A Nomenclator of Mexican and Central American Rubiaceae David H. Lorence ^I'-y -^fifif Missouri (J Vffi? s Botanical Garden Press MONOGRAPHS IN SYSTEMATIC BOTANY FROM THE MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN AUTHOR'S ADDRESS David H. Lorence National Tropical Botanical Garden P.O. Box 340 Lawai, Hawaii 96765 Volume Editor Marshall R. Crosby Managing Editor Amy Scheuler McPherson ght © 1999 by Missouri Botanical Garden Press. P.O. Box 299 St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. rom top: Rondeletia pringlei Contents Introduction Acknowledgments References Cited I Index INTRODUCTION iomenclatural compilation for ongoing revisionary and floristic studies 1 Rubiaceae, including treatments for the Flora Mesoamericana, Flora of Chiapas, Flora de Oaxaca, and Flora de Veracruz projects. Its primary purpose is to provide a comprehensive nomenclarural index of the published names of Rubiaceae from all of Mexico and the countries comprising Central America, and to indicate their current taxonomic and nomenclarural status. Names of taxa described from other areas, principally South America, the West Indies, and the southwest United States, have also been included if authentic records of their occurrence in Mexico or Central America exist. Names that have been erroneously applied to taxa in this region are also included. Taxa that are known from cultivation, have become naturalized, or have escaped from cultivation in the region are also included, and their status is noted. This work includes ca. 2341 entries of specific and mfraspecific names published during the period from 1753 through 1997, plus several more published to mid- 1998. The following herbaria were inventoried for Rubiaceae types from the region: ENCB, F, MEXU, MO, P, US, and XAL. In addition, type material of selected taxa was borrowed from a number of other herbaria including: CAS, GH, K, TEX-LL, UC, and WIS. Black and white photos have been taken of most types and sets of duplicate prints deposited at MEXU, PTBG, and US. The original literature sources in which the names were published have been checked in nearly all cases. All type collections have been seen by the author, unless indicated by "n.v." (non visi). Article 9.1 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature [Tokyo Code] (Greuter et al, 1 994) states "A holotype of a name of a species or infraspecific taxon is the one specimen or illustration used by the author, or designated by the author as the nomenclarural type." Names published prior to the Code, however, are frequently associated with typification problems. It was often the practice of various authors (e.g., Ruiz Lopez and Pavon, or Sesse and Mocino) to base their descriptions and sometimes also their illustrations primarily or entirely on plants studied in the field, or even on a mixture of specimens of the same taxon. In these cases a type was not designated and apparently does not exist, which I have noted in the text. Alternatively, authors would sometimes cite a locality (usually a country or island) and collector's name, suggesting that they were referring to a single specimen, although this is difficult to prove. Recommendation 9A.4 of the Code states that if a single specimen is cited in the protologue, without mention of a specific institution housing it, a specimen at the author's home institution can be regarded as the holotype until it can be proven that more than one specimen exists. In these cases I have cited locality and collector information from the protologue and simply noted "type," followed by the probable herbarium in which the type material may be sought, usually the author's home institution. Monographic or revisionary studies may be required to determine the status of any original collections and whether or not designation of a lectotype or neotype is necessary. The Sesse and Mocino herbarium is housed at Madrid (MA) with duplicates in several other herbaria. Sesse and Mocino had a large set of colored plates drawn from living specimens in Mexico and Puerto Rico, the majority of which are now at the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation (HU). They were copied while on loan to A. P. de Candolle, and sets of these outlines or "caiques" were distributed to at least 12 herbaria, including G-DC. For further information, see Taxonomic Literature (TL-2) by Stafleu and Cowan (5: 525-528. 1985). I have not seen type material for most names published by Sesse and Mocino, and the published diagnoses are usually too brief to permit accurate identification of the species. Consequently the status of many Sesse and Mocino names must remain uncertain pending study of the type material and original illustrations, which is beyond the scope of this work. Types of the taxa described by A. P. de Candolle based on Haenke collections are deposited at PR rather than at G-DC (see Stafleu & Cowan, 1976: 438). All cited locality data have been taken directly from the labels of the type specimens. In cases where the type — or a photo or microfiche of it— was not seen, locality information was taken directly from the protologue. Lectotypes are designated herein for the first time for non-lectotypified names in cases where the syntypes have been seen. Microfiches, mostly of type specimens in the de Candolle herbarium (G-DC), are cited in one of two ways. The microfiche number is equivalent to the volume, page number, and species number based on their enumeration in volume 4 of de Candolle's Prodromus containing the Rubiaceae treatment (1830). For example, the type ofCoutarea mexicana is Martius s.n. (Holotype G-DC), and the microfiche citation is 4: 350.3. Alternatively, the IDC (Inter Documentation Company AF) series is used. Here the G-DC herbarium is item number 800 and each fiche has an index number. For example, the type of Coutarea mexicana is located on fiche number 680, in the second row, the seventh from the left, so the resulting IDC number is 800.680.II.7. Herbarium acronyms are abbreviated following Index Herbariorum (Holmgren et al., 1990). Abbreviations for authors of botanical names follow Brummitt and Powell ( 1 992). Serial publications have been abbreviated following Botanico-Periodicwn-Huntianum (Lawrence et al., 1968) and Botanico- Periodicum-Huntianum/Supplementum (Bridson & Smith, 1991). Book titles and other non-periodical abbreviations follow Taxonomic Literature (TL-2) by Stafleu and Cowan (1976 1988). Other abbreviations frequently used herein are: ft. (feet); m (meters); Distr. (Distnto or District); Mun. (Municipio or Municipality); names of months are always abbreviated by the first three letters in English (i.e., Jan for January). Taxonomic concepts utilized in this work generally follow those presented in the most recently published monographs, revisions, and floristic treatments available. The nomenclature for the tribe Spermacoceae (including the genera Cmsea. Diodia, Ernodia, Galianthe, Mitmcarpus, Richardia. Spermacoce, Staelia, and Tobagoa) follows the annotations and advice of C. Dennis Adams (BM), who is preparing the treatment for Flora Mesoamericana. Much of this information is summarized in the extremely useful checklist of neotropical Rubiaceae published by Andersson (1992). In other cases, however, my own taxonomic judgments are presented. Any comments, corrections, and additions from readers will be greatly appreciated. FORMAT At the beginning of each generic listing the name of each genus and its type species are always written in normal Roman type. Typifications for these generic names mostly follow Index Nominum Genericorum tPLwtarum) (Farr et al., 1979). For each entry, an infrageneric name written in boldface type is accepted as valid, whereas an italicized name is considered to be a synonym of the name m boldface type preceded by an em dash (— ) at the end of each entry. Each name is cross-referenced with its basionym, which is also italicized. Blocking names have been indicated in cases where generic transfers have necessitated new names. Other generic combinations (homotypic synonyms) that appear in this catalog are indicated by the generic name(s) listed in italics just preceding the accepted name in boldface at the end of each citation. The following examples illustrate these points. ( 1 ) The accepted name (boldface type) is followed by the author(s) and publication citation the basionym (italics), its publication citation, and type information; this is followed by generic names (also in italics) under which other combinations (=homotypic synonyms) are listed in this catalog: Elaeagia myriantha (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & Hammel, Novon 3: 490. 1993. Sickingia myriantha Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 27. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Magdalena, Las Nubes road, region of Santa Marta, 1200 m, 3 Dec 1898, H. H. Smith 1810 (Holotype F 138660; isotypes MO, NY, n.v., US, n.v., W, n.v., Y, n.v.). Holtonia, Simira. ANOMENCLATOROFft (2) A homotypic synonym (italics) is followed by its publication citation, the basionym (italics) and its publication citation and type information, and another genus under which a homotypic synonym exists (italics). Finally, this is cross-referenced to the accepted name (boldface): Holtonia myriantha (Standi.) Standi., Trop. Woods 30: 37. 1932. Sickingia myriantha Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 27. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Magdalena, Las Nubes road, region of Santa Marta, 1200 m, 3 Dec 1898, H. H. Smith 1810 (Holotype F 138660; isotypes MO, NY, n.v., US, n.v., W, n.v., Y, n.v.). Simira. — Elaeagia myriantha (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & Hammel ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I sincerely thank the following individuals and institutions whose assistance has been ii completing this work: John Dwyer for inspiring this nomenclator and for making availab on the types he examined at BM and K; C. Dennis Adams (BM) for welcome advici Spermacoceae; Tim McDowell for information regarding Exostema and Syringantha; Robert M. Rhode for information regarding Chiococca; Marshall R. Crosby, Gerrit Davidse, and Amy McPherson for helpful discussions, comments, and suggestions; Lennart Andersson and Charlotte Taylor for their detailed reviews, which substantially improved the manuscript; Janet Leopold and Teri Teasdale for help with often tedious manuscript preparation; Rick Hanna for locating many obscure references; and Barbara Mack for updating and formatting the manuscript for publication. I also thank the curators of the herbaria cited within for loaning specimens and for providing work space and access to their collections. During my tenure as Investigador at the Herbario Nacional de Mexico (MEXU), the Instituto de Biologia of the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico provided financial support, enabling me to study and photograph types of Mexican and Central American Rubiaceae at the F, MO, P, and US herbaria. Additional financial support enabling me to study and photograph types at P was provided by a grant from CONACYT (Mexico). The Missouri Botanical Garden provided facilities and support during my many visits there. Finally, I am grateful to William L. Theobald and the late William McK. Klein, Jr., former directors of the National Tropical Botanical Garden, for supporting various phases of work on this project. My sincere gratitude is extended to all who have helped me. REFERENCES CITED Anderson, W. R. 1972. A monograph of the genus Crusea (Rubiaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 1-128. Andersson, L. 1992. A Provisional Checklist of Neotropical Rubiaceae. Scripta Botanica Belgica 1: 1-199. Andersson, L. & C. M. Taylor. 1994. Rubiaceae-Cinchoneae-Coptosapelteae. In G. Harling & L. Andersson (editors), Flora of Ecuador 50. No. 162 (1-4). Berlings, Arlov, Sweden. Blackwell, W. FL, Jr. 1968. Revision of Bouvardia (Rubiaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 1-30. Boom, B. M. 1984. A revision of Isertia (Isertieae: Rubiaceae). Brittonia 36: 425^54. Bridson, D. & B. Verdcourt. 1988. In R. M. 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The genus Galium (Rubiaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Univ. Calif Publ Bot. 73: 1-33. Dwyer, J. D. 1980. Rubiaceae. In R. E. Woodson, Jr., R. W. Schery & collaborators, Flora of Panama-Part IX. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 1-522. Elias, T. S. 1976. A monograph of the genus Hamelia (Rubiaceae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 26: 81-144. Farr, E. R., J. A. Leussink & F. A. Stafleu. 1979. Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). 3 vols. The Hague: Bohn, Scheltema & Holkema. Fosberg, F. R. 1974. Studies in American Rubiaceae 2. Ayuque, Balmea stormae, an endangered Mexican species. Sida 5: 268-270. Fosberg, F. R. & M.-H. Sachet. 1989a. Three cultivated Fosberg, F. R. & M.-H. Sachet. 1989b. Lectotypificatic 486-^89. Greuter, W., F. R. Barrie, H. M. Burdet, W. G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, D. L. Hawksworth, P. M. Jorgensen, D. H. Nicolson, P. C. Silva, P. Trehane & J. McNeill. 1994. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Tokyo Code). Regnum Veg. 131. Hamilton, C. W. 1989. A revision of Mesoamerican Psychotria subgenus Psychotria (Rubiaceae) Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 67-111, 386-429, 886-916. Holmgren, P. K., N. H. Holmgren & L. C. Barnett. 1990. Index Herbariorum. 8th edition. Bronx: New York Botanical Garden. Howard, R. 1989. Rubiaceae. In Flora of the Lesser Antilles 6: 389-471. Jamaica Plain: Arnold Arboretum, Harvard University. Kirkbride, J. H., Jr. 1969. A revision of the Panamanian species of Rondeletia (Rubiaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55:372-391. Kirkbride, J. H., Jr. 1997. Manipulus rubiacearum-VI. Brittonia 49: 354-379. Lawrence, G. H. M„ A. F. Giinther Buchheim, G. S. Daniels & H. Dolezal. 1968. Botanico-Periodicum- Huntianum. Pittsburgh: Hunt Botanical Library. L 7, 1S ;^' ^ 1%1 ' Merger ° f thC N0rth Amencan Houstonia and Oldenlandia under Hedyotis. Rhodora oi: zlo-223. Lewis, W. H. 1968. Notes on Hedyotis (Rubiaceae) ,n North America. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: T L TV W T ", q1o R p L - ° llV r 1974> A reV1S1 ° n ° f **■*» ( R »biaceae). Brittonia 26: 271-301. Little, E. L. 1959. Proposal to conserve the generic names 8364, Laugeria Vahl emend. Hook. f. against Laugiena Jacq. and Laugeria L. (all of Rubiaceae) Taxon 8- 27-28 Lorence, D. H. 1993. In C. E. Jarvis, F. R. Barrie, D. M. Allan & J. L. Reveal, A List of Linnaean Generic Names and their Types. Regnum Veg. 127. [Typifications of Morinda royoc p. 68, and Randia mitis Lorence, D. H. & J. D. Dwyer, 1987. New taxa and a new name in Mexican and Central American Randia (Rubiaceae, Gardemeae). Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47- 37-^8 M°n nCe ' .? f ',££ D , DWyer - I 988 ' A reV1S1 ° n ° f ° eppea ( Ru ^eae). Allertoma 4: 389-436. McDowell T. 1996a. Synngantha coulteri (Hooker f.) T. McDowell, A new combination, and remarks 273 2V9 ^ monot yP lc Mexican genus Synngantha Standley (Rubiaceae). Novon 6: I NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL McDowell, T. 1996b. Exostema (Rubiaceae): Taxonomic history, nomenclature, position and subgeneric classification. Opera Bot. Belg. 7: 277-295. Mena V., P. 1986. A revision of the genus Arcytophyllum (Rubiaceae: Hedyotideae). Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 60: 1-26. Natali, A. 1993. In C. E. Jarvis, F. R. Barrie, D. M. Allan & J. L. Reveal, A List of Linnaean Generic Names and their Types. Regnum Vegetabile 127. [Typification of Sherardia arvensis p. 88.] Nicolson, D. 1977. Notes for the flora of Dominica. Spermacoce confusa and Schradera exotica. J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 445^447. [Typification of Spermacoce confusa.} Puff, C. 1991. The genus Paedeha L.: A multidisciplinary study. Opera Bot. Belg. 3: 1-376. Rendle, A. B. 1934. Linnaean species of Spermacoce. J. Bot. 72: 329-333. Rendle, A. B. 1936. Spermacoce remota Lam. J. Bot. 74: 10-12. Reveal, J. 1993. In C. E. Jarvis, F. R. Barrie, D. M. Allan & J. L. Reveal, A List of Linnaean Generic Names and their Types. Regnum Vegetabile 127. [Typification of Cephalanthus occidental, p. 31.] Reveal, J., C. R. Broome, M. L. Brown & G. F. Frick. 1987. On the identities of Maryland plants mentioned in the first two editions of Linnaeus' Species plantarum. Huntia 7: 209 245. [Lectotypification of Mitchella repens, p. 215.] Rogers, G. K. 1987. The genera of Cinchonoideae (Rubiaceae) in the Southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 68: 137-183. Schumann, K. 1 89 1 . Rubiaceae. In A. Engler & K. Prantl, Die natlirlichen Pflanzenfamilien IV (4): 1-1 56. Leipzig: Wm. Engelmann. [Lectotypification of Crusea, p. 141.] Smith, A. C. 1974. Studies of Pacific Island plants. XXVII. The genus Gardenia (Rubiaceae) in the Fijian region. Amer. J. Bot. 61: 109-128. Stafleu, F. & R. Cowan. 1976-1988. Taxonomic Literature. Vols. 1-7. Utrecht: Bonn, Scheltema & Holkema. Standley, P. C. 1926. Rubiaceae. In Trees and Shrubs of Mexico. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1349-1394. Standley, P. C. 1934. Rubiaceae. In North American Flora 32(3-4): 159-300. Standley, P. C. 1938. Rubiaceae. In Flora of Costa Rica. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1264-1380. Standley, P. C. & L. O. Williams. 1975. Rubiaceae. In Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana: Bot. 24(1 1): 1-274. Steyermark, J. A. 1972. Rubiaceae, Part IX. In B. Maguire and collaborators, The Botany of the Guyana Highland. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 227-832. Steyermark, J. A. 1974. Rubiaceae. In Flora de Venezuela 9(1-3): 1-2070. Taylor, C. M. 1989. Revision of Hillia sect. Ravnia (Rubiaceae: Cinchonioideae). Selbyana 11: 26-34. Taylor, C. M. 1994. Revision of Hillia (Rubiaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 81: 571-609. Taylor, C. M. & D. H. Lorence. 1985. Lectotypification of Palicourea galeottiana M. Martens (Rubiaceae) and a new name for this common species. Taxon 34: 667-669. Taylor, C. M. & D. H. Lorence. 1993. On the status of Randia armata (Sw.) DC. (Rubiaceae: Gardenieae). Taxon 42: 865-867. Terrell, E. E. 1980. Two new species and a new combination in Houstonia (Rubiaceae) from Mexico. Brittonia 32: 490-494. Terrell, E. E. 1996. Revision of Houstonia (Rubiaceae-Hedyotideae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 48: 1-118. Terrell, E. E. & W. H. Lewis. 1990. Oldenlandiopsis (Rubiaceae), a new genus from the Caribbean Basin, based on Oldenlandia callitrichoides Gnsebach. Brittonia 42: 185-190. Verdcourt, B. 1975. Studies in the Rubiaceae-Rubioideae for the 'Flora of Tropical East Africa': I. Kew Bull. 30: 247-326. Verdcourt, B. 1976. In R. M. Polhill (editor), Flora of Tropical East Africa. Rubiaceae, Part 1: 1-414. London: Crown Agents for Overseas Governments. [Lectotypifications for Oldenlandia corymbosa L. on p. 308 and O. lancifolia on p. 292.] Verdcourt, B. 1983. Notes on Mascarene Rubiaceae. Kew Bull. 37: 521-547. [Spermacoce typifications.] \(>\lr NCLATURAL INDEX Aeginetia Cav., Anal. Ci. Nat. 3: 129. 1801. Type not designated. Aeginetia longiflora Cav., Anal. Ci. Nat. 3: 130. 1801. Type: MEXICO: Between Queretaro and Guanajuato, Oct, Nee (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.). — Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) Kunth Aeginetia multiflora Cav., Anal. Ci. Nat. 3: 131, t. 28, fig. 2. 1801; Icon. 6: 52, t. 572, fig. 2. 1801. Type: MEXICO: Queretaro, Nee s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v. (photo MO)). —Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Aegiphila Jacq. [Verbenaceae] Aegiphila h<>{jmannioides Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 227. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Steyermark 48843 (Holotype F, n.v.). — Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams Alibertia A. Rich., Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 234, t. 2\,fig. 1. 1830. Type: Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich, ex DC. Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich, in DC, Prodr. 4: 443. 1830. Genipa edulis Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Pans 1: 107. 1792. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Guyane, Richard s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.; Isotype F 971706 (photo PTBG)). Cordiera, Gardenia. Alibertia garapatica K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 384. 1889. Type not cited. Alibertia longistipulata L. Riley, Kew Bull. 1927: 122. 1927. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Old Panama, 16 Jun 1924, L. A. M. Riley 145 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich ex DC. Alibertia panamensis L. Riley, Kew Bull. 1927: 123. 1927. Type: PANAMA: Between Panama and Sabana, 14 Jun 1924, L .A. M. Riley III (Holotype K, n.v.; Isorypes US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich, ex DC. Alibertia premontana C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 215. 1996. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Reserva Biologica Monteverde, Valle del rio Penas Blancas, fila del Toro, serdero Pipilacha y Campo Tres, 18°N, 84°W, 900-1 100 m, 21 Jan 1991, W. Haber & E. Cruz 10630 (Holotype MO 4234216; Isotype CR, n.v.). Alibertia utleyorum (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 215. 1996. Duroia utleyorum Dwyer in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana Bot., n.s. 33: 127. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, adjacent to airfield, Rincon de Osa, 6-7 Feb 1974, R. Liesner 1774 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype MO 3030387). Allenanthus Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 344. 1940. Type: Allenanthus erythrocarpa Standi. Allenanthus erMlnocarpiis Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 344. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Code, Vicinity of El Valle de Anton, ca. 600 m, 17 Sep 1939, P. H. Allen 1999 (Holotype MO 1195153 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F 1015649, GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Allenanthus hondurensis Standi., Ceiba 1: 45. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, Faldas del Cerro Majicaran, aguas arriba del Rio de la Onlla, 950 m, 27 Nov 1948, A. Molina R. 1750 (Holotype F 152284 (photo PTBG); Isotypes EAP, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Allenanthus hondurensis var. parvifolia L. O. Williams, Phytologia 25: 461. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mun. Venustiano Carranza, Rancho Carmen along the road from Acala to Venustiano Carranza, 2600 ft., 23 Aug 1966, R. M. Lauglin 1647 (Holotype F 1662766 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Alseis Schott in Spreng., Syst. Veg. 4(2): 404. 1827. Type: Alseis floribunda Schott Alseis blackiana Hemsl., Diag. PI. Mex. 30. 1879. Type: PANAMA: In dense woods, Manma [?] Station, P. R. R., Jun 1862, S. l NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Hayes 665 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Abets dariensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 27. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Tuquesa, middle Tuquesa Mining Co. camp called Charco Peje, 250 m, S. Mori 7001 (Holotype MO, not located 6/96). — Wittmackanthus stanleyanus (Schomb.) Alseis hondurensis Standi., Trop. Woods 16: 48. 1928. Type: HONDURAS: La Ceiba, Dec 1927, H. Johansen 9 (Holotype F 572615 (photo PTBG)). Alseis schippii Lundell, Lloydia 4: 56. 1941. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Toledo Distr., Machaca, 50 ft., 4 Nov 1932, W. A. Schipp 1230 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Alseis hondurensis Standi. Alseis yucatanensis Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 50. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, without precise locality, 1917-1921, G. F. Gaunter 24247 (Holotype F 552253 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Amaioua Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 13: 1775. Type: Amaioua guianensis Aubl. Amaioua corymbosa Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 419, pi 294. 1820. Type: VENEZUELA: In locis frondosis Novae-Andalusia prope Cumanacoa, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype presumably P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B-W (photo MO)). Amaioua hirsuta Poepp. & Endl., Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 25, pi. 230 1841. Type: Chili, Perou, et Fleuve de La Plata, 1836, Poeppig 2823 (Holotype W, n.v., fragment F; Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Duroia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) K. Schum. Amaioua magnicarpa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 29. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Santa Rita Ridge, 23 Mar 1972, J. D. Dwyer 9552 (Holotype MO 2162079 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 4199142 (photo PTBG)). Bot. Gard. 67: 30. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, along road between Escuela Agricola and Alto Piedra (above Santa Fe) and Rio Dos Bocas ca. 5-8 km from Escuela, 730-770 m, 26 Jul 1974, T. B. Croat 25937 (Holotype MO 2212775 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., MO 2212776 (photo PTBG)). Amphidaysa Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 180. 1936. Type: Amphidaysa ambigua (Standi.) Standi. Amphidaysa ambigua (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 11: 181. 1936. Sabicea ambigua Standi., Publ. Field. Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 49. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Without precise locality, 1847, Triana s.n. (Holotype K, n.v. (photo F)). Amphidaysa spathulata Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 33. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Campamento, south of Cerro Pire, cloud forest, 20-27 Mar 1968, J. A. Duke 15615 (Holotype MO 1964213 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Anisomeris C. Presl, Symb. Bot. 2: 5, t. 54. 1834. Type: Anisomeris spinosa C. Presl. [Herein treated as a synonym of Chomelia Jacq.] Anisomeris brachypoda (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 293. 1929. Chomelia brachypoda Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 47: 255. 1909. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Sasis, banks of Rio Ogeqaj, 900 m, May 1908, H. von Tuerckheim 2253 (Holotype US; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US).— Chomelia brachypoda Donn. Sm. Anisomeris englesingii (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 360. 1931. Chomelia englesingii Standi., Trop. Woods 16: 45. 1928. Type: NICARAGUA: Region of Braggman's Bluff (Kukalaya River), 200-600 ft., 2 Dec 1927, F. C Englesing 49 (Holotype F 572606 (photo PTBG)).— Chomelia recordii Jacq. Anisomeris microloba (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 293. 1929. Chomelia microloba Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 114. 1901. Type: (Holotype US; Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photo MEXU), US, 3 sheets). — Chomelia microloba Donn. Sm. Anisomeris pringlei (S. Watson) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 293. 1929. Chomelia pringlei S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 26: 137. 1891. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Tamasopo Canyon, 6 Aug 1890, C. G. Pringle 3209 (Holotype US 48535; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Chomelia pringlei S. Watson Anisomeris protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 293. 1920. Guettarda protracta Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.).— Chomelia protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Anisomeris purpusii Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, nearTonala, Sep 1913, C A. Purpus 6940 (Holotype UC 173028, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Chomelia. — Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Anisomeris recordii (Standi.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 227. 1934. Chomelia recordii Standi . Trop. Woods 7: 9. 1926. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, high forest between Los Andes and Entre Rios, lower Rio Motagua Valley, Record 8862 (Holotype Y, n.v.; Isotype NY, n.v.).— Chomelia recordii Standi. Anisomeris rudis Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 394. 1938. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, summit of ridge above El Achote, above the plains of Siguatepeque, 1800 m, 1 Aug 1936, T. G. Yunker, R. F. ' Dawson & H. R. Youse 6253 (Holotype F 857678 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 1 1 1 547 1 ).— Chomelia rudis (Standi.) Anisomeris sylvicola (Standi.) Standi., N. Amer Fl. 32: 225. 1934. Chomelia ? sylvicola Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 182. 1928. Standley & J. Valerio 49196 (Holotype US 1305902).— Chione sylvicola (Standi.) W. C. Burger Anotis DC, Prodr. 4: 431. 1830. Type not designated. Anotis cervantesii (Kunth) DC, Prodr. 4: 432. 1830. Hedyotis cervantesii Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 390. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B-W (photo MO)).— Hedyotis cervantesii Kunth Anotis longiflora Benth., PI. Hartw. 23. 1839. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, 1837, T. K. Hartweg 206 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype GH, n.v.). Bouvardia.— Bouvardia * (Cav.) Schult. 8c Schult. f. Antirhea Comm. ex Juss., Gen. PI. 204. 1789. Type: Antirhea borbonica J. F. Gmelin Antirhea aromatica Cast-Campos & Lorence, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 268, fig. 1 . 1985. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. Jalcomulco, ca. 10 km al S de Apazapan, Barranca de Monterrey, al S de Cuetzalan, entre Cuetzalan y Apazapan, 350 m, 17 Sep 1983, G. Castillo-Campos 2957 (Holotype XAL; Isotypes MEXU, MO, XAL, plus about 50 more distributed to a wide range of herbaria). Antirhea lucida (Sw.) Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2: 100. 1873. Laugeria lucida Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 48. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality, Swartz s.n. (Holotype presumably S, n.v.). — Stenostomum lucidum (Sw.) C F. Gaertn. Antirhea panamensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 264. 1934. Type: PANAMA: San Bias District, 21-28 Apr 1933, G. P. Cooper 238 (Holotype F 686345 (photo PTBG); Isotype F 709955). Chomelia.— Chomelia microloba Donn. Sm. Antirhea trichantha (Griseb.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 42. 1881. Pittoniotis trichantha Griseb., Bonplandia 6: 8. 1858. i. NOMENCLATOR OF MEX d Central American Rubiaceae Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Duchaissing s.n. (Holotype presumably GOET or P, n.v.).— Pittoniotis trichantha Gnseb. Appunia Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2: 120. 1873. Type: Appunia tenuiflora (Benth.) Hook. f. Appunia guatemalensis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 48: 294. 1909. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, silva prope pagam martimam Livingston, Jun 1906, H. von Tuerckheim III-230 (Holotype US 943501 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Morinda. Appunia parviflora Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 28. 1940. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Stann Creek Distr., Silk Grass Creek Reserve, 5 Sep 1939, P. H. Gentle 2986 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., F (photo PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standi. & Steyerm. Appunia seibertii Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 24: 208. 1937. Type: PANAMA: Panama, vicinity of Arenoso, lower Rio Trinidad, 26-50 m, 7-10 Aug 1935, R. J. Seibert 624 (Holotype MO 1 1 10146 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F). Arachnothryx Planch., Fl. Serres 5: tab. 442. 1849. Type: Arachnothryx leucophylla (Kunth) Planch. Type designated by Borhidi, 1982. [Herein treated as a synonym of Rondeletia L.] Arachnothryx acuminata (Oerst. ex Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989 [as Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 340. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Amatlan, F. Liebmann 11712 (Holotype C (photo MEXU); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rondeletia. — Rondeletia scabra Hemsl. Arachnothryx aetheocalymna (Donn. Sm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia aetheocalymna Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 42: 298. 1906. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, trail , 550-1000 m, 14 Jan 1905, W. R. Maxon & R. Hay 3275 (Holotype US 473244 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Rondeletia aetheocalymna Donn. Sm. Arachnothryx albida (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 309. 1989. Rondeletia albida Lundell, Wrightia 5: 323. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Carelas, near Motozintla, 2176 m, Apr 1945, E. Matuda 5509 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MEXU, TEX-LL).— Rondeletia laniflora Benth. iv aspera (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 68. 1982. Rondeletia aspera Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 54. 1918. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Pont du Rodeo, Pacacol (Villa Colon), Jan 1891, H. Pittier 3243 (Holotype US 941408 (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia aspera Standi. is (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia belizensis Standi., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 91. 1935. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Jasinto Hills, 300 ft, 28 Aug 1933, W. A. Schipp 1201 (Holotype F 683600 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., K (photo PTBG), MO). —Rondeletia belizensis Standi. Arachnothryx belizensis (Standi.) Borhidi var. longiloba (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia belizensis Standi, var. longiloba Lundell, Wrightia 5: 323. 1976. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Rubelsanto, 2.3 km ESE of Balastrera, 20 Jul 1985, C. L. Lundell & E. Contreras 19545 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MO (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia irachnothryx bertieroides (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia bertieroides Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 267. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista Camp, Chinqui Trail, 900 m, 1928, G P. Cooper 598 (Yale 12231) (Holotype F 579614 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). s Standi. Arachnothryx bourgaei (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia bourgaei Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 56. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, region de Orizaba, Monte San Cristobal, 8 Jul 1866, E. Bourgeau 2618 (Holotype US 49964 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes P, 4 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia laniflora Benth. Inn hnotluyx brenesii (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia brenesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1370. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Camino de San Ramon a La Calera, 20 Mar 1929, A. M. Brenes 6757 (Holotype F 854972 (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia brenesii Standi. Arachnothryx brevicorolla (J. H. Kirkbr.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982 [as brevicollis]. Rondeletia salicifolia Dwyer & Hayden subsp. brevicorolla J. H. Kirkbr., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 383. 1963. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, cloud forest above Quebrada Huron on Cerro Bonyik, 166-^00 m, 13 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 597 (Holotype MO 1946832 (photo PTBG); Isotypes NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia bertieroides Standi. Arachnothryx buddleioides (Benth.) Planch., Fl. Serres 5: tab. 442. 1849. Rondeletia buddleioides Benth., PI. Hartweg. 69. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, in planitie Llano Verde, T. K. Harhveg 502 (Holotype K (photo PTBG); Isotypes NY, n.v. (fragment US (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Arachnothryx buddleioides (Benth.) Planch, var. aspera (J. H. Kirkbr.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. var. aspera J. H. Kirkbr., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 379. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, between Criollo (just above Buena Vista) and Quebrada Higueron on Chiriqui Trail, 18 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 780 (Holotype MO 1942973 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Arachnothryx calycosa (Donn. Sm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia calycosa Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 56: 59. 1913. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de la Palma, 1460 m, 25 Sep 1898, A. Tonduz 11633 (Holotype US 941406 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia calycosa Donn. Sm. Arachnothryx capitellata (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl., Diag. PI. Mex. 28. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Jurgensen 355 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes G- DEL (n.v., fragment F), K (photo PTBG)). Syntypes: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Joya, F. Liebmann 202 (K (photo PTBG); without precise locality, Jurgensen 376 (K (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl. Arachnothryx chinajensis (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia chinajensis Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 254. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cerro Chinaja, between Finca Yalpemech and Chinaja, above source of Rio San Diego, 150-700 m, 1-2 Apr 1942, J. A. Steyermark 45637 (Holotype F 1 134210 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia chinajensis Standi. & Arachnothryx cooperi (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia cooperi Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 267. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista Camp, on Chiriqui Trail, 1250 ft., Jan-Mar 1928, G. P. Cooper 600 (Yale 12233) (Holotype F 579596 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.).— Rondeletia cooperi Standi. Arachnothryx cordovana (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia cordovana Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 26. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: Zacapa, in ravine bordering Quebrada Alejandria, summit of Sierra de las Minas, vicinity of Finca Alejandria, 2500 m, 13 Oct 1939, J A. Steyermark 29906 (Holotype F 1042952 l NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL brandegeeana Lorence Arachnothryx costaricensis (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia costaricensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 61. 1918. Type: COSTA RICA: Buena Vista, San Carlos, 900 m, Apr 1903. H Pittk-r 16696 (Holotype US 764141 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia costaricensis Standi. Arachnothyx darcyi (Dwyer) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia darcyi Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 67: 467. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, road bank just W of Portobelo, 12 Apr 1970, W. G. D 'Any 4079 (Holotype MO 2238438 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). — Rondeletia secunda Standi. Arachnothryx dariensis (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 68. 1982. Rondeletia dariensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 53. 1918. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Boca de Paurando, on Sambii River, southern Darien, 20 m, Feb 1912,//. Pittier 5684 (Holotype US 867136 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia dariensis Standi. Arachnothryx deamii (Donn. Sm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 68. 1982. Bouvardia deamii Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 49: 455. 1910. Type: GUATEMALA: At base of Rillo de las Nabajas, about y A mile front side of Fiscal, 3700 ft., 5 Jun 1909, C C. Deam 6190 (Holotype US 579579 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia deamii (Donn. Sm.) Standi. Arachnothryx edwardsii (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia edwardsii Standi., Trop. Woods 37: 31. 1934. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, Pito Solo, Lake Yojoa, 2000 ft, 29 Aug 1932,7. B. Edwards P476 (Holotype F 662645 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.). i Standi. Arachnothryx elongata (Bartl. ex DC.) Planch., Fl. Serres 5: tab. 442. 1849. Rondeletia elongata Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 409. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Haenkes.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.; Isotype W, n.v. (photo MO)).— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth Irtn hnothyx falciformis (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia falciformis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 324. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, km 332 of Mexico City-Laredo highway, above Chapulhuacan, 3800 ft., 13 Jul 1943, C. L. Lundell 12234 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia : | Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia galeottii Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 59. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, H. Galeotti s.n. (Holotype US 454830 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia galeottii Standi. .,'■■'■■ >' . ■■'<■ . /.-.I Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987 [as gonzalaeoides]. Rondeletia gonzaleoides Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 160. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Pueblo Nuevo, 2200 m, 1840, J. Linden 149 (Holotype LE, n.v. (fragment F, photos MEXU, PTBG); probable Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia gonzaleoides Standi. Arachnothryx gracilis (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia gracilis Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 53. 1880. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, 3600 ft., H. von Tuerckheim 404 (Holotype K (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia Arachnothryx gracilispica (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia gracilispica Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 342. 1931. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Talea, etc., 1843-33, C. Jurgensen 935 (Holotype K (photo PTBG; fragment F, photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia gracilispica Standi. ft >Ua (Dwyer & Hay den) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rom Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 144. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Santiago, Aug 1961, J. D. Dwyer 1350 (Holotype MO 1824657 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). — Rondeletia hameliifolia Dwyer & Hayden Arachnothryx heteranthera (Brandegee) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. \9%2.Rond Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 387. 1913. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Banos del Carnzal, Aug 1912, C. A. Purpus 6148 (Holotype UC 155217, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO).— Rondeletia irachnothryx izabalensis (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia izabalensis Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 286. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Escoba, across the bay (west) from Puerto Barrios, near sea level, 3 May 1939, P. C. Standley 72891 (Holotype F 99161 1 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia izabalensis Standi. & Steyerm. Arachnothtyxjurgensenii (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982.' Rondeletia jurgensenii Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov Mexic. 29. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra de San Pedro Nolasco, Jurgensen 248 (Holotype K (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia jurgensenii Hemsl. Arachnothryx kirkbridei (Dwyer) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia kirkbridei Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 469. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, 16 km NW of Santa Fe on road to Calovebora (Panama Hwy. 35), 300-500 m 16 May 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 61 12 (Holotype MO 2300094 (photo PTBG)). —Rondeletia bertieroides Standi. Arachnothryx laniflora (Benth.) Planch., Fl. Serres 5: tab. 442. 1849. Rondeletia laniflora Benth., PI. Hartw. 85. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: In montibus las Nubes, T. Hartweg 584 (Holotype K (photo PTBG), fragment US (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B (presumably destroyed, photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia laniflora Benth. Arachnothryx leptodictya (B. L. Rob.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 68. 1982. Rondeletia leptodictya B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 45: 402. 1910. Type: MEXICO: [Boundary between Michoacan and Guerrero] Rives du Rio Petatlan, 500 m, 24 Nov 1898, E. Langlasse 666 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), G, n.v., P (2 sheets, photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth Arachnothryx leucophylla (Kunth) Planch., Fl. Serres 5: tab. 442. 1849. Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 395. t. 290. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Inter Alto del Peregrine et Flumen Papagallo, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotypes B, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth Arachnothryx licbmannii < Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia liebmannii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 336. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, 1841-43, F. Liebmann 11834 (Holotype US 1315231 (photos MEXU, PTBG); probable Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl. Arachnothryx linguiformis (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia linguiformis Hemsl, Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 29. 1879. Type: GUATEMALA: Without precise locality, Skinner s.n. (Holotype K (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia linguiformis Hemsl. Arachnothryx longipetiolata (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia longipetolata Lundell, Wrightia 5: 325. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, near Escuintla, 14 Nov 1945, E. Matuda 6146 (Holotype TEX-LL; Isotypes MEXU, TEX- LL).— Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Arachnothryx lundelliana (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia lundelliana Standi., Contr. Univ. Mich. Herb. V NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 4: 31. 1940. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): El Cayo Distr., Vaca, 21 Apr 1938, P. H. Gentle 2504 (Holotype F 941520 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., TEX-LL ex MICH (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia stenosiphon Hemsl. Arachnothryx macrocalyx (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia macrocalyx Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 254. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Cerro San Gil, 300-900 m, 25 Dec 1941, J. A. Steyermark 41864 (Holotype F 1 134224 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia macrocalyx Standi. & Steyerm. Arachnothryx mexiae (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia mexiae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 55. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. Choapan, Santa Maria, Montana Santa Maria, 1500 m, 1 Apr 1938, Y. Mexia 9261 (Holotype F 982856 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Rondeletia scabra Hemsl. Arachnothryx minor (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia minor Lundell, Wnghtia 5: 326. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, about 10 miles north of Teziutlan, 6 Jan 1964, D. S. Correll & H. B. Correll 28736 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MEXU). — Rondeletia gracilispica Standi. Arachnothryx myriantha (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia myriantha Standi. & Styerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 288. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, Finca Moca, 3200 ft., 31 Oct 1934, A. F. Skutch 1569 (Holotype F 813463 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia myriantha Standi. & Steyerm. Arachnothryx myriantha (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi var. armentalis (L.O. Williams) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia myriantha Standi. & Steyerm. var. armentalis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 127. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, Nebaj, 5600 ft., 22 Nov 1934, A. F. Skutch 1 776 (Holotype F 815811 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).^Rondeletia myriantha Standi. & Steyerm. var. armentalis L. O. Williams Arachnothryx nebulosa (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia nebulosa Standi., Trop. Woods 37: 32. 1934. Type: HONDURAS: Tegucigalpa, La Aurora Trail, Rosario, San Juancito, 5400 ft., 2 Apr 1932, J. B. Edwards P10 (Holotype F 662646 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.). —Rondeletia nebulosa Standi. Arachnothryx nicaraguensis (Oerst.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia nicaraguensis Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 43. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Matagalpa, Segovia, in monte Pantasmo, Jan 1848, Oersted s.n. (Holotype C (photos F, MO, US), fragment US). — Rondeletia nicaraguensis Oerst. Arachnothryx nitida (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia nitida Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 29. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Fl. rosatres, forets des pins, Chiapas, in fevr., Linden 1660 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes G-DEL, n.v., fragment F, P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntype: MEXICO: Chiapas, Ghiesbreght 728 (K (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.). Linden 1660 was designated as lectotype, as it is the better specimen with more duplicates. — Rondeletia nitida Hemsl. Arachnothryx oaxacana (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia oaxacana Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 255. 1936. Nomen superfl., based on same type as Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, 3000 ft., H. Galeotti 2664 (Holotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG), fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi. Arachnothryx ovandensis (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia ovandensis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 326. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, near Escuintla, 24 Oct 1941, E. Matuda 6067 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MEXU, TEX- LL).— Rondeletia ovandensis Lundell Arachnothryx pansamalana (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia pansamalana Standi., N. Amer. Ft. 32: 58. 1918. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Pansamala, 3800 ft., Apr 1886, H. von Tuerckheim 897 (Holotype US 49985 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Rondeletia pansamalana Standi. Arachnothryx phyllocephala (Standi. & L. O. Williams) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia phyllocephala Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 3: 63. 1952. Type: HONDURAS: Cortes, faldas hiimedas de Montana Sta. Ana, matorrales hiimedos de Rio Sta. Ana, 210 m, 6 Dec 1950, A. Molina R. 3608 (Holotype US 2216049 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia thiemei Donn. Sm. Arachnothryx platysepala (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia platysepala Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 343. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Valle, North Rim, 600-1000 m, 14 May 1939, P. H. Allen 1791 (Holotype F 989484 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), G (n.v.), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v.). —Rondeletia bertieroides Standi. Arachnotluyx pohcephala (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia polycephala Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 337. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, F. Liebmann 11826 (Holotype C, fragment US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi. Arachnothryx pyramidalis (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 310. 1989. Rondeletia pyramidalis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 327. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, San Luis, near Siltepec, 1300 m, 24 Jan 1945, E. Matuda 5292 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MEXU, TEX-LL). — Rondeletia pyramidalis Lundell Arachnothryx rekoi (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia rekoi Standi., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 8: 126. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Las Pilas (Cerro Espino), 400 m, 10 Oct 1917, B. P. Reko 3490 (Holotype US 867145 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia rekoi Standi. Arachnothryx rubens (L. O. Williams) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 311. 1989. Rondeletia rubens L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 128. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, Nebaj, 6000 ft., 19 Nov 1934, A. F. Skutch 1725 (Holotype F 815804 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia rubens L. O. Williams Arachnothryx rufescens (B. L. Rob.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia rufescens B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 402. 1910. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Coban, 4800 ft., Mar 1881, H. von Tuerckheim 582 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia gracilis Hemsl. Arachnothryx salicifolia (Dwyer & Hay den) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia salicifolia Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 58. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe in "Clusia forest" at 2700-3000 ft., 27 Jan 1966, E. I. Tyson, J. D. Dwyer & K. Blum 3319 (Holotype MO 1824503 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F, US (photos MEXU, MO)). —Rondeletia bertieroides Standi. Arachnothryx secunda (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 70. 1982. Rondeletia secunda Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 141. 1916. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, forests around Puerto Obaldia, San Bias coast, 0-50 m, Aug 191 1, H. Pittier 4279 (Holotype US 679392 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.).— Rondeletia secunda Standi. Arachnothryx secundiflora (B. L. Rob.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia secundiflora B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 403. 1910. Type: A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE GUATEMALA: Along road from Patin to Escuintla, 1860, S. Hayes s.n. (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Rondeletia secundifiora B. L. Rob. Arachnothryx septicidalis (B. L. Rob.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia septicidalis B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 403. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Chicharras, 3000-6000 ft., 6 Feb 1896, E. W. Nelson 3755 (Holotype US 256722 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.).— Rondeletia septicidalis B. L. Rob. Arachnothryx silvicola (L. O. Williams) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 311. 1989. Rondeletia silvicola L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 128. 1973. Type: HONDURAS: Atlantida, Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20-600 m, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, P. C. Standley 56885 (Holotype F 581955 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia silvicola L. O. Williams Arachnothryx skutchii (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia skutchii Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 289. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, Finca Moca, 4200 ft., 10 Jan 1935, A. F. Skutch 2110 (Holotype F 934088 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia skutchii Standi. & Steyerm. Arachnothryx stachyoidea (Donn. Sm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia stachyoidea Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 42: 298. 1906. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Semococh, 600-900 m, 25 Apr 1905, R. S. Hay s.n. (Holotype US 473726 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia stachyoidea Donn. Sm. Arachnothryx standleyana (A. R. Molina) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 302. 1987. Rondeletia standleyana A. R. Molina, Ceiba 1: 262. 1951. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, in pine forest above Zambrano, 1200 m, 20 Jul 1949, L. O. Williams & A. Molina R. 14417 (Holotype US 22 1 60 1 8 ex E AP (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia standleyana A. R. Molina Arachnothryx stenostachya (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 303. 1987. Rondeletia stenostachva Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1372. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: La Hondura de San Jose, 1300 m, 15 Aug 1933, M. Valerio 769 (Holotype F 681816 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx tacanensis (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 303. 1987. Rondeletia tacanensis Lundell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 603. 1939. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Volcan Tacana West, 2800 m, 30 Mar 1939, E Matuda 2928 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., MEXU, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia tacanensis Lundell IrachnothtMx thiemei (Donn. Sm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia thiemei Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 42: 299. 1906. Type: HONDURAS: Santa Barbara, Rio Chameleon, 400 m, 16 Dec 1888, C. Thieme 5276 (Holotype US 941403 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia thiemei Donn. Sm. Arachnothryx torresii (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 303. 1987. Rondeletia torresii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 163. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Viento Fresco, 1600-1900 m, 13 Feb 1926, P. C. Standley & R. Torres R. 47839 (Holotype US 1305295 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia torresii Standi. trm hnothryx tuxtiensis (Lorence & Cast.- Campos) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35:311. 1989. Rondeletia tuxtiensis Lorence & Cast.- Campos, Biotica 13: 148,y?g. /. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. Mecayapan, Volcan San Martin Pajapan al sur del Ejido La Valentina, 700 m, 8 May 1985, J. I. Cahada 11183 (Holotype XAL; Isotypes F, MEXU, MO (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia tuxtiensis Lorence & Cast.-Campos Arachnothryx uxpanapensis (Lorence & Cast.- Campos) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 311. 1989. Rondeletia uxpanapensis Lorence & Cast.-Campos, Biotica 13: 150, fig. 2. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. Hidalgotitlan, zona de Uxpanapa, Rio Solosuchil a 5-6 km al ESE de Hermanos Cedillo, 100-200 m, 24 Mar 1982, D. Lorence et al. 3909 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes BM, CHAPA, ENCB, MO, NY, PTBG, UC, XAL).— Rondeletia uxpanapensis Lorence & Cast.-Campos Arachnothryx villosa (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 69. 1982. Rondeletia villosa Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 27. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, San Pedro Nolasco, etc., Jurgensen 806 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), K (photo PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntypes: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Trapiche de Concepcion, F. Liebmann 70 (K (photo PTBG); G-DEL, n.v., fragment F); Tabasco, Linden 145 (K (photo PTBG); probably G- DEL, n.v., fragment F, P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Jurgensen 806 was designated lectotype, as it is the more complete specimen with three duplicates.— Rondeletia villosa Hemsl. [rachnothryx vulcanicola (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 303. 1987. Rondeletia vulcanicola Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 291 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, Fmca Pireneos, lower south-facing slopes of Volcan Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache, 1300-1500 m, 31 Dec 1939,7. A. Steyermark 33220 (Holotype F 1041786 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia secundiflora B. L. Rob. Arachnothryx wendtii (Lorence & Cast.- Campos) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 31 1. 1989. Rondeletia wendtii Lorence & Cast.- Campos, Biotica 13: 154, fig. 3. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. Juchitan, Mun. de Sta. Maria Chimalapa, Arroyo Chocolin, Poblacion de Nicolas Bravo, cerca del Rancho de Augustin Montero, 3-4 km al sur de la Poblacion de Rio Alegre (Veracruz), 150 m 2 1 Oct 1983, T. Wendt, A. Montero & I. Almaraz 4244 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes CHAPA, PTBG). — Rondeletia wendtii Lorence & Cast.- Campos Arachnothryx yucatanensis (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 31 1. 1989. Rondeletia yucatanensis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 329. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Chichen Itza, 28 Apr 1950, J. T. Baldwin, Jr. J 4230 (Holotype TEX-LL).— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth Arachnothryx zolleriana (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 303. 1987. Rondeletia zolleriana Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 292. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, between Finca El Porvenir and Loma Corona, 9 mi NW of El Porvenir, southwest-facing slopes of Volcan Tajumulco, 1300-2000 m, 14 Mar 1940, J. A. Steyermark 37738 (Holotype F 1039668 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia brandegeeana Arcytophyllum Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f in Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 5. 1827. Type: Arcytophyllum blaerioides Willd. ex Schult. & Schult. f Arcytophyllum lavarum K. Schum. ex Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 127. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Summit of Chinqui Volcano, 3374 m, 12 Mar 191 1, W. R. Maxon 5349 (Holotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)). Mallostoma lavarum Donn. Sm., Enum. PI. Guatem. 5: 36. 1899, nom. nud. (based on Arcytophyllum lavarum K. Schum., Arcytophyllum muticum (Wedd.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 163. 1928. Hedyotis mutica Wedd., Chloris And. 2: 43, pi 50. 1857. Type: COLOMBIA: "Cundinamarca, Prov. Bogota," Goudots.n. (Lectotype P, n.v.; Isolectotype F, n.v.; designated by Mena V., 1986). Arcytophyllum recurvatum Suess., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 72: 286. 1942. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, "Chirripo Grande, 3450 m," K. Suessenguth 1313 (Holotype B, presumably ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL destroyed). — Arcytophyllum muticum (Wedd.) Standi. Arcytophyllum shannonii (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 128. 1916. Mallostoma shannonii Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 18: 203. 1893. Type: GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango, Chicoy, 9000 ft., Mar 1892, W. C. Shannon s.n. (Holotype US 48603 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 943475).— Hedyotis serpyllacea Schltdl. Asemnantha Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook., Gen. PI. 2: 106. 1873. Type: Asemnantha pubescens Hook. f. Asemnantha pubescens Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2: 106. 1873. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Jul, Linden 1264 bis (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes F (fragment, photo PTBG), P). Augusta Pohl, PI. Bras. Icon. Descr. 2: 1. 1828 (sero)-Feb 1829, nom. cons., not Augusta Leandro, 1821. Type: Augusta lanceolata Pohl, typ. cons. Augusta rivalis (Benth.) J. H. Kirkbr., Brittonia 49: 358. 1997. Lindenia rivalis Benth., PI. Hartweg. 84. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: In rivis, la Vera Paz, T. Hartweg 581 (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MO)). Siphonia. Augusta rivalis (Benth.) J. H. Kirkbr. f. glabra (S. Darwin) J. H. Kirkbr., Brittonia 49: 358. 1997. Lindenia rivalis Benth. f. glabra S. P. Darwin, J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 439. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Chicomucelo [as "Chicomuselo"], 800 m, 14 Jul 1941, E. Matuda 4449 (Holotype US 2087017 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v.).— Augusta rivalis (Benth.) J. H. Kirkbr. Balmea Martinez, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 13: 37. 1942; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69: 438. 1942. Type: Balmea stormae Martinez Balmea stormae Martinez, Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Mexico 13: 37, figs. 1-4. 1942; Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69: 438. 1942. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Palo Verde, Pedregales de Jicalan et San Pedro, near Uruapan, 20 (or 21) Sep 1941, M. Martinez 3400 (Lectotype MEXU; Isolectotypes A, n.v., F, MEXU, US, 3 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)); designated byFosberg, 1974. Basanacantha Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook., Gen. PI. 2: 82. 1873. Type: Not designated. [Herein treated as a synonym of Randia L.] Basanacantha altiscandens Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Janiero 2: 172. 1935. Type: BRAZIL: Amazonas, B. Maguire et al. 29469 (Holotype RB 24415, n.v.; Isotype NY, n.v.). —Randia altiscandens (Ducke) C. M. Taylor Basanacantha echinocarpa (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Bullock, Hook. Ic. PI. 3: t. 3298. 1935. Randia echinocarpa Sesse & Moc ex DC, Prodr. 4: 385. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Fl. Mexic. Ic. 469 (presumably MA, n.v., caique G-DC, n.v., copies MEXU, US). Genipa. —Randia echinocarpa Sesse & Moc. ex DC. Basanacantha grandifolia Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 55: 436. 1913. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Feb 1896, A. Tonduz 9878 (Lectotype US 941393, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US 577282). Syntype: COSTA RICA: Bords du Rio Corozal pres Santo Domingo, Golfo Dulce, Apr 1896, A. Tonduz 9982 (US; F (photos PTBG, MEXU)).— Randia grandifolia (Donn. Sm.) Standi. Basanacantha lasiantha Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 134. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Alajuela, Chagres Valley, 30-100 m, 12-15 May 1911,//. Pittier 3473 (Holotype US 678517 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Randia lasiantha (Standi.) Standi. Basanacantha monantha (Benth.) Hook. f. ex Hemsl., Biol.Centr. Amer. Bot. 2: 39. 1881. Randia monantha Benth., PI. Hartweg. 84: 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: Rio de los Esclavos, T. Hartweg 582 (Holotype K (photos F, MEXU); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (photo MO), BM, P (label states "Mexique," photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Randia monantha Benth. Basanacantha pittieri Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 134. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Gent Junction, pres Matina, Fev 1900, H. Pittier 16036 (Holotype US 578473 (photos K, MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, P (fragment F, photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia pittieri (Standi.) Standi. Basanacantha pringlei S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 98. 1883. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Jimulco, mountains, 9 Apr 1885, C. G. Pringle 142 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., BM, F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MEXU, P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia pringlei (S. Watson) A. Gray Basanacantha reticulata S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 379. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, S. Lorenzo de Laguna, Feb-Oct 1880, E. Palmer 393 (Holotype US 47705 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia pringlei (S. Watson) A. Gray Basanacantha spinosa (Jacq.) K. Schum. var. guatemalensis K. Schum. ex Loes., Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 65: 110. 1923. Type- GUATEMALA: "La Antigua, above Alotengo," E. Seler & C. Seler 2570 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). —Randia armata (Sw.) DC. Basanacantha subcordata Standi., Contr U S Natl. Herb. 18: 133. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Buissons t 5 chemins a Nicoya, May 1900, A. Tonduz 13934 (Holotype US 861251 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, destroyed (fragment F, photos MEXU PTBG), GH, n.v., LE, n.v. (fragment F, photo PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG; fragment F photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia.— Randia monantha Benth. Basanacantha tetracantha (Cav.) Hook. f. in Jacks., Ind. Kew. 277. 1893. Mussaenda tetracantha Cav., Icon. PL 4: 20, pi. 435. 1799. Type: MEXICO: [Probably Guerrero] cerca Acapulco, Nee s.n. (Holotype MA, n v (photos F, MEXU, MO)).— Randia tetracantha (Cav.) DC. Bathysa C. Presl, Bot. Bemerk. 84. 1844. Type: Bathysa stipulata C. Presl Bathysa panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 34. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Ucurganti, 7 Jul 1967, N. Bristan 1187 (Holotype MO 1968219 (photo PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Bathysa veraguensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 40, fig. 9. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Cerro Tute, 1200 m 28 Sep 1972, E. A. Lao & A. Gentry 531 (Holotype MO 2164349 (photo PTBG)). Belicea Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 8: 86. 1942. Type: Belicea hoffmannioides Lundell. [Herein treated as a synonym of Morinda L.] Belicea hoffmannioides Lundell, Contrib. Univ. Michigan Herb. 8: 87. 1942. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Toledo Distr., Swasey Branch, Monkey River, near falls, 7 Mar 1942, P. H. Gentle 3945 (Holotype TEX- LL, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photo PTBG)).— Morinda asperula Standi. Berghesia C. G. D. Nees, Linnaea 20: 701. 1847. Type: Berghesia coccinea C. G. D. Nees. [Genus of uncertain status. According to Nees's protologue description, Berghesia belongs to "tribu Cinchoneae," the capsule is 2-locular, and each locule is 1 -seeded.] Berghesia coccinea C. G. D. Nees, Linnaea 20: 702. 1847. Type: MEXICO, without precise locality, De Berghes s.n. (Holotype possibly LE, M, or GZU, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Bertiera Aubl, Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 180. 1775, as "Berthiera." Type: Bertiera guianensis Aubl. Bertiera aequaliramosa Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 319. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Region of Almirante, Buena Vista Camp on Chiriqui Trail at 1250 ft., Jan-Mar 1928, G. Proctor- Cooper 586 (Holotype NY, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US) —Bertiera guianensis Aubl. A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL i Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 103. 1844. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Bertiera guianensis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 180, pi. 69. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: "prope Aroura," Aublet s.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.). Bertiera guianensis var. leiophylla Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 319. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, vicinity of San Felix, 0-120 m, 17 Dec 191 1, H. Pittier 5178 (Holotype NY, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Bertiera guianensis Aubl. Bertiera oligosperma Wernham, J. Bot. 50: 162. 1912. Type: NICARAGUA: Seemann 129 (Holotype BM, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Bertiera panamensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 180. 1934. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cana and vicinity, 2000-5600 ft., 17 Apr-8 Jun 1908, R. S. Williams 832 (Holotype US 678312 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). — Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyeranum J. H. Kirkbr. Bertiera tenuis Lundell, Wrightia 4: 49. 1968. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Sebol, in high forest about 800 m west of village, bordering arroyo, 15 Apr 1964, E. Contreras 4318 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F).— Bertiera guianensis Aubl. Bertiera viburnoides (Standi.) J. H. Kirkbr., Brittonia 31:311. 1979. Raritebe viburnoides Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 56. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: "Caucas, La Gallera, Mica Valley," Killip 7934 (Holotype US, n.v., fragment F, n.v.; Isotypes G, n.v., Y, n.v.). Blepharidium Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8: 59. 1918. Type: Blepharidium guatemalense Standi. Blepharidium guatemalense Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8: 59. 1918. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, forest along Saclac River, below Secanquim, 300 m, 7 May 1905, H. Pittier 266 (Holotype US 472925 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). um mexicanum Standi.. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 108. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Rvina [Ruina], Palenque, 10-12 Jul 1939, E. Matuda 3670 (Holotype F 101 1462 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Blepharidium guatemalense Standi. Borojoa Cuatrecasas, Ser. Bot. Aplicada, Serv. Devulg., Seer. Agric. Ganad. (Call, Colombia) 2: 474. 1949. (Preprint of Rev. Acad. Colombia Ci. Exact. 7: 474. 1950.) Type: Borojoa patinoi Cuatrecasas. Borojoa atlantica Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 46. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, 2-3 miles up from the Rio Guanche, 10-20 m, 19 Jan 1973, H. Kennedy & R. Foster 2197 (Holotype MO 2163702 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Borojoa panamensis Dwyer, Phytologia 17: 446. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Code, Cerro Pilon, El Valle, 4 Jan 1968, J. A. Duke & B R. Lallathin 15014 (Holotype MO 1968459 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO). Borojoa patinoi Cuatrec, Ser. Bot. Aplicada, Serv. Devulg., Seer. Agric. Ganad. (Cali, Colombia) 2: 474. 1949. (Preprint of Rev. Acad. Colombia Ci. Exact. 7: 474. 1950.) Type: COLOMBIA: Valle, Rio Calima (region del Choco); margen derecha, entre Quebrada de la Brea y La Esperanza, 25 m, 19 May 1946, J. Cuatrecasas 21137 (Holotype F 1251558 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (3 sheets), US (photo PTBG)). Borreria G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 79, t. I. 1818. Type: Borreria suaveolens G. Mey., excl. ref Browne Jam. 141, no. 4, nom. et typ. cons. [Herein treated as a synonym of Spermacoce L. In cases where generic transfers have not yet been published, the correct genus is given in boldface type.] Borreria arenicola Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 417. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, in sandy arroyo near Jalisco, Aug 1923, C. A. Purpus 8968 (Holotype UC 220266, n.v.).— Spermacoce densiflora (DC.) Alain Borreria aspera M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 130. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Juquila, 4000 ft., H. Galeotti 2625 (Holotype BR, n.v.). — Spermacoce suaveolens (G. May.) Kuntze Borreria asperifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 409. 1910. Spermacoce asperifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 1 1: 132. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, pres de 1' Ocean Pacifique, H. Galeotti 2626 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v. (photo MO)).— Staelia scabra (C. Presl) Standi. Borreria assurgens (Ruiz & Pav.) Griseb., Abh. Kdnigl. Ges. Wissensch. Gottingen 19: 159. 1874. Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peru 1: 60, t. 92b. 1798. Type: PERU: Habitat in ruderalis Limae Chancay et Huanuci, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (syntype MA, n.v. (photo MO)); Plukenet Aim. 33, tab. 136/4 (syntype, n.v.).— Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. Borreria auriculata Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 417. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, meadows near Jalisco, Aug 1923, C A. Purpus 9218 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Crusea psyllioides (Kunth) W. R. Anderson Borreria bartlingiana DC, Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n, (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). — Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Borreria chiapensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 417. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Hacienda Monserrate, Sep 1923, C. A. Purpus 9216 (Holotype UC 223384, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Crusea setosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standi. & Steyerm. Borreria densiflora DC, Prodr. 4: 542. 1830. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality, Swartzs.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 542.3)).— Spermacoce densiflora (DC) Borreria distans (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 340. 1828. Spermacoce distans Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 344. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Volcan de Jorullo, 3000 ft., Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photo MO)).— Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum., vel sp. aff. Borreria exilis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 28: 227. 1974. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, Wafer Bay, 28 June 1932, J. T. Howell 10178 (Holotype F 1031 197 (photo PTBG)). Nom. nov. for Borreria gracilis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 487. 1973. —Spermacoce exilis (L. O. Williams) C D. Borreria fruticosa Standi., J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 42. 1930. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, Vicinity of Siguatepec, 1080-1400 m., 14-27 Feb 1928, P. C. Standley 56240 (Holotype F 581434 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Spermacoce Borreria fruticosti Standi, var. puhcscois Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 165. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: El Paraiso, 2 miles W of Guinope, 1400 m, 16 Aug 1946, L. O. Williams & A. Molina R. 10315 (Holotype US 1206971 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Spermacoce Borreria gracilis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 487. 1973. Not Borreria gracilis Scheele, 1843, nor Miq. ex Hook., 1855. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, Wafer Bay, 28 Jun 1932, J. T. Howell 10178 (Holotype F 1031197 (photo PTBG)).— Spermacoce exilis (L. O. Williams) C D. Adams Borreria graminifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 1 1: 129. 1844. Type: MEXICO: El Sabino, pres de Zimapan, 6500 pieds, H. Galeotti 2599 (Holotype BR, n.v.). — Spermacoce verticillata L. Borreria haenkeana DC, Prodr. 4: 547. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality or collector, presumably Haenke (G-DEL, n.v. (photo MO)).— Borreria suaveolens G. Mey. Borreria heterophylla Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 418. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, in sandy arroyo near Jalisco, Aug 1923, C. A. Purpus 8969 (Holotype UC 220267, n.v.).— Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. S. NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Borreria laevigata M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 130. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Vallee de Morelia (Valladolid de Michoacan), or Mexico, la plaine de Jordana, pres Toluca, 8000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2586 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v. (photo MO)).— Spermacoce verticillata L. Borreria laevis (Lam.) Griseb., Abh. Kon. Gewiss. Gottmgen 7: 231.1857. Spermacoce laevis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. et Meth. Bot. 1: 273., n. 1435. 1791. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: Without precise locality, Martin s.n. (Holotype P-LA, n.v.). — Spermacoce tenuior L. Note: Although Borreria laevis sensu Griseb. equals Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav., the type of the basionym, Spermacoce laevis Lam., equals the type of Spermacoce tenuior L. Borreria latifolia (Aubl.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 61., t. 80. 1888. Spermacoce latifolia Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiana 55. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, Aublet s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.; Isotype MA, n.v. (photo MO)).— Spermacoce latifolia Aubl. Borreria longiseta M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 128. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Zacuapan et Mirador [label on isotype at P states "cordilleres pres de Vera Cruz, 1000 pieds"], H. Galeotti 2611 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes K, n.v., P)). — Status uncertain. According to C. D. Adams (pers. comm. 1996) the description does not agree with the type, which actually represents a specimen Borreria malacophylla Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 165. 1950, nom. illeg., not Borreris malacophylla K. Schum., 1903. Type: HONDURAS: El Paraiso, near Galera, moist thicket, 900 m, Nov-Dec 1943, P. C. Standley 15584 (Holotype US 2215979 (photos MEXU, NY, PTBG); Isotype F). — Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. Borreria nesiotica B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 409. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Socorro Island (Revillagigedo Group), 1897, A. W. Anthony s.n. (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Spermacoce nesiotica (B. L. Rob.) G. A. Borreria oaxacana M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 130. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, pres de la ville d'Oaxaca, 5000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2629 (Holotype BR, n.v.).— Spermacoce verticillata L. Borreria ocymoides (Burm.f.) DC, Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Type: Tropical Asia, collector unknown, (Holotype presumably G, n.v.). Spermacoce ocymoides Burm.f, Fl. Ind. 34. 1768. This name has been erroneously applied by many authors to tropical American taxa of Spermacoce with small leaves and flowers, including S. exilis, S. ovalifolia, and S. pros (rata. Borreria ovalifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 129. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, 5000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2606 (Holotype BR, n.v.). —Spermacoce ovalifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. Borreria patula M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 128. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, 3000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2608 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype K, n.v). — Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. Borreria podocephala DC, Prodr. 4: 542. 1840. Type: MEXICO or CUBA: Without precise locality or collector, based on living material (IDC 800.7 19.11. 1 (photo MO)). —Spermacoce verticillata L. Borreria procera Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 593. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Hacienda de la Laguna, Schiede & Deppe 250 (Holotype HAL, n.v.). — Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze Borreria pumilio Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 342. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Code, Nata, ca. 50 m, 12 Sep 1938, P. H. Allen 822 (Holotype MO 1808165 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., US (photo PTBG)).— Spermacoce Borreria radicosa Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 416. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Purpus 9223 (Holotype UC 223392, n.v.; (DC.) Borreria rhadinophylla B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 409. 1910. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): On dry sandy pine ridges, 23 Oct 1905, M. E. Peck 180 (Holotype GH, n.v.). — Mitracarpus rhadinophyllus (B. L. Rob.) L. O. Williams Borreria scabiosoides Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3:318. 1828. Type: BRAZIL: Rio de Janeiro, Sellow s.n. (presumably B, destroyed?).— Spermacoce scabiosoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze Borreria setosa M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 131. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, dans les forets de palmiers et sur les dunes de la cote d'Oaxaca, baignee par 1 'Ocean Pacifique, pres du Rancho du Rio Grande, Sep 1839, H. Galeotti 2627 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v. (photo MO)).— Crusea setosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standi. & Steyerm. Borreria suaveolens G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81.,/?/. /. 1818. Type: SURINAM: In arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkreck, G Meyer s.n. (Holotype GOET, n.v.).— Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze Borreria subulata DC. Prodr. 4: 543. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, 3 Sep 1827, Berlandier 826 (Lectotype G-DEL, n.v. (photos MO, US), B (specimen annotated by de Candolle but not cited in protologue); Isolectotype BM, n.v.; designated by Anderson, 1972). Crusea.— Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W. R. Anderson Borreria tampicana DC, Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Tamaulipas, Tampico, 1827, Berlandier 37 bis (Holotype G-DC, n.v! (photo MO); Isotype BM, n.v.). —Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. Borreria tenella (Kunth) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 317. 1828. Spermacoce tenella Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. & Sp. 3: 345. 1820. Type: Locality unknown, Humboldt s.n. (Holotype B-W, n.v. (photo MO)) —Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Borreria tonalensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 191. 1915. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Sierra de Tonala, C. A. Purpus 7369 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotype GH, n.v.). Borreria vegeta Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 23: 21. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Jutiapa, between Jutiapa and La Burrera, NE of Jutiapa, 800-850 m, 1 Nov 1940, P. C. Standley 76007 (Holotype F 1091300 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Spermacoce Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 83. 1818. Spermacoce verticillata L., Sp. PI. 102. 1753. Type: JAMAICA: Hort. Cliff. 33: (BM, n.v.).— Spermacoce verticillata L. Borreria verticillata (L.) G. Mey. var. thymiformis B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 410. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, 18 miles SW of city of Oaxaca, 7000-8000 ft., 10-20 Sep 1894, E. W. Nelson 1410 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US 574465 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Spermacoce verticillata L. Bouvardia Salisb., Parad. Lond.pl. 88. 1807. Type: Bouvardia tnphylla Salisb. Bouvardia alexanderae A. Carter, Madrono 13: 142, figs. 1, 2. 1955. Type: MEXICO: Baja California: Distr. del Sur, Arroyo del Salto, E of La Paz, 30 Mar 1949, A. Carter 2577 (Holotype UC 985926, n.v.; Isotypes F, MEXU, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Carterella.— Hedyotis alexanderae (A. Carter) W. H. Lewis Bouvardia angustifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 384. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Moran (?), A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photo MO); Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia bicolor Kunze, Linnaea 20: 24. 1847. Type: Based on plants grown from Mexican seed (the description is taken as the type; designated by Blackwell, 1968).— Bouvardia .) Schult. & Schult. f. tor of Mexican and Central / Bouvardia bouvardioides (Seem.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 102. 1921. Hedyotis bouvardioides Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 296. 1856. Type: MEXICO: NW Mexico [Durango], Sierra Madre, Seemann s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.: Isotypes C, n.v., fragment F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.). Bouvardia capitata Bullock, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 3296. 1935. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Distr. Temascaltepec, Palmar, barranca, 7 Jul 1934, G B. Hinton 6319 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., F (photo PTBG)). Bouvardia cataphyllaris Bullock, Hook. Ic. PI. t. 3297. 1935. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Distr. Temascaltepec, Temascaltepec, 1780 m, 28 Jul 1932, G. B. Hinton J 131 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., F (photo PTBG), G, n.v., GH, n.v., MICH, n.v., MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Bouvardia chrysantha Mart. Bouvardia cavanillesii DC, Prodr. 4: 366. 1830. Nom. superfl., based on Aeginetia multiflora Cav— Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia chrvsantha Mart., Del. Hort. Monac. Sem. 1848. 4. 1848. Type: MEXICO: [Hidalgo], near Santiaguillo, Karwinsky s.n. (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.). Bouvardia conzattii Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39: 92. 1903. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, San Felipe, 1750 m, Jul-Aug 1900, C. Conzatti & V. Gonzales 1067 [published as "1076"] (Holotype GH, n.v.). Bouvardia cordifolia DC, Prodr. 4: 366. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v.; Fl. Mexic. Ic. G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)). Bouvardia corymbosa Oerst, Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren Kjobenhavn 1852: 46. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Without precise locality, Oersted 11039 (Holotype C, n.v.). —Bouvardia leiantha Benth. Bouvardia deamii Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 49: 445. 1910. GUATEMALA: Fiscal, Rillo de las Nabajas, 3700 ft., 5 Jun 1909, C. C. Deam 6190 (Holotype US 579579 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photo PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx. — Rondeletia deamii (Donn. Sm.) Standi. Bouvardia dictyoneura Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Chicharras, 3000-6000 ft., 6 Feb 1896, E. W. Nelson 3757 (Holotype US 256554 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v). Bouvardia discolor Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 428. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, inter Tehuantepec et Voca [Boca] del Monte in dit. Oaxaca maxime australis, Sept., G. Andrieux 334 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Not Rondeletia discolor Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, 1820— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth Bouwrdia dolichaniha Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 65: 106. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Distr. Nenton, near Uaxackanal and toward Quen Santo, 1 100 m, 9 Jul 1 896, E. Seler & C. Seler 2883 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO); Lectotype US 1205579 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes F (fragment), GH, n.v.; designated by Blackwell, 1968). —Bouvardia glabra Pol. Bouvardia endlichii Loes., Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 357. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Durango, Endlich 176a (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US)).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia erecta (DC.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 1 10. 1921. Catesbaea erecta DC, Prodr. 4: 401. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Sesse & Mocino 560 (Holotype MA, n.v.; probable Isotype F (photo PTBG); Fl. Mexic. Ic, MA (photo MO)). Bouvardia flava Decne., Fl. Serres 1:215,/?/. 38. 1845. Type: Based on a greenhouse- grown plant (protologue illustration is the type; designated by Blackwell, 1968). —Bouvardia laevis M. Martens & Galeotti Bouvardia flos-joannis K. Schum., Bull. Herb. Boissier3: 621. 1895. Type: MEXICO: Prope Puebla, Jul, E. Seler & C. Seler 846 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed; Isotype GH, n.v.). —Bouvardia erecta (DC) Standi. Bouvardia flos-joannis K. Schum. var. latifolia Loes., Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 358. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, N of Tehuacan, 1725 m, Endlich 1966 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed).— Bouvardia erecta (DC.) Standi. Bouvardia glaberrima Engelmann in Wisl., Mem. Tour. N. Mex. 106. 1848. Type: MEXICO: Cosihuiriachi, Wislizenus 161 (Holotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). — Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia glabra Pol., Linnaea41: 565. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Aug 1875, Polakowsky 337 (Holotype B, destroyed (photos F, G, MO, US); Lectotype F (photo PTBG), fragment of holotype; designated by Blackwell, 1968). Bouvardia glabra Pol. var. gracilis Pol., Linnaea 41: 566. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, cultivated, Jun 1875, Polakowsky 1 72 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO)).— Bouvardia glabra Pol. Bouvardia glabra Pol. var. obtusa Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 65: 106. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, near Almolonga, E. Seler & C. Seler 2920 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). —Bouvardia glabra Pol. Bouvardia gracilipes B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 404. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, Tepic, 5 Jan-6 Feb 1892, E. Palmer 1971 (Holotype GH, n.v; Isotypes F, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Bouvardia gracilis A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 306. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, shade of cliffs, Mapula Mtns., 23 Aug 1887, C G. Pringle 1255 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MEXU). —Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia heterophylla Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921. Type: GUATEMALA: Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa, 1000 m, May 1892, Heyde & Lux 3137 (Holotype US 398167 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). —Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Bouvardia hintonii Bullock, Kew Bull. 1937: 307. 1937 [published as "hinton!"]. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Distr. Temascaltepec, Nanchititla, barranca, 27 Jul 1935, G. B. Hinton et al. 8107 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes . F. G. . GH. MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, MO), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Bouvardia loeseneriana Standi. Bouvardia hintoniorum B. L. Turner, Brittonia 38: 111 Jig. 1. 1986. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, ca. 42.5 miles SW of Mexico Highway 95 along Milpillas-Atoyac road via Puerto del Gallo, 1 1.5 miles SW of Filo de Caballo and 6.3 miles SW of Carrazal de Bravo, ca. 8500 ft., 16 Oct 1975, J. L. Reveal et al. 4232 (Holotype TEX, n.v.; Isotypes MEXU, MO (photo PTBG)). Bouvardia hirtella Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 384. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photos F, MO, US)).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia houtteana Schltdl. ex Planch., Fl. Serres 10: 149, /. 55. 1855. Type: The protologue illustration; designated by Blackwell, 1968.— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia hypoleuca Benth., PI. Hartw. 288. 1848. Type: MEXICO: Ad Aguas Calientes, 1837, T. Hartweg J 605 (Holotype K, n.v.). —Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia induta (B. L. Rob.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921. Bouvardia longijlora var. induta B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 404. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Jun-Jul 1864-70, Ghiesbreght s.n. (Holotype GH, middle collection, n.v.).— Bouvardia glabra Pol. Bouvardia jacquinii Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 385. 1820. Norn. superfl., based on Ixora americana Jacq. —Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia jacquinii Kunth var. exogyna DC, Prodr. 4: 365. 1830. Type: Based on a plant grown in Salm-Dyck's garden (Holotype G- DC, n.v.).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Bouvardia jacquinii Kunth var. ovata DC, Prodr. 4: 365. 1830. Norn, superfl., based on Bouvardia triphylla Salsib. — Bouvardia ) Schltdl. i Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 155. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Tamaulipas, between Victoria and Rio Blanco, Karwinsky 312 (Holotype LE, n.v., fragment F). Bouvardia laevis M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 236. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, au bord des ravins de la colonie de Zacuapan, 3000 pieds, Apr 1840, H. Galeotti 2600 (Holotype BR, n.v. (fragment F); Isotype P (photos F, MO, US)). Bouvardia langlassei Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 1 10. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Yestla [Yextla], 1500 m, 8 Jun 1899, E. Langlasse 1049 (Holotype US 386252 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, n.v., F (fragment), G, n.v., GH, n.v., P, n.v.). Bouvardia latifolia Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 1 1 1. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Mont de la Piedra, pres Aguila, 450 m, 16 Jul 1898, E Langlasse 246 (Holotype US 385804 (photos MEXU, PTBG; fragment F); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (fragment F), GH, n.v., P, n.v.).— Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia leiantha Benth., PI. Hartw. 85. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: In arvis prope TejaretChimaltenango, Jul-Aug 1841, T. Hartweg 583 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (photo MO), GH, n.v., P, n.v., W, n.v.). Bouvardia linearis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 383. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photos F, MO, US)).-Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia loeseneriana Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11: 186. 1936. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Texquitzin, near Chilapa, 28 Oct 1829, L. Schultze 89 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo F), fragment F (photo PTBG)). Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 386. 1820. Aeginetia longiflora Cav., Anal. Ci. Nat. 3: 130, t. 28, f. 1. 1801. Type: MEXICO: Between Queretaro and Guanajuato, collector unknown (Holotype MA, n.v.). Anotis. Bouvardia longiflora var. induta B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 404. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, without precise locality, Jun- Jul 1864-70, Ghiesbreght s.n. (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Bouvardia glabra Pol. Bouvardia longiflora var. latifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Bruxelles 1 1 : 236. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, montagnes de Calpulalpan, 7000-8000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2659 (Holotype BR, n.v.).— Bouvardia longiflora (Cav.) Kunth Bouvardia macdougallii Lorence, Novon 4: 1 \9,fig 1. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cerro Atravesada-Cerro Azul, "Arroyo Rana," Dec 1956, T. MacDougall s.n. (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG)). Bouvardia macilenta S. F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. 53: 65. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Miahuatlan, Cerro El Zopilote, 2100 m, 18 May 1917, C. Conzatti & B. Reko 3288 (Holotype GH, n.v.). — Bouvardia chrysantha Mart. Bouvardia macrantha Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, Tlacuiloltepec, 7000-8000 ft., Jul 1909, C. A. Purpus 3981 (Holotype US 841341 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes BM, n.v., F, GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), UC, n.v.). —Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia matudae Lundell, Lloydia 2: 105. 1939. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, Feb 1939, E. Matuda 2667 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Bouvardia dictyoneura Standi. Bouvardia microphylla Schltdl., Linnaea 26: 112. 1853. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Schiede s.n. (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). — Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia mollis Linden in SchltdL, Linnaea 26: 85. 1853. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality or collector, herb. Lipsky (presumably LE, n.v.). — Bouvardia laevis M. Martens & Galeotti Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f., Mant. Syst. Veg. 3: 118. 1827. Aeginetia multiflora Cav., Anal. Ci. Nat. 3: 131, t. 28, f. 2. 1801; Icon. 6: 52, t. 572, f. 2. 1801. Type: MEXICO: Queretaro, Nee s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v. (photo MO)). Bouvardia myrtifolia SchltdL, Linnaea 26: 121 1853. Type: MEXICO: Hacienda de Cocoyotle, Schiedes.n. (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). — Bouvardia chrysantha Mart. Bouvardia nubigena Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 382. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Jutiapa, Volcan de Suchitan, NW of Asuncion Mita, 2050 m, 18 Nov 1939, J. A. Steyermark 31901 (Holotype F 1043221 (photos F, PTBG)).— Bouvardia laevis M. Martens & Galeotti Bouvardia oaxacana Standi., J. Wash. Acad Arts 13: 7. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. Juquila, de Santa Cruz al Aguacate, 500 m, 24 Dec 1921, C. Conzatti 4513 (Holotype US 1 1 10842 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Bouvardia obovata Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 385. 1820. Type- MEXICO: Distr. Federal, entre Chapultepec et Tezcoco, Jun 1803-04, A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype presumably P-Bonpland, n.v.). Bouvardia onzahcnsis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 334. 1931. Type- MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, 1854, M. Botteri 604 (Holotype P, n.v. (fragment F); Isotype G, n.v.).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) SchltdL Bouvardia ovata A. Gray, PL Wright 5- 67 1853. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, mountain valley from San Pedro to Santa Cruz, Sep 1 85 1 , C. Wright 1117 (Holotype GH,nv Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG) US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Bouvardia i (Cav.) SchltdL Bouvardia pachecoana Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 22. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, Barranco Eminencia, road between San Marcos and San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta, 2500-2700 m, 6 Feb 1941, P. C. Standley 86226 (Holotype F 1093896 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Bouvardia dictyoneura Standi. Bouvardia pallida Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 102. 1921. Type: EL SALVADOR: Volcan de San Salvador, 1600-1800 m, 7 Apr 1922, P. C. Standley 22977 (Holotype US 1 138686 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). —Bouvardia bouvardioides (Seem.) Standi. Bouvardia purpusii Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 415. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Hacienda Monserrate, Sep 1923, C. A. Purpus 9251 (Holotype UC 223423, n.v.; Isotypes F, GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Bouvardia induta (B. L. Rob.) Standi. Bouvardia quaternifolia DC, Prodr. 4: 365. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Circa urbem Mexici, Alaman s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v.). —Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) SchltdL Bouvardia quinqueflora Dehnh. in SchltdL, Linnaea 26: 92. 1853. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality or collector (location unknown).— Bouvardia chrysantha Mart. Bouvardia quinquenervata Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 108. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, San Bartolome, 22 Mar 1904, E. A. Goldman 769 (Holotype US 470574 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Bouvardia rekoi Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 108. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cafetal Montecristo (Cerro Espino), 1000 m, 7 Dec 1917, B. P. Reko 3650 (Holotype US 867149 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Bouvardia rosea SchltdL, Linnaea 26: 116. 1853. Type: MEXICO: Guanajuato, 22 miles west of Xichu, road from Xichu to San Luis de la Paz, 2300 m, 14 Jun 1957, R. McVaugh 14819 (Neotype MICH, n.v.; designated by Blackwell, 1968). Bouvardia rosei Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 109. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Durango, Sierra A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Madre, 16 Aug 1897, J. N. Rose 3516 (Holotype US 302493 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Bouvardia rzedowskii Terrell & S. D. Koch, Novon4: 179, fig. 1. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, ladera caliza con vegetacion de encinar, 2300 m, 6 km al SW de Tamazulapan, sobre la carretera a Chilapa, 12 Aug 1977, /. Rzedowski 35142 (Holotype ENCB; Isotypes ARIZ, n.v., ASU, n.v., MICH, n.v., XAL). Bouvardia salvadorensis Steyerm., Ceiba 4: 302. 1955. Type: EL SALVADOR: Sonsonante, Rio Acachapa near headquarters of Hacienda Las Tablas, Balsam Range, 570 m, May 1941, J. M. Tucker 1368 (Holotype F 1492726 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MICH, n.v., UC, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia scabra Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 427. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, between San Bias and Tepic, Sinclair s.n. (Holotype K, n.v.). Bouvardia scabrida M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 237. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, ravin de Yavezia, cordillere orientale, 6000-7000 pieds, Dec 1840, H. Galeotti 2624 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v. (photo MO)).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia schiedeana Schltdl., Linnaea 26: 123. 1853. Type: MEXICO: Barranca de Tioselo, Aug, Schiedes.n. (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). — Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia splendens J. Graham, Bot. Mag. pi. 3781. 1840. Type: Based on greenhouse- grown plants (Holotype K, n.v.). — Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia standleyana W. H. Blackw., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 13. 1968. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Coalcoman, S Naranjillo, 1360 m, 26 Nov 1938, G. B. Hinton et al. 12677 (Holotype US 2020693 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes K, n.v., MICH, n.v., UC, n.v.). Bouvardia steyermarkii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 383. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Zacapa, Sierra de las Minas, between Rio Hondo and Finca Alejandna, 1700-2000 m, 1 1 Oct 1939, J. A. Steyermark 29671 (Holotype F 1043386 (photos F, PTBG)).— Bouvardia dolichantha Loes. Bouvardia strigosa Benth., PI. Hartweg. 75. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, [Volcan] Zunil, Nov., T. Hartweg 530 (Lectotype K (photo PTBG), here designated; Isolectotypes G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG), W, n.v. (photos F, MO)). Syntype: GUATEMALA: Volcan de Fuego, 6000-6400 ft., Salvin s.n. (K (photo PTBG),fragment F). Rogiera.— Rondeletia strigosa (Benth.) Hemsl. Bouvardia subcordata Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 105. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Sinaloa, near Colomas, 13 Jul 1897,7. N. Rose 1628 (Holotype US 300476 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Bouvardia tenuiflora Schltdl., Linnaea 26: 97. 1853. Type: Based on living plants in cultivation (B, presumably destroyed). —Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia tenuifolia Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 104. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, grassy hillsides near Guadalajara, Oct 1889, C. G. Pringle 2292 (Holotype US 49988 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., BM, n.v., BR, n.v., F, G, n.v., LE, n.v., M, n.v., MICH, n.v., MO, MSC, n.v., P, n.v., US, n.v., W, Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl., Linnaea 26: 98. 1853. Ixora ternifolia Cav., Ic. 4: 3, t. 305. 1797. Lectotype: Protologue illustration of Ixora ternifolia Cav., Ic. 4: 3, /. 305. 1797 (based on a plant grown at MA from Mexican seed; designated by Blackwell, 1968). Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. var. angustifolia (Kunth) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 45: 405. 1910. Bouvardia angustifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 384. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Moran (?), A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photo MO); Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia tolucana Hook. & Am., Bot. Beechey Voy. 427. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Toluca, Andrieux 332 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype W, n.v.).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Bouvardia triflora Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 386. 1820. Type: MEXICO: In temperatis, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (fragment P, n.v.)). Houstonia.— Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia triflora Kunth var. hirsuta M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Bruxelles 11: 236. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, cordillere orientale, dans les montagnes du Rincon, 5000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2658 bis (Holotype BR, n.v.).— Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult. & Schult. f. Bouvardia triphylla Salisb., Parad. Lond.,p/. 88. 1807. Norn, superfl., based on Ixora U rnij Cav— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl Bouvardia venosissima Lundell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 602. 1939. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Tacana, 1400 m, 17-23 Mar 1939, E. Matuda 2748 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotype MEXU).— Bouvardia dictvoneura Standi. Bouvardia versicolor Ker Gawl., Bot. Reg. 3: pi. 245. 1817. Type: Based on a greenhouse- grown plant (the protologue illustration is taken as the type; designated by Blackwell, 1968).— Bouvardia multiflora (Cav > Schult & Schult. f. Bouvardia versicolor Ker Gawl. var. graciliflora A. Gray in S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 22: 416. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Rio Blanco, E. Palmer 154 (Syntype GH, n.v.)- Tequila, E. Palmer 369 (Syntype GH, n.v.)- Chapala, E. Palmer 708 (Syntype GH, n.v.) —Bouvardia multiflora (Cav.) Schult & Schult. f. Bouvardia villosa Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 107 1921. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Alturas de Matatlan, 1800 m, C. Conzatti 1486 (Holotype US 764094 (photos MEXU PTBG)); Isotypes G-DEL, n.v., fragment F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.).— Bouvardia xylosteoides Hook. & Am. Bouvardia viminalis Schltdl., Linnaea 26: 120. 1854. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Monte Alban, 6000 ft., 4 Sep 1894, C. G. Pringle 4888 (Neotype MO 174074 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isoneotypes BM, n.v., BR, n.v., F, GH, n.v., M, n.v., MEXU, 2 sheets, MSC, n.v., P, n.v., UC, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG), W, n.v.; designated by Blackwell, 1968). Bouvardia violacea Rzed., Ciencia (Mexico) 19: 82. 1959. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, J. Rzedowski 7680 (Holotype MEXU; Isotype ENCB).— Bouvardia rosea Schltdl. Bouvardia xestosperma (B. L. Rob. & Greenm.) Terrell & S. D. Koch, Novon 4: 181. 1994. Oldenlandia xestosperma B. L. Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 41. 1896. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, open glades, Sierra de San Felipe, 8000 ft., Jun 1894, C. G. Pringle 4692 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotypes BM, n.v., CM, n.v., F, K, n.v., MEXU, 2 sheets, MICH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), MSC, n.v., PH, n.v., US, 2 sheets, VT, n.v.; designated by Terrell, 1980). Bouvardia xylosteoides Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 428. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, on slightly elevated mountains about Mitlam [Mitla], Andrieux 335 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype G-DEL, n.v., fragment F). Buena Cav., Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 2: 278, /. 23. 1800. Type: Buena panamensis Cav. Not Buena Pohl, 1826. [Herein treated as a synonym of Gonzalagunia Ruiz & Pavon.] Buena panamensis Cav., Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 2: 279. 1800. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Nee s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v.; Isotype F (photo PTBG)). Gonzalea.— Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) K. Schum. Buena skinneri Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 48. 1853. TYPE: NICARAGUA: Masaya, toppen af Vulkanen Masaya, 2000-3000 ft., Oersted 11134 (Syntypes C, n.v. (photos A, F), US); \. NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Oersted 11695 (Syntype C, n.v.). — Cosmibuena grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby Calderonia Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 290. 1923. Type: Calderonia salvadorensis Standi. [Herein treated as a synonym of Simira Aubl.] Calderonia klugei Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 6. 1925. Type: PANAMA: Panama, near Chepo, 1924, H. C Kluge 19 (Holotype US 1206424 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sickingia. — Simira klugei (Standi.) Steyerm. Calderonia salvadorensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 290. 1923. Type: EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, Jul 1922, S. Calderon 761 (Holotype US 1 151718 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sickingia.— Simira salvadorensis (Standi.) Steyerm. Callicocca Schreb., Gen. 126. 1789. Type not designated. [Herein treated as a synonym of Psycho tria L.] Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 6: 137. 1802. Type: BRAZIL: Without precise locality, Gomez s.n. (presumably LISU, n.v.). Cephaelis. — Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes Calycophyllum DC, Prodr. 4: 367. 1830. (Vahl) DC. (Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl). Calycophyllum candidissumum (Vahl) DC, Prodr. 4: 367. 1830. Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. 2: 38./?/. 30. 1791. Type: TRINIDAD: Vicinia St. Martha von Rohr s. n. (Holotype C, i Campylobotrys Lem., Fl. Serres 3: Misc. 37 (ad 260). 1847. Type: Campylobotrys discolor Lem. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hoffmannidi Sw.] Campylobotrys argyroneura Lindl., Belg. Hortic. 8: 166. 1858. Type: Based on cultivated material collected by Ghiesbreght in Chiapas, Mexico, type not designated, a discolor (Lem.) Hemsl. H. Galeotti, type not designated. — Hoffmannia discolor (Lem.) Hemsl. / Hook., Bot. Mag. t. 4530. 1850. Not Campylobotrys discolor Lem. 1847. Type: Based on cultivated material received from Paris, said to be from Bahia, Brazil, but most likely from Mexico, type not designated. Later published by Hooker under the new name Higginsia regalis Hook, f., Bot. Mag. /. 5280. 1861. — Hoffmannia regalis (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Campylobotrys ghiesbreghtii Lem., 111. Hortic. 8: pi 279. 1861. Type: Based on living material collected in Mexico by Ghiesbreght. ghiesbreghtii (Lem.) Hemsl. Campylobotr n, Cat. 16: 2. (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Carterella Terrell, Brittonia 39: 249. 1987. Type: Carterella alexanderae (A. Carter) Terrell. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hedyotis L.] Carterella alexanderae (A. Carter) Terrell, Brittonia 39: 250. 1987. Bouvardia alexanderae A. Carter, Madrono 13: 1 42, fig. 1, 2. 1955. Type: MEXICO: Baja California Sur: Arroyo del Salto, E of La Paz, 24° 12'N, 1 10°7.5'E, 30 Mar 1949, A. Carter 2577 (Holotype UC 985926, n.v.; Isotype US (photo PTBG)).— Hedyotis alexanderae (A. Carter) W. H. Lewis Casasia A. Rich in Sagra, Cuba 1 1: 9, t. 49. 1850. Type: Casasia calophylla A. Rich. Casasia chiapensis Miranda, Ceiba 4: 142. 1954. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Rancho el Ocote, 30 km al NW de Ocozocuautla, 650 m, 21 May 1950, F. Miranda 7743 (Lectotype MEXU; designated by Lorence & Dwyer, 1987). Syntype: MEXICO: Chiapas, F. Miranda 6624 (F). — Randia matudae Lorence & Dwyer Cascanlla (Endl.) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 10: 10. 1848. Not Adanson 1763. Type not designated. (Based on Cinchona sect. Cascarilla Endl.) Cascarilla bullata Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot. ser. 3, 10: 1 1. 1848. Type: PERU: Puuo, Prov. de Carabaya, Jan-Feb 1847, Weddel 4358 (Holotype P-Ju, n.v.; Isotypes G, n.v., K, n.v.) Dwyer (1980) erroneously recorded this species from Panama, although it is actually endemic to the southern Andes (L. Andersson, pers. coram. 1996) — Ladenbergia bullata (Wedd.) Standi. Cassupa Humb. & Bonpl., PI. Aequin. 1: 43, t 12. 1806. Type: Cassupa verrucosa Humb. & Bonpl. [Herein treated as a synonym oflsertia Schreb.] Cassupa panamensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 135. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, along the Rio Fato, 10-100 m, Jul-Aug 1911, H. Phtier 3889 (Holotype US 678965 (photo' PTBG); Isotype US).— Isertia laevis (Tnana) B. M. Boom Catesbaea L., Sp. PL 1: 109. 1753. Type: Catesbaea spinosa L. Catesbaea erecta DC, Prodr. 4: 401. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Sesse & Mocitio s.n. (presumably MA, n.v., fragment F); Fl. Mexic. Ic. (G-DC, n.v.)). — Bouvardia erecta (DC.) StandL Cephaelis Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 3: 45. 1788 (nom. cons). Type: Cephaelis muscosa (Jacq.) Sw., type cons. [Herein treated as a synonym of Psychotria L.] Cephaelis axillaris Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind Occ 3- 45: 1788. Type: St. Christopher [St. Kitts], Swartzs.n. (Holotype presumably S, n.v.). Not Psychotria axillaris Willd. 1798. Evea, Tapogomea.—F&ychotri* aubletiana Steyerm. Cephaelis borucana A. R. Molina, Ceiba 4- 31 1951. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, forest near Esquinas Experimental Station, area between Rio Esquinas and Rio Palmar Sur de Osa, 200 ft., 22 May 1950, P. H. Allen 5540 (Holotype US 2215926 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria borucana (A. R. Molina) C. M. Taylor & W. C. Burger Cephaelis bristanii Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 34. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Pirre, Bristan 575 (Holotype MO 1961544)).— Psychotria polyphobia J. D. Sm. Cephaelis camponutans Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 35. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Cerro Jefe, Dwyer & Gauger 7346 (Holotype MO).— Psychotria camponutans (Dwyer & Hayden) Hammel Cephaelis chiapensis (Standi.) StandL, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 295. 1929. Evea chiapensis StandL, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1392. 1926. Not Psychotria chiapensis Standi., 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, Sep 1913, C. A. Purpus 6928 (Holotype US 567214 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria molinarum Lorence Cephaelis chiriquiensis StandL, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 469. 1941. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, vicinity of Bajo Chorro, 1900 m, 20-22 Jul 1940, R. E. Woodson, Jr. & R W. Schery 610 (Holotype MO 1209028 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.). —Psychotria chiriquiensis (Standi.) C. M. Taylor Cephaelis chlorochlamys Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1278. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, La Hondura de San Jose, 15 Aug 1933, J. Valerio 704 (Holotype F 681815 (photo PTBG)). —Psychotria hazenii Standi. Cephaelis correae Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 36. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Code, mountains N of El Valle de Anton, 2500-3000 ft., 28 May 1967, W. H. Lewis, B. MacBryde, R. L. Oliver & J. E. Ridgway 1 759 (Holotype MO 1887361 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., US, n.v., UC, n.v.).-P S ychotria correae (Dwyer & Hayden) C. M. Taylor A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN A ) Central American Rubiaceae ostaricensis Schltdl., Linnaea 28: 546. 1856. Type: COSTA RICA: Type not designated.— Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel Cephaelis croatii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 64. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, upper gold mining camp of Tyler Kittredge, headwaters of Rio Tuquesa, ca. 2 air km from continental divide, 26 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27204 (Holotype MO 2201416 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.). —Psychotria gentryi (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Cephaelis dichroa (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 296. 1929. Evea dichroa Standi., Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 18: 124. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, humid forest of Cuesta de Las Palmas, southern slopes of Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700-2100 m, 17-19 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3218 (Holotype US 677615 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F)).— Psychotria dichroa (Standi.) C. M. Taylor in aides Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 66. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Valley of Rio Dos Bocas on road between Alto Piedra (above Santa Fe) and Calovebora, 350-400 m, 29 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27470 (Holotype MO 2201358 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Palicourea dimorphandrioides (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Cephaelis discolor Pol., Linnaea 41: 572. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: Angustura, 1875, H. Polakowsky 384 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US), fragment F (photo PTBG)). Not Psychotria discolor Huber, 1901, nor P. discolor (Griseb.) Rolfe, 1893— Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) Hammel Cephaelis dressleri Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 68, fig. 15. 1980. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, forest south of Puerto Obaldia, 18 Aug 1971, T. B. Croat 16801 (Holotype MO 2138462 (photo MO)).— Psychotria dressleri (Dwyer) C. W. Ham. Cephaelis elata Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. Type: JAMAICA, Swartz s.n. (presumably S, n.v.). — Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel Cephaelis gaugeri Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 71. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, near junction of roads to Cerro Jefe and Altos de Pacora, 18 Dec 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3779 (Holotype MO 2240077 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Psychotria camponutans (Dwyer & Hayden) Hammel Cephaelis gentryi Dwyer, Selbyana 2: 57. 1977. Type: ECUADOR: Los Rios, Rio Palenque Science Center, km 56 of Quevedo-Santo Domingo Road, C. Dodson 5169 (Holotype MO; Isotypes RPSC, n.v., SEL, n.v., US, n.v.).— Psychotria gentryi (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Cephaelis glomernlata Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 16: 12. 1891. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Livingston, Rio Dulce, Mar 1880, J. D. Smith 1637 (Holotype US 943529 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria glomerulata (Donn. Sm.) Steyerm. Cephaelis guapilense (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 295. 1929. Evea guapilensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Arts Sci. 15: 104. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, vicinity of Guapiles, 300-500 m, P. C. Standley 37025 (Holotype US 1 153029 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) C. W. Ham. Cephaelis hirsuta M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 135. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, la Chinantla, 4000 pieds, H. Galeotti 7185 (Holotype BR, n.v.). — Psychotria poeppigiana Mull. Arg. Cephaelis insueta Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 73. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, 1 1 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, forest along Rio Dos Bocas, tropical wet forest, Atlantic slope, 15 Nov 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3108 (Holotype MO 2220981 (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria insueta (Dwyer) C. W. Ham. Cephaelis ipecacuanha (Brot.) A. Rich., Bull. Fac. Med. 4: 92. 1818. Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 6: 137. 1802. Type: BRAZIL: Without precise locality, Gomez s.n. (presumably LISU, n.v.). — Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes Cephaelis kennedyae Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 75. 1980 [as kennedyi}. Type: PANAMA: Panama, 6 km from Panamerican Highway on road from El Llano to Carti- Tupile, H. Kennedy 1 779 (Holotype MO 2161974 (photo PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). —Psychotria muscosa (Jacq.) Steyerm. Cephaelis latistipulata Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 281. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, vicinity of Orosi, 30 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 39695 (Holotype US 1 153168 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Not Psychotria latistipula Benth. in Hook., 1849. — Psychotria cartagoensis Nepokroeff Cephaelis nana (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 171. 1927. Evea nana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 105. 1925. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, hills north of Frijoles, 19 Dec 1923, P. C Standley 27550 (Holotype US 1153871 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Not Psychotria nana K. Krause 1908. —Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) Hammel Cephaelis nicaraguensis Standi., Trop. Woods 16: 46. 1928. Type: NICARAGUA: Region of Braggmann's Bluff, on bank of Kukalaya River near Camp 14, 200 ft., 8 Dec 1927, F. C. Englesing 58 (Holotype F 572595 (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) Hammel Cephaelis ostreophora Wemham, J. Bot. 55: 284. 1917. Type: COLOMBIA: Bogota, Servita y Villavicencio, Triana s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotype F).— Psychotria ostreophora (Wernham) C. M. Taylor Cephaelis panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 77. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Rio Guanche, ca. 2.5 km upriver from bridge on road to Portobelo, along small creek to the S of the river, 10-100 m, 14 Dec 1974, 5. Mori & J. Kallunki 3714 (Holotype MO 2353037 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes MO 2353038 (photos MEXU, PTBG), PMA 22701, n.v.).— Rudgea panamensis (Dwyer) C. M. Tayor Cephaelis panchocoensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 78. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, S slope of Cerro Tacarcuna above Rio Pucro base camp, 700-1000 m, 25 Jan 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori J 3895 (Holotype MO 2276226 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria dressleri (Dwyer) C. W. Ham. Cephaelis Phoenicia (K. Schum.) Donn. Sm., Enum. PI. Guat. 5: 39. 1899. Uragoga Phoenicia K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, 4: 120. 1891. Type: COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Feb 1896, J. D. Smith 6584 (Syntype US, n.v.); same locality, J. D. Smith 6586 (Syntype US, n.v.).— Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel Cephaelis pittieri K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 1 19: 45. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Canas Gordas, 1 100 m, Feb 1897, H. Pittier 11162 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO; fragment F); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Not Psychotria pittieri Standi. 1916. —Psychotria aurantibracteata C. M. Taylor Cephaelis psychotriifolia Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 138. 1852 [as psychotriaefolia]. Type: PANAMA: Panama, damp forest near Cruces; and Darien, Chirambira, Seemann 482 (Holotype BM, n.v. (photo MO); Isotype K [as Seemann 482bis}). — Psychotria psychotriifolia (Seem.) Standi. Cephaelis punicea Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality, von Rohr s.n. (n.v.).— Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel Cephaelis rigidifolia Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 37. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, ca. 2700 ft., 20 Aug 1967, J. D. Dwyer 8075 A (Holotype MO 2165097 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Palicourea. — Status uncertain. Cephaelis sessilifolia Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 295. 1929. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Quimixto, trail from San Pedro el Tuito, 60 m, 2 Dec 1926, Y. Mexia 1240 (Holotype F 579912 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Not Psychotria sessilifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844.— Psychotria molinarum Lorence I NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Cephaelis tetragona Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 61: 376. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Tuis, Oct 1897, Tonduz 11354 (Syntype US 943500 (photos MEXU, PTBG)), same locality, Tonduz 12997 (Syntype US). Not Psychotria tetragona Seem., 1867— Psychotria chiapensis Standi. Cephaelis tomentosa (Aubl.) Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 19. 1796. Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 160,/?/. 61. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In sylvarum locis apertis, Aublet s.n. (Holotype presumably P, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)). Not Psychotria tomentosa Mull. Arg. ex Mart., 1881— Psychotria poeppigiana Mull. Arg. Cephaelis tonduzii K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 1 19: 45. 1916. COSTA RICA: Bei Tuis, 650 m, Nov 1897, A. Tonduz 11461 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, PTBG; fragment F (photo PTBG)). Not Psychotria tonduzii Standi., 1925. —Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) Hammel Cephaelis vultusmimi Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: SI, fig. 17. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Santa Rita, E. Ridge, 23 Mar 1972, A. Gentry & J. D. Dwyer 4811 (Holotype MO 2164626 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria poeppigiana Mull. Arg. Cephaelis williamsii Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 185. 1930. Type: PERU: Loreto, Manfina, on upper Rio Nany, 29 Jun 1929, L. Williams 1114 (Holotype F 604625). Not Psychotria williamsii Standi., 1930.— Psychotria zevallosii C. M. Taylor Cephalanthus L., Sp. PI. 1: 95. 1753. Type: Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Cephalanathus berlandieri Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 175. 1917. Type: MEXICO: Berlandier 1620 (Holotype BM, n.v.).— Cephalanthus occidentalis L. Cephalanthus occidentalis L., Sp. PL 1: 95. 1753. Type: America septentrionali, Herb. Linn. 1 18.1 (Lectotype LINN, n.v.; designated by Reveal, 1993). 'hits occidentalis L. var. salicifolius (Humb. & Bonpl.) A. Gray, Syn. PI. 1: 29. 1878. Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl., PL Aequin. 2: 63. 1809. Type: MEXICO: [Probably Guerrero], near Acapulco, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype presumably P-Bonpland, n.v.). —Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl. Cephalanthus peroblongus Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 176. 1917. Type: MEXICO: Nayant, Tepic, 31 May-3 Jun 1837, G. W. Barclay 1193 (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl. Cephalanthus salicifolius Humb. & Bonpl., PL Aequin. 2: 63. 1809. Type: MEXICO: [Probably Guerrero] near Acapulco, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype presumably P-Bonpland, n.v.). Chimarrhis Jacq., Sel. Ship. Amer. 61. 1763. Type: Chimarrhis cymosa Jacq. Chimarrhis decurrens Steyerm., Ceiba 3:18. 1952. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Valle, 600 m, 28 Jun 1946, P. H. Allen 3566 (Holotype F 1394240 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F, 2 sheets, MO). — Allenanthus erythrocarpa Standi. Chimarrhis latifolia Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 265. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Progreso, Jul-Aug 1927, G. P. Cooper & G. M. Slater 260 (Holotype F 573160 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Chimarrhis parviflora Standi., Trop. Woods 1 1: 26. 1927. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Changuinola Valley, 1927, G. P. Cooper & G. M. Slater 120 (Holotype US 1315890 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F, NY, n.v.). Chiococca P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 164. 1756. Type: Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc, Annual Rep. Missouri Bot. Gard. 4: 94. 1893. Lonicera alba L„ Sp. PL 175. 1753. Type: JAMAICA or BARBADOS: According to Howard (1989), a specimen in the Sloan herbarium (BM) may be an appropriate lectotype. Chiococca axillares Sesse & Moc., La Naturaleza ser. 2, 1: 36. 1888. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Tepetlpae prope Sancti Angeli montibus, Sesse & Mogino s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; Fl. Mex. Ic. 50 (GDC, n.v.)).— Status uncertain. Chiococca belizensis Lundell, Amer. Midi. Naturalist 29: 492. 1943. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Toledo Distr., Cow Pen, near Monkey River, 2 Sep 1942, P. H. Gentle 4115 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., F (photo F), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., TEX-LL, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Chiococca caputensis Lorence & C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 210, fig. IB, C. 1995. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, NE of Panama City, 9° 15'N, 79°30'W, 12 Jul 1986, G. McPherson 9744 (Holotype MO 3624428; Isotype PMA, n.v.). Chiococca coriacea M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 231. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, environs de Vera Cruz, J. Linden 423 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype MICH, n.v.). Chiococca durifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 87. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Code, woods adjacent to chicken farm, La Mesa, above El Valle, 3 Jan 1974, J. D. Dwyer 11865 (Holotype MO 2188155 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Chiococca belizensis Lundell Chiococca filipes Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 53. 1942. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Nuevo Amatenango, 1300 m, 17 Jul 1941, E. Matuda 4783 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)! NY, n.v., TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Chiococca henricksonii M. C. Johnst., Madrono 28: 30. 1981. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, 1-2 km N. of Puerto Colorado, near crest at SW end of Sierra de la Fragua, near 26°45*N, 102°30*W, 2 Sep 1941, /. M. Johnston 8738 (Holotype TEX 301584, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH (photo PTBG), MICH, n.v.). '* Chiococca jefensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 88. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, La Eneida, region of Cerro Jefe, R. Dressier 3296 (Holotype MO).— Elaeagia nitidifolia Dwyer Chiococca macrocarpa M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 230. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, bois de Mirador, 3000 pieds, H. Galeotti 7064 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.).— Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Chiococca mexicana Lundell, Wrightia 5: 71. 1974. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, Mun. de Zacapoaxtla, Tespilco, 1800 m, 23 Apr 1970, F. Ventura A. 955 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype ENCB).— Chiococca pachyphylla Wernham Chiococca nocturna Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 59. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Tuxtlae montibus, floret Julio, Sesse & Mogino (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.). Not Chiococca nocturna Jacq. 1761.— Status uncertain, probably Cestrum nocturnum L. (Solanaceae), as protologue states leaves alternate, flowers nocturnal, smelling of cana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 383. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cerro de San Antonio, 1650 m, 26 Jun 1906, C. Conzatti 1418 (Holotype F 579006 (photos F, PTBG); Isotypes GH (fragment), US). Chiococca pachyphylla Wernham, J. Bot. 51: 323. 1913. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, entre Acatlan et Chiconquiaco, Schiede & Deppe (Holotype K, n.v.). Chiococca paniculata Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. ed. 2, 58. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in calidis Cordovae montibus, floret Augusto, Sesse & Mogino (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.). Not Chiococca paniculata Hoffmanns, ex Roem. & Schult., 1819.— Status uncertain. Chiococca petenensis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 7. 1972. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, Dolores, in high forest on Santo Toribio trail, about 200 m west, 7 Jun 1961, E. Contreras 2439 (Holotype TEX-LL (photo F)). lNOMENCLATORC^ Chiococca petrina Wiggins, Contr. Dudley Herb. 3: 76, pi. 20, f. 5-13. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, gorge in andesitic rock 23 miles S. of Divisadero, 26 Sep 1934, /. L. Wiggins 7493 (Holotype DS 263330, n.v.; Isotypes F, TEX-LL, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Chiococca phaenostemon Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 594. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, "In sylvis Jalapae, Majo florens, ad Hac. d. 1. Laguna Jul. fructifer," collector not cited (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.). Note: no actual specimens or collector(s) were cited in Schlechtendal's protologue (1834), merely "In sylvis Jalapae Majo florens, ad Hac. d. 1. Laguna Jul. fructifer." There is a Schiede 255 specimen at Paris (with a duplicate at MO) in Schlechtendal's hand stating only "Mexique." Schlechtendal's types are mostly at HAL, so the holotype [or possibly syntypes] is presumably deposited there. Schiede is known to have collected at Hacienda de la Laguna, Veracruz, and therefore the Schiede 255 specimens at P & MO are very likely original material, probably isotypes. However, mention of "Jalapa" suggests that Schlechtendal may have been referring to another collection (syntype) as well. This is a vining species with a short, internally villous corolla tube and exserted stamens with filaments villous in the basal half. Collections from southern Mexico and Central America erroneously identified as Chiococca phaenostemon have the habit of a small tree, a glabrous corolla, and actually represent C. pachyphylla Wernham. Chiococca pubescens Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 209. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, vicinity of San Luis Tultitlanapa, Jul 1908, C. A. Purpus 3334 (Holotype US 840975 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, P). Not Chiococca pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schultes, 1819— Chiococca pueblensis Lundell Chiococca pubescens Standi, var. peninsularis Wiggins, Contr. Dudley Herb. 4: 24. 1950. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Sierra San Francisquito, 18 Oct 1890, T. S. Brandegee 265 (Holotype DS 20437, n.v.; Isotype UC (n.v.)).— Status uncertain, probably Chiococca pueblensis Lundell Chiococca pueblensis Lundell, Wnghtia 5: 7. 1972. Norn. nov. for Chiococca pubescens Standi., not Chiococca pubescens Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schultes, 1819. Chiococca racemosa L., Syst. Nat. ed. 10, 2: 917. 1759. Nom. illegit., citing Lonicera alba L— Chiococca alba (L) Hitchc. Chiococca racemosa Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 58. 1893, nom. illegit. Not Chiococca racemosa L., 1759, nor C racemosa Schltdl. & Cham., 1830. Type: MEXICO: Sesse & Mocino (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain, probably Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Chiococca racemosa L. var. yucatana Loes., Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 361. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, im Distrikt Ticul, auf der Hacienda Yaxche, E. Seler & C Seler 5591 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). —Chiococca alba (L.) Hitchc. Chiococca rubriflora Lundell, Wrightia 5: 7. 1972. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, west of km 165 of Poptun road, 10 Sep 1969, E. Contreras 9110 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos F, PTBG)). Chiococca semipilosa Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 279. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Chiquimula, Cerro Caracol, 1.5 miles north of Quezaltepeque, 1200-1400 m, 7 Nov 1939, J. A. Steyermark 31406 (Holotype F 1039351 (photo PTBG)). Chiococca sessilifolia Miranda, Anales Inst. Biol. Mexico 21(2): 306,/ 4. 1950 [1951]. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, en borde de bosque bajo hacia Las Vistas, al N de Berriozabal, 24 Sep 1950, F. Miranda 6672 (Holotype MEXU). Chiococca staminea M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Bruxelles 11: 231. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, environs de Xalapa, 4000 pieds, / Linden 48 (Holotype BR, n.v.). — Status uncertain, probably Chiococca phaenostemon Schltdl. Chiococca steyermarkii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 280. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. San Marcos, Rio Vega, near San Rafael and Guatemala-Mexico boundary, Volcan de Tacana, 2500-3000 m, 20 Feb 1940, J. A. Steyermark 36237 (Holotype F 1043222 (photos F, PTBG); Isotype F 1043229). Chiococca vestita Lundell, Wrightia 5:8. 1972. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Peten, Poptun, 2 km east, in hammock in pineland, 13 Jul 1959, C. L Lundell 16425 (Holotype TEX- LL, n.v. (photo F)).— Chiococca semipilosa Standi. & Steyerm. Chiococca vestita Lundell var. glaberrima Lundell, Wrightia 5: 8. 1972. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Peten, Poptun, 2 km east, in hammock in pineland, 13 Jul 1959, C, L. Lundell 1642 5 A (Holotype TEX-LL, n.v. (photo F)).— Chiococca semipilosa Standi. & Steyerm. Chione DC, Prodr. 4: 461. 1830. Type: Chione glabra DC. Chione allenii L. O. Williams, Phytologia 25: 462. 1973. Type: COSTA PJCA: Golfo Dulce area, vicinity of Esquinas Experiment Station sea level, 8 Jul 1949, P. H. Allen 5321 (Holotype F 1679433; Isotypes MO (photo PTBG), TUL (photo PTBG)).— Chione sylvicola (Standi.) W. C. Burger Chione buxifolia Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 55. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, E Tyson et al 3291 (Holotype MO 2210380 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F NY Chione campanensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 92. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Cerro Campana, trail to Campana Ridge, 2300 ft., 18 Sep 1968, A R. Wilbur, R. Foster, H. Kennedy & R. Dressier 1020 (Holotype MO 2224284 (photo PTBG)). Chione chambersii Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 138. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Comarca de Bani, area near Puerto Armuelles, between Canazo and Cocos, 17 Jun 1957, W. I. Stern & K. L. Chambers 144 (Holotype MO 1739838; Isotype GH (photo PTBG)).— Chomelia microloba Donn. Sm. Chione chiapasensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 1 10. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Palenque, Rvina [Ruina], river side in virgin forest, Jul 1939, E. Matuda 3675 (Holotype F 101 1456 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG), MEXU). Chione costaricensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 1 1 1. 1940. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Canton de San Carlos, Villa Quesada, Caribbean rain forest, 825 m, 14 Mar 1939, Austin Smith F1778 (Holotype F 980765 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Chione sylvicola (Standi.) W. C. Burger Chione dariensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 94. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Balsa, between Manene and Tusijuanda, 26 Jul 1967, J. Duke 13571 (Holotype MO 1968196 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes MO, 2 sheets, US (photo PTBG)). Chione guatemalensis Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 174. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Izabal, Rio Dulce, between Livingston and 6 miles up river, on north side, 1-25 m, 14 Apr 1940, J. A. Steyermark 39375 (Holotype F 1035017 (photo PTBG)). Chione mexicana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 340. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Zacuapan, open forests, Jun 1926, C. A. Purpus 10757 (Holotype US 1266079 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F, 2 sheets, MO, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Chione panamensis Steyerm., Ceiba 3:19. 1952. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Boquete region, Cerro Horqueta, 6500 ft., 1 Jul 1940, C von Hagen & W. von Hagen 2137 (Holotype F 1397595 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO, n.v.).— Chione sylvicola (Standi.) W. C. Burger Chione sylvicola (Standi.) W. C. Burger, Selbyana 12: 138. 1991. Chomelia ? sylvicola Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 182. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, 2000 m, 22-28 Feb 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 49196 (Holotype US 1305902 (photo PTBG)). A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Chomelia Jacq., Enum. PL Carib. 12. 1760. Type: Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Chomelia atlantica Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 96. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, swamp forest and bordering terra firma, ca. 0.5 km from the Rio Buenaventura, near Portobelo, 30 Jan 1973, H. Kennedy & S. Gra 2242 (Holotype MO 2161971 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO)).— Chomelia barbellata Standi. Chomelia barbata Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 7. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Juquila, vicinity of Chacahua, 5 m, 17 Dec 1921, C. Conzatti 4475 (Holotype US 1110841 (photo US)). Chomelia barbellata Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(7): 120. 1936. Type: PERU: San Martin, Klug 3920 (Holotype F, n.v.). Chomelia brachyloba Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 136. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Sabana de San Juan Corso, near Chepo, 60-80 m, Oct 191 1, H. Pittier 4673 (Holotype US 679833 (photo PTBG)). — Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Chomelia brachypoda Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 47: 255. 1909. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Sasis, banks of Rio Ogewaj, 900 m, May 1908, H. von Tuerckheim II 2253 (Holotype US 941389 (photos PTBG, US); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG), W). Anisomeris. Chomelia coclensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 97. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Code, La Mesa above El Valle, 800 m, T. B. Croat 25396 (Holotype MO 2210285; Isotype MO 2219529).— Malanea colombiana Standi. Chomelia englesingii Standi., Trop. Woods 16: 45. 1928. Type: NICARAGUA: Region of Braggman's Bluff, Kukalaya River bank west of Camp 14, 2 Dec 1927, F. C Englesing 49 (Yale 1233) (Holotype F 572606 (photo PTBG)). Anisomeris.— Chomelia recordii Standi. Chomelia filipes Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 41. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Granada, Oersted s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v. (photo US), fragment US (photo PTBG)).— Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Chomelia grandicarpa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 97. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, 2-3 miles up Rio Guanche, lowland rain forest, 10-20 m, 19 Jan 1973, H. Kennedy & R. Foster 2174 (Holotype MO. 2465399 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO). Chomelia leucophylla Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 98. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, slopes of Cerro Chucula, drainage of Rio Pavarando, 11 Feb 1972, A. Gentry 4262 (Holotype MO; Isotype MO). Not Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth, 1820.— Rondeletia dwyeri Lorence Chomelia microloba Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 114. 1901. Type: COSTA RICA: Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Feb 1896, A Tonduz 7048 (Herb. Nac. Costa Rica 9874) (Holotype US 943460 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (3 sheets; photos PTBG)). Anisomeris. panamensis (Standi.) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 100. 1980. Antirhea panamensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 264. 1934. Type: PANAMA: San Bias District, 21-28 Apr 1933, G. P. Cooper 238 (Holotype F 686345 (photo PTBG); Isotype F 709955). — Chomelia microloba Donn. Sm. Chomelia peninsularis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 101. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Burica Peninsula, along Quebrada Punta de Piedra, 2 mi SE of Puerto Armuelles, 0-100 m, 1 Mar 1973, T. B. Croat 22440 (Holotype MO 2785727 (photo PTBG); Isotype F). — Chomelia microloba Donn. Sm. Chomelia pringlei S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 137. 1891. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Tamasopo Canyon, 6 Aug 1890, C. G. Pringle 3209 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US). Anisomeris. Chomelia protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1384. 1926. Guettarda protracta Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Anisomeris, Pittoniotis. Chomelia psilocarpa Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 139. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, SE shoreline from lab, Aug 1965, M. V. Hayden 143 (Holotype MO 1831286 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MO, 3 sheets). Chomelia purpusii (Brandegee) Rusby, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 52: 138. 1925. Anisomeris purpusii Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Tonala, Sep 1913, C. A. Purpus 6940 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Anisomeris. — Chomelia spinosa i Standi., Trop. Woods 7: 9. 1926. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Los Andes to Entre Rios, lower Rio Motagua Valley, 1 Mar 1926, S. J. Record 8862 (Holotype US 1209919 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). Anisomeris. Chomelia recordii Standi, var. paucipubescens Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 103. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, near archeological site, edge of Madden Lake, A. Gentry & E. Tyson 5038 (Holotype MO (not located 6/96)).— Chomelia recordii Standi. Chomelia rudis (Standi.) Lorence, Novon 7: 48. 1997. Anisomeris rudis Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 394. 1938. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, summit of the ridge above El Achote, above the plains of Siguatepeque, 1800 m, 1 Aug 1936, G. T. Yuncker, R. F. Dawson & H R. Youse 6253 (Holotype F 857678 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 1115471). Chomelia spinosa Jacq., Enum. PI. Canb. 12. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Cartagena, in sylvaticis ad pendem montis de La Po'pa, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). Ixora. ' Chomelia sylvicola Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci 18: 182. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro 2000 m 22-28 Feb 1926, P. C Standley & J. 'valerio ' 49196 (Holotype US 1305902 (photo PTBG)). Anisomeris.— Chione sylvicola (Standi.) W. C. Burger Chomelia venulosa W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot, n.s. 33: 101. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Reserva Biologica Monteverde, E. Bello 414 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO). Choristes Benth., PI. Hartw. 63. 1840. Type: Choristes obtusiflora Benth. [Herein treated as a synonym of Depp ea Cham. & Schltdl.] Choristes cornifolia (Benth.) Benth., PI. Hartw. 64. 1840. Rondeletia cornifolia Benth., PI. Hartw. 39. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, prope Morelia, T. Hartweg 299 (Holotype K (photo MEXU); Isotypes BM, P, US (fragment), W, 2 sheets).— Deppea cornifolia (Benth.) Benth. Choristes obtusiflora Benth., PI. Hartw. 63. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, in plamtie Llano Verde, T. Hartweg 473 (Holotype K; Isotypes P, F, W, 2 sheets).— Deppea obtusiflora (Benth.) Benth. Cigarrilla Aiello, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 109. 1979. Type: Cigarilla mexicana (Zucc. & Mart, ex DC.) Aiello. [Herein treated at a synonym of Nernstia Urb.] Cigarrilla mexicana (Zucc. & Mart, ex DC.) Aiello, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 110. 1979. Coutarea mexicana Zucc. & Mart, ex DC, Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Martius s.n. in 1829 (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC 800.680: II.7)).— Nernstia & Mart, ex DC.) Urb. Cinchona L, Sp. PI. 1: 172. 1753. Type: Cinchona officinalis L. Cinchona caribaea Jacq., Enum. PI. Canb. 16. 1760. Type: CUBA: Thickets near Havana, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown).— Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schultes Cinchona grandiflora Ruiz & Pav., F. Peruv. 2: 54, pi. 89. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Andes de Peru, ad Pozuzo et San Antonii de Playa grande, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; Isotype B, destroyed (photo P)).— Cosmibuena grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Cinchona macrocarpa Vahl, Schr. Naturh. Ges. {Copenhagen 1(1): 20. 1793. Type: COLOMBIA: In regno Santa Fe, Ortega s.n. (Lectotype BM, n.v.; designated by Andersson in Andersson & Taylor, 1994: 16). — Ladenbergia macrocarpa (Vahl) Klotzsch Cinchona officinalis L., Sp. PI. 1: 172. 1753. Type: ECUADOR: Habitat in Loxa Peruviae, Quinquina La Condamine, Hist. Acad. Roy. Sci. Paris 1738: 226, t. 5-6. 1738. (For typification see Andersson & Taylor, 1994: 50.) scens Vahl, Skr. Naturhist. Selsk. Kjoebenhavn 1: 119. 1790. Type: Probably ECUADOR: precise locality unknown, J. deJussieu s.n. (Holotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO); Isotype P-JU 9900, n.v.). Cinchona rosea Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 54. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Pozuzo, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Lectotype MA, n.v.; Isolectotypes BM, n.v., G, n.v., G-DC, n.v., K, n.v., MA, Andersson in i& Taylor, 1994: 12). urn (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd. Cinchona succirubra Pav. ex Klotzsch, Abh. Akad. Berl. 1857: 60. 1858. Type: ECUADOR: Bolivar, San Antonio on trail to Guaranda, [Tafalla in] Pavon 464 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo F); Isotypes pubescens Vahl Coccocypselum P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 144. 1756. [as Coccocipsilum], nom. et orthogr. cons. Type: Coccocypselum repens Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 31. 1788, not Kunth, 1819. Coccocypselum canescens Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea4: 139. 1829. Nom. illeg., not Coccocypselum canescens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult., 1827. Type: VENEZUELA: Buenavista prope Caracas, Humboldt s.n. (Holotype B-W 2874, n.v). Tontanea. — Coccocypselum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Coccocypselum ciliatum Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 414. 1831. Type: MEXICO: Inter Huitamulco et Cuapa, Schiede & Deppe 1273 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.).— Status uncertain, probably Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. Coccocypselum cordifolium Nees & Mart., Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.- Carol. Nat. Cur. 12: 14. 1824. Type: BRAZIL: Ad viam Felisbertiam, Wied-Neuwied (location unknown). Coccocypselum glabrum Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 397. 1830. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 397. 14)). Tontanea. — Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. var. glabrum (Bartl. ex DC.) L. O. Williams Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 315. 1889. Tontonea guianensis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 108, tab. 42. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Sylvis Cayenne, Aublet s.n. (Holotype presumably P or BM, n.v.). Coccocypselum herbaceum P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 144, pi. 6 J. 2. 1756. Type: JAMAICA: Cooler mountains of Liguancee and Mount-Diable, P. Browne (LINN, n.v.). Tontanea. Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 396. 1830. Type: Precise locality unknown, probably Trinidad, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 396.5)). Tontanea. Coccocypselum hirsutum var. glabrum (Bartl. ex DC.) L. O. Williams, Phytologia 25: 462. Coccocypselum glabrum Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 397. 1830. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 397.14)). Coccocypselum hispidulum (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 281. 1929. Tontanea hispidula Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 147. 1921. Type: PANAMA: Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, Jan-Feb 1850, A. Fendler 179 (Holotype US 42058 (photo MO); Isotype US).— Coccocypselu Browne Coccocypselum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers., Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Condalia lanceolate Ruiz & Pav., PI. Fl. Peruv. 1: 54. 1798. Type: PERU: In nemoribus Cuchero et Chinchao, Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.). Coccocypselum macropodum (Ruiz & Pav.) Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 18: 107. 1891. Psychotria macropoda Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 63, pi. 21 1, fig. b. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, nemoribus secus Pillao ad Iscutunam, Ruiz & Pavon s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.).— Geophila macropoda (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Coccocypselum pleuropodum (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 281. 1929. Geophila pleuropoda Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 52: 50. 1911. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Secanquim, trail to Sepacuite, 4000 ft., 5 Feb 1905, G. P. Golls.n. (Holotype US 860647 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Coccocypselum cordifolium Nees & Mart. Coccocypselum rothschuhii Loes., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 60: 370. 1926. Type: NICARAGUA: Matagalpa, Canada Yasica, 950 m, Rothschuh 179 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). —Coccocypselum cordifolium Nees & Mart. Coffea L., 172. 1753. Type: Coffea Coffea arabica L., Sp. PI. 1: 172. 1753. Type: Habitat in Arabia felici, Herb. Clifford 9, Coffea 1 (Lectotype BM, n.v.; designated by Bridson & Verdcourt, 1988: 713). Widely cultivated in Mexico and Central America. Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner, Notizbl. Bot. Gard. Berlin 1: 237. 1897. Type: GABON: Gabun, Herb. L. Pierre n. 247 (Holotype presumably P, n.v.). Occasionally cultivated in Mexico and Central America. Coffea lanceolata Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 6- 412. 1831. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, prope Jalapam, Schiede & Deppe 1269 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.).— Status uncertain, possibly Chiococca sp. Coffea liberica W. Bull ex Hieron., Retail List New, Beautiful and Rare Plants 97: 4. 1874- Trans. Linn. Soc, Ser. 2: 171, tab. 24. 1876. Type: SIERRA LEONE: Daniell A608 (Holotype BM, n.v. (photo MO)). Occasionally cultivated in Mexico and Central Coffea mexicana DC, Prodr. 4: 501. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 501.25)). — Rudgea cornifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) Standi. Coffea obovata Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 412. 1832. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, in umbrosis prope Misantla, Schiede & Deppe 1268 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.). , probably Hoffmannia Coffea rosea Moc. & Sesse ex DC, Prodr. 4: 499. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably G- DC, n.v.; Fl. Mex. Ic. (G-DEL, n.v. (photo MO), caique 479 (US)).— Status uncertain, probably Hoffmannia sp. Condalia Ruiz & Pav., Prodr. 11, pi. 2. 1794. Nomen rejic, not Condalia Cav. (1799) (Rhamnaceae). Type: Condalia repens Ruiz & Pav. [Herein treated as a synonym of Coccocypselum P. Browne.] Condalia lanceolata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Chil. 1: 54. 1798. Type: PERU: In nemoribus Cuchero et Chinchao, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.). —Coccocypselum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Condaminea corymbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) DC, Prodr. 4: 402. 1830. Macrocnemum corymbosum Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Prodr. \ 48, pi 189. 1799. Type: PERU: In Andmm collibus et runcationibus calidis versus Chinchao, Acomayo, Pillao, Muna, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Holotype presumably ANOMENCLATOROF and Central American Rubiaceae a petiolata Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 1 17. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Rio Maje, near new Bayano Lake, <100 m, 5 May 1976, T. B. Croat 34706 (Holotype MO 2398904 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO). Rondeletia panamensis DC. Cordiera A. Rich., Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat., Pans 5: 222, t. 20. 1830. (Herein considered as a synonym of A I 'ibertia A. Rich.) Cordiera edulis (Rich). Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 279. 1891. Genipa edulis Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Guyane, without precise locality, Richard s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.; Isotype F 971706 (photo PTBG)).— Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich. Cosmibuena Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 3: 2. 1802, nom. cons. Type: Cosmibuena obtusifolia Ruiz & Pav., nom. illeg., type. cons. [= Cosmibuena grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby]. Not Cosmibuena Ruiz & Pav., 1794, nom. rej. Cosmibuena grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 368. 1907. Cinchona grandiflora Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 54, pi. 89. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Andes de Peru, ad Pozuzo et San Antonii de Playa grande, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; Isotype B, destroyed (photo F)). Cosmibuena holdridgei Monach., Phytologia 3: 64. 1949. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Barillas to Tokija, Jul 1948, L R. Holdridge s.n. (Monachino 519) (Holotype NY 3187, n.v. (photo NY); Isotype NY, n.v. (photo NY)).— Cosmibuena matudae (Standi.) L. O. Williams Cosmibuena macrocarpa (Benth.) Klotzsch ex Walp., Repert. Bot. Syst. 6: 69. 1846. Buena macrocarpa Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 104, /. 38, f. 1-14. 1845. Not Buena macrocarpa Wedd. 1869. Type: COLOMBIA: Narifio, Island of Gorgona, Hinds 353 (Holotype K, n.v. (photo NY)). Cosmibuena matudae (Standi.) L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 31: 45. 1965. Hillia matudae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 51. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Volcan Tacana, 2000^039 m, Aug 1938, E. Matuda 2327 (Holotype F 980255 (photo F); Isotypes A, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Cosmibuena ovalis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 137. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Code, vicinity of Ola, 100-350 m, 7-9 Dec 1911,//. Pittier5074 (Holotype US 715202 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). — Cosmibuena grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby Cosmibuena paludicola Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 137. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, vicinity of Viento Frio between Playa Damas and Viento Frio, along beach and near sea level, in mangrove formation, 7-8 Aug 1911, H. Pittier 4107 (Holotype US 679204 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., NY, n.v). — Cosmibuena macrocarpa (Benth.) Klotzsch Cosmibuena skinneri (Oerst.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 12. 1881. Buena skinneri Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren Kjobenhavn 1852: 48. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: In monte ignivomo, Masaya, Jan 1848, Oersted 11134 (Holotype C, n.v. (photos A, F, MO); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Cosmibuena grandiflora (Ruiz & Pav.) Rusby Cosmibuena valerii (Standi.) C. M. Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 79: 897. 1992. Hillia valerii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 164. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, vicinity of La Palma, on the road to La Hondura, 1500-1700 m, 17-18 Jul 1923, W. R. Maxon & A. D. Harvey 8092 (Holotype US 1 181776 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)). Cosmocalyx Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 56. 1930. Type: Cosmocalyx spectabilis Standi. Cosmocalvx spectabilis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 56. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, without precise locality, 1917-1921, G. F. Gaumer 24270 (Holotype F Coussarea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 98. 1775. Type: Coussarea violacea Aubl. Coussarea austin-smithii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1286. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Region of Zarcero, 4700 ft., 25 Aug 1937, A. Smith 4226 (Holotype F 905233 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea caroliana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 178. 1940. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Canton San Carlos, Suerre, 1000 m, 2 Mar 1939, A. Smith H1645 (Holotype F 981032 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea cerroazulensis Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 374. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Azul, 600 m, 6 Aug 1961, J. D. Dwyer 1368 (Holotype MO 1810161 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea chiriquiensis (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 113. 1993. Rudgea chiriquiensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 476. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Cerro Colorado, along road above San Felix, 29 km above bridge over Rio San Felix (7.9 km above tumoff to Escopeta), 1500 m, 14 Jul 1976, T. B. Croat 37071 (Holotype MO 2798805 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO). — Psychotria nebulosa (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Coussarea colonis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 179. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista, region of Almirante, Jan-Mar 1928, G. P. Cooper 228 (Holotype F 579282 (photo PTBG)). Norn, superfl. for Coussarea euryphylla Standi., 1929 — Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. ". H. Kirkbr. Coussarea curvigemma Dwyer, Phytologia 38- 215. 1978. Type: PANAMA: Barro Colorado Island, Wheeler Trail 850, 1 Jun 1971, T. B. Croat 14863 (Holotype MO 2050013 (photo PTBG)). Coussarea dariensis Steyerm., Ceiba 3: 20. 1952. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Chico, vicinity of Yaviza, 100 ft., 9-1 1 Jun 1947, P. H. Allen 4576 (Holotype F 1397594 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MO, NY, n.v.).— Coussarea paniculata (Vahl) Standi. Coussarea durifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 124. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, along El Llano-Carti Tupile road, 12 miles above Panamerican Highway, 200-500 m, 26-27 Mar 1973, R. Liesner 1180 (Holotype MO 2219526 (photo PTBG)). Coussarea enneantha Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 282. 1928. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cana and vicinity, 2000-6500 ft., 17 Apr-8 Jun 1908, R. S. Williams 841 (Holotype US 678317 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea euryphylla Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 294. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista camp on Chiriqui trail, region of Almirante, Jan-Mar 1928, G. P. Cooper 228 (Holotype F 579282). Dukea, Raritebe.— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Coussarea garciae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 180. 1940. Type: COLOMBIA: Choco, Bahia Solano, along Quebrada Jellita, 50-100 m, 22 Feb 1939, E. P. Killip & H. Garcia 33524 (Holotype F 999258 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Coussarea hondensis (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & W. C. Burger, Selbyana 12: 138. 1991. Psychotria hondensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 183. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Bois de Rio Hondo, versant atlantique, 100 m, Aug 1901,//. Pittier 16161 (Holotype US 764151 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea imitans L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 488, fig. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, along trail beginning from mile 33.23 between Dartmouth and Moralaes toward Lake Izabal, Montana de Mico, 30-150 m, 7 Apr 1940, J. A. Steyermark 39013 (Holotype F 1042963 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea impetiolaris Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 37: 418. 1904. COSTA RICA: La Colombiana, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 200 m, Jun 1899, H. Pittier 7582 A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE (Holotype US 943498 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 943497 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea jefensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 128. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, ca. 1000 m, 25 Aug 1975, S. Mori & L. Mi 7927 (Holotype MO 2285634 (photo PTBG)). Coussarea latifolia Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 281. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Tsaki, Talamanca, 200 m, Apr 1895, A. Tonduz 9574 (Holotype US 938840 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea Ioftonii (Dwyer & Hayden) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 129. 1980. Faramea Ioftonii Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 56. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe in Clusia forest at 2700-3000 ft., 27 Jan 1966, E. L. Tyson, J. Dwyer & K. Blum 3323 (Holotype MO 1824505 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Coussarea mediocris Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 248. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, vicinity of Maxbal, about 17 miles north of Barillas, 1500 m, 15-26 Jul 1942, J. A. Steyermark 48732 (Holotype F 1 134264 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea mexicana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 17: 274. 1937. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Ubero, 30-60 m, Jun 1937, L. Williams 9442 (Holotype F 897721 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coussarea morii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 130. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Tuquesa, at middle Tuquesa Mining Company Camp called Charco Peje, tropical wet forest, 250 m, 8 Jul 1975, S. Mori 7058 (Holotype MO 2821790 (photo PTBG)). Coussarea nebulosa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 131. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, uncut cloud forest at Monte Rey near Boquete, 20 Jul 1971, T. B. Croat 15868 (Holotype MO 2162995 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 4043108 (photo PTBG)). — Psychotria nebulosa (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Coussarea neei Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 132. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, 6-7 km W of Santa Fe on new road past agriculture school, 2900 ft., 17 Feb 1974, M. Nee 9820 (Holotype MO 2241791 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 2241792 (photo PTBG)). Coussarea nigrescens C. M. Taylor & Hammel, Selbyana 12: 135, fig. 1. 1991. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Finca La Selva, the OTS field station near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, near the junction of the Rios Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui, 100 m, 5 Nov 1980, B. Hammel 10383 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.). Coussarea paniculata Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 282. 1928, based on Froelichia paniculata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 3. 1796. Not Froelichia paniculata Moench., 1794. Type: TRINIDAD: Ryan s.n. (C, n.v.). Coussarea psychotrioides C. M. Taylor & Hammel, Selbyana 12: 135, fig. 2. 1991. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Finca La Selva, the OTS field station near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, near the junction of the Rios Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui, 100 m, 12 Jul 1979, J. H. Beach 1467 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotypes CR, n.v., F, MO). Coussarea roseocremea Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 133. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, El Llano-Carti Highway, 6-10 km north of El Llano, 13 Apr 1973, R. L. Dressier 4334 (Holotype MO 2126258 (photo PTBG)). —Psychotria roseocrema (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Coussarea talamancana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1288. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Talamanca Valley, Jun 1927, G. P. Cooper T4 (Holotype F 572698 (photo PTBG)). Coussarea veraguensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 134. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, NW of Santa Fe, 1 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, on the slopes of Cerro Tute, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4800 (Holotype MO 2276605; Isotype MO 2276606).— Coussarea caroliana Standi. "oussarea villosula Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 105. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Pirre, from Rio Pirre S to El Real, 750-1030 ft., J. A. Duke 5338 (Holotype MO). 46. 1923. a (Baill.) Coutaportla ghiesbreghtiana (Baill.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 147. 1923. Portlandia ghiesbreghtiana Baill., Adansonia 12: 300. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, pres de Hacienda de Huijastla, au bord des ravins, 1 842-43, Ghiesbreght 27 (Holotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes P, 3 sheets (photos MEXU), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coutaportla guatemalensis (Standi.) Lorence, Syst. Bot. 11: 210. 1986. Portlandia guatemalensis Standi, J. Wash. Acad. 18: 162. 1928. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Quebradas Secas, 2500 ft., 1 Jun 1920, H. Johnson 282 (Holotype US 1081354 (photos MEXU, PTBG), fragment F). Coutaportla pailensis Villarreal, Sida 12: 223, fig. I. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Mun. Ramos Arizpe, Sierra de la Paila, Canon de Loma Prieta, al NW de Hipolito, 1800 m, J. A. I illarreal et al. 3305 (Holotype MEXU, n.v.; Isotypes ANSM (n.v.), ENCB, n.v., TEX, Coutarea Aubl.. Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 314. 1775. Type: Coutarea speciosa Aubl. Coutarea acamptoclada B. L. Rob. & Millsp., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 36: Beibl. 80: 28 1905 Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, im Walde bei Uman, 7 Apr 1903, C. Seler & E. Seler 4044 (Holotype F (photo PTBG); Isotype B, presumably destroyed).— Hintonia octomera (Hemsl.) Bullock Coutarea flavescens Moc. & Sesse ex DC, Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (Fl. Mexic. Ic. G-DC, n.v, (photo MO)). —Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum. Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum. in Mart Fl. Bras. 6(6): 196. 1889. Portlandia hexandra Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Cartagena in fruticosis, Jacquin s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). Coutarea latiflora Sesse & Moc. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Based on an unpublished illustration [caique] (Fl. Mexic. Ic. G-DC (photo MO)).— Hintonia latiflora (Sesse & Moc. ex DC) Bullock Coutarea lumaeana Baill., Adansonia 12: 301. 1879. Type: GUATEMALA: Chimalatenango, San Jorge, 900 m. Luma 5 n (Holotype P (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG)). Portlandia. — Hintonia lumaeana (Baill.) Bullock Coutarea mexicana Zucc. & Mart, ex DC, Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Martius s. n. in 1829 (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC 800. 680: II.7)). Cigarilla, Portlandia.— Nernstia mexicana (Zucc. & Mart, ex DC.) Urb. Coutarea octomera Hemsl, Biol Centr.-Amer., Bot. 4: 101. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Cozumel Island, Apr 1895, G. F. Gaumer 148 (Holotype K, n.v). — Hintonia octomera (Hemsl.) Bullock Coutarea pterosperma (S. Watson) Standi, N. Amer. Fl. 32: 127. 1921. Portlandia pterosperma S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 52. 1889. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, Guaymas, 1887, E. Palmer 298 (Holotype US 47978 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 47979 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hintonia latiflora (Sesse & Mocino ex DC.) Bullock Coutarea speciosa Aubl, Hist. PI Guiane 1: 314, t. 122. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Aublets.n. (presumably P, n.v.). Portlandia. ndra (Jacq.) K. Schum. Crucianella L., Syst. PI 108. 1753. Lectotype: Crucianella latifolia L. Crucianella americana Mill, Gard. Diet., ed. 8 no. 5. 1768. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Miller s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.).— Status uncertain, probably Spermacoce sp. Crucianella hispida Mill, Gard. Diet., ed. 8, nc 4. 1768. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Miller s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v. (photo US)). — Crusea hispida (Mill) B. L. Rob. I NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Crusea Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 165. Jan 1830. Not Crusea A. Rich., Dec 1830. Lectotype: Crusea hispida (Mill.) B. L. Rob. (Lectotype designated by Schumann, 1891: 141). Crusea allococca Ton. & A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 78. 1883, nom. superfl. illeg., based on Diodia tricocca A. Gray (See Anderson, 1972: 116 for discussion.). — Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi, subsp. tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) W. H. Lewis & R. L. Oliv. Crusea andersoniorum Lorence, Novon 7: 57, fig. 6. 1997. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Miahuatlan, crest of ridge and steep SW facing slope 90-100 km SE of Sola de Vega along road to Puerto Escondido, 1830 m, 25 Oct 1984, D. E. Breedlove 62063 (Holotype CAS 727669 (photo PTBG)). Crusea aspera Bartl., Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting 1 838. Type: Probably MEXICO: Herb. Fischer, a garden specimen grown during Bartling's tenure (Lectotype GOET, n.v.; designated by Anderson, 1972: 111). —Crusea hispida (Mill.) B. L. Rob. var. Crusea brachyphylla Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 165. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz: Serro [Cerro] Colorado, Aug 1828, Schiede & Deppe 524b (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype LE, n.v., fragment F) — Crusea longiflora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schultes) W. R. Anderson Crusea brachyphylla Schltdl. & Cham. f. microcephala Loes., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 65: 115. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Patzcuaro, Monte Calvario, 1 Nov 1895, E. Seler & C Seler 1211 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed; Isotype GH, n.v.). —Crusea longiflora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schultes) W. R. Anderson Crusea calicola Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 305. 1897. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, dry calcareous hills, Las Sedas, 6000 ft., 8 Sep 1894, C. G. Pringle 4869 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., BR, n.v., F, MICH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., UC (photo PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Crusea calocephala DC, Prodr. 4: 567. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, "Pavon " [Sesse, Mocino et al.], (Presumably Herb. Dunat, location unknown (n.v.), fragment P, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v.; see Anderson, 1972: 97). Crusea chiapensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 374. 1917. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, C. A. Purpus 7526 (Holotype UC, n.v.). —Crusea longiflora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schultes) W. R. Anderson Crusea coccinea DC, Prodr. 4: 567. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Nova Hispafia, without precise locality, "Pavon 588" [=Sesse, Mocino et al. 588] (Lectotype MA (n.v.), fragment G- DC, n.v.; Isolectotype F 850991 (photo PTBG); designated by Anderson, 1972: 39). Crusea coccinea DC. var. breviloba Loes., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 65: 115. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenagno, Jacaltenango, San Martin, 9 Sep 1896, E. Seler & C Seler 3113 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed; Isotype GH, n.v.) Crusea coccinea DC. var. chiriquensis W. R. Anderson, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 45. 1972. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Casita Alta to Cerro Copete, 2300-3300 m, 10 Jul 1040, Woodson & Schery 358 (Holotype F 1089337 (photo PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO). Crusea coccinea DC. var. pubescens Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 306. 1897. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca: NW slope of Mt. Zempoaltepec, 8000-10000 ft., 10 Jul 1894, E. W. Nelson 699 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotype US (photo PTBG); designated by Anderson, 1972: 39).— Crusea coccinea DC. Crusea coronata B. L. Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 387. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Tequila, 3 Oct 1893, C G. Pringle 5424 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Crusea cruciata S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 152. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, barranca near Guadalajara, 19 Oct 1889, C G. Pringle 2969 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype F)). —Crusea setosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standi. & Steyerm. Crusea cruciata S. Watson var. villosior Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 306. 1897. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Guadalajara, Jul-Oct 1886, E. Palmer 901 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotype US; designated by Anderson, 1972: 83).— Crusea setosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standi. & Steyerm. Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W. R. Anderson, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 58. 1972. Spermacoce diversifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 341. 1818 [1819]. Type: MEXICO: Guanajuato, Santa Rosa de la Sierra, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photos F, MO)). Crusea elata Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 68. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Sierra de Tonala, Sep 1913, C A. Purpus 6640 (Holotype UC 172353 (n.v.); Isotypes BM, n.v., F, GH, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Listed in synonymy under Crusea calocephala by Anderson (1972), but it actually represents a valid species (W. R. Anderson, pers. comm. 1984). Crusea gentryi Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 22: 1 12. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Sonora: Alamos Distr., Quirocoba, 12 Nov 1923, H S. Gentry 766M (Holotype F 968108 (photo PTBG); Isotype MICH, n.v.). — Crusea lucida Benth. Crusea grandiflora Paul G. Wilson, Kew Bull 13: 161. 1958. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Distr. Temascaltepec, Tenayac, 1540 m, 28 Sep 1933, G. B. Hinton 4848 (Lectotype K, n.v.; designated by Anderson, 1972). —Crusea hispida (Mill.) B. L. Rob. var. grandiflora Crusea guatemalensis Gand., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 65: 34. 1918. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, H. von Tuerckheim s.n. (Holotype presumably P, n.v.).— Crusea calocephala DC. Crusea hispida (Mill.) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 409. 1910. var. hispida. Crucianella hispida Mill, Gard. Diet., ed. 8, no. 4. 1768. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, grown at Chelsea from seed sent by Houstoun, Miller s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v. (photo US)). i (Mill.) B. L. Rob. var. l (Paul G. Wilson) W. R. Anderson, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 115. 1972. Crusea grandiflora Paul G. Wilson, Kew. Bull. 13: 161. 1958. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, G. B. Hinton 4848 (Holotype K, n.v.). Crusea hispidula Bartl., Ind. Sem. Hort. Gotting. 1839: 3. 1839. Type: Herb. Fischer, a garden specimen grown during Bartling's tenure (Holotype GOET (n.v.)).— Crusea calocephala DC. Crusea longibracteata Benth. in Oerst, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. Kjoebenhavn 1852: 28. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Granada, Jun 1846, Oersted s.n. (Holotype, K, n.v.; Isotype US)). —Crusea setosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standi. & Steyerm. Crusea longiflora (Willd. ex Roem. & Schultes) W. R. Anderson, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 89. 1972. Spermacoce longiflora Willd. ex Roem. & Schultes, Syst. Veg. 3: 531. 1818. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, near Ario [de Rosales], and Mexico City, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype B-W, n.v.). Crusea lucida Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 109. 1845. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, southern Mexico, Sinclair s.n. (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MICH)). Crusea megalocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 137. 1891. Spermacoce megalocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 381. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, southwestern Chihuahua, wet places in the higher mountains above Batopilas, Aug-Nov 1885, E. Palmer 185 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Crusea palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 381. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, southwestern Chihuahua, 25 miles S of Batopilas, Aug-Sep 1885, E. Palmer 70 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., MEXU, NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Crusea psyllioides (Kunth) W. R. Anderson A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Crusea parviflora Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 430, pi 99c. 1840 (text), 1841 (plate). Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Acapulco, Sinclair s.n. (Holotype K, n.v.). Crusea psvllioides (Kunth) W. R. Anderson, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 75. 1972. Spermacoce psyllioides Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 346,/?/. 278. 1818 [1819]. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, near Ario [de Rosales], Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photo MICH)). Crusea rosea Loes., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 18: 362. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Morelos: barranca bei Cuernava [Cuernavaca], 14 Oct 1904, E. Seler & C. Seler 4181 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; designated by Anderson, 1972: 111).— Crusea hispida (Mill.) B. L. Rob. var. hispida Crusea rubra (Jacq.) Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 165. 1830. Spermacoce rubra Jacq., PI. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 3, pi. 256. 1798. Type: Unknown (see Anderson, 1972: 110). —Crusea hispida (Mill.) B. L. Rob. var. hispida Crusea setosa (M. Martens & Galeotti) Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 22. 1943. Borreria setosa M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 131. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, dans les forets de palmiers et sur les dunes de la cote d'Oaxaca, baignee par l'Ocean Pacifique, pres du Rancho du Rio Grande, Sep 1839, H. Galeotti 2627 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v.). Crusea subalata Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 431. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, between San Bias and Tepic, Sinclair s.n. (Holotype K, n.v.).— Crusea parviflora Hook. & Arn. Crusea subulata (DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 78. 1883. Borreria subulata DC, Prodr. 4: 543. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Berlandier 826 (Lectotype [annotated by de Candolle but not cited in protologue, according to Anderson, 1972: 58] G, n.v. (photo F); Isolectotype BM, n.v.).— Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W. R. Anderson Crusea subulata (DC.) A. Gray var. leiocarpa Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 40: 33. 1904. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Alvarez, 28 Sep-3 Oct 1902, E. Palmer 147 (Holotype GH, n.v.); Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W. R. Anderson Crusea tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) A. Heller, Contr. Herb. Franklin & Marshall College 1: 97. 1895. Diodia tricocca Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 30. 1841. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Drummond 117 (Holotype F; Isotype G, n.v.). — Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Loes. subsp. tricocca Crusea villosa S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 152. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, rocky hillsides near Guadalajara, 9 Oct 1889, C G. Pringle 2448 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Crusea psyllioides (Kunth) W. R. Anderson Crusea violacea Brongn. ex Neumann, Rev. Hort. II. 4: 368. 1846; 5: 61. 1846. Type: Unknown (see Anderson, 1972: 97).— Crusea calocephala DC. Crusea wrightii A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 68. 1853. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, prairies near Santa Cruz, Sep 1851, C. Wright 1121 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Crusea wrightii A. Gray var. angustifolia W. R. Anderson, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 22: 108. 1972. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, 6.3 miles east of Chilpancingo on road to Tixtla, at km 12, 1600 m, W. R. Anderson & C. W. Laskowski 4334 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Dasycephala DC, Prodr. 4: 565. 1830. (Diodiae sect. 2). Type: Not designated. Dasycephala spicata (Miq.) Benth. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PL 2: 144. 1873. Diodia spicata Miq., Stirp. Surin. Sel. 179,/?/. 52. 1851. Type: SURINAM: Sylvarum prope Bergendaal, Oct, Focke s.n. (presumably U, n.v.; this is Miquel's lectotype according to Howard, 1989).— Diodia spicata Miq. Declieuxia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 352, pi. 25/. 1818. Type: Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze. Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 1: 279. 1891. Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 527. 1818. Type: VENEZUELA: Monagas, Caripe, Humboldt s.n. (presumably B-W, n.v.). Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze var. mexicana (DC.) Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 12: 378. 1936. Declieuxia mexicana DC., Prodr. 4: 479. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.).— Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze Declieuxia galeottii M. Martens in M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Bruxelles 11: 231. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Llano Verde. 3000-7000 ft., Apr 1840, H. Galeotti 2603 (Holotype BR (photo PTBG); Isotypes BR, n.v., F (photos PTBG), US). Hedyotis galeottii (M. Martens) Terrell & Declieuxia mexicana DC, Prodr. 4: 479. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, llacnkc s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). —Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze Dentella J. R. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. PI. 25, t. 13. Mid. Type: Dentella repens (L.) J R & G. Forst. Dentella repens (L.) J. R. & G. Forst., Char. Gen. PL 26. 1776. Oldenlandia repens L Mant. 40. 1767. Type: INDIA: (Lectotype LINN 155/2, n.v.; designated by Verdcourt, 1983). Naturalized in Mexico at least in Colima and Guerrero; native to Australasia. Deppea Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 167. 1830. Type: Deppea erythrorhiza Cham. & Schltdl. Deppea amaranthina Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22; 281. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Chiquimula, Cerro Brujo, in vicinity of Rio Negro, below Montana Montenegro, near village of Brujo, 1500-2000 m, 1 Nov 1939, J. A. Steyermark 30926 (Holotype F 1035809 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)). Deppea anisophylla L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 490. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, Finca Moca, 1000 m, 7 Jan 1935, A. F. Skutch 2072 (Holotype F 815818 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US). Deppea cornifolia (Benth.) Benth., PI. Hartw. 349. 1857. Rondeletia cornifolia Benth., PI. Hartw. 39. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, prope Morelia, T. Hartweg 299 (Holotype K (photo MEXU); Isotypes BM, G- DEL, n.v., fragment F, P (photos MEXU, PTBG, US), US, fragment (photos MEXU, PTBG), W, 2 sheets (photos PTBG)). Choristes. Deppea costaricensis Pol., Linnaea 41: 566. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: Desengano, prope Alajuela, 27 Jun 1875, H. Polakowski 148 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MEXU, US); Isotypes BM, W (photo PTBG), fragment F).— Deppea grandiflora Schltdl. Deppea ehrenbergii Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 161. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, C. Ehrenberg 1318 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Deppea erythrorhiza Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 168. 1830 (Jan 1830). Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, in umbrosis prope Hacienda de la Laguna, Aug 1829, C. J. W. Schiede & F. Deppe 388 (Holotype HAL (photo PTBG); Isotype HAL (photo PTBG)). Deppea excelsa (Kunth) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 89. 1921. Psychotria (?) excelsa Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 355, t. 282. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Xalapa, A. Bonpland 1445 (Holotype presumably P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotypes B (photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Hoffmannia excelsa (Kunth) K. Schum. DeppeaJIava (Brandegee) L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 24(11): 58. 1975. Plocaniophyllon flavum Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Finca Mexiquito, Jun 1913, C. A. Purpus 7019 (Holotype UC 173077, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Plocaniophyllon flavum Brandegee Deppeafloribunda Hemsl, Diagn. PI. Nov. Mexic. 31. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Botteri 937 (Lectorype P (photos MEXU, PTBG, US); Isolectotypes BM, F, fragment, P (photos MEXU, PTBG), W (photo PTBG); designated by Lorence & Dwyer, 1988).— Deppea grandiflora Schltdl. Deppea grandiflora Schltdl., Linnaea 19: 748. 1847. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Temperirites (presumably Veracruz), Leibold235, 253, 263 (Syntypes HAL (photos PTBG); a lectotype cannot be selected with certainty; for discussion see Lorence & Dwyer, 1988). Deppea guerrerensis Dwyer & Lorence, Allertonia4: 428, fig. 4a-c. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, vicinity of Omiltemi, 20 miles west of Chilpancingo on logging road, 2500-2700 m, 31 Jul 1957, R. M. Straw & D. P. Gregory 1081 (Holotype MEXU; Isotype ENCB). Deppea hamelioides Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 269. 1929. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, San Sebastian, Segundo Arroyo, Sierra Madre Mountains, 1500 m, 22 Jan 1927, Y Mexia 1546a (Holotype F 579899 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., BM, US (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)). Deppea hedyotidea DC, Prodr. 4: 618. 1830 (Sep 1830), nom. superfl., based on the type of D. erythrorhiza Cham. & Schltdl. —Deppea erythrorhiza Cham. & Schltdl. Deppea hernandezii Lorence, Allertonia 4: 405, fig. 4d-g. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Mun. de Tenango de Doria, a 6 km al este de Tenango de Doria hacia al Cirio, 1700-1800 m, 19 Feb 1981, R Hernandez M. & D. Rodriguez 5466 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes MO (photo PTBG), XAL). Deppea hintonii Bullock, Kew Bull. 5: 309. 1937 [as D. hintoni]. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Distr. of Temascaltepec, Tejupilco, barranca, 1340 m, 22 Sep 1933, G. B. Hinton 4824 (Holotype K (photo PTBG); Isotypes BM, F (photo PTBG), MO (photo PTBG), US). Deppea inaequalis Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 384. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, above Finca el Porvenir along Rio Cabus to within 2 miles of Cueva de las Palomas, south-facing slopes of Volcan Tajumulco, 1300-1500 m, 16 Mar 1940, J. A. Steyermark 37974 (Holotype F 1043181 (photos F, PTBG)). Deppea longipes Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 138. 1916. Type: PANAMA. Chiriqui, east slopes of Chiriqui Volcano, Camp Aguacatl, 2100-2200 m, 10-13 Mar 1911,//. Pittier 3070 (Holotype US 677458 (photos MEXU, PTBG, US)).— Deppea grandiflora Schltdl. Deppea lundellii Dwyer, Phytologia 54: 277. 1983. Type: GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz, Nino Perdido, bordering Rio San Jose, C. L. Lundell & E. Contreras 21025 (Holotype TEX-LL; Isotypes MEXU, MO (photo PTBG)). In the protologue Dwyer states "(LL; holotype, MO)." This is probably a typographical error, as the MO specimen was annoted by Dwyer as isotype, and the specimen at TEX-LL is presumably the holotype. — Pinarophyllon bullatum Standi. Deppea macrocarpa Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 268. 1929. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, Cerro de San Juan, west of Tepic, 1000 m, 19 Sep 1926, Y. Mexia 727 (Holotype F 579908 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO, US, 2 sheets (photos PTBG)).— Rondeletia jurgensenii Hemsl. Deppea martinez-calderonii Lorence, Allertonia 4: 399, figs, le, 2. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Ixtlan, Sierra de Juarez, Ruta 175 a 2.5 km al norte de Puerto Eligio, 780 m, 4 Ago 1985, D. Lorence et al. 4714 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes ENCB, MEXU, MO, UC, W, XAL). Deppea miahuatlanica Lorence, Novon 7: 48, fig. 2. 1997. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Miahuatlan, Mun. de San Jeronimo Coatlan, 17.9 km al SW de San Jeronimo Coatlan, carretera Miahuatlan-Piedra Larga, 1800 m, 16° 12'N, 96°57'W, 13 Dec 1987, R. Torres C. & A. Campos 10847 (Holotype PTBG 15197; Isotype MEXU). Deppea microphylla Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 249. 1905. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, river bluffs below the Trinidad Iron Works, 5700 ft., 26 Apr 1904, C. G. Pringle 8907 (Holotype GH (n.v.); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MEXU, MO, P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU PTBG), W (photo PTBG)). Deppea oaxacana Lorence, Allertonia 4: 419 fig. 5. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr'. de Mixe, a 9 km de la entrada a Villa Alta, este entronque a 10 km al suroeste de Totontepec, 2230 m, 13 Die 1985, R. Torres C. & C. Martinez 7956 (Holotype MEXU- Isotypes BM, ENCB, F, MEXU, MO, UC W XAL). Deppea obtusiflora (Benth.) Benth., PI Hartweg. 349. 1857. Choristes obtusiflora Benth., PI. Hartw. 63. 1840. Type: MEXICO" Oaxaca, in planitie Llano Verde, T. Hartweg 473 (Holotype K (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (fragment from P), P (photos F, MEXU, PTBG, US), W, 2 sheets (photos PTBG)). Deppea panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot Card. 67: 145. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, 5- "50 v. i northeast of Altos de i, 7 Mar 1975, S.Mori&J. Kallunki 4965 (Holotype MO 2257147- Isotypes MO, 2 sheets).— Elaeagia myriantha (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & Hammel Deppea pubescens Hemsl., Diagn PI Nov Mexic. 31. 1879; Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot 2- 27. 1881. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Santa Gertrudis, F. Liebmann 65 (=Plantae Mexicanae Liebmann 11382) (Holotype K (photo PTBG), fragment F); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO, P (photos F, MEXU, PTBG, US), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Deppea purpurascens Lorence, Allertonia 4: 402, fig. 3. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de Soteapan, Cumbres de Bastonal, ca. 10-1 1 km al sureste de Tebanca (lado sureste de Lago de Catemaco) por camino, 1200 m, 26 Abr 1982, D. Lorence, R. Cedillo T & G. Ibarra M. 4141 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes CHAPA, MEXU, MO). Deppea purpusii Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 88. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Sierra Madre between Misantla and Naolinco, Aug 1912, C. A. Purpus 6260 (Holotype US 464734 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes BM, F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photo PTBG)). Deppea schultzei Lorence, Allertonia 4: 422. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Malinaltepec, Mar 1930, L. Schultze 363 (Holotype B, destroyed, fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). New name for Edithca floribunda Standi., Trop. Woods 34: 1. 1933. Not Deppea floribunda Hemsl., 1879. Deppea scoti (J. H. Kirkbr.) Lorence, Allertonia 4: 398. 1988. Omiltemia scoti J. H. Kirkbr., Syst. Bot. 9: 41 1. 1984. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, above Teotklan del Camino on road to Huautla de Jimenez, 2000-3250 m, 3 Aug 1961, C. E. Smith, Jr., F. A. Peterson & N. Tejeda 413 7 (Holotype US; Isotype GH (photo PTBG)). Deppea splendens Breedlove & Lorence, Phytologia 63: 43, fig. 1. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mun. of Motozintla de Mendoza, southwest (side) of Cerro Mozotal, 1 1 km northwest of junction of road to Motozintla along road to El Porvenir and Siltepec, 2100 m, 18 Sep 1976, D. E. Breedlove 40258 (Holotype CAS; Isotypes MEXU, MO (photo PTBG)). Deppea stenosepala Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 161. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Tlaxiaco a Chicahuastla, 1844, H. Galeotti 2685 (Holotype LE, n.v., fragment F; Isotype P, n.v., fragment F)). — Rondeletia jurgensenii Hemsl. » Mexican and Central American Rubiaceae Deppea tenuiflora Benth., PI. Hartw. 349. 1857. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, San Bartolo, Feb 1840, Linden 1644 (Holotype K; Isotype LE, n.v., fragment F). Deppea umbellata HemsL, Diagn. PI. Nov. Mexic. 31. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, region de Orizaba a Izhuatlancillo, 15 Mai 1866, E. Bourgeau 2428 (Lectotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes F, K (photo PTBG), P, 3 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG), US, 2 sheets; designated by Lorence & Dwyer, 1988). Didymaea Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. PI. 2(1): 150. 1873. Type: Didymaea mexicana Hook. f. Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standi, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1291. 1938. Nertera alsinoides Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea6:413. 1831. Type: MEXICO: Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo, Schiede & Deppe 1271 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.). Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standi, var. australis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1292. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Charpinteira [La Carpintiera], 1700 m, Nov 1908, A. Brade & A. C. Brade 2143 (Holotype F 838717 (photo PTBG)). —Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standi. Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standi, var. mollis Standi, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1292. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Cerro de Las Vueltas, 2700-3000 m, 29 Dec 1925-1 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 43949 (Holotype US 1253422 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standi. Didymaea australis (Standi.) L. O. Williams, Fieldiana: Bot. 24(11): 61. 1975. Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standi, var. australis Standi, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1292. Type: COSTA RICA: Charpinteira [La Carpintiera], 1700 m, Nov 1908, A. Brade & A. C. Brade 2143 (Holotype F 838717 (photo PTBG)). 1938.— Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl & Cham.) Standi. Didymaea floribunda Rzed., Bol Soc. Bot. Mexico 44: 12, fig. 1. 1983. Type: MEXICO: Distr. Federal, Del. Villa A. Obregon, Limbo, 2700 m, 4 Aug 1979, A. Ventura A. 3479 (Holotype ENCB). Didymaea hispidula L. O. Williams, Fieldiana: Bot. 24(11): 61. 1975. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, Sierra Madre Mountains about 6 km (airline) north of San Marcos, 2700 m, 13 Dec 1963, L. O. Williams, A. Molina R. & T. Williams 25896 (Holotype F 1655451 (photo PTBG)) Didymaea linearis Standi, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 297. 1929. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Real Alto, Pena Gorda, Sierra Madre Occidental, 2500 m, 21 Feb 1927, Y. Mexia 1726 (Holotype F 579896 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MO, PTBG; fragment F)). Didymaea mexicana Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. PI 2: 150. 1873. Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, Pico de Orizaba, 10000 ft., Bates s.n. (K, n.v.); Orizaba, Linden 1403 (K, n.v.), Galeotti 4405 (K, n.v.), Bourgeau 3050 (K, n.v.), F. Mueller 1519 (K, n.v.), F. Liebmann Rub. Mexic. 255 (K, n.v.). Didymaea microflosculosa L. O. Williams, Fieldiana: Bot. 24(11): 61. 1975. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, near Aldea Fraternidad, between San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta and Palo Gordo, west-facing slopes of the Sierra Madre Mountains, 1800-2400 m, 10-18 Dec 1963, L. O. Williams, A. Molina R. & T. Williams 25944 (Holotype F 1655450 (photo PTBG)). Didymaea microphylla L. O. Williams, Fieldiana: Bot. 24(11): 62. 1975. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, narrow ridge of Volcan Santo Tomas, 2500-3700 m, 22 Jan 1940, J. A. Steyermark 34790 (Holotype F 1038453 (photo PTBG)). Didymochlamys Hook, f , Icon. PI pi. 1122. 1872. Type: Didymochlamys whitei Hook. f. Didymochlamys connellii N. E. Br., Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Bot.), ser. 2, 6: 34, pi. 5,fig- 1-9. 1901. Type: VENEZUELA: Bolivar, Monte Roraima, 1050 m, McConnell & Quelch 714 (location unknown). Diodia L., Sp. PI. 1: 104. 1753; Gen. PI. ed. 5: 45. 1754. Type: Diodia virginiana L. Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. in Engler, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 10: 313. 1889. Spermacoce apiculata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 531. 1818. Type: BRAZIL: Hoffmanns egg s.n. (Holotype:B-W2626,n.v.) Diodia aspera Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 68. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Sierra de Tonala, C A. Purpus 6830 (Holotype UC 172537, n.v.). Mixed collection, with elements of both D. apiculata and D. teres. Diodia brasiliensis Spreng. var angulata (Benth.) Standi., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 90. 1935. Triodon angulatum Benth., PI. Hartweg. 70. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Teotolcingo, in montibus Chinantla, T. Hamveg 507 (Holotype K, n.v.).— Galianthe brasiliensis (Spreng.) E. L. Cabrera & Baciualupo ssp. angulata (Benth.) E. L. Cabrera & Bacigalupo. Diodia crassifolia Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 108. 1845. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, San Bias [near Tepic], Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, Diodia denudata Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 105. 1925. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Rio Tapia, 7 Dec 1923-1 1 Jan 1924, P. C. Standley 28123 (Holotype US 1 154022 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Diodia spicata Miq. Diodia erecta Sesse & Mo?., Fl. Mexic, ed 1 26. 1893 (La Naturaleza ser. II, 2. App. 2 1893). Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Oppidis S. Bernardi de Xochiatlam et Hueitlalpae. Floret Augusto ad Octobrim, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, Diodia indecora DC, Prodr. 4: 565. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Cordiere de Guehila, Oct 1827, M. Berlandier 1186 (Holotype G-DC, Diodia maritima Thonn. ex Schumach., Besk. Guin. PI. 75. 1827. Syntypes: AFRICA: in sabulosis subimmersis ad littora oceani in Guinea et ad Dakar prom, viridis Africa, Perrottets.n. and Leprieur s.n. (location unknown). — Diodia serrulata (P. Beauv.) G. Diodia ocymifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Bremek., Rec. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 31: 305. 1934. Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1819 [as ocimifolia]. Type: WEST INDIES: Without precise locality, 1768, Rudolphi s.n (presumably B-W, n.v.).— Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Diodia prostrata Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 218. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartz s.n. (Presumably herb. Heretier, S, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 562.9)).— Diodia teres Walter Diodia prostrata Sw. var. longiseta DC, Prodr. 4: 562. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 562.9)).— Diodia teres Walter Diodia pulchella Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 418. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Hacienda Monserrate, Sep 1923, C. A. Purpus 9221 (Holotype UC 223390, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photo PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. Diodia rigida (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 341. 1828. Spermacoce rigida Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. 3: 531. 1818. Not Diodia rigida Salisb. 1796. Type: VENEZUELA: Silla de Caracas, Humboldt & Bonpland (Holotype B- W 2628, n.v. (microfiche IDC 7440. 174. 111,4)).— Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. i Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 30. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: No specimen cited. A Swartz specimen would be a probable neorype according to Howard (1989). A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE serrulata P. Beauv., Fl. Oware Benin 1: 39, t. 23. 1805. Type: AFRICA: Nigeria, Palisot de Beauvois s.n. (presumably P, n.v.). Diodia spicata Miq., Stirp. Surin. Sel. 179, pi. 52. 1851. Type: SURINAM: Sylvarum prope Bergendaal, Oct, Focke [1140] (presumably U, n.v.; this is Miquel's lectotype according to Howard, 1989). Dasycephala. Diodia teres Walter, Fl. Carol. 87. 1788. Type: U.S.A.: In sabulosis sylvarum a Virginia ad Carolinam, Walter s.n. (location unknown.) Diodia teres Walter var. angustata A. Gray, Syn. Fl., ed. 2. 1(2): 35. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, between, San Pedro and Santa Cruz, Sep 1851, C. A. Wright 1122 (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Diodia teres Walter Diodia teres Walter subsp. angustata (A. Gray) Steyerm., Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 184. 1971. Diodia teres Walter var. angustata A. Gray, Syn. Fl. ed. 2 1(2): 35. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, between San Pedro and Santa Cruz, Sep 1851, C. A. Wright 1122 (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Diodia teres Walter Diodia teres Walter subsp. prostrata (Sw.) Steyerm., Acta Bot. Venez. 6: 185. 1971. Diodia prostrata Sw., Prodr. Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 30. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Loefling (location unknown).— Diodia teres Walter Diodia tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. 1:32. 1879. Spermacoce ? tetracocca M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Bruxelles 11: 132. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Santa Maria, cerca Morelia, H. Galeotti 2587 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype K, n.v.). — Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi, subsp. tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) W. H. Lewis & R. L. Oliv. Diodia tricocca Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 30. 1841. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Drummond U 7 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype G, n.v.). —Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi. Diodia villosa Sesse & Moc. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 562. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Sesse & Mocino sn. (presumably Herb. Dunat & Herb. Diphragmus C. Presl, Bot. Bermerk. 80. 1844. Type: Diphragmus scaber C. Presl. [Herein treated as synonym of Staelia Cham. & Schlechtendal.] Diphragmus scaber C. Presl, Bot. Bermerk. 81. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Mexico, precise locality and collector not cited. —Staelia scabra (C. Presl) Standi. Dressleriopsis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 153. 1980. Type: Dressleriopsis panamensis Dwyer [Herein treated as synonym of Lasianthus Jack.] Dressleriopsis panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 154. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, near La Eneida, beyond Cerro Jefe, 25 Jul 1968, R. Dressier 3560 (Holotype MO 2267568 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MEXU, US (photos MEXU. PTBG)). — Lasianthus panamensis (Dwyer) Robbr. Duggena Vahl in H. West, Bidr. Beskr. Ste. Croix 269. 1793. Nomen nudum. Type: Not cited. [Herein treated as a synonym of Gonzalagunia Ruiz & Pav.j Note: Standley (Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 124-125. 1916) transferred a number of names from Gonzalea and Gonzalagunia to Duggena, citing Duggena Vahl (in West 1793) as the oldest available generic name. However, Howard (1989: 417) notes that when H. West proposed the name, he "gave no generic description for Duggena, referring only to Barleria hirsuta Jacq. [Acanthaceae] while supplying the new name Duggena richardii. " Consequently Duggena Vahl in H. West is an invalid name. The reason Duggena was attributed to Vahl is that West (loc. cit. p. 263) stated the new names given in italics are Vahl's. Duggena bracteosa (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 125. 1916. Gonzalea bracteosa Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 33: 252. 1902. Type: COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Apr 1896, J. D. Smith 6583 (Holotype US 943468 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).- (Donn. Sm.) B. L. Duggena hayesii (Wernham) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 125. 1916, comb, inval. Gonzalea hayesii Wernham, J. Bot. 51:219. 1913. Type: PANAMA: Panama, in woods near Panama, Hayes s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.) ex DC.) Standi., Contr. 125. 1916, comb, inval. Gonzalea nivea Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 436. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). The specimen Lesta & Gomes 42 (W, n.v. (photo MO)) is not the type. — Rondeletia buddleoides Benth. Duggena ovatifolia (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 126. 1916, comb, inval. Gonzalea ovatifolia Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 336. 1899. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Atirro, J. D. Smith 6599 (Lectotype US 943467 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes F, n.v., GH, US). — Gonzalagunia ovatifolia (Donn. Sm ) B. L. Rob. Duggena panamensis (Cav.) Standi., Contr. U.S Natl. Herb. 18: 126. 1916, comb, inval. Buena panamensis Cav., Anal. Hist. Nat. 2: 279. 1800. Type: PANAMA: Lancon, Nee s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v.; Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) K. Schum. Duggena rudis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 125. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Panama, shady places along Rio Chagres at El Vigia, 12 Jan 191 1, H. Pittier 2378 (Holotype US ' 676602 (photo PTBG)).— Gonzalagunia rudis (Standi.) Standi. Duggena thyrsoidea (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 126. 1916, comb, inval. Gonzalea thyrsoidea Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 13: 188. 1888. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Berge bei Pansamala, 3800 ft., May 1887, H. von Tuerckheim 1249 (Holotype US 941409 iPers., Syn. 1:203. 1805, nom. superfl. Based on Hamelia patens Jacq. 1760. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hamelia Jacq.] Dunhamelia patens (Jacq.) Pers., Syn. 1: 203. 1805. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: Jacquin s.n. (location unknown).— Hamelia patens Dukea Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 360-367. 1966. Type: Dukea panamensis Dwyer. [Herein treated as a synonym of Raritebe Werhnam.] Dukea blumii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 365. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Colon, around Dos Bocas, Rio Fato Valley, H. Pittier 4223 (Holotype: MO 1227470 (photo PTBG); Isotype US). Raritebe. — Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Dukea darienensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 365. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Chepigana District, Cana-Cuasi Trail (Camp 2), M. E. Terry &R.A. Terry 1487 (Holotype MO 1 196543 (photo PTBG); Isotype F)). Raritebe.— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Dukea euryphylla (Standi.) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 366. 1966. Coussarea euryphylla Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 294. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Almirante (or Buena Vista Camp on Chiriqui Trail), G. P. Cooper 228 (Holotype F, n.v.). Raritebe. —Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Dukea panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 364. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cana and vicinity, 2000-6500 ft., 17 Apr-8 Jun 1908, E. L. Tyson, J. Dwyer & K. Blum 3326 (Holotype MO 2084467 (photo PTBG)). Raritebe.— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. k NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUB1ACEAE Dukea trifoliata Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 139. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Valle, potato farm above village of El Valle, 12 Jul 1962, J. D. Dwyer 1933 (Holotype MO 3831231 (photos MO, PTBG)). Raritebe.— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Dukea victoriae Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 364. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Pirre, cloud forest, Oct 1962, J. A. Duke 6099 (Holotype MO 1840647 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 1832075 (photo PTBG)). Raritebe.— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Duroia L. f, Suppl. PI. 209. 1781. Nomen. cons. Type: Duroia eriopila L. f. Duroia costaricensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 208. 1919. Type: COSTA RICA: Marais de Sierpe, Mar 1892, H. Pittier 6803 (Holotype US 938658 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). The name Duroia hirsuta (Poepp. & Endl.) K. Schum., an Amazonian species, was misapplied to this species by Dwyer (1980: 155). Duroia genipifolia Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 22: 186. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Rio Dulce, north side (right side going up river), sea level, 14 Apr 1940, J. A. Steyermark 39382 (Holotype F 1035218 (photo PTBG)). — Randia genipifolia (Standi. & Steyerm.) Duroia panamensis Dwyer in Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 38. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Duwebdulup Peak, N of Rio Teribe across from W. Huron (behind chiefs house), 300-900 ft., 13 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride &J.A. Duke 571 (Holotype MO 1968346); Isotype MO). — Hippotis albiflora H. Karst. Duroia utleyorum Dwyer in W. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 127. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Rincon de Osa, stream and slopes adjacent to Airfield, 20-300 m, 6-7 Feb 1974, R. L. Liesner 1774 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes MO 3030387 (photo PTBG), TEX-LL).— Alibertia l (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Edithea Standi., Trop. Woods 34: 1. 1933. Type: Edithea floribunda Standi. [Herein treated as a synonym of Deppea Cham. & Schltdl.] Edithea floribunda Standi, Trop. Woods 34: 1. 1933. Not Deppea floribunda Hemsl., 1879. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Malinantepec, Mar 1930, L. Schultze 363 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed, fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Deppea schultzei Lorence Eizia Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 50. 1940. Type: Eizia mexicana Standi. Eizia mexicana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 50. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Tacana, 1000-2000 m, Aug 1938, E. Matuda 2403 [sphalm. as 2402 in protologue] (Holotype MICH, n.v. (fragment and photo F); Isotypes A, n.v., TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG), US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Elaeagia Wedd., Monogr. Cinch. 94. 1849. Type: Elaeagia utilis (Goud.) Wedd. Elaeagia asperula Standi, ex Steyerm., Acta Biol. Venez. 4: 37. 1964. Type: COLOMBIA: Valle, Rio Calima (region del Choco), La Trojita, 5-50 m, 19 Feb-10 Mar 1944, J. Cuatrecasas 16647 (Holotype VEN, n.v.; Isotype F (photo PTBG)). Elaeagia auriculata Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 32. 1879. Type: COSTA RICA: Without precise locality, alt. 4500 ped., Endres 95 (Holotype K, n.v.) Elaeagia karstenii Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 50. 1930. Type: VENEZUELA: Near Colonia Tovar, 1854-55, A. Fendler 594 (Holotype GH, n.v., fragment F; Isotypes MO, NY, n.v.). Elaeagia myriantha (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & Hammel, No von 3: 490. 1993. Sickingia myriantha Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 27. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Magdalena, Las Nubes road, region of Santa Marta, 1200 m, 3 Dec 1898, H. H. Smith /S/0 (Holotype F 138660; Isotypes MO, NY, n.v., US, n.v., W, n.v., Y, n.v.). Holtonia, Simira. Elaeagia nitidifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 157. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, region of Cerro Jefe, ca. 1000 m, 3 Oct 1969, M. D. Correa A., R. L. Dressier, N. Escobar & W, H. Lewis 1608 (Holotype MO 2424954 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 2424954 (photo PTBG)). Elaeagia uxpanapensis Lorence, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 45: 66,,% /. 1983 (1984). Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Mun. de Matias Romero (Zona de Uxpanapa), a 2 km SE del aserradero La Floresta sobre el camino a Rio Verde, a 15 km S de Esmeralda, 250 m, 25 May 1981, T. Wendt, S. Koch, A. Villalobos & J. Garcia 3299 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes CHAPA (33 others were also distributed). Ereicoctis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 281. 1891. Type: Not designated. Ereicoctis acerosa (A. Gray) Kuntze, Rev. Gen PI. 1: 281. 1891. Hedyotis acerosa A Gray PI. Wright. 1: 81. 1852. U.S.A.: Texas, high prairies, from Live Oak Creek to the Las Moras, Jun 1849, C. Wright 237 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US).— Hedyotis acerosa A. Ereicoctis cervantesii (Kunth) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 281. 1891. Hedyotis cervantesii Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen Sp. 3: 390. 1820. Type: MEXICO: A. Bonplands.n. (presumably P-Bonpland, n.v ■ Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)).— Hedyotis cervantesii Kunth Enthalis P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 165, t. 17, fig. 3. 1756. Lectotype: Enthalis fruticosa L. Erithalis fruticosa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10 2 930 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Not designated, based on Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica t. 17, fig. 3. According to Howard (1989), a Browne figure or specimen would be a ' probable lectotype. Ernodea littoralis Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 29, pi. 223, tab. 4. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Not designated; Swartz referred to the Sloan and Browne descriptions. According to Howard (1989) a lectotype needs to be designated. Evea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guian. 1: 100, t. 39. 1775. nom. rej. vs. Cephaelis Sw. 1788, nom. cons. Type: Evea guianensis Aubl. [Herein treated as a synonym of Psychotria L.] Evea axillaris (Sw.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 123. 1916. Cephaelis axillaris Sw., Prodr. 3: 45. 1788. Not Psychotria axillaris Willd., 1798. Type: WEST INDIES: St. Christopher, Swartz s.n. (Holotype presumably S, n.v.). Tapogomea. —Psychotria aubletiana Steyerm. Evea chiapensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1392. 1926. Not Psychotria chiapensis Standi, 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, C. A. Purpus 6928 (Holotype US 567214 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Cephaelis, Psychotria.— Psychotria molinarum Lorence Evea dichroa Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 124. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chinqui, Cuesta de las Palmas, S slope of Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700-2100 m, 17-19 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3218 (Holotype US 677615 (photos MEXU, PBTG); Isotype F). Cephaelis. —Psychotria dichroa (Standi.) C. M. Taylor Evea elata (Sw.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 123. 1916. Cephaelis elata Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartz s.n. (presumably S, n.v.).— Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel Evea guapilensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 104. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, vicinity of Guapiles, 300-500 m, 12-13 Mar 1934, P. C. Standley 37025 (Holotype US 1153029 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Cephaelis. —Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) Hammel Evea ipecacuanha (Brot.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 123. 1916. Callicocca A NOMENCLATOR OF and Central ipecacuanha Brot., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 6: 137. 1802. Type: BRAZIL: Without precise locality, Gomez s.n. (presumably LISU, n.v.). Cephaelis. — Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes Evea nana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 105. 1925. Cephaelis nana (Standi.) Standi. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, hills N of Frijoles, 19 Dec 1923, P. C. Standley 27550 (Holotype US 1 153871 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Cephaelis.— Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) Hammel Evea tomentosa (Aubl.) Standi, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 123. 1916. Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 160. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Aublets.n. (Holotype presumably P or BM, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)). Cephaelis. — Psychotria poeppigiana Muell. Arg. Exandra Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 292. 1923. Type: Exandra rhodoclada Standi. [Herein treated as a synonym of Simira Aubl.] Exandra rhodoclada Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 292. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, between La Venta and Niltepec, 200 ft., 14 Jul 1895, E. W. Nelson 2796 (Holotype US 229232 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Simira rhodoclada (Standi.) Steyerm. Exostema (Pers.) Bonpl. in Humb. & Bonpl, PI. Aequin. 1: 131. 1807 ("1808"). Lectotype: Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. (designated by Rogers, 1987: 165). Exostema canescens Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 359. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 359.3)).— Status uncertain ("scarcely of this genus" according to Standley, 1926). Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 19. 1819. Cinchona caribaea Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: DOMINICA: Without precise locality, De Ponthieu s.n. (lectotype BM, n.v.; illustrated in Lambert, Desc. Cinchona 24, t. 4. 1797; designated by McDowell (1996b: 289)). Howard (1989) stated that no type specimens are known and a neotype needs to be designated. Later, T. McDowell, in his review of the genus, selected a lectotype from among original material. Exostema coulteri Hook. f. ex Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. 32. 1879, [as Exostemma]. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Zimapan, Coulter 209 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype MO). — Syringantha coulteri (Hook. f. ex Hemsl.) T. McDowell Exostema indutum Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 126. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Villa Alta, 3000 ft., Aug, H. Galeotti 2664 (Holotype US 572997; Isotypes P, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Exostema Exostema longicuspe Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 48. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: In insula San Lucas, Aug 1849, Oersted 11403 (Holotype C, n.v. (photo US)). — Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Roem. & Schult. Exostema mexicanum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 180. 1861. Type: MEXICO: [Presumably Veracruz] Prov. Huasteca, Wartenberg, near Tantoyuca, 1858, L. C Ervendberg 125 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Exostema occidentale Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 104. 1844. Type: COLOMBIA: Nariflo, Isla Gorgona, Barclay 354 or Hinds 354 (Holotype K, n.v.).— Rustia occidentalis (Benth.) Hemsl. Faramea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guian. 1: 192, t. 40. 1775. Type: Faramea corymbosa Aubl. Faramea altipetens Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 162. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacarcuna, south face of westernmost peak, lower montane wet forest, 1500 m, 30 Jan 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 14013 (Holotype MO 2272402 (photo PTBG)). Faramea belizensis Standi., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 90. 1935. Type: BRITISH HONDUDRAS (BELIZE): Camp 36, British a survey, 2800 ft., 1 Jul 1934, W. A. Schipp S-721 (Holotype F 733535 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F, G, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Faramea bocataurensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 163. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, eastern slope of La Zorra to Divide, mossy cloud forest, 19 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride &J.A. Duke 806 (Holotype MO 1968230 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MO 2165813 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea brachysiphon Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 62. 1930. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Middlesex, 200 ft., 17 Sep 1928, W. A. Schipp 345 (Holotype F 603047; Isotypes A, n.v., GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea bullata Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 294. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, region of Almirante, Kankintoe 10 miles above Holstein, Jan-Mar 1928, G. P. Cooper 507 (Holotype F 579385 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.).— Faramea trinervia K. Schum. Faramea capulifolia Dwyer in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 132. 1993. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Pure, ridgetop at 1200 m, J. P. Folsom 4262 (Holotype MO 2620580). Note: the following J. D. Dwyer but are not types: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Monteverde Cloud forest Reserve, 1500-1600 m, 8 Nov 1986, W. A. Haber ex E. Bello C. 6235 (MO 36482259, photo PTBG). PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Pirre, 10-20 Jul 1977, J. P. Folsom 4435 (MO 2620712 (photo PTBG)). Faramea caputanguis Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 29. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, 2900 ft., 29 Jul 1967, J. D. Dwyer & G. Gauger 7375 (Holotype MO 1961869; Isotypes GH, n.v., K, n.y., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, i.v., US).— Faramea papirifolia c Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor (Standi. < Faramea cobana Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 57: 422. 1914. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Coban, 1550 m, Jul 1912,//. von Tuerckheim 2474 (Holotype US 943628 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea correae C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 289, fig 1C, D. 1996. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Parque Nacional Altos de Campana, sendero de Interpretacion, 1 km al E del campamento de los guardaparques de INRENARE, 8°40'N, 79°55'W, 800-900 m, 9 Sep 1993, M. D. Correa A., E. Montenegro & E. Hidalgo 9983 (Holotype PMA 38229, n.v.; Isotypes MO 4641338,4658116). Faramea eurycarpa Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 44: 113. 1907. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, Dec 1898, A. Tonduz 12880 (Holotype US 943627 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (fragment F), GH, 2 sheets (photos PTBG), P, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea hondurae Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 169. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, La Hondura, 1400 m, 16 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 37890 (Holotype US 1 1 53 105 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea jefensis Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 56. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, eastern slope of Cerro Jefe in Clusia forest, 2700 ft., 8 Feb 1966, E. L. Tyson et al. 3396 (Holotype MO 1936328 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photo PTBG)). Faramea killipii Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 73. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Norte de Santander, Killip & Smith 20569 (Holotype US, n.v.). Faramea liebmannii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 343. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Tepitapa, F. Liebmann 11404 (Liebm. Rubiaceae Mexic. 105) (Holotype presumably C, n.v.; Isotype US). Faramea liesneri Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 167. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, road to Carti (San Bias), 19 km north of El Llano, ca. 500 m, 13 Mar 1973, P. Busey i NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RtJBIACEAE 913 (Holotype MO 2106781 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea loftonii Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 56. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, in Clusia forest, 2700-3000 ft., 27 Jan 1966, E. L. Tyson, J. D. Dwyer & K. Blum 3323 (Holotype MO 1824505 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)).— Coussarea loftonii (Dwyer & Hayden) Dwyer Faramea luteovirens Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 138. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Loma de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), 10-104 m, Aug 191 1, H Pittier 4098 (Holotype US 679194 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea multiflora A. Rich., Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 176. 1834. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Richard s.n. (Holotype presumably P,n.v.). & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana: Bot., n.s. 33: 134. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, Las Brisas de Pacuarito, Siquirres, 300 m, 18 Apr 1985, L. D. Gomez, C Herrera, E Herrera & W. Murillo 23401 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype MO 3648258 (photo PTBG)). Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich., Mem. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 5: 176. 1834. Ixora occidentalis L., Syst., ed. 10, 2: 893. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Based on P. Browne, Hist. Jam. t. 6,f. 2 (LINN, n.v.), and Plumier, Icon. tab. 156, f. 2 (ed. Burmannus). Steyermark (1974: 947) suggested the type was from Jamaica, thus selecting the Browne reference over that of Plumier within the references given by Linnaeus. Faramea ovalis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 138. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, forests along Rio Ladrillo and vicinity, above El Boquete, 1200-1300 m, W. R. Maxon 5397 (Holotype US 675764 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea papirifolia (Standi, ex Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 210. 1996. Cephaelis papirifolia Standi, ex Steyerm., Acta Biol. Venez. 4: 21. 1964. Type: COLOMBIA: Valle, Rio Calima (region del Choco), margen derecha, lomas frente a quebrada de la Brea, 30-50 m, 18, 22 May 1946, J. Cuatrecasas 21078 (Holotype US 2825318, n.v.; Isotypes COL, n.v., VEN, n.v.). Faramea papulata Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 57. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, in Clusia forest, 2700-3000 ft., 27 Jan 1966, E L. Tyson. J. Dwyer & K. Blum 3284 (Holotype MO 1831279 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea parvibracteata Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 17: 376. 1967. Type: VENEZUELA: Terr. Fed. Amazonas, Cafio Tamatama, Rio Orinoco, 150 m, 12 Sep 1954, S. Silverio Level 145 (Holotype NY, n.v.). Faramea pauciflora Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 172. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Valley of Rio Dos Bocas along road between Escuela Agricola Alta Piedra and Calovebora, 15.6 km northwest of Santa Fe, 450-550 m, 31 Aug 1974, T B. Croat 27575 (Holotype MO 2201361 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Faramea permagnifolia Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 298, fig. IB. 1996. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, in forest ca. 9 km W of Rincon on road to Rancho Quemado, 8°39'N, 83°32'W, 200 m, 26 May 1986, B. Hammel, M. Grayum & G. de Nevers 15212 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes MO 46581 14, MO 46581 15). Faramea quercetorum Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 168. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, oak forest near Quebradillas, north of Santa Maria de Dota, 1800 m, 24 Dec 1925, P. C Standley 42999 (Holotype US 1253066 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Faramea ovalis Standi. Faramea sanblasensis C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 300, fig. I A. 1996. Type: PANAMA: Comarca de San Bias, Cerro Brewster, headwaters of Rio Cangandi, 9°18'N, 79° 16'W, 630 m, 24 Apr 1985, G. de Nevers, H Herrera, B. Hammel & S. Charnley 5491 (Holotype PMA 38230, n.v.; Isotype MO 4658117). Faramea scalaris Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 139. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, humid forest between Altos de las Palmas and top of Cerro de la Horqueta, 2100-2268 m, 18 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3265 (Holotype US 677656 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea schultesii Standi., Bot. Mus. Leaf!. Harvard Univ. 9: 194. 1941. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. Choapam [Choapan], Cerro de Lalana, near San Juan Lalana, in forest, long. 95°45', lat. 17°25\ 1300 m, 11 May 1939, R E. Schultes & B. P. Reko 855 (Holotype F 1016864 (photo PTBG)). Faramea sessifolia P. H. Allen, Rain Forests Golfo Dulce 409. 1956. Type: COSTA RICA: Esquinas Forest, area between the Rio Esquinas and Palmar, 200 ft., 22 May 1950, P H. Allen 5539 (Holotype US 2215891 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, 2 sheets). Faramea standleyana L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 490. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Cerro San Gil, rocky slopes along Rio Frio, 75 m, 17 Dec 1941, J. A. Steyermark 39962 (Holotype F 1 134267 (photo PTBG)).— Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Faramea stenophylla Standi., J. Wash. Acad Sci. 18: 169. 1928. Type: HONDURAS: Cuyamel, on hills, 29 Mar 1924, M. A. Carleton 592 (Holotype US 1208399 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea stenura Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 331. 1929 Type: HONDURAS: Dept. Atlantida, in wet forest near summit of mountains above Lancetilla Valley, 600 m, 13 Mar 1928, P C Standley 56743 (Holotype F 581582 (photo PTBG); Isotype US 1409383 (photos MEXU PTBG)). Faramea suerrensis (Dorm. Sm.) Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 44: 112. 1907. Faramea trinervia K. Schum. & Donn. Sm. var. suerrensis Donn. Sm., Bot Gaz (Crawfordsville) 31: 115. 1901. Type- COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Feb 1896, J. D. Smith 6589 (Holotype US 943626 (photos MEXU PTBG); Isotype US 943624 (photos MEXU Faramea talamancarum Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 332. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Talamanca Valley, 3 Feb 1921, M. A. Carleton 135 (Holotype F 578962 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Faramea multiflora A. Rich. Faramea terryae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 189. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Chepigana Distr., Cana-Cuasi Trail (Camp 2), 3000 ft., 10 Mar 1940, M. E. Terry & R. A. Terry 1479 (Holotype F 1034536 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Faramea trinervia K. Schum. & Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 1 15. 1901. Type: COSTA RICA: Talamanca, forets de la Boca de Zhorquin, Mar 1894, A. Tonduz 8571 (Holotype US 943623 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Faramea trinervia K. Schum. & Donn. Sm. var. suerrensis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 31: 115. 1901. Type: COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Feb 1896, J. D. Smith 6589 (Holotype US 943626 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 943624 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Faramea suerrensis (Donn. Sm.) Donn. Sm. Faramea woodsonii Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 470. 1921. Type: PANAMA: Code, North rim of El Valle de Anton, near Cerro Turega, 650-700 m, 30 Jun 1940, R. E. Woodson, Jr. & R. W. Schery 164 (Holotype F 1085608 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v., MO (photo PTBG)). Faramea zetekii Standi., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 147. 1933. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, shore of cove W of Fuertes House, 21 Feb 1932, R. H. Woodworth &P.A. Vestal 641 (Holotype A, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO (photo PTBG)). —Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Ferdinandusa Pohl, PI. Bras. Icon. Descr. 2: 8. 1828-1829. (Substitute name for Ferdinandea Pohl, 1827, not Ferdinanda Lagasca, 1816). Type: Ferdinandusa speciosa Pohl i. NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 11. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 3: 34. 1952. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, vicinity of Chinqui Lagoon, Fish Creek, 15 Apr 1941, H. von Wedel 2232 (Holotype F 1 120423 (photo PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Froelichia Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 3. 1796. Type: Froelichia paniculata Willd. [Herein treated as a synonym of Coussarea Aubl.] Froelichia paniculata Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 3. 1796. Type: TRINIDAD: Rynan s.n. (C, n.v.). —Coussarea paniculata (Vahl) Standi. Galianthe Griseb., Abh. Konigl. Ges. Wissensch. Gottingen 24: 157. 1879. Type: Galianthe fastigiata Griseb. Galianthe brasiliensis (Spreng.) E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo subsp. angulata (Benth.) E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 84: 863. 1997. Triodon angulatum Benth., PI. Hartweg. 70. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Teotolcingo in montibus Chinantla, T. Hartweg 507 (Holotype K, n.v.). Diodia, Triodon. Galium L., Sp. PI. 1: 105. 1753. Type: Galium verum L. Nom. et typ. cons. prop, (see Jarvis, Taxon41:563. 1992). Galium aculeolatum Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 27. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Baja California del Sur, north ridge of Cerro Azufre, R. Moran 18755 (Holotype UC 200580, n.v.). Galium andrewsii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 6: 537. 1865. Syntypes: U.S.A.: California, without precise locality, Andrews s.n. (GH, n.v.), Shelton s.n. (GH, n.v.). Galium angulosum A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 11: 74. 1876. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Guadalupe Island, 1875, E. Palmer 36 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., UC, n.v.). Galium angustifolium Nutt. in Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 22. 1841. Type: U.S.A.: California, San Francisco (probably from , Douglas (Holotype PH, Galium aschenbornii S. Schauer, Linnaea 20: 701. 1847. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Zimapan, Aschenborn 92 (Holotype presumably B, n.v., fragment JE, n.v.). Galium aparine L., Sp. PI. 108. 1753. Type: EUROPE: (LINN, n.v.). Naturalized in northern Mexico. Galium carmenicola Dempster, Madrono 23: 313. 1974. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Mina El Popo, ca. 2 km south of Canon El Diablo on east slope of Sierra del Carmen, M. Johnston et al. J 1921 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes MEXU, TEX, n.v.). Galium carterae Dempster, Brittonia 22: 184. 1970. Type: MEXICO: Baja California del Sur, Sierra de la Giganta, head of south branch of Canada de Teojo in vicinity of Portezuelo de Peloteado (southwest of Notri), A. Carter & Medellin-Leal 4656 (Holotype UC. Galium coronadoense Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 31. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Coronado Islands, South Island, R. Moran 8317 (Holotype UC M243903, n.v.; Isotypes DS, n.v., RSA, n.v., SD, n.v.). Galium correllii Dempster, Sida 3: 249. 1968. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Val Verde Co., Eagle Nest (Langtry) Canyon, E edge of Langtry, 9 May 1967, D. S. Correll 34155 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes ENCB, TEX-LL, n.v., US (photo PTBG)). Galium dempsterae B. L. Turner, Madrono 30: 31. 1983. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, NW slope of Cerro Pena Nevada, ca. 7 km NE of San Antonio Pena Nevada (ca. 30 km NW of Doctor Arroyo), Jul 1977, C. Wells & G. Nesom 514 (Holotype TEX-LL, n.v.). Galium denticulatum Barfl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 612. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Real del Monte, Haenke (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.; Isotypes GOET, n.v., W, n.v.). Galium diabolense Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 28. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Canon del Diablo, N and W of Picacho del Diablo, E flank of Sierra San Pedro Martir, 4000 ft., 14 Jun 1954, Chambers 571 (Holotype UC M034766, n.v.; Isotype DS, n.v.). Galium fendleri A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 60. 1849. Type: U.S.A.: New Mexico, Santa Fe Co., valley of Santa Fe Creek, Fendler 288 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes DS, n.v., UC, n.v.). Galium fuscum M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Bruxelles 11: 126. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, cordillera, H. Galeotti 2633 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype K, n.v.). Galium fuscum M. Martens & Galeotti subsp. altiplanicum Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 16. 1973. Type: MEXCICO: Jalisco, near Guadalajara, C. G. Pringle 5046 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype MEXU). Galium fuscum M. Martens & Galeotti subsp. guerrericum Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 19. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, between Chilapa and Tixtla, 5200-7000 ft., E. W. Nelson 2166 (Holotype US, n.v.; Isotype GH, n.v.). Galium fuscum M. Martens & Galeotti subsp. hypadenium (S. Schauer) Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 16. 1973. Galium hypadenium S. Schauer, Linnaea 20: 700. 1847. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, dry limestone ledges near Tehuacan, 5000 ft., 27 Aug 1897, C. G. Pringle 6694 (Neotype UC 102526, n.v.; Isoneotypes BM, n.v., F, GH, n.v., K, n.v., MEXU, MICH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., US; designated by Dempster, 1973a). Galium galeottianum Walp., Rep. Bot. Syst. 6: 17. Sept. 1846, nom. superfl. Based on Rubia acuminata M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Belg. 11: 127. 1844. Not Galium acuminatum Ball, 1873. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, Tehuacan, 5000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2362 (Lectotype K, n.v.; Isolectotype P, n.v. (photo MO); designated by Dempster, 1973a).— Galium aschenbornii S. Schauer Galium geminiflorum M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Bruxelles 11: 126. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, regiones du pic d'Orizaba, vers 9500 pieds, H. Galeotti 2604 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype K, n.v.). i S. Schauer Galium glaberrimum Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 3: 53. 1878. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Rubiaceae Mexic. Liebmann 220 (= Liebmann PI. Mex. 11426) (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Galium hypadenium S. Schauer, Linnaea 20: 700. 1847. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Aschenborn 396 (Holotype B, n.v., presumably destroyed). Neotype: MEXICO: Puebla, dry limestone ledges near Tehuacan, 5000 ft., 27 Aug 1897, C. G. Pringle 6694 (UC 102526, n.v.; Isoneotypes BM, n.v., F, GH, n.v., K, n.v., MEXU, MICH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., US; designated by Dempster, 1973a). — Galium fuscum M. Martens & Galeotti subsp. hypadenium (S. Schauer) Dempster Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. I. 4: 351. 1861. Valantia hypocarpia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1307. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Rubia I, Browne, Hist. Jamaica 141 (LINN, n.v.). Galium hypocarpium (L.) Fosberg, Sida 2: 386. 1966, redundant combination. Relbunium. Galium hystricocarpum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 464. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, cool cliffs and ledges, mountains near Chihuahua, 23 Oct 1886, C. G. Pringle 741 (Holotype US 19277 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes BM, n.v., GH, n.v., K, n.v., MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., RSA, n.v., TEX-LL, n.v., UC, n.v., US, 2 sheeets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Galium iltisii Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: S,fig. 1. 1978. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Sierra Madre del Sur, along the Milpillas- Atoyac road, ca. 13 mi NE of Puerto del Gallo, J. Reveal et al. 4306 (Holotype UC 1415881, n.v.). Galium jalapense Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 591. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, in sylvis umbrosis Jalapae, Schiede & Deppe 247 (Holotype HAL, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Galium triflorum Michx. Galium juniperinum Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 1 14. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Mun. Galeana, within ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 1 mi of Galeana, earth wall of canyon, 5400 ft, 4 Aug 1939, V. H. Chase 7772 (Holotype F 1002599 (photo PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., TEX- LL, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Galium lacriforme Dempster, Madrono 23: 108. 1975. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, in oak-pine forest 8 mi east of Dulces Nombres, 1550 m, 18 Jun 1948, F. G. Meyer & D. J. Rogers 2586 (Holotype MO 1597282 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes BM, n.v., BR, n.v., GH. Galium leucotrichum Hemsl., Diagn. PL Nov. Mexic. 53. 1880. Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, region of Orizaba, Muller 1 74 (K, n.v., GH, n.v.), Bourgeau 3125 (K, n.v., P, n.v., fragment F), Sumichrast 514 (K, n.v.); Puebla, Tehuacan, F. Liebmann 238 (K, n.v.). — Galium fuscum M. Martens & Galeotti subsp. hypadenium (S. Schauer) Dempster Galium martirense Dempster & Stebbins, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot., 46: 50. 1968. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, the Oaks Pasture, NE Meling Ranch (Rancho San Jose), east of San Telmo, 5600 ft., 3 Jun 1964, L. T. Dempster & L. Cory 3987 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotype F (photo PTBG)). Galium mechudoense Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 15. 1978. Type: MEXICO: Baja California del Sur, vicinity of Cerro Mechudo, on talus and steep eastern escarpment south of Portezuelo de San Antonio, 1 Nov 1971, R. Moran 18852 (Holotype UC 1432117, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Galium mexicanum Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 337. 1818. subsp. mexicanum. Neotype: MEXICO: Guanajuato, 1 8 miles east of Guanajuato on road to Dolores, Hidalgo, O. Solbrig & R. Ornduff 4540 (UC, n.v.; designated by Dempster, 1976). Galium mexicanum Kunth subsp. asperrimum (A. Gray) Dempster, Madrono 23: 384. 1976. Galium asperrimum A. Gray, PI. Fendl. 60. 1879. Type: U.S.A.: New Mexico, Santa Fe, Fendler 289 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO, UC, n.v.). Galium mexicanum Kunth subsp. flexicum Dempster, Madrono 23: 384. 1976. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Brewster Co., Chisos Mountains, C. H. Mueller 8281 (Holotype TEX, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., MICH, n.v., NY,: Galium mexicanum Kunth var. glabratum Greenm., Contr. Gray Herb., n.s. 14: 458. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, west slope of Mt. Zempoaltepec, 7700-8000 ft., 5-13 Jul 1894, E. W. Nelson 583 (Holotype US 569280 (photo PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Galium mexicanum Kunth subsp. mexicanum Galium mexicanum Kunth var. platyphylhim Greenm., Contr. Gray Herb., n.s. 14: 458. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, near San Cristobal, 7000-8800 ft., 18 Sep 1895, E. W. Nelson 3165 (Lectotype US 233084 (photo PTBG); Isolectotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)); designated by Dempster, 1976). — Galium mexicanum Kunth subsp. mexicanum Galium microphyllum A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 80. 1852. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Jeff David Co., Mountains at the pass of the Limpia...and in the valley of the Limpia, Aug 1 849, C. Wright 234 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Relbunium. Galium moranii Dempster, Brittoma 22: 190. 1970. subsp. moranii. Type: MEXICO: Baja California del Sur, Sierra de la Giganta, Arroyo Hondo, north side of Cerro Giganta, 840 m, 14 Oct 1966, A. Carter & M. Sousa S. 5172 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Galium moranii Dempster subsp. aculeolatum (Dempster) Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 19. 1978. Galium aculeolatum Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 27. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Baja California del Sur, north side of Cerro Azufre, R. Moran 18755 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotype SD, n.v.). Galium nelsonii Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 460. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, summit of Mt. Zempoaltepec, 1 1400 ft., 9 Jul 1894, E. W. Nelson 628 (Holotype US 569281 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, — Galium uncinulatum DC. Galium nuttalii A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 80. 1852. Based on Galium suffruticosum Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Am. 2: 21. 1841. Not Galium suffruticosum Hook. & Am., 1833. Type: U.S.A.: California, San Diego, Nuttall s.n. (Holotype GH, n.v.). Galium nuttaUii subsp. ovalifolium (Dempster) Dempster & Stebbins, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 46: 37. 1968. Based on Galium nuttaUii A. Gray var. ovalifolium Dempster, Bnttonia 10: 183. 1958. Not Galium ovalifolium Schott f. ex Schult., 1827. Type: U.S.A.: California, Humboldt Co., Blue Slide, Van Duzen River, Tracy 6816 (Holotype JEPS, n.v.).— Galium porrigens Dempster Galium obstipum Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 592. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, in sylvis umbrosis Jalapae, May 1829, Schiede & Deppe 248 (Holotype HAL (n.v.); Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., P, n.v. (photo MO), fragment F, W, n.v.).— Galium unehmLiium DC. Galium oresbium Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 462. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Sierra de la Silla, dry mountain walls, 16 Jul 1889, C. G Pringle 2542 (Holotype US 19288 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes BR n.v., F, GH, n.v., M, n.v., MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v RSA n v US, n.v.). Galium orizabense Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov Mexic. 3: 54. 1878. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Botteri 838 (Lectotype K n.v; Isolectorypes BM, n.v., P, n.v., fragment F; designated by Dempster, 1978.) Galium pendulum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad Arts 41: 249. 1905. Type: MEXIO hanging (5-8 ft.) from wet cliffs and banks, barranca below Trinidad Iron Works, 5200 ft 6 May 1904, C. G Pringle 8985 (Holotype US 461457; Isotypes BM, n.v., CAS, n.v. GH, n.v., K, n.v., M, n.v., MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v. PH n.v POM, n.v., UC, n. MEXU, PTBG)). , US 1133652 (photos Galium pennellii Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 73: 31. 1978. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Sierra Madre Oriental, Alvarez, Sierra de Alvarez, rocky crevices of limestone, 2200-2400 m, 30-31 Jul 1934, W. Pennell J 7853 (Holotype PH, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MEXU, MICH, n.v., NY, n.v.). Galium porrigens Dempster, Madrono 22: 313. 1974. Based on Galium nuttaUii A. Gray var. ovalifolium Dempster, Brittonia 10: 183. 1958. Not Galium ovalifolium Schott ex Schult. & Schult f., 1827. Type: U.S.A.: California, Humboldt Co., Blue Slide, Van Duzen River, Tracy 6816 (Holotype JEPS, n.v.). Galium praetermissum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 306. 1897. Type: MEXICO: Distr. Federal, pine woods, base of Sierra de Ajusco, 8000 ft., 19 Sep 1896, C. G. Pringle 6596 (Holotype US 287866 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes CAS, n.v., ENCB, F, GH, n.v., M, n.v., MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., UC, n.v., US, 2 sheets). Galium pringlei Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 458. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, shaded ledges of the Sierra Madre near Monterrey, 9 Jul 1888, C. G. Pringle 1884 (Holotype US 19276 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes BM, n.v., BR, n.v., GH, n.v., K, n.v., M, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, . RSA. . UC, Galium proliferum A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 67. 1853. Based on Galium virgatum var. diffusum A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 80. 1852. Not Galium diffusum Clas in Gay, 1848. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, high, rocky hills of the Pecos, Jun 1851, C. Wright 1112 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), UC, n.v., US (photo PTBG)). Galium quichense Dempster, Phytologia 26: 12. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, near junction of Nebaj road with road between Sacapulas and Cunen, Proctor 25139 (Holotype TEX-LL, n.v.; Isotypes IJ, n.v., UC,n.v.). Galium repens Sesse & Mo?., Fl. Mexic. 24. 1893. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in pratis arenosis de Calpulalpam, Sesse & Mocino s.n. ^NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRA! A\li RU A\ Rl HI \( 1 \i (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain, probably Galium microphyllum A. Gray hrockii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 203. 1882. Type: U.S.A.: Arizona, Camp Crittenden, Rothrock 675 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype NY, n.v.).— Galium wrightii A. Gray Galium rzedowskii Dempster, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 35: 13. 1975. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Aguaje de Garcias, 10 km al oeste de Guadalcazar, J. Rzedowski 4693 (Holotype ENCB; Isotype MEXU). Galium seatonii Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 460. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Distr. Federal, Serrania de Ajusco, 10000 ft., 6 Sep 1896, C. G Pringle 6461 (Lectotype US 96421 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes B, n.v., GH, n.v., MEXU, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v., PH, n.v., UC, n.v.; designated by Dempster, 1978). Galium sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster, Phytologia 26: 221. 1973. Relbunium sphagnophilum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 468. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra de Clavellinas, C. G. Pringle 5812 (Holotype GH, n.v.). Galium sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster var. mazocarpum (Greenm.) Dempster, Phytologia 26: 222. 1973. Relbunium mazocarpum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 250. 1905. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, moist banks, barranca below Trinidad Iron Works, 5500 ft., 6 May 1904, C. G. Pringle 8834 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MEXU, UC, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Galium stellatum Kellogg, Proc. Calif. Acad. 2: 97, fig. 26. 1861. [1863]. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Cedros Island, Veatch s.n. (Holotype CAS, n.v.). Galium suffruticosum Nutt. in Ton. & A. Gray. Fl. N. Amer. 2: 21. 1841. Horn. Illeg. Not Galium suffruticosum Hook. & Arn., 1833. Type: U.S.A.: California, San Diego, Nuttall s.n. (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Galium nuttallii Galium trifidum L., Sp. PI. 1: 105. 1753. Type: CANADA: Kalm (presumably LINN, n.v.). Galium triflorum Michx., Fl. 1: 80. 1803. Type: CANADA: Location and collector unknown (presumably P, n.v.). Galium uncinulatum DC, Prodr. 4: 600. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Between Tampico and Real del Monte, Berlandier 342 (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 600.55); Isotype W, n.v.). Galium uncmulatum DC var. nanum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 33: 459. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Midler 1523 (Holotype NY, n.v.; Isotype GH, n.v.). — Galium orizabense Hemsl. Galium wopetalum Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer.. Bot. 2: 66. 1881, nom. superfl. Based on Rubia acuminata M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 1 1: 127. 1844. Not Galium acuminatum Ball, 1873. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, Tehuacan, 5000 ft., H. Galeotti 2362 (Lectotype K, n.v.; Isolectotype P, n.v. (photo MO); designated by Dempster, 1973b).— Galium aschenbornii S. Schauer Galium volcanense Dempster, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 64: 27. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Baja California del Sur, north ridge of Cerro Azufre, R. Moran 18753 (Holotype UC 1380662, n.v.; Isotype GH, n.v.). Galium wigginsii Dempster, Brittonia 22: 188. 1970. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, meadow at La Encantada, Sierra San Pedro Martir, 2200 m, 18 Sep 1930, /. L. Wiggins & D. Demaree 4879 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes DS, n.v., F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Galiium wrightii A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 80. 1852. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Jeff Davis Co., pass of the Limpia, Aug 1849, C. Wright 235 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype NY, n.v.). Galium wrightii A. Gray var. latifolium B. L. Rob. & Femald, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 30: 116. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, Sierra de las Gronillas, 5800 ft., 2 Oct 1890, C. V. Hartman 58 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., F, n.v., NY, n.v., UC, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Galium wrightii A. Gray Galium wrightii A. Gray var. rothrockii (A. Gray) Ehrend., Contr. Dudley Herb. 5: 99. 1958. Galium rothrockii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 203. 1882. Type: U.S.A.: Arizona, Camp Crittenden, Rothrock 675 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype NY, n.v.). litiiA. Gray Garapatica H. Karat, Linnaea 30: 143. 1859. Type: Garapatica edulis H. Karst. Garapatica edulis (L. C. Rich.) H. Karst., Fl. Columb. 1: 57, /. 28. 1860. Genipa edulis L. C. Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Guyana, Richard s.n. (Holotvpe P, n.v.; Isotype F 971706 (photo PTBG)).— Alibertia edulis (L. C.Rich.) A. Rich. Gardenia J. Ellis, Phil. Trans. 51: 935, t. 23. 1761 (nom. cons.). Type: Gardenia' jasminoides J. Ellis Gardenia armata Svv., Prodr. Fl. Veg. Ind. Occ. 51. 1788. Type: COLOMBIA: Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (Lectotype: Swartz's plate; designated by Taylor & Lorence, 1993). — Randia armata (Sw.) DC. Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr., Interpret. Rumph. Herb. Amboin. 485. 1917. Vameria augusta L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 136. 1759. Type: Not cited; the description and illustration may be taken as the type according to Smith (1974). Frequently cultivated in Mexico and Mesoamerica. I rardenia edulis (Rich.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. Suppl. 2: 708. 1812. Genipa edulis Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 17792. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Guyane, without precise locality, Richard s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.; Isotype F 971706 (photo PTBG)).-Alibertia edulis (R lc h.) A. Rich. Gardenia laccifera Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic ed. 2, 54. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Ayecapixtla haud procul ab Eclesia. Floret Aprih, Sesse & Mocitio s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain, probably Randia sp. (protologue states twigs have paired spines). Gardenia mexicana Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic ed. 2, 54. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in' Ayacapixtla. Floret Aprili, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain, probably Randia sp. (protologue states twigs have 4 spines). Gardenia schiedeana Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 601. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, prope Actopan, Schiede s.n. (presumably HAL, n.v.). — Status uncertain, possibly synonymous with Randia monantha Benth. (1841); perhaps the oldest available epithet fo Genipa L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 931. 1759. Type: Genipa americana L. Genipa americana L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 931. 1759. Lectotype: BRAZIL: Janipaba Piso & Marcgraf, Hist. Nat. Bras. 52, Ic. 1648. (Lectotype designated by Howard, 1989.) Genipa americana L. var. caruto (Kunth) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 352. 1889. Genipa caruto Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 407. 1820. Type: In riparia Orinoci et Fluminis Nigri, prope Caracas [VENEZUELA] et Carthagena [COLOMBIA], Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.). For typification see Steyermark, 1972: 349.— Genipa Genipa caruto Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 407. 1820. Type: In riparia Orinoci et Fluminis Nigri, prope Caracas [VENEZUELA] et Carthagena [COLOMBIA], Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.). For typification see Steyermark, 1972: 349.— Genipa americana L. Genipa cinerea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 93. 1897. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Acapulco and vicinity, Oct 1894-Mar 1895, E. Palmer 348 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia cinerea (Fernald) Standi. Genipa codonocalyx Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 446. 1914. Type: COSTA RICA: Boca Matapalo, cordon littoral du Pacifique, 10 Apr 1898, H. Pittier 12085 (Holotype US 577536 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US). — Genipa americana L. Genipa curviflora Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 64: 184. 1980. Type: PANAMA: t NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN / } Central American Rubiaceae Panama, along El Llano-Carti Road, 8 km north of Pan American Highway at El Llano, 450 m, 5 Mar 1974, M. Nee & R. Warmbrodt 10347 (Holotype MO 2579400 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Genipa echinocarpa (Moc. & Sesse ex DC.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 380. 1886. Randia echinocarpa Moc. & Sesse ex DC, Prodr. 4: 385. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Fl. Mexic. Ic. t. 469 (caique G-DC, n.v.; copies MEXU, US). Basanacantha.— Randia echinocarpa Moc. & Sesse ex DC. Genipa edulis Rich., Act. Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1 : 107. 1792. Type: FRENCH GUYANA: Guyane, without precise locality, Richard s.n. (Holotype presumably P, n.v.; Isotype F 971706 (photo PTBG)).— Alibertia edulis (Rich.) A. Rich, ex DC. Genipa maxonii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 642. 1918. Type: PANAMA: Panama, forest along the Rio Indio de Gatun, Canal Zone, near sea level, 17 Feb 191 1, W. R. Maxon 4848 (Holotype US 675223 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sickingia.— Simira maxonii (Standi.) Steyerm. Genipa venosa Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 168. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, El Arenal, wet forest, 485-600 m, 18-19 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 45269 (Holotype US 1254013 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US).— Genipa americana L. Genipa vulcanicola Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 213. 1937. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, Volcan de Atitlan, 7700 ft., 24 Oct 1934, A. F. Skutch 1512 (Holotype F 813461 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Glossostipula concinna (Standi.) Genipa williamsii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8: 642. 1918. Type: PANAMA: Cana and vicinity, 17 Apr-8 Jun 1908, R. S. Williams 814 (Holotype US 678301 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Gentiana L. [Gentianaceae] Gentiana nigricans Lam., Encycl. 2: 645. 1788. Type: MEXICO: Collector and locality Geocardia Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 444. 1914. Published as a substitute name for Geophila D. Don, 1825 (nom. cons.), non Bergeret, 1803 (nom. rej.). [Herein treated as a synonym of Geophila D. Don.] Geocardia pleuropoda (Donn. Sm.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 445. 1914. Geophila pleuropoda Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 52: 50. 1911. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Secanquim trail to Sepaquite, 4000 ft., 5 Feb 1904, G. P. Golls.n. (Holotype US 860647 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Coccocypselum i Nees & Mart. Geophila D. Don, Prodr. Fl. Nepal. 136. 1825. Nom. cons. Not Geophila Bergeret, 1803. Type: Geophila reniformis D. Don, nom. illeg. (= Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) K. Schum.). Geophila cordifolia Miq., Stirp. Sunn. Sel. 176. 1850. Type: SURINAM: Without precise locality, Kappler 1896 (location unknown). Geophila croatii Steyerm., Phytologia 35: 401. 1977. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, Zetek Trail, 3 Oct 1968, T. B. Croat 6647 (Holotype MO 1969871 (photo PTBG)).— Geophila gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Geophila gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC, Prodr. 4: S37. 1830. Psychotria gracilis Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 63, t. 211, fig. C. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Pillao et Pueblo Nuevo, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Presumably MA, Geophila herbacea (Jacq.) K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4, 4: 119. 1891. Psychotria herbacea Jacq., Enum. Pi. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: MARTINIQUE: Without precise locality, Jacquin (location unknown). —Geophila repens (L.) I. M. Johnst. Geophila macropoda (Ruiz & Pav.) DC, Prodr. 4: 537. 1830. Psychotria macropoda Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 63, pi. 211, fig. b. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Nemonbus secus Pillao ad Iscutunam, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Presumably MA, n.v.). Coccocypselum. Geophila pleuropoda Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 52: 50. 1911. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Secanquim, trail to Sepacuite, 4000 ft., 5 Feb 1905, G. P. Golls.n. (Holotype US 860647 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coccocypselum, Geocardia. — Coccocypselum cordifolium Nees & Mart. Geophila repens (L.) I. M. Johnst., Sargentia 8: 281. 1949. Rondeletia repens L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 2: 928. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Sloane s.n. (Lectotype: Sloane Herb, iv.iii, n.v.; designated by Howard, 1989). Geophila trichogyne (Muell. Arg.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 423. 1931. Mapouria trichogyne Muell. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6: 426. 1881. Type: BRAZIL: Habitat in prov. do Alto Amazonas, prope Manaos ad Rio Negro, Spruce s.n. (B, presumably destroyed).— Geophila cordifolia Miq. Gerontogea Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 1 154. 1829. Type: Not designated. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hedyotis L.] Gerontogea deppeana Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 169. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, ad San Andres, 1829, Schiede & Deppe 391 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis.— Hedyotis microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) Steud. Gerontogea microtheca Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 5: 169. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Barranca de Tioselos, Schiede & Deppe 390 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG) [isotype label states in sylvis Papantla]). Oldenlandia. —Hedyotis microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham ) Steud. Glossostipula Lorence, Candollea 4 1 : 454. 1986. Type: Glossostipula concinna (Standi.) Glossostipula blepharophylla (Standi.) Lorence, Candollea 41: 457. 1986. Randia blepharophylla Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1375. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, foothills of Sierra Madre, Tepic, between Aguacate & Dolores, 6 Aug 1897, J. N. Rose 2028 (Holotype US 300921 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Glossostipula concinna (Standi.) Lorence, Candollea 41: 458. 1986. Randia concinna Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 288. 1929. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, San Sebastian, Hacienda del Ototal, Sierra Madre Occidental, 1500 m, 15 Feb 1937, Y. Mexia 1690 (Holotype F 57991 1 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MO, US)). Glossostipula strigosa Lorence, Novon 7: 46, fig. 1. 1997. Type: HONDURAS: Dept. Atlantida, base of N slope of Pico Bonito, E of new CURLA (Centre Universitano Regional del Litoral Atlantico) camp building on Quebrada Grande, ca. 1/3 km above its confluence with the Rio Bonito, ca. 10 km SW of La Ceiba, Parque Nacional Pico Bonito, 15°42'N, 86°51W, 140 m, 8 May 1993, R. Evans 1559 (Holotype MO 04585952 (photo PTBG); Isotype PTBG 16114). Gomozia Mutis ex L. f, Suppl. Pi. 17, 129. 1781. Nom. rej. vs. Nertera J. Gaertn., 1788. Type: Gomozia granadensis L. f. [Herein treated as a synonym of Nertera Banks & Sol. ex C. F. Gaertn. according to the specifications of the rejection.] Gomozia granadensis L. f, Suppl. PI. 129. 1781. Type: America meridionali, Mutis s.n. (LINN 172.1, n.v.) —Nertera granadensis (L. f.) Druce Gonzalagunia Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 12, Gonzalagunia bracteosa (Donn. Sm.) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Sci. 45: 405. 1910. Gonzalea bracteosa Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 33: 252. 1902. Type: COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Apr 1896, / D. Smith 6583 (Holotype US 943468 (photos MEXU, l NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE PTBG); Isotypes F, n.v., NY, n.v., US 943469 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Duggena. Gonzalagunia brenesii Standi, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1302. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Near San Ramon, Bosque a orillas del mar de Golfito de Osa, 12 Apr 1930, A. Brenes 12323 (Holotype F 856730 (photo PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Gonzalagunia chiapasensis (Standi.) Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 283. 1940. Rondeletia chiapasensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 54. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cascarada, 31 Dec 1936, E. Matuda 1064 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotypes F (fragment), TEX-LL (photo PTBG)). Rogiera. Gonzalagunia exaltata Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 385. 1940. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, basin of El General, beside river, 675-900 m, Mar 1940, A. F. Skutch 4747 (Holotype F 1044350 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia brenesii Standi. Gonzalagunia glabra S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 152. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, in the mountains near Lake Chapala, Dec 1889, C. G. Pringle 2442 (Holotype A, n.v.; Isotype US (photo PTBG)). — Citharexylum glabrum (S. Watson) Greenm. (Verbenaceae) Gonzalagunia kallunkiae Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 192. 1980 [as kallunkii]. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, NW of Santa Fe, 1 1 km Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, on road to Calovebora, near Rio Coloveborita, 15 Nov 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3141 (Holotype MO 2285895 (photo PTBG)). Gonzalagunia longithyrsa Fosberg, Sida 2: 387. 1966. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Tapanti, at edge of wet forest, 1200 m, 1 Nov 1964, W. H. Hatheway & R. L. Rodriguez 1241 (Holotype US 2562636 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Gonzalagunia rosea Standi. Gonzalagunia nivea (Bartl. ex DC.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 284. 1891. Gonzalea nivea Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 436. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 436.3). Duggena. — Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Gonzalagunia ovatifolia (Donn. Sm.) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 405. 1910. Gonzalea ovatifolia Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 336. 1899. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Atirro, 600 m, J. D Smith 6599 (Lectotype US 943467, designated here under main entry (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype F). Syntypes: Costa Rica, J. D. Smith 6600 (F, n.v., GH, US); Costa Rica, Pittier & Tonduz 9171 (US, n.v.); Panama, Hart 113 (US, n.v.). Duggena. Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 292. 1889. Buena panamensis Cav., An. Hist. Nat. 2: 279. 1800. Type: PANAMA: Lancon, Nee s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; possible Isotype F (photo PTBG)). Gonzalagunia parviflora Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 414. 1831. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Cuesta Grande de Jalacingo, Schiede & Deppe 1275 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)).— Rondeletia septicidalis B. L. Rob., vel sp. aff. Gonzalagunia rojasii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 1 14. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, El Muro, below Santa Maria de Jesus, ca. 1200 m, 1 Mar 1938, P. C. Standley 67145 (Holotype F 995085 (photo PTBG)). Gonzalagunia rosea Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 836. 1938. Type: PANAMA: Chinqui, valley of the upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, 1300-1900 m, Jul-Aug 1937, G. White & P. White 7 (Holotype F 913064 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photo PTBG), NY, n.v.). Gonzalagunia rudis (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 170. 1927, comb, inval. Duggena rudis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 125. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Panama, shady places along Chagras at El Vigia, 12 Jan 1911, //. Pittier 2378 (Holotype US 676602 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Gonzalagunia stenostachya (Standi.) W. C. Burger in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot. 33: 150. 1993. Rondeletia stenostachya Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1372. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: La Hondura de San Jose, 1300 m, 15 Aug 1933, M. Valerio 769 (Holotype F 681816 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Gonzalagunia tacanensis Lundell, Lloydia 2: 106. 1939. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Tacana, 1000-2000 m, Aug 1938, E. Matuda 2462 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Gonzalagunia thvrsoidea (Donn Sm.) B. L. Rob. Gonzalagunia thvrsoidea (Donn. Sm.) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 405. 1910. Gonzalea thyrsoidea Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 13: 188. 1888. Type: GUATEMALA: Aha Verapaz, Berge bei Pansamala, 3800 ft., May 1887, H. von Tuerckheim 1249 (Holotype US 941409 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Gonzalagunia tonduzii K. Krause, Bot Jahrb 54, Beibl. 119: 42. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Cerro del Roble, ca. 2700-2900 m, Apr 1898, A. Tonduz 118 1 3 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MEXU, MO)).— Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Gonzalagunia veraguensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 197. 1980. Type- PANAMA: Veraguas, NW of Santa Fe, 8.8 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, on road to Calovebora, 1900 ft., 17 Jun 1975, 5. Mori 6673 (Holotype MO 2353238 (photos PTBG); Isotype MO 2353239 (photo PTBG)). Gonzalea Pers., Syn. PI. 1: 132. 1805. Norn, superfl. for Gonzalagunia Ruiz & Pav. 1794 (for which it is herein treated as a synonym) Gonzalea bracteosa Donn. Sm., Bot Gaz (Crawfordsville) 33: 252. 1902. Type- COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, J. D. Smith 6583 (Holotype US 943468 (photos MEXU, PTBG); IsotypesF,nv NY n.v., US 943469 (photos MEXU, PTBG)) Duggena.— Gonzalagunia bracteosa (Donn. Sm.) B. L. Rob. Gonzalea hayesii Wernham, J. Bot. 51:219. 1913. Type: PANAMA: In woods near Panama, Hayes s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Duggena. — Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) K. Schum. Gonzalea nivea Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 436. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 436.3)). Duggena.— Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Gonzalea ovatifolia Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 336. 1899. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Atirro, 600 m, J. D. Smith 6599 (Lectotype US 943467, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype F). Syntypes: COSTA RICA: J. D. Smith 6600 (F, n.v., GH, US); Pittier & Tonduz 9171 (US, n.v.). PANAMA; Hart 113 (US, n.v.). Duggena. — Gonzalagunia ovatifolia (Donn. Sm.) B. L. Rob. Gonzalea panamensis (Cav.) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1: 417. 1825. Buena panamensis Cav., Anal. Hist. Nat. (Madrid) 2: 279. 1800. Type: PANAMA: Lancon, Nee s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; possible Isotype F (photo MO)). Duggena.— Gonzalagunia panamensis (Cav.) K. Schum. Gonzalea parviflora G. Don., Gen. Hist. 3: 537. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, 3000 ft., H Galeotti 7245 (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.; Isotype G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)). —Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl., vel. sp. aff; perhaps the earliest available epithet for this Gonzalea secunda M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 235. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, bois humides de Xalapa, a 4000 pieds, Juin, H. Galeotti 7077 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.).— Status Gonzalea thyrsoidea Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 13: 188. 1888. Type: GUATEMALA: Aha Verapaz, Berge bei Pansamala, 3800 ft., May 1887, H. von Tuerckheim 1249 (Holotype US 941409 ANOMENCLATOROFr^ nd Central American Rubiacea (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Duggena. — Gonzalagunia thyrsoidea (Donn. Sm.) B. L. Rob. Guettarda L., Sp. PI. 2: 991. 1753. Type: Guettarda speciosa L. Guettarda armata Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v. (fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 457.19)).— Status uncertain, probably . Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Guettarda brenesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1303. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Golfo de Nicoya, Isla de Caballo, Jun 1932, A. Brenes 15694 (Holotype F 857985 (photo PTBG)). Guettarda chiriquiensis Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard., 25: 838. 1938. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Valley of upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, 1300-1900 m, 27 Jul 1937, P. White & G. White 22 (Holotype MO 1 17731 1 (photo PTBG): Isotypes A, n.v., F).— Guettarda crispiflora Vahl Guettarda cobanensis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 47. 255. 1909. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, near Coban, 1500 m, H. von Tuerckheim 11.2096 (Holotype US 941415 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Guettarda colubrinoides Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 358. 1931. Type: MEXICO: Tabasco, Paso del Carrizal, 4 May 1890, J. N. Rovirosa 787 (Holotype K, n.v., fragment F)).— Status uncertain, probably Guettarda elliptica Sw. Guettarda combsii Urb., Symb. Antill. 6: 48. 1909. Type: CUBA: Distr. Cienfuegos, Prov. Santa Clara, prope Cieneguito, 2 Jul 1895, R. Combs 270 (Syntype B, destroyed; Lectotype F 358073 (photo PTBG), here designated; Isolectotypes F, US). Syntype: Prov. Pinar del Rio inter Candelaria et Artemisa, Sept., Wilson 1783 (B, destroyed). Guettarda conferta Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 106. 1845. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Guettarda crispiflora Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1 : 36, /. 6. 1796. Type: MONTSERRAT: Versus summitates in insula Montserrat, Ryan s.n (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). Guettarda dealbata M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Bruxelles 11: 232. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, dans les forets epaisses et humides de Llano Verde et de Tanetze, dans le Rincon (cordillere orientale d'Oaxaca), 4000-6000 ft., H. Galeotti 7131 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.). — Status uncertain, "scarcely of this genus" according to Standley (1934). Guettarda deamii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 209. 1919. Type: GUATEMALA: Zacapa, Gualan, 620 ft., 15 Jun 1909, C. C. Deam 6271 (Holotype US 796136 (photo PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Guettarda die hotoma M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 1 1: 233. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, savanes de Consoquitla, pres la colonie de Zacuapan et Mirador, 1500-2000 pieds, 1840,//. Galeotti 2601 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Guettarda elliptica Sw. Guettarda elliptica Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 59. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Campestris siccis, Swartzs.n. (presumably S, n.v.). Guettarda filipes Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 210. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Durango, near Huasemote, 15 Aug 1897,7. N. Rose 3498 (Holotype US 302475). Guettarda foliacea Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 139. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, along the Trinidad River, near sea level, 19-21 Jul 191 1, //. Pittier 4031 (Holotype US 6791 16; Isotype F). Guettarda galeotti Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1384. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Prov. Pinotepa, H. Galeotti 2576 (Holotype US 572992, fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Chomelia protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Guettarda gaumeri Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 58. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, without precise locality, 1917-1921, G. F. Gaumer 24239 (Holotype F 552244 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). (As for other taxa described by Standley in this publication, the first specimen he cited in the protologue ("Gaunter 24239, Herb. Field Mus. No. 552,244") was intended to be the holotype, rather than the second one (Lundell 352). Consequently lectotypification is deemed unnecessary in this case.) : andegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 10: 416. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Socorro Island, Mar-Jun 1897, A. W. Anthony 377 & F. E. Barkelmew 179 (Holotype UC 102472, n.v.; Isotypes F, GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Guettarda elliptica Sw. Guettarda macrosperma Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 18: 204. 1893. Type: GUATEMALA: Santa Rosa, 3000 ft., May 1892, Heyde & Lux 3160 (Holotype US 48602 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Guettarda odorata (Jacq.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. 2: 219. 1819. Laugieria odorata Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 2: 16. 1760. Type: CUBA: Ex Carthagena et Havana, Jacquin s.n. (Lectotype P, n.v.; designated by Steyermark, 1972: 360). Guettarda petenensis Lundell, Wrightia 4: 124. 1969. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, La Cumbre, in high forest, about 6 km from village, on top of hill bordering Rio Pusila, 18 May 1967, E. Contreras 6947 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US). Guettarda poasana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 182. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Viento Fresco, slopes of Volcan de Poas, 1800 m, 13 Feb 1926, P. C. Standley & Torres 47807 (Holotype US 1305283 (photo PTBG)). Guettarda protracta Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 457.18)). — Chomelia protracta (Bartl ex DC.) Standi. Guettarda protracta Bartl. ex DC. var. brevipes DC, Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Anisomeris, Pittonioitis — Chomelia protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Guettarda protracta Bartl. ex DC var. longipes DC, Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, ad Acapulco, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.).— Chomelia protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Guettarda ramuliflora Beurl, Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Handl. 132. 1854. Type: PANAMA: Colon, near Porto Bello, Billberg 642 (Holotype S, n.v.). Guettarda sageretioides A. R. Molina, Ceiba 3: 96. 1952. Type: HONDURAS: El Paraiso, matorrales humedos y rocosos del Rio Lizapa, 1000 m, 19 Sep 1951, A Molina R. 4125 (Holotype US 2216040 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.). Guettarda sanblasensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 204. 1980. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, headwaters of Rio Cuadi, Camp Diablo (Drill site 22), 273 ft., 18 Dec 1967, J. A. Duke, A. G. Robyns & S. E. Verhoek 3646 (Holotype MO 2183824 (photo PTBG)). Guettarda scabra Lam. var. seleriana Loes., Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. 18: 361. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Chiken Itza, im Walde, 2 Jun 1914, C. Seler & E. Seler 5574 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed, fragment F; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Guettarda combsii Urb. Guettarda seleriana (Loes.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1384. 1926. Guettarda scabra Lam. var. seleriana Loes., Fedde Rep. Sp. Nov. 18: 361. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Chiken Itza, im Walde, 2 Jun 1914, C Seler & E. Seler 5574 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed, fragment F; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Guettarda combsii Urb. Guettarda tetrandra Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 218. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status u i NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Guettarda tikalana Lundell, Wrightia 2: 63. 1960. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, Tikal, on Uaxactun trail, in center of escobal, 18 Jul 1959, C. L. Lundell 16519 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, US). Guettarda tournefortiopsis Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 293. 1931. Based on Tournefortiopsis reticulata Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 369. 1907. Not Guettarda reticulata Griseb., 1863. Type: BOLIVIA: Without precise locality, Bang 2230 (Holotype US, n.v.). Guettarda turrialbana N. Zamora & Poveda, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 1 1 51, fig. 1. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Turrialba, CATIE, Bosque de Los Espabeles, 600 m, 26 Jun 1986, N. Zamora, M. M. Chavarria & H. Gomez 1263 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), K, n.v., MO (photo PTBG), NY, n.v.). Habroneuron Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 338. 1927. Type: Habroneuron mexicanum Standi. Habroneuron mexicanum Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 339. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Tintalcingo, F. Liebmann 11527 (Holotype C, n.v.; Isotype C, n.v., fragment US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Habroneuron radicans (Wernham) S. P. Darwin Habroneuron radicans (Wernham) S. P. Darwin, Brittonia 32: 343. 1980. Lindenia radicans Wernham, J. Bot. 52: 226. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, shaded places on rocks at crossing of the river near Tocotepeque, Jul 1839, T. Hartwegs.n. (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MO)). Hamelia Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. 2: 16. 1760. Type: Hamelia erecta Jacq. (Lectotype designated by Britton & Millsp., Bahama Fl. 441. 1920). Hamelia axillaris Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 46. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality, Swartzs.n. (Lectotype S, n.v.; designated by Elias, 1976). Hamelia barbata Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 1 15. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Escuintla, Finca Monterrey, S slope of Volcan de Fuego, 1 140-1260 m, 5 Feb 1939, P. C. Standley 64569 (Holotype F 982608 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hamelia calycosa Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 12: 132. 1887. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Pansamala, 3600 ft., Jun 1885, H. von Tuerckheim 454 (Holotype US 943617 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., K, n.v., NY, n.v.. US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). trandegee, Univ. Calif Publ. Bot. 6: 71. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Finca Mexiquito, Jul 1913, C A. Purpus 7030 (Holotype UC 173058, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY (n.v.), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia calycosa Donn. Sm. Hamelia costaricensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 207. 1919. Type: COSTA RICA: Surulres [?] pres San Mateo, Aug 1890, P. Biolley 2656 (Holotype US 764417 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia xerocarpa Kuntze var. costaricensis (Standi.) Elias Hamelia corymbosa Sesse & Moc., La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 1: 37. 1888 (as "Hamellia"). Type: MEXICO: Habitat in montibus Haereditatis-Ahuesuyo, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). —Hamelia patens Jacq. var. patens Hamelia declinata Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 60. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). —Hamelia axillaris Sw. Hamelia erecta Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Bolivar, vicinity of Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). —Hamelia patens Jacq. var. patens Hamelia hypomalaca B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 406. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Durango, without precise locality, Aug 1897, J. N. Rose 2304 (Holotype US 301215 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia xorullensis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth muginosa M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 233. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, Xalapa, 1841, H. Galeotti 2615 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia patens Jacq. var. patens Hamelia longipes Standi., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 37: 53. 1924. Type: GUATAMALA: Izabal, vicinity of Escoba, on the bay opposite Puerto Barrios, 150 m or less, 2 Jun 1922, P. C. Standley 24829 (Holotype US 1 150447 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Hamelia lutea Rohr ex Rees, Cyclop. 17. 181 1. Type: Based on manuscript by von Rohr and Jaquin's (Collectanea, Ic. Rar. tab 335) description and illustration oiH. chrysantha. —Hamelia axillaris Sw. Hamelia macrantha Little, Carib. Forester 9: 274. 1948. Type: ECUADOR: Chimborazo, El Oro, Spruce 6193 (Lectotype K, n.v. (photos F, MO); designated by Elias, 1976). Hamelia magnifolia Wernham, J. Bot. 49: 210. 1911. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, bords du Rio Corozal, pres Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Mar 1896, H Pittier 10091 (Lecototype BM, n.v.; Isolectotypes F, fragment n.v., GH, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Elias, 1976). Hamelia magniloba Wernham, J. Bot. 49: 209. 1911. Type: NICARAGUA: Chontales, Tate 200 (Holotype K, n.v.).— Hamelia xerocarpa Kuntze var. xerocarpa Hamelia nodosa M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 234. 1844 Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, pres Mirador, 3000 pieds, H. Galeotti 2581 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v.). —Hamelia patens Jacq. var. glabra Oerst. Hamelia panamensis Standi., Contr. U.S Natl Herb. 20: 208. 1919. Type: PANAMA: Above Paca, 16 Apr 1908, R. S. Williams 744 (Holotype US 678258 (photos MEXU PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.).-Hamelia' xerocarpa Kuntze var. costaricensis (Standi.) Hamelia patens Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. var. patens. Type: SANTO DOMINGO (DOMINICAN REPUBLIC): Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). /' Hamelia patens Jacq. var. coronata Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 40: 4. 1905. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubliquitz, 350 m, Aug 1903, H. von Tuerckheim 8532 (Holotype US 943525 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia rovirosae Wernh. Hamelia patens Jacq. var. glabra Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 42. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: San Juan, Oersted s.n. (Holotype C, n.v.). Hamelia pauciflor a Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 139. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Panama, forests on dry limestone around Alhajuela, Chagres Valley, 30-100 m, 12-15 May 1911,//. Pittier 3469 (Holotype US 678513 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Not H. pauciflora Willd., 1825.— Hamelia Hamelia purpurascens S. F. Blake, Contr. Gray Herb. II, 52: 105. 1917. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): On pine ridge near Manatee Lagoon, 6 Aug 1904, M. E. Peck 104 (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Hamelia r Hamelia rostrata Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 442. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Acapulco, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR (n.v.)). According to Elias (1976: 136), "This may be the oldest valid n the descripti determination." — Status uncertain, probably Hamelia versicolor A. Gray Hamelia rovirosae Wernham, J. Bot. 49: 21 1. 191 1. Type: MEXICO: Tabasco, marshes on banks of Rio Sebastian, 1 1 Jun 1889, J. N. Rovirosa 499 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hamelia rowleei Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 7. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Livingston on the Reventazon River, Jul- Aug 1920, W. W. Rowlee & H. E. Stork 751 (Holotype US i NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 1080249 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia xerocarpa Kuntze var. xerocarpa Hamelia sanguinea Elias, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 26: 116. 1976. Norn. nov. for Hamelia pauciflora Standi., 1916. Not Hamelia pauciflora Willd. in M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844. Type: PANAMA: Panama, forests on dry limestone around Alhajuela, Chagres Valley, 30-100 m, 12-15 May 1911, H. Pittier 3469 (Holotype US 678513 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hamelia storkii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 7. 1925. Type: PANAMA: Western Panama, without precise locality, 1 Aug 1923, H. E. Stork 38 (Holotype US 1 166466 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia xerocarpa Kuntze var. costaricensis (Standi.) Elias Hamelia suaveolens Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 414. 1818. Type: COLOMBIA: (Garapata), Rio Magdalena, A. Bonpland 163 7 (Holotype P-Bonpland (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hamelia patens Jacq. var. glabra Oerst. Hamelia versicolor A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 416. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, barranca near Guadalajara, Jun 1886, E. Palmer 125 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hamelia viridifolia Wernham, J. Bot. 49: 213. 1911. Type: COSTA RICA: Broussailles a Nicoya, Mar 1900, A. Tonduz 13867 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)) —Hamelia patens Jacq. var. glabra Oerst. Hamelia xerocarpa Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 284. 1891. var. xerocarpa. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste?, Baguar, 600 m, Tate 222 (Syntype B, presumably destroyed, K, n.v.). NICARAGUA: Seemann 120 (Syntype B, presumably destroyed, BM, n.v.). Elias (1976: 118) wrongly cited Kuntze 2028 (NY) as the "holotype," even though this specimen was not cited in Kuntze' s protologue and has no type status. A syntype may be designated as lectotype. Hamelia xerocarpa Kuntze var. costaricensis (Standi.) Elias, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 26: 1 19. 1976. Hamelia costaricensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 207. 1919. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Surulres [?] pres San Mateo, Aug 1890, P. Biolley 2656 (Holotype US 764417 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hamelia xorullensis Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 414. 1818; folio ed. 323. 1818. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, El Jorullo [=Xorullo], 1200 m, A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland., n.v.; Isotypes P, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis L., Sp. PI. 1: 101. 1753. Type: Hedyotis fruticosa L. Nom. et typ. cons. prop, (vide Jarvis in Taxon 41 : 564. 1992). (As herein treated, Hedyotis includes Carterella Terrell, Houstonia L., Oldenlandia L., and Oldenlandiopsis Terrell & W. H. Lewis.) Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1:81. 1852. var. acerosa. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, high prairies, from Live Oak Creek to the Las Moras, Jun 1849, C. Wright 237 (Holotype, GH n.v.; Isotype US). Ereicoctis, Houstonia, Mallostoma, Oldenlandia. Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray var. polypremoides (A. Gray) W. H. Lewis, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 31. 1968. Houstonia polypremoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 379. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, Santa Eulaha Mountains, 26 Sep 1885, C G. Pringle 356 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Lewis, 1968). Hedyotis alexandrae (A. Carter) W. H. Lewis, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 31. 1968. Bouvardia alexandrae A. Carter, Madrono 13: 142, figs. 1. 2. 1955. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Distr. del Sur, Arroyo del Salto, east of La Paz, 30 Mar 1949, A. Carter 2577 (Holotype UC 985926, n.v.; Isotypes F, MEXU, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Carterella. Hedyotis arenaria (Rose) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 21 1. 1961. Houstonia arenaria Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 70. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, La Paz, 20 Jan-5 Feb 1890, E. Palmer 28 (Lectotype US 47260 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis asperuloides Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 19,/?/. 13. 1844. f. asperuloides. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Cabo San Lucas, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Hedyotis asperuloides Benth. f. brandegeana (Rose) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 221. 1961. Houstonia brandegeana Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 70. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Baja Cahfornia, La Paz, 20 Jan-5 Feb 1989, E. Palmer 31 (Lectotype US 47259 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes F, GH, n.v.). Hedyotis bouvardioides Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 296. 1856. Type: MEXICO: Durango ?, Sierra Madre, Seemann s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotypes C, n.v., fragment F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.). -Bouvardia bouvardioides (Set Hedyotis brevipes (Rose) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 221. 1961. Houstonia brevipes Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 83. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Santa Rosalia, 24 Feb-3 Mar 1889, E. Palmer 202 (Lectotype US 47258 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype US (photos MEXU PTBG)). Hedyotis callitrichoides (Gnseb.) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Oldenlandia callitrichoides Gnseb. Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 8: 506. 1863. Type: CUBA: Without precise locality, ad ripas rivulorum, C Wright 268 (Lectotype GOET, n.v.; designated by Lewis, 1961). Syntype: CUBA: C Wright 1640 (GOET, n.v.). Oldenlandiopsis. Hedyotis cervantesii Kunth in Humb., Bonpl & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 390. 1820. Norn, superfl. Based on same type as Hedyotis pygmaea Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 526. 1818. Not Houstonia pygmaea C. H. Mueller ' * '. T. Muller, 1936. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, A. Bonplands. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)). Anotis, Ereicoctis. — Hedyotis wrightii (A. Gray) Fosberg Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Lam., Tabl. Encycl. 1: 272. 1792. Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Sp. PI. 1: 119. 1753. Type: America Meridionali (Holotype LINN 155.9, n.v.). leppeana (Schltdl. & Cham.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 727. 1840. Gerontogea deppeana Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 169. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, San Andres, 1829, Schiede & Deppe 391 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Oldenlandia.— Hedyotis microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) Steud. Hedyotis dichotoma Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 22. 1893. Not Hedyotis dichotoma Cav. 1801. Type: Habitat in montibus Sancti Angeli et Sancti Augustini. Floret Junio, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). —Hedyotis exigula W. H. Lewis Hedyotis drymarioides (Standi.) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 221. 1961. Houstonia drymarioides Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 162. 1928. Type: MEXICO: Tamaulipas, on mountains south of Victoria, 1000 m, 9 Apr 1926, R. Runyon 870 (Holotype US 1315865 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis exigula W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 221. 1961. Nom. nov. for Houstonia gracilis Brandegee, Zoe 5: 238. 1907. Wot Hedyotis gracilis DC, 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, May 1904, C. A. Purpus 1251 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis fruticosa Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 22. 1893. Not Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., 1818. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Mexici circuitibus, Sesse & Mocino 553 (Presumably MA, n.v.; Isotype F (photo MO)).— Bouvardia obovata Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Hedyotis galeottii (M. Martens) Terrell & Lorence, Phytologia 66: 1. 1989. Declieuxia galeottii M. Martens in M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: ~lator of Mexican and Central / 231. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Llano Verde, 3000-7000 ft., Apr 1840, H Galeotti 2603 (Holotype BR (photo PTBG); Isotypes BR, n.v., F, US (photo PTBG)). Hedyotis gracilenta (I. M. Johnst.) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Houstonia gracilenta I. M. Johnst., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 4: 1174. 1824. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, San Diego Island, rocky island slope facing sea, 2 May 1921, /. M. Johnston 3927 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis gracilis Brandegee, Zoe 5: 238. 1907. Not Hedyotis gracilis DC, 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, May 1904, C. A. Purpus 1251 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis exigula W. H. Lewis Hedyotis herbacea L., Sp. PI. 102. 1753. Type: CEYLON: (Presumably LINN, n.v.). Oldenlandia. Hedyotis humifusa A. Gray, Boston J. Nat. Hist. 6: 216. 1850. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, near Fredericksburg, 1847, F. Lindheimer 621 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., K, n.v., MICH, n.v., MO, PH, n.v., US, n.v.). Houstonia, Oldenlandia. Hedyotis intricata Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 290. 1941. Based on Houstonia fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 203. 1882. Not Hedyotis fasciculata Bertol., 1850. Syntypes: U.S.A.: Texas, Presidio, Bigelow s.n. (GH, n.v.); MEXICO: Coahuila, near Parras and Monclova, Palmer 404 (GH, n.v.), Palmer 406 (GH, n.v.). Hedyotis kingii (Terrell) G. L. Nesom, Syst. Bot. 13: 434. 1988. Houstonia kingii Terrell, Brittonia 32: 491, fig. 2. 1980. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, E-facing slopes, mountains along route 175, 28 km by road south of Valle Nacional on way to Ixtlan de Juarez, ca. 2000 m, 30 Jul 1959, R. M. King 2107 (Holotype MICH, 2 sheets, n.v.). Hedyotis lancifolia Schumach. in Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. PL 72. 1827. Type: GHANA: Valley of Aquapim, Thonning210 (Lecototype C, n.v.; Isolectotype S, n.v.; designated by Verdcourt, 1976: 292). Hcdvotis latifoha (M. Martens & Galeotti) Walp., Rep. Sp. Nov. 6: 55. 1846. Oldenlandia latifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 235. 1844. Not Houstonia latifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., 1818. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, 3000 pieds, May 1840, H. Galeotti 2556 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis exigula W. H. Lewis Hcdvotis leucophylla (Kunth) Spreng., Syst. 1: 411. 1826. Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 395, t. 290. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Inter Alto de Peregrino et flumen Papagallo, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotypes B (photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Hedyotis longipes (S. Watson) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Houstonia longipes S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 97. 1883. Syntypes: MEXICO: Without precise locality, States of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, Feb-Oct 1880, E. Palmer 394 (US 47845 (photos MEXU, PTBG)); Nuevo Leon, near Monterrey, 1-26 Feb 1880, E. Palmer 395 (US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis lutea Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 22. 1893. Type: Habitat in montibus Temascaltepec, floret Julio, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status Hedvotis mcvaughii Terrell, Novon 6: 128 /. 1996. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Mun. d Cabo Corrientes, steep mountain sides 3- i generally E on the r a del Cuale from the junction 5 km NW of El Tuito, 850-1150 m, 16-19 Feb 1975, R. McVaugh 26426 (Holotype MICH, n.v.). Hedyotis mexicana Sesse & Mo?., PI. Nov. Hispan. ed. 1 , 1 5. 1 887. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Mexici circuitibus, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Hedvotis microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 1: 728. 1840. Gerontogea microtheca Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 169. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, in sylvis Papantlae, Schiede & Deppe 390 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Oldenlandia. Hedyotis mucronata Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 19. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Magdalena Bay, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Houstonia. Hedyotis mullerae Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 2%%, fig. 3. 1941. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Mun. de Cuatro Cienegas, Canon del Agua, Sierra de la Madera, 9 Sep 1939, C. H. Muller & K. Muller 3234 (Holotype US 2133305 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Houstonia. Hedyotis mutica Wedd., Chlor. And. 2: 43. 1857. Type: COLOMBIA: Cundimarca, Prov. Bogota, Goudots.n. (Lectotype P, n.v.; Isolectotype F, n.v.; designated by Mena V., 1986).— Arcytophyllum muticum (Wedd.) Standi. Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 287. 1941. Gentiana nigricans Lam., Encycl. 2: 645. 1788. Type: MEXICO: Locality and collector unknown (Holotype P-JU, n.v.). Houstonia. Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg var. scabra (S. Watson) Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 288. 1941. Houstonia angustifolia Michx. var. scabra S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 97. 1883. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Saltillo, Caracol Mountains, 1-15 Apr 1880, E Palmer 410 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Hedyotis palmeri (A. Gray) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Houstonia palmeri A Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 202. 1882 Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, in the mountains east and south of Saltillo, Feb-Oct 1880, E Palmer 397 (Syntype US 47431 (photos' MEXU, PTBG)); E. Palmer 398 (Syntype US 70740 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis peninsularis (Brandegee) W. H Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Houstonia peninsularis Brandegee, Zoe 5: 160. 1903 Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Cape Retion, Sierra de la Trinidad, Nov 1902, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis pentandra Schumach. & Thonn., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk., Math. Afh. 3: 71. 1827. Type: GUINEA: Aquapim, "S" [Haaslund Smith?] (location unknown). — Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thon.) Vatke Hedyotis polypremoides (A. Gray) Shinners, Field & Lab. 17: 168. 1949. Houstonia polypremoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 379. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, Santa Eulalia Mountains, 26 Sep 1885, C. G. Pringle 356 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, US)). Hedyotis polypremoides A. Gray var. bigelovii Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 291. 1897. Type: U.S.A.: Florence Mountains, Jun 1852, Bigelow 437 (Holotype GH, n.v.). —Hedyotis polypremoides (A. Gray) Shinners Hedyotis pringlei (B. L. Rob.) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Oldenlandia pringlei B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 27: 169. 1892. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, alkaline plains, Hacienda de Angostura, 27 Jun 1891, C. G. Pringle 3758 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO (photo PTBG), US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). .^maea Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 526. 1818. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P- Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)).— Hedyotis wrightii (A. Gray) Fosberg Hedyotis rubra (Cav.) A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 4: 61. 1849. Houstonia rubra Cav., Icon. 5: 48, /. 474, fig. I. 1799. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Ixmiquilpan, Nee s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). Oldenlandia. Hedyotis serpyllacea Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 599. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, inter La Joya et San Salvador, Jun 1829, Schiede & Deppe 265 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotypes B (photo MO), F (photo PTBG), MO). Houstonia. i NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Hedyotis sharpii (Terrell) G. L. Nesom, Syst. Bot. 13: 434. 1988. Houstonia sharpii Terrell, Brittonia 32: 490,/?g. 1. 1980. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, camino entre Metepec y Tenango de Doria, entre 1 6 y 3 1 .5 km al NNE de Tulancingo, 18 km NNE de Metepec, 29 Mar 1974, S. D. Koch 7423 (Holotype US 2754863 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes CHAPA, ENCB, MEXU). Hedyotis sinaloeae W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961, nom. nov. for Houstonia parvula Brandegee, Zoe 5: 221. 1905. Not Hedyotis parvula (A. Gray) Fosb., 1943. Type: MEXICO: Sinaloa, vicinity of Culiacan, 12 Oct 1904, T. S Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis spellenbergii G. L. Nesom & Vorobik, Syst. Bot. 13: 432. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, Mun. Ocampo, area of Cascada de Basaseachic at the confluence of Rio Basaseachic and Rio Durazno, ca. 2 mi S of village of Basaseachic, 2100-2200 m, 18 May 1985, J. Grimes, T. Avers, M. Lavan & R. Scott 2855 (Holotype TEX, n.v.; Isotypes ARIZ, n.v., CAS, n.v., MEXU, n.v., NMC, n.v., NY, n.v., US, n.v.). Hedyotis spinescens Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 22. 1893. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in aridis Tehuacani circuitibus. Floret Maio, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Bouvardia erecta (DC.) Standi. Hedyotis teretifolia (Terrell) G. L. Nesom, Syst. Bot. 13: 434. 1988. Houstonia teretifolia Terrell, Brittonia 31: 166. 1979. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, 12 km NNE of Las Margaritas on easternmost ridge of Sierra de las Margaritas, 1300-1400 m, 24 Sep 1972, M C. Johnston, F. Chiang & T. Wendt 9508E (Holotype TEX, n.v.). Hedyotis terrellii Lorence, Novon 7: 51, fig. 3. 1997. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Mixe, Mun. de Totontepec, 3 km al SW de Totontepec, carretera a Mitla, 1910 m, 6 Sep 1986, R. Torres C. & C. Martinez 9067 (Holotype PTBG 12314; Isotype MEXU). Hedyotis umbratilis (B. L. Rob.) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Houstonia umbratilis B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 401. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, shaded cliffs and mountains, near Monterrey, 25 Apr 1906, C. G. Pringle 13877 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis vergrandis W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Nom. nov. for Houstonia prostrata Brandegee, Zoe 5: 105. 1901. Not Hedyotis prostrata Blume, 1823, nor Korth., 1851. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, La Palma, Cape Region, 25 sep 1899, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis watsonii W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Nom. nov. for Oldenlandia ovata S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. 18: 97. 1883. Not Hedyotis ovata Thunb. ex Maxim., 1833, nor Thwaites ex Hook, f., 1892. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Guajuco, Feb-Oct 1880, E. Palmer 399 (Lecototype GH, n.v.; Isolectotype US 47919 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis wrightii (A. Gray) Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 290. 1941. Houstonia wrightii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 202. 1882. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, shaded cliffs of mountains, near Monterrey, 25 Apr 1906, C. G. Pringle 13877 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis xestosperma (B. L. Rob. & Greenman) W. H. Lewis, Rhodora 63: 222. 1961. Oldenlandia xestosperma B. L. Rob. & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 41. 1896. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, open glades, Sierra de San Felipe, 8000 ft., Jun 1894, C. G. Pringle 4692 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotypes BM, n.v., F, K, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), MSC, n.v.. PH. n.v.. US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG), VT n.v.); designated by Terrell, 1980). Houstonia. — Bouvardia xestosperma (B. L. Rob. & Greenman) Terrell & S. D. Koch (Willd.) K. Schum. [Herein treated as a synonym of Diodia L.] A Schult.) K. Schum. in Mart., F. Bras. 6(6): 29. 1888 (as ocimifolia). Spermacoce ocvmi folia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1819. Type: WEST INDIES: Without precise locality, 1768, Rudolphi s.n. (presumably B- W, n.v.). Diodia. — Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. Prodr. 4: 561. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Real del Monte, Haenke s.n. (Holotype PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 561.1); Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Diodia crassifolia Benth. Higginsia Pers., Syn. PI. 1: 133. 1805. Type: Higginsia obovata Pers., "Higgensia" orth. mut. Steud. Norn., ed. 2, 1: 767. 1840. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hoffmannia Sw.] Higginsia discolor (Lem.) Planch., Fl. Serres. 5: 482d. 1849. Campylobotrys discolor Lem., Fl. Serres 3: Misc. 31, fig. 1837. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material collected by Galeotti in Mexico. —Hoffmannia discolor (Lem.) Hemsl. Higginsia ghiesbreghtii (Lem.) Hook., Bot. Mag. tab. 5383. 1863. Campylobotrys ghiesbreghtii Lem., Illust. Hort. 8: pi. 279. 1861 [as Gheisbechtii]. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material from seed collected by Ghiesbreght in Chiapas, Mexico. —Hoffmannia ghiesbreghtii (Lem.) Hemsl. Higginsia macrophylla Planch., Fl. Serres 5: 482d. 1849. Type: Not designated, described from cultivated material grown from seeds collected in Guatemala.— Status uncertain, probably Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams Higginsia mexicana Klotzsch in Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Ic. PL Rar. Hort. Berol. 1: 57, tab. 23. 1841. Type: Not designated, based on material of Mexican origin cultivated at the Berlin Botanical Garden. — Hoffmannia excelsa (Kunth) K. Schum. Higginsia psychotriifolia Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 50. 1853 [as psychotriaefolia]. Type: COSTA RICA: In Monte Barba, 6000 ft., May 1847, Oersted 11507. (Holotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO) Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). -Hoffmannia psychotriifolia (Benth. in Oerst.) Griseb. Higginsia refulgens Hook, f., Bot. Mag. tab. 5346. 1862. Type: Based on material cultivated at Kew thought to be from South America, but most probably from Chiapas, Mexico, or Central America (Holotype presumably K, n.v.). — Hoffmannia refulgens (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Higginsia refulgens Hook. f. var. 2 argyroneura (Linden) Regel, Gartenfl. 17: 116. 1868. Campylobotrys argyroneura Linden, Belg. Hortic. 8: 166. 1858. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material collected by Ghiesbreght in Chiapas, Mexico. — Hoffmannia refulgens (Hook, f.) Hemsl. H gginsis refulgens Hook. f. var. 6 ortgiesii Regel, Gartenfl. 17: 116. 1868. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material of Mexican origin. — Hoffmannia regalis (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Higginsia refulgens Hook. f. var. P pyrophylla Regel, Gartenfl. 17: 116. 1868. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material from Volcan San Martin, Veracruz, Mexico. —Hoffmannia refulgens (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Higginsia refulgens Hook. f. var. S roezlii Regel, Gartenfl. 17: 116. 1868. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material of Mexican origin— Hoffmannia regalis (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Higginsia refulgens Hook. f. var. / smaragdina Regel, Gartenfl. 17: 1 16. 1868. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material of Mexican origin— Hoffmannia regalis (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Higginsia regalis Hook, f., Bot. Mag. tab. 5280. 1861. Type: Based on material cultivated at l NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AN Kew of unknown origin (Holotype presumably K, n.v.).— Hoffmannia regalis (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Hillia Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 3. 1760. Type: Hillia parasitica Jacq. Hillia allenii C. M. Taylor, Selbyana 1 1: 32. 1989. Based on Ravnia panamensis Steyerm., Ceiba 3: 22. 1952. Not Hillia panamensis Standi., 1921. Type: PANAMA: Code, North Hills, El Valle de Anton, 29 Jun 1946, P. H Allen 3558 [collector's name and number erroneously omitted in the protologue] (Holotype F 1394242 (Photo PTBG); Isotype MO, n.v.). IL J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 16. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, damp forest in mountains near Fenix, Apr 1925, C A. Purpus 262 (Holotype US 1208244 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)).— Hillia panamensis Standi. Hillia chiapensis Standi, var. grandifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 216. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, lower montane wet forest 6-7 km W of Santa Fe on new road past agricultural school, 2900 ft., M. Nee 9698 (Holotype MO 2413929).— Hillia palmana Standi. Hillia chiriquiensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67. 216. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, N of San Felix at Chriqui-Bocas del Toro border, on Cerro Colorado copper mine road along continental divide, 5000-5500 ft., 3 May 1975, 5. Mori & J. Kallunki 5810 (Holotype MO 2259027 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 2259026 (photo PTBG)). — Cosmibuena valerii (Standi.) C. M. Taylor Hillia grayumii C. M. Taylor, Selbyana 12: 137,/zg. J. 1991. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Finca La Selva, the OTS field station near Puerto Viejo de Sarapiqui, near the junction of the Rios Puerto Viejo and Sarapiqui, 100 m, 5 May 1980, M. H. Grayum 2793 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotype DUKE, Hillia hathewayi Fosberg, Sida 2: 387. 1966. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, south slope of Volcan Barba, 1950 m, 26 May 1965, W. H. Hatheway 1371 (Holotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.). —Hillia panamensis Standi. Hillia ligulifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 218. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, lower montane wet forest 6-7 km W of Santa Fe on new road past agriculture school, 2900 ft., 17 Feb 1974, M. Nee 9812 (Holotype MO 2244248 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 2244247 (photo PTBG)). i valerii (Standi.) C. M. Taylor i (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor, Selbyana 11: 32. 1989. Ravnia longifilamentosa Steyerm., Ceiba 3(1): 21. 1952. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, upper southern slopes of Quebrada Velo, vicinity of Finca Lerida, 5000 ft., 25 Jul 1947, P. H Allen 4744 (Holotype F 1394241 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO, n.v.). Hillia loranthoides Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 165. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Quebrada Serena, southeast of Tilaran, 700 m, 27 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valeria 46152 (Holotype US 1254482 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hillia macrocarpa Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 23: 23. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, lower south-facing slopes of Volcan de Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache, along the great barranca between Finca Pirineos and Patzulin, 1300-1500 m, Jan 1940, J. A. Steyermark 33667 (Holotype F, n.v.). Hillia macrophylla Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 201. 1931. Type: ECUADOR: Chimborazo, Spruce 6186 (Holotype K, n.v.). Hillia matudae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 51. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Tacana, 200(M040 m, Aug 1938, E. Matuda 2327 (Holotype F; Isotypes GH, n.v., MICH, n.v.).— Cosmibuena matudae (Standi.) L. O. Williams Hillia maxonii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 163. 1928. Type: NICARAGUA: Las Nubes and vicinity, south of Managua, 800-900 m, 28 Jan 1923, W. R. Maxon, A. D. Harvey & A. T. Valentine 7501 (Holotype US 1181212 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hillia oaxacana C. M. Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 78: 521, fig. 2. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Putla, Arroyo de San Isidro, 3 km al este de Concepcion, Buenavista, 10 Jun 1985, A. Garcia M. & R. Torres C. 1523 (Holotype MO; Isotype MEXU). Hillia palmana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 164. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, vicinity of La Palma, on the road to La Hondura, 1500-1700 m, 17-18 Jul 1923, W. R. Maxon & A. D. Harvey 8045 (Holotype US 1 181721 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hillia panamensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 1 17. 1921. Type: PANAMA: Chinqui, humid forest around Los Siguas Camp, southern slope of Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700 m, 17-19 Mar 191 1, H Pittier 3 J 90 (Holotype US 677584 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hillia tetrandra Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind Occ 58 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartz s.n. (presumably S, n.v.). Hillia tetrandra Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed 2 90. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat parasitica ' supra proceriorum arborum axillas in Tuxtlensibus sylvis, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Hillia tetrandra Sw. Hillia triflora (Oerst.) C. M. Taylor, Selbyana 1 1: 30. 1989. var. triflora. Ravnia triflora Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 50. 1853 Type- COSTA RICA: Cartago, near Cartago and Candelaria, 1800-2400 m, Oersted 11696 (Lectotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO, NY); designated by Standley, 1938). Hillia tritlora (Oerst.) C. M. Taylor var pittieri (Standi.) C. M. Taylor, Selbyana 1 1: 31. 1989 Ravnia pittieri Standi., N. Amer Fl 32 114 1921. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Santa' Clara, H Pittier 13461 (Holotype NY n v (photo F)). Hillia valerii Standi., J. Wash. Acad Sci 18- 164. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose Vicinity of La Palma, on the road to La ' Hondura, 1500-1700 m, 17-18 Jul 1923, W. R. Maxon & A. D. Harvey 8092 (Holotype US 1181776 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Cosmibuena valerii (Standi.) C. M. Taylor Moc. ex DC.) Bullock Hintonia latiflora (Sesse & Mo?, ex DC.) Bullock, Hook. Icon. PI. 33, tab. 3295: 4. 1935. Coutarea latiflora Sesse & Mo?, ex DC, Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Type: Not designated, based on an unpublished illustration, Fl. Mexic. Ic. (caique presumably MA, n.v., G-DC, n.v.). Hintonia latiflora (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Bullock var. leiantha Bullock, Hook. Icon. PI. 33, tab. 3295: 1. 1935. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Temascaltepec, Ixtapan, 1000 m, Aug 1932, G. B. Hinton 1258 (Holotype K, n.v). — Hintonia latiflora (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Bullock Hintonia lumaeana (Bail!.) Bullock, Hook. Icon. PI. 33, tab. 3295: 5. 1935. Coutarea lumaeana Baill., Adansoma 12: 301. 1879. Type: GUATEMALA: Cote occidentale des Andes, 450-500 metres, 14° lat. N, 1878, G. Luma s.n. (Holotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Portlandia. Hintonia octomera (Hemsl.) Bullock, Hook. Icon. PI. 3, tab. 3295: 6. 1935. Coutarea octomera Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 4: 101. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Cozumel Island, Apr 1895, G. F. Gaumer 148 (Holotype K, n.v.). Hintonia pulchra D. R. Simpson, Phytologia 29: 277. 1974. Type: COSTA RICA: Osa Peninsula, about 5 km W of Rincon de Osa, 50-200 m, 9-12 Jan 1970, W. C Burger & R. L. Liesner 7320 (Holotype F 1729029; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Osa pulchra (D. R. Simpson) Aiello Hintonia standleyana Bullock, Hook. Icon. PL 3, tab. 3295: 6. 1935. Syntypes: MEXICO: Chihuahua, E. Palmer 16 (K, n.v.); Guerrero, El Limon, 3 Apr 1903, E. W. Nelson 6985 (US 399334 (photos MEXU, PTBG)), ^ NOMENCLATOR OF ? Langlasse 234 (K, n.v.); Nayarit, Tepic, Lumholtz s.n. (US); Puebla, Andrieux 337 (K, n.v.), Pringle 8583 (K, n.v.), Seler 849 (US), Rose & Hay 5932 (US), Rose, Painter & Rose 10123 (US); Oaxaca, Purpus 3279 (US), Reko 4253 (US), Pringle 7473 (US), Pringle & Conzatti 27 (US). C. V. Morton annotated the Nelson 6985 specimen at US as lectotype, but this choice was not published.— Hintonia latiflora (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Bullock Hippotis Ruiz & Pavon, Fl. Peruv. Chil. 33 1794. Type: Hippotis trifolia Ruiz & Pavon Hippotis albiflora H. Karst., Fl. Columb. 1: 33. 1860. Type: COLOMBIA: Mountains E of Bogota, Karsten s.n. (presumably W, n.v.) Hoffmannia Sw., Prodr. 30. 1788. Type: Hoffmannia pedunculata Sw. Hoffmannia aeruginosa Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1313. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Zarcero, 1500 m, 10 Aug 1937, Austin Smith A86 (Holotype F 941349 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia affinis Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 31. 1879. Type: COSTA RICA: Without precise locality, Endres 150 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype W (photo PTBG)). —Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams Hoffmannia amplexifolia Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 8. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, vicinity of Orosi, moist forest, 30 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 39869 (Holotype US 1 153192 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia angustifolia Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 206. 1919. Type: GUATEMALA: Zacatepequez, Acatepeque, 1290 m, Mar 1892, J. D. Smith 2747 (Holotype US 888492 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.) —Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams Hoffmannia araneopedaria Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 226. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Mali on Colombian border, S slope just below summit, 1400 m, 6 Feb 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 14166 (Holotype MO 2470655; Isotype MO 2470654). Hoffmannia arborescens Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 37: 417. 1904. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Santa Rosa del Copey, 1800 m, Apr 1898, A. Tonduz 8121 [Herb. Inst. Fysico-geogr. nat. costaricensis 12230] (Holotype US 943523 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia areolata Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 52. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Boquete District, near Bajo Chorro, Jan 1938, M. E. Davidson 40 (Holotype F 915621 (photo PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO). Hoffmannia asclepiadea Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 7. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Las Nubes, 1500-1900 m, 20-25 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 38349 (Holotype US 1 153122 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia bullata L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 52. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, between Virginia and Lago Izabal, Montana del Mico, 50-100 m, 4 Apr 1940, J. A. Steyermark 38719 (Holotype F). :osa Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 40: 4. 1905. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubliquitz, 350 m., May 1901 H. von Tuerckheim 7912 (Holotype US 576489 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). hoffmannia capillacea Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 274. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Code, mountains N of El Valle, 2500-3000 ft., 28 May 1967, Lewis, MacBryde. Oliver & Ridgway 1 783 (Holotype MO; Isotypes MO 2214603, 2163471). Note: Between the time Hoffmannia capillacea Dwyer was published and the Rubiaceae treatment for the Flora of Panama was published (Dwyer, 1980), the wrong labels (T. Elias 1783) were inadvertently mounted on the type collection. Dwyer' s protologue lists the type as being Lewis et al. 1783. The three collections in the type folder at MO correspond with the description of//, capillacea but bear Elias i of the Lewis and Elias field books by C. M. Taylor and me in June 1996 revealed that Elias 1783 was collected in San Bias, Panama, reputedly as a species of Annonaceae: "headquarters of Rio Mulatupo, tree 5 m, fruits green ripening yellow." The Lewis et al. 1783 collection was said to be "Rubiaceae, shrub to 2.2 m, calyx tube red, flowers white, fruit red." Therefore, the Lewis et al. 1 783 label seems to be the Hoffmannia carlsoniae Standi. & L. O. Williams ex A. R. Molina, Ceiba 14: 3. 1968. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Los Lagos, 3 mi. NW of Rancho San Jose, which is 34 mi. SE of Comitan, 5,000 ft., 15-20 Apr 1949, M. C. Carlson 1874 (Holotype presumably EAP, n.v.; Isotype F 1412975).— Hoffmannia huehueteca Standi. & Steyerm. Hoffmannia carpinterae Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 199. 1934. Based on Hoffmannia macrophylla Standi. 1925, not H. macrophylla Hemsl., 1881. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Cerro de la Carpintera, 1700 m, P. C. Standley 35636 (Holotype US 1 152958 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 1152957 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hoffmannia leucocarpa Standi. Hoffmannia cauliflora Hemsl., Diag. PI. Mexic. 30. 1879. Type: GUATEMALA: Without precise locality, Skinner s.n. (Holotype K, n.v.). Hoffmannia cercidifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 275. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Campamento, S of Cerro Pirre, 20-22 Mar 1968, J. A. Duke 15597 (Holotype MO 1956874 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia chiapensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 206. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, Jun 1914, C. A. Purpus 7268, in part (Holotype US 567526 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hoffmannia psychotriifolia (Benth in Oerst.) Griseb. Hoffmannia confertiflora Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 206. 1919. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, San Miguel Uspantan, 2100 m, 1892, Heyde & Lux 3 169 (Holotype US 888491 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Hoffmannia congesta (Oerst.) Dwyer in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 171. 1993. Xerococcus conges tus Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren Kjobenhavn 1852: 52. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Turrialba, 3000 ft., Oersted 11776 (Holotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO); Isotype F, n.v.). Hoffmannia conzattii B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 406. 1910. Based on Coffea obovata Schlecht. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 412. 1831. Not Hoffmannia obovata (Ruiz & Pavon) Standi., 1930 (based on Ohigginsia obovata Ruiz & Pavon 1798). Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Canton de Cordoba, Colonia Melchor Ocampo, 1200 m, 19 Jun 1896, C. Conzatti 168 (Holotype GH, n.v.). Hoffmannia cryptoneura Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 53. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, 4 Apr 1936, E. Matuda 944 (Holotype F 898899 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MICH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia culminicola Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 166. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, Cerro de Uyuca, ca. 1600 m, 2 Mar 1947, P. C. Standley 4797 (Holotype F 1256864 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype EAP, n.v.). Hoffmannia cuneatissima B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 407. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Morelos, mountain canyon near Cuernavaca, 6000 ft., 29 May 1898, C. G. Pringle 7662 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US 334830 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia davidsoniae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 53. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Boquete District, Bajo Chorro, 6000 ft., 26 Jan 1938, M. E. Davidson 216 (Holotype F 915570 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MO, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia decurrens Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 205. 1919. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Santa Rosa del Copey, A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 1800-2000 m, Apr 1898, A. Tonduz 12230 (Holotype US 392077 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes P, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia discolor (Lem.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 36. 1881. Campylobotiys discolor Lem., Fl. Serres 3: Misc. 37. fig. 1847. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated plants grown from seed collected in Mexico by H. Galeotti. Note: A specimen at P ["en herb. Houtte Juin 1857. Hort. Parisei"] and a specimen at G ["Mexici, Oaxaca, 3000', fl. albis, Galeotti 7183"] may correspond with Galeotti 's seed collection and represent authentic cultivated material. Higginsia. Hoffmannia dotae Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 181. 1928. Type: COSTARICA: San Jose, vicinity of Santa Maria de Dota, 1500-1800 m, 26 Dec 1925-3 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 43277 (Holotype US 1253172 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia eliasii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 276. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Cuasi mainstream, 2.5 miles S of Tres Bocas, 28 Apr 1968, J H Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 1129 (Holotype MO 1982892 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hoffmannia subauriculata Standi. Hoffmannia excelsa (Kunth) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 327. 1889. Psychotria excelsa Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 355. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Xalapa, A. Bonpland 1445 (Holotype presumably P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotypes B, n.v. (photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Deppea. Hoffmannia fimbrianthera Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 277. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Rio Teribe, just below Puerto Palenque, 350 m, 12 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 556 (Holotype MO 1999724).— Hoffmannia inamoena Standi. Hoffmannia gentryi Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 230. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacarcuna, summit camp, along stream N of camp, 1550-1650 m, 1 Feb 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 14061 (Holotype MO 2353753; Isotype MO 2423663). Hoffmannia gesnerioides (Oerst.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 285. 1891. Ophryococcus gesnerioides Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjoebenhavn 1852: 53. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Segovia, Monte Pantasmo, Jan 1848, Oersted 11823 (Holotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO); Isotype F). Hoffmannia ghiesbreghtii (Lem.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 36. 1881. Campylobotrys ghiesbreghtii Lem., Illust. Hort. 8:/?/. 279. 1861. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material from seed collected by Ghiesbreght, probably in Chiapas, Mexico. Higginsia. Hoffmannia hamelioides Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 8. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, between Aserri and Tarbaca, 1600-1800 m, 12 Feb 1924, P. C. Standley 34149 (Holotype US 1 152904 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia hammelii C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 174. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, near Sirena, Corcovado National Park, 0-200 m, 5 Jul 1977, R. L. Liesner 2907 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype MO). ,/ haydenii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 277. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Cerro Campana, Jul 1965, s. M. V. Hayden 1 1 7 (Holotype MO 203083 1). Note: In the protologue the type locality is incorrectly cited as "Finca Collins, ca. 5000 ft." — Hoffmannia subauriculata Standi. Hoffmannia hondurensis Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 329. 1929. Type: HONDURAS: Atlantida, Lancetilla Valley, 200-500 m, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, P. C. Standley 52905 (Holotype F 582885 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia huehueteca Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 249. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, Cerro Negro, 2 miles east of Las Palmas, 1600-2000 m, 31 Aug 1942, J. A. Steyermark 51697 (Holotype F 1132825 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia inamoena Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 179. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, 600 m, 21 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 45421 (Holotype US 1254102 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia ixtlanensis Lorence, Novon 4: U\,fig. 2a, b. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Ixtlan, Sierra de Juarez; ruta 175 Tuxtepec a Oaxaca, ca. 5 km al N de Vista Hermosa, 1260 m, 14 Apr 1982, D. H. Lorence, R. Torres C. & R. Cedillo T. 40 J 3 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes MO, PTBG). Hoffmannia josefina Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 8. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, between Aserri and Tarbaca, 1800 m, 12 Feb 1924, P. C. Standley 34143 (Holotype US 1 152900 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Hoffmannia arborescens Donn. Sm. Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 278. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Quebrada Huron, ca. 300-400 ft., 11 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 429 (Holotype MO 1968253). —Hoffmannia vesiculifera Standi. Hoffmannia lancistigma Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 279. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Boquete, Cerro Horqueta, 5000-6000 ft., 8 Aug 1967, J. D. Dwyer & S. M. V. Hayden 7735 (Holotype MO 2065523). Hoffmannia laxa Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 116. 1940. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Canton de San Carlos, Sucre, 1000 m, 30 Mar 1939, A. Smith FI851 (Holotype F 980999 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia lenticellata Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 30. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, region d'Orizaba, Rio Blanco, 29 Aout 1866, Bourgeau 2992 (Lectotype P, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Botteri 974 (Syntype P, photos MEXU, PTBG); Jalapa, Linden 1 (Syntype K, n.v.). The Bourgeau 2992 collection at P was chosen as lectotype, because it is most representative, with flowers, fruits, and full-sized leaves. — Hoffmannia a (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Hoffmannia leucocarpa Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 9. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Las Nubes, 1300-1600 m, Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 38340 (Holotype US 1153121 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia lewisiana Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 279. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, vicinity of Cerro Punta, 6800 ft., 31 May-1 Jun 1967, Ridgway & Solis 2413 (Holotype MO 1966156). Hoffmannia liesneriana L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 54. 1973. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, Guapiles, a 2 millas al norte de Diamantes, 150 m, 9 Aug 1963, A. Jimenez 1054 M. (Holotype F 1690189 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia lineolata Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 40: 5. 1905. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubliquitz, 350 m, May 1902, H. von Tuerckheim 8227 (Holotype US no 576514 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hoffmannia regalis (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Hoffmannia longicalycina Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 280. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cuasi-Cana Trail between Cerro Campamiento and La Escalera to paramo, E of Tres Bocas, 30 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 1278 (Holotype MO 2165098; Isotype MO 1686749). — Status uncertain, probably Amphidaysa sp. Hoffmannia longipetiolata Pol., Linnaea 41: 567. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: In sylvis primaevis Carpinterae, 24 Jun 1875, H. Polakowsky 134 (B, presumably destroyed (photo F), lectotype fragment F, here designated (photo PTBG)). Syntype: COSTA RICA: In sylvis primaevis Carpinterae, 24 Jun 1875, H Polakowksy 140 (B, presumably destroyed). The fragment of Polakowsky 134 at F is here designated as lectotype. L NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRA Hoffmannia longipetiolata Pol. var. minor Pol., Linnaea41: 568. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: In sylvis pnmaevis Carpinterae, Jun 1875, H. Polakowsky 144 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). — Hoffmannia longipetiolata Pol. Hoffmannia macrophylla (Planch.) Hemsl, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 37. 1881. Higginsia macrophylla Planch., Fl. Serres 5: 482d. 1849. Type: Not designated, based on cultivated material grown from seeds collected in Guatemala. — Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams Hoffmannia macrophylla Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 9. 1925. Not H. macrophylla (Planch.) Hemsl., 1881. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Cerro de La Carpintera, 1500-1850 m, Feb 1924, P. C. Standley 35636 (Holotype US 1 152957 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 1 152958 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Hoffmannia leucocarpa Standi. Hoffmannia macrosiphon, Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. ser. 17: 276. 1937. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, Volcan de Zunil, 8000 ft., 4 Aug 1934, A. F. Skutch 937 (Holotype F 813468 (photo PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.). Hoffmannia manussatani Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 234. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Robalo Trail, N slopes of Cerro Horqueta, 6000-7000 ft., 5-7 Aug 1947, Allen 4978 (Holotype MO 1636310). Hoffmannia mexicana (Link, Klotzsch & Otto) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 37. 1881. Higginsia mexicana Link, Klotzsch & Otto, Ic. PI. Rar. Hort. Ber. 1: 57, t. 23. 1841. Type: Not designated, based on material of Mexican origin cultivated at the Berlin Botanical Garden.— Hoffmannia excelsa (Kunth) K. Schum. Hoffmannia minuticarpa Dwyer & Lorence, Novon4: \22, fig. 2c, d. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de Soteapan, Cumbres de Bastonal, ca. 10-1 1 km al SE de Tebanca, 1200 m, 26 Apr 1982, R. Cedillo T., D. Lorence & G Ibarra M. 1280 (Holotype MEXU; Isotype MO). Hoffmannia montana L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 55. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, Volcan Zunil, 8000 ft., 4 Aug 1934, A. F. Skutch 936 (Holotype F 934132 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype A (photo PTBG)). a morii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 236. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, N of San Felix at Chiriqui-Bocas del Toro border, on Cerro Colorado copper mine road along continental divide, 5000-5500 ft., 5 May 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5915 (Holotype MO 2259023).— Hoffmannia vesiculifera Standi. Hoffmannia nebulosa Standi, in Yunck., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 396. 1938. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, above the plains of Siguatepeque, near summit of range above El Achote, 1850 m, 1 Aug 1936, T. G. Yuncker, R. F. Dawson & H. R. Youse 6252 (Holotype F 857687 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia nesiota Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 61: 374. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, Wafer Bay, 18 Jun 1898, H Pittier 12387 (Holotype US 941381 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 56. 1973. Psychotria nicotianifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 229. 1844 [as nicotianaefolia]. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Cordillera pres Xalapa, 3000 pieds, 1840, H. Galeotti 7066 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia nubium Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 167. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, drainage of the Rio Yeguare, at about long. 87°W, lat. 14°N, 6000 ft., 20 Jul 1948, S. F. Glassman 1996 (Holotype US 2215976 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH (photo PTBG), MEXU, WIS). —Hoffmannia cryptoneura Standi. Hoffmannia oreogena L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 57. 1973. Type: HONDURAS: La Paz, Cordillera Guajiquiro, Montana Verde, aldea Las Marias, 2100 m, 23 May 1964, A. Molina R. & A. R. Molina 14052 (Holotype F 1616225 (photo PTBG); Isotype EAP, n.v.). Hoffmannia oreophila L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 57. 1973. Type: NICARAGUA: Matagalpa, Cordillera Central de Nicaragua between Matagalpa and Jinotega, Disparate de Potter, near Santa Maria de Ostuma, 1500 m, 20-24 Feb 1963, L. O. Williams, A. Molina R. & T. Williams 24709 (Holotype F 1606614 (photo PTBG); Isotype EAP, n.v.).— Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams Hoffmannia orizabensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 205. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, region of Orizaba, 1855, Mueller 1359 (Holotype GH, n.v.). Hoffmannia ostaurea Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 280. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Rio Terrible between Quebrada Huron and Puerto Palenque, 120-140 m, 12 Apr 1968, J. H Kirkbnde, Jr. & J. A. Duke 501 (Holotype MO 1982893). Hoffmannia pallidiflora Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 9. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, La Hondura, 1300-1700 m, 16 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 37877 (Holotype US 1 153101 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hoffmannia viridis Rusby Hoffmannia panamensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 204. 1919. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, above El Boquete, forests along the Rio Ladrillo and vicinity, 1200-1300 m, 6 Mar 191 1, H Pittier 3056 (Holotype US 677443 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hoffmannia psychotriifolia (Benth. in Oerst.) Griseb. Hoffmannia phoenicopoda K. Schum., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 276. 1899. Type: Not designated, based on material cultivated in the Berlin Botanical Garden of uncertain origin, probably from Mexico or Central America. Hoffmannia piratarum Standi., J. Wash. Acad Sci. 18: 180. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, Forets humides de la vallee de Wafer, 10-200 m, Jan 1902, H Pittier 16259 (Holotype US 579835 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia pittieri Standi, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 140. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, between Alto de las Palmas and top of Cerro de la Horqueta, 2100-2268 m, 18 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3247 (Holotype US 677642 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia psychotriifolia (Benth. in Oerst.) Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 321. 1861. Higginsia psychotriifolia Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 50. 1853 [as psychotriaefolia]. Type: COSTA RICA: In monte Barba (Volcan de Barba), 6000 ft., May 1847, Oersted 1 1507 (Holotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia pusilla L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 34: 117. 1972. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, between Sepacuite and Secoyocte, 1 100 m, 24 May 1905, H. Pittier 348 (Holotype US 1083004 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Pinarophyllon bullatum Standi. Hoffmannia pustulata Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 240. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Rio Guanche, pressed from cultivation, May-Jun 1972, R. L. Dressier s.n. (Holotype MO 2178490 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia quadrifolia Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 250. 1947. GUATEMALA: Zacapa, Sierra de las Minas, around the summit of Monte Virgen, ca. 2400 m, 12-13 Jan 1942, J. A. Steyermark 42600 (Holotype F 1 133818 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia racemifera Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 249. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Cerro San Gil, 300-900 m, 25 Dec 1941, J. A. Steyermark 41910 (Holotype F 1 134162 (photos PTBG); Isotypes F 1 134161 (photos PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia ramonensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 180. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Rio Barranca a San Juan, pres de San Ramon, 1300-1400 m, 25 Apr 1913, A Tonduz 17812 (Holotype US 861910 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hoffmannia dotae Standi. ^. NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL hoffmannia refulgens (Hook, f.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 37. 1881. Higginsia refulgens Hook, f., Bot. Mag. tab. 5346. 1862. Type: Based on plants grown at Kew from seed thought to be from South America, but most probably from Central America or Chiapas, Mexico (Holotype presumably K, i regalis (Hook, f) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 37. 1881. Higginsia regalis Hook, f, Bot. Mag. tab. 5280. 1861. Type: Based on plants grown at Kew presumably from Mexican seed (Holotype presumably K, n.v.). Campylobotrys . Hoffmannia rexmontis Dywer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 241. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, NW side of Cerro Pando, 21 Jul 1971, T. Croat 15934 (Holotype MO 2692337; Isotypes MO 2692338, MO 2150879) —Hoffmannia pallidiflora Standi. Hoffmannia rhizantha Standi., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 90. 1935. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Esperanza Trail, 630 m, 26 Jun 1934, W. A. Schipp S-731 (Holotype F 729968 (photo PTBG)). ia liparia Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 214. 1937. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, Colomba, 720 m, 24 Sep 1934, A. F. Skutch 1291 (Holotype A, n.v. (photo and fragment F)). —Hoffmannia regalis (Hook, f.) Hemsl. Hoffmannia rosei B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 407. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, Tepic, near Pedro Paulo, 3 Aug 1897, J. N. Rose 1968 (Holotype US 300860 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). —Hoffmannia cuneatissima B. L. Rob. Hoffmannia rotata Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 18: 204. 1893. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, San Miguel Uspantan, 7000 ft., Apr 1892, Heyde & Lux 3169B (Lectotype US 943496 (photos MEXU, PTBG), here designated). Syntype: GUATEMALA: Quiche, San Miguel Uspantan, 7000 ft., Apr 1892, Heyde & Lux 3174 (P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). The US sheet of Heyde & Lux 3169B was selected as lectotype as it is most complete, with intact leaves, flowers, and inflorescences. Hoffmannia rotundata Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 204. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, Jun 1914, C. A. Purpus 7268 in part (Holotype MO 765057). — Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams Hoffmannia rubripigmenta Dywer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 283. 1969. Type: PANAMA: Darien, between upper Rio i Camp 7 on construction road an Bias, 100-800 m, 26-28 Apr 1967, . Duke 10870 (Holotype MO 1981851). ifolia L. O. Williams, Phytologia 25: 463. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz, Sierra de las Minas, above Purulha, 1600 m, 2 Jan 1973, L. O. Williams, A. Molina R. & T. P. WUliams 41977 (Holotype F 1716220 (photo PTBG); Isotype 1716221). Hoffmannia steinvorthii Fosberg, Sida 2: 388. 1966. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, south slope of Volcan Barba, 2000 m, 26 Jun 1965, W. H. Hatheway & A. Jimenez 1461 (Holotype US 2562634 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.).— Hoffmannia arborescens Donn. Sm. Hoffmannia steyermarkii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 192. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, between Canjula and La Union, near southeast portion of Volcan de Tacana, 2000-3000 m, 22 Feb 1940, J. A. Steyermark 36426 (Holotype F 1035015 (photo PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.). Hoffmannia strigillosa Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. 31. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Salle sn. (Holotype K, n.v.). Hoffmannia subauriculata Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 179. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, El Mufieco, on the Rio Navarro, 1400-1500 m, 6-7 Mar 1926, P. C. Standlev & R. Torres R. 50956 (Holotype US 1306554 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia teruae L. O. Williams. & A. R. Molina, Fieldiana, Bot. 36: 59. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, near Aldea Fraternidad, between San Rafael Pie de la Cuesta and Palo Gordo, west facing slopes of Sierra Madre Mountains, 1800-2400 m, 10-18 Dec 1963, L. O. Williams, A. Molina R. & T. P. Williams 26028 (Holotype F 1651553 (photo PTBG); Isotype EAP, n.v.). Hoffmannia tetrastigma Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 336. 1899. Type: GUATEMALA: Santa Rosa, Zamorora, 1800 m, Apr 1893, Heyde & Lux 4490 (Holotype US 354989 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia tonduzii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 205. 1919. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, 635-700 m, May 1899, A. Tonduz 13373 (Holotype US 941386 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hoffmannia longipetiolata Pol. Hoffmannia trichocalyx Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 181. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, vicinity of Fraijanes, 1500-1700 m, 12-13 Feb 1926, P. C. Standley & R. Torres R. 47690 (Holotype US 1305242 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 1305243 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia tuerckheimii Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 47: 254. 1909. var. tuerckheimii. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, bei Coban, 1600 m, Mar 1908, H. von Tuerckheim 11.2160 (Holotype US 941383 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 941384 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia tuerckheimii Donn. Sm. var. glabra Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 250. 1947. Type- GUATEMALA: El Progreso, Sierra de las Minas, Montana Canahui, between Finca San Miguel and summit of mountain, upper limits of Finca Caieta, 1600-2300 m, 10 Feb 1942, J. A. Steyermark 43807 [43806 in protologue] (Holotype F 1 133774 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia uniflora Standi., Contr. U.S Natl Herb. 20: 204. 1919. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Coban, 1 100 m, Feb 1908, H. von Tuerckheim 11.2107 (Holotype US 941382 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia valerii Standi., J. Wash. Acad Sci 18: 178. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, El Arenal, 600 m, 20 Mar 1923, J. Valerio 57 (Holotype US 1206194 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hoffmannia vesiculifera Standi, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 285. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista Camp, Chiriqui Trail, 750 m, Jan-Mar 1928, G. P. Cooper 231 (Holotype F 579284 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia viridis Rusby, Descr. N. Sp. S. Amer. PI. 134. 1920. Type: COLOMBIA: Santa Marta, H. H. Smith 2649 (Holotype NY, n.v., photo and fragment F). Hoffmannia vulcanicola Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 251. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Solola, southern slopes of Volcan de Atitlan above Finca Moca, 1000-1250 m, 20 Jun 1942, J. A. Steyermark 47931 (Holotype F 1 132754 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia wilsonii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 117. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Finca Los Alpes, 1200 m, 21 Mar 1939, C. L. Wilson 344 (Holotype F 968020 (photo PTBG)). Hoffmannia witheringioides Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 244. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Rio Segundo Braso, 8 km beyond Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra beyond Santa Fe, 750 m, 24 Jul 1974, T. B. Croat 25551 (Holotype MO 2214610; Isotype MO 2207374). Hoffmannia woodsonii Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 471. 1941. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, vicinity of Callejon Seco, Volcan de Chiriqui, 1700 m, 17 Jul 1940, R. E. Woodson, Jr. & R. W. Schery 503 (Holotype MO 1210619 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F 1085625 (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.). — Hoffmannia longipetiolata Pol. Holtonia Standi., Trop. Woods. 30: 37. 1932. Type: Holtonia myriantha (Standi.) Standi. Herein treated as a synonym of Elaeagia Wedd.] Holtonia myriantha (Standi.) Standi., Trop. Woods 30: 37. 1932. Sickingia myriantha Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 27. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Magdalena: A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Las Nubes road, region of Santa Marta, 1200 m, 3 Dec 1898, H. H. Smith 1810 (Holotype F 138660; Isotypes MO, NY, n.v., US, n.v., W, n.v., Y, n.v.). Simira. — Elaeagia myriantha (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & Hammel Houstonia L., Sp. PI. 1: 101. 1753. Type: Houstonia caerulea L. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hedyotis L., although some authors (e.g., Terrell, 1996) recognize Houstonia as a genus.] Houstonia acerosa (A. Gray) Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. PI. 2: 60. 1873. Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 81. 1852. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, high prairies from Live Oak Creek to Las Moras, C. Wright 237 (Holotype GH, n.v.). Oldenlandia. — Hedyotis acerosa A. Houstonia acerosa (A. Gray) Benth. & Hook. f. subsp. polypremoides (A. Gray) Terrell, Brittonia31: 168. 1979. Houstonia polypremoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 379. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, Santa Eulalia Mountains, 26 Sep 1885, C. G. Pringle 356 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Lewis, 1968).— Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray var. polypremoides (A. Gray) W. H. Lewis Houstonia angustifolia Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 85. 1803. Type: U.S.A.: Florida, in submaritimus Floridae, collector not cited (Holotype presumably P, n.v.).— Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Houstonia angustifolia Michx. var. scabra S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 97. 1883. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Saltillo, Caracol Mountains, 1-15 Apr 1880, E. Palmer 410 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Houstonia arenaria Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 70. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, La Paz, 20 Jan-5 Feb 1890, E. Palmer 28 (Holotype US 47260 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, naria (Rose) W. H. Le\\i> Houstonia asperuloides (Benth.) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 5: 158. 1860. Hedyotis asperuloides Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 19,/?/. 13. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Cabo San Lucas, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.).— Hedyotis asperuloides Benth. Houstonia asperuloides (Benth.) A. Gray var. brandegeana (Rose) Wiggins in Shreve & Wiggins, Veg. Fl. Sonoran Desert 2: 1399. 1964. Houstonia brandegeanna Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 83. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, La Paz, 20 Jan-5 Feb 1890, E. Palmer 31 (Holotype US 47259 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.). — Hedyotis asperuloides Benth. f. brandegeana (Rose) W. H. Lewis Houstonia bouvardioides (Seem.) Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. PI. 2: 60. 1873. Hedyotis bouvardioides Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 2: 296. 1856. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality [Durango ?], Sierra Madre, Seemann s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotypes C, n.v., fragment F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.). — Bouvardia bouvardioides (Seem.) Standi. Houstonia brandegeana Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 83. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, La Paz, 20 Jan-5 Feb 1889, E. Palmer 31 (Holotype US 47259 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.). —Hedyotis asperuloides Benth. f brandegeana W. H. Lewis Houstonia brevipes Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 83. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Santa Rosalia, 24 Feb-3 Mar 1889, E. Palmer 202 (Holotype US 47258 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis brevipes (Rose) W. H. Lewis Houstonia coccinea Andr., Bot. Repos./?/. 106. 1800. Type: No herbarium specimens are known to exist, only the drawing/?/. 106. —Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Houstonia drymarioides Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 162. 1928. Type: MEXICO: Tamaulipas, on mountains south of Victoria, 1000 m, 9 Apr 1926, R. Runyon 870 (Holotype US 1315865 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F).— Hedyotis drymarioides (Standi.) W. H. Lewis Houstonia fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 203. 1882. Syntypes: U.S.A.: Texas, Presidio, Bigelows.n. (GH); New Mexico, Organ Mountains, G. R. Vasey s.n. (GH, n.v.); MEXICO: Coahuila, near Parras and Monclova, E. Palmer 404 (GH, n.v.), E. Palmer 406 (GH, n.v.).— Hedyotis intricata Fosberg Houstonia fruticosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. 3: 527. 1818. Type: VENEZUELA: Monagas, Caripe, Humboldt s.n. (B, presumably destroyed).— Declieuxia fruticosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze Houstonia fruticosa Rose, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 132. 1892. Not Hedyotis fruticosa L, 1753, nor Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., 1818. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Carmen Island (Isla Carmen), 1-7 Nov 1890, E. Palmer 885 (Holotype US 47256 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Hedyotis mucronata Benth. Houstonia gracilenta I. M. Johnst., Proc. Calif. Acad. IV, 12: 1174. 1924. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, San Diego Island, rocky island slope facing sea, 2 May 1921, 1. M. Johnston 3927 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hedyotis gracilenta (I. M. Johnst.) W. H. Houstonia gracilis Brandegee, Zoe 5: 238. 1907. Not Hedyotis gracilis DC, 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, May 1904, C. A. Purpus 1251 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hedyotis exigula W. H. Lewis Houstonia humifusa (A. Gray) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 314. 1859. Hedyotis humifusa A. Gray, Boston J. Nat. Hist 6" 216 1850. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, near Fredrickburg, 1847, F. Lindheimer 62 1 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., K, n.v., MICH, n.v., MO, PH, n.v., US). 2 kingii Terrell, Brittonia 32: 491, fig. . Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, E-facing slopes, mountains along route 175, 28 km by road south of Valle Nacional on way to Ixtlan de Juarez, ca. 2000 m, 30 Jul 1959, R. M. King 2107 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotype MICH, n.v.).— Hedyotis kingii (Terrell) G. L. Nesom Houstonia latifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. 527. 1808. Not Hedyotis latifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) Walp., 1846. Type: America borealis, Muhlenberg s.n. (presumably B-WI, n.v.).— Hedyotis exigula W. H. Lewis Houstonia longipes S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 97. 1883. Syntypes: MEXICO: Without precise locality, States of Coahuila and Nuevo Leon, Feb-Oct 1880, E. Palmer 394 (GH, n.v.; US 47845 (photos MEXU, PTBG)); Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Feb 1-26 1880, E. Palmer 395 (GH, n.v., US 70739 (photos MEXU, PTBG), US 1390542 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis palmeri (A. Gray) W. H. Lewis Houstonia mucronata (Benth.) B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 401. 1910. Hedyotis mucronata Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 19. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Magdalena Bay, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). — Hedyotis mucronata Benth. Houstonia mullerae (Fosberg) Terrell, Brittonia 31: 169. 1979. Hedyotis mullerae Fosberg, Lloydia 4: 288. 1941. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Mun. de Cuatro Cienegas, Canon del Agua, Sierra de la Madera, 9 Sep 1939, C. H. Muller 3234 (Holotype US 2133305 ex NA (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v). — Hedyotis mullerae Fosberg Houstonia nigricans (Lam.) Fernald, Rhodora 42: 299. 1940. Gentiana nigricans Lam., Encycl. 2: 645. 1786. Type: MEXICO: Collector unknown, (presumably P-LAM, n.v.).— Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Houstonia palmeri A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 202. 1882. Syntypes: MEXICO: Coahuila, Sierra Madre, 40 mi. south of Saltillo, 25-31 Jul 1880, E. Palmer 397 (GH, n.v., US 47431 (photos MEXU, PTBG); E. Palmer 398 (GH, n.v., F (2 sheets), US 70740 A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis palmeri (A. Gray) W. H. Lewis Houstonia parvula Brandegee, Zoe 5: 221. 1905. Not Hedyotis parvula (A. Gray) Fosberg, 1943. Type: MEXICO: Sinaloa, vicinity of Culiacan, 12 Oct 1904, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hedyotis sinaloae W. H. Lewis Houstonia peninsularis Brandegee, Zoe 5: 160. 1903. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Cape Region, Sierra de la Trinidad, Nov 1902, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hedyotis peninsularis (Brandegee) W. H. Houstonia polypremoides A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 379. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, Santa Eulalia Mountains, 26 Sep 1885, C. G. Pringle 356 (Lectotype GH; n.v.; Isolectotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Lewis, 1968). Syntype: MEXICO: Chihuahua, Santa Eulalia Mountains, 29 May 1885, C. G Pringle 16 (GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PRBG)).— Hedyotis polypremoides (A. Gray) Shinners Houstonia polypremoides var. bigelovii Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 291. 1897. Type: U.S.A.: Florence Mountains, Jun 1852, Bigelow 437 (Holotype GH, n.v.). — Hedyotis polypremoides (A. Gray) W. H. Houstonia prostrata Brandegee, Zoe 5: 105. 1901. Not Hedyotis prostrata Blume, 1823 norKorth., 1851. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, La Palma, Cape Region, 25 Sep 1899, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US 382879 (photos MEXU, PTBG), US 735791 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis vergrandis W. H. Lewis Houstonia prostrata Brandegee var. parvula (Brandegee) Wiggins in Shreve & Wiggins, Veg. Fl. Sonoran Desert 2: 1399. 1964. Houstonia parvula Brandegee, Zoe 5: 221. 1905. Not Hedyotis parvula (A. Gray) Fosberg, 1943. Type: MEXICO: Sinaloa, vicinity of Culiacan, 12 Oct 1904, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis sinaloae W. H. Lewis Houstonia rubra Cav., Icon. 5: 48, /. 474, fig. I. 1799. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Ixmiquilpan, Nee s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.). — Hedyotis rubra (Cav.) A. Gray Houstonia serpyllacea (Schltdl.) C. L. Sm. ex Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 284. 1897. Hedyotis serpyllacea Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 599. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, inter La Joya et San Salvador, Jun 1829, Schiede & Deppe 265 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotypes B (photo MO), F (photo PTBG), MO).— Hedyotis serpyllacea Schltdl. Houstonia sharpii Terrell, Brittonia 32: 490, fig. I. 1980. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, camino entre Metepec y Tenango de Doria, entre 1 6 y 3 1 .5 km al NNE de Tulancingo, 1 8 km N.NE. de Metepec, 29 Mar 1974, S. D. Koch 7423 (Holotype US 2754863 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes CHAPA, ENCB, MEXU). —Hedyotis sharpii (Terrell) G. L. Nesom Houstonia teretifolia Terrell, Brittonia 31: 166. 1979. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, 12 km NNE of Las Margaritas on easternmost ridge of Sierra de las Margaritas, 1300-1400 m, 24 Sep 1972, M. C. Johnston, F. Chiang & T. Wendt 9508E (Holotype TEX, n.v.). —Hedyotis teretifolia (Terrell) G. L. Nesom Houstonia triflora (Kunth) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 314. 1860. Bouvardia triflora Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 386. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photo MO)). iflora (Cav.) Schult. & Houstonia umbratilis B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 401. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, shaded cliffs of mountains, near Monterrey, 25 Apr 1906, C. G. Pringle 13877 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Hedyotis umbratilis (B. L. Rob.) W. H. Houstonia wrightii A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 17: 202. 1882. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, shaded cliffs of mountains, near Monterrey, 25 Apr 1906, C. G. Pringle 13877 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Hedyotis wrightii (A. Gray) Fosberg Houstonia xestosperma (B. L. Rob. & Greenman) Terrell, Brittonia 32: 492. 1980. Oldenlandia xestosperma B. L. Rob. & Greenman, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 41. 1896. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra de San Felipe, open glades, 8000 ft., Jun 1894, C G. Pringle 4692 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotypes BM, n.v., F, K, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), MSC, n.v., PH, n.v., UC, US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG), VT, n.v.; designated by Terrell, 1980). Hedyotis. — Bouvardia xestosperma (B. L. Rob. & Greenman) Terrell & S. D. Koch Isertia Schreb., Gen. PI. 1: 234, n. 602. 1789. Type: Isertia coccinea (Aubl.) Vahl Isertia deamii Bartlett, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 43: 59. 1907. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Puerto Barrios, 24 Feb 1905, C. C. Deam 48 (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Isertia haenkeana DC. Isertia deamii Bartlett var. stenophylla Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 61: 374. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Boca Culebra, plaines des Pacifique, 50 m, 20 Jan 1898, H. Pit tier 11989 (Holotype US 941413 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), P, n.v., fragment F). — Isertia haenkeana DC. Isertia haenkeana DC, Prodr. 4: 437. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Isertia laevis (Triana) B. M. Boom, Brittonia 36: 433. 1984. Cassupa laevis Triana, Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser 4, 9: 44. 1858. Type: COLOMBIA: Cundinamarca, Triana 1838 (Lectotype P; Isolectotypes BR, n.v., COL, n.v., L, n.v., P, n.v., US, n.v.; designated by Boom, 1984). Isertia panamensis (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 346. 1931. Cassupa panamensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 135. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, along Rio Fato, 10-100 m, 8 Jul 191 1, laevis (Triana) B. M. Boom Isertia scorpioides B. M. Boom, Brittonia 36: 435. 1984. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Atlantic side of Isthmus on road to Pifia, 25 Aug 1967, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & S. M. V. Hay den 316 (Holotype NY, n.v.; Isotypes MO (2 sheets; photos PTBG), NY, n.v.). Ixora L., Sp. PI. 1: 1 10. 1753. Type: Ixora coccinea L. Ixora alba Sesse & Mo?., La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 1. app. 16. 1887. Not Ixora alba L., 1753, nor Roxb., 1814, nor Sus. ex Wight & Arn., 1834. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in India ad montibus Mazatlan (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status i Jacq., Hort. Schonbr. 3: A, pi 257. 1798. Type: Cultivated at Schobrunn, Vienna, said to have been brought from Mexico. — Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Ixora aphylla Sesse & Mo?., PL Nuev. Hispan. 16. 1887; La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 1. app. 16, ed. 2, 15. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Habitat prope Xochistlan, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Ixora casei Hance in Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 754. 1852. Type: CAROLINE ISLANDS: Strong Island, Q. W. Case s.n. (Isotype or possible Holotype K, n.v.). For typification see Fosberg & Sachet (1989a), who note that var. casei is cultivated in Mesoamerica. Ixora coccinea L., Sp. PI. 1: 1 10. 1753. Lectotype: Rheede, Hortus malabaricus 2:17, /. 13. 1679. Designated by Fosberg & Sachet (1989b), who note that Ixora coccinea L. var. coccinea and var. intermedia Fosberg & Sachet are cultivated in Mexico and Central Ixora coccinea L. var. intermedia Fosberg & Sachet, Baileya 23: 80. 1989. Type: VIRGIN ISLANDS: St. Croix, Teague Bay, cultivated, F. R., Fosberg 55279 (Holotype US, n.v.) — Ixora coccinea L. Ixora finlaysoniana Wall, ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. Dichlam. PI. 3: 572. 1834. Type: EAST ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUB1ACEAE INDIES: Wallich Catalog 6166 (Holotype K, n.v. (microfiche MO)). Cultivated in Mexico Ixora floribunda (A. Rich.) Griseb., Cat. PI. Cub. 134. 1866. Siderodendron fioribundum A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 1 1: 24. 1850. Type: CUBA: Without precise locality, A. Richard s.n. (Holotype presumably P, n.v.). Ixora nicaraguensis Wernham, J. Bot. 50: 243. 1912. Type: NICARAGUA: Chontales, i treated as a synonym c '~(Ho Ixora occidentalis L., Syst., ed. 10, 2: 893. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Based on P. Browne, Hist. Jam. t. 6, fig. 2 (LINN, n.v.), and Plumier, Icon. tab. 156, f. 2 (ed. Burmannus). — Faramea occidentalis (L.) A. Rich. Ixora pulcherrima Sesse & Moc., La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 1. app. 16. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in montibus Mazatlan, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status Ixora rauwolfioides Standi., Trop. Woods 11: 25. 1927. Type: PANAMA: Changuinola Valley, 1927, G P. Cooper & G. M. Slater 93 [Yale 10274] (Holotype US 1315888 (photo PTBG); Isotype F). — Ixora nicaraguensis Wernham Ixora spinosa (Jacq.) Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 3: 344. 1789. Chomelia spinosa Jacq., Enum. PL Carib. 12. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Near Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). — Chomelia spinosa Jacq. Ixora ternifolia Cav., Icon. 4: 3, t. 305. 1797. Type: Based on cultivated material grown at Madrid from seed collected in Mexico (Lectotype is tab. 305; designated by Blackwell, 1968).— Bouvardia ternifolia (Cav.) Schltdl. Ixora uniflora Sesse & Mo?., La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 1. app. 16. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Habitat Michaelapoli, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.; PL Mex. Ic. 26 (G- DEL, n.v.).— Status u Javorkaea Bohridi & J. Komlodi, Acta B< Hung. 29: 16. 1983. Type: Javorkaea hondurensis (Donn. Sm.) Borhidi & J. Komlodi. [Her Rondeletia L.J Javorkaea hondurensis (Donn. Sm.) Borhidi & J. Komlodi, Acta Bot. Hung. 29: 16. 1983. Rondeletia hondurensis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 335. 1899. Type: HONDURAS: Santa Barbara, Rio Chamelecon, 300 m, Dec 1888, C Thieme 5267 (Holotype US 943502 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets, photos MEXU, PTBG)). Joosia H. Karst., FL Columb. 1: 9, tab. 5. 1858. Type: Joosia umbellifera H. Karst. Joosia panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 262. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, road between Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra above Santa Fe and Rio Dos bocas, 730-770 m, 26 Jul 1974, T. B. Croat 25932 (Holotype MO 2248047 (photo PTBG)).— Joosia umbellifera H. Karst. Joosia umbellifera H. Karst., FL Columb. 1: 9, tab. 5. 1858. Type: COLOMBIA: Meta, Servita, Karsten & Triana s.n. (Lectotype W 134852, n.v.; Isolectotype NY, n. v.; designated by Andersson in Brittonia 49: 32. 1997). Kohleria Regel. [Gesneriaceae] Kohleriafilisepala Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 107. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, 16 Dec 1936, E. Matuda 574 (Holotype F 916483 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MEXU, US). — Omiltemia filisepala (Standi.) C. V. Morton Ladenbergia Klotzsch in Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: pi. 15. 1846. Lectotype: Ladenbergia moritziana Klotzsch (Designated i& Taylor, 1994:17.) i brenesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1323. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: San Ramon, San Miguel, La Palma, San Pedro, 20-25 Mar 1932, A. M. Brenes 1 5146 (Holotype F 856805 (photo PTBG)). a bullata (Wedd.) Standi., Trop. Woods 34: 41. 1933. Cascarilla bullata Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., ser. 3, 10: 1 1. 1848. Type: PERU: Puuo, Prov. de Carabaya, Jan-Feb 1847, Weddell 4358 (Holotype P-JU, n.v.; Isotypes G, n.v., K, n.v.). Note: Although Dwyer (1980) erroneously recorded this species from Panama, it is endemic to the sourthern Andes (L. Andersson, pers. comm. 1996). Ladenbergia laurifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 265. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, beyond Rio Tres Brazos, 9 km from Santa Fe, T. B. Croat 25586 (Holotype MO. i i macrocarpa (Vahl) Klotzsch in Hayne, Getreue Darstell. Gew. 14: tab. 15. 1 846. Cinchona macrocarpa Vahl, Schr. naturh. Ges. Kopenhagen 1(1): 20. 1793. Type: COLOMBIA: In regno Santa Fe, Ortega s.n. (Lectotype BM, n.v.; designated by Andersson in Andersson & Taylor, 1994: 16). Ladenbergia sericophylla Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1324. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Two miles southeast of San Isidro del General, Aug 1936, R. E. Danforth 32 (Holotype F; Isotype GH (photo PTBG)). Ladenbergia valerii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 18: 1324. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: La Paz de San Ramon, 1225 m, Jun 1925, Brenes 4296 (Holotype F). Lagenanthus Gilg [Gentianaceae] w parviflorus Ewan, Mutisia 4: 5. 1952. Type: PANAMA: Code, region north of El Valle of Anton, 1000 m, P. H. Allen 3601 (Holotype MO, n.v.).— Hillia triflora var. pittieri (Standi.) C. M. Taylor Lasianthus Jack, Trans. Linn. Soc. 14: 125. 1823. Type: Lasianthus cyanocarpus Jack Lasianthus panamensis (Dwyer) Robbr., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 69: 427. 1982. Dressleriopsis panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 154. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, near La Eneida, beyond Cerro Jefe, 25 Jul 1968, R. L. Dressier 3560 (Holotype MO 2267568 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MEXU, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Lasionema D. Don, Lond. & Edinb. Phil. Mag. 2: 377. 1833. Type: Lasionema roseum (Ruiz & Pav.) D. Don (Cinchona rosea Ruiz & Pav.). (Here treated as a synonym of Macrocnemum R. Br.) Lasionema glabrescens Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 105. 1845. Type: COSTA RICA: Lagartos Bay (Carno Bay), Gulf of Nicoya, 12-16 Feb 1839, G. W. Barclay 2780 (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotype F (photo PTBG)). Macrocnemum. — Macrocnemum roseum (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd. Laugeria Vahl ex Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. 2: 101. 1873. Not Laugeria L., 1764. Lectotype: Laugeria resinosa Vahl (Laugeria Vahl, Eclog. 1: 26. 1796, lacked a generic description. For discussion see Little, 1959: 27.) Laugeria lucida Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 48. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise localiity, Swartz s.n. (presumably S, n.v.). Antirhea, Stenostomum. — Stenostomum lucidum (Sw.) C. F. Gaertn. Laugieria Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 2: 16. 1760. Type: Laugieria odorata Jacq. [Herein treated as a synonym of Guettarda L.] Laugieria odorata Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 2: 16. 1760. Type: CUBA: Ex Carthagena et Havana, Jacquin s.n. (Lectotype P, n.v.; designated by Steyermark, 1972: 360). —Guettarda odorata (Jacq.) Lam. Limnosipanea Hook. f. in Hook., Icon. PI. 1 1 : 38, t. 1050. 1868. Type: Limnosipanea spruceana Hook. f. Limnosipanea palustris (Seem.) Hook. f. in Hook., Icon. PI. 11: 38, t. 1050. 1868. Sipanea palustris Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 136. 1853. Type: PANAMA: In a swamp near Panama City, Seemann 347 (Holotype BM, in part [excluding specimen of Microlicia, I NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Lindenia Benth., PL Hartw. 84. 1841. Type: Lindenia rivalis Benth. (See Darwin (1976: 427) and Farr et al. (1979: 1620) for discussions regarding publication of the generic names Lindenia vs. Siphonia.) [Herein treated as a synonym of Augusta Pohl. See discussion of Augusta by Kirkbride, 1997.] Lindenia acutiflora Benth. in Hooker, Icon. PI. 5: tab. 475. 1842. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Puente Nacional, 1838, Linden 358 (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MO)).— Augusta rivalis (Benth.) J. H. Kirkbr. ulicans Wernham, J. Bot. 52. 226. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, shaded places on rocks at crossing of the river near Tocotepeque, Jul 1839, T. Hartwegs.n. (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MO)). — Habroneuron radicans (Wernham) S. P. Darwin Lindenia rivalis Benth., PI. Hartweg. 84. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: In rivis, la Vera Paz, T. Hartweg 581 (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MO)). Siphonia rivalis Benth., PL Hartweg. 84. 1841. Note: According to Farr et al. (1979: 1620) the name Siphonia was actually printed, but was crossed out in ink and the name Lindenia substituted in manuscript in all copies before distribution. The correction is printed on p. 351.— Augusta rivalis (Benth.) J. H. Kirkbr. Lindenia rivalis Benth. f. glabra S. P. Darwin, J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 439. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Chicomucelo [as "Chicomuselo"], 800 m, 14 Jul 1941, E. Matuda 4449 (Holotype US 2087017 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v.). —Lindenia rivalis Benth. Lonicera L. [Caprifoliaceae] Lonicera alba L., Sp. PL 175. 1753. Type: JAMAICA or BARBADOS: Material cultivated in the Clifford garden (possibly BM, n.v.). According to Howard (1989) a specimen in the Sloan herbarium may be an Loranthus Jacq. [Loranthaceae] Loranthus guadalupensis DC, Prodr. 4: 294. 1830. Type: GUADALOUPE: Without precise locality, Bertero s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC 800.666.II.2)). — Psychotria guadalupensis (DC.) Howard Lycium L. [Solanaceae] Lyciumjaponicum Thunb., Nov. Gen. PL 132, pi. 9. 1798. Type: JAPAN: Collector and locality unknown (presumably UPS, n.v.). — Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb. Lygodysodea Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Chil. 32, t 5. 1794. Type: Lygodysodea fetida Ruiz & Pav. [Herein treated as a synonym of Paederia L.] Lygodysodea ciliata Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 470. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Ad Acahuitzola, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.; not located by Puff, 1991).— Paederia ciliata (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Machaonia Humb. & BonpL, PL Aeqin. 1: 101. 1806. Type: Machaonia acuminata Humb. & BonpL Machaonia acuminata Humb. & BonpL, PL Aequm. 1: 101,/. 29. 1806. Type: ECUADOR: In ipsa urbe Guyaquil, A. Bonpland 3828 (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Machaonia coulteri (Hook, f.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 209. 1919. Microsplenium coulteri Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. PL 2: 4. 1873. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo: Zimapan, Coulter s.n. (Holotype K, n.v.). Machaonia fasciculata A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 19: 77. 1883. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Coulter 1167 (Holotype GH, n.v.).^Machaonia coulteri (Hook, f.) Standi. Machaonia floribunda Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 488. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Tamaulipas, hills, ' 3Junl897, C. G. Pringle 6641 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., MO, P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Machaonia acuminata Humb. & Bonpl. Machaonia galeottiana Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204. 1879. Type: CUBA: Le Havane, H. Galeotti s.n. (Holotype P (photo MO)). On the holotype label the word "Veracruz" is crossed out and "Le Havane" written in. As noted by Standley (1934: 222) the collection resembles no Mexican species. — Machaonia havanensis (Jacq.) Alain Machaonia hahniana Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, Acatlan, Juillet 1865, L. Hahn s.n. (Holotype P (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG)). Machaonia havanensis (Jacq. ex J. F. Gmel.) Alain, Phytologia 8: 370. 1962. Spermacoce havanensis Jacq. in J. F. Gmel., Syst. Nat. 2: 234. 1791. Type: Based on Spermacoce fruticosa Jacq., ined.? (type not located). Machaonia lindeniana Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Campeche, Campeche, fl. en Juin, (Yucatan), Linden s.n. (Holotype P (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG)). Machaonia martinezorum Lorence, Novon 4: 123, fig. 3. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mun. de Ocosingo, a 50 km al S de Boca Lacantum, 130 m, 24 Jun 1986, E. Martinez S. 19016 (Holotype PTBG 7356; Isotypes MEXU, MO). Machaonia martinicensis (DC.) Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 193. 1940. Tertrea martinicensis DC, Prodr. 4: 481. 1830. Type: MARTINIQUE: Richard s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.). Machaonia martinicensis (DC.) Standi, var. dodgei (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 193. 1940. Machaonia rotundata Griseb. var. dodgei Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1326. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Beach between Rio Sandio and Rio Tigre, 1 May 1930, C. W. Dodge 7752 (Holotype F 890888 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). — Machaonia martinicensis (DC.) Standi. Machaonia pringlei A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 380. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, limestone ledges, mountains, Jimulco, 27 Apr 1885, C. G. Pringle 146 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., F (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Machaonia rotundata Griseb. var. dodgei Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1326. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Beach between Rio Sandoval and River Tigre, 1 May 1930, C. W. Dodge 7752 (Holotype F 890888 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). — Machaonia martinicensis (DC.) Standi. Machaonia tysonii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 106. 1966. Type: PANAMA. Los Santos, thicket near man-made dam, main highway, Monagre Beach, J. D. Dwyer 5067 (MO, not located in 6/1996). Note: John Dwyer (pers. comm. 24 March 1993) believes citation of this collection was a typographical error and the following collection actually represents the holotype: PANAMA: Along Quebrada Vital off Rio Chucanagre, km 16 de Yavita, 4 Jul 1962, J. A. Duke 5067 (Holotype MO 3725554 (photo PTBG)). In the Flora of Panama Rubiaceae treatment, Dwyer (1980) erroneously cited Dwyer 5061 as the holotype; the latter specimen was not located at MO in 3/1993 or 6/1996— Machanonia acuminata Humb. & Bonpl. Machaonia velutina M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 1 1: 134. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, ravines de Puente Nacional, pres Veracruz, H. Galeotti 7104 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG)).— Machaonia acuminata Humb. & Bonpl. Machaonia veracruzeana Baill., Bull. Mens. Soc. Linn. Paris 1: 204. 1879. Norn, superfl., based on Machaonia velutina M. Martens & Galeotti, 1844 —Machaonia acuminata Humb. & Bonpl. Macrocnemum P. Browne, Hist. Jam. 165. 1756. Type: Macrocnemum jamaicense L. Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. 2: 38, pi. 30. 1791. Type: TRINIDAD: Vicinia i NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE (Vahl) DC. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38. 1791. Type: TRINIDAD: Without precise locality, von Rohr s.n. (C, n.v.). Mussaenda. inea (Vahl) Klotzsch i corymbosum Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 2: 48, pi. 189. 1799. Type: PERU: In Andium collibus et runcationibus calidis versus Chinchao, Acomayo, Pillao, Mufla, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Presumably mbosa (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Macrocnemum exsertum Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 45. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Jarvis, 3000 ft., Oersted s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). — Pogonopus exsertus (Oerst.) Oerst. Macrocnemum glabrescens (Benth.) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 4, 1: 76. 1854. h., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 105. 1844. Type: COSTA RICA: Lagartos Bay (Carno Bay), Gulf of Nicoya, 12-16 Feb 1839, G. W. Barclay 2780 (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotype F (photo PTBG)). — Macrocnemum roseum (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd. Note: Macrocneum glabrescens is regarded as a taxonomic synonym of M. roseum by Andersson in Andersson & Taylor (1994). Macrocnemum pastoense G. Karst, Linnaea 30: 150. 1859. Type: COLOMBIA: Ad littora fluminis Mayo et Juanambu provinciae Pasto, Karsten (presumably W, n.v.). Macrocnemum roseum (Ruiz & Pav.) Wedd., Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., Ser. 4, 1: 76. 1854. Cinchona rosea Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 54. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Pozuzo, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Lectotype MA, n.v.; Isolectotypes BM, n.v., G, n.v., G-DC, n.v., K, n.v., MA, n.v., P, n.v.; designated by Andersson in Andersson & Taylor, 1994: 12). Macrocnemum speciosus Jacq., Hort. Schoenbr. 1: 19. 1797. Type: VENEZUELA: Based on material cultivated at Schonbrunn, Vienna, said to have been brought from vicinity of Caracas, Venezuela (not located). — Pogonopus speciosus (Jacq.) K. Schum. Note: Standley & Williams (1975) and Dwyer (1980) incorrectly referred collections from Central America to this South American species; the Central American species is tus (Oerst.) Oerst. Malanea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 106, t. 41. 1775. Type: Malanea sarmentosa Aubl. Malanea colombiana Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 66. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: El Valle, Pennell & Killip 5987 (Holotype US, n.v.: Isotypes GH, n.v., NY, n.v.). Malanea erecta Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 136. 1854. Type: PANAMA: Island of Taboga, Bay of Panama, Seemann s.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.). . l(>5. (G. Karst.) G. Karst. Based on Hedyotis cachirensis G. Karst. (=Arcytophyllum cachirense (G. Karst.) K. Schum.) Mallostoma acerosa (A. Gray) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 31. 1881. Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1: 81. 1852. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, high prairies, from Live Oak Creek to the Las Moras, Jun 1849, C. Wright 237 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US). Ereicoctis, Houstonia, Oldenlandia. —Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray Mallostoma lavarum Donn. Sm., Enum. PI. Guatemal. 5: 36. 1899. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, summit of Chiriqui Volcano, 3374 m, 12 Mar 191 1, W. R. Maxon 5349 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Arcytophyllum lavarum (Donn. Sm.) K. Schum. ex Standi. Mallastoma shannonii Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 18: 203. 1893. Type: GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango, Chicoy, 9000 ft., Mar 1892, W. C. Shannon s.n. (Holotype US 48603 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 943475).— Hedyotis serpyllacea Schltdl. .PI.: 553, 558. 1771 Bias, El Llano-Carti Rd., km 16.7, 350 m, trail west to waterfall 5 km from road, 16 Jun 1985, G. de Nevers & S. Charnley 5907 (Holotype MO 3623655 (photo PTBG)). Manettia barbata Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 47. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: In Monte Aguacate, 2000 ft., Feb 1846, Oersted 11521 (Holotype C, n.v. (photos MO, US); Isotypes K, n.v., US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). \Iunenni hiicataurcnsis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 278. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, along RR (railroad) near station at Milla 10, 27 Jul 1971, T. B. Croat & D. M. Porter 16334 (Holotype MO 2166138 (photo PTBG)).— Hedyotis lancifolia K. Schum. Manettia costaricensis Wernham, J. Bot. 4 1 (suppl.): 38. 1919. Syntypes: COSTA RICA: Tucurrique, deboisements de Las Vueltas, 650-700 m, Dec 1898, A. Tonduz 12873 (B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO; fragment F), BM, n.v., US 1390734 (photos MEXU, PTBG), US 354369). COSTA RICA: Without precise locality, 3500 ft., Endres 2 (W, n.v. (fragment F)).— Manettia reclinata L. Manettia estrellae Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 6. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, La Estrella, 26-27 Mar 1924, P. C Standley 39224 (Holotype US 1 153146 (photos MEXU, PTBG)) —Manettia flexilis Brandegee Manettia flexilis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196. 1915. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, Jun 1914, C. A. Purpus 7118 (Holotype UC 174907, n.v.; Isotypes F, GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Manettia hirtella M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 238. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, cordillere orientale, au bords des rivieres, dans les forets de Tonaguia, 4000-5000 pieds, Jun 1840, H. Galeotti 2635 (Holotype BR, r Manettia hydrophila Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 280. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, mouth of Rio Concepcion, in swamp, 4 Dec 1967, W. H. Lewis, T. B. Croat & J. L. Hawker 2822 (Holotype MO 2268375).— Sipanea biflora (L. f.) Cham. & Schltdl. Manettia liebmannii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 337. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Pelado [probably Cerro Pelon], Liebmann 11485 [=Liebmann Rubiaceae 147] (Holotype C, n.v. (fragment US; photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis galeottii (M. Martens) Terrell & Lorence Manettia longicalycina Dwyer & Lorence, Novon 3: 61. 1993. Type: PANAMA: Code, Alto Calvario, 800-900 m, 20 Apr 1977, /. P. Folsom & Jaslon 2665 (Holotype MO 2608777 (photo PTBG)). Manettia longipedicellata C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 202,.% 1A. 1995. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, Canton de Matina, Cordillera Talamanca, 200 m, aguas abajo de la confluencia de la quebrada Canabral con el no Barbilla, 10°00'10"N, 83°25'30"W, 5 Nov 1988, G. Herrera 2290 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype MO 3649361). Manettia microphylla Lorence & Dwyer, Novon 3: 60. 1993. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Pirre Massif, Alturas de Nique, above Cana Mine, 850-1 150 m, 2 Mar 1988, G. McPherson 12189 (Holotype MO 3648261 (photo PTBG); Isotypes PTBG, SCZ). Manettia orbifera Wernham, J. Bot. 57 (suppl.): 41. 1919. Type: GUATEMALA: Retalhuleu, Bernoulli & Cairo 1649 (Holotype K, n.v.). —Manettia reclinata L. Manettia panamensis Duchass. & Walp., Linnaea 23: 753. 1850. Type: PANAMA: Duchassaing s.n. (presumably GOET, n.v.). — Manettia reclinata L. Manettia reclinata L., Mant. PI. 2: 558. 1771. Type: Not designated. Note: this species is actually based on Colombian material seen by Mutis, not Mexican material. Apparently Linnaeus believed that Santa Fe de Bogota A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE was the Santa Fe in Mexico (L. Andersson, pers. comm., 1996). No herbarium specimens are known to exist, and a neotype needs to be Manettia seleriana Loes., Verhandl. Bot. Verein Brandenburg 65: 107. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Los Amates, 1 Jan 1897, E. Seler & C. Seler 3309 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US; fragment F); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Manettia reclinata L. Manettia stenophylla Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 56: 58. 1913. Type: COSTA RICA: Tucurrique, Las Vueltas, 635 m, Jan 1899, A. Tonduz 12969 (Holotype US 943614 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG, US); Isotype B, destroyed (fragment F)). — Manettia barbata Oerst. Manettia zimapanica Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 30. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Zimapan, Coulter 203 (Holotype K, n.v.). —Status u Mapourea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 175. 1775. Type: Mapouria guianensis Aubl. [Herein treated as a synonym of Psychotria L.] Mapourea chamissoana Loes., Verhandl. Bot. Verein Brandenburg 65: 112. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Tecolute [Tecolutla], Schiede 1266 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)). Psychotria. —Psychotria erythrocarpa Schltdl. Mapourea graciliflora (Benth.) Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, t. 14, fig. 6. 1863. Psychotria graciliflora Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 35. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, adNaranjo, Apr 1847, Oersted 11611 (Holotype C (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes K, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria graciliflora Benth. Mapouria micrantha (Kunth) Wernham, Kew Bull. 1914: 69. 1914. Type: PERU (?): A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (fragment F)).— Psychotria micrantha Kunth Mapouria miradorensis Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, /. 14, fig. 9. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, in quercetum, 3000 ft., 1841-1843, F. Liebmann 11662 (Lectotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype US, n.v.; designated by Hamilton, 1989). Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, Apr 1847, F. Liebmann 11577 '(C (photos MEXU, PTBG); Mirador, F. Liebmann 11614 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria.— Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. costivenia Mapouria obovata Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, t. 1 4, figs. 3, 4. 1863. Not Psychotria obovata Ruiz & Pav., 1799. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, F. Liebmann s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). Psychotria.— Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Mapouria papantlensis, Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17. t. 14, fig. 5. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Papantla,/ Liebmann s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). Uragoga. — Psychotria papantlensis (Oerst.) Hemsl. Mapouria remota (Benth.) Muell. Arg., Flora 59: 459. 1876. Psychotria remota Benth., J. Bot. Hook. 3: 225. 1841. Type: BRAZIL: On the Rio Negro, Schomburgk 963 (Holotype K, n.v. (photo NY); Isotypes F, W, n.v.). —Psychotria remota Benth. Mapouria salicifolia Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, t. 14, fig. 2. 1863. Not Psychotria salicifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, 1819. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Lacoba [Lacova], F. Liebmann s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v). Psychotria.— Psychotria papantlensis (Oerst.) Hemsl. Mapouria stipulata Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, t. 14, fig. 7. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Papantla, F. Liebmann 11615 (Lectotype C, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntype: MEXICO: Veracruz, Papantla, F. Liebmann 11636 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Liebmann 11615, a well preserved flowering specimen with a duplicate, is the best choice for lectotype. Psychotria.— Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. costivenia Mapouria tomentosa Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, t. 14, fig. 8. 1863. Not Psychotria tomentosa Mull Arg. ex Mart., 1881, nor Hemsl., 1881. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, prope Papantla, F Liebmann s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). , probably Psychotria micrantha Kunth in Humbl., Bonpl. & Kunth Mapouria trichogyne Muell. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Brasil. 6: 426. 188. Type: BRAZIL: Habitat in prov. de Alto Amazonas, prope Manaos ad Rio Negro, Spruce s.n. (B, presumably destroyed). Geophila. — Geophila cordifolia Miq. Microsplenium Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2: 4. 1873. Type: Microsplenium coulteri Hook. f. [Herein treated as a synonym ofMachaonia Humb. & Bonpl] Microsplenium coulteri Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2: 4. 1873. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Zimapan, Coulter (Holotype K, n.v.).— Machaonia coulteri (Hook, f.) Standi. MitchellaL., Sp. PI. 1: ill. 1753. Type: Mitchella repens L. Mitchella repens L., Sp. PI. 1 : 1 1 1. 1753. Type: U.S.A.: Habitat in Carolina, Terra Mariana, Virginia, Herb. Linn. 135.1 (Lectotype LINN, n.v.; designated by Reveal et al., 1987: 215). Mitracarpum auct. [Herein treated under Mitracarpus Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult f. in Roem. & Schult., Mant. PI. 3: 210 (as Mitracarpum), 399. 1827. Type: Mitracarpus scaber Zucc. ex Schult. & Schult. f. Mitracarpus breviflorus A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 68. 1853 (as Mitracarpum breviflorum). Type: MEXICO: Sonora, mountain ravines and hill- sides near Santa Cruz, Sep 1851, C. Wright 1120 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC, Prodr. 4: 572. 1830. Spermacoce hirta L., Sp. PL, ed. 2, 1: 148. 1762. Not Spermacoce hirta L., 1767, nor Sw., 1791. Type: JAMAICA: Browne •Spermacoce # 3 ' (LINN 125.4, n.v.). For typification see Verdcourt (1975: 317-322). Mitracarpus linearis Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 20. 1844 (as Mitracarpium lineare). Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Cape [Cabo] San Lucas, Hinds 65 (Holotype BM, n.v.). Mitracarpus pallidus Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beech. Voy. 4: 30. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Realjo, collector probably Sinclair s.n. (Holotype presumably K, n.v.). Mitracarpus rhadinophyllus (B. L. Rob.) L. O. Williams, Fieldiana, Bot. 29: 371. 1961. Borreria rhadinophylla B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. 45: 409. 1910. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): On dry, sandy pine ridges, 23 Oct 1905, M. E. Peck 180 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype NY, n.v.) Mitracarpus schizangius DC, Prodr. 4: 572. 1830 (as Mitracarpum schizangium). Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Mitracarpus schizangius DC. var. angi Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 7. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Volcan El Viejo, Oersted s.n. (Holotype C, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Mitracarpus villosus (Sw.) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 363. 1828. Spermacoce villosa Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 29. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartz s.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.) —Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC Montamans Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 284. 1980. Type: Montamans panamensis Dwyer [Herein treated as a synonym of Psychotria L.] Montamans panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 286, fig 62. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Cerro Horqueta, rain forest, ca. 5500 ft., 20 Jul 1968, J. D. Dwyer & B. Lallathin 8792 (Holotype MO 2163225 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria aggregata Standi. Morinda L., Sp. PI. 1: 176. 1753. Type: Morinda Morinda asperula Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 54. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, hilly pine forest near Quirigua, 72-150 m, 26-27 Apr 1939, P. C. Standley 72368 (Holotype F 991552 (photo PTBG)). A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Morinda citrifolia L., Sp. PI. 1: 176. 1753. Type: INDIA: (Holotype LINN 236.1, n.v. (microfiche MO)). Morinda guatemalensis (Donn. Sm.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 385. 1972. Appunia guatemalensis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 48: 294. 1909. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Livingston, Jun 1906, H. von Tuerckheim III-230 (Holotype US 943501 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Appunia guatemalensis Donn. Sm. Morinda laxa Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 449. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). — Status uncertain. Morinda mesochora Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 345. 1929. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Honey Camp, Orange Walk, Sep 1928, C. L. Lundell 19 (Holotype F 580825; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Morinda muscosa Jacq., Sel. Stirp. Amer. 65. 1763. Type: MARTINIQUE: Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). — Psychotria muscosa (Jacq.) Steyerm. Morinda panamensis Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 136. 1854. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Chagres, 10 Feb 1850, Fendler J 48 (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Morinda royoc L., Sp. PI. 1: 176. 1753 [as roioc]. Type: Habitat in America calidiore, Herb. Clifford 73, Morinda I (Lectotype BM; designated by Lorence, 1993: 68). Morinda vucatanensis Greenm., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 262. 1907. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, in brush lands about Izamal, 1895, G F. Gaumer 362 (Lectotype F 36165 (photo PTBG), here designated; Isolectotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Note: in his protologue Greenman cited duplicates of Gaumer 362 at both F and GH without designating a holotype. An additional duplicate exists at US. I have selected the excellent flowering and fruiting specimen at F as lectotype. — Morinda royoc L. ,.,Sp. PI. 1: 177. 1753. Type: l frondosa L. Mussaenda acutiflora Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 370. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 370.2)) —Status uncertain. Mussaenda candidissima (Vahl) Roem. & Schult.,Syst.Veg.5:251. 1819. Macrocnemum candidissimum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38,/?/. 30. 1791. Type: TRINIDAD: Vicinia St. Marthae, von Rohr s.n. (Holotype C, n.v). — Calycophvllum candidissumum (Vahl) DC. Mussaenda coccinea (Vahl) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. 4: 394. 1797. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38. 1791. Type: TRINIDAD: Without precise locality, von Rohr s.n. (Holotype C, n.v.). — Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch Mussaenda erythrophylla Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. PI. 116. 1827. Type: TROPICAL AFRICA: Guinea, Thonnings.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.; probable Isotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 371.8)). Cultivated in Mesoamerica. Mussaenda formosa Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (presumably G, n.v.). Randia. — Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jacq.) Fagerl. Mussaenda glabra Vahl, Symb. Bot. 3: 38. 1794. Type: Collector and location unknown. Cultivated in Mesoamerica. Mussaenda luteola Dehle in Caill., Voy. Meroe 4: 65. 1827. Type: ARABIA: Nubia, collector unknown (Holotype presumably MPU, n.v.; probable isotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 371.9)). Cultivated in Mesoamerica. Mussaenda spinosa Sesse & Mo?., La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 1: 36. 1888. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Martinica, Indiarum Cartagine et calidis Novae Hispaniae regionibus, Sesse & Mocino 1583 (presumably MA, n.v. (fragment F)). —Randia tetracantha (Cav.) DC. Mussaenda tetracantha Cav., Icon. PI. 4: 20, pi. 435. 1799. Type: MEXICO: [Probably Guerrero], cerca Acapulco, Nee s.n. (presumably MA, n.v. (photos F, MEXU, MO)).— Randia tetracantha (Cav.) DC. Nauclea L., Sp. PL, ed. 2, 1: 243. 1762. Type: Nauclea orientalis (L.) L., based on Cephalanthus orientalis L. Nauclea cadamba Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 121. 1824. Type: INDIA: Rheede, Hon. Ind. Malabar. 3: tab. 33, Katou-tsjaka (1678-1703). —Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Nauclea tomentosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 221. 1819. Type: COLOMBIA: In ripa flumen Magdalenae prope Naers, Humboldt s.n. (Holotype B-W 3910, n.v.). — Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC. Neolamarckia Bosser, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat, Paris, Ser. 4, Sect. B, Adansonia 6(3): 247. 1984. Type: Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) Bosser, Bull. Mus. Natl. Hist. Nat., Paris, Ser. 4, Sect. B, Adansonia 6(3): 247. 1984. Nauclea cadamba Roxb., Fl. Ind. 2: 121. 1824. Type: INDIA: Rheede, Hon. Ind. Malabar. 3: tab. 33, Katou-tsjaka (1678-1703). Cultivated and naturalized in Costa Rica according to Burger & Taylor (1993). Nernstia mexicana (Zucc. & Mart, ex DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 146. 1923. Coutarea mexicana Zucc. & Mart, ex DC, Prodr 4- 350. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Martius in 1829 (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (IDC 800.680: 0.7)). Cigarilla. Nertera Banks & Sol. ex C. F. Gaertn., Fruct Sem. PI. 1: 124, pi. 26. 1788. Nomen conservandum. Type: Nertera depressa Gaertn. [=Nertera granadensis (Mutis ex L. f.) Druce.] Note: Nertera depressa was listed, as a synonym of Gomozia granadensis, by Standley (1938) as occurring in Costa Rica; however, it does not occur in the Northern Hemisphere. Nertera alsinoides Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 413. 1831. Type: MEXICO: Questa Grande de Jalacingo, Schiede & Deppe 1 27 1 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.). — Didymaea alsinoides (Schltdl. & Cham.) Standi. Nertera granadensis (Mutis ex L. f.) Druce, Rep. Bot. Soc. Exch. Club Brit. Isles 1916: 637. 1917. Gomozia granadensis Mutis ex L. f., Suppl. PI. 129. 1781. Type: COLOMBIA: America meridionali, Mutis s.n. (LINN 172.1, n.v. (microfiche)). Nonatelia Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 182, pi. 70-75. Ml 5. Type: Nonatelia racemosa Aubl. [Herein treated as a synonym of Psychotria nalis Aubl, Hist. PI. Guiane 1 : 182, tab. 70. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, Aublet s.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.).— Psychotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. Nonatelia panamensis DC, Prodr. 4: 466. 1830. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). — Status uncertain, probably Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Raeusch. Nonatelia racemosa Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane 1 : 187, t. 72. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUYANA: In sylvis territorii Orapu, Aublet s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.) — Psychotri Rich. Nothophlebia Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 438. 1914. Type: Nothophlebia costaricensis Standi. [Herein treated as a synonym of Pentagonia Benth.] Nothophlebia costaricensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 438. 1914. Type: COSTA RICA: Collines de Moin, littoral atlantique, Nov 1899, H. Pittier 16024 (Holotype US 578472 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Pentagonia costaricensis (Standi.) W. C Burger & C M. Taylor A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Oldenlandia L., Sp. PL 1: 119. 1753. Type: Oldenlandia corymbosa L. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hedyotis L.] Oldenlandia acerosa (A. Gray) A. Gray, PL Wright. 2: 67. 1853. Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray, PL Wright. 1:81. 1852. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, high prairies from Live Oak Creek to the Las Moras, Jun 1849, C. Wright 237 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US). Houstonia, Mallostoma. — Hedyotis acerosa A. Gray Oldenlandia angustifolia (Michx.) A. Gray, PL Wright. 2: 68. 1853. Houstonia angustifolia Michx., Fl. Bor. Amer. 1: 85. 1803. Type: U.S.A.: Florida in submantimis, collector not cited (presumably P, n. v.).— Hedyotis nigricans (Lam.) Fosberg Oldenlandia callitrichoides Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 8: 506. 1863. Type: CUBA: Without precise locality, ad ripas rivulorum, Wright 268 (Lectotype GOET, n.v.; designated by Terrell & Lewis, 1990). Syntype: CUBA: Wright 1640 (GOET, n.v.). Oldenlandiopsis. — Hedyotis callitrichoides (Griseb) W. H. Lewis Oldenlandia corymbosa L., Sp. PL 1: 119. 1753. Lectotype: "Oldenlandia," Plumier, Nov. PL Amer. t. 36. 1703; designated by Verdcourt (1976: 308).— Hedyotis corymbosa (L.) Oldenlandia deppeana (Schltdl. & Cham.) DC, Prodr. 4: 428. 1830. Gerontogea deppeana Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 169. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, ad San Andres, 1829, Schiede & Deppe 391 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hedyotis.— Hedyotis microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) Steud. Oldenlandia depressa Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 27. 1893. Not O. depressa Willd. in L., 1798. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in montibus S. Augustine et viciniis. Floret Julio, Sesse, Mocino, Castillo & Maldonado 601 (FL Mex. Ic 325) (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; Isotype F, n.v.) — Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi, subsp. tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) W. H. Lewis & R. L. Oldenlandia herbacea (L.) Roxb., Hort. Bengal. 11. 1814. Hedyotis herbacea L., Sp. PL 1: 102. 1753. Type: CEYLON: (Presumably LINN, n.v.).— Hedyotis herbacea L. Oldenlandia humifusa (A. Gray) A. Gray, Smiths. Contr. Knowl. 5: 68. 1853. Hedyotis humifusa A. Gray, J. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist. 6: 216. 1850. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, near Fredericksburg, 1847, F. Lindheimer 621 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes BM, n.v., MICH, n.v., MO, PH, n.v., US). Houstonia. — Hedyotis humifusa A. Gray Oldenlandia lancifolia (Schumach.) DC, Prodr. 4: 425. 1830. Hedyotis lancifolia Schumach. in Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. Guin. PL 72. 1827. Type: GHANA: Valley of Aquapim, Thonning 210 (Lectotype C, n.v.; Isolectotype S, n.v.; designated by Verdcourt, 1976: 292). — Hedyotis lancifolia Schumach. in Schumach. & Thonn. Oldenlandia latifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 235. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, near Xalapa, 3000 ft., 1840, H Galeotti 2556 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH).— Hedyotis exigula W. H. Lewis Oldenlandia microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) DC, Prodr. 4: 428. 1830. Gerontogea microtheca Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 169. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Barranca de Tioselos in umbrosis, Sep, Schiede & Deppe 390 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), label states In sylvis Papanatlae, Jan., Dec, corolla alba). —Hedyotis microtheca (Schltdl. & Cham.) Steud. Oldenlandia ovata S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 97. 1883. Not Hedyotis ovata Thunb. ex Maxim., 1883. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Guajuco, 27 miles SE of Monterrey, 1-8 Mar 1880, E. Palmer 399 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG); designated by Terrell, 1978, in herb.). Syntype: MEXICO: Ervandberg 200 (GH, n.v). — Hedyotis watsonii W. H. Lewis Oldenlandia pringlei B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 27: 169. 1892. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, alkaline plaines, Hacienda de Angostura, 27 Jun 1891, C. G. Pringle 3758 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO (photo PTBG), US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hedyotis pringlei (B. L. Rob.) W. H. Lewis Oldenlandia racemosa Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 28. 1893. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Cordovae pratis. Floret Julio, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Oldenlandia repens L., Mant. 40. 1767. Type: INDIA: Without precise locality or collector (Lectotype LINN 155.2, n.v.; designated by Verdcourt, 1983).— Dentella repens (L.) J. R. & G. Forst. Oldenlandia rubra (Cav.) A. Gray, PI. Wright. 2: 68. 1853. Houstonia rubra Cav., Icon. 5: 48, t. 474, fig. 1. 1799. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Ixmiquilpan, Nee s.n. (Presumably MA, n.v.).— Hedyotis rubra (Cav.) A. Gray Oldenlandia xestosperma B. L. Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 32: 41. 1896. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, open glades, Sierra de San Felipe, 8000 ft., Jun 1894, C G. Pringle 4692 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotypes BM, n.v., F, K, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), MSC, n.v., PH, n.v., US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG), VT, n.v.; designated by Terrell, 1980). Hedyotis, Houstonia. — Bouvardia xestosperma (B. L. Rob. & Greenm.) Terrell & S. D. Koch Oldenlandiopsis Terrell & W. H. Lewis, Brittonia42: 185. 1990. Type: Oldenlandiopsis callitrichoides (Griseb.) Terell & W. H. Lewis. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hedyotis L.] Oldenlandiopsis callitrichoides (Griseb.) Terrell & W. H. Lewis, Brittonia 42: 185. 1990. Oldenlandia callitrichoides Griseb., Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n.s. 8: 506. 1863. Type: CUBA: Ad ripas rivulorum, C Wright 268 (Lectotype GOET, n.v.; designated by Terrell & Lewis, 1990). Syntype: CUBA: Wright Omiltemia Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8: 427. 1918. Type: Omiltemia longipes Standi. Omiltemia filisepala (Standi.) C. V. Morton, Baileya 16: 98. 1968. Kohleria filisepala Standi, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 107. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, 16 Dec 1936, E. Matuda 574 (Holotype F 916483 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MEXU, US). Omiltemia floribunda (Standi.) J. H. Kirkbr., Syst. Bot. 9: 413. 1984. Edithea fioribunda Standi., Trop. Woods. 34: 2. 1933. Not Deppea floribunda Hemsl., 1879. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Malinaltepec, Mar 1930, L. Schultze 363 (Holotype B, destroyed (fragment F)). — Deppea schultzei Lorence Omiltemia longipes Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8: 427. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Omilteme, May 1903, E. W. Nelson 7054 (Holotype US 1084692 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., US). Omiltemia scoti J. H. Kirkbr., Syst. Bot. 9: 41 1. 1984. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, above Teotitlan del Camino on road to Huautla de Jimenez, 2000-3250 m, 3 Aug 1961, C. E. Smith, Jr., F. A. Peterson & N. Tejada 4137 (Holotype US 2645608; Isotype GH (photo PTBG)).— Deppea scoti (J. H. Kirkbr.) Ophiorhiza L., Gen., ed. 5, 74. 1754. {=Ophiorrhiza L., 1753.) Ophiorhiza lanceolata Forssk., F. Aegypt.-Arab. 42. 1775. Type: YEMEN: Hadie Mts., Forsskals.n. (Holotype C, n.v.; Isotype BM, n.v.). — Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers Ophryococcus Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 52. 1853. Type: Ophryococcus gesnerioides Oerst. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hoffmannia Sw.] Ophryococcus gesnerioides Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 53. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL t Segovia, Pantasmo, Jan 1848, Oersted 9332 [=Plantae centroamericanae Oersted 9332] (Holotype C, n.v. (photo F); Isotype F). — Hoffmannia gesnerioides (Oerst.) Kuntze Oregandra Standi, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 265. 1929; Trop. Woods 16: 22. 1928 (nomen nudum). Type: Oregandra panamensis Standi. [Herein treated as a synonym of Chione DC] Oregandra panamensis Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 265. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Talamanca Valley, 1927, G. P. Cooper & G. M. Slater 144 {Yale 10490) (Holotype F 573817 (photo PTBG); Isotypes US 1316774 (photos MEXU, PTBG), US 1316777).— Chione sylvicola (Standi.) W. C. Burger Osa Aiello, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 115. 1979. Type: Osa pulchra (D. R. Simpson) Aiello Osa pulchra (D. R. Simpson) Aiello, J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 116. 1979. Hintonia pulchra D. R. Simpson, Phytologia 29: 277. 1974. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Osa Peninsula, about 5 km W. of Rincon de Osa, W. Burger & R. Liesner 7320 (Holotype F 1729029 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Otocalyx Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 68. 1914. Type: Otocalyx chiapensis Brandegee [Herein treated as a synonym of Rondeletia L.] Otocalyx chiapensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914. Not Rondeletia chiapasensis Standi., 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, 1913, C. A. Purpus 7041 (Holotype UC 173047 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). — Rondeletia brandegeana Lorence. Paederia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 12, 2: 189. 1767; Mant. PI. 52. 1767. Type: Paederia foetida L. Paederia ciliata (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 386. 1940. Lygodysodea ciliata Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 470. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Ad Acahuitzola, Haenke s.n. (presumably PR, n.v.; not located by Puff, 1991). Paederia pringlei Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39: 92. 1903. Type: MEXICO: Morelos, lava fields near Yautepec, 4500 ft., 27 Oct 1902, C G. Pringle 8682 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MEXU, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Paederia ciliata (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. i Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 172, pi. 66. Ml 5. Type: Palicourea guianensis Aubl. Palicourea adusta Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 279. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Cerro de las Vueltas, 2700-3000 m, 29 Dec 1925-1 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 43666 (Holotype US 1253350 (photo PTBG)). Palicourea albocaerulea C M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 15, fig. 3c, d. 1989. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Monteverde Cloud Forest Reserve, Pacific slope of Continental Trail, Nuboso Trail, 1540-1620 m, 16 Sep 1983, Busby 107 (Holotype DUKE, Palicourea angustifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 367. 1819. Type: VENEZUELA: Amazonas, banks of Orinoco and Rio Negro, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B-WI, n.v. (photo MO)). Palicourea austin-smithii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1333. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Canton Alfaro Ruiz, Palmira, 2300 m, 4 Aug 1938, A. Smith HI 034 (Holotype F 942192 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG)).— Palicourea salicifolia Standi. Palicourea bella (Standi.) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 299. 1980. Psychotria bella Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 185. 1928. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, between Alto de Las Palmas and Cerro de la Horqueta, 2100-2268 m, 18 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3250 (Holotype US 677646 (photo PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Palicourea bellula C M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 24, fig. 9, a, b, d. 1989. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Rio Vueltas, upper Rio Patria, eastern slope of Volcan Barba at the Continental Divide, ca. 2000 m, 27 Jan 1970, W. C. Burger & R. L. Liesner 7514 (Holotype F 1833197 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Palicourea brenesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1333. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Palmira del Naranjo, in forest, 1850 m, Apr 1921, Brenes 3512 (Holotype F 851630 (photo PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Palicourea caerulescens Suessenguth, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 72: 286. 1942. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose-Limon border region, Chirripo Grande, 3000 m, 30 Apr 1932, Kupper 1200 (Holotype M, n.v.). —Palicourea salicifolia Standi. Palicourea carpirostrata Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 299. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, N W of Santa Fe, 2 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra. Cloud forest on ridge top below summit of Cerro Tute, 28 Mar 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5262 (Holotype MO 2385000 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 2384999 (photo PTBG)). — Palicourea ochnoides Dwyer Palicourea chiriquina Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 140. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Cuesta de las Palmas, southern slope of Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700-2100 m, 17-19 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3211 (Holotype US 677607 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Palicourea copensis (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 204. 1993. Psychotria copensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 365. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Cope, El Potroso, Atlantic slope of Alto Calvario, 26 Feb 1977, J. P. Folsom & R. Lantz 1880 (Holotype MO 2605731 (photos MEXU PTBG)). Palicourea costaricensis Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Medd. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 38. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Volcan de Barba et Cerros de Candelaria, Oersted 11540 (Lectotype C, n.v. (photo F); Isolectotypes MICH, n.v., US, n.v.; designated by Standley, 1938).— Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 193. 1819. Psychotria crocea Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44: 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality, Swartz s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Palicourea dimorphandrioides (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 21 1. 1996. Cephaelis dimorphandrioides Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 66. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, valley of Rio Dos Bocas on road between Alto Piedras (above Santa Fe) and Calovebora, 350-400 m, 19 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27470 (Holotype MO 2201358 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Palicourea discolor K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Engl. 54, Beibl. 119: 40. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Canas Gordas, 1 100 m, 18 Feb 1897, H. Pittier 11161 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, US), fragment F; Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Palicourea domingensis (Jacq.) DC, Prodr. 4: 529. 1830. Psychotria domingensis Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: Without precise locality, Jacquin (location unknown). — Psychotria domingensis Jacq. Palicourea galeottiana M. Martens, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 136. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, H. Galeotti 2602 (Lectotype BR (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Taylor & Lorence, 1985: 669).— Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Palicourea garciae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 195. 1940. Type: COLOMBIA: El Valle, San Antonio, W of Cali, near summit of Cordillera Occidental, 1900-2350 m, Feb-Mar 1939, Killip & Garcia 33660 (Holotype F; Isotypes A, n.v., NY, n.v.). Palicourea gardenioides (Scheidw.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 52. 1881. Rhodostoma gardenioides Schiedw. in Otto & Dietr., Allgem. Gartenz. A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL 10: 286. 1842. Type: Based on cultivated material of unknown origin, presumably from Veracruz, Mexico; type not designated. — Psychotria gardenioides (Scheidw.) Standi. Palicourea gibbosa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 304. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacaracuna, West Ridge trail from summit camp to waterfall, E of camp, 1550-1700 m, 2 Feb 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 14108 (Holotype MO 2354276; Isotype MO 2354275). Palicourea gomezii C. M. Taylor, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 77: 215. 1990. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, quebrada Sangrijuela, 700 m, L. D. Gomez P., Chacon & Herrera 20896 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype MO. Palicourea grandibracteata Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 305. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, NW of Santa Fe, 2 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, cloud forest on ridge top below summit of Cerro Tute, 28 Mar 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5262 (Holotype MO 2384999 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 2385000 (photo PTBG)). — Palicourea ochnoides Dwyer Palicourea guianensis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 173, t. 66. Ml 5. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In Guajanae sylvis de Caux, Aublet s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Palicourea hammelii C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 43, fig. 22 c, d. 1989. Type: PANAMA: Near top of Continental Divide ridge between Chiriqui and Bocas del Toro provinces near Cerro Pate Macho NE of Boquete, 7100 ft, 15 Mar 1982, B. Hammel, W. J. Kress, S. Knapp, Trainer & Will 11408 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Palicourea intermedia Oerst. ex Pol., Linnaea 41: 571. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: Forests of La Carpintera, Polakowsky 143 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo F); Isotype W, n.v. (fragment F)).— Palicourea angustifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Palicourea lanceolata Oerst. ex Pol., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 39. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, in monte Candelaria, 2100 m, 1845^8, Oersted 11556 (Lectotype C, n.v. (photo & fragment F); designated by Standley (1938); see Uragoga carpinterensis O. Kuntze). — Palicourea angustifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Palicourea lancifera Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 249. 1951. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Canton Alfaro Ruiz, Zarcero, 1500 m, 17 Jun 1941, A. Smith 2794 (Holotype US 2215921 ex EAP (photo PTBG); Isotype F). Palicourea lasiorrhachis Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 39. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: In monte Candelaria, Feb 1847, Oersted 11557 (Holotype C, n.v. (photos F, NY); Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Palicourea leucantha Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville)48: 295. 1909. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, between Coban and Tactic, 1800 m, Mar 1903, H. von Tuerckheim 8400 (Holotype US 943517 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Palicourea longibracteata Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 527. 1830. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). — Palicourea triphylla DC. Palicourea lusinaturalis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 106. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Colon, NW part of Canal Zone, area W of Limon Bay, Gatun Locks and Gatun Lake, Rio Pina-Rio Media divide, Johnston 1807 (Holotype MO, not located 6/96). — Psychotria luxurians Rusby Palicourea macrantha Loes., Verh. Bot. Vereins Brandenburg 65: 113. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Nenton District, near Yalambohoch, Aug 1 896, E. Seler & C. Seler 2871 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, NY, US); fragment F). Palicourea macrocalyx Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 278. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Cerro de Las Lajas, north of San Isidro, 2000-2200 m, 7 Mar 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 51611 (Holotype US 1306801 (photo PTBG)). Palicourea macrosepala K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 119: 41. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Alto del Pito (Ojo de Agua), pres de San Marcos, 1000 m, Mar 1893, A. Tonduz 7704 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US; fragment F); Isotype BR, n.v.).— Palicourea discolor K. Palicourea mexicana Benth. in Oast, Vid. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 37. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: In monte Barba, Oersted 11559 (Lectotype C, n.v.; designated by Standley (1938); see Uragoga cordillerae O. Kuntze). —Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Palicourea molliramis K. Schum. & K. Krause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 40: 337. 1908. Type: COLOMBIA: Cauca, prope La Junta ad Rio d'Agua, 200-500 m, Lehmann 4667 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). Psychotria.— Psychotria hebeclada DC. Palicourea montensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 309. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Bocas del Toro-Chiriqui border region, on Cerro Colorado copper mine road 5000-5500 ft., 4 May 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5880 (Holotype MO).— Psychotria croceovenosa Dwyer (which is based on the same type and represents the correct generic placement for this species.) Palicourea montivaga Standi., J. Wash Acad Sci. 18: 279. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, 2000 m, 28 Feb 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 49850 (Holotype US 1306225 (photo PTBG, fragment F)). Palicourea nigrescens M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Sci. Bruxelles 1 1: 136. 1844. Not Psychotria nigrescens De Wild., 1924. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Cordillera Xalapa, 4000 pieds, Jun-Oct 1840, H Galeotti 2653 (Holotype BR, n.v. (photo F); Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria mexiae Standi. Palicourea ochnoides Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 310. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, trail up E side of Cerro Tute, to 1200 m, 25 Oct 1975, J. T. Witherspoon, F. Witherspoon & R. Dressier 8872 (Holotype MO 2302202 (photo PTBG)). Palicourea orosiana C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 61, fig. 33 a, b. 1989. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, about 10 km south of Tapanti along new road on east slope above the Rio Grande de Orosi, 1600 m, 14 & 17 Jul 1971, W. C. Burger & M. Burger 7574 (Holotype F 1940946 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence, Taxon 34: 669. 1985. Psychotria padifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Xalapa, Humboldt & Bonpland 4420 (Holotype B-WI (photos DUKE, F, MO, NY)). Palicourea panamensis Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 25: 839. 1938. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Valley of upper Rio Chiriqui Viejo, 1300-1900 m, Jul-Aug 1937, G White & P. White 14 (Holotype F 913062 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MO (photo PTBG)). —Palicourea discolor K. Krause Palicourea parviflor a Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 107. 1845. Type: PANAMA: Island off the coast of Veraguas, Barclay & Hinds s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.).— Palicourea triphylla DC. Palicourea pauciflora Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 278. 1928. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, between Alto de las Palmas and top of Cerro de la Horqueta, 2100-2265 m, 18 Mar 191 1, H Pittier 3237 (Holotype US 677618 (photo PTBG); Isoytpe F (photo PTBG)). Palicourea pendula C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 62,, fig. 37 a-d. 1989. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, ridge of Cordillera de Tute, trail to Cerro Tute above Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, just W of Santa Fe, 800-1350 m, 5 Jun 1982, S. Knapp & R. Dressier 5409 (Holotype MO 3041797 (photo PTBG)). V NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Palicourea phanaerandra Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 252. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Cerro San Gil, uppermost ridges and summit, 1200-1300 m, 26-27 Dec 1941, J. A. Steyermark 41952 (Holotype F 1 132612 (photo PTBG); Isotype US).— Psychotria phanaerandra (Standi. & Steyerm.) Lorence Palicourea purpurea C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 71, fig. 33 c, d. 1989. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, NW of Boquete along road to Palo Alto Arriba, from 2 km until road ends then another 0.5 km by trail, 1400-1600 m, 13 May 1984, C. M. Taylor 3201 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MO (photo PTBG)). Palicouraea purpusii Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 67. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Zacuapam [Zacuapan], shady forest, May 1928, C. A. Purpus 10110 (Holotype F 602907 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Palicourea macrantha Loes. Palicourea rigidifolia (Dwyer & Hayden) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 313. 1980. Cephaelis rigidifolia Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 37. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, 2700 ft., 20 Aug 1967, J. D. Dwyer 807 5 A (Holotype MO 2165097 (photo PTBG)).— Status uncertain, probably Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria Palicourea salicifolia Standi., J. Wash.Acad. Sci. 18: 280. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Laguna de La Chonta, northeast of Santa Maria de Dota, 2000-2100 m, 18 Dec 1925, P. C. Standley 42174 (Holotype US 1252646 (photo PTBG)). Palicourea seleri Loes., Verh. Bot. Vereins Prov. Brandenburg 65: 1 14. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, zwischen Trinidad und Rosario, 13 Aug 1896, E. Seler & C. Seler 3049 (Syntype B, destroyed (photos F, GH, MO, NY, US), fragment F, GH, n.v.); Yalambahoch, E. Seler & C. Seler 2676 (Syntype B, destroyed).— Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Palicourea skotakii C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 76, fig. 41. 1989. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, along a road to the S from the Panamerican Highway at km 67, about 1 km along the road, 2700-2800 m, 5 Mar 1985, C. M. Taylor & C. Skotak 4756 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MO (photo PTBG)). Palicourea spathacea C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. 9: 226. 1984. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, along the trail about 6 km beyond the gate to the meteorology station in Alto Patillos, Tapanti Hydroelectric Project, 7 Apr 1976, J. Utley & K. Utley 4538 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotypes CAS, n.v., CR, n.v., F (photo PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Palicourea standleyana C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 81, fig. 45 d-f. 1989. Norn, nov. for Psychotria brenesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1347. 1938. Not Palicourea brenesii Standi., 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Los Angeles de San Ramon (Cerros de La Balsa), Mar 1928, Brenes 6050 (Holotype F 854521 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Palicourea stevensonii Standi., Trop. Woods. 16: 42. 1928. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Middlesex, Jul 1927, N. S. Stevenson C(Yale 10683) (Holotype F 572673; Isotype NY, n.v.).— Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. Palicourea subrubra Pol., Linnaea 41: 571. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Cerro de La Carpintera, 24 Jun 1875, Polakowsky 200A (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo F)).— Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Palicourea talamancana Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 250. 1951. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Cordillera de Talamanca, near Vuelta Alta, Cerro de las Vueltas, 3200 m, 10 Apr 1949, L. O. Williams 16264 (Holotype EAP, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., US (photo PTBG)).— Palicourea brenesii Standi. Palicourea tilaranensis C. M. Taylor, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: $4, fig. 3 a, b. 1989. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas- Alajuela border region, in and around Monteverde Nature Reserve, mostly on Pacific watershed, 10°18'N, 84°47'N, 1450-1650 m, 29 Jun 1977, R. O. Lawton 1189 (Holotype F 1885069 (photo PTBG)). Palicourea triphylla DC, Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Guiana Gallica, without precise locality, Patris s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)). Psychotria. Palicourea tubiflora Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 316. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, along trail on ridge running NE from summit, ca. 1 000 m, 1 1 May 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 6082 (Holotype MO 2271726 (photo PTBG)). Palicourea tumidonodosa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 317. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Mali, base camp near Colombian border, lower montane wet forest, 1500 m, 22 Jan 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 13787 (Holotype MO 2259310 (photo PTBG)). Palicourea veraguensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 318. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Cerro Colorado, 50 km N of San Felix on the continental divide, 1200-1500 m, 17 Aug 1975, 5. Mori & R. Dressier 7796 (Holotype MO 2777356 (photo PTBG)). —Palicourea lasiorrhachis Oerst. Palicourea vestita Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci 18: 277. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, near Quebradillas, about 7 km north of Santa Maria de Dota, 1800 m, 24 Dec 1925, P. C. Standley 42909 (Holotype US 1253015 (photos F, PTBG)). Pavetta L., Sp. PL 1: 110. 1753. Type: Pavetta Pavetta odoratissima Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 20. 1893; La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 2: app 20 1893. Type: MEXICO ?: Habitat in Praedio Sacarino de la Langosta, Equitis Gonzalo de Herrera, floret Agusto, Sesse & Mociiio s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Pavetta racemosa Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 20. 1893; La Naturaleza, ser. 2, 2: app. 2, 18 1893. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Sesse & Mocino 543 (presumably ; probable Isotype F).— Rondeletia Pentagonia Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur /. 39. 1804; 105. 1845 (nom. cons.). Type: Pentagonia macrophylla Benth. Pentagonia alba Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 321. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Pirre, Bristan 1224 (Holotype MO, not located 6/1996; Isotype NY, n.v.). Pentagonia alfaroana (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 171. 1927. Watsonamra alfaroana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 287. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, vicinity of Capulin, on the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, 80 m, 2 Apr 1924, P. C. Standley 40194 (Holotype US 1 152712 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F).— Pentagonia tinajita Seem. Pentagonia brachyotis (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 171. 1927. Watsonamra brachyotis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 443. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Marraganti, 3 Apr 1908, R. S. Williams 999 (Holotype US 678351 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Pentagonia costaricensis (Standi.) W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 213. 1993. Nothophlebia costaricensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 438. 1914. Type: COSTA RICA: Collines de Moin, littoral atlantique, Nov 1899, H. Pittier 16024 (Holotype US 578472 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Pentagonia donnell-smithii (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 170. 1927. Watsonamra donnell-smithii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 442. 1914. Type: COSTA RICA: La Emilia, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 250 m, Apr 1896, J. D. Smith 6590 (Holotype US 355176 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Pentagonia gymnopoda (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 171. 1927. Watsonamra gymnopoda Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 444. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Loma de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), 10-104 m, 8 Jul 191 1, H. Pittier 3858 (Holotype US 678935 (photos MEXU, k NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE PTBG); Isotype US 678934 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Pentagonia hirsuta Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 165. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Talamanca, forets au-dessus de Tsaki, 500 m, Mar 1895, A. Tonduz 9415 (Holotype US 938648 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Pentagonia lobata C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 202, fig. ID. 1995. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas. Canton de Golfito, Reserva Natural de Vida Silvestre Golfito, final del camino hacia las torres, 8°39'52"N, 83°10'00"W, 7 Dec 1992, B. Hammel 18619 (Holotype MO 4355639; Isotypes CR, n.v., F, n.v., MO 4355638). Pentagonia macrophylla Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 105, tab. 39. 1845. Type: PANAMA: Panama, forests between Panama and Cruces, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Watsonamra, Pentagonia nuciformis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 326. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, 5 miles W of Santa Fe on the road past Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra on Pacific side of divide, 800-1200 m, 18 Mar 1973, T. B. Croat 23093 (Holotype MO 2161493 (photo PTBG)). Pentagonia pinnatifida Seem., J. Bot. Hooker 7: 566. 1848. Type: PANAMA: Darien, banks of the river Cupica, Seemann 1019 (Holotype BM, n.v. (photo MO)). Pentagonia pittieri (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 170. 1927. Watsonamra pittieri Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 443. 1914. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, forests around Puerto Obaldia, San Bias coast, 0-50 m, Aug 1911,//. Pittier 4298 (Holotype US 679414 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 679415 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Pentagonia pinnatifida Seem. Pentagonia pubescens (Standi.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 171. 1927. Watsonamra pubescens Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 441. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, around Tabernilla, along the railroad, 20-25 m, 6 Jul 191 1, H. Pittier 3822 (Holotype US 678894 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). —Pentagonia macrophylla Benth. Pentagonia tinajita Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 134, t. 28. 1854. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, western parts, Seemann 1595 (Holotype BM, n.v. (photo MO)). Pentagonia veraguensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 328. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Valley of Rio Dos Bocas, 1 1 km from Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra (above Santa Fe) on road to Calovebora, 450 m, 30 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27504 (Holotype MO 2201425 (photo PTBG)). Pentagonia wendlandii Hook, f, Bot. Mag. pi. 5230. 1861. Type: CENTRAL AMERICA [probably Costa Rica or Panama]: Described from cultivated material, type uncertain. Pentas, Benth. in Hook., Bot. Mag. 4086. 1844. Type: Pentas carnea Benth. Pentas lanceolata (Forssk.) Deflers, Voy. Yemen 142. 1889. Ophiorhiza lanceolata Forssk., F. Aegypt.-Arab. 42. 1775. Type: AFRICA: Yemen, Hadie Mts., Forsskal s.n. (Holotype C, n.v.; Isotype BM, n.v.). Widely cultivated in Mexico a Pentodon Hochst., Flora 27: 552. 1844. Type: Pentodon decumbens Hochst. Pentodon pentandrus (Schumach. & Thonn.) Vatke, Osterr. Bot. Zeitschr. 25: 231. 1875. Hedyotis pentandra Schumach. & Thonn., Kongel. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Naturvidensk., Math. Afh. 3: 71. 1827. Type: GUINEA: Aquapim, ' Costa Ric; Petesia P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jamaica 143, t. 2, 3. 1756. Type not designated. Petesia grandis Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 395. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 395.1)).— Sommera grandis (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Petesia minor Griseb., Bonplandia 6: 8. 1858. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, s.n. (Holotype presumably I Petesia repens Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 21. 1893. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Ahualuci pratis, florit Octobris, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Petesia stipularis Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 21. 1893, La Naturaleza 2, 2: App. 2, 16. 1893. Not Petesia stipularis L., 1759. Type (listed twice): MEXICO: Habitat in Montibus Mazatlanensibus, floret Maio, habitat in Acahuitzotlae montibus, floret Julio, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain, possibly Chomelia or Sommera. Protologue states leaves are prominently lineolate beneath and inflorescence is once dichotomous. Pinarophyllon Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 71. 1914. Type: Pinarophyllon flavum Brandegee Pinarophyllon bullatum Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 87. 1921. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, between Sepacuite and Secoyocte, 1 100 m, 24 May 1905, H. Pittier 348 (Holotype US 473013 (photos MEXU, PTBG, US)). Pinarophyllon flavum Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 71. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Finca Mexiquito, Jun 1913, C. A. Purpus 6700 (Holotype UC 172447, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Pittoniotis Griseb., Bonplandia 6: 8. 1858. Type: Pittoniotis tnchantha Griseb. Pittoniotis protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Griseb., Bonplandia 6: 8. 1858. Guettarda protracta Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 457. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Anisomeria.— Chomelia protracta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Pittoniotis trichantha Griseb., Bonplandia 6 8 1858. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Duchassaing s.n. (possibly P, n.v.). Antirhea. Placocarpa Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f., Gen. PI. 2: 107. 1873. Type: Placocarpa mexicana Hook. f. Placocarpa mexicana Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. PI. 2: 108. 1873. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Apr 1855, Botteri 913 (Lectotype P, (photo PTBG), here designated; Isolectotypes F (fragment), K (photo PTBG). Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Botteri 316 (F, K (photo PTBG)); Bourgeau 3022 (K (photo PTBG)). The sheet of Botteri 913 at P, with duplicates in two other herbaria and copious flowers and fruits, represents the most appropriate choice for lectotype. Plocaniophyllon Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914. Type: Plocaniophyllon flavum Brandegee Plocaniophyllon flavum Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Finca Mexiquito, Jun 1913, C. A. Purpus 7019 (Holotype UC 173077, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Pogonopus Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Acad. Wiss. Berlin 1853: 500. 1853. Type: Pogonopus ottonis Klotzsch Pogonopus exsertus (Oerst.) Oerst, Amer. Centr. 17. t. 13. 1863. Macrocnemum exsertum Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren Kjobenhavn 1852: 45. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Jaris, Oersted (Holotype C, n.v.). Note: Pogonopus speciosus (Jacq.) K. Schum., a species from northern South America, was erroneously recorded from Central America by Standley & Williams (1975) and Dwyer (1980). Portlandia P. Browne, Hist. Jamaica 164, t. 11. 1756. Type: Portlandia grandiflora L. Portlandia ghiesbreghtiana Baill., Adansonia 12: 300. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, pres de Hacienda de Huijastla au bord des ravine, 1842-3, Ghiesbreght 27 (Holotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, P (3 sheets; V NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE photos MEXU), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Coutaportla ghiesbreghtiana (Baill.) Urb. Portlandia guatemalensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 162. 1928. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Quebradas Secas, 2500 ft., 1 Jun 1920, H. Johnson 282 (Holotype US 1081354 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Coutaportla guatemalensis (Standi.) Lorence Portlandia hexandra Jacq., Enum. PL Carib. 16. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Bolivar, vicinity of Cartagena, Jacquin (location unknown). — Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum. Portlandia lumaeana (Baill.) Baill., Hist. PI. 7: 333. 1880. Coutarea lumaeana Baill., Adansonia 12: 301. 1879. Type: GUATEMALA: Cote occidental des Andes, 450-500 m, 1878, G. Luma s.n. (Holotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Hintonia lumaeana (Baill.) Bullock Portlandia mexicana (Zucc. & Mart.) Hemsl., Diagn. PI. Nov. 31. 1879. Coutarea mexwcwa Zucc. & Mart, ex DC, Prodr. 4: 350. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, 1829, Martius s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC 800.680. II.7).— Nernstia a (DC.) Urb. a pterosperma S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 52. 1889. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, Guaymas, 1887, E. Palmer 298 (Holotype US 47978 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 47979 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Coutarea. — Hintonia latiflora (Sesse & Moc. ex DC.) Bullock Portlandia speciosa (Aubl.) Baill., Hist. PI. 7: 381. 1879. Coutarea speciosa Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane 1: 314, t. 122. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Aublets.n. (presumably P, n.v.). —Coutarea hexandra (Jacq.) K. Schum. Posoqueria Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane 1: 133. 1775. Type: Posoqueria longiflora Aubl. Posoqueria coriacea M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 240. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cordillere orientale, forets humides de la Chinantla, pres des bourgs indiens de Teotalcingo et Choapam, 2000-4000 ft., H. Galeotti 1580 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype P (photos F, MEXU, MO)). Posoqueria grandiflora Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 166. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, wet thicket at Finca Hamburg on the Rio Reventazon below El Cairo, 55 m, 19 Feb 1926, P. C Standley & J. Valeria 48706 (Holotype US 1305673 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 227. 1819. Solena latifolia Rudge, PL Guian. 1: 26. 1805; /. 40. 1806. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Martin s.n. (BM, n.v.). Posoqueria obliquinenna Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 167. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets et bords du Rio Naranjo, 200-250 m, Mar 1893, A. Tonduz 7528 [published erroneously as 9528} (Holotype US 764158 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Tocoyena pittieri (Standi.) Standi. Posoqueria panamensis (Walp. & Duchass.) Walp., Ann. Bot. Syst. 2: 797. 1852. Stannia panamensis Walp. & Duchass., Linnaea 23: 755. 1850. Type: PANAMA: Isthmo Panamensi, Duchassaing ? (location Posoqueria pittieri Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Arts Sci. 18: 167. 1928. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, near Hydrographic Station on Trinidad River, 17 May 1914, H. Pittier 6635 (Holotype US 716697 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype P, n.v. (fragment F)). —Tocoyena pittieri (Standi.) Standi. Psychotria acicularis C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 231. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Rincon de Osa, region to southwest of airstrip, 20-60 m, 20 Jul 1974, J. Utley & K. Utley 1036 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO). Psychotria acuminata Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 107. 1845. Type: COLOMBIA: Isle of Gorgona, and Colombian coast, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Psychotria acuminata Benth. subsp. boraginoides Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 344. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, El Llano Carti-Tupile road, 12 mi. above Panamerican Highway, 26-27 Mar 1973, R. L. Liesner 1187 (Holotype MO 2164366).— Psychotria acuminata Benth. Psychotria aggregata Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 128. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chinqui, between Alto de las Palmas and Cerro de la Horqueta, 2100-2268 m, 18 Psychotria aguilarii Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 23. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: Chimaltenango, on road between Chimaltenango and San Martin Jilotepeque, 1500-1700 m, 22 Dec 1940, P. C. Standlev 80900 (Holotype F 1092416 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria alba Ruiz & Pav. var. mexicana Oerst, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 12. 1853. Syntypes: MEXICO: South Mexico, Jecaltepec, F. Liebmann 1 7 (presumably C, n.v.); Cazadera, F. Liebmann 18 (presumably C, n.v.); Pital, F. Liebmann 23 (presumably C, n.v.). — Status Psychotria alhom rvia Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 131. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, Feb-Mar 1850, Fendler 62 (Holotype US 47282 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MO).— Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. Psychotria alboviridula K. Krause, Notizbl. Konigl. Bot. Gard. Berlin 6: 208. 1914. Type: BRAZIL: Im Gebiet des Alto Acre, Seringal, Sao Francisco, Sep 191 1, Vie 9846 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo F, fragment F); Isotype US).— Psychotria remota Benth. Psychotria alfaroana Standi, J. Wash Acad Sci. 18: 273. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, El Arenal, 485-600 m, 18-19 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 45179 (Holotype US 1253966 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria allenii Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 342. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Code, vicinity of El Valle, 600-1000 m, 8 Dec 1938, P. H. Allen 1796 (Holotype F 989006 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., NY, n. v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria altorum Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 86. 1944. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, Montana Chicharro, on lower southeast-facing slopes of Volcan Santa Maria, 2-4 miles south of Santa Maria de Jesus, 1400-1500 m, 17 Jan 1940, J. A. Steyermark 34302 (Holotype F 1056806 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. altorum (Standi. & Steyerm.) C. W. Ham. Psychotria americana Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 57. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in montibus calidarum regionum, ut Tenampulco prope Huastecam et Acauizotla versus Acapulcum, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v). — Status uncertain. Psychotria angustiflora K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 1 19: 43. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Sur les collines autour de Las Vueltas, Tucurrique, 600-700 m, Jan 1899, A. Tonduz 12996 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO); Isotypes P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria anomothyrsa K. Schum. & Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 35: 3. 1903. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubliquitz, 350 m, Dec 1900, H. von Tuerckheim 7909 (Holotype US 943471 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav. Psychotria arbor ea Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 57. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Ahualuci atque calidis Guatemalae montibus. Floret Maio, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA. Psychotria aubletiana Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 694. 1972. Cephaelis axillaris Sw., Prodr. 45. 1788. Not Psychotria axillaris Willd., 1798, nor Veil., 1827. Type: WEST INDIES: St. Christopher, Swartz s.n. (Holotype p of Mexican and Central American Rubiaceae Psychotria aubletiana Steyerm. var. centro- americana Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 694. 1972. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, La Tigra, entre El Piliguin y Prado de Fatima, 1800 m, 30 Die 1962, A. Molina R. 11237 (Holotype NY, n.v.; Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria aubletiana Steyerm. Psychotria aurantibractea C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n. s. 33: 235. 1993. Cephaelis pittieri K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 1 19: 45. 1916. Not Psychotria pittieri Standi., 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Cafias Gordas, 1100 m, Feb 1897, H. Pittier 11162 (Holotype B, destroyed (photos F, MO, fragment F); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria aureola Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenkes.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). — Status uncertain, probably Psychotria hebeclada DC. Psychotria bakeri Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 347. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Los Santos, Loma Prieta, Cerro Grande, 2400-2800 ft, 8 Jun 1967, W. H. Lewis, R. K. Baker, B. MacBryde &R.L. Oliver 2249 (Holotype MO 2219527 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.). Psychotria balancanensis C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 219. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Tabasco, Balancan, La Palma, 1-6 Jul 1939, E. Matuda 3286 (Holotype F 1026360 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., MEXU, NY, n.v.). Psychotria barbiflora DC, Prodr. 4: 509. 1830. Type: BRAZIL: Bahia, Salzmann 1 (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)). According to Steyermark (1972) this species occurs in Central America, where it has been called Psychotria involucrata of authors, not Sw. Psychotria bella Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 185. 1928. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, between Alto de las Palmas and Cerro Horqueta, 2100-2268 m, 18 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3250 (Holotype US 677646 (photo PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Palicourea bella (Standi.) Dwyer Psychotria berteriana DC, Prodr. 4: 515. 1830. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: Dominique, without precise locality, Bertero s.n. (a specimen at G-DC, n.v. (photo MO) likely represents authentic material). Psychotria berteriana DC. subsp. luxurious (Rusby) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 534. 1972. Type: BOLIVIA: Between Tipuani and Guanai, Dec 1892, Bang 1 741 (Holotype US, n.v.).— Psychotria luxurians Rusby Psw hotria bianstata Bartl. ex DC. Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, fiaenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.).— Psychotria graciliflora Benth. ex Oerst. Psychotria bimca L. Riley, Kew Bull. 1927: 124. 1927. Type: PANAMA: Between Panama & Sabanas, 14 Jun 1924, L. A.M. Riley 112 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes MO (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria horizontalis Sw. Psychotria boquetensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 349. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Boquete, 3800 ft., 25 May 1938, M. E. Davidson 709 (Holotype MO 1 172505 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, US). Psychotria borucana (A. R. Molina) C M. Taylor & W. C Burger, Fieldiana: Bot., n.s. 33: 236. 1993. Cephaelis borucana A. R. Molina, Ceiba 4: 3 1 . 1 95 1 . Based on Cephaelis affinis Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 184. 1930, not P. affinis Baker, 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, forest near Esquinas Experimental Station, area between Rio Esquinas and Rio Palmar Sur de Osa, 200 ft., 22 May 1950, P. H. Allen 5540 (Holotype US 2215926 ex EAP (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 2828131 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Note: A. R. Molina annotated as "typo" the sheet US 2215926 and as "isotype" US 2828131. Psychotria brachiata Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 45. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartzs.n. (presumably S, n.v.). Psychotria brachybotrya Mull. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Brasil. 6(5): 327. 1881. Syntypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas, habitat in regione Rio Negro prope S. Gabriel, Spruce 2190 (B, presumably destroyed), Martius s.n. (B, presumably destroyed). Psychotria bracteolata M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 228. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra de Calpulalpan, 5000-7000 ft., H. Galeotti 7226 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotypes K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG)). —Psychotria hebeclada DC. Psychotria breedlovei Lorence, Novon 4: 125, fig. 4. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mun.' La Trinitaria, a 1 km al E de Tziscao 6 a 1 1 km al E de la entrada al Parque Nacional Lagos de Montebello, 16°05'N, 91°39'0, 1330 m, 9 Ago 1985, T. Chehaibar 170 ' (Holotype PTBG 9595; Isotypes MEXU, UAMIZ). Psychotria brenesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1347. 1938. Type- COSTA RICA: Los Angeles de San Ramon, Cerros de La Balsa, 16 Mar 1928, A. M. Brenes 6050 (Holotype F 854521 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Palicourea standleyana C. M. Taylor Psychotria burgeri C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 204, fig. IB. 1995. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Canton de Puntarenas, Monteverde, along Quebrada Maquma, 10°18'N, 84°48'W, 12 Mar 1990, W. Haber 9778 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO 4619858, US, n.v.). Psychotria caerulea Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv 2- 62. pi. 21 3, fig. b. 1799. Type: PERU: Andes of Peru, Huanuco, ad Vitoc, Ruiz Lopez & Pavdn s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.). Note: this species occurs in Panama according toSteyermark(1972). Psychotria calimensis Standi, ex Steyerm., Acta Biol. Venez. 4: 96. 1964. Type: COLOMBIA: El Valle, Cuatrecasas 16298 (Holotype F, n.v.; Isotypes US, n.v., VEN, Psychotria calochlamys Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 199. 1930. Type: PERU: Loreto, Williams 1226 (Holotype F, n.v.). Psychotria calophylla Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 129. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, 15 Mar 1830, A. Fendler 60 (Holotype US 48568 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH (photo PTBG), MO (photo PTBG)). Psychotria calopogon L. O. Williams, Phytologia 28: 227. 1974. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, between Ixcan and Rio Ixcan, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 150-200 m, 23 Jul 1942, J. A. Steyermark 49308 (Holotype F 1 133859 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria camponutans (Dwyer & Hayden) Hammel, Selbyana 12: 139. 1991. Cephaelis camponutans Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 35. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, Dwyer & Ganger 7346 (Holotype MO (not located 6/1996)). Psychotria capacifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 353. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, above Quebrada Huron on Cerro Bonyik, 500-1200 ft, 13 Apr 1968,7. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. Duke 601 (Holotype MO 2623364 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 59,/?/. 206, fig. a. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Chinchao, Ruiz Lopez & Pavdn s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.; for typification see Steyermark, 1972: 618). Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. subsp. fissistipulans Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 355. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Miguel de la Borda, edge of forest near beach, T. B. Croat 10037 (Holotype MO 2050309). — Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. subsp. rubra Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 356. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, El Llano to Carti road, 8 km N of Panamerican Highway, 6 Apr 1977, J. P. Folsom & L. Skog 2454 (Holotype MO 2606808 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria capitata Ruiz & Pav. Psychotria carnosocarpa Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 41. 1968. Type: A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEA PANAMA: Chiriqui, Frances Arriba School, ca. 14 miles N of David, 1200 ft., 14 Dec 1966, W. H. Lewis, D. Burch, J. D. Dwyer, T. S. Elias, N. Escobar, R. L. Oliver & K. R. Robertson 964 (Holotype MO 1966154 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria cartagoensis Nepokroeff in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 239. 1993. Nom. nov. for Cephaelis latistipula Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 281. 1928, not Psychotria latistipula Benth. in Hook., 1849. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, vicinity of Orosi, 30 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 39695 (Holotype US 1 153168 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria carthaginensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Bolivar, vicinity of Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). Uragoga. Psychotria cascajalensis C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 220. 1988. Type: PANAMA: Code, N of Penonome, between Llano Grande and Cascajal, rd. to Coclesito, 480 m, 2 May 1979, B. Hammel 7227 (Holotype MO 2901097; Isotypes ENCB, n.v., MO). Psychotria catillicalyx Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 358. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Valley of Rio Dos Bocas, 1 1 km from Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra on road to Calovebora, 450 m, 30 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27548 (Holotype MO 2272494).— Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. panamensis Psychotria cerroazulensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 107. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Azul, Goofy Lake area, 600 m, 1 Sep 1963, J. D. Dwyer 2875 (Holotype MO 180001 1 (photo PTBG)). —Psychotria calophylla Standi. Psychotria chagrensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 105. 1925. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, Barro Colorado Island, Gatun Lake, 17 Jan 1924, P. C Standley 31373 (Holotype US 1215962 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria chamissoana (Loes.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 341. 1927. Mapouria chamissoana Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 65: 112. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Tecolute [Tecolutla], Jan, Schiede 1266 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F. MO)).— Psychotria erythrocarpa Schltdl. Psychotria chiapensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1390. 1926. Based on Cephaelis tetragona Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 61: 376. 1916, not Psychotria tetragona Seem., 1867. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Finca Mexiquito, Jul 1913, C. A. Purpus 6963 (Holotype US 567237 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Cephaelis, Evea. Psychotria chiriquiensis (Standi.) C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 241. 1993. Cephaelis chiriquiensis Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 28: 469. 1941. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Bajo Chorro, 1900 m, 20-22 Jul 1940, R. E. Woodson, Jr. & R. W. Schery 610 (Holotype MO 1209028 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, GH, n.v.). Psychotria chiriquina Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 129. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Alto de la Cuesta, around Camp Aguacatal, eastern slope of Chiriqui Volcano, 2100-2200 m, 10-13 Mar 1911, H. Pittier 3118 (Holotype US 677509 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Psychotria chitariana Dwyer & C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 221. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, 13 km E of Turrialba on the highway to Limon; canyon of Rio Chitaria, 750-800 m, 10 May 1983, R. Liesner, E. Judciewicz & B. Perez G. 15400 (Holotype MO 3235522 (photo PTBG); Isotype CR, Psvchotria chlorobotna Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Arts 16: 17. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, damp forest, mountains near Fenix, May 1925, C. A. Purpus 104 (Holotype US 1208242 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psvchotria chlorotica Mull. Arg., Flora 59: 545. 1876. Type: BRAZIL: Bahia, Blanchet 908 (Lectotype presumably G, n.v.; designated by Dwyer, 1980: 362). . chrysocalymma L.O.mmams, Phytologia 28: 228. 1974. Type: GUATEMALA: El Progreso, hills north of Finca Piamonte, between Finca Piamonte and summit of Volcan Santa Luisa, 2400-3333 m, 5 Feb 1942, J. A. Steyermark 43518 (Holotype F 1 133849 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Psychotria purpusii Standi. Psychotria cincta Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 7: 90. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: El Valle, Cordoba, Dagua Valley, 6-8 May 1922, E. P. Killip 5140 (Holotype US 1 141369 (photo PTBG) Isotype G, n.v.). Psychotria clivorum Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 87. 1944. Based on Psychotria limonensis var. angustifolia Standi., not Psychotria angustifolia Poir. in Lam., 1804. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, Finca Moca, 3400 ft., 7 Jan 1935, A. F. Skutch 2073 (Holotype F 934091 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Psychotria cocosensis C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 222. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, 18 Jun 1898, H. Pittier 12375 (Holotype US, n.v.). Psychotria compressicaulis K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 1 19: 44. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Fords de Tuis, 600 m, Jul 1898, H. Pittier 12412 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. compressicaulis (K. Schum.) C. W. Ham. Psychotria concolor Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 31. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Volcan de Mombacho, Oersted s.n. (Holotype presumably K, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Psychotria cooperi Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 4: 296. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista Camp on Chiriqui trail, 1250 ft., Jan-Mar 1928, P. Cooper 577 (Holotype F 579633 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). Psychotria copensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 365. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Cope, El Potroso, Atlantic slope of Alto Calvario, 26 Feb 1977, J. P. Folsom & R. Lantz 1880 (Holotype MO 2605731 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Palicourea copensis (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor Psychotria copeyana Standi. & L. O. Williams, Ceiba 1: 251. 1951. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, near El Copey, Cordillera de Talamanca, 1800 m, 23 Apr 1949, L. O. Williams & P. H. Allen 16482 (Holotype F 1388092 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Palicourea garciae Standi. Psychotria cornifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 191. 1819. Type: VENEZUELA: Near Maypures, on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland 893 (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)). — Rudgea cornifolia (Humb. & Bonpl.) Standi. Psychotria correae (Dwyer & Hayden) C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 244. 1993. Cephaelis correae Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 36. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Code, mountains N of El Valle de Anton, 2500-3000 ft., 28 May 1967, W. H. Lewis, B. McBryde, R. L. Oliver & J. E. Ridgway 1759 (Holotype MO 1887361 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., UC, n.v., US, n.v.). Psychotria costaricensis Pol., Linnaea 41: 571. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: Angostura, Nov 1875, H. Polakowsky 384 A (Holotype B, presumably destroyed)).— Psychotria pilosa Ruiz & Pav. Psychotria costivenia Griseb., Plantae Wrightianae e Cuba Onentale, pars II: 508. 1862; Mem. Am. Acad. Arts, n.s. 8: 508. 1863. var. costivenia. Type: CUBA: Cuba Orientali, prope Monte Verde, Jan-Jul 1859, Wright 242 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotype BR, n.v.; designated by Hamilton, 1989). Uragoga. Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. altorum (Standi. & Steyerm.) C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 223. 1988. Psychotria altorum Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 86. 1944. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, Montana Chicharro, on lower southeast-facing slopes of Volcan Santa A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Maria, 2-4 miles south of Santa Maria de Jesus, 1400-1500 m, 17 Jan 1940, J. A. Steyermark 34302 (Holotype F 1056806 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria crebrinervia Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 4: 343. 1929. Type: HONDURAS: Atlantida, Lancetilla valley, near Tela, 20-600 m, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, P. C. Standley 55286 (Holotype F 584201 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria berteriana DC. Psychotria crocea Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality, Swartz s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). Uragoga.— Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 367. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, N of San Felix at Chiriqui-Bocas del Toro border on Cerro Colorado copper mine road along continental divide, 5000-5500 ft., 4 May 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5880 (Holotype MO 2579259 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Based on the same type as Palicourea montensis Dwyer, 1980, which Psychotria cuneifolia Sesse & Mo?., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 58. 1894. Not P. cuneifolia DC, 1830. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Cordovae vicinis montibus, floret Augusto, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Psychotria cuspidata Bredem. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 192. 1819. Type: VENEZUELA: Ad Caracas, Bredemeyer s.n. (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). — Psychotria acuminata Benth. Psychotria cyanococca Seem., Fl. Mag. tab. 479. 1870. Type: NICARAGUA: Chontales, Seemann s.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.). — Status uncertain. Psychotria davidsei Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 368. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacarcuna, summit camp along stream N of camp, 1550-1650 m,A. Gentry & S. Mori 14071 (Holotype MO (not located 6/1996)). Psychotria deflexa DC, Prodr. 4: 510. 1830. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Without precise locality or collector (Holotype presumably G- DC (n.v.); Isotype G-DEL, n.v. (photo MO)). Psychotria deneversii C M. Taylor, Novon 6: 300, fig. 2C, D. 1996. Type: PANAMA: Comarca de San Bias, El Llano-Carti road, 18 km from Interamerican Highway, headwaters of Atlantic-draining creeks, 9°19'N, 78°55'W, 300 m, 7 Sep 1984, G. de Nevers 3861 (Holotype PMA 38224, n.v.; Isotype MO 4658111). Psychotria dichroa (Standi.) C M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 245. 1993. Evea dichroa Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 124. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, humid forest of Cuesta de Las Palmas, southern slopes of Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700-2100 m, 17-19 Nov 191 1, H. Pittier 3218 (Holotype US 677615 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Cephaelis. Psychotria dispersa Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 184. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Los Ayotes, near Tilaran, 600-700 m, 21 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 45548 (Holotype US 1254170 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria pittieri Standi. Psvchotria domingensis Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: SANTO DOMINGO (Hispaniola): Jacquin (no Jacquin material was located, according to Howard, 1989). Palicourea. Psvchotria dosbocensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 370. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, valley of Rio Dos Bocas on road between Alto Piedra (above Santa Fe) and Calovebora, 350-400 m, 29 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27427 (Holotype MO 2216296 (photo PTBG)). Psychotria dressleri (Dwyer) C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 223. 1988. Cephaelis dressleri Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 68. 1980. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, forest southeast of Puerto Obaldia, 18 Aug 1971, T. B. Croat 16801 (Holotype MO 2138462 (photo PTBG)). Psvchotria dukei Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 371. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Casi-Cana Trail on Campamiento, E of Tres Bocas, h Rio Coas, 29 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 1245 (Holotype MO 2162265 (photo PTBG)). Psychotria durilancifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 372. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, El Llano-Carti Road, Gorgas Lab, Mosquito Project study area, 250 m, 1 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 26028 (Holotype MO 2240525 (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. panamensis Psychotria dwyeri C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 223. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Choapam [Santiago Choapan], Santa Maria, Montana Santa Maria, 1500 m, 7 Apr 1938, Y. Mexia 9265 (Holotype NY, n.v.; Isotypes B, n.v., F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., K, n.v., MO (photo PTBG), US). Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel, Selbyana 12: 139. 1991. Cephaelis elata Sw., Prodr. 45. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartz s.n. (presumably S, n.v.). Psychotria elongata Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 32. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Volcan de Mombacho, Oersted 11594 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG), fragment US (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype K, n.v.). Darien, top of W peak of Cerro Tacarcuna massif, 1800-1850 m, 28 Jan 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 13984 (Holotype MO 2280217 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria Psychotria emetica L. f, Suppl. PI. 144. 1781. Type: COLOMBIA: America septentrionalis provinciae Gironensis, Mutts 1602 (Holotype LINN, n.v.; probable Isotype US (photo PTBG)). Uragoga. Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 24. 1943. Ronabea erecta Aubl., Hist. PI. Guian. 1: 156. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In sylvis Oyao, Orapu, Sinemari, Aublets.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.). Psychotria erythrocarpa Schltdl., Linnaea 9 595. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Hacienda de la Laguna, Schiede & Deppe 385 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo & fragment F); Isotype K, n.v.). Uragoga. Psychotria eugenifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 375. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Psychotria eurycarpa Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 275. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Quebrada Serena, southeast of Tilaran, 700 m, 27 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 46237 (Holotype US 1254544 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria (?) excelsa Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 355, tab. 282. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Xalapa, A. Bonpland 1445 (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotypes B, n.v. (photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Deppea.— Hoffmannia excelsa (Kunth) K. Schum. Psychotria faxlucens Lorence & Dwyer, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 50. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de Catemaco, Ejido de Coscoapan, 8 km SE de Coyame, 16 Abr 1974, F. Ponce & R. Cedillo T. 2 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MO). Psychotria fendleri Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 129. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, 25 Feb 1850, Fendler 59 (Holotype US 48567 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria fimbriata Benth., J. Bot. Hook. 3: 226. 1841. Type: GUYANA: Essequibo River, Schomburgk 51 (Holotype presumably K, n.v.). Rudgea. — Rudgea cornifolia (Kunth) Standi. Psychotria flava Oerst. ex Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 341. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Misantla, F. Liebmann 11605 (Holotype C (photos F, MEXU, MO, PTBG)). Psychotria fosteri C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 224. 1988. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Playa Rosario, northern tip of Coiba Island, 26 Aug 1970, R. Foster 1605 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotypes F, GH, MO (photo PTBG)). Psychotria fruticetorum Standi., J. Arnold Arbor. 11: 42. 1930. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, vicinity of Siguatepeque, ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 1080-1400 m, 14-27 Feb 1928, P. C. Standley 56197 (Holotype F 581450 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.). Psychotria furcata DC, Prodr. 4: 512. 1830. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence, Taxon 34: 669. 1985. Palicourea galeottiana M. Martens, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 14: 136. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cordillera, 6500 ft., 1840, H. Galeotti 2602 (Lectotype BR (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Taylor & Lorence, 1985). Uragoga. Psychotria gardenioides (Scheidw.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 342. 1927. Rhodostoma gardenioides Scheidw., Allg. Gartenzeitung 10: 286. 1842. Type: Based on cultivated material of uncertain origin, presumably from Veracruz, Mexico. Type not designated. Palicourea. Psychotria gatunensis Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 142. 1976. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, W of Limon Bay, Gatun Locks and Gatun Lake, 5 Aug 1955, Johnston 1554 (Holotype MO 1709657; Isotypes A (2 sheets)).— Psychotria calophylla Standi. Psychotria gentryi (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Novon4: 305. 1994. Cephaelis gentryi Dwyer, Selbyana 2: 57. 1977. Type: ECUADOR: Los Rios, Rio Palenque Science Center, km 56 of Quevedo-Santo Domingo road, 150-220 m, 19 Sep 1972, C. Dodson 5169 (Holotype MO 2281982; Isotypes RPSC, n.v., SEL, n.v.). Psychotria glauca Pol., Linnaea 41: 569. 1877. Syntypes: COSTA RICA: San Jose, H. Polakowski 377 (B, presumably destroyed); H. Polakowski 378 (B, presumably destroyed) —Psychotria pubescens Sw. Psychotria glomerulata (Donn. Sm.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 670. 1972. Cephaelis glomerulata Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 16: 12, pi. I. 1891. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Livingston, Rio Dulce, Mar 1880, J. D. Smith 1637 (Holotype US 943529 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria goldmanii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 130. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Mont Pirre, head of Rio Limon, 1500 m, 1 Mar 1911, E. A. Goldman 1883 (Holotype US 716141 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria graciliflora Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 35. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, ad Naranjo, Apr 1847, Oersted 11611 (Holotype C (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Mapouria, Uragoga. Psychotria gracilis Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 63, t. 211, fig. C. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Pillao et Pueblo Nuevo, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Geophila gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Psychotria granadensis Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 34. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Granada, Oersted 11612 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Uragoga. — Psychotria nervosa Sw. Psychotria grandicarpa Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 42. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe, 12 Mar 1967, J. D. Dwyer, Baker & Gauger 7244 (Lectotype MO 2002447; Isolectotypes MO 2002694, MO 2002695; designated by Hamilton, 1989).— Psychotria calophylla Standi. Psychotria grandis Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Interioris occidentalis, Swartz s.n. (Holotype S, n.v. (photo A)). Uragoga. Psychotria grandistipula Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 276. 1928. Not Psychotria grandistipula Merrill, 1923. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, vicinity of Santa Maria de Dota, 1500-1800 m, 26 Dec 1925-3 Jan 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valeria 43268 (Holotype US 1253164 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. panamensis Psychotria guadalupensis (DC.) Howard, J. Arnold Arbor. 47: 139. 1966. Loranthus guadalupensis DC, Prodr. 4: 294. 1830. Type: GUADALOUPE: Bertero s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC 800.666: II.2)). Psychotria guapilensis (Standi.) Hammel, Selbyana 12: 139. 1991. Evea guapilensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 104. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, vicinity of Guapiles, 30O-500 m, P. C. Standley 37025 (Holotype US 1 153029 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Cephaelis. Psychotria haematocarpa Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 274. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste, Naranjos Agrios, near Tilaran, 600-700 m, 29 Jan 1926, P. C Standley & J. Valerio 46407 (Holotype US 1254627 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria hammelii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 383. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, forested mountains W of Alto de Piedras, W of Santa Fe, 3200-5600 ft., 8 Sep 1978, B. Hammel 4634 (Holotype MO 2680614 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MO). Psychotria hazenii Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 96. 1930. Type- COLOMBIA: El Valle, Killip 5573 (Holotype US, n.v.; Isotypes GH, n.v., NY, n.v.). Psychotria hebeclada DC, Prodr. 4: 513. 1830 Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Psychotria herbacea Jacq., Enum. PI. Canb. 16. 1760. Type: MARTINIQUE: Jacquin (location unknown). Geophila.— Geophila gracilis (Ruiz & Pav.) DC Psychotria herbacea Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 58. 1 894, not Psychotria herbacea Jacq., 1760. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in umbrosis montibus prope Oppidium de la Aguadilla, floret Maio, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Psychotria heydei Standi., J. Wash. Acad Sci 18: 184. 1928. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, Chiul, 2600 m, Apr 1892, Heyde & Lux 3173 ' (Holotype US 939642 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria hirsuta (M. Martens & Galeotti) Mull. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 370. 1881. Cephaelis hirsuta M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 35. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, La Chinantla, 4000 pieds, H. Galeotti 7185 (Holotype BR, n.v.). — Psychotria poeppigiana Mull. Arg. Psychotria hoffmannseggiana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Mull. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 336. 1881. Cephaelis hoffmannseggiana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 214. 1819. Type: BRAZIL: Para, Sieberin Hoffmannsegg s.n. (location unknown). Psychotria hondensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 183. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Bois de Rio Hondo, versant atlantique, 100 m, Aug 1901, H. Pittier 16161 (Holotype US 764151 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Coussarea hondensis (Standi.) C M. Taylor & W. C Burger Psychotria horizontalis Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: Swartz s.n. (presumably S, n.v. (photo A)). Uragoga. Psychotria horizontalis Sw. subsp. basicorda Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 42. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Isla de Coiba (Penal Colony), Camp Aguja, 8 Jul 1962, J. D. Dwyer 2384 A (Holotype MO 2165270 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MO).— Psychotria horizontalis Sw. Psychotria hornitensis Dwyer & C W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 225. 1988. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, ridge and summit of Cerro Hornito, above Los Planes de Hornito, 2100 m, 14 Mar 1982, S. Knapp et al. 4198 (Holotype MO (not located 6/1996)). Psychotris impatiens Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 385. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, north slopes of Cerro Pirre, 700-950 m, 6 Apr 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5446 (Holotype MO 2272508 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria incurvata Sesse & Mo?., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 58. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Tuxtlae sylvis. Floret Julio, Sesse & Mocino ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE !. (presumably MA, -Status indigotica Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 386. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, forest of Gatun, 15 Sep 1967, A. Hladik511 (Holotype MO 2165124). — Rudgea isthmensis Standi. Psychotria insignis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 130. 1916. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, hills of Sperdi, near Puerto Obaldia, San Bias coast, 20-200 m, Sep 191 1, H. Pittier 4410 (Holotype US 679567 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria insueta (Dwyer) C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 226. 1988. Cephaelis insueta Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 73. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, 1 1 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, in forest along Rio Dos Bocas, tropical wet forest, Atlantic slope, 15 Nov 1974, S. Mori & J. Kalhmki 3108 (Holotype MO 2220981 (photo PTBG)). Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 1: 365. 1812. Callicocca ipecacuanha Brot., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 6: 137. 1802. Type: BRAZIL: Gomez s.n. (presumably LISU, n.v.). Cephaelis. Evea, Uragoga. Psychotria izabalensis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 28: 229. 1974. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, vicinity Lago Izabal, 600 m, 22 Apr 1966, G. C. Jones, G. R. Proctor & L. Facey 3024 (Holotype F 1665554 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Hs H - i 1 O. oaxacana Lorence, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 53. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Ixtlan, Sierra de Juarez, Ruta 175 Tuxtepec a Oaxaca, 2.5 km NE de Puerto Eligio, 800 m, 1 Jun 1983, D. Lorence & R. Cedillo T. 4250 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes BM, BR, CAS, ENCB, F, MO, NY, UC, US, XAL). 'sychotria jimenezii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 288. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, La Hondura, 1300-1700 m, 16 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 37892 (Holotype US 1153107 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria jinotegensis C. Nelson, A. R. Molina & Standi., Phytologia 50: 1. 1981. var. jinotegensis. Type: NICARAGUA: Jinotega, region of La Montanita and Las Mesitas in sierra W of Jinotega, ca. 1 100-1400 m, 29 Jun 1947, P. C. Standley 10314 (Holotype EAP, n.v.; Isotype F). Psychotria jinotegensis C. Nelson, A. R. Molina & Standi, var. morazanensis C. W. Ham., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 408. 1989. Type: EL SALVADOR: Morazan, easternmost peak, Monte de Cascaquatique, near summit on N side, 1500 m, 25 Dec 1941, J. M. Tucker 610 (Holotype US, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), K, n.v., NY, n.v., P (photo PTBG)). Psychotria juarezana C. M. Taylor & Lorence, Novon 2: 264,/?g. 2. 1992. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca: Distr. de Ixtlan, Sierra de Juarez, ruta 175, Tuxtepec a Oaxaca ca. 4 km al SO de La Esperanza, 1,700 m, 4 Apr 1983, D. H. Lorence & R. Cedillo T. 4266 (Holotype MO 3750634; Isotype MEXU). Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 596. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Barranca de Tioselo, Schiede & Deppe 259 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Uragoga.— Psychotria hebeclada DC. Psychotria laevis DC. var. angustifolia Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 15. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Monte Pantasmo, Jan 1848, Oersted 11652 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG)).—] Psychotria C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 227. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, east of Rio Rafael and south of the hot springs west of La Marina, 500 m, 19 May 1968, W. C Burger & R. G. Stoltze 5062 (Holotype NY, n.v.; Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Psychotria laselvensis C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 228. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Finca La Selva, OTS field station, Rio Puerto Viejo just E of its junction with Rio Sarapiqui, 100 m, 19 May 1980, B. Hammel 8706 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.; Isotype CR, n.v.). Psychotria liesneri Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 387. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, NE of town of Cerro Azul, 20 km by road from Inter- American Hwy., 10 Dec 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3658 (Holotype MO 2257865 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria lilacina Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 252. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Cerro Huitz, between Mimahuitz and Yulhuitz, Sierra de los Cuchumatanes, 1500-2600 m, 14 Jul 1942, J. A. Steyermark 48564 (Holotype F 1133819 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria minarum Standi. & Steyerm. Psychotria limonensis K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 119: 43. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, Hot de la Uvita, Puerto Limon, Jul 1898, H. Pittier 12681 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo and fragment F); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria limonensis K. Krause var. angustifolia Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 282. 1937. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, Finca Moca 1020 m, 7 Jan 1935, A. F. Skutch 2073 (Holotype F 934091 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.).— Psychotria clivorum Standi. & Steyerm. Psychotria limonensis K. Krause var. laxinervia Loes., Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 361. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, ruinas del Palenque, 10 Mar 191 1, E. Seler & C Seler 5463 (384) (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo US; fragment F); Isotype GH (photo PTBG)). —Psychotria limonensis K. Krause Psychotria longicollis Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 33. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Insula San Lucas, Oersted 11621 (Lectotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG), here designated; Isolectotype C (lower right-hand collection numbered 1 1621, mounted on same sheet with Syntype Oersted 1 1622). Syntypes: COSTA RICA: In monte Aguacate, Nov 1846, Oersted 11622 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)); Aguacate Oersted 11629 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Oersted 11621, a flowering specimen with a duplicate, is the most appropriate choice for lectotype. Uragoga. — Psychotria Psychotria longipedunculata Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 389. 1980. Not Psychotria longipedunculata (Gardn.) Muell. Arg. in Mart., 1881, nor Elmer, 1911. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, valley of Rio Dos Bocas, 15.6 km NW of Santa Fe, road between Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra and Calovebora, 450-550 m, 31 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27621 (Holotype MO 2203532). W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 257. 1993. Norn. nov. fox Psychotria longipedunculata Dwyer, 1980, not P. longipedunculata (Gardn.) Muell. Arg. in Mart., 1881. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, valley of Rio Dos Bocas, 15.6 km NW of Santa Fe, road between Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra and Calovebora, 450-550 m, 31 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27621 (Holotype MO 2203532). Psychotria lundellii Standi, in Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 29. 1940. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): El Cayo District, Valentin, in advanced forest, limestone valley, 26 Jun 1936, C. L. Lundell 6260 (Holotype F 861235 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MICH, n.v., NY, n.v., TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Psychotria luteotuba Lorence, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 55. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de Hidalgotitlan, zona de Uxpanapa, Rio Solosuchil a 5-6 km ESE de Hermanos Cedillo, 100-200 m, 24 Mar 1982, D. Lorence, T. Wendt, R. Riviere, M. Vazquez T., A. S. Ton & I. Navarrete 3910 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes BM, BR, CHAPA, ENCB, F, MO, UC, XAL).— Psychotria phanaerandra (Standi. & Steyerm.) Lorence Psychotria luxurians Rusby, Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 6: 50. 1896. Type: BOLIVIA: Between Tipuani and Guanai, Dec 1892, Bang 1741 (Lectotype US 1393044 (photos PTBG), here ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL / ; Isolectotypes US (2 sheets; photos PTBG)). Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 56, pi 202, fig. a. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, Andes of Peru, nemonbus versus Pillao ad Iscutunam, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav. var. angustissima Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 203. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cana-Cuasi Trail, north slope, 5500 ft., 16 Mar 1940, M. E. Terry & R. A. Terry 1597 (Holotype F 1034533 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav. Psychotria macropoda Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 63, pi. 211, fig- b. 1799. Type: PERU: Huanuco, nemoribus secus Pillao ad Iscutuvam, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Geophila macropoda (Ruiz & Pav.) DC. Psychotria magna Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 131. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Loma de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), 10-104 m, Aug 191 1, H. Pittier 4092 (Holotype US 679188 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. compressicaulis (K. Schum.) C. W. Ham. Psychotria marginata Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: In sylvestribus, Swartz s.n. (Holotype S, n.v. (photo A); possible Isotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Uragoga. Psychotria maxonii Standi., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 37: 53. 1924. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Santa Clara de Cartago, 20 Jul 1903, W. R. Maxon & A. D. Harvey 8250 (Holotype US 1 180093 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria megalantha Lorence, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 58. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Ixtlan, Sierra de Juarez, Ruta 175 Tuxtepec a Oaxaca, 5 km NE de Vista Hermosa, 1300 m, 28 May 1983, D. Lorence & R. Cedillo T. 4190 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes BM, BR, CAS, ENCB, F, K, MEXU, MO, NY, UC, US, WIS, TEX, XAL). Psychotria mexiae Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 296. 1929. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Santa Cruz de Vallarta, 300 m, 9 Dec 1926, Y. Mexia 1262 (Holotype F 579924 (photos MEXU. PTBG): Isotypes A, n.v., C (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH (photo PTBG), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG; fragment F)). Psychotria mexicana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult, Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (presumably B-WI, n.v.). Uragoga. — Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria micrantha Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 363, pi. 284. 1819. Type: PERU: A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (fragment F)). Mapouria, Uragoga. Psychotria microbotrys Ruiz ex Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 204. 1930. Type: PERU: Loreto, Williams 2983 (Holotype F, n.v.). Psychotria microdesmia Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 36. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Ad Jaris, Oersted 11610 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG); Isotypes C (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Uragoga.— Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pavon Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urb., Symb. Antill. 9: 539. 1928. Rondeletia microdon DC, Prodr. 4: 408. 1830. Type: CUBA: Havana, de la Ossa s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC 800.691: 111.7,8)). Psychotria mima Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 386. 31 Oct 1940. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, vicinity of Pejivalle, 600-850 m, Jan 1940, A. F. Skutch 4589 (Holotype F 1044330 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG). Nomen. illegit., not Psychotria mima Standi. 10 Sep 1940 [Type from Brazil].— Psychotria angustiflora K. Krause Psvchotria minarum Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 253. 1947. JATEMA ti Calera and summit c Volcan Siglo, 2000-3000 m, 21 Jan 1942, J. A. Steyermark 43106 (Holotype F 1 133839 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria miradorensis (Oerst.) Hemsl, Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 50. 1881. Mapouria miradorensis Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 14, fig. 9. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, in quercetum, 3000 ft., F. Liebmann 11662 (Lectotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype US, n.v.; designated by Hamilton, 1989). Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, Apr 1847, F. Liebmann 11577 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)); Mirador, F. Liebmann 11614 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria, Uragoga.— Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. costivenia Psychotria mirandae C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 229. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Berriozabal a las Vistas, 17 Jul 1949, F. Miranda 5395 (Holotype US, n.v.; Isotype MEXU). Psychotria molinae Standi., Ceiba 1: 46. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, drainage of the Rio Yeguare, at about longitude 87 °W and latitude 14 °N, in cloud forest on Mt. Uyuca, 2000 m, 20 Aug 1946, L. O. Williams & A. Molina R. 10390 (Holotype F 1264188 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes EAP, n.v., GH, n.v., MO (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. Psychotria molinarum Lorence, Novon 7: 51. 1997. Based on Evea chiapensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1392. 1926. Not Psychotria chiapensis Standi., 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, C. A. Purpus 6928 (Holotype US 567214 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria molliramis (K. Schum. & K. Krause) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 529. 1972. Palicourea molliramis K. Schum. & K. Krause, Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 40: 337. 1908. Type: COLOMBIA: Cauca, prope La Junta ad Rio d' Agua, 200-500 m, Lehmann 4667 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). —Psychotria hebeclada DC. Psychotria mollis Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 5: 701. 1804. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype P-LA (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG)).— Psychotria pubescens Sw. Psychotria mombachensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 8: 188. 1930. Type: NICARAGUA: Mombacho Volcano, 600-750 m, 5 Jul 1923, W. R. Maxon, A. D. Harvey & A. T. Valentine 7818 (Holotype F 600068 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria domingensis Jacq. Psychotria monteverdensis Dwyer & C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 230. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Guanacaste-Puntarenas border region, Cordillera de Tilaran, Monteverde, en cumbre de fila al oeste de Reserva, 1520-1590 m, 24 Jun 1977, V. J. Dryer 1531 (Holotype MO 3235523 (photo PTBG); Isotype CR). Psychotria morae Pol., Linnaea 41: 570. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Jun 1875, H. Polakowski 171 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos GH, US)). Uragoga. — Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Psychotria morii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 400. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, 1 1 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedra, along Rio Dos Bocas, Atlantic slope, 15 Nov 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3139 (Holotype MO 2932202 (photo PTBG)). — Psychotria siggersiana Standi. Psychotria mortoniana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 355. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, vicinity of El General, 950 m, Jul 1936, A. F. Skutch 2697 (Holotype US 1642538 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG; fragment F); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria muscosa (Jacq.) Steyerm, Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 671. 1972. Morinda muscosa Jacq., Sel. Stirp. Am. 65. 1763. Type: MARTINIQUE: Jacquin s.n. (Location unknown). L NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Psychotria nebulosa (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 205. 1995. Coussarea nebulosa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 131. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Monte Rey near Boquete, 20 Jul 1971, T. B. Croat 15868 (Holotype MO 2162999 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 4043108). Psychotria neillii C. W. Ham. & Dwyer, Phytologia 64: 231. 1988. Type: NICARAGUA: Rio San Juan, Rio Sabalos, 2 km al W de Santa Eduviges, 80 m, 18 Feb 1984, P. P. Moreno 23060 (Holotype MO 3192079 (photo PTBG)). Psychotria nervosa Sw., Prodr. 43. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality. Swart: s.n. (Holotype S, n.v. (photo A)). Psychotria nervosa Sw. var. rufescens (Kunth) L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 492. 1973. Psychotria rufescens Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 364. 1819. Type: VENEZUELA: Caripe, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO)) —Psychotria nervosa Sw. Psychotria nervosa Sw. subsp. rufescens (Kunth) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 480. 1972. Psychotria rufescens Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 364. 1819. Type: VENEZUELA: Caripe, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO)).— Psychotria nervosa Sw. Psychotria nicaraguensis Benth. in Oerst., Viddensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 34. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Rio San Juan, Oersted 11634 (Lectotype C, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntype: COSTA RICA: Ad Jaris, Oersted 11635 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Oersted 11634 is the better choice for lectotype as it is a well developed fruiting specimen. Uragoga.— Psychotria marginata Psychotria nicotianifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 229. 1844 [as nicotianaefolia]. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, 3000 ft., H. Galeotti 7066 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes G- DC (photo MO), P (label states "cerca Xalapa," photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Hoffmannia nicotianifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) L. O. Williams / nubiphila Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 403. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, NW side of Cerro Pando, T. B. Croat 15990 (Holotype MO).— Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. panamensis Psychotria oaxacana Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1391. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, from near Santo Domingo, 1600 ft., 18 Jun 1895, E. W. Nelson 2688 (Holotype US 574444 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Psychotria graciliflora Benth. in Oerst. Psychotria obovata (Oerst.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 50. 1881. Mapouria obovata Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 1 4, figs. 3, 4. 1863. Not Psychotria obovata Ruiz & Pav„ 1799. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, F. Liebmann s.n. (Holotype C, n.v.). —Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Psychotria oerstediana (Kuntze) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1390. 1926. Uragoga oerstediana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 957. 1891. Based on Mapouria obovata Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 14, figs 3, 4. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, F. Liebmann s.n. (Holotype C, n.v.).— Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Psvchotria officinalis (Aubl.) Raeusch. ex Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1931: 473. 1931. Nonatelea officinalis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 182, tab. 70. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, Aublet s.n. (presumably BM, n.v.). Psychotria olgae Dwyer & Hayden, Ann Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 42, fig. 3. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, between Cerro Jefe and Eneida, 2100-2900 ft., 17 Jan 1968, J. D. Dwver. J. Duke & R. Dressier 8193 (Holotype MO 1962026 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes DUKE, n.v., F, NY, n.v.). Psychotria orchidearum Standi.. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 276. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Cerros de Zurqui, northeast of San Isidro. 2000-2400 m, 3 Mar 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 50863 (Holotype US 1306503 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria orchidearum Standi, subsp. persedens Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 407. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Campana, 2500 ft., 7 Feb 1969, E. L. Tyson 5331 (Holotype MO 1973872). — Status uncertain, probably Psychotria Psychotria oreodoxa L. O. Williams, Phytologia 28: 230. 1974. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, south-facing slopes and barrancos of Volcan Santa Clara, 1 Vt-2 miles west of Finca El Naranjo, 1250 m, 1 Jun 1942,7. A. Stevermark 46803 (Holotype F 1 133947 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria oresbia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 408. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacarcuna W ridge, trail toward Rio Pucuro just below summit camp, 1500-1600 m, 5 Feb 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 14150 (Holotype MO 2280279 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria orogenes L. O. Williams, Phytologia 28: 231. 1974. Type: GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz, Sierra de las Minas about 5 km south of Purulha, 1600 m, 2 Jan 1973, L. O. Williams, A. Molina R. & T. P. Williams 41924 (Holotype F 1722437 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria orosiana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 288. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, vicinity of Orosi, 30 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 39803 (Holotype US 1 153182 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria ostaurea Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 143. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, vicinity of Chinqui Lagoon, Water Valley, 1 Nov 1940, H. von Wedel 1461 (Holotype MO 1240228' (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). — Coussarea hondensis (Standi.) C M Taylor & W. C. Burger Psychotria ostreophora (Wernh.) C. M. Taylor, Novon 4: 305. 1994. Cephaelis ostreophora Wernh., J. Bot. 55: 284. 1917. Type: COLOMBIA: Bogota, Servita y Villavicencio, Triana s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.; Isotype F). Psychotria pachecoana Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 205. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz, :o: ..:-, 1650 m, 30 Mar 1939, P. C. Standley 69922 (Holotype F 994220 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria pacoroensis C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 232. 1988. Type: PANAMA: Panama, vicinity of Cerro Jefe, Altos de Pacora, 2400 ft., 18 Dec 1980, T. Antonio 3241 (Holotype MO 2892015 (photo PTBG); Isotype ENCB, n.v.). Psychotria padifolia Willd. ex Roem. 8c Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Xalapa, Humboldt & Bonpland 4420 (Holotype B-WI (photos DUKE, F, MO, NY)).— Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria panamensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 132. 1916. var. panamensis. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, humid forest around Los Siguas Camp, southern slope of Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700 m, 17-19 Mar 1911,//. Pittier 3194 (Holotype US 677588 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. compressicaulis (K. Krause) C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 233. 1988. Psychotria compressicaulis K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54, Beibl. 119: 44. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Tuis, 600 m, Jul 1898, H. Pittier 12412 (Holotype B, destroyed (photo GH); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. ixtlanensis C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 233. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Ixtlan, 21.4 km S de Valle Nacional, 1 140 m, 28 Nov 1979, T. Wendt et al. 2258 (Holotype MEXU 317322; Isotypes CHAPA, ENCB). Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. magna (Standi.) C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 234. 1988. Psychotria magna Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 131. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Loma de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRA! de Dios), 10-104 m, Aug 191 1, H. Pittier 4092 (Holotype US 679188 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 693188). Psychotria papantlensis (Oerst.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 50. 1881. Mapouria papantlensis Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 14, fig. 5. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Papantla, F. Liebmann s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). Uragoga. Psychotria parasitica Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788, nomen illegit. citing Viscoides pendulum Jacq. 1763. (see Steyermark, 1972: 569 for discussion). Uragoga. — Psychotria guadalupensis (DC.) Howard Psychotria parvifolia Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 36. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Ad Naranjo, Apr 1847, Oersted 11637 (Holotype C (photos F, MEXU, MO, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria peperomiae Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 132. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, top of Cerro de la Horqueta, 2265 m, 18 Mar 191 1, H. Pittier 3235 (Holotype US 677632, n.v.). — Psychotria guadalupensis (DC.) Howard Psychotria perparva Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 41 1. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Tacarcuna Massif between summit camp on westernmost ridge and Pico Tacarcuna, mostly elfin forest, 1650-1800 m, 22 Jul 1976, A. Gentry, H. Leon & L. Forero 16921 (Holotype MO 2416828 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Psychotria persearum Standi., Ceiba 1: 48. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, Cerro de Uyuca, ca. 1800 m, 2 Mar 1947, P. C. Standley 4865 (Holotype F 1256865 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype EAP, n.v.). —Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria phanaerandra (Standi. & Steyerm.) Lorence, Novon 2: 260. 1992. Palicourea phanaerandra Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 252. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Cerro San Gil, 1200 m, 26-27 Dec 1941, J. A. Steyermark 41952 (Holotype F 1 132612 (photo PTBG); Isotype US). Psychotria philacra Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 412. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacarcuna, S slope, ridge top forest well below summit, 1250-1450 m, 26 Jan 1975, A. Gentry & S Mori 13916 (Holotype MO 2280220 (photo PTBG)). Psychotria phoeniciana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 16: 17. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, mountains near Fenix, May 1925, C. A. Purpus 316 (Holotype US 1208247 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)).— Palicourea macrantha Loes. Psychotria pilosa Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 60, pi. 208, fig. 1. 1799. Type: PERU: Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; Isotype B, n.v (photo MO)). Psychotria pinularis Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 57. 1894. Type: PUERTO RICO: Habitat in monticulo de la Aguadilla vicino, Sesse & Mogino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urb. Psvchotria pithecobia Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 187. 1930. Type: COSTA RICA: La Palma, 1550 m, 15 Aug 1898, A. Tonduz 12432 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psvchotria pittieri Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 132. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, railroad relocation between Gorgona and Gatun, 10-50 m, 7 Jan 191 1, H. Pittier 2266 (Holotype US 676523 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria pittieri Standi, subsp. oinochrophylla Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 416. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Pure, cloud forest and/or mossy forest, 2500-4000 ft., 9-10 Aug 1967, J. A. Duke & T. Elias 13668 (Holotype MO 2138646 (photos MEXU, PTBG)) —Status uncertain, Psvchotria subgen. Heteropsychotria. Psychotria platypoda DC, Prodr. 4: 510. 1830. Type: GUYANA: Patris s.n. (presumably G- GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubliquitz, 350 m, Aug 1903, H. von Tuerckheim 8529 (Lectotype GH, n.v. (fragment F; photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Hamilton, 1989). Psychotria poeppigiana Mull. Arg., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 370. 1881. Syntypes: BRAZIL: Amazonas Habitat in regione superiore fluminis Amazonum prope Ega, Poeppig 3065 (presumably M, n.v.), Martius s.n. (presumably M, n.v.); in sylvis Japurensibus ad Maribi, Martius s.n. (presumably M, n.v.); in regione Rio Negro ad Uanaca et S. Gabriel, Spruce 1892 (presumably M, n.v.); prope Barra do R,< | presumably M, n.v.); in silvis ad Nagueria, Martius s.n. (presumably M, n.v.). Psychotria polyphobia Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 33: 253. 1902. Type: COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Apr 1896, J. D. Smith 6854 (Lectotype US 943508 (photos MEXU, PTBG), here designated; Isolectotype US 943509 (photos MEXU, PTBG). Syntype: COSTA RICA: Talamanca, forets au-dessus de Tsaki, 500 m, Apr 1895, A. Tonduz 9577 (P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Smith 6854, with abundant flowers and fruit and a duplicate at US, is the better choice for lectotype. Psychotria psychotriifolia (Seem.) Standi., Contr. U.S.Natl. Herb. 18: 133. 1916. Cephaelis psychotriifolia Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 138. 1852 [as psychotriaefolia]. Type: PANAMA: Panama, dense forests near Cruces; and Darien, Chirambira, Seemann 482 (Holotype BM, n.v. (photo MO); Isotype K [as Seemann 482bis]). Psychotria pubescens Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: A neotype needs to be designated according to Howard (1989). Psychotria pumilocarpa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 419. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Alto de Piedra, 800 m, 7 Sep 1974, P. J. M. Maas & R. L. Dressier 1612 (Holotype MO 2287628). Psychotria purpureocapitata Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 301, fig. 2A, B. 1996. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Cope on Pacific side, Vz hour walk from sawmill, 2400 ft. [774 m], 16 Oct 1979, T. Antonio 2154 (Holotype PMA, n.v.; Isotype MO 46581 12). Psychotria purpusii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1388. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, Aug 1913, C. A. Purpus 7012 (Holotype US 567269 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria quadrangulata Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, NW. of Santa Fe, 2.7 km from Escuela Agricola Alto de Piedras, road to Calovebora, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5363 (Holotype MO (not located 6/1996)). Psychotria quiinifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 108. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Almirante, Changuinola Canal, K. Blum 1402 (Holotype MO 24481 17 (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria nervosa Sw. Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol, Linnaea 41: 570. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, 24 Jun 1875, H. Polakowski 135 (Lectotype B, destroyed (photos BH, MO, US); designated by Hamilton, 1989). Uragoga Psychotria racemosa Rich., Actes Soc. Hist. Nat. Paris 1: 107. 1792. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: L. C. M. Richard s.n. (Neotype P, n.v.; designated by Kirkbride, 1997). Psychotria racemosa (Aubl.) Raeusch., Nomen., ed. 3, 56. 1797, not Rich. 1792. Nonatelia racemosa Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 187, t. 72. Ml 5. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In sylvis territoni Orapu, Aublet s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.). —Psychotria racemosa Rich. Psychotria ramonensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1360. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: La Palma de San Ramon, 1250 m, Nov 1925, A. Brenes 4599 (Holotype F 852181 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Psychotria hazenii Standi. Psychotria remota Benth., J. Bot. Hook. 3. 225. 1841. Type: BRAZIL: On the Rio Negro, k. NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Schomburgk 963 (Holotype presumably K, n.v. (photo NY)). Mapouria Psychotria roseocremea (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 205. 1995. Coussarea roseocremea Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 133. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, El Llano- Carti highway, 6-10 km N of El Llano, 13 Apr 1973, R. L. Dressier 4334 (Holotype MO 2126258 (photo PTBG)). Psychotria rosulatifolia Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 423, fig. 77. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacarcuna, trail from Rio Pucuro base camp up west ridge of Cerro Mali, 640-1000 m, 6 Feb 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 14174 (Holotype MO 2276271 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria rufescens Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 364. 1819. Type: VENEZUELA: Canpe, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype presumably P- Bonpland, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO)). Uragoga. —Psychotria nervosa Sw. Psychotria rufescens Kunth var. haenkeana DC, Prodr. 4: 512. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). — Status uncertain, probably Psychotria nervosa Sw. Psychotria salicifolia (Oerst.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 51. 1 88 1 . Mapouria salicifolia Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. J 4, fig- 2. 1863. Not Psychotria salicifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, 1819. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Lacoba [Lacova], F. Liebmann (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). —Psychotria papantlensis (Oerst.) Hemsl. Psychotria saltatrix C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 205,7%. 2. 1995. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Refugio Nacional Tapanti, por la orilla del Rio Grande de Orosi, 09°45'N, 83°47'W, 14 Aug 1991, B. Hammel et al 18328 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO 4619859). Psychotria sanfelicensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 424. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, N of San Felix on Cerro Colorado copper mine road, along continental divide, 5000-5500 ft., S. Mori & J. Kallunki 5871 (Holotype MO 3646500) Psychotria santaritensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 424. fig. 78. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Santa Rita, near Agua Clara weather station, 23 Mar 1972, J. D. Dwyer & A. Gentiy 9565 (Holotype MO 2183828 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria santarosae Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 1 13. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: El Valle, Santa Rosa, Dagua Valley, 200-300 m, 22 Sep 1922, E. P. Killip 11530 (Holotype US 1 140714). Psychotria sarapiquensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1360. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Vara Blanca de Sarapiqui, north slope of Central Cordillera, 1500 m, Jul-Sep 1937, A. F. Skutch 3330 (Holotype US 1643233 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH (photo PTBG), MO). Psychotria scabriuscula Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 513. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Acapulco, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.).— Psychotria pubescens Sw. Psychotria schippii Standi. & Steyerm, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 24. 1943. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): El Cayo district, Valentin, in advanced forest, limestone valley, Jun-Jul 1936, C. L. Lundell 6193 (Holotype F 861234 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria mexiae Standi. Psychotria sessilifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 228. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Miradoret Zacuapan [label on isotype states "Xalapa"], 3000 ft., H. Galeotti 7078 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotypes G-DEL, n.v. (photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Uragoga. — Psychotria tenuifolia Sw. Psychotria siccorubra Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 428. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Cerro Tute, ca. 10 km NW of Santa Fe, on ridgetop in cloud forest, above 1000 m, l9Jun 1975, S. Mori 6781 (Holotype MO 2272240 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria ostreophora (Werhnam) C. M. Taylor Psychotria siggersiana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 289. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, vicinity of Guapiles, 300-500 m, Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 37210 (Holotype US 1153058 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria simiarum Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 344. 1929. Type: HONDURAS: Atlantida, Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20-600 m, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, P. C. Standley 56772 (Holotype F 581799 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria sixaolensis C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 234. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, along road between Limon and Shiroles, along Rio Sixaola, 0.9 miles SW of Bambu, 6.5 miles SW of Bribni, less than 50 m alt., 12 Aug 1977, T. B. Croat 43303 (Holotype MO 2587929 (photo PTBG)). Psychotria skutchii Standi, Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17:283. 1937. Type: GUATEMALA: San Juan Ixcoy, oak woods, 8000 ft., 22 Aug 1924, A. F. Skutch 1074 (Holotype F 813469 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.).— Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria solitudinum Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 207. 1940. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Valley of El General, 700 m, Jun 1939, A. F. Skutch 4347 (Holotype F 974021 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria sousae Lorence & Dwyer, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 59. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Mun. de Matias Romero, zona de Uxpanapa, lomas al E de Arroyo Hamaca, 9.5 km al SE de La Floresta, a 21.5 km S de Esmeralda, 400 m, 22 May 1981, T. Wendt, A. Villalobos, I. Navarrete & J. Anguiano 3282 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes CHAPA, PTBG). Psychotria stenostachya Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 207. 1930. Type: PERU: Loreto, Killip & Smith 29294 (Holotype F, n.v.). Psychotria steyermarkii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 387. 1940 Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, lower south-facing slopes of Volcan Santa Maria, Finca Pireneos and San Juan Patzulin, 1300-1400 m, 6 Jan 1940, J. A. Steyermark 33700 (Holotype F 1043219 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria stipulata (Oerst.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 51. 1881. Mapouria stipulata Oerst., Amer. Cent. 17, tab. 14, fig. 7. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Papantla, Liebmann 11615 (Lectotype C, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntype: MEXICO: Veracruz, Papantla, Liebmann 11636 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Liebmann 11 61 5, a flowering specimen with a duplicate, is the more suitable choice for lectotype. — Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. costivenia Psychotria stockwellii C. W. Ham., Phytologia 64: 235. 1988. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, region of Zarcero, 1800 m, 18 Oct 1937, A. Smith 543 (Holotype US; Isotype F). Psychotria subsessilis Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 32. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Ad Turrialba, Oersted 11613 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG): Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. costivenia Psychotria suerrensis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 337. 1899. Type: COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Feb- Apr 1896, J. D. Smith 6580 (Syntype US 943504 (photos MEXU, PTBG), US 943405 (photos MEXU, PTBG)); Tonduz 8683 (Syntype US, n.v.). Psychotria sylvivaga Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 274. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Yerba Buena, northeast of San Isidro, ca. 2000 m, 28 Feb 1926, P. C. Standley & J. Valerio 49989 (Holotype US 1306274 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria tacarcunensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 431. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, elfin forest at top of W peak of Cerro Tacarcuna massif, 1800-1850 m, 28 Jan 1975, A. Gentry & S. Mori 13974 of Mexican and Central i (Holotype MO 2242943 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria tapantiensis C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 275. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, Reserva Tapanti, 1 1 km above the Tapanti bridge, 10 Aug 1980, R. L. Wilbur 30741 (Holotype DUKE, n.v.). Psychotria taurina Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 432. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Fish Creek Mountains, vicinity of Chiriqui Lagoon, 16 Apr 1941, H. von Wedel 2240 (Holotype MO 1245978 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria tenuifolia Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: SANTO DOMINGO (Hispaniola): A neotype needs to be designated according to Howard (1989). Uragoga. Psychotria thesceloantha Steyerm., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 347. 1988. Type: VENEZUELA: Amazonas, R. Liesner 16963 (Holotype MO; Isotype VEN, n.v.). Psychotria thornei Lorence, Novon 4: 127, fig. 5. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Selva Negra, ca. 15 km N of Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan; canyon with montane rain forest of Selva Negra on slopes, 5700 ft., 24 Jun 1970, R. Thome & E. Lathrop 40389b (Holotype CAS (photo PTBG)). Psychotria thyrsoidea Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 58. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat prope Cordovam, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain. Psychotria tomentosa (Oerst.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 51. 1881. Mapouria tomentosa Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 14, fig. 8. 1863. Not Psychotria tomentosa Mull. Arg., 1881, nor Hemsl., 1881. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, prope Papantla, F. Liebmann (presumably C, n.v.).— Status uncertain, probably Psychotria micrantha Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth. Psychotria tonduzii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 287. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA : Cartago, La Estrella, 26-27 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 39461 (Holotype US 1 153160 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria aggregata Standi. Psychotria torresiana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 288. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, vicinity of Orosi, 30 Mar 1924, P. C. Standley 39769 (Holotype US 1 153178 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria goldmanii Standi. Psychotria trichotoma M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 227. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Xalapa and Mirador, 4000 ft., H. Galeotti 7092 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Uragoga. Psychotria tricostata Standi., Ceiba 1: 48. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: Francisco Morazan, drainage of the Rio Yeguare; canon de la Mt. Uyuca, 2000 m, 29 May 1948, A. Molino R. 919 (Holotype F 1352078 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes EAP, n.v., GH, n.v.). — Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria triphvlla (DC.) Mull. Arg. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(5): 233. 1881. Palicourea tripkyUa DC, Prodr. 4: 526. 1830. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Guiana Gallica, without precise locality, Paths s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)).— Palicourea triphvlla DC. Psvchotria turrubarensis W. C. Burger & Q. Jimenez, Novon 4: 206. 1994 [cited as nom. nud. in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana: Bot., n.s. 33: 277. 1993]. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, faldas del Cerro Bares, Zona Protectora Cerros de Turrubares, 9°47'30"N, 84°28'30"W, 1600 m, 6 Nov 1990, Q. Jimenez & G. Varela 935 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO). Psychotria tutensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 434. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Cerro Tute, ca. 10 km NW of Santa Fe, on ridgetop in cloud forest, above 1000 m, 19 Jun 1975, S Mori 6783 (Holotype MO 2338505 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). — Coussarea austin-smithii Standi. Psvchotria uliginosa Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: A neotype r— «■ to be designated according t Uragoga. ) Howard (1989). Psychotria umbelliformis Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 44. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Panama, between peaks of Cerro Trinidad, saddle on SE slope, 5 May 1968, J. A. Duke & J. Kirkbride, Jr. 1641 (Holotype MO 1968366). Psychotria uyucana Standi., Ceiba 1: 48. 1950. Type: HONDURAS: Francisco Morazan, drainage of Rio Yeguare, Mt. Uyuca, 2000 m, 29 May 1948, A. Molina R. 919 (Holotype F; Isotype EAP, n.v.). — Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) CM. Taylor & Lorence Psychotria Valeriana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1363. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Cerros de San Pedro de San Ramon, 1075 m, Jun 1926, A. Brenes 4886 (Holotype F 853470 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria vallensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 438. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Code, woods adjacent to chicken farm, La Mesa, above El Valle, 3 Jan 1974, J. D. Dwyer 1 1867 (Lectotype MO 2163005A (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes BM, n.v., F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., PMA, n.v.). The lectotype was designated by Hamilton (1989), selecting one of three sheets annotated by J. D. Dwyer as "type," and the two isolectotypes at MO were subsequently distributed to BM and PMA.— Psychotria graciliflora Benth. in Oerst. Psychotria veracruzensis Lorence & Dwyer, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 61. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de San Andres Tuxtla, estacion de biologia tropical Los Tuxtlas, entre Sontecomapan y Montepio; vereda al Cerro Vigia, 150-250 m, 18 Apr 1981, D. H. Lorence & T. P. Ramamoorthy 3313 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes BM, F (photo PTBG), MEXU, MO (photo PTBG) UC, XAL). P.vc Bot. Gard. 67: 438. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, along road between Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra (above Santa Fe) and Rio Dos Bocas, ca. 10 km from the Escuela, 530-620 m, 26 Jul 1974, T. B. Croat 25871 (Holotype MO 2204045 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria victoriae Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 108. 1966. Not P. victoriae Standi., 1930. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, woods at Finca Collins, Boquete, 5000 ft., M. V. Hayden 164 (Holotype MO (not located 6/1996)).— Status uncertain, Psychotria macrophylla Ruiz & Pav., vel sp. aff. Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2: 61, tab. 2 10, fig. b. 1799. Type: PERU: Andes de Peru, Chinchao et Macora, Jul 1794, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v. (photo MO)). Uragoga. Psychotria wendlandiana Oerst. ex Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 9. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: San Miguel [de Naranjo?], 13 May 1857, Wendland 781 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)) —Psychotria jimenezii Standi. Psychotria wilburiana Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 440. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, valley of the Rio Dos Bocas, 1 1-13 km beyond Agricultural School at Santa Fe, 350-500 m, T. B. Croat 25745 (Holorype MO 2232437 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Psychotria xerococcoides Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 441. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Cerro Tacarcuna massif between summit camp on westernmost ridge and Pico Tacarcuna, mostly elfin forest, 1650-1800 m, 22 Jul 1976, A. Gentry. H. Leon & L. Forero 16924 (Holotype MO 2465400 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Psychotria yunckeri Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17: 397. 1938. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, in forest near the summit of the range above El Achote, above the plains of Siguatepeque 1850 m, Jun-Aug 1936, T. G. Yuncker, R. F. Dawson & H. R- Youse 6013 (Holotype F 857686 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria panamensis Standi, var. panamensis Psychotria zevallosii C. M. Taylor, Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 1258. 1993. Norn. nov. for Cephaelis williamsii Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. ^.NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 8: 185. 1930. Not Psychotria williamsii Standi., 1930. Type: PERU: Loreto, Manfina, on upper Rio Nanay, 29 Jun 1929, L. Williams 1114 (HolotypeF 604625). Rachicallis DC, Prodr. 4: 433. 1830. Type: Rachicallis rupestris (Sw.) DC. Rachicallis americana (Jacq.) A. S. Hitchc, Missouri Bot. Gard. Ann. Rep. 4: 92. 1893. Hedyotis americana Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 12. 1760. Type: CUBA: India Occidentalis, Randia L., Sp. PI. 2: 1 192. 1753. Type: Randia mitis L. (=Randia aculeata L.). Randia aculeata L., Sp. PI. 2: 1 192. 1753. var. aculeata. Type: JAMAICA: (LINN 214.1, n.v.; for typification, see Howard, 1989: 452). Randia aculeata L. var. chiapasina Loes., Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 65: 109. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Comitan, near Bahucuc, E. Seler & C. Seler 2203 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed). — Status , probably Randia aculeata L. var. Randia aculeata L. var. dasyclada Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 341. 1972. Based on Randia obovata Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 409. 1820. Not Randia obovata Ruiz & Pav., 1799. Type: COLOMBIA: Dept. Cordoba, ad ostia flumiinis Sinu, A. Bonplands.n. (Holotype P- Bonpland, n.v. (photo F)). Randia albonervia Brandegee, Zoe 5: 257. 1908. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, vicinity of Zacuapan, Corral de las Piedras, May 1907, C. A. Purpus 2424 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes BM, F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia monantha Benth. Randia altiscandens (Ducke) C. M. Taylor in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 282. 1993. Basanacantha altiscandens Ducke, Archiv. Inst. Biol. Veg. Rio Janeiro 2: 172. 1935. Type: VENEZUELA: Amazonas, Ducke s.n. (Holotype RB 24415, n.v.; Isotype Randia armata (Sw.) DC, Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. subsp. armata. Gardenia armata Sw., Prodr. Fl. Ind. Occ. 51. 1788. Type: COLOMBIA: Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (Lectotype: Jacquin's plate; designated by Taylor & Lorence, 1993). Randia armata (Sw.) DC. subsp. panamensis (Standi.) Lorence, Novon 8: 250. 1998. Randia panamensis Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 288. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Prov. Bocas del Toro, region of Almirante, Flat Rock, Jan-Mar 1928, G. Proctor Cooper 213 (Holotype F 579675 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia blepharodes Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1378. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Mexcala, versant oriental, terre chaude, 500 m, 23 May 1899, E. Langlasse 1033 (Holotype US 386343 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (fragment F), F, GH, n.v., K, P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)).^Randia thurberi S. Watson Randia blepharophylla Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1375. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, foothills of Sierra Madre, Tepic, between Aguacates and Dolores, J. N. Rose 2028 (Holotype US 30092 1 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v.) — Glossostipula blepharophylla (Standi.) Lorence Randia brenesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1365. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: La Palma de San Ramon, 10 Mar 1932, Brenes 15048 (Holotype F 857063 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia calycosa Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 201. 1919. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Los Siguas Camp, southern slope of Cerro de la Horqueta, 1700 m, 17-19 Mar 1911,//. Pittier 3198 (Holotype US 677593 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia canescens Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 34: 573. 1899. Type: MEXICO: Morelos, barrancas near Cuemavaca, 5000 ft., 28 May 1898 C G. Pringle 6863 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MEXU (2 sheets), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia capitata DC, Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Mexico ad Anasteca [Huasteca], May 1827, Berlandier 513 (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (photos F, MEXU)). Randia chiapensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1377. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Canjob, 27 Mar 1904, E. A. Goldman 797 (Holotype US 470602 (photos K, MEXU, PTBG)). Randia cinerea (Fernald) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 201. 1919. Genipa cinerea Fernald, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts. 33: 93. 1897. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Acapulco and vicinity, Oct 1894-Mar 1895, E. Palmer 348 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia concinna Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 288. 1929. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, San Sebastian, Hacienda del Ocotal, 1500 m, Y. Mexia 1690 (Holotype F 57991 1 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., BM, GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)) — Glossostipula concinna (Standi.) Lorence Randia cookii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 32: 176. 1934. Type: GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz, Santa Rosa, June 1904, O. F. Cook 249 (Holotype US 860099 (photos MEXU, PTBG), fragment F). Randia ocscentioides Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 88. 1944. Type: COSTA RICA: Port Parker, 4 Jul 1932, J. T. Howell s.n. (Holotype CAS, n.v., fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia thurberi S. Watson Randia echinocarpa Sesse & Moc. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 385. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Fl. Mexic. Ic. 469 (caique presumbably MA, n.v., G-DC, n.v. (copies MEXU, US)). Basanacantha, Genipa. Randia ehrenbergii Standi, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 32: 167. 1934. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Plan de Amilpas, Mar 1831, C Ehrenberg 575 (Holotype B, [ destroyed).— Randia capitata DC. morn (Jacq.) K. Schum. in Mart., Fl. Bras. 6(6): 342. 1889. Mussaenda formosa Jacq., Enum. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (Holotype G, n.v). — Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jacq.) F. Fagerl. Randia gaumeri Greenm. & C H. Thomps., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1: 410. 1915. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Izamal, 1895, G. F. Gaumer 589 (Holotype MO 95 1695 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia obcordata S. Watson Randia genipifolia (Standi. & Steyerm.) Lorence, Novon 8: 249. 1998. Duroia genipifolia Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 186. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Rio Dulce, between Livingston and 6 miles up river, on north side (right side going up river), sea level, 14 Apr 1940, J. A. Steyermark 39382 (Holotype F 1035218 (photo PTBG)). Randia genipoides Dwyer in W. C Burger & C M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 284. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Upala, G. Herrera 1129 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO). Randia gentlei Lundell, Wrightia 4: 125. 1969. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Toledo Distr., Edwards Rd. beyond Columbia, 24 May 1951, P. H. Gentle 7343 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, TEX-LL (2 sheets), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia genipifolia (Standi. & Steyerm.) Lorence Randia gentryi Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 447. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Prov. Darien, top of Cerro Mali, 1300-1420 m, A. H. Gentry & S. Mori 13629 (Holotype MO 2258315 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MO 2578524 (photo PTBG)). Randia grandifolia (Donn. Sm.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 166. 1928. Basanacantha grandifolia Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 55: 436. 1913. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets de Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Feb 1896, A. Tonduz 9878 A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL (Lectotype US 941393, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US 577282). Syntype: COSTA RICA: Bords du Rio Corozal, pres Santo Domingo de Golfo Dulce, Apr 1896, A. Tonduz 9982 (US, F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Tonduz 9878, with more abundant flowers and two duplicates, represents the better choice for lectotype. Randia grayumii Dwyer & Lorence in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 285. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, behind NAISA house, Gandoca, 9°36'N, 82°37'W, 3 m, 4 May 1985, M. H. Grayum & G. Schatz 5287 (Holotype MO 3648263 (photo PTBG); Isotype ?CR, n.v.). Randia guatemalensis Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 202. 1919. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Secanquim, 550 m, 6 May 1905, H. Pittier271 (Holotype US 472930 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia aculeata L. var. aculeata Randia guerrerensis Lorence & Rodr. Acosta, Biotica 11: 195, fig. 1. 1986. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Mun. de Coyuca de Benitez, camino de El Zapote a Hacienda de Cabanas, a 10 km al SO de la alberca El Dorado, cerca de la Laguna de Mitla, 7 m, 21 Jul 1984, M. Rodriguez Acosta sub Lorence 4584 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes ENCB, MO (photo PTBG)). Randia habrophlebia Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 25. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: Jutiapa, Valley of Jutiapa, 850 m, 24 Oct-6 Nov 1940, P. C. Standley 76321 (Holotype F 1091237 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia cinerea (Fernald) Standi. Randia hidalgensis Lorence, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 3S,fig. la, b. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Queretaro, Mun. de Arroyo Seco, 12 km NW de El Trapiche, camino a Rio Verde, a 1 km SE de Puerto de Ayutla, 1200 m, 29 Abr 1982, P. Tenorio & R. Hernandez M. 297 (Holotype MEXU; Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Randia hondensis Karsten, Linnaea 30: 154. 1859. Type: COLOMBIA: Valley of Rio S.n. (Holotype Magdalena, 260 m, H. Kan B, presumably destroyed). Randia induta Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1377. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Cayacol, 12 Apr 1903, E. W. Nelson 7018 (Holotype US 399362 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia inermis Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 54. 1891. Not Randia inermis (Ducke) Ducke, 1932. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Amatitani clivo, ubi Testiculus Taurinus ob Fructus. Figuram vulgo adpellatur. Florit Maio, Sesse & Mocirio s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). —Status uncertain. arstenii Pol., Linnaea 41: 568. 1877. Syntypes: COSTA RICA: In sepibus vivis prope San Jose, Jun & Sep 1875, H. Karsten 74 (B, presumably destroyed); Karsten 302 (B, presumably destroyed, BM, n.v.). — Randia aculeata L. var. aculeata Randia laetevirens Standi.. Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1377. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Cerro la Silla, 20 Mar 1902, E. W. Nelson 6083 (Holotype US 347312 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia laevigata Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 201. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, Sierra de Alamos, 18 Mar 1910, J. N Rose, P. C. Standley & P. G. Russell 13051 (Holotype US 635870 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia lasiantha (Standi.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 201. 1919. Basanacantha lasiantha Standi, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 134. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Alajuela, Chagres Valley, 30-100 m, H. Pittier 3473 (Holotype US 678517 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia latifolia Lam. var. micrantha Schltdl., Linnaea 6: 723. 1831. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, prope Jalapam, Schiede & Deppe 276 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.). ^Randia aculeata L. var. aculeata Randia letreroana Lundell, Wrightia 4: 126. 1969. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Letrero, near Siltepec, 2000 m, 6 Jul 1941, E. Matuda 4358 (Holotype TEX-LL, n.v.; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MEXU, MO (photo PTBG)). — Randia thurberi S. Watson Randia longiloba Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 4: 101. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Cozumel Island, Gaumer s.n. (Holotype presumably K, n.v.). Randia loniceroides Dwyer & Lorence, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 40, fig. lc, d. 1987 [as lonicerioides]. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de Minatitlan, Zona de Uxpanapa, 13.7 km E. de La Laguna sobre camino a Uxpanapa, luego 8 km N sobre camino a Belisario Dominguez, 17°21'N, 94°23'W, 130 m, 19 Apr 1981, T. Wendt & E. Lott 3207 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes CHAPA, ENCB). Randia lundelliana Standi, in Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 30. 1940. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): El Cayo Distrist, Vaca, 26 Apr 1938, P. H. Gentie 2524 (Holotype F 941519 (photo PTBG); Isotype TEX-LL).— Randia monantha Benth. Randia malacocarpa Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 202. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Nayarit, near Acaponeta, Tepic, 30 Jul 1897, J. N. Rose 3298 (Holotype US 302274 (photos MEXU, PTBG, US)). Randia matudae Lorence & Dwyer, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 42. 1987. Based on Casasia chiapensis Miranda, Ceiba 4: 142, fig. p. 144. 1954. Not Randia chiapensis Standi., 1926. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Rancho el Ocote, 30 km NW de Ocozocuautla, 650 m, 21 May 1950, F. Miranda 7734 (Lectotype MEXU; designated by Lorence & Dwyer, 1987). Syntype: MEXICO: Chiapas, same locality, F. Miranda 6224 (F (photo PTBG)). Randia mayana Lundell, Wrightia 5: 322. 1976. Type: GUATEMALA: Baja Verapaz, Nino Perdido, in high forest on top of hill, E. of km 150/151, 30 Aug 1975, C. L. Lundell & E. Contreras 19758 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MO (photo PTBG), TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia megacarpa Brandegee, Zoe 5: 257. 1908. Type: MEXICO: Baja California, Comondu, 2 Feb 1889, T. S. Brandegee s.n. (Holotype UC, n.v.).— Randia capitata DC. Randia megalocarpa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 449. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Penon, 3 km S of Alcade Diaz, vicinity of television tower on Continental Divide, 350-440 m, M. Nee 8865 (Holotype MO 2208620 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO 2208621 (photo PTBG)).— Randia Iasiantha (Standi.) Standi. Randia microcarpa Sesse & Mo?., PI. Nov. Hispan. 33. 1888 (La Naturaleza ser. 2, 1: app. 33. 1888) [as microcarpus]. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in montibus Haereditatis- Ahuesuyo, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA. 5. F. Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 34: 45. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Maxacanu, Mar 1916, G. F. Gaumer et al. 23260 (Holotype F 446691 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia longiloba Hemsl. Randia mira Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 450. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, 5-10 km NE of Altos de Pacora at end of road, 6 Mar 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 4953 (Holotype MO 2247822 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia mitis L., Sp. PL 2: 1 192. 1753. Type: Habitat in Jamaica. Lectotype: Lycium majus americanum, jasminiflore, foliis subrotundis lucitus, Plukenet, Phytographica, t. 97, fig. 6. 1691. (designated by Lorence in Jarvis et al., 1993: 80).— Randia aculeata L. var. aculeata Randia mollifolia Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 17:219. 1937. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, Saguaribo, Rio Mayo, 3 Nov 1935, H. S. Gentry 2139 (Holotype F 809526 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MEXU, US (photos MEXU, PTBG), WIS). Randia monantha Benth., PI. Hartweg. 84. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: Rio de los Esclavos, T. Hartweg 582 (Holotype K (photos F, MEXU); Isotypes B, presumably l NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE destroyed (photo MO), BM, P [label states "Mexique"] photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia montana L. O. Williams, Phytologia 24: 160. 1972. Type: HONDURAS, Intibuca, Cordillera Opalaca, between Calaveras and El Duraznillo, 1800 m, 12 Mar 1970, A. Molina R. & A. R. Molina 25550 (Holotype F 1695297 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype EAP, n.v.).— Randia aculeata L. var. aculeata Randia nelsonii Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 34: 574. 1899. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Juchitan to Chivela, 150-900 ft., 1895, E. W. Nelson 2635 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US 569319 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia thurberi S. Watson Randia nicaraguensis Lorence & Dwyer, Novon 8: 247, fig. 1. 1998. Type: NICARAGUA: Esteli, 4.9-7.6 km NE of Hwy. 1 at Esteli along road to Yali, ca. 13°08-09', 86°19-20'W, 1 100 m, 14 Nov 1979, W. D. Stevens & A. Grijalva 15553 (Holotype MO 2872306; Isotypes F, HNMN, MEXU, MO). Randia oaxacana Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 32(3): 165. 1934. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Choapam [=Santiago Choapan], 2800-1500 ft., 28-29 Jul 1894, E. W. Nelson 842 (Holotype F 599712 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia obcordata S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 53. 1889. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, Guaymas, 1887, E. Palmer 648 (Holotype US 47988 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype BM). Randia obovata Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 409. 1820. Not Randia obovata Ruiz & Pav., 1799. Type: COLOMBIA: Ad ostia fluminis Sinu, A. Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v). — Randia aculeata L. var. dasyclada Steyerm. Randia panamensis Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 288. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Prov. Bocas del Toro, region of Almirante, Flat Rock, Jan-Mar 1928, C7. Proctor Cooper 213 (Holotype F 579675 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia armata (Sw.) DC. subsp. panamensis (Standi.) Lorence Randia pepoformis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 451. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Darien, trail from Tacarcuna Village on Rio Tacarcuna to Cerro Mali, 800-1300 m, 16 Jan 1975, A. H. Gentry & S. Mori 13614 (Holotype MO 2248019 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia altiscandens (Ducke) C. M. Taylor Randia petenensis Lundell, Wrightia 4: 127. 1969. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, La Cumbre, about 5 km from the village, on Pusila River Road, 17 May 1967, £. Contr eras 6941 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia pittieri (Standi.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 201. 1919. Basanacantha pittieri Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 134. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Gent Junction, pres Matina, Feb 1900, H. Pittier 16036 (Holotype US 578473 (photos K, MEXU, PTBG); Isotype P (fragment F, photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia pleiomeris Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 202. 1919. Type: GUATEMALA: Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa, 3000 ft., May 1892, Heyde & Lux 3166 (Lectotype US 888490, thurberi S. Watson Randia pringlei (S. Watson) A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 379. 1886. Basanacantha pringlei S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 18: 98. 1883. Type: MEXICO: Coahuila, Mountains, Jimulco, 9 Apr 1885, C G. Pringle 142 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., BM, F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MEXU, P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia pterocarpa Lorence & Dwyer, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 43, fig. 2. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. San Andres Tuxtla, Estacion de Biologia Tropical Los Tuxtlas, jardin botanico, 95°04-09'W, 18°34-36'N, 160 m, 6 Dec 1983, G. Ibarra M. 1109 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes BM, F, MO, XAL). Randia purpusii Greenm. & C. H. Thomps., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1: 410. 1914. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Minas de San Rafael, May 191 1, C. A. Purpus 5208 (Holotype MO 4186182 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)) —Randia capitata DC. Randia retroflexa Lorence & M. Nee, Brittonia 39: 37 1, fig. 1. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de Hidalgotitlan, Campamento Hermanos Cedillo a 4 km de Pancho Villa, 150 m, 25 Mar 1975, B. Ortiz & J. Martiniano A. 56 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes BM, BR, ENCB, F (photo PTBG), MO (photo PTBG), NY, UC, XAL). Randia rhagocarpa Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 23: 1376. 1926. Type: MEXICO: Tamaulipas, vicinity of Victoria, 320 m, 1 Feb-9 Apr 1907, E. Palmer 38 (Holotype US 572266 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia obcordata S. Watson Randia rosei Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20- 203. 1919. Type: MEXICO: Sinaloa, Rosario, 7 Jul 1897, J. N. Rose 1551 (Holotype US 300395 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v.).— Randia thurberi S. Watson Randia sonorensis Wiggins, Contr. Dudley Herb. 3: 75, pi. 19, figs. 4-6. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, granitic hillside 12 miles E of Ures on road to Babiacora, 2760 ft., 20 Sep 1934, /. L. Wiggins 7360 (Holotype DS 263358, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia standleyana L. O. Williams, Phytologia 24: 162. 1972. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, La Libertad, 29 May 1933, C. L. Lundell 3474 (Holotype F 692287 (photos MEXU, PTBG)- Isotype MICH, n.v.). Randia subcordata (Standi.) Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 201. 1919. Basanacantha subcordata Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 133. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Buissons et bois des chemins a Nicoya, May 1900, A. Tonduz 13934 (Holotype US 861251 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, destroyed (fragment F, photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., LE, n.v. (fragment F, photo PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Randia monantha Benth. Randia tetracantha (Cav.) DC, Prodr. 4: 387. 1830. Mussaenda tetracantha Cav., Icon. PI. 4: 20, pi 435. 1799. Type: MEXICO: [Probably Guerrero], cerca Acapulco, Nee s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v. (photos F, MEXU, MO)). Basanacantha. Randia tetracantha Sesse 8c Moc., Pi. Nov. Hispan. 33. 1888 (La Naruraleza ser. 2, 1: app. 33. 1888). Not Randia tetracantha (Cav.) DC, 1830. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in montibus Haereditatis-Ahuesuyo, fl. Dec, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, tramera Loes., Verhandl. Bot. Ver. Brandenburg 65: 109. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Xkombec and Uxmal, E. Seler & C. Seler 4035 (Syntype B, presumably destroyed, GH, n.v.); E. Seler & C. Seler 5559a (Syntype B, presumably destroyed).— Randia truncata Greenm. & C H. Thomps. Randia texensis Lundell, Field & Lab. 13: 22. 1945. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Cameron County, about 5 miles north of Brownsville off Point Isabel road, 21 Sep 1943, C L. Lundell & A. A. Lundell 12456 (Holotype SMU, n.v.).— Randia obcordata S. Watson Randia thurberi S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 24: 53. 1889. Type: MEXICO: Sonora, Guayamas, 1887, Thurber in E. Palmer 229 (Holotype US 1393134 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes BM, US). Randia tomatillo Loes., Rep. Spec. Nov. 18: 360. 1922. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Puerto de Alvarado, and Isla de Sacrificios, E. Seler & C. Seler 4498 (Lectotype US 1205748, here designated; Isolectotypes B, destroyed; GH, n.v.). Same locality, E. Seler & C. Seler 5433 (Syntype B, destroyed). The US collection of Seler & Seler 4498 is a good fruiting ^ NOMENCLATOR OF & specimen and the best choice for lectotype. — Randia aculeata L. var. dasyclada Steyerm. Randia tomentosa S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 152. 1890. Not Randia I Wight & Arn., 1834, nor R i Hook., 1880. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey, Aug 1889, C. G. Pringle 2865 (Holotype GH, n. v.).— Randia capitata DC. Randia truncata Greenm. & C. H. Thomps., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 1: 411. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, vicinity of Izamal, 1895, G. F. Gaumer 713 (Holotype MO 46009 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Randia vazquezii Lorence & Dwyer, Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 46, fig. 3. 1987. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. de Jesus Carranza, Zona de Uxpanapa, 2 km N del Poblado 2, Ejido F. J. Mina, 17° 16'N, 94°40'W, 120 m, 23 May 1982, M. Vazquez T. & I. Navarrete 2520 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes CHAPA, PTBG). Randia watsonii B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 317. 1894 [as watsoni]. Based on Randia tomentosa S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 152. 1890. Not Randia tomentosa Wight & Arn., 1834, nor R. tomentosa Hook., 1880. Type: MEXICO: Nuevo Leon, Sierra de la Silla, near Monterrey, Aug 1889, C. G. Pringle 2865 (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Randia capitata DC. Randia xalapensis M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 239. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Xalapa, Cordillera, Jun-Oct 1840, H. Galeotti 7116 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes GH (label states "Galeotti s.n"), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Raritebe Wernham, J. Bot. 55: 336. 1917. Type: Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham Raritebe blumii (Dwyer) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 452. 1980. Dukea blumii Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 365. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Colon, around Dos Bocas, Rio Fato valley, 40-80 m, 16 Aug 1911,//. Pittier 4223 (Holotype MO 1227470 (photo PTBG)).— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Raritebe dariensis (Dwyer) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 453. 1980. Dukea dariensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 365. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Chepigana District, Cana-Cuasi Trail (Camp 2), 10 Mar 1940, M. E. Terry & R. A. Terry 14871 (Holotype MO 1 196543 (photo PTBG)).— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Raritebe euryphyllum (Standi.) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 453. 1980. Coussarea euryphylla Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 294. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista Camp on Chiriqui Trail, 375 m, 1928, G P. Cooper 228 (Holotype F 579282, n.v.). — Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr., Brittonia 31: 304. 1979. Type: PANAMA: Panama, on trail to Cerro Campana, 23 Aug 1967, J. H. Kirkbr ide, Jr. & S. M. V. Hay den 273 (Holotype MO 1917794 (photos MO, PTBG); Isotypes F, MO (photo PTBG)). Raritebe panamensis (Dwyer) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 454. 1980. Dukea panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 364. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe in Clusia rain forest, 3000 ft., E. L. Tyson, J. Dwyer & K. Blum 3326 (Holotype MO 2084467 (photo PTBG)).— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Raritebe trifoliatum (Dwyer & Hayden) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 455. 1980. Dukea trifoliata Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 139. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Valle, potato farm above village of El Valle, 12 Jul 1962, J. D. Dwyer 1933 (Holotype MO 3831231 (photo PTBG)).— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Raritebe victoriae (Dwyer) Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 456. 1980. Dukea victoriae Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 53: 364. 1966. Type: PANAMA: Darien, cloud forest, Cerro Pure, Oct 1962, J. A. Duke 6099 (Holotype MO 1832075 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)).— Raritebe palicoureoides Wernham subsp. dwyerianum J. H. Kirkbr. Raritebe viburnioides Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 56. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Cauca, La Gallera, Micay Valley, 1 Jul 1922, Killip 7934 (Holotype US, n.v.; fragment F, n.v.; Isotypes G, n.v., NY, n.v.).— Bertiera viburnoides (Standi.) J. H. Kirkbr. Ravnia Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 49. 1853. Type: Ravnia triflora Oerst. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hill ia Jacq. subg. Ravnia (Oerst.) C. M. Taylor.] Ravnia longifilamentosa Steyerm., Ceiba 3: 21. 1952. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, upper forested southern slopes of Quebrada Velo, vicinity of Finca Lerida, 5000 ft., 25 Jul 1947, P. H. Allen 4744 (Holotype F 1394241 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO, n.v.).— Hillia longifilamentosa (Steyerm.) C. M. Taylor Ravnia panamensis Steyerm., Ceiba 3: 22. 1952. Not Hillia panamensis Standi., 1921. Type: PANAMA: Code, North Hills, El Valle de Anton, 29 Jun 1946, P. H. Allen 3558 [collector erroneously omitted in protologue] (Holotype F 1394242 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO, n.v.).— Hillia allenii C. M. Taylor Ravnia pittieri Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 114. 1921. Type: COSTA RICA: Santa Clara, Jul 1899, H. Pittier 13461 (Holotype NY, n.v.). —Hillia triflora (Oerst.) C. M. Taylor var. pittieri (Standi.) C. M. Taylor Ravnia triflora Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 50. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Near Cartago and Candelaria, 6000-8000 ft., Oersted 11696 (Lectotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO, NY); designated by Standley, 1938).— Hillia triflora (Oerst.) C. M. Taylor var. triflora Relbunium Hook. f. in Benth. & Hook, f, Gen. PI. 2: 149. 1873. Type: Not designated. [Herein treated as a synonym of Galium L.] m aschenbornii (S. Schauer) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 62. 1881. Galium aschenbornii S. Schauer, Linnaea 20: 701. 1847. Type: MEXICO: Zimapan in Mexico, Aschenborn 92 (Holotype presumably BR or K, n.v.; probable fragment JE, n.v.). — Galium van (L.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 63. 1881. Valantia hypocarpia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1307. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Rubia I, Browne, Hist. Jamaica 141 (Holotype LINN, n.v.). • —Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. Relbunium laevigatum (DC.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 63. 1881. Rubia laevigata DC, Prodr. 4: 591. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumbly PR, n.v.).— Galium microphyllum A. Gray nazot arpwn Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 41: 250. 1905. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, moist banks, barranca below Trinidad Iron Works, 5500 ft., 6 May 1904, C. G. Pringle 8834 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MEXU, UC, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Galium sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster var. mazocarpum (Greenm.) Dempster Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 63. 1881. Galium microphyllum A. Gray, PI. Wright. 1 : 80. 1852. Type: U.S.A.: New Mexico, from western Texas to El Paso, New Mexico, May-Oct 1849, C. Wright 234 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photo PTBG)).— Galium microphyllum A. Gray Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) Hemsl. var. hispidulum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 470. 1898. Syntypes: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, valley of San Luis Potosi, Schaffner 842 (GH, n.v.). Region of San Luis Potosi, 1850-2460 m, Perry & Palmer 308 (GH, n.v). — Galium microphyllum A. Gray Relbunium microphyllum (A. Gray) Hemsl. var. setulosum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE 33: 470. 1898. Syntypes: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Zimapan, Coulter 186 (GH, n.v.); San Luis Potosi, region of San Luis Potosi, C. C. Perry & E. Palmer 309 (GH, n.v.), C. C. Perry & E. Palmer 310 (GH, n.v.).— Galium microphyllum A. Gray Relbunium polyplocum Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 53. 1880. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, without precise locality, 1878, C. C. Parry & E. Palmer 308 (Syntype US 19271 (photos MEXU, PTBG), K, n.v.). MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, Linden 516 (Syntype K, n.v.), Liebmann 243 (Syntype K, n.v.), Liebmann 244 (Syntype K, n.v.). — Galium microphyllum A. Gray m sphagnophilum Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 33: 468. 1898. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra de Clavellinas, 2270 m, 17 Oct 1894, C. G. Pringle 5812 (Holotype GH, n.v.).— Galium sphagnophilum (Greenm.) Dempster var. sphagnophilum Scheidw. Rhodostoma gardenioides Scheidw., Allgem. Gartenzeitung 10: 286. 1842. Type: Based on cultivated material of uncertain origin, presumably Veracruz, Mexico (type not designated). Palicourea. — Psychotria gardenioides (Scheidw.) Standi. Richardia L., Sp. PI. 1: 330. 1753. Type: Richardia scabra L. Richardia adscendens (Pav. ex DC.) Steud., Norn. Bot., ed. 2, 458. 1841. Richardsonia adscendens Pav. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 569. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Moricands.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)).— Richardia brasiliensis Gomes Richardia brasiliensis Gomes, Mem. Ipecacuanha Bras. 31, t. 2. 1801. Type: BRAZIL: Without precise locality, Gomes s.n. (Holotype LISU, n.v.). Richardia gandarae Rzed., Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 44: 11, fig. 2. 1983. Type: MEXICO: San Luis Potosi, Santa Maria del Rio, 1750 m, terrenos arenosos, 23 Jun 1954, / Rzedowsh 3168 (Holotype ENCB). Richardia haenkeana (DC.) Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 459. 1841. Richardsonia haenkeana DC, Prodr. 4: 569. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). — Richardia humistrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud. Richardia humistrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steud., Nom. Bot., ed. 2, 459. 1841. Richardsonia humistrata Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 353. 1828. Type: URUGUAY: Montevideo, in Brasihae meridionahs provincia Montevideo, Sellow s.n. (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (fragment F)). Richardia procumbens Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic, ed. 2, 83. 1894. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Ahualulci apricis, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Richardia scabra L. Richardia scabra L., Sp. PL 1: 330. 1753. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz (Lectotype LINN 451.1 (n.v.); for typification see Lewis & Oliver, 1974). Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 386. 1931. subsp. tricocca. Diodia tricocca Torr. & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 30. 1841. Type: U.S.A.: Texas, Drummond 117 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype G, n.v.). Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi, subsp. tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) W. H. Lewis & R. L. Oliv., Bnttonia 26: 287. 1974. Spermacoce tetracocca M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Bruxelles 11: 132. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Santa Maria, near Morelia, H. Galeotti 2587 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Richardsonia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PL 3: 350. 1819. [Herein treated as a synonym of Richardia L.] Richardsonia adscendens Pav. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 569. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Moricand s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)). Richardia.— Richardia ;\ (Gomes) Hayne, Getr. Darstell. Gew. 14: tab. 21. 1846. Richardia brasiliensis Gomes, Mem. Ipecacuanha Bras. 31, tab. 2. 1801. Type: BRAZIL: Without precise locality, Gomes s.n. (LISU, n.v.). — Richardia brasiliensis Gomes Richardsonia haenkeana DC., Prodr. 4: 569. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v). Richardia.— Richardia humistrata (Cham. & Schltdl.) Steudel Richardsonia humistrata Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 353. 1828. Type: URAGUAY: provincia Montevideo, Sellow s.n. (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (fragment F)). —Richardia humistrata (Cham.) Schltdl.) Steud. Richardsonia scabra (L.) A. St.-Hil., PI. Us. Bras. 8: 1. t. 8. 1824, p.p. Richardia scabra L., Sp. PL 1: 330. 1753. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, (Holotype LINN 451.1 (n.v.)). —Richardia scabra L. Richardsonia tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) K. Schum. ex Loes., Repert. Sp. Nov. 18:362. 1922. Spermacoce tetracocca M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Bruxelles 11: 132. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Santa Maria, near Morelia, H. Galeotti 2587 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Diodia. —Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi, subsp. tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) W. H. Lewis & R. L. Oliv. Richardsonia tetracocca var. calvescens Loes., Repert. Sp. Nov. 18: 362. 1922. Syntypes: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Schaffner 281 (K, n.v.); Schaffner 282 (K, n.v.). —Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi, subsp. tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) W. H. Lewis & R. L. Oliv. Rogiera Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442. 1849. Lectotype: Rogiera amoena Planch, (designated by Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982). [Herein treated as a synonym of Rondeletia L.l Rogiera amoena Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442, figs. 1, 2. 1849. Type: Based on plants cultivated in Belgium, presumably from Guatemalan seed (type not designated). —Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rogiera aprica (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia aprica Lundell, Contrib. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 54. 1942. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Saxchanal, Sierra Madre, 1-5 Jul 1941, E Matuda 4314 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F, MO, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia cordata Benth. Rogiera backhousii (Hook, f.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia backhousii Hook, f., Bot. Mag. 103: tab. 6290. 1877. Type: Based on material of unknown origin cultivated at Kew, obtained from the Backhouse establishment in York (type not designated). — Rondeletia backhousii Hook. f. Rogiera brachistantha (Standi. & Steyerm.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia brachistantha Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 25. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, Rio Vega, near San Rafael and Guatemala-Mexico boundary, Volcan Tacana, 2500-3000 m, 20 Feb 1940, J. A. Steyermark 36286 (Holotype F 1050045 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia cordata Benth. Rogiera chiapasensis (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 33: 301. 1987. Rondeletia chiapasensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 54. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cascarada, 31 Dec 1936, E. Matuda 1064 (Holotype MICH, n.v. (fragment F); chiapasensis (Standi.) Standi. & Steyerm. Rogiera cordata (Benth.) Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442b. 1849. Rondeletia cordata Benth., PI. Hartweg. 85. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: In praeruptis prope Guatemala [Guatemala City], Jan 1841, T. Hartweg 585 (Holotype K (photo PTBG); Isotype G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F)).— Rondeletia cordata Benth. A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Rogiera ehrenbergii (K. Schum. ex Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982. Rondeletia ehrenbergii K. Schum. ex Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 50. 1918. Type: GUATEMALA: Totonocapan, Ehrenberg 1033 (Holotype US 594426 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US)).— Rondeletia gratissima Planch. & Linden Rogiera elegans Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442. 1849. Type: Based on cultivated material grown in Belgium of Guatemalan origin (type not designated).— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rogiera gratissima Planch. & Linden, Fl. Serr. Jard. 15: 133, and unnumbered figure. 1864. Type: Based on cultivated material grown in Belgium brought from Chiapas, Mexico, by Ghiesbreght (type not designated). Note: two collections at K ["From the garden of Sir C. W. Strickland, Reed. Apl. 1897," and "Hort. Kew 1879"] are not types. Rogiera intermedia (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982. Rondeletia intermedia Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 26. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Linden 1661 (Lectotype K (photo PTBG), here designated; Isolectotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia cordata Benth. Rogiera langlassei (Standi.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982. Rondeletia langlassei Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 53. 1918. Type: MEXICO: [Michoacan or Guerrero], Sierra Madre, 1750 m, 26 Jan 1899, E. Langlasse 797 (Holotype US 386194 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (fragment F), G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), K (photo PTBG), P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rogiera latifolia (Oerst.) Decne., Rev. Hortic, ser. 4, 2: 121. 1853. Rondeletia latifolia Oerst., Vidensk Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 43. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: In monte Pantasmo, in Segovia, Jan 1848, Oersted 76 [=Plantae Centroamericanae Oersted 11678] (Holotype presumably C, n.v.; Isotypes K (photo PTBG), US (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rogiera ligustroides (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982. Rondeletia ligustroides Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 26. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Botteri 971 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes P (2 sheets, photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Bourgeau 2518 (K (photo PTBG), P (3 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Region d'Orizaba, Bourgeau 2622 (K (photo PTBG), B (n.v.; fragment F), F, K (photo PTBG), P (4 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets)). Orizaba, Botteri 474 (K, 2 sheets: label on first states "coll. Salle," second states "Sumichrast coll."; photos PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG). Orizaba, Botteri 1951 (K, n.v., P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG). Orizaba, Muller 969 (K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG). Orizaba, Muller 1308 (K, n.v.). The K sheet of Botteri 971 is selected as lectotype because it has three leafy twigs, an abundance of flowers at anthesis, and two duplicates at P.— Rondeletia ligustroides Hemsl. Rogiera menechma Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442. 1849. Type: Based on cultivated material grown in Belgium, of Guatemalan origin (type not designated). Rogiera pittieri (K. Schum. & K. Krause) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 67. 1982. Rondeletia pittieri K. Schum. & K. Krause ex K. Schum., Bot. Jahrb. 40: 316. 1908. Type: COSTA RICA: Bords du Rio Poros, 2000 m, 10 Jan 1890, H. Pittier & T. Durand 1729 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rogiera roezlii Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442. 1849. Type: Based on cultivated material grown in Belgium, probably of Guatemalan origin (type not designated).— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rogiera seleriana (Loes.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 31 1. 1989. Rondeletia seleriana Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 65: 105. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Nenton Distr., near Chacula, E. Seler & C. Seler 3015 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US), fragment F). —Rondeletia gratissima (Planch. & Linden) Hemsl. Rogiera stenosiphon (Hemsl.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982. Rondeletia stenosiphon Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 26. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan and Tabasco, without precise locality, E. P. Johnson s.n. (Holotype K (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia stenosiphon Hemsl. Rogiera strigosa (Benth.) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982. Bouvardia strigosa Benth., PI. Hartweg. 75. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango, [Volcan] Zunil, Nov., T. Hartweg 530 (Lectotype K (photo PTBG), here designated; Isolectotypes G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P (photos F, MEXU, MO, PTBG), W, n.v. (photos F, MO)). Syntype: GUATEMALA: Volcan de Fuego, 6000-6400 ft., Salvin s.n. (K (photo PTBG, fragment F)). The K specimen of Hartweg 530 is the better choice for lectotype, with duplicates in three other herbaria. —Rondeletia strigosa (Benth.) Hemsl. Rogiera subscandens (Lundell) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Hung. 35: 31 1. 1989. Rondeletia subscandens Lundell, Wrightia 5: 328. 1976. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, La Cumbre, about 500 m west of km 142/143 of the Cadenas Road, 10 Sep 1976, C. L. Lundell & E. Contreras 19830 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isorypes F (photo PTGB), K (photo PTBG)).-Rondeletia subscandens Lundell Rogiera suffrutescens (Brandegee) Borhidi, Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 28: 67. 1982. Rondeletia suffrutescens Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, Aug 1913, C. A. Purpus 6704 (Holotype UC 172451, n.v.'; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia suffrutescens Brandegee Rogiera versicolor (J. Sm.) Lindl. & Paxton, Paxton Fl. Gard. 2: 69. July 1851. Rondeletia versicolor]. Sm., Bot. Mag. 7: tab. 4579. 1851. Type: Based on cultivated material grown at Kew sent by Seemann from Boquete, Veraguas, Panama (type not designated).— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Ronabea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 154; 2 (Index): 26, t. 59. 1775. Type: Ronabea latifolia Aubl. [Herein treated as a synonym of Psychotria L.] Ronabea erecta Aubl, Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 156. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In sylvis Oyao, Orapu, Sinemari, Aublet s.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.).— Psychotria erecta (Aubl.) Standi. & Steyerm. Rondeletia L., Sp. PL 1: 172. 1753. Lectotype: Rondeletia americana L. (Designated by Howard, 1989.) Rondeletia acuminata (Oerst. ex Standi.) Lorence & Cast.-Campos, Biotica 13: 147. 1988. Sommera acuminata Oerst. ex Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 340. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Amatlan, F. Liebmann 11712 (Holotype C, n.v. (photo MEXU); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. — Rondeletia scabra Hemsl. Rondeletia aetheocalymna Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 42: 298. 1906. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, trail between Sepacuite and Secanquim, 550-1000 m, 14 Jan 1905, W. R. Maxon & R. Hay 3275 (Holotype US 473244 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia affinis Hemsl., Diag. PI. Mex. 28. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Zongolica [Sierra de Zongolica], Jun 1866, Sumichrast [sub Botteri 1017] (Lectotype K, here designated; Isolectotypes K (photo PTBG), P (2 sheets, photos MEXU, MO, PTBG)). Syntypes: MEXICO: Chiapas, Ghiesbreght 686 (K (photo PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO). COSTA RICA: Endres 226 (K). PANAMA: Veraguas, Seemann 1594 A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE (K). The K specimen of Sumichrast sub Botteri 1017 is the best choice for lectotype and has duplicates in two other herbaria. — Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Rondeletia albida Lundell, Wrightia 5: 323. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Carelas, near Motozintla, 2176, Apr 1945, E. Matuda 5509 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MEXU, TEX-LL).— Rondeletia laniflora Benth. Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl., Diag. PI. Mex. 26. 1879. Rogiera amoena Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442, figs 1, 2. 1849. Type: Based on plants cultivated in Belgium, presumably from Guatemalan seed (type not designated). Rondeletia aprica Lundell, Contrib. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 54. 1942. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Saxchanal, Sierra Madre, in advanced forest, 1-5 Jul 1941, E. Matuda 4314 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F, MO, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rogiera. —Rondeletia cordata Benth. Rondeletia aspera Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 54. 1918. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Pont du Rodeo, Pacacol (Villa Colon), Jan 1891, H. Pittier 3243 (Holotype US 941408 (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia atravesadensis Lorence, Novon 1: 137, fig 1A, B. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cerro Atravesada-Cerro Azul, Arroyo Rana, 6 Dec 1956, T. MacDougall s.n. (Holotype MEXU 253128 (photo PTBG)). Rondeletia backhousii Hook.f, Bot. Mag. 103: tab. 6290. 1877. Based on material of unknown origin cultivated at Kew, obtained from the Backhouse establishment in York (type not designated). Rogiera.— Status uncertain, resembles Rondeletia panamensis DC. but is nearly glabrous. Rondeletia belizensis Standi., Carnegie Inst. Wash. Publ. 461: 91. 1935. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): Jacinto Hills, 300 ft-, 28 Aug 1933, W. A. Schipp 1201 (Holotype F 683600 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., K (photo PTBG), MO). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia belizensis Standi, var. longiloba Lundell, Wrightia 5: 323. 1976. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Rubelsanto, 2.3 km SEE [=ESE] of Balastrera, 20 Jul 1975, C. L. Lundell & E. Contreras 19545 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MO (photo PTBG)).— Rondeletia belizensis Standi. Rondeletia bertieroides Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 267. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista Camp, Chiriqui Trail, 900 m, 1928, G. P. Cooper 598 (Yale 1223 1 ) (Holotype F 579614 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia bourgaei Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 56. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Region de Orizaba, Monte San Cristobal, 8 Jul 1866, E. Bourgeau 2618 (Holotype US 49964 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes P (4 sheets, photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. —Rondeletia laniflora Benth. Rondeletia brachistantha Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 25. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, Rio Vega, near San Rafael and Guatemala-Mexico boundary, Volcan Tacana, 2500-3000 m, 20 Feb 1940, J. A. Steyermark 36286 (Holotype F 1050045 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rogiera. —Rondeletia cordata Benth. Rondeletia brandegeeana Lorence, Novon 1 : 138. 1991. Based on Otocalyx chiapensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif Publ. Bot. 6: 69. 1914. Not Rondeletia chiapasensis Standi.. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, middle region, moist valley slopes, Aug 1913, C. ^4. Purpus 7041 (Holotype UC 173047 (photo PTBG); Isotypes GH, US (fragment)). Rondeletia breedlovei Lorence. Novon 4: 129. fig. 6. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mun. of Tenejapa, paraje of Mahben Chauk, on slopes along the Tana Te* River near Shal K'esh, 2900 ft., 27 Nov 1964, D. E. Breedlove 7682 (Holotype F 1617735 (photo PTBG); Isotype CAS (photo PTBG)). nesii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1370. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: Camino de San Ramon a La Calera, 20 Mar 1929, A. M. Brenes 6757 (Holotype F 854972 (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia buddleioides Benth., PI. Hartweg. 69. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, inplanitie Llano Verde, T. Hartweg 502 (Holotype K (photo PTBG)); Isotypes B (destroyed, photo MO, fragment G-DEL), K (photo PTBG), NY, n.v. (fragment US, photos MEXU, PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. var. aspera J. H. Kirkbr., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 379. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, between Criollo (just above Buena Vista) and Quebrada Higueron on Chiriqui Trail, 1 8 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 780 (Holotype MO 1942973 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US). Arachnothryx. —Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Rondeletia calycosa Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 56: 59. 1913. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, forets de La Palma, 1460 m, 25 Sep 1898, A. Tonduz 11633 (Holotype US no 941406 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl., Diag. PI. Mex. 28. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Jurgensen 355 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes G- DEL, n.v. (fragment F), K (photo PTBG). Syntypes: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Joya, F. Liebmann 202 (K (photo PTBG)). MEXICO: Without precise locality, Jurgensen 376 (K (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx. The K sheet of Jurgensen 355 is very floriferous and represents the best choice for lectotype. Note: Rondeletia capitellata and R. liebmannii Standi, are synonymous. Material from Veracruz and Hidalgo erroneously identified as R. capitellata in many herbaria actually represents a distinct species, R. pringlei Rondeletia chaconii Lorence in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 296. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Magsasay, pasturas, bosque socolado, finca de Bernardo Gomez, 700 m, 1 Jan 1983, /. C. Chacon 177 (Holotype CR 92850; Isotype MO). Rondeletia chiapasensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 54. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cascarada, 31 Dec 1936, E. Matuda 1064 (Holotype MICH, n.v. (fragment F); Isotype A, n.v.). Rogiera. — Gonzalagunia chiapasensis (Standi.) Standi. & Steyerm. Rondeletia chinajensis Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 254. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cerro Chinaja, between Finca Yalpemech and Chinaja, above source of Rio San Diego, 150-700 m, 1-2 Apr 1942, J. A. Steyermark 45637 (Holotype F 1 134210 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia chiriquiana Lorence, Novon 4: \29, fig. 7. 1994. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Fortuna Dam area, along shores of Rio Chiriqui where it enters reservoir, 1000 m, 8°45'N, 82°13'W, 2 Aug 1984, H. W. Churchill 5924 (Holotype MO 3595277 (photo PTBG)). Rondeletia cooperi Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 4: 267. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, Buena Vista Camp, on Chiriqui Trail, 1250 ft., Jan-Mar 1928, G. P. Cooper 600 (Yale 12233) (Holotype F 579596 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia cordata Benth., PI. Hartweg. 85. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: In praeruptis prope Guatemala [Guatemala City], Jan 1841, T. Hartweg 585 (Holotype K (photo PTBG); Isotype G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F)). Rogiera. Rondeletia cordovana Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 26. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: Zacapa, in ravine bordering Quebrada Alejandria, summit of Sierra de las Minas, vicinity of Finca Alejandra, 2500 m, 13 Oct 1939, J. A. Steyermark 29906 (Holotype F 1042952 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos A NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL / MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia brandegeeana Lorence Rondeletia cornifolia Benth., PL Hartweg. 39. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, prope Morelia, T. Hartweg 299 (Holotype K (photo MEXU); Isotypes BM, G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG), US (fragment, photos MEXU, PTBG), W (2 sheets, photos PTBG)). Choristes.— Deppea cornifolia (Benth.) Benth. Rondeletia costaricensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 61. 1918. Type: COSTA RICA: Buena Vista, San Carlos, 900 m, Apr 1903, H. Pittier 16696 (Holotype US 764141 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (fragment F), US). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia darcyi Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 467. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, road bank just W of Portobelo, 12 Apr 1970, W. G.D'Arcy 4079 (Holotype MO 2238438 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia secunda Standi. Rondeletia dariensis Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 53. 1918. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Boca de Paurando, on Sambu River, southern Darien, 20 m, Feb 1912,//. Pittier 5684 (Holotype US 867136 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG, US); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), US (2 sheets)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia deamii (Donn. Sm.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 60. 1918. Bouvardia deamii Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 49: 455. 1910. Type: GUATEMALA: Guatemala, at base of Rillo de las Nabajas, about 3 A mile front side of Fiscal, 3700 ft., 5 Jun 1909, C. C Deam 6190 (Holotype US 579579 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia dubia Hemsl., Diag. PL Mex. 28. 1879. Based on Bouvardia discolor Hook. & Am., Bot. Beechy Voy. 428. 1840. Not Rondeletia discolor Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, 1820. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Inter Tehuantepec et Voca [Boca] del Monte, in dit. Oaxaca, maxime [?] australi, Sept., O. Andrieux 334 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P, (photos MEXU, PTBG), W, n.v. (photos F, MO)). Syntype: MEXICO: Sierra Madre, N. W. of Mexico, Seemann 2057 (K (photo PTBG)). The K sheet of Andrieux 334 is richly flowering and has duplicates in three other herbaria. — Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Rondeletia dukei Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 144. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Pirre, 24 May 1966, J. A. Duke 8329 (Holotype MO, i sheet (photo PTBG)).— V stanleyanus (R. H. Schomb.) Kuntze 1991. Based on Chomelia leucophylla Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 98. fig. 21. 1980. Not Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, 1820. Type: PANAMA: Darien, slopes of Cerro Chucula, drainage of Rio Pavarando, 1 1 Feb 1972, A. Gentry 4262 (Holotype MO 2097508; Isotype MO 2161959). Rondeletia edwardsii Standi., Trop. Woods 37: 31. 1934. Type: HONDURAS: Comayagua, Pito Solo, Lake Yojoa, 2000 ft., 29 Aug 1932, J. B. Edwards P476 (Holotype F 662645 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia eherenbergii K. Schum. ex Standi., N. Amer. FL 32: 50. 1918. Type: GUATEMALA: Totonocapan, Ehrenberg 1033 (Holotype US 594426 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US)). Rogiera. —Rondeletia gratissima Planch. & Linden Rondeletia elongata Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 409. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, ad Acapulco, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.; Isotype W, n.v. (photos F, MO)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Rondeletia evansii Lorence, Novon 7: 52, fig. 4. 1997. Type: HONDURAS: Dept. Lempira, Parque Nacional de Celaque, sendero entre la planta electrica y la pnmera casa abandonada deDonTomas, U^H, 88°40'W, 1800 m, 28 Jan 1992, P. House 1163 (Holotype PTBG 16112; Isotypes EAP, n.v., HEH, n.v., MO, TEFH, n.v.). Rondeletia falciformis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 324. 1976. Type: HIDALGO: Km 332 of Mexico City-Laredo highway, above Chapulhuacan, 3800 ft., 13 Jul 1943, C. L. Lundell 12234 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), K (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx. — Rondeletia heteranthera Brandegee Rondeletia galeottii Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 59. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, H. Galeottis.n. (Holotype US 454830 (photos MEXU, PTBG); probable Isotypes [labels state "Chinantla, 1844, fl. Juillet, Galeotti 2684C] F, P, n.v. (fragment F)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia ginetteae Lorence, Novon 1: 141, fig. 2A-G. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Tuxtepec, Ruta 175 Tuxtepec to Oaxaca, ca. 10 km S of Valle Nacional, Sierra de Juarez, 750 m, 6 Dec 1980, D. H. Lorence & R. Cedilla T. 2973 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MO). Rondeletia gonzaleoides Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 160. 1930. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Pueblo Nuevo [Solistahuacan], 2200 m, 1840, J. Linden 149 (Holotype LE, n.v. (fragment F, photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype K [label states "forets humides de Sulusuchiapas"] (photo PTBG, fragment F), probable isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia gracilis Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 53. 1880. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Vera Paz, 3600 ft., March 1879, H. von Tuerckheim 404 (Holotype K (photo PTBG)). Rondeletia gracilispica Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 342. 1931. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Talea, etc., 1843^14, C. Jurgensen 935 (Holotype K (photos F, PTBG, US), fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. i gratissima (Planch. & Linden) Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 25. 1879. Rogiera gratissima Planch. & Linden, Fl. Serr. Jard. 15: 133, and unnumbered figure. 1864. Type: Based on cultivated material grown in Belgium brought from Chiapas, Mexico by Ghiesbreght (type not designated). Note: two collections at K ["From the garden of Sir C. W. Strickland, Reed. Apl. 1897," and "Hort. Kew 1879"] are not types. Rondeletia guerrerensis Lorence, Novon 1 : 143, fig. 8C, D. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Mun. de Atoyac de Alvarez, a 23.5 km al NE de El Paraiso, camino Atoyac- Puerto del Gallo, 1700 m, 22 Nov 1983, E. Martinez S. & F. Barrie 5596 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes BM, CAS, CHAPA, F, MO, PTBG). Rondeletia hameliifolia Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 144. 1967 [as hamelifolia]. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Santiago, Aug 1961, J. D. Dwyer 1350 (Holotype MO 1824657 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia heteranthera Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 4: 387. 1913. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Banos del Carrizal, Aug 1912, C. A. Purpus 6184 [as 6148 in protologue] (Holotype UC 155217, n.v.; Isotypes F, MO). Arachnothyx. Rondeletia hondurensis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 27: 335. 1899. Type: HONDURAS: Santa Barbara, Rio Chamelecon, 300 m, Dec 1888, C. Thieme 5267 (Holotype US 943502 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Javorkaea. Rondeletia intermedia Hemsl., Diag. Pi. Nov. Mexic. 26. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, a fleurs rouges, forets de pins de Chiapas, Linden 1661 (Lectotype K, here designated; Isolectotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG; fragment F). Syntypes: MEXICO: Chiapas, Pueblo Nuevo, fl. blanches-rouges avec extremites, fevrier 1840, Linden 1659 (K), G- DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P (photos MEXU, PTBG; fragment F)). MEXICO: Oaxaca, \. NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Sierra de San Pedro Nolasco, Jurgensen 798 (K (photo PTBG)). A probable isolectotype at P [Linden s.n. (fragment F)] annotated "fleurs rosatres" has corolla tubes 6-7 mm long and is likely a duplicate of Linden 1661 at K. A probable syntype at P annotated "fleurs rouges" has corolla tubes 5-7 mm long and larger leaves, and is likely a duplicate of Linden 1659 at K. The Linden 1661 specimen at K is selected as lectotype, because it has more leaves, inflorescences, and young fruit. Hemsley noted that this species was intermediate between R. amoena and R. cordata, but the original material has sparsely pubescent lower leaf surfaces and is clearly synonymous with R. cordata. In the Flora of Guatemala Rubiaceae treatment Standley & Williams (1975) also treated this species as a synonym of R. cordata Benth. Rogiera. — Rondeletia cordata Benth. Rondeletia izabalensis Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 286. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Escoba, across the bay (west) from Puerto Barrios, near sea level, 3 May 1939, P. C. Standley 72891 (Holotype F 99161 1 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia jurgensenii Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 29. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality [protologue states "Oaxaca, Sierra de San Pedro Nolasco"], Jurgensen 248 (Holotype K (photo PTBG); Isotype G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F, label states "Trapiche de Concepcion and Chicahuastla, Jun 1845")). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia kirkbridei Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 469. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, 16 km NW of Santa Fe, on road to Calovebora (Panama Hwy. 35), 300-500 m, 16 May 1975, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 6112 (Holotype MO 2300094 (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondletia bertieroides Standi. Rondeletia langlassei Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 53. 1918. Type: MEXICO: [Michoacan or Guerrero] Sierra Madre, 1750 m, 26 Jan 1899, E Langlasse 797 (Holotype US 386194 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (fragment F), G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), K (photo PTBG), P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rogiera. —Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rondeletia laniflora Benth., PI. Hartw. 85. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: Mountains of Las Nubes, March 1841, T Hartweg 584 (Holotype K (photo PTBG), fragment US (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO, US), G- DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), W, n.v. (photo F)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia latifolia Oerst., Vidensk Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 43. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: In monte Pantasmo in Segovia, Jan 1848, Oersted 76 [=Plantae centroamericanae Oersted 11678] (Holotype C, n.v.; Isotypes K (photo PTBG), US (photo PTBG)). Rogiera.— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rondeletia leptodicfta B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 402. 1910. Type: MEXICO: [Boundary between Michoacan and Guerrero], Rives du Rio Petatlan, 500 m, 24 Nov 1898, E. Langlasse 666 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), G- DEL, n.v. (fragment F), K (photo PTBG), P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG; fragment F), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. —Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 395, t. 290. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, inter Alto del Peregrino et flumen Papagallo, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P- Bonpland, n.v.; Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth var. calycosa Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39: 92. 1903. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, 1650 m, Dec 1900, C. Conzatti & V. Gonzalez 1127 (Syntype GH, n.v.); Oaxaca, city of Oaxaca, 1550 m, C. Conzatti 970 (Syntype GH, n.v.).— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Rondeletia liebmannii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 336. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, 1841^3, F. Liebmann 11834 (Holotype US 1315231 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes C, n.v. (photo F), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothyx.— Rondeletia capitellata Hemsl. Rondeletia ligustroides Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 26. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Botteri 971 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes P (2 sheets, photos MEXU, PTBG). Syntypes: MEXICO: Veracruz, Orizaba, Bourgeau 2518 (K (photo PTBG), P (3 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Region d'Orizaba, Bourgeau 2622 (K (photo PTBG), B (n.v.; fragment F), F, K (photo PTBG), P (4 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets)). Orizaba, Botteri 474 (K (2 sheets [label on first states "coll. Salle"; second states "Sumichrast coll."] photos PTBG)), P (photos MEXU, PTBG). Orizaba, Botteri 1951 (K, n.v., P (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG). Orizaba, Muller 969 (K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG). Orizaba, Muller 1308 (K, n.v.). Botteri 971 at K is selected as lectotype because it has three leafy twigs with an abundance of flowers at anthesis, and three duplicates exist at P. Rogiera. Rondeletia linguiformis Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov Mexic. 29. 1879. Type: GUATEMALA: Without precise locality, Skinner s.n. in 1857 (Holotype K (photo PTBG)). Arachnothnw. Rondeletia longipetiolata Lundell, Wrightia 5: 325. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, near Escuintla, 14 Nov 1945, E. Matuda 6146 (Holotype TEX-LL; Isotypes MEXU, TEX-LL). Arachnothryx. —Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Rondeletia lundelliana Standi., Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 31. 1940. Type: BRITISH HONDURAS (BELIZE): El Cayo District Vaca, 2 1 Apr 1 93 8, P. H. Gentle 2504 (Holotype F 941520 (photos MEXU, PTBG)- Isotypes A, n.v., K (photo PTBG), TEX-LL ' ex MICH (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. — Rondeletia stenosiphon Hemsl. Rondeletia macdougallii Lorence, Novon 1: 144, fig. 3A, B. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cerro Azul (top), N of Niltepec, 7000 ft., 7 Mar 1956, T. MacDougall s.n. (Holotype MEXU 253131 (photo PTBG)). Rondeletia macrocalyx Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 254. 1947. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Cerro San Gil, 300-900 m, 25 Dec 1941, J. A. Steyermark 41864 (Holotype F 1 134224 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG), US). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia manantlanensis Lorence, Novon 1: 145, fig. 4 A, B. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Mun. de Autlan, Canada del Laurelito, Las Joyas, 1850 m, 7 Dec 1985, A. Vazquez 3750 (Holotype WIS (photo PTBG); Isotype IBUG, n.v.). Rondeletia megalantha Lorence, Novon 4: U2,fig. 8. 1994. Type: HONDURAS: Cuyamel, 23 Aug 1924, M. A. Carleton 653 (Holotype US 1208409; Isotype US 1208410). Rondeletia mexiae Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 55. 1940. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. Choapan, Santa Maria, Montana Santa Maria, 1500 m, 1 Apr 1938, Y. Mexia 9261 (Holotype F 982856 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), UC (photo PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia scabra Hemsl. Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 388. 1940. Siphonandra mexicana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21: 581. 1848. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, 3000 ft., Oct, H. Galeotti 2664bis (Holotype G-DEL, n.v. (photos F, MO, US); Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG; fragment F, photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rondeletia microdon DC, Prodr. 4: 408. 1830. Type: CUBA: Havana, de la Ossa s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC 800.69 1 111.7,8)).— Psychotria microdon (DC.) Urb. i NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Rondel etia minor Lundell, Wrightia 5: 326. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, about 10 miles north of Teziutlan, 6 Jan 1964, D. S. Correil & H. B. Correll 28736 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype MEXU). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia gracilispica Standi. Rondeletia monteverdensis Lorence, Novon 1 : 147, fig. 5 A, B. 1991. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Monteverde, road to TV tower, 1700 m, 24 Aug 1985, W. A. Haber 2340 (Holotype MO 3595758 (photo PTBG)). Rondeletia myriantha Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 288. 1940. var. myriantha. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez, Finca Moca, 3200 ft., 31 Oct 1934, A. F. Skutch 1569 (Holotype F 813463 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia myriantha Standi. & Steyerm. var. armentalis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 127. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, Nebaj, 5600 ft., 22 Nov 1934, A. F. Skutch 1 776 (Holotype F 8 1 58 1 1 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia nebulosa Standi., Trop. Woods 37: 32. 1934. Type: HONDURAS: Tegucigalpa, La Aurora Trail, Rosario, San Juancito, 5400 ft., 2 Apr 1932, J. B. Edwards PI0 (Holotype F 662646 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype A, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia nicaraguensis Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 43. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Matagalpa, Segovia, in monte Pantasmo, Jan 1848, Oersted 11825 (Holotype C, n.v. (photos F, MO, US; fragment US)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia nitida Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 29. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, fl. rosatres, forets des pins, en fevr, Linden 1660 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG): Isolectotypes G-DEL (n.v.; fragment F), P (unnumbered Linden collection, almost certainly a duplicate; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntype: MEXICO: Chiapas, Ghiesbreght 728 (K (photo PTBG), GH, n.v.). Arachnothryx. The Linden 1660 collection at K is designated lectotype, because it has abundant flowers, and duplicates exist in two other herbaria. Arachnothryx. Rondeletia oaxacana Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11:255. 1936. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, 3000 ft., Oct, H. Galeotti 2664bis (Holotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG), fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Norn, superfl. for and based on same type as Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi. Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi. Rondeletia odorata Jacq., Enum. PI. 16. 1760. Type: CUBA: Havanna, coastal thickets, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). Cultivated in Rondeletia odorata Jacq. var. breviflora Hook. f, Curtis Bot. Mag. 104, tab. 6350. 1878. Type: CUBA: Collector and locality unknot n (presumably K, n.v.). Reported by Kirkbride (1969) to occur in Panama. — Rondeletia odorata Jacq. Rondeletia ovandensis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 326. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mt. Ovando, near Escuintla, 24 Oct 1941, E. Matuda 6067 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photo PTBG), MEXU, TEX-LL, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia panamensis DC, Prodr. 4: 408. 1830. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype PR, n.v., fragment G-DC n.v. (microfiche 4: 408, 8)). Rondeletia pansamalana Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32- 58. 1918. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Pansamala, 3800 ft., Apr 1886, H. von Tuerckheim 897 (Holotype US 49985 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia phvllocephala Standi. & L. O. Williams. Ceiba 3: 63. 1952. Type: HONDURAS: Cortes, faldas humedas de Montana Sta. Ana, matorrales humedos de Rio Sta. Ana, 210 m. 6 Dec 1950, A. Molina R. 3608 (Holotype US 2216049 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG, US), MO).— Rondeletia thiemei Donn. Sm. Rondeletia pittieri K. Schum. & K. Krause ex K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 40: 316. 1908. Type: COSTA RICA: Bords du Rio Poros, 2000 m, 10 Jan 1890, H. Pittier & T Durand 1729 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rogiera.— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rondeletia platysepala Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 343. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Code, El Valle, North Rim, 600-1000 m, 14 May 1939, P. H. Allen 1791 (Holotype F 989484 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), G, n.v., GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), NY, n.v.). Arachnothryx. — Rondeletia bertieroides Standi. Rondeletia polycephala Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 337. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, F. Liebmann 11826 (Holotype C, n.v. (fragment US; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi. Rondeletia povedae Lorence in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana Bot., n.s. 33: 299. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Santa Rosa de Puriscal, 17 Jan 1973, L. J. Poveda 441 (Holotype CR 51260; Isotype MO 2211249). Rondeletia pringlei Lorence, Novon 7: 54, fig. 5. 1997. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, hills near Orizaba, 5000 ft., 9 Feb 1895, C G. Pringle 6135 (Holotype GH; Isotypes K, MEXU, MO, WU). Rondeletia purpurea Lorence, Novon 1: 148, fig. 6A-F, 7 A, B. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Ixtlan, Sierra de Juarez, Ruta 175 Tuxtepec a Oaxaca, a 5 km al N. de Vista Hermosa, 1 175 m, 14 Apr 1982, D. H. Lorence & R. Torres C. 4009 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes BM, F, MO PTBG). Rondeletia pyramidalis Lundell, Wrightia 5: 327. 1976. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, San Luis, near Siltepec, 1300 m, 24 Jan 1945, E. Matuda 5292 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, MEXU, TEX-LL, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia rekoi Standi., Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 8: 126. 1918. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Las Pilas (Cerro Espino), 400 m, 10 Oct 1917, B. P. Reko 3490 (Holotype US 867145 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia repens L., Syst., ed. 10, 2: 928. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Sloanes.n. (Lectotype: Sloane herb, iv.l 1 1, n.v.; designated by Howard, 1989).— Geophila repens (L.) I. M. Johnst. Rondeletia ricoi Lorence, Novon 1: 152, fig. 8E, F, 9 A, B. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Putla de Guerrero, a 10 km al NE de Putla, 950 m, 9 Dec 1982, L. Rico A., E. M. Martinez & O. Tellez V. 566 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes BM, F, MO, PTBG). Rondeletia roezlii (Planch.) Hemsl., Diag. Pi. Nov. Mexic. 25. 1879. Rogiera roezlii Planch., Fl. Serr. Jard. 5: tab. 442. 1849. Type: Based on cultivated material grown in Belgium, probably of Guatemalan origin (type not designated). — Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rondeletia rothschuhii Loes., Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 60: 369. 1926. Type: NICARAGUA: Matagalpa, Canada Yucul, 1000 m, Rothschuh 592 (B, presumably destroyed (photos F, MO; fragment F)).— Rondeletia buddleioides Benth. Rondeletia rubens L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 128. 1973. Type: GUATEMALA: Quiche, Nebaj, 6000 ft., 19 Nov 1934, A. F. Skutch 1725 (Holotype F 815804 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia rufescens B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 402. 1910. Type: GUATEMALA: Aha Verapaz, Coban, 4800 ft., Mar 1881,//. von Tuerckheim 582 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F, K (photo PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia gracilis Hemsl. Rondeletia rufescens B. L. Rob. var. ovata B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 403. 1910. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Tactic, 1800 m, Mar 1903, H. von Tuerckheim 8401 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes F (2 sheets), US ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rondeletia gracilis Hemsl. Rondeletia rugosa Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 43. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Cartago, 5600 ft., Oersted s.n. [=Plantae I Oersted 11828] (Holotype ; Isotype US (photo PTBG)). a (Planch.) Hemsl. Rondeletia rzedowskii Lorence, Novon 1: 154, fig. 10. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Guerrero, Mun. de Atoyac, Puerto de la Piedra Acanalada, 1930 m, 6 Jan 1984, Laboratorio de Biogeografia 867 (Holotype MEXU 364217 (photo PTBG); Isotypes FCME, MEXU (photo PTBG)). Rondeletia salicifolia Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 58. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe in Clusia forest at 2700-3000 ft., 27 Jan 1966, E. L. Tyson, J. D. Dwyer & K. Blum 3319 (Holotype MO 1824503 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F, US (photos MEXU, MO)). Arachnothryx. ^Rondeletia bertieroides Standi. Rondeletia salicifolia Dwyer & Hayden subsp. brevicorolla J. H. Kirkbr., Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 55: 383. 1968. Type: PANAMA: Bocas del Toro, cloud forest above Quebrada Huron on Cerro Bonyik, 166-400 m, 13 Apr 1968, J. H. Kirkbride, Jr. & J. A. Duke 597 (Holotype MO 1946832 (photo PTBG); Isotypes NY, n.v., US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia bertieroides Standi. Rondeletia scabra Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 29. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Talea etc., C. Jurgensen 926 (Holotype K (photo PTBG)). Rondeletia schumanniana K. Krause, Bot. Jahrb. 40: 315. 1908. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Mar 1906, J. von Warszewicz 1168 (B, presumably destroyed (photo F; fragment F))— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rondeletia scoti Lorence, Novon 1: 155, fig. 8 A, B. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, La Glorieta-Rio Grande (N slope), 12 Mar 1953, T. MacDougall s.n. (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes MO, PTBG). Rondeletia s Herb. 18: 1 Bias, forests around Puerto Obaldia, San Bias Coast, 0-50 m, Aug 191 1, H. Pittier 4279 (Holotype US 679392 (photos F, MEXU, PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia secundiflora B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 403. 1910. Type: GUATEMALA: In woods along road from Patin to Escuintla, 21 Jul 1860, S. Hayes s.n (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype K (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia seleriana Loes., Verh. Bot. Ver. Brandenb. 65: 105. 1923. Type: GUATEMALA: Huehuetenango, Nenton Distr., near Chacula, E. Seler & C. Seler 3015 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos F. MO, US), fragment F). Rogiera.— Rondeletia gratissima (Planch. & Lindl.) Hemsl. Rondeletia septicidalis B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 403. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Chicharras, 3000-6000 ft., 6 Feb 1896, E. W. Nelson 3755 (Holotype US 256722 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia silvicola L. O. Williams. Phytologia 26: 128. 1973. Type: HONDURAS: Atlantida, Lancetilla Valley, near Tela, 20-600 m, 6 Dec 1927-20 Mar 1928, P. C. Standley 56885 (Holotype F 581955 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia skutchii Standi. & Steyerm, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 289. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Suchitepequez. Finca Moca, 4200 ft., 10 Jan 1935, A. F. Skutch 2110 (Holotype F 934088 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia spinosa K. Schum. ex Loes., Bull. Herb. Boissier 3: 620. 1895. Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, prope Huejutla, Apr, E. Seler & C. Seler668 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed).— Status uncertain, possibly Randia sp. The protologue diagnosis states branches armed with paired spines and flowers solitary or fascicled. Rondeletia stachyoidea Donn. Sm.. Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 42: 298. 1906. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Semococh, 600-900 m, 25 Apr 1905, R. Hay s.n. (Holotype US 473726 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia standleyana A. R. Molina, Ceiba 1: 262. 1951. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, in pine forest above Zambrano, 1 200 m, 20 Jul 1949, L. O. Williams & A. Molina R. 14417 (Holotype US 2216018 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG, US), US). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia stenosiphon Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. Mexic. 26. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Yucatan & Tabasco [sic], E. P. Johnson s.n. (Holotype K (photo PTBG)). Rogiera. Rondeletia stenostachxa Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 18: 1372. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: La Hondura de San Jose, 1300 m, 15 Aug 1933, M. Valeria 769 (Holotype F 681816 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). (Standi.) W. C. Burger Rondeletia strigosa (Benth.) Hemsl., Diag. Pi. Nov. Mexic. 27. 1879. Bouvardia strigosa Benth., PI. Hartweg. 75. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: [Volcan] Zunil, Nov, T. Hartweg 530 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P (photos F, MEXU, MO, PTBG), W, n.v. (photos F, MO)). Syntype: GUATEMALA: Volcan de Fuego, 6000-6400 ft., Salvin s.n. (K (photo PTBG; fragment F)). Rogiera. The K collection of Hartweg 530 is a good, representative choice for lectotype and in addition has duplicates in three herbaria. Rondeletia subscandens Lundell, Wnghtia 5: 328. 1976. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, La Cumbre, about 500 m west of km 142/143 of the Cadenas Road, 10 Sep 1976, C. L. Lundell & E. Contreras 19830 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F (2 sheets; photos MO), K (photo PTBG)). Rogiera. Rondeletia suffrutescens Brandegee, Univ. Calif Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Cerro del Boqueron, Aug 1913, C. A. Purpus 6704 (Holotype UC 172451, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rogiera. Rondeletia tacanensis Lundell, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 66: 603. 1939. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Volcan Tacana West, 2800 m, 30 Mar 1939, E. Matuda 2928 (Holotype TEX- LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., F (photos MEXU, PTBG), GH, n.v., K (photo PTBG), MEXU, US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia taylorae Lorence in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 300. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, Canon de Limon, El Progreso. Fila Matama, Valle de la Estrella, 9°47T8"N, 83°08'45"W, 1350 m, 19 Apr 1989, G. Herrera & A. Chacon 2656 (Holotype CR; Isotypes MO, PTBG). Rondeletia tenorioi Lorence, Novon 1: 156, fig. 11 A, B. 1991. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. de Juxtlahuaca, 19 km al SW de Juxtlahuaca y a 5 km en la misma direccion de Sta. Ma. Asuncion, 1900 m, 4 Apr 1982, P. Tenorio & R. Torres C. 184 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes BM, F, MO). Rondeletia thiemei Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 42: 299. 1906. Type: HONDURAS: Santa Barbara, Rio Chamelecon, 400 m, 16 Dec 1888, C. Thieme 5276 (Holotype US 941403 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia torresii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 163. 1928. Type: COSTA RJCA: Alajuela, Viento Fresco, 1600-1900 m, 13 Feb 1926, P. C. Standley & R. Torres R. 47839 (Holotype US 1305295 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia tuxtlensis Lorence & Cast- Campos, Biotica 13: 148,/ig. /. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. Mecayapan, Volcan San Martin Pajapan al sur del Ejido La Valentina, 700 m, 8 May 1985, J. 1. Calzada 11183 (Holotype XAL; Isotypes F, MEXU, MO (photo PTBG)). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia urophylla Standi. & L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 129. 1973. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Esquinas forest, 30 m, 3 Aug 1951, P. H. Allen 6291 ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEA (Holotype F 1562934 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype EAP, n.v.). Rondclctia uxpanapensis Lorence & Cast- Campos, Biotica 13: 150, fig. 2. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mun. Hidalgotitlan, zona de Uxpanapa; Rio Solosuchil a 5-6 km ESE de Hermanos Cedillo, 100-200 m, 24 Mar 1982, D. H. Lorence et al. 3909 (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes BM, ENCB, CHAPA, MO, NY, PTBG, UC, XAL). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia versicolor J. E. Sm., Bot. Mag. 7: tab 4 579. 1851. Type: Based on cultivated material grown at Kew, sent by Seemann Gram Boquete, Veraguas, Panama (type not designated). Rogiera.— Rondeletia amoena (Planch.) Hemsl. Rondeletia villosa Hemsl., Diag. Pi. Nov. Mexic. 27. 1879. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, San Pedro Nolasco, etc., Jurgensen 806 (Lectotype K, here designated (photo PTBG); Isolectotypes G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), K (photo PTBG), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntypes: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Trapiche de Concepcion, F. Liebmann 70 (K (photo PTBG), G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F)). Tabasco, arbuste a fleurs blanches en novembre et Xbre., environs de Teapa (Tabasco), 1839, Linden 145 (K (photo PTBG); probable syntypes G-DEL, n.v. (fragment F), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx. The K sheet of Jurgensen 806 is designated as lectotype, because it is representative and has flowers and fruits, with duplicates in three other Rondeletia volubilis Sesse & Moc., PI. Nov. Hisp. 36. 1887. Type: MEXICO: Habit m Acahuizotla, Sesse & Mocino 1393 (Holoty-pe MA. n.v. (photo WU); Isotype F, fragment, n.v.). Caique of Fl. Mexic. Ic. 275 (G-DC, n.v. (photo MO)). For typification, see Puff (1991: 326).— Paederia ciliata (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Rondeletia vulcanicola Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 291. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Quezaltenango. Finca Pireneos, lower south-facing slopes of Volcan Santa Maria, between Santa Maria de Jesus and Calahuache, 1300-1500 m. 31 Dec 1939, J. A. Steyermark 33220 (Holotype F 1041786 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Arachnothryx.— Rondeletia secundiflora B. L. Rob. Rondeletia wendtii Lorence & Cast-Campos, Biotica 13: 154, fig. 3. 1988. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. Juchitan, Mun. de Santa Maria Chimalapa, Arroyo Chocolin, Poblacion de Nicolas Bravo, cerca del Rancho de Agustin Montero, 3-4 km al sur de la Poblacion de Rio Alegre (Veracruz), 150 m, 21 Oct 1983, (Holotype MEXU (photo PTBG); Isotypes CHAPA, PTBG). Arachnothryx. Rondeletia vitcatanensis Lundell, Wnghtia 5: 329 1976. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Chichen Itza, 28 Apr 1950,7. T. Bahhvin. Jr 14230 (Holotype TEX-LL). Arachnothryx. Note: the type was likely collected from a cultivated plant outside its normal range, as this species is commonly cultivated in many parts of Mexico for its nocturnally fragrant flowers— Rondeletia leucophylla Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth. Rondeletia zollenana Standi. & Steyerm.. Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist.. Bot. Ser. 22: 292. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: San Marcos, between Finca El Porvemr and Loma Corona, 9 mi. NW of El Porvemr. southwest-facing slopes of Volcan Tajumulco, 1300-2000 m. 14 Mar 1940, J. A. Steyermark 3 " ^ < Holotype F 1039668 (photos MEXU. PTBG)) Arachnothryx.- Rondeletia brandegeeana Rosenbergiodendron Fagerl.. Svensk Bot. Tidskrift.42: 150. 1948. Type: Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jacq.) Fagerl. Rosenbergiodendron formosum (Jaccy Fagerl.. Svensk Bot Ddsknft 42 152.1948. Mnsaendaformosa Jacq.. Emm PL Canb. 16 1760. Tvpe: COLOMBIA: Bolivar. Cartagena. Jacquin sn. (Holotype G. n.v ) p„h ia T .So. PI. 1:109. 1753. Type: Rub.a Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 127. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Puebla, Tehuacan, 5000 ft., H. Galeotti 2362 (Lectotype K, n.v. (photo MO); designated by Dempster, 1973b). —Galium aschenbornii S. Schauer Rubia diphylla Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 23. 1893. Type: Habitat in anfractibus Santi Angeli et Hortis Sancti Augustini. Floret Julio, Sesse <£ Mociilo s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain, probably Didymaea sp. Rubia kypocarpia (L.) DC, Prodr. 4: 591. 1830. Valantia hypocarpia L., Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1307. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Rubia I, Browne, Hist. Jamaica 141 (Holotype LINN, (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. Rubia incana Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 338. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype presumably B, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v. (photo MO)).— Galium hypocarpium (L.) Endl. ex Griseb. Rubia laevigata DC, Prodr. 4: 591. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.). Relbunium. — Galium microphyHum A. Gray Rudgea Salisb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London 8: 327. 1807. Type: Rudgea lanceaefolia Salisb. Rudgea amplexicaulis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 475. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, above San Felix along mining road 18-27 mi. off Pan-Am. Highway (above Chame or turnoff to Escopeta), 1200-1500 m, 12 Mar 1976, T. B. Croat 33133 (Holotype MO 2399080 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO). Rudgea ceratopetala Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 35: 3. 1903. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubliquitz, 340 m, 1 90 1 , H. von Tuerckheim 7904 (Holotype US 943480 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes F, n.v., US (2 sheets; photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Rudgea cornifolia (Kunth) Standi. Rudgea chiriquiensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 476. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Cerro Colorado, along road above San Felix, 29 km above bridge over Rio San Felix (7.9 km above turnoff to Escopeta), 1500 m, 14 Jul 1976, T. B. Croat 37071 (Holotype MO 2798805 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO).— Psychotria nebulosa (Dwyer) C M. Taylor Rudgea cornifolia (Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult.) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 432. 1931. Psychotria cornifolia Humb. & Bonpl. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 191. 1819; Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 362. 1819. Type: VENEZUELA: Near Maipures, on the Orinoco, Humboldt & Bonpland 893 (Holotype B-WI, n.v. (photo MO)). Rudgea coronicarpa Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 478. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Code, Cerro Pilon, 2700 ft., 9 Jan 1972, A. Gentry & J. D. Dwyer 3647 (Holotype MO 2176970 (photo PTBG); Isotype MO). Rudgea fimbriata (Benth.) Standi, in Standi. & Calderon, Lista Prelim. PI. El Salvador 274. 1925. Psychotria fimbriata Benth., J. Bot. Hook. 3: 226. 1841. Type: GUYANA: Essequibo River, Schomburgk 51 (Holotype presumably K, n.v.). — Rudgea cornifolia (Kunth) Standi. Rudgea hemisphaerica Dwyer ex C M. Taylor, Novon 6: 302, fig. 3 A, B. 1996. Type: PANAMA: El Llano-Carti Road, 19.1 km from Interamerican Highway, 9°19'N, 78°55'W, 350 m, 5 Mar 1985, G. de Nevers, H. Herrera & S. Charnley 4962 (Holotype PMA 38235, n.v.; Isotype MO 46581 13). Rudgea horquetensis Dwyer & Hayden, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 54: 145. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, Cerro Horqueta, 6500 i Hagen & von Hagen 2156 (Holotype NY,: Rudgea isthmensis Standi., Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 26: 313. 1929. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, vicinity of Salamanca Hydrographic Station, Rio Pequeni, 80 m, 28-29 Jul 1938, R. E. Woodson, Jr., P. H. Allen & R. J. Seibert 1618 (Holotype MO 1 169548 (photo PTBG); Isotypes A, n.v., NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). ' Mexican and Central j Rudgea laevis C. M. Taylor, Novon 5: 207, fig. IF. G. 1995. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Monteverde, Bajos de La Lindora, Rio Guacimal, 10°18'N, 84°48'W, 19 Feb 1988, W. Haber&E. Bello 8271 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype MO no 3646480). Rudgea magna Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 56. 1940. Type: PANAMA: San Bias Coast, hills of Sperdi, near Puerto Obaldia, 20-200 m, Sep 191 1, H. Pittier 4350 (Holotype F 600258 (photo PTBG)). Rudgea mandevilliifolia Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 304, fig. 3C, D. 1996. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, vicinity of Planes de Hornito beyond Gualaca, ca. 23 km E of Finca Linares, 1400-1900 m, 28 Nov 1979, T. B. Croat 48863 (Holotype MO 3615290). Rudgea mcphersonii Dwyer ex C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 304, fig. 3E, F. 1996. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Santa Rita ridge, SE of Colon, 10-11 road-miles from trans- isthmian highway, 9°25'N, 79°40'W, 450 m, 18 Sep 1987, G. McPherson 11771 (Holotype PMA, n.v.; Isotype MO 3646497). Rudgea monofructus Gomez-Laur. & Dwyer, Novon 1: 50, fig. 1. 1991. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Reserva Forestal de San Ramon, Campamento Rio San Lorencito, 900-1100 m, 25 Sep 1989, J. Gomez-launto & G. Vargas 11822 (Holotype UCR, n.v.; Isotype MO). Rudgea panamensis (Dwyer) C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 305. 1996. Cephaelis panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 77. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Rio Guanche, ca. 2.5 km upriver from bridge on road to Portobelo, 10-100 m, 14 Dec 1974, S. Mori & J. Kallunki 3714 (Holotype MO 2353037 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes MO 2353038 (photos MEXU, PTBG), PMA 22701, n.v.). Rudgea pittieri Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 211. 1940. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Loma de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), 10-100 m, Jul-Aug 1911,//. Pittier 3855 (Holotype F 636043 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F, US). Rudgea raveniana W. C. Burger in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 304. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Rincon de Osa, W. Burger & R. Liesner 7251 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype F, n.v.). Rudgea reducticalvx Dwyer in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 304. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, along road between Canas and Upala, 4 km NNE of Bijagua on slopes leading into Rio Zapote, 400 m, 24 Jun 1976, T. B. Croat 36330 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotype MO 2481680 (photo PTBG)). Rudgea sanblasensis C. M. Taylor, Novon 6: 220. 1996. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, Rio Playon Chico, Dukandi, vecinidad de la Isla Playon Chico, 09 ° 1 5'N, 78 ° 1 5'VV, 30 m, 6 Sep 1993, H. Herrera et al. 1358 (Holotype MO 4671394; Isotype PMA, n.v.). Rml^L i sum ;<;<». Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 389. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal. between Virginia and Lago de Izabal, Montana del Mico, 50-500 m, 5 Apr 1940, J. A. Stevermark 38839 (Holotype F 1042936 (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria cf. eurycarpa Standi. Rudgea skutchii Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 18: 1374. 1938. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, vicinity of El General, 915 m, Aug 1936, A. F. Skutch 2836 (Holotype US 1642550 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rudgea thvrsifiora Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 61: 375. 1916. Type: COSTA RICA: Talamanca, Forets de Tsaki, 200 m, Apr 1895, A. Tonduz 9579 (Holotype US 943477 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype BR, n.v). — Psychotria stenostachya Standi. Rudgea trifurcata Gomez-Laur., Brenesia 33: 139. 1990 (1991). Type: COSTA RICA: Limon, Talamanca, 3 km al oeste de Volio, 9°37 , 40N, 82°53'50W, 100 m../. Gomez- Laurito & G. Vargas 1 1957 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO. US. n.v.)) Rustia Klotzsch in Hayne, Getr. Darstell. Gew. 14: sub tab. 14, 15. 1846. Lectotype: Rustia formosa (Cham. & Schltdl.) Klotzsch (=Exostemaformosum Cham. & Schltdl.). Rustia costaricensis (Standi.) Lorence in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot, n.s. 33: 306. 1993. Stomandra costaricensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 247. 1947. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, basin of El General, 675-900 m, Mar 1940, A. F. Skutch 4777 (Holotype F 1044344 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MO (photo PTBG), US). l5: 137.1995. Rustia dressleri Delprete, Novo Type: PANAMA: Panama, El Llano-Carti highway, 8-10 km N of El Llano, 31 Aug 1974, R. L. Dressier 4703 (Holotype MO 2268783). Rustia ferruginea Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 142. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, along Rio Fato, 10-100 m, Aug 191 1, H. Pittier 4201 (Holotype US 679302 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Rustia occidentalis (Benth.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 14. 1881. Exostemma occidentale Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 104. 1844. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Barclay s.n. or Hinds s.n. (Holotype K, n.v.). Rustia panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 483. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, Valley of Rio Dos Bocas, 1 1 km from Escuela Agricola Alto Piedra (above Santa Fe), on road to Calovebora, 450 m, 30 Aug 1974, T. B. Croat 27508 (Holotype MO 2214602; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v). — Rustia costaricensis (Standi.) Sabicea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 192. 1775. Type not designated. Sabicea ambigua Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 49. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Without precise locality, 1847, Triana s.n. (Holotype K, n.v. (photo F)). — Amphidasya ambigua (Standi.) Standi. Sabicea costaricensis Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 31. 1914. Syntypes: COSTA RICA: Buenos Aires, buissons, 300 m, Jan 1893, H. Pittier 6712 [on label "H. Pittier' 7 is crossed out and "Tonduz" is written in] (US 1393299 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). On the Savannah, H. Pittier 4025 (BM, n.v.; Isosyntypes K, n.v., BR, n.v., G, n.v). — Sabicea panamensis Wernham Sabicea flagenioides Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 57. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Yucatan, Chichankanab, G. F. Gaunter 1432 (Holotype F, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed). — Status uncertain. Sabicea hirsuta Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth var. adpressa Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 55. 1914. Syntypes: PANAMA: Isthmus of Panama, Chagres, Jan-Mar 1850, A. Fendler 180 (F, (photo PTBG), BM, n.v., W, n.v., fragment F); same locality, Hayes s.n. (n.v.), same locality, Seemann 1073 (n.v.). COSTA RICA: Limon, Kuntze 1995 (n.v.); Punta Arena, Tonduz 6712 (n.v.), Tonduz 9955 (n.v.); six additional syntypes are cited from St. Thomas, Trinidad, and Brazil. Sabicea mexicana Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 41. 1914. Syntypes: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, 3000 ft., H. Galeotti 2662 (K, n.v. (photo MO), B, n.v., BR, n.v., G, n.v., P, n.v., W, n.v.). Without precise locality, F. Liebmann 43 (K, n.v., BR, n.v.). Sabicea panamensis Wernham, Monogr. Sabicea 30. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, Mar 1850, A. Fendler 181 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotypes US, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sabicea stellaris Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 489. 1980. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Rio Pequeni, 10-15 minutes upstream from hydrographic station by motor, 1 1 Dec 1974, R. L. Dressier 4887 (Holotype MO 2353169 (photo PTBG)). Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 265. 1819. var. villosa. Type: VENEZUELA: Orinoco River, A. Bonpland s.n. (Holotype presumably B-WI, n.v.). Sabicea villosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. var. adpressa (Wernham) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 52. 1930. Syntypes: PANAMA: Isthmus of Panama, l NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL Chagres, Jan-Mar 1850, A. Fendler 180 (F, (photo PTBG), BM, n.v., W, n.v., fragment F); same locality, Hayes s.n. (n.v.), same locality, Seemann 1073 (n.v.). COSTA RICA: Limon, Kuntze 1995 (n.v.); Punta Arena, Tonduz 6712 (n.v.), Tonduz 9955 (n.v.); six additional syntypes are cited from St. Thomas, Trinidad, and Brazil. Schradera Vahl, Eclog. Amer. 1: 35. 1796, nom. cons. Type: Schradera capitata Vahl, nom. illeg. (=Sch?-adera involucrata (Sw.) K. Schradera blumii Dwyer & Hayden, Phytologia 15: 59. 1967. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Cerro Jefe in Clusia forest at 2700-3000 ft., 27 Jan 1966, E. L. Tyson, J. Dwyer & K. Blum 3218 (Holotype MO 1831023 (photo PTBG)). Schradera costaricensis Dwyer in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 33: 309. 1993. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, Bijagua, G. Herrera 2004 (Holotype CR, n.v.; Isotypes F, n.v., MO). Serissa Coram, ex Juss., Gen. 209. 1789. Type: Serissa foetida Comm. ex Juss. Serissa japonica (Thunb.) Thunb., Nov. Gen. PI. 132, pi. 9. 1798. Type: JAPAN: Collector unknown (presumably UPS, n.v.). Lycium japonicum Thunb., Nov. Act. Roy. Soc. Upsal. 3: 207. 1780. Cultivated at least in Costa Rica and Panama. Sherardia L., Sp. PI. 1: 102. 1753. Type: Sherardia arvensis L. Sherardia arvensis L., Sp. PI. 1: 102. 1753. Type: Habitat in arvensis Scaniae, Germaniae, Angliae, (Lectotype Sherard, Herb. Clifford 33: Sherardia 1 (BM, n.v.); designated by Natali in Jarvis et al., 1993: 88). Naturalized at least in Veracruz and Costa Rica. Sickingia Willd., Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schrift. 3: 445. 1801. Type not designated. [Herein treated as a synonym of Simira Aubl.l Sickingia calderoniana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 214. 1940. Type: EL SALVADOR: Jayaque, finca del Dr. Zarate, 9 Jan 1939, M. L. Van Severen 66 (Holotype F 1033327 (photo PTBG); Isotype F).— Simira calderoniana (Standi.) Steyerm. khtgei (Standi.) Standi., Trop. Woods 22: 10. 1930. Calderonia klugei Standi, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 6. 1924. Type: PANAMA: Panama, near Chepo, 1924, H. C. Kluge 19 (Yale 7132) (Holotype US 1206424 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (plus another probable isotype at F, a fruiting collection from type tree. Kluge s.n.. also Vale 7132)).— Simira klugei (Standi.) Steyerm. fell, Wrightia 4: 50. 1968. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, Laguna Petexbatun, in high forest bordering lake, on Escarbadero, 2 Apr 1964, C. L. Lundell 18224 (Holotype TEX-LL, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Simira salvadorensis (Standi.) Steyerm. mdell var. puberula Lundell, Wrightia 4: 50. 1968. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, Lacandon, in bajo, about 1 km, 700 m south. 12 Mar 1962, E Contreras 3514 (Holotype TEX-LL, n.v.). —Simira salavadorensis (Standi.) Steyerm. Sickingia muxonii (Standi.) Standi., Trop. Woods 14: 30. 1928. Gempa maxonii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8: 642. 1918. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Canal Zone, forest along the Rio Indio de Gauin, near sea level, 17 Feb \9U,W.R. Maxon 4848 (Holotype US 675223 (photos MEXU. PTBG)).— Simira maxonii (Standi.) Steyerm. Sickingia mexicana Bullock in Hook. Icon., ser. 4, 4: tab. 3321. 1936. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Distr. Temascaltepec, Luvianos, 26 Sep 1933, G. B. Hinton 4818 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Simira mexicana (Bullock) Steyerm. Sickingia mollis Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 4: 32. 1940. Not Sickingia mollis Standi., 1936. Type: MEXICO: Tabasco, Reforma, on the Rio San Pedro de Martir, above Balancan, 22-26 May 1939, E. Matuda 3161 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG)).— Simira salvadorensis (Standi.) Sickingia multiflora Lundell, Wrightia 5: 258. 1976. Type: GUATEMALA: Peten, Tikal National Park, Tikal, in ramonal covering the ruins, on Temple IV, 1 1 Jul 1960, E. Contreras 1239 (Holotype TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Simira salvadorensis (Standi.) Steyerm. Sickingia myriantha Standi., Pub. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 27. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Magdalena, Las Nubes road, region of Santa Marta, 1200 m, 3 Dec 1898, H. H. Smith 1810 (Holotype F 138660; Isotypes MO, NY, n.v., US, n.v., W, n.v., Y, n.v.). Holtonia, Simira. — Elaeagia myriantha (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & Hammel Sickingia rhodoclada (Standi.) Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 215. 1940. Exandra rhodoclada Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 292. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, between La Venta and Niltepec, 200 ft., 14 Jul 1895, E. W. Nelson 2796 (Holotype US 229232 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Simira rhodoclada (Standi.) Steyerm. Sickingia salvadorensis (Standi.) Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 12: 390. 1936. Calderonia salvadorensis, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 290. 1923. Type: EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, Jul 1922, S. Calderon 761 (Holotype US 1151718 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Simira salvadorensis (Standi.) Sickingia vestita Lundell, Wrightia 4: 51. 1968. Nom. nov. for Sickingia mollis Lundell, Contrib. Univ. Mich. Herb. 4: 32. 1940. Not Sickingia vestita Standi., 1936. Type: MEXICO: Tabasco, Reforma, on the Rio San Pedro de Martir, above Balacan, 22-26 May 1939, E. Matuda 3161 (Holotype MICH, n.v.; Isotypes A, n.v., TEX-LL (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Simira salvadorensis (Standi.) Steyerm. Siderodendron Cothen., Disp. 6. 1790. (=Sideroxyloides Jacq., 1763.) Type: Siderodendron ferreum (Jacq.) J. F. Gmel. [Herein treated as a synonym of Ixora L.] Siderodendron floribundum A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Cuba 11: 24. 1850. Type: CUBA: Without precise locality, A. Richard s.n. (Holotype presumably P, n.v.). — Ixora floribunda (A. Rich.) Griseb. Simira Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane 1: 170, t. 65. 1775, not Simira Raf, 1836. Type: Simira tinctoria Aubl. Simira calderoniana (Standi.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 306. 1972. Sickingia calderoniana Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 214. 1940. Type: EL SALVADOR: Jayaque, finca del Dr. Zarate, 9 Jan 1939, M. L. Van Sever en 66 (Holotype F 1033327 (photo PTBG)). Simira darienensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 493. 1980. Nom. superfl. for Bathysa panamensis Dwyer, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 55: 34. 1968 (based on same type). Type: PANAMA: Darien, Rio Ucurganti, 7 Jul 1967, N. Bristan 1187 (Holotype MO 1968219 (photo PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). Simira klugei (Standi.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 302. 1972. Calderonia klugei Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15:6. 1924. Type: PANAMA: Panama, near Chepo, 1924, H. C. Kluge 19 [=Yale 7132] (Holotype US 1206424 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photo PTBG), (plus another probable isotype at F, a fruiting collection from type tree, Kluge s.n., also Yale 7132)). Simira maxonii (Standi.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 306. 1972. Genipa maxonii Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 8: 642. 1918. Type: PANAMA: Panama, Canal Zone, forest along the Rio Indio de Gatiin, near sea level, 17 Feb 1911, W. R. Maxon 4848 (Holotype US 675223 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Simira mexicana (Bullock) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 307. 1972. Sickingia mexicana Bullock in Hook. Icon., ser. 4, 4: of Mexican and Central An tab. 3321. 1936. Type: MEXICO: Mexico, Distr. Temascaltepec, Luvianos, 26 Sep 1933, G. B. Hinton 4818 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sickingia. Simira imrumtha (Standi.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 306. 1972. Sickingia myhantha Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 7: 27. 1930. Type: COLOMBIA: Magdalena, Las Nubes road, region of Santa Maria, 1200 m, 3 Dec 1898, H. H. Smith 1810 (Holotype F 138660; Isotypes MO, NY, n.v., US, n.v., W, n.v., Y, n.v). Holtonia. — Elaeagia myriantha (Standi.) C. M. Taylor & Hammel Simira rhodoclada (Standi.) Steyerm., Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 307. 1972. Exandra rhodoclada Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 292. 1923. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, between La Venta and Niltepec, 200 ft., 14 Jul 1895, E. W. Nelson 2796 (Holotype US 229232 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Simira. Simira salvadorensis (Standi.) Steyerm.. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 307. 1972. Calderonia salvadorensis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 13: 290. 1923. Type: EL SALVADOR: San Salvador, Jul 1922, S. Calderon 761 (Holotype US 1151718 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sickingia. Sipanea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 147, /. 56. 1775. Type: Sipanea pratensis Aubl. Sipanea biflora (L. f.) Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea4: 168. 1829. Virecta biflora L. f, Suppl. 17, 134. 1781. Type: SURINAM: Without precise locality, Dalberg s.n. (presumably LINN, n.v.). Sipanea palustris Seem., Bot. Voy. Herald 136. 1854. Type: PANAMA: Panama, in swamps near Panama, Seemann 347 (Holotype BM, in part [excluding specimen of Microlicia (Melastomataceae)], n.v. (photo MO)). Limnosipanea. Siphonandra Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21: 581. 1848. Not Siphonandra Klotzsch 1851. Type: Siphonandra mexicana Turcz. [Herein treated as a synonym of Rondeletia L.] Siphonandra mexicana Turcz., Bull. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 21: 581. 1848. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, without precise locality, 3000 ft., H Galeotti 266-1 bis (Holotype presumably LE, n.v.; Isotype G-DEL. n.v. (photos A, MO)). — Rondeletia mexicana (Turcz.) Standi. Siphoma Benth., PI. Hartweg. 84. 1841. Not Siphoma D. Richard ex Schreber, 1791, nor Siphoma E. M. Fries, 1820. Type: Siphonia nvalis Benth. (=Lindenia Benth., 1841). See Darwin (1976: 427) for discussions regarding publication of the generic names Lindcma vs. Siphoma. [Herein treated as a synonym of Augusta Pohl.] Siphonia rivalis Benth., Pi. Hartweg. 84. 1841. Type: GUATEMALA: In rivis, la Vera Paz, T. Hartweg 581 (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MO)). —Augusta rivalis (Benth.) J. H. Kirkbr. Note: according to Farr et al. (1979: 1620), although the name Siphonia was actually printed, it was crossed out in ink and the name Lindenia substitutec" copies before publication, published on p. 351. Solena Willd., Sp. PL 1: 961. 1798. Not Solena Loureiro, 1790. Type: Solena longiflora (Aubl.) Willd. (= Posoquena longiflora Aubl.) [Herein treated as a synonym of Posoqueria Aubl.] Solena latifolia Rudge, PI. Guian. 26. 1805. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Martin s.n. (BM, n.v). — Posoqueria latifolia (Rudge) Roem. & Schult. Sommera Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 602. 1835. Type: Sommera arborescens Schltdl. Sommera acuminata Oerst. ex Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 340. 1927. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Amatlan, F. Liebmann 11712 (Holotype C, n.v. (photo MEXU); Isotype US). Arachnothryx, Rondeletia. — Rondeletia scabra Hemsl. i arborescens Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 602. 1835. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Hacienda de la Laguna, Schiede 272 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), LE, n.v.(fragment F), MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sommera chiapensis Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 196. 1915. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Finca Irlanda, Jun 1914, C. A. Purpus 7263 (Holotype UC 174914. n.v.; Isotypes F (photos MEXU, PTBG), MO, 2 sheets (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sommera donnell-smithii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 436. 1914. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Alajuehta, 3000 ft., Mar 1894, J. D. Smith 6592 (Holotype US 245836 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sommera dunlapii L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 122. 1973. Type: PANAMA: Changuinola Valley, 17 Jan 1924, V. C. Dunlap 351 (Holotype F 635718 (photo PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Sommera donnell-smithii Standi. Sommera fusca Oerst. ex Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 17: 339. 1927. Type: MEXICO: [Presumably Oaxaca] Jocoaltepec, Jun 1842, F. Liebmann 1 1 720 [=Liebmann Rubiaceae 36] (Holotype C, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sommera grandis (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 145. 1921. Petesia grandis Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 395. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 395.1)). Sommera guatemalensis Standi., Contr. US Natl. Herb. 17: 436. 1914. Type: GUATEMALA: Alta Verapaz, Cubliquitz, 350 m, May 1902, H. von Tuerckheim 8225 (Holotype US 398487 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sommera mesochora Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 439. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Chiriqui, vicinity of El Boquete, 1000-1300 m, 2-8 Mar 1911, W. R. Maxon 4941 (Holotype US 675326 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Sommera donnell-smithii Standi. Sommera montana L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 124. 1973. Type: HONDURAS: Morazan, margen de la Quebrada de La Paz, en medio de la floresta de pino-liquidambar de la Montana Zanquin, 1600 m, 14 May 1950, A. Molina R 2829 (Holotype F 1389080 (photo PTBG); Isotypes EAP, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Sommera parva Lorence, Novon4: 134, fig. 9. 1994. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, Mun. de Tila, Pie de Cerro K'abana, 900 m, 1 Jul 1982, A. Mendez Ton (A. Shilom Ton) 4367 (Holotype MEXU; Isotypes BM, F, MO (photo PTBG), NY, PTBG, US, XAL). Sommera rivularis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 125. 1973. Type: COSTA RICA: Puntarenas, Rio Esquinas, near kilometer 42, 30 m, 8 Dec 1949, P. H. Allen 5431 (Holotype F 1679274 (photo PTBG); Isotypes EAP, n.v., F, US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Sommera donnell-smithii Standi. Sommera subcordata Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 144. 1921. Type: MEXICO: Sinaloa, Colomas, 1897, J. N. Rose s.n. (Holotype US 866799 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Sommera grandis (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi. Sommera zygocalyx L. O. Williams, Phytologia 26: 126. 1973. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Distr. Choapam [=Choapan], Yaveo, Arroyo de Culebras, 430 m, 21 Mar 1938, Y. Mexia 9191 (Holotype F 982858 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotypes UC (photo PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Sommera arborescens Schltdl. Spermacoce L„ Sp. PI. 1: 102. 1753. Type: Spermacoce tenuior L. Spermacoce ambigua Brandegee, Zoe 5: 180. 1904. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Cordoba, Jan 1904, C. A. Purpus 41 7 (Holotype UC, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photo PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Diodia brasiliensis Spreng. Spermacoce apiculata Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 531. 1818. Type: BRAZIL: Without precise locality, Hoffmannsegg s.n. (B-WI 2626, k. NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE n.v.).— Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. Spermacoce ascendens Sesse & Mo?., Fl. Mexic. 25. 1893. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Ahualulci depressis, ac humidioribus. Floret Octobri, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Spermacoce aspera (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 58. 1881. Borreria aspera M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 130. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Juquila, pres de la cote d'Oaxaca baignee par l'Ocean Pacifique, a 4000 pieds, H Galeotti 2625 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.).— Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze Spermacoce asperifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 132. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, pres de l'Ocean Pacifique, H. Galeotti 2626 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype P, n.v. (photo MO)). Borreria.— Staelia scabra (C. Presl) Standi. Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav., Syst. Veg. Fl. Peruv. 1: 60, t. 92. 1798. Type: PERU: Habitat in ruderalis Limae Chancay et Huanuci, Ruiz Lopez & Pavon s.n. (Syntype MA, n.v. (photo MO); Plukenet Aim. 33, tab. 136/4 (Syntype, n.v.). Borreria. For typification, see Verdcourt, 1983. Spermacoce capitata Sesse & Moc., PI. Nov. Hispan. 17. 1887 (La Naturaleza 2, l.suppl. 17. 1887). Not Spermacoce capitata Ruiz & Pav., 1798. Type: MEXICO: Habitat Patzquari, Sesse & Mocino 633 (Holotype presumably MA, n.v.; probable Isotype F (photo PTBG)).— Crusea hispida (Mill.) B. L. Rob. var. hispida Spermacoce coccinea Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 24. 1893. Not Spermacoce coccinea Pav., 1798. Type: Habitat in montibus Malacatepec ad Zitacuarum interiectis. Floret Augusto, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). —Status uncertain, possibly Crusea coccinea DC. Spermacoce confusa Rendle, J. Bot. 74: 12. 1936. Type: MEXICO: Zacuapan, Mirador, H. Galeotti 2611 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype longiseta M. Martens & Gale* (1989: 464) incorrectly cited: 10.; 4 ; 330-331). Spermacoce densiflora (DC.) Alain, Phytologia 54: 113. 1983. Borreria densijlora DC, Prodr. 4: 542. 1830. Type: JAMAICA: Sweats s.n. (Holotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 542.3)). For typification see Steyermark (1972). Spermacoce depressa Sesse & Moc., PI. Nov. Hispan. 17. 1887 (La Naturaleza 2, 1. suppl. 17. 1887). Type: MEXICO: Habitat Patzquari. Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain. Spermacoce distans Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 344. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Volcan de Jorullo, 3000 ft., Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P- Bonpland, n.v. (photo MO)). Borreria. —Diodia cf. apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Schum. Spermacoce diversifolia Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 341. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype P- Bonpland, n.v. (photo MO)).— Crusea diversifolia (Kunth) W. R. Anderson Spermacoce echioides Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 344. 1820. Type: MEXICO: Campeche, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype presumably P-Bonpland, n.v.). — Spermacoce assurgens Ruiz & Pav. Spermacoce exilis (L. O. Williams) C. D. Adams in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana: Bot., n.s. 33: 316. 1993. Based on Borreria exilis L. O. Williams, Phytologia 28: 227. 1974. Not Spermacoce gracilis Ruiz & Pav. 1798. Type: COSTA RICA: Cocos Island, Wafer Bay, 28 Jun 1932, J. T. Howell 10178 (Holotype F 103 1 197 (photo PTBG)). Spermacoce glabra Sesse & Moc., PI. Nov. Hispan. 17. 1887 (La Naturaleza 2, 1. suppl. 17. 1887). Not Spermacoce glabra Michx., 1803. Type: MEXICO: Habita floret Augusto, Sesse & Mocif, (presumably MA, n.v.). — Stat Spermacoce haenkeana (DC.) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59. 1881. Borreria haenkeana DC, Prodr. 4: 547. 1830. Type: MEXICO or PERU: Without precise locality or collector (G-DEL, n.v. (photo MO)). —Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze Spermacoce jaliscensis M. E. Jones, Extracts Contr. Western Bot. 18: 67. 1933. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, Orendain, 30 Nov 1930, Uones 271 18 (location unknown). — Status Spermacoce laevis Lam., Tabl. Encycl. Meth. Bot. 1: 273, tab. 1435. 1791. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: Without precise locality, Martin s.n. (Holotype P-LA, n.v.). Borreria. — Spermacoce tenuior L. For a discussion of synonymy and misapplication of this name see Verdcourt (1983: 545). Spermacoce latifolia Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 55, /. 19, fig. 1. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Cayenne, Aublets.n. (Holotype P, n.v.; Isotype MA, n.v. (photo MO)). Borreria. Spermacoce linearis Sesse & Mo?., Fl. Mexic. 25. 1893 (La Naturaleza 2, 1: App. 25. 1893). Type: MEXICO: Habitat in montibus Xorullo vicinis. Floret Septembri, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.).— Status uncertain. Spermacoce longiseta (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59. 1882. Borreria longiseta M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 128. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Zacuapan et Mirador [label on Isotype at P states "cordilleres pres de Vera Cruz, 1000 pieds"], H. Galeotti 2611 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotypes K, n.v., P, n.v. (photo MO)). Also see comments under Borreria longiseta. The description does not apply to the same plant as represented by the type (C. D. Adams, pers. comm. 1996).— Status uncertain. Spermacoce mauritiana Gideon in Verdcourt Kew Bull. 37: 547. 1983. Norn. nov. for Borreria repens DC, Prodr. 4: 544. 1830. Not Spermacoce repens Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl., 1828, nor Sesse & Mo?., 1893, nor Larranaga, 1923. Type: MAURITIUS: Sieber Fl. Maurit. II, 144 (Holotype G, n.v.; Isotypes P). See Verdcourt (1983) for discussion of typification. — Spermacoce exilis (L. O. Williams) C D. Adams Spermacoce megalocarpa A. Gray, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 381. 1886. Type: MEXICO: Chihuahua, south-western Chihuahua, wet places in the higher mountains above Batopilas, Aug-Nov 1885, E. Palmer 185 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes NY, n.v., US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Crusea megalocarpa (A. Gray) S. Watson Spermacoce nesiotica (B. L. Rob.) G. A. Levin in G. A. Levin & R. Moran, Vase. Fl. Isla Socorro, Mexico (Mem. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist. 16): 51. 1989. Borreria nesiotica B. L. Rob., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 45: 409. 1910. Type: MEXICO: Soccoro Island (Revillagigedo Group), 1897, A. W. Anthony s.n. (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Spermacoce ocymifolia Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 3: 530. 1819 [as ocimifolia]. Type: WEST INDIES: Without precise locality, Rudolphi s. n. in 1768 (presumably B-WI, n.v.). Spermacoce ocymoides Burm. f., Fl. Ind. 34. 1768. Type: Tropical Asia, collector and precise locality unknown (presumably G, n.v.). Note: Spermacoce ocymoides is not known from the Neotropics; however, this name has been applied incorrectly by many authors to tropical American plants representing S. exilis, S. ovalifolia, and S. Spermacoce ovalifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59. 1881. Borreria ovalifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 129. 1844. Type: MEXICO. Veracruz, Mirador, 5000 ft., H. Galeotti 2609 (Holotype BR, n.v.). Spermacoce patula (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl., Biol. Centr.-Amer., Bot. 2: 59. 1881. Borreria patula M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Bruxelles 11: 128. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, 3000 ft., H. l NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE Galeotti 2608 (Holotype BR, n.v.; Isotype K, n.v.).— Spermacoce prostrata Aubl. Spermacoce polycephala Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 558. 1830. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 558.54)).— Status uncertain. Spermacoce pringlei S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 25: 152. 1890. Type: MEXICO: Jalisco, shaded hillsides near Guadalajara, 27 Sep 1889, C. G. Pringle 2464 (Holotype GH, n.v.; Isotypes MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Spermacoce ovalifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) Hemsl. Spermacoce prostrata Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane Franc. 1: 58, tab. 20 Jig. 3. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: Aublet s.n. (Holotype P, Spermacoce psyllioides Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 3: 346. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype P-Bonpland, n.v. (photo MO)).— Crusea psyllioides (Kunth) W. R. Anderson Spermacoce reclinata Nees, Horae Phys. Berol. 50. 1820. Type: MEXICO: In regno Mexicano, without precise locality or collector (location unknown). — Spermacoce Spermacoce rigida Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst.Veg.3:531. 1818. Type: VENEZUELA: Silla de Caracas, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype B-WI 2628, n.v.; Isotype G-DC, n.v. (microfiche IDC.7440. 1 74:111,4)). Diodia.— Diodia apiculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K. Spermacoce riparia Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 355. 1828. Type: BRAZIL: Rio Negro, (Rincon de Gallinas), Sellows.n. (Holotype presumably B or HAL, n.v.). — Spermacoce tenuior L. Spermacoce rubra Jacq., PI. Rar. Hort. Schoenbr. 3: 3, pi. 256. 1798. Type: Cuba [but probably from MEXICO], Jacquin s.n. (probable type W, n.v., fragment F). For discussion, see Anderson (1972: 110-111). Crusea. — Crusea h a (Mill.) B. L. Rob. iosoides (Cham. & Schltdl.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 3: 123. 1898. Borreria scabiosoides Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 318. 1828. Type: BRAZIL: Sellows.n. (presumably B, n.v.). Spermacoce serrulata P. Beauv., Fl. Oware Benin 1: 39. tab. 23. 1805. Type: NIGERIA: Palisot de Beauvois s.n. (presumably P, n.v.). — Diodia serrulata (P. Beauv.) G. Spannuocc stricta Sesse & Mo?., Fl. Mexic. 24. 1893. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in calidis, N. H, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain. Spermacoce suaveolens (G. Mey.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI. 3: 123. 1898. Borreria suaveolens G. Mey., Prim. Fl. Esseq. 81,/?/. /. 1818. Type: SURINAM: In arenosis continentis circa Arouabischkrek, G. Meyer s.n. (Holotype GOET, n.v.). Spermacoce tenui Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 25. 1893 (La Naturaleza 2,1. suppl. 25. 1897). Type: MEXICO: Habitat Patzcuari. Floret Augusto, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v). — Status uncertain. Spermacoce tenuiflora Sesse & Moc., Fl. Mexic. 24. 1893 (La Naturaleza 2,1. suppl. 24. 1897). Type: Habitat in Zitacuari. Floret Augusto, Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). —Crusea longifiora (Roem. & Schult.) W. R. Anderson Spermacoce tenuifolia Sesse & Moc., PL Nov. Hispan. 17. 1897 (La Naturaleza 2, I. suppl. 17. 1897). Type: MEXICO: Habitat Patzquari. Sesse & Mocino s.n. (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain. Spermacoce tenuior L., Sp. PI. 1: 102. 1753. Lectotype: Habitat in Carolina, Spermacoce verticillis tenuioribus Dillenius, Hortus Elthamensis 370, tab. 277 Jig. 359. 1732. Typotype in Herb. Sherard (OXF, from specimens grown at Eltham; by Rendle (1934: 333). Typifieatio confirmed by Verdcourt (1983). . Mocif , Fl. Mexi 4iorU 1753. Type: Habitat in plerisque Nov. Hisp. temperatis agris. Floret Julio (presumably MA, n.v.). — Status uncertain. Spermacoce tetracocca M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Soc. Bruxelles 1 12: 132. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Michoacan, Santa Maria, near Morelia, H. Galeotti 2587 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Richardia tricocca (Torr. & A. Gray) Standi, subsp. tetracocca (M. Martens & Galeotti) W. H. Lewis & R. L. Oliv. Spermacoce tetraquetra A. Rich, in Sagra, Hist. Fis. Cub. Bot. 11: 29. 1850. Type: CUBA: Without precise locality, R. de la Sagra s.n. (Holotype presumably P, n.v.; probable Isotype F (photo PTBG)). Spermacoce vegeta (Standi. & Steyerm.) C. D. Adams in W. C. Burger & C. M. Taylor, Fieldiana, Bot., n.s. 30: 320. 1993. Borreria vegeta Standi. & Steyerm., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 21. 1943. Type: GUATEMALA: Dept. Jutiapa, between Jutiapa and La Burrera, NE of Jutiapa, 800-850 m, 1 Nov 1940, P. C. Standley 76007 (Holotype F 1091300 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Spermacoce verticillata L., Sp. PI. 1: 102. 1753. Type: JAMAICA: Hort. Cliff. 33 (BM, n.v.). Borreria. For typification see Rendle (1934:331). Spermacoce villosa Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 29. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartz s.n. (Holotype presumably BM, n.v.). — Mitracarpus hirtus (L.) DC. Stachyarrhena Hook. f. , Hook. Icon. PL 1068. 1870. Type: Stachyarrhena spicata Hook. f. Stachyarrhena heterochroa Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 18: 142. 1916. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Loma de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), 10-104 m, Jul-Aug 1911,//. Pittier 4078 (Holotype US 679174 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype F). Staelia Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 3: 364, pi. 3, fig. 3. 1828. Type: Staelia thymoides Cham. & Schltdl. Staelia scabra (C. Presl) Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 385. 1931. Diphragmus scaber C. Presl, Bot. Bermerk. 81. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Habitat in Mexico, precise locality or collector not cited. Stannia H. Karst., Auswahl Gewachse Venezuela 27. 1848. Type: Stannia formosa H. Karst. Stannia panamensis Walp. & Duchass., Linnaea 23: 755. 1850. Type: PANAMA: Isthmo Panamensis, Duchassaing ? (location unknown). — Posoqueria panamensis (Walp. & Duchass.) Walp. Stenostomum C. F. Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PL 3: 69. 1806. Type: Stenostomum lucidum (Sw.) C. F. Gaertn. Stenostomum lucidum (Sw.) C. F. Gaertn., Fruct. Sem. PL 3: 69. 1806. Laugeria lucida Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 48. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality, Swartz s.n. (presumably S, n.v.). Steyermarkia Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist, Bot. Ser. 22: 216. 1940. Type: Steyermarkia guatemalensis Standi. Steyermarkia guatemalensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 216. 1940. Type: GUATEMALA: Izabal, Rio Dulce, 2-4 miles west of Livingston, on south side (left.- hand side going up river), alt. 1-3 m, 16 Apr 1940, J. A. Steyermark 39520 (Holotype F 1035008 (photo PTBG); Isotypes F 1035009, MO (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Stomandra Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 247. 1947. Type: Stomandra costaricensis Standi. [Herein treated as a synonym of Rustia Klotzsch.] Stomandra costaricensis Standi., Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 23: 247. 1947. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, basin of El General, 675-900 m, Mar 1940, A. F. Skutch 4777 (Holotype F 1044344 (photo PTBG); Isotypes MO (photo PTBG), US).— Rustia costaricensis (Standi.) Lorence ^ NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AME Strumpfia Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. 28. 1760. Type: Strumpfia maritima Jacq. Strumpfia maritima Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. 28. 1 760. Type: Curacao, in rupestribus maritimus, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). Designation of a neotype may be necessary according to Howard (1989: 469). Stylosiphonia Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type: Stylosiphonia glabra Brandegee Stylosiphonia glabra Brandegee, Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 6: 70. 1914. Type: MEXICO: Chiapas, without precise locality, 1913, C. A. Purpus 7057 (Holotype UC 173437; Isotypes F (photo PTBG), GH, n.v., MO (photos MEXU, PTBG), US). nsis Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 14: 246. 1924. Type: EL SALVADOR: San Vicente, Volcan de San Vicente, 1200-1500 m, 7-8 Mar 1922, P. C Standley 21559 (Holotype US 1 137349 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype GH, n.v.). — Rondeletia jurgensenii Hemsl. Syringantha Standi., Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 153. 1930. Type: Syringantha loranthoides Standi. Syringantha coulteri (Hook. f. ex Hemsl.) T. McDowell, Novon 6: 277. 1996. Exostema coulteri Hook. f. in Hemsl., Diag. PI. Nov. 32. 1879 [as Exostemmal Type: MEXICO: Hidalgo, Zimapan, Coulter 209 (Holotype K, n.v.; Isotype MO). es Standi, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 8: 153. 1930. Lectotype: MEXICO: [Presumably Hidalgo], entre San Diego y la Hacienda de Santiaguillo, Jul 1842, Karwinsky 308 [upper specimen] (LE, n.v., fragment F (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype MW, n.v.; designated by McDowell 1996a: 277). Syntypes: MEXICO: Santiaguillo, Jul 1842, Karwinsky 308 [lower specimen] (LE, n.v., fragment F); El Pantario et in Santiaguillo, Apr 1843, Karwinsky 308b (LE, n.v. (fragment F), MW, n.v.); Santiaguillo, Oct 1842, Karwinsky 308c [original 31} (LE, n.v., Tapogomea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 157. 1775. Type: Tapogomea violacea Aubl. Norn. rej. vs. Cephaelis Sw. 1788 (nom. cons.). [Herein treated as a synonym of Psychotria L.] Tapogomea axillaris (Sw.) Poir. in Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 7: 587. 1806. Cephaelis axillaris Sw., Prodr. 45. 1788. Type: ST. CHRISTOPHER [=ST. KITTS]: Without precise locality. Swan: s.n (presumably S, n.v.). — Psychotria aubletiana Steyerm. Tapogomea elata (Sw.) Poir.in Lam., Encycl. Meth. Bot. 7: 585. 1S06. Cephaelis elata Sw., Prodr. 45. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Without precise locality. Swartz s n. (presumably S, n.v.). — Psychotria elata (Sw.) Hammel Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 160, pi. 61. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In sylvarum locis apertis, Aublet s.n. (Holotype presumably P, n.v.; Isotype B, presumably destroyed (photo MO)). Cephaelis, Evea, Uragoga. — Psychotria " "• Arg. Tertrea DC, Prodr. 4: 481. 1830. Type: Tertrea martinicensis DC. [Herein treated as a synonym of Machaonia Humb. & Bonpl.] Tertrea martinicensis DC, Prodr. 4: 481. 1830. Type: MARTINIQUE: Richard s.n. (Holotype P, n.v.).— Machaonia martinicensis (DC) Tobagoa Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 341. 1916. Type: Tobagoa maleolens Urb. Tobagoa maleolens Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 14: 343. 1916. Type: TOBAGO: In sylvis ad Gr. Dog River, Nov 1889, Eggers 5783 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed; Isotypes K, n.v., US (photo PTBG)). Tocoyena Aubl., Hist. PL Guiane 1: 131, tab. 50. 1775. Type: Tocoyena longiflora Aubl. Tocoyena obliquinervia (Standi.) Standi., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 152. 1933. Posoqueria obliquiner\'ia Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 167. 1928. Type: COSTA RICA: Forets et bords du Rio Naranjo, 200-250 m, Mar 1893, A. Tonduz 7528 [erroneously published as 9528] (Holotype US 764158 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Tocoyena pittieri (Standi.) Standi. Tocoyena pittieri (Standi.) Standi., Contr. Arnold Arbor. 5: 151. 1933. Posoqueria pittieri Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 18: 167. 1928. Type: PANAMA: Near Hydrographic Station on Trinidad River, 17 May 1914, H. Pittier 6635 (Holotype US 716697 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Tocoyena tabascensis Standi., Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 11:273. 1936. Type: MEXICO: Tabasco, Paso de Espejo, 25 Nov 1888, J. N. Rovirosa 301 (Holotype K (photos F, MEXU, PTBG)).— Blepharidium guatemalense Standi. Tontanea Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1: 108. 1775. Type: Tontanea guianensis Aubl. [Herein treated as a synonym of Coccocypselum P. Browne.] Tontanea canescens (Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 146. 1921. Coccocypselum canescens Willd. ex Cham. & Schltdl., Linnaea 4: 139. 1829. Not C. canescens Willd. ex Schult. & Schult., 1827. Type: VENEZUELA: Buenavista prope Caracas, Humboldt & Bonpland s.n. (Holotype B-WI 2874, n.v.). — Coccocypselum lanceolatum (Ruiz & Pav.) Pers. Tontanea glabra (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 104. 1925. Coccocypselum glabrum Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 397. 1830. Type: PANAMA: Without precise locality, Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v., fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 397.14)). — Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. var. glabrum (Bartl. ex DC.) L. O. Williams Totanea guianensis Aubl., Hist. PI. Guiane 1 : 108, tab. 42. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In sylvis Cayenne, Aublet s.n. (Holotype presumably BM or P, n.v.).— Coccocypselum guianense (Aubl.) K. Schum. in Mart. Tontanea herbacea (P. Browne) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 147. 1921. Coccocypselum herbaceum P. Browne, Civ. Nat. Hist. Jam. 144, pi. 6,f. 2. 1756. Type: JAMAICA: Cooler mountains of Liguancee and Mont- Diable, P. Browne s.n. (LINN, n.v.). — Coccocypselum herbaceum P. Browne Tontanea hirsuta (Bartl. ex DC.) Standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 147. 1921. Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC, Prodr. 4: 396. 1830. Type: Precise locality unknown [probably Trinidad], Haenke s.n. (Holotype presumably PR, n.v.. fragment G-DC, n.v. (microfiche 4: 396.5)). — Coccocypselum hirsutum Bartl. ex DC. var. hirsutum /. / an c, luspidula standi., N. Amer. Fl. 32: 147. 1921. Type: PANAMA: Chagres, Isthmus of Panama, Jan-Feb 1850, A. Fendler 179 (Holotype US 42058 (photo MO); Isotype US). Coccocypselum . — Coccocypselum herbaceum P. Browne Tournefortiopsis Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 369. 1907. Type: Tournefortiopsis reticulata Rusby. [Herein treated as a synonym of Guettarda L.] Toiinn ton o/7v/s <\ tu ulata Rusby, Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 4: 369. 1907. Not Guettarda reticulata Gnseb., 1863. Type: BOLIVIA: Without precise locality, Bang 2230 (Holotype US, s Standi. Triodon A. DC, Prodr. 4: 566. 1830. Not Triodon Baumgartner, 1816. Type: Not designated. [Herein treated as a synonym of Galianthe Griseb.] Triodon angulation Benth., PI. Hartweg. 70. 1840. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Teotolcingo in montibus Chinantla, T. Hartweg 507 (Holotype K, n.v.). Diodia. — Galianthe brasiliensis (Spreng.) E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo subsp. angulata (Benth.) E. L. Cabral & Bacigalupo Uncana Schreb., Gen. 125. 1789. Norn. cons. Type: Uncaria guianensis (Aubl.) J. F. Gmel. (Basionym: Ourouparia guianensis Aubl.) f Mexican and Central Uncaria tomentosa (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) DC, Prodr. 4: 349. 1830. Nauclea tomentosa Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 221. 1819. Type: COLOMBIA: In ripa fluraen Magdalenae prope Naers, Humboldt s.n. (Holotype B-WI 3910, n.v.). Uragoga Baill., Adansonia 12: 323. 1879. Type: Not designated. Uragoga carpinterensis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 955. 1891. Based on Palicourea lanceolata Oerst. ex Pol., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 39. 1853, pro syn. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, in Monte Candelaria, 2100 m, Oersted 11556 (Holotype C, n.v. (photo and fragment F)). — Palicourea angustifolia Kunth Uragoga carthagenensis (Jacq.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 959. 1891. Psychotria carthagenensis Jacq., Enum. Syst. PI. Carib. 16. 1760. Type: COLOMBIA: Bolivar, vicinity of Cartagena, Jacquin s.n. (location unknown). — Psychotria carthagenensis Uragoga cordillerae Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 955. 1891. Based on Palicourea mexicana Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Dansk Meddel. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 37. 1853. Not Uragoga mexicana (Willd ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze, 1891. Type: COSTA RICA: In monte Barba, Oersted 11559 (Lectotype C, n.v.; designated by Standley 1938). —Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Uragoga costaricensis (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 960. 1891. Palicourea costaricensis Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 38. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Heredia, Volcan de Barba and Cerros de Candelaria, Oersted 11540 (Holotype C, n.v. (photo F); Isotypes MICH, n.v., US, n.v.). —Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Uragoga costivenia (Griseb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 960. 1891. Psychotria costivenia Griseb., PL Wright. Cuba Orient. 2: 508. 1862. Type: CUBA: Cuba Orientali, prope Monte Verde, Jan-Jul 1859, Wright 242 (Lectotype GH, n.v.; Isolectotype BR, n.v.; designated by Hamilton, 1989).— Psychotria costivenia Griseb. Uragoga crocea (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 1: 299. 1891. Psychotria crocea Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Swartzs.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.). — Palicourea crocea (Sw.) Roem. & Schult. Uragoga emetica (L. f) Baill., Hist. PL 7: 371. 1880. Psychotria emetica L. f, Suppl. PL 144. 1781. Type: COLOMBIA: America septentrionalis provinciae Gironensis, Muds 1602 (Holotype LINN, n.v.; probable Isotype US (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria emetica L. f Uragoga erythrocarpa (Schltdl.) Kuntze. Rev. Gen. PL 2: 960. 1891. Psychotria erythrocarpa Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 595. 1834. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Hacienda de la Laguna, Schiede & Deppe 385 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photo & fragment F); Isotype K, n.v ) — Psychotria erythrocarpa Schltdl. Uragoga galeottiana (M. Martens) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 960. 1891. Palicourea galeottiana M. Martens, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 14: 136. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Oaxaca, Cordillera, 6500 ft., 1840, H. Galeotti 2602 (Lectotype BR (photos MEXU, PTBG): Isolectotypes K, n.v., P (photos MEXU, PTBG); designated by Taylor & Lorence, 1985).— Psychotria galeottiana (M. Martens) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Uragoga graciliflora (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 960. 1891. Psychotria graciliflora Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 35. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, ad Naranjo, Apr 1847, Oersted 11611 (Holotype C (photos F. MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Mapouria. — Psychotria graciliflora Benth. in Oerst. Uragoga granadensis (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 2: 960. 1891. Psychotria granadensis Benth. in Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 34. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Granada, Oersted 11612 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria nervosa Sw. Uragoga grandis (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. Pi. 2: 960. 1891. Psychotria grandis Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: Interioris occidentalis, Swartz s.n. (Holotype S, n.v. (photo A)).— Psychotria grandis Sw. Uragoga horizontalis (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 300. 1891. Psychotria horizontalis Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 44. 1788. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: Without precise locality, Swartz s.n. (Holotype S, n.v. (photo A)). — Psychotria horizontalis Sw. Uragoga ipecacuanha (Brot.) Baill., Hist. PI. 7: 370. 1880. Calicocca ipecacuanha Brot., Trans. Linn. Soc. 6: 137. 1802. Type: BRAZIL: Without precise locality, Gomes s.n. (presumably LISU, n.v.). Cephaelia, Evea. — Psychotria ipecacuanha (Brot.) Stokes Uragoga justicioides (Schltdl.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 300. 1891. Psychotria justicioides Schltdl., Linnaea 9: 596. 1 834. Type: MEXICO: Barranca de Tioselo, Schiede & Deppe 259 (Holotype presumably HAL, n.v.; Isotypes B, presumably destroyed (photo MO), P (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria hebeclada DC. Uragoga longicollis (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 961. 1891. Psychotria longicollis Benth. in Oerst, Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 33. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Insula San Lucas, Oersted 11621 (Lectotype C, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype C, lower right- hand collection, mounted on same sheet as syntype Oersted 1 1622). Syntypes: COSTA RICA: In monte Aguacate, Nov 1846, Oersted 11622 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)); Aguacate, Oersted 11629 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Oersted 11621, with two leafy fruiting branches, is in excellent condition and represents the best choice for lectotype. —Psychotria horizontalis Sw. Uragoga marginata (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 961. 1891. Psychotria marginata Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: JAMAICA: In sylvestribus, Swartz s.n. (Holotype S, n.v. (photo A); probable Isotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria Uragoga mexicana (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 961. 1891. Psychotria mexicana Willd. ex Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg. 5: 189. 1819. Type: MEXICO: Without precise locality, Humboldt & Bonplands.n. (Holotype B-WI, n.v.). — Palicourea padifolia (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) C. M. Taylor & Lorence Uragoga micrantha (Kunth) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 961. 1891. Psychotria micrantha Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 3: 363, pi. 284. 1819. Type: PERU?: Without precise locality, A. Bonplands.n. (Holotype P, n.v. (fragment F)). Mapouria. — Psychotria micrantha Kunth in Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth Uragoga microdesmia (Oerst.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 961. 1891. Psychotria microdesmia Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 36. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Ad Jans, Oersted 11610 (Holotype C (photos MEXU, MO, PTBG); Isotypes C (photos MEXU, PTBG), US (photo PTBG)).— Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pavon Uragoga miradorensis (Oerst.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 961. 1891. Mapouria miradorensis Oerst, Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 14, fig. 9. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador, in quercetum, 3000 ft., F. Liebmann 11662 (Lectotype C (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isolectotype US, n.v.; designated by Hamilton, 1989).— Psychotria costivenia Griseb. var. costivenia Uragoga morae (Pol.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 961. 1891. Psychotria morae Pol., Linnaea 41: 570. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, Jun 1875, H. Polakowski 171 (Holotype B, presumably destroyed (photos GH, US)). —Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Uragoga nicaraguensis (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2:957. 1891. Psychotria nicaraguensis Benth. in Oerst., Viddensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 34. 1853. Type: NICARAGUA: Rio San Juan, Oersted 11634 (Lectotype C, here designated (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Syntype: i NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN AND CENTRAL AMERICAN RUBIACEAE COSTA RICA: Ad Jaris, Oersted 11635 (C (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Oersted 11634 is selected as lectotype as it is the most complete collection, with leaves, stipules, and a mature infructescence.— Psychotria marginata Sw. Uragoga oerstediana Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 957. 1891, nomen superfl. Based on Mapouria obovata Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 14, figs. 3,4. 1863. Not Psychotria obovata Ruiz & Pav., 1799. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, F. Liebmann s.n. (Holotype C, n.v.). Psychotria.— Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Uragoga papantlensis (Oerst.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 962. 1891. Mapouria papantlensis Oerst., Amer. Centr. 17, tab. 14, fig. 5. 1863. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Papantla, F. Liebmann s.n. (Holotype presumably C, n.v.). — Psychotria papantlensis (Oerst.) Hemsl. Uragoga parasitica (Sw.) M. Gomez, Anal. Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 3: 293. 1894. Psychotria parasitica Sw., nom. illegit. For discussion, see Steyermark, 1972: 569.— Psychotria guadalupensis (DC.) Howard Uragoga phoeniciana K. Schum. in Engl. & Prantl, Naturl. Pflanzenfam. 4(4): 120. 1891. Type: COSTA RICA: Suerre, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 300 m, Feb 1896, J. Donnell Smith 6584 (Syntype US, n.v.); same locality, J. Donnell Smith 6586 (Syntype US, n.v.) Cephaelis. — Status uncertain, probably Psychotria sp. Uragoga quinqueradiata (Pol.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 962. 1891. Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol., Linnaea 41: 570. 1877. Type: COSTA RICA: San Jose, 24 Jun 1875, H. Polakowski 135 (Lectotype B, presumably destroyed (photos BH, MO, US); designated by Hamilton, 1989).— Psychotria quinqueradiata Pol. Uragoga sessilifolia (M. Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 962. 1891. Psychotria sessilifolia M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 228. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Mirador et Zacuapan, 3000 pieds, H. Galeotti 7078 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotypes G- DEL, n.v. (photo MO), P (label states "Xalapa," photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Psychotria tenuifolia Sw Uragoga tenuifolia (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 963. 1891. Psychotria tenuifolia Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: SANTO DOMINGO: According to Howard (1989), a neotype needs to be designated. — Psychotria tenuifolia Sw. Uragoga tomentosa (Aubl.) K. Schum., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 4(4): 120. 1891. Tapogomea tomentosa Aubl., Hist. PI. Guian. 160,/?/. 61. 1775. Type: FRENCH GUIANA: In sylvarum locis apertis, Aublet s.n. (presumably P, n.v). — Psychotria poeppigiana Mull. Arg. I ragoga trichotoma (M. Martens & Galeotti) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 963. 1891. Psvchotria trichotoma M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 227. 1844. Type: MEXICO: Veracruz, Xalapa et Mirador, 4000 pieds, H. Galeotti 7092 (Holotype presumably BR, n.v.; Isotype P (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Psychotria trichotoma M. Martens & Galeotti I ragoga uliginosa (Sw.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 963. 1891 P.wchotrni uligtnosa Sw., Prodr. Veg. Ind. Occ. 43. 1788. Type: JAMAICA. According to Howard (1989), a neotype needs to be designated. — Psychotria uliginosa Sw. Uragoga viridis (Ruiz & Pav.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 2: 963. 1891. Psychotria viridis Rui/ & Pav., Fl. Peruv. 2:61. tab. 2 10, fig. b. 1799. Type: PERU: Andes de Peru, Chinchao et Macora, Jul 1894, Ruiz Lopez & Pavdn s.n. (Holotype MA, n.v. (photo MO)). —Psychotria viridis Ruiz & Pav. Valantia L., Sp. PI. 2: 1051. 1753. Lectotype: Valantia muralis L. I'alantia hvpocarpia \ . Syst. Nat., ed. 10, 1307. 1759. Type: JAMAICA: Rubia I, Browne, Hist. Jamaica 141 (Holotype LINN, n.v.). Endl. ex Griseb. Vangueria A. L. Juss., Gen. PI. 206. 1789. Type: Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel. Vangueria madagascariensis J. F. Gmel.. Syst. Nat.,ed. 13,2:367. 1791. Type: MASCARENE ISLANDS: Mauritius et Bourbon, 1770-1780, P. Commerson s.n. (Holotype P-JU, n.v.). Occasionally cultivated in tropical America and sparingly naturalized at least in Costa Rica. The name Vangueria edulis Lam., a synonym, has sometimes been applied to collections from the Neotropics. Varneria L. Type: Varneria augusta L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 136. 1759. [Herein treated as a synonym of Gardenia L.] Varneria augusta L., Amoen. Acad. 4: 136. 1759. Type: Not cited. According to Smith (1974), the description and illustration may be taken as the type. — Gardenia augusta (L.) Merr. Virecta L. f, Suppl. 17, 134. 1781. Type: Virecta biflora L. f. [Herein treated as a synonym of Sipanea Aubl.] Virecta biflora L. f, Suppl. 17, 134. 1781. Type: SURINAM: Without precise locality, Dalbergs.n. (presumably LINN, n.v.). —Sipanea biflora (L. f) Cham. & Schltdl. Warszewiczia Klotzsch, Flora 36: 716. 1853; Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin 1853: 496. 1853. Type: Warszewiczw coccinea (A. DC.) Klotzsch (Basionym: Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl.) Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin 1853: 497. 1853. Macrocnemum coccineum Vahl, Symb. Bot. 2: 38. 1791. Type: TRINIDAD: Without precise locality, von Rohr (presumably C, n.v.). Warszewiczia pulcherrima Klotzsch, Monatsber. Konigl. Preuss. Akad. Wissensch. Berlin 1853: 497. 1853. Type: PANAMA: Veraguas, von Warszewicz (Holotype B, presumably destroyed).— Warszewiczia coccinea (Vahl) Klotzsch Watsonamra Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI 1891. Type: Watsonamra macrophyll; }f»2. alfaroana Standi., J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 15: 287. 1925. Type: COSTA RICA: Alajuela, vicinity of Capulin, on the Rio Grande de Tarcoles, 80 m, 2 Apr 1924, P. C. Standley 40194 (Holotype US 1 152712 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Pentagonia. — Pentagonia tinajita Seem. Watsonamra brachyotis Stand., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 443. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Danen, Marraganti, 3 Apr 1908, R. S. Williams 999 (Holotype US 678351 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Pentagonia brachyotis (Standi.) Standi. Watsonamra donnell-smithii Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 442. 1914. Type: COSTA RICA: La Emilia, Llanuras de Santa Clara, 250 m, Apr 1896, J. D. Smith 6590 (Holotype US 355178 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). —Pentagonia donnell-smithii (Standi.) Standi. Watsonamra gymnopoda Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 444. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Colon, Loma de la Gloria, near Fato (Nombre de Dios), 10-104 m, 8 Jul 191 1, H. Pittier 3858 (Holotype US 678935 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 678934 (photos MEXU, PTBG)).— Pentagonia gymnopoda (Standi.) Standi. Watsonamra macrophylla (Benth.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 302. 1891. Pentagonia macrophylla Benth., Bot. Voy. Sulphur 105, tab. 39. 1845. Type: PANAMA: Panama, forests between Panama and Cruces, Barclay s.n. (Holotype BM, n.v.).— Pentagonia macrophylla Benth. Watsonamra pittieri Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 443. 1914. Type: PANAMA: San Bias, forests around Puerto Obladia, San Bias coast, 0-50 m, Aug 191 1, H. Pittier 4298 (Holotype US 679414 (photos MEXU, PTBG); Isotype US 679415 (photos MEXU, PTBG)). Pentagonia.— Pentagonia pinnatifida Seem. Watsonamra pubescens Standi., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 441. 1914. Type: PANAMA: Canal Zone, around Tabernilla, along the railroad, 20-25 m, 6 Jul 191 1, H. Pittier 3822 t NOMENCLATOR OF MEXICAN A (Holotype US 678894 (photo PTBG); Isotype NY, n.v.) .— Pentagonia macrophylla Benth. Watsonamra wendlandii (Hook.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 302. 1891. Pentagonia wendlandii Hook., Bot. Mag.pl. 5230. 1861. Type: Described from cultivated material, probably from Costa Rica or Panama. Type not designated.— Pentagonia wendlandii Hook. Wittmackanthus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 302. 1891. Type: Wittmackanthus s (R. H. Schomb.) Kuntze (Basionym: Calycophyllum Stanley anum R. H. Schomb.) Wittmackanthus stanleyanus (R. H. Schomb.) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 302. 1891. Calycophyllum stanleyanum R. H. Schomb., J. Bot. Hook. 3: 622. 1844. Type: GUYANA: Without precise locality, Schomburgk 356/4/1 B (Holotype K, n.v. (photo MO); Isotype NY, Xerococcus Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 52. 1853. Type: Xerococcus congestus Oerst. [Herein treated as a synonym of Hoffmannia Sw.] Xerococcus congestus Oerst., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturhist. Foren. Kjobenhavn 1852: 52. 1853. Type: COSTA RICA: Turrialba, 3000 ft., Oersted 11776 (Holotype C. n.v. (photos F, MO); Isotype K, n.v.). — Hoffmannia congesta (Oerst.) Dwyer