ote. Badia _— ME Withers. del. He Me, %, Sat ee. SS as 2)" ete Le OF TENDER AND HARDY Wirt = * rreFeped a h eomre Mail oid My maehagae nitig Gogh CONDUCTED BY B.MAUND F-1L.S, a0 : ASsreYsp AY THE REV? J. - askew Mohs Flee ee a PR mates In ne Gmerens SsiTY a PUBLISHED BY R.GROOMBRIDCE, PATERNOSTER ROW; “ar ~ packce se a aiken Geis plants, 2 * Y see plion a) a" Viputar Z | THE BOTANIST ACCURATELY COLOURED FIGURES, ORNAMENTAL PLANTS; WITH DESCRIPTIONS, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR; INTENDED TO CONVEY H MORAL AND INTELLECTUAL GRATIFICATION. CONDUCTED BY B. MAUND, F.L.S. BY THE REV. J.S. HENSLOW, M.A. F.L.S. &c. &e. BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE. oe [J “The World seems to have discovered that pepe Sonne hich Infinite Wisdom has deigned to tate itself ¢ ec angela ing, be unworthy of any of its creature: Sin. J. E. Surrn. Mo. ‘Bot. Ga de sos. DON: é avnkess BY R. GROOMBRIDGE, P. PATERNOSTER ROW : W. WHITE AND CO. apes 3 ROBERTSON AND CO. DUBLIN; M.G ALIGNANS, PARIS ; AUMAN AND CO. BRUSSELS}; AND J JACKSON, NEW YORK, PREFACE. HIs is not the age in which it i 'y to offer a laboured defence in favour of any particular branch of Natural Science, much less to point out the pecu- liar claims which the Study of Botany possesses on general attention. If one source of human happiness may be clearly allowed to flow from the proper em- ployment of our time, then has Paley rightly observed, that “Any engagement which is innocent is better than none—even the ee of a cucumber or a tu- +1 41 ; ym 4 lip. » But h and all in the wae pursuits of Horticulture, which sinias: fail to excercise a salu- tary effect upon the mind. The beneficent intentions of Providence are no- where more clearly to be understood than in the =~ testimonies of een i: +h and wisdom shown us by the great C fest design exhibited in the organic structures of different saat and few who employ their leisure in the delightful recreation which the culture of flowers affords, can fail of experiencing the effects which a more intimate ac- quaintance with the works of God are calculated to produce upon the minds of his intelligent creatures. But still whatever be the degree of satisfaction which naturally flows from these sources, it may always be greatly enhanced by the superaddition of some portion of scientific acquirement. However pleasing to the eye the curious structure and exquisite colouring of a flower may be,we can feel nothing of that still higher interest which flows from the possession (how- ever imperfect) of some degree of knowledge respecting the relation which each OE species bears to others in the ee scheme of nature. Infinite ity of form, and strange diiaaplextty of structure, that all should, nevertheless, be referable to a few gen- eral types, still further connected by certain simple laws regulating the arrange- ment of the subordinate parts according to fixed principles. as ii If together with a knowledge of the general structure of plants, and the me- thod of grouping them a the easels will ee some degree . of information respecting their physiol be given to the most trifling vhetations of horticnlsniie, far beyond ayes which an empirical rule, the result of practice and experience, can possibly sup- ply. He may then connect a series of well-directed experiment or observation with the commonest routine of garden culture, and may soon lay up a store of facts calculated to establish or refute many of the uncertain points in vegetable physiology. It is true that greater care and diligence are necessary for con- ducting most experiments than Florists are generally inclined to bestow, but even without entertaining any such object, a knowledge of those laws of vegeta- tion which are already well established, must necessarily increase the intellec- tual enjoyments to any one who is attached to gardening pursuits. We will venture yet further, and attempt to uphold another important claim — which our favourite pursuit possesses upon the general attention. To a mind impressed with the belief in the infinite wisdom and goodness of the Creator, Botany affords a perpetual source of the very highest description of mental gra- tification, in the never-ending proofs it unfolds of an all-pervading intelli- gence—in the numberless examples it affords of those marvellous contrivances by which means are palpably employed to secure an end—in the striking in- stances it exhibits of that universal harmony which prevails between the works of God, and of the muiual dependance in which one part of the Creation sub. sists with respect to another. These claims have long been acknowledged, and the pious and excellent Joha Ray, the father of the modern school of Botanists, in his work on the Creation, has offered convincing arguments in support of them, derived from the resources at his command more than two hundred years ago. Since his day our science has assumed a new garb—almost innumerable treasures have been pouring in upon us from every quarter of the globe, and physiological, geographical, and fossil, botany are departments of very recent birth. If he then could derive arguments in favour of Diyine Wisdom and Goodness, from a contemplation of the comparatively scanty materials in his pos- session at the period when he was running his earthly career of humility and usefulness, we ought not to be backward in avowing and proclaiming the same lesson, with our improved demonstration of its truth, now that so much deeper insight has been obtained into the general scheme of nature. Impressed with these convictions, the Conductor of the Botanist considered that a publication of the description which he has h jected, and of which iii the first volume is now completed, would not be unacceptable in the present condition of the public mind. It seemed to him that there was no work which precisely combined accurate scientific instruction, with an occasional appeal to the imagination, and to the moral and religious feelings. The manner in which he has attempted this has been chiefly by noticing such physiological phenomena as the plant under description seemed naturally to force upon the attention; for nothing is so sels to aes us with a deep sense of ee in the contrivance,as th ity of th lts obtained b its instrumentality. In the ped of life we give credit to the mechanic in pro- portion as he constructs a machine which performs its work with accuracy and precision ; and so as we extend our knowledge of the various functions of vege- tation, all of them the consequences of that mysterious vital action which is the common moving power to all machinery of organized beings, our wonder and admiration increases. As auxiliaries te his cause the Conductor has intersper- sed quotations from those poets and other authors, who have alluded to objects of Natural History in their writings. There are other Botanical periodicals of long established reputation, conducted by individuals of the highest scientific merit as Botanists, but their pages are devoted, almost exclusively, to systema- tic details, and seldom admit any reference to more general views and specula- tions. There are other works professing the same object, but of inferior?repu- tation, and to which we are unwilling to refer in terms of dispraise. The posi- tion in which we have endeavoured to place the Boranist with respect to other periodicals of the same class, is one in which it is presumed that it cannot be considered to interfere with the peculiar claims of any. As regards the execu- tion of the plates and the ee of their spre we will venture to assert o e + before the public. We hope too that ae a gk i a that the Boranisr will stand ad ison with work now less acctrate and valuable for the use of the proficient hissed, than those in -works of an exclusively scientific character, at the same time as such descrip- tions are made explicit, by translations, to the merely English reader. We have also endeavoured so to classify our miscellaneous information as to give to it uniformity of arrangement and facility of reference. Further, we claim for ourselves the peculiarity of attempting to assist the less scientific reader by the introduction of numerous wood cuts which accompany the letter-press, whereby some of the prominent features of both the natural and artificial sys- tems are continually kept under the eye of the reader, and will be rendered fa- miliar to him without application for that particular purpose. The Guipe or iv General Introduction to the Science of Botany, and the Dictionary, form sep- arate Treatises apart from the body of the work, and we trust they will contri- bute in no inconsiderable degree to its general usefulness. The Conductor most gratefully acknowledges the many obligations under which he has been already placed, by the condescension and liberality of several noble patrons, as well as by the assistance which he has received from some of the most distinguished public and private botanical establishments in Great Britain. » It would have — more — to him to have given expression to his feelings by in which he has been obliged, but to mention all would hho been Gives, and to make any selection invidi- ous. The pages of the Boranist have already borne testimony to some of the valuable assistance which has been supplied ; and he would add, in conclusion, that he is deeply sensible how greatly these marks of favour haye increased the claims on his best exertions. INDEX TO THE FIRST VOLUME OF THE BOTANIST., Systematic Name. English Name. No. Acacia pubescens, ............Pubescent Acacia, ....: 48 — ~ Anemone vitifolia, Vine-leaved Anemone, .......... 9> Aristolochia trifida, Trifid Birthwort, 3 Berberis dulcis, ..............Sweet-fruited Berberry,..........42 ~~ Brodixa grandiflora,..........Large-flowered Brodiwa, ........35 ~— Brugmansia sanguinea, ......Blood-coloured Brugmansia, ....29— Cactus speciosus, ‘ Showy brick-red Cactus, ........12 Ceanothus collinus, ..........Ceanothus of the hills, ..........16— Calochortus venustus, ........Graceful Calochortus, .,........30°— Clerodendron squamatum, ....Scaly Clerodendron, ......... +o ld — Clianthus puniceus, Crimson Clianthus, or Glory Pea, 44 ~~ Crinum Capense, Cape of Good Hope Crinum, ....39-— Cytisus laburno-purpureus, .. Ba Teghae Laburnum, ce ats Delphinium tenuissimum, ler Delphinium, = eases Dendrobium moschatum,......Musk-scented Pewvdisbian, osesssut = ~~ Dendrobium pulchellum, ......Showy Dendrobium, ............ 5 ™ Dianthus ferruginens, Rusty Pink, 2 Echeveria 10sa, cei iis towered Echeveria,....11 — Fnkianthus retclats, voedeeNeted Pnkianthts, ....ss.ccee0. 1 cuspidatus, ......Pointed-leaved Wns ae 4 Erio painter splendens, Splendid Euphorb eS ee Galphimia glauca,. iibeieieemmoes. leaved mine woo Gesnera eed socvcsseee es Drck-coloured Gesnera, (.6556..536 “— multiflora, ....-...Many-flow Gardoquia, ...... 6— Geen clongata, ......---.+ Elongated Gesners, sevcceecceeedl = Gilia coronopifolia, ..........Raven-footed Gilia, ............33 ~ Hibiscus ee eae flowered Hibiscus, — Hovea Celsi, ....e0eee0e0+0+,Cels's Hovea, Systematic Name. English Name. No. Tpomea Horsfallie, ..........Mrs. Horsfall’s Ipomea, ........31— Leontice chrysogonum,........ Golden-kneed Lion’s Leal, 230.550 = — SPECIOSUM, 60... cee ees Sones iy; 45-—~ ——— }
the upper surface, “ petala subtus rufa, intus flavescentes ;” and in the
present variety they show a decided tendency to become rusty purple
on the outside. But there is great uncertainty in discriminating the
species of Dianthus, and Sir James Smith, in the second volume of
the Linnean Transactions, when endeavouring to unravel their syno-
nymes, has described his attempt as having led him into the most inex-
tricable botanical labyrinth he ever entered. The cause of this con-
fusion we feel persuaded must have arisen from the unnecessary
multiplication of species in a genus where it has been so long known
that some of them at least are subject to great variation. From such
a consideration we think there may be sufficient grounds for supposing
that such closely allied forms as those of Dianthus carthusianorum,
capitatus, and ferrugineus, (and one or two more that might be men-
tioned) will ultimately prove to be only varieties of one species, as they
were originally considered by Linneus. The proportionate length of
the bracteal scales to the calyx, and of the pair of involucral leaves to
the head of flowers, are inconstant on the same plant, and consequently
very unsatisfactory marks of distinction; and we consider the greater
or less degree of compactness in the heads of flowers of still less value.
Willdenow’s character of the petals of ferrugineus being bifid, with the
laciniz three-toothed, cannot be trusted, and might well be suspected
in a genus where the laciniation of the petals of one species, Dianthus
caryophyllus, are so well known to sport to a very great extent. The
upper surface of the petals of Dianthus carthusianorum are more or
less villose, whilst those of Dianthus capitatus have been described as
smooth ; although in —— of the latter from Georgia, distributed
by the Unio Itineraria, there is a distinct villosity apparent, and in
our present plant also these si are covered with short glandular
pubescence.
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. This Sepast novelty
was exhibited last August (1836) at Bristol, to the botanical section
of the British Association, by H. F. Talbot, Esq. of Laycock Abbey,
Chippenham. This gentleman stated that he had received the seed
from which the plant was raised a few years back from Italy. He
had found it to be perfectly hardy, and to flower very freely in the
open border. Italy and other parts of the south of Europe are prolific
in respect to this genus, which occasioned Shaw’s allusion in the
following lines.
“Tn fair Italia’s bosom born,
Dianthus spreads his fringed ray ;
And glowing ‘mid the purpled morn,
. Adds fragrance to the new-born day.
Oft by some mould’ring cranial tower,
Or classic stream, he loves to
Where dancing nymphs, and “Sea blithe,
Once listen’d to the notes of love.
Sweet flower, beneath thy natal sky
No fav’ring smiles thy scents invite ;
To Britain’s worthier regions fly,
And paint her meadows with ailgik. .
It should be remembered that perfumes are held in aversion by the
Italians, which circumstance has drawn from the author the above
forcible remark.
The Dianthus has been so universal a favourite in our gardens, and
so many beautiful varieties have originated under the hand of the
florist, that the difficulty of determining species will not occasion sur-
prise. Phillips, in his Flora Historica, has justly said, “ England, as
well as Spain, France, Germany, and most other temperate and warm
climates, possess a native Pink, but to state how many of them have
been changed by cultivation, and from which each peculiar variety first
sprang, would be as arduous a task as to attempt to define the pa-
rentage of each peculiar apple, which, like the Pink, owes its excel-
lence and variety to the labours of the cultivator. And the Pink, like
the apple, continues to demand the attention of man to preserve it from
degenerating into its original insignificance ; for although the hand of
the gardener can double and triple the petals of the Pink, he cannot
render their beauties permanent, for nature seems to have allowed her
works to bear a temporary improvement only, in order to create indus-
trious habits in man, her most noble and finished work.”
DERIVATION OF THE NAMES.
aradpendeiine Atos, DIOB; Giving; Av@os, AWEROS; a weiss ; th
long
the beauty ie , edpecially
those varieties of the Dianthus eke Ses termed carnations, picotees, and
common pinks. FErrrucinevs, from the rusty purple colour of the ordinary
variety. Su.rpHurevs, from the sulphur-yellow colour of the variety here
figured,
SyNONYMEs.
Diantuus Ferrucrnevs is the only name 7% the species has borne since’
it was first given by Linneus in his Mantissa, 56.
MM” Withers, del.
hos Psion it se PP ote \
ia
007
EUPHORBIA SPLENDENS,
SPLENDID EUPHORBIA.
oR DYCOTYLEDONER.
gece ~eetrgay
this Pat a ht
NATURAL ORDER, EUPHORBIACEA,
oe 7 a Artificial divisions sea os ;
to which YNTA,
baccaghese. this Plant belongs on rehbaion 2
No. 23.
GENUS. Evpnorsia. Luyyevs. Invotucrum andr 4.5 fiom,
NUS.
extus appendiculis glandulosis, eax Linnei, Necrarra Mich} Punt.
PHERICI pedicelli incerti numeri, singuli cum singulis staminibus articulati.
GErMey pedicellatum, centrale. Sry113,2-fidi. Capsuta3-cocca. SPRENGEL.
Species Plantarum, Vol. III, p. 758.
SPECIES. Evpnorsia Sprenpens. Boser. Froticosa, aculeis validi
hnumerosissimis, foliis oblongo- spathulatis mucronatis, bracteis sitcottealatie
mucronatis basi he concavis, iny volucrum includente, filamentis farcatis.
Hooxer. Botanical Magazine, folio 2902.
CHARACTER OF THE dene Evpnorsia. Invotucre androgynous,
4-5 cleft, externally furnished with glandular appendages, (called Pr-
TALS by Linneus, NecTaries by other authors.) Those pedicels
which are arranged around the central one, are variable in number,
each bearing a single stamen, with which it is articulated. Ovary
pedicellate, central. Sryzes 3, each 2-cleft. Capsune formed of
three cocci. ,
DEscripTION OF THE Species, EvpHorsia SpLenpens. STEM
shrubby, branched, both branches and stem beset with strong, straight
thorns, pointing in various directions, of a dark colour when old, of a
purple hue towards the top of the branches. Leaves alternate, atte-
nuate at the base, spathulate-oblong, mucronate at the tip, somewhat
fleshy, midrib raised, and extending from the base to the top of the
leaf, the veins more parallel than is usual in the leaves of exogenous
plants, bright green, except when old, then assuming a red or purplish
hue, glabrous on both surfaces. PrpuNc.iEs axillary, jointed in the
middle, having at the joint two small bracts, above which they are
twice dichotomously divided, at each division furnished with two small
bracts; higher still are two large bracts, rose-coloured above, pale
pink below, roundish, spreading, united at the base, where they are
cup-shaped and greenish. In the hollow formed by their union is the
involucre, consisting of a single piece, cup-shaped, greenish at the
base, with five reddish yellow, fleshy, erect or slightly spreading,
rounded lobes, alternately with which are five small, red, fleshy lobes
or glands, curved downwards and inwards. STAMINIFEROUS FLOWERS
numerous, several of them abortive and mixed with numerous hairs.
Pepicex green, but filament with which it is articulated red, forked,
each fork bearing a one-celled anther, of a dark purple colour. Pis-
TILLIFEROUS FLowers formed each of a solitary pistil surrounded by
the stamens. PrpiceL very short. Ovary3-lobed. Styx 3-parted
or rather one style springing from each coccus, adhering to the others
to nearly the middle, then distinct, each style bifid. Stremas capi-
tate. Fruit consisting ‘of three cocci, each containing one cell, and
one seed. SEED oblong, blunt at each end, glabrous
PopuLar AND GeorapHicaL Notice. This very showy species was
discovered by Professor Bojer, along the borders of fields in the pro-
vince of Emirne,in Madagascar. Its native name is Soongo Soongo.
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. It was introduced into
this country by the Horticultural Society about 1827; and to this
establishment our thanks are due for permission to make the present
delineation of the plant, which has been so beautifully executed by
Mrs, Withers. It grows from three to four feet high, and requires to be
kept in the stove, where it continues a conspicuous ornament for two
or three months ; producing flowers, more or less, from Midsummer to
Michaelmas. Cuttings strike root readily under a hand-glass.
DertvaTIon OF THE NaMEs.
Evrxorsia is an altered termination of the EvgopByv of Dioscorides, so
called after Euphorbus, A to Juba, king of Mauritania, who made known
the properties of some species of this genus, all of which have a milky juice
the inhabitants of the Canary Islands drink ~ of the et Canariensis,
being careful first to strip off the skin or |
chiefly to reside. SrirenpEns, splendid.
SynonymeEs.
Evrsorsia Sprenpens. Hooker in Botanical Magazine, folio 2902.
‘
AMités. Agl-
SYRINGA JOSIK AVA.
LADY JOSIKA’S LILAC.
EXOGENE, DICOTYLEDONES.
Natural division
to which
this Plant belongs
NATURAL ORDER, OLEACEZ.
cram, a spr “tin DIANDRIA,
ie MONOGYNIA,
Deciwpérin: this Plast’ a OF LINNEUS.
Syrinca. Liyvevs. Caryx breve 4-dentatus. Corona sub-
um. Capsvia
longitudinaliter secedente utrinque in valvula persistente. Semin oblonga
deplana circum alata. Rzrcxeneacr. Flora Germanica Excursoria, Vol. I,
p. 432.
SPECIES. SyrgineaJosma@a. Jacauvin, rizivs. Forts ovali-acuminatis
discoloribus, supra lucidis, subtus albidis, rugosis utrinque glabris, ciliatis.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, Syrinea. Catyx short, four-toothed.
Corotta somewhat salver-shaped, the limb consisting of four
concave pieces. Stiama two-cleft. CAPSULE ovate-comy
acuminate, two-celled, splitting by a loculicidal dehiscence i
valves, the dissepiment splitting down the middle, and one_
adhering to each valve. SxEps oblong, depressed in the ¢
rounded with a wing. .
_DEscripTION OF THE SPECIES, Syrinca Josik@a,
shrub, branches spreading, very slightly warted, twigs purple.
_ Leaves (about three inches long, one and a quarter inches broad)
elliptico-lanceolate, attenuated at both extremities, shining and lucid
above, white and veined below, wrinkled, glabrous on both sides, cili-
ated. PAaNicLeE ast, ‘erect. Catyx, as well as the pedicels, pedun-
cles, rachis, petio 7 hes, closely covered
with short glandu ubescence ; four-toothed, teeth blunt, and much
shorter than the tube. Coroxza half an inch long, clavate, funnel-
shaped, deep blue, glabrous, wrinkled, tube slightly compressed ; limb
erect, four-parted, segments involute at their edges. Stamens ad-
An erect
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONs.
1, The corolla opened to show the attachment of the anthers. 2, The germen and style. Each
part magnified.
hering to about the middle of the tube. ANTHERS incumbent, oblong,
yellow. Pistm much shorter than the tube. Sriemata large, co-
hering. Stvte filiform, saps Ovary green, glabrous, two-celled.
Ovutes 4.
PoputaR anp GeocrapHicaL Notice. This recent addition to
our shrubberies has the recommendation of flowering later than the
old species, to which it bears considerable resemblance. Itisa smaller
shrub, the flowers of a much deeper blue, and with only a faint odour.
The tube is longer than in the common species. The leaves greatly
resemble those of the Populus balsamifera, or sweet-scented poplar.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CULTURE. It isa native of Tran-
sylvania, growing in stony places on the territory of the Countess
Rosalie Josika, in the county of Clausenburg, in Siebenbirgen : it was
first made known to botanists at the meeting of naturalists at Ham-
burg, on the 20th of September, 1830, by the younger Jacquin. A
plant of it was forwarded by the Messrs. Booth of Flotbeck, near
Hamburg, to the Edinburgh Botanic Garden in October, 1832, where
it flowered the following year. Our drawing was taken from a small
specimen which flowered in the greenhouse of J. T. Jarrett, Esq. of
_ Camerton House, in June last, and which it is probable was not so
deep in colour as if it had been grown in the open air, nor the panicles
of flowers quite so dense. It is quite hardy, requiring no peculiarity
of management.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMES.
Syrinca. An Arcadian nymph was fabled to have been changed into a reed
or pipe, Zupry, syrivx. The name has been applied to this genus, from the
use the Turks make of its ‘ebalar Gi branches. Josix#a, in honour of the Countess
Josika, on whose property it was first observed.
Sone.
Syrinca Jostxaa. Jac 399,
acquin erp Zeitung, 1831, t. 67, p-
Reichenbach, Plantz Critiew, viii, i slats 104 Reichenbach, Flora Germanica
Excursoria, Vol. I, p. 432, Botanical M ar
: ear pl. 3278, Graham in
son's Edinburgh Journal, Vol. XV, p. 385. Botanical Register, pl. 1733.
j
VOALAEL
4)
Qustted.
~~
OX’ALIS— BOWTEI.
BOWIE’S OXALIS.
EXOGENA, DICOTYLEDONEA.
, Na ai —
this prone a
NATURAL ORDER, OXALIDACEA,
THALAMIFLORZ, eer divisions DECANDRIA,
OF & tani o which i} PENTAGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE. this el belongs OF LINNEUS.
GENUS. Oxatts. Livvevs. Catyx'5-sepalus, sepalis liberis aut basi
coalitis, Prtara5. Sramrna 10, filamentis basi breviter pie a 5 ex-
ternis alternis brevioribus. Sryui 5, apice penicilliformes 98 Cap-
SULA pentagona oblonga aut cylindracea. DEcanDOLLE. Proi romus Systematis
Universalis Regni Vegetabilis, Vol. I, p. 690
SPECIES. Oxauis Bowrer. Herperr. Rapice bulbos4, foliis ternatis,
petiolo viridi sexunciali, foliolis magnis, rotundaté obverseque cordatis, viridi-
bus, medio biunciali majore, scapo petiolis longiore viridi , dein sub-
utan
erecto, umbella circiter 12-flora, bracteis minutis rubescentibus, pedunculis 1-3
floris 1k uncialibus ex viridi rubescentibus curvatis, sub- erectis, dein recte de-
vexis, calycis foliolis oblongis, acutis, rubro marginatis, corolle tubo luteo,
limbo saturaté roseo, expansione 1}-unciali; staminibus tubo en stig-
matibus provectioribus, quinque cern Farge oe planta to ianthio
sEBepibo) minutissimé pubese cente. Her Botanical oalatic folio 1585.
Cuaracter or THE Genus, OxaLts. Caxyx of five sepals, which
are either free, or united at the base. PETALS 5. Stamens 10, the
filaments being slightly united at the base into a monadelphous tube,
the five external stamens shorter than the internal ones, with which
they alternate. Sryes 5, either brush-like at the top, or capitate.
Capsute five-cornered, oblong, or cylindrical.
DescrirTion or THE Species, OxaLis BowIEl. Root bulbous,
from which spring both leaves and flower-stalks, there being sa obvious
stem. Leaves ternate, petioles green, about six inches in length.
Fouioes, or LEAFLETS, sessile, large, 70 roundly and obversely cordate,
green, the central leaflet larger, nearly two inches, the two lateral ones
smaller. Scape, or FLOWER-STALK (of which frequently twelve or
more spring up nearly simultaneously, with a succession of younger
REFERENCE TO THE DissECTIONS.
i I b und the pistils, the outer row
ats Petals laid open. 2, Stamens, forming 4 mo ip Signs cere rp ;
3, Stamens laid open, showing the outer alternate ones shorter. 4
7
a
ones) longer than the petioles, green, nodding, afterwards erect, termi-
nating in an umbel of about twelve flowers, surrounded at. the point
of division by minute red bracts, the peduncles 1-3-flowered, of a
greenish red colour, curved or suberect, but as the flower expands be-
coming straight. FLowers a beautiful rose-colour. CALycing SEG-
MENTS oblong, acute, red at the margin. Tuse oF THE COROLLA
yellow, limb red, flower measuring, wh fully expanded, about one
and three quarters of an inch across. Stamens shorter than the tube,
exceeding the stigmas in length, the five internal ones longer than the
external. The whole plant, except the flower, clothed with a minute
pubescence.
Poputar anD GeograpuicaL Notice. Though the species of
Oxalis are to be found in nearly all regions of the earth (the coldest
excepted), yet the majority of those known are natives of the Cape of
Good Hope, where the present species was found. It is difficult to ima-
gine any one of the numerous species which could surpass this ; certainly
none equal it either in the size of the leaves, or the size and number
of its flowers, reckoning the whole which it produces during the flow-
ering season. The flowers before their expansion are scarcely less
beautiful than when quite expanded, so elegantly are their spirally
twisted petals arranged. Every part of the plant is worthy of obser-
vation. The leaves are compound and jointed, which permits con-
siderable power of motion; and hence when not stimulated by the
light, the leaflets, towards evening, begin to recline, and form a sort of
cone, of which the summit of the petiole is the apex, as may be seen
in leaves of the Oxalis acetosella, or common wood-sorrel. The
flowers are also very sensible to light, and only expand thoroughly
when the strong clear sun-shine falls upon them. But they may be
caused to open by the light of a lamp thrown upon them in a concen-
trated form, by means of a lens, as was done by Monsieur Boryde St.
Vincent, (Annales de Physique, Tome I, p. 112) and so cheated out
of their sleep. The term sleep of plants may excite surprise, but
many plants exhibit phenomena analogous to the sleep of animals.
Linneus wrote an interesting dissertation on the sleep of plants (De
Somno Plantarum, Amenitates Academice, Vol. IV, p. 333); and
though it occurs to a greater or less extent in all plants, yet it is chiefly
applied to those plants in which it is most perceptible, such as the
Oxalis, and other members of the tribe Oxalidacee, and those of the
Leguminose especially, the Robinia Pseudo-acacia, and the Mimosa
pudica, and Mimosa sensitiva. For an exposition of the causes, and
accompanying circumstances of the waking and sleeping of animals,
see Virey, Philosophie de l’Histoire Naturelle, p- 3165.
This species, like all the others, contains oxalic acid in the state of
a binoxalate of potass, which makes the leaves a grateful refreshing
vegetable, in the warmer climates of the world; but the excessive use
of which, for any considerable time, produces serious ill effects. It
has been supposed that the gradual formation of vegetable acids and
alkalis in plants, is the cause of that change of colour which certain
parts are observed to undergo. Thus the corollas of Echium vulgare
and Symphytum officinale are red in the bud, but become blue after-
wards ; that of Myosotis versicolor is first yellow, then blue. A pleasing
experiment may be performed by placing a bunch of flowers under a
a glass jar and burning a match among them, when the sulphuric acid
evolved, immediately alters their colours. So also any infusion of ve~
getable blue, as that obtained by soaking the corolla of the Violet,
Cornflower, Iris, &c. turns red by the application of an acid, and green
by an alkali, (see Maund’s Botanic Garden, p. 146.) Hence it has
been supposed, that the gradual change which takes place in the co-
lour of the leaf in autumn may be accounted for ona similar principle.
Another hypothesis supposes the minute globular particles, (or globu-
line) contained in the cellular tissue to assume different tints of
colour, according as it is united with different proportions of oxygen;
somewhat in the way that the differently coloured oxides of iron are
formed. It has been observed also, that the plant retains a larger
portion of the oxygen inhaled by the leaf, as the season adyances;
and a change of hue ensues. We are thus deprived slowly of the
yerdure of spring and summer, while the variety of hues, which form
the intermediate stages before the woods become universally
——— russet clad,
. The livery of the adie year,”
are as pleasing to the eye of the painter or the poet, as the tender
green of spring, or rich effulgence of summer; furnishing many a
touching memento of our own transitory state, thus yielding illustra-
tions alike to the moralist and divine, when pointing our regards to
another world, “the fashion of which fadeth not away.’
“ A deep and crimson streak
“ ’*Mid ruin, blooms the rose,
Thy scene each vision brings
Of beauty in decay ; /
Of fair and early faded things,
Too exquisite to stay.”
Marco.
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. This species was
received, in the year 1823, from Mr. Bowie, by the Hon, and Rev.
William Herbert, of Spofforth, near Harrowgate, so justly celebrated
for his cultivation of bulbous plants, and author of a work just pub-
lished, entitled, “ Illustrations of the Amaryllidacez.”
In regard to its culture, Mr. Herbert states, “This most beautiful
and florid plant is hardy, and in the open ground will flower in the
autumn; but it blossoms most profusely when kept in a pot under
glass, especially if, after a short period of rest at Midsummer, it is
placed in a stove or warm greenhouse for a very short time to make it
start freely. Its flowers expand in a very moderate temperature.”
We must not omit to mention, that although we have observed the
Oxalis Bowiei live and increase in the open ground, it has never
flowered well in such exposure ; and we presume that it is under very
favourable circumstances only that it will do so. It grows very freely
in light sandy loam, either with or without the addition of peat.
Derivatron or tHE Names.
Oxatis, from Ofue, oxys, so alluding to the acid taste of the plants of on
genus. Bowter, in compliment to Mr. Bowie, who discovered, and sen
Europe, many plants at the Cape of Good Hope.
SyNnonyMEs.
Oxauis Bowrer. Herbert in Botanical Register, folio 1585.
lL cicleve pre cles re ee
~
itiss Taylor, del.
ONCIDIUM CRISPUM.
CRISPED-FLOWERED ONCIDIUM.
ENDOGENZE, . OR MONOCOTYLEDONEZE
_ Natural division
i to which eva tS
this Plant belongs
NATURAL ORDER, ORCHIDACE,
GYNANDROS&, Artificial divisions GYNANDRIA,
: OF to which He MONANDRIA,
LINDLEY. , this Plant belongs OF LINNEUS,
a oe .
. No, 26.
: GENUS. Owncrpium. Swarrz. PeriantHrum explanatum. Separa
rmi
maximum, ecalearatum, cum columna continuum, varié lobatum,
basi tubereulatum vel cristatum. Conumna libera.
alata. AnTHERA semibilocularis, rostello nune abbreviato, nunc elongato
trato. Porzria duo, postic® sulcata, caudicula plana, glandula oblonga.
LInDLeyY.
SPECIES. Oncrprum crispum. Loppiczs. Psrvpo-svuxsis oblongis sulca-
tis rugosis diphyllis, foliis lanceolatis coriaceis acutis, scapo simplici multifloro,
sepali is undulatis obtusis, lateralib iconnatis: petalis duplo ma-
joribus oblongis undulatis unguiculatis, labelli lobis lateralibus cornuformibus
recurvis nanis intermedio maximo unguiculato subrotundo-cordato undulato,
crista duplici serie deltoidea dentata, columnz alis rotundatis denticulatis car-
nosis. Livpzey. Genera and Species of Orchideous Plants, p. 197.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, ONCIDIUM. “‘PERIANTH spread out.
Separs often wavy; the lateral ones sometimes connate under the lip.
PETALS uniform with the sepals. Lip very large, without a spur, con-
tinuous with the column, variously lobed, tuberculated or crested at the
base. Coxiumn free, semi-cylindrical, apex winged on both sides.
AnTHER nearly two-celled, the rostellum sometimes very short, at
other times greatly elongated. POLLEN-MASSES two, furrowed behind,
the caudicula flat, the gland oblong.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, ONCIDIUM CRISPUM. PsEvpo-
puss oblong, furrowed, rugose, bearing at the summit two leaves,
which are lanceolate, coriaceous, acute, 6-7 inches long, marked with
purple at the base. Scare springing from the base of the bulb, about
two feet long, bearing here and there subulate leaves, vaginating, and
sometimes connate. INFLORESCENCE racemose, raceme spreading,
flowers large, numerous, sometimes 50-60, about three inches across,
brownish. SEPaLs recurved, undulating, obtuse, the lateral ones half
united, greenish, spotted. PETALS twice as large, oblong, undulating,
Rag i
unguiculate, margin much crisped, obtuse, of a rich brown on the
upper surface, marked with dark lines, red towards the claw, which is
yellow. Lasenium, or Lie, greatly contracted towards the base, the
lateral lobes horn-shaped, recurved, small, the central lobe large,
roundedly cordate or emarginate, waved or crisped. Crest deltoid-
shaped, beset with a double row of teeth, yellowish at the base, red
towards the summit. Wines or THE CoLumN rounded, toothed,
fleshy. ANTHER-CASE ovate, acuminate, but truncated at the top.
Po.xeN-massés oval, yellow, on a long, broad, white stalk, furnished
with an ovate, brown gland at its base.
Popviar anp Grograpuicat Notice. This interesting species
of Oncidium was found growing among the Organ Mountains of Bra-
zil, on the dead trunks of trees. While in northern climes the barks
of trees are clothed with common mosses and lichens, the stems of
trees in tropical forests exhibit, in astonishing profusion, the richest
and most superb vegetation: the most singular and elegant orchi-
deous plants spring from the clefts and chinks of the bark; and
around the stem itself the Pothoses twine, and push forth their white
and shining flowers from between their beautiful and bright green
leaves. Gazing on such scenes we might be tempted to consider them
paradisaical, were it not for the knowledge, sometimes purchased at a
fatal price, that “latet anguis in herba,’—amidst the grass on which
we tread, the serpent with its poison-fangs, lurks for its prey.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuttTure. The lovers of orchi-
deous plants are indebted for the introduction of this elegant plant to
the zeal and enterprise of the Messrs. Loddiges of Hackney. The
specimen from which our drawing was taken flowered in October,
1836, in the handsome collection of William Taylor Copeland, Esq.
M. P. at Leyton, Essex. It grows well in a pot filled with drainers
and sandy peat, on a stand in the stove. It should have a hot moist
atmosphere whilst in vigorous growth.
DeERivaTION OF THE NAaMEs.
, Oncipi10m, bears a reference to two prominences on the
- of Ne bak dactihed species, the Oncidium altissimum of Swartz. Crispv M,
des to the crisped margin of the petals of this species.
SynonrMmes,
CRISP mM. tag bea sis oomgeg Cabinet, 1854, y :
Oxcip1um U Lindle *s Genera
Bs
Matis, del.
g
ieee ene
begneita: ebovigaka”
4 - << f “ ae
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONs.
1, = by losed,
» by the removal of the cal 5 he ggg 2, Petals di by th
removal of the calyx. 3, Pi Z ne og
similarity of its flowers to that of several species of Fuschia, which has
led some botanists to insist upon an affinity between the Currant tribe
and Evening-primrose tribe, to which the genus Fuschia belongs. The
closeness of this affinity is questioned by others, (see Lindley’s Natu-
ral System of Botany, 2nd Ed. p. 240.) The genus Ribes cannot be
confounded with the genus Fuschia, as the flower of the former has 5 sta-
mens, of the latter 8. This species is a native of the West coast of North
America, in North California and Montery ; apparently also of Mexico.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. This species was first
raised in England from seeds sent by Mr. Collie, at Montery, in 1828,
to the garden of that zealous patron of botany and horticulture, A. B.
Lambert, Esq. of Boynton House, Wiltshire, where it flowered in 1831.
Our drawing was made at the Nursery of the Messrs. Pope of Hands-
worth, from a standard plant in the open ground, where its gracefully
pendent branches, decked with innumerable flowers, as with glittering
rubies, shone brilliantly in the sunny rays of May and June. It iscer-
tainly one amongst the most showy of small flowering shrubs, and is
admirably adapted for training against a wall or trellis, where it will
attain the height of six or eight feet. Although of deciduous charac-
ter, it has in some degree the advantage of an evergreen, on account of
the perpetual growth of small leaves from almost every bud along its
slender branches, which afterwards contrast prettily with its crim-
son flowers. Nor is the growth of these suspended even in winter, but
by their continual expansion gladden and refresh our eyes with the
pleasing verdure of Spring, in the midst of the wintry chills of Decem-
ber and January. It is very readily propagated by cuttings. We do
not know whether any culinary use can be made of the berries, which
may possibly ripen well in the more southern parts of this country.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMEs.
wie Lo: bee |
Ribes is of A gin, g pplied to a species of rhubarb, now
known under the name Rheum Ribes (Linnenus,) but which Tragus thought was
applied to a species of gooseberry. Specicsum shewy, from its attractive ap-
pearance.
SyNONYMES.
Rises srecrosem. Pursh. Flora Americana Septentrionalis Vol. I, ap-
pendix, p.731. D.Don in Sweet's British Flower Garden, t. 149. Decandolle.
Prodromus Systematis Universalis Regni vegetabilis, pars III, p. 478.
Sprengel Systema Vegetabilium, Vol. I. p,812. Botanical Register, Vol. 18,
t. 1557. Botanic agazine, 3530. _
Rises stamineuM. Smith in Ree’s Cyclopedia, under Ribes.
Rises ruscuromes. Berlandier Memoires de la Societe physi
Vol. IM, part 2, p. 43. eee
As Cenerve
Mills. det.
oe rs te
bavere pee Confers i
‘nt
3 CRI'NUM CAPEN’SE.
CAPE OF GOOD HOPE CRINUM.
ENDOGENZ, MONOCOTYLEDONE.
gaznas eleora
this Plast st
NATURAL ORDER, AMARYLLIDACEZ.
EPIG3NOss, {me ‘on
to which
morpexsen’”
wuiey, his Plant at OF LINNEUS.
No. 39.
US. Crinum. Linnevs. Groen medio crassius; tubus = te
es gracilior ; filamenta vix soseighs tabum pariter inserta Fecurvars, 6x1 there
incumbentes ; dissepimenti ; sem
ina difforaia, (Folia basi tubulosa) Herperr Amaryllidacea. p, 78.
SPECIES. Crinum Capense. HERBERT. ioral hartge yes re mar-
gine seahris loriformibus, pedicellis brevissimis, tubo ¢ elongato, limbo
garni
f
1
iy
\
a
ie
Se
ore,
_
+9
SPRENGEL eal Plantarain
IL p. 52.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, CriINuM. GERMEN thickest in the
middle. Tuse cylindrical, more slender than the germen. FrLamenrs
inserted just outside the tube, more or less recurved. ANTHERS incum-
bent. Stiama 3-cornered or trifid. Capsu e soft, deformed, without
valves or furrows. DissepiMeNTs obsolete. Steps very irregular in
form, size, and number. (Leaves properly tubular at the base.)
DESCRIPTION OF THE : Species, Crinum Carense. Stem bulbous,
external | , broad and convolute at the base,
thong-like, lanceolate, rough at thes margins, laxly reclined at the up-
per part, glaucous on both surfaces. Supertor Leaves upright,chan-
nelled their whole length, very narrow. Scape about two feet long,
straight, roundish or slightly compressed. Umsex few or many-flow-
ered. Sparuatwo-leaved,lanceolate. Pepicensshort. Ovary glo-
bose elliptical, devoid of furrows, smooth. PERIANTH white, segments
tinged with red on the outside. Tose angular or roundish furrowed,
twice as short as the limb, recurvedly funnel-shaped, segments ellipti-
co-lanceolate, with a short claw; inner segments broadest. FiLaMENTs
of the stamens at first dependant but near the middle reflexed and as-
cending, unequal in length. SryLe as long as the segments of the
REFERENCE TO THE DissECTIONS.
2. +, 5 tra Z. 2% 41,
10 tt nsversely, sk
Bn, a? 5
perianth. Sriama small, orbiculate, open, slightly hairy. SEEDS
from 20 to 50.
Popu.ar aNp GEOGRAPHICAL Notice. The genus Crinum, which,
in the recent revision of the tribe of Amaryllidacee, by Mr. Herbert,
is stated to consist of about 46 known species, is spread round the
whole belt of the globe, within the tropics, and within a certain dis-
tance from them, p. 348: many are found in the East and West Indies,
while a considerable peaks. are naliye of bee Cape of Good Hope, of
whose botany bull tic feat The species
of the genus Crinum a not possess in any great degree the acrid or
poisonous properties of the tribe to which it belongs; nevertheless Cri-
num Asiaticum is eras to dogs, and coe ee may be sub-
stituted for the Scilla mariti properties.
Co
The species of this genus lend PETES with more or less facility
to the formation of hybrids, many of which are more shewy, and at
the same time more hardy, than the natural species. Respecting those
already procured, or which are likely to be procured, much interesting
information may be found in the late publication of the Hon. and Rev.
W. Herbert, who has paid great attention to this subject for many years.
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. This plant must have
been introduced into this country about the middle of the last century.
We have been anxious to introduce this Crinum and some other Ama-
ryllidacez, to our readers, on account of their beauty and the very
little care which they require at the hand of the cultivator. The ori-
ginal of our present engraving was produced by a plant which was
presented to us at least seven years ago, and has lived through all vi-
cissitudes, under neglect, and we may add, ingratitude, still flowering,
and still healthy. It reminds us of humility, as described by a female
writer. “It endures every thing, and its endurance is silent. It ne-
ver thinks itself worthy of a recompense, therefore it asks for none.”
—_ is an — sear 2 in mare plants, for it must be confes-
than their good qualities can ever
repay. During winter our plant has never had further indulgence
than the shelter of a cold frame, or a shed, and not always so much as
this. In summer it has generally been placed beside a small foun-
tain, where the pot which contains it, usually stands in water, an inch
deep. During one summer the pot and plant was entirely submersed
in water; and even then, it flowered, but not luxuriantly. In addition
to our own experience, we shal] give that of Mr. Herbert, who says,
“It is a very hardy species, endures the winter, and flowers in
profuse succession during 5 or 6 months, in a bed covered with leaves,
and with me it ripens seed by the bushel. It delights in wet, and
will flower in a pond, but its fibres are rather disposed to rot in the
water of a cold pond in the winter. In a warm situation it may
remain always in water. Ido not know that its fibres would rot if it
was growing in the soil under the pond. It might be advantageously
placed by the edge of any ornamental piece of water, and would form
a beautiful clothing for a small island, where it would afford thick co-
vert for water fowl. Nursery gardeners might easily rear it from seed
to sell by the hundred. A covering of leaves is not necessary to it,
and its own dead foliage would give it a good deal of protection. I
have had the neck of a bulb, which was left in a pot standing in a small
pond, clasped tight by ice two inches thick for a fortnight, without
its receiving any injury.” Amaryllidacee, 270. “The seed of the
tropical species of Crinum will often lie for a very long time without
vegetating. It may be made to grow immediately, by cutting off
carefully, a portion of the fleshy mass, so as to expose the point of the
embryo, after which the seed should be set edgeways in a small pot of
earth, just covering the radicle. The operation requires however a
cautious hand; for if the point is cut by the knife, the vitality of the
seed is destroyed, and its direction is uncertain, though more likely to
bend towards the hilum or scar than elsewhere. Small bits of the flesh
should therefore be pulled off with the point of a knife rather than cut,
till the embryo is discovered.” Ibid, p. 402. “All the hybrid Crinums
raised between Capense and tropical species, which are now very nu-
merous, are hardy enough to stand out of doors against the front wall
of a stove ; where, if a mat is thrown over them in sharp frosts, they
preserve much of their leaves through the winter, and from May to
November continue throwing up a succession of flower-stems in great
perfection. Crinum scabro-Capense bears the most beautiful flower ;
Crinum pedunculato-Capense is of the largest stature.” Ibid, p. 356.
Fivep Borpvers. “The vigour with which mules of the genus Cri-
num, and many other plants, grew out of doors against the front wall
of a stove, persuades me that a great variety of plants might with a
little care be cultivated better in the open ground than under glass, if
the border in which they are to grow were flued under ground, and a
tarpauling, or any water-proof covering, placed over them at the time
when it might be requisite to exclude either rain or cold. The cover-
ing might hang on the two sides of a strong longitudinal pole, like the
two slopes of a roof, and be made to roll up either with or without a
spring. There are many plants which seem to enjoy a cool atmos-
phere, but will not flower or thrive vigourously without the stimulus
of heated earth at the root. Having chosen a situation where a fur-
nace and boiler could be placed under ground, I would carry the
smoke-flue as far as its heat would extend on one side, and hot-water
or steam-pipes in a different direction, as might be found convenient,
enclosed in a stone or brick flue, to as great a length as its influence
might reach. In such a border I believe the genus Hedychium and
many others, would flower perfectly, with the assistance of fire in
summer, requiring nothing in winter but a covering to throw off the
wet; and the heat might be turned into other pipes for the advantage
of plants which might require the warmth in winter rather than in
summer. If in front of a wall, a moveable verandah, which might be
either ornamental or made of thatched hurdles or hurdle-gates, would
throw off the wet, which is the principal cause of injury in winter; for
many plants will endure the access of severe frost to the head, if all
wet can be effectually excluded from the base of the stem and from the
root by any sloped heading. Under such a verandah, with occasional
heat to the flue, during the early summer,and perhaps in severe frost,
Amaryllis, Brunsvigia, Buphane, Nerine, Hemanthus, and all the al-
lied genera of African bulbs, as well as the South Americans, would
certainly succeed better than with any other treatment.” HERBERT, p.
402
DERIVATION OF THE Nam
CRINUM kpwwoy KRINON, the Greek for a ye og a barbarous word
intended as Latin for the Cape of Good Hope
SynonyMEs.
seat eet eee Miller’s Gardener's eear en No.7. Willdenow
Species Plantarum, II, p. 55. Botanical Register, fo
Sehnicon LONGIFOLIA. Hortus Kewensis, 1, p. —_
AMARYLLIS REVOLUTEA. Botanical Mavazine, 1178.
Wile Tayler dl,
HOVE'A CEL'SI.
CELS’S HOVEA.
EXOGENE, ; OR " DICOTYLEDONEX.
#
ty division re ?
(EE. QD —-W
this Plant belongs )
DIADELPHIA,
DECANDRIA,
OF LINNEUS.
GENUS. Hoves. Rorerr Brown. Catyx bilabiatus, labio ba
semibifido lato Tetuso, inferiore tripartito. Carina obtusa. Stamina omnia
LrecuMEeN sessile, satinaiantied,
ventricosum, dispermum. Semrna stro : ga Decan
CALYCIFLORE, —— divisions
OF 0 which
DECANDOLLE. _this Plant belongs |
No. 40.
e
SPECIES. Hovea Crist. Bowrzanp, Fou is subrhombeis
obtusiusculis mucronatis. PEepo a multifloris, ramis calyce
bracteisque pilosiusculis. Dzcan
CHARACTER pe THE Genus, Hovea. Catryx two-lipped, upper
lip semibifid, bro: sad, retuse slower lip three parted. KreLobtuse. Sta-
MENS all united into a monadelphous tube, or the tenth stamen more
or less detached at the upper part. LEGUMEA, or pod sessile, roundish,
swelling, two-seeded. Srxeps strophiolated. * > aia ——
ova ¢ Crist. An. upright shrub,
ches about the middle of the stem,
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES,
about 4 feet high, dividing into bra
LEAVES scattered, spreading, stf, tiola 2» liptico-lanceolate, reticu-
lately veined, mucronate, villo ; more prominent nerves
than the upper surface. Paiyacted aaillaty, ” ‘solitary, longer than the
petioles, racemose, bearing from 3-5 flowers with 2 small adpressed
bracts at the base of one ower. pinorees ae cme cot cod
aninchin length, >
4-cleft, of a fawn-colour, clothed with silky hairiness, 2-lipped. Ur.
PER LIP much the longest, broad] y" wedge-shaped or en” with a
broad round margin, obscurely notched. at, the top, mewhat keeled
at the back; lower lip three-toothed equal, straight, acute. STANDARD
upright, spreading, smooth, obcordately-round, very much Jarger than
the wings and keel, at the upper margin emarginately incised; a large
white spot, sometimes appearing as if two, occupies the base; claw
short. Wrnes spathulately oblong, folding within them the keel,
= ¥
REFERENCE TO THE DissEctions.
1, Standard. 2, Keel. 3, Wing. 4, Style.
which is much smaller. KEEL obtuse, compressed, purple. STaAMENS
mon- or diadelphous, equal ; anthers small yellow. Ovary pedicellate,
short, compressed, 2-seeded, smooth, whitish. StTyiE long, smooth.
Sriema formed ofa small pubescent head.
Poputar aNnD GreocrapuicaL Notice. This like all the rest of
the genus Hovea, with which we are acquainted, is a native of New
Holland. It exhibits the peculiarity of the flower-buds of the suc-
ceeding year appearing at the bases of those expanded during the pre-
sent. This is a common condition of leaf-buds which are always vis-
ible the season preceding their expansion, but not frequently so with
flower-buds, which though they may be formed seven years before their
development externally, generally remain concealed till the period of
unfolding. Those of the Hovea Celsi, are perfectly protected by the
scales in which they are enveloped, which is one of the means by which
the God of Nature manifests his care of his creatures,
He marks the bounds which winter may not pass,
And blunts his pointed fury ; in its case,
Russet and rude, folds up the a germ
Uninjured, with inimitable art
And, ere one flowery season fades and dies
Designs the blooming wonders of the next.—CowPeEr.
Clee — eee of ~ ies and stalk are very liable to be infested
onidum of Fabricius,
Coccus Hicsperidom of - Kirby and dpeteds which can aap be remo-
ved by the nail being insinuated below it, and so taken from its hold.
For some interesting notices of this insect, see Taylor’s Scientific Me-
moirs, Vol. I, p. 214.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CULTURE. Introduced into the
Nursery of Mons. Cels, at Paris, by the French expedition, under — ;
Capt. Baudin, whence it was brought to Britain in 1817. ”
The plant from which our drawing was made, flowered in the ele-
gant conservatory of W. Leaf, Esq. Parkhill, Streatham, in May, 1836.
It is not so advisable to grow Hoveas in pots, which would seem to be
detrimental to them, as in the border of a conservatory. They thrive
admirably in an equal mixture of sandy loam and peat;
Derivation or THE Names.
ig oor honour of Anthone Pantaleon Hove, a Polish Botanist; who tra-
¥ Crimea and Persia, and sent many plants to the Kew Gardens,
Celsi, in compliment to Mons. Cels, a nurseryman of Paris.
SynonyMgs.
Hovea Cexst. Bonpland. Plantes de Navarre, t. 51. Ker Botanical Reg-
ister, t. 280, D Veg. v. II, p. 115.
i ccna gtalesemd: AZ" Withers, be
‘wa #
LUCU’LIA GRATIS’SIMA.
“oe LUCULIA.
EXOGENE, DICOTYLEDONEX,
Natural division
to which
this Plant belongs
NATURAL ORDER, RUBIACER.
pesca ee PENTANDRIA,
‘ MONOGYNIA,
this pots atone OF LINNEUS.
No. 41.
“GE NUS. Locutra. Sou bus decidais turbinatus, limbus 5-parti-
tus, laciniis lineari-subulatis #qualib duis
——
DECAN oie
caren longa oak a pac libera. SeEmiIna minuta densé
sursim imbrica ala mem embranacea dentata,ad basin brevissim4, apice latiore.
Decan DOLLB. Pr eee Systematis Naturalis Regni ne Pars IV,
. 357.
SPECIES. Lucvria GRatiss Sweer, Fouts ellipticis acuminatis
multinerviis crt glab abrlays ‘sas nervisgue villosis, sepalis linearibus obtusi-
useulis t SWE
EET. British Flower Garden, 145
HE tasting Lucunia. Tube of the Carrx tur-
“Fact ee bal é ed, rke¢
, two celled, spli ng from the apex to th e hi
dehiscence. “PLacenta elongated, at last s rating from
pnt: Seeps ‘minute 2 imbricated
ranou
Lu Gra a. STEM
untry a small tree, branched, be oppo-
. Leaves opposite, , spreading elliptical, with a
short point, petiolate, smooth above, the under surface strongly nerved,
villous along the course of the nerves. Stipures longer than the
petioles, solitary on each side, broad at the base, pointed at the apex,
deciduous, inflorescence a terminal corymb, many-flowered, the
branches dichotomous, the superior ones three-flowered. Bracts oppo-
site, under each division, and at the base of the pedicels, linear deci-
duous. Frowers large, elegant, of a delicate pink, or rose-colour.
Catyrx, 5-parted, of 5 distinct sepals, which are linear, bluntish, pale
red below, with green points, slightly pubescent on the outer surface,
resting upon the ovary, deciduous. Corozia funnel-shaped, tube
slender, angular, slightly furrowed, twice as long as the calyx, scarcely
widened at the throat, which is destitute of pubescence ; limb spread-
ing, deeply 5-lobed, lobes imbricated at the base, margins rounded
and slightly crenulate. Stamens 5, inserted at the throat, tlie fila-
ments short, thin, anthers erect, scarcely protruding beyond the throat,
Potten yellow. Styxie smooth, red, not more than half the length of
the tube. Stiemas 2, thick and fleshy, oblong or spathulate, spreading
at the point. Ovary top-shaped, fleshy, clothed with a fine down,
2-celled. OvuLEs numerous.
PopuLar anp GeocrapnicaL Notice. This plant, which in its
native country is a small tree, grows on the exposed hills in the valleys
of Nepaul and Silhet, blossoming, according to the situation in which
it is found, all the yearround. The flowers possess a fragrance which
perhaps is not surpassed by any other tree, and they even retain the
odor when dried and placed in the herbarium. The bark possesses
febrifuge properties, and may be substituted for Cinchona bark, in the
treatment of fever. In Bengal it is called Ussoxou, and in India,
generally, the Nepaul Cinchona bark.
*
As one of the objects in view, in commencing The Botanist, was to
aid in extending a beneficial knowledge of the vegetable kingdom,
by treating of the various plants figured in this work, not merely
as interesting from their beauty, or as isolated members of that
kingdom, but by pointing out the relationship or affinity of one plant
to another ; and as the present subject is well fitted to exemplify our
meaning, we avail ourselves of it to make the following remarks. In
former times, the end proposed by the study of botany, was seldom
more than to ascertain THE NAME imposed upon a plant, and then,
perhaps, refer to some work, for information respecting its properties,
or points. For this purpose, any classification, however arbitrary,
that led easily to the discovery of the name, was sufficient. But as
observed by Professor Daubeny, in his Inaugural Lecture, “The
time seems at length arrived, when a more philosophical arrangement
of the multitudinous objects which present themselves to us in our sur-
vey of the vegetable kingdom, seems feasible—when, instead of resting
satisfied with the mode of classification established by Linneus, in
which the individuals grouped together possess no necessary resem-
blance in structure, our peers object ages aie to peng enter ao
species, which offer th
other, in the hopes, hereafter, of pe ae a system, ali the very
place which the plant occupies in it, shall, in a manner, announce
its most prominent characters, the virtues which it may possess, and its
affinities with,others.” This is what is contemplated by the Natural
Method, in which plants are associated in groups, or tribes; and it is
the more worthy of adoption, that it is the only one, which gives ho-
tany a claim to the title of a Science—the only one by which the prin.
ciples of induction can be applied to the study of plants. A natural
tribe is neither more nor less than the observed steady association of
certain properties, structures, and analogies, in several species and
genera. A natural tribe, therefore, may be supposed to e a circle, (a
similitude which has been adopted by Mr. Loudon, in his Iilustra~
tions of Landscape Gardening) all the plants found within the cir-
cumference of which present a certain similarity of external charac-
ters, which indicates the existence of a certain similarity of chemical
principles, and under parallel circumstances, of medicinal power; so
that when acquainted with the structure and properties of any one
plant of a tribe, an index is possessed to all the rest. A striking con-
firmation of this is afforded by the fact, that nations widely apart, and
having no scientific intercourse, will be found to employ some species
of the same tribe for similar purposes. Nothing can illustrate this
better than the tribe ofthe Cinchonacex. Not only do the inhabitants
of Peru, employ for the cure of fever, the species of Cinchona, growing
among them, those species universally known as Peravian Bark, but
the Brazilians employ with a similar intention, three species of this
tribe, native of Brazil; while in French Guiana, the Coutarea speciosa,
in Carolina, the Pinckneya pubens, and in the West Indian Is-
lands, various species of Exostemma, yield febrifuge barks. In Africa,
the bark of species of this tribe, furnish excellent fever medicines ;
while in the East Indies, in addition to the Luculia Gratissima, the
_ barks of several species of the Hymenodictyon, yield febrifuge barks.
In short, it may be stated, that of forty-four kinds of bark, which are
used as substitutes for the Peruvian Barks, thirty-two are obtained
from plants of the tribe of Cinchonacee. Nothing can more forcibly
‘demonstrate the advantage of acquaintance with the natural method of
botany, as it supplies a key to the knowledge of the properties of plants
in every part of the globe.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLtTurE. The first plant of
this species which grew in Britain, was raised at Ashridge, the Seat of
the Countess of Bridgewater, from seeds received from Nepaul. The
specimen from which our drawing was taken flowered in the Green-
house of the Messrs, Henderson, Nurserymen, of Pine Apple Place,
London, in December, for which a prize was awarded by the Metro-
politan Society of Florists and Amateurs. Much has been said regard-
ing the culture of this plant. Some persons have found it rather diffi-
cult of management, from the precise temperature which seems to be
most suitable to its successful growth, being intermediate between that
of the stove and the greenhouse. In general, however, a warm green-
house, with frequent pottings, in a mixture of peat, sand, and loam,
and the use of plenty of eet will ensure rapid growth and splen-
did flowers. When young plants are required, cutti hould be taken
of the half-ripened shoots, which will strike root in ond under a bell-
glass, without bottom heat. They should not be exposed to the direct
rays of the sun, nor be kept too moist.
DeERIvATION oF THE NAMEs,
Lucvtia, a Latinized form of the native name Lucuti Swa. GrRaTissIMA,
superlative degree of gratus, sweet or grateful, to express the exquisite perfume
flowers.
SyNONYMEs.
CixcHona Gratissima. Wallich in Roxburgh’s Flora eng I, 154.
Mvussanpa Lucvria, Don, Prodromus Flore Nepalensis
8,
Lucunia GRatissmma, Decan dolle ae Regni vapebaise Vol. IV,
p. 358. Sweet’s British Flower Garden, t.
BER'BERIS DULCIS.
SWEET-FRUITED BERBERRY.
<_—e oR DICOTYLEDONE 2.
Natural division
to which tr
this Plant ae,
NATURAL ORDER, BERBERIDACEZ.
THAJ.AMIFLOR2, mee divisions
OF 0 which
DECANDOLLE. this Plant belongs
No. 42,
GENUS. Berseris. Linnevs. Sepsta 6 squamis 3 extus stipata. Pr-
rata 6 intus biglandulosa. Stamrna edentnla. Bacca 2-3perma. Semr-
na 2, rarius 3 ad basin seteretiiae — erecta, aongs testa crustacea, albu-
ine carnoso, cotyledonibus f cap itell lata.
DeEcanDoLue Pro dromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis, Pars. L p. 104,
HEXANDRIA,
MONOGYNIA,
OF LINNEUS.
SPECIES. Berrseris putcis. Don. Fruticosa ramosa,ramis flexuosis
triangularis piloso-pubescentibus. Foxits oblongo-ellipticis apice spinoso mu-
cronatis margine cartilagineis: caulinis longe petiolatis: axillis confertis
breve petiolatis, petiolis piloso-pubescentibus. FLorisus solitariis longe ped-
unculatis pendulis. David Don, in Sweet’s British Flower Garden, 2nd. Se-
ries, Folio 100.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, BERBERIS. SEPALS six, supported
on the outside by 3 scales. Prtaus 6, having each two glands on the
inside. STameEns toothless. Berry 2-3 seeded. Sxreps 2, rarely 3,
attached laterally at the base of the seed-vessel, erect, oblong, with a
crustaceous testa, and fleshy albumen ; cotyledons leafy, wpe ey Ta-
dicle long, capitellate at the top,
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, BERBERIS DULCIS. A SHRUB,
Stem much branched, 4-10 feet high; branches flexuose, sharply trian-
gular, joints tumid; bark brown, glossy, and thickly clothed with
short hair. Sprves 3-5, united at the base, and closely attached to
the fasciculi of leaves. Leaves elliptico-oblong, occasionally lance-
olate, terminating in a sharp point, attenuated downwards, with a
cartilaginous margin, veins much branched, of a bright shining green
on the upper side, paler beneath ; arranged in tufts or fasciculi along
the stem; of variable size, some being broad, others narrower, sur-
rounded at the base by several brown ovate scales. Stem-leaves on
the young growing shoots, possessed of very long foot-stalks, dilated
at the base. Prrroxes thickly beset with short hairs, seated on small
EFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONS.
J, An outer sepal, 2, An inner sepal, 3,Apetal. 4, A stamen.
rough glands. FLowers solitary, proceeding from each tuft of leaves
along the stem, small, of a fine yellow or orange colour, supported by
a peduncle, nearly an inch and half long, which is slender, drooping,
and clothed with a short glandular pubescence. Sepats 6, of une-
qual size, bright yellow, ovate, concave on the upper side, rounded at
the points, 3 outer ones about a third less than the inner ones. PE-
TALS 6, opposite the sepals, shorter than the inner ones, ovate, entire,
concave inwards, somewhat undulate at the margins, rounded at
the points, of a rich orange hue. STameEns 6, opposite to the petals:
filaments fleshy, thickened as far as where the anther is attached ; cells
of the anther distinct, pollen granular, glossy. Ovary smooth, roundly
oval, tapering towards the stigma, which is large, peltate and orbi-
cular ; '
Poputar aND GeocrapuicaL Notice. The discovery of this
interesting plant is due to Mr. Anderson, the botanical collector at-
tached to Capt. King’s expedition to the Straits of Magellan. Ac-
cording to him it is found extending from Chiloe, to the Straits of Ma-
gellan, unless the plant of Chiloe be a distinct species, a circumstance
rendered probable by their being much smaller than the present plant,
and by having deciduous leaves, while this one possesses evergreen
leaves. The fruit which is black, is not merely ornamental, but useful,
being employed to make tarts, sweetmeats, and preserves.
There are many curious points in the structure and habits of the
Berberry: the spines are leaves, of which the parenchyma is absent,
and the mid-rib indurated ; the stamens are remarkable for their irri-
tability, for if the base of a stamen be touched with a pin or knife,
it springs forward and strikes the pistil.. The same occurrence is ob-
served when the opposite poles of a glavanic battery are attached, one
to the petal, to which the stamen is fixed, the other to the pistil.
IntropucTion; Wnere Grown; Currure. Introduced about
1828, by Mr. Anderson, to Lowe’s Nursery, at Clapton. It is quite
hardy, and may be propagated by layers, or may he inarched on the
common Berberry ; or young cuttings, planted under bell-glasses in
pots of sand, will strike root readily. A mixture of sandy loam and
peat, or sandy peat alone, is suitable to it.
Derivation Or THE NaMEs.
Berseris, according to some, from BepBapt, the Greek for a shell, the
leaves of some species shining like a a shell ; according to others, from am
rees, the name of the common Grea oo Dutcts sweet.
Bexseris purcis. Don. In peat ese Garden, 2nd Series, Folio 100.
4 gala woeceage. Mitts. set
ee
‘le
POLYGALA SPECIOSA.
= — MILKWORT.
DICOTYLEDONE.
Natural) division
to which
this Plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, poraatacue,
THALAMIFLOR&, {nor divisions bs, “temo
OF to which
DECANDOLLE. ee Plant aN oy gro
GENUS. Porraliuap weber Cavers | som rastentia, 2 interiora
aleformia.. Peraza 3-5 tubo nr ae
ed Fi, a4 apa Pe 1
0
Senin ms ager o carune
S. Pouxeara Specrosa. Sims. , Pcie inferioribus + congo
chat obtusis, oribus linearibus, ramisque virgatis glabris, b racteis
deciduiss pedicellis patulis, alis subrotundis. spp CAN DOLLE. Prodromus Sys.
tematis lis Regni Vegetabilis, Part I, p
GENERIC CHARACTER OF POLYGALA, an € — of 5 per-
sistent sepals, of which the two interior are wing-sha +a 3-5,
united to the tube of the stamens, the inferior keel- Ahaped, ( pro-
bably formed of two petals cohering.) CapsuLe compressed ellip-
tical obovate, or heart-shaped. Seeps with hairy pubescence,
caruneulated at the hilum, not comose.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species,
shrubby, erect, 5-6 feet high, n
SPECIOSA. STEM
, green, ae to
times mucronate. Flowers i in terminal racemes, large, shewy ; bracts
deciduous : three exterior sepals. rs ake small, Song two interior
large, wing-shaped, purple, beautifully vein
small, the third large, keel-shaped, ae, yi eight, united
at the base-into a two-cleft tube. ° AnTHERS oblong, adnate. Styx
nearly enclosed “by the keel, pela curved, stigma two-cleft,
REFERENCE TO THE owt
1, Shows the pistil, with three al, the ors attached; the remaini C) wing-shaped petaloid =
pals are ews at a 4, 2, to a tube, E 3,
The bearded keel-shaped petal, sometimes called the crest. To the common observer r these constitu-
ent parts of the flower 7 Polygal a will seem to resemble those se a apie flower, although
essentially different. These oe and the natural affinities of the plant, will come unde’
sideration in the eu
one of the sides erect, and emarginate, the other hanging down, green,
glutinous on the under side, by which it attaches the pollen. Cap-
SULE, compressed. =
POPULAR AND GEOGRAPHICAL InrorMaTION. This species which
is one of the most shewy of the genus, is like many of its allies, found
exclusively at the Cape of Good Hope. So many plants indeed are
limited to that region of the earth, that the vegetation of the extra-tro-
pical part of South Africa is quite peculiar and characteristic.
Schouw has called it the kingdom of Stapelias, and Mesembryanthe-
mums, but it might with more propriety be termed that of Ericas and
’ Pelargoniums. ,
INTRODUCTION; WHERE Grown; CuLture. This species was
introduced into the gardens of this country, in 1814, by the Messrs.
Young of Epsom, having been raised by them from seeds furnished
by Sir John Jackson. It requires the shelter of the greenhouse; and
thrives well in a mixture of sand, with two-thirds peat, and one-third
turfy loam. To obtain cuttings fit for planting, the branches should be
topped, when numerous young shoots will spring out, which should be
taken off close to the old branches, when about three inches long, and
in a growing state; then planted in pots of sand under a hand-glass,
and placed in a close frame. It is a very showy plant, when in flower,
but at other times, appears deficient of foliage, and being a deciduous
shrub, it is completely denuded in winter. It is a suitable conservatory
plant, and is said to be so hardy, as to bear the open air, at Dysart,
close to the sea-shore, in Fifeshire. It is well known, that near to the
coast, many plants will bear to be exposed, during winter, which can-
not be so treated in the interior of the country. The caloric of the sea
being given out at that season, equalizes and moderates the temper-
ature.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMES
Seabone from 7rodv, poly, much, — yaha, mitk, either on account of the
tained in the root, or as som: k, from being supposed to increase
the quantity of milk in cattle, vith feed upon these plants. Sprcrosa, from
iosus, shewy,
Syvony
Potyeata Sprctosa. Sim’sin Botanical abe 1780. (The other refer-
cog given in Don’s Dict. to Bot. Mag. is a mistake. Ker in Botanical oe
Don in General Dictionary oe Warden and Botany, Vol. I, p. 350
CLIANTHUS PUNI'CEUS. ‘
SDRIMSON CLIANTHUS, OR —— PEA.
OR DICOTYLEDONEZ.
£
N a Boeite iy) —
{ Gill plant beteagile 18 WwW
in %
RAL ORDER, 1
4
ao rem tonen
oi OF LINNEUS.
GENUS. Cutanruus. SoLAanDER. eS lat? campanulatus, rt ne
5-dentatus. VEXxILLUM acuminatum, a parallelis lon
scaphiformis, vexillo alisque multo lon: ior, omn ono
manifest? perigyna, diadelpha, omnia fertilia. Sryius staminibus duplo long-
ior, versus apicem hine leviter barbatus s, stigmate inewia LEGUMEN
pedicellatum, coriaceum, acuminatum, ventricosum, poly um, intus lan-
ulosum, sutura dorsali recta yentrali convex4. Serna reniformia, funiculis
longiusculis affixa. Lrvpzey in Botanical Register, Mfolio 1775.
CALYCIFLORE,
OF
DECANDOLLE,
SPECIES. Curantuus Puniceus. SoLanDeER. Svavkshgttoh diffusus
glaber, ae, is altern rnis oblongis subemarginatis, racemis pendulis mo
»,legumine glabro. LinDLEy. Botanical Register,
[ARACTER OF THE Genus, Cuianraus. Canyx widely campan-
nea a 5-toothed. STANDARD acuminate, reflexed, lon-
an the parallel wings, keel skiff-shaped, much longer than the
Sea standard J and wings, completely monopetalous. STAMENS manifestly
gynous, diadelphous, all fertile. Sryie twice as long as the sta-
ae towards the apex slightly bearded, stigma quite simple. Leeu-
MEN pedicellate, coriaceous, acuminate, ventricose, many-seeded, some-
what woolly within, dorsal suture straight, ventral suture convex.
Seeps kidney-shaped, attached by rather long chords.
ro
oy
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, CLIANTHUS PUNICEUS. STEM
branched from 2-4 feet high, round, smooth, except when cracked, de-
yoid of all pubescence save on the under surface of the young leaves,
and on the green parts of the flower; branches green. Leaves alter-
nate, stipulate, oddly pinnate, of 8 pairs of folioles; folioles oblong,
obtuse, subemarginate, distinctly alternate: stipules green, ovate, re-
flexed, very much smaller than the folioles. Racemes pendulous, ma-
ny-flowered ; axis flexuous ; Bracts ovate, reflexed, very much shorter
REFERENCE TO THE DissECTIONS.
1, Stamens and Pistil. 2, Calyx. 3, Wing. 4, Keel.
than the slender bracteolated pedicels. Catyx 5-toothed, teeth acu-
minate. STANDARD ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, reflexed, 2 inches
long, externally of a nantmense oe = a i ——
except when towards the base it is marked t
or lines. Wu1vas of a blood-red colour, obtuse, about Linch in length.
KEEL quite monopetalous, acuminate, nearly 3 inches long, of a red-
ish orange colour, pale towards the base. Pop nearly 3 inches in
length, dark-brown, veined. ee is kidney-shaped, brown, speckled
with black spots.
PopuLaR AND GEOGRAPHICAL Naver The enterprising natural-
ists, Banks and Solander, who accompanied Captain Cook, in 1769,
first discovered this plant in the northern interior, of New Zealand;
it was again discovered by the missionaries in 1831. Its native name
is KowarnquToKaka or Parrot’s-bill: but itis most justly entitled to
the name, given by Solander, of Flower of Glory. A group of such
shrabs would realize the description by the poet—
Of flowers that with one scarlet gleam
Cover a < mess miles, and seem
set the hills on fire!
ivioouenon) WHERE Grown; Curture. Mr. Richard Davis,
Missionary Catechist at New Zealand sent the seed of Clianthus puni-
ceus to the Rev. John Noble Colman, of Ryde, Isle of Wight, who
sowed it as soon as it was received in the autumn of 1831. In the fol-
lowing spring they produced several fine plants. The specimen from
which our drawing was made flowered in May, 1836, in the rich col-
lection of William Leaf, Esq. Parkhill, Streatham. Cuttings strike
root most readily under a hand-glass, indeed where its branches touch
the ground, they will take root like Verbena Melindris. Trained
to a southern wall, it will grow luxuriently, but notwithstanding its ap-
parent health, during winter, in such situation, when spring succeeds,
it betrays its southern origin, and either dies, or recovers with diffi-
culty.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMEs.
Cutantus, from «Xzc glory, and ay0oc a flower. Ponicevs, rier from
Punicus, of or be elonging to Phoenicia, of which Tyre was famous fo ts dye of
purple, said to be obtained from a species of shell-fish of the sea nat
SynonyMeEs.
CLIANTHUS PUNICEUS, Solander, Manuscript in British Museum. Allan Cun.
am in Transactions of Horticultural Society, New Series, Vol, I, p. 521,
t. 22. Hooker in Botanical Ma , folio 3584, “
Dont ae aan —— Don's Seneenl Dictionary of Gardening and Bota-
ny, Vol. IL, p. i
Ce :
bore ek Pe afrcce ODMOPPE”.
A> Wethers. diet
LILIUM SPECIO'SUM.
SHEWY LILY.
ENDOGENA, MONOCOTYLEDONEA.
ni bs of N yy I division ss
this ny a Mati oe
NATURAL ORDER, TULIPACE,
Artificial in
to which a eat
this Plant a OF LINNEUS.
No. 45.,
en me
mee aie
a
i
Pez
ae
HYPOGYNOSA,
OF
LINDLEY.
ENUS Litrem. Liwwevs. Pertcontom corollinum, deciduum, hexa-
phy led foliola basi wgecticomyrpeioons ineapes ries ormi-campanulata, apice
patentia vel revoluta, intus s tructa. Sramrna 6, perigonii
foliolis basi sabadhezrentia. Ovariom triloculare. Ovuxa plarima, biseriata,
horizontalia, anatropa. Styius terminalis, subclavatus rectus vel subcurvatus ;
stigma subtrilob APSULA trigona, sexsulca, ris, loculicido-trival-
bias Sema plurima, ecsgpene bine aye. plano-compressa, testa lutescente,
hefhine per decurrente.
marginem
Empryo in axi albuminis carnosi rectus B segue extremitate radiculari
umbilico proxima. Enpzicazr. Genera Plantarum, p. 141.
SPECIES. Littum speciosum. Tsrunzerc. Foliis sparsis petiolatis;
caule ramoso, ramis unifloris, a iss Sarai revolutis intus papuloso-
dentatis. Wiztpenow. Species Plan 86.
CHARACTER OF THE fos. Liuium. Periegone resembling a
corolla, deciduous, of six pieces or folioles; folioles slightly cohering
at the base, funnel-shaped or campanulate, spreading at the apex, or
curved back, having on the inner surface a nectariferous groove.
STAMENS six, slightly adhering to the base of the folioles of the peri-
gone. Ovary three-celled. OvuLes numerous, in two rows, horizon-
tal, anatropous. Sry.x terminal, somewhat club-shaped, straight or
only slightly curved; stigma somewhat three-lobed. Capsue three-
cornered, six-furrowed, three-celled, becoming three-valved by a locu-
licidal dehiscence. SEEDS numerous, in two rows, horizontal, com-
pressed into a flat form, test yellowish, somewhat spongy, furnished
with a membranaceous margin, along which the raphe runs. Empryo
either straight or segmoid in the axis of a =, albumen, the radical
extremity next the umbilicus.
Rew
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, LiLivm Sreciosuille Stem a scaly
bulb, from which springs the part bearing the leaves. ‘and flowers.
LrEavEs scattered, alternate, shortly petiolate, lanceolate, acute, about
six inches long, green on both surfaces but of a lighter hue beneath,
12
“which is almost shining. From the base to the apex of each leaf run
several parallel veins or nerves, which are very prominent on the un-
der surface, the central ones most conspicuous, the lateral ones less so.
Fiowers axillary and terminal, solitary. Perricone (corolla of Lin-
nean writers) of six folioles, of which three are exterior, three placed
more internal, of an exquisite rose-colour. Each foliole unguiculate
at the base, but with the limb reflected, whitish towards the base, but
near the central part, of a pink or red ground, marked with prominent
points and round spots. SrTamens six, filaments thick below, taper-
ing towards the apex; anthers versatile: pollen brownish yellow.
Sty.e one, somewhat club-shaped. Sriema yellow, 3-lobed.
PopuLaR AND GeocrapuicaL Notice. This species, perhaps one
of the most gorgeous of that tribe which Linneus termed the patricians
of the vegetable kingdom, is a native of Japan, a country with the
productions of which we are very imperfectly acquainted, owing to
the jealousy of its people, which is as great as that of their Chinese
neighbours. Siebold was, however, allowed to penetrate into the inte-
rior, and brought off the present plant among his other spoils.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. The first plants were
sent by Siebold to Holland, and by propagation are now in the hands
of the nurserymen of Ghent, from whom bulbs were purchased by the
Messrs. Loddiges at Hackney, in 1836. In their conservatory, flow-
ers were produced in August, 1837, and to their extreme politeness we
are indebted for the opportunity of figuring it. It is not yet ascer-
tained what degree of temperature this splendid Lily will bear, but it
may be presumed that protection from frost will be all that is requisite.
A light loamy soil, upon a dry bottom, is favourable to the growth of
such plants. From various trials of bog earth, however well it may
have been pulverized by frost, or the addition of sand, we believe it to
be injurious to.the growth of Lilies.
DERIVATION OF THE NaMEs.
Litem, from the celtic Lr, white, alluding to the purity of the roa known
species. Speciosum, shewy, from the gay appearance of the flow
SyNonYMEs.
Litium sureRrsum. Tuuneerc. Flora Japonica, p. 134.
Litium sPpeciosum. TavnperG. Transactions of Linnean Society, Vol. IT,
p- 332, Bo peer, folio 2000
sae: :
4
pate @
Barne. dei.
»
PHILIBERTIA GRA’CILIS.
“SLENDER PHILIBERTIA.
EXOGENE, DICOTYLEDONES.
Na ze ta shoe gar
this Plant Teas gs
NATURAL ORDER, ACLEPIADACE.
&
©OROLLIFLOR2A, is Artificial divisions PENTANDRIA,
oF Ny to which DIGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE, H this Plant ae: OF LINNEUS.
No. 46.
GENUS. Puitisertia. Humporr and Kunra. Cauyx 5-partitus. Corou-
LA urceolato-rotata, sinuato-quinque-loba, lobis acutis denticulis interjectis ;
tubus brevis, mediante toro carnoso apice quandoque annuliformi et undulato
gynostegii (columne staminex Brown) basi adnatus. Corona staminea sim-
plex, 5-phylla, foliolis carnosis summo gynostegio insertis, integris. HERE
membrana terminate. Mass pollinis clavato- cylindracee, ad apicem fere
afixe. Stigma brevissimum vel breviter pects apice biapiculatum.
Hooxer, a of Botany, Vol. 1, p. 290.
TES. Purreerria craciuis. D. Dov. Foliis profunde cordatis
cuminatis subt Miah corolla calyce ter longiore, coronz interioris foliolis
ventricosis antic? mucronatis. Sweet's Flower Garten folio 403.
CuaracTer or THE Genus, Paruipertia. Caryx 5-parted.
Coroxa urceolate-rotate, ‘sinuately 5-lobed, lobes acute with little
teeth interposed; tube short, adnate by means of a fleshy torus, by the
apex, and, when the torus is ring-shaped and undulating, to the base
of the gynostegium (the staminal column of Brown.) S7Taminat co-
RONA simple, 5-phyllous; folioles fleshy, inserted on the top of the
Synostegium, entire. ANTHERS terminated by amembrane. Pot-
LEN MASSES cylindrically -club-shaped, attached almost to the apex.
Stigma very short, or shortly beaked, two-pointed at the apex.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, PHILIBERTIA GRACILIS. PLANT
perennial, entirely clothed with soft spreading hairs. Stems very
slender not thicker than a crow-quill, twining, attaining the length of
six feet. Leaves opposite, petiolate, cordate, oblique, acuminate,
pubescent, soft, of a greyish green, lighter on the under~ surface.
PETIOLEs slender, about half-an-ineh long. INFLORESCENCE umbel-
late; umbels solitary, interpetiolary, of from 3 to 5 flowers. PEDUN-
CLES filiform, from 1 to 2 inches long; pedicels bracteate, about half-
an-inch in length. Bracts linear, acute. CaLyx of 5 leaves coher-
ing at the base; segments linear-lanceolate, acute, spreading. Co-
ROLLA three times as long as the calyx, campanulate, externally hairy,
smooth within, the ground of a yellowish white, blotched with purple
or flesh-coloured spots; limb spreading, 5-lobed; lobes triangular,
acute, the sinuses or intermediate parts prolonged into short teeth.
Corona double, the exterior one annular, entire, interior one of 5
fleshy gibbous, yellow segments, having each a short spur-like point
on the inner side near the apex. Stamens 5, filaments short, mem-
branous, connate. ANTHERS 2-celled, surmounted by a short, round-
ed, truncate, membranous appendage. PoLLEN-masses club-shaped,
somewhat compressed, smooth, yellow, waxy, glossy, pendulous, con-
nected by a short, somewhat arrow-shaped chocolate-coloured gland.
Gynostecium thickened, obtusely 5-angular, placed immediately be-
low the two prominent lobes of the stigma; angles obtuse, resembling
a gland, viscid. Ovaries two, swelling, smooth. Styxes subulate,
longer than the ovaries. Sriemas small, truncate.
Popu.ar aNp GeocrapuicaL- Notice. This addition to the ge-
nus Philibertia is a native of the district between Buenos Ayres and
Tucuman, where it was discovered by Mr. Tweedie, who sent it to his
friends in this country, under the name of “Green-flowering Ascle-
pias of Saint Kathrens.” Its flowers serve well to exhibit the curious
structure of asclepiadaceous plants, for our general knowledge of which
we are indebted to Mr. Robert Brown (Memoirs of Wernerian Society,
Vol. I, p. 19.) whose acumen has also revealed to us the singular mode
of fecundation of these plants. (Trans. of Linnean Society, Vol. XVI.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CULTURE. Seeds of the Philiber-
tia gracilis, were sent by Mr. Tweedie, in the later part of the year
1835, to various British cultivators. A portion of these were received
by Mr. Nevin, of Glasnevin Garden, Dublin, who kindly supplied us
with a drawing from one of his plants, which had been trained to a
support in the stove, where it had proved evergreen, and flowered
from May till October. It can scarcely be doubted but that if young
plants be turned into the open ground, in May, and trained to a wall,
they will become very ornamental. Cuttings strike root readily, and
asoil composed of a sandy loam and peat proves suitable to its growth.
Derivation or THE Names.
Puruertia, in honour of J. C. Philibert, author of Notions élémentaires
de botanique, et Introduction a I’ etude de la botanique. Gracriis, from the
slender nature of the stem.
SynonyMEs.
PaILiBerTiA cracttis. David Don in British Flower Garden, folio 403.
PHILIBERTIA GRANDIFLORA. Sir W. J. Hooker, in Botanical Magazine, 3618.
STA‘'TICE ARBO’REA.
TREE-LIKE STATICE.
EXOGEN&, oR DICOTYLEDONES.
_ Natural division .
to which Q YZ re
this Plant ant Vey
NATURAL ORDER, PLUMBAGINACE.
ee ee iat me ng i
gecaroouelt ta eke valde
No. 47.
GENUS. Statice. Linwevs. Fores gal ammpoee Catyx mo-
nophyllus plicatus subscariosus. Prrata 5-subconnata. Stamina basi peta-
lorum inserta. Urricunus monospermus calyce settee SpreNncEx Species
SPECIES. Srarice arporea. BrovssoneT. Cav1E arborescente, foliis
ovatis obtusis mucronatis basi bs hewn panicula composita terminali, ramis
panicule alato-ancipitibus. Wauitpenow. YEnumeratio Plantarum Horti
Botanici Berolinensis, 1, p. 337.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, Statice. FLowens spiked, or pa-
nicled. Catyx of a single piece, monosepalous, plaited, somewhat
searious. Prtaxts 5, slightly connate. Stamens attached to the
base of the pas. Yi si one-seeded, inclosed in the calyx.
IN 01 FATICE Arporea. STEM erect,
som e woody. Leaves with long petioles ; radical leaves
23 inches broad. Stem leaves crowded at the top
ches. PanicLe supported on a long peduncle, terminal,
said a Feoryinh, which is roundish, or two-édged, the pedicels
winged on each side. Catyx cup-shaped, angular, limb undivided,
but acutely pointed, of a fine lilac colour, persistent. Corotza -
white, tube nearly cylindrical, limb spreading, undivided, rounded,
~ eaducous, or quickly falling. Stamens 5, not so long as the tube of
the corolla. Ovary oblong. Sryzes slender. —
Poputar AND GrocrapuicaL Novice. Among the many beau-
tiful species of Statice, none surpass the present one in elegance. It
is a native of Teneriffe, and so forms a connecting link between the
vegetation of tropical and temperate climates.
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. Though this species
was introduced into the Botanic Gardens of the continent about the
beginning of the present century, it was not known in this country till
very lately. The merit of introducing it is due to Philip Parker
Webb, Esq., who has spent several years in exploring the natural pro-
ductions of the Canary Isles, and is now engaged with M. Berthollet,
in publishing an account of them, under the title L’ Histoire Natu-
relle des Isles Canariennes. This gentleman sent it to his garden, near
Guildford, and permitted it to be propagated by Messrs, Penny and
Young, of the Guildford Nursery. It is still extremely rare. Our
drawing was made from a plant belonging to Wm. Leaf, Esq., Park-
hill, Streatham. It may be kept in the Conservatory, but when the
flower is setting it is better to have stove heat.
There is not, perhaps, a more singular and beautiful display of the
adaptation of vegetable action, to the purpose of reproduction than ex-
ists in the Statice. It is, indeed, true that wonders meet us at every
step we take through the mazes of vegetable physiology; and it should
be esteemed a high privilege which man enjoys in being admitted to a
knowledge of these operations of the Creator in the economy of His
works. When we consider that such privileges are granted as a means
of intellectual improvement and gratification, it would betray an apa-
thy and a negligence unworthy of rational beings, were we to shut our
eyes to these evidences of divine power and wisdom. The physiolo-
gical fact to which we have alluded exists in the arrangement of the
parts of fructification within the ovary of the Statice. It is known to
the vegetable physiologist that the pollen has, generally, a direct com-
munication through the style to the ovules. In these parts of the Sta-
tice, an obstacle to such communication occurs by the interposition of
a smal] membranous strap; no sooner, however, is the influence of the
pollen exerted thereon but it slips aside, and a passage is opened be-
tween the pollen and the ovules. To render this subject quite intelli-
gible to all our readers, engravings would be necessary, and it will be
one of our objects in the Guipe (attached to the BoranisT) to eluci-
date such facts as these in the most distinct manner; and as far as we
are able, to open to our readers that page of nature descriptive of her
mysterious operations.
DeERIvaTIoN oF THE Names.
Statice, from YrariZw, STATIZO, to stop, some of the species possessing as-
tringent properties. a REA, from arbor, a tree, as this species has a ten-
dency to form a woody ste
SynonyMes.
oot ArporEscens. Broussonet. Catalogus Monspessulanus.
ATICE ARBOREA. W
Poiret, Encyclopedie Poromesi eeremnirt “ore ? erie daca
ti
a
Bry, Wiito =
WN Zo :
NITIES
‘eg Litay
Mijp
"yz
or
x}
MMU,
%,
ealih api
ACA‘CIA PUBES'CENS.
PUBESCENT ACACIA.
EXOGENA, DICOTYLEDONE R.
Natural division
to eg ch
this Plant belongs
NATURAL ORDER, aa
: oes 0 aay POLYGAMIA,
7 MON@RICIA,
this net aR es OF LINNEUS,
CALYCIFLORE,
OF
DECANDOLLE,
No. 48.
GENUS. Acacta. (Necker.) Friores 694 bam Caryx 4.5 dentatus.
Prrara 4-5. nunc libera, nunc in corollam 4-5 fidam coalita. Stamra numero
varia 10-200. LrcumEn continuum exsuccum bivalve. Decan pot.
SPECIES. Acacia pupescens. R. Brown. Ramis teretibus aie. pin-
nis she. ua foliolis 6-18 jugis lineari
bus glabris, petiolo eglan Geena on
tulis globosis pedicellatis seeus pedunculum axillarem longe race Isr
CHARACTER OF THE oo seen FLoweErs wie amous.
‘oP :
0
sides, swollen, and artic
zontal hairs. Some of
ted; Bracts sol ar ) AC te i ad fa ling early. Ca-
ee ro THE DissEcTIONs,
1 2% an waren mpage flower. 3, a flower,
an omnia shewing the projecting stamens. seen from the back, 5, a flower of
the natural size. 6, one of the Aen mre tess 1, 9, 3, 4, and 6, magnified,
Lyx campanulate, smooth, of a pale yellow, very short, limb of 5 .
~ straight teeth. Coroxza of 5 straight petals, oval, acute, concave,
inserted at the base of the calyx. Stamens numerous, yellow, ap-
proximating at the base, distinct and spreading towards the upper
part; filaments slender, longer than the corolla; anthers straight,
rounded, two-lobed, opening by lateral lines. Ovary oval, obtuse,
slightly compressed, smooth. Sryze lateral, straight, slender, longer
than the stamens. StTiema simple.
Popunar anp GeoerarnicaL Notice. This plant is a native of
the Eastern part of New Holland. While the true Mimosas are almost
completely confined within the tropics, the Acacias extend more to-
wards the Poles, but chiefly the South Pole; their leaves are less
irritable than those of the genuine Mimosas, such as the Sensitive
Plant, but the Acacia pubescens is influenced by light in a very pecu-
liar manner. Towards evening, or during gloomy weather, the pri-
mary petioles bend downwards, while the secondary petioles take a
horizontal direction, approximating each other by their faces. These
movements, and the prevalence of such shrubs in the Southern hemis-
phere, justify the introduction of them by James Montgomery, as a
part of the scenery of the Pelican Island.
Plants of superior growth now sprang apace,
‘With moon-like blossoms crowned, or starry —
Light flexible shrubs, among the greenwood played
Fantastic freaks,—they crept, they ene ats budded,
And hung their flowers and berries in the
As the breeze taught, they danced, they ‘ite. they twined
Their sprays in bowers, or spread the ground with net-work.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE Grown; CuLTurE. Introduced into Bri-
tain in 1790. The plant from which our drawing was made, flowered
in March, 1837, and continued in flower for two months, in the elegant
conservatory of Wm. Leaf, Esq., Parkhill, Streatham. It grows about
18 feet in height, and constitutes, when in flower, the most beautiful
sight we have witnessed in any collection i in Europe. It requires, like
most New Holland plants, a free supply of water.
DERIVATION OF THE ‘Names.
Acacia, from aca%w Akazo, to sharpen, many species having sharp thorns.
PuseEscens, pubescent, in bak Bg > the soft hairs, or pubescence, with which
meer all the plant is coy
SynonyMeEs.
Acacta PUBESCENS. Robert Brown, in Hortus Kewensis, Vol. 5, p. 467. Bo-
tanical e, Folio 1263. ries dolle. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis
Regni Vegetabilis. Pars. If,
MIMosa PUBESCENS, Wake Sidin de Malmaison, t. 21.
SOLA’NUM BALBISII. —
f — BALBIS'S SOLANUM.
EXOGENZ, DICOTYLEDONEZ.
oR *
Natural division
to which iste
this Plant belongs,
NATURAL ORDER, SOLANACEA,
COROLLIFLORE, &3 Artificial divisions PENTANDRIA,
OF 5 aes __ to which MONOGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE,. yi il this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS,
No. 49,
GENUS. Soranum. Linwnevs. Caryx 4-15 dentatus lobatusve, persistens,
wpe accrescens. Corotra rotata ; tubo brevi, limbo magno, plicato,5-angulato,
8
brevibus, interdum inequalibus; antheris oblongis bilocularibus, sepius equal-
ibus, approximato-coadnatis, apice poris duobus dehiscentibus. Ovariom sub-
rotundum; stylus filiformis; stigma obtusum subsimplex aut 2.-3-4-fidum.
Bacca subrotunda, 2-3-4-locularis. Pouvcwer: Histoire des Solanees, p. 205.
SPECIES. Sotancm Baxaistr. Dewar. Cavre fruticoso, villoso, acule-
i wen ae soe : ;
to; foliis pi i acutis sinuato-dentatis, racemis cymosis lateral-
ibus terminalibusque. Duwaz: Histoire de Solanum, p. 232.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, SOLANUM. Caryx of 4 to 15 teeth or
or lobes, persistent, often ‘acerescent. Coro.ua rotate; tube short,
limb large, plaited, 5-angled, sometimes 4-6 lobed, spreading. Sra-
MENS 5, occasionally 4-6, filaments awl-shaped, short, sometimes une-
qual ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, generally equal, approximating coad-
nate, dehiscing by two pores at the apex. Ovary roundish; style
slender, stigma obtuse, either simple, or 2-3-4-cleft. Berry roundish,
2.3-4-celled. SEEDS numerous, ovate, often compressed, surrounded
by a thin diaphanous pulp.
Descriprion oF THE Species, Soranum Bavsisit. PLanT erect,
two or three feet high, stem intermediate between the consistence of a
shrub and a herbaceous plant, branched. Whole surface, except the
superior surface of the corolla, clothed with rough pubescence, having
interspersed, on the stem, the mid-rib and principal nerves of the leaves
on the peduncles and the calyx, stiff sharp-pointed aculei or prickics:
(An intermixture similar to the hairs and prickles of many species of
Roses.) Leaves alternate, petiolate, somewhat ovate, deeply pinnat-
ifid, segments sinuately lobed or toothed, both surfaces pubescent, with
aculei also along the mid-rib and nerves on both sides, upper surface
deep green, under lighter, slightly viscid when touched. Racemes of
12, sup.
flowers, both lateral and terminal disposed in cyme-like groups. Ca-
Lyx 5-lobed, pubescent, with few aculei. Corotta large, spreading,
5-lobed, lobes rather acute, under surface slightly pubescent: upper
surface smooth, colour ‘self pearly white. Sramens 5, equal, free,
filaments short, anthers long, yellow. Ovary globose, style short,
stigma capitate. Frorr nearly the size of a cherry, almost entirely cov-
ered by the persistent accrescent calyx. SEEDs numerous, kidney-sha-
ped, margined.
PopunarR AND GeocrapnicaL Notice. The present species is a
native of Brazil and other parts of South America; there are several
varieties of it, as far as difference in the colour of the flowers is suffi-
cient to constitute a variety, some being blue (which is the more gen-
erally their hue) others purple (Bot. Mag. 2828) while our plant has the
flowers white, and is altogether more delicate than the other two sorts.
To this difference little importance should be attached, as the same di-
versity of colour may be observed in the flowers of the common potatoe
(Solanum tuberosum.) The fact of the calyx being in this, and sey-
eral other species of the genus, accrescent is worthy of more notice, as
a similar disposition to enlarge exists in the calyx of the Physalis Al-
kekengi (the Winter Cherry) and the Nicandra physaloides (the Alke-
kengi of the gardens.)
INTRODUCTION; WHERE Grown; CuLtTurE. The blue-flowered
variety was introduced in 1816, but we are ignorant at what time the
present variety hecame known to British cultivators. We are indebt-
ed to Mrs. Lawrence of Drayton Green, for the opportunity of hav-
ing it drawn. It is kept in the greenhouse, which probably its greater
delicacy renders advisable ; but the others seem capable of enduring
our out-of-door climate. “A specimen” says Mr. Loudon in his Arbo-
retum Britannicum, p. 1268.“planted against the wall in the Horticul-
tural Society's garden, in 1833, grows vigorously, and flowers freely
every year.”
wisi piace oe OF dae ———
Basar, aceite dies Sivek diigseil tie? 6 tail ae Wa sorgcarianalsi? incase
>
SyNonyMeEs.
Sotanum Baxpisn. Pins Histoire de Solan 232.
ong um, p. pees Systema
Soranum iaiaaiane Encyclop. Method. IV, p
Souanum viscosum, Lagasca: Genera et Species, Ae 10, ate 145.
whe
(3 i 9 LS: Henson. det.
Leconte ce C#t44 GSAOGOMAAIME . 5
et.
EXOGEN &, etary ieaaisigt weg
Natural division
to which
this Plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, BERBERACE,
i { ee a ‘ HEXANDRIA
to which MONYG YNTIA, f
DECANDOLLE. ie Plant a} OF LINNEDS.
No, 50,
pemaneen LEonTICE. Linnzvs. Serara 6 (nune on ental $ nuda. ‘Perara
Oak. vesicaria 2-4 sp erma, SeMINA in org capsule inserta, eee
Decanvotte. Prodromus regni vegetabilis, Vol. I, p. 1
SPECIES. E CHRYSOGONUM, Fouts vinsaiects, ee ses-
silibus oyvali- Scab whic 3-5 fidis, b ariosis. Ibid.
_ CHARACTER OF THE GENUs, peak. SEPALS 6 (in the present
case varying from 3 to 6) without any bracteal scales. Petars 6,
each of their claws bearing a small scale on the inside, (in this in-
stance there is only a nectariferous pore.) CapsuLe bladdery with 2
to 4 seeds. SexEps attached to the bottom of the capsule, globose.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, LEONTICE cHRYSOGONUM. The
lower part of the stem forms a subterranean tuber, usually considered
as part of the root, about the size of a hazel nut, from the bottom ot
which the fibres forming the actual root proceed. From the upper
part of the tuber spring about 4 leaves, with long petioles, the limb
pinnately subdivided into 5 to 8 sets of segments, the uppermost gen-
erally in pairs, the others in fours and so arranged as to be semi-ver-
‘ticillate and nearly cruciate, giving the leaf a compound appearance ;
The segments cuneate, with the summits divided into 2 to 3 acute teeth,
the terminal one largest and more divided, glabrous, glaucous-green,
and mostly with a pale transverse band of purple. The scarious stipu-
lx at the base of the petiole are concealed beneath the ground. Scapr
branched, longer than the leaves, somewhat corymbose ; each pedicel
rising from the axil of a blunt scariose bract, one-flowered. FLower
golden yellow. Skrpats (in this specimen) 4 of unequal size, ovato-
lanceolate, very caducous, somewhat coloured. Prraxs 6, obovate,
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONs.
1, A Flower bud. 2, A transverse m of it; shewing the estivation lg a * Petal.
a5 Back of staen 5, Front of dio, Dit with the valves ofthe anber open
8, Section of ovary, shewing 2 ovules inside.
eroso-truncate, with short claws, on the inside of which near the base
is a nectariferous pore. STaMENs 6, with short filaments; the anthers
adnate, 2-celled, each cell bursting inwardly by a valve opening up-
wards. PisTm with a membranous one-celled ovary, the style short,
laterally attached. Strema dilated and crisped at the margin. OvuLES
(in this specimen) 2, erect, attached by funicular chords to a pedicel-
late receptacle. J. 8. HEnsiow.
Poputar AND Geocraputcat Notice. This plant is found in the
corn-fields of Greece and Asia Minor, and was noticed by Rauwolf so
long ago as the year 1573 as the “true Chrysogonum” of Dioscorides.
He describes it in a chapter of his travels the title of which it is thus
given in the translation by Ray. “A short and plain relation of plants
which I gathered during my stay at Halepo, in and round about it,
not without great danger and trouble, which I glued upon paper very
carefully.” We believe that no figure of it has been published within
the last century, but it has been represented five or six times in the
rude cuts of the early botanists between 1582 and 1714. Meyen has
separated this species from the rest of the Genus, under the name of
Bongardia Rauwolfii, on account of the want of the scale on the inside
of the petals, and the dilated stigma. But we are unwilling to admit
the validity of the former flicient generic character, since a similar
circumstance takes place in the genus Ranunculus; and we are not
sufficiently impressed with the importance of the latter to consider it
worth while to subdivide so small a genus as Leontice from this alone.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE Grown; CuLTurE. This specimen flow-
ered last March (1837), in the Botanic Garden, Cambridge, where
two of the tubers had been sent the previous August by Mr. Hunne-
man, with a note that they were the “ Bongardia Rauwolfii, from Persia;
~ made use of by the natives as an edible vegetable.” It grew about six
inches high, and should be potted in a sandy compost. A cool part
of the greenhouse is better suited to its early habit of vegetating than
the cold frame.
Derivation or tHE Names.
_ Leonrice, Ncovruen, a classical name of some plant; adopted by Linneus
instead of the ancient name of this species, Leontopetalum. CurysoconuM,
Xpveoc gold, yovu the knee, where bright yellow flowers spring from the fork or
knees © stem, scarcely applicable in the present case.
Synonymegs,
We can refer to no modern figure of this plant. Morrison: Plantarum his-
toria universalis, Vol. II, Sect. 3, tab. 15, fig. 7. give a rude representation of it.
: Plervece Clad toseo-cablesea fag.
* ae
MY Withers. wel.
~MEM'ULUS RO'SEO-CARDINALIS.
HODSON'S HYBRID MIMULUS.
EXOGENZ, ~ oR RODEY EE DOWER:
Natural division
to which ,
this Plant belongs
POROLLIFLOR®, Artificial divisions « i * “prpywamia,
re, Shia. to which ee ANGIOSPERMIA,
DAN DOLLE. ie Plant belongs. ! OF LINNEUS,
m9 muLvus. Livwevs. Caryx prismaticus. Cororta subcampa-
vs Mn tri-loba falebie Seasons Stiema — Jr: Dis:
pore latéribus cei. 3
HYBRID. Mim + Rosmo canara Henstow. Cave erecto, laxe
ramoso, piloso. Foci ‘oratis dentatis, basi connatis. Fionisvs axillaribus,
pedunculis su i tato. Coroxia superne’
acuta, bil r
OP THE Genus, Mimutvs. Catyx prismatical. Cor-
OLLA somewhat campanulate, two or three lobed, lobes nearly equal.
: Stiema of two plates or lamella. Dissepiments placentiferous at the
margins.
DescriPTION OF THE Hyprip Mimotus, Roseo-carpina.is.
At first sight, this Hybrid might be mistaken for a large and luxu-
riant form of Mimulus Roseus, with flowers nearly twice the size -
usually attained by those of that plant; but a careful comparison
of it with Mimulus Cardinalis (see Botanist, No.2) and Mimulus
Roseus, shews that it possesses many characters which place it inter-
mediate between these species. In general habit it approaches most
closely to Cardinalis, but the colour of the flowers, though of a darker
tint, is nearly the same asin Roseus.
The whole plant is covered with soft, glandular, and spreading pu-
bescence. Stems, three feet or more, with flowering branches for about
two-thirds of its height, (as in Cardinalis; whilst in Roseus the
branches are more sparingly produced, and the stem frequently nearly
simple) Leaves ovate, toothed, (more downy and more toothed than
in Roseus ; of a darker green, plane, and not inflexed, as in Cardina-
lis). INrLorEscence axillary, the peduncles about the same
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONs.
13, 1, The Corolla laid open, shewing the four didynamous stamens attached to its base.
2, The Pistil
length as the flower. (In Roseus they are generally rather shorter,
and in Cardinalis much longer) Catyx pentangular, five-toothed,
(exactly intermediate between that of Cardinalis and Roseus. In the
former, the teeth are about one-fourth the length of the Calyx,, and
in the latter, about one-sixth; whilst the angles in the sinuses of the
former are acute, and in those of the latter, right angles), spotted, with
purple above, but only faint traces of spots below. (In Cardinalis
the purple spots are distinct above and below; but in Roseus, there
are faint spots on the upper side only). Conor, Tube distinctly
longer than the Calyx, (In Cardinalis it is scarcely longer, and in
Roseus, distinctly longer), laterally compressed, and somewhat angu-
lar, or sub-carinate above, with three lobes or folds below (In Cardi-
nalis it is still more compressed, and sub-carinate, both above and be-
Jow. In Roseus it is not at all compressed, convex above, and with
three folds below). Limb bilabiate ; the upper lip composed of one
notched erect lobe, of which the laciniw are very slightly reflexed.
(Much the same in Roseus; but in Cardinalis the lacinie are com-
pletely bent back, so that their edges are brought close together). The
lower lip has three spreading lobes, of which the lowermost is largest,
and emarginate, and all are somewhat reflexed at the margins, which
are slightly laciniate, and clothed with villose ciliz. ( In Cardinalis, the
margins are much more. reflexed, irregularly laciniate, and have ciliz
only towards the bottom of the sinuses. In Roseus,the margins are even,
and nearly like those of the Hybrid. Throat bearded along two longi-
tudinally disposed lines, with the intermediate space tomentose). In
Roseus much the same; but in Cardinalis the beard is composed of
shorter and more succulent hair). Colour of a deep pink, with pur-
ple spots in the throat, some of which are more or less. confluent in
longitudinal lines. ( In Roseus, the colour is paler, the spots more
. distinct ; whilst in Cardinalis, the colour is scarlet, and the spots more
confluent, and forming several distinct lines). STaMENs didynamous,
attached to the base of the Corolla; the superior pair, a little shorter
than the inferior. The inferior pair slightly exserted; whilst in Ro-
seus they are just inserted. Filaments with a few purple spots; con-
nective succulent. Pistiz. Ovary cylindric, shorter than the style.
(In Cardinalis the style is about three times, and in Roseus twice as
long as the ovary). The style reaching beyond the stamens, com-
pressed towards the summit, and dilating into a bilabiate stigma.
The style and stigma remain green for a long time, and when they
wither, the ovules in all the specimens we examined turned brown
and withered also ; whereas, in both the parent species (as in other fer-
tile plants) the ovules begin to swell as soon as the stigma withers.
Popvtar AND GeocrapaicaL Notice. A regret has sometimes
been expressed at the production of hybrid plants, because they intro-
duce a certain degree of confusion and difficulty into our technical de-
scriptions and systematic arrangements. But surely the searcher after
truth, the philosophical investigato™of the works of nature, must
greatly rejoice at every fresh and striking result (however embarrassing
for the moment) which has been obtained by the judicious application
of a direct experiment. The more our experiments are multiplied,
and the more precautions we take in securing the accuracy of our re-
sults, the greater will be our chance of detecting those physiological
law swhich regulate the variations and restrictions in forms in different
species. One remarkable result, observable in the production of hy-
brid plants, is the uniform manner in which several of them refuse to
perfect their seed ; and if this character were constant in them all, we
should possess an excellent law for distinguishing hybrids from true
species. But it is now asserted that many hybrids do perfect their
seeds ; still an obvious question presents itself, whether we ought not
always to consider the parents of such hybrids really to belong to the
same species, however dissimilar they may be in external form, whilst
the parents of those which do not perfect their seed should be consid-
ered to be distinct. The evidence which has hitherto been adduced,
militates strongly against the existence of any such law, though we
may hardly allow it to be sufficiently complete and definite to have
completely settled the question. Besides the existence of certain hy-
brids which never produce ripe seeds, and of others which readily pro-
duce them, there are some which occasionally, but rarely, do so; and
such we find to be the case with the present plants. Professor Hen-
slow examined a great many of its ovaries in the Bury Garden, last
summer, (1837) in all of which the ovules were abortive, and Mr.
Hodson informed him at the time, that no perfect seeds had been pro-
duced ; but since then we have heard from Mr. Turner, (the gardener
in that establishment) that “a, few good seeds” have been produced.
We shall be anxious to learn whether plants have been raised from
these, and if so what are the forms which they assume. May we not
ask whether those hybrids which refuse to perfect their seed in one
climate, and under the combination of circumstances to which they
are now subjected in the present state of the earth’s surface, might not
in another climate, and under another combination of circumstances
than that at present existing, be rendered productive, and thus be en-
abled to assume the character of true species. If so, fresh light may
be thrown upon the remarkable fact with which geology has made us
acquainted, of a succession of perfectly distinct races of animals and
vegetables at different epochs of the world’s existence, each adapted to
some peculiar condition of our planet. Such a succession of different
races seems to require us to admit that there must either have been a
succession of fresh creations, or else such a marked transition between
the forms of existing species and those of their offspring, that we are
unable to recognize them any longer as specifically identical. These
. speculations are fraught with the deepest interest. They serve to im-
press us with some notions of the infinite distance at which the human
understanding lags behind the perceptions of the divine wisdom, and to
humble any petty conceits that we might be inclined to entertain of our
own limited powers. If there is a certain difficulty even in preparing a
mere technical description of the works of creation, as they may be seen
and handled by us, how much greater must be those difficulties which
we have to surmount, when we seek to enquire into those laws by which
the past has been altered into the present state of things; and to trace
the means by which organic beings have been framed, altered, and
adapted to the several changes to which the earth has been exposed.
Here we are trenching upon those paths of wisdom which possibly we
shall never in this life be able to penetrate to any great extent ; and of
which we must remain content to believe that “ God (alone) under-
standeth the way thereof, and he knoweth the place thereof. For he
looketh to the ends of the Earth, and seeth under the whole heaven.”
Job, 28 ch. 23 v.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTureE. Thisshowy plant may
be considered as a decided improvement upon the Mimulus Roseus.
It was obtained from the seeds of a plant of that species, which had
been fertilized by pollen from Mimulus Cardinalis. Many speci-
mens were raised in the Botanic Garden of Bury St. Edmunds, which
all resembled each other, and flowered for the first time, during the
summer of 1837. We are indebted to Mr. Hodson, the diligent and
intelligent director of the Garden, for the specimen here figured.
Derivation oF THE NAMEs,
Mimcetcs, from #ipw MIMO, a mon mkey,in allusion to the seeds, which resemble
the face of this animal. Rosro-carp1NaLis,a distinctive term, compounded of
the names of the two parent species. See the article, No. 385, Potentilla atro-
sanguinea-pedata, in Maund’s Botanic Garden
¢ Prema tesdea paemanda ee SP Withers det
IPOMA’A RU'BRO-C@RULEA.
-REDDISH-BLUE sia nace
EXOGEN 4, DICOTYLEDONE &.
ge division
hich
this oe ee
COROLLIFLORZ, Sx ‘(| Artificial divisions PENTANDRIA,
: to which MONOGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE. ‘i this Plant belongs, oF LINNEUS.
No. 52.
GENUS. Ipvomaa, Jaceviy. Catyx 5-partitus, nudus. Coroira cam-
panulata vel infundibuliformis, 5-plicata. Ovarium 2-3- loculare, sep dis-
ermis. Srvxus indivisus. Sriema capitatum,23-lobum. Capsura 2-3-locu
laris. Rozzrr Brown. Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandiz
SPECIES. Iromzs ruBRro-c@rvuLes. Hooker. Gish) foliis longe petio-
latis profunde cordatis brevi-acuminatis. Pepuncutis 3-4-floris incrassatis sub-
racemosis. Catrycts glabri laciniis (parvis) erectis appressis lineari-subulatis
albo-marginatis. Corotta ampla infundibuliformis, limbo 5-angulato angulis
mucronatis, stigmate bilobo. Hooxzr. Botanical Magazine, folio 3297.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, IPoOMm#A., CALYX 5-parted, naked.
Corotza campanulate or funnel-shaped, 5-plaited. Ovary 2-3-cel-
led, cells 2-seeded. Sty.e entire. Sriema capitate, 2-3-lobed.
Capsute 2-3-celled.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, IPOMMA RUBRO-C@RULEA. STEM
twining, smooth, tinged with purple, with rounded herbaceous branches.
Leaves alternate, membranous, light-green, markedly cordate, having
a deep sinus at the base, shortly but acutely pointed, entire, wavy,
veined, ~ 9 petioles about equal in length to the leaves. Pr-
. INFLORESCENCE somewhat race-
ed, segments ail lineari-sub
purple colour, with a whetah margin. Coroxta, before expansion,
white at the base, becoming red towards the upper part, but when the
flower is fully expanded, changing to a fine purplish or blue colour,
5-angled, 5-plaited; angles mucronate. Stamens 5; filaments une-
qual in length, hairy at the base, attached to the lower part of the tube.
Antuers oblong, yellow. Ovary oblong. Sry e slender. Stiema
2-lobed.
Poputar aND Grocrapnicat Notice. The present species,
which is regarded as one of the finest of the genus, is a native of Gua-
naxuato, in Mexico. The disposition which it possesses in common
with many species of the tribe, to extend itself by climbing, is but im-
perfectly displayed in our stoves, compared with the freedom of range
which it enjoys in its own country. One species of Convolvulus an al-
lied genus in the Caraccas was trained 5,000 feet in six months ; which
shews the extraordinary activity of the vital principle, when stimulated,
and ministered to, by = — i of scat: gece within the
tropics. The chang of this and
many other plants, is one of the most curious and interesting phoenome-
na, effected by the chemistry of nature. However varied the hues or
brilliant the colours of flowers may be, there is originally no difference
between these parts and the most unadorned portion of the plant: “for
such colours do not exist in their primitive state, but are communica-
ted, as it were, to vegetation, by its own act. The tissue of plants is
in itself completely colourless, of a silvery white (as may be seen in
the pith of the elder, or petals of the white camellia), or of an exceed-
ingly pale yellow; the matters contained in the cells, are with a few
exceptions, of the same hue: but all is changed, when they are once
exposed to solar light.” The sunlight enables them to decompose
carbonic acid, and form a peculiar principle called chromule, which
has the property of combining with variable quantities of oxygen. “ It
is therefore probable that all the various colours of flowers with the
exception of certain special cases, depend in general upon the various
degrees of oxygenation of their chromule.” See more extended ob-
servations on this subject translated from Decandolle, in Library of
Useful Knowledge. Botany, p. 120.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTurE. The seeds were trans-
mitted from Mexico about 1831, by Mr. Samuel Richardson (an offi-
cer of the Anglo-Mexican Mining association) to'J. D. Powles, Esq.
of Stamford Hill, by whom they were liberally distributed. The
plant from which our drawing was made, flowered in the stove of
Robert Barclay, Esq. of Layton, Essex; and we were obligingly sup-
plied with specimens of the same variety of a more purple hue, by
W. Taylor Copeland, Esq. M.P. of Layton. It requires the usual
treatment of the stove species of Ipomea. Flowers in October.
spe or THE NAMEs.
Troma, from I7ro¢ C 1 and ¢ similar, from closely emer
the genus siivolvnian patetdeechrr from ruber, red, and coeruleus, bl
from the two hues of the flower at different periods of its expansion.
SynonyMEs.
Troma RUBRO-ca@RULEA, Hooker, in Botanical Magazine, folio 3297.
‘ i X.,
my
“Ww pe
7) :
RG OL a OD olotedia P
AES Withers: dal.
| ooo ODORATA.
SWEET-SCENTED RONDELETIA.
EXOGENZE, DICOTYLEDONES.
cage once
this Plant cay
NATURAL ORDER, RUBIACE.
CALYCIFLOR&, Artificial divisions PENTANDRIA,
oF to which MONOGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE. this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS.
No. 53.
BOREBEE TTD Ae | erage a a tubus subglob , limbus
45 pastel, lobis oblo persistentibus.
ngis | ~ Cor tubo
cylindrico vix apice subventricoso, abe patente 4-5-lobo, lobis aaadonili
anther ape in apice tubi inc’ cluse penailes. Stiema bifidum. Capsvta globosa ~
alyce coronata bilocularis, p i valvulas 2 sepius apice fissas,
dni fae “A-valvis videtur, loculicid i a ens. PLACEN
tx centrales. Sem xa plurima minima ovato-a: angulata, sx é 2 tantum in to.
culo maturescentia. Whee zLE. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis s Regni V.
getabilis, pars IV, p. 406.
SPECIES. Ronperetta oporata. Jaceuvin. Foliis vix _petiolatis ovatis
aut subcordatis ee supra sparsé scabris, subtus ioribus in ner-
vis tanttm scabris, corymbis terminalibus. Ibid, p. 408.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, RONDELETIA. TuBE of the CaLyx
subglobose, limb 4 or 5 parted, lobes oblong, or linear, acute, and per-
sistent. Tuse of the Coroxa cylindrical, very slightly ventricose at
the apex, limb spreading, 4-5 lobed, lobes roundish. Anthers 4-5, in-
cluded within the apex of the tube, sessile. Stiema two-cleft. Cap-
suLE globose, crowned by the calyx, two-celled, dehiscing from the
apex into 2 valves, which are frequently cleft at the top, which gives
the appearance as if it were 4-valved. DEHISCENCE, generally loculi-
cidal, seldom septicidal. PiacenT# central. SeEps numerous, ovate,
angular, of which often two only ripen in a cell.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, RONDELETIA ODORATA. A Sarvs,
(in its native country, about 5 feet high), branched, branches round,
rugose, the younger ones villose. Leaves opposite, shortly petiolate,
ovate, or ovate-elliptical, obtuse, the younger acute, rounded at the
base, entire, reticulately veined, the primary veins and middle nerve
prominent on the under side, leathery, hispid or rough, with hairs on
the upper side, which is of a deep green, the under surface paler,
REFERENCE TO THE DissECTIONS.
ie nw. Pal 71. %.23 E *, .7 4b Fad 4, u £ 3 24%.2 $4, po % 3, The Pistil.
~ and only slightly hairy. STIpuLes interpetiolar, ovate, acuminate,
pilose, erect, scarcely longer than the petioles. PEepDUNCLES terminal
and axillary, opposite, disposed in a terminal panicle, which is dicho-
tomous, and villose. FLowers shortly petals CaLyx superior,
five-parted, pilose, segments linear, equal, sprea Coro..a‘hy-
pocrateriform, flesh-coloured, externally clothed with silky hair; tube
cylindrical, swelling towards the apex, twice the length of the calyx ;
limb five-cleft, spreading, segments roundish, equal, internally smooth
and orange-coloured; throat devoid of hairs. Sramens 5, inserted into
the throat, scarcely protruding. FrtaMents slender,smooth. AN-
THERS oblong-linear, smooth, attached to the back, two-celled, dehis-
cing by a longitudinal dehiscence. Ovary inferior, somewhat pear-
shaped, with silky hairs. Sryxe, the length of the tube. Sriama
two-cleft. CapsuLe globose, crowned with the persistent calyx.
PopuLtaR AND GeocRAPHICAL Notice. All the species which
are entitled to rank under the genus Rondeletia, that we are at pre-
sent acquainted with, are natives of America and the West Indies,
with the adjacent Islands. This species is found in Cuba, near the
town of Havannah, on bush-covered rocks, near the sea, and occasion-
ally onthe naked rock itself. Under the powerful influence of the tro-
pical sun, it evolves a sweet odor, but this, in plants in our stoves,
so faint, as scarcely to be perceptible. An odorous principle is of
frequent occurrence in the members of this tribe, of which the beauti-
ful Luculia gratissima, in our preceding number is an instance.
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GROWN; CULTURE. Sent to the Messrs.
Loddiges, in 1830, by Wm. Sharpe M° Leay, Esq. The plant from
which our drawing was made, flowered in the stove of the Messrs. Lod-
diges, at Hackney, in October, 1836. It is entirely a stove plant, and
cannot bear exposure to cold, even in summer. In a compost of
sandy loam and peat it will grow vigorously. When increase is re-
quired, cuttings may be struck in clear white sand, under a bell glass,
which should be wiped occasionally.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMEs.
RonDELerT1A, in compliment to Guillaume Rondelet, a physician, and author
of sen on Algw, and Fishes. Oporata, odorous, from the fragrance of the
flow
ee
RONDELETIA ODORATA. agen Stirpes REST p. 59 Linneus.
Species 1,671. — Botani sh teats Folio 1905. tanical Cabinet.
RonDELETIA speciosa, is an erroneous Nursery name.
(i :
Cyonoches : BERL Divode. u Mie Fay lon: tel
CYCNO’CHES VENTRICO'SUS.
_"" VENTRICOSE CYCNOCHES.
ENDOGENZ, “3 MONOCOTYLEDONES.
Natural division
to which
this plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, ORCHIDACE.
GYN. ce aime {i a. GYNANDRIA,
ich MONANDRIA,
robe: io Plant ‘alae or LINNEUS.
No. 54.
GENUS. Cycnocnes. Linvprey. PERIANTHIUM explanatum. Srp
lateralia lanceolata, basi paululum sub labello connata; supremo suigtialicte
Peraza latiora, falcata, decurva. LaBELLUM polio: eealeara aratum, columna
continuum, lanceolatum. integerrimum, ungue abru alloso. CoLumMNa
25 OR sae teres, apice clavata, auriculis aber seas atis ad latera cli-
andrii. ANTH bilocularis. Poxxinia 2, posticé suleata, subpedicellata,
caudicula sae ete dul grossi. LinpLey, Genera and species of Orchi-
ideous Plants, p. 154.
SPECIES. Cyrcnocnes vENTRIcosts. SeEpatis petalisque lanceolatis acu-
minatis reflexis, labello integro ventricoso acuminato, basi calloso, ungue bre-
yi; columna arcuata sepalo supremo duplo breviore. Barzman. Orchidacer
of ‘Mexico and Guatemala, pl. 5
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, CYCNOCHES. PERIANTH spread
out. Sepats lateral, lanceolate, slightly united at the base under
the lip ; upper sepal narrower. Perraxs broader than the sepals, fal-
cate, curved downwards. Lip free, without a spur, continuous with
the column, lanceolate, entire, claw abrupt, callous. Coxtumn elon-
gated, arched, round, club-shaped at the point, with two faleate auri-
cles at the sides of the clinandrium. ANTHER two-celled. PoLien-
MASSES two, furrowed behind, on a short pedicel, the tail linear, gland
large.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, CYCNOCHES VENTRICOSUS. An
epiphyte. Stems about a foot high, fleshy, slightly compressed, pro-
ducing 5 or 6 lanceolate, acute, plaited leaves, of which the superior
are the longest; these, after the flowering season, fall off, when the stem
becomes shorter, and more swollen, and then is marked by longitudi-
nal lines, as well as the horizontal contractions at the points whence
the leaves fell. INFLORESCENCE racemose ; racemes proceeding from
the axils of the upper leaves, sometimes two or more at one time, but
more frequently in succession ; each raceme bears about five flowers,
which open simultaneously, and continue expanded about three days.
The racemes are at first horizontal, but are afterwards recurved by the
“tis
weight of the flowers, which are, consequently, always seen in an in-
verted position. FLowers of a yellowish green. SEpats lanceolate,
acuminate, the upper one being rather narrower, and the lateral ones
slightly unguiculate. Petats broader than the sepals, curved down-
wards. Lip somewhat heart-shaped, very much swollen on the upper
side, hollow beneath, of the purest white, communicating with the co-
lumn by a short claw, which, at its junction with the base of the lip,
presents a black callosity. CoLumn round, and club-shaped, only
half the length of the upper sepal, and at-its extremity bearing two
small faleate horns, which guard the anther. CapsuLe very large,
oblong, bearing innumerable minute seeds.
Poputar anD GeoGcrapHicaL Notice. This remarkable plant,
“simillima cyeno” is a native of Guatemala, and was discovered in
the asc lea) of acini by ne pais cise ee us cel
Skinner. F.
to some members of the animal kingdom, it dis reserved for this ge-
nus, to present the likeness of a swan, which is more observable in the
Se FSROSES Searels a aki of Surinam, than in the present plant.
To discover th , in both species, to reverse the
flowers, which bowiver.; is only rato them to their original posi-
tion. The observation of these singular forms excites the mind to en-
quire, what is the object of their formation. This enquiry however,
cannot at present end in a satisfactory result, unless we look upon
them as designed perhaps chiefly to vary the mantle with which the
Author of all has covered the surface of our globe.—
“For not to use alone did goat
Abound, but large example gav an.
Of grace, and ornament, and elections rich,
Tn bird, beast, a hy winged and creeping thing,
In herb, and flow
InrRopDUCTION; WHERE Grown; CuLTure. It was first received
in Britain, in 1832, sent by Mr. Skinner, to James Bateman, Esq., of
Knipperslay Hall. Our plant flowered in August, 1837, in the stove
of Messrs. Loddiges. The mode of culture is the same as for that of
Dendrobium, already detailed under No. 5.
DerivaTion OF THE NaMES.
CycyocuEs. Swanwort, from cicvoc, aswan, and avynyv, a neck, in allusion
to the graceful curve of the ‘column of this plant, which resembles a swan’s neck.
Ventricosvs. turgid, or swelling, from the swollen appearance of the upper
side of the lip. a
SyNONYMEs.
Cresoc HES VENTRIcOsUs. Bateman. Orchidace® of Mexico and Guatemala,
io
—
\CONSISTING oF
Neigh hgh ain Leslie
OF TENDER “AND HARDY
(ose L “Plants nts;
J) as
3 2 IF
2 Moat sa te B a
lid Lo ued Jong
Apalalloctivul Ganlifldaie
a
CONDUCTED BY B. i i F.1L.S-
AsSiIs TED
THE REY J.S5. HENSLOW, M.ALF.L.S.
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTANY
HE WIVERSL
=< OF bs aemeammieasl me
| ay <
THE
BOTANIST: va
CONTAINING
ACCURATELY COLOURED FIGURES
OF TENDER AND HARDY
ORNAMENTAL PLANTS,
DESCRIPTIONS, SCIENTIFIC AND POPULAR; INTENDED TO CONVEY
BOT ORAL AND INTELLECTUAL GRATIFICATION.
CONDUCTED wit B. woop cat F. = S.
BY THE REV. J. 5. HENSLOW, M.A. F. L. 8. &c. ke
REGIUS PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.
o The “a. a 4a h as 4 1g + - 22. Infinite Wisdom
3 7 Stoolt J. +: +
‘its screatures, } loft hei
ei
*
be”
mate E. Sueve :
VOL. IL. :
Mo. Bot. Garden,
1896. .
PUBLISHED BY R. GROOMBRIDGE Sonlight ROW, W. WHIT
Co. EDINBURGH; ROBERTSON AND CO. DU
RIS; HAUMAN
LIN; M, GALIG “bore
agi CO. BRU esses AND JACK KSON,
EW YOR
INDEX
TO THE SECOND VOLUME
THE BOTANIST.
Systematic Name. English Name. Na.
Acacia longifolia, ............Long-leaved Acacia, Lt
Acrophyllum venosum, ,......,Veined Acrophyllum emired mx pee 95 |
Agapanthus umbellatus, ..,.., White-flowered heey. eon edb —
— Manglesii, ..,...Mr. Mangles’s Anigozanthus, ...... or
hocercis viscosa ..++++++++ Glutinous AERTS cishiaew es geegte, eo
arate CLHOSA,: wes cts exes bie rin, mare Aristolochia, 96 ——
* Barbacenia purpurea, ... flowered Barbacenia, .».+.,64-—
Boronia pinnati,,. eee ¢+ cece gis pee scented Boronia, »..+.++ ae =
Bossiea linophylla,,.....+++++»Flax-leayed Bossiea, ne
Bossiza rufa,
Rufous Bossixa, 8] ~
Calochortus albus, ............ White Calochortus, 98 —~
Candollea Cunninghamii,......Mr. Cunningham’s Candollea,......85 ~~
come _ ws e's 00 Fb fick pial OE NE CC OLDEMOR, 'si6 Ss oi ven s see's so
orea Long-bracted Chlorea, ........».94 {{¢
Chorozema contntor, or eves vitenen leaved ratte San SE ae. su
CHUNGE TUDIE, ivi cdi vcs. os Pink Rowered ONO, inc .s6 yss0ss88 >
ae
Cycnoches ventricosus, ,....... Ventricose Cycnoches, .... svenees so OP Wee A
Cypripedium insigne, ita aseiree kable Cypripedium, ........56
Dahlia excelsa, ee Dahlia, ss-——
Dipodium punctatum, .... one hoot Dipodiam, 66
stoi nivalis, Pes ateeeeee se Showy ee ‘ ne
1 Eptsiediam,; | Bee
Suphorbia jacquinielloré: Bs Facquinis lowered Euphorbia, ....100 —
Euphorbia punicea, ..........Crimson-flowered Euphorbia,...... i a
Fuchsia pewins evi towers cs Brilliant Fuchsia, ia
Gesnera rupestri Rocky Gesn go}: + 1 el
rupe
Hardenbergia sesh ..»+One-leaved Hardcabersis evevess Ot
Systematic Name. English Nam @. Hf Fe
Helichrysum macranthum, ....Large-flowered etichiyetil, sees a AR, ,
Hovea purpurea,,........+....Purple-flowered Hovea, v0 2 eT: eo te
Tpomeea rubro-cerulea, ,.......Reddish-blue Ipomeea, .,.....00¢+-92 “a ‘
Justicia speciosa, ............Shewy Justicia, a=
— dya Marryattiana, .....,Mrs, Marryatt’s Kennedya, ........83-~ =
aria spherica, ............Ruscus-leaved Liparia,........-++-977 ub
lia ramos ranching Lobelia, ......++e00+++93 ve
nec sontifotie; ooseeeces, Heart-leaved Manstis,, See0e sve ste Bbag
en —— +s eeeeesees Crested Maxillaria, 8°S
Hodson’s hybrid Stitruchus, fe eas
Pimelea lanata, .....+..+++..+ Woolly Pimelea, 61 ae
Platystemon senna -...Californian Platystemon,.....-.++-65 ——
Poinsettia pulcherrima,.......,Most beautiful Poinsettia, ......- 79
Poinsettia puldbiecriians sees Showy poinsettia, ......eeeeeeee eT
ortulaca Gilliesii, ..........Dr. Gillies’ Portulaca, ....s00000+078 7
Quisqualis canes Indian Quisqualis,,......+... a
Rondeletia odora ted Rondeletin, « ieee "53 VI &
omens Seainge teseweeses.. Woolly Sstiwais
araxis pendula, .......ec000 Pendalous-lowered Sparaxis, ......62—~
Rese ae
Thunbergia grandiflora,
Telopea, wire :
-.++-.Large-flowered Thunbergia,.. sevees
Tweedia cewrulea, ............Blue-flowered Tweedia, ....400000557
Verbena Tweedieana, ........Mr, Tweedie’s Vervain,.. sssevs++++60 ~
Se ee. Dee Ge ea Ue er. Ok ea
THE DICTIONARY,
A — of which is given with each Number of So ties ty as published monthly,
forms a separate V.
THE GUIDE E
A part of which is likewise annexed to each Number, also forms a separate Volume.
d to the Numbers comprised in this
lah "
¢ Leeedei etorestea ‘s
—
Mite 2 Mawrid, da,
TWEEDIA CHRULEA.
mage TWEEDIA.
EXOGNE, j DICOTYLEDONE
n= y- wy
NATURAL ORDER, ASCLEPIADACE® :
COROLETFLORE, & Ge ers i st PENTANDRIA,’
to pn oy ae eae
vavipaonEn: this Plant belongs. LINNEU:
No. 55.
GENUS. Twrrpra. Hooxer and Arnorr. Conorra rotata, 5-partita:
corona simplex, —, folielis lignlatis, integris, i as revolutis, basi auri-
eile Gynostemium 5-angulare, pyramidatum THERE membrana ter-
inate. Masse pollinis ex apice loculi phadule, date, pedicello utroque
unidentato; glandula lineari, obtus4, erect4, hine canaliculata. TIGMATA
acuta. Foxzicunt leaves. Srmina comosa. D. Don, in Sweet's British Flower
Garden, folio 407
SPECIES. Resi cervuLEs. Don. Cavre volubili, tomentoso; foliis
oppositis cordato-oblongis. Ibid.
CHARACTER OF THE Genus, Twrepia. Coroxia rotate, 5-
parted; corona simple, 5-leaved, folioles ligulate, entire, revolute at
the apex, auricled at the base. GyNosTEMium 5-angled, pyramidical.
ANTHERS terminated by a membrane. PoLLEN-masses pendulous
from the top of the cell, clavate, each pedicel one-toothed: gland li-
near, obtuse, erect, channelled. StT1emas acute. FoLioLes smooth.
SEEDS comose.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Sprcies, TWEEDIA C@RULEA. A peren-
nial evergreen plant, with fibrous roots, and herbaceous or somewhat
woody twining slender stem, attaining the height of 6 feet, scarcely
branching; the whole surface, except the upper lamina of the corolla,
clothed with downy whitish hairs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, cor-
date, lanceolate, entire slightly pointed, from one and a half to two
inches long, half an ineh broad; posterior lobes rounded, approximat-
ing or overlapping,
RESCENCE umbellate, nterpetiolar, umbels 3-5 flowered. PEDUN-
curs longer than the leaves; pedicels slender, about half an inch
long, with two awl-shaped bracts at the base. Caryx 5-parted, seg-
ments lanceolate, acute, hairy externally, smooth internally. Co-
ROLLA rotate, 5-parted, under surface pinkish, upper light blue, the
a 0 THE neers
1, Corolla open, Seed vessel, two-thirds of its natural size,
opened to show tse ach crownel coma or sky th compan ofsingl omy arpa
14, tubes, of variouslengthsup
base having five nectariferous cavities; segments elliptico-oblong,
scarcely pointed ; corona simple, of five segments, which are ligulate
obtuse, fleshy, revolute at the apex. Stamens 5, forming a mona-
delphous tube around the styles ; filaments membranous; anthers yel-
low, terminated by a broad, oval, retuse, membranous appendix.
Po.ieNn-masses club-shaped, compressed, amber-coloured, pendu-
lous; each pedicel having a sharp recurved tooth. GLanp linear, ob-
tuse, erect, channelled externally, of a chocolate colour, shining, longer
than the pollen-masses. GyNosTEMium 5-angled, the apex prolonged,
conical, white; angles blunt, orange-coloured. Ovaries 2, smooth,
swelling. Styzies short. Stiemas compressed, acute.
Poputar anp GrocrapnmicaL Notice. This highly ornamental’
plant was discovered by Mr. Tweedie, at Tucuman, in South Ame-
rica. In addition to the beauty of its flowers, which are displayed
from April till August, their colour merits attention, as the hue which
they present is of rare occurrence in this tribe, though frequent in the
allied one of the Apocynacer, (of which the Vinca or periwinkle is
an example), yet a similar colour exists in the Marsdenia tinctoria,
growing in Silhet, in the East Indies, where it yields an excellent in-
digo, and it is not improbable that indigo might be procured from this
Tweedia. The Gymnema tingens, has also blue flowers, and is used
in dying. The Nerium tinctorium, (Réottler), now Wrightia tinctoria
(R. Brown), among the Apocynacex, is preferable for cultivation in
India, as a source of ‘indigo, to any Indigofera, (See Royle’s Illustra-
tions of the Flora of the Himalaya, p. 270). Sir W. J. Hooker re-
gards this genus Tweedia as allied to Metastelma; Prof. Don, to
Sarcostemma, which last has the corona double.
Inrropuction ; WHERE GRowN; CuLrurr. Seeds were sent by
Mr Tweedie, in 1835, to Mr. Niven, of the Glasnevin Garden, Dub-
lin, to whom we are indebted, for the opportunity of publishing this de-
sirable novelty, as well as for the following information. “The
seeds were sown on a smart bottom heat ; Ferow it in flat seed
pans, filled with sandy loam, and a little peat, trained to a mat trellis in
a sunny exposed situation in the stove. The effect of its lovely sky-
blue flowers, when so managed is beautiful in the extreme. It may
be propagated by seeds or cuttings.”
DeERIvation OF THE ; Names.
Tweepis. Justly named in mone to Mr. Tweedie, its disc
Ceerulea, blue, the colour of the go ‘ sabre
NONYMEs.
TWEEDIA C@ERULEA "Yen ;in Saati British Flower Garden, fol. 407.
TWEEDIA VERSICoLOR. Hooker, i in Botanical Magazine, folio, 3630.
CYPRIPE’ DIUM INSIG’ ee
REMARKABLE € ighectrag F
ENDOGEN2, Restor voss ait
( Natural division
to which ‘
1 this p!ant belongs, y
NATURAL ORDER, ORCHIDACE,
GYNANDROSE, Sagan divisions GYNANDEIA,
oF to which ioe | DIANDRIA,
LINDLEY. | this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS.
No. 56.
GENUS. Cyrnirspivm. ss alan Perigonii patente foliola exteriora
ennremn
forme, quinquinerve; interiora angustiora. Lasencem maximum inflatum eal.
ceiforme. 5 ye — A on Pees, apice trifida, lobis jateralibus. subi enthe:
riferis, i eo-dilatato. ANTHER# loculis retis subbi-
valves. Potten pace gramaosen, Srrema deltoideum, sirken faciem in-
fra antheras oceupans. Caprsuza unilocularis, mete parietalibus tribus,
Semina plurima, stokiiocmias Brewed Genera Plantarum, p. 220.
SPECIES. Cyprirepium 1nsicnNE. -WaLLicn. pcan foliis pee
cs bara seuyo se ont dimidio brevioribus sperianthii incinia superiore irate
roinatal » infe
riore labello venoso basi inflexo paulo longiore. Linpiry. Collectanea Bot-
anica :
CHARACTER OF THE GeNus, CypripeDIuM. The external folioles
of the spreading perigone (perianth of some writers) lateral, one-ner-
ved, hid by the Jabellum (or lip), free or united, the upper uniform, 5-
nerved: internal folioles narrower. Lup large, inflated, slipper-shaped
Cotumn short, nodding, 3-cleft at the apex, the lateral lobes antheri-
ferous below, the central one sterile, dilated and petal-like. ANTHERS
with the cells distinct, nearly two-valved. Pow.en pultaceously
granular. Stiema deltoid, occupying the face of the column below the
anthers. CaPsuLE one-celled with 3 parietal placente. Sxreps nu-
merous, resembling grains of dust.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE. Fcc
ceous, stemless, Leaves radical, few, equitant at the base, distichous,
cartilaginous, ligulate, one half shorter than the flower stem or
scape, keeled on the under surface, glabrous, of a yellowish green
colour. Scare round, pilose, nearly a foot long, curved down-
wards at the upper part, where it is furnished with an ovately-oblong,
green, smooth, compressed spatha. FLower terminal, solitary, of con-
siderable size, from 3 to 4 inches wide. Outer segments of the peri-
anth 3, (but apparently only two, the lower being formed of two co-
hering ) broadly ovate, or rounded ; the lower entirely green, the up-
per green, but whitish towards the top, the surface with numerous
brown spots. INNER SEGMENTS two, lateral, spreading, oblong, be-
coming wider towards the extremity, yellowish green, traversed by
purple lines, connected by the transverse bars. Lip large, saccate,
reddish green externally, internally yellow. CoLumn short, having at
its extremity a large lobe, which is yellow, obversely-heart-shaped,’and
slightly convex, glandular below, covered with minute reddish hairs
above: beneath this, towards the base, are two filaments, each bearing
one anther. AnrTHERs yellow, sessile, two-lobed. Lopes somewhat
unequal. |
PopuLar anp GeoerapnicaL Notice. This species of one of the
most shewy of the genera of orchidaceous plants, is native of a part of
the world, where few of the genus have hitherto been found: Dr. Wal-
lich discovered it in Nepaul, whence Cypripedium venustum was sent
by the same botanist, constituting with Cypripedium purpuratum,
more recently brought from the Malayan Archipelago, a small tropical
section of a genus, the majority of species of which he found in the
temperate and colder parts of the northern hemisphere. Even Britain
can exhibit one species, Cypripedium calceolus (Lasies' ee)
Many are found in North America.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GRowN; CuLturRe. It was sent by Dr.
Wallich to the late Mr. Sheppard of Liverpool, about 1822. The
plant whence our drawing was made flowered in the inexhaustible
collection of the Messrs. Loddiges. It grows ina pot of very light sandy
peat, placed on a stage. Like many other plants from Nepaul and
the more northern parts of India, it by no means requires a high tem-
perature. \ It may be kept in the conservatory, or even havé the pot
sunk in the open ground, during the sammer months, without endan-
gering its existence, or impairing the freeness of its flowering.
DERIVATION Or THE Names.
Cyrripepivm, from cuxpic Cyprus, one of the names of Venus; and wodtoy
nediom,a slipper Station distinguisher, being one of the most remarkable of
bia: SyNonyMEs.
CyrrireDIvUM IxstGNE. Wallich Mss. Lindley Collectanea Botanica, t. 32.
Hooker Exotic Flora, t. 34. Loddiges’ Cabinet, t. 1321. Botanical pectin
?
Slat ln borgen rnonof ‘ya ‘
MB hed
HARDENBER'GIA MONOPHYL'LA.
Variety: longiracemosa.
EXOGENZE. DICOTYLEDONEZ.
Natural division
to which
this Plant an
NATURAL ORDER, LEGUMINOSAE,
(3, j Artificial divisions DIADELPHIA,
WEY to which DECANDRIA,
this Plant belongs, OF LINNEUS,
No. 84.
CALYCIFLORA,
OF
DECANDOLLE.
NUS. Harpenpercta. BENTHAM. Catyx campanulatus, breviter
quinquedentatus, subbilabiatus. Cororr® vexillum orbiculatum integrum
vel breviter emarginatum basi ee ee unguiculatum, alis longi-
e
press isthmis cellulosis submultiloculare. Semrna_strophiolata.
riereds Serer Australassici sepius glabri. ob pinnatim trifoliolata vel
unifvliolata, foliolis stipellatis. Stipv_# et bracteew minutz, pedunculi axil
lares,multifiori. Prpicettiebracteolati. CatycEs ‘glabri. CoroLL® |
vel violacee. Bznr#am in the Annalen des Wiener Museum v. 2, p. 124.
SPECIES. Harpensercia MonopHYLLA. BentrHam. Fo tis unifoliol
tis, foliolo lanceolato vel oblongo, basi subcordato, racemis petiolo meio and
gioribus.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS HarpenBureia. Catyx bell-shaped,
with 5 short-teeth, slightly two-lipped. STanparp of the corolla or-
bicular, entire or slightly emarginate, without any appendages to the -
base and with a very short claw, longer than the wings. Wines ob- ao
liquely obovate-oblong. Kerex adhering to the wings beyond the.
middle and shorter than them, curved and blunt at the extremity.
Stamina distinctly diadelphous, the free stamen arnighs ae pot ar-
ticulated. Ovary with severa Poviles. Style short, ascen
late. Strema capitate usually with a short tuft of ha
linear, flattened, almost divided into. several |
stance. SEEpDs with a strophiola.
Description oF THE SpectEs HARDENBERGIA MONOPHYLLA. A
‘ligneous climber, smooth in all its parts. Brancues slender, rather
stiff and somewhat angular. Leaves alternate. STIpULES mem-
branaceous, brown, ovato-lanceolate, pointed, al lineslong. Prti-
oes from half an inch to an inch and a half long, bearing a single
leaflet, at the base of which are two minute stipelle. LEAFLET lance-
olate or oblong, blunt at the extremity, with a minute point at the end
of the midrib, truncated or somewhat heartshaped at the base, coria-
ceous and very much reticulated on both sides. RacEmes axillary
or terminal, varying much in length, but always considerably longer
than the petioles, and many flowered. Prprcets one flowered, gener-
ally two together from the same point, with minute bractez at the base,
Bracreou# wanting. Catyx bell-shaped, pale green, with five short
teeth, of which the two upper are joined together into a sort of upper
lip. Perrats in the ordinary variety of a deep blue, in that now fig-
ured of a reddish lilac. Sranparp patent or bent back, nearly orbi-
cular, emarginate at the top, and contracted at the base into a short
stalk, marked in the centre with a double green spot. Wines and
keel borne on longer stalks and darker coloured than the standard.
Leeume linear, compressed, smooth, generally about an inch long,
Popuar anD GeoerapnicaL Notice. Hardenbergia, a group
separated from the old genus Kennedya, contains six species of climb-
. ers, all found in extra-tropical Australia, all of them very much alike
in general appearance and colour of the flowers, and all highly orna-
mental from the great profusion of their flowers when under proper
treatment, and next to the Zichyas, they form the handsomest of the
groups of which the old genus Kennedya consisted, and which are still
known under that name in our gardens.
As this dividing of Kennedya may probably be the occasion of
a repetition of the complaint against botanists, that they are con-
tinually changing the names of plants, it may not be out of place to
add here a few remarks on the principles which have guided those who
have made really useful changes ; and by which, however much they
may have been lost sight of by many an aspirant to botanic fame or
notoriety, the validity-of any proposed alterati h
ll
ever be tested.
The name under which a plant was first published, commencing
from the time of Linneus, should not be altered except in the follow-
ing cases : =
1. Unless it be preoccupied by another plant. :
2. Unless it be the name of a genus to which the plant does not in
fact belong.
3. Unless the progress of science render it expedient to divide the’
genus. .
4. It has also been contended by some,
that where the name of a
plant has been preoccupied by Zoologists
it ought to be changed;
but since the great increase in the number of genera, both in Zoology
and Botany, has rendered an extensive study of both sciences by the
same individual almost impossible, this evil can scarcely ever now be
corrected without producing still greater confusion.
5. Others again, without sufficient reason, have proposed to dis-
card certain names because they were contrary to the Linnean canons;
and this has been done more especially for the sake of euphony. But
this, in the present day, would lead to interminable alterations ; for
what is considered harsh in one language is often not so in another,
and botanical nomenclature is made for the whole scientific world,
not for any one nation. Thus the Russian Kraschennisiikovia, the
Polish Andrzejowskia, the German Kirsch liegeria, Schwenkfeldia,
or Escholtzia, which sound so awful to og are gor pi me a
respective authors when compa ed to our
Sedgwichia, Matthewsia. Chases therefore for mere enn are a
to be deprecated.
It is under the sanction of the third of these cases—viz. the subdi-
vision of genera, that the most frequent alterations are made, and it is
here that the imperfection of human capacity will éver lead to variation
and uncertainty. Wherever, as the science advances and the number
of species increases, the expediency of breaking up a genus is very
evident, if undertaken by a competent author, the result of his labour
is usually at once adopted, and but little inconvenience follows; but
unfortunately, it is now very much the custom for young and inex-
perienced botanists to commence their career by splitting up old gen-
era into groups, which they establish on arbitrary principles; others
then refuse to accede to the alterations, and so every species acquires
two or more names, until nothing but confusion ensues, which the
true botanist regrets sincerely though the remedy be out of his power.
The subdivision of Kennedya, first proposed in the second volume of
the Annals of the Vienna Museum of Natural History and now adopt-
ed, was only resolved upon after a careful examination of the greater
number of species now known (about 20) and of all those of neigh-
bouring groups which could be obtained, and the result was a convic-
- tion that the arrangement would be much more conformable to the
principles upon which other Phaseole are distinguished, and the genera
be much easier understood and defined, if four distinct groups were es-
tablished,independantly of the Kennedya tabacina, which with the Gly-
*
ine clandestina, and thers, belongs toa very distinct fifth genus.
It will also, it his hoped, be readily admitted that the divisi fe d
are easily recognisable without entering into the minutiz of botanical
characters, and are therefore natural; for surely the small blue or
somewhat pink flowers in slender branches of Kennedya monophylla,
Comptoniana, &c (which are all Hardenbergias) are very different
from the large long scarlet or purple flowers of Kennedya Marry-
attiana, prostrata, nigricans, &c. We confidently trust, therefore,
_that we shall not, on this occasion, be set down by more able botanists
as one of the herd of rash innovators, and that even our lovers of hor-
ticulture will not refuse to adopt a name destined at once to do honour
to alady, most zealous in the promotion of botany and horticulture at
Vienna, and to her brother whose tour of six years over a great part
of the globe, has done much for the advancement of several branches
of natural science. G. B.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE Grown; Cutture. The Hardenbergia
monophylla was first introduced from Botany Bay, about the year
1790, since which time it has been increased and become a great orna-
ment to most greenhouses. This very elegant variety of the original
plant was raised from New Holland seeds, by Messrs. Rollisson of
Tooting, in 1830. The specimen here figured was obligingly supplied
from the Birmingham Botanic Garden, where it flowered in March,
and had grown to the height of four feet. As may be seen by our
figure of this elegant twiner, it is well adapted for ornamenting small
columns or a light trellis in the greenhouse. It will grow still more
luxuriantly if planted in the border of the conservatory. Sandy loam
with a small proportion of peat makes a suitable soil for it, and in-
crease may be obtained from cuttings.
Derivation or THE Names.
Harvenserera in honour of Frances Countess Hardenberg, sister of Baron
Charles von Hiigel of Vienna. Monopnyiia one-leayed, each petiole hav-
ing in this species but one leaflet, whilst in several others there are three.
NONYMEs.
KENNEDYA MONOPHYLIA. (Ventenat) Malmaison, t. 106. var. longeracemosa,
Botanical Register, t. 1336.
Harpvensencia Movornyria, Bentham in Hiigel Enumeratio Plantarum
Nove Way az » Al
af aa
MC Sram ee
Fé a ve oblen
Ca % Z, pigs Weviat. ve,
q. rachis -o OPPPOLE-.
> Z
a See ee
“MR. CUNNINGHAM’S CANDOL
NATURAL ORDER, DILLENIACEA,
——— Artificial divisions a POLYADELPHIA,
to which cS POLYANDRIA,
secawnpoiss. this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS.
No. 85,
CAnDOLLEA. LapILLaRDIERE. SEPALA quinque, ovata, mucro-
nata, persistentia. Prtara quinque, obovata aut obcordata. Stamina nume-
THERE oblonge. Carpewta tria ad sex, ovoidea intus dehiscentia, stylo acu-
minata, oligosperma: Semina ovoidea; Albumen carnosum; Embryo minnu-
tissi SuFFrrvTicss erecti vel subvolubiles. Forra alterna ad apices ramo-
rum vel in axillis sepe conferta, integra aut apice dentata, linearia aut cune-
ata, basi amplencenie demum szpius transversi secta. Fores flayi ad apices
ramulorum solitarii
SPECIES. Canpottea CunnIncHAMII. Glaberrima, foliis linearibus in-
tegerrimis, floralibus apice nudis, floribus ad apices ramulorum brevissimorum
axillarium pedunculatis, petalislate obovatis sepala obtusa vel mucronulata
ADE: 4
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, CANDOLLEA. SEPALS five, ovate, mucro-
nate, persistent. PETALS five, obovate or obcordate. STAMENS nume-
rous, all or most of them, more or less connected at the base into several
bundles opposite to the petals, nearly equal in size, or more frequently
the exterior ones shorter or sterile. ANTHERS oblong, CaRrPELs
three to six, oyoid. ALBUMEN fleshy. EMsryo very minute,
DESCRIPTION OF THE SpeEciES, CANDOLLEA CUNNINGHAMIL. A
low shrub, perfectly glabrous in all its parts. Brancnzs slender
flexuose, and disposed to climb, reddish, smooth and shining. LEAvEs
alternate, linear, about an inch and a half long, with one nerve, ter-
minated by a little point, no cross veins apparent, the margin entire
and a little curved downwards, rather narrowed near the base, and
then dilated and clasping the stem, breaking off transversely close to
the base, leaving a semicircular scar round the stem. FLOWERING
BRANCHES very short and axillary, having the appearance of a small
bunch of axillary leaves, from whence springs the peduncle, from an
inch, to an inch and a half long, bearing-at its summit a single yellow
flower. Sepats five, very much over-lapping each other, green, with
whitish edges, and with a bract resembling the sepals, but smaller,
close under them. PETAts five, half as long again as the sepals,
nearly as broad as long, and slightly emarginate. STAMENS nume-
rous; the filaments nearly all free to the base, but collected into five
bunches, alternating with the ovaria, the inner filaments about twice
as long as the oblong anthers, the outer ones much shorter, filiform
and sterile. Ovartes five, glabrous, each with two erect ovules, the
styles nearly as long as the stamens, with an obtuse slightly capitate
stigma. Seeds unknown to us.
Popvtar anp GeocrapuicaL Notice. That the plant figured
under the name of Hibbertia Cunninghamii, t. 3183, of the Botanical
Magazine, cannot remain in that genus, without a considerable modi-
fication of the generic character is evident, as the stamina of Hibber-
tia are expressly given as “qualia” in contradistinction to those of
Hemistemma, in which, as in the species in question, the external ones
are abortive, and reduced to filiform rudiments. It is not, however,
a Hemistemma, as in that genus al] the stamina are inserted on one
side of the ovaria. The habit and foliage of our plant brings it nearer
Candollea, and although the stamina are but very slightly connected
together, yet they are distinctly grouped into five bunches, and it may
require less change in the character of Candollea, than in that of any
other genus to include it, provided the seeds are not essentially differ-
ent. The pedunculate species of Candollea are very ornamental ;
they have a further claim to a place in the collection of every lover of
botany, from their association with the name of one to whom the sci-
ence is so deeply indebted; not only for the herculean labour of his
* Prodromus” but for the clear, and logical manner in which he has col-
lected, digested, and expounded the principles of botany, in his nume-
rous theoretical works.
Intropuction; WHERE GRowN; CuLture. The plant figured
in the Botanical Magazine, was introduced by Mr. Allan Cunningham,
from King George's Sound, to the Royal Gardens at Kew, where it
flowered, in 1832. Our drawing was made from a fine specimen in the
greenhouse of the Birmingham Botanic Garden, in June. It should
be potted in a mixture of peat and loam; and may be obtained from
cuttings of the young shoots, which quickly strike root under a bell-
glass.
Derrvation oF THE NAMEs,
CanporiEA, named by Labillardiere, in honour of Professor De Candolle of
Geneva. Cunnincuammr, in honour of Mr, Cunningham.
YNONYMES.
Heppertia ConnincHamia, Hooker: Botanical Magazine, t, 3183.
*
AGAPAN’THUS UMBELLATUS.
WHITE-FLOWERED AGAPANTHUS.
ENDOGENA, oR MONOCOTYLEDONES:
Natural division
to which “
this plant belongs,
ta
Sve ar
mcrae
el a
Ps
g
z
me
ows
seueen
NATURAL ORDER, LILIACEZ.
sa divisions HEXANDRI TA,
which ONOGYNIA,
this Plant belongs. be LINNEUS.
No. 86
GENUS. Acapantuus. L’Heririer. Periconium ae tubulosum
tubo brevi, limbosexpartito, equali, patente. Sramrna sex, basi limbi Zreekttiey:
filamenta inequalia, subdeclinata. Ovartum triloculare. a plurima, bise-
riata, adscendentia, anatropa. Styuuvs filifurmis, declinatus; stigma subtrigo-
num, leve. Capsuia oblongo-trigona, trilocularis, septicido-trivalvis. Semina
plurima, adscendentia, plano-compressa; testa membranacea, spadicea, superne
in alam producta. carat ane a in basi albuminis umbillico proximus.
HERB capenses, scap dice i i i
rum umbella snealantl elaine EnpiicuEr. Genera Planta-
rum, p. 142
SPECIES. Acaranrnus umpexiatus. L’nerririer. Scapo foliis lineari-
bus longiore, floribus umbellatis, tubo brevissimé. WaizipENow. Species
Plantarum, v. II, p. 4
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, AGAPANTHUS. PERIGONE of the
nature of a corolla, tubular, the tube short, the limb divided into six
- equal spreading divisions. Stamina six, inserted in the base of the
limb, filaments unequal in length, tending downwards. Ovary of three
. cells. “Ovuta several, placed in two rows, ascending, anatropous.
Sty.e filiform, tending downwards, stigma somewhat three-angled,
smooth. Capsu Le oblong, three-angled, three-celled, splitting in the
middle of the cells into three valves. SEEDS several, ascending, flat ;
testa membranaceous, brown, extending on the upper side into a wing.
EMBRYO minute, situated at the base of the albumen next the hilum.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUS. Root
consisting of a bunch of thick fleshy fibres. Leaves folded at the
base, and somewhat bifarious, about a foot long, somewhat obtuse,
flat towards the extremity, and varying from half an inch to an inch in
breadth in the different varieties. Scape erect, shorter, or more fre-
quently longer than the leaves, cylindrical, smooth, bearing at the
apex a large umbel of fifteen to forty flowers, enclosed when young in
an ovate convolute membranous spatha, which splits into two valves
and falls off as the flower opens. Each peduncle is from one to two
inches long, having at its base a linear bract. The flowers vary much
in size, from 14 to 18 lines in length, the tube is sometimes 4 or 5 lines
long, sometimes split almost to the base, and in colour they vary from
an intense blue to white.
The Agapanthus umbellatus, perhaps the only species known of
the genus, is a native of the Cape of Good Hope, and has been long in
cultivation. It is a great ornament to those gardens where space can
be afforded for the larger growing species of tender Cape bulbs.
Several remarkable varieties in the size and depth of colour, in the
breadth of the leaf, and height of the plant have already been figured,
but the present one appears to be both scarce, and as yet unpublished.
In the aspect of the plant, and the form of the flowers, it approaches
nearest to the narrow-leayed variety figured by Redoute, vol. 7, No.
403, of his Liliacee, but there is not any blue in the colour of the flow-
er, and the tube is perhaps more deeply divided. “The peduncles in
this, as well as in Redoute’s No. 403, are generally longer than the
corolla, though not perhaps double the length, and this is so variable
a character, that unless some differences in the internal structure be
found, it is difficult to consider as a distinct species either the Agapan-
us preecox, or the Agapanthus multiflorus of Willdenow. G. B.
same kind of pro-
but is in other respects easy
requiring only plenty of room to come to perfection.
Our drawing was made by Mr. Linneus Pope, of Handsworth, from a
finely flowered plant in the possession of Captain Bennett, of Dudley,
whose garden comprises many plants which rank amongst the rarest
in cultivation. It is doubtless a seedling variety but of very rare oc-
currence. Should be planted in loam.
DERIVATION oF THE Names.
AcaPantuvs, from ayarn AGAPE Love, and avOoc antHos a Flower,in allusion
the loveliness of the flower. Umsextatvs, in an umbel, from the arrange-
ment of the flowers,
Synonymes.
L’Heritier: Sertum Anglicum, p. 17." Botanical
, and vol. 7, No. 403, Bota-
AGAPANTHUS UMBELLATUs.
Magazine, t. 500. Redoute’s Liliacees, v. 1, No. 6,
nical i t. 699,
Register,
AGAPANTHUS PRacOx, Willdenow ; Enumeratio, p- 353,
* Tlametiin, cordefole
issn .
MANETTIA CORDIFO'LIA.
HEART-LEAVED MANETTIA.
“" BXOGEN, oR DICOTYLEDONEA.
Natural di vision
to which eae ae
‘this Plant belongs.
- NATURAL ORDER, BERBERIDACE.
CALYCIFLORE, a nan TETRANDRIA
OF a mip riche
DECANDOLLE. Ay Pent aa
GENUS. Man Moris. Chissccx tubus dirbimatia: limbus partitus
in lobos tot quot corollini aut dupli, lobulis in sinubus sepe interpositis. Co-
ROLLA pee Po tubo tereti vel quadrangulo, —_ nunc basi nune
aucem piloso, lobis Leesa r rarissime quinque. ANTHER# subsessiles, fila-
mentis Saas ad faucem adna Capsua ovata, i Wig calycinis lobis
coronata, a apice ad basin septicide dehiscens, mericarpiis cymbiformibus.
mbar erin a septo subexserte. Semrna imbricata, subsessilia, peltata, mar-
gine membranaceo sepius dentato undique alata. Empryo erectus in albumine
> cotyledonibus foliaceis lanceolatis. Hers ticesve ata
Foxia ovato-oblonga aut subcordata. Stirv UL® late, breves, acute,
Catycis tare qaladides, lebulis accessoriis
LLA t intus basi pilosa, fauce intus ako
limbi lobis reflexis. Pepuncuxi ontitot
bee Manettia corpiroiia. Marrivs. GuiaBperrima vel minute
pubescens, foliis ovatis acuminatis basi rotundatis subcordatisve, pedunculis
unifloris, slit tubo intus hasi piloso fauce glabra.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, ManeTTia. TuBE OF THE CALYX
turbinate, the limb divided into as many lobes as those of the corolla,
or twice as many. Corouxa funnel-shaped, the tube terete or marked
with four angles, hairy inside either at the throat or at the base, the limb
of four or very seldom five divisions. ANTHERs sessile or nearly so, the —
filaments adnate to the corolla up to the throat. CaPsuLE ovate, com-
pressed, crowned by the persistent lobes of the calyx, splitting at the
dissepiment into two mericarps. PLacENT# projecting from the dis-
iment. SEEDS imbricate peltate, nearly sessile on the placente,
surrounded by a membranous wing, which i is often toothed. Bessy Yo
erect, in a fleshy albumen. CotyLepons leafy, lanceolate.
Description OF THE Species, Manertia corpirouia. Stem*
and branches slender, twining, and, like the whole plant, glabrous in
all the specimens both wild and cultivated which we have seen ;
minutely pubescent, according to Martius. Leaves on short foot-
stalks, an inch or rather more in length, ovate, asnnine, rounded,
or in older plants somewhat heart-shaped at the base. SripuLe
22
connected with the base of the petioles into a very short broad mem-
brane, sometimes projecting on each side into a short point. PepuN-
CLES terminal, but becoming apparently axillary by the elongation of
the stem on one side only, about two inches long, slender, ebracteate.
Divisions of the Catyx ovate, or lanceolate, varying in size, but usu-
ally rather longer than the tube, narrowed at the base, and in each
interval is a very small accessary tooth. Coroxta of a rich red, above
an inch and a half long, tube narrowed at the base, ample in the up-
per part, perfectly glabrous, and marked with four angles outside, fur-
nished inside near the base with four longitudinal rows of appressed
hairs, throat glabrous, limb of four broad, short, rather unequal and
reflexed divisions. FILAMENTS projecting about a line beyond the
throat.
PopuLar anp GeocrapuicaL Notice. This Manettia with the
Manettia gracilis, pubescens, and villosa, of Chamisso and Schlech-
tendal, the Manettia attenuata of Nees and Martius, the Guagnebina
ignita of the Flora Fluminensis, v. 1, t. 115, and a Peruvian species,
probably new, form a distinct section, differing in several particulars
from Decandolle’s generic character, which we have modified accord-
ingly. ix pecies th parated, are natives of Southern
Brazil, Peru, and the Argentine States. The roots of one species
at least, are in high estimation among the natives for their medicinal
folia was first raised in this country by Dr. Neill of Canon Mills,
Edinburgh, in 1831, from seeds sent by Mr. Tweedie from the neigh-
bourhood of Buenos Ayres. Our drawing was made at Mr. Hender-
son's, Pine Apple Place, Edgeware Road. Although a stove plant,
this Manettia will probably succeed in the greenhouse. We planted
it out of doors, against a south wall, early in June, where now, in Sep-
tember, it has attained the height of ten feet, but without promise of
flowers.
DERIVATION oF THE Name.
“Manertia, named by Matis and Linnzus in honour of Xavier Manetti, Curator
tanic Garden at Florence, about the middle of the last century.
: SynonyMes, .
Manertra coRrPirotta, Martius: Specimen Materia Medicw Brasiliensis
p. 19,t. a Decandolle: Prodromus v. IV, p: 363. Botanical Register, t. 1866:
t
Magazine, t. :
-MANETTIA Gtapra, Chamisso and Schlechtendal: Linnea, v. IV, p. 169.
Mevets, we.
r ‘
Mit 5 Mca ot a Lahde OT Be i
~ é
«
DAHLIA EXCEL'SA. — aiticrmotve
TREE DAHLIA. Anemone-flowered variety.
DICOTYLEDONER.
Natural division
to which a
this Plant a |
NATURAL ORDER COMPOSITA,
Ca + } Artificial divisions SYNGENESIA,
Ds ey, to which POLYGAMIA,
y “Ey this Plant a e OF LINNEUS
No. 88.
ENUS. Danuta. Caranreces. Carrrorem radiatum, floribus radii 1i-
fulatis femineis nutrisve, disci tubulosis quinquedentatis. Invorvcrum du-
plex, exterius squamis foliaceis uniserialibus circiter quingue patulis re
EXOGENZ.
CALYCIFLORA,
or
DECANDOLLE.
paleaceum, paleis membranaceis oblongis indivisis.
subincurvi, crassi, extus pilil yoke
NIUM oblongo- wnt atum -obeompress epappo
Hers® Mexicans grandes. For 5 oupenies pinnati
tita. Ray ibe mono- vel ollghbeghall
disco luteo, radio purpureo roseo albo aut ~ spree Decano.
mus, v. 5, p. 494
Caule perenvanti elato prainoso cavo, foliis
DAWLiA EXCELSA,
utris.
P
oreerEs, petiolis late connatis, capitulis subcorymbosis, ligulis ne
CHaRAcTER OF THE GENUS Dania. FLOWER HEAD radiate, the
florets of the ray ligulate, female or neuter, those of the disk hermaph-
rodite, tubular, 5-toothed. Invotucre double, the external consisting
of about five spreading or recurved leaflets, the internal of from twelve
to sixteen, erect, long, leaflets arranged imperfectly in two rows, mem-
branous at the top, thick at the base and connected together. Recee-
TACLE flat with oblong entire membranous scales. BRraNCHES a
‘style erect or slightly curved, thick and bearing hairs outside. a
THERS without tails, but with appendages at the top. 7 ACHENIUM
oblong-obovate, compressed at the top, without a pappus but ob-
- Securely two-horned at the top. a8
‘Description or THE Spectres, Dauzia ExceLsa. Roors fasci-
cled, some perennial, — and fibrous, others swelling into tu-
REFERENCE TO sage ecg
+
of | Sadi te, and two feet aa asi ier ar of hemo te
part the lege lank Tt was thirty
bers. Stem perennial, very thick, becoming woody, growing to the
height of twenty feet and upwards, less branched, and assuming more
the aspect of a tree than any other species, hollow inside, smooth and
glaucous on the surface, marked with horizontal rings formed by the
‘broad stem-clasping base of the petioles, and sometimes emitting
near the base a great quantity of fibrous roots. LEavEs opposite, at-
taining the length of two feet and a half, by about two feet in breadth,
doubly pinnatipartite, the general petioles broadly connate round the
stem, the segments borne on sharp partial footstalks, those of the lower
leaves ovate and heart-shaped at the base, those of the upper leaves,
especially the end ones, often contracted at the base,acuminate, toothed,
nearly smooth or with a fewshort scattered hairs,of a pale ¢l
underneath. FLOWER HEADS on long opposite monocephalous pedun-
cles, collected five to eight together in a sort of corymb at the end of the
branches, with occasionally a few axillary solitary ones along the stem.
OUTER INVOLUCRE consisting of five or six linear spreading foliaceous
squame, the inner f about twel
oblong. obtuse. erect.m
©, of ? 2 Ms
ones. FLoretsin th
i Cir iattl-
ral state, so as to give to the head of flowers the form known in other
Dahlias by the name of anemone-flowered. The florets of the ray ap-
pear to be nearly in their ordinary state, and to be naturally neutral and
sterile, those of the disk are shorter but all converted into irre
cular!
formed semi 5 “
-ligulate sterile florets having lost their original colour to
assume that of the ray. All traces of the organs of fructification are
obliterated in all the florets.
Poputar aND GeoGrapnicat Notice, The genus Dahlia con-
tains three published species, one of them, the Dahlia variabilis, is the
origin of those innumerable varietiés which for some years past have
formed the chief ornament of our gardens at the close of the summer,
Another species, the Dahlia coccinea, has also been for some time in cul-
tivation, and is a desirable plant, on account of th
the ray, although its flowers seldom become doubl
able, it cannot be-made to intermingle with the c
bilis, so as to form hybrids. This circumstance,
ent nature of the florets of the ray,
are female and fertile in the othe
Site be considered as sufficient
There is, indeed, nothing but thi
rets of the ray,
e rich colouring of
e,and what is remark-
ommon Dahlia yaria-
together with the differ-
which are neuter inthe one, whilst they
r, would in the case of other Compo-
to separate them into different genera.
S same character, derived from the flo-
which distinguishes the whole series of Coreopsider
from the Verbesinez ; and it was Linneus’s mark of distinction between
his orders Polygamia superflua and Polygamia frustranea. Yet the
resemblance between the several species of Dahlia is, in other respects,
so great, that it has never occurred to any botanist, not even to Cassini,
who availed himself of every perceptible modification to make genera
in Composite, to propose their separation; nor could it be done with-
out laying aside all idea of natural genera. ~
The Dahlias are all natives of the mountainous districts of Mexico,
where the present species had probably been discovered some years
ago, as it appears to have long been cultivated in the Botanic Garden
of the City of Mexico. It may possibly be the same as the Dahlia gigan-
tea, mentioned by Bullock in his List of Plants procured from that es-
tablishment, but no mention of it is to be found in the Nova Genera of
Humboldt and Kunth, nor in any of the writings of Spanish botanists,
to whom the plants of the Mexican garden were usually transmitted.
G
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GRowN; CuLturE. The Dahlia excelsa
was first introduced to this country about the year 1830, in a manner
somewhat unintentional. Messrs. Loddiges of Hackney perceiving
that some thick stakes which were used to protect a basket of plants,
received by them from Mexico, showed signs of life, planted them in
the open ground, where they grew to the height of ten feet in the first
season, but were destroyed in the subsequent winter. The plant was
again imported both by roots and cuttings, in 1834, by William Bates,
Esq. who presented it to Charles Tayleure, Esq. of Toxteth Park, near
Liverpool, by whom it was liberally distributed to the Liverpool Bot-
anic Garden, and to Mr. Skirving of Walton nursery, near Liver-
pool. From the latter admirable and liberally-conducted establish-
ment, a plant two feet high was obtained by George Ellins, Esq. of
Rigby Hall, Worcestershire, and planted in the border of his conserva-
tory, in the spring of 1837. In November of the same year it had at-
tained the height of twelve feet, and produced a handsome corymb of
flowers at the summit of the stem, in the manner represented by the
~ largest of the two miniature outline sketches in our plate. From one
of these flowers our drawing and description was made. This hand-
some plant, 12 feet high, wholly devoid of side shoots, but with its mag
nificent foliage, spreading five feet from side to side and displaying a
single spreading crown of flowers, was highly attractive. The very
handsome style of growth of this individual plant does not, however,
appear to be invariable, nor perhaps general, in the Dahlia excelsa ;
for we have since seen other younger plants with many branches, but
still preserving a main or leading shoot, in a manner wholly distinct
from the garden species. This habit is represented by our smaller out-
line sketch. .A plant now growing in the greenhouse of the Liverpool
Botanic Garden, where it has heen about three years, has attained the
height of twenty feet, but although a few buds have appeared, it has
not perfected any flowers. In its native country it grows thirty feet
high, and if productive of numerous flowers, must indeed be an object
quite worthy of the contemplation of the most zealous Dahlia fancier.
Mr. Shepherd of the Liverpool Botanic Garden informs us that Mr.
Bate, to whom this country is indebted for the Species, possesses dried
Mexican specimens of the flowers, both single and double, which were
produced by the same plant; we may therefore conclude that it pos-
sesses a sportive character similar to that of its congener, now so well
known and admired by every person even of the most obtuse perception
in floral affairs. :
In the “ Botanic Garden,” No. 166, being that which will appear
on the same day as the number of the Botanist, which we are now writ-
ing, we have published the Tree Violet. This has much the same
ia; since by a mixture of them stamina may possibly be given to
- However un-
certain may be the result, it is hi ghly desirable that the experiment be
made. To obtain this gigantic species of Dahlia in perfection we have
no doubt but preference should be given to planting it in the border
of a lofty conservatory, not near any wall, but where it can enjoy the
full influence of the light, and spread without obstruction from other
plants. It may be easily increased from cuttings.
D
Dantia, named by Cayanilles, in honou
iP
nean genera; a splendid compl
to the uninteresting or ob
ists of first
rd
cocleclet Pre.
Vee ereet
af
; Ohore
«<*
AT Mite ated
CHOROZEMA CORDA’TUM.
HEART-LEAVED CHOROZEMA.
EXOGENZ, oR DICOTYLEDONE &.
; Siesed division
which
this pte *
NATURAL ORDER, LEGUMINOSA,
cmap fed eae : DECANDRIA,
MONOGYNIA,
this Pint dies: OF LINNEUS,
No. 89.
CALC egies >
‘Swoanpoiia
GENUS- Cuorozema. Laprrtarprerk. Catyx ad medium vel brevius
bilabiatus, labio superiore lato breviter bifido, fatievs tripartito. Corot
a, obt
mentis glabris. Ovartvm sessile vel breviter Satake, dense pluriovulatum.
Sryivs brevis, uncinato-recurvus, glaber. Sriegma obiiquum vel subrectum,
tenue vel capitatum. LecuMEN ovatum, sessile ae subsessile, turgidum, intus
nudum. Hers suffrutices, fruticesve. Fora alterna vel sparsa, sree:
coriacea, sepius glabra. Sripvi parve,subulate. InrLoRESCENTIA
vel axillaris, axillis floridis in racemum terminalem foliosum sspieeiiants.
Pepicetti bibracteolati. Frores rubri vel aurantiaci. Benryam: Annalen
des Wiener Museums, v. 2,
ter sinuato
SPECIES. _ CHonozEMA a Fouts cordato-ovatis margine levi-
ee : ¥ik ? -9 rg s la
z 7
biis calycinis tubo equilongis.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, CHOROZEMA. CaLyx split to the
middle or not so deep into two lips of which the upper one is broad and
shortly two-cleft; the lower one deeply three-cleft. Sranparp scarcely
longer than the wings, round, emarginate or two-cleft. _Wrnes oblong,
oblique or nearly straight, slender or capitate |
nearly so, swollen, without any pithy
cranthum was one of about 160 species of plants, which Dr. Siebold
brought alive from Japan in hollow pieces of silex filled with clay. It
first flowered in the garden of the university of Ghent, from whence it was
introduced into this country, with many other valuable plants of the
same collection, in 1836. Our drawing was made from a plant which
was obligingly sent us by the Messrs. Pope of Handsworth in April
last. Subsequently a well-flowered specimen was sent to us by Mr.
Atkins, Nurseryman, of Northampton ; who states that the plant must
be quite hardy, it having been wintered in a cold frame, where the pot
of soil in which it grew was thoroughly frozen.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMEs.
Eprmeptem, from a supposition ae hist was he Epimedium of a
and Sores a it wertsinty ms
¥ plan
5 avi ed mar-
y gsmell. Macranraum padi flowered.
SyNonyMEs.
EPIMeDIUM MACRANTHUM. Morren et Decaisne: Annales des ieee Natu-
relles, Ser. 11, v. 2, p. 352, t. 13. "Lindley Botanical Register, t. 1906.
BORO'NIA PINNA'TA,
HAWTHORN-SCENTED BORONIA.
EXOGEN, oR DICOTYLEDONE A.
“ Wie division
gt hich
this Pa belongs,
NATURAL ORDER, RUTACEA,
ne Artificial divisions OCTANDRIA,
to which MONOGYNIa,
aashesieies thie Pisiat teleage: OF LINNEUS.
No. 99.
GENUS. Boronta. Surry. Catyx quadrifidus, persistens. Prraza qua-
tuor, ovata, persistentia. Sramrna octo, omnia antherifera, vel quatuor sepalis
alterna abortiva; filamentis ciliatis incurvis. Sryx1 quatuor, erecti, approxi-
‘mati aut intus coal. STIGMATA veneer shes unicum t quadrilob = _CARPELLA
Sema in loculis subsolitaria, ovata, compressa, embryone gracili tereti, radi-
cula supera. Frutices Australasici. Forra pastas PEpuncuvti axillares,
Fores sepius purpurascent
Boronta pinnata. Surra. Fourts impari- pinnatis glaberi-
tnis, foliolis 3- ‘9 linearibus acutis, pudumnillé bi- vel trichotomis, floribus octan-
dris.
CHARACTER OF THE GENus, Boronia: CaLyx persistent, of four
divisions. Pgras four, oval, persistent. Stamens eight, either all
_ bearing anthers, or sometimes four alternating with the sepals, abor-
tive, the filaments ciliated and curved inwards. Sryzezs four, erect,
adjoining or Connected together in one. Srtiemas four, or all joined
into one four-lobed one, Carpels four, opening inwardly in two valves
and connected into a four-lobed four-celled capsule. SEEDS usually
solitary in each cell, ovate, compressed, with a slender cylindrical
embryo, and a superior radicle.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, Boronia PINNATA. Survs, of
two or three feet in height, perfectly smooth in all its parts. Brancnes
round or slightly compressed. Leaves opposite, pinnate, the com-
mon petiole one to two inches long ; leaflets two to four pair with an
odd one, articulate on the petiole, linear, pointed and slightly scythe-
shaped, somewhat thick and dotted. Prpuncies axillary, dichoto-
mous or sometimes trichotomous, many-flowered but seldom longer
than the leaves, of a red colour. Bracts, two, small and sharp, at the
base of every bifurcation, and two on each pedicel. SxEpats ovate,
smooth, very small. PrrTats five or six times as long as the sepals,
oval, somewhat pointed, narrowed at the base, spreading, with a mi-
nute down on the inside. Stamens eight, all fertile and equal, the
24, SUP.
filaments yellow, about a line long, inflexed and bordered with long
hairs. ANTHERS small, two-celled, borne ona very short slender stipes
at the top of the filament. Ovary of four carpels connected together
and terminated in a very short style with a terminal stigma. One
erect ovule in each earpel or cell of the ovary. CapsuLe smooth, of
four carpels. Sreps solitary, black, with the adhering endocarpium
white and polished.
Porutar AND Grocrapuicat Notice. Boronia is an Australian
genus, comprehending a considerable number of species, natives of
different parts of the southern and western coasts, most of them of
great beauty. Some of them, and especially the present species, have
long contributed to the ornament of our greenhouses, and it were
highly desirable that many others, known as yet only from dried spe-
cimens, were introduced into cultivation, more especially those from
Van Dieman’s Land, which in the South of England would probably
prove half-hardy. . G.B.
Iyrropuction; WHERE Grown; CuLTURE.. The Boronia pin-
nata was first introduced in the year 1795, to the nursery of Messrs.
Lee and Kennedy of Hammersmith, and has ever since remained in
our greenhouses, but has not always been cultivated with the success
which attends the generality of New Holland plants. The chief occa-
sion of this, has been over watering; or exposure, in summer, with
other greenhouse plants, to all the rain of the season. To avoid this
it should be retained, at all times under glass, be sparingly watered,
and have a soil composed of peat and sand, with a very small portion
of loam, so loose and pervious as to prevent the possibility of water
stagnating aboutits roots. Attention to these observations, with a good
drainage, obtained by the use of a stratum, at least two inches thick
of potsherds, or broken tile, will secure success to the cultivator, and
yield him the gratification of possessing a lovely little shrub, as odor-
iferous as beautiful. Cuttings require the same precautions in regard
to moisture.
DERIvaTION oF THE Names.
Boronia, named by the late Sir James Edward Smith, in compliment to
to Sierra Leone, and afterwards met with an untimely death by an acciden-
tal fall at Athens, whither he had accompanied the late Dr. Sibthorp. Pry.
NATA, pinnate, from the disposition of the leaves
Synonymgs.
Boronia PinnaTa. Smith: Natural History Tracts, p. 290, t. 4. Andrews’s
Botanist’ de la Malmaison, t. 38. Bot-
Y 8 itory, t. 58, Ventenat Jardin
anical Magazine, t. 1763,
4
EUPHORBIA JACQUINLAFLO'RA.
JACQUINIA-FLOWERED EUPHORBIA.
EXOGENZ. DICOTYLEDONEE.
ers =. re~ Wy
NATURAL ORDER, EUPHORBIACES.
Artificial divisions DODECANDBI4,
to which TRIGYNIA,
this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS,
No. 100.
MONOCHLAMYDA,
OF
DECANDOLLE.
GENUS. Evpnorsia. Linnzvs. Ftores monoici in eodem inv lucro; fe-
mineus uni ralis; masculi plures ambientes. _ Inyorvcrv UM commune
i fimbriatisve aut mul-
: 2 se glan-
dulosze a < taloi Mascvuui: Pepicexi plures, s singuli c m filamento
apice sila honaas ieiati, plerumque infra distincti tie interjectis.
FoaMInNE!I: epi = longius pedunculatum basi nudum aut rarius calicula-
Sryvx tres bifidi, rarius connati in unum apicetrifidum. Sriemara sex,
rarius tres, biloba. Ovarivm triloculare, loculis uniovulatis. . Fructus capsul.
aris, pedunculo elongato insidens et eodem deflexo nutans, tricoccus, ecor dk
astice bivalvibus deciduis. ; sha
um varie. INFLORESCENTIA axillaris vel terminalis,
tatty vel bi-trichotome =: ADRIEN DE Jusstev de sats cea peak
Generibus, 57.
SP E Evrnorsia gsacquinrariora. Hooxer. ee FOLIIS
culis axillaribus subtrichotomis paucifioris, bracteis minutis, involucri laciniis
interioribus poLunde ns serratis brevibus, be Lt are pxiecioriens petaloideis
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, cine FLOWERS monecious
in the same involucre, one female central one, several males around.
it. InvoLucre bell-shaped or top-shaped, four to five-cleft, the lobes
sb ac fringed, or divided into several, and outside the lobes are an
or lesser number of outer ones alternating with them, and of a
canis fleshy or petaloid consistence. Mae FLowers consisting
of single filaments, bearing one anther, and articulated upon a very
short pedicel, at the base of which is frequently a bract. Frmate
Fiower: a pistil, borne on a peduncle, either naked or with a little
calycule at the base. Srvzes three, bifid, or rarely joined in one.
Stiemas, six, or rarely three, bilobed. Ovary trilocular, the cells
one-ovulated. Fruit a capsule, placed on a long peduncle bent
downwards, of three cocci, each opening elastically in two valves.
DEscripTION OF THE SpeciEs, EUPHORBIA JACQUINIZFLORA.
Survs, four to five feet high, with slender branches, leafy in the u
, smooth in all its parts. Leaves on rather long foot-stalks, all
pendant, oblong lanceolate, narrowed at both extremities, strongly
My
a. ee
penninerved, of a dark green, paler underneath, the younger ones
having often a deep red tint. Pgpuncxes placed in the axils of the
upper leaves, at first much shorter than them, but at length nearly
equal to them, bearing from three to seven, so called, flowers, (pro-
perly involucres.) Bracts very minute, linear, and scarlet. Invo-
LUCRES with a bell-shaped greenish tube, spreading into five roundish,
or slightly obcordate, bright scarlet external appendages, having the
appearance of petals, with a transverse gland at the base of each, and
five internal lobes alternating with the external ones, but not project-
ing beyond the tube, serrated or fimbriate, and buff coloured. Each
ALE F or at least the outer ones, subtended by a linear
ciliated scale, often slightly coloured at the base. FEMALE central
flower in our specimens sterile, reduced to a pedicel about a line
long, and a short globular empty ovarium, with six abortive stigmas.
Poputar AND GreoGRapnHicat Notice. Among the several spe-
cies of this most extensive genus, lately introduced into our stoves, this
is' one of the most elegant, from the brilliant colour of its involucres,
and their long duration. Its country is unknown, but it is probably
a native of South America, and evidently very nearly allied to Eu-
phorbia laurifolia, a Peruvian plant, described by Lamarck and Per-
soon, from Jussieu’s herbarium. Judging, indeed, from the descrip-
tions, we should not have hesitated considering the two as identical,
were it not for the constant abortion of the female flower in the indi-
viduals in cultivation. G. B
INTRoDUCTION; WHERE Grown; CULTURE.- The origin of this
plant is no further known than that it was sent from the Berlin
Botanic Garden a few years since, and has spread itself into the stoves
of a number of our principal Horticulturists. Our drawing was made
from a specimen in Mrs. Lawrence’s collection, which had several times
excited the admiration of the visitors to the Horticultural Society’s
exhibitions in Regent-street; being taken, however, at a rather, ad-
vanced stage, it represents the flowers more lax, and with fewer leaves
than is usually the case when the plant is less advanced in flowering.
It requires to be kept in the stove, and should be potted in a mixture
of peat, loam, and sand. Cuttings will strike root in sand, under a
bell-glass, with bottom heat, but water should not be given them for
several days after they are put in, that their juices might be somewhat
exhausted, which would otherwise endanger their decay.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMEs.
Evpnorsia, taken by modern botanists from the tvdopBroy of Dioscorides, so
call » as it is said, because Euphorbus, physician to Juba, king of Maurita-
nia, first made use of that substance derived from a species of Euphorbia.
md others it is derived fro
m tv and goon, good pasture, though that be not
th any species. Jac » fi like th f
Jacaninia
5 4
: Synonyme.
Evpworsia Jacqutnteriora. Hooker: Botanical Magazine, t. 3673.
+
se
Aa
bs
Mille cin’
POPEODALIP
i Vorophy LD ree
Nav itt00.4
ACROPHYL'LUM VENO'SUM.
VEINED ACROPHYLLUM,
EXOGEN&, DICOTYLEDONES.
ae: aya = _—
i | this pet eat \ WW
NATURAL ORDER, SAXIFRAGACEA,
a4, ae ee DECANDRIA,
SES (ey pis 4 DYGYNIA,
Be ra this ye a oF LINNEUS.
No. 95,
CALYCIFLORZ,
F
oO
DECANDOLLE,
GENUS. Acropuyttum. Catyx liber, regularis, quinquepartitus, persis-
tens. Prtexa quinque, lineari- hee unguiculata. Stamina decem, disco
parvo tenui calyci adnato inserta. Ovarivm sessile liberum, hirtum, biloculare,
loculis pluri-ovulatis, carpellis facile solubilibus. Sryz1 duo, subulati, glabri,
acutiusculi, stigmatibus oblongis, sublateralibus. Fructus. Frutex Aus-
tralasicus. Forta opposita, simplicia. Srievix interpetiolares. InFrioreEs-
cENTIA axillaris, umbellato-fasiculata, pseudoverticillata, multiflora
Cuaracter oF THE GeNUs, ACROPHYLLUM. Catyx free, regu-
lar, divided near to the base into five persistent sepals. PETALS five,
linear-oblong, clawed. STamENs ten, inserted on a small thin disk,
entirely adnate to the base of the calyx. Ovary sessile, free, hairy,
two-celled, the cells separating very easily from one another, each
with several ovules. Sryres two, subulate, smooth, pointed, the stig-
mas oblong, lateral, at the end of the styles.
DESscRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, - AcROPHYLLUM VENOsUM. STEM
shrubby, erect, branched, in.the specimen figured about eighteen
inches high. BraNcHEs reddish, stiff, smooth, with a few appressed
hairs in the upper part. Leaves opposite, sessile or nearly so, articu-
lated on the stem, ovate or oblong-ovate, deeply and regularly toothed,
ooth, green, and reticulate on the upper side, white, with a very
minute pubescence on the other side, the mid-rib and pinnated veins
prominent, red and smooth, of a leathery consistence, and somewhat
folded on the margin. Sviputes lanceolate, deciduous, sometimes
concrete. FLORAL-LEAVEs scarcely larger than the stipules, and simi-
lar to them in form. Ftowers numerous in the axille of the floral
leaves, forming a sort of interrupted raceme crowned by a tuft of ste-
rile leaves similar to those of the stem, but at the time of flowering
smaller and reddish. In each axilla is a very short, common peduncle
subdivided into a great number of red, slightly hairy pedicels, ioe
about a line long. A few small bracts are found at the base of som
REFERENCE TO THE DissECTIONS.
~ a Stamen. 3,asingle Flower. 4, the cpreetensacharaglche and Stamens removed,
ES) scious Dulexcilid. vec, 5, the Ovary. 6, a Petal.
SS.
of the pedicels, Entire part of the calyx very small, thickened inside
into a hairy disk. Divisions of the limb lanceolate, acute, about
two-thirds of a line long, smooth, of a delicate pink colour, collapsing,
but not falling off after the flowering. PertTAts white, about twice as
long as the erlyx, on a longish slender claw, inserted on the disk.
Stamens longer than the petals, filaments slender, anthers nearly glo-
bular. Ovaryshort, very hairy, more deeply divided than in the allied
genera, each cell containing six or eight ovules. Styies the length of
the stamina. Fruir not yet seen.
PopuLar AND GrocrapuicaL Notice. This plant differs from
Weinmannia, to which it has been referred, not only in the essen-
tial character of the absence of any other disk than the mere thicken-
ing of the base of the calyx, but in the clawed petals, in foliage,
which is that of Callicome, in its peculiar inflorescence, and even
in geographical station. The true Weinmannias are almost all Ame-
rican, or entirely so if the Weinmannia macrostachya of the Mau-
ritius be nothing more than an American species introduced there by
accident or design ; for the Weinmannia trifoliata from Southern Afri-.
ca forms the genus Platylophus of Don, and the New Zealand Wein-
mannia racemosa helongs to Leiospermum of the same botanist.
Acrophy!lum on the other hand is a native of extratropical Autralia.
Its nearest affinity is without doubt with the Australian genus Calli-
coma, but it is sufficiently distinguished by the presence of petals, the
pluriovulated cells of the ovarium and the inflorescence. Its relation
to Caldcluvia of Don, or Dietericia of Seringe, is much more remote,
having little more in common with it than with all other Cunoniee.
The quinary instead of quaternary number in the parts of the flower
is of little or no importance as a generic distinction. G. B.
Intropuction; Wuere Grown; Cunrure. This very pretty
* Derivation or toe Names.
Ackoraritom, from the Greek adjective dxpogudoc, that has leaves at the
» in allusion to the tufts of leaves, with which the flowering-stems are
crowned. VeEnosum, veiny, from the strongly marked veins of the leaves.
ei: | Synonyme.
WEINMANNIA VENOsA. Floral Cabine .” 81, t. 85,
‘ Pros fol aches
ARISTOLO'CHIA CILIO'SA.
~ FRINGED ARISTOLOCHIA. __
EXOGENE, OR DICOTYLEDONES.
a Natural
this Pak nan
NATURAL ORDER, ARISTOLOCHIACES.
Artificial divisions lg if
to which
this Plant belongs.
No. 96.
MONOcHLAMYD&, »[%
OF
DECANDOLLE. es
Ain GYNANDRIA,
Gitty -HEXANDRIA,
a OF LINNEUS,
GENUS. Arisrorocat. Liyyevs. Froreshermaphroditi. Prericonium
coloratum tubulosum, tubo inferne cum ovario connato, supra ovarium ventri-
coso, recto vel curvato, limbo obliquo, ligulato, nune bi-trifido. STaMINA sex,
disco epigyno inserta; mre enta brevissima, subnulla; anthere extrorse, bilo-
culares, dorso stylo adnat Ovariem inferum, sexloculare. Overa plarima,
loculorum angulo waieaiss uniseriatim nang eee anatropa. wadiced
HERB ¥
es. OLIA alterna. Pabitcvit axillares. Enpiicnaer: Genera Planta-
ARISTOLOCHIA CILIOSA. _Scandens, glabra, foliis exstipulatis :
sub xquali limbo integro orbiculato patente margine ciliis longis fimbriato,
CHARACTER OF THE GeNus ArisToLocHtia. FLOoweErs hermaph-
rodite. | Pertaon coloured, tubular, the tube connate with the ovary
at the base, swelled above the ovary, straight or curved, the limb ob-
lique, ligulate or two or three-lobed. | Stamens six, inserted upon
an epigynous disk; filaments very short or none; anthers opening out-
wards, two-celled, adnate by their back to the style. Ovary adhe-
rent, six-celled. Ovuxes several, fixed in single rows to the central
angle of each cell, horizontal, anatropous. Sryze short; stigmas
radiating in six divisions. CApsvuLE coriaceous, six-celled, splitting
into six valves at the dissepiments. SEEDS several, bracteate, the
testa coriaceous, with a membranous border; raphis broad, corky at
the base of the seed and terminating at the apex in an impressed chal-
aza. Embryo yery small at the base of the fleshy or horny albumen.
Description OF THE Species, ARISTOLOCHIA CILIOsA. STEM
climbing, perfectly smooth, as well as the rest of the plant. STipuLes
none. Leaves petiolate, reniform, deeply indented at the base, entire
but slightly crisped on the margins, of a bright green, above pale and
marked with prominent veins below. Pepuncies one-flowered, nearly
as long as the leafstalk, spreading, the ovary incurved and ascending.
Prricon hanging in the lower part which is inflated, obliquely-ovate,
about half an inch long, it then suddenly ascends in the form of a
cylindrical straight entire tube, about half an inch long, at the
top of which it spreads into flat orbicular limbs eight or nine lines
broad, fringed round with a number of bright yellow cilie tipped
with purple; the outside of the perigon is of a pale yellowish green,
slightly striped with purple, the inside of the swelled part of a pale
yellow, and somewhat downy, with a purplish ring near the base,
the tubular part has a few hairs near its base and is smooth and pur-
plish towards the top, the limb is of a rich purple near the base and
then beautifully reticulated with a bright greenish yellow on a purple
ground. ANTHERs almost sessile, oblong, two-celled, the cells pointed
at the top, bursting outwards longitudinally, adnate by the back to
the fleshy rays of the style which are lanceolate, pointed, rather longer
than the anthers, and bears the stigmatic surface along the margins on
the outside.
PopuLar AND GEocrapnicat Notice. Among the great variety
of extraordinary forms which the perigon of the Aristolochie assume
in the warmer parts of America, this is by no means one of the least curi-
ous. Though the flowers are not in sufficient abundance, nor project
enough beyond the leaves to make much show, yet the beautifully
- variegated limb, with its elegant fringe, amply repays a close inspec-
tion. It is a native of North Patagonia, a country which has of late
years, through the laborious exertions of Mr. Tweedie, so much en-
‘ riched our collections, and which with the neighbourhood of Buenos
Ayres, and the southern extremity of Brazil, is now through his means
rivaling North California in ornamenting our flower borders. The
genus Aristolochia is one of those which may be said to have no spe-
cial fatherland, as it is found represented by some one of its numerous
species, in nearly every tropical or temperate region of the globe, ex-
cepting perhaps the southern extremity of Africa. G. B.
. Iyrropuction; WHERE crown; Cuuture. Seeds of this species
were transmitted by Mr. Tweedie of Buenos Ayres, in 1836, to the
Glasnevin Botanic Garden, Dublin ; where it was raised by Mr. Niven,
the talented curator, to whose kindness we owe the opportunity of fig-
uring it. It flowered in the stove, in the autumn of 1837, having been
grown in a mixture of sandy loam and peat.
Derivation oF THE Names.
Aristotocuta from dpreroc best. and) ge d med
hs ptaroc
q ; of some species. Citrosa ey sas ne pee rae 5 al ee
of the perigon, =
iL105A Lil Many
Mitte, dat
ae : .
Vs Yon reer phar tere.
= ‘
Newitt. x6
LIPA’RIA SPHA’RICA.
RUSCUS-LEAVED LIPARIA.
EXOGENZE, oR DICOTYLEDONE &.
Natural division
to which orig
this Plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, LEGUMINOSA.
CALYCIFLORE, : _—e va” Sipeumiii
OF ?
DECANDR.
DECANDOLLE. this Plant’ a | Or puidiod:
No, 97.
Lrparta. (Linwevs. ag mes 156.) Carrx basi ogg a?
brevi, limbo 5-lobo, lobis 4 superiorib
ore longissimo elliptico Sidaigaiins: Capes glabra, vexillo sink dileidice a
oblongis una per estivationem alteram involvente, carina recta acuta angu
bicipiti. Samra diadelpha. Ovanrom sessile brevissimum, Srrivs filifor-
mis. LrecuMEn ovatum oligo afore: DecanDeLzE: Prodromus Systematis
universalis regni vegetabilis, I], p. 12
SPECIES. Lairaria spuerica. Livyevs. Froricosa foliis lancedlatis
neryosis glabris, floribus capitatis.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS LipaRia. Catyx with the base pres-
sed inwards, tube short, limb 5-lobed, the four upper lobes lanceolate
acute, nearly equal, the inferior very long, elliptical petaloid. CoroLia
smooth, standard oval-oblong, wings oblong, the one during estiva-
tion wrapping the other, keel straight acute narrow two-headed. Sta-
mens diadelphous. Ovary sessile, very short, Sryte filiform. Pop
ovate, few-seeded.
Description OF THE Spectres, Liparta Spu#rica. A shrub
with the stem about four feet high,smooth. Leavzs alternate, sessile,
distant, lanceolate, mucronate, entire, stiff, nerved. FLOWERS in a
terminal capitule, which is smooth, sessile, surrounded by leaves
or bracts of considerable length, which form a sort of involucre.
Fiowers of a yellowish or russet hue. Catyx having the lower sepal
very long and petaloid, emarginately three-cleft. Corota papilio-
naceous, fawn-coloured, the wings and keel twisted together, so as to
require careful separation to shew their real character. Warnes two-
lobed at the lower margin. KEEL straight, acute, narrow, two-headed.
Stamens diadelphous.
Popunar aNpD Geocrapaicat Notice. This remarkably inter-
esting plant is a native of the Cape of Good Hope: we are ignorant in
what locality it grows, but most probably on the Zwellerdam moun-
cs
tains, where it assists to compensate for the absence of the genus Erica,
which ceases to form a part of the Flora of the Cape at this point.
The species of Erica are replaced on these mountains by Blerias and
the genera Struthiola, Passerina, Phylica, Podaliria, (P. buxifolia,
myrtillifolia, valgata) Polygala (P. oppositifolia,) Aspalathus, Lipa-
ria, Rafnia and Cleome.
The shining character of the leaves bears a striking resemblance to
that of the Leucadendron argenteum R. Br. (the Protea argentea,
Linn.) and both approximate to the appearance of the leaves of Astelma
eximimum R. Br. (the Gnaphalium eximimum Willd.); this silvery
hue must pleasingly diversify the scenery, while the clothing of the
leaves with so thick a coating of silky hairs must materially protect
them against the effects of the intense heat to which they are exposed.
That a compact coating of hairs hinders excessive exhalation, and
thereby preserves the plants from destruction in periods of universal
heat and drought is manifest from the fact that plants so provided
survive when others perish. Kalm mentions “that when the excessive
drought of the spring of 1749 had completely parched up the hills
and high grounds in Albany (U.S.) the Verbascum Thapsus (great
mullein) alone was seen flourishing in the most arid situations, and
when every other leaf was burnt up See Kalm’s Travels, Vol. 2;
p- 109.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN 3 Cutture. The date of the in-
troduction of this plant does not appear to be correctly ascertained, as
some writers state it to have been introduced in 1783, others in 1794;
it is still, however, a scarce plant, rarely ripening seeds, and being in-
~ ereased from cuttings with difficulty. Uninfluenced by the hand of
the cultivator it will grow tall and slender, but by frequently stopping
the leading shoots much more handsome and bushy plants may be ob-
tained. If kept in a pot, in the greenhouse, its roots should have plen-
ty of room, and free drainage ; but it will grow most luxuriantly if
planted in the conservatory, in a border formed of loam, peat, and sand.
Derivation or tHE Names, ’
Lrparta from Atrapoc liparos, brilliant, in allusion to the shining of the leaves,
Srxzrica from the globe-shaped form of the head of flowers.
Synonrmes,
Liparta sprerica Linneus Mantissa, 268, Si
: . - Sims: Bot. Mag. f. 1241, Lod-
diges: Bot. Cabinet, t. 642, ; "
Borponta spuarica, Lamarck Encyclop. Method.
LEvcopEenpRon SPLENDENS, Burmann : Flora Capensis,
Nevete. vv.
e
G
Mie 5, Manta. abe’.
*
CALOCHOR'TUS AL'BUS.
WHITE CALOCHORTUS.
ENDOGENZA, OR MONOCOTYLEDONE2.
es division
to which
this plant belongs.
Artificial divisions HEXANDRIA,
to which MONOGYNIA,
a OF LINNEUS,
this Plant belongs
GENUS. Carocnortus. Pursy. Peritcontvum corollinum, deciduum, hex-
— sees seunilin es ee interiora supra basim fovea nec-
evlata ve
HYPOGYNOSE,
7) FOF
LINDLEY.
No. 98.
aeahara subplana, nuda vel intus
parbata. Sramra sex, perigonii foliis se gee ntia. Ovantum triloculare.
A in loculis plurima, biseriata, horizontalia, anatr Sricmata tria,
subsessilia, lib el basi coalita, reflexa, canalicu - Capsvra oblonga vel
subglobosa, trigona, trilocularis, septicido-trivalvis, valvis de is EM-
in loculis plurima, uni-vel ata horizontalia, compressiuscula, testa
fusca membranacea laxiuscula hine raphe percursa. Em ryo rectus, teres.
Fores veered a ati, racemosi vel subsolitarii, purpurei vel albiai.
Enpticuer: Genera Plantarum, p. 140. E
SPECIES. ve ALOCHORTUS ALBUS. eerie Frorrevs pendulis ovoideo-
inflatis, perigon loi exter ubealycinis ovali-oblongis imberbibus,
foveolatis, sniteborl bint o lo noni petaloideis margine nudiusculis in-
tus barbatis, fovea “te Bi ae
CuaracTer or THe GeENus, CaLocnortus. PERIGONE of the
nature me a corolla, deciduous, six-leaved, leaves sessile or sho ortly
stalked, the inner ones marked above the base on the inside with a
nectariferous pit, and bearded on the inside; the outer ones smaller,
with the pit, or without, bearded inside or nat: STAMENS six, adhering
to the hase of the leaves of the perigon. Ovary three-celled. OvuLes ©
in each cell several, in two rows, horizontal, anatropous. GMAS
three, nearly sessile, free or joined at the base, reflexed, canaliculate.
.CapsuLe oblong, three-angled, three-celled, splitting into three valves
along the dissepiments, the valves at length bifid. Serens several in
each cell, usually in one or two rows, horizontal, somewhat compressed,
testa brown, membranous, rather loose, with the raphis running along
it on one side. Embryo a le aes ,
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, CALOCHORTUS ALB Bu
small, tunicated. Stem erect, ea slightly bra tied” ipentactly
mooth as well as the rest of the plant, about a foot to a foot and a
half high. Leaves sheathing at the base, sword-shaped, rather broad
and longer than*the peduncles. PepuNcues axillary, one-flowered,
erect, an inch and a half to two inches long, without bracts. FLowrrs
disposed, two to four together in the upper part of the stem or branches
in loose racemes, almost shortened into umbels, each flower pendulous
from the top of the peduncle, of an ovate-globose form, about an inch
and a quarter long. OvTER LEAFLETS of the perigon ovate-oblong,
greenish in the middle, membranous on the edges, ending in a short
point, somewhat concave, but without any beard or nectariferous pit.
INNER LEAFLETS double the length of the outer ones, petaloid, white,
concave, connivent and blunt at the top, contracted into’a short stalk
at the base, marked on the inside witha slightly impressed nectariferous
pit covered with inflected hairs, glabrous below it, above it slightly
covered with scattered hairs and almost naked at the border, where
the few hairs that straggle so far are turned inwards and do not form
a fringe. CapsuLe above an inch long, narrowed at both ends, sharply
three-angled, each valve being keeled and somewhat winged on the
back, entire and terminated in a long point. SxrEps numerous, in two
rows, tuberculated, nae
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GRowN; Cutture. The. Calochortus
albus was transmitted to the Horticultural Society by Mr. Douglas,
and preserved from all tendency to ferment and rot during its season
of rest. Flowers in June. It is usually potted in sandy peat.
DERIVATION OF THE NaMeEs.
Catocnortts from cadoc handsome, and yoproc grass. Argus, white.
Synonyms. :
Cycronorura arpa. Bentham: Transacti f the Horticultural Society, 2nd
series, y. 1, p. 413, t. 14, fig.3. Botanical Register, t. 1660.
ad 4 2 i 2
we actibaes| A chaos cee tecotak, Werith se.
ot os F
‘
HELICO’NIA BICOLOR.
TWO-COLOURED HELICONIA.
* ENDOGENZ, . oR MONOCOTYLEDONE &-
Natural division
to which
this plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, MUSACEA,
i. ae f Artificial divisions PENTANDRIA,
— — Os. to which Pa! MONOGYNIA,
: 3 % J | this Plant belongs => oF LINNEUS,
No. 101.
a nag. Liconta. Linnzus. ee siege foliola exteriora peg
lia, valle se petra news osetia lateralia subconformia, approximata,
genitalia ienplocte tia, post nanum. Stamina es sexto postico
abs spies ay basi perizoni adnate. Ovanrum Aiterems triloculare. Yura in
a Pp aa filiformis; stigma
depressiusculum, obsolete sex- Iobum. isis subdrupacea, tricocea, coccis
osseis indehiscentibus. Semrna in coccis solitaria, obovato- subglohosa, basi-
fixa, testa ab endocarpis vix solubili. Embryo orthotropus, ‘eed in axi
albuminis farinaceo-carnosi, extremitate radiculari-umbilicum a ingente, in-
fera. Henba: foliis =_ Hee: petiole: basi vaginantibus, soos m radiea-
lem sx ° . Enpirener:
€
Genera Plantarum, p. ~
SPECIES. sl misaete BIcotor, foliis basi angustatis acuminatis nervosis,
dene heformi ‘colorato, apes lanceolatis coccineis 1-6 flo-
a
res, perigo F apicem concretis,
filamento sterili icenie integro.
CHARACTER OF THE Genus, Heticonia. Prricon epigynous, the
exterior leaflets equal, growing together at the base, the two lateral :
inner ones nearly similar to them, placed near together, embracing
the genital organs, the upper one very small. Stamens five, the
sixth upper one being entirely wanting, adnate to the base of the
perigon. Ovary adherent, three-celled. Ovu.es solitary in each
cell, ascending from the base of the axis, anatropous. Styx filiform;
stigma slightly depressed, obscurely six-cleft. Capsuze somewhat
drupaceous, formed of three bony indehiscent nuts. Seeps solitary in
each nut, obovate, or globose, attached by the base; the testa scarcely
separable from the endocarp. Emspryo reece linear, placed
in the axis of a farinaceous fleshy albumen.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, HeLiconia Bicotor. Root
tuberous. Leaves numerous; foot-stalks stiff, erect, solid, three feet
high, with scattered blotches of a fine brownish down, sheathing the
stem at the base; lamina eighteen to twenty inches long, contracted
at the base, and terminated in a long point, marked with longitudinal
25
impressed veins, perfectly smooth, excepting a longitudinal row of
hairs on each side of the midrib on the under side. FLOWERING STEM
rising to the height of the leaves, terminated in a distichous spike of
flowers, the lowest spathe or upper stem-leaf without any flowers,
coloured at the base like the spathe, terminated in a green leaf like the
lower ones, but smaller; the other spathe lanceolate, acute, clasping
the stem at the base, hollow, but less so than in most species, rather
longer than the flowers, and like the flower-stem the pedicels and
evaria of a brilliant scarlet. The two lower spathes contain six, the
two next four pedicels, and as many membranous whitish bracts,
tinged with pink. FLOWERS inodorous. DIvisIONS OF THE PERIGON
of a pure white tinged with green at the top, and of a firm wax-like
_ consistence, the five upper ones adhering firmly nearly to the top;
the lower one spreading, all of them narrow, linear-lanceolate. StTa-
MENS five, fertile; filaments flattened, linear, terminated by a jlinear,
oblong anther; sixth rudimentary stamen lanceolate, not half as long
as the petal. . :
PopuLaR aND GeocrapHicaL Notice. This splendid genus,
allied to the Bananas or Plantain trees, is confined to the tropical
parts of America and the West Indies; and although the growth of the
plants is slow, and they therefore occupy a valuable place in the stove
for many years before they flower, yet they fully repay the cultivator’s
patience and care, by the great beauty and long duration of their spikes
of flowers. The present species, a native of the Brazils, is peculiarly
conspicuous by the contrast of the richly coloured flower-stem and
spathe, with the white of the flower itself. It appears to come nearest
to the Heliconia acuminata of Richard, but differs especially in the
colourjof the flowers. G. B.
{NTROpUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CULTURE. This new Heliconia
was sent, ten or twelve years since, by Baron de Schach, from the
Brazils, to the Botanic Garden at Liverpool. It has there- been
grown in the stove, in a mixture of loam and peat with a little manure,
and flowered in the months of February and March, when our drawing
was made. ‘It may be propagated by offsets or by division.
DERIVATION OF THE NaMEs.
HEticonia: Spe is said that Linneus derived this name from Mount Helicon, sa-
cred to uses, to indicate the affinity between Heliconia and Musa, an
Uivinatony not strictly in accordance with the usual exactness of that great
master, if it be true that Musa was dedicated toa Professor of that name and
Muses. Brcotor, two-coloured, in
the colour of the sp d that of the flowers,
Melt rrcs e:
& o7 & hotties
ANTHOCERCIS LITTO’REA.
SEA-COAST ANTHOCERCIS.
EXOGENA, oR DICOTYLEDONEA.
Natural division
to which
this Plant a,
NATURAL ORDER, SOLANACEZ,
COROLLIFLORE, &3 ; ers divisions
OF vi to which snotoserntis,
« DECANDOLLE, y this Plant mt OF LINNEUS.
No. 102.
ANTHOCERCIS. LABILLARDIERE. Catyx quinquefidus. Corotra
camp ubo basi coarctaté staminifera, limbo quinquepartito, equali
Stamina inclusa, didynama, cum ru q TIGMA capitato-emargin-
cad
atum. Capsu ia bildeolars, bivalvis, valyularum ‘isa plintBis Tak inflexis placente
parallele inse siete Semina reticulata. Frutices glabriusculi. Foura alterna
petiolato sive attenuata cum ramo articulata, crassa, nunc serio vara anera
Fiores axillares, subsolitarii pedunculo minute bracteato, ad articulum se-
pius solubili. Corona alba vel flava, speciosa, tubo intus striato, limbo quan-
doque = ad octo-partito. Roperr Brown. Prodromus Flore Nove Hol-
landia, p.
oda ANTHOCERCIS LITTOREA. LapintarDieRe. Fouts obovatis im-
punctatis margine levibus utrinque ramulisqne ae amg corollz laciniis
tubo longioribus, capsula oblonga calycem bis supera
' CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, a a Catyx five cleft.
Coro.ta bell-shaped; the tube contracted and bearing the stamens
at its base; the limb equally five-cleft. StTameENs included in the
corolla, didynamous, with a rudiment of the fifth. StTiemas capitate,
emarginate. CApsuLE two-celled, two-valved, the margins of the
valves bent inwards, attached to the parallel placenta. SreEps reti-
culate
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, ANTHOCERCIS LITTOREA. Thisis
an erect Surus, which in its native country attains the height of six
or eight feet. Leaves obovate or oblong, obtuse, with sometimes a
small point, perfectly entire, narrowed and sometimes shortly stalked
at the base, thickish, one-nerved, not dotted, and perfectly smooth as
well as the branches. FLOweEnr either solitary, or one or two together
from the axille of the upper leaves, or more frequently several together
in loose terminal racemes. PrpuNncLeEs furnished with a few small
bracts, pedicels larger than the calyx, naked or furnished with two ex-
ceedingly minute bracts Catyx bell-shaped, the tube narrowed at
the base, five-ribbed, smooth ; division of the limb linear, rather longer
than. the tube, but much shorter than the tubeof the corolla. Cor-
— OLLA bell-shaped, smooth, yellow, slightly ribbed outside, the inside of
the tube marked with from thirteen to fifteen longitudinal purple
stripes; divisions of the limb linear, somewhat broader at the base,
spreading, longer than the tube. STAMENS inserted in the base of
the corolla, shorter than its tube, the filaments dilated at the base,
the anthers nearly globular, the cells parallel, bursting by longitudinal
slits; rudiment of the fifth stamen very minute.
Porutar aNnp GeoGcrapnHicaL Notice. This, the original species,
was discovered by Labillardiere, on the South West Coast of Australia,
where Mr. Brown found also a second species, and two others have
since been detected by Mr: Cunningham in the interior, from Port
Jackson. The genus, thus confined to Australia, belongs to the same
group as the South American genus, Salpiglossis, and which is as it
were intermediate between Scrophulariacex and Solanacez; but as the
stamens are always didynamous, and the estivation of the corolla in
the young bud decidedly bilabiate, we have no hesitation in refer-
ring it to Scrophulariacee, notwithstanding the slight curvature of the
embryo, which probably induced Mr. Brown to class it amongst
Solanacee.
InTRopucTION; WHERE GRowN; CuLTurE. The Anthocercis
littorea, was first introduced into this country in the year 1803,"and
has ever since remained in our greenhouses, where it grows freely, in
a mixture of sand and peat, and may be readily increased by cuttings.
theless a desirable plant, and the more particularly so in as much as it
continues in blossom during the whole of the summer and autumn.
Our drawing was made in the rich collection of Mrs. Lawrence of
Drayton Green.
DeERIvaTION OF THE NAMEs.
Antuocerctis, from dy@o¢ a flower, — Repeee a ray, intended to signify the ra-
diating flower ; although, according t 1 in composing
these names, the words should have been transposed, and the ‘plant called
Cercidanthus, Laos signifies growing on the sea coast.
SyNONYMEs.
ANTHOCERCIS LITTOREA. eran Basa Hollandiz Plantarum Speci-
men, V. 2, p. 19, t. 158. Bot. Reg. t.
z
lj@ i
MIG det
Sundae
Beyoreece treet hala.
eo
é BEGONIA INCARNATA, Eagan
ee ROSE-COLOURED BEGONIA. iil
oR DICOTYLEDONE &.
Natural division
{ to which =
this Plant belongs.
MONOCHLAMYDER, f>P\on sccagerte 8 divisions.
OF es which
DECANDOLLE, this Fost belongs.
No. 103.
GENUS. Beconra. Linn Fores unisexuales monoici vel divici.
Mascvurr: Serara duo Pea T WuGols conduplicati iva. Prraza duo con-
cava sepalis alterna et minora. Stamina in centro floris sita, numero indefinita,
basi plus minusve coalita. ANTHER# cum filamento continu ue, clavate, con-
nectivo = sige: rima longitudinali sepe obliqua vel sinuosa dehiscent-
ibus. Pistr nullum, Famine#: Catycis tubus ov: aie aie te ¢ adnatus, in-
sequaliter tlateraiy trialatus, limbus bipartitus laciniis westiva.
tione conduplicativa. Prraza sepius duo valde inequalia, alteram (latere tubi
cori asi pe iy opposite cei ag vel eae itum, alterum (latere plano opposi-
vel plu _ Stary ook Ovarium adna
ilik ¥LUS breviagenins
sailabue lab sepalis ‘et petals majori oppositis. ce IGMATA tria, crassa,
Bit vel bilo na, inequaliter trialata, trilo-
cularis, iste. basi rimis ad margines a dehiscens, Semina testa
iaphana reticulata, embryone celluloso, albumine nullo,radicula ad hilum
. Hers su
a
tum, trigonum, triloculare, ] ti
SPECIES. seconra mncarnata. Livx er Orro. Caule erecto ramoso
peers et pve dimidiato-cordatis acuminatis sictlats: densitia et ci-
liato- s glabris vel supra sparse strigosis, stipulis lanceolatis, nee
sativa mu Itifors subterminalibus demum lateralibus, capsule ala
maxima trian
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, BEGoNIA. FLOWERS unisexual mone-
cious or diecious. Mates: Sepals two, distinct, folded against each
centre of the flower and more or less joined together at the base.
PIsTIL none. Fada: Cayx with the tube completely adnate to
the ovarium, unequally three-sided and three-winged, the limb divided
into two nearly equal parts folded against each other inthe bud. Per-
TALS usually two, one bifid or bipartite, the other smaller-and entire,
REFERENCE TO THE mmeenie
bere ten wares petals taken away, showing the stamens. 2, Anther, seen from
seen from the edge. 5, Stigma magnified. 6, ae oe
sit ins din dni Alsen sts ata adie 7, Section of the fruit,
sometimes four or more. STAMENS none. Ovary adnate, three-an-
gled, three-celled, with polyspermous central placente. STYLE short
and thick, three-lobed. St1iemas three, waved or two-lobed. CapsuLE
membranous three-sided, unequally three-winged, three-celled, many
_ seeded, opening at the base in slits along the margin of the wings.
Sreps with a thin transparent reticulate testa, a very cellular embryo,
no albumen, and a short radicle directed towards the hilum.
DescripTION OF THE Spectres, Begonia INcaRNAaTA. STEM
herbaceous, three to four feet high, smooth, swollen at the joints.
Leaves on rather long foot-stalks, very unequally cordate, acuminate,
angularly toothed or almost lobed, and also furnished with a number
of small ciliate serratures of a shining green, with a few scattered hairs
above, smooth and often reddish underneath. Streuxes lanceolate,
pellucid. PepuNcLEs two or three times dichotomous, at first appa-
rently terminal, but becoming at length lateral, nodding. BracTeas
ovate cordate, deciduous. FLOWERS moneecious, large, rose-coloured.
Mates: Sepats large, round-cordate. Prras nearly as long, but
narrow, spathulate. STaMENs connected together at the base. AN-
THERS oblong-clavate, rather longer than the fore part of the filaments.
FemaLes: Loses of the calyx smaller than the sepals of the males,
and not so broad. One PETAL (opposite the convex side of the ovary)
as large as the divisions of the calyx, and, more or less deeply and
unequally divided into two; the other petal nearly as long, but much
narrower. CapsuLE three-winged, one very large, triangular, with a
sharp or somewhat blunt external angle; the opposite one considerably
smaller, and very blunt; the lateral one very narrow.
Poputar AnD GrocrapnicaL Notice. The genus Begonia, nu-
merous in species, and widely diffused in the hotter regions of both
hemispheres, with the exception, perhaps, of the continent of Africa,
has, by the singularity of its structure, much puzzled the most distin-
guished botanists, both as to the nature of the floral parts, and as
to the affinities of the genus forming by itself the order Begoniacez
it was formerly considered as having but a simple floral envelope, and
as being allied amongst Monochlamydew to Polygonacee. This
opinion is now, however, generally abandoned. All appear to agree
in classing it amongst vegetables of a higher order of structure, with
a double floral envelope; some considering the divisions of the appa-
rent perigon as a true corolla, the calyx being supposed to be abor-
tive; and others following Lindley the perigon of the ordinary species
as a calyx, and the additional divisions observable in some as the
corolla. The affinities of the order have been severally sought in
Hydrangee, Umbellifere, Campanulacee, Cucurbitacee, and Ona-
grariex.
With regard to the floral envelopes, starting from the principle that
all such organs are intrinsically of the same nature, viz: transformed
leaves, and that the difference between calyx and corolla depends
merely on their relative position, we may observe that in Begonia
re a ( “es feast _ ae peo I a —_— a to siren in
both mz g the
others in the bud, and which 3 in the females are in direct relation with
the two principal wings of the ovary; these alone ought perhaps to be
considered as the calyx ; whilst the others, whether two, three, or more,
th
pear to me to have all the distinguishing marks of pet
One sruaees ie oe sma of a disepalous calyx with an adherent
tube, may how the nervation of this supposed adhe-
rent part, sence we fecha observe three wings or prominent nerves, and
three intermediate less marked nerves. Let us however suppose the
tube of the calyx so completely adherent as to form but one substance
with the ovarium, we ought thus in the young state, when the cal
is the strong organ, and the functions of the ovarium not yet called into
action, to find the form approaching that which the calyx would give
it, and as this organ withers away and the ovarium commences to de-
pd itself, the outer form might be expected to suit itself more or less
o the structure of the ovarium. Accordingly in the young bud, of
sani sven at least, we find the tube very much sn ar
the two edges corresponding to the midribs of the sepals prom
nently wage one side perfectly flat with a vein along the sacs
where the sepals may be supposed to meet, the other side convex with
one corresponding vein sometimes winged and sometimes not more
prominent than the other; and if in this early stage intermediate veins
may be traced on the convex side and not on the flat one, the
faint as to show that they are of a secondary nature, or perhaps belong-
ing to the ovarium and not to the calyx. As the fruit swells after fe-
cundation, the convex side becomes more prominent, the intermediate
veins more marked; and finally, though even the fruit is usually very
irregular, in this respect, yet we may sometimes see a nearly equi-
lateral triangular three-winged capsule. In one species I have occa-
sionally found one cell of the ovary not developed, and a regular
compressed two-winged capsule.
It is probable that no immediate affinities to Begoniacee can be
traced amongst any plants hitherto known, and that some remote an-
alogy is all that can be looked for with an order so strikingly charac-
terised. Laying entirely aside the few orders still left amongst Mono-
chlamydex, and neglecting also Monopetale, for it does not appear
that anything but the dehiscence of the capsule, the least important of
all carpological characters, led to the approximation with Campanula-
cex, it is amongst calyciflorous Polypetale that we must seek for the
nearest allies. Of these Hydrange and Umbellifere appear to me to
have no connection of any importance with Begoniacee; ‘but Cucurbi-
tacew and Onagracew, near which Lindley has lately placed them, have
certainly many essential points in common with them. Cucurbitacee,
in particular, have the same unisexual flowers, ternary inferior fruit,
and want of albumen, with a certain degree of resemblance in the
styles and anthers; but on the other hand their habit, their tendrils,
definite stamens, the absolute as well as relative number of the floral
equally important characters in which they widely differ. The regu-
lar, isomerous, quaternary, floral and carpellary parts of Onagracex,
are still more incompatible with Begoniacez. Perhaps some affinity
might also be traced in Portulacee, many of which have, like Bego-
niacee, stipulate leaves, a dichotomous inflorescence, two sepals
occasionally semi-adherent, with a ternary ovarium, axile placente,
and petals and stamens bearing no regular relation either to the calyx
or to the ovary; but here, again, the structure of the seeds, and the
want of dissepiments in the ovarium, which is, moreover, usually free,
are very important points of difference.
The species, of which a slight variety, very graceful in appearance,
ornamental with the Brazilian ones, and have the advantage of
requiring rather less heat.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CULTURE. The Begonia incar-
nata was first obtained from some earth in which other Mexican plants
were sent to the Berlin Garden from M. Deppe. It was thence sent to
Edinburgh, by some mistake, under the name of Begonia ciliata, and
Dr. Graham ascertaining it was not that species, described it as a new
ene, giving it the name of Begonia insignis, by which it is generally
known in this country. Like other Begonias it likes a light mixture
of peat, loam, and sand. Without requiring, in ordinary circumstances,
any high degree of temperature, it is easily forced, and made to pro-
duce its handsome drooping branches of flowers in great profusion at
all times of the year. Our drawing was made from a plant in the Bir-
mingham Horticultural Society's garden. We were favoured also with
a drawing from a fine specimen in the nursery of Mr. Henderson, of
Pine-apple Place, London. ~ =
“s Derivation or THE Names.
EGONIA, named by T, i i
moter of Botany. Spanteenice a
SYNONY MES,
— INcaRNATA, Link and Otto. Abbildungen, t. 19,
eee Rio Graham: Botanical agazine, t. 2900, Botanical Re-
Ce. ;
Ch sing frcuclovestlea at
ERICA PSEU’DO-VESTITA.
~ CLOTHED HYBRID HEATH.
EXOGENZ, OR DICOTYLEDONE&.
Natural division
to which
this Plant ones f
NATURAL ORDER, ERICACE,
Artificial a | onunenie
by) to which as ods ed
a this Plant a
No. 104,
GENUS. Erica. Linvzus. ines aualie profunde os se se-
pius qua adriparti tus. Coro.xua tubulo: , cam
ulata vel globosa, limbo brevi quadrifido, ‘erecto recurvo este eat Habba:
CALYCIFLORE,
OF
DECANDOLLE.
uloso inserta. FILaMENTA libera vel —— ee ha. ANTHERE
cristatisve aucte vel mutice. Ovarium pel bt ‘paul pluriovulatis,
vel quadrifi APSULA S seaumeeag aie a pana’ alvi vis. ae in
loculis pera ee tig Fror p Pp
tro-Africanez. ius li ia rigid —
ICELLI uniflori axillares vel terminales tribracteati,
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, Ertca. Caxyx deeply four-cleft, or
more frequently divided into four distinct sepals of equal size. Co-
ROLLA tubular, salver-shaped, pitcher-shaped, bell-shaped, or globular,
with a short four-cleft limb, which is erect, recurved, rolled back, or
spreading. STAMENs eight, or rarely six or seven, inserted under an
hypogynous disk, which is frequently glandular. Fmaments free, or
slightly monadelphous. ANTHERS terminal or lateral, with or without
two subulate or crest-shaped appendages at the insertion of the fila-
ments. Ovary four-celled, each cell with many ovules. Styx
filiform. StiemMa capitate, or sometimes broad and peltate, entire
or four-lobed. CapsuLe four-celled, splitting through the middle
of the cells into four valves. SeEps numerous in each cell, attached
to central placentz.
DESCRIPTION OF THE CLOTHED HYBRID HeatH. An erect shrub,
having much the appearance of the smaller varieties of Erica vestita.
BrancHeEs smooth, densely covered with leaves. Leaves subulate,
about half an inch long, smooth, six or more in a whorl. FLowers
drooping, growing one, two, or three together, at the end of the axillary
branches, shorter than the leaves, which gives the appearance of an
irregular spike below the extremity of the branches. Bracrs linear,
unequal in length, much shorter than the sepals, and at some distance
from them. Sepats about three lines long, shortly ovate at the base,
keeled, with a membranous margin, and terminating in a long subulate,
green, and leaf-like point. Coroua seven or eight lines long, pink,
with a whitish limb, tubular, straight or slightly curved, slightly
swelling in the middle or above it, and scarcely contracted at the
top, perfectly smooth, and obscurely ribbed; the limb short, somewhat
spreading. ANTHERS at the throat of the corolla with subulate appen-
ages. Svy.e rather longer than the corolla, with a rather large
capitate stigma. Ovary turbinate, ribbed, woolly.
Poputar aNp Geocrapuicat Notice. This is one of those innu-
merable artificial hybrids, which are almost daily added to this splen-
did tribe by our indefatigable horticulturists; and which appear in our
catalogues as natives of the Cape of Good Hope, where, indeed, their
ancestors grew, but where it would be in vain to search for anything
like these their degenerate, though beautiful, descendants. There
ms no reason to suspect that a single Heath, naturally hybrid,
has ever been found in a wild state; and as it appears absolutely
necessary that the same artificial process which produces them, should
be made use of to enable them to mature their seeds, their repug-
nancy to the regular laws of nature is as clearly demonstrated in the
case of this genus as in that of any other. With regard to the origin
of the individual here figured, it is evident that Erica vestita, with
which it has so much affinity, must have been one of the parents. The
other one may, perhaps, have been selected from amongst the tubular
species with terminal flowers and awned anthers; or, more probably,
from some one of the already numerous hybrids between Erica vestita
and Erica ventricosa. Ge B.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTURE. This beautiful vari-
ety of Heath was raised from seed by Mr. Thomas Williams, gardener
to John Williams, Esq. of Oldford, Staffordshire; and is one amongst
many hundred varieties raised by the same ienledatignble cultivator.
The generating, as it may be termed, numerous attractive plants, like
that which we now figure, may be counted amongst the benefits accru-
ing to society by the united zeal of a liberal proprietor and intelligent
tdener. With the description of another beautiful variety of Heath,
raised at Oldford, we intend giving some original observations on the
culture of these plants.
Derivation or THE Name.
Iresien Ou a supposition that it was some species of this genus that Pliny
meant by his Erica; oe Dioscorides or Theophrastns ‘by their 4 — PsEvpo-
vestiTA, false vesti rica vestita,
a name not eden, it is true, to the rules of betanieat® nomenclature
but well suited to a garden hybrid, — which a good botanical name, in
numerous a genus, would be thrown aw:
7
waht?
ton ‘
TCD 2ecy
~
dip feat earn
tort.
GLOXIN'IA SPECIO'SA.
~ SHOWY GLOXINIA.
EXOGENE. : OR DICOTYLEDONES.
Na — division
‘ o which ~
this Plant a 4
NATURAL ORDER, GESNERACEA,
CALYCIFLORA, Artificial divisions
OF to which AN apache ev AE
DECANDOLLE. this Plant a OF LINNEUS.
No. 105. ‘
GENUS. Guoxinta.. I’ Heririzr. Catyx ovarii Sean niasies, limbo a
quepartito libero. Cororza semisuperior obliqua, infundibuliformis aut ca:
ta subringens, basi postice gibba, tubo ventricoso, limbi patuli fabio superiore | bilobo,
i ilobo. is coherentibus ; rudim
quinti posticum. GLANDULZ quinque perigyne, Capsota uniloealars, bivalvis,
placentis duabus parietalibus epiits seminibus numerosis oblongis. TUBER crassum.
Cavtis simplex vel subnullus, Forta opposita crassa, Pook s ted axillares,
-saieeeaerte: yen SPECIOSA. LoppicEs. Fouts cano-hirsutis ovali-ellip-
ticis » pedunculis ae flore longioribus, segmentis calycis angu-
latis ccominadll Gihercentha.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, a iss: CALyxi eto
half of the ovary, the limb five-cleft, free. Coro semai-iupexian,
oblique, funnel shaped or bellshaped somewhat gaping at the mouth,
the tube gibbous at the base on the upper side, swelled in the middle,
the limbs preading two-lipped, the upper lip of two, the lower of three
divisions. Stamens four, didynamous, the anthers cohering. Rupi-
MENT of a fifth stamen on the upper side. GLanps five, perigynous.
CapsuteE one-celled, two-valved, with two parietal two-cleft placente,
and numerous oblong seeds. Ss
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, GLOXINIA SPECIOSA, -Tuser
thick. Svem thick, simple, sometimes very short and entirely concealed
by the leaves, sometimes lengthened out to the dimensions. of a foot,
always more or less hairy. L&aves varying in size from four to six or
eight inches in length, borne on short or long footstalks, more or less
ovate and elliptical, sometimes very broad and rounded or even heart-
shaped at the base, occasionally, especially the upper ones narrowed
at the base, always crenate, soft, thick, convex or bullate, and covered
with whitish hairs on both sides; upper floral leaves generally reduced
to a very small size. FLowers large and numerous, forming a hand-
some bunch within the leaves, usually shorter than they are, sometimes
26
far out-topping them. Each flower is borne ona long axillary ebracte-
ate peduncle. Caxyx broadly campanulate, the tube short and adher-
ing to the ovarium, the divisions more or less broadly lanceolate, ter-
minating in a point, from half an inch to three quarters in length,
green, hairy, and foliaceous. Corowa nodding, from one and a half
to two and a half inches in length, violet coloured on the outside, the
divisions of the limb broad rounded, the lower one rather longer and
smaller and more deeply separated than the others, all of them pale on
the inside, the throat purple and the tube streaked inside white and
purple.
Popuar AND Geocrapuicat Notice. Two supposed species of
Gloxinia, speciosa and caulescens, are well known to our hothouse ama-
teurs by name, but, in any large collection, so gradual a connecting link
between the one and the other may be observed, as to render it impos-
sible to draw any line of distinction; and this is not entirely owing to
hybridising, although that has been much practised, but owing to their
being naturally but varieties of one species, as shown by native speci-
mens, and consequently garden seedlings must be expected to sport
even beyond the limits observed in their own country, the Brasilian em-
pire. The present variety, intermediate between the two extremes in
the length of the stem, exceeds most of them in the beauty of colour and
size of the flower. : G. B.
Intropuction; Wuere GROWN; CoLTurE. The species was first
introduced about the year 1815, and being of easy cultivation is become
common in our hothouses. The beautiful variety, the subject of the
present plate, was raised by Mrs. Lawrence of Drayton Green, where
_ our drawing was made. To this lady—a most liberal patron of flori-
culture, we are also indebted for numerous specimens of the most
splendid newly-introduced exotics. This fine variety of Gloxinia
Speciosa requires to be kept in the stove; and should be permitted to
have a season of rest, by keeping the soil nearly dry when its tuber
becomes dormant. It may be raised by cuttings, either of the leaves
or stems, and should be potted in a rich soil, mixed with coarse sand.
Derivation or tHE Name.
Groxm1a named by L’ Heéritier i h = :
Sreciosa, Seas ree Fin Aonour of Gloxin, a botanist of Colmar.
G Synonrmes.
LOXINIA SPECIOSA, Loddiges’ Botanical Cabinet, t. 28. Botanical Reg. t. 213.
IN ScENs, Botanical Register, t. 1127,
Cc
Guoxinta cave
>
*
ee Chorogomat Buihpanct’. Novi se
ia ea
CHOROZE’MA DICKSONII.
DICKSON’ CHOROZEMA.
EXOGENZ, oR DICOTYLEDONE &.
Natural division
to which
this Plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, LEGUMINOSA.
eg eee Artificial divisions DECANDRIA,
to which MONOGYNIa,
dncinestal: this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS,
No. 106.
GENUS. Cuorozema. Lapittarpiere. Catyx ad medium vel brevius
bilabiatus, a superiore a nag fork Sea tripartito. CoroLLe
ix longius, rotundat vel bifidum. Artz oblonge
basi iirestate Carina is Saori frre cosa, gactstens Sramina libera, fila-
mentis glabris. Ovarrum sessile vel breviter stipitatum, dense pluriovulatum.
Srytus brevis, uncinato-recurvus, glaber. Sriama obliquum vel subrectum,
tenue vel capitatum. LrecumEn ovatum, sessile vel subsessile, turgidum, intus
nudum. Hers suffrutices, fruticesve. Fouta alterna vel sparsa, simplicia,
coriacea, sepius glabra. Stieutz parve,subulate. InrLrorEscENTIA a racemosa
. vel axillaris s nh m terminalem foliosum approximatis.
ti
PEDICELLI Viet Pome Sebati vel aurantiaci. Benraam: Annalen
des Wiener Museums, v. p. 74.
SPEC ac Cu orozeMA Dickson, caule fruticoso, erecto; foliis sparsis,
lanceolatis, is, mucronatis, sub-recurvis, utrinque sub-pilosis; racemis
foliis 5 oipieaitta, spicatis; calyce pilis nigris, et albidis longioribus, vestito.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, CyorozemMa. CALyx split to the iniddle
or not so deeply into two lips, of which the upper one is broad and
shortly two-cleft; the lower one deeply three-cleft. STANDARD scarcely
longer than the wings, round, emarginate or two-cleft. Wuves oblong,
narrowed at the base. Ket shorter than the wings, ventricose, blunt.
StTaMENS free, the filaments smooth. Ovary sessile or borne on a short
stalk, with several ovules. Styzte short, hooked, smooth. Sticma
oblique or nearly straight, slender or capitate. Pop ovate, sessile or
nearly so, swollen, without any pithy substance inside. :
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, CHorRoOzEMA Dicksonit. SuHrRvup
erect, branched, slender, twigs ascending, green, hairy, and sprinkled
with darker green spots. Leaves lanceolate, spreading or reflected,
ciliated, and having generally, on both surfaces, a few long spreading
hairs, mucronate, without stipules, shortly petiolate. RAcEMES oppo-
site to the leaves, spicate; pedicels cernuous, solitary in the axils of
subulate deciduous bracts. FLOwERs few on each raceme, collected
near the apex, large and handsome, orange-red. Calyx _bilabiate,
somewhat attenuated at the base, on the outside as well as the pedicels
and rachis hairy, the hairs being partly long, white, and spreading,
partly short, adpressed, and black, on the inside purple and less
hairy; upper lip bifid, the lobes diverging and broad; lower lip tri-
partite, the segments lanceolate-subulate, reflected. Preraxs. inserted
near the base of the calyx, vexillum large, semi-orbicular, reflected,
notched, of nearly uniform red orange on both sides, and towards the
keel with an oblong yellow spot which is rather longer than the upper
lip of the calyx; wings spathulato-elliptical, redder and darker than the
vexillum, connivent along the upper edge and at the apex, pitted on
the outside, and having a corresponding blunt tooth within; keel sub-
acute, covered by the wings, inflated, its petals agglutinated from the
apex to the claws, which are linear and distant. Stamens included
in the keel, ten, free; anthers small, yellow, erect, bursting in front.
PisTiL about the same length as the stamens; stigma slightly pointed;
style flat, with a dense tuft of short white hairs immediately below the
stigma on its outer side, and a small hook above; germen stipulate,
closely covered with rather long adpressed hairs, colourless and silky
on the sides, black at both sutures. OvuLEs numerous, (about ten.)
R.G
Popurar anp Grocrapuican Notice. Australia, that fertile, and
most promising country, has exclusively furnished us with numerous
genera of plants, particularly of the order Leguminose, amongst which
our present subject ranks with conspicuous heauty. The first plant of
this genus was discovered by Labillardiere, who was attached to the
voyage of research, which had for its principal object the discovery of
the lost La Perouse, and the genus thereby becomes immortalized
by its connexion with these celebrated men.
Prt Uebel ilies GRowN; CuLture. This very handsome
plant J Dicl d Sons, of Edinburgh, from
seeds received in . 1836, from Mrs. Murray of Lintrose, Forfarshire,
having been originally imported from Swan River. Its present height,
(January, 1839) is three feet, but it appears not unlikely to grow to
ble this height. It flowers in the greenhouse from May to Septem-
ber. It may be propagated either from seeds or cuttings, and should
be planted in sandy peat and loam.
Derivation OF THE Names.
reek pod! cHORos, a dance; Enua zEMa a drink, in
allusion to the joy Sarenrhy Labillardiere on. finding fresh water and a
pe sof Chorozema ne
— from the G
1 a
: patrepha frariclareafoton
JA‘'TROPHA PANDURAFOLIA.
FIDDLE-LEAVED JATROPHA.
EXOGENA, : oR DICOTYLEDONEZ.
“¢ Natural division
to which peice
this Plant belongs,
NATURAL ORDER, EUPHORBIACEA.
mab rte ame 4 fies ficial divisions. ~ MONGCIA,
to which a - MONADELPHIA,
DECANDOR SAE e Plant belongs. ia OF LINNEUS,
No. 107. ‘
GENUS. Jarrorna. Linvzvs. .Firores monoici, Caryx quinqueparti-
tus aut quinquelobus; prefloratio convolutiva. Cororna quinquepartita aut
nulla; prefloratio contorta. GianpuL# aut squamule quinque, rarius nulle,
nune distincte, nune in annulum sinuatum discumve coalite, Mascugr:
Stamina octo ad decem, filamentis infra connatis, quorum tria vel quinque in-
teriora longiora. Femrner. Srvx tres, bilobi bifidive, aut plures dichotomi.
Sriemara sex aut plura. Ovartvm triloculare, loculis we stata Fructus
capsularis tricoccus. ARBORES aut frati ices, pitas her w lactescentes. Fora
alterna, integra ve vel lobata, , corymbosi, plerum
que ‘non et colorati. Adrien de Jussieu de Rushortieatee generibus,
7.
8 Jarno PANDURS FOLIA. pene. _ Gxers Spe im af
ovato-oblon: 4
alibus, c i 3 erie pmanciaviepee pening tama
quinque interioribus longiori
' CHARACTER OF THE di dori. _ Frowers | ifvacicious.
of five petals or none, twisted in the bud. G
five, seldom none, either distinct or joined together in a little : ring al
disk. Mae flowers: SraMens eight or ten, the filaments joined
together at the base, three or five inner ones longer t than the others.
FEMALE flowers: Styies three, two-lobed or ati or several :
times dichotomous. Stiamas six, or several. OVARY
with one ovule in each cell. Frurr capsular, of three © cocci.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, JATROPHA PANDUREFOLIA. SHRUB
of two or three feet in height, without any hairs, but the stem often
marked with oblong tubercles. Leaves on short foot-stalks, three or four
inches long, usually obovate-oblong, ending in a long point, broad and
entire, or with here and there a very small tooth in the upper part,
contracted below the middle, and near the base there are more or less
of sharp teeth, and sometimes acuminated lobes, green on the upper
side, tinged more or less with red underneath. StipvLEs very
minute, setaceous, with a broad base. Corymss terminal, on long
foot-stalks. Bracts lanceolate at the base of each ramification, the
lower ones half an inch long, the upper ones much shorter. CaLyx
reddish, bell-shaped, with five teeth or short lobes. PrTaxs five,
three times as long as the calyx, slightly connected at the base,
obovate or obcordate, of a rich red colour. STaMeENs in the males,
ten, five outer ones just projecting above the tube of the corolla, five
longer inner ones. CapsuLe of the females large and smooth.
PopuLar aND GeoGrapHicaL Notice. This genus, chiefly in-
habiting the tropical regions of both continents, is numerous in species,
even after the deduction of the Manihots (Janipha), and the Sipho-
nias, or American Caoutchouc trees. They are many of them very
ornamental, and furnish some very powerful medicines, amongst
others the celebrated Curcas of East India. The present species
belongs to a West Indian group remarkable for their large red petals,
all of which would be very desirable acquisitions. G. B.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. The J atropha Pan-
durefolia was first introduced by Mr. J. Fraser from the island of
Cuba, in the beginning of the present century. It has ever since
remained in our stoves, though not very frequently seen. The great
_impulse lately given to, Horticulture has induced not only the intro-
duction of novelties, but the searching out of many old but beautiful
plants lying almost neglected in our stoves; amongst others the
__ present one certainly rivals in appearance many of the handsome new
Euphorbias. Our drawing was made in July, from a plant in the rich
collection of Mrs. Lawrence of Drayton Green. When successfully
cultivated, it is not only a handsome shrub, but a very free flowerer,
, and deserving a place in every well-stocked stove. Itshould be potted
in a mixture of loam, peat, and sand; and, like other milky succulent
plants, have an ample quantity of drainers beneath its roots, and be
rather sparingly watered in winter. It may be propagated by cuttings,
which should be made in spring just before it commences growing.
When these are taken from the parent plant, they should be laid by
in the stove, for twenty-four hours at least, previous to being planted.
This will reduce their juices, and prevent premature decay. After-
wards plant them in sand, and give a strong bottom heat, which will
soon excite them to active vegetation.
DERIVATION or THE NAMES
Jatropua, from iarpoc a physician, and rpogn food, from its importance in
medicine. Panpursrormis, in botanical Latin ashape compared to that of
our fiddles, though nothing like that of the Renin pandura,
Synonrmes.
JatTRopHA Panpur#&rouia.* Sims: Botanical Magazine, t. 604.
tk Phar tier adiet
% pe gpai iret at i ge an wee Meritt xc
a
@
,
GONGO’RA ATROPURPU REA.
DARK PURPLE GONGORA.
ENDOGENE, = oR MONOCOTYLEDONER-
; iP es
= Natural division
*- to which :
"ag plant belongs.
ep ae ORDER, ORCHIDACEZ.
GYNASNDROSR, Artificial divisions f Sy. GYNANDRIA,
OF to which ' MONANDRIA,
LINDLEY. this Plant belongs , OF LINNEUS,
ee gww rer
Zoe iow wee
ea
No. 108.
GENUS. Goncora. “His z-ET Pavon. Peeucomr Bagi foliola exte-
riora lateralia st ee supremum column nz dorso adnatum; interiora
minora, columne medio connata. Lapeiium cum basi Ceili continuum,
liberum, Saaiicdlatun, nypochilio explanato utrinque cornuto, oe Oe verti- .
cali ancipiti (faciebus oppositis complicatis connatis) acuminato. CotumnNna
elongata, arcuata, clavata marge wie AN — ineo tee bilocularis. Por.
tii duo linearia i Bx Americane, epiphyte,
pseudo-bulbose. Fortra aac ‘Racemi snail? Mata multiflori. Enp-
LicnEr: Genera Plantarum, p. 1
SPECIES GonGORA ATROPURPUREA. Hoorer. Foxtts miultiplieais, per
te foliolis herons lata basi acuminatis, ——— ub-quadricornuto
enticulis in
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, Goncona. PERIGON noreaciae, the
outer lateral divisions free and divaricate, the upper one adnate to the
back of the column, the inner one smaller, adnate to the middle of the
column. LaBeELLUM continuous with the base of the column, free,
unguiculate; the hypochilium spreading, cornute on’ both sides, the
epichilium vertical, flattened, with the opposite faces folded together
and connate, acuminate. CoLuMN long, arched, club-shaped, with
a margin. ANTHER incompletely bilocular. POLLEN-MASsEs two,
linear, sessile, on a wedge-shapéd caudicula.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, GONGORA ATROPURPUREA. PseEv-
po-BULBS oblong-cylindrical, deeply sulcate, two-leaved. LEAVES
ovate lanceolate, with many longitudinal folds, rather wavy, a
long. Racemes from the base of the pseudo-bulbs, about two or
sometimes three feet long, hanging, lax, simple, of a deep brown or
chocolate colour which pervades every part of the flower. Upper
sEPAL lanceolate, obtuse, adnate at the base to the back of the column,
the margins revolute. LaTERAL sEPALs broader, likewise revolute at
the margins, spreading from the base of the column. PgrTALs much
smaller, broad, with a twisted apex, and adnate to the sides of the
column just below its centre. LaBELLUM continuous with the base of
the column, the lower part or hypochilium somewhat spreading, with
two erect appendages or horns on each side; those next the column
linear and obtuse, the others terminated in a pointed apex; extremity
of the labellum or epichilium folded, with the faces adnate so as to
form a vertical triangular plate, sharp at its lower edge, furrowed on
the upper edge, attached by one angle which is obtuse, the two other
angles terminating in a fine point, CoxumN about an inch long,
curved, somewhat club-shaped. ANTHERS terminal, yellow.
Poputar anp Geocrapuicat Notice. A small but very singular
South American genus, one species being found in Peru and the
present one in Trinidad, where, like other epiphytes, they hang from
the stems of trees. : G. B.
. Intropuction; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE.. This species was
transmitted to this country from the isle of Trinidad, by the late Baron
de Schach, and first flowered in the Liverpool Botanic Garden, in the
year 1825. It has since been much multiplied, and under the hands
of such cultivators as the Messrs. Loddiges, in whose splendidly
stocked Orchidaceous plant house our drawing was made, specimens
may be seen with twenty or thirty magnificent spikes hanging from
the same tuft, all round the pot in which it is grown. Dr. Lindley
has observed in his Lady’s Botany, “It is in tropical countries, in
damp woods, or on the sides of hills in a serene and equal climate,
that these glorious flowers are seen in all their beauty. Seated on the
branches of living trees, or resting among the decayed bark of fallen
trunks, or running over mossy rocks, or hanging above the head of
the admiring: traveller, suspended from the gigantic arm of some
monarch of the forest, they develope flowers of the gayest colours,
and the most varied forms, and they often fill the woods at night with
their mild and delicate fragrance.” Notwithstanding the beauty which
they display in their own tropical woods, it is questionable. whether
native specimens were ever found equalling those to which we haye
alluded.
DERIVATION oF THE Names.
Goncora, named by Ruiz and Pavon in honour of a Spani
Atropurrvrga, dark purple. paniard of that name.
Syn
GoNGORA ATROPURPUREA. Hooker:
ONYMEs.
Exotic Flora, t, eas
and Species, p. 159. 178, Lindley: Genera
y
oc
f . f
POR AES FAA teliculatltid
~
ENKIAN’THUS RETICULA’TUS.,
pepe NETTED ENKIANTHUS.
DICOTYLEDONE &.
Natural division
to which
this Plant a
NATURAL ORDERS ERICACER,
CALYCIFLORA, Artificial vision DECANDRIA,
oF : ' MONOGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE. this Plant Peis OF LINNEDS.
No.
Shes) = Exxsawracs. Lovretno. Cavex pests, 5. fidus. _ Coroua
maul Stamina I f salietaherta, lon, ANTHER# bicorn Ova
RIUM Ze bjoenleny polyspermum. Sricema simplex. Gisoura stylo cians
“Spices Bocuse RETICULATUS. Linprey. Foxus oblongis utrin-
que acutis reticulatis breviter r petiolatis, calycis segmentis ovatis ovario multo
brevioribus foveis obscuris vix vix diaphanis.
CHaracTER OF THE Genus, ENKIANTHUS. Catxyx 5-cleft persistent.
Coroia campanulate, 5-cleft, and easily separable into 5 petals (with
a nectariferous pit at the base of each) alternate with the segments of
the “nme STAMENS hairy, inserted into the base of the corolla. AN-
THERS two-horned. Ovary 5-celled many-seeded. Sricma simple.
Capsu Le crowned by the persistent whe
4
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, ENKIANTHUS RETICULATUS. Small
Sarvs. Branches naked, erect, nearly simple, leafy to p.
Leaves oblong, narrowed at each end, reticulated, slightly eee
Umsexs of flowers terminal, placed among the n
ous pale linear-lanceolate bracts. FLOWERS soli
campanulate, 5-toothed, teeth obtuse, at the base are 5
pits, scarcely transparent, crimson,smooth within. | Se iaine 10, half
the length of the corolla, into the base of which they are inserted ; fila-
sicnts sabalaie hairy dilated and approximating at the base. Awraens
two-horned, opening at the apex by a double pore. Ovary oblong,
5-celled, many seeded. STYLE persistent, filiform, as long as the cor-
olla. Stigma simple. Frurr a capsule, crowned with the style.
Poputar snp GeocrapuicaL Notice. This and another species
of this beautiful genus of shrubs, were long held in great veneration by
the Chinese; the former was not introduced into Britain til] 1812. It
closely approaches Arbutus in character, but is distinguished by its
capsular, not baccate, fruit.
REFERENCE TO THE DissEecTiIoNs.
1, Flower cut in half, showing the position of the stamens. 2,3, Stamens magnified to show the
two.horned anther.
club-shaped pedicels. Caxyx small, acute minutely, ciliated, and ma- >
ny times shorter than the ovary. Coroiia oe, eR. ie
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. Weare indebted to the
kindness of John Willmore, Esq. of Oldford, Staffordshire, for the spe-
cimen drawn.. Mr. T. Williams, his zealous and talented gardener, in-
forms us that to encourage this plant to flower it should be actively
stimulated when it begins to shoot, by being removed from the Green-
ouse into the Stove. Mr. R.A. Salisbury, who wrote an interesting —
notice of it, was of opinion that it might bear full exposure in the
southern parts of the island, if planted against a wall, and protected
during frost. He was led to this view by observing the structure of
the buds, which are large, scaly, and viscid, like those of the Rhodo-
dendra. This isan important guide in acclimatising plants, since those
shrubs and trees, the buds of which are either naturally provided with
scales, or have the power of forming them when placed in a colder situ-
ation than their natural locality, and, above all, if created with a vis-
cid resinous juice like those of the horse-chesnut, and many poplars,
will bear without injury a very low temperature.
the honey below. He therefore suggested that, when kept where
the bees have no access, the stigma should be artificially fecundated
by sprinkling the pollen over it. .
In its natural situation it is chiefly indebted to the agency of insects
for the continuation of the species. Man in his pride is apt to think
“That many a flower is born to blush unseen,”
if it bloom remote from the place of his abode 3 but a more extended
knowledge of Nature reveals to us that every flower has its attendant
insect or bird, to minister to its necessities, or benefit by its processes.
The naturalist, th erefore, instead of indulging an unbecoming vanity,
has his mind prepared to see
God every where, sustaining and directing ;
So that the earth shall yield her secrets up,
Derivation oF THE Names.
Bak: +h . Pe » a +, 1 W
t fang
Reticulatus, from the reticulated or netted veins of the leaves,
SYNONYMES.
MIMULUS CARDINA‘LIS.
CARDINAL MONKEY FLOWER.
as = A DICOTYLEDONES.
Some es
NATURAL ORDER, SCROPRULARIACEA.
page | DIDYNAMIA,
WAS | ANGIOSPERMIA,
my A iii sae ot OF LINNEUS.
No. 2.
GENUS. Mrmvcoes. Lannevs.. Catyx pilangttcte” CoroLta gre
aoe limbo bi-tri-lobato, Io baequalib bus. Sricma bilamellatum. Dis-
sepimenta lateribus placentifera. - SPRENGEL.
"SPECIES. Mimvnvs CARDINA LIs. Dovetas. Cavxe erecto,laxé ramoso,
Fours obovatis dentatis, basi cobestis Frorigus axillarib bus, ped-
COROLLIFLORE,
OF >
DECANDOLLE.
is brevioribus, calyce costato quinque dentato. Corouta. eGecinea, bila-
ata, labii superioris laciniis reflexis. |
_ CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, fe fpaapiienl Cor-
OLLA somewhat campanulate, two or three bas ,lo y equal.
Sricma of two Bistes. ar lamelle. Piepinenaylerstivoe at the
margins, es
DESCRIPTION OF THE Fericns: Min CARD]
two and a half to three feet high, erect, |
with long delicate hairs. Leaves of a pale eotewich green, hairy ovate
regularly toothed, soft and hairy. Coroua internally of a bright
scarlet, but of a pale reddish yellow on the outside ; its border is divi-
ded into four rather convex lobes, all of which are oblong and notched
at the end, and the lowermost is the widest. Along the base of each
segment passes a short ~ reddish a line which loses itself in the
tube.
ionably, rexcited the
greatest interest. amongst floes Mise 4 Its flowers possess much
beauty, and their colour is‘by no aan a common one in the garden.
They exhibit the same irritability in the stigma, which the other species
of Mimulus are known to possess. The two plates of the stigma, at an
early period in the stage of flowering, are separate and apart, but so soon
as the pollen falls upon the inner surface they collapse, and it has heen |
thought never again open. This latter circumstance is, however, depen-
dent on contingencies, for if its collapse take place at an early period
_ REFERENCE TO THE Dissgcrions.’
3 4.48. 2, Cor.
olla nope to shew the stamens winched thereto. 3, oe anther ovement 4, an anther after the
discharge of its pollen. 5,
ee
a a ei oe een — — | aie hating dint
of ton development, it certainly will Teopen, ome such a portion of
. a iP
gee
g influence. Itis
ut any peculiar quality of the péliea that excites hes stigma to action,
for the like effect is produced by the contact of any other substance.
If it be touched with the finger only, it immediately closes, but as such
ve any matter resting on the stigma, it would soon»
recover from this’ effect. Although there exists a great difference be-
tween the interior and exterior surfaces of the plates of the stigma, their
capability of excitement seems to be nearly equal. The outer surface is
entirely smooth, whilst the inner one is wholly clothed with transparent
glandular little spines, in the manner of the palate of some animals,
which may bid defiance to the escape of a captured insect in the one,
as would be the case with a grain of pollen in the other.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GRowN; CuLTurE. The Mimulus cardina-
lis was introduced from California, by the late Mr. Douglas, into the
garden of the Horticultural Society at Chiswick. It may be propaga-
ted by seeds or roots, and very readily from cuttings. Cultivated, dur-
ing summer, in the open ground, it will flower from June to September;
and if planted in moist rich soil, it will not suffer from a powerful sun.
it has frequently been \ nursed i in the greenhouse, under which treatment
i its b eauty, not only by growing to a loose and strag-
gling plant, but also by the inferiority of the colour of its flowers. Still
~ we are not confident that it will bear full exposure during winter. We
were kindly favoured, amongst other beauties, with a small plant of the
Mimulus cardinalis, by Mr. Widnall, nurseryman of Granchester, in
April last, the splendour of which, ultimately, far exceeded that of any.
plant of the sate —— we e have seen. We repotted it, several times,
i sing in size, using a rich compost, princi-
pally of leaf woul t had the night protection of an almost exhaust-
ed hotbed, ' till the —" of May, after which time it was fully expo-
sed, and the pot in whi
ot in. whi ch it Lefer was kept continually standing in wa-
ter, about an inch i in depth. Here i it developed its character in perfec-
fection, and although it may be reproached with reflexing its petals
unduly, still they emit a splendour that would at once abl atees the
taunts of the most illnatured antiflorist of the dark ag:
Derivation or Names,
Mimulus, from pry, a monkey, the seeds resem the face of this animal:
Cardinalis, to signify its scarlet colour, like a apilinatis cae robe.
: SYNONYMES. .
TMULUS CARDINALIS. Lindley, in new series of Transactions of Horticultu.
ral Society, Vol. TI,p.70. The blished by Linneus; see Sprengel
Linnei Systema Vegetabilium, Vol. Il, p- 681, Genus 2168,
Ms. ek, Watts. v0
. ARISTOLOCHIA TRIFIDA.
eg TRIFID BIRTHWORT.
DYCOTYLEDONES,
Natural — 2 aw W
this
es A a Artificial divisions GYNANDRIA,
ae to which w : ro gs nascate
this Plant belongs ae
f: No. 3.
GENUS. Anisroxocua. Lm gus. Catyx coloratus, tbulonay bash ven
ic D — apice dilatatus, in
5 VARIUM inferum. “Seis
ularis,
5
ok
=
°
mw
&
Si
ET
w
au
=
os
>
3
te
rs
"SULA SEX loc
ARcKk. CAvLe volubili, lallaga :
Be Calyee’ abn, slindaceo, incirvato. Labio ait
ato; pa Sa sexpartita, re
of the Genus, ArisToLocuia. Catyx coloured, tubular,
ni with a sm: ndix, dilated
Med
—— Cuaracréit of
ae veld at the base, and often
0 a strap-like tongue. ANTHERS six,
subsessile, placed under the stigma. Srvie ae deficient STiema
ix-parted. CapsuLe six-celled.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, ARISTOLOCHIA TRIFIDA. Root about
the thickness of the thumb, and two feet long, dividing into three or
four parts, twisted. Sre veral, slender, flexible, and smooth, ei-
ther trailing along the gr , or climbing up trees. LowER LEAVES
about the size of the hand spread out; upper leaves game alternate,
petiolate, furnished with rath icaul,
and sometimes even perfoli de ixillary, soli-
tary, pedunculate, large, distended, ¢ t an inch wide
at the orifice, terminating in an appe a
dull red, nearly white within, but F
hairs of a red colour. The inner surface’6f the appendn
ish red, marked with a number of veins. Flowers and al
plant diffuse a strong odour. ~
Poputar aND GEOGRAPHICAL Notice. This genus of plata is one
amongst the most singular productions of the vegetable world, one
which cannot fail to excite the attention of the most incurious observer.
The first inquiry would naturally be, wherefore this elongated thread-
REFERENCE TO THE Sparta ION
The outline sketch shews the germen of the a trifida, wi a portion of the calyx being
cut ae
like apex of the lip. It is delightful to the naturalist to catch a glimpse
of secondary causes; but here he must meet disappointment. Man is
sometimes permitted to discover the apphoeininty of foal appendages
to the requirements of the plant; and but slight on to the wis-
dom displayed in ctions of vegetables will eid the naturalist”
doubting for a moment, the wisdom that gave to the Aristolochia tri-
fida a lip of such length, and so fragile.
Some doubts having existed respecting the identity of this species of
Aristolochia, we examined the specimen contained in the Banksian
Herbarium, and found it correspond precisely with that from which our
drawing was taken. x grows in the Caraccas, and near Portobello,
é 0 .
ascertaining. — inacoticets, the Greek
botanist, treated of one of its species; Pliny fo ed him, and com-
mented on the same, and several others, —" to the south of Eu-
rope, which were well known to his coun’ Subsequently, Galen
and our own Gerard described several species, and dwelt much on their
virtues; and the Pharmacopeeias of the present day have their prepa-_
rations of Aristolochia; in these, however, an American species has
superceded those of the ancients. In the several writers mentioned we
possess a train of comment on the present genus, from a period antece-
dent to the Christian era, down to our own times.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. The Aristolochia tri-
fida is of late introduction to this country. The original of our draw-
ing grew ae in the hothouse 2 at Weston, Salop, the seat of the
rd. It is a free climber, which flourishes
when planted in a mixt re ( ‘peat and loam.
= * ete OF THE NaMEs.
The generie name, Aristoloc ochia, i is precisely that of Dioscorides, (Apiorodoxta)
who described one of its species, =a sy of which were used medicina ally.
Triripa, from the aes es being three-
_
arck, in the Encyclopedie Methodique Botani-
que, I. p. 251. sate g Bonpland, et Kunth, Nova Genera et Species Plant-
arum, IT, p. 117, ARISTOLOCHIA, GENUs, see Sprengel Systema Vegetabi-
tum, TI, p. 753. :
ARISTOLOCHIA TRIF
fi
r
dAtosrlle PLO?
-,
oie ds en ae dans
ERIOSTE'MON CUSPIDA'TUS.
POINTED LEAVED ERIOSTEMON,
EXOGENRE. DICOTYLEDONER.
{ pare division
this Plant ste eags i
: NATURAL ORDER, RUTACEA,
pee Ser & = { Anifciat ua } DECANDRIA,
: MONOGYNIA,
pecaxpaLtz~ aM & Pont Stones | x OF LINNEUS.
GENUS. Emtosremox. Saar. “Cader a autem Perata 5. Sramina
Stylus not
10, filamentis
us. Carrenia 5 basi coalita. al Na i in Noculis : 2, ‘wat phalea solitari
BRYO $s atus, (A NDOLLE.
PECIES. Ento otis oblongo lanceolatis subacutis
glancescentibus apice atis. Racemis a 4-5. Frorr-
BUS axillaribus terminalibusve. ‘Cuwnivenam.
Cuaracrer oF THe Genus, Enrostemon. Caryx 5-parted. Pr-
Tats 5. Stamens 10, filaments hispid, fringed or naked, anthers ter-
minal. Sryxes very short. Carpe.s 5, united at the base. Segps
ell. Emsryo ees Rapice long.
‘THE SPECIES, ErtosTEmo? y cusPIpATUS. STRONG
Fibeiiatbay at the edges. When held to the light
they appear filled with rent dots, which are prominent glands,
forming a roughness on the under surface of the leaves and stem, -
even on the petals and anthers, _. towards their apex. FLowr
stems axillary or terminal, true umbels of 4-5 pink acces
Catyx small, of 5 lobes. _ Lobe 's separate below and adnate
above to a connective which eyo ina point at the apex. In
the allied genus Diosma this projection becomes glandular. Peras 5
ovate lanceolate. STAMENS 10, in two rows, the outer alternating with
the inner row, opposite the petals, shorter. PoLEeN orange colour,
filament dilated fringed. Styiel,very short. Ovary, 5-celled, seeds
few. This genus has close mY with the genera Diosma, Crowea,
and Phlebalium. ie
Popunar AND Geocrapuicat Notice. All the species of this ge-
nus, hitherto discovered, are natives of Australia, which vast island has
The foliage of many of its trees
a vegetation almost peculiar to itself.
RererEnce To THE DissEcTION
4 Petal with two stamens, showing rence of pe tat stamen which in yrs
ccauiaglia the ovary, showing their Sevigyeste situation. 4, Ovary with disk or aioe 5 a
single stamen.
Ie ee ee ee ee ee
x
is generally of a bluish grey or green hue, and nearly of the same col-
+ our on both sides of the leaf, a circumstance which gives a very mon-
s character to the landscape scenery of that part of the world.
The ~— odour bes _— plants arises from a volatile oil copiously
d bark, and even the petals and stamens,
wisi the form of eifirate glandular spots, appearing transparent by
transmitted light, as in the Myrtle tribe.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTuRE. Seeds of this scarce
plant were first imported into this country by the Messrs. Loddiges,
and young plants were raised I by a<* in es The specimen from
which our drawing was tak h collection, at Hack-
ney, in March, 1836. This species of Eriostemon succeeds tal in an
airy greenhouse, free from the shade of larger shrubs. It may be in-
creased from cuttings of the young wood, as these will readily strike
root in sand, or sandy peat, under a bell-glass. Fresh sandy loam,
mixed with me form a soil in which it may be successfully grown.
DeERIvATION oF THE Names.
Eriostemon from epvoy wool, and ¢rijywy a stamen, from the woolly =
of the filaments, a chara Tr however, which does not occur in all the
ies, i m0 e point of a weapon, a term used in alheiton
to the acutely-pointed foliage of this species. The word Eriostemon has been
considered, respectively, masculine, feminine, and neuter, by different writers
SyNnonyMEs.
ERtosteEMoN cusripaTus. Cunningham on Field's N. 8. Wales, p. 331. Lod-
diges’ Botan Es Cabinet, 1249. Don’s Dictionary of Gardening and Botany,
Vol. I, p.7 Decandolle Prodromus Regni Vegetabilis, L. p.720.
fe
eked py el
MO Withers, del.
EPACRIS NIVA‘LIS.
SNOWY EPACRIS.
oR DICOTy;EPONE mR,
Natural division
to which —— XV
this Plant belongs. ;
NATURAL ORDER, EPACRIDACEA,
22 Artificial division PENTANDRIA ,
+ to which MON eer
5 this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUs,
No. 57.
GENUS. Epacris. Smrrx. Caryx coloratus, multibracteatus, cg
textura calycis. Coroxza tubulosa, limbo imberbi. SraMyys €Pipetala;
theris supra medium peltatis. Squamuta 5 hypogyne. Cars©ta ate
columne centrali adnatis. Brown. Prodromus Flore Noye Hollandiz. p.
550.
CALYCIFLORA,
oF
DECANDOLLE,
SPECIES. Epacris nivatis. Loppices. Floribus Pendulis racemosis,
foliis lanceolatis sessilibus attenuato-acuminatis subtus striatis, pedunculis ca.
lyce bis brevioribus, corollis campanulatis basi retrial tub° calycem
superante. Linpxey, in Botanical Register, folio 153
CHARACTER OF THE Genus, Epacris. Sats coloured, fur-
nished with many bracts, the bracts of the same texture 48 the calyx.
Coroxta tubulose, limb without a beard. STaMENs &Pipetalous 5
anthers, peltate above the middle. ScaLes 5, hypogynous: The cap-
sules having the placente adnate to the central column,
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, Epacris NivaLis, AX evergreen
shrub, from two to three feet high, branched; branches of @ brownish
purple colour, with an arachnoid pubescence, most of the branches
laden with snow-white pendulous flowers. Leaves alterDate, sessile,
ovato-lanceolate, reflexed, spreading, very much acumjnate, smooth,
green, striated on the under surface. Fiowers axillary, solitary, ped-
icellate, secund, and drooping. Caryx 5-toothed, or of 5 Nearly dis-
tinct sepals. _SrPaus and Bracrts, ovate, acute, white, with a little
down along the margins. Coroxza as long as the leayes, Campant-
late, limb of five spreading, or reflexed segments. SyaMENs 5, at-
tached by the filaments to the corolla; anthers, without a®y spur, of
other appendix, one-celled, Srvyxz one, a little longer th@0 the tube
of the corolla.
Poputar anp GeoerapHicat Notice. Few shrys are more
en TO THE emcees eee
1, Corolla laid open, showing 2, The pistil.
ornamental than this, when its spreading branches display their lines
of snow-white and enduring flowers. Like all the other species and
genera of the order, it is a native of Australia, of the peculiar vegeta-
tion of which, it constitutes one of the most remarkable members.
The resemblance of the plants of the tribe Epacridacez, to the Erica-
cer or Heath Tribe is so great, that any casual observer would, at the
first glance, refer the plants of the former tribe to the latter. Nor is
there any essential distinction between them, except that the Ericacez
have 2-celled anthers, generally furnished with spur-like, or other ap-
pendages (see Plate J of Enkianthus reticulatus), while those belonging
to the Epacridacex, have only 1-celled peas and are always devoid
of any appendix. There isa i t diff ,in respect to their
geographical distribution ; for while scarcely any of the Ericacex in-
trude within the limits of the Australian territory, none of the Epicri-
dace venture beyond it, finding in its climate and atmosphere the
conditions best fitted for their organization and functions. The cha-
racter of the pollen is worthy of observation. In Epacris and all the
genera of the same section, having a capsular pericarp (seed-vessel)
and the cells of the ovary many-seeded (such as the genus Sprengalia,
of which the species Sprengalia incarnata is remarkable for the great
duration of its flowers, which even till their seeds are ripened have
nearly the same appearance as at their expansion) the pollen consists
of three little spheres, whereas in the genera of the section, where the
seed-vessel is generally closed, and the cells of the ovary one-seeded,
the pollen is simple. :
InrropucTion; WHERE GRowN; CuLTure. Seeds of this plant
were received from New Holland, in 1829, by Henry Moreton Dyer,
Esq., at that time, Vice President of the Horticultural Society.
It requires the protection of the greenhouse in winter, but may be
placed out of doors in summer. Sweet says, the species “ thrive best
in a sandy peat soil, the rougher and more turfy the soil is, the better
the plants will thrive: these should always be shifted in full pots, before
they are turned out of doors in spring.” It requires a free supply of
water; and may be increased by cuttings.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMES.
Epacris, from ert epi, upon, and acgic acris,a summit of a mountain, in re
ference to the place of growth of some of the species. Nivalis, snowy, in
allusion to the whiteness of the flowers
SvKonian
Epacris nivatis. Loddiges; Botanical akicak'? 1821. Lindley; Bota-
nical Register, £. 1539.
: Se hn PECAPIE Vu gece Trevae.
aie :
SOLA'NUM LANA’TUM.
oe SOLANUM.
EXOGENE, step csp oca
Natural division
i to whi h
f this Plant a:
N seh ORDER, SOLANACES.,
COROLLIFLOR#, & Artificial divisions PENTANDRIA,
OF z to which MONOGYNIA, -
DECANDOLLE, y] this Plant nt | OF LINNEUS,
No. 58.
GENUS. —— Linnevs. Caryx 4- 15 dentatus lobatusve, persistens,
IN
, "ee brevibus, interdum inequalibus; antheris oblongis, bilocularibus,
sepius equalibus, approximato-coadnatis, apice poris duobus dehiscentibus.
Gecncn subrotundum ; stylus filiformis; stigma obtusum subsimplex aut
2-3-4 fidum. Bacca subrotunta.” 2-3-4 iéenlaris. Poucuer, Histoire des So-
‘laneen, p. 146.
eet ee LANATUM. Donat. Cavie aculeato arboreo, foliis
bdichotomis. Duna4t. His-
v
toire des “srry: p. 205. ,
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, Sorin, Catryx of 4 to 15 teeth or
lobes , persistent, often accrescent. Corox1a rotate ; tube short, limb
- Targe, plaited, 5-angled, sometimes 4-6 lobed, spreading. Stamens
5, occasionally 46, filaments awl-shaped, short, sometimes unequal ;
anthers oblong, 2-celled, generally equal, approximating coadnate,
dehiscing by two pores at the apex. Ovary roundish ; style slender,
stigma obtuse, either simple, or 2-3-4-cleft. Berry roundish, 2-3-4-_
celled. SrEps numerous, ovate, often cuappeet surrounded by a
thin diaphanous pulp.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, SOLANUM LANATUM. A sheab,
erect, from five to six feet high, above much branched, scarcely hav-
ing prickles, but rough and woolly. Lower Brancnes smooth, with
the exception of some prickles, woolly and of a rusty colour. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, shining, those of the young lower branches oblon-
go-lanceolate, angular, woolly on both sides; the upper leaves some-
times geminate, oblong, unequal at the base, woolly on the under side,
roughish or hispid on the upper side. Catyx 5-cleft, woolly, seg-
REFERENCE TO THE D1ssEcTIONS. ‘
1, The perfect berry, with the persistent calyx. 2, A longitudinal section of the berry,
showing the seeds.
ments ovate, acute, of different lengths. Corotta pale purple or
whitish, limb spreading, lobed, lobes irregularly notched, scarcely
pointed. Sramens 5, filaments short, anthers long, cylindrical, yel-
low, 2-celled, dehiscing by a small orifice at the apex of each cell.
Sry e longer than the anthers, slender, stigma capitate. Berry suc-
culent, yellow, about the size of a nut.
Popurar anpD Geoeraricat Notice. This species of Solanum
is a native of Peru, growing in precipitous places, near the fortress
of Huassanace. Of this vast genus, comprising above 300 species,
some are natives of the temperate parts of the earth, but the greater
number exist between the tropics of both hemispheres. In the colder
parts of the world they are herhaceous, but in the warmer, shrubby
plants ; about one half the species are prickly. An apparent anomaly
pervades the genus, inasmuch as while some species are wholesome,
such as the common potatoe, (Solanum tuberosum), others are re-
markably poisonous, such as the garden night-shade, (Solanum nig-
rum), and others.. The poisonous property which some possess,
seems to depend upon an alkaloid, termed Solania, which exists in
the state of a malate or solanate, but which is not present in all parts
of the plants, nor in every species in the same degree of concentration
or of intensity, The fruit is frequently the part in which it resides,
and in those species where it abounds in this locality, a pulpy matter
is stated to surround the seeds, whilst the wholesome kinds are des-
titute of this pulp. If it exist in the common potatoe, it is by no
means in a very concentrated state; and being diffused through the large
quantity of starchy matter of the tuber, is quite harmless, at least after
the application of heat in cooking, amode by which many other acrid,
but volatile, poisons are dissipated. The stalks of the potatoe, seem to
possess it in a higher degree of concentration, for a tincture prepared
from these, displays more narcotic power than tincture of hyoseya-
mus in an equal dose.
DeERIvaTIon or THE Names.
Soranum, from Solaire, to assuage, in reference to the sedative and soothing
properties of certain of the species, employed in medicine: tanatum, from lana,
woolly, alluding to the woolly aspect of thé plant.
SYNONYMEs.
Sotanum ASPERO-LANATUM, Flora Peruviana, II, p. 39, t. 174, Fig. b.
Soranum aspervm, Persoon Enchiridion, I, p. 229, not Vahl.
SoLancuM LaNnatum, Dunal, Histoire des Solanum, p. 205, Sprengel Species
lantarum, I, p. 692,
ey, ‘3 : *
e Matheciices LEA CODE -
~~
ANTHOCERCIS VISCO'SA,
GLUTINOUS ANTHOCERCIS.
EXOGENE, OR ‘ DICOTTLEDONER.
Natural division
to which
this <2 =a
earn ORDER, SOLANACEA,
COROLLIFLORE, Ss cn ee a
OF 7
DECANDOLLE. Ny this | rae
DIDYNAMIA,
ANGIOSPERMIA,
F LINNEUS.
GENUS. AwyTHocERcts. © sn Caryx 5-fidus, Cororra cam-
panulata, tubo basi coarctata staminifera; limbo 0 Bpartio, equali. Stamina
sertis. Semrna reticulata. Brown. _Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandia, p. 448.
SPECIES. Awntnocercts viscosa. Ropert Brown. Forts obovatis glan-
duloso-punctatis margine scabriusculis: novellis ramulisque tenuissime pube-
scentibus, capsula ovata calycem subequante. Brown. Prodromus Flore
Nov ve Hollandiz, p. 448,
CHARACTER OF THE Genus: Ass THOCERCIS. ee 5-clet. Co-
LA ge epanalate, con ted a
| amous,
scent ‘a fith. Stiem itato- arginate. Carats
, 2valved, margins 0 | Awards, ¥ erted on
naréliel placenta. SrEDs
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, ocercis viscosa. A fru-
tescent plant, erect, about 3 feet high. ; Leaves articulated with the
stem or branch, alternate, obovate, with gli aidular r dots, gough or
pense * serrated at the margin, att 1 paeted att t
somewhat fleshy, dark green sna smooth al ; en and cari-
nate vce PEpunc Tr. oP eae solitary, with two or
three linear-lan 7 , one-flowered ; peduncles elon-
gating when in the of { fication. Caryx deeply 5-cleft,
segments finear-lanceolete persistent, somewhat spreading from the
pressure of the tube of the corolla, becoming erect afier that organ
has fallen off. Coroxta not plaited in estivation, large, white, cam-
panulate; limb 5-cleft, segment | spreading, oblong, obtuse, tube
marked externally, but more distinctly internally, with green radiating
3
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcrTions.
1, Stamen seen in front. 2, Corolla removed that the didynamous stamens may be seen. 3, Sta-
15 men seen
lines. Stamens 4, didynamous, attached to the base of the tube.
FiLraMENTs short. ANTHER nearly round, 2-lobed,extrose. Stigma
capitate, 2-lobed. CapsuLe 2-celled.
Porutar anp GeocrapnicaL Notice. On the southern coast of
New Holland this plant was found by Mr, Robert Brown, while attached
to Captain Flinder’s Expedition sent to explore that region; where
Labillardiere had previously discovered the Anthocercis littorea.
Mr. Cunningham has since described the Anthocercis albicans, and
a fourth species has heen sent from Swan River, by Mr. Fraser to
Sir W. J. Hooker, who has called it Anthocercis ilicifolia. Thus all
the species which we at present know belong to Australia, and it is
probable that if any additional ones should be detected, they will be |
found in the same portion of the globe. Examples of certain types
or forms of organization, whether of small extent, as a genus, or of
larger, such as a tribe, being confined to peculiar regions, are of fre-
quent occurrence, some of which we have already noticed, such as the
Epacridacez, a limitation which contrasts strongly with the free and
extensive range enjoyed by others; for example, that of the Samolus
Valerandi, which may be found in every quarter of the globe. “If we
study the physiology of plants” observes Dr. Royle, “as well as the
circumstances controlling their growth, and the nature of their secre-
tions, we find that vegetation is much affected by the different physi-
cal states of the soil a nd atmosphere, as well as by the supply of heat
and light; hence we may conclude, that there are different sets of
plants fitted by nature for the particular circumstances in which they
are placed.”
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CutTure. Introduced to this
country by seeds sent by Mr. Allan Cunningham, in 1822, to the
Royal Gardens at Kew, gathered at King George’s Sound. It is one
amongst the handsomest greenhouse shrubs, and continues long to
produce a succession of flowers in the early part of summer. Unlike
many New Holland plants, it does not bear much water. It may be
propagated by cuttings, and should be potted in peat, loam, and sand.
Our drawing was made in June, in the Birmingham Botanie Garden.
Derivation or THE Names.
Antuocercis, from Av@og ear a it and Kepxic KERKIS,a ray, alluding
to the radiated manner in et h the segments of the limb of the corolla are
arranged. ble viscid or ane from the clammy secretion of the
glandular do
ca con
ANTHOCERCIS viscosA. Brown: Prodromus, p. 448. Hooker: Botanical
Magazine, folio 2961. Lindley : - Botialial Regisine, folio 1624,
FF. ee :
tier cute + Fusenitemmes Ch Burne. del.
VERBE’ NA TWEEDIEA'NA. © yu snaniane
“MR. TWEEDIE'S VERVAIN. rt ike a
DIDYNAMIA,
ANGIOSPRRMiA,
F LINNEUS.
COROLLIFLORA,
OF . ae
DECANDOLLE. this Plant belongs,
we No. 60.
GENUS. Versena. Lriwevs. CaLyx quingue fidus, ‘dente unico sub-
breviore. Coroti limbus irregulariter 5-lobus. Sraminainclusa., _Urricv-
tus 4-spermus, cito rumpens, ut maturi fructus caryopses sistant. SPRENGEL.
es Plantarum, I, p. 678.
TES. ad BENA TWEEDIEANA. Hooker, Puhescenti- rapt rns
vals osa ramosa, foliis ovato- siloustanss acuminatis membra
seaeiiee se malic basi euncatis in integpromi in petiolum voheidaes dian ie
spica corymbosa, calyci ors. at tis take corolle 3-brevioribus,
limbo 5-lobo ti ati ginati alibus. Hooxer,in Botan-
ical Magazine, Folio 3541.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, VERBENA. Catryx 5-cleft, one of
the teeth somewhat shorter than the rest. Limp of THE COROLLA ir-
regularly 5-lobed. Stamens ineluded in the tube. UrriciE 4-seed-
ed, rupturing at an early period of its growth, so that the mature fruits
appear as caryopses.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Spectes, VERBENA TWEEDIEANA. VAR. AR-
RANIANA. A perennial suffruticose plant, pubescently hairy through-
out, except the corolla, Roor fibrous. Stem slender, 4-feet high,
Tranched. Lower Leaves petiolate, entire at the base, from ovate-
lanceolate to elliptic-lanceolate, slightly lobed, largely and irregularly
toothed, scarcely acuminate ; upper leaves sessile, narrower, tocthed or
notched, pointed. INFLORESCENCE, a terminal corymbose raceme, of
elegant purplish flowers. Pepicexs very short,bracteate. CaLyx cylin-
drical, 5-toothed, 5-rib‘ed, in the lower flowers of the raceme one-third
shorter, in the upper nearly one half shorter than the tube of the corol-
la. Tube or THE Coroxta externally whitish, slender, limb spread-
ing, large, oblijue, 5-lobed. Loses obtuse, emarginate. THroaT
yellow, pulverulent, hairy. Ovary 4-celled. Sryte 1, stigma bifid.
Porunar aNd Geoorapuicat Notice. This variety, which Mr.
Niven has termed Arraniana, differs from the original specimens of
Verbena Tweedieana chiefly in its lower leaves, which are broader, less
attenuate at the base, and less acutely pointed, and also in the colour of
the flowers being more purplish. Itis clearly a transition link between
Verbena Tweedieana and Verbena incisa, figured by Sir W. J. Hook-
er in Botanical Magazine, folio 3625; and hence it may be doubted
whether all the three plants ought not more properly to be grouped as
one Se as Some: a has done with many forms of Fuschia.
Our p f the beauty of the allied species,and
to the indrodicens of these pclannlis plants their countrymen, not only of
the present but of all succeeding generations, owe a debt of gratitude,
which it is alike impossible to calculate or discharge. We hold that those
enterprising individuals who, having left their native land, seek to beau-
tify it, and to give our gardens something of paradisaical loveliness,
by collecting, and transmitting the seeds of those flowers, which they
_ meet with in their wanderings, confer a benefit which cannot be too
highly estimated, and should ever be gratefully acknowledged. The
common Verbena officinalis, a native of Britain, now neglected,
once held potent sway over the minds of our ancestors. ‘The Druids,
both in Gaul and Britain, regarded the Vervain with the same ven-
eration which they bestowed on the Misletoe, and like the Magi of the
East, they offered sacrifices to the earth, before they cut this plant in
the spring, which was a ceremony of great pomp.” Philips’s Flora
Historica.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTurRE. Seeds were sent by
Mr. Tweedie, in 1834, to Mr. Niven, of the Glasnevin Botanic Garden,
Dublin, by whom a single plant was raised. To the courtesy of Mr.
Niven we owe the drawing, and following instructive notice. “This
plant may be propagated by seeds or cuttings; and grows best in sandy
loam, in an airy and well exposed situation. It will be found another
most interesting addition for bedding-out in the flower garden. It is
a remarkably free-grower, and should be preserved in the greenhouse
or frame, during winter, in smal] thumb pots, to be ready for turning
out in spring. It flowers the whole summer.”
tages Lake OF THE set
f +h
VE Celtic, FarFraEn.
Venciaiai, te; saltiness to Mr. waste: the botanical collector.
SyNonyMeE.
Verbena Tweepieana. Hooker, in Botanical Magazine, folio 3541,
pO eee .
“a:
« Peowe tau
_
PIMELE'A LANATA.
WOOLLY PIMELEA.
oR DICOTYLEDONE2.
fen Sear }
this Plant belo —wWw
NATURAL ORDER, THYMELACE.
MONOCHLAMYD, : Artificial division DIANDRIA,
OF to which abi ont asin
DECANDOLLE. this Plant belongs. OF LINN
No. 61.
-GENUS. Prwerea. Bayxs. Perianthium infundibuliforme, limbo 4-fido,
fauce esquamata. Stamina duo, fauci inserta, laciniis exterioribus vA So
Sryuuvs lateralis. Sriema meters Nvux rticata, raro baccata, R. Brown
Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandiz, 3...
SPECIES. Pime ea ranata. is orbiculatis, ovato-rotundatisve, obtu-
sis, subsecundo-adversis, planis, subtus lanato -tomentosis supra glaberrimis,
J. S. HENSLOW.
CHARACTER OF THE Gaxvd, PIMELEA. PERIANTH (a calyx) fun-
nel-shaped, its limb 4-cleft, and throat without scales. STAMENS two,
inserted in the throat, and opposite to the two outer lacinie. STYLE
lateral. Sticma capitate. Nur generally covered with a bark, rarely
succulent.
Description OF THE Species, PrmELEA LANATA. BRANCHES
clothed with dense white tomentum. Leaves orbicular, the upper-
most more or Jess ovate and obtuse, scarcely petiolate, plain or slightly
concave. Their upper surface dark green, and very smooth and glossy;
their under, covered with dense white somewhat woolly tomentum.
They are placed opposite and decussate, but are twisted half way
round on the petioles, so as to range vertically with the upper surfaces
facing outwards, or towards the light, which arrangement somewhat
conceals the tomentum beneath, and gives the plant a pleasing appear-
ance. INFLORESCENCE in terminal capitula, of about 20 flowers,
subtended by about 4 leaves, nearly disposed as an involucrum.
Fiowers white, with a pink tinge towards the lower part of the tube.
Caxyx monosepalous, the margins of the 4 lacinie somewhat inflexed.
The tube is jointed, and falls off immediately above the germen, to
which the lower portion adheres as a covering. The whole is tomentose
antral TO THE argeatadcsatra
1, tk c ly i dt all t 2, the
littl 1 ith th it stigma. 3, the edna onelic. 4, po indony
previous to appearance of the embryo.
on the outside. Stamens 2, with the free part of the filaments rising
from the throat, and about the length of the calyx-limb. ANTHERS
orange, oar 2-celled, erect, but united half way along the back to
the filam Ovary ovate, one-ovuled. Styze exserted, unilateral.
Stiema ioe but small; both stamens and style are deflected at
the throat, so as to lie flat upon the segments of the calyx.
Poputar anp Geocrapuican Notice. This plant appears to be
very closely allied to Pimelea nivea of Labillardiere Nove Hollandix
Plantarum Specimen, Vol. 1, Pl. 6, but differs in the margin of its
leaves not being revolute, and in having the branches covered with
very long and dense tomentum. It is highly probable that a more
perfect acquaintance with these plants in their native localities, would
enable us to detect several intermediate forms to those already enu-
merated, and prove many of them to be mere varieties and not true
species; but in the present state of our knowledge we must be con-
tent to add one more to the list, without venturing to reduce it to an
already described form. The Genus Pimelea is composed of elegant
shrubs, inhabitants of rocky places in Australia and New Zealand.
Many plants in the family to which this belongs (Thymelacex) have
their inner bark remarkably silky in its texture, and among them is
the Lagetta lintearia of Jamaica, from which the celebrated Lace-bark
is procured ; so called from the delicacy of its structure, and which is
capable of being subdivided into numerous thin layers, each imitative
of fine lace.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLtrure. The seed was sent
in 1834, from Van Dieman’s Land, to Alderman Copeland, and the
plant from which our drawing was taken, flowered freely in 1836, and
is now (May 1837) five feet and a half in height, covered with flowers
from top to bottom. It is in the possession of Miss Copeland, of Ley-
ton, and we are indebted to the pencil of Miss Hall for the drawing,
who also obligingly furnished us with the fresh specimen from which
our description has been made. The luxuriance with which this at-
tractive plant grows, and the abundance of its flowers recommend it to
the notice of the cultivator. Cuttings will strike root in fine sand un-
der a bell-glass. The young plants should be potted in sandy peat.
Derivation OF THE NAMEs,
PME EA from wipedy PIMELE, fat, on what accountis not obvious, unless the
fresh fruit of some of the species contains fatty matter. Lanara, woolly, in al-
lusion to the kind of pubescence beneath the leaves and on the branches.
Malis, det.
SPARAX'IS PEN’DULA.
PENDULOUS-FLOWERED SPARAXIS.
ENDOGENZ, OR MONOCOTYLEDONE2:
Natural division
to which aaah
this plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, [RIDACE,
EPIGYNOSE, Yo 1 {i divisions i SZ oR | TRIANDRIA,
OF Y to which MONOGYNIA,
LINDLEY. this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS.
No. 62,
GENUS. Sparaxts. Ker. Periconrom corollinum superum, infundibu-
liforme, tubo brevi gracili, limbi ampli sexpartiti laciniis subequalibus, stellato-
patentibus. Stamina 3, tubo perigonii inserta, adscendentia, inclusa; filamen-
sup wz. Ovarrum inferum, obtuse
trigonum, triloculare. OvuLa plurima, in loculorum angulo centrali biseriata.
Stryxvs filiformis: stigmata 3, linearia, complicato-carinata, recurva. CApsvULa
membranacea, obsolete trigona, subtorulosa, trilocularis, loculicido-trivalvis.
Semrya plurima subglobosa. Enpuicaer. Genera Plantarum, p. 168.
SPECIES. Sparaxts penpura. Ker. Foliis linearibus strictis scapo
polystachyo duplo brevioribus, spicis pendulis multifloris. pg
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, SPARAXIS. PERIGONE (PERIANTH)
corolla-like, superior, funnel-shaped, tube short, slender, limb large,
six-parted, segments nearly equal, stellately spreading. STAMENS 3,
inserted on the tube of the perigone, ascending, included; filaments
awl-shaped, anthers linear, attached by the back, somewhat above the.
base. Ovary inferior, obtusely 3-angled, 3-celled. Ovuxes several,
arranged in two rows, along the central angle of the cells. STYLE fili-
form; stigmas 3, linear, complicately-keel-shaped, recurved. Cap-
SULE membranaceous, indistinctly 3-cornered, somewhat turgidly
knotty, 3-celled, by loculicidal dehiscence 3-valyed. SEEDS nume-—
rous, subglobose. ; o
DESCRIPTION OF THE SpEcTES, SPARAXIS PENDULA. A peren-
nial herbaceous plant, with a tuberous tunicated rhizoma, from
which spring numerous tufts of leaves, from the centre of each of
which tufts arise the scapes or flower-stalks. Leaves ensate, linear-
acute, straight, nerved, 3-feet long, shorter than the scapes. Scapes
slender, erect, panicled, pendulous at the top, pedicels having two
capillary leaves at the base of each; spikes pendulous, secund ; flowers
large, of a lilac colour, beautifully veined, each flower placed between
two membranous bracts, or spathas which are convulute, appearing as
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONS.
1, Pistil. 2, Perianth laid open, shewing stamens. 3, Spathas with their lacerated point. 4, Seed-
vessel cut transversely.
if lacerated, sessile. PERIANTH six-parted, sepals and petals uniform,
oblong, obtuse. ANnTHERs linear, dark purple. Capsute 3-celled,
3-valved, loculicidal, each cell containing two roundish brown seeds.
Porunar anp Geocrapuicat Notice. Thunberg found this —
plant in wet situations near Krumrivier, at the Cape of Good Hope.
The moist locality in which it grows enables it to preserve some signs
of life and beauty where all around is scorched by the power of an al-
most tropical sun, which occasions nearly the same effects, that cold
does in high latitudes. The progress of vegetation in sandy dis-
tricts is almost completely checked till the return of the rainy season,
when it revives, and the desert “blossoms as the rose.” Till this
more favourable period arrives, bulbs and tubers lie protected under the
earth, by theig aemerous sealy coats. Many bulbs might be found in
regions which seem barren, and without a trace of vegetable life, were
they trayersed in the rainy season, or properly examined, by digging
some inches under the surface, in the dry mould. Meyen in his voyage
round the World, records the following. “5th February, (place) Cor-:
dilleras. The continued heat had so completely burnt up the whole
plain which lay exposed to the sun’s rays, that a few scattered halms
of wild oats and some flowering shrubs were all that remained. On
accidentally turning up the clayey soil, it was found completely filled
with small bulbs, the flowers and leaves of which had long since dis+
appeared. How beautiful must be the aspect of this plain} and all the
declivities of these mountains in the spring of the year, when they are
clothed with the splendid mantle of the liliacee. Here and there where
there was some moisture to lessen the withering effect of the heat, were
seen traces of this first beauty of the spring.”
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GRrOwN; CuLTurE. Introduced by Mr.
Tate of Sloane Street, in 1825. Flowered in May, in the greenhouse
of the Messrs. Pope, of Handsworth. A light sandy soil with plenty
of water suits this plant.. In warm summers the pot may be sunk at
the side of any ornamental piece of water, which this graceful flower
would contribute to beautify. A bright warm sun will expand its
perianth, but so expanded our artist had no ster of drawing it.
VATION OF THE NAME
Deriv
Sparaxis, from Sxrapaccw sParasso to tear, allnding to the torn-like spathas.
Penpvta from the drooping sfc of the head of flowers
Syn.
Ixta penputa. Thunberg: Diaaestsiog’ No. 16. Prodromus 9, Flore Capen-
sis, 1,286. Linneus: Supplement, 91. aes Species Plant. I, 204.
Wartsonta PALUSTRIS. P. Synopsis.
Spanaxis penputa. Ker in text of joe ders Magazine, 1482, Sprengel: Sp.
Pl. I, 149. Lindley : Botanical Regi
MO” Withers del.
Cgeres.
2
Mcce fe
Shag a
é
~
FUCH’SIA FUL’GENS.
: festagagt FUCHSIA.
ne BSCCERR, ’ DICOTYLEDONES.
Natural division
to which
_ this Plant belongs.
; "NATURAL ORDER, FUCHSIACEA.
sete mm re 2 ape net renee" OCTANDRIA,
{ : MONOGYNIA,
oroanpouune this Plant as aK OF LINNEUS.
No. 63,
ENUS. Fv GALA a i Canvers tubus batio ovario > adhere, sn-
perné ager oak in tu eylindra latim de-
ciduum. Prrara 4 summo tubo athe bis ain, rarius ni pull STAMINA
' 8. Ovartum glandulA urceolata coronatum. Srvyuuvs filif Sricma capi-
tatum. Bacca oblonga aut ovato-globosa, 4- sabclath aris, Avalv vis, Sie
. 36,
SPECIES. Fucusra rutcens. (Mocrno and Sessz. Flora Me exicaht, ine-
dita.) Rams glabris, foliis oppositis petiolatis cordato- ovatis acutis denticula-
tis glabris, pediculis axillaribus flore brevioribus, superioribus racemosis, caly-
cis lobis ovato-lanceolatis acutis petala acutiuscula Bimaches Thid, p. 39.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, Fucnsia. Tube of the calyx adher-
ing to the ovary at the base, but above prolonged into a cylindrical
4-cleft tube, the lobes of which drop off, soon after the anthesis, by a
distinct articulation. PeTa.s 4, seldom none, inserted on the tube of
the calyx, with the lobes of which they alternate. Stamens 8. Ovary
crowned with an urceolate (pitcher-shaped) gland. Sryte filiform.
Stiema capitate. Berry oblong or ovato-globose, 4-celled, 4-valved,
many-seeded. al
DeEscrIPTION OF THE Species, Fucusia ruLGens. A Sarvs, in
its native country from 4 to 6 feet high, smooth, glaucous, tender,
almost of the texture of a sub-succulent herbaceous plant, surface suf-
fused with a vinous hue. Leaves opposite, thin, ovately cordate, acute,
irregularly toothed or denticulate, ciliated, petiolate, petioles slightly
pubescent, roundish, channelled, the lamina twice the length of the
petioles. FLowers axillary, solitary, springing from the axils of the
leaves on both sides of the stem, but so inclined as to form a secund
pendulous raceme. Prpunctes' slender, about half an inch long.
Ovary oblong, pubescent, 4-celled, many-seeded, ovules in double
rows. Catyx about 2} inches long, funnel-shaped, ventricose at the
base, slightly pubescent, of a fine vermillion colour; segments trian-
gular, acute, greenish at the tips. Prrats ovate, obtuse, a little short-
er than the sepals, blood-coloured. Stamens 8, inserted on the
16
throat of the calyx, shorter than the sepals, opposite the petals, than
which they are a little shorter; anthers often extrorsely resupinate.
Popvunar anD Geocrapnicat Notice. This very striking species
of Fuchsia, of which the first notice was given by Mocino and Sesse,
is a native of Mexico. South America however is the great store-house
of Fuchsias, and the species, particularly those of Peru, surpass even
the present plant in splendour and the size of the flowers, of which it
is sufficient to mention Fuchsia apetala (Ruiz) the tube of the flower
being often five inches in length. As a few of the species extend into
North America, inhabiting Mexico, so a very few stray into New Zea-
land, where in addition to Fuchsia excorticata the late Mr. Richard
Cunningham discovered Fuchsia procumbens (Cunningham Mss.)
likewise an apetalous plant. The occurrence of these species of an ~
almost exclusively American genus confirm the sagacious remark of
Robert Brown, that some resemblance exists between the Flora of
New Zealand and that of America. (See General Remarks on the
Botany of Flinders’ Voyage, Appendix 2, p. 589).
IntTrRopucTionN; WHERE Grown; CuLtture. The lovers of orna-
mental plants are indebted to the Messrs. Lee, of the Hammersmith
Nursery, for the introduction of this glowing novelty amongst them.
It was procured by these gentlemen through Mr. Louis Deschamps,
who brought it from Mexico last year, (1837), and to their liberality
we owe the permission to have the drawing made by our accomplished
artist, Mrs. Withers. Nothing is more splendid than a bed or border of
Fuchsias, and they require but little eare, for as it is observed by Mr. —
Loudon, in his invaluable Arboretum and Fruticetum, All the si species
and varieties hitherto introduced or originated, when planted in a dry
soil, ard a sheltered situation, in the neighbourhood of London,
_ though they may be killed down to the ground by the frost, may have
their stools preserved alive through the winter, by covering them with
litter, haulm, or leaves, in such a way as to throw off the wet; and
this covering being removed in spring, the plants will shoot up vig-
orously, and flower freely during the whole summer.” This splendid
species seems to require only the usual treatment.
Derivation oF THE NaMEs.
Focusta, called after Leonhard Fuchs (Fox), one of the earliest botanical
writers after the revival of letters. FuxcEns, from the brilliancy of the flowers.
SynonyMEs,
Fucusta Furcens. Mocino and Sesse, in Decandolle: Prodromus, Pars
III, p. 39. George Don: Dictionary of Gardening and Botany, Vol. it, p. 479,
Botanical Register, 1.
ost
h ‘ Aiikie, ohed.
Abe rdcccorite Daa aperted.
~
—— BARBACE’'NIA PURPUREA. —
PURPLE.FLOWERED BARBACENIA.
ENIA. secs Periconium corollinum infundibu-
ripartibilis ; igma capitato-trigonum.
, loculici vis, valvis medio septi-
% % URPUREA. Padé KER, Fo.tts lineari-acuminatis
carinatis spinuloso-serratis, see longiore, ovario elongato lineatim tu-
to, antheris ba ora alii Hoo KER, ip Botanical Magazine,
2 € ENUS, Wissel. PrRIGONE (perianth
* ike, fannel-shaped, externally coated with re-
he base with the ovary, limb 6-cleft, seg-
er , spreading. Sramens 6, inserted on the
t of the limb, erect, included; filaments flat,
the apex, central tooth smallest, antheriferous,
‘numerous, on placente standing out
‘Srvzz triangular, divisible into
api , eeornered. CapsvLe inferior, some-
; , becoming by loculicidal dehiscence 3-val-
ves having a septum in the middle, bearing the placente.
jumerous, angular.
SEEDS
fe Tee oF THE Species, BARBACENIA PURPUREA. STEM
short, = Petotomoiag y diyided, having at the base brown scales, higher
up numerous long, linear, acuminate, flexuous or twisted, vaginating
leaves, rigid, scarcely reflexed at the upper half, margins spinulose,
teeth remote, minute, pointing upwards. ScaPE or FLOWER STEM con-
siderably longer than the leaves, obscurely 3-cornered, scabrous, hairs
pointing upwards, one-flowered. FLower erect, spreading, of a rich
purple colour. Perricone (periantl) of six segments, united into a
tube at the base, the 3 outer segments narrow, lanceolate, acuminate,
reflexed, with dark parallel veins on the upper surface; 3 inner seg-
ments broader, undulating, more erect, obtuse, or emarginate, similar-
ly veined. Turoar displaying 6 broad, linear, petaloid, purplish 2-
cleft filaments, opposite the petals, to the base of which, by the back, is
attached the linear erect anther, 2-celled, shorter than the filament;
pollen white. Ovary inferior, oblong, somewhat ventricose, greenish,
but marked with 6 purplish tubercular lines, having minute dots rising
up between them. Ovary 3-celled, with large cordately perforated dis-
sepiments, between which, in each cell, are two vertical plates, forming
the placente the margins of which are lined with numerous oblong
ovules. Sty.eas long as the anthers, acute, 3-angular, purple, stigmata _
below the apex, having the appearance of 3 white oblong glands.
PopuLar AnD GeocrapuicaL Notice. This genus consists of
herbaceous perennials, natives of Brazil, of which 13 or 14 species are
known, occurring between the 14° and 23° S. Lat. Though one or two
were known to Vandelli, we are chiefly indebted for a more extensive
acquaintance with them, to Von Martius, from whose travels, the fol-
lowing extract is taken. “We were particularly surprized, as we were
ascending the steep Morro de Gravier, a continuation of Serra do Oiro
Branco, at seeing some arborestent lilies, the ‘thick naked stems of
which, divided in the manner of a fork in a few branches ending i ina
tuft of long leaves, and being frequently scorched o on the surface by
burning of the meadows, are some of the most singular forms in the
vegetable kingdom. The two species which have these forms, Barba-
cenia and Vellozia, are called in the country Canella ‘d’ Ema, and on
account of the resin they contain, are much used for fuel, wood being
scarce. They appear to thrive only on quartzy mica-slate, and are
considered by the inhabitants as a characteristic mark of a ‘country
abounding in gold and diamonds. They are most frequently met with
here at an elevation of from 2000 to 4000 feet, always accompanied by
a variety of the prettiest shrubby Rhexias, Eriocaulon and “Xyris.”
It is further observed, “All this part of the mountain (Serra Branca,)
is less rich in gold than the northern tracts. But on the other hand,
Flora has more lavishly endowed it with a diversity of flowers. The
Rhexias, in particular, are a great ornament. There is an endless va-
riety of species, all low shrubs; the numerous, thin, profusely-leaved
stalks, are covered with beautiful red and violet-coloured blossomis.
Stately stems of blue Vellozias and gay Barbacenias, the representa-
tives of liliaceous plants, principally adorn the stony eminencés. Of
the family of the Gentians, there are many species of Lisianthus, which
call to mind the equality of the diffusion of certain families, through
many remote countries.” Sprx and Martivs’s Travels in Brazil, II,
138 and 159.
The limited geographical range of the genera Vellozia and Barba-
cenia is not the only peculiarity connected with them, as the stem pre-
sents a remarkable organization. ‘‘This part consists of a central
slender subcylindrical column, which never increases in diameter after
its first formation, and which has the ordinary monocotyledonous (en-
dogenous) structure. Outside of the column are arranged great quan-
tities of slender fibrous roots, which cohere firmly by their own cellular
surface, and form a spurious kind of wood, which is extremely like that
of some kinds of Palm wood, only it is developed by constant additions
to the very outside of the original stem. Something analagous occurs
in Pandanus.” Lindley: Natural System, 2 ed. p. 334
A difference of opinion exists among systematic Botanists as to the
tribe to which Barbacenia and Vellozia properly belong. Martius,
Bartling, and Endlicher, (and Lindley in the first edition of his Natu-
ral System) refer them to Hemodoracee, while Kunth places them
under Bromeliacee. Don considers them as forming a group inter-
mediate between Iridacee and Hypoxidacee, and designates it Vello-
ziee. Lindley has subsequently adopted Kunth’s opinion, and removed
them to Bromeliacee. The somewhat spiral position of the leaves of
Barbacenia, resembling those of the Ananas or pine-apple, gives some
countenance to this m , but on the whole we Jean to the view taken
by Martius, who has a greater knowledge of them than any mere Eu-
- ropean botanist.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTurRE. To the care and ob-
servation of the Honourable and Reverend William Herbert, of Spof-
forth, the lovers of new objects of cultivation are indebted for this
plant. He picked the seeds out of a parcel of Brazilian moss, and
was rewarded by this novel flower, in 1825. It is an attractive ever-
green stove perennial, which still continues scay@e in our gardens, and
therefore the more desirable. It requires to be potted in rough sandy
peat; and judging from the observations of Von Martius, which we
have quoted, it may readily be supposed that if small lumps of broken.
quartz, mixed perhaps with a little micacious sandstone were to consti-
tute the necessary stratum of drainers, at the bottoms of the pots, the
plant may be cheated into a belief that it is luxuriating on the golden
mountains of Serra Blanca. Its roots are strong and numerous for its
size, therefore it requires to be frequently removed into larger sized
pots. Ifit be gradually hardened, and then turned into a border, in
front of the stove or greenhouse, in June, it will grow vigorously and
flower very freely till the middle of September.- As this species of
Barbacenia frequently perfects its seeds, on these we would recommend
the chief dependance for increase ; for although it may be propagated
by division of its roots the plants do not readily recover this treatment.
It should be kept in the stove, and probably would flourish with
pretty nearly the same management as its near ally, the pine-apple.
In the article previously referred to,in Dr. Lindley’s Nat. Syst.it is ob-
served, in reference to the genera belonging to this family, that “ They
are all capable of existing in a dry hot air without contact with the
earth ; on which account they are favourites in South American gar-
dens, where they are suspended in the dwellings, or hung to the balus-
trades of the balconies ; situations in which they flower abundantly,
filling the air with their fragrance.”
DERIVATION OF THE NaMEs.
Barsacenra, after Barbacena, a Governor of Minas Geraes,in Brazil. Prr-
PUREA, purple, the colour of the flowers.
SYNONYME.
BarsBacenia PuRPUREA. Hooker, Botanical Magazine, 2777.
At” Withers del
‘Walyitomon Calffernect ae,
* -
PLATYSTE’MON CALIFORN 1OUM.:
CALIFORNIAN PLATYSTEMON.
EXOGEN&, ; oR “DICOTYLEDONES.
Natural division
to which egaie
this Plant ee
NATURAL ORDER, PAPAVERACE.
Artificial divisions
to which
DE cs poLta: this Plant belongs,
No. 65.
GENUS. Puatystemon. ‘Benrnam. Fronss trimeri. Sepata 3, hispida.
Peat, 6. ordine duplici. Stamrna:subindefinita ; filamentis petaloideis; an-
theris linearibus rectis. Carper 2, teralia, stigmatibus linearibus
erectis simplicissimis; matura leviter coherentia, indehiscentia, cartilaginea
torulosa; in _stae ulos transversos monospermos sece edentia. ‘Sema levia,
ta; Livp.ey: Botanical pirat folio 1679.
ecristata; album
SPECIES. PrarysremMon canirornicum. Benrxam. Fouts (phyllo-
diis?) linearibus paralleliveniis, alternis et vetticillatin sepe unilateralibus;
floribus terminalibus et axillaribus, longe pedunculatis, Ibid.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, PLATYSTEMON. Parts of the flower
in a ternary series. Catyx of 3 sepals. Coro..a of 6 petals, in two
rows. STAMENS numerous; filaments petaloid; anthers linear,
straight. Carpets 9-12, collateral, stigmata linear, erect, simple:
when ripe the carpels slightly cohere, are indehiscent, cartilaginous,
knotty ; separating into transverse one-seeded joints. SEEpDs smooth,
not crested; albumen oily.
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, PLATYSTEMON CALIFORNICUM.
A herbaceous annual, erect, about a foot in height, glaucous, branch-
ed, rounded, smooth, except the margins se sd ete: siti peduncles,
the calyx, and writen mils hich paringly furnished with stift hairs
LeavEs alternate, or lly hat verticillate, sessile, linear-
oblong, entire, obtuse, veiied, sie Dees secietial Senet the vena-
tion of endogens). Pepuncues axillary and terminal, about three
times longer than the leaves, ascending, straight, one-flowered. Sr-
PALS 3, concave, caducous. PerTats 6, disposed in two rows, ovate,
pale yellow, the three interior petals smaller than the outer whorl.
STAMENS numerous, hypogynous ; filaments petaloid, broad, the inte-
rior whorls broadest ; anthers linear, dehiscing laterally ; innate. Car-
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONs.
1, The ovary, 2, A stamen, to exhibit the broad filament,
PELS 9-12, hairy on the outer and lower portion, arranged in several
circles, perfectly distinct ; stigmata linear, erect. The ripe fruit, form-
ed by the cohesion of the carpellary leaves, oval, bristly, crowned by
the persistent styles, furrowed; ultimately separating into distinct
carpels, which are knotted or lomentaceous, — = of one-celled,
one-seeded joints.
PopuLar AND GEOGRAPHICAL Novies, Mr. Menzies first met with
this plant in California ; but for the introduction of it into our gardens,
we are indebted to the lamented Douglas. The interest of this flower as
an ornament to our gardens, considerable as it is, falls far short of its
importance in a botanical point of view. The ternary arrangement of
the parts of the BONS. a Bo erdes od not common in the order Papa-
veracex, and more distinct carpels bring it into
an approximation with tie order Ranunculacee ; which is, perhaps,
ee nearer by the leaves being oe a like condition of the
Ranunculus Lingua The lomentaceous
character of the carpels indicates some allt to the Crucifere. This
remarkable state of the seed vessel has its prototype in the genus Hype-
coum, of the order Papaveracex, and the two genera obviously form the
transition link, through Trollius to the Ranunculacee. The calyx in
both tribes is generally noted for its fugacious character, which belongs
unfortunately to our present plant. This disposition to fall off soon
after the expansion of the flower, has supplied the poet with one of
his emblems of the fleeting nature of human enjoyments :
But pleasures are like poppies spread,
You seize the flower, its bloom is shed ;
i
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GRowN; CuLTuRE. Though seeds were
sent by Mr. Douglas, in 1834, to the Horticultural Society, where our
drawing was made, the first plants raised produced only a few seeds
which failed to vegetate; so that it must have been again introduced.
It is sufficiently hardy, flowering freely in June and July in the borders,
where it ripens seeds abundantly. It possesses some odor of an agree-
able kind.
DERIVATION OF THE a
Pratystemon, from rarve, platus, broad, and crnywy, stemon, a stamen,
referring to the breadth of the filaments. recieve cach from California.
SynonyMeEs.
PLatysTEMON cCatirorNicum, Bentham: Trans. of Horticultural Society,
Vol. I, 7 aed Series, p.405. Lindley: Botanical Register, folio 1679. Hooker:
Botani Magia: 3579,
Dipnteieon punctate.
hits Taylor del.
DIPO'DIUM PUNCTA’TUM.
~ DOTTED DIPODIUM.
MONOCOTYLEDONE&.
Natural division
to which
this Plant a,
NATURAL ORDER,. ORCHIDACES.
GYNANDROSA, Artificial divisions GYNANDRIA,
oF to which MONANDRIA,
LINDLEY. this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS,
No. 66.
GENUS. Diropium. Roserr Brown. PERIANTHIUM patens, petalis se.
qualibus. Lape tum subconforme, utrinque infra medium auricu-
palisque equal
latum, disco barbatum, basi saccatum et cum columna connatum. CoLumNA
erecta, marginata, semiteres. ANTHERA menibrenkoea, bilocularis? Porxrnra
2, oblique biloba, caudiculis duabus ee ee communi affixis. Lrvp.er:
Genera and Species of Orchideous Plants, 1
SPECIES. Diroprum punctatum. Ropert Brown.
bus distantibus, labello recto 5 ics’ pubescente. "Did, p- 1
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, DIPoODIUM. Reicte spreading,
petals and sepals equal. Lip nearly similar, having an auricle at-
tached to each side below the middle, the disk bearded, saccate at
the base, and united to the column. CoLumn erect, margined, round-
ish. ANTHER membranous, perhaps two-celled? POLLEN Masses
2, obliquely two-lobed, attached to a common gland, by two little
stalks (caudicule.)
DESCRIPTION OF THE SPECIES, Drropips PUNCTATUM. A ter-
restrial plant with a fibrous root, some of the fibres thick, succulent
and horizontal, the rest slender and perpendicular. Stem about 14
to 2 feet high, of a brownish purple, round, smooth, devoid of leaves,
but having vaginating scales, which at the base of the stem are imbri-
cated, higher up remote ; scales short, obtuse. INFLORESCENCE race-
mose. FLowers purple. Raceme cylindrical, loose ; peduncles of
a bright purple, at first erect, afterwards, horizontal or drooping.
Perianta brownish purple, spotted with red or blood-coloured dots ;
sepals and petals linear oblong, nearly equal. Laxzetium (lip) ob-
long, three-lobed, pubescent at the base, in the central part of which
is a furrow, saccate, connected with a short attachment to the base of
the column; three-lobed ; lateral lobes narrow, falcate, recurved, they
as well as the disk hairy, the central lobe oblong, flat, apiculate, con-
— radicali-
tracted at the base, the hairs limited to a line along the middle. Co-
LUMN erect, roundish, truncate, glandulose at the margin; clinandri-
um with little teeth. S71iema short, transverse. POLLEN MASSES two,
furrowed behind, with two little stalks (caudicule) attached toa sublu-
nate or crescent-shaped gland. :
Porutar AND Geocrapuicat Notice. The orchidaceous plants
which we have hitherto figured, have been of the kind termed epiphy-
tes, but the present species is a terrestrial one. This character might
have been predicted of it in some degree, from its native place being
in a higher latitude than the former subjects of our plates. A reduction
of temperature attends this removal from the equator, and the air is no
longer capable of holding in suspension a sufficient quantity of aque-
ous vapour, charged with the materials of nourishment for plants grow-
ing on the branches of trees. All the orchidaceous plants of Europe
are terrestrial, and deck our meadows and slopes, instead of hang-
ing from the spreading arms of trees, like most of those of tropical
countries. The closer vicinity of New Holland, and Van Dieman’s
Land, to the Southern Pole, likewise causes the orchidaceous plants of
that region to seek nourishment directly from the earth, and they are
consequently terrestrial. This species is found in New South Wales,
near Port Jackson, and likewise in Van Dieman’s Land. The leafless
character seems common to the genus, existing in the only other known
species, Dipodium squamatum, a native of New Caledonia. ~
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTURE. This accession to
the charming orchidaceous plants under culture, was imported by the
Messrs. Loddiges, in 1835. To their liberality we owe the opportunity
of figuring it, having blossomed in March, 1837. It grows in a pot,
standing on the shelf of the conservatory, not requiring a stove heat.
DeERIvaTIOn OF THE NaMEs.
Diropiem, from Arg dis, two, and ove rodog, a foot, referring to the two
stalks of the pollen masses. Puncratum, from punctum, a point or dot, in al-
lusion to the dots on the flowers.
SyNONYMEs,
Denprosium punctatum. Smith: Exotic Botany, I, 21,plate 12. Robert
Brown: Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandie,p. 331. Lindley: Botanical Reg-
ister, folio 1980,
ANIGOZANTHUS MaNGLESHL, %.ofuy PL, 74
MR. MANGLES'S ANIGOZANTHUS.
MONOCOTYLEDONEZ-
Natural
to a
this plant belon,
NATURAL ORDER, HA.MODORACE.
x‘.
ether Artificial divisions
to which aon ne re
digest, this Plant 2 | pe LINNEUS.
GENUS. AnicozanTHus. iatbeseatsy Periconrum §S sricwsipa
corollinum extus ome tubo basi i ow m ovario connato, elongato, tandem de-
ciduo, limbi se sexfi secundis zee ae fauci peri-
gonii inserta, Ee filamenta filiformia antherz loculis connectivo an- _
tice adnatis, Ovarrom cum perigonii tubo connatum, triloculare. Ovoza in
placentis e loculorum angulo centrali prominentibus plurima. Srytus filifor-
mis ; stigma simplex. Carsuta infera, subglobosa, trilocularis, apice loculici-
do-trivalvis. Semrna plurima, Enpzicwer, Genera Plant » p- 172.
eee
Pare
2
SPECIES. IGOZANTHUS MANGLESII, Dow. Cave tomento persistente
eseieg ee peg: antheris muticis filamento 5-plo sag ogee
capitato. D.Don, in Sweet's British Flower Garden, New Seri
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, ANIGOZANTHUS. tacit resem-~
bling a corolla, externally woolly, the tube united at the base with
the ovary, elongated, at last deciduous, the segments of the 6-cleft limb
nearly equal, taking a secund direction above. Stamens 6, inserted
on the throat of the perigone, ascending; filaments slender, the cells
of the anther anteriorly adnate to the connective. Ovary united
with the tube of the perigone, 3-celled. OvuLes numerous, attached
to placente which project from the central angle of the cells. StyLE
slender, stigma simple. Capsuxz inferior, subglobose, 3-celled splitting
at the top, by a loculicidal dehiscence, into 3 valves. SEEDS numerous,
DESCRIPTION OF THE Spectres, ANIGOZANTHUS MANGLESU. A
perennial herbaceous plant, tufted, with a fasciculated root, composed
of thick fibres. Leaves uniform, erect, from half to 14 feet long,
smooth, entire, apex cuspidate, point brown, rigid, cauline leaves
semivaginating at the base. Srem round, erect, nearly three feet
high, branched above, clothed, particularly towards the upper part
near the flowers, with a short, thick, crimson down, formed of branch-
ed hairs. Friowers large, shewy, in spiked racemes. PrDUNCLES
Se neoelonaapois TO THE ssheenipenidntepeans Ps
1, Perigone laid open, ts. 2, ‘# stamen detached. 3, Ovary
cut vertically, ited by the style. 4, tion of 1 seeds. /
17
springing from opposite ensate bracts: pedicels, round, attended by
short reddish bracteol, all which parts are clothed with brownish
red down. Perricone tubular, cylindrical, from 2 to 3 inches long,
sometimes splitting longitudinally, detisely clothed with thick plumose
hairs, base swollen roundish, of an orange or blood-colour, which
verges to a yellowish green towards the top of the tube: limb erect,
divided into 6 lanceolate, pointed, equal segments; segments green on
the inner side. STamENs 6, the upper ones somewhat projecting, in-
serted on the mouth of the tube, filaments short. ANTHERs linear, blunt,
somewhat recurved, two-celled, orange, nearly five times longer than
the free portion of the filaments, cells opening lengthwise. Ovary
ge aaa cae ores a attached to a longitudinal
placenta. § x I »glabrous, stigma capitate
oO
_Poputar anp GeocrapnicaL Notice. The present plant is a
native of Swan River, but whether the same as that described by Pro-
fessor Don may be doubted. It bears such resemblance to the original
Anigozanthus rufa of Labillardiere as to inspire a belief that it may
be identical with it: if merely a variety of Anigozanthus Manglesii it is
certainly a much handsomer specimen than the one figured in Bot.
Reg. t. 2012, the chief character of which, lies in its having a few scat-
tered hairs along the margins of the leaves.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GrowN; CuLTureE. Seeds were sent in
1833, by Sir James Sterling, Governor of Swan River Settlement, to
Robert Mangles Esq. Whitmore Lodge, Berks, whose very intelligent
gardener, Mr. Donald Mackay, gives the following account of the
treatment. “The seeds were sown in August, 1833, and the young
plants were potted off, and kept in an airy part of the greenhouse du-
ring winter. Early in the spring they were repotted, and in April they
were planted out in a border, composed of maiden loam, leaf mould,
and bog earth, in equal proportions, with a slight mixture of pounded
chalk, in which the plants were found to thrive amazingly, shewing
flower at the age of 10 months. A cold frame will protect them well
enough in winter.” Brit. Flow. Gard. 265. Our drawing was made
in the Birmingham Botanic Garden, where the plant continued to flow-
er nearly three months, in the Greenhouse.
DERIVATION OF THE NAMEs.
ANIGOZANTHUS; dscyw, I raise up, and ay@oc a flower, from bearing up, as if
proudly, its crown of flowers. Mineisens th compliment to Mr. fare
SynonymMeE.
AnicozanTHus Mancrest. Don: in Sweet’s British Flow. Gard. III, t. 265.
BOSSIA’A LINOPHYL'LA.
~FLAX-LEAVED BOSSLA&A.
EXOGENZ, OR DICOTYLEDONE 2A.
Natoral division
to which
this’Plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, LEGUMINOS 4.
f Artibcinl divistens \& DIADELPHIA,
DECANDRIA,
this potion Siok OF LINNEUS,
CALYCIFLORE, .
OF
DECANDOLLE.
No. 68.
GENUS. Bosstma. dian otk Catyx bilabiatus, sos superiore ma-
jore semibifido obtuso. AMINA omnia connexa. LxecumeEn plano- -compres-
icellat nm’ polyspe rmum, margine utroque i sccohaasiee um. Sema stro-
phiolata. Dzgcanpoxte. Prodromus Systematis "Vulvenatn Regni Vegeta-
bilis, II, p. 116.
SPECIES. Bossiza LINOPHYLLA. R. Brown. Ramis compressis Spe
foliis 1 leguminibus l-locularibus. Ibid, 117
3
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, Bossima. CaALyx two-lipped, the
upper lip larger, nearly two-cleft, obtuse. STAMENs united into a mo-
nadelphous tube. Pop flatly compressed, stalked, many -Poted. both
margins thickened, S£eEpDs strophiolated.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, BOSSIZA LINOPHYLLA. Survup
erect, about three feet high, branched, branches leafy, compressed,
flexile, Leaves stipular, stipules subulate, alternate, spreading, linear,
somewhat pointed, margins recurved. FLowers axillary, solitary,
nearly clothing the branches from the base to the tip. Catyx green-
ish, two-lipped, upper lip two-cleft, under lip 3-toothed. Coro.za of
5 petals. Sranparp large, orbiculate, slightly emarginate, of an
orange-yellow, with brownish red streaks externally, and a brownish
red spot, with radiating lines, towards the base or claw. Wines small,
spreading, orange streaked with red. Krew of two slightly cohering
petals. Stamens 10, monadelphous. StTyLe pointed. Pop com-
pressed, one-celled, many-seeded.
Popurar anp Geocrapnican Notice. This pleasing little plant
is a native of the south-west coast of New Holland, where it was first
REFERENCE TO THE epetdiiaee
1, The calyx. 2, The ale or wi
The yexillum or standard. pie The stamens forming a sacuedstpnoes se: around the poorly
—
lof t
discovered by Robert Brown: a few other species are found on the
south-west of the Australian territory, but the greater number belong
to the east coast; one only has been found in Van Dieman’s Land.
All the species yet known have yellow flowers. Thus the peculiar
type of vegetation which these plants present, has its locality assigned
to it, and observes limits in its geographical distribution, with as un-
varying uniformity, as their flowers assume the hue which characterizes
them. Other remarkable points may be noted in the genus; particularly
the disposition of the branches to become flat, and thereby resemble
leaves, the office of which they frequently discharge; the leaves them-
selves being often wanting, as happens in the species Bossizea Scolo-
pendra, Bossiza rufa, and others. In this respect they resemble certain
speceis of Phyllanthus. They thus serve to diversify the aspect of ihe
foliage and landscape scenery, in a country where an unusual degree of
monotony in the appearance of the woods is everywhere observable.
InrropucTion; WHERE GROWN; Couture. It was first introduced
to British cultivators in 1803. Our drawing was made in the month
of June from a fine plant grown in the Birmingham Botanic Gar-
den. It does not require more protection than the conservatory affords,
in which it freely unfolds its lively blossoms in May and June. The
following notice respecting its culture occurs in the Botanical Cabinet,
of the Messrs. Loddiges, from which we take the liberty of extracting
it. “It is not easily increased, except by seeds. A light loam with a
little peat mixed, is the proper soil for it. It is not particularly ten-
der, and only requires the common greenhouse protection, with a mod-
erate quantity of water. Planted out in the conservatory it grows far
more luxuriantly, and flowers much better than when confined in a
pot.”
DERIVATION OF THE NaMEs.
Bossa, so called after M. Bossieu Lamartiniere, one of the companions of
La Perouse. Linopnyiza, from \wwoy Linon, flax; and ¢vAAov PHuLton, a leaf,
the leaves resembling those of the common flax.
SyNONYMEs.
Bosst#as trnopayria. R. Brown: Hortus Kewensis, Ed. 2, Vol. IV, p. 266.
Sims: Botanical Magazine, t. 20: Loddiges’ Botanical Cabinet, t. 174. De-
dolle: Prodromous, II, p. 117.
Ml
< /
vo eer
fthiortl-tit Sereeceee,
EUPHOR BIA PUNICEA.
CRIMSON-FLOWERED EUPHORBIA.
EXOGENZ, oR DICOTYLEDONE.
Natural division
to which
this Plant a
NATURAL ORDER, EUPHORBIACE.
erg aia) Artificial divisions DODECANDRIA,
oF eee to which TRIGYNIA,
[PERO ULE oe this Plant | &% yw OF LINNEUS,
tigi No. 69. ‘
GENUS. Heras: Linnevs. Involucrum androgynum 4-5-fidum, ex
tus appendiculis glandulosis, (Petala Linnei, Nectaria aliorum.) FLores mas-
culi peripherici: pedicelli incerti numeri,s inguli cum singulis staminibus ar-
ticulati. GERMEN 2 ae ma centrale. pe 3, 2-fidi. Capsvxa 3-cocea.
SprenceL: Species Plantarum, Vol. I, p
SPECIES. Evrsorsta punicea. Swarrz: — mbella sub-5-fida, radi
3-fidis, bracteis splendide puniceis oblongis acutis, appendiculis es
cotyloideis, foliis spathulatis subtus glaucis. Spreneex: Species Plantarum,
Vol. TIT i:
CHARACTER OF THE Genus, EvpHorsia. InvoLucreE androgyn-
ous, 4-5 cleft, externally furnished with glandular appendages. Those
pedicels which are arranged around the central one, are variable in
number, each bearing a single stamen, with which it is articulated.
Ovary pedicellate, central. Stynes 3, each 2-cleft. Capsuxe form-
ed of three cocci.
Descriprion or THE Species, Evpnorsia punicea. STEM
woody, in the native country attaining 15 to 20 feet in height, branch-
ing near the top; branches smooth, dichotomous, spreading, swollen
at the points of bifurcation, and bearing towards their summits leaves
which are crowded, almost sessile, oval, lanceolate, somewhat acute, or
pointed, of a deep green above, glaucous beneath, often of a red co-
lour at their base. INFLORESCENCE of about 5 moneceous pedicellate
capitula, arranged as an umbel. PrpiceLs pubescent bearing 2 large
bractee arranged like partial involucres a little below each capitulum.
These bractex are sessile, oblong, somewhat acuminate, of a rich crim-
son colour; they are more or less abortive on the innermost pedicel,
and are sometimes all crowded together in the form of a general invo-
lucrum, when the part of the pedicel below them is not well developed,
(see Botanical Magazine, Vol. 45, PI. 1961). The true involucres
i
en TO THE DissEcTIONs.
1, The invol ith its B ‘i dages, 2, A staminiferous flower. 3, The ovary.
(or anthodia surrounding the capitula) are fleshy, urceolate, deep
crimson, pubescent, hairy within, and bear from 5 to 6 bright yellow
oval cup-shaped glands onthe margin. Staminiferous flowers 12 to 15
in each capitulum, each composed of a single stamen, jointed on a
small pedicel. Pistilliferous flower solitary in each capitulum; the
ovarium globose greenish, on a pedicel which becomes longer than the
involucrum, inclines to one side, and curves downwards, the style
short reddish, branching into 3 obtuse black stigmata; at the base of
the floral pedicel are numerous filamentous bracts. CapsuLes smooth,
roundish, of the size of a small cherry: seeds smooth, brown.
PopuLar anp GeocrapHicaL Notice. This handsome'species
of Euphorbia, is a native of Jamaica, growing among stones on
mountains in the interior. An acrimonious juice is found in this spe-
cies, and in almost all euphorbiaceous plants; yet it is strange, as re-
marked by Dr. Lindley, that from such plants should be obtained
caoutchouc, a most innocuous substance. But what appears still more
extraordinary is the fact, that silk is not improbably a modification of
the caoutchouc of these plants, elaborated by the silk-worms, which it
has been maintained feed exclusively on milky-juiced and caoutchouc-
yielding plants. Such at least seems to be the legitimate inference
from the extensive Speier of Dr. Royle, whose statement we
subjoin.
“In a paper read to the British Association, at Bristol, on the
plants which yielded caoutchouc, “I observed that they all belonged to
the milky-juice families of Cichoracere, Lobeliacee, Apocynacee, As-
clepiadacee, Euphorbiacee, and Artocarpez, a tribe of Urticacee. In
the first place it may be observed that many of the plants of these
families are remarkable for the strength and tenacity of the fibre
they yield for rope-making: secondly, that bird-lime is prepared from
plants belonging to families which yield caoutchouc, as from the
apocyneous Voacanga in Madagascar; and in India, from different
species of Ficus and Artocarpus. But the most interesting fact which
I obtained from the investigation, was one most unexpected, and the
least connected with the subject. Having been previously employed
in considering the proper means for extending the cultivation of silk -
in India; it struck me as singular, that so many of the plants which
silk-worms prefer, next to the mulberry leaf, should be found in those
families which yield caoutchouc. Thus, in England, the lettuce and
dandelion leaves, belonging to Cichoracz, and in India, Ficus religio-
sa, belonging to Artocarpez, have been ascertained to be the best sub-
stitutes for the leaves of the mulberry ; while the Arindy silk-worm of
India, Phalena Cynthia, feeds upon those of the castor-oil plant, Ri-
cinus communis, belonging to Euphorbiacee. Considering that a cir-
cumstance of this nature was not likely to be accidental, I was induced
to think that it depended upon the presence of some principle com-
mon to all these vegetables, and therefore that caoutchoue (perhaps in
a modified state) might really be contained in the juice of the mulberry,
though this is described as not being milky. I therefore requested Mr.
Sevier, who has made so many discoveries in the properties of caout-
chouc, to ascertain whether my conjecture was well-founded. Ina
few days he informed me that the mulberry-tree sap was of a milky
nature,’and did actually contain caoutchouc, especially on dry and
bright sunny days.”
Since this was written it has been stated in the newspapers, that a
species of Scorzonera, which belongs to the natural family of Cicho-
racee, has been found a good substitute for the mulberry leaf, in
France. We have also been informed that a caterpillar which forms a
very large cocoon, and spins a tough but coarse kind of silk, feeds on
the leaves of the South-American caoutchouc tree, Siphonia elastica.
This is but one of the important and interesting results which may be
expected to follow from studying and arranging plants in groups, ac-
cording to their affinities, as has been attempted by what is termed
the Natural Method. Led away by the apparent simplicity of an
artificial arrangement of plants, botanists neglected the strong proofs
furnished by the instinetive propensities of the whole animal kingdom,
that plants which agree in structure generally possess similar proper-
ties. It was long known that certain animals fed on particular plants,
and both during the last century and the present, this fact has been
adduced as an evidence of the paternal care of the Creator, in provi-
ding food convenient for all his creatures, “so that each should have
its allotted portion” (See Stillingfleet’s Tracts ; Art. “The Swedish
Pan,” translated from the Pan Suecicus, in Ameenitates Academice, Vol.
II; also, Church of England Magazine, Vol. III, p. 211); but it is
available also to shew the correctness of botanical analogies. In this
way has Decandolle (Essai sur les Propriétés Médicales des Plantes)
applied it, and it is so much the more convincing, that the proof is thus
drawn from a source incapable of bias or prejudice. A few of the
examples may be quoted. The Cynips Ross, and Cynips Salicis, the
Cionus Scrophularie, and Hypera Rumicis feed upon several, some-
times all, the species of the genera of plants mentioned; but upon no
species belonging to any other tribe of plants. And indeed, the fact
of the Cionus Scrophularie feeding on species of Verbascum may be
allowed to decide the point of the genus Verbascum belonging to the
Scrophulariacee, and not to the Solanacee, as some think it does. The
Meloe vesicatoria, (Spanish blistering fly) gives the preference to the
ash, then to the lilac, or privet, and last to the olive, all members of
the tribe Oleacee. This insect is never found on any plant of the
Jasminacee, though it is not uncommon on willows, from which it is
remarkable that manna may be obtained, as well as from the Ornus
Europea, or flowering ash. The Pontia Brassice or Cabbage Butter-
fly feeds only on Cruciferous plants, with the solitary exception of the
Tropxeolum majus, or Indian cress, the similarity existing between
which and some Cruciferous plants, has procured for it the name of
Nasturtium. While the Tinea (flavella) of Reaumur, the natural food
of which is the Astragalus glycyphyllus, in the absence of that, what-
ever variety may be presented to it, will only feed on some other legu-
minous plant.
These examples, the number of which might easily be increased,
may convince every one of the advantage of following a Natural Me-
thod of classification, to discover which, Linneus devoted the latter
portion of his life, leaving it upon record as his opinion, that “The
Natural Method, as it was the first, so will it ever be the highest, ob-
ject of botany.” Roverr Dickson.
‘INTRODUCTION; WHERE Grown; Cutture. This splendid trop-
ical subject was first introduced to Great Britain from Jamaica, in
1778. To the kindness of John Wilmore Esq. of Oldford, we owe the
present opportunity of figuring this plant. It requires to | t in
the stove. It may be propagated by cuttings; but to prevent the
exhaustion and decay of these by an exudation of their milky sap,
they should be nearly separated from the plant and then left three or
four days till the sap has coagulated, so as to prevent further waste of
it. They may then be wholly cut through and struck under glass.
Further practical directions shall be given at a future opportunity.
ATION OF THE NAMES.
Evpnorsia, so called after Statoil physician to Juba, king o f Mauritania.
Punicevs, scarlet, from Punicus, < of or belon nging to Pheenicia, famous for its
dye of purple, said t hell-fish of the genus Murex.
Syn
Evpxorsia punicEa. Sw sites evident; p- 76. Flora Indiz ——
Il, p. 873. Hortus Kewensis 2, p. 143. Smith: Icones picte, IIT, t. 3.
Tcones Plantarum rariorum IHL, t. t. 484. Collectanea, 2, p. 179. psoas petted
Plantarum, ITI, p.790. Botanical Register, 190. Botanical Magazine, 1961.
Botanical Cabinet, 1901.
tLe flebcrvime.
Reo Fede
: POINSET'TIA PULCHERRIMA.
var. Albida.
' SHOWY POIN SETTIA.
Variety, White-bracted.
EXOGENZ, DICOTYLEDONE &.
ee} VY —WY
NATURAL ORDER, EUPHORBIACE,
MONOCHLAMYDEZ, ‘ Artificial divisions DECANDRIA,
OF te which TRIGYNIA.
DECANDOLLE. this Plant belongs. OF LINNE us,
No. 70.
PornserriaA. Granam. InvotucruM mono a ovatum
andro ogynum, basi 5-loculare, extus appendiculo unico nectarif Fores
pedicellati, nudi; masculi bifariam in singulis loculis ontthidl, ‘anonaniaeh;
foeminei nee , centrales, germen trilobum; ovulum solitarium singulis lobis.
GraHam in
eyes OF THE GENUS, Porarrru. INVOLUCRE mono-
phyllous, ovate, androgynous (bearing both male and female flowers),
5-celled at the base, having a single external nectariferous appendix
near the top. F.Lowers pedicellate, naked ; the staminiferous flowers
arranged in two rows in each compartment, each flower consisting of
one stamen (monandrous); the pistilliferous flowers solitary ; ovary
three-lobed, containing one ovulum in each lobe.
DESCRIPTION. OF THE Species, POINSETTIA PULCHERRIMA,
VAR. ALBIDA, Sarvs erect, branched, branches hollow, round,
when Jaane, obscurely four-angled. Leaves alternate, sometimes
op >, petiolate, ovate, acute, unequally lobed, veined, veins often
parallel, limb of the largest leayes about five inches long, and three
broad, the mid-rib not in the centre, pubescent on both sides, but espe-
cially the under, which is.of a lighter green. Bracts resembling the
leaves, but smaller, the largest three inches long, not so much lobed,
but unequal, and in the present variety of a white, or yery pale yellow
colour, PaNnicLE cymose; pedicels articulated ; involucres likewise
articulated, greenish yellow, turbinate, or ovate, toothed, externally
marked by five furrows, with which internally alternate five falcate
processes, which are narrow at the mouth of the involucre, but become
broader as they descend towards the lower part, where they meet ina
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcrTIONs.
I, External view of involucre, es tiande its articulated pedicel. 2, Sections of involucre, showing
the pistilliferous flower in centre, surrounded by the staminiferous 3, Pistilliferous
* ttn hk
mower
appendage. a eimaatmesatiadipn etiam memtied,
central column, thus dividing the base of the involucre into five com-
partments ; erect fimbrie arising from their margins partially divide
the upper part of the involucre into a similar number of cells; teeth
of the involucre numerous, connivent, whitish, woolly on the inner side;
near the top of the inyolucre are several appendages, or nectaries, of
which four are abortive and one perfect, which is round, entire, peltate,
and so constructed at the margin, as to appear two-lipped. SvTamni-—
FEROUS FLOWERS about 10-12, in double rows in each compartment
of the involucre, from the base of which they spring, each accompanied
with a scale, which is hairy towards the top; monandrous. STAMENS
articulated on small pedicels, filaments whitish, anthers two-lobed,
yellow. PisTILLIFEROUS FLOWERS solitary, central, supported on a
short stalk, naked, ovary three-lobed, styles three, each style — (?)
oe at the apex. Ovute solitary in each cell. |
Poputar aNp Grocrapnicat Notice. This variety was dato:
yered about 400 miles from the city of Mexico, by Wm. Bates, Esq.,
by whom it was sent to Charles Tayleure, Esq., Toxteth-Park, near
Liverpool. Whether it is a distinct species, or merely a variety of pul-
cherrima, is somewhat doubtful; we deem it safer to regard it only
as a variety, rather than create new species on imperfect data. Poin-
settia pulcherrima was in flower in the Liverpool Garden, at the same
time, a coincidence which further disposes us to think that they are
the same; and this view we are happy to have strengthened by Pro-
fessor Graham, who has carefully compared both plants. A white
milky juice, flows from any wounded part. Large drops of clear sweet
~ fluid collect at the mouth of the nectariferous appendix. gee
“InrropucTION; WHERE GrowN; CuLTurEe. The piel from
which our drawing was made in December, was obligingly supplied
from the Garden of the Liverpool Botanical Society, to which it had
been presented by Charles Tayleure Esq. This gentleman had also
received the red-bracted Poinsettia pulcherrima from Wm. Bates, Esq.
previous to its introduction from Philadelphia by Mr. James Me Nab,
so that it was by his exertions in the gardens of England before the
specimen from which the drawing in the Botanical Magazine, 3493, was
made. It should be kept in a cool stove or warm AOE
Derivation OF THE NAMEs.
Porxserrra, so called in honour of J.R. Poinsett, the United States C wait
at Mexico, (Author of Notes on Mexico, 8vo., London, 1825), who rediscovered
the red-bracted Poinsettia pulcherrima, which had been marked in Wildenow’s
eae as Euphorbia pulcherrima. ar de sale peat of pulcher,
fair. a, from albus, white, alluding to the pale colour of the bracts.
5
e 4elofice PCC OS IIE i
Shite Aton de
—
Fig 2 23 maternal ee
ok. eRe af peattiare
TELO'PEA SPECIOSIS'SIMA.
MOST SHEWY TELOPEA.
DICOTYLEDONEZ.
Natural division
to which
this Plant a
*
NATURAL ORDER, PROTEACES,
MONOCHLAMYDER, Artificial o}
OF to which pcnieiomracang
DECANDOLLE. this Plant =} OF LINNEUs,
No. 71.
ENUS. Tetorea. R. Brown. Pertanturium irregulare, hine longitu. ~
dinaliter fissum inde 4-fidum. Sramrna apicibus concavis perianthii immersa.
i i VARIUM i
ris.
tum. Sryuvs persistens, Sricma obliquum, clavatum, convexum. FouicuLus
unilocularis, cylindraceus. Semina apice alata, ala hinc immarginata inde
ulosa, nervo oblique recurrente. Invotucrum (racemi vel ae ae imbri-
eatum, deciduum. Brown, Prodromus Flore Nove Hollandiz I, p. 388.
SPECIES. Tetoprsa sreciosissima. Foxtts cuneato oblongis inciso-den-
tatis venosis cum ramulis involucrisque glaberrimis. Ibid.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, TELOPEA. PERIANTH irregular, be-
ing sometimes longitudinally split, sometimes 4-cleft. Stamens hid
in the concave points of the perianth. GLaNp hypogynous, single,
subannular. Ovary many-seeded, stalked. Sry .e persistent. Stic-
ma oblique, club-shaped, convex. FOovLicie one-celled, cylindrical.
Seeps winged at the apex, wing sometimes immarginate, sometimes
vascular, the nerve obliquely recurrent. INvoLucre (whether of the
raceme or corymb) imbricated, deciduous. :
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, TELOPEA SPECIOSISSIMA, A
Survs, which in its native country becomes 8 or 10 feet high, with
definite branches, which are simple, round, and wand-like. Leaves
scattered, exstipulate, oblong, wedge-shaped, obtuse, toothed or incised,
from 4 to 8 inches long, attenuate at the base, smooth, veined, green
on the upper surface, lighter almost glaucous beneath. FLOwERs
forming a terminal raceme, which from the aggregation of the flowers
has a capitate appearance, surrounded by an involucre of numerous
lanceolate veined leaves, of the richest crimson, somewhat downy on
the upper surface. Each flower pedicellate, with one bract to each
pair of footstalks. Srpaxs of the perianth cohere at the base, except
ReVERERCE TO THE DissECTIONS.
1 Chee , With the pistil y liberated. 2,Seedvessel and seed. 3, Single seed, with its wing.
at the back of the flower, till the anthers cause them to separate. SEc-
MENTs long, linear, hollow at the apex. Stamens 4, filaments short,
anthers yellow, kidney-shaped, lodged in the concave pits at the apex
of each sepal. Ovary stalked, Styx long, slender, curved. SrigMa
large, obtuse. PrEricarP a coriaceous follicle, cylindrical, smooth,
recurved, splitting along the ventral suture. S£Eps several, flattish,
having a long narrow wing attached to the apex.
PopuLar AND GeocrapHicaL Notice. Of all the splendid pro-
ductions of New Holland, none surpass the present plant, which liter-
ally dazzles the eyes of the beholders, when decked in all its brilliancy
in its native land, where it flowers in October. The name among the
Aborigines is Waratah, by Europeans it is sometimes termed Tulip
tree; but this must not he confounded with the Liriodendron or Tulip
tree of North America. Like some of the Banksias of New Holland, the
tube of the flower is charged with honey, a property which causes it
to be still more prized by the natives. It is not uncommon in the vales
on the east coast of New Holland, near Port Jackson, in stony places,
particularly when somewhat shaded. See Bennet’s Wanderings in
New South Wales.
INTRODUCTION; WHERE GROWN; CuLTurRE. It was introduced
many years ago, by living plants, sent from Sidney Cove, to the Dow-
ager Lady de Clifford, Nyn Hall, near Barnet, Hertfordshire. The
plant from which our drawing was made flowered in the greenhouse
of W. Moore Esq., of Wychdon Lodge, Staffordshire. This gentle-
man had a drawing made of the plant, with the use of which he most
politely favoured us, as well as the flower itself. We know of no other
instance of its blossoming in this country for several years past. His
gardener, Mr. Thomas Vickerstaff, informs us that the plant which is of
a single shoot, 23 feet high, was potted in a mixture of sand, peat, and
leaf-mould, and was at all times sparingly watered.
Derivation oF THE NAMEs.
TeLope, from Ty\w7o¢ a thing seen at a distance, the brilliant head of flow-
ers rendering the plant visible from afar. a oe superlative of speci-
osus, most shewy, ees tothe splendour of the fi
_ Synowymes.
Ber a Brown: aggre: of Linnean Society, Vol. X.
EMBOTHRIUM SPECIOSISSIMUM. Smith: New Holland, 19, t. 7. Sims: Bot-
anical Magazine, 1128.
EMBOTHRIUM SPECIOSUM,
gee” Paradisus Londinensis, III.
EMBOTHRIUM SPATHULATUM; Cayanilles,
~ HO’VEA PURPU’REA.
ot eee HOVEA.
EXOGEN&, : DICOTYLEDONE2.
Natural division
to which
this Plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, LEGUMINOSA.
/ sett
CALYCIFLORE
OF of fi) Y \ 3, to which sara; af
DECANDOLLE,. sa this eas | on TEENS,
No. 72.
Hovesa. Ropsert Brown. Catryx — sae a
semibifido Into retuso, inferiore seperti ato. CaRINA 0 Sta
p Peace snl ‘ideccaiigs :
yentricosum dispermum. SEMINA strophiolata. DEcanpoLLE: Prodromus
Systematis Universalis Regni Rit = ny p- 115,
SPECIES. Hovea purru Sweet. Forts lineari oblongis obtusis
mucronulatis supra ae abris aubin ‘onli pedicellis petiolo brevioribus
geminis. Linpzey: Botanical Register, folio 1423.
CHARACTER OF THE Genvs, Hovea. Catyx two-lipped, upper
lip semibifid, broad, retuse, lower lip three parted. KrEeLobtuse. Sra-
MENS all united into a monadelphous tube, or the tenth stamen more
or less detached at the upper part. Lee@uMen or pod sessile, roundish,
swelling, two-seeded. Srxps strophiolated,
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species, HovEA purRPUREA.. A shrub, six
feet high, branched, bushy, branches thickish, round or slightly angled,
covered with a greyish pulverulentdown. Leaves alternate, petiolate,
sl ei ie foe we a eae linear, oblong, obtuse, either
pex, slightly revolute at the mar-
gins, upper arty very deep green, slightly retictinied. smooth; under
surface densely clothed with an arachnoid down, grey in the old leaves,
or a rusty colour in the expanding leaves; mid-rib conspicuous on
both, but especially on the under surface. -Frowers axillary, clothing
the upper branches, geminate, ped llate; pedicels shorter than the
petioles of the leaves: flowers purple, diverging to each side of the
branches, every flower provided with 3 b
rracte les, which are ovate,
adpressed, of a rusty brown colour, the two. superior nearly equa] to the
teeth of the calyx, the inferior smaller and more remote. CaLyx
densely covered with down; upper lip truncate, emarginate, lower lip
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIONs.
1, The standard. 2, Fl fi hich the standard has t i, 3, The keel. 4, The
stamens.
; : bis ae
Phas ceca events « oud COE. Milis del
_—
- QUISQUA'LIS IN’DICA.
* INDIAN oe
Natural division
canoes to which
this Plant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, COMBRETACEZ.
CALYCIFLORE, Artificial divisions DECANDRIA,
poe __ to which _ MONOGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE, this Plant belongs. OF LINNEUS,
No. 73.
GENUS. Qutsquatis. Rumpxivs. Catycis tubus supra ovarium longi-
sime productus gracilis deciduus, ore 5-fid eTATA 5 ovali-oblonga obtusa
ee Ovarrum ovato-oblongum 4-ovulatum. Styuvus filiformis obtusus
xsertus, inferné tubo calycis adglutinatus. Drupa sicca 5-angularis l-sperma.
Chtyiedbads carnose maximz plano-convexe. DECANDOLLE,
SPECIES. Quitsquatts Inpica. Linneévs. Pubescens, bracteis ovato-
rhombeis aristato-acuminatis sab quoque flore, petalis ovali-oblongis adpressé
pubescentibus. p. 23.
CHARACTER OF THE GENUS, QuisquaLIS. TuBE of the calyx
slender, deciduous, greatly prolonged beyond the ovarium, rim 5-cleft.
Pertats 5, oval-oblong, obtuse, larger than the calycine teeth. Sra-
mENs 10, protruding, inserted on the throat of the calyx, the alternate
ones shorter. Ovary ovato-oblong, containing 4 ovules. Sryie
filiform, obtuse, exserted, agglutinated below to the tube of the calyx.
Drure dry, 5-angled, l-seeded. CorTyLEpons fleshy, flattish convex.
DESCRIPTION OF THE Species QuisquaLis Inpica. A climbing
pin antes throughout, except the tube of the calyx, branched,
ite or alternate, petiolate, ovato-lanceolate,
slightly cordate at the hae: upper surface dark green, mid-rib and
nerves strongly marked, INFLORESCENCE in terminal panicles, each
flower with an ovately rhomboidal, acuminately awned bract. Tube of
the calyx long, slender, somewhat club-shaped towards the apex or
throat, five-cleft at the top, segments lanceolate, acute. Prats 5, spa-
thulato-ovate, blunt, inserted on the rim of the calyx, with the segments
of which they alternate; when the petals first expand in the morning
they are white, become reddish about noon, and rose-coloured in the
evening, presenting next day a blood-red colour. These changes are
more or less rapid according to the intensity of the light. Sramens
10, in two rows, attached to the inner side of the throat of the calyx,
REFERENCE TO THE DissEcTIons. .
1, Back of anther. 2, Front of ditto. 3, Petal, 4, Tube laid open.
»
the stamens of each row alternating with those of the other, upper row
protruding. Ovary adherent to the base of the tube of the calyx, one
celled, 5-angled; style long, slender, protruding beyond the anthers.
Poputar aNp GroerapHicaL Notice. As the name implies,
India is the native land of this elegant and interesting plant. It be-
longs both to the islands and peninsula of India, and if Drs. Wight and
Arnott (Prodromus Flore Peninsulz Indiz Orientalis, I, p. 318), are
correct in reducing several supposed species (Q. pubescens, Q. glabra,
Q. Loureiri, Q. villosa) to mere varieties of the present plant, it has
a still wider range, being found in Cochin-china, The whole order
Combretacee consists of plants known only in the tropical, none being
found in the extra-tropical, parts of Asia, Africa,and America. They
number amongst them many remarkable for their beauty, and several
for their utility. One of the latter is thus mentioned by Humboldt. “Our
host was employed in joining large pieces of wood by means of a kind
of glue called guayca. This substance, used by the carpenters of An-
gostura, resembles the best glue extracted from the animal kingdom.
It is found perfectly prepared between the bark and the alburnum of
the Combretum guayca. It probably resembles in its chemical pro-
perties birdlime, the vegetable principle obtained from the berries of
the misletoe, and the internal bark of the holly. An astonishing abun-
dance of this glutinous matter issues from the twining branches of the
vejuco de guayca when they are cut. Thus we find within the tropics
a substance in a state of purity, and deposited in peculiar organs, which
in the temperate zone can be procured only by the processes of art.”
Personal Narrative, vol. VI, part I, p. 5.
INTRODUCTION ; WHERE GROWN; CuLTureE. The introduction of
this plant took place in 1815. The specimen from which our drawing
was made was obligingly communicated by Mr. Cameron, Curator of
the Birmingham Botanic Garden. The best soil is a mixture of loam
and peat, and cuttings root freely in sand in a moist heat, under a
hand-glass. Few more beautiful objects can be seen than the Quisqua-
lis Indica trained either along the rafters, or covering the trellis-work
of a stove, as it goes on flowering for several months in summer; and the
changeable character of the flowers give it — a new aspect.
ATION OF THE Na
AME
Quisqvaris, a singularly compounded word, ate Quis which, ant qualis,
kind, as its — and order were doubtful. Inptca, Indian.
SynonyMeEs
QuisavaLis ans Rumphius Amboina, 5, t. 38. Linneus: Species, 556
ba Botanical i cor folio 2033, G. Don, Diction-
ary of Gellgianen d Botany, II, Decandolle : : Prodromus III, 23.
S Meritt, 12:
i
4
MO Withers. sei ‘ Sconteceds fp CCOOSE.
~
zs JUSTI'CIA SPECIOSA.
~~ SHEWY JUSTICIA.
oR DICOTYLEDONE&.
which
sees nae division
this Pant belongs.
NATURAL ORDER, ACANTHACE,
COROLLIFLORE&, S35 Artificial diyisions Bato Sone
OF mn to which ONOGYNIA,
DECANDOLLE. NJ this Plant belongs, } or LINNEUS,
No. 74.
_— Justicia. Linnevs. Caryx 4-5-fidus bracteatus. Corona
2-labia AnTHER# 2-loculares, loculis sepe distantibus. Capsuta ovalis_
2: acinar loculis dispermis, dissepimento retinacula seminum — ad-
nato. SprENGEL. Species Plantarum, vol. I, p. 27.
PEC IES. Justicia SPECIOSA Roxsuren. Pepuncc is axillaribus pan-
cifloris prolife: eris, bract
tusis rae vege
sities foliaceis, foliis petiolatis cordato-ovatis ob-
at eeerext
THE GENUS, Justicia. Catryx 4-5 cleft, bracte-
d.. ANTHERS 2-celled, cells often separate.
cd ‘ells two-seeded, dissepiment bearing the
‘hooked processes of the placenta adnate.
DeEscrIPTION OF THE SpEciES, Justicia Speciosa. Survs tall,
spreading; stem and old branches ash-coloured, younger branches
green, glabrous, rounded, scarcely striated. Leaves opposite, petiolate,
ovate, acuminate; lower and larger leaves subcordate, and crenate,
dark green, roughish above, paler beneath; nerves oblique, promi-
nent on the under surface. Pepuncues axillary and terminal, often
proliferous, few-flowered. Bracrs forming a double involucre, cilia-
ted on the margins; the outer circle composed of four leaflets, two of
which are oblong, two spathulato-oblong; the inner circle consisting
of four upright, lanceolate, smaller, leaflets, surrounding each flower.
Catyx small, of 5 deep, linear, acute segments. CoroLta purple,
externally pubescent; tube very long, curved, singularly twisted, limb
divided into an upper and under lip, which by the curvature of the
tube are transposed; the upper (naturally under) lip broad, blunt,
three-toothed, with one large, and several small dark spots at the base ;
lower lip entire, or obscurely two-toothed. STaMENS two; filaments
slender, long, extending much beyond the throat. ANTHERS of two
cells, one obliquely above the other. Ovary ovate, with a fleshy an-
nular disk. STYLE nearly as long as the stamens. Stiema obscurely
two-cleft.
Popvtar AND Geoarapnican Notice. Among the numerous
splendid productions of tropical forests, this has been pronounced by
Dr. Roxburgh, than whom scarcely any could be a more competent
judge, “to be one of the greatest ornaments of the forests of the inte-
rior of Bengal.” Many of the peculiar characters of the tribe of Acan-
thacee may be studied in this plant; one of the most remarkable of
which is the position of the two cells of the anthers, which are not
opposite as in most instances of two-celled anthers, but obliquely one
above the other. Nees von Essenbeck imagines that this irregularity
is connected with a general tendency to unequal dichotomy, which is
more particularly indicated by one of the opposite leaves being une-
qual, by the bases of the leaves being frequently oblique, by the one-
seeded spikes with two rows of abortive, and two of flower-bearing
bracts, &c, The attachment of the seeds to the placente is also very
peculiar, The seed-vessel opens with considerable elasticity and pro-
pels the seeds to a distance. Several species of Justicia are fragrant,
while others yield colouring principles. It is probable that the juice
of the flowers of the Justicia speciosa would furnish the best pigment
for colouring drawings of the flower, as is the case with the juice of
the Tradescantia.
InrTropucTION; WHERE Grown; CuLTuRE. This species first
found a place in British gardens in 1826. It was raised by Lady
Bunbury, of Barton Hall, Suffolk, from seeds received by her from
St. Helena, to which island it had probably been introduced from the
Botanic Garden, Caleutta. The plant from which we were kindly
permitted to have a drawing made, flowered in the stove of Robert
Barclay, Esq. of Leyton, Essex. The Justicia speciosa may be grown
either as a stove or greenhouse plant, but its beauty is most perfectly
developed in the stove, where it makes a noble appearance during au-
tumn and part of the winter. It should be potted in rather strong
rich loam, and have plenty of pot room. May be rapidly increased
by —— at any season.
Derivation or THE Names.
2 Beep in compliment to ren James Justice, a Scotch Gardener, author of
: . ritish Gardener's Director.” He lived about the middle of the last cen-
ury. Spreciosa, shewy, from ‘es handsome appearance of the flowers.
Syno
Justicia Spectosa Roxb h:
vol. I, p.85. Botani cal Mag ieee Tao Sprengel: Species Plantarum,
€ y (Seay
tee Ctcslaler.
ue Withers ded
MAXILLA'RIA CRISTATA.
CRESTED MAXILLARIA.
ENDOGEN x,
af f i iW races Ng
- ha} 8] { this prey en