RARE BOOKS ADDISONIA ©. COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS ‘Tt Ee POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS PLANTS VOLUME 13 1928 PUBLISHED BY , OY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN persistent, and along with the perianth become green. Ss e numerous and very small, white-appendaged at both ends riearea a slender linear body, which is easily spread with the help of the wind. EDWARD J. ALEXANDER. PLANATION OF PLA’ 1.—A new shoot of the year, showing the base of 7 acre stalk and an nod leaf, Fig. 2.—The lower part of the pe stalk. Fig. 3.—A mature nes s leaf. Fig. 4.—The upper part of the flowering stalk and iirearence, 5A flower, x 2 Fig. 6.—The gynoecium, 3 “yi ig. 7.— The mature capsule i in the perianth, PLATE 429 ADDISONIA Ba a or MAZUS JAPONICUS ee aie J ADDISONIA é 25 (Plate 429) MAZUS JAPONICUS Oriental Mazus Native of southeastern Asia Family SCROPHULARIACEAE Ficwort Family Lindernia japonica Thunb, Fl. Jap. 253. 1784. Mazus rugosus Your. Fl, Cochinch. 385. 1790. Mazus japonicus Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 462. 1891. This dainty little plant, so much desired for rockgardens, was first described by the botanical traveler, C. P. Thunberg, who ob- served it in Japan in 1775 or 1776, growing in the crevices of walls. He considered it an eastern ally of the European Lindernia pyxidaria L,., but it was more correctly assigned independent generic status six years later by Loureiro. Father Joao de Loureiro was a Catholic missionary to Annam, where he passed thirty-six years; and it is quite likely that his discovery of our plant actually ante- dated that of Thunberg. ‘The oriental mazus is such a widespread weed through much of southeastern Asia from India to China and Japan, and on the Malayan islands, that its independent discovery was most natural. Seeds sown in hot bed or greenhouse will germinate readily, the seedlings being transplanted thence to the rockgarden. Seedlings will spring up each year; if these are collected a sufficient group can be made to give a good deal of color to the garden in June and later. Plants were first placed in the Rock Garden of the New York Botanical Garden in 1922, from the collection of Mr. Clarence Lown. The oriental mazus is an annual herbaceous plant, from a rosette- like stees of leaves sending out a number of s a rota Ss branches that terminate in lax, nearly bare Satie The low part of the stems and the leaves are loosely pilose, whic the ated part of the stems, the pedicels and the sepals are minutely pubes- cent. The leaves are opposite, the lower on petioles nearly as long as the blades, the upper sessile, all with oval blades that are distally ee and broadly dentate. Sometimes the uppermost leaves are subopposite or scattered, and the flowers are always scattered or alternate on pedicels that are three to five times the length of t inconspicuous subulate bracts. ‘The sepals are ovate and united ‘ate a tube for half their length. The corolla, nearly half an inch long, is two-lipped, the upper recurved, bifid, much shorter than the broadly poems lower lip; in color it is ‘Violet- blue, except on the raised palate of the anterior lip, which is pale and conspicuously mottled with spots that are yellow, bordered by red-brown. The four stamens are glabrous throughout, the posterior pair shorter 26 ADDISONIA than the anterior. The two stigmas are flat and widely expanded, borne at the apex of the slender wholly united styles. The rounded and glabrous capsule splits loculicidally, even dividing the septum between the two cells into two halves. The seeds are many, minute, reticulate but with the longitudinal markings rather more promi- nent than the transverse. FRANCIS W. PENNELL. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Flowering plant, Fig. 2.—Flower, with corolla and stamens removed, and calyx split de Pe 2. Fig. 3. —Corolla, ssc open, oe stamens, X 2. Figs. 4, 5.—Fru Fig. 6.—Fruit, with calyx c away, ADDISONIA PLATE 430 Me talon SALIX CAPREA ELLIPTICA } a eel ADDISONIA 27 (Plate 430) SALIX CAPREA ELLIPTICA Goat Willow Native of Europe and Asia Family SALICACEAE WILLOW Family Salix caprea elliptica Kerner, Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 10: 248, 1860. The goat willow is one which has furnished several well-known cultivated varieties. Salix caprea pendula, the Kilmarnock willow, is a dwarf weeping grafted form formerly much planted in yards and gardens. Apparently these were once extensively planted in the regions of the Bronx adjacent to the New York Botanical Garden, as plants of the ordinary upright form, representing the stock upon which the weeping variety was at that time grafted, are to be seen in many yards, furnishing in March aud April fine large catkins. he other commonly planted weeping willow, Salix babylonica, has held the interest of plantsmen for many years, but the early spring interest in sprays of “‘pussy willow’’ has brought attention to the present subject and other species. It is one of those grown commercially for the florist trade. In Great Britain, where it grows in moist places and is the earliest to flower, this is the common “‘sallow,’’ and the flowering branches are called’‘‘palm’’ by the country people. As with other willows the staminate trees are the more showy, the catkins gaudy with yellow stamens and reddish anthers after a long season of silvery ‘“pussies.’? The flowers are attractive to the earliest bees and are excellent for cutting for house decoration. Salix geted beste is a shrub or small tree with erect terete branches, brown, pubescent twigs, and buds reddish and downy. ules at the base of each petiole. The dioecious flowers are in large thick aments, sessile on the ends of branches, the staminate with many flowers each with a long fringed blac kish scale subtending two much longer stamens, the filaments white and the anthers red- dish and showy. ‘The pistillate flowers have green, black-tipped, ovate- Sarita. silky-hairy scales, subtending grey silky ovaries with bifid yellow stigmas. ‘The beaked capsules are one third o an inch long, on slender pedicels as long as the scale. KENNETH R. BOYNTON. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 1.—Part of leafy tw : cence. Fig. ©” Soucntngte: dower hawt flower, X 4. Fig. 4 owers, X 4. ADDISONIA PLATE 431 GREWIA PARVIFLORA a 1 tines item ADDISONIA 29 (Plate 431) GREWIA PARVIFLORA Small-flowered Grewia Native of North China and Korea Family TILIACEAE LINDEN Family Grewia parviflora Buege, Enum. Pl. Chin. Bor. 9. 1831. The genus Grewia, named in honor of Nehemiah Grew, an English physician and vegetable physiologist, contains about seventy species of shrubs, mostly found in warm climates. A few species like the present one have been tried under cultivation in temperate zone gardens and found to be reasonably hardy. When this shrub blooms in June and July it can scarcely be called an addition to our ornamental shrubbery, as the flowers are rather inconspicuous. It has been the fruiting season that has suggested possible development of the subject as an attractive fruiting shrub, the color of the fruit being rather unusual and the lasting qualities rather pronounced; the birds of this region do not seem to care r it. Propagation is by seeds, which germinate rather slowly, or by cuttings of new wood taken late in the year. ‘The plant from which plate 431 was made came from Washington in 1917, being one of the introductions of the Bureau of Plant Industry, United States Department of Agriculture. It is planted in the Fruticetum of the New sie Botanical Garden. Grew ora is a spreading shrub with glabrous branches and papel teeta: The leaves, which unfold in May, are ovate, ser- rate, acuminate, being occasionally somewhat lobed, hispidulus above, canescent beneath. ‘The flowers are few, aggregated at the lanceolate, acuminate sepals; the petals are five, smaller than the sepals and much shorter, each with a fringed gland at the base. There are about forty stamens, with round four-celled yellow anthers; and the stigmas are four-lobed. ‘The fruit is a four-parted erry containing four seeds, or may be reduced to a single-celled roundish berry with one seed. KENNETH R. BOYNTON. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1. aie ere: branch. Fig. 2.—Sepal, X 3. Fig. 3.—Petal, X 3. Fig. 4.—Pistil, X 3. Fig. 5.—Fruiting branch. PLATE 4232 ADDISONIA CAJAN CAJAN ADDISONIA 31 (Plate 432) CAJAN CAJAN Pigeon-pea Native of India (2) or Africa (2) Family FABACEAE PRA Family Cytisus Cajan I,. Sp. Pl. 739. 1753. Cajanus indicus Spreng. Syst. 3: 248. 1826. Cajan Catan Millsp. Field Mus. Bot, 2:53, 1900. Plants whose native country is veiled in the past are always in- teresting no matter how plain they may bein appearance. ‘Through the warmer parts of peninsular Florida, one sees the tall bush-like plants of this pea, with their numerous bright yellow flowers con- trasted against the weather-worn or whitewashed shanties of the negroes, who seem to be the only people in America who really enjoy this plant as a food. But in far away India, it is one of the most important of food plants, making a pudding but little inferior to that made from peas. Here it is commonly cultivated throughout the country up to an altitude of six thousand feet. There are two varieties common in cultivation; one, the variety favus has the flower entirely yellow within and without, and is known in the vernacular as ‘“‘thur’’; the other, the variety dicolor, has the standard veined with purple on the outside and is known as “‘arhar.’’ ‘The seeds are separated from the pods by beating, then mixed with red earth to give a bright color, and steeped in water until germination takes place. They are then removed, dried in the sun for two days, and bruised in a mill to break up the seed, which is then freed from the testa. The cotyledons are after this process called “‘dhal,’’ which is commonly used in making the vegetable curry of the Hindu, or ground into flour which is made into sweet cakes The seed is said to be easily diventect: and therefore suitable for invalids, but it is regarded as apt to produce costiveness. It also disagrees with some people, causing acidity and heartburn. A poultice made with the seeds is said to check swellings. The leaves are used in diseases of the ean the tender leaves are chewed in cases of aphthae and spongy gum The generic name Cajan is achat from the Malayan name for the plant, which is ‘‘katjang.’’ The plant is at present cultivated and escaped throughout the warm regions of the world, but rarely used as a food by any but black and & 32 ADDISONIA brown races. Its native country is lost in antiquity; but its culti- vation outside of Africa, India, and Malaya is quite historic; it was introduced from Africa into the West Indies, and has been carried by natives from there to Florida. The majority of Indian botanists do not believe it native of India, while DeCandolle regards it as native of tropical Africa, and introduced perhaps three thousand years = into India. The pigeon-pea, or congo-pea is a shrubby herb growing up to five or ax feet high in cultivation, but in the tropics becoming a bushy shrub. ‘The stem is softly silky pubescent on the ridges. Th leaves are pinnately frifoliolate, light green and glabrous above, silvery ape beneath, the individual featicts being two to four inches long, oblanceolate and acute, the terminal one the largest. The pet oe is sharply angled, about two inches long, the stipules ovate, acuminate, and verysmall. Each leaflet has two bristles at the base of its sadbichde: The stipules become first swollen at the base, and then decurrent into sharp pubescent ridges, extending far down the stem, giving it a striped appearance. e flowers terminate the main stem or its branches, in loosely branched panicles, the gland- early deciduous scale. The flowers are three fourths of an inch to an inch long, bright yellow. The calyx is glandular pubescent, of the lower lip longer than the two lateral lobes. The standard is curved back horizontally above the claw, the blade orbicular with two tubercles at the base extending into sharp auricles beneath, nearly as long as the short claw. The wings are somewhat elliptic, - : with their filaments free only for the upper fourth of their length, and alternately long and short; the filament of the tenth stamen is entirely free. The anthers are small and yellow. ‘The ovary is pubescent. ‘The st tyle is the same length as the Giasuents, inside of the tube of which it is included, slightly swollen at its point of up- ward curvature he stigma is capitate. The fruit is a curve aromatic EDWARD J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 1.—Inflorescence. Fig ea X 2. Fig. 3. ye ay Fig. 4. —A wing: petal, i 5.—A keel-petal. Figs. 6,7 —Androecium, x 2, Fig. 8.—Gynoecium, x 2, Fig.9.—Legume, Fig. 10.—Se ie PLATE 433 ADDISONIA NOTHOSCORDIUM FRAGRANS ADDISONIA 33 (Plate 433) NOTHOSCORDIUM FRAGRANS Fragrant false-onion Native of Africa and cultivated Family ALLIACEAE ONION Family Allium fragrans Vent. Descr. PI. Cels £7. 26. 1801. Nothoscordium fragrans Kunth, Enum. 4: 461. 1843. If one meets with a fragrance of vanilla near gardens of the coast- wise cities of our South Atlantic and Gulf states in May, it is likely to be traced to a plant known as the fragrant false-onion. This plant is cultivated scattered in lawns, in narrow beds along fences and hedges, and in borders. It is very vigorous, and once estab- lished not only maintains itself, but spreads rapidly, chiefly through the production of numerous bulblets, as shown in the accompanying illustration; these can be gathered from the soil by the handful where the plant grows plentifully. The umbels are normally many- flowered, and the succession of flowers gives rather a long blooming- period. In addition it is quite foliaceous as wellas floriferous. As interesting as this monocot is from the horticultural aspect, which accounts for its spreading to many parts of the world, its history is moreinteresting, even romantic. ‘The nativity of the plant has always been uncertain, until our explorations in the southern states seem to have solved the problem. It was cultivated in the ‘“Jardin de J. M. Cels’”’ and in the “‘Jardin des Plantes,’’ Paris, at the beginning of the last century. When it was published, by Ventenat, in 1801, with a description and a plate, it was recorded that Cels thought the original specimen came from Africa. Soon afterwards records appear stating that it occurred in Virginia, Carolina, Mexico, Africa, Mauritius, with varieties in Jamaica and Nepal, but doubtless the plants cited from most of these countries came from those origi- nally cultivated in France, and no one seems to have committed him- self as to its nativity. Nothing seems to have occurred in the United States to bring the plant to botanical prominence, until it was col- lected about Charleston, South Carolina, in 1912. Several years ago the writer received a letter from a former resident of Carabelle, Florida, in which the following paragraph occurred: ‘‘ At that time (1896-’97) and for some years previously ships had come there in ballast from Africa to load with lumber at the large mills then operating at Carabelle. They had discharged this ballast of African 34 ADDISONIA rock and soil at Dog Island, and many queer African growths ap- peared and flourished there . . a talk with the older settlers would inform you, sats it er ‘ worth your while to go over to the old ballast dumps and look around.”’’ It was several years before an opportunity came to examine the plant growth on Dog Island. When we did manage to visit the island we found that it had been swept nearly clean of vegetation many years earlier (1899) by a hurricane. However, in the ballast material from Africa, referred to above, we found among other remnants some bulbs and also quantities of bulblets; these were im- bedded in the clay and sand among the rocks and had survived the washing and wearing effects of the hurricane. It was winter and nothing was in flower. Bulbs were at once sent to the Garden where they flowered in the spring as fine specimens of Vothoscordium Sragrans. The generic name, NVothoscordium, is from the Greek meaning false-garlic, referring to the odorless bulb and other foliage of the plant. The fragrant false-onion has a brown ovoid bulb an inch long, with a short neck, with numerous coarse white roots at the base and producing a ring of white bulblets around the base above the roots. The 5-7 leaves are basal; the blades are narrowly linear, mainly four to fifteen inches long, up to one fourth of an chi wide, nearly flat, pale green and glaucous, acute or acutish, smooth, more or less spreading. he scape is erect, eight to eighteen inches tall, terete, glabrous, colored like the leaves. The involucre is apa in- equilateral and oblique, glabrous, the bracts striate. The mbel is erect, 8-20-flowered; the slender pedicels, colored like the aoe are cape: half to three quarters of an inch long in anthesis, elongat- the fruit matures to an inch and a quarter to an inch an vein without, otherwise white. The petals are nearly similar to the sepals, but with the blade ovate and without the colored midvein, and more obtuse. The six stamens are shorter than the sepals and petals; the filaments are much flattened, narrowly linear-lanceolate, yellow below, white above. The anthers are yellow, ovoid, notche third of an inch long, dark green, bluntly 3-lobed at the apex, often tipped with the persistent style. Joun K. SMALL. aleaf. Fig. 3.—Cross pete ee, leaf, xX 3. Fig. 4.—Top of sca with i - ae Fig. 5.—A cepa and a petal, with CAMS ip CE: S G X 2. Fig. 7.—Top of scape, with fru : ¥ : ih a) ee Stee eS : Bee ae ee oe ier oe ea ADDISONIA PLATE 434 : dL deel eg, eee / : ME Eaton. MONOTROPA BRITTONII ADDISONIA 35 (Plate 434) MONOTROPA BRITTONII Britton’s Indian-pipe Native of peninsular Florida Family MONOTROPACEAE INDIAN-PIPE Family Monotropa Britionii Small, Jour. N. Y. Bot. Gard. 28:7. f. 2. 1927. To one used to finding the common ghostly white Indian-pipe (Monotropa uniflora) in the rich northern broad-leaved forest, the discovery of colonies of a yellow-green tinted species in the sand of the Florida scrub was a surprise. In addition to its coloring and habitat the fact that it flowers and fruits throughout the year in- stead of during the short summer season of its northern relatives, distinguishes it. In fact, winter is the main flowering season. In spite of its barren habitat, Britton’s Indian-pipe is a more vigorous grower than its northern relative. Inthe colony discovered in 1919 on the Florida coast north of Pompano, each ghost-like stem bore an ochroleucous bud or a flower, either erect, horizontal, or nodding, or even curved around, the stems later becoming nearly a foot and a half tall. This indicates the probability of mycorrhiza and sym- biosis as beneficial factors in acquiring nutriment. Since its dis- covery this Indian-pipe has been found in various places as far north as the mouth of the Sebastian River or about half way up the east- ern coast of Florida. It is always found in the scrub, associated with the Florida rosemary (Ceratiola ericoides), the scrub prickly- pear (Opuntia ammophila), the false-rosemary (Conradina grandt- flora), and the knot-plume (7hysanella robusta). At the original locality it was found with scrub-oaks, heaths, spruce-pine, and saw palmetto. ‘There the tropical red-brown but- terfly-orchid or cowhorn-orchid (Cyrtopodium punctatum) grows on the cabbage-trees (,Saéa/), and three species of the northern reindeer- moss (Cladonia) carpet the sandy floor. Through this white carpet of lichens, the Indian-pipe pushes up in colonies of various sizes. The effect of the lichen covering is that of large areas of sand cov- ered with a thin blanket of snow. The generic name, Monotropa, is composed of two Greek words meaning one-turn and referring to the inclined or nodding flower. 36 ADDISONIA A synopsis of the chief diagnostic characters in addition to the color differences, of the Floridian and more northern plants follows: Plant up to 12 inches tall: pein ne leaves (scales) ovate to lanceolate, somewhat seg sepals and petals entire or somewhat eroded at the tip, glabrous or pair , fitting closely soltetiet « or overlapping at the strongly auricled base: filaments slightly ly pubescent with short hairs: lobes of the disk sharply aa posing dow nifior Plant bic to 18 inches tall, in fruit stouter throughout than J/, uniflora: cauline ‘ioe es) spatulate on the lower part of the stem, oblanceolate to ovate above, blunt or rounded: sepals and petals more or less serrate, pubescent within on the lower é part and th Sonia the filaments: filaments copiously eens with long hairs: 1 obes of the disk blunt, projecting wraiaht out ot upwar . Brittonit. Britton’s Indian-pipe grows singly or in dense colonies. ‘The like the stem at their bases, ovate near the base of the stem to lance- olate above, often somewhat pointed, becoming dark at the tip. The flower is solitary, nodding, ochroleucous or salmon-colored, on a very short and stout pedicel. ‘The sepals are ctineate-spatulate to elliptic, half to three quarters of an inch long. ‘The petals are about as long as the sepals or slightly longer, cuneate to cuneate-flabellate, saccate at the base, glabrous without, sparingly or rather copiously pubescent within, copiously ciliate on the edges except near the tip, broadly truncate and often slightly undulate at the apex. The stamens fit closely along the ovary. The filaments are linear-fili- form, copiously long-pubescent. [he anthers are white, glabrous. h ary is ovoid, seated in a disk with ten subulate blunt lobes which a aoe outward or upward, with five plate-like posi each of which is two-lobed at the apex where they meet the style. The stout Borie is more or less decidedly turbinate or saste hae The stigma is discoid, slightly rounded. The capsule is erect, ovoid or ellipsoid-ovoid, about three quarters of an inch long. Joun K. SMALL. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Plant in bud. Figs. 2,3.—Two plants in flower. Fig.4.— Sepal. Fig. 5.—Petal. Fig.6.—Gynoecium. Figs. 7, 8.—Two stamens, X 2. Fig. 9.—Capsule. PLATE 435 ADDISONIA GELSEMIUM RANKINII ADDISONIA 37 (Plate 435) GELSEMIUM RANKINII Odorless Yellow-jessamine Native of coastal southeastern United States Family LOGANIACEAE LOGANIA Family Gelsemium Rankinii Small, sp. nov. The ranks of the “‘ monotypic genera’’ have recently not held their own. North Carolina alone has been the scene of the fall of two of these well-known cases. First the popular ‘‘pyxie’’ (Pyxi- danthera barbulata) received a specific associate, and after that the yellow-jessamine followed suit, and a new species of Gelsemium came to light. No plant is better known and scarcely any one more popular in our southeastern States than the yellow-jessamine. Its garlands, festoons, and cascades of gold emphasized against a background of the greenery of its natural arbors escape noeye. For many genera- tions this Popular plant, one = the ubiquitous harbingers of spring was just ‘‘yellow-jessamine.’’ As has been recorded in reference to this fact: i ansies Jessamine in ie forest shades her tresses golden; Though | blust’ring Ma rch hath not begun Whilst April Showers deg woo the sun Still sleep on cloudy pillows. Although a second American species of Gelsemium* has been vaguely indicated for many years by herbarium specimens, little did those who adored the yellow-jessamine in its native haunts suspect that it was twin. Not until the observations of a naturalist, H. A. Rankin, of Hallsboro, North Carolina, in 1927 and 1928, was this condition’proved without adoubt. Mr. Rankin wrote: ‘‘I am again troubling you with my Waccamaw River variety of Gelsemiumm—am sending you some material today by parcel-post. One container has sprays of the typical form in full bloom, while the other has the Waccamaw River kind, but with no buds open yet.”’ “*On March 19th I saw a few scattered flowers of the typical form. Now they are a little past their prime, so I went to the river hoping to find the others in bloom, but could not find even one bud open. The diff- erence in blooming season this year will be more than twenty days.”’ The name Gelsemium is derived from “‘ gelsomino,’’ an Italian name of the old-world a or — = the olive family. Jaded in Gelsemttum *Itis true, the Asi atic gen ns Leh oa £ 38 ADDISONIA The odorless yellow-jessamine is a vine like G. sempervirens, with Page old bark brown, the bark of the twigs green, glabrous through- ‘The leaves are opposite, persistent, the blades lanceolate to oise, half to two and three quarters inches long, acute or acumi- nate, sop deep green abies: pele £ green and finely veined beneath, rou unde d at the base, short- petio le The flower-clusters are axil- lary, end stalked, 2-4-flowered, or sometimes 1-flowered. The pedicels are stout, enlarged upward, scaly at the base, naked above, the flowers are dimorphous, not fragrant. eca alyx i is green, ap- pressed to the corolla-tube, the lobes lanceolate, one sixth inch long, acuminate, glabrous, usually dark-tippe e corolla is deep- tube rather abruptly dilated when the corolla is open, abe quarters of an inch to an inch long e limb is an inch to an inch an quarter wide, spreading, ae ites ovate, scarcely a third of an inch long, varying from minutely pointed to minutely notched. The long, the — lobes rather acute. ‘The ovary is sessile in a slightly lobed disk, conic, green, slightly flattened, tapering into the style. The style is filiform, © or subulate-filiform in the short-styled flowers, green, very slightly enlarged under the stigmas. ‘The four stigmas are clavate, a obtuse. he capsule is brown, with the body elliptic, a half an inch long or nearly so, long-beaked, veinless. The seeds are eect: wingless with the edges more or less erose- crenulate The above description was made from specimens from the swamps of the Waccamaw River near Hallsboro, North Carolina, collected by H. A. Rankin, April 17, 1928. This plant also occurs in Georgia, northern Florida, and Alabama. e following synopsis will indicate the difference between the two species of Ge/semium in the southeastern states : Leaf-blades narrowed at the base: pedicels scaly throughout: calyx-lobes rose to ovate-elliptic, obtuse: corolla- sabe gradually vilated: anthers e ee cap- sule-body narrowly oblong, veiny, cee ce quarters of an inch to nearly an poe! a4; . 10 ee of the stem with capsules PLATE 438 ADDISONIA IPOMOEA MACRORHIZA ADDISONIA 43 (Plate 438) IPOMOEA MACRORHIZA Midden Morning-glory Native of coastal southeastern United States Family CONVOLVULACEAE MORNING-GLORY Family oe macrorhiza Michx. Fl, Bor. Am. 1: 141. 1803. onvolvulus macrorhizus Ell, Bot. S. C. & Ga. 1: 253. 1817. The esthetic interest of some of the prehistoric American abo- rigenes is evident in the beauty as well as usefulness of plants found on Indian village sites and kitchenmiddens. Early post-Columbian records of the white man and the present floristics of former habi- tats of Indians indicate the use of such decorative plants as coontie (Zamia), a cycad, and the china-briar (Smilax), whose under- ground stems or root-stocks were the source of starch; while in the case of the tunas or prickly-pears (Opuntia) and the palms (.Saéa/, Serenoa), the fruits were eaten. e midden morning-glory or aboriginal-potato is another plant now found on sites of aboriginal habitations. It is a relative of the sweet potato (/fomoea Batatas), but even a closer relative of the Mexican /pomoea Jalapa. Whether it is a descendant of plants in- troduced from Mexico during one of the aboriginal migrations is not known. ‘This midden morning-glory was a plentiful source of starch to the Indians. Roots weighing fifty to a hundred pounds have often been found among the oyster shells of kitchenmiddens and in the sand of hammocks. As a seedling grows its roots exert tremendous pressure and result in the production of globose cavities in the mass of oyster and clam shells packed for ages. The plant is a vigorous vine with broad gray-green leaves and showy flowers as indicated in the accompanying plate. It often blooms in the evening, the flowers expanding in late afternoon, and fading during the night; by morning the corollas are well shriveled. The capsules that follow the flowers are hidden in the slightly ac- crescent calyx and persist for many months. When the seeds are discharged they are completely hidden in a coat of silky brown hairs with black tips, which help in their dissemination by the wind. Early in the nineteenth century the plant was confused with the true Jalap (/fomoea Jalapa), and therefore the fact that its roots were used as food gave rise to investigation as is recorded by Stephen Elliott in 1817. Referring to 7. macrorhiza, Elliott records :— ‘This has been generally considered by modern botanists as the C. [Convolvulus| Jalapa of Linnaeus; but while the external char- acters of the two plants appear in many respects to agree, the medi- 44 ADDISONIA cal qualities of this by no means resembles those of the officinal by the a vigilance of the Indigenes from the curiosity of European The generic name, /fomoea, is said to be composed of two Greek words signifying bindweed used in reference to the similar habit of morning-glories and bindweeds. The aboriginal-potato is a vigorous firm-herbaceous pee vine, with large roots, which are globose or more or less irregular from pressure. The stem m and branches are widely eae Pa softly fi numerous; the blades vary from deltoid to aang oat three to five solitary in the leaf-axils or two to five together. The flower-stalks are jointed at or near the middle; the peduncle reddish; the pedicel green, enlarged under the calyx, ultimately ridged. ‘Ihe calyx is closely appressed to the base of the corolla-tube, finely, closely, and softly pubescent. he sepals are one half to three quarters of an inch long, rounded or emarginate at the apex, or acutish by the in- rolled margins, the outer ones ovate, often purple-tinged, the inner ones slightly longer and more coarsely pubescent than the outer, oval or oval-ovate when flattened out, all persistent. The corolla is Sores to four inches long; the tube is pinkish without, deep purple within, the limb three to three and a half inches wide, pale pink- purple except the throat, which shades into the bright magenta of the tube, with a wide notch at the tip of each of the five plates, each broad Aetdualied lobe notched at the middle and also with a slight notch in each secondary lobe. The stamens are included. The filaments are slender, the free parts an inch and a quarter to an inch and a half long, alternately long and short, white, magenta- tinged and with magenta glandular hairs at the point of union with the corolla-tube. The anthers are lanceolate, about a quarter of an inch long, cream-colored. The ovary, seated in an annular recep- tacle or disk, tapers into the filiform, white or greenish, glabrous style. e stigma is capitate, pale cream-colored. ‘The capsule is oval to subglobose, varying to slightly broadest above the middle or low it, one half to three quarters of an inch long, glabrous, sur- rounded. by the slightly accrescent persistent calyx. The seeds are ie in a capsule, covered with long brown spreading or ascending rs. Joun K. SMALL. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Piece — sens with a flower and a bud. Fig. 2.—Part of flower with | — corolla removed, showing an outer and an inner sepal and the gynoecium. Fig. 3,—Piece of corolla- rt showing the attachment of the stamens. Fig. 4. Cie: seated in the calyx. Fig ed. ADDISONIA PLATE 439 PLATYPUS ALTUS ADDISONIA 45 (Plate 439) PLATYPUS ALTUS Scoop-orchid Native of southern Florida and tropical America Family ORCHIDACEAE ab ORCHID Family Csriopodins W oodfordii rea Bot. Mag. 94, 167 #4 1814. 1816. Babe yids deren iy tea Small FL SE SE. OS 8.32. 1903. Platypus allus Small, F1. SE. U. S. ed. 2. 329. 191 To meet with a terrestrial orchid among our native plants taller than one’s head is, to say the least, an unusual occurrence. ow- ever, this is likely to happen in traveling in the Big Cypress Swamp of southern Florida. ‘The same plant in the Everglades and in other localities on the edge of its geographic range usually grows only knee-high or waist-high. Like many of our terrestrial orchids, particularly of the humus-lovers, the scoop-orchid has large subter- ranean storage reservoirs—pale potato-like organs as large as one’s fist or smaller, which build up one after the other from season to season. ‘These are enabled to develop and mature by the aid of long plaited leaves which resemble the seed-leaves of some palms, with the co- operation of a friendly fungus that lives in association with the subterranean parts of the plant. At an appointed time, usually as the leaf withers, a bud starts to grow at the end of a corm and de- velops into an erect stem which bears fleshy scales (leaves) on the lower part and flowers above. ‘The flowers, borne on stout spread- ing stalks, are, on the whole, rather dull, but yet conspicuous, mainly of a reddish or brownish color more or less variegated with pink and purple. The flowering period is not by any means strictly seasonal according to the calendar, for it is largely governed by temperature and moisture favorable or unfavorable to the growth of an associated friendly fungus. Thus, the plant does not flower through its range at any given season, but it may be found in flower locally, at almost any time of the year. In the United States this orchid is confined to southern Florida, occurring on both sides of the peninsula as far north as Halpatiokee River south of Fort Pierce. It always grows in a turf, not far above the water-table, which, sometimes several times a year, rises and floods the region. It is moisture-loving, and if removed to regions north of peninsular Florida it may be successfully grown under glass if kept sufficiently moist. The accompanying figure was made from plants collected in the Everglades near Royal Palm hammock, Dade County, Florida, and grown under glass at the New York Botanical Garden. Outside of Florida the scoop-orchid 46 ADDISONIA occurs in the West Indies and in tropical continental America. It is said to occur also in Africa. In some places it is known as wild- coco or ground-coco. This orchid has had a varied generic history. Since its discovery it has been associated with not less than five genera, in none of which did it belong The generic name, Platypus, is a combination of two Greek words meaning broad-foot and referring to the wide downward prolonga- tion of the column, technically called the foot. The scoop-orchid has a fist-like corm which is white, or green when exposed to the light, giving out coarse fibrous roots. The leaves, three to six in acluster, arise from the corm, with their bases involutely imbricate into a column-like neck which supports the blades. The blades are linear and attenuate at both ends, one to four feet long, plicate, with usually nine anata ribs, deep green, glabrous, channeled at the base. The flowering stem, arising be- side the leaf- cluster and bound to it at the take by the basal sheath ing, one third of an inch to an inch and a quarter long, subtended by deciduous lanceolate bracts up to a half inch long. ‘The sepals are nearly linear or linear-lanceolate, greenish brown, acute, with the lateral ones slightly broader than the median one, all about an inch long he lateral petals are linear-elliptic, one half to three quarters mG an inch long, greenish i in the center, purplish brown on the edges, obtuse. The lip is scoop-like, three fourths of an inch to an inch long, borne on the edge of the foot of the column (a black, concave; the lateral lobes directed forward, green and flecked, iting with purple; the middle lobe much larger than the lateral nes, brownish-purplish, usually paler in the middle and sometimes slightly striate, with three irregularly pee crests, a large papilla at the base of each lateral lobe, crisped on the edges. The column is hood-like, up to one half inch long, secteniaiy the foot, yellowish green except the purple blotch at the base within, with a viscid cavity orn me apical hood. ‘The anther is terminal, with the sac tipped by a spreading stout beak which is notched at the apex. ‘The San ee oe yellow, about one twenty- -fifth of an inch long. The capsule is drooping, ellipsoid, an inch and a quarter to an inch and three seat “sg with three prominent ribs and three less prominent facial ri JOHN K. SMALL. N OF PLaTE. Fig. 1.—Sketch of plant—leaves and flowering stem— one ninth natural size. Fig. 2.—Top of ng oe cae Fig. 3.—Front view of flower, showing, sepals, petal-lip, and column. Fig. 4.—Side view of flower with n sepals and ng ea showing column and foot and lip attached to the base of the foot. PLATE 440 ADDISONIA PSYCHOTRIA SULZNERI CO ADDISONIA 47 (Plate 440) PSYCHOTRIA SULZNERI Wild-coffee Native of peninsular Florida Family RUBIACEAE MADDER Family Psychotria lanceolata Chapm. Fl. S. U. S. 177. 1860. Not P. lanceolata Nutt. Psychotria tenutfolia A, Gray, Syn. Fi. N. Am. 12: 31. 1886. Not P tenutfolia Sw. Psychoiria Sulzneri Small, Fl. Miami 176. 1913. If flowers by their color attract butterflies and insure pollination, many fruits through their color attract the attention of birds which help in the dissemination of the plants. At any rate, the shrubs with bright-colored fruits have been distributed in the Florida pen- insula by the birds to their own benefit and incidentally to the in- terest of the botanist. The wild-coffee is a tropical type. Its an- cestors evidently came from the West Indies, but it is now endemic in Florida. Whether it existed in its present form in the West Indies and died out there as a species after it became established in Florida, or still grows there yet undiscovered, or whether it changed from a related West Indian type after its arrival in Florida remains to be decided. ‘The wild-coffee doubtless reached our mainland at a very early date, perhaps in later geologic time. At that time the Florida peninsula was hammock-clad—prior to the ad- vent of the pines. If it was wide-spread at that time, it was driven from the encroaching pinelands and now exists in the tropical ham- mocks of the southern end of the peninsula and in natural hammock- remnants well up in the peninsula where there is sufficient protec- tion from the destructive effects of cold spells on tropical vegetation. After the advent of man the more recent Florida aborigines made village sites whose soil was extraordinarily enriched through long occupations, and whose kitchenmiddens and burial mounds were likely places for vegetable growth. On these spots unusually lux- uriant hammocks sprang up and formed refuges for birds, both local and migratory. On these artificial habitats one invariably finds the wild-coffee, planted there in comparatively recent though prehistoric times by migratory birds, thus growing as it were on islands clad with vegetation almost wholly foreign to that of the surrounding country. There are many species of Psychotria in the West Indies. The floristics of southern Florida are strongly impregnated with West Indian types of vegetation and of species themselves. Asa result of superficial observations some of the plants of Florida were associated 48 ADDISONIA specifically with those of various West Indian islands, whereas care- ful examination proved them distinct, though sometimes closely re- lated. ‘This endemic Florida shrub was considered identical with two Antillean species for many years, the one originally from Cuba and the other originally from Jamaica. ‘The leaves of some species of Psychotria contain rubber, as recently discovered by Thomas A. Edison; those of this species may yield up to nearly one per cent of good rubber. The flowering branch on the accompanying illustration came from plants grown at the New York Botanical Garden collected in the Deering hammock at Cutler, Florida, the fruiting branch came from the hammock on the eastern shore of Lake Okeechobee, Florida. The generic name, Psychotria, is derived from a combination of two Greek words signifying soul-nourishment; the seeds of some species are used in the tropics as a substitute for coffee, hence the name ae The coffee is a shrub up to nine feet tall, the stem art opposite bel is minutely puberulent, nearly tere te. The are opposite, spreading, rather numerous; the blades are naeen elliptic to elliptic lanceolate, twoand a half to six inches long, acute to acuminate, dark green, dull tel with impressed veins above, ‘dull, light green, ssnreoatckt , and with prominent veins beneath, entire, but often undulate, sessile, with the rat rae age Me lateral veins connected at the tips by an inframarginal v he cyme is terminal, naked, trichotomous, sessile, dense, mueraake congested, any- flowered. The buds are ob ovoid, puberule nt. ‘The flowers are rather i eS nearly sessile, inodorous, The ee t e four to six sepals are minute, deltoid, acute. The corolla is green- — white, campanulate-rotate, with a campanulate tube; the four to ix lobes are ovate. about as long as the tube or shorter, acute, areas near the tip, minutely puberulent within, with the throat closed by a ring of hairs. The stamens are four to six. ‘The fila- ments are somewhat clavate, adnate to near the top of the corolla- tube. ‘The anthers are ellipsoid, fully as long as Pe free parts of the filaments. The ovaryis green, with an annulartop. ‘The style is subulate, white or purplish. The stigma is minute. The drupes are borne in dense, often crowded clusters, subglobose, about a fifth of an inch in diameter, v varying from orange to scarlet, more or less shining. The nutlets are za yellowish or brownish, flattened on the inner face, convex on the usually shallowly 5-grooved outer face. JoHN K. SMALL. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Tip of leafy branch, in flower. Fig. 2.—Fruit- ing cyme. Figs. 3, 4.—Seeds. PLATE 441 ADDISONIA IPOMOEA POLYANTHES ADDISONIA 49 (Plate 441) IPOMOEA POLYANTHES Yellow Morning-glory Native of the tropics and subtropics Family CONVOLVULACEAE MORNING-GLORY Family Convolvulus umbellatus L. Sp. Pl. 155. 1753 Ipomoea umbellata Meyer, Prim. Fl. ri F 99. 1818, Not J. umbellata 1,. 1759. Ipomoea polyanthes R. & S. Syst. 4: 234. onvolvulus 5 Se Rae B.K. aa 100 1819. Ipomoea mollicoma Miquel, Stirp. Buin 5 el. 132, 1850, Merremia umbellata Hallier f. Bot. Jahrb, “6: 552, 1893. Conspicuous when in bloom, and one of the few yellow-flowered species of the large genus /pomoea, this vine has a very wide range, from southern Florida nearly throughout the West Indies and con- tinental tropical America, north to western Mexico and grows also in tropical regions of the Old World. It is known in Cuba and Porto Rico as ‘‘Aguinaldo amarillo’. It usually inhabits thickets, twining on bushes, sometimes attaining a length of fifteen feet or more. Our cies is from a vine studied by Mrs. Horne at Mayaguez, Porto Ipomoea sean is a slender, nearly smooth, herbaceous vi The leaves are slender-stalked and from about two inches to ns four inches long, varying in shape sre ovate to lanceolate or nearly orbicular, with a cordate or sagittate base, the apex acute, sonra si or obtuse, or rounded; they are glabrous or the under s lent. The flowers are few or several together at the end of a snes axillary peduncle, on pedicels from about half an inch to about an inch in length; the sepals are oval, blunt, mucronulate, about one third of an inch long; the bright yellow nearly funnelform corolla has a tube about an inch long and a spreading limb; the ovary is two-celled. The fruit is a subglobose capsule, about one third of an inch in diameter, which one open when ripe, containing vel- vety seeds. _N. L. Brirron. EXPLANATION OF PLATE, Fig. 1.—A floweringend. Fig. 2.—A cluster of fruits 5 ge ites ort an 2a a, aes ae PLATE 442 JUSSIAEA ANGUSTIFOLIA ADDISONIA St Oo ADDISONIA 51 (Plate 442) JUSSIAEA ANGUSTIFOLIA Yerba de Clavo Native of the southeastern United States and tropical America Family ONAGRACEAE HVENING-PRIMROSH Family Jussiaea angustifolia Lam. Encyc. 3: 331. 1789. Jussiaea ociophila DC. Prodr. 3: 57. 1828, Jussiaea suffruticosa Sintenisii Urban, Symb. Ant. 4: 469, 1910, The genus /ussiaea, dedicated by Linnaeus to the eminent French botanist and physician Bernard de Jussieu (born 1699, died 1777), comprises about fifty species, of tropical and subtropical dis- tribution, mostly American. They are perennial herbaceous plants or low shrubs, mostly inhabiting wet or moist open situations, some of the species aquatics. Their leaves are alternate, nearly always entire-margined, their flowers solitary in the axils. The calyx has a prismatic or cylindric tube, not prolonged beyond the ovary, its limb four-parted to six-parted. There are from four to six, usually yellow petals, mostly longer than the calyx-segments, from eight to twelve stamens and a four-celled to six-celled ovary. The fruit is a cylindric, prismatic, or clavate capsule, ribbed or angular, de- teriorating in age, containing many small or minute seeds. _/ussiaea peruviana, another widely distributed species of this genus, has been illustrated on plate 118 of ADDISONIA. Jussiaea angustifolia, one of the larger species ot the genus, grows in southern Florida and Texas, inhabiting marshes and ditches, as also in the West Indies; in continental tropical America it ranges from northern Mexico to Bolivia, French Guiana, and Paraguay. This species has been confused in botanical literature with /ussiaeca suffruticosa of Linnaeus. Our illustration is froma painting by Mrs. Horne of a plant grow- ing at Mayaguez, Porto Rico. The yerba de clavo is a stout herb, upright, ce branched, sometimes three feet high, usually lower. The thin, linear to ob- So gp a are from one to four inches ae. short- stalked, tal eek a in each of its cavities. N. L. BRITTON. -" = ke Se oa 5 ining He PLATE 443 ADDISONIA TETRAZYGIA ELAEAGNOIDES ADDISONIA 53 (Plate 443) TETRAZYGIA ELAEAGNOIDES Cenizo Native of Porto Rico, the Virgin Islands, and Hispaniola Family MELASTOMATACEAE MEADOW-BEAUTY Family anes elaeagnoides Sw. Prodr. 72, 1788. Tetrazygia elaeagnoides DC. Prodr, 3: 173. 1828. The meadow-beauty family, represented in eengkrats North America only by a few species of the herbaceous genus Rhexia, attains great development in tropical coer, spear in northern South America, comprising in all t 1 species, grouped in about one hundred and ilty-~ aetines most of them are ahvuhe or small trees. All have opposite leaves, mostly with three to nine strong nerves, regular, often showy, variously clustered flowers, the often inclined or declined stamens as many or twice as many as the petals, with anthers opening by pores; the fruit is either a berry or a capsule. The genus 7efrazygia (Greek, referring to the four-parted flowers of the typical species), proposed by L. C. Richard and published by de Candolle in 1828, comprises sixteen species of shrubs and trees, all West Indian, bearing rather small clustered flowers at the ends of the branches. ‘The calyx is constricted just above the ovary, with a four-lobed or five-lobed or nearly truncate limb. There are four or five obovate petals and eight or ten stamens with slender filaments and narrow anthers. ‘The ovary is four-celled or five- celled, the filiform style curved, the stigma very small. The fruit is a fleshy berry. Our illustration is reproduced from Mrs. Horne’s painting of a plant growing at Hato Rey, near San Juan, Porto Rico. Tetrazygia elaeagnoides is a tree, reaching a maximum height of ic in small clusters mostly shorter than the leaves. The calyx is scurfy, about one fifth of an inch long, its limb with four short lobes. ‘There are four white petals about twice as long as the calyx. The fruit is a four-lobed berry, about a third of an inch thick. N. L. BRITTON. anieriiy® oy PLATE 444 ADDISONIA CHAMAECRISTA SWARTZII - ADDISONIA 55 (Plate 444) CHAMAECRISTA SWARTZII Tamarindillo Native of the eastern Antilles Family CAESALPINIACEAE SENNA Family Cassia Swarizii Wickstr. Sv. Vet.-Akad. Handl. 1825: es a Chamaecrista complexa Pollard, Field ee Bot. 2: Fi Chamaecrista Swartzti Britton, "Bull. Torrey Club 44 ‘017 Cassia glandulosa Swartzii F. Muchride, ¢ contr. Guy Herb, $0: 26. 1919, The genus Chamaecrista Moench (Greek, a low crest), established in 1794, includes about one hundred species of herbaceous plants and low shrubs widely distributed in temperate and tropical regions; two of them, C. zzctifans and C. fasciculata, range north into the northeastern United States; there are several species in Florida, and many in the West Indies and continental tropical America. ‘Two have already been illustrated in Apprsonza, C. Deeringiana of Florida on plate 121, aud C. miradilis of Porto Rico on plate 335. They all have alternate, evenly pinnate, stipulate leaves, in some kinds sensitive to shock, the leaflets mostly several or many pairs, but in some tropical species only one or two pairs. The yellow flowers are solitary or in small clusters at or above the leaf-axils; the five calyx-lobes are pointed; there are five petals variously un- equal in size and shape; the five or ten stamens usually all have anthers which open by aterminal pore. ‘The fruit is a linear, flat legume, its valves elastically separating and twisting. Chamaecrista Swartzii is frequent on banks and hillsides and in thickets, at lower and middle elevations, on Porto Rico, Hispaniola, the Virgin Islands, and the Lesser Antilles, conspicuous when in flower. Our illustration is from a plant growing in the a Rico mountains between Aibonito and Coamo. The ¢amarindillo is a slender, rile hairy shrub, about five feet high or lower, conspicuous when in flower. ‘The leaves are short-stalked, the petiole bearing a stipitate gland or sometimes two; there are from fifteen to twenty-five pairs of oblong or oblong-ob- nearly central midvein and many lateral veins. he showy, flowers are solitary or two or three together above the leaf-axils; they are about one inch broad, the unequal petals longer than the sepals, and there are five unequal stamens. ‘The pod is were linear, about two inches long and one sixth of an inch wi N. L. BRITTON. PLATE 445 ADDISONIA - \ “a Vn. Horne & COLUMNEA TULAE ADDISONIA 57 (Plate 445) COLUMNEA TULAE Tibey parasitico Native of Porto Rico Family GESNERIACEAE GESNERIA Family Columnea Tulae Urban, Symb. Ant. 1: 409. 1899. The tropical American genus Columnea was dedicated by Linnaeus to the eminent Italian Fabio Colonna, who lived from 1567 to 1640. It includes about seventy-five species of shrubby plants, many of them epiphytes, attached to trees by aerial roots. They have oppo- site leaves and axillary, red or yellow flowers. The calyx is five- cleft or five-parted. The corolla-tube is straight or somewhat curved, the limb two-lipped. There are four perfect stamens, borne at the base of the corolla-tube, their anthers coherent, and one separate, imperfect stamen (staminodium). The pistil has a superior one- celled ovary, a slender style and a cleft or entire stigma. ‘The fruit is berry-like, the numerous seeds small, The present species is confined to Porto Rico, growing on trees in wet or moist districts, most abundant in mountain forests. Mrs. Horne’s painting was made from a plant growing on a tree near Comerio. The stem of Columnea Tulae is two feet long, or shorter, four- sided and hairy. ‘The leaves are oblong or elliptic, entire-margin or obscurely crenate, short-hairy on both sides, one or two inches long, short-stalked, rather strongly pinnately veined, the apex acute or obtuse. The stalked flowers are solitary at the axils; the calyx is about half an inch long, its lanceolate, hairy, pointed segments separate nearly to the base; the corolla is about two inches long, yellow, red, or scarlet, its finely hairy, slender tube much longer than the lit mb. ‘The nearly globular, white fruit is nearly a half inch in diameter. N. L. BRITTON. a oh 0 LO in ee ee seep : on ates lan 3 ‘5 a et aes i en a ole den sata he et "4 as, Na ety iden 7 ay a Te Fa, Sag te . bt = aad PLATE 446 ADDISONIA RUBUS ROSAEFOLIUS v ADDISONIA 59 (Plate 446) RUBUS ROSAEFOLIUS Mountain Raspberry Native of southeastern Asia Family ROSACEAE Rosk Family Rubus rosaefolius Smith, Pl. Ic. Ined. p/. 60. Rubus rosaefolius coronarius Sims, Bot. Mag. bh P83, 1816. This is an Asiatic species of the large genus Audus, which has become so thoroughly naturalized in some of the West Indian islands as to appear indigenous. It is established in Cuba, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, St. Kitts, Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, Mont- serrat, and St. Vincent, in Hawaii, and locally in Colombia, Peru, and Brazil. ‘The date of its introduction into the West Indies is not accurately known. No record is made of it in the Lesser An- tilles in Grisebach’s ‘‘Flora of the British West Indies,’’ published 1859-1864, but a specimen in Dr. Torrey’s herbarium collected in Guadeloupe by Dr. Madiana, proves its occurrence in that island prior to 1827. Its beautiful red, or sometimes orange, fruit is edible; in Porto Rico where the plant is superabundant locally in moist or wet districts it is extensively collected and sold under the Spanish name /reses, which properly applies to strawberries. On the Porto Rican mountain roads children appear at frequent intervals with baskets of this attractive fruit for sale to travellers. The variety coronarius is the double-flowered form of the species, occasionally planted for ornament and sometimes escaped from gardens in Porto ico. Plate 446 is reproduced from a painting of a plant at Aibonito, Porto Rico. Rubus rosaefolius is a weak shrub, about three feet high, or lower, the slender, often recurved branches armed with small prickles. Its pinnate leaves have from Sa to fifteen leaflets; the petioles are hairy, the stipules very n w; the thin, hairy or smooth leaflets are ovate or lanceolate, rae strongly veined, from one and one half to about three inches long, toothed, pointed, the lateral ones sessile, the terminal one ote cele. the flowers are solitary or two or three together, an inch to an inch and a half broad, on hairy usually prickly stalks; there are five narrowly lanceolate, a pointed sepals, five obovate, white petals, and numerous short stamens. ‘The fruit is thimble-shaped or nearly globular N. L. BRrvron. PLATE 447 ADDISONIA VOLKAMERIA ACULEATA i settee see ears ADDISONIA 61 (Plate 447) VOLKAMERIA ACULEATA Prickly Myrtle Native of tropical America Family VERBENACEAE VERVAIN Family Volkameria aculeata I,. Sp. Pl. 637. 1753. Clerodendron aculeatum Griseb. Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 500. 1861. Ovieda aculeata Baill. Hist. Pl. 11:95. 1892. The genus Volkameria was established by Linnaeus in 1753, in honor of the Nuremberg botanist J. C. Volekamer (born 1644, died 1720). It is avine-like, spiny shrub, with petioled, opposite, small entire-margined leaves, the white flowers borne in cymes. h small bell-shaped calyx is five-toothed; the salverform corolla has a slender tube and a five-lobed limb; there are four long and slen- der, purple, unequal stamens, about as long as the slender style. The fruit is globular, four-grooved, containing four nutlets united in pairs. The only species of the genus inhabits coastal thickets and hill- sides nearly throughout tropical America, usually, or always, within saline influence. In Porto Rico the Spanish name escambron blanco is applied to it and it is called “‘crab prickle’’ in the Virgin Islands. Mrs. Horne’s painting, here reproduced, was made from a bush growing near the southern coast of Porto Rico near Santa Isabel. Volkameria aculeata is bushy, sometimes half-climbing, with stems about ten feet long or shorter. ‘The slender branches are finely an densely hairy and armed with stout opposite spines one sixth to one third of aninch long. The slender-stalked leaves vary from oblong stalked cymes, borne on puberulent pedicels one fourth to more than half of an inch long; the small calyx has five acute teeth; the tube of the corolla is about three quarters of an inch long, its limb about half an inch wide. ‘he slightly fleshy fruit is a quarter to a third of an inch in diameter N. L. BRITTON. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A flowering branch. Fig. 2.—The fruit. PLATE 448 ADDISONIA PENTARHAPHIA ALBIFLORA ADDISONIA 63 (Plate 448) PENTARHAPHIA ALBIFLORA Porto Rico Pentarhaphia Native of Porto Rico Family GESNERIACEAE GESNERIA Family Pentarhaphia albiflora Decaisne, Ann. Sci. Nat. III. 6: 101. 1849. Gesneria albiflora Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 473. | 1891. This is a rather common shrub or small tree in Porto Rico, and is restricted in distribution to that island. It inhabits woodlands, thickets, rivet-banks, and hillsides in both moist and dry districts. but has not been observed in the forests of the higher mountains. Mrs. Horne’s painting was made from a shrub found between Caguas and Cayey. The genus Pentarhaphia was established by Lindley in 1827, the name (Greek) given with reference to the five-ribbed calyx-tube; there are some thirty species known, all shrubs and small trees, natives of tropical America. ‘They have rather thick, entire-mar- gined or denticulate leaves and usually long-stalked flowers. The calyx-tube is adnate to the ovary, the five calyx-lobes narrow. The corolla is more or less bell-shaped, with a five-lobed, somewhat oblique or two-lipped limb. ‘There are four perfect stamens with long slender filaments, their anthers coherent. The style is also long and slender. ‘The capsular fruit is about as long as the calyx- tube. Pentarhaphia albiflora sometimes forms a small tree, twelve t sixteen feet high, but is usually shrubby and lower. Its slen der twigs and its leaves are glabrous. ‘The leaves are from two to about four inches long, and vary from oblong-lanceolate to elliptic- a white, yellow, bro ca pat he i tie ht! - r ean the cals -tube. s piste as onge fz N. L. Brrrron. | INDEX Bold face type is used for t CAPITALS for he Latin names of plants illustrated; sMALL names of families illustrated and for the — of the authors of the mere italics for other Latin names, including synon papi, snag > h 43 Ageratum, Win ae A aldo amarillo, 49 ALEXANDER, JOHNSTON: Azalea feet ier 17; Cajan : Helonias bullata, 23; "Uva- Ursi, 3; Verbena ACEAE: Nothoscordium fragrans, pl. ream fragrans, 33 Trachymene coerulea, aed s Uva-Ursi eg tinaibe Ba Test 3 Arhar, 31 ‘Azalea, Flame, Azalea pcan Epa 17, plate 425 asella, g alba, a i plate 4 BASELLACEAE: Ba. og rubra, pl. £20 Bear-berry, 3 Bletia hae 41, plate 437 Bothriocline Schimperi tomentosa, 1 Bo vie KENNETH ROWLAND: Bud- asiatica, 5; Congea tomentosa, Bret do age sur a, 1; Grewt ro ora, 29; gularia Kaemp- a, 63; Rubus rosae- folius, 59; Tetrazygia elacagnotdes, Vol ia aculeata, 6 Broom-crowbe Buddleia, asiatica, 2 plate 419 Colvillet, 5 globosa, 5 globosa x Davidi magnifica, 5 officinalis, 5 65 Bunch-flower Page 23 Butterfly-bush, White, 5 Bu utterfly-orchid, 35 pee lee 35 EAE: Chamaecrista Swartz, Po 444 Cajan, ad. 31, plate 432 Cajan bicolor, 31 Viburnum Carlesii, pl. Cardinal-flower, 11 CARDUACEAE: Erlangea tomentosa, ” — Ligeiler$s. ‘Raceaten aureo- ta, pl. 424 Carrot family, 13 Caryopteris, 19 ar landulosa Swartati, 55 _ Swart att, TRACEAE: Maytenus phyllan- ‘thoides, pl. 486 53 Cephalocereus, 39 Deeringu, ig keyensis, Ceratiola ericoides, 35 5 e 444 5 Tulae, 57, plate Congea tomentosa, 19, eon 426 Congo-pea, Conradina grandiflora, 35 66 CoNVOLVULACEAE ea macro- . Sag o pl. 438; et : salueaiaia: Convolvulus Jalapa, 4 canteen’ 43 sagittifer, 4 umbellatus, 29 Siok bl 43 Corema Conradvi, 3 Cornus officinalis, ie Cowhorn- Sn ae aps EAE; Sedum ternatum, pl. Ane Woodfordii, 45 Cyrtopodium : punctatum, 35 Woodfo na 45 Cytisus Cajan, 3 Didiscus coeruleus, 13 Duranta, 19 ERICACEAE: Azalea eer pl. 425 ; hips Ursi Uva-Ursi, pl. 418 ‘ Erlangea, ’ ec 1, plate 417 Evening-primrose family, 51 FABACEAE: Cajan Cajan, pl. 432 False-onion, Fragrant, 33 emar Farfugw _ Figwort family, Gelsemium, 3 i "37, sale 435 wire ase sess ap Gesner ts, aoe Gustmmacsae ios Col Tulae, pl. ; Pentarhaphia pte ioe pl. 448 : Golden. club, 2 y Saal yee 29 Grewia, 29 parviflora, 29, plate 431 eee ring a y EF nias bullata, 23, Ye 428 Hobblebush, America Honeysuckle family, 9 Houseleek, 22 Hydrocotyle, 13 Indian-pipe, Britton’s, 35 mmon, 35 Indian-pipe family, 35 Ipo Batatas, 43 - ADDISONIA Jalapa, macrorhiza, 43, itt. 488 mollicom povranin sl a plate 441 umbellata, 49 Tronweed, 11 Jacquinea keyensis, 39 Jalap, 4 Jasmine, 37 Jessamine, 37 Joewood, 39 Jussiaea, 51 stifolia, 51, plate 442 sha hh 51 per 3 Ot suffre ruticosa, 51 suffruticosa Sintenisit, 51 Katjang, 31 Kungea, 19 pte Blue, 13 ueath ] ail ] vender beer 19 ] ] , 24 poser a 15 ray de la 37 Li 15 ‘livarum, 15 ica ia ; = 4 aureo-maculata, 15, 4 Wilson , 15 cEAE: Buddleia asiatica, pl. 119; Gelsemium Bankinii, r- 435 bead Madder ae 47 ] adeira vine family, nd Mayten, Northern, 0 Maytenus, 39 ETE 39, plate 436 Mazus, Oriental, ADDISONIA snips neRE: 25, plate 429 Waddle teanty family, 53 — THIACEAE: Holonias bullata, pl. 4 Faye pened 53 MELASTOMA'