o 2 RARE 800Ks ADDISONIA 4 beat aaah COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS PLANTS VOLUME 21 1939—1942 NY wis \ nb aS Ce Yen SE Y SALES ‘WS ES a: AY — ot PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN (ADDISON BROWN FUND) 4 Nia oN 44 / a 4 a. A ¥ A: = <* A PLATE CONTENTS Part 1 May 20, 1939 Leucocoryne ixioides Hugeria erythrocarpa Clematis texensis Cooperia Smallii Lonicera canadensis Chrysopsis hyssopifolia Campanula divaricata Strophanthus Preussii Part 2 August 6, 1940 Aechmea fulgens discolor Tradescantia Warscewicniana Sanchezia parvib Penstemon dissectus Primula obeconica Solanum sisymbrifolium Glycosmis citrifolia Rondeletia leucophylla BPSNRSRS5 Part 3 May 10, 1941 Pyrrheima fuscata Jussiaea diffusa Brodiaea capitata Cyrtanthus Mackenii Cooperi Crataegus Harbisoni Dendrobium chrysotoxum Gardoquia coccinea Streptocarpus Rexii SESESRLRS Grindelia odlepis Index Part 4 November 30, 1942 Anthericum Chandleri ADDISONIA Renealmia ventricosa Tradescantia micrantha Commelinantia anomala Trixis radialis . Verbena maritima Talinum Mengesii ADDISONIA COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS Or PLANTS = ANNOUNCEMENT A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by a former President, Judge Addison Brown, established the ADDISON BROWN FUND ““the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the main- tenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial posses- sions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conserva- tories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.’’ The preparation and publication of the work has been referred to Mr. Edward Johnston Alexander, Assistant Curator. AppISONIA is published as a magazine onee-yearly, in April. Each part consists of eight colored plates with accompanying letter- press. The subscription price is $10 per volume, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not be sold separately. Address : THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK NEW YORK CiTy Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the _ parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 to 20 has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate _ parts can be supplied. PLATE 673 ADDISONIA » "orensen LEUCOCORYNE IXIOIDES ADDISONIA 1 (Plate 673) LEUCOCORYNE IXIOIDES Glory-of-the-Sun Native of Chile Family ALLIACEAE Onion Family Brodiaea ixioides Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 2382. 1828. Leucocoryne ivioides Lindl. Bot. g. sub. pl. 1298. 1830. Leucocoryne ivioides odorata ‘C, Elliott’, Gard. Chron. III. 85: 252. 1929. The Chilean bulbous plant to which Clarence Elliott in 1928 gave the name Glory-of-the-Sun was first described and figured in 1823 in the Botanical Magazine, Plate 2382, as Brodiaea ixioides. The material from which the original description was prepared was col- lected near Valparaiso and was flowered near London in October. Seven years later Lindley transferred the new plant to the genus Leucocoryne. For half a century following its original introduction occasional references to our plant occur in horticultural literature and from this source we learn that several consignments of bulbs reached Europe, but later it appears to have been lost to cultivation and present day gardeners did not have an opportunity of seeing Leucocoryne txiodes until Clarence Elliott reintroduced it in 1928. Writing of his Andean expedition in the Gardeners’ Chronicle Vol. 85: 262 Mr. Elliott tells of first seeing the flowers in white, lilac and blue forms offered for sale in the market place at Valparaiso. The blue form he says is the best and this probably accounts for the ob- vious superiority of the form figured here over the early pictures of this species, most of which depict white or lilac flowers. Of Lewco- coryne ixioides Mr. Elliott writes that it has ‘‘wiry, eighteen-inch stems carrying loose umbels or heads of anything up to six or eight Chionodoxa Luciliae blossoms, the same shape and texture, the same size, or often considerably larger, and the same splendid clear China- blue passing to a white center, but with three-yellow stamens lying out of the perianth. Its length of wiry stem gives it an added grace, both growing and when picked, while as a crowning glory it is deli- ciously fragrant with a rich, sweet almond scent. Chionodoxa Luciliae is called Glory-of-the-Snow, and I shall call the Leucocoryne . So like Chionodoxa in many ways . . . Glory-of-the-Sun.”’ Upon inquiry Mr. Elliott discovered that the flowers he saw in Valparaiso were obtained from Coquimbo, some two hundred miles to the north along the coast. Mr. Elliott and his companion Dr. Balfour Gourley made their way to Coquimbo and shortly after their arrival were taken to a farm five or six miles out of town where they found the Glory-of-the-Sun growing in great profusion. Quoting Mr. Elliott he says ‘‘Never have I seen such an astounding flower picture. It grew in misty sweeps by the mile and by the million, springing leafless from the bare, barren ground—For an hour or so 2 ADDISONIA we just wandered about among these fields of Leucocoryne, too astonished and enchanted to take a single blossom or dig a single bulb.’? Eventually, however, a considerable quantity of bulbs was collected for trans-shipment to England. The soil in which they grew was sandy and stony and due to the fact that they were buried so deeply considerable difficulty was encountered in digging them. From the bulbs sent home by Mr. Elliott and planted about mid- Summer, flowers were obtained the following spring. On March 26, 1929 under the name of Leucocoryne ixioides odorata the Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain gave the plant an award of merit. The Glory-of-the-Sun was exhibited for the first time in America by John T. Scheepers, Inc. at the International Flower Show held in New York City in March 1931 and on this occasion received a Gold Medal Award. Both here and abroad it was much publicised as a plant of great promise for cut flower purposes, but the expectations aroused among horticulturists have hardly been justified by its sub- sequent behavior in gardens—at least this is true in Eastern North America. Natural vegetative increase does not appear to occur in Leucocoryne ixioides and plants raised from seed vary very consid- erably in color, size of flower and number of flowers in the umbel. Under greenhouse cultivation the Glory-of-the-Sun responds to con- ditions which suit Freesias—a cool airy house, full sunlight, careful watering and a well drained soil. In milder parts of the West Coast it ean be grown in the open air. The Glory-of-the-Sun is a scapose herb arising from a globose bulb which is covered with a membranous brown tunic. The leaves are linear, bright green, up to ten inches long and one-eighth of an inch wide, strongly striate, acute, slightly concave on the upper side, semi- flower-scapes and number three or four to each bulb. The scapes are green and wiry, erect, terete, up to eighteen inches long. i rescence is a terminal umbel with two to ten sweet-scented flowers one and one-half to two and one-half inches across. The spathe is two- wide, brownish-green. The perianth Segments are spreading, about long pletely included. The gynoecium is one-fourth of an inch long; the ovary columnar, shallowly three-lobed ; the style columnar, white ; the stigma capitate and eae The fruit is a three-celled, dehiscent, ack, T. H. Everert. LANATION OF PLATE. Wig. 1.—Inflorescence in bud. 2.—Inflorescence in leaves. Fig. 4.—The corolla, Fat tach 14. Fig. 5.— Bxp. flower, a. 3.—A bulb and The um x 3. PLATE 674 ADDISONIA HUGERIA ERYTHROCARPA ADDISONIA 3 (Plate 674) HUGERIA ERYTHROCARPA Southern Mountain Cranberry Native of the Southern Appalachians Family VACCINIACEAE BLUEBERRY Family Vaccinium se as ath Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 227. 1803, Owycoccus erythrocarpus Pers. Syn. 1: 419. 1805. Schollera éryshcoonton Britton, feta: Torr. Bot. Club 5: 252. 1894. Hugeria erythrocarpa Small, Fl. Se. U.S. 897, 1336. 1903. Oxycoccoides erythrocarpus Nakai, Tokyo Bot. Mag. 31: 247. 1917. It was a bronzy-golden September afternoon. The mountain val- leys were tinged with the bluish patina of Autumn mist and the air was filled with the aromatic pungency of spruce and fir. It was there along one of the high trails of the Great Smoky Mountains, marked only by the broad tracks of the black bear, that I first tasted the fruit of the Southern Mountain Cranberry Then, even as now, I wondered why some enterprising person did not bring so delightful a fruit into cultivation. To be sure, if one expects a mild and bland flavor, the first taste is likely to be some- thing of a surprise, for the fruits are definitely acid. However, races from different localities vary considerably in palatibility, as do indi- vidual plants in the same patch and, having eaten enough of them, I am certain that with a little searching, excellent forms could be found; races which would be superior, both in productivity and flavor of fruit, to the ling-berry (Vitis-idaea punctata which, al- though also native in this country, we still import from Europe) and our own native cultivated cranberry (Oxycoccus macrocarpus). Aside from the possibility of adding this plant to those of our native cultivated fruits, the Southern Mountain Cranberry is inter- esting in belonging to that group of genera limited in their distribu- tion to the mountains of our southeastern states and to eastern Asia. Originally described as a Vaccinium, it was early recognized as not belonging with the blueberries and, on the basis of its corolla, was placed with the true cranberries. Study of the basic anatomy of the © genera involved led me some years ago to conclude that Vaccinium, Oxycoccus and Hugeria should be separated; that the corolla form of the latter two was probably a case of parallel evolution and, there- fore, that the late Dr. J. K. Small was correct in establishing the genus Hugeria' as we know it today. In addition to our species, sev- eral others are found in Japan, Korea and certain mountainous parts of China 1The genus Hugeria, was named in honor of Arthur Middleton Huger, author, poet and nature lover; born Fos 20, 1842, at Savannah, Ga.; died 4 15, es R a con- siderable influence our rstanding £ the botany of the Southewe States for one of the prized poauanabinar: i the late Dr. J. K. Small was a copy of Chapman’s Flora which contained ros goa 2 notte done in Huger’s ex fine scri = ,of these pertinen tions were incorporated in the text of 8 various aaa 4 ADDISONIA The Southern Mountain Cranberry is a common plant at fairly high altitudes in the Southern Appalachians, often being associated with the indigenous spruce and fir forests of the region. It reaches its maximum development in the forest openings near the lower limits of the spruce and, where it is present without the spruce, it is safe to assume that the spruce has become extinct in the region in the not very distant geological past. The present distribution of the Southern Mountain Cranberry is from the borders of South Carolina and Georgia northward on the metamorphic and igneous Southern Appalachians through Tennessee and North Carolina into the higher Blue Ridge of Virginia and is also sometimes locally abun- dant at the higher elevations in the Alleghenies of Virginia and West Virginia. The flowering materials here illustrated were fresh specimens col- lected on White Top, Virginia (Camp 1159) ; the fruiting material was obtained through the courtesy of Dr. H. M. Jennison who col- lected it in the Great Smoky Mountains of Tennessee. The Southern Mountain Cranberry is a divergently branched shrub one to six feet high with irregular or zig-zag twigs pubescent in broad lines, or sometimes nearly glabrous. The deciduous leaves are one to three inches long and one-half to one inch wide, reticulate- veined, thin, light green above and slightly paler beneath or occa- sionally quite pallid. nding on the race, individual, age, or portion of the plant, the leaves vary from oval to narrowly lanceolate or even sub-falcate; they are long-acuminate at the apex and rounded, truncate, or rarely sub-cordate at the base, with those at the ends of the branches sometimes basally obtuse or broadly cuneate. inch long, deeply four-parted, the lobes strongly reflexed and five to six times as long as the tube, generally deep pink, or in some races varying from nearly white to red. Due to the reflexed corolla lobes, the stamens appear exserted ; the filaments are slightly less than one- acid. W. H. Camp. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—Flowering branch. Natural size. 2.— Flower at anthesisx 2.5. Fig. 3.—The inferior ovary with le x 2.5. Te 4.— Adaxial view of stamen x 5, 5.—Side view of stamen x 5. 6.—Twig with maturing fruit. Natural size. 7.—Pyriform fruit,—not unusual in some races. PLATE 675 ADDISONIA Mov ELelon CLEMATIS TEXENSIS ADDISONIA 5 (Plate 675) CLEMATIS TEXENSIS Scarlet Clematis Native of Central Texas Family RANUNCULACEAE CrowFroot Family cower texensis Buckl. Proc. Acad. Sci. Phil. ‘1861’ : i es i ay 1852, One of the prize contributions to horticulture in the form of an unusual climber is the scarlet clematis of Central Texas. In its native home it is frequent but not common, occurring on shaded ledges along streams, and in moist ravines and river bottoms. It climbs, as do all the kinds of clematis, by the twisting of the leaf rachis, but is unique in that large genus by reason of its scarlet owers. Perfectly hardy up to southern Connecticut, and root-hardy still further north, it reaches a height of fifteen or twenty feet in a sea- son’s growth. A well-grown plant covered with its scarlet bells is worth going many miles to see. The illustration was made from wild material sent to the writer by Professor B. C. Tharp of the University of Texas. Whether Viorna be a distinct genus separated from Clematis is a moot question, and it seems to the writer an unnecessary separation, for the series of species which are intermediate is such that seven or eight other genera would have to be segregated likewise, thus clut- tering botanical nomenclature with a number of new combinations, none of which are necessary nor of any assistance to the clarification of the problems of Taxonomic Botany. The searlet clematis is a woody vine, climbing by means of pre- hensile leaf-rachises and petiolules. The stems = — pa Ss are clothed with a loose, bright brown bark. The lea opposite, pinnate, the leaflets up to eight in number, jong-petioluled and cor- date, acute or rounded at the 7. the margins entire. The blades are soft green and usually somewhat glaucous, one-half to two and . one-half inches long, the veins and veinlets rather prominent. Occa- sionally some of the leaflets are two- — three-lobed. The flowers are solitary on peduncles from the leaf-axils, the pedicel purplish, =n! ding apically, three to four times the length of the peduncle and se rated from it by two leaf-like bracts. The flower is neste of an inch to an inch long, ovoid-ureceolate, bright scarlet (occasionally varying to purple) outside, yellowish inside. The four calyx-lobes 6 ADDISONIA are ovate, thick and leone! with a slight apical dilation which ter- Th minates in a fleshy m e inner face of these lobes is glabrous, the — — are pee eGkoacacent: The corolla is lacking. The stamens are numerous, pale yellow. The filaments are three-eighths of an a long, the wine half glabrous, the upper half villous. Bo anthers are one-fourth of an inch long, saneciiAteatate, the con , gma of achenes which are orbicular and flattened, somewhat silky hirsute apically and tailed with the tawny-plumose, persistent style increased to an inch and a half in length. Epwarp J, ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A flowerin ortion of the stem. Fig. 2.—A sepalx1i4. Fig, 3—A stamen og 2. — ~ PLATE 676 ADDISONIA COOPERIA SMALLII ADDISONIA 7 (Plate 676) COOPERIA SMALLII Yellow Cooperia Native of southern Texas Family AMARYLLIDACEAE AMARYLLIS Family Cooperia Smaliit Alexander, sp. nov. Of the five species in the genus Cooperia, all are white-flowered, usually tinged pink or reddish on the outside. So standard in fact had white seemed as the Cooperia color that it was with great sur- prise in 1930 when Robert Runyon of Brownsville, Texas sent bulbs of what he stated was a yellow Cooperia. The bulbs were planted and watched carefully, and before many months a yellow bud began to develop. As is customary with cooperias, it opened in the late afternoon and was indeed a distinct yellow. Although there was no doubt of its being a new and undescribed species, its publication has been delayed in one way or another, and only now is it possible to publish it with a color plate. This, the only known yellow Cooperia is hereby dedicated to the memory of the late John Kunkel Small, with whom the writer was associated for so many years, and who would himself have published the species had he lived to do so. Cooperia is a strictly American genus, closely related to Zephyr- anthes, differing in the elongated perianth-tube, the night-blooming habit and the short filaments with erect, non-versatile anthers. The species are native in Texas and northern Mexico, extending into New Mexico, Kansas and Louisiana. One species is known only from Peru. The North American species grow in dry soil on open prairies. While it has been suggested that this species is a bigeneric hybrid, deriving its yellow color from one of the yellow-flowered Zephyr- anthes, this seems rather an unnecessarily far-fetched idea, its only reason being one of color, and the presence of yellow flowers in other white-flowered genera of Amaryllidaceae is enough to offer clear reason for its occurrence in Cooperia. Small’s Cooperia is a seapose, bulbous herb, the bulb seated some = or three inches underground, obovoid, about an inch high and ooperia Smallii Alexander sp. nov. Species ovario mn gee ogy 3-7 mm. aa see rianthia bh: ateriformi, og EL atoll mm. lon em. diametro, longa)» ike distingwiturs & speciebus adhue Senate Ee puieutde luteo 8 ADDISONIA broad, white with a membranous brown coat. The leaves are bright green, one-sixteenth to one-eighth of an inch wide and six inches long, acute, channeled on the upper side, the underside rounded and sev eral ribbed. The scape is erect, six to eight inches ‘tall, slightly flat- tened, bright green and somewhat glaucescent, topped by a solitary flower. The spathe is membranous, an inch and a half long, sok ish ese Sek and short acumina ate at the apex, finely nerv flower terminates a stout pedicel an eighth to a fourth o eae * he ovary is dgoaao bluntly three-angled, about Given sghtbe of aninch long. The perianth-tube is green, three-fourths of an inch long, abruptly expanded into the limb. The perianth is lemon- yellow, its divisions broadly ovate, the outer three segments slightly the larger, often flushed reddish, with a green rib outside near the apex which extends into a short green apiculate hood. The stamens are erect, the filaments subulate, about three-sixteenths of an inch long, greenish and fleshy ; the anthers linear, pale yellow, about five- sixteenths of an inch long. The style is slender, about one inch long, green with a whitish apex. The three stigmas are e globular r and whitish. The capsule is strongly three-lobed, obovoid in outline, three-fourths of an inch long, the valves striate. The seeds are thin and wafer-like with a thin, glossy black coa Sa J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A bud. Fig. 2.—A — in the early evening. g. 3.—The a Tang We Bagi ge Fig. 4.—Two pe ae or ene and their atinehes ands oeetum. fig 6.—A Fig. 7.—. eT eee eat at PLATE 677 ADDISONIA LONICERA CANADENSIS ADDISONIA 9 (Plate 677) LONICERA CANADENSIS Fly-honeysuckle Native of northeastern United States Family CAPRIFOLIACEAE HONEYSUCKLE Family Lonicera canadensis Bartr. ex Marsh. Arbust. 81. 1785. Lonicera ciliata Muhl. Cat. 23. 1813. Xylosteon ciliatum Pursh. Fl, pt 161. 1814, Xylosteon tataricum Michx. Fl, Bor. . 12: 106. 1803. The shrubby Loniceras are not plentiful in North America, their principal center of distribution being eastern Asia. Since however, one of the anomalies of botany is the relationship of the floras of eastern North America and eastern Asia, it is no surprise to find a minor center on this continent. Our present subject extends the farthest south of any of this typically northern group, reaching its southernmost limit on the highest peaks of the North Carolina Blue Ridge in cool, mossy evergreen forests. In fact, throughout its range such a locality is its chosen habitat, and in these gloomy stretches its pale green foliage and long-stalked, drooping, scarlet berries furnish a bright element usually lacking. Its nearest American relative is L. utahensis of the Rocky Mountains from which it differs only in slight technical characters; the other nodding-flowered spe- cies are Asiatic. DL. canadensis is not particularly satisfactory as a cultivated plant unless one has a moist evergreen woodland in which to grow it, but in such a location it is a weleome touch of color. The fiy-honeysuckle is a shrub three to six feet tall, with wide- spreading, glabrous, straggling branches, covered, as are the main stems, with a thin, pale-brown, shreddy bark. The leaves are oppo- site, short petioled, light yellow-green, the blades and petioles promi- nently ciliate. The leaf-blades are glabrous on both surfaces, one to four inches long, ovate to oblong, acute, rounded to cordate at the ase. The flowers are borne in pairs on slender, drooping, peduncles. The ovaries are inferior, slenderly ovoid, an eighth of an inch long, glabrous, each subtended by a minute, brown, ciliate bractlet, and topped by the five minute calyx-lobes. The corollas are funnelform and regular, yellowish cream tinged reddi fourths of an inch to an inch long, glabrous outside, the tube strongly gibbous at the base and pilose internally. The five stamens are ad- nate to the top of the tube and alternate with the five ovate, obtuse corolla-lobes. The pistil is very slender and much exserted, the stigma capitate. The fruit is a bright-red, ovoid, few-seeded berry, one-half inch long and tipped with the persistent calyx. Epwakrp J. ALEXANDER. BWXPLANATION OF PLATE, 1.—A flowering twig. Fig. 2.—A corolla, laid open x1}. Fig. 3.—Two ovaries it showing the bractlets. Fig. 4.—A fruiting twig. ADDISONIA PLATE 678 f a= care : N | =i x Sy yecah ¥ Ly gy -) AL, A ae wy 7 by ww, CHRYSOPSIS HYSSOPIFOLIA ADDISONIA 11 (Plate 678) CHRYSOPSIS HYSSOPIFOLIA Native of southeastern United States Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family Chrysopsis hyssopifolia Nutt. Jour, Acad, Phil, 7: 67. 1834, Among the many endemic genera of composites for which the western hemisphere is noted, Chrysopsis is one of the most attractive of the yellow-rayed sorts, several of its species being of distinct gar- den merit. All or nearly all are hardy and neither weedy nor rapidly spreading in their growth. The genus is confined to North America, its best known species being C. mariana, the golden aster. All are rather low-growing compact plants, and when seen in mass, form splendid golden mounds against gray-green foliage. In the typical section of the genus, our present subject is one of the least showy, but its narrow foliage and clear yellow heads are not unat- tractive. In nature, the plant is quite uncommon, being known only from Florida and the adjacent sections of Alabama, where it grows in sandy, open pinelands. It is most nearly related to C. tricho- phylla from which it differs principally in its linear nearly glabrous foliage and somewhat smaller flower heads. The biennial group to which these species belong is notable for its winter rosette of woolly leaves, a habit indicative of dry soil, and restricted to the south- eastern species. The plains and western species of the genus are mostly coarse-hairy or hispid, much-branched, and perennial, while the other southeastern group with grass-like, silvered foliage is best segregated into the genus Pityopsis. iit hatgy hyssomfolia is a gs a — up to Beds ec Bear! the stem glabrous, unbranched below the inflores of ce. first year basal rosette are stale Abe te ihe hee covered with a cotton-like webbing except on th portio e petiolar n. The stem leaves are numerous, linear to ain sie one to two inches long, serine or sparingly cobwebby when young. The inflorescence is a compound cym d terminates the stem, its heads patie A at the ends of ‘the branches ee —— The involucres e about three-eighths of an inch long, the phyllaries linear and ae The ray-florets are about t eecanie of an inch long, bright yellow, pistillate and fertile. The disk florets are one-fourt th of an inch long, perfect and fertile, bike yellow, the five lobes minute. The achenes are tan colored, oblique ely obovate, somewhat flattened, glabrous except for a basal fringe f silky hairs ‘which extends partly up the two edges. The pappus is ‘eats: the outer series an irregu- 12 ADDISONIA lar ring of minute bristles, sa inner series of numerous barbellate bristles a fourth of an inch lo Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. g. 1—Top portion of a flowering plant. Fig, 2—A ray floretx3. Fig. 3—A ‘aiske Gort x3. PLATE 679 ADDISONIA toik eu \ CAMPANULA DIVARICATA ADDISONIA 13 (Plate 679) CAMPANULA DIVARICATA Appalachian harebell Native of the southern Appalachians Family CAMPANULACEAE BELLFLOWER Family Campanula diwaricata Michx. Fl. Bor. Am. 1: 109. 1803. ?Campanula fleruosa Michx. Fl, Bor. Am. 1: 109. | 1803. The large north temperate genus Campanula is poorly repre- sented in North America and that mostly in the form of Circum- boreal species in some one of their forms. In the southern Appala- chians however, are two endemic species, each with unusual char- acters of its own and without el elsewhere. One, C. ameri- cana is so unusual as to have been segregated as the genus Campanu- lastrum, the other, our present subject, unique in its much branched inflorescence, small flowers and long protruding style remains in Campanula. It is no doubt a relic of the flora of that ancient conti- nent of Appalachia from which the eastern North American flora was derived, its present range, in fact, still being confined to the upland area of that now much enlarged continent. Campanula divaricata is native in the southern Appalachians from Maryland to Georgia, Alabama and Kentucky, where regard- less of the soil and in the most impossible stiuations its dainty sprays of bloom are a delight to the traveller’s eye. Its ability to establish itself in tiny crevices on the face of sheer cliffs is a constant source of surprise, and in such places it is most truly attractive and at home. While not a remarkably showy species, it is eminently de- serving of a place in the rock garden, where it will grow in any soil that is well-drained and in any situation. It is inclined to become weak and leggy in shade, and is therefore more suitable for the sunny slope or ledge, where its loosely branched and airy sprays of tiny blue flowers may enliven the midsummer scene. White-flow- ered forms are known, but are not desirable as the color is weak and dull. The dark-colored form here illustrated was collected in Shen- andoah National Park, Virginia, on rocks at the headwaters of the Hog-Camp branch of Rose River (Camp 2092), June, 1936. The Appalachian harebell is a glabrous, perennial herb usually one or two feet tall but occasionally reaching three feet in moist shade. The stem is conspicuously striate and somewhat flexuous. The cauline leaves are two to four inches long, narrowly ovate to 14 ADDISONIA lanceolate, Sone tapering at the base into a short distin petiole. The leaf-blades are dull green, their margins coarsely rue ate-serrate, the teeth flaring. e inflorescence is a loose, divari- a ti c branch and branchlet. The flowers are nodding on recurved pedi- cels, one-fourth to three-eighths of an inch long. The five calyx- teeth are a to triangular lanceolate, less than half the length of the corolla. The corolla is about on ne-fourth of an inch long, dull Blas: eeeiir to nhite os = blue), the a acute, lobes recurved. The five stamens are the same length a corolla (with the lobes recurved). The anthers are light ae brown, the sacs opening lengthwise. The filaments are membranous, white, the subulate upper portion glabrous, the oblong lower portion strongly ciliate. The ovary is inferior, included in the hypa gaia the exserted style Rvediahths of an inch long, teminated by an appar- ently clavate, pilose stigma, the three lobes of which spread after anthesis. The fruit is an oblong-obovate, ten-ribbed capsule, enclosed in the hypanthium and capped by the persistent calyx. The minute seeds are scattered from basal pores resulting pe ‘the upeurling hypanthium valves. Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1—A flowering aay, Fig. 2.—A portion of the stem with leaves. Fig, 3—A flower x 2. Fig. 4.—The — androecium and gynoecium, showing the natural gee oy Phe ~ — parts Fig. 5.—A stamen, front and side view x 3. Fig. 6.—Two sizes of ca PLATE 680 ADDISONIA STROPHANTHUS PREUSSII ADDISONIA 15 (Plate 680) STROPHANTHUS PREUSSII Natiwe of Tropical West Africa Family APOCYNACEAE DocBane Family Strophanthus Preussii Engler & Pax, Engl. Jahrb. 15: 369. 1892. Strophanthus is a genus of tropical climbers, especially notable for its interestingly constructed flowers, many of its species having long tails to the corolla-tips. Most of these species are yellow-flow- ered, but a few are white or pink, and among them are the beauties of the genus, especially the three species in the subgenus Roupellia, none of which are as yet known in North American gardens. Our present subject is native in West tropical Africa, the largest center of distribution of the genus, where they grow as high, forest climb- ers, or some few as shrubs. Another center of distribution is in tropical Asia, the species from there being still less known to cultiva- tion. They are all easily grown in a tropical house wherein there is sufficient head-room, and are easily propagated by cuttings or seeds, when obtainable. The genus is extremely interesting as one of the sources of the African arrow-poisons, for which the seeds of various species are used, according to locality. The poison is a glucoside called stro- phanthine which is extracted from the seeds, for there the active principle is most abundant. The effect of the drug is essentially one of muscular paralysis, death resulting from paralyzing of the re- spiratory muscles. Strophanthine is used medicinally to lower the pulse and raise the blood-pressure, but its extreme activity necessi- tates great caution as one part in six million is sufficient to cause death. Much still remains to be learned concerning the drug and its proper uses and amounts as well as the quantity obtainable from seeds of the various species. Strophanthus Preusti is a glabrous stout climbing shrub, with smooth brownish branches bearing whitish lenticels. The leaves are opposite, dark green, elliptic to ovate, entire, —— thin, two to five inches long, abruptly acuminate, basally r : unded or cuneate. flowers are borne i a The floral bracts are foliaceous, ovate to lanceolate, one-fourth to one-half inch long, acute. The calyx is about one-half inch long, the five sepals foliaceous and dissimilar, the outer ones broadly ovate with acute, cuneate tips, the inner ones narrower and contracted at the base. The corolla is externally finely puberulent, the tube and 16 ADDISONIA — reddish on the outside. The corolla lobes are age era e first day, darkening to dull lemon-yellow the second day, ov vaioed narrowed to reddish-purple filiform appendages five to pe inches long. The staminal filaments are pale pink, very hairy, adnate to the corolla-tube, the free upper portion sharply sigmoid. Five coronal scales (p ossibly ten laterally fused in pairs) are adnate within the throat of the corolla and alternate with its lobes. These scales are oblanceolate, purple-brown with darker margins, bilobed, with ble, shoe exserted tips. The anthers are lanceola te-acuminate, ve over the stigma, fo ormin ga con nical ring. The a is ar E> bright yellow green. The fruit consists of two a pc ten inches long and an inch and a fourth broad, bro ; ed with elongated white lenticels. The seeds are ‘elliptic, yee one-third to one-half inch long, tawny-pubescent, with a long coma consisting of a naked stipe and a plumose top Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig, 1—A flower spray. Fig. 2.—A corolla laid ope’ Fig. 3.—A calyx. Fig. 4.—A vertical section of a aemer to show age of ie mens and gynoecium. Fig. 5.—A sehen of stem with leaves, (In pa = flower spray has beens severed, and i Lc aig —, as to appear ape e the stem, whereas the flower spray is actu rminal, ) RECENT PLATES San aie SAXIC PLATE 657. LILIUM HANSON! OLA i Aco UM NOVEBORACENSE PLATE 658. KLEINIA CHORDIFOLIA pects CUCULLARIA Si ClO RUGELIA SENECIO MILLEFOLIUM PLATE 665. PLATE 666. PLATE 667. PLATE 668. = 70. PLATE 671. PLATE 672. PLATE 659. ERYTHRONIUM apie eee 66 BI KALANCHOE TUBIFLORA PLATE 673. PLATE 674. PLATE 675. PLATE 676. PLATE 677. PLATE 678. PLATE 679. PLATE 680. CONTENTS LEUCOCORYNE /IXIOIDES HUGERIA ERYTHROCARPA CLEMATIS TEXENSIS COOPERIA SMALLI! LONICERA CANADENSIS CHRYSOPSIS HYSSOPIFOLIA CAMPANULA DIVARICATA STROPHANTHUS PREUSSI! ADDISONIA COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS OF PLANTS VOLUME 21 NUMBER 2“ APRIL, 1940 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN {ADDISON BROWN FUND) AUGUST 6, 1940 ANNOUNCEMENT A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by a former President, Judge Addison Brown, established the ADDISON BROWN FUND “‘the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the main- tenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine bearing my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial posses- sions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conserva- tories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.’’ The preparation and publication of the work has been referred to Mr. Edward Johnston Alexander, Assistant Curator. ADpISONIA is published as a magazine once-yearly, in April. Hach part consists of eight colored plates with aceompanying letter- press. The subscription price is $10 per volume, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not be sold separately. Address : THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK NEW YORK CITY Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as completed, m order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the _ parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 to 20 ; has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts can be supplied. PLATE 681 ADDISONIA AECHMEA FULGENS DISCOLOR ADDISONIA iz (Plate 681) AECHMEA FULGENS DISCOLOR Native of Brazil Family BROMELIACEAE PINEAPPLE Family Aechmea discolor Morr., Ann. Soc. Gand, 2: 175. 1846. Lamprococcus fulgens var. discolor Beer, Bromel. 104. 1857. Aechmea fulgens var, discolor Brong., Bot. Mag. pl. 4293. 1847. It is regrettable that the epiphytic bromeliads are so slow of pro- pagation that they are never likely to become popular house plants, for in their bizarre coloring and unusual appearance they are emi- nently fitted for the purpose. Furthermore, since in their cupped leaf-bases they retain water which will offset the dry air of apart- ments and homes, and since they do best in at least partial shade, they would take the place of many popular but difficult horticultural subjects. The unusual combination of red and blue which many o them have when in flower is attractive and desirable. The members of the genus Aechmea are among the best of this colorful group, rivaled only by Billbergia in beauty. While there are other showy flowered genera in the family, these others are much too rare to ever be available. The bicolored leaves of our present subject make it one of the most attractive in the genus. As with most of the epiphytic brome- liads, the plant dies after flowering, but is perpetuated by basal off- shoots. The typical form of the species has the leaves green on both surfaces, but is otherwise the same. This typical form, however, is not in cultivation, and there seems to be some doubt as to whether the variety discolor be not the actual species. The plant is native in tropical South America, the home of most of the brilliantly colored members of the family. Aechmea fulgens is an epiphytic plant, the ten or twelve leaves basally imbricated so as to form a cupule in which water is retained. The leaves are one to two inches wide, and eight to ten inches long, the upper surface dull green with gray cross-barrings, the under surface purplish, the edges spiny-toothed. The peduncle is four or the hypanthium. The three petals are violet, about one half inch long, concave, not spreading apart. The three stamens are included 18 ADDISONIA in the flower. The filaments are pink and clavate, the anthers Sagittate. The style is slender, the three branches spirally twisted together. The fruit is a many seeded berry. Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. PLANATION OF cals —Inflorescence, Fig. 2.—A leaf. Fig. 3.— es an Exp: Petal, showing the Ses he ‘ova S d a stamen x 2, g. 4.—Hypanthium with perianth removed, showing gynoecium and androecium x 2. PLATE 682 ADDISONIA M.EEolon TRADESCANTIA WARSCEWICZIANA ADDISONIA 19 (Plate 682) TRADESCANTIA WARSZEWICZIANA Natwe of Central America Family CoMMELINACEAE Spmerwort Family Tradescantia Warszewicziana Kunth et Bouché, Ind. Sem. Hort. Berol. 11. 1847. Among the more unusual plants which add color to the displays in our Tropical Flowering House during March and April is Tra- descantia Warszewicziana. It is a species of distinctive appearance. Superficially it bears but little resemblance to such hardy members of the genus as Tradescantia virginiana and still less to the Zebrinas which are often popularly referred to as Tradescantias. The deco- rative value of our subject rests not only upon the possession of attractive and long lasting inflorescences but also upon the pleasing form of the plant itself. Young specimens are vasiform, and are furnished to the ground with broad fleshy leaves. With age the plants develop stout, erect, branching stems. The inflorescence branches bear plantlets which afford a ready means of propagation. These may be grown on to flowering size within a year and that time occupy five-inch pots. Older specimens can be accommo- dated in pots measuring six inches or seven inches in diameter. Tradescantia Warszewicziana is not exacting in its cultural de- mands. It appreciates a well drained porous loam, exposure to sun- shine, or at the most shade during the brightest of weather, and ample moisture at all times. It thrives under warm greenhouse (60° night temperature) conditions and in all probability would be well adapted for use as a house plant. According to Annales de la Societe Royal D’Agriculture et de Botanique de Gand Vol. IV, p. 379 (1848) this Tradescantia was introduced (presumably as living plants) to the Berlin Botanic Garden by Warszewicz from Guatemala. The plants now in culti- vation at the New York Botanical Garden were raised from material collected in 1936 in Chiapas, Mexico by Mr. Thomas MacDougall of New York City. Seah race See tect is a rosulate glabrous perennial ming caules and branching with age. The leaves are strap- ate acute, pray ee twelve to thirteen inches long and three to four inches wide, dull green. The inflorescence is lateral from the leaf axils, erect or arching, thyrsoid-paniculate, borne on a pe- duncle about eighteen inches long, usually viviparous from the axils of its branches. Individual flowers are in close, secund, scorpioid 20 ADDISONIA = The pedicels are fleshy, up to one-fourth inch long, — parent with ar sg Reset — The three sepals are about on aig inch lon anneled, white with shadings of oan plish-pink, They at ~ adie avi one- fourth inch long, bright rose-purple, abruptly acute at == The six stamens are one- fourth inch long, the filaments hreadctie, _ -purple below with a few colorless, Ealticetalar hairs, The anthers are bright yellow, contrasting well with the white filament ate The pistil is about one- fourth inch in length, the stigma colorless, capitate ; the style thread- like, one fourth- to five-sixteenths inch long, purplish tinged ; the ovary one-sixteenth inch long, ovoid, colorless, with a few seattered gland-tipped hairs. T. H. Everert. XPLANATION OF of a flowerin oe Fig. Fig. 2.—Leaf rosette and base of ae ng ste a . — ee ig. 4.—Petal and stamen x2. Fig. 5—Stamen x 4, Gynoecium PLATE 683 ADDISONIA SANCHEZIA PARVIBRACTEATA ADDISONIA 21 (Plate 683) SANCHEZIA PARVIBRACTEATA Native of tropical America? Family ACANTHACEAE Acantuus Family Sanchezia parvibracteata Sprague and Hutch., Kew. Bull. 253. 1908. Plants that are grown primarily for their decorative foliage are frequently not allowed to come into flower, thus giving rise to the popular idea that ornamental foliage plants do not ‘‘bloom.’’ True it is that their flowers are often small and unattractive, and the plant is affected by their production so that its beauty is destroyed, necessitating the starting of a new plant. That some, however, do have showy flowers, is evidenced by our present subject, which, though infrequently grown, is a desirable foliage plant for the warm greenhouse, adding its attractive flowers in proper season to the scene. As a genus, Sanchezia has an interesting history. Originally published by Ruiz and Pavon in the Flora Peruviana in 1794, it was lost sight of until 1847 when it was redescribed in Martius’ Flora Braziliensis under the name of Ancylogyne. In 1866 Hooker, in Curtis’ Botanical Magazine (pl. 5594), re-established the name San- chezia. He commented upon the error of Ruiz and Pavon in refer- ring the fruit of a Scrophulariaceous plant to their genus, which error was probably the cause of the publication of Ancylogyne, since there was no reason to assume other than that the flower and fruit in the Flora Peruviana belonged together. The name Ancyl- ogyne has now become completely merged into Sanchezta. The genus Sanchezia was named in honor of José Sanchez, Pro- fessor of Botany at Cadiz, Spain. The present species was named in 1908 from a plant cultivated in the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew which plant had been received from the Royal Botanic Gardens at Peradeniya in 1905. The spe- cies has never been found wild, but is assumed to be a native of tropical America, since that is the home of all of its relatives. Sanchezia parvibracteata is an upright, rode little-branched shrub up to three or four feet tall. The stems are reddish-purple and —— The leaves are opposite, leah to ten inches jong to four inches broad, bright blue-green with yellow vein- ings, paler beneath, the = repand-crenate, the apex acuminate, e base ruptly cuneate. The inflorescence is terminal, ae branched, eight to ten abe jong. The bracts are ovate, varying 22 ADDISONIA size according to position from one-fourth to one inch long, all acut- ish and more or less reddened. The flowers are clustered three to five together within the bractlets. The calyx segments are greenish yellow, about three-fourths of an inch long, oblong and obtuse, mi-_ nutely glandular-pilose. The corolla is tubular, two to two and a half inches long, bright yellow, the five lobes closely recurved. The two — fertile stamens are two to two and a half inches long, their filaments pilose, adnate to the top of the corolla tube. The two sterile sta- mens or staminodia are nearly an inch long and pilose. The ov is glabrous, the style slender, about the length of the stamens. The i l fruit is an elastically dehiscent, six to eight seeded capsule. Epwarp J, ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Inflorescence. Fig. 2.—Portion of stem and leaf. Fig. 3.—Corolla laid open. PLATE 684 ADDISONIA | ME Ealor,_ PENSTEMON DISSECTUS ADDISONIA 23 (Plate 684) PENSTEMON DISSECTUS Native of southern Georgia Family ScropHULARIACEAE Fiawort Family Penstemon dissectus Ell., Sketch Bot. S. C. and G. 2: 129, 1822. One of North America’s finest contributions to Horticulture is the genus Penstemon, a genus confined to this continent except for a single species in northeastern Asia. Among the approximately three hundred species our present subject stands out as unique in two ways. One of them is the dissected leaves. The other is the reversal of the usual manner of cut-leaved plants in which the basal leaves are dissected and the cauline ones entire—our present subject has entire basal leaves and dissected cauline ones. Its uniqueness is further emphasized by its great rarity—it is known from only five counties in south-central Georgia, and there is confined to rocky or dry sandy places. The area of its occurrence is known as the Alta- maha Grit region, one of the more recent geological formations of the Atlantic coastal plain. The plant was first described by Stephen Elliott in 1822 in his Sketch of the Botany of South Carolina and Georgia, the description based on specimens sent to him by James Jackson of Louisville, Georgia. Specimens are known collected by Croom some time pre- vious to 1834, but the type of habitat was not known until the plant was rediscovered by R. M. Harper in the summer of 1903. It has subsequently been shown that in view of the restriction of the spe- cies to the Altamaha grit region, Jackson must have obtained his material fifteen or twenty miles south of Louisville, as it is there the “‘erit’’ outcrops. It is easy to understand how a plant as rare and local in its occurrence has escaped being introduced to cultivation, but it is hoped to remedy this situation in the near future. Penstemon dissectus is a perennial herb twelve to eighteen a tall, rarely reaching two feet. The leaves of the sterile shoots ar three-fourths to an inch and a half long, spatulate to cblaneesiate: entire or with three to five teeth or shallow lobes. The leaves of the flowering stems are one to two inches long, bipinnatifid, the seg ments linear and obtuse. The foweriig portion rises on a pedunele two to three inches long above the uppermost leaves, the main bracts similar to but smaller than the leaves. The flowers are about three- fourths inch long, borne in a rather loose panicle on pedicels of vary- ing length. The five calyx lobes are narrowly ovate, two- to three- sixteenths inch long, acute and spreading. The corolla is three- 24 ADDISONIA fourths inch long, light on outside except the pale ventral side of the throat. Within, the tube and upper side of the throat are very pale, the lower side of the throat white, the white portion ex- tending into the basal part of the three lower lobes of the -, the pale and white portions with fine rose-purple veinings. The corolla- tube is about i inch iong, abruptly inflated into the rae open throat. The corolla-limb is about one-half inch across, the lobes sbighosbiong rounded at the tips. The sterile stamen is densely bearded and long exserted. The four stamens have glabrous anthers. The style and ovary are pubescent. The capsule i = si three-eighths inch long, seated in the pane hardened eal Epwarp J. lec PLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Inflorescence. Fig. 2—Portion of stem with Bxp Par leaves. Fig. 3.—-A cauline leaf. Fig. 4. = — leaf. Fig. 5.—Corolla laid x1}, Fig. 6—Gynoeciumx2. Fig. Fo Capen S PLATE 685 ADDISONIA PRIMULA OBCONICA ADDISONIA 25 (Plate 685) PRIMULA OBCONICA Natwe of China Family PrRIMULACEAE PRIMROSE Family Primula obconica Hance, Journ. Bot. 18: 234. 1880. Primula poculiformis, Hook. f., Bot. Mag. pl. 6582. 1881. Sixty-one years ago in Central China a primrose was discovered growing in the Ichang gorges of the Yangtse River which was des- tined to become one of the most popular of winter-flowering florists plants. True, the varieties of Primula obconica we cultivate in our greenhouses today are very different in appearance from their wild forebears for under domestication have been developed forms which from the gardeners’ point of view show great improvement because of their more vigorous growth, larger flowers and wider range of de- sirable colors. Double flowered strains and varieties with fimbri- ated petals are also available. Our plate depicts one of the modern varieties. For the introduction of Primula obconica into cultivation we are indebted to Charles Maries, collector for Messrs. Veitch and Sons of England, but the original description of the plant was made from a specimen collected by Thomas Watters of the British Consular Ser- vice. Both obtained their material in 1879 from approximately the same locality. Maries describes how he sent home surface soil taken from beneath Ferns, Primulas and other plants. The soil was stored in an old wine box and ‘‘sown’’ in a greenhouse more than twelve months later. Among the first plants to appear was a gener- ous quantity of Primula obconica. Some slight variation was noticed in these plants but not until about ten years later did marked ‘‘breaks’’ begin to appear. (The History of Primula ob- conica Hance, under cultivation, with some remarks on the History of Primula sinensis Sab., Arthur W. Hill, Journal of Genetics, Vol. II, No. 1, Feb. 1912). An unpleasant characteristic of Primula obconica which for- tunately appears to be less evidenced in modern varieties than in earlier strains is its propensity for causing severe skin irritation in some persons if they come in contact with either the plant or with another individual suffering from this form of dermatitis. The irritation is incited by a yellow substance which issues from the hairs which cover the entire plant. This substance is soluble in alcohol and turpentine and susceptible individuals who inadver- 26 ADDISONIA tently touch Primula obconica will do well to wash the affected sur- faces immediately with one or other of these. Primula obconica is usually raised from seed although some growers increase choice forms by division. The seed is sown in the spring in light soil and the plants are grown on to flowering size under cool greenhouse conditions, As a protection from strong sum- mer sunshine light shade is provided and a moist atmospheric con- dition with free circulation of air at all times is essential for good results. The soil in which this Primula is grown may with advan- tage be somewhat heavier than that best appreciated by P. sinensis, P. malacoides and certain other greenhouse Primulas but it must be porous and well drained. Primula obconica is a gregarious acaulescent perennial herb. The leaves are borne on loosely villose petioles three to five inches long. The leaf blades are orbicular-ovate, three to five inches long and three to four inches broad, the margins irregularly crenate and undulate, the base cordate with the sides of the sinus partially over- lapping. The peduncles are axillary, eight to ten inches tall, short villose on the lower portion, the upper portion velvety puberul ent. The inflorescence is umbelloid, each flower subtended by a narrowly ae bractlet at the base of the pedicel and basally adnate to it. Oceasionally a second umbel arises above the aes one. The eedibsie are about an inch long. The calyx is broadly turbinate, about one-half inch long, the mouth open Poul a shallowly five- lobed, the lobes very shortly mucronate at the The corolla is rotate, the tube one-half inch long, the limb one cand one-half to two inches in diameter. The five lobes are reniform, obovate, notched about one-third down from the apex. The flowers va many shades of rose, oe Pink, flesh color, white, lavender- blue, light violet-blue, in each ¢ with a strong yellow-green eye. As with most Primulas the Moirers rs ar dimorphic, one type with the style shorter than the corolla tube and with the stamens protruding in the throat, the other type with the stamens shorter than the throat and the Style equaling the throat i in length. T. H. EVERETT EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Infloresce 2.—Leaf. Fig, 3.—Cal and gynoecium, front and side view. set — = = PLATE 686 ADDISONIA SOLANUM SISYMBRIFOLIUM ADDISONIA 27 (Plate 686) SOLANUM SISYMBRIFOLIUM Native of tropical America Family SOLANACEAE NIGHTSHADE Family Solanum sisymbrifolium Lam., Illustr. 2: - ae, Solanum Balbisii Dun., Hist. Solan. 232. 1913. Solanum is one of the larger genera of flowering plants, contain- ing about one thousand species, the majority of them tropical and many of great horticultural value. That there are also some of eco- nomic value is shown by the presence in the genus of such valuable food plants as the potato and the tomato, as well as several of medici- nal value. Any one accustomed to seeing potatoes in flower or the common and widespread horsenettle (Solanum carolinense) will recognize at once the affinities of our present subject. While not one of the choicest of the horticultural subjects in its genus, it is never- theless, very useful for border plantings where tropical effect is de- sired. Therein its conspicuous potato-like flowers and cut leaves with yellow spines render it of some value. A violet colored form of it was once a popular subject in European gardens, but seems to have disappeared from cultivation. The form here illustrated was also once popular, but lack of popularity of the type of plantings wherein it can be used has caused it to fall into disrepute, and few gardeners care to grow such a viciously armed subject. Given the treatment accorded any half-hardy annual, it is easy to propagate, and looks quite well as a lower story planting with Castor-bean, hid- ing the taller plant’s naked lower stem with its bushy growth. Our present subject, a native of tropical America, has become naturalized in the United States in the Gulf region from Florida to Louisiana, and is of casual occurrence there in waste-places and cultivated grounds. Solanum sisymbrifolium is an upright, branching, prickly herb two or three feet tall, invested in all its parts with strong, bright yel- low prickles. The stems are covered with a close stellate pubescence 28 ADDISONIA hairy, the style one-half inch long, the stigma two lobed. The fruit is a berry one-half to three-quarters inch long, included in the ac- crescent oan the lobes of which at length recurve, exposing the searlet frui Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. XPLANATION OF PLATE. 1.—Tip of flowering branch. Fig. 2.—Calyx * pean gynoeeium mxid. Fig. 3 two | inher of calyx and a stamen nat, size. Fig. it enclosed in calyx. Fig. 5.—Calyx reflexed exposing fruit. PLATE 687 ADDISONIA GLYCOSMIS CITIRIFOLIA ADDISONIA 29 (Plate 687) GLYCOSMIS CITRIFOLIA Native of tropical Asia Family RutacHaE Ruse Family Limonia citrifolia Willd., Enum. Hort. Berol. 448. 1809. Glycosmis citrifolia Lindl., Trans. Hort. Soc. 6: 72. 1826. The plant figured in the accompanying plate has been growing in the conservatories of the New York Botanical Garden since 1901. Our records indicate that it was originally obtained from the Na- tional Botanie Garden, Washington, D. C. As a decorative green- house subject its effectiveness is due to the possession of attractive evergreen foliage and to the fact that it bears berries of pleasing ap- pearance which remain in good condition over a long period. Mea- suring fully half an inch in diameter the berries are smooth, semi- transparent and are orange-pink in color. Their skin is membranous and encloses a slightly mucilaginous flesh which tastes sweet and has a distinctly carroty flavor. In a paper read before the Horticultural Society of London in 1824 Lindley suggested that ‘‘It is probable that the plant will be cultivated as a fruit for the dessert, for which the singular appearance of its berries, and their agreeable flavor recommend it.’’ To the best of my knowledge Glycosmis citrifolia has never at- tained any popularity as an edible fruit but it should be worth try- ing by those who find pleasure in gastronomic experiments. It is suitable for cultivation in the warmer parts of the Southern States and has become naturalized on Key West. From Lindley’s discussion we also learn that our subject was first introduced to cultivation in 1821 when it was brought from China by one Captain Jamieson, the commander of a merchant ship who collected on behalf of the Horticultural Society. Under warm greenhouse conditions Glycosmis citrifolia presents no difficulties in the matter of cultivation. It thrives in a well drained soil and seems to appreciate light shade during the summer months. The soil should be rich but porous and at potting time should be packed firmly about the roots. Increase is readily accomplished by cuttings taken in the spring or early summer and inserted in a propagating bed where mild bot- tom-heat is available. While I have had no personal experience in raising this plant from seed it would seem likely that this method of propagation would also prove entirely satisfactory. 30 ADDISONIA Glycosmis citrifolia is a smooth, unarmed, evergreen shrub up to ten or twelve feet tall, the branches with close-fitting green bark. The leaves are leathery and dark green, alternate, with one to three leaflets which are elliptical and entire, tapering at both ends, three to five inches long. The inflorescence is terminal and axillary, th flowers small and white, about one-eighth inch long. The five calyx- lobes are orbicular-ovate, densely ciliate. The five petals are oo glandular-punctate. The five stamens have clavate filaments and yellow anthers. The stigma is capitate, the style stout er shel t. The ovary is glabrous, glandular-punctuate. The fruit is an orange- pink, spheroidal berry with one or two large seeds embedded in th thin, translucent, watery pulp. The seeds are brown with distinct orange veinings. T. H. Everett. EXPLANATION OF PLATE, Fig. 1.—Flowerin fruitin and leafy branch. Fig. 2.— e's ahs ote is .—Gynoecium and a a atamen xt sp 2 —Front view of stamen x 6. PLATE 688 ADDISONIA RONDELETIA LEUCOPHYLLA OBE ED ENTS EE plot Mpueny Pace ere) ky ei Wemast Rare ee OND ee yee = ee te 1 eee see ee ee | 77 7 ja #” CPS ge ae pa) Spl tad ADDISONIA 31 (Plate 688) RONDELETIA LEUCOPHYLLA Native of Mexico Family RuBIAcEAE Mapper Family Rondeletia leucophylla H. B. K., Nov. Gen. & Sp.3:3895. 1820. Rondeletia elongata pet ge *Prodr. 4: 409. 1830. Bouvardia discolor Hook. & Arn., Bot. Beechey Voy. 428. 1840. Rondeletia dubia Sener g ’ Diag. “PL Mex. 28. 1879. Among the many interesting and ornamental plants sent from Oaxaca and Chiapas in southern Mexico by Mr. T. MacDougall, Rondeletia leucophylla is one of the more showy-flowered subjects of horticultural merit. It made its advent in the form of seeds col- lected from a ‘‘red verbena-like shrub,’’ which was frequent along streamsides and sometimes in the rocky stream-bed. A plant of this shrub in fiower is very attractive, its every branch terminated by a loose head of red flowers, pleasingly contrasted against the dark green upper leaf-surface and the whitened under-surface. It is easily grown from seed or cuttings, but must be kept in an evenly warm house, as any drop in temperature will be followed by a yel- lowing of the leaves and imperfect flower development. Rondeletia leucophylla is a shrub up to four feet tall, the stem and mature branches clothed with a loose-fitting brown bark, the young growth densely white woolly. The leaves are opposite, entire, deep green and sparsely hairy on the upper surface, the lower sur- yt covered with a dense white tomentum. The leaf-blades are two iry on side. The inflorescence is Serianat on the branches and branchlets, cymose-paniculate, the peduncle tomentose, one to three inches long. The flowers are numerous, about three-fourths inch long and one- half inch across. The corolla is rosy-crimson, the four lobes spread- ing, orbicular-obovate, sabia on the inner face, the tube and lobes white tomentose on the outside. The four stamens are usually shortly ealyx-lobes linear or oblong, about one-sixteenth inch long, erect- spreading. The style is about one-half inch long, the two stigma lobes green. The fruit is a nearly globular capsule, about one-fourth inch long, white-woolly and capped by the persistent calyx-lobes. The numerous minute seeds are pale brown. Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. paar ea OF PLATE. 1.—End of a flowering a showing inflorescence. Fig. 2—aA full grown leaf. Mig, 6—Calyx a and gynoecium x2. Fig. 4.—Section of corolla showing two lobes and a stame: RECENT PLATES LILIUM sneer | PLATE 665. ARGEMONE PLATYCERAS ROSEA KLEINIA CHORDIF PLATE 666. JACOBINIA SPICIGERA ERYTHRONIUM M MULTISCAPOIDEUM . HELENIUM NUDIFLORUM GUA TH PLATE 681. PLATE 682. PLATE 683. PLATE 684. PLATE 685. PLATE 686. PLATE 687. PLATE 688. CONTENTS AECHMEA FULGENS DISCOLOR TRADESCANTIA WARSCEWICZIANA SANCHEZIA PARVIBRACTEATA PENSTEMON DISSECTUS PRIMULA OBCONICA SOLANUM SISYMBRIFOLIUM GLYCOSMIS CITRIFOLIA RONDELETIA LEUCOPHYLLA COLORED ILLUSTRATIONS AND POPULAR DESCRIPTIONS or PLANTS VOLUME 21 NUMBER 3\/ APRIL, 1941 PUBLISHED BY THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN 3 (ADDISON BROWN FUND) MAY 10, 1941 ANNOUNCEMENT A bequest made to the New York Botanical Garden by a former President, Judge Addison Brown, established the ADDISON BROWN FUND **the income and accumulations from which shall be applied to the founding and publication, as soon as practicable, and to the main- tenance (aided by subscriptions therefor), of a high-class magazine aring my name, devoted exclusively to the illustration by colored plates of the plants of the United States and its territorial posses- sions, and of other plants flowering in said Garden or its conserva- tories; with suitable descriptions in popular language, and any desirable notes and synonymy, and a brief statement of the known properties and uses of the plants illustrated.’ The preparation and publication of the work has been referred to Mr. Edward Johnston Alexander, Assistant Curator. AppISONIA is published as a magazine once-yearly, in April. Each part consists of eight colored plates with accompanying letter- press. The subseription price is $10 per volume, four parts constituting a volume. The parts will not be sold separately. Address: THE NEW YORK BOTANICAL GARDEN BRONX PARK NEW YORK CITY Subscribers are advised to bind each volume of ADDISONIA as completed, in order to avoid possible loss or misplacement of the parts; nearly the whole remainder of the edition of Volumes 1 to 20 has been made up into complete volumes, and but few separate parts can be supplied. PLATE 689 ADDISONIA PYRRHEIMA FUSCATA ADDISONIA 33 (Plate 689) PYRRHEIMA FUSCATA Native of southern Brazil Family CoMMELINACEAE SPmERWwoRT Family ee oants fuscata Lodd. Bot. Cab. 4 pl. 374. 1819. Pyrrheima Loddigesii Hasskl. Flora 52: 366. 1869. Marr helne fuscata Backer, Handb, Fl. Java 3: 37. 1924. On the slopes of the Corcovado, one of the spectacular rock domes which ring the beautiful harbor of Rio de Janeiro, was discovered in the early 1800’s, this attractive species of spiderwort. Its hand- some, brown-hairy leaves, stemless habit of growth, and the peculiar structure of the inflorescence raise the question immediately as to whether it be truly a member of the genus Tradescantia, to which it was originally assigned. C. Hasskarl, writing in Flora in 1869, erected the genus Pyrrheima to contain this plant, basing his separa- tion on the stemless habit of growth, the absence of trichomes on the filaments, the form and structure of the anthers, and the number of ovules in each cell of the ovary. C. B. Clarke, who monographed the Commelinaceae in De Candolle’s Monographiae Phanerogamarum, accepted the genus as distinct, but subsequent authors ignored it. In Engler & Prantl’s Pflanzenfamilien it was omitted even as a synonym, but characters were given the genus Tradescantia which would definitely exclude this species. Clarke, however, erred in using the combination P. Loddigesii as had Hasskarl, and it remained for Backer in his Handbook of the Flora of Java to make the proper combination for the name of the plant. In spite of the failure of so many workers to place this plant in its proper position as a distinct genus, there should be no regrets in removing it permanently from Tradescantia, for not only are all the characters assigned to it by Hasskarl correct, but the absence of the bracteal leaves so typical of Tradescantia, and the compound character of the peduncles are also unmatched in that genus and furnish further distinguishing char- acters. The name Pyrrheima comes from two Greek words meaning tawny cloak, in reference to the covering of tawny hairs on the plant. Pyrrheima fuscata is a perennial herb with a short, underground stem. The leaves are six to eight inches long and two to three inches broad, acutish, narrowed at the base into a short petiole, dark green above with whitish midportion, purplish red beneath, covered all 34 ADDISONIA over with dense, rust-colored hairs. The flower peduncles, also shaggy-hairy, arise from the crown of the plant. These peduncles, one-half to one and one-half inches long vaaall9 bear ares short- So flowers at their summit. The three calyx-lobes are one half i long, ovate-lanceolate, concave, tawny-hairy as are the were — peduncle. The three petals are rose-purple, = of an inch long, orbicular-ovate, "often erose towards the The six stamens have naked slender white filaments and whitish aatiera he ovary is covered with long hairs, the cells each with three to five ovules. When the ovate capsule is mature, there will be found one to four seeds each in two of the cells, the third cell usually with cne or no seeds. The seeds are trapezoidal, roughened, brownish ash- colored. K. J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A flowering plant. PLATE 690 ADDISONIA M E£albn. JUSSIAEA DIFFUSA ADDISONIA 35 (Plate 690) JUSSIAEA DIFFUSA Creeping Primrose-willow Native of southeastern United States, tropical America and Asia Family ONAGRACEAE EVENING-PRIMROSE Family Jussiaea diffusa Forsk. Fl. Aegypt. Arab. 210. 1775. Jussiaea repens Auth. var. not L. Dagibos copens tor Gtakeeens knckin henge ie eee With the rising interest in water gardening, aquatic plants that usually must be admired in their natural haunts are beginning to be seen in cultivation more and more frequently. Our present subject has not yet appeared under cultivation, but is certainly one of those whose advent would furnish an interesting variation in pool or pond gardens. Its habit of sprawling across the surface of the water like a great water-strider, with its leaves flat on the surface, and its brilliant yellow flowers upraised, is quite a different note from the usual cultivated water plants. The flowers only last for a single forenoon, but are freely borne anew each day. Its sister species, J. grandiflora, with flowers twice as large, is even more sh In its natural stands, the plant is fairly plentiful in iexcae and still water throughout the southeastern coastal regions and north- westward to Illinois, Kansas and Texas, thence on down into the tropics of both America and Asia. Nowhere, however, does it make a showing better than in the swamplands southwest of New Orleans, where some of the large submerged areas are literally studded with its golden stars. There have been numerous authors who have considered this plant to be the Linnaean Jussiaea repens, but such could hardly be the case as that plant has white flowers with villous hypanthium and sepal exterior, and shorter and broader, sulcate capsules with bractlets well above the tapered base of the capsule. The genus Jussiaea received its name from Linnaeus, in honor of Bernard de Jussieu, founder of the Natural System of Botany. = a reetas primrose-willow is a marsh or — herb with long, smooth, green or reddish-tinged stems. The leaves are alter- nate elliptic to broadly spatulate or obovate-elliptic, aaiios: bright een, on petioles one-half to two inches long. The flowers 'W-eT are ine from the leaf-axils on peduncles about one inch long, with 36 ADDISONIA two minute bractlets at the base of the nearly sessile, cylindrical hypanthium. The five calyx-lobes are lanceolate, acute, about three- eighths of an inch long. The petals are obovate, short-clawed, one- half to three-fourths of an inch long, bright yellow with a darker yellow blotch at the base. The ten stamens are erect, appressed to the rather stout style, which enlarges upward into a capitate stigma. e fruit is a cylindrical capsule about an inch and one-half long, tapered at the base and usually crowned with the persistent, some- what enlarged, calyx-lobes. The seeds are in one row in each cell, four-sided, firmly embedded in a spongy covering. EK. J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF Puats. Fig. 1.—Tip of a flowering stem. Fig, 2.—Gynoecium and calyx x2. Fig. 3.—A petal. Fig. 4.—Mature fruit. PLATE 691 ADDISONIA BRODIAEA CAPITATA ADDISONIA 37 (Plate 691) BRODIAEA CAPITATA Blue Dicks Native of western United States Family ALLIACEAE ONION Family Brodiaea capitata Benth. Pl. Hartw. 339. 1857. Brodies ineularie Greene, bull: Galt’ Acad @: 184. 3886. Dipterostemon capitatum Rydb. Bull. Torr. Club 39: 111. 1912. The Brodiaeas native to the western United States are more reliable in eastern gardens than are most bulbous subjects which hail from that region. Most of them persist and increase slowly if they are planted under favorable conditions, which seem to consist of a gritty, well drained soil and a sunny exposure. They are perhaps, best suited for cultivation in rock gardens but some few might well be given rather choice positions towards the front of carefully tended mixed herbaceous borders—here they would add a note of the unusual and should prove happy. Among those suited for such a purpose is Brodiaea capitata— the Blue Dicks of California. This species enjoys a natural range extending from southern Oregon to Lower California and into Arizona and is, according to Jepson, ‘‘very common on hillsides and plains though the Coast Ranges, Great Valley, Sierra Nevada foot- hills and Southern California.’’ It is not found at high elevations and but rarely in the deserts. Like most Brodiaeas this species must be massed for good effect and the corms should be planted in the fall closely to- gether at a depth equal to twice or thrice their diameter. In addition to its usefulness in the garden the Blue Dicks makes a rather attractive indoor plant. When used for this purpose the corms should be set closely together in pans of rich light soil in the fall; the pans are then plunged to their rims in cinders, sand or peat-moss in a cold frame where they remain until the beginning of January. Early in the year they are brought into a cool greenhouse and are grown on under airy conditions and in a sunny position. ; The soil must be kept moist throughout the growing period. Occasional feedings with liquid organic fertilizers are beneficial. After flower- ing the plants are kept in a growing condition as long as possible, but when they finally become dormant, water is withheld and the 38 ADDISONIA pans are turned on their sides and placed in a cold frame until it is time to re-pot the corms and start them into growth again the follow- ing fall. One of the best tests of popularity to which a plant may be subjected is the number of common names applied to it in its native region. Under such a test, Brodiaea capitata comes through with flying colors as its various local names attest—blue dicks, eluster-lily, grass-nuts, wild hyacinth, spanish-lily, hog-onion, Cali- fornia hyacinth, wild-onion, nigger-toes, nigger-babies, sugar-lump, Indian-lily, cacomite, covena, and saita. The majority of these names refer to the edibility of the corms, which have a pleasant, Sweet, nutty flavor, and are as eagerly sought after by children of today as they were by the Indians in earlier days. Children, of course, eat them at any time, but the Indians preferred them just after flowering. They were, with song and ceremony, dug with sharp-pointed sticks and eaten either raw or cooked. The cooking was done in a pit lined with heated rocks, the corms placed therein in layers between green leaves, all covered over with earth and a fire lighted on top. The pit was opened after a day or so and the corms were eaten, and very sweet they were on account of the long, slow cooking. The blue dicks or grass nuts in fact, hold quite as warm a place in the affections of Californians as does the California poppy and are much used in floral decorations both in the home and in flower carnivals. The genus Brodiaea was named in honor of one James L. Brodie of Brodie House, Elgin, Scotland. Nearly all the species are confined in natural occurrence to the western United States where there are about thirty species. Brodiaea capitata is a scapose, cormous herb, the fibrous-coated corm flattened and crocus-like and measuring to about three-quarters of an inch in diameter. The leaves are few, narrowly linear and purple. They are up to two-thirds of an inch long. Each has six spreading, obtuse, elliptic-ovate perianth segments which are a little longer than the tube and six anther-bearing stamens, three of which are large and three small. T. H. EVERETT. XPLANATION OF Pate. Fig, 1.—A flowering scape. Fig. 2 bulb, show- a base —The ing leaves and of the flo ae ose —-A flower, laid open x 2, wer scapes. Fig. 3—Two bracts, Fig. 4.—A flo PLATE 692 ADDISONIA CYRTANTHUS MACKENII COOPERI ADDISONIA 39 (Plate 692) CYRTANTHUS MACKENII VAR. COOPERI Yellow Ifafa Lily Native of South Africa Family AMARYLLIDACEAE AMARYLLIS Family Cyrtanthus tutescens Hook. Bot. Mag. pl. 5374. 1863. Not Herb. Cyrtanthus lutescens var. Cooperi Baker, Handb. Amaryllid. 58. 1888. Cyrtanthus Mackenii var. Cooperi R, A, Dyer, Herbertia 1939: 79. 1940. Much confusion has arisen because Baker (Handb. Amaryllid. 58, 1888, and Fl. Cap. 6: 225, 1896) described this color phase of C. Mackenii as a variety of C. lutescens Herb. The situation has been clarified by R. A. Dyer in ‘‘A Review of the Genus Cyrtanthus’’ Herbertia, Vol. 6: 79, 1939. Dyer arrives at the conclusion that more than one species was involved in Baker’s conception of C. lutescens, and that Baker’s variety Cooperi properly belongs with C. Mackenii. The older binomial C. ochroleucus Burch. replaces C. lutescens Herb. and a clear distinction is drawn between C. ochroleucus with leaves 1-2 mm. broad, and C. Mackenii with leaves 5 mm. to 1 em. broad. In gardens C. Mackenii var. Cooperi is usually grown as C. lutescens and this undoubtedly accounts for Col. Grey’s statement (Hardy Bulbs Vol. 11: 28, 1938) regarding C. Mackenii; ‘‘I can see no botanical difference between it and C. lutescens with yellow flow- ers to which Dean Herbert gave specific rank. I have received both plants from South Africa collected as C. Mackenii. They are grow- ing side by side, and appear to me to be indistinguishable, apart from their difference in colour.’’ At the New York Botanical Garden bulbs of C. Mackenii var. Cooperi have been received under the name C. lutescens, both from South Africa and from Kew. The plants from which our illustra- tion was made came from the latter source. In warmer sections of the country this Cyrtanthus is hardy but it will not stand much frost and over most of the United States it must be considered only as a subject for the cool greenhouse—or perhaps, under favorable circumstances, for the window garden. It is essentially a colleector’s item; pretty in a quiet sort of way but lacking the brilliance and display qualities of many other South African bulbous plants. The blooms are produced rather spas- modically over a long period from fall to late winter. It thrives in a light, well-drained, sandy soil. When grown 40 ADDISONIA indoors, the bulbs should be set closely together in six-inch pans and covered to a depth of about one inch. They require essentially the same culture conditions as Freesias. The genus Cyrtanthus in its natural distribution is confined to Africa south of the equator. The central area of distribution is in Natal and the eastern Cape region. These plants in the wild occur principally in moist places in the mountains, in open grass- land or on cool rock ledges. They do not occur in the excessively dry areas. Our present subject grows in moist places near the coast in southern Natal and the northeastern Cape region, usually associated with the typical, white-flowered form. The fot a lily is an acaulescent plant arising from a tunicate bul e or two inches in diameter, contracted upwardly into a neck, parent by budding at the ba ase. The two to six leaves, present at flowering time, are linear, six to eight inches long and one-fourth to three- eighths of an inch broad, bright yellow -green, somewhat reddish spotted at the base. The peduncle is hollow and longer than the leaves. The two spathe hee are lanceolate, three-fourths of an inch to an inch and one-half long, green, becoming brown and scarious as the flowers develop. The pedicels are usually Shorter than the spathe-valves. The flow four to ten in number, are slightly curved and erect or archi The perianth is light yellow, the tube about two inches long, gradually dilated upwards, the lobes about one-fourth inch long, oblong-orbicular strongly recurved. The six stamens are in two series near the top of the perianth- throat, the filaments very short, the anthers of the upper series barely exserted. The slender style is exserted, the stigma three-parted, the tips bristly. The fruit is an oblong, three-valved capsule, loculicidally dehiscent, the seeds flattened and black. T. H. EveRrertT. EXPLANATION OF PLaTe, Fig. 1.—A flowerin ‘ ; — es. Fi 4.—A flower, laid open. . ee Z PLATE 693 ADDISONIA CRATAEGUS HARBISONI ADDISONIA 41 (Plate 693) CRATAEGUS HARBISONI Harbison’s Haw Native of Tennessee Family Mauacrar APPLE Family Crataegus Harbisoni Beadle, Coult. Bot. Gaz. 28: 413. 1899. One of the outstanding challenges to the professional botanist is the genus Crataegus which reaches its greatest development as well - as its greatest complexity in the eastern United States. Nearly a thousand species have been described in the genus, only about ninety of which are in Europe and Asia. There is little doubt but what future study, especially of living plants in their natural stands, will greatly reduce the number of distinct species, but there seems little likelihood of this happening in the near future, as there is scarcely a plant student today who will dare to even attempt identification of a specimen of this most difficult genus. So confused and minute are the specific distinctions as to make it appear that every colony of plants is a separate species. Such a situation is unparalleled in North American flowering plants and cannot be clarified by her- barium work, but only by years of study in the field of both flowering and fruiting plants. The thorns, pig-apples, or haws, as they are variously called, are an attractive group horticulturally, as they are easily grown under many trying conditions, nearly all hardy, and quite showy in both flower and fruit. They are all shrubs or small trees of vary- ing size, well shaped in their form of growth, and should be much more frequently used in decorative plantings. Some few species are of clear enough identity to make for assurance of what to expect from the plant, and those few are becoming increasingly popular. Our present subject, being one of the large-fruited kinds with bright fall coloring of its foliage, is one of the desirable types, and in spite of its great rarity as a wild plant, is not rare in culti- vation. It is native to a small region centering around Nashville, Tennessee, where it was discovered by the veteran collector, T. G. Harbison, who did so much to make known to science and to culti- vation many of the rare woody plants of our southeastern states. Harbison’s haw is a small tree fifteen to twenty-five feet tall. The bark of the trunk of mature trees is slightly fissured and scaly, ash-gray, frequently spiny. The bark of the branches is greenish 42 ADDISONIA gray, the growth of the season reddish-brown. The branches and twigs are usually armed with stout, black-brown spines two inches long. The leaves are broadly ovate to obvate, the blades two to four inches long, irregularly double-serrate, sometimes incisely lobed, dark, glossy green — seabrid on the upper surface, paler below and pubescent on the principal veins; the petioles about one- half inch long and ae black-tipped glands as does also the tapered base of the blade. The stipules are about one-fourth inch * oe and oodiahs silky-pubescent. The pedicels are one-fourth to one inch long, each bearing one to three, pectinately glandular, nese sragtiots: The hypanthium is silky-hairy, the sepals likewise 0, about one-fourth = long, linear-lanceolate, pectinately glan- nia. serrate. The stamens average about twenty, with yellow anthers. The pistils . ae three to five. The petals are spread so as to form individual flowers about three-fourths of an inch across. The fruit is globose, red or orange-red, three fourths of an inch across, pubescent or smooth, punctate, ripening in October. The three to five nutlets are one-fourth to three-eighths of an inch long, the dorsal side with one or two grooves, the lateral surfaces smooth. E. J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A flowering spra Fig. 2.—A leaf with fall coloration, Fig. 3.—A fruiting Sanit ee . PLATE 694 ADDISONIA DENDROBIUM CHRYSOTOXUM ADDISONIA 43 (Plate 694) DENDROBIUM CHRYSOTOXUM Golden-arched Dendrobium Native of Lower Burma Family ORCHIDACEAE Oxcumw Family Dendrobium chrysotozum Lindl. Bot. Reg. 33, sub pl. 19, 1847. As a stove house orchid there are few to compare with Den- drobium chrysotorum. Even though in a family over-abundant with showy subjects, it should rightfully take a place among the leaders of cultivated orchids. Its ease of culture and free flowering habits, generously producing an abundance of clear golden yellow flowers, are alone sufficient to warrant high praise. Furthermore we can say its floriferous qualities are hardly more than equal to its keeping qualities, which under favorable conditions will last on the plant nearly a month. These are but a few of its many com- mendable traits making it so desirable as a worthy subject for more extensive cultivation. Dendrobium chrysotorum is widely distributed over the plains and mountains of Lower Burma. It is said to be rather abundant in the Arracan Mountains and on the Mountains of Moulmein, often ascending to elevations of 2500 to 3000 feet. At high elevations the pseudobulbs are much more compact than those of lower eleva- tions or when grown under shadier conditions. Though the culture of this orchid does not present any particular difficulty, there are, it is true, certain requirements we must first fulfill for its successful culture. Like other members of the ever- green group of Dendrobiums, it most certainly requires a resting period,—a period in which the plants are watered sparingly, sub- jected to a free circulation of air, maximum light and lower tempera- tures, and at no time should they be treated so as to cause the shrivel- ling of the pseudobulbs. The plants normally complete their annual growth about the end of August, at which time they can be removed to a cooler house and cared for in the prescribed fashion until the following February. At this time it will noticed that flower buds have developed just below the leaves on many of the pseudobulbs. The plants may then be returned to the warm house to flower and once again commence active growth. Shortly after flowering, new growths will be apparent from the 44 ADDISONIA base of the previous season’s pseudobulbs. It is at this time that attention should be given to potting. However, it is far better to avoid this, unless of course the plants have outgrown their receptacles or the fiber is so decayed or sour that it is incapable of supporting healthy growth. Cypress baskets or perforated pots or pans are to be preferred as receptacles for these permit a better aeration of the fiber, a considerable aid in maintaining a sweet and amiable medium. The container need only be large enough to accommodate the plants comfortably. As a potting medium osmunda fiber should be used, to which only a small portion of sphagnum has been added. This should be well packed about the plants so that they are held firmly in place. Attention to these and other details will be well reflected in the health of the plants. Such other requirements as water, light, and air during their growing period are much the same as for other orchids. It should be remembered however that this species, like other members of the genus, does its best when suspended from the roof of the greenhouse. Dendrobium chrysotorum is one of several species in the group of tropical evergreen Dendrobiums. It is characterized by its stout, ribbed and joined, elub-shaped pseudobulbs, which are covered wit th a brownish white membranous sheath and bearing at their extremities two to four oblong, acute, se tei leaves. The inflorescence in its typical form arises from the two-year-old pseudobulbs, and o —— from the Saas It is an a arching, eee ciay raceme, appearing from just below the leaves, with from six to twelve golden n ers are nearly two inches across with s pal and petals broadly spreading. The sepals are slightly Sheotee: — about = as wide as the petals which are broad ovate in shape. The li wide- spreading and ondivided, with an Sitractive: fringed ana "ciliated margin. It is of a clear golden yellow, much the same as the sepals and petals. The base of the lip is contracted, and has a prominent blunt spur. The color of the disc is somewhat deeper yellow with deep orange markings in a semicircle at the base of the blade. The column is short with a blunt tooth at each side of the anther sac. JOSEPH W. TANSEY. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. —A portion of an inflo Fig. 2A peedidopat, leaves and — t ine aober ete. Fig. 3 hp, aide" view. fi 1. 2 eoluma, Ts view x 4, 5.—Column, face view x 4. 6.—Stamen x6. Fig. PLATE 695 ADDISONIA GARDOQUIA COCCINEA ADDISONIA 45 (Plate 695) GARDOQUIA COCCINEA Scarlet Calamint Native of the east Gulf Coast region of the United States Family LABIATAE Mint Family Cunila coccinea Nutt. ex Hook. Exot. Fl. 3. = 363. 1825. Gardoquia Hooker! Benth. Lab, Gen. et gp 401. 1832-6. cl cote ere Be Rinten: hae Tone © 2. bib. 1891. Gardoquia coccinea Alexander, comb. nov. Over a hundred years ago there was discovered in the Gulf Coast region of Florida this bright red-flowered calamint. There was for many years following, considerable confusion among botanists as to which genus it should be referred. George Bentham, the earliest reliable writer on the complexities of the mint family, recognized its relation to the tropical American genus Gardoquia, but un- fortunately ignored its older specific name and named it Gardoquia Hookeri. Botanists since then have bandied the plant from one genus to another, always using the older specific name coccinea but never making the combination Gardoquia coccinea which is herewith made. The plant is somewhat anomalous in the genus Gardoquia on account of its bilabiate calyx, but the structure of the anthers, the corolla, and the characteristic venation and structure of the ealyx so obviously point to that genus as to overwhelm the minor character of the amount of fusion of the upper calyx-lobes. This is one of those plants which had its original home on the Oligocene island of peninsular Florida, and with the rising of the surrounding area above the sea, spread into favorable habitats through northern Florida and along the sandhill region westward to Mississippi and northeastward into southern Georgia. In these areas it is an attractive sight when in bloom and seems quite out of place in the white sand where it usually grows. When originally discovered, it was for a time quite popular in European gardens, but has since disappeared from cultivation. It is not quite hardy at New York City, but is doubtless 80 further south, and succeeds quite well in a soil with a strong admixture of sand. The shrub is of rather loose, straggling growth, its chief decorative value being the brilliant color of the flowers. The genus Gardoquia was dedicated by Ruiz and Pavon to honor 46 ADDISONIA Don Diego Gardoqui, Minister of Finance under Charles IV of Spain who was instrumental in promoting the publication of the Flora Peruviana. The scarlet calamint is a shrub two to three, or rarely four feet tall, with slender puberulent branches covered with loose- fitting brown bark. e leaves are rather far apart, obovate to spatulate, one-fourth to three-fourths of an inch long, puberulent, sane ly when young, and resinous punctate. The flowers are in axillary "vertices, one- to three-flowered, each flower subtended at the base of its pedicel by two spatulate bracts about one-eighth of an inch long. The calyx is three-eighths to one-half inch long, closely puberulent and resinous punctate, bilabiate, the upper lip three-notched, the lower lip with two lanceolate, acute lobes, the pubescence of the lobes of both lips more densely soft hairy than the remainder of the calyx. The calyx is otherwise naked within except or a ring of long hairs which closes the throat. The corolla is pubescent outside, about one and one-half inches long, strongly bilabiate, bright scarlet, yellow outside on the lower side of the throat, yellow inside on both sides of the throat and tube, the yellow portion Setovtiearssae and spotted on the central portion of the lower lip. e stamens are paired, the two upper with the free es of ce filaments only half the length of the free portion of e lower ones. The filaments are slender, whitish and smooth, the anthers yellow, united by a large brown connective. The pistil is yellowish longer than the corolla, very slender, the stigma red- dish, equally two-parted. The fr uit — of four brown obloud wineutes nutlets, their surface finely pitt E. = ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—A flowering b h. Fig. 2.—Calyx x2. Fi 3.—Corolla, laid open. Fig. ‘livadectins. —— = fe = PLATE 696 ADDISONIA STREPTOCARPUS REXII ADDISONIA 47 {Plate 696) STREPTOCARPUS REXII Native of South Africa Family GESNERIACEAE GESNERIA Family Didymocarpus Rewii Hooker, Exot. Flor. 3. 227: 1827. Streptocarpus Rewii Lindley, Bot. Reg. 14, pl. 1173 : 1828. Most gardeners consider Streptocarpus Rexti, sometimes referred to as Cape Primrose, outclassed by modern hybrids. As far back as 1886 it was one of the original parents used in breeding a race with larger flowers and a wider variety of colors, thus producing something more valuable to gardeners generally. In recent years further improvement in the size of the flowers has stimulated inter- est in the genus. Amateur gardeners in this day and age are constantly inquiring for suitable plants to grow in their greenhouses. Especially do they ask for plants that are not hypersensitive to temperature or, indeed, exacting as to elaborate cultural details. Both 8. Rexii and the hybrids can be recommended as plants that require but little coddling. They are easily raised from seed, and as soon in Spring as a minimum temperature of 55°-60° can be maintained, seed may be sown on a finely sifted surface of rather sandy compost. The seeds are tiny and should be scattered on the soil after it has been thor- oughly saturated. This should obviate further watering until germination has been completed, especially if the seed container is covered with a sheet of glass and kept shaded. Transplant the tiny seedlings into a similar soil medium, and when large enough plant singly into small pots. Further potting into a well drained medium will be required as roots develop. A five-inch pot should suffice for final growth of the first year. Slightly larger pots may be used for a second year’s culture. Rarely after that is it profitable to keep them. They are at home in a shady situation, and will benefit from copious supplies of water. Light applications of any recognized complete greenhouse fertilizer may be applied advantageously just prior to the appearance of the flowers. Although one may divide the crown in spring or propagate from leaf cuttings, neither method has been considered satisfactory. Plants raised in this way are never so robust, and eonsequently the flowers are of inferior quality. 48 ADDISONIA The genus, consisting of about 30 species, is indigenous to Africa and Madagascar. Literature tells us that 8. Rezxii flowered at Kew for the first time in 1826 from seed collected in S. Africa in forest lands on the estate of one George Rex at Knysna, in the Cape Province, and from that point the plant extends northward along the coast through eastern Transvaal. four to seven inches long, tapering towards the base into what might be considered a footstalk. ‘The upper surface is yellow green, bul- late and deeply veined, while the under-side is a very pale green with the veins markedly prominent. om two to five simple Scapes appear from the base of the leaves, each bearing one, rarely The pedicel is up to three-fourths of an inch long. The five sepals, each three-eighths of an inch long, are lanceolate and pubescent. n The pistil is linear and pilose; the style greenish purple to white towards the two-parted stigma. The capsule, four to five inches long, is erect—more so than represented in the figure. It is two valved, the valves twisted spirally. The seed is very minute. J. G. Esson. 1.—A flowering scape. Fig. 2.—A leaf. Fig. 3.— Fig. a, laid open. Fig. 4.—Stamens, front and back yiew . Fig. 5.—Gynoecium Fig. 6. sinteie fruit. . : = he EXPLANATION OF PLATE, Coroll x 2: RECENT PLATES ARGEMONE PLATYCERAS ROSEA PLATE 673. LEUCOCORYNE !XIOIDES JACOBINIA SPICIGERA PLATE 674. —- ER ah rege seairegeah NERINE CURVIFOLIA PENSTEM WHIPPLEANUS KALANCHOE TUBIFLO PLATE el . AECHMEA FULGENS DISCOLOR PLATE 687. GLYCOSMIS C Lee PLATE 688. -RONDELETIA LEUCOPHYLLA CONTENTS PLATE 68S. PYRRHEIMA FUSCATA PLATE 690. JUSSIAEA DIFFUSA PLATE 691. BRODIAEA CAPITATA PLATE 692. CYRTANTHUS MACKEN! COOPER! PLATE 693. CRATAEGUS HARBISON! PLATE 694. DENDROBIUM CHRYSOTOXUM PLATE 695. GARDOQUIA COCCINEA PLATE 696. STREPTOCARPUS REXI! Corrections for Addisonia Volume 21, No. 4 EXPLANATION OF PLATE 697. Fig. 1—An inflorescence. Fig. 2.—A portion of the inflores- cence scape showing bracts. Fig. 3—An inner and an outer perianth part. Figs. 4 & 5—Two stamens x3. Fig. 6—The gynoecium x 3. Fig. 7.—A mature capsule. Fig. g—_A dehisced capsule and a seed. Fig. 9—-Upper portion of a ‘Tea EXPLANATION OF PLATE 698. Fig. 1—An inflorescence. Fig. 2.—A flower laid open. Fig. 3.—The tip of a leafy stem. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 700. Fig. 1—Top of a flowering stem. Fig. 2—Flower with the two large petals removed, showing the different types of stamens the small petal, calyx, and gynoecium x2. Fig. 3—The capsule x2. Fig. 4.—Top and base of leafy stem. EXPLANATION OF PLATE 703. Fig. 1—Tip of a flowering branch. Fig. 2.—A petal x2. Fig. 3.—A stamen, front and side views, x3. Fig. 4—Calyx and gynoe- cium x3. Fig. 5.— te e 7 ME-Balon TRADESCANTIA MICRANTHA ADDISONIA 53 (Plate 699) TRADESCANTIA MICRANTHA Native of southern Texas and adjacent Mexico Family CoMMELINACEAE DAYFLOWER Family Tradescantia micrantha Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 224. 1859. We are so accustomed to think of Tradescantia in terms of the hardy T. virginica and related forms, or of the common leafy T. fluminensis, the wandering-jew, that this rather rare and little- known species appears somewhat surprising. Its long-wandering stems and small leaves are rather unattractive, but the bright flowers, borne over a period of several months make it a suitable subject to grow along with a more leafy plant. Tradescantia micrantha belongs among the lost and found botanical species, for it was for many years known only from a single specimen. First discovered near the mouth of the Rio Grande in 1854, by A. Schott, one of the collectors of the Mexican Boundary Survey, the one specimen then collected was all that was known of the plant until its rediscovery near Corpus Christi, Texas, in 1894 by A. A. Heller. Since then a few more stations have been located in southern Texas and the adjacent part of Mexico. Mr. Heller’s specimens remained in a bundle of porous papers for nearly five months after their collection, but they then came into the hands of Dr. J. N. Rose of the U. 8S. Department of Agriculture, who seeing that some branches were still alive, planted them, and in a short time they multiplied into some 400 plants which were distributed to several botanical gardens. The plant has now disappeared from cultivation except in the region where it is native. It is, however, an easily grown subject, but has little horticultural value except as a carpet-plant under dry conditions. Our present plate was made from plants sent in by Robert Runyon of Brownsville, Texas. Tradescantia micrantha is a perennial, creeping herb. The stems are soft and fleshy, much-branched, the internodes longer than the leaves and slightly inflated. The leaves are ovate-lanceo- late, one-half to one inch long, soft and juicy as are the stems. The owers are borne in terminal clusters subtended by two leaf-like spathes. The sepals are one-fourth inch long, lanceolate, concave, pale green with purple-red tips and a few sparse hairs on t rsal side and at the apex. The petals are rhombic-ovate, bright rose- purple, about three-eighths inch long. The stamens have rose- purple filaments with long, beaded hairs, the anther-cells separated 54 ADDISONIA a broad connective. The style is slender and white, the ovary by orbicular. The fruit has not been recorded Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. ee ie of a flowering plant. Fig. 2.—A oe Fig. 3.—A petal x 2. —A stamen x3. Fig. 5—The gynoecium ADDISONIA PLATE 700 AM i ae nero —— Tb lig aoa EA eg MEE alon COMMELINANTIA ANOMALA : | ; ADDISONIA 55 (Plate 700) COMMELINANTIA ANOMALA Native of Texas Family CoMMELINACEAE DAYFLOWER Family Tradescantia anomala Torr., Bot. Mex. Bound. 225, 1859, Tinantia anomala C. B. Clarke, DC. Monog. Phan. 3: 287. 1881, Commelinantia anomala Tharp, Bull. Torr. Club 49: 273. 1922. When our present subject was described by Dr. John Torrey in 1859, his use of the specific name anomala indicated some doubt as to the proper placement of the plant. He wrote of it as intermediate between Commelina and Tradescantia, and such it appears to be upon superficial examination. The flower is like Commelina but the fila- ments are bearded as are those of Tradescantia although in a differ- ent way. The seeds are like neither. In fact, the Commelina-like flowers, the four kinds of stamens, the peculiar seed-structure and the manner of branching wherein the branches break through the leaf-sheaths at the nodes, are so distinct in the aggregate that one is astonished that it was not until 1922 that a new genus was erected to contain this interesting plant. Of course it must be remembered, that throughout the Commelinaceae the flowers are so evanescent and impossible of preservation that their true structure is very difficult to discover from dried material. This fact has caused endless con- fusion in the placement of species within the genera of the family, and it is to be hoped that some day a revision of the entire family may be made based upon living material, as it is only by that method that satisfactory structural descriptions can be made. Our plant grows on moist, wooded slopes and stream-bottoms in the Edwards Plateau region of west central Texas. Commelinantia anomala is an annual, tender herb with several clustered stems varying in height from eight inches to two feet. The branches, which become more numerous as the season advances, arise from the leaf-axils and break through the close-fitting leaf-sheaths, sometimes more than one arising from a node. The bas: es are narrowly spatulate, eight to twelve inches long, the petiolar portion long ciliate, the blade with a few scattered long hairs. The stem leaves vary from two to ten inches long, the lower ones the longer, the upper becoming gradually shorter. The leaf-blades are lanceolate acute or acuminate, the lower ones short-petioled, the upper becom- ing somewhat cordate-clasping at the base. The inflorescence is terminal on the stems and branches, subtended by a spathe similar to the upper stem leaves, but erect, broader and shorter and with no sheath. The flowers are borne three to sixteen in a scorpioid raceme, 56 ADDISONIA each in the axil of a small, persistent bract. The three sepals are three-eighths to one-half inch long, blunt and slightly hooded at the tip, dorsally keeled, glandular-ciliate towards the tip in bud, the cilia deciduous. The corolla consists of two almost rhombic, sky- blue petals about three-quarters of an inch long, and an incon- spicuous, whitish, ovate petal about an eighth of an inch long. The stamens have four kinds of filaments: the posterior one densely bearded at the base and in the lower two-thirds of the inner face with lavender-purple hairs; the two postero-lateral ones densely bearded above the middle with short lavender-purple, yellow-tipped hairs; Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—Base of stem. Fig. 2.—Leafy stem. = 3.—Top of a flowering stem. Fig. 4.—Flower with the two large petals removed, showing the different types of stamens, the small petal, calyx and gynoecium x 2. Fig. 5.—The capsule x 2, PLATE 701 ADDISONIA M.C-Eoton TRIXIS RADIALIS ADDISONIA 57 (Plate 701) TRIXIS RADIALIS Native of tropical America Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family Perdicium radiale, L., Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 1248. 1763. Trivis — Lag., Kunte en. Nat. 1: 36. in abs. 1811. Comb. implied only. Trivis radialis Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 370. 1891. Tropical American Composites are not often grown in cultivation except for some of our common flower garden annuals. The shrubby and climbing kinds are rarely seen outside of their native regions, although some of them are remarkably attractive in flower. As might be expected in a family of plants whose members are so similar in general flowering habit, only the outstandingly different ones are likely to become horticultural subjects. These statements are not intended to recommend our present subject for cultivation, for it is of hardly more than botanical interest. We do wish to say, however, that it represents an interesting tribe of the Composites, the Mutisiae, scarcely known in American horticulture except for the genus Gerbera. The species of Mutisia, however, would well be grown as cool greenhouse climbers, as they are attractive foliage plants and have beautiful, large, pink or red-rayed flower-heads. The genus Trixis is primarily tropical, although two or three species reach the southwestern United States, our present one coming into southern Texas, but widespread in tropical America. Most of the species are shrubs or semi-climbers with yellow or orange flower- heads of varying sizes. In 7. radialis the heads are borne in large Sprays making a rather showy plant when in flower, although not an especially striking one. Trixis radialis is a half-scrambling shrub with smooth brown bark and long, whiplike branches. The leaves are alternate glabrous, shlore allipiie: tapering at both ends, short-petioled, two to six inches long. The inflorescence is a cymiform panicle, the heads few at the ends of each of the panicle branches. The heads bractlets. The involucre is cylindrical, the bracts linear, connate. The florets are all alike, bilabiate, bright orange-yellow, about one inch long. The pappus bristles —. one-half inch long, the fruit a sare achene about one-half inch lon Epwarp J, ALEXANDER. a EXPLANATION OF PLaTs. Fig. 1.—Tip of a flowering branch. Fig. 2.—A floret PLATE 702 ADDISONIA 7 ; | ‘is VERBENA MARITIMA ADDISONIA 59 (Plate 702) VERBENA MARITIMA Beach Vervain Native of Florida Family VERBENACEAE VervaIn Family Verbena maritima Small, Bull. N. ¥. Bot. Gard. 3: 436. 1905. Glandularia maritima Small, Man. Southeast. Fi, 1138 & 1508. 1933. The large and important Vervain Family, with about eighty genera and three thousand species and varieties, is widespread in distribution. Very few land areas of the earth are without some of its representatives, Best known to the layman is the genus Verbena, founded by Linnaeus in the first edition of his Systema Naturae in 1737, but with a pre-Linnean history that goes back to the classical days of the ancient Greeks and Romans. In this historic genus over four hundred and fifty binomials have been published by botanical workers through the years, but a great many of the plants thus referred to do not belong in the true genus Verbena as now recognized. True verbenas are most abundant in the central and south-central portions of the United States, in Mexico, and in southern Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay, Argentina, and Chile where over two hundred and five species and varieties are concentrated. In the Old World (Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia) there are only about five native species and varieties and eight or nine additional ones intro- duced from America as weeds. Because of the showy flowers of so many of its species, the genus Verbena (especially the section Glandularia, which is perhaps worthy of generic rank) has long been an important horticultural subject. In the wild flora of Florida the genus Verbena is represented by fifteen species and varieties. Of these, eight are introduced and seven are native species. The one here pictured and V. tampensis are endemic to Florida. The beach vervain is found in the coastal counties of the state from Monroe County north to Flagler County, and on the west coast to Lee County. Typically it inhabits sandy ridges bordering the ocean, sand-dunes, and even the beaches themselves, but oceurs also in dune hammocks, low pinelands, flatwoods, and kitchen-middens. The species is apparently closely related to the widespread and extremely polymorphic V. canadensis of inland portions of the United States, which occurs in the more northern counties of Florida. The ranges of the two species overlap in Brevard, Flagler and Volusia counties, where intermediate specimens have been found. It was apparently first collected and recognized as distinet by A. H. Curtiss, who gathered it on ‘‘sand ridges bordering the ocean [mear Cape Canaveral], E. Florida, July [1879]’’ and distributed 60 ADDISONIA it under the name Verbena Aubletia var. maritima. This name he published on the printed labels of his first distribution of North American plants (no. 1963) and in the advertising leaflet concern- ing it, but failed ever to validate it by a formal description. A tea is made from the flowers and drunk hot by the Seminole Indians as an antidote for the bite of the venomous water-moccasin. Because of its showy inflorescences and long blooming season, it seems probable that the species here depicted would prove itself a valuable horticultural subject, especially in seaside gardens in sub- tropical and tropical regions and along the coasts of Florida and our other Gulf States and southern California. sparsely pubescent on both surfaces. The inflorescence is a terminal spike, pedunculate, subcapitate during anthesis, becoming elongated to as much as two and three-quarters inches in fruit, densely many- flowered. The flowers are showy and bloom practically throughout the year. Each flower or fruit is subtended by a persistent, lanceo- late, green bractlet about half as long as the calyx. The calyx is slender, tubular, three-eighths to one-half inch long, about one- sixteenth inch in diameter, appressed-pubescent (the hairs often glandular), conspicuously five-ribbed, its rim five-toothed with short, slender, subulate, unequal teeth, two of which are about one-sixteenth inch long, the other three about half that length. The corollas are salverform, varying from rose-purple to lilac-purple. The corolla tube is narrowly cylindric, one and a half to three times the length i imb deeply five-parted, widely spreading, three- to five-eighths inch in diameter ; the lobes obovate and deeply notched at the apex. The four stamens are inserted in pairs at two levels near the mouth of the corolla-tube and entirely included by the tube. The filaments are slender and extremely short. The anthers are small, oblong, with or without glands. The single compound pistil has a slender, smooth style five-eighths to three-quarters inch long, shortly two-lobed at apex, the posterior lobe smooth and non-stigmatiferous, the anterior lobe broader, papillose, and stigmatic. The ovary is four- suleate and four-celled. The fruit is enclosed by the mature un- changed calyx and when ripe separates into four dark brown, one- seeded, subcylindric, crustaceous nutlets (cocci), which are about five thirty-seconds of an inch long, scrobiculate, with a broadened base, the commissural surface narrow and muricately roughened. N. MoLpENKE. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. 1, of a fl branch. 2.—Corolla laid nm showing stamens ik Sie ee mutece athe and hieehine bractlet x3, Pig. 4,—A seed x 3. PLATE 703 ADDISONIA TALINUM MENGESII ADDISONIA 61 (Plate 703) TALINUM MENGESII Native of southeastern United States Family PorTULACACEAE Portutaca Family Talinum Mengesii W. Wolff, Am. Midl. Nat. 6: 153. 1920. In all the years that botanical exploration continued in the upland sections of the southeastern U. S., it was always accepted that there was but one species of Patio in that region. It re- mained for Brother Wolff, of St. Bernard College in Cullman, Ala- bama, to prove in 1920 that there was a second species within the bounds of that area, and since then, in 1939, he proved the presence of even a third species. These eastern highland Talinums are peculiar in their choice of habitat. Not content as are most plants with good soil, they must grow among loose rock or in shallow depressions on rock slopes where little or no soil can accumulate, or with their roots buried among the decaying stems of the mosses and Selaginellas which make large patches on the rock slopes and cliffs. In such seemingly impossible habitats these plants thrive in company with the rock sandwort, Arenaria glabra, which requires similar conditions. Both, however, require strong sunlight, dying out rapidly if any other plants become established close enough to produce more than very light shade. Our present subject is the second of these Talinums to be dis- covered, and where the better known I. teretifolium is confined to crystalline rocks, 7. Mengestt is seemingly confined to sandstone, and not only that, but to a particular geological formation. The plant is known only from about a dozen stations in Alabama, Ten- nessee and Georgia. The species of this group of Talinum are rock plants in the strictest sense, and are quite attractive rock-garden subjects where they are hardy. They must, however, not be planted in good soil or they will be short-lived, but in the poorest of gravel scrapings with no more than one-half inch of a mixture of gravelly soil and decaying vegetative matter. In no sense of the word are they rock-pocket or crevice plants. Talinum pk at is a perennial, succulent, — herb, its stems arising fro a fleshy branching tered li ems are a about six h 62 ADDISONIA stem, on peduncles five or six inches long, eymosely branched, each branch subtended by a small bract. e flowers are three-quarters of an inch to an inch across, opening for about six hours on a single afternoon. The two sepals are concave, three-sixteenths of an inch long. The stamens are forty to one hundred in number, but most often fifty to eighty. The stigma is subcapitate, the style clavate, the ovary orbicular. The fruit is a three-valved globose capsule ds. with numerous black seeds. Epwarp J. ALEXANDER. __. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. is 1.—Roots and rootstock. Fig. a of_a flower- ing branch. Fig. 3.—Calyx and gynoecium x3. Fig. 4.—A petal x2, Fig. 5— Stamens, front and side wxs3. Fig. 6—A late season flower. PLATE 704 ADDISONIA ME-Ealon. GRINDELIA OOLEPIS ADDISONIA 63 (Plate 704) GRINDELIA OOLEPIS Native of southern Texas Family CARDUACEAE THISTLE Family Grindelia oblepis Blake, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 41: 139. 1928. Among the composites are many genera the species of which are so readily adapted to survival under adverse conditions that they have come to be classed as weeds. Such a one is the genus Grindelia, some of whose species are considered pests by the western farmers whose lands they invade. These species are especially able to grow in soils which have a high alkaline content, such as seashore and desert soils or those which after the spring rains become hard-baked and dry. They seed freely and are rapid colonizers, but only within limited areas, as the seed, having no pappus to act as a sail, cannot ‘travel any distance. ~ As is to be expected in any genus of this type, there are some non-weedy species, and some even rare endemics. Our present sub- ject is one of these latter, being known only from the Rio Grande delta in Texas, where it grows in slightly moist, black, sticky soil known locally as ‘‘gumbo.’’ It was discovered by Robert Runyon of Brownsville, Texas, in 1923. Within its genus, this is one of the most distinct species, standing clearly apart in its lack of viscidity, narrow leaves, solitary discoid heads and broad, flat-based, involucral bracts. Most of the species of this genus are very viscid, giving off a balsamic odor when rubbed, and have taper-pointed involucral bracts. Grindelia is botanically an interesting genus, usually considered as related to the asters, goldenrods and rabbit-brushes; showing, however, such strong affinities in its involucral and achene structure to the sunflower tribe as to indicate a relationship there also. The genus was named in honor of David Hieronymus Grindel, Professor of Botany at Riga, Latvia, in the latter part of the eight- eenth and early nineteenth cenutry. Grindelia odlepis is a perennial herb with unbranched stems arising from a wiry ——. rootstock. The leaves are 1-3 inches ong, and vary from spatulate to linear and are entire to five- or seven-toothed, the lower cauline ones close together, the internodes becoming longer towards the upper stem. The heads are solitary at the ends of long leafy stems. The involucre is about one-half inch across, the bracts somewhat squarrose (in living material), the outer- 64 ADDISONIA most ones lance-ovate, the intermediate ones ovate-lanceolate to ovate, fourths inch across, bright lemon yellow. The individual florets have a cylindrical tube, a narrow funnelform throat and ovate lobes. The pappus consists of two slender, caducous awns. The achene is roughly three- or four-angled with hardened ribs and roughened faces. EDWARD J. ALEXANDER. EXPLANATION OF PLATE. Fig. 1.—The base of a flowering stem. Fig. 2.—Tip of the == stem with a flower-head, Figs. 3-6.—Involucral bracts x3. Fig. 7.— A floret x3. Fig. 8—An achene x 3. INDEX d-face a ee is used for the Latin names of plants pe SMALL Bol CAPITALS for Latin names o authors of the text; italics for other ACANTHACEAE: teata, pl. 683 Acanthus family, 21 a, 17 Sanchezia parvibrac- Bcster, 17 — f var, vererest Lt; wee 681 aie oom EDWARD J.: Aechmea ful- ig oe 345 a Chand- ula divaricata, 13; Chrysopss hyssopifolia, il; Clema- 2 linantia ano- heima fuscata, 33; Renealmia ventricosa, 51; Rondeletia leuco- phylla, 31; Sanchezia parvi - teata, 21; Solanum sy beating 27; ser Pee a0 2 m Menge Tr adescantia micrantha, 53; ” wricks radialis, 57 LLIACEAE: Brodiaea capitata, pl. 691; Leucocoryne ixioides, pl. 673 Aipinia vittata sy YLLIDACEAE: Cooperia Smallii, pl. 676; Cyrtanthus Mackenii var. Cooperi, pl. 6 Amaryllis fa anil, 7, 39 Ancylogyne, 21 Anthericum Chandleri, 49, plate aa saad scohoilees Preussii, Apiachin ha arent 13 ple Arenaria glabra, 61 Beach vervain, 59, 60 Bellflower family, "13 tana tag 17 lueberry 4 amily, 3 Blue Dick 3 Bouvardia Pb fe 31 eee oe 38, plate 691 insularis. Gakneecenemain: Aechmea fulgens var. discolor, pl. 681 Cacomite, 38 alamint, searlet, 45, 46 Calamintha coccinea, 45 California hyacinth, 38 families illustrated and for the Latin of the in names, including synon, el Camp, W. H.: Hugeria erythrocarpa, 3 Campanula, 13 americana, 1 rates 13, plate 679 Casket tcatacie Campanula divari- cata, pl. 679 Campanulastrum, 13 ape a 47 es LIACEAE: Lonicera canadensis, Cannoacins Chrysopsis pag re pl. ee 3 Grindelia odlepis, p radialis, pl. 701 Ontenedast a iliae, Chrysopsis, iyssopitola 11, plate 678 mariana, 1 pichophatie: 11 Clematis, 5 texensis, 5, plate 675 —— var. coccinea, 5 occined, 5 Gematin-a scarlet, 5 Clinopodium coccineum, 45 cs y, 38 Co ommelinantia ano- bat _ fradescantia War. pl. 6 Odenasitnté hie 55, plate 700 Cooperia, 7 Smallii, 7, plate 676 Cooperia, yellow, 7 Small’s, 7 rry, 3 Cranberry, southern mountain, 3, 4 Crataegus, 41 Harbisoni, 41, plate 6938 Creeping primrose- w, 35 Crowfoot family, 5 Cunila coccinea, 45 Cyrtanthus, 39, 40 ar. Cooperl, 39, plate ochroleucus, 39 Dayflower family, 19, 33, 53, 55 Dendrobium chrysotoxum, 43, 44, plate Dendrobium, golden-arched, 43 65 66 Dichelostemma capitatum, 37 Dicks, blue, 37, “ti Didymocarpus Rexii, 47 Dipterostemon capiiatvls, 37 Dogbane family, 15 Esson, J. G.: Seah Stee Rexii, 47 Evening-Primrose famil ioide 25; Tradescantia Warscewieziana, 19 gwort family, 23 Fly-honeysuckle, 9 Gardoquia, 45 Goober.” i plate 695 Gesneria family, 47 GES + ERIACEAE: Streptocarpus Rezii, 1. 696 eee sun, 1 Glycosmis ci trivotle, 29, 30, plate 687 were arched dendro bium, 43 Grass 38 r eli: odlepis, 63, plate 704 Harbison’s haw, 41 Harebell, Appalachian, 13 f Horsenettle, 27 Hugeria, 3 3, plate 674 Hyacin th, California, 38 Hyachith, wild, 38 af ei > 39, 40 ndian LABIATAE: Gardoquia coccinea, pl. 695 Lamprococcus oy es var. discolor, 17 ixioides, 1, 2, plate 673 ivioides odorata , 1,2 Lila de Jos lanos, 49° ADDISONIA LiniacesE: Anthericum Chandleri, pl. Lily family, 49 Lily, yellow Ifafa, 39, 40 Limonia eitrifolia, 29 Ling-berry, Lonicera canadensis, 9, plate 677 ciliata, 9 utahensis, 9 Madder Family, 31 MauaceaE: Crataegus Harbisoni, pl. 69. Melissa coccinea, 45 Mint family, 45 —— Haroun N.: Verbena mari- ma, 59 Mountain cranberry, southern, 3, 4 Mutisia, 57 igger-babies, 38 Nigger-toes, 38 Nightshade family, 27 : Jussiaea diffusa, pl. 690 y or : Dendrobium chryso- cannes ™, pt. Oxycoceoides oe Na 3 ectus, Perdicium radi apm family, 6 Por CACEAE: asian Mengesii, pl. 47 family, 25 -willow, creeping, 35 se eR 35, "25, plate 685 poculiformis, sinensis PRIMULACEAE: Primula obconica, pl. 685 Purslane family, 61 Pyrrh 33 fuscata, 33, plate 689 Loddigesii, 33 RANUNCULACEAE: Clematis texensis, pl. 675 tricosa, 51, plate 698 Roek borne 61 dubia, 31 ADDISONIA elongata, 31 timann dg 31, plate 688 RUBIACEAE: Rondeletia leucophylla, pl. Rue family, RUTACEAE: ‘ eigieneie citrifolia, pl. 687 Saita, 38 sae tees 21 ibracteata, 21, plate 683 Sandw ort, rock, 61 Searlet eala mint, 45, 46 Searlet seve Schollera erythrocarpa, 3 AE: Penstemon dissec- us, pl. 684 SoLANACEAE: Solanum sisymbrifolium, pl. 686 Solanum, 2 Balbiet, 27 carolinense, 27 brifolium, 27, plate 686 Southern mountain cranberry, 3, 4 Spanish-lily, 38 Spiderwort family, 19, 33, 53, ache ear nig 47, ‘48, al 696 wie ti Peveiait: is plate 680 Sugar-lump, 38 ngesii, 61, one 703 torephfoltunn, TANSEY, JOSEP Ws Dendrobium chrysotozum, 43 og A family, 11, 57, 63 Tinantia anomala, 55 Tradescantia, 33, 55 anomala, 55 bs scewicziana, 19, plate 682 57 ia, : radiale, 57 radialis, 57, plate 701 VACCINIACEAE: Hugeria erythrocarpa, pl. 674 Vaccinium, 3 aun & Verbena, 59 Aubletia var. maritima, 60 canadensis, a, 59, ‘plate 702 socknotedie 5 VERBENACEAE: Verbena maritima, pl. 702 Vervain, beach, of 60 Vervain fa: ped Viorna coccin Pt Vitis-idaea samat 3 Wild-hyacinth, 38 Wild-onion, 38 Xylosteon ciliatum, 9 tataricum, 9 Yellow Cooperia, 7 Yellow Ifafa lily, 39, 40 pera, 7 RACEAE: Renealmia ventricosa, pl. 698 ATE 673. ae 674. PLATE 675. PLATE 680. Hut aa LLIE - LONICE RA CANA CHRYSOPSIS HYSSOPIFOLIA CAMPANULA DIVARICATA — PREUSSI! st ROPHANTH us CONTENTS ANTHERICUM CHANDLERI COMMELINANTIA ANOMALA TRIXIS RADIALIS VERBENA MARITIMA TALINUM MENGESI! GRINDELIA OOLEPIS