FLORA CAPENSIS: BEING A Systematic Description of the Plants OF THE CAPE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, & PORT NATAL. BY WILLIAM H. HARVEY, M.D., FBS. PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN, ETC., ETC., ETC. AND OTTO WILHELM SONDER, Pu. D. OF HAMBURGH, MEMBER OF THE IMPERIAL LEOP, CAROLINE ACADEMY NATURZ CURIOSORUM, ETC,, ETC., ETC. VOLUME IIL RUBIACEH TO CAMPANULACEZ. a DUBLIN: HODGES, SMITH, AND CO., 104, GRAFTON-STREET, Booksellers to the University. CAPETOWN: L C. JUTA. 1864-1865. Missour! BoTANIcAD GARDEN LIBRARY PREFACE. ——ae—— Tuts third volume contains the Orders of CALYCIFLOR with a monopetalous corolla and an inferior ovary. The fourth volume (shortly to be in preparation for press) will, it is hoped, include the Heaths (Hricee) and all the Monopetale with superior ovaries, 4. €. the COROLLIFLOR& proper. The fifth volume will probably take in all the MonocHLAMYDE, and the sixth the - Mownocotyieponss and Ferns, completing the work. At this stage of their publication the authors feel themselves unwillingly compelled to fix the price of the present and future volumes at eighteen shillings, instead of selling them at twelve _ shillings, as charged for Vols. I. and IJ. Those volumes, having been published at the lower price, will continue to be sold at it. The advance is only to be charged on Vols. IIT, IV., V., VI. This measure has become necessary in self defence, owing to the price of the earlier volumes having been fixed much too low; for, after paying expenses and allowing for interest of money, _ although a considerable part of the edition has been sold, the _ profits are still in expectancy. Nor do they anticipate that the “3 purchasers of this work, on reflection, will consider the price ___—heaeeforward to be charged as unreasonably high. On the con- ont: it will be found rather wnder than over that charged for similar works. The Australian Flora of Mr. Bentham, a work on a similar plan, and one that will include fully as many volumes, sells at twenty shillings per volume, and no one complains that this price is excessive. The volumes of the Cape Flora are of equal size, and equally closely printed. Both works stand on a somewhat similar footing, namely, that they enjoy government grants of £150 each volume, in aid of publication. vi PREFACE. The authors have again to express to their many kind friends in South Africa their renewed thanks for collections of speci- mens sent during the publication of the present volume. Among their older correspondents, already mentioned in Vols. I. and II., those who have most constantly contributed specimens during the publication of Vol. III. have been Mrs. F. W. BarBer and her brother Henry Bowker, Esq., who continue unremittingly and successfully their joint explorations; J. SANDERSON, Esq., of Natal; and Messrs. GERRARD and McKEN, of the same colony. These last-named gentlemen have contributed, within the last two years, over one thousand species of plants, including many novelties, In the preface to Vol. II. mention was made of a collection of Damaraland plants received from “ Miss Elliott:” the author's thanks should have been offered to that lady by her married name, Mrs. KOLBE. The authors now present their thanks to the following new correspondents for their respective contributions : To GEORGE FANNIN, Esq., of the Dargle, Maritzburg, Natal, for very interesting collections of plants, including many novel- ties, made in the neighbourhood of his residence. Among the more noticeable is a noble new species of Anemone (A. Fanninii, H.), with flowers fully larger than those of A. Capensis, and broad, digitately many-lobed, thick, and softly-velvetty leaves ; a most desirable plant to introduce to gardens. To PrererR Mac Owan, Esq., Principal of Shaw’s College, Grahamstown, for several hundred species of the plants of his district, most carefully and beautifully dried. From none of their correspondents have the authors received more admirably prepared specimens, and though the immediate neighbourhood of Grahamstown is not particularly rich, and has already been well beaten over, Mr. Mac Owan has already detected more than one new species, and has added to the Flora the Nuaia congesta, of Abyssinia. A greater service to South African Botany has also been rendered by Mr. Mac Owan, in that he has succeeded in | PREFACE, Vil introducing among the pupils under his care a taste for Botany, which may lead to great results in the next generation. Among his most promising botanical pupils is Mr. R. W. Reape, who has contributed many interesting species, especially of Composite, and whose well dried specimens do credit to his teacher. To J. CHAPMAN, Esq., for a very considerable collection of the plants of the regions to the north of the Colony, in the direction and neighbourhood of Lake Ngami. This collection unfortunately suffered much in its long transit from the interior, and afterwards lay for a couple of years among lumber in a store in Capetown, from which it was rescued through the exertions of —— LAYARD, Esq., of the South African Museum, who most obligingly sought it out and forwarded it to Dublin. Though many of the specimens had perished, and others were much injured, a consi- derable number are in a state fit for examination. To Mrs. Octavius Bowker, through her sister-in-law Mrs. F. W. Barer, for an interesting parcel of plants collected in the Orange Free State. To Colonel BLAGRAVE for specimens of the Hymenophylla found about Table Mountain, &c. To Captain BULGER for specimens collected at Windvogelsberg, and some Orchids from the neighbourhood of Capetown. Lastly, to the Rev. Dr. J. CroumBie Browy, Colonial Botanist, for his unremitting kind attention to the interests of this work, and for the zeal which he has shown, since his appointment, in endeavouring to promote the study of botany in all parts of the Colony, and among the neighbouring extra-colonial missionaries. The authors trust that his untiring efforts to diffuse botanical information throughout the Colony will in due time yield an abundant harvest. To our friends in Europe, already mentioned in Vol. I, we have again to offer our best thanks for their continued support and assistance. And more especially our obligations are due to Sir W. J. Hooker, for the continued free use of the noble Kew Herbarium ; and to Professors Fries and AREscHOUG for the Vili PREFACE. equally free use of such portions of Thunberg’s Herbarium as we desired to consult. The examination of the Thunbergian Com- posite has enabled Dr. Harvey to verify many of the obscure species of older authors, and in many cases to correct the synony- my. And Dr. Sonder has similarly profited, in his troublesome task on the synonymy of the Campanulacece. ee Since the publication of our last volume South dices B Botaty——___ has lost in Dr. Lupovic Papp#, late Colonial Botanist, a most _ diligent, devoted and successful explorer. His large herbarium, the result of many years labour, has been purchased by the Colonial Government for £200, and is now in course of arrange- ment. A portion containing the orders from Ranwneulacee to Umbellifere inclusive, is already accessible to the student, and it is hoped that before the end of the present year the portion available for study will extend to the end of Campanulacee. When the whole shall have been completed the South African student will possess, at Capetown, an aid to study better than any book of reference. Nor can the authors close this preface without a tribute of - gratitude to Rawson W. Rawson, Esq,, late Colonial Secretary, and now Governor of the Bahamas. To the active interest which from the first Mr. Rawson took in their undertaking, and to his powerful advocacy in the Colonial Parliament, are greatly due the very existence of the Flora. Nor was his assistance limited to the greater acts of patronage which became his station, but extended to the smallest details, such as the forwarding of par-— : cels, &c.: in every detail and on every occasion he was invitie:!!y kind and considerate, es Trinity College, Dublin, 24th Feb., 1865. BOM: a eee on oe TX: ~ SEQUENCE OF ORDERS CONTAINED IN VOLUME IIL. WITH BRIEF CHARACTERS. essortnene eno ee Continuation of Sub-Class II. Canycirrtorm. Ord. LX XITI-LXX VIL LXXII. RUBIACES (page 1). Cal. adnate. Cor. monopetalous, epigynous, 4-6-lobed, regular. Stam. 4-6, on the cor. tube, and alternate with its lobes. * Ovary inferior, of 2 or several cells; ovules solitary or many; style simple, rarely bifid. Fruit a capsule, berry or drupe, or a pair of dry nuts; seeds albuminous. (Leaves opposite, quite entire, with interpétiolar stipules. Trees, shrubs, or herbs. ) LXXIV. VALERIANEA (page 39). Cal. adnate. Cor. tubular, epigynous, 5-3-4-lobed, unequal; lobes imbricate in bud, Stam. 1-5, on the cor. tube. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit 1-seeded, dry ; seed pendulous, without albumen. (Leaves opposite, often cut or lobed, without sti- pules. Fl, eymose.) : LXXV. DIPSACEZ: (page 41). Fl. in heads on a common receptacle, girt by a general involucre; each fl. also seated in a cup-like, dry, persistent involucre. Cor. epigynous, tubular; limb oblique, 4—5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stam. 4, on the cor, tube, 2 mostly longer ; fil. exserted; anth. distinct. Ovary inferior, r-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous. Fruit dry, enclosed in the involucel, 1-seeded ; seed albuminous. (Leaves opposite or whorled, often much divided, without stipules. ) LXXVI. COMPOSITA (page 44). FJ. in heads on a common receptacle, girt by a general involucre, no involucel. Cor. epigynous, tubular, valvate in bud. Anth. syngenesious. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, erect. Fruit a dry achene; seed exalbuminous. (A vast family, much diversified ; see the detailed __ observations given at p. 45.) — | AMPANULACES | 530). Cal. tube adnate ; limb 3-10-lobed or subtruncate. - Cor. monop-talous (rarely cleft to the base); the lobes valvate or induplicate in bud. Stam. mostly epigynous, very rarely on the cor. tube anth. separate or syngenesious. Ovary inferior or half-inferior, 2-10-celled ; ovules mostly numerous, rarely few or solitary. Fruit a capsule or berry, rarely a drupe. (Juice often acrid-milky. Lvs. mostly alternate, without stipules. Fi. regular or irregular, in racemes or panicles, or solitary.) “ee . | FLORA CAPENSIS, Orper LXXIII. RUBIACEA, Juss (By W. Sonper). Flowers regular, mostly bisexual, complete. Calyx-tube adhering to the ovary; the limb 4~6 lobed or toothed, sometimes obsolete. Corolla monopetalous, epigynous, 4-6 lobed, deciduous, either valvate or spi- rally-imbricate in estivation. Stamens inserted in the tube of the co- . rolla, as many as its lobes, and alternate with them. Ovary inferior, of a. two or several cells, crowned with an epigynous disc, and usually with the sub-persistent calyx tube ; ovules one or many in each cell ; style single, filiform, simple or, in theStellate, bifid ; stigma mostly thickened, bifid or bilamellate ; capitate in Stellate; long and hairy in Anthosper- mee, Fruit either a capsule, berry, or drupe, or a pair of dry nuts co- hering by their faces. Seeds with copious, fleshy, or horny albumen. Radicle next the hilum, A very large Order, consisting of trees, shrubs, half-shrubs, and minute herbs dispersed over the globe, but chiefly abundant in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Leaves opposite, simple, quite entire, midribbed, and mostly penninerved. Stipules constantly present, interpetiolar, usually small, and connate into a toothed or awned lamina ; in the Stellate leafiike and separate. Many important products are derived from this Order, as Peruvian Bark from various species of Cinchona and allied genera ; : Tpecacuanha from the roots of Cephaelis and others ; Gambir, an intensely astringent substance from Nauclea ; and above all Coffee, from the berries of Coffea Arabica. The wood of the arborescent kinds is hard, close, and heavy, and that of several of the S. African species in use for making yokes, axles, fellies, ploughs, &e. (See Pappe, Syiva Capensis, p. 18-19.) _ TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. * Cells of the fruit many-seeded. Tribe 1. Garnpentace®. /rwié indehiscent, fleshy, 2- (rarely by abortion 1-) celled. Seeds not winged.—Shrubs. -—$,Burehellia.—Uorol/a clayato-infundibuliform, limb short. Stamens about the middlebthe tube. FP 9 onge e ; II. Oxyanthus.—Cprei/a with a very long, slender tube. Stamens exserted. Style clavate. Fruit berry-like. #7 9 ; ctor ay IIL. Stylocoryne.— Corolla salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical tube. - Stigma clavate. Berry dry. 4 , Gardenia.— Corolla salver-shaped, with along be ; limb spreading, 5-9-cl Stamens in the throat of the tube. Berry fleshy. : V. Randia.— Corolla funnel-shaped, with ashort tube. Stigmas 2. Berry nearly dry. 7 | Tribe 2. HepyoTme®. Fruit dehiscent, capsular, 2-celled. Seeds not winged. 4 VI. Hedyotis.—Small herbs. “77 * ** Cells of the fruit 1-seeded, or rarely 2-seeded. Tribe 3. GuErTarDAce®. Fruit drupaceous, with 2-10 pyrene (or nuts). Seeds terete (without longitudinal furrow).—Shrubs or small trees. VII. Vangueria. “/3- Tribe 4. ALBERTIEM. Fruit dry, 10-ribbed and furrowed, 2-celled. Seeds convex at back, flat in front, without furrow. Adbumen fleshy. Shrub or tree. VIII. Alberta — Calyx 5-lobed, 3 lobes small, 2 larger, ear-shaped, much enlarged in fruit, “/> voL. I, 1 now iaee 2 RUBIACE (Sond.) [Burchellia. Tribe s. CoFFEACER. Fruit a 2-celled berry. Seeds convex at the back, flat, and with a longitudinal furrow in front. Albumen horny.—Trees or shrubs ; very rarely herbs. IX. Canthium.—Corolla with a short tube, 4-5-lobed, bearded or naked in the throat ; wstivation valvate. Style filiform, exserted. Stigma undivided, thick, ovato-globose or mitreform. #74 X. Plectronia.—Corolla short, funnel-shaped, 5§-lobed, bearded or naked in the throat. Style short. Stigma bilamellar. 77 XI. Pavetta. Limb of calyx 4-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, wi long, slender tube, and 4-parted limb, imbricate in bud. Style much exserted. XII. Grumilea.— Limb of calyx §-toothed. Corolla with a short tube, villous atthe throat ; valvate in bud. Stigma bifid. 2/ XIII. Kraussia.— Limb of calyx 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short obconi- cal tube, 5-cleft, imbricate in bud. Styleshort. Stigma clavate, striato-lamellate, bifid or bidentate, 22 XIV. Bunburya.—Limb of calyx bilabiate, 6-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, 6-lobed, imbricatein bud. Style filiform. Stigma bilamellate, lamells short, acute. Tribe 6. Spermacoce#. Fruit nearly dry, with 2-6 pyrene or nuts. Stigma bilamellar, or globose, undivided.— Herbs, rarely shrublets. Stipules commonly split into several bristles. XY. Spermacoce.—Flowers axillary, crowded. Corolla salver or funnel-shaped, with 2a a short tube, naked inside. Capsule 2-celled, nuts divisible into 2 parts from the apex, one open, the other closed. 23 XVI. Pentanisia.— Flowers terminal, capitate-spiked. Corolla very long, naked in- side. Capsule bipartible into 2 indehiscent nuts. 24 XVII. Mitracarpum.— F/owers in axillary and terminal heads. Corolla with a cir- cular line of hairs inside. Capsule membranous, circumcised. 75~ XVIII. Hydrophylax.—Flowers axillary, solitary or geminate. Stigma roundly 2-lobed. Fruit dry, corky, angular. 23— Tribe 7. ANTHOSPERMEX. Fruit nearly dry, bipartite (rarely fleshy and 2-celled). Stigmas 1 or 2, much elongated, hairy. Albumen fieshy.—Small shrubs or herbs. Stipules small, 1~-3-toothed. Flowers often dicecious. 76 XIX. Galopina.—Limb of calyx very minute. Fruit of 2 mericarps ; commissure flattish. Stigmas 2.—Large terminal panicle. XX. Anthospermum.— Limb of calyx 4-5-toothed. Fruit of 2 mericarps ; commis- sure concave. Stigmas 2.—Flowers axillary or subpanicled. 26 XXI. Carpacoce.—Limb of calyx 4-5-lobed. Fruit subdidymous, 2-seeded, or by abortion nearly terete, t-seeded. Stigma 1.—Flowers axillary, solitary, 3% XXII. Ambraria.— Fruit spuriously 3-4-celled. Stigmas 2. 33 Tribe 8. Srentat#. Fruit dry, biparted (a cremocarp), rarely fleshy and 2-celled. ~~ — bipartite. Stigmas capitate.—Herbaceous plants, with (spuriously) whorled eaves, XXIII. Rubia.—Corolla 5-parted. Fruit fleshy. 34 XXIV. Galium.—Corolla 4-parted. Fruit ay, IT TRIBE I.—GARDENIACEAE (Gen. 1.-V.) I. BURCHELLIA, R. Brown. Calyx-tube obovate ; limb equally 5-cleft beyond the middle, and drawn out above the ovarium. Corolla clavately funnel-shaped ; the inner surface of the tube glabrous, except a hearded circle near the bottom ; throat naked; lobes imbricated and twisted in sstivation. Stamens 5, inserted in the middle of the tube ; filaments very short ; anthers inclosed. Stigma oblong-clavate, bearing 5 convex crests, and a series of tufts of hairs. Berry sub-globose, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled. Placentas adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds angular, embryo slender. DC. 1. c. 4, p. 368. Endl. Gen. n. 3315. Oxyanthus. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 3 _A shrub with petiolate, ovate, coriaceous leaves, intrapetiolar, cuspidate, deciduous stipulae, and terminal, capitate, sessile, scarlet flowers. Named in honour of William Burchell, the zealous and meritorious investigator of South Africa. 1, B, Capensis (R. Brown in Ker. Bot. Reg. t. 466); leaves on short petioles, ovate, acute, subcordate, entire, downy. Pappe Sylv. cap. p. 18. E. Z. n. 2285. Lonicera bubalina, L. fil. suppl. p. 146. B. Kraussii, Hochst! Flora, 1842, p.237. Zeyh. 2702. Var. 8. parviflora; leaves oval-lanceolate, smoothish, flowers a little smaller. B. parviflora, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 891. E. Z. n. 2286. B. bubalina, Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 2339. Lonicera bubalina, Thunb./ jl. cap. p. 187. - Has. Forests of Swellendam, George, Uitenhage, Albany, Caffraria, and Port Natal. Oct. Nov. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.) A tree 12-14 feet high, called Buffeldoorn. Branches opposite, erect. Leaves about 3-5 inches long, 14-3 inches broad, mostly subcordate at the base, pilose or pubescent beneath ; in var. , usually 2-3 inches long, 1 inch broad and rarely sub- cordate, nearly glabrous or with a few hairs on the middle nerve. Flowers 9-10 lines long, of a deep scarlet colour, adpressed hairy outside, in var. 8. 8-9 lines long, orange-coloured. Limb of the corolla ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute. An- thers pointed, nearly sessile in the upper part, or near the middle of the corolla. Style as long as the corolla. Fruit 4 lines long, shorter than the calyx lobes. Il. OXYANTHUS, DC. Calyz-tube obovate, limb short, acutely 5-toothed. Corolla with a very long tube, a glabrous throat and a 5-parted, regular limb, with oblong and acuminated segments. Stamens 5, rising from the throat of the corolla, free, exserted; anthers acute. Style filiform, clavate at the apex. Fruit baccate, 2-celled. Seeds numerous. Albumen cartila- . ginous. Cotyledons foliaceous. DC.l.¢.p. 374. Endl. gen. n. 3307- Shrubs with elliptic, acuminated, short-petioled leaves, oblong, triangular, decidu- ous stipules, and axillary, racemose-corymbose peduncles. Name from otvs, sharp, and av@os, a flower, in reference to the acute teeth of the calyx and segments of the corolla. Leaves elliptic-oblong or ovate-lanceolate: tube of the corolla < pity Dr ate the leaves nik abs = calor bes, gal” ovy (2) SaaRORes, Leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminate: tube of the corolla 6-8 times shorter than the leaves ... ... -. ss. vss vs «+» (2) Gerrardi. Leaves ovate-cordate, cuspidate. ...0 ... © ee. (see Vee Yiaee wee Krauss (fructifera ). i “i Has. Et a in woods, Port Natal, Krauss. 110. Gueinzius, 432. Cooper, 1227. July. (Herb. Sd., D.) : ice aus Leaves penninerved, in our specimens 7-8 inches long, 3 inches broad, not g Raceme about 16-20-flowered. Calyx 3-3} lines, teeth 14 line long. Tube of the corolla 24 inches, lobes 7-8 lines long, subulate. Fil. short ; anthers exserted. Berry pomiform, 1 inch or more long, glabrous, crowned by the calyx lobes, 2-celled, many- seeded. Seeds ovate, compressed. Very similar to 0. speciosus, DC. 2. 0. Gerrardi (Sond.); branches and calyx glabrous ; leaves elliptic- | - 4 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Stylocoryne. lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire, glabrous, but bearded in the axils of the nerves beneath ; stipules ovate, acuminate, twice longer than the petiole; racemes axillary, corymbose, dense-flowered ; teeth of calyx sub- ulate, shorter than the tube ; tube of corolla 6-8 times shorter than the leaves ; style exserted. Has. Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 1389; Cooper, 1102; Sander. 616. Feb.-Mar. (Hb. D.) A large shrub, sometimes alow tree. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 2-23 inches broad, shining, penninerved, nerves in the axils with a tuft of whitish hairs, Racemes 25-30-flowered, flowers white. Calyx 2 lines long. Tube of corolla 1 inch, the long pointed lobes 4-5 lines long. ‘This comes very near 0. Natalensis, but differs in the short tube of the corolla, : 3. 0. latifolius (Sond.); branches, leaves, and calyx quite glabrous ; leaves ovate-cordate, cuspidate, quite entire ; stipules 3-angular-ovate, acu- minate, twice longer than the petiole; racemes axillary, lax-flowered ; teeth of calyx subulate, about equalling the tube ; tube of corolla one- half shorter than the leaves, style exserted. Has. Umgena, Port Natal, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 718. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) A very handsome shrub or low tree, with fragrant white flowers. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 4-5 inches broad, penninerved, paler on the underside. Flowers as in O. Natalensis, from which it is distinguished by the much broader, subcordate leaves. III. STYLOCORYNE, Cavan. (Richd.) Calyxz-tube ovate-globose ; limb short, tubular, 5-toothed. Corolla salver-shaped, with a cylindrical tube, and a 5-parted limb. Stamens 5, inserted in the mouth of the tube of the corolla; anthers linear, very long. Style exserted ; stigma clavate, undivided, or the lobes are closely consolidated. Berry globose, crowned by the calyx, dry, 2-celled ; placentas spongy, adnate to the dissepiment. Seeds numerous, angular, rugulose. Albwmen rather cartilaginous. Embryo long. Stylocoryne et Cupia, DC. prod. 4, p. 377, 393. Ceriscus Nees ab Esenb. Trees or unarmed shrubs. Leaves opposite, oval or oblong, petiolate. Stipules broad at the base, acuminated atthe apex, 1-nervedinthe middle. Peduncles axillary, corymbose. Name from orvdos, astyle, and xopuyn, a club, in reference to the cla- vate stigma, 1. S. cuspidata (E. Mey.) ; shrubby, unarmed, glabrous ; branches subangular; leaves petiolate, oval-oblong, narrowed to both ends, mem- branous ; corymbs axillary on longish peduncles, trichotomous ; pedicels and calyx adpressed-puberulous, at length glabrous, bracteated; berry globose, 6-8 seeded, shorter than the pedicels. Has. Port Natal, Drege, Gerr. ¢ M‘K. 136, April. (Herb. D., Sd. _ Alarge shrub. Stipules with a 3-lines oe pala ie 6-8 et long, 2-3 inches broad, penninerved and strongly veined, green on both sides, tapering at the base, cuspidate, acuminate at the apex. Petiole 4-1 inch. Peduncles several inches long. Corymb with spreading branches and pedicels. Flowers not developed in Berry about the size of a pea, black, shini bee eas in 8. W Rich, ) ng, the inner structure IV. GARDENIA, Ellis. Calyx tube ovate, often ribbed ; limb tubular, truncate toothed, cleft or parted. Corolla tubulose or subeampanulate, hypocrateriform ; limb Gardenia. } RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 5 twisted in estivation, but afterwards spreading, 5-9 parted. Anthers 5-9, linear, nearly sessile in the naked throat of the corolla, or exser- ted. Style long; stigma clavate, bifid, or bidentate. Ovary 1-celled, half divided by 2—5 incomplete dissepiments. Berry fleshy, crowned by the calyx, imperfectly 2-5 celled. Seeds minute, immersed in fleshy parietal placente. DC. 1. ¢. 4, p. 379. Hndl. Gen. n. 3305. Trees or shrubs unarmed or spinescent, Leaves opposite or rarely in whorls, ovate or oval, Flowers generally white, solitary, axillary, or terminal, sweet scented. Named after Alexander Garden, M.D. of Charlestown, South Carolina, one of the correspondents of Ellis and Linnzeus. 1, Eu-Gardenia. Calyzx-tube ribbed. Corolla tube cylindrical (1) florida. 2. Kumbaga. Calyx-tube not ribbed : limb equally toothed or lobed, rarely truncate. (or. tube cylindr. or campanulate. Corolla-tube bell-shaped, villous (2) globosa. Corolla salver-shaped : EDAYOR ODOVRLO; 60 sc rk ck ess eee aa ee (ete Leaves elliptical-lanceolate : Cor.-tube 2ce as long ascalyx ... ... ... ... «+. (3) citriodora, Cor,-tube 4-times as long as calyx... ... ... ... (4) Gerrardiana, 3. Piringa. Calyx-tube not ribbed ; limb tubular, leafy, cleft down one side. Cor. salver-shaped (6) Thunbergia. 4. Rothmannia. Calyz-tube ribbed or angular. Corolla dila- ed upwards, or nearly funnel-shaped ... ... ... ... «- (7) Rothmannia. 1. G. florida (Linn. spec. 305); shrubby, unarmed, erect ; leaves ellip- tical, acute at both ends ; flowers solitary, almost terminal, sessile ; calycine segments vertical, lanceolate-subulate, equalling the tube of the corolla in length; berry elongated, turbinate, ribbed. Bot. Reg. t. 449. G. jasminoides, Sal. Phil. Trans. 52, t. 20. Jasm. Capense, Mill. t. 180. Has. Cultivated, native of China, Nov. Dec. (Herb. Th., Sd.) Shrub 2-6 feet. Flowers large, white, 5-9-parted, often double. Berry 5-6 angled, 5-6 celled at the base, 1-celled at the apex, orange coloured, size of a pigeon’s egg; the pulp is used for dyeing yellow. 2. G. globosa (Hochst Flora, vol. 25, p. 237); leaves shortly petio- late, lanceolate, quite glabrous ; stipules acute, short ; flowers terminal or subaggregated, subsessile; limb of calyx shortly 5-toothed; tube of corolla campanulate, villous on both surfaces, lobes broadly ovate, acute, spreading; ovary oblong, fruit globose. B. M.t. 4791. Harv. Thes. t. 5. Has. Sea coast, Natal, to 1200 ft. Krauss, 467; Gueinzius, 130, 546. Gerr. § M‘K. 714. J. Sanderson, joo. (Herb. D. Sd.), Aug. Oct. A low tree or shrub, unarmed, glabrous, except in the leaf buds, young leaves, and inflorescence. Leaves 2—4 inches long, about 1 inch broad, acute at each end, or bluntish, glossy, penninerved, nerves reddish. Flowers on veryshort pedicels. Calyx tube 2 lines long, minutely pubescent, limb campanulate with rigid teeth. Corolla white, striated with pink lines (Gerrard), the tube 1 inch long, 4 inch broad, lobes 4lines long. Fruit as large as a walnut. 3. G. citriodora (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 4987) ; leaves petiolate, ellipti- cal-lanceolate, subacuminate, glabrous ; stipules from a broad base subu- late-acuminate ; corymbs axillary, shorter than the leaves; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acuminate ; corolla salver-shaped ; tube twice longer than the calyx, glabrous ; lobes obovate, obtuse ; fruit oval. Mitriostigma axillare, Hochst! 1. ¢. 6 RUBIACEE (Sond.) (Gardenia. Has. Near D’Urban, Natal, Krauss; Gueinzius ; Gerrard, 716. (Herb. D.) A glabrous unarmed shrub several feet high, with green spreading branches. Leaves 2-4 inches long, ?-14 inch broad, acute or bluntish, penninerved. Stipules broad at the base, 3 lines long. Flowers white. Calyx with subulate bracts at the base, turbinate, limb campanulate, lobes ciliate. Tube of corolla } inch, lobes 4~5 lines long. Style exserted, stigma mitreform. Fruit as large as a small cherry. 4, G. Gerrardiana (Sond. & Harv.) ; leaves shortly petiolate, elliptical- lanceolate, acute or subobtuse, glabrous ; stipules short, acute ; flowers terminal, solitary; tube of calyx campanulate, with short, acute, ciliate teeth; corolla salver-shaped, tube cylindrical, nearly 4 times longer than the calyx, lobes obovate, obtuse. Has. Near D’Urban, Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 713. (Herb. D., Sd.) Ultimate branches greyish, very short. Leaves coriaceous, glossy, scarcely paler on the lower surface, and obsoletely penninerved, about 2 inches long, 9 lines broad. Calyx turbinate, minutely bracteolate at the base, 5 lines long, the broad acute teeth 1line long. Cor.-tube 1} inch long, lobes 10 lines long, 4-5 lines broad, minutely downy on both surfaces. Anthers and stigma subexserted. 5. G. Neuberia (E. Z.! 2289); glabrous, spinescent ; branches and spines opposite, divergent ; leaves opposite or pseudo-fasciculate, sub- sessile, obovate, acute, or bluntish, shining above ; stipules very short, acute; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; tube of calyx campanulate, with short, acute, ciliate teeth; corolla salver-shaped, tube clavate, twice longer than the calyx, lobes obovate, obtuse; fruit oval. Hyper- anthus floridus, E. Mey. Has. Woods of the Zuureberge mts. near Enon, and on Grasrugg Uit. F. ¢ Z. Drege. Howisonspoort, Zeyh. 2703. Fl. Nov. Fr. Mart. (Herb. Sd.) Branches greyish-white, terete, the ultimate very short. Spines from 4-1 inch. Leaves numerous on the short branches, tapering into the very short petiole, 1-2 inches long, }~1 inch broad, a little paler and scarcely penninerved beneath. Calyx with 2 very small basal bracts, § lines long, turbinate at base, teeth 1 line long. Flowers uncial, the lobes a little shorter than the tube, minutely downy on both surfaces. Anthers and stigma subexserted. Fruit as large as a cherry, crowned by the cylindrical, 5-toothed calyx. Near G. amena. Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 1904. 6. G. Thunbergia (L. fil. suppl. 162); unarmed, much divided ; leaves elliptic, tapering at both ends, petiolate, veined, glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile; calyx tubular, foliaceous, cleft at one side, with leaf-like appendages ; corolla tubular, salver shaped, lobes 8, obtuse ; fruit ovate. Thunb. diss. Gardenia, n. 3. Bot. Mag. t. 1004. Thunbergia Capensis, Montin. act. Holm. 1773, t. 11. Has. Forests of the Krakakamma and Oliphant’s Hoek, Uitenhage. JZ. Z. 2287. Zeyh. 2704. Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 717. Jan-Feb. (Herb. D., Sond.) Height of trunk, from 8-10 feet ; diameter from 10-12 inches. Bark smooth, greyish white. Wood hard. Leaves 4-6 inches long ; on the flowering branches smaller, and often as broad as long. Flowers large, white, fragrant. Tube of calyx 1 inch, of the corolla 2}-3 inches long ; lobes of corolla 1 inch or more long. An- thers and stigma exserted. Fruit 2-24 inches long, smooth, white, very hard, almost woody, imperfectly 5-celled, many seeded, 7. G. Rothmannia (L. fil. suppl. p. 165); unarmed ; branches angu- lar, rough; leaves on very short petioles, oblong, acute, glabrous ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; calyx cylindrical, ribbed, hairy with- in, 5-cleft, its segments filiform, acute ; corolla with an obconical tube, ~ Randia.]} : RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 7 a campanulate throat, and spreading acute segments; fruit ovate, fleshy, costate, 2-valved, 2-celled, many seeded. Thunb. diss. Gd.n. 6. Bot. M. t.690. H. Z,2288. Rothmannia Capensis, Th, act. Holm.t776, p.65,f. 2. Has. Woods, Swellendam, George, Uitenhage ; Natal. Jan.—Feb. (Hb. D., Sd.) Tree ; stem 15~30 feet high. Wood very hard. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, coriaceous, veiny. Flowers white, spotted with red, sweet scented, calyx 1 inch and more, the corolla 3 inches long. Fruit nearly 14 inch in diameter. V. RANDIA, Linn. Calyx-tube obovate, limb 5-lobed. Corolla funnel-shaped, with a short tube; limb 5-parted, twisted in estivation. Anthers sessile within the tube of the corolla, included. Stigmas 2, thick. Berry nearly dry, crowned by the calyx, corticate, 2-celled. Seeds many in each cell, fixed to a central placenta, wingless, imbedded in the pulp, or imbrica- ted downwards. Albumen cartilaginous. Hmbryo straight, with a terete radicle, and orbicular flat cotyledons. DOC. 1. c. 4, p. 384. Endl. Gen. N. 3304, Much branched small trees or shrubs, with axillary opposite or subverticillate thorns. Leaves sessile or subsessile. Flowers almost sessile ; usually solitary, rising from the axils of the leaves. Named after Isaac Rand, once a demonstrator of botany at the Chelsea botanic garden. Peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than calyx ; anth. linear, acute ... (1) rudis. Pedune. 2-3 fi, longer than calyx; anth. oblong ... ... ...... (2) Kraussii. 1. RB. rudis (E. Meyer); unarmed, young branches minutely downy ; leaves fasciculate, obovate, suborbicular or elliptic, obtuse or subacute, cuneate at the base, glabrous or minutely downy beneath, on very short petioles ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, shorter than the calyx ; tube of calyx obconical, lobes obovate, obtuse ; corolla funnel-shaped, limb erect, spreading with oblong flat lobes; anthers linear, acute ; fruit sub-globose, 10-ribbed. Harv. Thes. t. 34. Heinsia Capensis, Buek in herb. Ecklon. Gardenia microcarpa, Hochst. in pl. Krauss. Var. a. Calyx glabrous. Var, y. Calyx setulose or scabrous. R. parvifolia, Harv. Thes. t. 35. Has. Mts. near Enon, near Grahamstown, Karregarivier, and between Hoff- mann’s KI. and Driefontein, Drege, Zeyh. 2710, H. Hutton, E.G Z. Var. 8. Natal, Krauss, 314,347. Gueinzius, 117, 555. J. Sanderson, 266, 199. Sept. (Herb. D., Sd.) A rigid shrub, with erect, spreading, greyish branches. Stipules on the young twigs broadly ovate. Leaves 3-1 inch long, when young often minutely downy. Peduncles very short. Calyx 2 lines long, tube about as long as the spathulate, obtuse, or mucronulate lobes. Corolla $ inch long. Fruit the size of a pea, black. I cannot regard Var. y. as a distinct species, the leaves being often larger than in Var. a. In many specimens collected by Ecklon and Zeyher, the calyx lobes are evidently mucronulate and not quite glabrous. 2. R. Kraussii, (Harv. Thes. t. 33.); unarmed or rarely spinous ; young branches minutely downy ; leaves obovate or elliptic-obtuse, cuneate at the base, glabrous, netted beneath, on very short petioles ; peduneles axillary, 2-3 flowered, pedicels longer than the calyx ; tube of calyx ovate, glabrous, lobes obovate, obtuse ; corolla minutely downy, tube very short, lobes broadly obovate, obtuse, undulate ; anthers oblong ; fruit globose. Randia Lachnosiphonium, Hochst, Flora, 1842, 237- Lachnosiphonium obovatum, Hochst. ! l. c. p. 238. 8 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [ Hedyotis. Has. Natal, Krauss. 129. Sanderson, 200. Gueinzius, 120; Gerr. § M‘K. 864. (Herb. Sd., D.) A shrub 8-12 feet high. Axillary spines }-1 inch long. Leaves 1}-2 inches long, 1 inch or more in width, tapering into a short petiole, glabrous or nearly so. Stipules short, acute, very broad at the base. Pedicels 6-8 lines long. Tube of calyx 3 lines, the veined limb 2 lines long. Corolla white, tube shorter than the calyx, with a hairy ring in the throat, segments patent, 6-8 lines in diameter. Stigma bifid. Fruit when dry very hard, the size of a small walnut, crowned by the limb of the calyx. TRIBE Il.—HEDYOTIDEE (Gen. VI.) VI. HEDYOTIS, Lam, Calyz-tube ovate or subglobose, limb 4-, rarely 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, limb 4-, rarely 5-lobed, throat villous or glabrous. Stamens ex- serted a little, or sessile within the tube. Stigma simple or bifid. Cap- sule subglobose, membranous, crowned with the distant calycine lobes, 2-celled, dehiscing at the summit. Seeds very numerous, minute, affixed to a subglobose placenta. Wgyht. et Arn. Prodr. Fl. penins. Ind, or. 1, 407. Small herbaceous plants with opposite leaves, setulose stipules, and axillary or ter- minal, 1-2 or many-flowered, corymbose or somewhat spiked, often long peduncles. Name from f5us, sweet, ovs, an ear ; the leaves are oval, soft, and firm, and have been compared to ears. . Leaves suborbicular or spathulate ... ... ... ... ... ... (18) tenella, Leaves small (ovate, lanceolate, linear.) : a, Corolla with short tube and 4-cleft limb : Flowers densely corymbose ... ... ... ... «.. (4) chlorophylla, Flowers capitate ... 0... 0... iprteae (2) cephalotes, Fl. cymose; perennial ; stem and lvs. pubescent ; in fl. glabrous Sk Wee” ae (3) Gerrardi, Pedicels axillary, 1-2 flowered. Annual, pedicels 3 times longer than the calyx (5) scabrida. Annual, pedicels as long or shorter than the calyx, leaves six lineslong ... ... .... (4) Capensis, Suffruticose, pedicels geminate ; lvs, 14 inch long (6) geminifiora, b, Corolla with a long terete tube and 4-lobed limb : 1, Flowers terminal, umbellate ... ... .... .... (12) Amatymbica. 2, Flowers terminal, tufted or densely panicled : Fruit papillose-scabrous .. Sarees ee pepe vey salle ag. SO Seen a es ee 3, Flowers axillary, or loosely panicled, fruit smooth. (11) thymifolia, (16) Natalensis. Annual, scabrous; leaves linear-lanceolate ... (9) brachyloba. Annual, glabrous, or nearly so : _ Lys. lance-linear, flat... .. ¢. (8) Heynei. Lys. narrow-linear, with revolute margins (10) stricta. Lys. ovate-subcordate, flat ... ... ... (14) rupicola, Perennial ; leaves glabrous, lanceolate (1 inch) (13) decumbens, Perennial ; lvs. hairy-scabrous, ovate ... ... (15) Suffruticose ; leaves with a recurved mucro.,. (7) setifera. ¢, Corolla '§-lohed |. cis vi an a ae ee POR a, Oldenlandia; corolla with a short tube and a 4-cleft limb. (Sp. 1-6.) ' 1, HL. chlorophylla (Hochst. in Flora, 1844); suffruticose, erect, stem terete or subangular, smooth or a little scabrous; leaves lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 5-nerved, yellowish-green, subscabrous ; stipules on both sides of 5 or 7 bristles ; flowers aggregated in a terminal dense co- rymb,; calyx 4-fid, lobes subulate, recurved at the apex; corolla equal- ling the calyx, throat hairy, Pail Hedyotis. | RUBIACE (Sond.) : Has. Between Natalbai and Umlaas River, and on the Table Mts. Nov.—Dec Krauss, 39, 53. J. Sanderson, 399. Gueinzius, 125. G.G MK. 1579, pte. (Hb.S8d.,D. Stem 1 foot or higher, simple or a few branched. Leaves sessile, 14-2 inches long 6-9 lines broad, the upper more distant and smaller. Corymb many flowered, 1 0 2 inches in diameter. Pedicels with subulate bracts, as long as or shorter than th: calyx. Tube of the calyx 1 line long, equalling the lobes, Fruit unknown. 2. H. cephalotes (Hochst.! 1. ¢.); herbaceous, ascending, quite gla- brous and smooth ; stem nearly terete, branched ; leaves small, ovato- lanceolate, 3-nerved, with revolute margins; stipules bifid, ciliate ; Jlowers terminal, capitate ; calyx 4-fid, lobes mucronate, as long as the hispid tubes; corolla equalling the calyx; capsule subglobose, pilose. Has. D’Urban, Natal, Krauss, 111 ; J. Sanderson, 321 ; Gerr. ¢ M‘K, 588, 589. Nov. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) Habit of Epilobium. Root creeping. Stem 1-2 feet. Leaves acute at both ends, 8-10 lines long, 2-3 lines broad. Capitulum as large as a small hazel nut, Calyx 1 line long ; tube as long as the teeth. 3. H. Gerrardi (Sond.); perennial; stems erect, as well as the leaves scabrous, with short spreading hairs ; leaves linear, mucronate, with revolute margins; stipules of many bristles; flowers disposed in a cymose panicle ; peduncle, pedicels, and flowers glabrous ; calyx-lobes ovato-lanceolate, equalling the tube of the shortly tubulose corolla ; style as long as the corolla; anthers linear-oblong. Has. Zulu, Natal, W. T. Gerrard, April; Gerr, & M‘K. 1366. (Herb. D., Sd.) Stem very leafy, from minute branchlets in the axils of the leaves, 3-4 inches high. Leaves 8-10 lines long, 1 line broad. The upper or flower-bearing part of about the same length as the leafy stem, but not hairy. Panicle erect. Pedicels unequal, 1-4 lines long. Calyx 1 line long; tube subglobose, a little shorter than the acuminate lobes. Corolla 4-fid; lobes short, acute. Stamens inserted in the middle of the tube. Style glabrous. Fruit unknown. 4. H. Capensis (Lam. ill. n. 1425); annual; stem angular, much branched, decumbent, scabrous, hairy, or villous ; leaves linear, acute, with revolute margins ; stipules on both sides, with 2 or 3 sete; pedi- cels axillary, numerous, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, and as long or shorter than the calyx; calyx 4-, rarely 5-fid, lobes subulate, ciliated, nearly as long as the tube ; corolla a little longer than the calyx; throat villous ; fruit glabrous. Oldenlandia Capensis, Thunb. ! fl. cap. p. 147. Has. Sandy places near Koopmansrivier, Thumb. ; on the Witrivier, near Enon, Drege, 7659 ; Campground, Sir C. Bunbury; Paarl. Dee.-Feb. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.) Branches 4-6 inches long, diffuse. Leaves about 6 lines long, hairy, sometimes subglabrous. Pedicels shorter or as long as the calyx. Corolla white. Stigma cla- vate. (Thunb.) Capsule 1 line long, subglobose. 5. H. scabrida (Sond.); annual; stem quadrangular, branched, sub- erect, scabrous on the angles ; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute, subglabrous ; stipules on both sides with 3 or 4 sete ; pedicels axillary, solitary or subaggregated, 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves, but 3 times longer than the calyx ; calyx 4-fid, lobes subulate, subciliated, nearly as long as the tube ; corolla a little longer than the calyx, throat hairy ; fruit glabrous, Oldenlandia scabrida, DC. prodr. 4, p. 425. Kohautua Dregeana, Presl. in herb. Drege ? (imperfect specimen. ) 10 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Hedyotis Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius,123. (Herb. Sond.) Very nearly allied to the preceding, but easily distinguished by the lax habit, longer branches, glabrous, somewhat longer and broader leaves (8-10 lines long, 14-2 lines broad), and the pedicels. The flower and fruit are not different. Stigma bitid. 6. H. geminiflora (Sond. in Linn. xxiii. p. 51); suffruticose, stem and branches angular, scabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, some- what scabrous, with revolute margins ; stipules membranous, with 4-6 sete ; pedicels axillary, in pairs, 1-flowered, in fruit deflexed, about as long as the calyx ; lobes of the calyx subulate, a little longer than the tube, scabrous ; corolla equalling the calyx ; fruit glabrous. Has. Grassy places on the Magalisberg, Nov. Zeyh. 756. (Herb. Sd., D.) A foot and more high, much branched. Leaves 14 inch long, 14-2 lines wide. Pedicles scabrous, 2 lines long. Calyx 4-fid. Lobes of the corolla nearly as long as the tube. Capsule subglobose. b. Kohautia. Corolla with a long terete tube, and a 4-lobed limb. (Sp. 7-16.) 7. H. setifera (Sond.) ; suffruticose, erect, terete, branched ; branches subcompressed or rib-furrowed, puberous, or a little scabrous; leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, cuspidately mucro- nate, mucro recurved, glabrous ; stipules cleft into 6 spreading bristles on both sides, which are longer than the membrane; corymbs few- flowered, laxly panicled; pedicels erect, in fruit 2-4 times longer than the calyx; lobes of the calyx a little longer than the tube, smooth ; tube of the corolla elongate, terete, with short, oval lobes ; fruit glabrous. Oldenlandia Caffra, E.Z.! 2291. Kohautia setifera, DC. l.c. 4.p. 430. Var. 8. pubescens, leaves and the lower part of the stem pubescent. Hap. Stony places near the Zwartkopsrivier, L. § Z.; Zeyh. 2705; Natal, J. San- derson, 400, 138, 270, T. Williamson, var. 8. near D’Urban. Gerr. & M‘K. 582. Oct. (Herb. D., Sd.) Stem 4-1 foot high, with erect-spreading branches. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 1-2 lines broad, Pedicels rarely solitary, mostly geminate, or 3-4 aggregated in the up- per part of the branches, unequal, glabrous. Calyx 1 line long, with subulate teeth. Corolla nearly 3 lines long. Capsule globose, smooth. 8. H. Heynei (R. Br. in Wall. cat. 867); annual or biennial, quite glabrous ; stem erect, branched; leaves lance-linear, acute; stipules of 2 or 3 very short bristles; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, capillary, about _as long as the leaves ; corolla funnel-shaped; tube 3-4 times longer than the calycine lobes; styles subexserted, a little longer than the anthers ; capsule subglobose. Wght. ¢ Arn. Prod. p. 416. Has. Zulu, Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1365. (Herb. D., Sd.) About 1 foot high; branches erect, spreading. Leaves 6-8 lines long, } line broad. Stipules cupular, with minute bristles. Pedicels spreading. Flowers white, 2 lines long. Limb of corolla 3 times shorter than the tube. Anthers oblong, sessile in the throat. Capsule 1 line long. The leaves are somewhat narrower than in East Indian specimens collected by Dr. Hooker and Thompson, but there are no other differences. 9, H. brachyloba (Sond. in Linn. vol xxiii. p. 50) ; annual, scab- vous, branches subcompressed ; leaves dinear-lanceolate, with subrevo- lute margins; stipules cleft into 3~4 bristles on both sides, which are shorter than the membrane; panicle lax, dichotomous ; flowers sessile Hedyotis. | RUBIACE& (Sond.) 11 and pedicellate ; teeth of the calyx twice shorter than the tube ; corolla with very long tube and linear-oblong lobes ; fruit smooth. Has. Komseep, near Springbokkeel. Feb, Zeyh. 761. (Herb. Sd.,D.) A span high, beset with minute tubercles. Root longish, simple. Leaves 1 inch long, 2 lines broad, 1-nerved. Panicle subcorymbose, 3-4 inches long. Flowers geminate, one sessile or nearly so, the other on a 2-4 lines long pedicel. Bracteoles minute, Corolla 5-6 lines long ; the lobes 1 line long, } line broad. Capsule glo- bose, crowned by the minute calyx-teeth, 1 line long. 10. H. stricta (Smith, Rees’s Cyclop. vol. 17, no. 21); annual, smooth or a little tubercled; branches erect, subcompressed ; leaves narrow- linear, with revolute margins; stipules joined to the petioles by a very narrow margin, furnished each with 2 short bristles; flowers trichoto- mously corymbose; pedicels unequal; teeth of the calyx shorter than the tube; corolla with very long tube and oblong lobes, fruit smooth. Kohautia stricta, DC. 1. ¢. p. 430. K. thymifolia, LE. Mey. in Hb. Drege. b. non a. Has. Winterveld and Nieuweveld, Drege. ; Taba Uncha, Gamkariver, Springbok- keel, Zeyh. 759, 760. Namaqualand, 4. Wyley, DecJan. (Herb. D., Sd.) ery nearly allied to H. brachyloba, but differs in the more straight habit, narrower leaves (1 inch long, 4 line broad), which are quite smooth and glabrous, somewhat larger flowers and fruit. The cyme or corymbose panicle is about 1 inch long. Calyx 1 line, the tube of corolla 6 lines, the lobes 2 lines long. Capsule 1 lines long. 11. H. thymifolia (Presl.! Bot. Bemerk. p. 85) ; suffruticose, scabrous; branches erect, quadrangular; leaves linear, acute, with revolute mar- gins; bristles of stipules 2, setaceous; panicle 2-3-chotomous, many- flowered ; flowers sessile and pedicellate; teeth of the calyx as long as the tube; corolla with a very long tube and oblong lobes; fruit subglo- bose, papillate-scabrous. H. thymifolia, B. Mey. in Herb. Dr. a, c. non, 6. Has. On the Zwartkops. and the Garip, Drege; Vaalriver and Taba Uncha, Zeyh. 757; Namaqualand, A. Wyley, Rev. H. Whitehead. Sept.—Dec. (Herb, Sd., D.) 1~14 foot high; stem, branches, leaves, pedicels, and calyx scabrous from minute, acute tubercles. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 1 line broad. Bristles of the stipules as long or longer than the membrane. Pedicels 3-4 times longer than the fruit. Corolla 7-8 lines long. Capsule the size of a small pea, crowned by the subulate calyx-lobes. 12, H. Amatymbica (Hochst. in pl. Krauss.); perennial, glabrous, glaucescent ; stem erect, much compressed, simple or branched ; leaves narrow linear, cuspidate, canaliculate above ; bristles of stipules 3, setaceous; flowers terminal, wmbellate ; teeth of the calyx as long as the tube ; corolla with a very long tube and oblong lobes; fruit subglobose, smooth. Kohautia Amatymbica, LE. & Z.!2292. K.7657. Hb. Drege. Has. Katriviers and Winterberg, Keyrivier, Caffraria ; Zwartehoogdens, Albany, E. & Z. Zeyh. 758, Col. Bolton, Zuurebergen, Drege; Port Natal, Gueinzius, 35. J. Sanderson, 245. Magalisberg, Burke § Zeyh. Apl. Jul. Oct. (Herb. Sd., D.) Root ndicular. Stem 1-14 foot. Leaves 14-3 inches long, 1 line broad. Umbel 6-10-flowered. Calyx about 2 lines long, the teeth subulate. Tube of the corolla 1 inch, lobes 3-4 lines long. Capsule as large as a pea, didymous, crowned with the 4, rarely 5, rather shorter calyx-teeth. 13. H. decumbens (Hochst.! 1. c. p. 67); perennial, glabrous; stem decumbent, hexagonal ; branches erect, dichotomous ; leaves lanceolate, 12 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Zedyotis. acute at the base, scabrous, hairy above; stipules joining the petioles, truncate, ciliate ; peduncles solitary, axillary and terminal, 1-flowered, often trifid, pedicels 4—5 times, tube of the corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, expanded at the throat; lobes acute; fruit globose, smooth. Kohautia longiflora, E. Mey. non DC. Has. Natal, Drege, Krauss, 305. Gueinzius, 470. R. W. Plant, 64. Gerr.g M‘K, 583. Jul. (Herb. D., Sd.) Branches 4—1 foot or longer. Leaves about 1 inch long, 3-4 lines broad, adpressed- hairy, sometimes glabrous above, ciliated at the base; upper ones smaller, bract like. Peduncles longer than the leaves, 3-1 inch long, the pedicels spreading, about twice shorter. Corolla 2 lines long, glabrous in the throat, the 4 lobes acute, anthers sub- exserted. Capsule crowned with the short calyx-teeth. 14, H. rupicola (Sond.); annual, glabrous; stems ascending ; leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, subcordate, acute, a little scabrous above ; stipules of many bristles ; cymes corymbose, terminal, few-flowered ; pedicels short ; calyx scabrous ; lobes ovate, acute, 4 times shorter than the corolla; style subexserted. Has. Rocky places, Tagoma, Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1364. Feb. (Herb. D.) A small herb, about a span high, with the habit of 1. (Lucya ) tuberosa, Linn, Leaves 5-6 lines long, 4 lines broad, more or less cordate at base ; the margins revolute. Cymes 9-12-fl. Corolla white, 4 lines long; the lobes oblong; the throat hairy. Anthers inclosed. Style bifid at the apex. Capsule nearly 14 line long, crowned by the calyx-lobes. Seeds black, punctate. 15. H. hirtula (Harv.); perennial? decumbent or prostrate, closely much-branched ; leaves ovate, acute, cuneate at base, petiolate, flat, roughly hispid with short, swollen hairs; stipules with 2-4 sete; pedicels axillary, very short; calyx-lobes ovate, hispid, equalling the tube ; corolla-tube 2-3 times as long as the calyx, lobes oblong, hispid on both sides ; fruit hispid. : Has. On trees, Krauss Kloof, J. Sanderson, 605. (Herb. D.) A small plant, 3-4 inches long, with the aspect of 7. ternervia, but rough with white, swollen, papilleform hairs. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 2-3 wide; petiole 1~1} line long. Pedicels 1-1} line long. Corolla-tube 3-4 lines long. FI. white. 16. H. Natalensis (Hochst. 1. c. p. 67); perennial? stem erect, tetra- gonal, few-branched, pubescent; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, scabrous above, pubescent, at length glabrous beneath ; stipules with 2 short deciduous bristles; flowers terminal, fasciculate; pedicels much shorter, tube of the corolla 3 times longer than the calyx, lobes ovate ; fruit ovato-globose, smooth. Crusea ? acuminata, HE. Mey. Between Morley and Omtata, and near Port Natal, Drege, Krauss., Cooper, 1083 ; Kreilis Country, Caffraria, H. Bowker. Feb.-Apl. (Herb. D., Sd.) More than a foot high. Leaves about 14-2 inches long, 5-6 lines broad. Three flowers aggregated at the top of the terminal branchlets. Calyx with glabrous oval tube 1 line long, terminated by the 3 times longer, linear, rigid-ciliate teeth. Corolla a little hairy, swollen at the throat, Stamens subexserted. Capsule the size of a pea. Seeds angular, punctate. ¢. Pentodon; flowers pentamerous. (Sp. 17.) 17, H. pentamera (Hochst.!); quite glabrous, stem decumbent or creeping, tetragonal, dichotomously branched ; leaves ovato-lanceolate, Vangueria. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 13 acute ; stipules with 1 or 2 bifid bristles; flowers axillary, racemose, pedicels geminate, in fruit deflexed, 4-5 times longer than the shortly toothed calyx ; corolla funnel-shaped, hairy inside, lobes acute ; fruit ovato-globose, smooth. Pentodon decumbens, Hochst. l. c. p. 67. Has. Natal, Drege, 4887; Krauss, 332, J. Sanderson ; Guienzius, 471; Ger. ¢ M‘K. (Herb. D., Sd.) Stem 1 or 2 feet long. Leaves 14-2 inches long, } inch broad, acute at both ends. Racemes simple, 5—10-flowered, or compound 12-16-flowered, on a peduncle as long or longer than the leaf. Pedicels with a minute bract. Calyx 1 line long, the teeth equalling the tube. Corolla 4 lines long, white ? limb ovate. Capsule truncate, didy- mous, crowned by very short calyx teeth. Doubtful species. H. tenella (Hochst. 1. c. p. 68); glabrous, stem delicate, branched ; leaves spathulate, suborbicular; stipules with many bristles; peduncles axillary and terminal, 2-3-flowered ; tube of the corolla nearly twice longer than the 4-cleft calyx, lobes ovate-elliptic, obtuse ; capsule ovate, crowned with the triangular-ovate, recurved, spreading calyx-lobes, Has. Table Mountains, near Port Natal. Dec. Dr. Krauss. TRIBE IIJ._GUETTARDACEAE (Gen. VII.) VII. VANGUERIA, Comm. Calyz-tube short, obovate or hemispherical ; limb spreading, 5, rarely 4-toothed or parted. Corolla campanulate, 5, rarely 4-cleft, hairy inside, lobes lanceolate, acute, reflexed. Stamens 5, or 4, with very short filaments, and scarcely exserted, oblong acute anthers. Stigma capitate, cylindrical, thick, or truncate at both ends, obtuse or toothed. Drupe pomiform, when ripe not crowned with the calyx lobes, but marked by a sinuated areola atthe summit, containing 5, or by abortion 4-2 bony, 1-seeded nuts, which are obtuse at the base and acute at the apex. Seed aftixed to the middle of the inner angle of the cell, oblong. Albu- men fleshy. Embryo large, inverted. DC. 1. c¢. 4, p. 454. Endl. gen. n. 3191. Pachystigma, Hochst. Regenst. bot. Zeit, 1842, p.234. Lagynias, E. Mey. in herb. Drege. : Shrubs or small trees with ovate or oblong leaves, acute or lanceolate stipules, and cymose or somewhat panicled white or reddish flowers. Name Voa Vanguer, the Madagascar name of V. edulis. Calyx 5-toothed, teeth about as long as the tube. Leaves reticulated-veined ; stigma obtuse ... ... ... ... (1) infausta, Leaves not retic.-veined ; stigma 4-5-toothed ... ... ... (2) parviflora. Calyx 4-5-lobed, lobes 2-4 times longer than the tube. T pave todenime = coe. “eee es as one. ee ves | sew. (3) SRROPOORLE, Leaves glabrous. Corolla glabrous. Leaves obovate or obovate-lanceolate ; cymesfew-flowered (4) venosa. Leaves suborbicular or broad ovate; peduncle 3-flowered (6) latifolia. Leaves oblong-lanceolate-acuminate ; flowers cymose ... (7) Zeyheri. COMMMNN IONINE RATES: 256s. oie se tes sk steve ee (5) lnsiantha, 1, V. infausta (Burch. Trav. IT. p. 258 et 259, ¢. icon.) ; leaves shortly petiolate, ovate or suborbicular, acute or subacuminate, tomentose, netted- veined ; cymes axillary, panicled ; calyx-teeth tomentose, bluntish, 4 14 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Vangueria. times shorter than the corolla; stigma obtuse. Sond. Linn. vol. 23, p. 57. V. tomentosa, Hochst! Regenst. bot. Zeitg. 1842, p. 238. Var. §. virescens, leaves green, glabrous or nearly so. Has. Forests in Caffraria, H. Bowker ; Natal, Krauss, 219. J. Sanderson, 306. T. Williamson, Drege, Gueinzius, 56. Vaalriver and Magalisberg, Zeyher, 764. Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.) A tree about 10 feet high, unarmed, with terete and subcompressed, opposite branches. Leaves quite entire, densely clothed with a yellowish tomentum, penni- nerved, 4-5 inches long, 3-4 inches broad. Stipuleslarge, cuspidate. Cymes shorter than the leaves, tomentose. Calyx subsessile ; the teeth acute or bluntish, shorter than the tube. Corolla tomentose, 3 lines long, the lobes glabrous above. Ovary 5-celled, style filiform, equalling the stamens; stigma obtuse. Fruit round, glabrous, an inch in diameter, edible. The variety is nearly allied to V. edulis, Vahl. This is the ‘‘ Wild Medlar” of the colonists. 2. V. parvifolia (Sond. 1. c. p. 58) ; young branches reddish, as well as the leaves and flowers velvetty-tomentose ; leaves subsessile, orbicu- lar, subacute, penninerved, not netted-veined ; cymes axillary, sessile; calyx-teeth acute, 4-times shorter than the corolla; ovary 5-celled, stigma 4—5-toothed. Has. Magalisberg, Nov. Dec. Burke § Zeyher, 765. (Herb. D., Sd.) Shrub with spreading terete branches. Leaves 12-14 lines long, 12 lines broad, coriaceous. Cymes shorter than the leaves. Tube of calyx as long as the limb. Corolla 24 lines long ; the lobes glabrous above. Style equalling the stamens; stigma thick, cylindrical, a little larger at the minutely toothed apex. Fruit (half ripe) as large as a small cherry, crowned by the rudiments of calyx teeth. 3. V. macrocalyx (Sond. 1 c. p. 59); young branches, leaves, and flowers tomentose ; leaves shortly petiolate, ovate, acute, at length sub- glabrous ; cymes axillary, subsessile, few-flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx teeth linear-oblong, obtuse, as long as the corolla; throat of the corolla naked or nearly so; ovary 5-celled ; stigma obtuse. Has. On the Zwartkopsrivier and Winterhoeksberge, Uit., Z. ¢ Z., Ebenac, 17; Kreili’s country, H. Bowker ; Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1344. Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.) A shrub, 6-8 feet high. Leaves 13-2 inches long ; quite entire or subdenticu- late ; the petiole 1-2 lines long. Peduncles bracteolate. Calyx tube 1 line long, the lobes 3 lines long, 1 line broad. Corolla 2} lines long, the tube nearly glabrous outwards, but silky near the base within, the throat quite glabrous, or with a few hairs; lobes glabrous above, acute. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma asin V. infausta. The ripe fruit as large as a common plum, 3-4 seeded, delicious eating. (W.7.Gerrard). 4. V, venosa (Sond.); leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or obovate- lanceolate, obtuse, or subacute, pale and much veined beneath, as well as the branches quite glabrous; cymes shortly pedunculate, few flowered ; calyx lobes linear, obtuse ; corolla glabrous outside. Pachystigma veno- sum, Hochst.l.c. Lagynvas discolor, H. Meyer. Has. Port Natal, Krauss, 131. Gueinzius, 553. (Herb. D., Sd.) Branches alternate and opposite, terete. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 8-10 lines broad, tapering into the petiole, green above, whitish and netted-veined beneath. Cymes shorter than the leaves ; peduncles and pedicels bracteate, hairy. Calyx lobes 3 lines long. Corolla 3-4 lines long, lobes acuminate. Fruit nearly 1 inch in diameter, globose, glabrous, with 5, or by abortion with 4 one-seeded nuts. Seed oblong, curved, ¢ to a central placenta, 5. V. lasiantha (Sond.); leaves petiolate, oblong or ovate-oblong, Alberta.] RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 15 subacute, discoloured, green and pellucid-veined above, greyish-white beneath, glabrous, the young ones hairy on the nerves ; cymes shortly pedunculate, branches divaricate, many-flowered ; calyx-lobes linear- spathulate, obtuse ; corolla appressed-hairy. Pachystigma lasianthum, Sond. Linnea, Vol. 23, p. 55. Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 119, 549. J. Sanderson, 520, 658. Gerr. § M‘K. 851. Dec. (Herb. Sond., D.) Very nearly allied to V. venosa, but differs by larger, ovate, or oblong leaves on longer petioles, many-flowered divaricate inflorescence, spathulate calyx-lobes and hairy corolla. Leaves 2 inches long, about 1 inch wide; petiole 3-4 lines long. Cymes 12-14 flowered, 1 inch long. Calyx lobes 24 lines long, } line broad. Coro 43 lines long, glabrous in the throat, but with reversed hairs in the tube; lobes lanceolate-acuminate. Ovary 5-celled. Stigma thick, truncate at both ends. 6. V. latifolia (Sond.); leaves shortly petiolate, suborbicular or broad ovate, discoloured, pale and netted-veined beneath, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, 3-flowered, bibracteate, glabrous ; calyx glabrous or subpilose, lobeslanceolate ; corollaglabrousoutside. Pachyst.latifolium, Sd. l.c.p. 56. Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 115. T. Williamson, (Herb. Sond., D.) Branches glabrous, terete or subcompressed. Leaves quite entire, 2 inches long, 1} inch wide, the petiole 1 line long. Stipules as in V. venosa and V. lasiantha. Peduncle 6 lines long, at the summit with 3 flowers on very short pedicels. Bracts ovate. Corolla n as in V. venosa. : , 7. V. Zeyheri (Sond.) ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base, quite glabrous, green, with prominent nerves and veins on both sides ; cymes axillary, shorter than the leaves, glabrous as well as the flowers; calyx lobes lanceolate; corolla glabrous outside. Pachy- stigma Zeyhert, Sond. l. c. Has. Stony places in woods, Magalisberg. Nov. Zeyher, 766. (Herb. Sd., D.) Shrub with opposite, glabrous branches. Stipules broad, cuspidate, about 2 lines long. Leaves quite entire, coriaceous, 4-5 inches long, 12-14 lines broad, tapering into a petiole 3-6 lineslong. Cymes opposite, 2 inches, the primary peduncle 1 inch long; the pedicels bracteolate. Calyx 3 lines long; tube hemispherical, lobes twice longer. Corolla 4 lines long, with a series of silky hairs in the tube ; the throat and lobes glabrous. Ovary 5-celled, by abortion 2~3-celled. Style filiform; stigma truncate at both ends. Drupe (unripe) ellipsoidal, glabrous, crowned with the vestiges of the calyx-lobes. . ; TRIBE IV.—ALBERTIEE (Gen. VIIL) VII. ALBERTA, E. Meyer. Calyx-tube turbinate, 10-ribbed; limb 5-fid, 3 lobes short, acute, 2 oblong, obtuse, in fruit much larger. Corolla elongated, tubular, incur- ved; throat naked; limb 5-fid, with very short, erect, imbricate, acute lobes. Stamens 5, included ; anthers sessile. Ovary 2-celled; ovules solitary. Style filiform, exserted; stigma attenuated, very shortly bifid. Fruit dry, ovate-oblong, 10-ribbed and furrowed, crowned with the 2 opposite, foliaceous, dilated, membranaceous, reticulate-veined, coloured calyx lobes, 2-celled; cells 1-seeded. Seeds oblong, convex at back, flat in front. Albumen fleshy. Endl. gen. n. 3327. A shrub or small tree with subsessile, oblong, obtuse, coriaceous, glabrous, glossy leaves, cuplike aristate stipules, terminal panicle, with cymose branches and pur- plish, silky pubescent corollas. It is named in honour of Albertus Magnus, of the 16 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Canthiwm. house of Bolstadt, a famous philosopher and theologian of the thirteenth century, who wrote a treatise in seven books ‘* De Vegetabilibus et Plantis.” 1, A. magna (E. Mey. in Herb. Dreg.) Harv. Thes. Cap. p. 29, t. 45. Has. On hills between Omsamcabe and Omsamculo, 1000-2000 feet, Drege ; Port Natal, Gerrard & M‘Ken, No. 1358, Jan.—Feb. (Herb. Sd., D.) Young branches reddish brown, glabrous. Leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or elliptical-oblong, 4-5 inches long, 13-2 inches broad, flat, with recurved margins, penninerved. Panicle large. Pedicels pubescent, bracteate at the base. Calyx shortly tomentose. Corolla 1 inch long, the segments obliquely ovate, acute. Sta- mens inserted in the middle of the tube. Fruit oval, nearly 3 lines long, its scarlet, winglike, larger, much veined lobes, 10-12 lines long, 2-3 lines broad. TRIBE V.—COFFEACEZ (Gen. IX.-XIV.) IX. CANTHIUM, Lam. Calyx-tube ovate, limb short, 4—5 toothed. Corolla with a short tube, a bearded throat, and 4-5 spreading lobes, with valvate estivation. Anthers 4-5 in the throat, scarcely exserted. Style filiform, exserted, Stigma undivided, thick, ovato-globose, or mitre-formed. Berry glo- bose, or didymous, crowned with the calyx teeth, fleshy, 2-celled, Seeds solitary in each cell. Albumen fleshy. DC. J. ¢. 4, p. 473. Shrubs with spinous or unarmed branches. Leaves opposite, coriaceous. Stipules solitary. Peduncles axillary, short, many-flowered. Canti is the Malabar name of one of the species. 1, C. Gueinzii (Sond. Linnea, vol. 23, 1, p. 54); unarmed, branch- lets pubescent ; leaves shortly petiolate, oblong, cuspidate-acuminate, sub- cordate, netted-veined, veins pellucid, glabrous, shining above, a little hairy on the nerves beneath ; cymes pedunculate, bifid, many-flowered, 4-times shorter than the leaves; peduncles, pedicels as well as the 5-toothed calyx pubescent ; corolla glabrous outside, lobes revolute, as long as the tube ; style exserted, stigma mitre-formed. Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 71, 576. Gerr. & M‘K. 709. (Herb. Sd., D.) Stipules broad, cuspidate-acuminate, hairy. Leaves reddish, 3}-4 inches long, 14-14 inch broad ; the petiole 2 lines long. Peduncle of the cyme half an inch; the pedicels bracteolate. Calyx about 1 line long, with very short, teeth. Corolla 2% lines long; throat and tube bearded within ; lobes acute, revolute, as long as the tube. Distinguished from the similar Canth. Cornelia, Cham. and Schl. ( Pavetta Cornelia, Reichb. in Sieb. pl. Senegal) by the much larger leaves, petioles and calyx not being villous, shorter calyx-teeth, and smaller flowers. 2. C. obovatum (Klotzsch. in E. Z. Enum. n, 2293); unarmed, glabrous ; leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or elliptical, subacute at the base, shining above, paler below, few-nerved ; cymes axillary, tricho- tomous, many-flowered, shorter or equalling the leaves ; peduneles, pedi- cels, and calyz glabrous; corolla glabrous, lobes revolute ; style exserted ; stigma mitre-formed. Mitrastigma lucidum Harv.! in Lond. Jour. Bot. vol. 1,p.20. Thes.Cap.t.22. Phallaria lucida, Hochst.! Flora, 1842, p. 238. Psychotria obtusifolia, E. Mey. et Psychot, 2361. Herb, Drege. Var. 8. pyrifolium ; leaves elliptic or suborbicular, obtuse at the base. . pyri- folium Klotzsch, E. Z. 2294, et Ehretia? 62. Has. In distr. Ui near Adow, Winterhoeksberg, Z. & Z. ; Glenfilling and near Strandfontein and Matjesfontein, Dreye ; Van Stadesberg, Zeyh, 2706 ; . Plectronia. | RUBIACEE (Sond.) 17 Natal, Krauss, 178. Gueinzius, T. Williamson, Gerrard § M‘Ken. Var. 8B. in Krakakamma, £. § Z. Jan.—Feb. (Herb. D., Sd.) Shrub or tree 12-15 feet high, with tetragonal subcompressed branches. Stipules cuspidate. Leaves 1-2 inches long, with revolute margins, and a gland at the base of the lateral nerves. Cymes pedunculate. Calyx 1 line long, with very short teeth. Corolla 2 lines long, §, rarely 4-parted, the lobes acute ; the inner surface of the tube and throat hairy. Anthers subsessile, exserted. Style much exserted, Fruit the size of a large pea, roundish, subcompressed, 1-2-seeded. X. PLECTRONIA, L. Calyz-tube obovate or oblong; limb with 5 short teeth. Corolla subinfundibuliform, with a 5-parted limb, acute, reflexed segments val- vate in bud, and a hairy or naked throat. Stamens 5, in the throat, sub- exserted. Style short. Stigma subcapitate, of 2 approximate lamelle. Berry fleshy, obovate-oblong, compressed, didymous, of 2 pyrene. Py- rene indehiscent, 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Lam. ill. t. 146. Plectronia et Psilostoma, Klotzsch. in E. Z. enum. Shrubs or small trees with subspinous branches, ovate leaves, and axillary race- mose or corymbose peduncles, with small flowers. Name from #Anxrpoy, a whip, in allusion to the square branches. [Too nearly allied to Canthium, W. H. H.] Throat bearded. Leaves pale beneath ; petioles glabrous ... ... ... ... ... (1) ventosa. Leaves one-coloured ; petioles pubescent ... ... ... ... ... (2) Mundtiana. Throat naked. Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered; tube of corolla as long as thelimb (3) parviflora. Pedicels axill.,1-2-flowered ; tube of corollalongerthanthelimb (4) ciliata. Pedicels axill., 5-12-fl.; tube of corolla shorter than the limb (5) spinosa. 1, P. ventosa (Linn. Mant. p. 52); glabrous, branches brachiate, patent, spiny ; twigs quadrangular ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovate-oblong, entire, subcoriaceous, pale on the lower surface ; corymbs 10—20-flowered; tube of the corolla conical, longer than the limb ; throat bearded. Serissa Capensis, Thunb. l. c. p. 193, excl. syn. Cruse Rubiac. cap. p. 20, t.2, E. Z.! 2297. Canthium Thunbergianum, Cham. & Schl. in Linnea, 4, p.130. Burm. Afr. n. 257, t. 94- Has. In woods and ravines throughout the Colony. Oct.-Nov. (Herb. D., Sd.) A ger ner feet ence -aagael from 6-10 oe a — Wood ean oF subacuminate, 1-23 inches long. Petioles 4-6 lines oa glabrous. Corymbs shorter than the leaves. Corolla about 3 lines long. Style equalling the throat. Fruit about 5~6 lines long, 4 lines broad. Seeds oblong. Plectronia ven- tosa, Thunb. fl. cap. p. 195, is Apodytes dimidiata, Benth. (Conf. vol. 1, p. 235). _ 2. P, Mundtiana (Pappe Sylv. cap. p. 19); branches erect-spread- ing, a little spiny ; twigs subangular ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, or elliptical, entire, membranaceous, one-coloured, petioles and middle rib pubescent on the upper surface ; corymbs 5—r10-flowered ; tube ot the corolla cylindrical, as long as the limb, throat bearded. Canthium Mundtianum Cham. et Schlecht. in Linnea, 4, p. 131. #. & Z./ 2295. Herb. Un. Itin. No. 637. Drege, 6747. Var. 8. pubescens (Cham. and Schl. 1. c.); branches and leaves softly pubescent. Poet ifolia, Mundt. in Herb. E. § Z. On the Table and Devil’s Mountain, Simon’s Bay, Grootvadersbosch, Plet- VOL, It, 2 18 RUBIACE (Sond) | Plectronia. tenbergsbay, and near Gnadenthal. Var. 8. near Witte-boome, Table Mountain. Noy.—Dec. (Herb. 8d., D.) Arborescent shrub, 5-8 feet high. Bark and wood white, Very similar to the preceding, but branches more straight, less spiny, spines much shorter, not dis- coloured leaves with hairy petioles, and smaller flowers. 8. P. pauciflora (Klotzsch. ! E, Z. n. 2300); glabrous, branches and twigs terete ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate, acute, few-nerved, entire, membranaceous, one-coloured; peduncles opposite, axillary, 2-flowered ; tube of the corolla as long as the limb ; throat naked ; tube hairy in the middle inside. Randia ? triplinervis, E. Meyer. in Herb. Drege. Has. W., Plettenbergsbay, Mundt.; Natal, Drege. Cooper, 1165, Dec.—Jan, (Herb. D., Sd.) A shrub, probably unarmed, with erect, spreading, greyish-green, virgate branches. Leaves J inch long, 8 lines broad, with 2 or 3 pairs of lateral nerves, not veined. Petiole 2 lines long. Stipules cuspidate, short. Peduncle 4 inch ; the 2 pedicels 4 lines long. Calyx 1 line. Corolla 2 lines long ; the lobes acute; the throat quite naked, but there is a hairy ring in the tube below the anthers. Fruit black, didy- mous, but by abortion of the one cell, obliquely oblong, nearly 3 inch long. 4. P, ciliata (Sond.); branches spiny, tercte, glabrous ; twigs pu- bescent ; leaves opposite, shortly petiolate, ovate or subcordate-ovate, subacute, penninerved, pale and veined beneath, appressed-hairy, or glabrous above; peduncles opposite, axillary, 1-, rarely 2-fl.; tube of corolla longer than the limb, throat naked ; tube with scattered hairs inside. Psilostoma ciliata, Kl. ! E. Z. 2296. Randia? venosa, E. M. Var. 8. mollis; leaves softly pubescent on both sides; corolla hairy outside, PZ, mollis, Gerr. MS. . Van. y. glabrata; leaves quite glabrous on both sides, or with scattered haiis beneath ; corolla glabrous. Has. On the Katriver, near Philipstown and Nieuweport, £. ¢ Z.; Howisons- poort, Zeyh. 2708 ; Buffel River, Gekau, Morley, and near Port Natal, Drege, var. B. Natal, Gueinzius, 554. J. Sanderson, 444, 281. Gerr. § M‘K. 5, et 1345; var. y. Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K. 1346. Oct.—April. (Herb. Sond., D.) A large shrub with long horizontal opposite spines, Leaves opposite, rarely fasciculate, 8-12 lines long, subcoriaceous ; petioles 1-2 lines long. Stipules subu- late, equalling the petiole. Peduncles capillary, 3-1 inch long, bibracteate in the middle. Corolla 3 lines long. Anthers subsessile. Style subexserted ; stigma capitate. Fruit didymous, one cell often wanting by abortion ; about 4 lines long. 5. P. spinosa (Klotzsch.! E.Z.n.2298); nearly glabrous, branches very spinous, terete ; leaves shortly petiolate, fasciculate, oval or obovate, ob- tuse, attenuate at the base, quite entire, penninerved, paler and veined beneath; peduncles axillary, solitary or fasciculate, racemose or corym- bose-panicled, 5—12-flowered; tube of the corolla shorter than the limb ; throat and tube naked. Has. Woods near Adow and Olifantshoek, HZ. § Z.; Stadensriver, Zeyh. 674 Drege, 6750; Natal, Gueinzius, 403 ; Gerr. § M‘K. 534. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Sd., D.) Habit of a Celastrus ; shrub 5-8 feet in height. Branches spreading, greyish- white. Spines }—-1 inch long. Stipule subulate. Leaves rising from an ie bud ; petiole 1-2 lines long. Young leaves as well as the twig sometimes appressed- hairy, old leaves quite glabrous, 1-14 inch long. Racemes or panicles shorter than the leaves ; pedicels about 2 lines long. Calyx with very short teeth. Corolla 1} lines long. Fruit didymous, one cell often abortive. Pavetta.} RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 19 XI. PAVETTA, Linn. Calyx-tube ovate ; limb 4-toothed or cleft. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long slender tube, and a 4-parted spreading limb. Anthers 4, sessile in the throat. Style much exserted beyond the tube of the corolla, stigma clavate, entire or nearly so. Berry drupaceous, 2-celled, crowned with the limb of the calyx. DC. 1. ¢. 4, p. 485. Shrubs or small trees, with opposite leaves and corymbs of white or yellow flowers. — Pavetta is the vernacular name of P. indica in Malabar. (1) Calyx-teeth setaceous, 2-4 times longer than the tube. Leaves ebovate, almost sessile, glabrous pe Sooper a ee A Leaves elliptic, petiolate, pubescent... ... ... ... ... (2) Cooperi. Leaves ovato-lanceolate, glabrous, hairy on the midrib beneath; panicle pubescent ... ... ... 0... -. «. (5) Gerrardi. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, tomentose beneath ; panicle RPUENE ONES ert a ee i i an ak LO Leaves lanceolate-acuminate, petiolate, glabrous ..._... (3) Natalensis. (2) Calyx-teeth as long as the tube. Cn aA ae he ee ee ee YS Leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuate at the base ... ... (9) Zeyheri. (3) Calyx-teeth minute, shorter than the tube. Leaves obovate, limb of calyx with minute, acute teeth (7) assimilis. Leaves lanceolate-acute ; limb of calyx repando-dentate (8) edentula. Leaves lanceolate-attenuate ; teeth of calyx subobtuse, half aslong as the tube... ... «1... ase wee «ee (36) lanceolata. 1. P. Caffra (Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 146); branches terete, as well as the leaves glabrous; leaves obovate, almost sessile ; stipules broad, cuspidate ; corymbs dense-flowered ; teeth of calyx setaceous, twice longer than the tube. E.Z.! 2302. P. corymbosa, Houtt. Nat. Hist. t. 10; [xora caffra, Potr. suppl. 3, p. 209. Van. 8. pubescens; branches, leayes, and flowers shortly pubescent. Has. In woods, Dists. of Uitenhage, Albany, Caffraria and Port Natal, Thunb. EL. § Z. Drege, Zeyh. 2711. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.) Shrub 3-6 feet high, with whitish branches. Leaves with slightly recurved mar- gins, the lateral nerves often not conspicuous, quite glabrous, or in Var. 8. pubescent, 13-2 inches long, about 1 inch broad, attenuated at the base, sometimes in a short petiole. ‘Teeth of calyx 2 lines, tube of corolla 6 lines long. Fruit black, shining, as large as a pea crowned with the calyx, 2. P. Cooperi (Harv. & Sond.) ; branches terete, very shortly pubes- cent; leaves petiolate, elliptic, acute at both ends, hairy-scabrous above, softly pubescent and strongly nerved beneath ; stipules broad, euspidate ; corymbs capitate; calyx-teeth twice as long as the tube, setaceous. Has. Natal, 7. Cooper, 1175; Gerr. ¢§ M‘K. 1349. (Herb. D., Sd.) A large shrub. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 1-14 inch broad, with very prominent middle and divergent lateral nerves. Petioles 3-6 lines long. Corymb globose, a, cles and pedicels very short, pubescent as well as the 2 lines long calyx-teeth. y pilose, or nearly glabrous, white; length of the tube and size of the fruit as in P. Cagfra, from which this species, at first sight, differs by the elliptical, nerved leaves. 8. P. Natalensis (Sond.); quite glabrous ; young branches com- pressed ; leaves on longish petioles, lanceolate, acuminate, attenuate at the base, shining ; stipules euspidate-acuminate ; corymb loose, pe- duncle naked at the base, pedicels 1-flowered ; teeth of calyx t times as long as the tube, setaccous, ae 2* 20 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Pavetta. Has. Port Natal, Gerrard § M‘Ken. (Herb. D.) Very different from the preceding. The leaves are 3-4 inches long, 7-10 lines broad, with subrecurved margins, much acuminated at the apex. The corymb or racemose panicle, in the only fruit-bearing specimen I have seen, is 1 inch high and 2 inches wide, Calyx-tube 1 line long. Fruit somewhat larger than in P. Cuffra. 4. P. Bowkeri (Harv. Thes. t. 131); twigs compressed, clothed with a very short bifarious pubescence; leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering into a pubescent petiole, with recurved margins, quite glabrous above, tomentose beneath; corymbose panicle loosely trichotomous, glabrous ; teeth of calyx 3-4 times longer than the tube, setaceous. Has. Mouth of Bashee R., Caffr.,inswamps. Feb. H. Bowker, 459. (Hb. D., Sd.) Leayes 3-4 inches long, 1-1} inch broad, shortly acuminated into a bluntish point, penninerved, softly tomentose beneath ; petiole 4 inch long. Stipules cuspidate or aristate. Panicle spreading ; bracts very small. Calyx 3 lines long. Tube of the glabrous white corolla } inch, lobes 3 lines long, acute. 5. P. Gerrardi (Harv. MSS.); twigs compressed, minutely downy ; leaves long-petioled, ovato-lanceolate, acute or subacuminate, tapering at the base, with subrecurved margins, glabrous, but hairy on the mid- dle nerve beneath ; corymbose panicle trichotomous, shortly pubescent ; teeth of calyx twice longer than the tube, setaceous. Has. Tugela River, Natal, Gerr. d M‘K. 1350. (Herb. D.)} A bushy shrub, 2-4 feet high, with light green foliage and large white flowers, nearly allied to P. Bowkeri, from which it chiefly differs in the longer, broader, gla- brous, and green leaves. Leaves 5—6 inches long, and nearly 2 inches broad. Pe- tioles pubescent, 4-1 inch long. Stipules cuspidate. Panicle many-flowered. Corolla glabrous, the size as in the preceding. 6. P. obovata (E. Mey. in Dreg. enum.); quite glabrous, twigs com- pressed ; leaves obovate, tapering into the petiole, obtuse or acute, with revolute margins, subcoriaceous, penninerved ; panicle corymbose, loosely trichotomous ; teeth of calyx acute, as long as the tube. P. revoluta, Hochst.! Flora, 1842, p. 237. Has. Port Natal, Drege, Krauss. 98. Kowie sand hills, P. Mae Owan, 420. J. Sanderson. Plant. (Herb. Sd., D.) Leaves 2~3 inches long, 12-15 lines broad, paler beneath. Petiole 1-4 lines long. Panicle spreading’; bracts minute. Calyx 1 line long. Corolla white, the tube 6 lines, limb nearly 3 lines long. Style very long. Fruit as large as a large pea, shining, crowned by the rigid calyx, 7. P. assimilis (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs subcompressed ; leaves obovate, tapering in the petiole, obtuse or subacute, with recurved mar- gins, subcoriaceous, penninerved ; panicle corymbose, trichotomous ; limb of calyx cupshaped, with very minute, acute teeth. Has. Port Natal, Gerrard § M‘Ken, 1355. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) Closely resembling P. obovata in habit and in the size and form of the leaves, but well characterized by the calyx. Panicle t-1} inch long. Calyx 1 line long, the teeth like a mucro. Tube of corolla 4 lines, the limb 2 lines long. Style one half longer than the corolla. 8. P. edentula (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs terete ; leaves Zanceo- late acute, tapering in a longish petiole, fiat, coriaceous, shining, penni- nerved, and reticulate ; panicle corymbose, much shorter than the leaves ; limb of calyx cupshaped, repando-dentate. Has. Port Natal, near Ingoma, March. Gerr. ¢ M‘K, 1353. (Herb. D.) Grumilea.} RUBIACEH (Sond.) 21 A shrub, 4-5 feet, Leaves 6-7 inches long, 14-14 inch broad. Petiole 1 inch jong. Stipules very broad, aristate. Panicle 14-2 inches long, with minute bracts. Calyx 14 line long, repand, without teeth. Corolla white, tube 6 lines, limb 2 lines long. Exserted part of the style as long as the corolla. 9. P. Zeyheri (Sond.); quite glabrous ; twigs terete or subcompressed ; leaves (small) oblong-lanceolate or oblong, tapering at the base, nearly sessile ; corymb abbreviate, 8—12-flowered ; teeth of calyx as long as the tube, acute. P. lanceolata, Zeyh. 768, not of E. & Z. Has. Magalisberg, Vaalriver, Zeyher ¢ Burke. Dec. (Herb. Sd., D.) Shrub with widely spreading, opposite branches. Leaves often tufted, 10-12 lines long, 2 lines broad. Corymb as long or shorter than the leaf. Calyx nearly i line long. Corolla wanting. Fruit as large as a pea, black. 10. P. lanceolata (Eckl! in South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1830, p. 374); quite glabrous; branches subcompressed ; leaves petiolate, lanceolate, at- tenuate at both ends, with recurved margins, coriaceous, shining above; panicle corymbose, trichotomous ; ; teeth of the calyx bluntish, twice shorter than the tube. E. Z. 2303. P. lanceolata, E. Mey. in Hb. Drege. Has. Forests in Olifantshoek, Uitenhage ; near Grahamstown ; Fort Beaufort, Katriver, and Natal, E. ¢ Z., Drege, Gerr. & M‘Ken. Nov.—Jan. (Herb. D., Sd.) A shrub, 6-8 feet high, with yellowish or grey branches. Leaves 2}-3 inches long, 5-9 lines broad. Petioles short, in the specimens from Natal often 4-6 lines long. Stipules aristate. Corymbs terminal, lax, many-flowered. Calyx 1 line, tube of corolla 4 lines, lobes 2 ines Fi long. Fruit black, globose, as large as a small pea. XII. GRUMILEA, Gaertn. Calyx-tube urceolate, limb with 5 very short teeth. Corolla with a short tube, villous in the throat; limb 5-parted, reflexed, valvate in bud. Stamens sub-exserted ; anthers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style exserted ; stigma bifid. Berry globose, 2-celled, "a-seeded. Seed planoconvex. ‘Albumen cartilaginous, ruminate, or grumose from chinks and fissures. Hmbryo erect, small. DC. prod. 4, p. 495. Shrubs. Leaves opposite, petiolate, elliptic or obovate, coriaceous. Stipulz acute, broad at the base, deciduous. Flowers terminal, cymose. Name from grumula, a little heap ; in reference to the albumen, which is grumose. 1. G. Capensis (Sond.) ; glabrous ; branches subtetragonous or com- pressed ; leaves shortly petiolate, obovate or oblong-ovate, subacute, attenuated at the base, with revolute margins ; corymbs pedunculate, trichotomous ; bracts and pedicels pilose. Logania capensis, Eckl. ! im South Afr. Quart. Journ. 1. p. 371. Plectronia citrifolia, E.Z. ! n. 2299. P. coffeacea, E. Z.! pl. exsics. Grumilea cymosa, LE, Mey.! G. globosa, Hochst.! Flora XXVII. IT. p. 554. Var. 8, angustifolia ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate or subacute. Var. +. pubescens; leaves obovate, or obovate-oblong, ple length Has. Woods, Zaureberge, Drege; Olifantshoek, on Bosjesmannsrivier, BE. & Z.; Howison’s Port, H. Hutton, Zeyh. 2707 ; Port Natal, Drege, J. Sanderson ; Krauss. 428. Gerrard ¢ M‘Ken, 830. Var. B. near Grahamstad, Zeyh. Var. y. Port Natal. Sept.—Jan. (Herb. Sond., D.) Evergreen shrub or tree. ” Leaves penninerved, 3-5 inches long, 1}-2 inches broad, shining above, a little paler beneath, quite glabrous, or with short adpressed hairs on the middle nerve ; in var. y. evidently pubescent, especially on the neryes. Pe- 22 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) | Kraussia. tiole 2-4 lines long. Stipules coriaceous, very broad, mucronulate. Corymb trifid, on an uncial peduncle; pedicels appressed-hairy, at length glabrous, bracteated at the base ; the ultimate pedicel terminated by a 6-12-flowered umbel. Calyx 4 line long, shorter than its pedicel, sinuated, but acutely toothed. Corolla yellow( Gerrard ), 3 lines long ; lobes equalling the tube. Filaments glabrous. Lobes of stigma thick- ened. Fruit the size of a peppercorn, black, shining, 2-seeded. Seeds ruminate. XIII. KRAUSSIA, Harvey. Calyx-tube ovate; limb short, 5-cleft. Corolla funnel-shaped, tube short, obconieal, limb 5-cleft, lobes oblong, with imbricate sestivation ; the throat densely hairy. Stamens 5, in the throat, exserted ; filaments short. Anthers erect, attenuate. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style very short. Stigma clavate, fusiform, striato-lamellate, bifid, lobes erect or revolute. Berry globose, crowned with the calyx limb, 2, or by abortion, 1-seeded. Harv. in Lond. Journ. Bot, vol. 1, p. 20. Glabrous shrubs with lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, quite entire glossy, shortly petiolate leaves, broad, abruptly subulate-acuminate stipules and axillary cymes of white(?) flowers. Named in honour of Dr. Ferdinand Krauss, professor at Stutgardt, who travelled and collected in South Africa. Stigma club-shaped, undivided or bidentate, erect : Lys. sub-petiolate, oblong or lance-oblong, subacute ..._ (1) floribunda, Lys. petiolate, broadly-oblong, much acuminate ... ... (2) pavettoides, Stigma deeply 2-lobed, the lobes revolute : Lys. lanceolate-acuminate scusck cp thlancae Sse 7 Gao La seneoolata. Lys. ovate-oblong, subacute ... ... ... «+ -- «+ (4) Coriacea. 1. K, floribunda (Harv. 1. c.); branches reddish brown, quadrisul- cate; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate-subacute ; cymes axillary, panicu- late, nearly as long as the leaves, pedicels spreading; limb of the calyx obtuse ; anthers subsessile ; stigma very large, clavate, as long or a little longer than the style. Harv. Thes.t. 21. Coffea Kraussiana, Hochst. in Flora, 1842, p. 237. Psychotria oblongifolia, E. Mey. a. (non. b.) Has. Port Natal, Krauss, 121; Gueinzius, 109, 111, 551. Drege, Gerr. § M‘K. 406. (Herb. Sond., D.) Leaves 24—3 inches long, 1 inch broad, penninerved and with a gland at the base of each nerve below. Stipules mucronulate. Cymes trichotomous, the peduncle nearly an inch long; the pedicels with a minute lanceolate bracteole at the base, and about twice as long as the obtuse calyx. Corolla 3-4 lines long. Filaments very short. Fruit the size of a garden pea, 2. K. pavettoides (Harv.); twigs dark-colored, bluntly 4-angled ; leaves obovate-oblong, acuminate, tapering at base into a petiole; cymes terminal and axillary, peduncled, trichotomous ; pedicels spreading, puberulous as well as the calyx; calyx-lobes obtuse; anthers subsessile ; style hoary in the middle, twice as long as the club-shaped, bidentate stigma, Has. Ravines on Field-Hill, Natal, J. Sanderson, 656. (Herb. D., Sd.) _ A tree or large shrub, 10-20 feet high, with the habit of a Pavetta. Leaves 4-5 inches long, 14-24 inches broad, of thin substance, turning very dark in drying, narrow cuneate at base, and passing into a }-—} inch long petiole, distantly penni- nerved and netted beneath ; the midrib puberulous. Cymes mostly sub-terminal, from the axils of smaller leaves. Peduncles uncial; pedicels much-branched, corym- bose. Stipules cuspidate. Tube of corolla 3 as long as the limb. Throat minutely, but closely pubescent within: by which character this differs from the other species. Bunburya.] RUBIACE (Sond.) 23 3. K. lanceolata (Sond. in Linn. xxiii. p. 53); branches yellowish quadrisnlcate ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate ; cymes axillary, many-flow- ered, much shorter than the leaves ; limb of the calyx acute; filaments oxserted, nearly as long as the anthers 3 stigma bifid, 3 times shorter than the style, with revolute lobes. Carpothalis lanceolata, E. Mey. Psychotria saligna, EZ. Mey. (fruct.) Hap. Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 68, 556. Gerr. & M‘K. 713. (Herb. Sd., D.) Leaves subcoriaceous, nerved and veined on both surfaces, 3-34 inches long, 8-10 lines broad ; petiole 4 lines long. Cymes 6-8 lines high ; the bracteoles sheathing. Calyx acutely 5-toothed. Corolla 3 lines long, lobes oblong, reflexed, Fruit glo- bose, the size of a small pea, crowned by the calyx, with 2 pyrene. 4. K. coriacea (Sond. 1. c.); branches pale, subangulate ; leaves coriaceous, very shortly petiolate, oblong or evate-oblong, subacute at both ends, with recurved margins ; cymes axillary, 4-8 flowered, three times shorter than the leaves ; calyx acutely 5-toothed ; filaments very phe stigma bifid, nearly 4 times shorter than the style, with reyo- ute lobes. Has. Natal, Gueinzius, 100; Gerr. & M‘K. 712. (Herb. Sd., D.) Branches greyish white. Leaves 3 inches long, 1 inch broad, ‘reticulated veined ; the petiole stout 2 lines long. Pedicels 4-5 lines long, with 2 alternate bracteoles. Corolla 4 lines long, the reflexed lobes nearly as long as the tube ; the throat very villous with white hairs. Filaments affixed below the middle of the thrice longer linear anthers. Ovary 2-celled. Near the preceding, but easily distinguished by the thickish, coriaceous, not acuminate leaves, and the densely- beaxta throat of the corolla. — XIV. BUNBURYA, Meisn. Onis hte subglobose ; limb shortly bilabiate, 6-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped, limb 6-lobed, lobes lanceolate-oblong, twice shorter than the tube, with imbricate xstivation. Stamens 6 in the throat, exserted ; filaments short, affixed in the middle of the linear-oblong anthers. Ovary bilocular, cells 1-ovulute, Style filiform, glabrous, Stigma bilamellate, lamells short, acute. Fruit... Meisn. in plant. Krauss, Reg. Bot. Zeitg. 1844, non. Harvey. Natalanthe, Sond. in Iinneea, vol. xaiir. p. 52. A shrub with the habit of Coffea Arabica ; a oe, twigs mostly bescent ; stipules broad, with subulate acumen ; leaves shortl y petiolate, ovate- ceolate, tapering to a bluntish point, obitueis oF abot at itis bas + Sane? 3~4-flowered on very short peduncles ; calyx subtended by a cup-like Named after Sir Charles J. F. Bunbury, Bt. F.RS, who tenvllell and Setcioed in in South Africa, 1, B. Capensis ,Cieen 1. ¢.); Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 132. Natalanthe floribunda, Sond. l, Has. Near Port ae, Krauss, Drege, hac re 360. Gerrard & M‘K. 1368 ; Kreili’s Country, Caffraris. HY. Bowker. Tul erb. Sd., D.) Large leaves 3-4 inches long, t4 inch broad, penninerved and ’ veined, glabrous, except on the nerves beneath. Petioles nerved, and calyx adpressed- or subsilky- pubescent. Corolla } inch long, with 6, rarely 7 lobes, white TRIBE VI._SPERMACOCEE (Gen. XV.-XVIII) XV. SPERMACOCE, Meyer. Calyx with an ovate or turbinate tube, and a 2-4-lobed limb, and sometimes accessory teeth in the recesses of the primary lobes. Corolla 24 RUBIACE (Sond.) [Pentanisia. salver-shaped or funnel-shaped, 4 lobed. Stigma bifid or undivided. Capsule crowned, 2-celled ; nuts 1-seeded, dividing into 2 parts from the apex ; the one part closed by the adnate dissepiment, the other open. Seed oval-oblong, marked inside by a longitudinal furrow. DC. prod. 4, P. 552. Herbs or sub-shrubs, stems or branches tetragonal. ‘Leaves opposite. Stipules combined with the petioles, sheathing, fringed by numerous bristles. Flowers ax- illary, sessile, crowded. Name from o7epua, a seed, and axwxn, a point, in allusion to the capsule being crowned by the calycine points. 1, S. Natalensis (Hochst. in pl. Krauss.) ; stem erect, glabrous ; leaves linear-lanceolate or linear, with revolute margins, glabrous, sometimes scabrous on the middle nerve beneath ; stipules rigid, with 5 bristles on each side ; flowers glomerate, semi-verticillate ; stamens sub-inclosed ; capsule crowned by the calyx-teeth. Diodia elongata, E. Meyer. in Herb. Drege. Has. Natal, Krauss. 328; Gueinzius, 516; Gerr. ¢ M'K., J. Sanderson, near Glen- filling, on the Key and Omblas, Drege. Dec.—April. (Herb. Sd., D.) Stem 1-2 feet high, simple or branched. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 2-3 lines broad, paler beneath, the upper ones smaller. Heads of flowers the size of a large pea, or a small hazelnut. Flowers 1 line long. XVI. PENTANISIA, Harv. Calyx-tube obovate or turbinate, limb with 2 or 3 (rarely 4) elongate, linear-subulate lobes, and some (3-4) small accessory ones. Corolla salver-shaped, with a long tube, a bearded throat, and a 5-, rarely 4-lobed limb. Stamens 5 or 4, inserted in the throat, subexserted ; an- thers oblong. Ovary 2-celled, cells 1-ovulate. Style filiform ; stigma bifid, with linear-lobes. Capsule coriaceous, didymous, crowned by the calyx-lobes, bipartite into 2, monospermous, indehiscent nuts. Seed subtriquetrous, plano-convex. Lond. Journ. Bot, 1842, p. 21. Diotocar- pus, Hochst, in Reg. Bot. Zeitz, 1843, p. 70. Perennial herb, with a tuberous root, a tetragonal or compressed stem, opposite nerved leaves, on each side with 3-4-fid setaceous stipules ; and pedunculated, terminal, capitate, sometimes spiked flowers. Name from eve, five, and avicos, unequal; alluding to the unequal calycine lobes, 1, P. variabilis (Harv. Ll. c. p.) Var. a, latifolia; stem erect or ascending, hairy or hirsute; leaves elliptic, ovate or oblong, acute, hairy or nearly glabrous ; flowers disposed in umbel-like spikes. P. variabilis, B. latifolia, Hochst. l.c. P. variabilis, Harv. Var. 8. intermedia; stem erect, downy, or as well as the leaves glabrous or nearly s0 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, narrower at the base ; flowers disposed in umbel-like, rarely interrupted spikes. P. variabilis, Harv. Crusea variabilis et lanceolata, E. Mey. in Herb. Dreg. Declieuxia prunelloides, Klotzch, E. Z. n. 2301. Diotocarp. prumelloides, Hochst. l, ¢. Var. 7. glaucescens ; stem erect, as well as the leaves glabrous ; leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, glaucous-green, obtuse or narrower at the base ; flowers disposed in oblong, interrupted spikes. P. glaucescens, Harv. 1. c. Orusea glaucescens, E. Meyer. Pentanisia et Diotocarpus angustifolius, Hochst. Has. Mountains, var. a., near Port Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 513. Plant, 33. Dr. Sutherland, J. Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘Ken, Krauss. Var. B. Winter- and Katrivier- berge, Caffraria, E.§ Z., H. Bowker, near Port Natal, Krauss. Drege. Var. y. neat Mitracarpum.| RUBIACEE (Sond.) 25 D'Urban, Gerrard § M‘Ken, 34, 580. Krauss. 93, Drege; Magalisberg, Zeyh. 762. Oct.—Nov. (Herb. D., Sd. Root 2-3 inches long, nearly 1 inch broad, brown, Stem 4-1 foot, quadrangular or compressed, reddish. Stipules variable, 2-3 lines or nearly 6 lines long, 3-fid or 5-fid, the middle lobe often larger. Leaves sessile, or on very short petioles ; in var. a., t-14 inch long, 6-9 lines broad ; in var. 8. et y. narrower, and often 2 inches long or longer. Flowers beautiful lilac, on a longish naked peduncle, in var. a. and f. aggregated in a head-like, dense spike, involucrated by the outer calyx-lobes, pubes- cent ; in var. y. forming an interrupted spike 4-2 inches long, glabrous. Calyx-lobes about 3-4 lines long. Corolla nearly 1 inch long. Fruit appressed-hairy or glabrous, subglobose, shorter than the calyx-lobes. XVII. MITRACARPUM, Zuccarini. Calyx with an ovate tube, and a 4-toothed, permanent limb; 2 of the teeth usually larger than the others. Corolla salver-shaped, with a terete tube, which is furnished near the base inside with a circular line of hairs, a glabrous throat, and a 4-lobed limb. Stigma bifid. Capsule membranous, crowned, 2-celled, circumcised round the middle. Seeds solitary in the cells, basilar, partly fixed to the dissepiment. Roem. et Schult. syst. 3, p. 210. A. Rech. mem. soc. hist, nat. par. 6, p. 151, f. 14, f. 4. Herbs or subshrubs, with the habit of Spermacoce. Stipules combined with the petioles a little way, and ending in many bristles. Flowers in dense, verticillate, axillary and terminal heads, the latter always involucrated by 4 leaves. Name from uitpa, a girdle or ring, and kap7os, a fruit, in allusion to the fruit being cut round about in the middle. 1, M. Dregeanum (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege) ; stem erect, branched, as well as the leaves hairy ; leaves sessile, lanceolate, narrower at the base, with revolute margins ; stipules with 5-6 bristles on each side ; flowers disposed in capitate whorls; calyx with 4 teeth, 2 a little smaller, ciliated, somewhat shorter than the corolla. : Has, Near Port Natal, Drege, Gerrard § M‘Ken. April. (Herb. Sd. D.) Stem 1-2 feet high, subhirsute. Leaves 14~2 inches long, 4-6 lines broad, acute, scabrous, hairy. Bristles of the stipules 2-3 lines long. Calyx-teeth subulate, about 14 lines, corolla 3 lines long, the latter with 4 oblong, bearded lobes. Stamens subexserted. Capsule hairy, ovate. Seeds black, oblong, with a longitudinal furrow Calyx with an ovate, angular tube, and a 4-parted permanent limb ; teeth acute, erect. Corol/a campanulately funnel-shaped, 4-lobed. An- thers 4, sessile in the throat, exserted, linear-oblong. Stigma roundly 2-lobed. Berry dry, corky, angular, lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, crowned by the calyx, 2-celled. Seeds solitary in the cells, oblong, bisulcate inside, with hard albumen and a straight embryo. Lam. idl. 76, fi 1. Serissus, Gertn. fruct. 1, p. 118, t. 25. mage. Glabrous, creeping herbs. Stems terete. Leaves ovate-oblong, fleshy, joined with the stipules into a cupular, toothed sheath at the base. Flowers axillary, ses- sile, solitary or by twos. Name from ddwp, water, and @vAag, a keeper or guar- 1. H. carnosa (Sond.); quite glabrous ; stem decumbent ; branches ascending ; leaves ovato-lanceolate, acute, fleshy ; stipules 3-dentate ; flowers axillary, solitary ; limb of calyx shortly tubular, cleft on the 26 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Galopina. outer side, with eroso-denticulate margin ; corolla 4-lobed ; capsule oblong-ovate, angulate-striate, compressed, crowned by the conniyent calyx. Diodia carnosa, Hochst, pl. Krauss. Has. Sandy sea-coast of Zitzikamma, Krauss. 1667 ; Port Natal, Gerrard and M‘Ken, 350. Mar.—Jul. (Herb. D. Sd.) Habit of Arenaria peploides, but larger. Stipules 3-4 lines long. Leaves 4 inch long, 2 lines broad, flat above, with a minute point. Flowers white, 4 as long as the leaf. Fruit 3 lines long, 2 lines broad. Nearly allied to H. maritima, L. TRIBE VII.—ANTHOSPERMEE (Gen. X1X.—XXII.) XIX. GALOPINA, Thunb. Flowers hermaphrodite, dioecious or polygamous. Calyzx-tube obovate, limb 4—parted, very small, scarcely any. Corolla subrotate, 4—5-parted ; lobes oblong, lanceolate, patent-reflexed. Stamens 3-5, inserted in the base of the corolla. Anthers oblong, slightly exserted. Styles 2, with long hairy stigmas. Fruit obovato-didymous, consisting of 2 mericarps, at length separating, indehiscent, warted at back, 1-seeded, with a flat or flattish commissure. DC. 1. c. 4, p. 579. Anthospermi spec. Thunb. Prod. p. 23. Phyllis spec. Cruse, Linn. 6, p.19. Galopina et Oxyspermum, £. Z. enum. p. 364. Perennial herbs, with opposite ovate or ovato-lanceolate leaves, and terminal lax panicles of small flowers. Name unexplained. 1, G. circwoides (Thunb. Diss. Nov. Gen. 1, p. 3); glabrous; leaves ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, tapering into the petiole, scabrous on the margins ; panicle expanded ; pedicels capillary, elongated ; flowers hermaphrodite. 2. § Z. 2304. Zeyh. 2712. Anthospermum galopina, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p.356. Phyllis galopina, Cruse, 1. c. Has. Shady, moist places from Swellendam to Albany, and in Caffraria. Jan.—Feb. (Herb. Thunb., 8d., D.) Stem rather angular, with 2 elevated lines which run from the stipules, 2 feet and more in height, branched, quite glabrous, very rarely in the lower part a little downy. Stipules 3-forked. Petiole 3-6 lines long. Leaves 14—3 inches long, 4-3 inch broad. The trichotomous panicle often 1 foot in diameter. Bracts subulate. Pedicels 4~1 inch long. Ripe fruit about 7 line long and broad ; mericarps convex at back. 2, G. aspera (Sond.); tomentose; leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, subcordate at the base, on very short petioles ; panicle oblong ; flowers dioecious or polygamous. Oxyspermum asperum, HE. § Z. 2305. G. hirsuta, HZ, Mey. G. tomentosa, Hochst. — Has. Katriviersberg, near Philipstown, 7. § Z., H. Hutton; Natal on the Um- laasriver, and near D’Urban, Drege, Krauss., J. Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘Ken, 828. Mar.—Jun. (Herb. D., Sd.) Stem 2-3 feet, stiff, simple, 4-cornered, as well as the leaves and panicle densel covered with short greyish hairs, Leaves with some smaller in the axils, Be oR long, 6-10 lines broad, quite entire, when old often subscabrous. Stipules 3-6-parted. Panicle 4-14 ft. long, trichotomously compound, leafy or nearly naked ; the branches and pedicels erect, spreading, rough-hairy in fruit, much shorter and more rigid than in G. circeoides. The specimens from Caffraria are polygamous (and hermaphrodite, E. & Z,), tho&e from Natal mostly dioecious. Fruit obovate, densely papillate; 4-7 line long. ~ XX. ANTHOSPERMUM, Linn. Calyx-tube obovate ; limb 4—5-toothed. Corolla tubular, limb 4-5- Anthospermum. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 27 parted, lobes linear or lanceolate, spreading, revolute, valvate in estiva- tion, Stamens 4-5, inserted in the lower part of the tube. Anthers versatile, exserted. Styles 2, mostly very short, rarely connate; stigmas 2, very long, hairy. Fruit composed of 2, easily separable, indehiscent, r-seeded mericarps, which are a little compressed at the raphe, and joined together by a concave commissure. Seeds erect, aflixed at the base Embryo dorsal, erect. Albumen subcartilaginous, Cruse, Dissert. Rubiac. Cap. p. 7, t. 1, f. 1, 2. Linn. 6, p. 4. DC. Prod. 4, p. 579. Small shrubs or herbs. Stems branched. Leaves opposite or ternately verticillate, linear or lanceolate, rarely ovate or oblong, coriaceous. Stipules adhering to the petioles at the base, drawn out into a single tooth, rarely into 2 or 3 teeth in the middle. Flowers axillary, sessile, rarely panicled, small, with 2-3 bracts at the base of the ovary, dioecious or polygamous or hermaphrodite. Name from avéos, a flower, and omepua, a seed. 1. Flowers dioecious, axillary, subsessile (1-11). Stipules simple (1-9). Flowers pentandrous : Lvs. whorled, linear-lanceolate, ciliated ... (7) Bergianum, Lvs. opposite, lanceolate, ciliatedwhenyoung (9) hirtum. Flowers tetrandrous : Branches and leaves hirsute : Stem procumbent; lvs. lenger than inter- oe nodes, spreading (5) hispidulum. Stem erect ; lvs. shorter than internodes, erect-incurved ... (6) Branches minutely downy or glabrous : Lys. elliptical, ovate or oblong... ... .... (8) Dregei. Lys. linear or lanceolate. : Fruit sharply 3-ribbed ... (3) tricostatum. Fruit smooth or obsoletely ribbed. Stem rooting at the nodes... .... (2) prostratum. Stem not rooting. ee Fruit crowned by calyx-teeth (1) Zthiopicum. Fruit destitute of calyx-teeth (4) ciliare. Stipules 2-4-parted (10-11). Lys. lanceolate, 1-14 inch long... (10) lanceolatum. Lys. ovate or ovato-anceolate, 4-6 lines long .. (11) hedyotideum. 2, Flowers dioecious, panic . (42) paniculatum. 3. Flowers Pan ay ee polygamous (13-18). Fruit crowned by one leafy calycine .. (13) ealycophyllum. Fruit with or without minute Clyne ; ees Fruit glabrous : Lys. erect, linear-lanceolate, bluntish ; an- . thers oblong . (14) pumilum. Lys. spreading, ‘linear- lanceolate, ‘acute ; : _. anthers linear; corolla glabrous ...... (15) rigidum. Lys. reflexed, oblong- -lanceolate, mucronate; i e anthers linear; corolla hairy... ... (16) Ecklonis. ruit hirsute : Flowers axillary-sessile ... ... ... -.. (17) Lichtensteinit. Flowers cymoso-panicled 2.0.0... 0. (18) Groeyllis. : A. Ethiopicum Spee. 1511); stem erect ; young branches downy ; leaves ie ternate and d whorled, linear-lanceolate or subspathulate, glabrous ; flowers aggregated, verticillate-spiked, tetran- drous ; fruit oblong, nearly cylindrical ; mericarps elliptic, convex, obsoletely-ribbed and minutely-dotted at back, crowned by the calyx- 28 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [Anthospermum. teeth. Hort. Cliff. 455, t.27. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 157. Cruse, Diss. p. 10. E. §& Z.1 2307. © Var. a. ternifolium (Cruse! Lc. p. 15); leaves 3 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, acute; branches straight. A. ethiop., var. y. verticillata, herb. Thunb. ; var. a, et B. E. § Z.1.¢, herb. Un. Itin. 24. Var. 8. oppositifolium (Cruse! lc. p. 11); leaves opposite, linear-subspathulate, sometimes bluntish; branches virgate, erect-spreading. A. awthiop. a. et B. Herb. Thunb. A. spathulatum, Spreng. Syst. Veg. 1, p. 399. Var. y. ed. E. § Z.l,c, Herb. Un. Itin. 4, 5, 7,9, 11, 25, 26. Drege, 7661, 7666, 9551. Zeyh. 2714. Var. y. Ecklonianum (Cruse! Linn, 6, p. 10); leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, Var.e. E. gd Z.l.c. A. spath. var. longifolium, E. Mey. Var. 3. montanum; leaves opposite, lanceolate, bluntish, mucronulate; branches shorter, very leafy. Var. ¢. alpmum, E. § Z. l. ¢. Has. On plains and mountains, common. Aug.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd. A very variable woody shrublet, 3-3 ft. high, much branched, greyish-brown. Branches opposite or ternate. Leaves aggregated, 3-8 lines long, 4-1} line broad, with revolute margins, shining and dotted above, pale with prominent middle nerve beneath. Stipules minute. lowers 2-4 times shorter than the leaves, usually 2-6 or more in a tuft. Cor. with a 4-parted limb, equalling the tube. Fruit 1 line long. 2. A. prostratum (Sond.); stem elongate, prostate, rooting; branches short, downy or glabrous; leaves opposite, lanceolate or subspathulate, mucronate, glabrous, with revolute margins; flowers solvtary, tetran- drous ; fruit obcordate ; mericarps roundish on the back, minutely downy or glabrous ; calyx-teeth nearly obsolete. Var, a. velutinum; stem, branches, and fruit minutely-downy. Var. 8. glabrum; stem, branches, and fruit quite glabrous. . Has, Cape flats, var. a. C. Wright, 491; var. B. Ecklon. (Herb. D., Sd.) Root woody, 4-1 foot, stem 1~3 feet high, rooting at the internodes. Branches 1 inch or a finger long. ‘Leaves nearly as in A. spathulatum, Spr. or a little larger, not whitish, but mostly rufous beneath. Female flowers as in A. ethiopicum, stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit as long, but a little broader and more emarginate than in the preceding. 3. A. tricostatum (Sond.); stem erect, branched; branches slender, downy ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, with revolute margins, gla- brous ; flowers solitary, tetrandrous; fruit oblong; mericarps cuneate, prominently 3-ribbed at back, glabrous, minutely-dotted ; calyx-teeth nearly obsolete. Has. Rietvallei, Z. § Z.; between Drickoppen and Bloodriver, Drege, 9550. April-Nov. (Herb. Sd.) A woody shrub, with the habit of A. wthiopicum, var. B. Leaves aggregated, 3-4 lines long, acute. Fruit 14-2 lines long; the mericarps with 2 prominent marginal and a dorsal rib ; the bipartite spine, separating the mericarps, about half as long as the fruit. Stigmas very long and hairy. 4. A. ciliare (Linn. Spec. 1521); stem decumbent or suberect ; branches downy; leaves opposite, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, ciliated, when old often without cilia, with revolute margins ; flowers solitary, or 2-4 together, tetrandrous; fruit obcordate; mericarps round- ish at back, glabrous, shining, destitute of calycine limb. Thunb. ! 1. ¢. p. 157. Herb. ex pte. Cruse, Diss. p.13. Plukn. Mant. 51, t. 344,f- 5. 4: galordes, Reichb. Spreng. Syst. Veg. c. p, 1V. 2, p. 338. E. & 4.2308, A. Anthospermum.| | RUBIACEH (Sond.) 29 spathulatum? E. M.in Herb. Drege. Herb. Un. Ttin, 12, 14,27, 191. Zey. 2718,2719. Drege, 9548. Stieber, Fl. Cap. 88. A. ciliare, a. et B. fem. (non mascul, ) et y. mas, Herb. Thunb. Var, B. papillatum ; fruit densely papillate, at length glabrous or nearly so. Van. y. glabrifolium ; leaves subglabrous, without cilia, or scabrous on margins. Has. Stony places, plains and mountains, common; var. 8. Simon’s Bay and Rietvalley. May-Sept. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.) Stem 4-10 inches, much branched, procumbent, rarely erect. Leaves 3-4 lines long, aggregated, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate (var. latifolium, E. Z.), in other specimens linear-lanceolate (var. angustifolium et scabrum, E. Z.), glabrous and shining above, pale or rusty beneath. Corolla a little hairy outside ; the 4 lobes longer than the tube. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit } line long and broad, brown. 5. A. hispidulum (E. Mey.) ; stem procumbent, as well as the short branches and leaves clothed with spreading white hairs; leaves opposite, longer than the internodes, spreading, lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins ; flowers solitary, tetrandrous ; fruit eblong-cylindrical; meri- carps convex outside, hairy, crowned by the subulate calyx-teeth. Has. Rocky places, Omsamwabo to Omsamcaba. May. Drege, Natal; Gerr. § M‘K. 1361, (Herb. D., Sd.) A low shrub, with greyish stem and branches, glabrous at the base. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1 line broad, hispidulous. Stipule subulate. Fl. very small. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit: 1 line long, nearly cylindrical, as long as the ciliate bracts. 6. A. Burkei (Sond.); stem erect; branches Iong, hirsute ; leaves opposite, shorter than the internodes, erect-incurved, lanceolate, acute, with revolute margins, densely clothed with short hairs; flowers aggre- gate, tetrandrous; fruit oblong; mericarps convex outside, pubescent, crowned by the minute, acute, calyx-teeth. Has. Magalisberg, June, Burke ¢ Zeyh. (Herb. Sd., D.) Primary branches 1—2 feet long ; ultimate branchlets very short. Internodes about 34 inch. Leaves with many smaller axillary leaves or short branchlets, 2-3 lines long, pointed. Flowers very small. Fruit scarcely 1 line long; the calycine lobes much shorter than in A. hispidudum, to which it is closely allied by the leaves and flowers, but not in habit. 7. A. Bergianum (Cruse! Diss. p. 8); stem erect; branches clothed with whitish pubescence; leaves 3 in a whorl, connately perfoliate, imbricated, linear-lanceolate, ciliated; flowers pentandrous ; subverticil- late, spiked ; fruit obovate; mericarps convex outside, glabrous, minutely punctate. Linn. 6, p. 7, H. Z.! 2306. Drege, 7668. Has. Cape flats, common. July-Aug. (Herb. Sd., D.) A very leafy, more or less branched shrub, about 1 foot high. Leaves longer than the internodes, densely imbricated, pale green, the margins and keel ciliated with white hairs, 3-5 lines long, acute. Flowers in 3-flowered whorls. Male and female flowers 5-parted, with short tube. Stigmas long. Fruit 1 line long. 8. A. Dregei (Sond.); stem erect; branches spreading, minutely downy; leaves opposite, elliptic, ovate or oblong, mucronulate, glabrous, when young minutely downy, rusty beneath, with slightly recurved margins ; flowers tetrandrous, solitary ;, fruit (when young) obovate; mericarps glabrous, punctulate. sii : Has, Betw. Koussie and Zilverfontein, 2000 ft, Aug. Drege, 3016. (Hb, Sd., D.) 30 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [ Anthospermum. A foot or more high, with a long, nearly simple, woody root. Twigs reddish or brown. Internodes longer than the leaves. Stipules very small. Leaves shortly petiolate, 3-4 lines long, 2 lines broad. Corolla with a short tube. Anthers linear, white. Stigmas long, hairy. Ripe fruit unknown. 9. A. hirtum (Cruse! Diss. p. 11); stem erect; branches erect- spreading, hairy as well as the leaves at the base ; leaves opposite, lan- ceolate, acute, ciliated when young ; stipules simple, subulate; flowers solitary or 2—5 aggregated, axillary, pentandrous; fruit obovate; meri- carps roundish outside, glabrous, papillate. #.Z. 2311. A. ciliare, a et 2, mas. herb. Thunb. non fem. A. rubiaceum, Reichb.! in Spreng. syst. 4, p. 338. Herb. Un. Itin.n.29. A. lanceolatum, Sieb.! fl. cap. n. 90. A. hirsutum, DC. prod. 4, p. 580. Has, Mountains near Capetown, Bergius, Ecklon, Sieber, W. H. H. Piquetberg, Drege, 7677. Sept.—Jan. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.) Stem 1-2 feet, purplish brown, branched. Leaves 1 inch long, 1-2 lines broad, acute or acuminate, with slightly recurved margins, pale or whitish beneath. Stipules 1 line long. Flowers hairy outside. Tube of the corolla shorter than the lobes. Female flower solitary, Fruit 1 line long, destitute of the calycine limb. 10. A. lanceolatum (Thunb. prodr. p. 32); stem procumbent or erect, much branched; branches glabrous or downy; leaves opposite, lanceo- late, acute, glabrous, or puberulous; stipules 2-4-parted, lobes subulate; flowers axillary, subverticillate, 4—5-androus ; fruit obovate-oblong ; mericarps convex at back, glabrous, or papillate. Thunb. herb. «a, et 8, non y. Cruse! Diss. p. 12, E. Z. 2310. A. herbaceum, L. fil. Suppl. p. 440, A. nodosum, E. Mey. - Var. 8, latifolium; branches downy or densely hairy ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, mostly rusty beneath, downy, at length glabrous; fruit papillate. A. latifoliwm, E Mey. A. ferrugineum, E. Z.! 2309. _ Has, Cape dist., Thunb. Sieber, 239; Kleinfontein, Mundt, § Maire ; Kiynriviers- berg, and in distr. Uitenhage, #. Z. ; Plettenberg Bay, Dr. Pappe ; Howisonspoort, H. Hutton; Natal, Drege. Van. 8. in dist. Uit., Albany, and in Caffraria, BE. § Z., Zeyh. 2716, ex parte ; near Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 468. Oct. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.) Stem 1-3 feet; as well as the branches, reddish-brown. Leaves sessile, 1-14 inch long, 2-3 lines long, in var. 8, }-1 inch long, about 4 lines broad, with slightly re- curved margins, acute or acuminate, paler beneath, in var. 8, on the under side with brown resinous dots. Corolla with conical tube, and lanceolate-linear lobes. An- thers oblong. Fruit 1 line long. Very similar to A. hirtum, of which it has the habit and foliage; but the stipules are very different, and the leaves somewhat broader. In this species I often found female flowers on the lower twigs. 11. A hedyotideum (Sond.); perennial; stems short, simple, or a little branched, as well as the leaves, minutely downy ; leaves opposite, ovate, acute, or ovate-lanceolate, with revolute margins ; stipules 3-fid, the lateral lobes smaller; flowers solitary, tetrandrous; fruit elliptic; meri- carps convex at the back, minutely papillate ; limb of calyx nearly obsolete, Has. Kreili’s Country, Caffraria, H. Bowker; Keiskamma, Drege. (Herb. D., Sd.) Stems many from the root, 3-4 inches high. Petiole nearly 1 line long. Leaves at length su! rous, acute at both ends, pale and with some lateral veins beneath. 4-6 lines long, 2 lines broad. ules small. Calyx minute, 4-toothed. Lobes of the Pree am than the tube. Fruit 1 line long, the mericarps usually with a line on the Anthospermum. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 31 12. A. paniculatum (Cruse! Diss. p. 15, t. 1, f£ 2); stem erect, branched from the base, branches downy ; leaves ‘opposite, linear-sub- spathulate ; stipules short, simple; flowers panicled, tetrandrous ; fruit obovate; mericarps 3- -ribbed, glabrous, #.2Z. 2314. A. Aithiopicum, jem. herb. Thunb. Has. Houtniquas and Hanglip, Mundt and Maire ; Winterhoeksberg, Kraka- kamma and Stadensriviersberg, Uit., Grahamstown, and in Caffraria, F. § 2, Zeyh. 2715; Howisonspoort, H. Hutton. Oct.Jul. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.) Root woody. Stem 1-1} ft.; branches reddish, very leafy. Leaves aggregate, quite glabrous, with revolute margins, narrowed at base, 4~5 lines long, 3 line broad. Panicle terminal, narrow, 2-6 inches long. Flowers divecious, but in a few speci- mens I observed polygamous flowers. Corolla with linear- lanceolate lobes longer than the short tube, Fruit about 2 lines long, crowned by the 4 erect, acute, caly- cine lobes. 13. A. calycophyllum (Sond.) ; stem shrubby, erect, branched ; twigs pubescent ; leaves opposite, petiolate, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, glabrous; flowers hermaphrodite, pentandrous, disposed in a short, terminal spike; calyx 5-toothed, teeth unequal, 4 very minute ; fruit elliptic-oblong, downy; mericarps convex at back, one of them tipped by the large leafy calycine lobe. ae Ra berg, Burke and Zeyher; Natal, Dr. Sutherland, J. Sanderson, er ( One or staal: feet high, much branched. Stipules minute, simple, subulate. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 13-2 lines broad, coriaceous, acute, with slightly revolute margins. Terminal spike about 4 inch long, the flowers mostly geminate on very short pedicels, in the axils of the soon deciduous, ciliate leaves. Fl. hermaphrodite, rarely polygamous. Four of the calyx-teeth nearly obsolete, the fifth expanded to a leaf. Tube of the corolla twice longer than the lobes. Anthers oblong. Roo elongated. Fruit 1 line long. The leafy calyx-lobes oblong, acute, equalling or little longer than the easily separated mericarps. 14. A. pumilum (Sond.) ; perennial; stems numerous, erect, simple minutely downy; leaves opposite, erect, linear-lanceolate, bluntish, cili- olate-scabrous on the revolute margins ; stipules simple ; flowers herma- phrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, solitary or geminate ; anthers ob/ong ; fruit obcordate ; mericarps convex at the back, glabrous, shining. Has. Caledon River, Zeyher. Jan. Bde}: a saa ae with the habit of 4. . _ Leaves 2-3 lines long, aggre- convex above e revi margins. small; calyx -toothed, sy eu Fruit 1 line long; aasierpe crowned by the minute or rudimentary ; ealyx-teeth. 15. A. rigidum (E. Z.! n. 2315); suffruticose ; stems erect, woody, much branched ; branches minutely downy ; leaves opposite, spreading, linear-lanceolate, acute, a little scabrous, with revolute margins; stipules simple ; flowers polygamous, tetrandrous, axillary, aggregate ; corolla glabrous outside; anthers linear ; fruit obovate-oblong ; mericarps con- eth at back, glabrous, minutely punctate, crowned by the minute calysc- _ Hap. Karroo, near the Gauritzriver, Swell., E.G Z.3 Nieuwejaars-pruit, between Garip and Caledonriver, at the foot of the Wit ergen, Zeyh. Oct.—_Dec. (Herb, Sd.) Root thick, woody, ‘about 1 foot long, simple. Leaves 4-6 lines long, about $ of a line pointed, shining above. Flowers 2—5-together. Calyx minute, equal. Corolla white, lo lobe. about as long as the tube. Stigmas long, ee Fruit 1 line long. 32 RUBIACEE (Sond.) [ Carpacoce. 16. A. Ecklonis poe) ; shrubby; stem erect; branches and leaves pubescent-scabrous ; leaves opposite, reflewed, lanceolate or oblong-lanceo- late, mucronulate, with slightly recurved margins, whitish beneath ; stipules simple; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, subaggre- gated ; corolla scabrous-hairy outside; anthers linear; fruit obovate ; mericarps convex on the back, glabrous, destitute of calycine limb. Has. On the Olifantriver and near Villa Brakfontein, Clanw., Ecklon. (Herb., Sd.) Several feet high. Leaves 6 lines long, 1-1} line broad. Flowers white. Calyx minute, equal. Calyx-lobes longer than the tube. Fruit 1 line long. 17. A. Lichtensteinii (Cruse! Diss. p. 15) ; stem erect, branched ; branches erect, downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, acute, keeled, cili- ated ; stipules simple, ciliated ; flowers hermaphrodite, tetrandrous, axillary, whorled; style very short ; stigmas long, hairy; fruit oblong ; mericarps hairy. ILann. 6, p. 16. E. Z. 2316. Spermacoce ericeefolia, Lichtst. in R. & Sch. syst. veg. 3, p. 281. Has. Sandy places near Capetown and in Hottentottsholland, Lichtenstein, B.§ Z. Drege. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. Sd.) Shrub, 1 or 2 ft., with glabrous, slender, terete branches, naked at the base. In- ternodes about as long as the leaves. Stipules minute. Leaves 2-3 lines long in the axils, with some smaller or equal leaves. Flowers 2-5, verticillate. Calyx with 4 or § short, acute teeth. Limb of corolla longer than the tube. Stigmas long, hairy. Fruit 1} line long; mericarps convex at back, densely clothed with white, short hairs; the commissure a little concave. One of the mericarps is often abortive ; the fertile cell separated from the sterile by a deeply bi-parted spinule. 18. A. Crocyllis (Sond.) ; stem erect; branches spreading, glabrous, minutely downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, obtuse, fleshy, glabrous ; stipules minute, bifid ; flowers hermaphrodite, pentandrous, paniculate; style bifid from the middle, stigmas papillate; fruit (when young) obo- vate ; mericarps hirsute. Crocyllis anthospermoides, E, Meyer. Has. Stony places near Verleptpram on the Garip, Drege; Namaqualand, A. Wyley. Sept. (Herb. Sd., D.) = % At first sight known from A. Lichtensteinii by the white, spreading branches and panicled inflorescence. Seemingly a large shrub. Leaves 3-6 lines long, about 1 line broad, a little convex above, sulcate beneath, solitary or tufted, the ultimate short branches forming a cymose panicle. Flowers 2 lines long ; calyx 5-fid, with acute lobes ; corolla appressed-hairy outside ; tube conical, about as long as the lanceolate lobes. Anthers linear. Ovary didymous, clothed with long, white hairs, 2-celled ; cells t-ovuled. Style glabrous ; the spreading stigmas sub-exserted. Ripe fruit unknown.—Perhaps to be separated from Anthospermum, as a distinct genus ? XXI. CARPACOCE, Sond. Flowers polygamous; hermaphrodite and male on the same plant. Herm. Fl.: Calyx 5-fid; lobes subulate, persistent, equal or 1 longer. Corolla funnel-shaped, tube short, limb 5-parted, lobes spreading, linear- lanceolate, with a reversed tooth above the thick-pointed apex. Stamens 5, inserted in the tube ; filaments capillary; anthers linear-oblong. Ovary cuneate, 2-celled, 2-ovuled. Style very short, terminated by a very long, hairy stigma. J ruwit crowned by the calyx, 2-seeded, didymons, easily separated when ripe ; or 1-seeded by abortion. Seeds obovate or oblong, affixed atthe base. Commissure subconcave. Albumen subcartil- aginous. Male flowers: Calyzx as in the hermaphrodite flower. Corolla . Ambraria. | RUBIACEH (Sond.) 33 tubular, 5-toothed. Stamens 5. Style none.—Anthospermi spec. auct. Small shrubs. Stems branched. Leaves opposite, linear or lanceolate. Stipules adhering to the petioles at the base. Flowers axillary, solitary, bracteated.—Name from xapmos, fruit, and akwxy, a point, in allusion to the fruit being terminated by the calycine point. Calyx-lobes equal, subulate. Fr. 2-seeded. Lvs. linear ...... (1) scabra. Cal.-lobes uneq., 1 much longer. Fr. 1-seeded. Lys. lanceolate (2) spermacocea. 1. C. scabra (Sond.); stems much branched, branches minutely downy at top; leaves opposite, linear, subtrigonal, acuminated, scabrous on the margins and keel; flowers axillary, sessile; fruit crowned by the subulate, calycine limb. Anthospermum scabrum. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 158. Cruse! diss.p.14. H. Z./ n. 2313. Has, Mountains near Capetown, Thunbd., Bergius ; Middelenfontain, Mundt and Maire; Hott.-holld. and Van Stadensbg., EZ. ¢ Z. July—-Sept. (Hb. Th., Sd., D.) Stem very short; branches slender, erect, 1 foot high. Leaves 3-1 inch long, narrow-linear, with a cartilaginous point, ciliolato-scabrous on the margins, aggre- gate at the top of the branches. Calyx-lobes acuminate, nearly 2 lines long. Lobes of corolla 3-4 times longer than the short tube. Fruit quite glabrous, cuneate, about 1 line long and broad, sub-compressed ; the calyx-lobes spreading, longer than the fruit. Seeds obovate, rugose. 2. C. spermacocea (Sond.); stem herbaceous, flexuous, branched, glabrous, but minutely downy at the apex; leaves opposite, lanceolate, with scabrous margins; stipules entire; flowers axillary, solitary, pedi- cellate, glabrous; fruit crowned by the calycine limb. Anthospermum spermacoceum, Reichb. in Spreng. syst. 4, p. 338. Cruse! Linn. 6, p. 17. EH. Z. . 2312. A. foetidum, Eckl. in Herb. Un. itin. n. 30. Lagotis spermacocea, E. Meyer. Has. Cape flats ; Table and Devil’s Mts. ; near Zwellendam, and in Caledon, £. Z. ; Dutoitskloof, Drege. Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 487. Sept.-Oct. (Herb. D., Sd.) Habit of Anthosp. lanceolatum. Stem 1 or more feet high, erect or decumbent, rather angular. Leaves lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, with incurved point, paler beneath. Stipules pilose, cleft into bristles. Peduncles 3-6 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, nearly cylindrical; one of the lobes nearly 3-4 times longer than the others, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate. Tube of corolla short; lobes lanceolate. Fruit conical or subcylindrical, 2-celled, but 1 cell always abortive, minute. XXIL AMBRARIA, Cruse. Flowers dicecious, exactly as in Anthospermum. Capsule indehiscent, pseudo-3-locular, the intermediate cell vacant, the lateral ones 1-seeded, or 4-locular ; 2 of the cells fertile, 1-seeded. Cruse dissert. Rub. Cap. p.16,t.1,£3&4. Nenax,Gertn. de fruct. et sem. pl. 1, p. 165, t. Xxxii. f.7, Small shrubs, with linear leaves and axillary flowers.—Name derived from Cape Ambra? in Madagascar. Fruit glabrous. Leaves linear, ciliate, ternately verticillate .. : (1) glabra. Leaves linear, glabrous, opposite ... 0... +. ++. +++ =» (2) acerosa, Leaves (minute) ovate, acute, glabrous, verticillate ... ... (3) microphylla. Fruit tomentose 23.0 ase eee eee se Ct. «=(4) Hirt 1. A. glabra (Cruse! 1 c. p. 17, t. 1, f. 3) ; stem ascending or sub- erect ; branches quadrangular, glabrous; leaves 6-12 in a whorl, con- VOL. II. 3 34 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) | Rubia nate at base, linear, acute, subtriquetrous, margins and keel ciliated ; fruit obovately subglobose, glabrous. Linnea 6, p. 18. #. Z.! . 2317. Var. B. Tulbaghica ; branches virgate; fruit elliptic-oblong. Var. y. papillata; fruit small, subglobose, papillate. Has. Cape flats; var. 8. near Waterfall, Tulbagh. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. Sd., D.) Stem branched, 1-2 feet high ; young branches reddish, shining. Leaves flat above, keeled beneath, 3-6 lines long, 4-1 line broad. Stipules obtuse, not toothed. Fl. very small, axillary, subverticillate. Calyx 4-, rarely 5-toothed. Fruit 3- or 4- locular, variable in size, usually 2 lines long, subangular, in some specimens only 1 line long, nearly globose ; in var. 8. 24 lines long, obsoletely angular, crowned by the short, acute or obtuse calycine limb. 2. A. acerosa (Sond.) ; stem erect, much branched; branches terete, glabrous ; leaves opposite, linear, subtriquetrous, quite glabrous; fruit elliptical, glabrous. Nenax acerosa, EL. Z. 2319+ Has. Stony places near Tulbaghskloof, Worcester. Sept. #. Z. (Herb. Sd.) An erect greyish shrub, very different in habit from A. glabra. Ultimate branches very short. Leaves spreading, 2-3 lines long, 4 line broad, acute. Male flowers tetrandrous, exactly as in Anthospermum. Female flowers with long, hairy stigmas. Fruit 2 lines long, obsoletely angular, 4-locular, terminated by the nearly obsolete calyx-teeth. 3. A. microphylla (Sond.); stem woody, with short, glabrous, at length subspinous branches ; leaves sessile, whorled, ovate-acute, sub- concave above, nerve-keeled beneath, glabrous; fruit globose, glabrous ; 4-locular. Has. Rocky places; Sandriver, Zeyh. 769. Burke, 506. Jan. (Herb. Sd., D.) _ A dwarf, grey shrub, with numerous short branches. Leaves spreading, recurved, 4-1 line long, fleshy, carinate or concave above, a little scabrous on the margins. Flowers very small, axillary, sessile. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit red, about 1 line in diameter, 4-celled, 2 cells sterile. 4. A. hirta (Cruse! Diss. p. 17, t.1,f2); stem woody, much-branched, densely hairy at top; leaves 3 ina whorl, linear, acute, subtriquetrous, margins and keel ciliated; fruit obovate or subglobose, tomentose, 3—4- locular. Linn. 6, p. 19. #. §& Z. 2318. Var. 8. macrocarpa (E. & Z. 1. c.); leaves longer and fruit larger. Has. Devil’s Mt. near Drieankerbay, Bergius; mts. near Capetown and near the cataract of Worcester, L. § Z.; var. B. on Breederiver, Mundt; Bosjesveld on the Doornriver, Drege. Sept.-Oct. (Herb. D. Sd.) Shrub about 1 foot high. Branches numerous from the base, with short branchlets at top. Leaves much aggregated in the axils of the verticils, 2-3 lines, in var. 8. 3-5 lines long, equalling the internodes. Flowers 3-6, verticillate-spiked. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Corolla funnel-shaped ; lobes ovate-lanceolate, Stamens exserted. Stigmas very long, hairy. Fruit 1-14 lines, in var. 6. 2-2} lines long, obsoletely angular, crowned by the acute, nearly glabrous calycine limb, Drege’s No. 7660, 7661, 7664, 7665 cannot be satisfactorily determined. No. 1144, of which the ripe fruit is wanting, seems to be a very distinct species. XXIII. RUBIA, Linn. Calyx-tube ovyate-globose ; limb 4-toothed. Corolla 4-5-parted, ro- tate. Stamens 4-5, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, nearly globose, baceate, juicy. Zam. ill. t. 60. DU. prod. 4, p. 588. * Galium. | RUBIACEZ (Sond.) 35 Herbs or sub-shrubs. Stems diffuse, much branched, tetragonal. Leaves oppo- site, usually furnished with 1-2, rarely 3-4, stipules on both sides, which are very like the leaves, forming 4-10-leaved whorls. Flowers small, greenish-white or pale- yellow. Berries black, rarely red or white.— Name from ruber, red ; in allusion to the red colour of the roots, which yield the dye called Madder. Leaves petioled, membranaceous, cordate-acuminate ... ... ... (1) cordifolia. Leaves petioled, subcoriaceous, cordate-acute ... ... ... ... ... (2) petiolaris. Leaves sessile, lanceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, coriaceous... (3) peregrina. 1. R. cordifolia (Linn. mant. p. 197); leaves 4 in a whorl, petiolate, cordate-acuminate, 5-nerved, membranous, beset with prickles on the middle nerve, margins, petioles, and angles of stems; panicle longer than the leaves ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous, R. cordifolia, et mun- jista, DC. l. c. p. 588. R. petiolaris, H. Z. n. 2320, ex pte. Drege, 7669. Has. In Caffraria, £. § Z.; Drege. Natal, Drege, Gueinzius, 405, Gerr. ¢ WK. 561, 562, Krauss. Dec. (Herb. D., Sd.) Stem several feet long. Larger leaves 1-14 inch long, 7-1 inch broad, not cori- aceous, much veined. Panicle 3-4 inches long, trichotomous. Lobes of corolla ovate-acuminate. Berries black. 2. R. petiolaris (DC. 1. c. p. 588) ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, petiolate, cordate, acute, 3-nerved, or the upper ones oblong-lanceolate, I-nerved, rather coriaceous, beset with prickles on the middle nerve, margins, pe- tioles and angles of stem; panicle abbreviate ; flowers tetramerous or pentamerous, Var. a. isophylla; all the leaves cordate-acute. R. cordifolia, Thunb. / fl. cap. p. 151, non Lin. Zeyh. n. 2721. R. petiolaris, E. Z. ex pte. Var. 8. heterophylla; lower leaves cordate, upper ones oblong-lanceolate or lan- ceolate. R. petiolaris, DC. l. C. Has. Among shrubs on the sea shore near Algoa Bay, Port Elizabeth, and at the mouth of the Vanstadensrivier, Thunb. E. § Z. Drege. Dec. Var. B. on the great Vetriver, Burke § Zeyh. 774. March. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd. Stem ascending, about 1 foot—in Var. B. apparently 2 feet and more high, much branched, Leaves serrato-scabrous, 4—6 lines long, 3~5 lines broad, the upper ones in var. 8B. 3-1 inch long, 1-1} lines broad. Petioles the length of the leaves or longer, tetragonal. Panicle mostly few-flowered, in var. 8. more ; the Ls ga us, spreading. Flowers as in R. cordifolia. Berries black. —It is from the by much smaller, coriaceous, not wringer waat avis and a different habit. 3. RB. peregrina (Lin. Spec. p. 158) ; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, perma- nent, sessile, /anceolate or elliptic-lanceolate, 1-nerved, veinless, shining above, smooth, but scabrous from hooked prickles on the margins and along ‘the angles of the stem; peduncles axillary, 3-chotomous. ngl. Bot. t. 851. R. anglica, Huds. R. lucida, Linn. R. levis, Thunb. A. cap. p. 151. R. lucida, var. 8. herb. Thunb. Has. Cape, Thunbderg. (Introduced from Europe.) XXIV. GALIUM, Scop. Calyx with an ovate-globose or oblong tube, and hardly any limb. Corolla 4-parted, rotate, rarely 3-parted. Stamens 4, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit didymous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, compone of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded mericarps. DC. prodr. 4, p. 593. 5 36 RUBIACEH (Sond.) [Galium. Branched herbs. Leaves forming whorls along with the leaf-like stipules. In- florescence variable. Name from ‘yada, milk; some species are used for curdling milks. 1, Annual (a weed of cultivation) ... ... ... ... ... ... (10) Aparine, 2, Perennials. Fruit glabrous, granulated Pedicels very long, villous ... ... ... .. ... «. (13) tomentosum. Pedicels short. quite glabrous... (11) glabrum. branches and peduncles densely hairy ...... (12) asperum. Fruit smooth, glabrous or hairy, hairs not hooked. Stem or branches smooth or hispid, not prickly. Flowers solitary, subsessile ... 2... 1... 0... Flowers peduncled. Stem and lanceolate lvs. villous; fruit glabrous (2) monticolum. Stem, lin-lanceolate leaves and fr. glabrous (or GOWDY) nn, one es nee tee nee tee’ eee GB) Capen. Stem, oblong lvs., pedicels and fruit densely hairy (9) Stem, lanc. lvs. and fr. hairy; pedicels glabrous (8) Dregeanum. Stem or branches scabrous or serrated by reflex prickles. : Leaves linear, subtriquetrous ; flowers panicled (6) horridum. Leaves lanceolate ; peduncles solitary, 2-flowered (7) mucronifernm. Fruit hispid, with hooked hairs or bristles. Leaves linear : (1) Amatymbicum, Stem eréet; downy = 2 tees = (4) Wittbergense. Stem climbing, weak, glabrous ... ... --. +. (5) Garipense. Leaves roundish-ovate ... 0. ss. ++ ++ (14) rotundifolium. 1. G. Amatymbicum (E. & Z.! n. 2328); whole plant hispid; stems cxspitose, diffuse, filiform, 4-sided, much branched ; leaves 6 ina whorl, lanceolate, acute; peduncles axillary, solitary, very short; fruit hispid. Has. Acacia fields near the Key R., Tambukiland, #. 4 Z. Dec. (Hb. D., Sd.) A small prostrate herb, with the habit of G. helveticum. Leaves 2-3 lines long, acute at both ends, ciliate-hairy. Peduncle 3 line long, in fruit recurved. Flowers white. Fr. densely hispid, 4 line in diameter. 2. G. monticolum (Sond.); stem erect, branched, 4-sided, villous ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, mucronate, nearly terete by the revolute margins, villous on both sides; peduncles axillary and terminal, 1- or few- flowered ; corollas and fruit glabrous. Has. Mountains near Capetown, Ecklon. (Herb. Sd.) Habit of G. maritimum, L., and agreeing in the pubescence and leaves, but differing by glabrous pedicels, fl., and fr. ; branches 2 inches long, with very short lateral branchlets, bearing the flowers. Leaves 3~4 lines long, reflexed, with incurved tips. Fl. very small, pedicels 1 line long. 3. G. Capense (Thunb.! Prod. p. 30); stem ascending or erect, downy or subscabrous, branched ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceo- late or linear, mucronate, quite glabrous, rarely ciliolate on the revolute margins ; peduncles lateral, 1-3-flowered ; floriferous branches panicled ; fruit glabrous, smooth, or a little downy. G. expansum, E. Z., 2326, ex pte., H, Mey. in herb. Dreg. Vaz. 8. minus; stems ascending, short, weak. G. mucronatum, Thunb./ I. ¢. Zeyh. 773, ex pte. ; Vas. y. expansum; stem glabrous, downy or subscabrous ; panicle larger ; fruit glabrous or a little downy. _G. expansum, Thunb,! ke ok Za Prag mucronatum, E. Z. 2327. Drege, 7675, 7678, 7680, 7681, 7685. Zeyh. 1773, ex pte. Galiwm.| RUBIACEE (Sond.) 37 Var. 8. setabrum; stem, branches and leaves scabrous-hairy ; fruit a little downy. G. Namaquense, E. Z.! 2322. Drege, 7682, 7683. Hak. Sandy spots, and on mts. throughout the colony. Var. 3. high mts, near Heerelogement, Clanw., #. § Z., Drege. Sept—Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.) Polymorphous ; var. a. resembling @, sawatile, var. B. G. uliginoswm. Stems from 4-2 feet high, often numerous from the perennial roots ; sometimes terete at the very base, but usually 4-sided as well as the mostly simple branches. Leaves 4-6 lines long, about 4 line broad, spreading or reflexed. The axillary inflorescence longer than the leaves, Flowers white. Fruit very small. 4. G. Wittbergense (Sond.); stem erect; branches spreading, downy; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, erect-spreading, linear, mucronate, glabrous, ciliate-scabrous on the revolute margins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, cymose-tripartite; cyme equalling the leaves; fruit hispid, with hooked hairs. Has. Rocky, wet places in the Wittbergen, 6-7o00 ft. Jan. Drege. (Herb. Sd.) Very like G. Capense; differing by cymose peduncle and hispid fruit. Lower branches } foot long. Leaves 5-6 lines long, with a longish mucro, peduncle at the apex 3-parted, bracteated, the pedicels bifid. Fruit very small, didymous. 5. G. Garipense (Sond.); stem climbing, much-branched, 4-sided, as well as the branches quite glabrous, smooth or a little scabrous from scattered, reversed, minute prickles; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, much spreading or reflexed, linear, mucronate, glabrous; peduncles axillary, solitary, cymose-tripartite, 2-3 times longer than the leaves; fruit hispid with hooked hairs. Has. On the Garip near Buffelvallei, 4000 ft. Dec. Drege; Buffaloeriver, Gerr. § M‘K. (Herb. D., Sd.) Habit of G. wliginosum ; prickles on the stem and branches very minute, sometimes wanting. Leaves shorter than the internodes, 3-4 lines long, 4 line broad. Peduncles and divaricate pedicels with 1 or 2 leafy bracts. Fruit as in the preceding, from which this species is distinguished by the more diffuse habit, glabrous, often prickly stem, smaller spreading or reflexed smooth leaves, and longer cymes, 6. G. horridum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, 4—6-sided, prickly along the angles ; leaves 8 or more in a whorl, elongated-linear, subtriquetous, reflexed, serrated from reversed prickles on the margius and keel ; panicle axillary, elongate, trichotomous ; fruit glabrous. Has. Cape, Massonin herb. Thunb.; Port Natal, Gerr. § M‘K.1339; Magalisberg, Dec. Zeyh. 771. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.) Like G. Aparine, but is a stronger perennial herb, armed by larger prickles, and easily known by the long 3-angled leaves. Stem at the base nearly as thick as a ’s quill. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 1-1} line broad, channelled above, sharply keeled beneath. Panicle in our specimens 2~4 inches long ; the flower bearing pedicels 1-2 lines long. Flowers glabrous. Ripe fruit didymous, about 14 line in diameter. 7. G. mucroniferum (Sond.); stem erect or ascending, 4-sided, glabrous, prickled on the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, lanceolate, with a longish muero, prickly along the margins, shining ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 2-flowered; pedicels as long as the peduncle, and fruit glabrous, G. mucronatum, E. Mey. non Thunb. Drege, 7677, 7684, 7686, 7689. Has. Wet rocky places, near Gnadenthal, Dutoitskloof, Drege; in Caffraria, E. Z. Oct._Jan. (Herb. D., Sd.) f Stems 4~1} foot, minutely prickled. Internodes as long or longer than the leaves, | a 38 RUBIACEZ (Sond.) [Galvwm. shining. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1 line broad, with recurved prickles on margins and middle nerve. Pedune. and pedicels capillary, bracteated at the division. Flowers glabrous. Ripe fruit the size of a small peppercorn, shining; one of the mericarps often abortive. It varies with downy ovaries. §. G. Dregeanum (Sond.); stem erect, 4-sided, densely beset with spreading hairs, at length subscabrous; leaves 8 in a whorl, linear- lanceolate, mucronate, ciliate-hairy on both sides, with revolute margins; peduncles axillary, solitary, 2-flowered ; pedicels about as long as the peduncles, glabrous ; fruit hispidulous. Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege, 7688. (Herb. D., Sd.) Very similar to G. mucroniferum, but more robust, and well distinguished by the hirsute stem and hairy, more revolute, leaves. Peduncles as long as the leaves or longer. Fruit didymous. 9. G. subvillosum (Sond.) ; stem ascending, 4-sided, densely beset with short, spreading hairs, subscabrous when old; leaves 6 in a whorl, oblong, obtuse, mucronate, ciliate-hairy on both sides, with recurved margins ; peduncles axillary, solitary, 3-flowered ; pedicels as long as the peduncle or shorter, hairy, as well as the young fruit. Has. Dutoitskloof, 1-2000 ft. Oct.Jan. Drege, 7687. (Herb. Sd.) Of this I have only seen a single specimen. It resembles exactly @. villosum, Lam. Leaves 3 lines long, 1 line broad, with short recurved mucro, peduncles equal- ling the leaves, sometimes longer, with a leafy bract at top; pedicels 2-6 lines long, spreading, hairy. Ripe fruit unknown. 10, G. Aparine (L. Spec. p. 157) ; annual; stems weak, 4-sided, sca- brous from reversed prickles ; leaves 6-8 in a whorl, linear-lanceolate, apiculate, r-nerved, scabrous from reversed prickles along the margins and keel; peduncles axillary, simple and bifid, sometimes panicled, scabrous ; fruit didymously globose, very hispid from hooked bristles. Engl. bot. 816. G. horridum, E. Z.! 2329, non Thunb. Drege, 7670, 7673. “eyh. 2722, 2723, 2724. Has. Shady places near Capetown, and throughout the Colony. Sept.—Oct. (Herb. Sd., D.) “Common cleavers” or “ goose-grass.” Stem climbing, villous or scabrous at the nodes, Leaves sometimes larger, obovate-lanceolate. Fl. white or greenish. The small specimens from Hassaquaskloof, Zeyh. 2722, agree perfectly with G. tenerum, Schleich. from Switzerland. (Probably introduced from Europe. | 11. G. glabrum (Thunb.! FI. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, flexuous, te- tragonal, glabrous, prickly along the angles; leaves 6 in a whorl, obo- vate-oblong, shortly-pointed, glabrous, serrated by reversed prickles along the margin ; peduncles capillary, glabrous, terminal and lateral, panicled. #.Z./ 2325. G. uncinatum, Licht. Bart.et Wendl. Beyt.2, p.12. Has. In woods, Duyvelsbosch and Voormannsbosch, near Puspas valley, Swell., E. § Z.; Buffeljagdrivier, Zeyh. 2725. Oct. (Herb. Thunb., Sd.) Stem 2 ft. and more, alternately branched, resembling G. sylvaticum, L. Leaves 8-12 lines long, 4 lines broad, minutely punctate, obtuse, with short mucro-like point. Peduncles longer than the leaves. Fl. small, white. Fr. 1 line long, densely granulated. _ 12. G. asperum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 152); stem erect, flexuous, 4- sided, as well as the branches and peduncles, densely clothed with white VALERIANE (Sond.) 39 hairs, the old stems sub-glabrous and scabrous along the angles ; leaves 6 in a whorl, obovate-oblong, mucronate, glabrous, serrated by reversed prickles on the margins; peduncles capillary, terminal and lateral, dis- posed in a panicle ; pedicels 2-4 times longer than the flower. E. Z.! 2323. G. tomentosum, E. Meyer, var. Has. Among shrubs in Stellenbosch, Worcester, Swellendam, and Uitenhage, Thunb. E. § Z.; Drege, 7671, 7672; Namaqualand, 4. Wyley. Oct.Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.) Nearly intermediate between G. glabrum and the following, differing from the first by the densely hairy branches and panicle, from G@. tomentosum by the short pedicels. In some of the larger specimens the lower part is quite glabrous, but the branches and peduncles are clothed with short, usually reversed hairs, Flowers glabrous, white. Fruit as in @. glabrum. 13. G. tomentosum (Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 151); stem climbing, 4- sided, much branched, with the angles scabrous, hairy, or glabrous and prickled ; upper branches densely clothed with white hairs; leaves 4-6 in a whorl, obovate, or obovate-oblong, glabrous, prickled on the mar- gins; peduncles dichotomous, capillary, villous, forming a large panicle; pedicels elongated, 10~20 times a than the flower. E.Z.! 2324. G. maritinum, Thunb. Prodr., not of Linn. G. asperum, var. B. villosum, E. Z. 2323. Zeyh. 2720. : Has. Among shrubs, through the colony. Oct—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., D., Sd.) Well distinguished by the long (1 inch and more) villous pedicels. Leaves smaller than in G. asperum, 5-6 lines long, 2 lines broad. Fl. glabrous. Fr. 1 line in diam. 14. G. rotundifolium (Linn. Spec. p. 156); stem diffuse, glabrous or hispid; leaves 4 in a whorl, roundish-ovate, 3-nerved, ciliated ; pedun- cles axillary and terminal, loose, elongated, naked, trichotomous at the apex ; fruit nearly globose, beset with hooked bristles. Boece. Sic. t. 6, f. 1. Jacg. Astr.t.94. G. Thunbergianum, E. Z, 2321. Var. 8. hirsutum; stems, leaves, and peduncles densely hairy. G. rotundifolium, Thunb. fl. aap. p. 153. Has. Mountains; Katriviersberg, 2. ¢ Z.; Dornkop near Vetrivier, Zeyh. 772. Natal, Gerr. ¢ MWK. 1338. Var. 8. Masson in herb. Thunb. Feb.-March. (Herb. pa rong abun Ge Sbicedh, + Sook high glabrous or hispid ee ie 7 : 0; . ves long, 3-5 lines broad. Fl. white Set, «5: ¥ aatehind cay diftcalie bateroen the South African and European plants. , : Orper LXXIV. VALERIANEZ, DC. (By W. Sonper). Flowers mostly bisexual. Calyx-tube adnate ; limb 3-4-toothed, often enlarged after flowering. Corolla epigynous, tubular, usually 5-, rarely 3—4-lobed, subunequal, the lobes obtuse, imbricate in bud. Stamens 1- 5, inserted in the tube, alternate with the lobes of the corolla; anthers separate, 2-celled, introrse. Ovary inferior, 1-3-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous ; style filiform. Frwt dry (like an achene), crowned with the often enlarged calyx-limb, 1-3-celled ; 2 cells abortive. Seed pen- dulous. Embryo straight, without albumen. 40 VALERIANE (Sond.) [ Valerianella. Herbaceous, rarely half-shrubby plants, with opposite, often cut or pinnatisect, exstipulate leaves. Flowers in cymes or fascicles, or solitary in the forks of the branches, small, A small Order, chiefly from the temperate zones of both hemi- spheres ; abundant in the Andean region of South America. TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. I. Valerianella,—Calyx small, unequally toothed, crowning the fruit. TI. Valeriana.—Calyx a thickened margin, crowning the ovary, at length unfold- ing into a feathery pappus. I. VALERIANELLA, Poll. Limb of calyx toothed. Corolla regular, 5-lobed. Stamens 3. Stigma almost undivided, or trifid. Frwit 3-celled, rather membranous, gene- rally 2 of the cells fertile. Pollich palat. 1, 29. Endl. gen. 2181. Annuals, Stems dichotomous at the top. Leaves oblong or linear, undivided or toothed, or the upper ones pinnatifid. Flowers solitary in the forks, or in fascicles or corymbs, bracteate, small, white, rarely rose-coloured.—Name, a diminution of Valeriana. * 1, V. eriocarpa (Desv. Journ. Bot. 2, p. 314, t. 11, f. 2)’; fruit ovate, obsoletely ribbed, convex at back, and flattish in front ; limb of calyx as broad as the fruit, campanulate, obliquely truncate, reticulate-veined, minutely 6-8-toothed ; flowers densely corymbose. Koch, Syn. ed. 2, 372. Reichb, won. fl. germ. 1406, t. 713. Fedia campanulata, Presl, sic. 11, Has. Near Grootvadersbosch, Oct. Zeyh. 2726. (Herb. Sd.) 4 inches to 1 foot high, downy; branches spreading. Leaves spathulate, entire. Corymbs nearly capitate. Flowers very small. Limb of calyx erect. Fruit hispid, or glabrous at the base. The 2 abortive cells in the front of the fruit form 2 project- ing lines or ribs; the perfect cell is terminated by the broad, acute tooth. II, VALERIANA, Linn. : Limb of calyx involute at the time of flowering, but at length un- folding into a deciduous pappus, composed of many plumose bristles. Corolla monopetalous, 5-cleft, gibbous at the base. Stamens 3. Fruit 1-celled and 1-seeded at maturity. JL. gen. 44. DC. prod. 4, p. 632. Endl. gen. 2186. Herbs or sub-shrubs, Leaves variable even in the same plant. Flowers corym- bose, capitate or panicled, white, rarely blue, rose-coloured or yellow.—Name from valere, to be powerful, on account of the medical virtues of V. officinalis, _ 1. V.Capensis (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 33); stem erect, striated; leaves imparipinnate; leaflets opposite or alternate, ovate, acute, toothed, the terminal one largest ; corymb panicled ; flowers triandrous. E. Z. 2330. Has. In kloofs and moist valleys ; distr. of Cape, itenhage and in Caffraria. Dec—Feb. (Herb. D, Sd) are ey Habit of Vz officinalis. Stem 2-3 feet high, glabrous or hairy on the joints. Leaves with 4-8 pairs of glabrous or pilose leaflets, the odd one ovate or acuminate, 1 inch or more long, the lateral ones gradually smaller. Lower leaves on long foot- stalks, upper ones sessile and with narrower leaflets. Panicle, flowers, and fruit as in V, officinalis, Cephalaria. | DIPSACEEH (Sond.) 41 Orper LXXV. DIPSACEA, Vaill. (By W. Sonver). Flowers perfect, crowded in heads, on a common receptacle, surrounded by a general involucre ; each flower also seated in a calyx-like, dry, persistent involucel. Calyx-tube adnate; limb cup-like, subentire or split into several naked or feathery bristles, often enlarged after flower- ing. Corolia epigynous, tubular; limb oblique, somewhat 2-lipped, 4-5-lobed, imbricate in bud. Stamens 4, inserted in the tube, alternate with the lobes of the corolla, two mostly longer ; filaments exserted ; anthers 2-celled, introrse. Ovary inferior, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, pendulous; style filiform; stigma simple. rwéta dry utricle, crowned by the enlarged, persistent calyx-limb, and enclosed in the cup-like involucel. Seed pendulous. Hmbryo straight, in the axis of fleshy albumen. Herbs or rarely suffrutices, with opposite or whorled, simple, often pinnatisect or lyrate, exstipulate leaves. Pubescence mostly copious, rough or silky. A small Order, chiefly from the warmer parts of the temperate zones; abundant in the Mediterranean region. The type of the Order is Dipsacus, the ‘‘ Teasle,” whose old and prickly flower-heads are used in carding wool. TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. i I. Cephalaria.—Jnv. scales imbricate in several rows, shorter than the pale. Calyx-limb cup-like or discoid. IT. Scabiosa.—Znv. scales sub-biseriate. Calyz-limb crowned with 5 bristles. 747 : I. CEPHALARIA, Schrad. Involucre of many imbricated leaves, shorter than the pale. Invo- lucel 4-angled, 8-furrowed, terminated by a 4-8-toothed crown. Limb of calyx rather cup-shaped or discoid. Corolla 4-cleft. Stamens 4. Fruit tetragonal, crowned by the limb of calyx and the involucel. Schrad. Catal. Sem. Hort. Goett. 1814. Scabiosee, spec. Linn, et others. Endl. Gen. n. 2192. ; : Perennial herbs. Leaves toothed or pinnatifid, rarely entire. Heads of flowers terminal, globose ; palee imbricated, outer ones sterile. Corollas white, cream- si or lilac. Name from kepady, a head, the flowers are disposed in round Lys. linear, quite entire ... 2... 0 .0. 1. ses see eee eee (1) Lavandulacen. Lys. oval-oblong, serrated ... ... eet nes wee wee ee (2) Tigi. Lys, elongate-lanceolate, 3-fid or pinnate; lobes quite entire (3) attenuata, Lvs. lyrately-pinnatifid or inciso-serrate; lobes toothed ; stem Rob ADE os ka a a, ee Lys. pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ; lobes linear, incised; stem "28 1. C. lavandulacea (Sond.); glabrous ; stem terete ; leaves linear ; I-nerved, quite entire, with revolute margins ; peduncle elongate ; heads subglobose ; scales of inyolucre ovate, obtuse, ciliate; palee acute ; flowers pubescent, 4-fid. Has. Houhoeksbergen, Stellenbosch., 1000-3000 ft. July. E ¢Z. (Herb. Sd.) Plant 1 foot or more high, erect or ascending. Leaves sessile, approximate, 42 DIPSACEZ (Sond.) [ Cephalaria. times longer than the internodes, 1-14 inch long, 1 line broad; middle nerve im- pressed on the upper side. Peduncle 3-4 inches. Head of flowers as large as a hazel nut. Involucre of about to scales, Corollas equal, white? or pale rose-coloured, nearly 4 inch long, downy outwards, lobes ovate, a little shorter than the tube. Fruit unknown. Habit of Lavandula ( Lavender ). 2. C. rigida (Schrad. 1. c.); stem terete; branches elongate ; leaves rigid, ovate-oblong, serrated, often eared at base, upper ones lanceolate ; heads nearly globose ; scales ovate, obtuse, ciliated, appressed-pubescent, at length glabrous. Scabiosa rigida, L. Mant. p. 328. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 143. Sieb. Fl. Cap. exs. 252. Ceph. rigida et scabra, EB. Z.! 2331, 2332: Herb. Un. Itin. 727. Commel, Hort. Amstel. t. 93. Var. a. glabra; quite glabrous. Var. f. seabra; scabrous with short, rigid hairs. Has. Mts, near Capetown, andin Hottentottsholland ; Natal, Krauss. Dec.—Feb: (Herb. Th., Sd., D.) Stem 2-3 ft. high ; branches elongate, opposite, leafless in the upper part; lower lvs. close, 14-3 in. long, }~-1 in. broad, upper ones smaller, lanceolate, with revolute margins. Heads the size of a walnut. Flowers white, downy outside, 4-fid; lobes ovate, twice shorter than the tube. Fruit quadrangular, cuneate, silky-pubescent. 3. C. attenuata (R. & Sch. Syst. Veg. ITT. p. 44); stem striated or angular; leaves oblong, lanceolate or sublinear, entire, trifid or pinnati- fid; lobes divergent, quite entire; heads globose; scales obtuse, villous ; palez acute. Var. a. leaves oblong, glabrous or hairy, with ciliate margins ; cauline ones entire or pi ifid peta Lar C. decurrens, E. Z.! 2333. C.ustulata, E. Mey. and 9554, Herb. Drege. S. rigida, Krauss, Herb. 320. Var. 8. glabrous; leaves elongate-lanceolate, attenuated at both ends, entire or pinnatifid at the base, lobes spreading, acute, quite entire; cauline leaves entire or more or less pinnatifid. Scab. attenuata, Lin. fil. Suppl. 118. Willd, Spec. 1, 546. S. trifida, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 144. Zeyh. 2333. Ceph. attenuata, E. § Z.! 3234. C. longi- folia, E. Mey. Var. y. glabrous or hairy; lower leaves pinnatifid; lobes decurrent, linear, acute, diverging, quite entire; cauline leaves entire or pinnatifid. Scab. decurrens, Thunb. l.c. Se. humilis, Thunb. 1. c. Ceph. decurrens, R. § Schult. C. attenuata, LE. Z. ex pte. Has. Wet places and grassy hills ; var. a. in Keiskamma, between Stadesmountains and Krakakamma, near Grahamstown, and Port Natal; var. 8. in distr. Uitenhage, George and Port Natal; var. y. Albany. Dec.-Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Sd., D.) Stem 1-2 feet. Branches angle-furrowed, leafless or nearly so. Petioles of the radical leaves 1 inch-1 foot long. Leaves in var. a. about 2 inches long, }~1 inch broad, in var. 6 sometimes 1 foot long, 4 lines-14 inch broad, coriaceous; rhachis and lobes of var. y 2-3 lines broad. Lower stem leaves sessile, attenuate at the base. Heads as large as a small walnut, or smaller. Scales and palew purplish or blackish at the apex. 4, C. ustulata (R. & Sch. Lc p. 43); glabrous or hairy; stem striately angular; lvs. lyrate-pinnatifid or serrate-incised, lobes toothed ; heads globose ; scales villous, obtuse ; inner palex acute. Var. a, glabrous ; stem branched ; lower leaves lyrate-pinnatifid ; lobes ovate toothed ; scales and palez purplish at the apex. Scab. ustulata, Th. Fl. Cap. 144- Van. 8, pilosa ; stem simple ; lower leaves serrate or lyrate-incised at the base ; lobes serrate ; upper leaves pinnatifid. Scabiosa. | DIPSACEA (Sond.) 43 Has. Var. a, Bocklandsberg, Nov.—Dec., Thunb.; var. 8. Caledonriver and Ma- galisberg, and stony places near Commissiepoort, Zey. 779. (Herb, Th., D., Sd.) Stem 1-2 feet. Radical leaves petiolate, in var. a, nearly 6 inches long, 14-2 inches broad ; lobes decurrent, upper ones larger, the terminal ovate, incised-toothed ; in var. 8, 3-4 inches long, 6-9 lines broad, sharply-toothed or pinnately-incised ; lobes ovate-oblong. Heads nearly the same as in the preceding, subglobose in var. 8, with more downy but not sphacelate apex. Corolla pubescent. : 5. C. seabra (R. & Sch. 1c. 44); stem erect, terete, rigid, branched, as well as the leaves scabrous-hairy; leaves stiff, pinnatifid or bipinna- tifid ; lobes linear, dentately-cut, acute, with revolute margins ; scales villous, obtuse ; palese acute. Se. scabra, Th. ! Cap. 144. Linn. f. Sup. 118, Has. Hills near Zoetemelksvalley, Thunb.; Winterhoeksberg, 1000-2000 feet, Drege. Jan—Feb. (Herb. Th., D., Sd.) Plant 2-3 feet high; branches elongated, rigid. Leaves sessile, 2 inches long, lobes about 4-6 lines long, as well as the rhachis, 1, rarely 2, lines broad. Heads the size of small walnuts. Flowers pubescent, white. II. SCABIOSA, Linn. Involucre of many leaves, nearly biseriate. Receptacle chaffy. Invo- lucels usually cylindrical, with 8 foveole, terminated by a campanulate or rotate, scarious limb. Jimé of calyx tapering into a neck at the base, and ending in 5-awned bristles, or 1-4 by abortion. Corolla 4~5-cleft. Stamens 4. Roem. et Schult. Syst. ITI. 2. Asterocephalus, Vaill. Endl. Gen. 2195. Perennial or suffruticose herbs. Leaves variable. Heads of flowers depressed. Outer flowers of heads usually radiant. Name from scabies, the itch; which disorder the common sort is said to cure. Stem herbaceous; lvs. lyrately-pinnatifid or bipinnatifid ... (£) Columbaria. Stem herbaceous; Ivs. obovate or obovate-oblong, irregularly toothed —... (2) Africana, Stem suffruticose; Ivs. spathulate, serrato-dentate at the apex (3) Buekiana. 1. S. Columbaria (Lin. Spec. p. 143) ; stem branched, smoothish ; [iy radical leaves petiolate, spathulate, crenate or inciso-serrate, hairy ons Scand both surfaces ; cauline leaves pinnate-parted, with flat, linear lobes o1 ay undivided; peduncles elongated, 2~3-fid; corollas radiant, 5—fid, rarely f¢ © 4-fid; heads of fruit ovate-globose; crown 20-nerved, one-half shorter than the tube; bristles of calyx 5, 2-4 times longer than the crown. Engl. Bot.t.1311. Reichb. Pl. Crit. 4, t.354. #. Z.! 2338. S.acaulis, ma- ritima et ochroleuca, Thund.! Fl. Cap. t45. . 8S. Africana, E. Z., Thunb. Herb, S. pallida, HZ. M.c. Herb. Un. Itin. 725. Zey. 778, 2727, 2728, 2729. Var. 8. dissecta; glabrous or downy; lower leaves lyrate, unequally and bluntly serrated ; upper ones 2~3-pinnatifid ; lobes linear, incised. S. laciniata, Licht. R.G Sch. 3, 87. E.Z.2339. 8S. anthemifolia, E.Z. 2337. S. pallida, E. Mey. excl. e. 8. ochro- leuca, 8. Thunb. Hb. Hb. Un. Itin. 726. Drege, 9852. Zey. 2730 et 2731. Van. y. elata; stem elongated, thick, fistulose ; radical leaves on long petioles, pinnati-partite ; lobes cuneiform. S. crassicaulis, E. Mey. S. columbaria, Hb. E.Z. expt. Var. 6. simplicior; glabrous; radical leaves on elongated petioles, lanceolate, entire or toothed or pinnatifid, with a few, distant, much-spreading, linear-cuneate, entire lobes, the terminal oblong, acute; cauline leaves linear; heads smaller. Drege, 9553. Has. Sandy places throughout whole colony, at Natal, and in Namaqualand, 44 ‘COMPOSITE (Harv.) Magalisberg, Zey. 776; var. B. dist. of Cape, Swellendam, Uitenhage, and Albany ;. Walwekop, Zey. 775; var.y. Nieuweveldsbergen near Beaufort, 3-5000ft. Drege, v. 5, A very polymorphous plant. Flowers blue, violet or purplish, and white according “yy. to Thunberg. » 2, S, Africana (Lin. Spec. 145); whole plant wl/ous or pubescent; stem herbaceous, erect, terete or subangular at the base, branched; leaves obovate or obovate-oblong, eroso-dentate or lyrato-pinnatifid at the base ; upper leaves much smaller, undivided or pinnatifid ; peduncles elongated; heads of fruit globose; corollas radiant, 5-fid; crown 20-24- nerved ; bristles of calyx 5, twice longer than the crown. Zhunb.! L1. Cap. 145. Herrm. Parad, t.219. Herb. Un. Itin. 724. Coult. Dips. 37, t 2,f:12. EB. Z.2335. S. indurata, Lin, Mant. 196. S. altissima, Jacq. Hort. Vind. t. 185. S. maritima, E. Mey. Has. Hills near Capetown, Capeflats, &c. Jul.-Oct. (Herb. Th., Sd., D.) Remarkable for its large leaves, which are 4—6 inches long, 1-2 inches broad, and clothed with soft and short tomentum ; the lower ones aggregated, irregularly-toothed or incised at the narrowed base. Heads about the size of a walnut. Leaves of involucre lanceolate, silky, shorter than the pubescent corolla. Crown equalling the pubescent fruit, or a little shorter. 3. §. Buekiana (E. Z.! 2336); whole plant clothed with appressed silky hairs; stem suffruticose, branched and leafy at the base; leaves sessile, lyrately- or cuneate-spathulate, serrato-dentate from the middle, quite entire at the base; peduncles elongated ; heads of fruit subglobose ; corollas radiant, 5-fid; crown about 20-nerved; bristles of calyx 5, 2-3-times longer than the crown. S. tomentosa, L. Mey. ; Var. 8. virescens; tomentum greenish; heads often smaller. Var. y. angustiloba; leaves pinnatifid; lobes lanceolate. Has. Grassy hills near Olifantshoek on Bosjesmansriver, Uitenh., Sept., #. Z.; near Salomonstown, May, Zey. 2732; var. 8. in Caffraria, Eck. Herb., T’. Cooper, 303; var. y. near Grahamstown and Glenfilling, Dec., Drege. (Herb. Sd., D.) Stem short, but branches 1 foot and more high. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 6-8 lines broad, obovate-cuneated, bluntly-toothed or serrated, or in var. y. deeply-pinnatifid ; lobes about 4 lines long, 1 line broad. Heads nearly asin S. columbaria. Peduncles 1 foot long. Leaves of involucre lanceolate, twice shorter than the radiant outer flowers. Lobes of the pubescent corolla twice shorter than the tube. Fruit and involucel as in S. columbaria; but the bristles are generally somewhat shorter. Orper LXXVI. COMPOSITA, Juss. (By W. H. Harvey). Flowers (of minute size) arranged in heads (capitula) on a general receptacle, surrounded by an involucre, composed of several, separate or cohering, dry and membranous or green and leaf-like, scales, The heads are either many- or few-flowered, or one-flowered ; separate, OF aggregated into compound clusters called glomerules, Flowers sessile on a disc-like, flat or convex, receptacle. Calyx-tube adhering to the ovary; limb (called pappus) either obsolete, annular or ring-like, coront- form, toothed, sealy, bristle-shaped or feathery, usually enlarged as the ovary swells, and more or less persistent. Corolla epigynous, tubular, COMPOSIT# (Hary.) 3 45 either regular and 4—5-toothed, or uni-labiate and strap-shaped (ligulate), or rarely bi-labiate. Stamens inserted in the tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes; anthers united by their edges into a tube, surrounding the style. Ovary with a single, erect ovule; style filiform, forked in the fertile flowers ; simple in the abortive. Fruit a dry, small nut or achene; seed without albumen. : This Order, synonymous with Linneus’s 19th class, Syngenesia, is by much the largest in the vegetable kingdom, comprising over 1,000 genera and perhaps 13,000 species, of which numerous examples may be found in most countries. In 8. Africa their number is considerably over 1,500, and easily found examples are Aster, Chrysocoma, Helichrysum (or Everlasting), Senecio (grounsel), Osteospermum, Gazania, - Cryptosiemma, Sonchus (sow-thistle), &c. But conspicuous as are the flowers of these and kindred plants, a little examination shows that each apparent “flower” is in reality an injlorescence made up of a multitude of small flowers, each perfect in itself, arranged on a common platform or disc (receptacle) surrounded by numerous involucral scales. To understand the structure, which is general throughout this Order, the student should take some common example,—which may be picked up on any roadside or in any waste ground,—make a vertical section through the centre of one of the “flowers” (properly flower-heads or capitula), and compare what he will there find with the above diagnosis. In order further to assist him, I shall now briefly explain some of the terms used in the following descriptions. Each capitulum or flower-head is composed of an involucre or outside covering, resembling a calyx ; a receptacle on which the flowers stand ; and the flowers themselves. Involucre.—The small, leafy or scale-like parts of which the involucre is composed are called its scales (‘‘ scales of the involucre”). These may be in one, or in several rows, separate or cohering into a tube, and are of various textures and forms. In some genera, as in Senecio, there are frequently a number of smaller scales at the base of the proper involucre, which form a sort of supplementary or external involucre ; this is called a calyculus, and the scales which compose it, for distinction sake, are called its bracteoles, Involucres which have a calyculus are said to be calycled. Receptacle—The receptacle is the summit of the flower-stalk, and is usually flat- tened out into a disc, which may be either nearly fiat, hemispherical, or conical. In a flower-head which has gone to seed it is usually exposed, from the opening out or deflection of the involucral scales, The receptacle is said to be nude, when its surface is bare, with bald interspaces between the scars left by the fallen flowers ; when it is minutely-pitted, like honeycomb; and fimbriate or fimbril- liferous, when the margins or walls of the honeycomb-cells are jagged or fringed. In some cases (as in Geigeria, and in the section ‘“‘ Lepicline” of Helichrysum) the fringes or fimbrils are separate, and resemble teeth or scales. Such must not be confounded with the true scales of the receptacle, which are called pales. se latter are modified bracts, and are generally similar in appearance to the innermost — involucral scales, but are more rigid and horny; there is never more than one palea to each flower ; it is placed on the outer side of the flower, and very generally its base wraps round the ovary or the young achene. Palee are always important generic characters; they occur in Amellus, Athanasia, (Edera, Eriocephalus, Sphenogyne, &c. Flower-heads.— When all the flowers in a flower-head are tubular, and of nearly equal length, the head is said to be discoid (as in Chrysocoma, Athanasia, Pteronia, &c.). When the flowers in a head are of two kinds, the central ones tubular and 4-5-toothed, the marginal ones longer, strap-shaped, and one-sided, such a head is said to be radiate; the central portion is called the disc, and thes - flowers the rays (as in Aster, Senecio, Osteospermum, Gazania, Xc.). en all the flowers in a head are strap-shaped and one-sided, the head is semiflosculose (as in Sowthistle, Dandelion, &c.). : When all the flowers in a head are similar and perfect, each having stamens and an ovule-bearing pistil, the head is homogamous (as in Chrysocoma). When the flowers are of different sexes, or some perfect and some imperfect, the head is hetero- All radiate capitula are heterogamous; their disc-flowers being either per- as is commonly the case, or male, with perfect anthers and an abortive pistil ; d C 46 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) their ray-flowers either female or neuter. Some heads are moneecious; when, on the same root, the heads are diverse, some containing only male flowers, others only female. And some are diccious (asin Brachylena and Tarchonanthus); when, on different roots, male and female flower-heads occur. And lastly, a head is hetero- monecious, if the marginal flowers be female, the disc-flowers completely male, with abortive stigmas (as in Osteospermum, Othonna, &.) Some heads are glomerulate, or aggregated in a glomerule: this is when a number of small heads (each with its proper involucre) are crowded together on a common receptacle, surrounded by @ general involucre. A compownd-head is thus formed (as in Spheranthus and (dera). Flowers.—The corolla is either tubular, equally 4~5-toothed ; filiform, or thread- shaped, and usually truncate ; ligulate or strap-shaped, one-sided ; or bilabiate, i.e., ligulate with a minute lobe or pair of lobes opposite the strap-shaped limb. : Pappus.—This term is given to the limb of the calyx, which takes a great variety offorms. I+ is usually an important generic character, and therefore to be closely attended to. Though the pappus exists when the flowers first open, it frequently enlarges after flowering, and is therefore best observed on the mature or nearly ma- ture ovary. It is either paleaceous, formed of flat scales; setaceous, of slender bristles ; plumose or feathered, when the bristles are plumed, like a feather, with slender hairs ; barbed, when the bristles are set with short processes or imperfect plumes ; it is tooth- like when formed of a definite number of small teeth ; coroniform, or crown-shaped, when the teeth are partly confluent; and annular, or like a ring. An ovary is said_ to be calvous, or bald, when there is no obvious pappus. Anthers.—It is often of importance to examine the anthers, in order to observe whether they are tailed, ic., produced at base, on each side of the filament, into a bristle-shaped point ; or tailless i.e., rounded or truncate at base. Tailed anthers alone separate the Gnaphalice (everlastings) from other Senecionideew ; and Inulew from other Asteroideze. © When they occur, they are always of systematic value. Style.—When the ovary contains an ovule, the style is constantly 2-lobed, or at least 2-toothed at the extremity ; its lobes are called ‘* style-branches.”” When the ovary is abortive, the style is, with a few exceptions, quite simple or unbranched. In the i t of the Composite the style-branches afford characters of the highest value, and therefore must be closely and carefully observed by the student, either with a strong pocket lens or a simple microscope. The Tribes, except the Cichoracee, into which the Order is divided, are solely distinguished by certain characters of the style-branches, as indicated in the Table annexed. Unless these distinctions are mastered by the student, he will find it impossible to proceed in the study of Composite; but, in most cases, the distinctions are easily seen, if carefully looked for, and then what follows is comparatively easy. He must bear in mind, however, that, for systematic purposes, it is the style of bisexual or perfect flowers which affords the indicated characters : the styles of male flowers being usually simple, and those of exclusively female flowers, though branched, having similar branches in all the Tribes. A difficulty, therefore, exists in the classification of such plants as Osteospermum, Othonna, &c.in which there are no bisexual flowers. Having no certain guide to follow in their flowers, we are forced to place them next those genera to which, by their general aspect, they appear nearest of kin. Achenium or Achene—This is the name applied to the small, seedlike nut or fruit of the Composite. It often affords generic characters in its shape and markings. Thus it may be cylindrical, angular, flattened, winged, &c.; or it may be glabrous, hairy, woolly ; smooth, scabrous, granulated, echinated, &c. In some it is prolonged into a tapering or thickened point, when it is said to be beaked. It is usually sessile on the receptacle, but is sometimes (as in Cotula) raised on a short pedicel. TABLE OF THE TRIBES. *Tubuliflore. Heads either discoid or radiate ; the disc flowers tubular, regular, 4-5-toothed. Sp SERRE owe nee _Tribe t. Vernontace2... Style-branches long, much exserted, filiform, acute, equally oY or bristly on the outer surface.—Heads always discoid. Leaves (Gen. 1-6.) A47_ Tribe 2, Evparortacea. Style-branches long, much exserted, terete, obtuse oF Ethulia.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 47 thickened at the point, minutely granulated on the outer surface.—Heads always discoid. Leaves mostly opposite. (Gen. 7-10.) se Tribe 3. AsTEROIDER. Style-branches linear or lance-linear, flattish or flattened, mostly acute, minutely and equally downy on_the outer surface.—Heads radiate or discoid. Leaves various. (Gen. 11-38.) A FF Tribe 4. SENECIONIDEE. Style-branches long, linear, flattish, truncate, bristly at the apex only, or tipped with a short, bristly cone.—In the male flowers the styles are simple, more or less bristly or brush-like at the point. ee various, (Gen. 39-124.) “79. 727. Tribe 5. CynarE®. Style suddenly thickened towards the apex, and often hispid _ at the thickening ; its branches convex, either partially cohering or separate, minutely downy on the outer surface.— Habit various. (Gen. 12 5-146.) 72. 4a] ** Ligulifiore. Heads semifiosculose, all the flowers strap-shaped and bisexual. Tribe 6. CicHoracez&. Style-branches long, subobtuse, filiform, equally pubescent on the outer surface.—Juice milky, very bitter. (Gen. 147-154.) P F2Z Note.—Tables of the genera will be found under each of the Tribes respectively. TRIBE I.—VERNONIACEZ. > ~ Flower-heads discoid, all the flowers tubular. Style-branches long: much exserted, filiform, sharp-pointed, equally hispid or bristly on the outer surface. Leaves alternate. (Gen. 1.-V1.) Heads several-flowered ; invol. of many imbricating scales : Pappus none, or a small fleshy ring : All the fl. perfect, bi-sexual, with bell-shaped corollas i (1) Ethulia, — 7747 Central fl. male, funnel- shaped; sexi sane fili-. form, in many rows... te (2) Litogyne, A Pappus bristle-shaped, in 2 or more SLOWS : Inv. scales and leaves spinous-pointed ...... .... (4) Hoplophyilum. — 43,9 Inv. scales not spinous-pointed beet oes = 0s. age (3) Vernonia, = — : Pappus of 7-9 spreading, flat, white gam ...) (5) Platycarpha.——~ +4 Heads 1-ilowered; invol. of 2 opposite scales, compressed ...) (6) Corymbium, ———___ #3 I. ETHULIA, Cass. Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvolucre imbricate, scales her- baceous, acute. Receptacle naked. Corolla with a slender tube, and bell-shaped, equally 5-fid limb; lobes lanceolate, margined. Anthers. short, included. Style shortly exserted, its branches subulate, bristly. — Achenes inversely pyramidal, 4-angled, 4-ribbed, glabrous, glandular _ between the ribs, truncate, and 4~5-angled at the summit. Pappus an entire, thickened, marginal rim. DC. prodr. 5, p. 12. Erect, branching, leafy, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, entire or serrated, pellucid-dotted. Flower-heads small, in a much-branched corymb. Flowers red or purple. Name invented by Linnzus, who has not explained its meaning. E. Garie- pina, DC., and £. alata, Send., constitute our genus LrrocyNE. 1. E. conyzoides (Linn. Sp. ay t) ; closely puberulous ; Seauclits corymbose, somewhat spreading; leaves lanceolate, acuminate, distantly serrated towards the summit. D0. 1. c. 12, also, D. Rraussii, Sch. B.! in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 945, D. gracilis, DC., and D. angustifolia, Boj.! Has. Common about Port Natal. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk., &c.) 2 or more feet high, thinly clothed with minute hairs. Stem and branches fur- rowed. Leaves pellucid- dokeek, 2-3 inches long, in the Natal specimens seldom 4 48 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [Litogyne. inch wide, tapering to both extremities. Corymb densely much branched ; flower- heads 2 lines across. Fl. purple, fading to white. A common weed in the tropics of Asia and Africa. The leaves vary somewhat in breadth and serratures, whence the 4 sp. of the authors above quoted. If. LITOGYNE, Harv. (n. gen.) Heads hetero-moncecious, many-fl., discoid; the male fl. central, fun- nel-shaped, 5-toothed ; female fl. shorter, filiform, 3-toothed, in many rows round the margin. Jnvol. imbricated, the scales acute. ecept. naked, depressed. Pappus none. Mate: anthers linear, partly ex- serted, acute at base. Style simple, emarginate, much exserted, the exserted portion hispid all round. Ov. abortive. Frm.: Anth, none. Style exserted, deeply bifid, the arms glabrous, blunt, spreading. Ovary glabrous, minute, ovule-bearing. Achenes unknown. 8. African, much branched suffrutices, with entire or denticulate, alternate leaves, decurrent in narrow wings along the stem. Heads small, corymbulose or tufted at the ends of the branches. Fl. pale ?—Name from Autos, thin or mean, and ‘yuv7, ® female ; from the very slender, thread-like, female flowers. 1. L. glabra (Harv. Thes. t. 155); glabrous, smooth. Ethulia? Ga- riepina, DC.! prodr. 5, p. 13+ Has. On the Gariep, Drege / Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) Erect, perhaps 2~3 feet high, paniculately branched, sparsely leafy ; stems angu- lar, minutely rough in the furrows. Lvs. 1-14 inch long, 1-2} lines wide, broadly linear, sub-acute, smooth, entire or denticulate, decurrent in narrow wings along ’ the stem. Heads 3-6 together, on short pedicels, or subsessile. Invol. scales ob- long-acuminate, smooth. 2. L. scabra (Harv.) ; very scabrous. LEthulia alata, Sond. in Linn. Xxlii, 60. Has. Bloomspruit, Fals river and Aapjes R., Burke & Zeyh./ (Hb. Sd., Hk.) Stem ascending, 1—2 ft. long, much branched, the branches erect and closely leafy, either rough throughout or smoothish below. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, acute or subacute, entire or remotely denticulate, decurrent in narrow wings along the stem very rough with raised points on both sides. Heads tufted, 3-6 together, subsessile. Invol. scales ovate-acuminate, rough at back.—Chiefly distinguished from the preceding by its very scabrous surface. Ill. VERNONIA, Schreb. Heads few- or many-fl., homogamous. Jnvol. imbricated, shorter than the flowers; scales obtuse or acute, the inner longer. Recept. naked or honeycombed. Cor. deeply 5-fid, the lobes lanceolate. Filaments smooth. Anth. sagittate. Achenes linear or prismatic, glabrous, pubescent or silky- villous, striate or rib-furrowed. Pappus biseriate, the inner of many long, serrated bristles, the owter of very narrow, short scales ; rarely both series nearly alike, subequal; or the outer series of few bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 15. Decaneuron, DC. 1. c. p. 66. Webbia, DC. l. c. p- 7? Vernonella, Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 62. A vas ical, and sub-tropical genus, common to both hemispheres, and con- isti cries, climbers, iat, al evel trees of various aspect. OAL alternate, petiolate or sessile, often gland-dotted. Inj. various, either corymbose, spiked, oT with solitary heads. Fl. purple-rosy or white. Decaneuron, DC., to which is attr buted a single pappus, has in several of its acknowledged species a distinctly double Vernonia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 49 one, and the ro ribs of its achenes are slight exaggerations of the 10 strie found on many acknowledged Vernonie ; nor is there any distinctive habit to mark its species, at least those of the section Gymnanthemum. In Webbia, DC., which is founded on its unisexual flowers, I find (as C. H. Scultz, Bip. has already pointed out) bisexual flowers in all the Cape species. Nor can I keep Vernonella, Sond., separate without also founding genera upon our V. monocephala and V, stahelinoides, which differ as widely in habit both from each other and from the species of the first section. —Ver- nonia is named in honour of W. Vernon, a botanist of the 17th century, who travel- led in North America in search of plants. a. Erect or half-climbing much-branched shrubs or hf.-shrubs. Heads corymbose or panicled. Lys. minutely pubescent or glabrous : Panicles divaricate-spreading; invol. scales acute (1) anisocheetoides. Corymbs erecto-patent ; invol. scales obtuse. Invol. scales powdery; pappus white ... ... (2) angulifolia, Invol. scales glabrous; pappus reddish ... ... (3) mespilifolia. Lys. densely tomentose or hoary beneath : Lvs. subsessile ; invol. sc. tomentose; heads 4~5-fl. (4) corymbosa. Lys. long-petioled ; inv.sc. glabrous; hds. 15—20-fl. (5) i 6. Herbs, with simple, erect stems. Heads corymbose (Webbia, DC.) Stems uniformly leafy : Lys. petioled, ovate, silvery beneath, penninerved (6) Kraussii. Lys. sessile, silky-silvery on one or both sides : Lys. lanceolate, penninerved ; inv. sc. aristate (7) Natalensis. Lvs. linear, t-nerved ; inv. sc. mucronate ... (8) pinifolia. Lys. sessile, roughly pubescent (not silvery) ; Lys. cordate at base ; hairs simple, curled ... (9) hirsuta. Lys. acute at base; hairsforked ... ... ... (10) Sutherlandi, Stems nearly naked ; radical leaves obovate, large (11) Dregeana. ec. Herbs or suffrutices. Branches 1-headed : Iny. scales oblong, broad, obtuse or mucronate : Suffruticose, much branched, closely pubescent ... (12) staehelinoides. Herbaceous, glabrous ; lvs. subspathulate ... ... (13) Vernonella, Iny. scales lanceolate, much acuminate : Glabrous; achenes densely silky ... ... ... ... (14) Gerrardi. Hairy ; achenes 10-ribbed, quite glabro vs «+, (15) monocephala, 1. V. anisochzetoides (Sond. in Linn. 23, p.61); shrubby, the branches, inflorescence, and young leaves minutely pubescent, becoming glabrous; branches flexuous, angularly striate; leaves conspicuously petioled, cu- neate at base, broadly obovate, sharply and angularly 3—5-toothed at the summit, or the upper ones subentire, acute, 3-nerved at base, pellu- cid-dotted ; panicle terminal, much branched, leafy, its branches widely spreading or deflexed, loosely divaricating, multifid; invol. scales ovato- lanceolate, acute, nerve-keeled, woolly ; heads 12-13-flowered; pappus pale. sda Near D’Urban, Natal, Gueinzius, 320,591. Gerr. & MK. 335, 336. (Herb. -) =e A large, half-climbing shrub. Lower leaves 2} inches long, and equally wide, with § sharp, toothlike lobes, with wide interspaces ; upper 14-2 inches long, 1-1} inch wide, mostly entire. Invol. scales with a dark central line, woolly at the sides, i FL. . Outer pappus of few scales.—Readily known, inflorescence. becoming glabrate. purple among 8. African species, by its divaricate infio 2, V. angulifolia (DC. Prodr. 5, p. 29); subherbaceous, the branches, inflorescence, and foliage minutely puberulous ; branches angularly VOL. II. 4 50 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Vernon. striate ; leaves shortly petiolate, cuneate at base, deltoid-ovate, acute, with prominent lateral angles, or shortly 3-lobed or coarsely toothed, 3—5-nerved at base; panicle terminal, compound, leafy, its branches loosely corymbose ; invol. scales ovate-oblong, obtuse, nerve-keeled, minutely scurfy, membrane-edged; heads 6-9-flowered ; pappus white. Has. Near D’Urban, Natal, Drege, Krauss 223, Gueinzius 587, Plant 40, Gerr. § MWK. 334. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) Much branched and tall, imperfectly woody (7), drying blackish. Leaves mem: branous, 1-14 inches long, t-14 wide, the upper ones trowel-shaped, the lower more — or less toothed or lobed. Scales of the invol. pale horn-coloured, with a dark, cen- tral line, under a lens minutely rough. Fl. purple. Achenes thinly silky. 3. V. mespilifolia (Less. in Linn. 1831, p. 641); shrubby, the young branches, inflorescence, and foliage minutely puberulous ; branches round, striate ; leaves shortly petioled, much attenuated at base, broadly obovate, coarsely 3-7 or several-toothed, or angularly lobulate at the summit; panicle terminal, compound, its branches densely corymbose ; invol. scales ovate oblong, obtuse, round-backed, glabrous, ciliolate; — heads 3~5-flowered ; pappus fulvous. DO. J. ¢. 29. Has. Swellendam, £. Z. Forests of Uitenhage, Burchell, Zeyher / Common in Albany and Kaffirland, and at Natal, Z, Z., Drege, Bowker, &c, (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.) A half-climbing shrub, drying dark. Leaves membranous, 2-3 inches long, 2 ™- wide, thinly puberulous, minutely gland-dotted beneath. Invol. scales pale-horny, neither keeled nor nerved, very obtuse or subacute, either quite glabrous or downy at top. Achenes with silky strie. Outer pappus very narrow. 4, V. corymbosa (Less. 1. c. p. 647); shrubby, the branches, inflores- cence, and under sides of leaves hoary or tomentose ; branches rodlike, rigid, angularly striate; leaves scarcely petioled, cuneate-oblong or obo- vate, coarsely few-toothed at the summit or beyond the middle, coria- ceous, tomentose beneath, the older ones becoming glabrate above; pani- cle terminal, leafy, corymbose ; invol. scales oblong, obtuse, round-— backed, tomentose; heads 4—5-flowered; pappus fulvous. DOC.1. c. 29- Stehelina corymbosa, Th. ! Cap. 628. Var. 8, mespilioides (DC.); leaves larger, sharply 7-9-toothed, less hoary be neath. £. Z. 269; Drege, 5036; Gerr. G M’K. 344. Has. From Uitenhage to Natal, Burchell, E. Z. Drege, Gerr. § MK. &. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) ‘ A large, much branched shrub. Twigs straight. Leaves very variable in size and shape; sometimes narrow-cuneate, subentire, 1} in. long, $ in. wide; sometimes broadly cuneate, 14 inch long, 1 inch. wide; and in var. 6 2-24 in. long, 14 in. wide. Invol. scales rufous brown, not keeled. Achenes with pubescent strie. Outer pappus narrow, brittle. 5. V.Senegalensis (Less. in Linn, 1829, p. 265); shrubby, the branches, infl., and under sides of leaves tomentose; branches flexuous, round, striate, sprinkled with glands; leaves on longish petioles, slightly cune ate at base, broadly ovate or oblong, obtuse, subentire, undulate, sca brous above ; panicle terminal, leafy, compound, its branches widely spreading, loosely corymbose ; inv. scales broadly ovate, mucronulate, round-backed, glabrous, ciliolate ; heads 15~20-flowered ; pappus ful- vous. Decaneurum Senegalense, DC. l. c. 68. Eupat. coloratum, Willd. Vernonia. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 51 Has. Zululand, Rev. Mr. Hewitson ; on the Shiré, Dr. Kirk. (Herb, D., Hk.) A large, half-climbing shrub, 10—12 ft. high. Lower leaves not seen ; upper on uncial petioles, 2-3 in. long, 14-2 in. wide, not much attenuated at base, i in outline, but not toothed. Outer pappus of few and narrow scales. ‘Achenes 10- rib-striate, the stri glabrous, with gland-downy interspaces. Corolla pilose. 6. V. Kraussii (Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 947); herbaceous; the simple, striate stem, the inflorescence, and the wnder surface of the leaves silky-canescent ; leaves shortly petioled, ovate, acute or acumi- nate, flat, entire, becoming glabrous above, penninerved ; corymb of few or many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate, acute, mucronate, canescent; achenes silky. Webbia eleagnoides, DC. l. ¢. 73. Var. £, Barophels; dwarf (6-8 inches high), slender; heads 3-10. Webbia oligocephala, DC. l. ¢ Has. Between Caaanwrabs and Omsamculo, Drege/ Magallisberg, Burke § Zey./ ee ay Sanderson, &c. Var. B. with var. a. Drege, Gueinzius, 339. (Herb. Stem 14-3 feet high. Leaves 1-13 inch long, 3-1 inch wide, at first thinly silky above, the adult quite glabrous, white and silky beneath. Heads many-flowered. Corymb 2-4 inches across. Corolla pilose. Decandolle’s W. oligocephala seems to me to be merely a starved variety. 7. V. Natalensis (Sch. Bip. in Walp. Rep. 2, p.947); herbaceous; the simple, striate stem, the inflorescence, and both surface of the leaves silky canescent ; leaves sessile, crowded, lanceolate, acute or acuminate, narrowed to the base, penninerved, entire, flat ; corymb of many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate, much-attenuated, bristle-pointed ; achenes silky. Webbia aristata, DC. l. ¢. 73. Has. Katberg, and at the Key and Basche rivers, Drege; Kaffirland, £. Z./ Natal, Krauss, 443; Winterberg, Mrs. /. W. Barber, 233; near Maramballa, Dr. Kirk! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) This resembles V. pinifolia, but has much broader, strongly-nerved, and canous leaves, and long-pointed involucral scales, ke. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 4-3 inch wide, erect. Heads many-flowered. Corymb 2-5 inches across. Corolla pilose. 8. V. pinifolia (Less. in Linn. vol. 2, p. 257); herbaceous ; the simple, rigid, striate stem, the inflorescence, and Hi under surface of iat more or less canescent or _pubescent ; leaves sessile, crowded, linear, acute, with revolute margins, one-nerved, becoming glabrous above ; corymb mostly compound, of many heads, flat-topped ; invol. scales lanceolate-oblong, mucronate, canescent; achenes densely silky. Webhia pinifolia, DC. Prod. 5, p. 72. Bot. Mag. t. 5412. Conyza pinifolia, Lam. C. canescens, Th. ! Cap. 66 5. Erigeron Capense, Houtt. Var. 8. glabrata; stem weak, nearly glabrous; leaves few, glabrous and dotted ; heads few. Has. Langekloof and Krum river, Thunb. E. Z./ Gowguhren, {ie Uitenh. Albany, Caffraria, and Natal, _— Hutton, Sander., &c.; var. B. Howisonspoort, oe Lar net 1-2 feet | mos ince ong, 2 line to 3-4 lines wide, the a ne pnnineree, Pubes Pubescence unwary variable, in var. B. scarcely any save on es intchiuee 3-8 inches across. Flowers purple. Heads 20 or more flowered. Canina piles Ses parple, 9. V. hirsuta (Sch. Bip. 1. ¢.); herbaceous ; the simple, striate stem 4* 52 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Vernonia. the inflorescence, and under surface of leaves, hairy with rough, curled hairs; leaves sessile, cordate at base, oblong or obovate, mucronate, acuminate (or obtuse ), subentire or with inflexed serratures, thinly-hairy above, netted-veined beneath; corymb densely many-headed, flat- topped; invol. scales lanceolate, acute or acuminate, woolly ; achenes silky. Webbia hirsuta, DC. 5, p. 73- Var. §. obtusifolia ; leaves, save the uppermost, broadly-obovate, bullated, very obtuse or shortly-cuspidate. Has. Katberg and Tambukiland, Z. Z./ Hutton! Bowker ; Natal, Drege, Krauss, 293; var. 8. Natal, 7. Williamson, Gerr. § M‘K. 343. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) Stems 1—3 feet high, the whole plant coarsely-hairy, with greenish-yellow hairs. Leaves 14-2} inches long, 3-1} inch wide, very variable in shape, but always cordate at base. In var. B. the leaves are thicker, and much more strongly-netted. Corymb dense, 2-4 inches across. Corolla pilose. 10. V. Sutherlandi (Harv.); herbaceous ; the simple, striate stem, inflorescence, and leaves thinly-hispid with rigid, mostly forked hairs ; leaves sessile, acute at base, oblongo-lanceolate, acute, mucronulate, few- toothed beyond the middle, or subentire, thinly-hispid on both sides, dotted beneath, penninerved; corymb pedunculate, cymose, 4—6- or 12- headed, the heads on longish, simple pedicels ; invol. scales lanceolate, acuminate, hispid; achenes densely-silky. Has. Klip river, Natal, 3500-4500 feet, Dr. Sutherland! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Stem 1-2 feet high, the lower half closely-leafy, the upper naked, with 2—3 distant, small, linear-subulate, depauperated leaves. Lower leaves 14-2 inches long, $—j inch wide, the uppermost entire, the lower coarsely few-toothed. Pubescence in most places forked or stellate, rather rigid. Pedicels of the central head 4 inch, of the lateral 14-2 inches long. Heads many-flowered. Corolla bright purple, pilose. 11. V. Dregeana (Sch. B. 1. c.); herbaceous; the simple, angularly- striate stem, inflorescence, and foliage nearly glabrous or thinly-silky ; radical leaves obovate, narrowed at base, mucronulate, penninerved, sub-denticulate, with slightly-inflexed margins, nearly glabrous; cauline few, remote, linear, erect, with involute margins; corymb closely many- headed ; invol. scales oblongo-lanceolate, mucronate, woolly ; achenes silky. Webbia nudicaulis, DC. Prod. 5, p. 73. Has. Betw. Key and Bashe, Drege/ near Grahamstown, Genl. Bolton, H. Hutton; Natal, 7. Williamson, Sanderson, Gerr. § M‘K. 316. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.) Stem 1-2 feet high, Radical leaves several, rosulate, 2-2} inches long, }-1 inch wide; cauline 1 or 2 inches apart, 1~3 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, Heads on longish pedicels, many-flowered. Corolla pilose. 12. V. stehelinoides (Harv. Thes. t. 156); suffruticose, paniculately much-branched ; the rigid, striate branches, peduncles, and foliage thinly appressed-pubescent, sub-canescent ; leaves sessile, narrow-linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, one-nerved beneath; heads terminal and axillary, solitary, pedunculate, about 1o-flowered ; invol. oblong, the outer scales roundish or ovate, obtuse, the inner oblong, subacute, mucronulate, all close-pressed, at first silky, becoming glabrate; achenes minutely-pubescent. Zey./ 1027, : Has. is and Crocodile river, Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Hk., D., Sd. Stem erect, 1-2 feet (or more?) high, be Be tebe Fo the ashe ti Hoplophyllum.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 53 and somewhat corymbose. Leaves 1-1} inch long, not a line wide, very blunt, exactly linear. Peduncles 1-14 inch long, mostly from the axils of upper leaves, naked. Heads, like those of a Stehelina or Serratula, 5 lines long, 2 lines across, about to-flowered. Pappus biseriate, the outer very short, the inner 5-6 times as long, with rough, dentato-plumose bristles. Recept. honeycombed. A very remark- able species, 13, V. Vernonella (Harv.); herbaceous, branched from the base ; branches simple, furrow-striate, glabrous, leafy; leaves sessile, spathu- late-linear, obtuse, narrowed to the base, with recurved edges, glabrous ; heads solitary, terminal, pedunculate, many-flowered; invol. scales broadly-oblong, mucronate, with scarious, wavy, lacerate edges, glabrous ; achenes densely-silky. Vernonella Africana, Sond. in Linn. 23, p. 62. Has. Port Natal, Queinzius, 334! (Herb. Sond.) A glabrous, many-stemmed perennial, 6-8 inches high. Branches or stems erect, simple, leafy beyond the middle. Leaves 1-2 inches long, 2 lines wide, slightly narrowed to the base, conspicuously 1-nerved. Heads $ inch across. Invol. scales thin, membranous, purplish, ragged at the edges, loosely imbricated. Fl. purple. Pappus discoloured. 14. V. Gerrardi (Harv. Thes. t. 157) ; herbaceous, branched below ; branches simple, furrow-striate, dotted, glaucous, leafy ; leaves sessile, hnear, acute, 1-nerved, dotted, flat, glabrous ; heads solitary, terminal, pedunculate, many-fl.; inv. scales lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, with very long, squarrose points, cobwebbed, woolly-ciliate ; achenes ribbed, densely silky. Has. Bigarsberg, Zululand, W. 7. Gerrard, 1060. (Herb. D.) A foot or more high, rigid, nearly glabrous and glaucous, conspicuously gland- dotted. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1 line wide, thickish. Heads } inch across. Inv. scales rigid, with long, squarrose points, like those of an Athrivia. A very distinct and remarkable species, allied to V. Vernonelia and V. monocephala. 15. V. monocephala (Harv.) ; herbaceous, branched from the base ; . branches sub-simple, striate, roughly hairy or pubescent, leafy; leaves sessile, oblongo-lanceolate or lanceolate, mucronate, dotted, glabrous (or sparsely setose), ciliate on the margin and mid-rib beneath; heads soli- tary, terminal, pedunculate or sessile, many-flowered ; invol. scales linear-lanceolate, much acuminate, subpungent, scabrous and setose ; achenes quite glabrous, to-ribbed, and furrowed, oie s. oe berg, Burke &: Zeyher / 801; Zululand, Gerr. § di’K. 1011. (Herb. ae Fae Roughly hay, perennial, 1-4 ft, high, either erect and much branched, or ascend- ing from a decumbent base, branched from the crown or the lower part of stem. Branches pale, variably hairy, sometimes leafy to the summit, sometimes ending in a naked peduncle, 4-6 inches long, each branch usually bearing a fl.-head. Heads 3-1 inch across, with very many flowers. Pappus dirty-white, the outer of a few short lin.-lanceolate bristles. Corolla externally scabrous, especially on the reflexed, linear-lanceolate lobes.—This has the achenium of a Decaneurum, DC., and the habit of V. simplex, Less. | | IV, HOPLOPHYLLUM, DC. Heads few- (5~6) flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. ovate-oblong, closely imbricate, its scales broad, obtuse, spinous-mucronate, scarious or horny. Recept. narrow, fimbrilliferous. Cor. glabrous, tubular, deeply and 54 comeosiT#& (Harv.) [ Platycarpha. equally 5-cleft, the lobes linear. Filaments smooth. Anthers linear, sagittate. Stigmata 2, filiform, very long, bristly throughout. Achenes thick, subtrigonous, densely hairy, slightly contracted under the pap- pus. Pappus in many rows, persistent, scabrous, the outer pales bris- tle-shaped, the inner subulate-acuminate. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 73. Rigid shrubs, with pungent, linear or subulate leaves, Heads sessile, axillary or terminal.—_Name compounded of éAov, a dart, and @vAdAor, a leaf; from the sharp pointed leaves. Leaves semiterete, entire; heads crowded; invol. scales glabrous.., (1) spinosum. Leaves flat, with spinous, marginal teeth ; heads solitary ; invol. sc. powdery Su, x ec eee te eke eed ose ses gee ove, (2) BERGE: 1. H. spinosum (DC. 1. c. p. 73) ; glabrous; leaves horizontally spread- ing, subulate, semiterete, furrowed, quite entire; invol. scales broadly ob- long, very obtuse, shortly mucronate, quite glabrous ; heads sessile in the upper axils and several-crowded at the ends of the branches. Has. Olifants R., and Bokkeland, Thunb.; Clanwilliam, £.Z./ Gariep, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) A much-branched, rigid suffrutex: branches and leaves divaricate. Leaves 1-2 inches long, pungent, 1~2 lines wide. Invol. 4 inch long, of many close-pressed, horny, wide-margined scales. Pappus fulvous. Corolla pale. 2. H. ferox (Sond.) ; subglabrous ; leaves spreading, linear-mucron- ate, flat, armed with 1-2 pairs of spinous, marginal teeth, furrowed ; invol. scales ovate, strongly mucronate, ‘Loewy glauco-pulverulent ; heads terminal, solitary sessile. Has. Gamke R., Burke § Zeyher; Krails R. Beaufort, Zeyh. ! (Herb. Hk., Sd.) Very rigid, much branched, and spiny as the last, but with flat leaves, margined, with a few spinous teeth, and solitary, terminal heads. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1 line wide. Pappus fulvous. V. PLATYCARPHA, Less. Heads densely crowded, sessile, many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. scales in many rows, lanceolate, entire, scarious, pungent-mucronate, the inner narrow, resembling palee. Cor. with a long, slender, hispid tube, and equally 5-parted limb, the lobes linear, with recurved, gland- bearing points. /i/. smooth. Anthers linear, obtuse, subequally sagit- tate at base. St:gmata 2, filiform, diverging, equally papillate through- out. Achenes glabrous, oblong, bluntly 5-angled. Pappus persistent, of 7-9, white, linear-acuminate, entire, spreading scales. DC. Prodr. 5,71- Only one species. The name is compounded of mAatus, flat, and xapqos, a scale ; relereing totes fi sohles Gb the puppies Las sla 1, P. glomerata (Less. in Linn. 6,p.688); DC.1.c. Cynara glomerata, Th.! Cap. 141. Stobea glomerata, Spr. Syst. 3, p. 394. Has. In saline spots, Zwartkops R., Z. Z.! Drege. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk. A stemless perennial. Radical leaves numerous, spreading like a star on ground, petiolate, pinnately divided, albo-tomentose beneath, cobwebby, but becom- ing glabrate above, the lobes coarsely toothed, the teeth pungent ; the lower lobes short and distant, the upper close together and larger. Flower-heads numerous, crowded in a sessile tuft, covering the crown of the root. sorek ware very shar ed, rigi ing. Cor, e. Much white woo! uw nextion techie porph Corymbium. ] COMPOSIT (Haryv.) 55 VI. CORYMBIUM, Linn. Heads 1-flowered. Jnvol. cylindrical, of two opposite channelled scales, one clasping round the other, with 2~3 very small, exterior bracts at base, Cor. salver-shaped, deeply and equally 5-cleft. Anthers included, simple at base. Stigmata 2, filiform, equally hispid. Achenes attenuated at base, densely clothed with long, straight, silky hairs. Pappus short, crown-like, irregularly cleft or fimbriate. DC. Prodr. 5, 88. Herbaceous, nearly stemless plants, all natives of S. Africa, their thick rootstock clothed with long, soft, silky hairs, Leaves radical, linear, parallelly many-nerved, rigid. Flowering stems nearly naked, with a few clasping, small leaves often re- duced to scales, corymbose at the summit. Corymbs loose or close, compound, each branch ending in an involucre. Flowers pink or white, rarely yellow.—Name from kopuuBos, a corymb, because the inflorescence is corymbose. 1, Stems, leaves, and involucres glabrous : Nerves of the leaves prominent ; margin thickened, smooth : Nerves only 3, distant «0... wee eee (1) letifolium, Nerves numerous, close-placed ... ... 1... ... a. (2) Rervosum. Nerves of the leaves immersed or scarcely prominent : Nerves 1-3; corymb loosely branched ... ... ... (3) glabrum. Nerves several ; corymb very densely crowded... (4) cymosum. 2. Stems and involucres scabrous; leaves glabrous ... ... ... (5) seabrum, 3. Stems and /eaves hairy and glandularly muricate : : Leaves linear, acute, elongate ... 1... 21... ... +. (6) villosum. Leaves broadly lanceolate, tapering to bothends ... ... (7) congestum. 1. C, latifolium (Harv.); glabrous; stem compressed, smooth, much longer than the leaves; leaves broadly lanceolate, linear or oblong- linear, with 3 distant, prominent nerves and thickened margins; corymb loosely much branched; invol. scales smooth. Has. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zeyher! No. 2737 (and 303). (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.) This has broader and shorter leaves, and a laxer inflorescence, than C. nervosum, from which it more especially differs in never having more than 3 nerves, even in its broadest leaves. Leaves 6-8 inches long, 4-1 inch wide, sometimes falcate. Van. 8. subulifolium; leaves very narrow-subulate, convolute-terete. Zey./ 2736. Has. Moist, sandy places, from Capetown to Uitenhage, common; var. B. Uit. Zey.! Grahamstown, &c. Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk., &c.) Root stock robust, densely woolly. Leaves 10-14 inches long, 2~5 lines wide, microscopically granulated, yellow-green. Stems scarcely taller than the radical leaves, with 2-3 clasping, cauline leaves. Flowers pink or purple. Var. 8. has leaves almost as narrow as those of C. scabrum, B. filiforme. 3. C. glabrum (Thunb. 729) ; glabrous ; stem angular, smooth ; leaves broadly-linear, subacute, flat, with 1-3 impressed or immersed, stria-like nerves, and rough margins ; corymbs loosely much-branched ; invol. scales smooth. DC. l.c. FARE A 29 HL Has. Cape, Th. ; nr. Capetown, £.Z./ Wynberg, Dr. Wallich! (Hb. Sd., D., Hk.) Often confounded with the preceding, from which its immersed (not prominent) 56 COMPOSIT ( Harv.) [ Corymbium. nerves readily distinguish it. Drege and £. § Z.’s specimens are indiscriminately named. Lvs. 6-8 inches long, 3~4 lines wide, often falcate; the narrower one-nerved, the broader faintly 3-nerved. Invol. 4 lines long. 4, C. cymosum (E. Mey.); glabrous ; stem bluntly angular, smooth, mostly shorter than the leaves; leaves very long, linear, acute, with many, scarcely prominent nerves, and a roughish margin; corymb very dense, fasciculate ; the glabrous involucres subsessile. DC. J. ¢. p. 89. (excl. sp. ex Drege). Has. Hottentotsholland, Mundt! Eastern Districts, Burchell, fide DO. Stellen- bosch and Swellendam, £. ¢ Z./ Stellenbosch, W. H.H. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.) Readily known from C. glabrum by its densely crowded inflorescence. Leaves 8-16 inches long, 3-4 lines wide. Scales of calyculus pointed. Drege’s specimens marked “C. cymosum,” so far as I have seen, belong to C. scabrum, B. la } . : wee 5. C. scabrum (Linn. f. Suppl. 392); stem terete, densely muricated ; OF \ 0 l® leaves linear or filiform, flattish or convolute, glabrous, minutely sha- grined ; corymb dense ; invol. scales scabrous and glandular, viscidulous. DC. 1.¢.89. Thunb. Cap. 729. Lam. ill. t. 723, f.1. Burm. Afr. t.70,f. 1. V.Ak. 8. filiforme (Th.); leaves very narrow, filiform, semi-terete. C. filiforme, Linn. f. DC. 1. c. C. cymosum, Drege! in Herb. Hk., D., Sd. Zey.f 2739. Var. y. luteum; corolla (said to be) yellow. C. luteum, FE. M./ DC. 1. c. p. 89. Has. Round Capetown and Stellenbosch; at the Paarl, Drege; Worcester, E. Z.; Caledon, Pappe, &c.; Uit., Zey./ Var. y. at the Paarl, Drege! (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.) Leaves 4-12 inches long, 4 line to 2-3 lines wide, variable in the same tuft. Stems mostly taller than the lvs. very rough. Flowers pink or pale; in var. y “ yellow” (perhaps primrose colour’). find Dreges specimens of C. luteum quite as scabrid as those of our var. 8, and in the dry state undistinguishable. 6. C. villosum (Less. in Linn. 1831, p. 691); stem terete, villous and glandularly muricated ; leaves linear, acute, flat, sub-falcate, on both sides pilose and glandularly muricated; invol. scales glandularly muri- cated, bearded and pilose. DC.l.c.89. C. villosum and C. hirtum, Th. Cap. 729, 730. C. hirsutum, Eck. Has. Cape, Thunb., E.§ Z.! Dutoitskloof and Piquetberg, Drege! Stellenbosch, W. H. H. Bamskloof, Hutton! Zwartberg, Caledon, Pappe/ (Hb. D., Sd., Hk., &e.) Leaves 4-6 inches long, 3-4 lines wide ; cauline long or short, but always linear. Corymb dense, Exterior scales of the invol. nearly half as long as the inner ones. 7. C. congestum e Mey.); stem somewhat angular, hispid and glan- dularly muricated ; leaves broadly-lanceolate, tapering to both ends, acute, on both sides glandularly pubescent ; corymb dense ; invol. scales densely glandular, sharply 3-toothed. DC. 1. c.89. Harv. Thes, t. 69. Has. Drakeensteinberg, 2~300 ft. Drege! Worcester, E. § Z./ (Hb. D., Sd., Hk.) Leaves broader and more membranous than in other species, 5-6 inches long, 7-1 inch wide. Cauline leaves clasping, oblongo-lanceolate. Division of the corymb few-flowered. TRIBE I.—EUPATORIACEE. Flower-heads discoid, all the flowers tubular. Style-branches long, exserted, terete, obtuse, or thickened at the point, minutely granulated on the outer surface,—Leayes mostly o ite, rarely alternate. (Gen. vilX) ee : Y opposite, rarely ( Anisocheta. | COMPOSITZ (Harv.) 57 Leaves alternate. Pappus of 3-5 unequal scales ... ... | (7) Amisocheta. s Leaves opposite : Heads many-flowered : Pappus of 5-10 broad, toothed, pointed scales ...| (8) Ageratum. ty Adenostemma. ~ Pappus of 3-5 gland-tipped bristles <.. ... ...» (9) Heads 4-flowered. Pappus of many, slender bristles ...- (10) Mikania. VII. ANISOCHZATA, DC. Heads many-flowered, homogamous. Jnvol. ovate, imbricated, its scales lanceolate, appressed, shorter than the disc. Aecept. naked. Corolla tubular, deeply and equally 5-cleft, the outer flowers curved downwards towards the periphery. Anthers sagittate. Style shortly exserted ; stigmata 2, cylindrical, obtuse, nearly smooth. “3 Palew of recept. aowninate, as long as the di fi., or longer : TO cen Oa simple, ith minute, — ° wi ad bescence, and long hairs... .,. (4) anisatus. 62 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [A mellus. Stem diffusely branched : peduncles hollow and swollen upwards ... ... ... .«. ... =. (6) coilopodius. Stem diffusely branched; pedune. solid, filiform (5) strigosus. Rays very small and narrow ; pubescence copious eee TE RE cee OR ee. ee Palez of recept. club-shaped, shorter than disc, few ; heads UOUREC code Sesto cae oss « Sie 5 Ser OR eet apes (0) Meee A. Perennes ; Stem perennial, rigid, half-woody. (Sp. 1-3.) 1. A. Lychnitis (Linn. Sp. 1276) ; stem suffruticose, erect or diffuse, alternately branched, the branches, foliage, and involucres minutely appresso-pubescent ; leaves alternate or opposite, either obovate, lanceo- late-oblong-obtuse, or linear, very entire. DC. /.c.214. Lam. ill. t. 682, J. 1, Jacq. coll. 5, t. 10. A. tenuifolius (with narrow leaves), Burm. DC. l.c. Zey.! 799. Var. 8, flosculosus (Benth.); heads discoid, homogamous. Henelia Capensis, Walp. Rep. 2, p. 974. (Herb. D.) Has. Cape flats, &c., Riebeckskasteel, Drege! Riet Valley, F. Z./ Half way to Stellenbosch, W. H. H.; Namaqualand, Zeyher! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.) __1-14 foot high, pale, much branched. Stem sometimes sparsely pilose, as well as silky. Leaves 1-1} inch long, 1-3 lines wide, rigidly and closely puberulous. Heads many-fi., 5—6 lines across. A. tenuifolia merely differs in its narrower, more an linear leaves, varying on the same bush. Var. 8. is in all respects identical wi the broad-leaved A. Lychnitis, minus the rays. 2. A. hispidus (DC. Prodr. 5, 214); stem suffruticose at base, branched, erect, hispid with spreading bristles and hairs; leaves alter- nate, linear, subacute, very rough with rigid bristles and hairs, some quite entire, others with 1-2 small, lateral lobes or teeth; invol. scales densely setose at back, acuminate; heads radiate. Agathwa spathulata, Kze.! Pugil. 1, 9 (fide Hort. Hamb.). Var. f, angustissimus (DC.) ; slender, more densely covered with long, spread- ing hairs mixed with short ones ; leaves very narrow, and quite entire. Var. y, flosculosus ; leaves entire; heads discoid. A. flosculosus, DC. I. ¢. Has. Kamiesberg, 300-400 ft. and near the Gariep, Drege/ 8, Oliphants River, Drege! +. Little Namaqualand, and Gariep, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) _ Like A. Lychnitis, but readily known by its coarse, spreading pubescence, Var, ¥ is a form precisely analogous to the flosculose var. of A. Lychnitis. A specimen of Agathea spathulata, Kze. in Herb. Sond., on the authority of the Bot. Gard. of — Hamburg, is an Amellus/ and seems to be a garden state of this species. 3. A. scabridus (DC. 1. c. p. 214); “stem suffruticose, branched, sparingly setulose, with subappressed hairs ; leaves linear, acute, very entire, sprinkled on both sides and at the margin with subappressed, rigid bristles ; invol. scales acuminate, rough-hairy at back.” DC. 1. ¢. Has. Zwellendam, Burchell; Karroo, £. Z. (Unknown to us.) “Stem rigid, slender. Branches not striated. Leaves 7 lines long, scarcely 4 line wide. The heads when rubbed smell of aniseed, and are about half the size of those of A. Lychnitis, Rays pale. Achenes mostly compressed, with callous margin, — at length nearly calvous.” DC. ¢ B. Annui: Herbaceous, annual. (Sp. 4-8) ie _4& A anisatus (Cass. Dict. 37. p. 489); “stem herbaceous, erect, simple, covered with minute, appressed pubescence, and sprinkled with ’ Amellus.] COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 63 long, jointed bristles ; leaves opposite or alternate, linear, very entire, on both sides roughly pubescent.” DC. 1. c. p. 214. Has. Cape. (Unknown to us.) 5. A. strigosus (Less! Syn. 162); annual, diffuse, ascending or de- pressed, many branched from the crown, rough with spreading hairs ; leaves mostly alternate, roughly pubescent, Jinear, lanceolate or spathu- late, narrowed to the base, either entire, or unidentate at each side beyond the middle, or shortly 3-lobed ; paleze acuminate. Var. a. Thunbergii; leaves mostly entire, sometimes denticulate. Aster strigo- sus, Thunb. ! Cap. 687, ex pte. Amellus strigosus, DC., l. c., 214, Var. 8. Wildenovii; leaves mostly unidentate at each side. A. annuus, Willd. Sp. 3, 2215, DC., l.c. 215. Kaulfussia amelloides, Zey. ! Exsic. 99. Zey.! 785. Var. y. tridactylus; most of the leaves 3-lobed, the upper entire. A. tridactylus, DC.! le. ‘ Has. Groenekloof, Thunb.! Beyond the Gariep, Burchell. Gauritz R., E. and Z.! Drege! Bosjisveld, Swell., Dr. Pappe! Sneeweberg, A. Wyley/ 8. Zwartkop, R. Zeyher! Albany, T. W. Nieuweveld, and Beaufort, Drege/ -y. Sneeweberg, Drege! Zwartkops R. Zey! (Herb. Thunb., D., Hk., Sd.) A diffuse or often nearly prostrate annual, variable in size, and in the toothing of the leaves, but none of the above forms are constant to their assigned characters. Leaves 3-1-2 inches long, acute or obtuse, 1-3 lines wide. Zey! 2754 is intermediate between 8 and +. 6. A. coilopodius (DC. 1. c. 214); “root subsimple ; stems numer- ous, herbaceous, terete, pubescent, the middle one erect, the lateral ascending ; leaves linear, very entire, appressedly pubescent; peduncles hollow and swollen under the heads; invol. scales appressed, pubescent.’ Has. Near the Gariep, Drege. (Unknown to us.) “ Stems 5-6 inches long. Leaves 1-14 inch long, a line wide. Rays many, blue. Chaff of recept. longer than the disc.” DC. The hollow peduncles, if any thing, seem to mark this species. 7. A.microglossus (DC. 1. c. 215); annual, diffusely much branched, pilose with long, spreading hairs ; leaves linear-spathulate, subobtuse, narrowed at base, very entire, pubescent, invol.-scales infolded, acumi- nate, squarrose, hispid at back ; rays very small and narrow ; achenes of the ray pubescent, of the dise thick-edged, ciliate, central ones abortive. Has. Olifant’s R., and Zilverfontein, Little Namaqualand, Drege’ (Herb. D., Hik., Sd. Headly known by its very small ray-florets. Leaves 1-14 in. long, 14-3 lines wide, roughly pubescent. Heads on short branches, leafy nearly to the summit. Pappus very deciduous, shorter than the flowers ; corona persistent. 8. A. nanus ae l.c. 215); annual, much branched from the base, depressed, in all parts rigidly and shortly appresso-pubescent, scabrid ; leaves linear-lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire; heads subsessile, subtended by 1-2 leaves, becoming lateral; invol.-scales lanceolate, the outer keeled and infolded ; rays ample, obtuse, twice as long as the involucre; palece of the recept. shorter than the flowers, few, club-shaped, torulose ; achenes si/ky-ciliate; pappus similar in disc and ray. 64 COMPOSITE ( Harv.) [ Marre. Has. Between Kaus, Natvoet, and Doornpoort, near the Gariep, Drege / (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) A depressed or prostrate, closely leafy annual, with large, blue-rayed, nearly ses- sile fl. heads, and crowded leaves. Lvs. 1-14 in. long, 1-2 lines wide. The paler of recept. and achenes are different from those of other species. XIII. MAIREA, DC. Heads many-flowered, heterogamous; ray-fl. ligulate, female and fertile; disc-fl, tubular, 5-toothed, hermaphrodite, either fertile or sterile. Recept. naked. Jnvol. subimbricate. Anthers simple at base. Achenes plano-compressed, glabrous or sparsely pilose. Pappus in one series, of feathered bristles. DC. Prod. 5, p. 217. Herbaceous perennials, or small, slender, shrubby plants, associated by an artificial character, the feathery pappus. Leaves alternate, Stems or branches naked at the summit, peduncular, one-headed, rarely corymbose. Disc yellow; ray purple-blue or white, in one species yellow. The name is in honour of M, Maire, a Prussian explorer, who accompanied Mundt in his South African travels. 1. Pteropappus (Less.): Disc-flowers fertile. Herbaceous plants, with expanded leaves. (Sp. 1-3). Stemless. Rad. leaves obovate-oblong, cobwebby, at length abrous, wrens sae BOP A SIS: A eet) eremates Caulescent. Lvs. obl.-obovate, densely hairy beneath, crenate (2) hirsuta. Nearly stemless. Lvs. linear-spathulate, hairy, subentire... (3) perezioides. 2. Zyrphelis (Cass.): Disc-flower sterile. Rays blue or white. Mostly suffrutices. Leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, quite entire, rigid, ciliate. (Sp. 4-9). Nearly stemless. Rad. lvs. linear-spathulate, 4-5 incheslong (4) Burchellii. Branching undershrubs, with linear or subulate, ciliate lvs. : Heads terminating leafless branches (or peduncles ) : Achenes glabrous (or microscopically setulose) ... (5) taxifolia. Ach. densely silky ; heads many-fl.,invol. acuminate (6) lasiocarpa. Ach. pilose ; heads small, few-fi.; inv. scal.subacute (7) microcephala. Heads terminating leafy branches, small and few-fl. . 8) foliosa, Heads corymbose, on bracteate pedunc., ach. canescent (9) corymbosa. 3. Homochroma (DC.): Rays yellow. Disc sterile. A sca- brous: sutirntee i os Sie eer es Szct. 1. PTEROPAPPUS: Disc-fl. fertile (Sp. 1-3). 1. M. crenata (Nees. Ast. 348); stemless; leaves crowded round the crown of the root, obovate-oblong, tapering into a petiole, thickish, 1-nerved, bluntly toothed, cobwebby, becoming glabrous; peduncle scape-like, woolly, with 2-3 distant, linear bracts; invol. scales pilose, membrane-edged. DC.l.c.217. Arnica crenata, Th. ! Cap. 668. Gerbera ‘a crenata, Bot. Reg.t. 855. Aster crenatus, Less. Has. Langekloof, Thunb.; Table Mnt. summit, common, Mundt and Maire, Drege, W. H. H., &c.; Swellendam, £.¢ Z. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) Root-stock thickish. Radical leaves numerous, tufted, including the imperfect petiole, 2-3 inches long, 4-3 inch wide, their teeth callous-tipped. Peduncles 2-19 inches high, at first densely covered with coarse, whitish, curly hairs, afterwards almost nude. Flowers large and handsome, the disk an inch across; rays nearly uncial, violet-purple. “ 2. M. hirsuta (DC.1.c.217); stem ascending, subsimple, very hairy, leafy to near the middle; leaves oblong-obovate, tapering into a petiole, r-nerved, bluntly toothed, pilose, becoming glabrous above, densely Mairea.| COMPOSIT (Harv.) 65 hairy beneath ; peduncle terminal, sometimes branched, very hairy, with 2-3 distant, linear bracts; invol. scales hairy. Has. Swellendam, in mts. near Puspas valley, FZ. Z./ Zey./ 3071. (Hb. D., Sd.) Differs from M. crenata in its longish, sometimes branching stem, and copious rusty pubescence, less thick leaves, and rather smaller flowers. 3. M. perezioides (Nees, Ast. 249); czespitose, scarcely caulescent ; leaves subradical, linear-spathulate, acute, with recurved margins, sub- entire or here and there toothed, pilose ; pedune. scapelike, with a few scattered, depauperated leaves on its lower half, densely glandular- pubescent ; invol.-scales rather longer than the disc, pluriseriate, linear- acute, hairy and glandular. DC. /. c.217. Aster perezioides, Less! Syn. 167. Leyssera pilosella, Thunb! Cap. and Herb. ex pte. Has. Groenekloof and Zwartland, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.) Stems densely tufted, 1-2 inches long, naked below, densely leafy at the extremity. Leaves 2-2} inches long, 2-3 lines wide, strongly midribbed beneath. Pedune. 4-6 inches long ; its leaves 3 inch long, 1 line wide ; its pubescence copious, of gland-tipped, short hairs. Rays purple. Pappus feathery. Achenes black, hairy on the face, margined and ciliate ——A distinctly marked species, which I have only seen in Herb. Thunb. ... | (38) Hinifolius, Lys. oblong-linear, broad-based (37) serratus. Leaves hairy, scabrid or glandular. Lys. scattered, oblong, obovate, lanceol. or spathulate, hairy and glandular ... ... ... (39) elongatus. Lys. oblong-linear, ciliate with swollen, jointed hairs 1a Lvs. crowded, narrow, with re- : volute margins, above rough with prominent glands ... (43) Ecklonis. Sect. 1, FELICIA, (Sp. 1-24). 1. A. tenellus (Linn. Mant. 471); annual or biennial, herbaceous or at base lignescent, erect, diffuse or prostrate, simple or much branched, sparsely pilose or nearly glabrous, or glandular-pubescent ; leaves nar- row-linear, callous tipped, nerveless, mostly rigidly ciliate ; fl. branches uncular, one-headed; invol.-scales acute or subobtuse, margined, hispidulous or glabrous ; achenes minutely pubescent. Bot. Mag. t. 33. A. tenellus and A, dentatus, Thunb.! Felicia tenella, DC.1. c. 219. F. fragilis, Cass, Kaulfussia ciliata, Spr, Cineraria tenella, Link. Var. a, pusillus; very small and slender, annual, erect, hispid, with long pe- duncles ; lvs. ciliate. Var. 8. cotuloides; very slender, annual, erect, much-branched, sparsely hispid 72 coMposITz (Harv.) [ Aster. or glandular, with long peduncles, and small fl. heads ; lvs. very narrow, now and then ciliate. F. cotuloides, DO.! l. c. Zey.! 782. Var. y. glaber ; annual, subsimple, erect, nearly glabrous ; lvs. short, sparingly ciliate ; inv. scales broad, flat, obtuse, glabrous (or pilose). F. tenella, litt. a,in Hb. Drege. Var. 5. robustus; annual, erect, strong, much branched, copiously hispid and glandular, or nearly glabrous. Zey. 783. Var. e. longifolius (DC.) ; biennial or perennial (?), branches rooting at base, ascending or prostrate ; lvs. long or short, ciliate, otherwise glabrous. DC./ C. Wright, 386, 395. Sieb. Fl. 253. Has. Damp spots throughout the westerndistricts, common. (Hb. D., Hk.,Sd.,Th.) Very variable in size and pubescence. Stems 2-14 inches high. Roots either threadlike and simple, or of many robust fibres, the prostrate portions of the branches rooting at base. Lvs. } inch to 2 inches long. Pubescence hairy or glandular and viscidulous. None of the above varieties are constant to the given characters. 2. A. microspermus (DC.); annual, herbaceous, many stemmed ; stems diffuse, simple below, branched and corymbose, and glandularly pubescent near the summit; leaves linear, semiterete, obtuse, callous tipped, minutely glandular, (not ciliate) ; invol. scales linear, subacute, glandular ; achenes “glabrescent”? DC. Felicia microsperma, DC. 1. ¢. Has. Near the Gariep, Drege / (Herb. Sond., Hook.) ‘ Perhaps a mere var. of A, tenellus, from which it differs chiefly in ramification. ‘*Stems 8-12 inches long. Lys. 9-10 lines long, } line wide. Heads of A. tenellus, but corymbulose. Achenes sprinkled with a few appressed hairs.” DC, 3. A. macrorhizus (Thunb. ! Cap. 687); root very thick and woody, elongate ; stems many, short, densely tufted, simple ; leaves alternate, very closely set, from broad-clasping bases linear-spathulate, much at- tenuated towards the base, entire, pilose ; heads peduncled ; invol. seales multiseriate, imbricate, flat, glanduloso-scaberulous, lanceolate- linear, acuminate; achenes reddish-brown, pilose. Less. Syn. 175. Felicia macrorhiza, DC. 1. c. 219. Has. Cape, Thunberg ! (Herb. Thunb.) Root § inch in diameter, 8-12 inches or more long, probably growing in fissures of mountain rocks. Stems 2-3 inches long, densely imbricated with leaves. Bases of the leaves ovate, glabrous, remaining as persistent scales after the fall of the lamina. Leaves about an inch long, 1-1} lines wide at top, thinly sprinkled with long, white hairs. Pappus sulphur-coloured. Achenes rather copiously furnished with long, straight hairs. A very distinct species. 4. A. muricatus (Less.! Syn. 176); shrubby, erect, much branched, thinly hispid or glabrescent ; leaves linear-terete, furrowed above, spreading, obtuse, callous tipped, entire, either glabrous or sprinkled with hairs or ciliate with rigid bristles ; > axils often bearing leaf-tufts, heads peduncled; invol. scales acute, linear, minutely glandular or glabrous ; achenes puberulous. A. jilifolius, Zey./ Var. a. fascicularis (E. M.); leaves mostly tufted, glab: sparsely pilose. Felicia fascicularis, DC. 1. c. 220. Zey.! 790. : esac bs Mio 8. ciliatus; all the young leaves rigidly ciliate. Zey.! 793. AR. y. ehrysocomoides (Sond.) ; leaves mostly scattered, viscidulous-subglan- dular. Zey.! 797. Drege! 9096. : Has. Carroo places in Uitenhage, Albany, and Br. Caffraria, Krebs, E. Z.! Drege! &. B. Modder River Spruit, Burke and Zeyher) 7. Cape, E. Zey.t (Herb. Th., D, Hk, Sa)” Ep cements Aster.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 73 A small, slender shrublet, 3-8 inches high. Leaves 3-8 lines long, very slender, conspicuously channelled. Pedunc. 2-3 inches long, glabrous or puberulous, Inv. scales flattish. Variable chiefly in its pubescence. 5. A. Bowiei (Harv.); suffruticose, glabrous, flexuous ; branches closely leafy; leaves filiform-subulate, channelled, very long, acute (the younger bristle-pointed), quite entire; peduncles elongate, quite gla- brous; invol. scales 3-seriate, imbricate, flat, lanceolate, acuminate, 1-nerved ; achenes densely silky; pappus of many, sub-persistent, straight, scaberulous bristles. Has. Cape, Bowie. (Herb. Hk.) Near A. simulans, but with much longer lvs., densely silky achenes, and persistent, copious, and straight pappus-bristles. Lvs. 14-2 inches long, } line wide, involute, indistinctly nerved at base, tapering to a setaceous point. Peduncles 4 inches long. Head many-flowered. Of this I have only seen a solitary specimen in Hb. Hk. 6. A. simulans (Harv.); shrubby, erect, glabrous (save the peduncles) ; branches rod-like, closely leafy; lvs. linear-subulate, channelled, callous- tipped, acute, quite entire ; peduncles thinly pubescent; involuc. scales pluriseriate, imbricate, flat, lanceolate-linear, acute, 1-nerved, ciliolate ; achenes puberulous ; pappus of many slender, subflexuous, deciduous, rough bristles. Has. Berg River, Zey./ Sept. (Herb. Sond.) One to two feet high, slender, but woody. Leaves an inch or rather more long, erect, closely overlapping, not half a line in diameter, broad-based. Peduncles 2-3 inches long. Heads rather small. Almost identical in aspect with Gymno- stephium angustifolium, but differing in pappus and involucre. 7. A. angustifolius (Jacq. Schoenbr. t. 370); “shrubby, erect ; branches slender, flexuous, glabrous, the younger leafy ; leaves mem- branous, scattered, sessile, obovate-lanceolate, linear, acuminate, smooth- edged, tapering at base, 1-nerved, at length quite glabrous; heads pedunculate; invol. pluriseriate, scales flat, glabrous, fimbriate; achenes puberulous.” Less. Syn. p.178. F. angustifolia, Nees. DC. l.c. 220. Has. Cultivated from Cape seeds. : One to two feet high. Leaves 6-12 lines long, 4-1 line wide. Heads with blue rays. Said by Lessing to be scarcely distinguishable from A. hyssopifolius, save by its glabrous leaves, slender branches, and leaves without leaf-tufts. It is probably @ mere garden variety. 8. A. serrulatus (Harv.); suffruticose or shrubby, much-branched ; branches glabrous or pubescent; leaves lanceolate-linear, flat or concave, acute, 1-nerved or nearly nerveless, calloso-serrulate or rough-edged, the younger ciliate (sometimes setose), the adult glabrous; peduncles elon- gate, pubescent near the summit; invol. scales pluriseriate, flat, lanceo- late, glabrous, ciliolate; achenes puberulous. Var. a. polyphyllus; a rigid, much-branched, fastigiate shrub ; leaves crowded, 3-5 lines long, concave, with indistinct nerve. Zey./ 2749, 2729.° Var. 8. densus; similar to a, but more glabrous, with distinctly nerved leaves, 3-4 lines long. Zey./ 791. Var. y. glaber; slender, suffruticose, nearly glabrous ; leaves less closely set, 6-8 lines long. Felicia angustifolia, B. glabra, DC. 1. c, 220. Var, 3. setosus; suffruticose, pilose ; leaves setoso-ciliate, the younger ones also pilose. Zey./ 2729, b. 74 : COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Aster’. Has. Vars. 8 and 8, Rietkuil and Grootvadersbosch, Zey./ 8. Wolvekop, Burke and Zey.! a Zeederberg and Stormberg, Drege/ 8. Vanstaadensberg, Zey./ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) When fully grown this is a woody and scrubby, much-branched bush, 10-15 inches (or more) high. Leaves 3-8 lines long, more or less attenuated to the base, the adult (save in var. 8.) nearly glabrous; but even then the stumps of the cilia remain as serratures: by which character this seems to differ from A. angustifolius. 9, A. Zeyheri (Less. Syn. 177); shrubby, flexuous; branches pilose, becoming glabrous ; leaves oblong-cuneate or obovate, flat, one-nerved, obtuse, glabrous, closely and rigidly ciliate; heads on long, glabrous or pilose peduncles; inyol. scales glabrous, flat, linear-lanceolate, subacute ; achenes thinly pubescent. 7. Zeyheri, Nees, DC. l.c. p.220. Zey./ 27596. Has. Dry places near the Commandokraal, Zondag river, and on Vanstaadens- bergen, Zey.! (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.) A small, scrubby plant, 6-8 inches high, rigid and irregularly branched, the adult parts becoming glabrous. Leaves crowded, 4-1 inch long, 2-4 lines wide, greatly narrowed to the base, and fringed with short, rigid bristles. Peduncles 3-4 inches long, slender. Invol. 3-seriate. 10, A. erigeroides (Harv.); shrubby; branches virgate, appressedly pubescent, leafy ; leaves obovate, elliptic-oblong or broadly linear, ob- tuse, mostly 3-nerved, narrowed to the base, sparsely hispid becoming glabrous, serrulato-ciliolate; axils bearing leaf-tufts; lateral twigs naked toward the summit, ending in a fl.-head, forming a thyrsus or panicle of fl.-heads ; invol.-scales flattish, acute, ciliate, glabrescent ; achenes pubescent, narrow-cuneate, Felicia erigeroides, DU. l. c. 219. Var. 8. Schultesii (Harv.); more branched, less virgate ; leaves narrower, tapering much to the base. F. Nutalensis, Sch. Bip. Walp. Rep. 2. 956. Var. y. trimervius; less virgate, more ramulous ; the twigs longer, bearing 2-3 heads ; leaves larger and more obovate. Zey. 2740. F. trinervia, Turcz! Bull. Mose. 1851. vol. 24. 2. p. 60. Has. Near Natal, both a and 8., Drege! Krauss! Sanderson! Ger. § McK. 274. y. Uitenhage, Zeyher! (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) One to two feet high, robust, becoming quite woody. Branches 12-18 inches long, rodlike, closely leafy, bearing toward the summit many short, half-leafy flowering twigs. Leaves #-14 inch long, 2-4 lines wide: the lateral nerves not always apparent, but often visible even in the narrowest leaves of var. 8. The ray-fl. are pink or light purple. 11. A. Dregei (Harv.); shrubby, erect, branched; the branches, leaves and peduncles closely and minutely velvetty-pubescent ; the branches and peduncles angularly striate ; leaves oblong-spathulate, obtuse, nar- rowed much to the base, entire or nearly so, one-nerved ; invol.-scales flattish, linear, acute, fringed and bearded above ; achenes pubescent and ciliate. Zey.! 795. Fel. Dregei, DC. l. c. 221. Van. f. dentata (DC.) ; lvs. obovate, obtuse, sharply 3-5 toothed at the summit. Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege Heerelogement, Zey.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) One to two feet high. Leaves 6-8 lines long, 2 lines wide, often with axillary leaf-tufts. Peduncles 3-4 inches long. Disc fl. yellow “ changing to purple”; ray blue. The pubescence is remarkably close and knappy, formed of minute, > rs it this speci A. erigeroides, but is much 12. A. seabridus (E. Mey. !) 3 suffruticose, the old stems glabrate, itn Aster. | COMPOSITZ (Haryv.) 75 twigs puberulent ; leaves save the lowest alternate, scabrido-pulveru- lent, cuneate, narrowed at base, 3-5 toothed or lobed at the apex, the lobes obtuse ; pedune. terminal, glandularly puberulous ; invol.-scales linear-lanceolate, flattish, imbricate, in 3-4 rows ; ripe achenes sparsely pubescent. Aster scabridus, FE. Mey.! Agatheea scabrida, DO. 1. c, p. 225. Var. 8. brevifolius; old twigs spinescent ; lvs. shorter. Ag. brevifolia, DC. 1. ¢. Has. Between Hexriviersberge and the Bokkeveld, Drege! 8. i Drege! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) re eee a A rather slender suffrutex, but rigid, 1-1} ft. high, with spreading branches. Leaves in var. a, 6-8 lines, in 8, 2-3 lines long. Pappus rigid, as long as the fl., discoloured. Disc fi. reddish upwards. This comes very near A. Dregei, B. den- tatus, from which, except by the pubescence it scarcely differs. 13. A. hyssopifolius (Berg.! Cap. 287); shrubby, much branched ; branches pubescent or canous ; leaves linear or spathulate, flat, obtuse, thick, nerveless, spreading, strigoso-pubescent or canescent ; heads peduncled, the peduncle pubescent or canous; iny.-scales acute or sub- obtuse, pulverulent, or canous; achenes minutely pulverulent. Less. / Syn. 175. Var. a. hirtus; leaves thinly strigose, green. Aster hirtus, Thunb.! Cap. 688. F, angustifolia, a DC.! r: ed : Z Van. 8. rigidulus; leaves copiously strigose or rigidly pubescent, green. Felicia rigidula, DC.! l. ¢. 220. Var. y. linifolius; lvs. verylong(}—1 in.) tapering at base, rigidly pubese. Zey.! 2747. Var. 8. canescens; foliage silvery canescent, with rigid appressed hairs. F. rigidula, var. sub-canescens, DC.! Var. €. canus; all parts clothed with soft, dense, white hairs. Felicia cana, DC. 1. ¢. Var. ¢. Wallichii ; silvery canescent ; inv.-scales oblong-linear, obtuse! A. Wal- lichii, Harv. MS. Has. Var. a. Zwartland and Groenekloof, 7h./ Olifant’s R., Mundt and Maire. N. West regions, Drege! Springbokkeel, Zey./ 798, 3089. 8. Uitenhage and Albany, common. yy. Kommando Kraal, Zey.! 5. Grassrugg, Uit., #.Z./ Drege! Grahams- town, Burke/ e. Swellendam, £. Z. ¢. Cape, Dr. Wallich/ (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A much branched, at length woody and rigid, small scrub, 8-15 inches high: branches erect or widely spreading. Pubescence very variable, but never quite absent ; sometimes very white and copious. Leaves commonly 4 inch long, varying from 3-9 or in , 12 lines long, 1-14 lines wide. Rays blue. Var. ¢. differs from the rest in its broader and much more obtuse invol.-scales. 14? A. confusus (Harv.); “stem shrubby, branches rod-like, hairy- canescent ; leaves linear, flat, sub-obtuse, on both sides strigose-hairy ; heads solitary, on short peduncles ; invol. scales in 2-3 rows, the outer ones hairy.” DC. F. hirsuta, DC. 1. ¢. 220. Has. Beyond the Gariep, Burchell; Ceded Territory and Graaf Reynet, E. ¢ Z. ; Klaap river, Drege! - Leaves 5-6 lines long, erect, distributed along the whole branch, except a short, naked, peduncular extremity.”—DC. I have not seen Burchell’s or £. § Z.’3 speci- mens. Drege’s specimens (in Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) under this name may be thus described :—“ Shrubby, much-branched, flexuous or divaricate, the twigs glandularly pubescent and viseidulous; leaves narrow-linear, channelled, obtuse, erect or spreading, on both sides roughly setose or (in Herb. D.) setoso-ciliate; heads solitary, on short or long, glandular peduncles; inyol.scales in 2~3 rows, the outer minutely glandular.” These are very like some forms of A. muricatus, but differ in pubescence; I fear a very variable character. A specimen in Hb. Sd. from Drege, named “ F. imbricata,” agrees better with Decandolle’s F. hirsuta, but has long peduncles ! 76 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Aster. 15. A. discoideus (Sond.); shrubby, rigid, divaricately much-branched ; twigs closely leafy, viscidulous ; leaves linear-spathulate, flat, obtuse, nerveless, glabrous ; heads shortly pedunculate, discoid; invol. scales loosely imbricate, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, acuminate, at length squar- rose and reflexed ; achenes puberulous. : Has. Cape, Ecklon and Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.) A very rigid, depressed shrub, the old twigs hardening and almost spiny. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 4 line wide, sensibly narrowed to the base. Peduncles very short, or almost none. Heads globose, This is readily known by its discoid flowers. 16. A. rufibarbis (Harv.) ; shrubby, much-branched, slender, glaucous, sparsely setose ; leaves filiform, slender, scattered, spinoso-ciliate, pale ; heads on slender peduncles ; invol. scales linear, acute, triseriate, gla- brous ; achenes densely silky ; pappus copious, rusty-reddish ; rays scarcely longer than the pappus. Felicia, 103, 4, in Hb. Eek. Has. Cape, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.) A slender, pale shrub, 6-8 inches high. Branches striate, straw-colour, erect. Leaves 5-7 lines long, 4 line in diameter, margined with stiff bristles, otherwise glabrous. Peduncles 3 inches long. Heads small. Pappus a bright brick-dust colour, serrulate. -Achenes clothed with long, silky, white hairs. A very distinct species, but apparently allied to the following. 17. A. lasiocarpus (Harv.); “stem shrubby, dwarf, glabrous, glan- duloso-puberulent in the upper parts ; leaves linear, very entire, acute, tapering at base and semi-amplexicaul, the lower ones glabrous, the upper with the stem and involucres glandular; achenes densely silky, with appressed hairs.” —DC. Felicia lasiocarpa, DC. 1. c. 221. Has. Between Hexrivier and the Bokkefeld, 3000-4000 feet, Drege. “Stem 4 inches high. Leaves uncial, aline wide. Pappus rufous, d serru- late. Heads g-10 lines in diameter.” This I have not seen. A specimen from Drege in Herb. Sond. marked “ F. lasiocarpa, DC.” is merely a fragment of Mairea taxifolia ! 18. A. Burkei (Harv.); rigidly shrubby, divaricate; twigs glabrous, the older spinescent; leaves narrow-linear, flattish or channelled, thick, obtuse, scattered, glabrous or sparsely setose ; heads on short, pubescent peduncles; invol. scales oblong-linear, acute, keeled, 3-seriate, glabrous, subciliate ; achenes clothed with long hairs; pappus rufous, barbellate ; rays not much longer than the pappus, Zey./ 784. Has. Gamke river, Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Hk., 8d., D.) A rigid, scrubby, thick-stemmed bush, 6-8inches high, divaricately much-branched. Leaves 45 lines long, 4 line wide, slightly tapering to the base. Peduncles 2 inches long. Possibly only a scrubby, starved state of A. rujibarbis, but the habit is some- what different. 19. A. ficoideus (Harv.); quite glabrous, stem decumbent, rooting ; leaves opposite, fleshy, linear-semiterete, obtuse, quite entire, slightly narrowed at base; peduncles terminal, not much longer than the leaves; invol.-scales oblong, obtuse ; pappus fugacious, of 5-6 sete. Burch. Cat. n. 5311. Fel. ficoidea, DC. l. c, 221. Has. Eastern Districts, Burchell. Wet spots near the mouth of the Zwartkops on site flesh os ha 9) Stems striate, 1} : : ea . lines in diam. Leaves 1-14 in, long, 14 line wide. Fl. 4~5 lines across ; rays white! Aster. | COMPOSITA (Hary.) 77 20. A. Caffrorum Gees, Syn. 179); shrubby, much branched, nearly glabrous, twigs densely leafy ; leaves lanceolate-linear, flat, one-nerved, much attenuated at base, mucronate-acuminate, glabrous, spreading, margined with prominent glands ; heads on short, scabrous peduncles, corymbulose at the ends of leafy twigs ; invol.-scales pluriseriate, flat, with a glandular-reddish midrib and minutely lacerate, scarious margins; achenes quite glabrous. Felicia Caffrorum, Nees. Ast. 214. DOC. l.c. 221. Has. Caffraria, Krebs, No. 178. (Herb. Sond.) Of this I have seen only the flowering twigs. Leaves nearly uncial, 14-2 lines wide, thinnish, pierced with pellucid dots, either quite entire or with 1-2 lateral teeth. Heads 16-20 fl., numerous, crowded round the ends of the twigs. 21. A. retortus(DC.); “quite glabrous ; stem shrubby, the branches leafy to the summit ; leaves linear, acute, revolute-reflered with the nerve at base produced into a decurrent prominence ; outer invol. poales revolute-refleced, inner longer, erect.” DC. Felicia retorta, DC. ~C. 2231, Has, Near Gnadendahl, Burchell. 7793. (Unknown to us.) 22. A. imbricatus (DC.); “shrubby; branches densely covered with imbricating leaves, only at the extremity scarcely nude, one-head- ed; leaves linear, subacute, not tapering at base, thickish, with a prominent nerve, nearly trigonous, at the margins and sometimes on the midrib ciliate with bristles ; outer iny.-scales linear, hairy at back, the inner ones glabrous and scarious,” DC. fF. imbricata, DC. l. c. 221. Has. District of Worcester, Z. Z. (Unknown to us). ** Lvs. 4 lines long, a line wide. Hds.nearly asin A.echinatus. Ach.glabrous.” DC. 23. A. echinatus (Less.! Syn. 177); stem shrubby, branched, either hairy, thinly pilose, or quite glabrous; branches virgate, closely set with leaves throughout ; leaves broad-based, sessile, ovate-oblong or lanceolate-oblong, pungent mucronate, spreading or deflexed, glabrous, often ciliato-serrate ; pedune. one or several, subterminal, corymbose, short, hairy, with scattered bractlike-leaves ; inv.-scales dentato-ciliate, acuminate, either glabrous at back or rough with toothlike-bristles. Pteronia echinata, Thunb.! Cap. 629. Var. a. echinata; stem hairy; leaves ciliato-serrate ; iny.-scales very rough dorsally. Felicia echinata, DC./ 1. c. 222. Var. 8. Paralia ; stem glabrous or thinly pilose ; lvs. entire-edged or sparingly ciliate ; inv.-scales dorsally either glabrous or sparinglyscabrous. Fel. Paralia, DC. 1.c. Has. Plettenburg Bay, Bowie! Mundt! Outenaqualand, Burchell, Drege. / Knysna, Pappe/ Port Elizabeth, Mrs. Holland, 135. 8. Uitenhage, Burchell, Albany, E£. Z.! Mrs. F. W. Barber / Pt. Elizabeth, Dr. Pappe! (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A stout, small shrub, 1-2 f. high, with crowded, simple, erect branches, densely leafy. Leaves 5-10 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, at length deflexed. Heads large ; rays either blue or white. Variable in pubescence. I find intermediate states con- 24. A. reflexus (Linn. Sp. 1225); stem shrubby, fasciculately branched, glabrous or setose ; branches simple, flexuous, closely leafy throughout ; leaves broadbased, sessile, oblong or sublanceolate, strongly recurved, acute, glabrous, rigid, serrato-ciliate or entire; heads subsessile 78 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Aster. or shortly pedunculate, pedune. sparsely leafy, hispid; invol.-scales oblong, subacute, glabrous or with a few dorsal, toothlike bristles. Andr. Rep. t. 93. Bot. Mag. t. 884. Thunb. Cap. 689. Chrysocoma scabra, Th.! Cap. 627. C. Wright, 335. Felicia reflera, DC.1.¢.222. Steb. FL, 27. Var. f. brachyphyllus (Sond.) ; slender, with very small and nearly entire lvs. Has, Mts. round Capetown, common. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) Very variable in pubescence and in the marginal teeth of leaves, &c. A straggling under shrub. Stems and branches curving. Leaves 2-4, rarely 6-9 lines long, 1-14 lines wide. Rays white, purple on underside. Sect. 2. AcaTH#a. (Sp. 25-45). 25. A. Bergerianus (Harv.); annual; stem and branches densely hairy with long, spreading hairs; leaves opposite or alternate, obovate- oblong, denticulate, subacute, 1-nerved on both sides, hairy with long, sparse hairs; peduncles long, pubescent; invol. scales wnisertate, linear- oblong, obtuse, with a hairy keel and membranous margins; dise jl. ste- rule; achenes of ray whiteish-hairy, 2-ribbed, obovate, flattish. Elphegea Bergiana, Less.! Syn. 182. Cineraria Bergeriana, Spreng.! Agathea Bergeriana, DC. 1. ¢. p. 223. Var. £, alternifolia; leaves mostly alternate. Has. Lion’s Mt., Capetown, Eckl.! Pappe! B, Cape, Vilette! (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.) An upright annual, simple or branched, 3-8 inches high, very hairy, with long hairs. Leaves 1-13 inch long, 3-5 lines wide, not much narrowed at base. Heads smaller than in A. adjinis; the disc sterile—Var. 8 (in Herb. Hook.) differs merely by its alternate leaves. ; 26. A. annectens (Harv.); annual, slender; stem and branches pilose with long, spreading hairs; leaves mostly alternate, oblong- obovate or oblongo-lanceolate, denticulate, subacute, tapering at base, 1-nerved, on both sides hairy ; pedunc. long, pubescent ; invol. scales uniseriate, broadly-oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous, with wide, membran- ous margins ; disc. fl. mostly sterile ; achenes of ray pilose, wide-mar- gined ; pappus scanty, barbellate. Has. Groenekloof, Thunberg ! at the Paarl, W. H. H.,1838; Riv. Zonder Ende, Zey.! 2759, in part. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A small annual, 3-6 inches high. Leaves tapering much at base, 1-14 inch long, 2-3 lines wide. Pedunc. 2-4 inches long, naked or unibracteate. Inv. scales with a green dorsal line and pinkish or silvery, scarious, slightly jagged margins, about twice as long as broad. Rays strongly revolute. Readily known from A. Berger- ianus by its involucre. It is also allied to Charieis heterophylla, with which it is confounded in Herb. Thunb., and its pappus is of intermediate character. 27. A. adfinis (Less.! Syn. p. 174); annual, with a slender root ; stem and branches pubescent and pilose with long, spreading hairs ; leaves mostly alternate, obovate-oblong, tapering at base, subacute, 1- nerved, entire, on both sides hairy with long and short hairs, the lower leaves opposite ; peduncles long, pubescent; invol. pluriseriate, the outer seales keeled, hairy, acute, the inner flattish, glabrous, membran- ous ; achenes pubescent, 2-ribbed, oval, brown. Felicia adfinis, Nees. DC. 1. ¢. 219. Charieis heterophylla, Drege! Herb. (ex pte.) Van. 8, strictus ; stem panicled; leaves obovato-lanceolate, oblongo-lanceolate, » or linear-lanceolate, tely subdenticulate. Agatha stricta, DU. 1. c. 224. een octets : q 4 Aster. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 79 Has, Lion’s Mountain, Capetown, Ecklon! Namaqualand, A. Wyley! Modder- fontein, Rev. H. Whitehead! 8, Ricbechskasteel, Drege! Steendal, jy Se 1 Riv. apa? ane 2759 (2750). (Herb. Sd., D., Hk.) A branching, hairy annual, 3-12 inches high. Leaves 9-15 lines long, 2~4 lines wide, the upper smaller, Pedunc. 2-4 inches long. Heads sianey abe the disc fertile. Invol. in 2 or 3 rows, the outer scales nearly as long as the inner. Variable in size, branching, and pubescence as are most annuals. Var. B seems to me scarcely worth separating even as a variety, much less generically and specifi- cally from Lessing’s plant. Drege’s distributed specimens of Charieis heterophylla partially belong to this. 28, A. Namaquanus (Harv.); annual, with a thick simple root; stem branched from the base, glandularly pubescent and pilose ; leaves mostly alternate, oblongo- or obovato-lanceolate, tapering at base, obtuse or subacute, on both sides roughly hairy and glandular, papulose above, t-nerved ; peduncles terminal, glandular; invol. bi-seriate, the outer scales keeled, glandular, green, acute, the inner lanceolate with wide membranous edges and a green back, all barbellate ; achenes pubescent, 2-ribbed, obovate, black. Zey.! 796. Has. Bitterfontein, Namaqualand, Zeyher / (Herb. Sd., Hk., D., Cap.) Seemingly an annual, but more robust and glandular than any of our other annual Asters. Rootstock 1-14 lines in diameter, woody, deeply descending. Stems 4-10 inches high, erect, branched from the crown, closely leafy. Lys. very rough, the older ones almost echinated with the stumps of fallen hairs. Heads many-flowered ; invol. of about 20 scales. Disc partly sterile. This looks different from A. adfinis, but it is not easy to express the difference in words, except by saying that it is more robust, rough, and glandular. 29. A. Pappei (Harv.); annual, root fibrous; stems simple or divided near the base into many ascending, leafy, appressedly-pubescent branches; leaves mostly opposite, close, much longer than the internodes, linear or spathulate, thickish, with recurved margins, gland-scabrid and ap- pressedly-pubescent and ciliate; pedunc. long, shortly and softly pubes- cent; inv. uniseriate, of about 20 linear, obtuse, scabrous and barbel- late scales; rays 18-20, revolute ; disc fl. fertile; achenes minutely hispidulous; pappus of many rigid, serrulate, fulvous bristles. Has. Sandy spots on the Camp-ground, Rondebosch, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. Cap., D.) Root much branched. Main stem erect, 1-3 inches high, either simple or throw- ing out many opposite, spreading, ascending-erect, simple branches. Leafpairs }-4 inch apart. Leaves }-1} inch long, 1-2 lines wide, mostly tapering to the base. Pubescence short and close-lying, rather stiff: surface minutely glandular and rough. Heads many-fi., showy, closely resembling those of Chariets heterophylla, with which this species was inadvertently mixed in Herb. Pappe, but from which it differs in gen. char. and in foliage. It appears to me to be a very distinct species, though hitherto overlooked, within an half-hour’s drive of Capetown. Rays appa- rently violet-purple. 30. A. demissus (Harv.); annual, slender, diffusely branched, densely hairy with short, spreading hairs ; leaves opposite, distant, oval ors obovate-oblong (small), entire, densely hairy; peduncles long, pubescent ; invol. scales linear, acute, keeled, hairy at back ; “mature achenes nearly smooth on both sides.” —DC. Agatheea diffusa, DC. 1. c, 224. Has. Draakensteensbergen, Drege! (Herb. Sond.) A slender, hairy, spreading annual, of which I have only seen a single, imperfect specimen, Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1-14 line wide. 80 COMPOSIT (Harv.) [A ster. $1. A. tener (Harv.); annual; stem erect, simple below, oppositely or alternately branched above, sparsely pilose ; leaves, save the upper- most, opposite, remote, sessile, 3-nerved, oblong or lancevlate-oblong, dis- tantly callous-serrate, membranaceous, thinly hispid; pedunce. elongate, shortly hairy and scabrous; invol. scales lanceolate, the outer hispid, inner membranous, glabrous. Agatha tenera, DC. /. c. 224. Has. Cape, Th / near the Gariep, Drege! Groenekloof, Pappe! (Hb. D., Th., Hk., Sd.) 12-15 inches high, sometimes much-branched, leaves 14-2 inches long, half- clasping, 3-5 lines wide. Pedunc. 3-6 inches long, pale. Heads 4-6 lines across. Rays blue. Confounded, in Herb. Thunb. with Amellus strigosus (Aster. strigosus, Th., ex pte.). Dr. Pappe’s specimens are much stronger and more branched than Drege’s; their branches and upper leaves frequently alternate. Root much branched. 32. A. hirsutus (Vent.); shrubby, with decumbent branches ; leaves petiolate, ovate, sparingly sinuate-toothed, hispidulous ; invol. 2-3 seriate; disc. fl. fertile, rays deeply 3-toothed at the point. Munychia hirsuta, DC., l. c 222. Cineraria hirsuta, Vent. Malm. t. 95. Has. Cultivated from the Cape. (Unknown to us). 33. A. Cymbalarie (Thunb.! Cap. 689); herbaceous or suffruticose, diffuse, pubescent or hairy ; leaves opposite, long-petioled, ovate or oblong, 3—5-crenate or toothed ; peduncles lateral and terminal, elon- gate, 1-headed, hairy; invol. scales 1-2-seriate, linear-acute; achenes sparsely hispid. Munychia Cymb. Nees, Ast. 218. DC. Prod. 5, p. 223. Var. 8. Ionops; pubescence shorter and rougher ; dise-fl, violet-purple. — Has. Among stones about Table Mt., near the summit, Thunb., Mundt, Ecklon, Drege, &c.; B. Mitchell's Pass, A. Wyley? (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) Old stems woody at base, much-branched, 2-12 inches long or more. All parts clothed with spreading, long or short hairs. Peduncles 4-1} inch long. Leaf like that of Veronica hederefolia, 4-8 lines long and wide, sometimes cordate at base. Pedune. 3-5 inches long. 34. A. petiolatus (Harv. Thes. t. 154); many-stemmed, procumbent or pendulous; stems very long, subsimple, pubescent ; leaves alternate, sub-distant, petiolate, ovate, coarsely 3~5-toothed, membranous, veiny, dotted; pedunc. terminal, naked, 1-headed; invol. scales sub-biseriate, equal, pilose, lanceolate ; ovary puberulous ; pappus rough. Has. District of Albert, and in Basutuland, hanging over precipitous rocks, T. Cooper! 658 and 727. (Herb. D., Hk.) Stems 1-2 feet or more long. slender, terete, simple, with or without a few short, lateral ramuli, ending in a naked, t-headed peduncle. Leaves {-1 inch long, 4-6 lines wide, on each side 2-toothed, with a deltoid, terminal tooth, the teeth mucronu- late. An interesting species, with the general aspect of A. Cymbalaria, but with alternate, distant leaves. : a ee : 35. A. Candollei (Harv.); perennial, many-stemmed ; stems ascen- ding, subsimple, closely leafy at base, hairy with long, soft hairs ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, acute, tapering much at base, denticulate beyond the middle, thinly-membranous, hairy and ciliate with long, soft hairs, 3-nerved at base ; peduncles long (scapelike) pubescent ; invol.-scales subuniseriate, keeled and hairy-backed, acute ; achenes obovate, black, sparsely hispidulous, and with a hairy margin. Munychia Cymbalari- odes, DO. 4. 6: PROM Aster. | CoMPOSsIT (Hary.) 81 Has. About Table and Devil’s Mountain, Ecklon’ Waterfall, on E. side of Devil’s Mt., W. H. H. (Herb. D., Sd.) Stems 2-6 inches long, closely leafy, ending in along, naked peduncle, 3-8 inches long, and sometimes having a single, slender bract in the middle. Leaves 14-2 in. long, $-} inch wide, drying very pale, and in that state translucent and netted with slender veins ; the base tapering into a cuneate, 3-nerved, imperfect petiole. DC. states the disc-fl. to be sterile; but some of the outer ones at least are fertile. IT venture to alter the specific name, because the term ‘‘ cymbalarioides” serves to mislead. The leaves may be much more justly compared to those of Silene Capensis. than to those of A. Cymbalarie. 36. A. Natalensis (Harv.); herbaceous, nearly stemless, perennial ; radical leaves sub-rosulate, opposite, oblongo-lanceolate, denticulate, on both sides coarsely hairy ; flowering-stem scapelike, hirsute, one-headed, with several scattered linear-oblong or linear bracts (depauperated leaves); heads many-flowered ; invol.-scales biseriate, subequal, flat, one-nerved, lanceolate-linear, sub-acute, densely hairy, the inner membranous ; achenes (young) pubescent ; pappus copious, uniseriate, rough. Aga- thea Natalensis, Sch. B. in Walp. Rep. 2. p. 956. Has. Summit of the Tafelberg, Natal. Krauss/ No. 381. (Herb. Hook., D.) Root woody, cylindrical, premorse, with long, thickish fibres. Leaves crowded round the crown, 2-3} inches long, }-1 inch wide, subacute, shaggy with long, whitish hairs. Scape 3-6 inches high with 6 or 8 leafy bracts, }-1 inch long, and 1-2 lines wide. Heads resembling those of A. alpinus. Pappus of about 20 sete. 37. A. serratus (Thunb! Cap. 689); stem ascending, branched, leafy, glabrate or scaberulous ; leaves alternate, subamplexicaul, broad- based, oblong-linear, acute, 3-nerved, erecto-patent, glabrous, calloso- serrulate ; flowering branches from the upper axils, scabrous, with 2-3 small, narrow leaves, one-headed ; invol.-scales linear, acuminate, his- pidulous ; ovaria sparingly hispidulous. Less/ Syn. p. 173. Agathwa serrata, Nees —DC., l. ce. 223. Has. Cape, Thunberg! (Herb. Thunb.) Root, according to Thunberg, ‘‘annual;” but I think this doubtful. Stem robust, a foot or more high, branched from the lower part, the branches long and simple, erect. Leaves }~1 inch apart, 1-14 inches long, 2—3 lines wide, sometimes sprinkled _ with rough, callous points, otherwise glabrous. I cannot understand why Lessing ee in a whorl:” they are not only all scattered, but rather distantly so. 38. A. linifolius (Harv.); shrubby, scaberulous; leaves mostly alter- nate, linear-lanceolate, acute, thin (sub-pellucid veiny), setoso-serrulate, _with subreflexed margins, on both sides glabrous or nearly so; pedune. setose upwards ; invol.-scales sub-biseriate, pubescent and glandular, 3-ribbed ; achenes hispidulous. Agathea Zeyheri, Nees.—DC. l. ¢. 224. Cineraria linifolia, Zey. MSS. Has. Uitenhage, Zeyher/ (Herb. Sond.) Of this I have only aa an imperfect specimen: it comes near A. serratus. Leaves 10-15 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, tapering at base, when held to the light sub- pellucid between the closely-netted veins, but not ‘ pellucid-dotted” in the usual sense of that term. ; 89. A. barbatus (Harv.); shrubby, divaricately much-branched ; twigs set with long bristles; leaves mostly opposite, crowded, linear- oblong, blunt, thick, on the under side and margin bearing long, stiff 3 VOL. Il. 6 82 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Aster. bristles ; peduncles elongate, glandularly pubescent ; invol.-scales linear, acute, setose and barbato-ciliate, glandular; achenes hairy. Agathea barbata, DC. 1. c. 224. Has. Graaf Reynet, Drege/ Riv. Zonderende and Zwarteberg, Zey./ 2755+ (Herb. Hk., Sd.) ye A rigid, scrubby bush, about a foot high. Lys. 5-8 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, the longer ones tapering to the base. Pubescence very rigid, except on the pedune. and invol. 40. A. elongatus (Thunb.! Cap. 688); suffruticose at base, diffusely much branched ; stem, branches, leaves, and peduncles hispid with long, spreading or deflexed, rigid hairs; leaves opposite or alternate, sessile, lanceolate-linear, linear or oblong or ovate-oblong, acute or ob- tuse, midribbed, membranous, quite entire, often glandular-pubescent ; pedune. long, naked ; invol.-scales biseriate, equal, the outer hispid and glandular, the inner glabrous or nearly so; achenes hispidulous. Less. / Syn. 170. Agathea hispida, DC. f lc. 224. Var. a, Thunbergii; leaves lanceolate-linear, subacute, mostly opposite. A. elongatus, Hb. Thunb.! Agathea hipida, DC. 1. c. 224. Var. 8. barbiger ; leaves broadly linear-oblong, obtuse, opposite. Ag. hispida, var. barbigera. DC. : Var. . erassifolius ; lys. opposite or alternate, thickish, obovate or spathulate. Var. 6. spathulefolius ; leaves mostly alternate, crowded, glandular and pilose, obovate or spathulate. Var. ¢. Pappei; leaves mostly alternate, lin.-lanceolate, acute, glandular and ciliato-pilose ; heads small. Var. ¢ Candollei ; leaves alternate, distant, ovate-oblong, acute. Agathaa elong- ata, DC. in Herb. Drege! (an sp. propr.?) _ Has. Zwartland and Saldanha Bay, Th.’ Cederberg, Drege / Stellenbosch Mt., W. H. H. B. near the Gariep, Drege! y. Albany and Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber! 5. Berg Riv., Zey./ 787. «. Steendahl, Tulbagh, Dr. Pappe/ ¢. near the Gariep, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) Many-stemmed, often forming large spreading tufts, slender, ascending. Leaves in vars. a. and 8. mostly opposite ; in the other vars. alternate, variable in shape, texture, and indument; in 6. and ¢. mostly, but not constantly, well covered with minute, raised glands, mixed with the scanty or copious hairs, 3-1-1} inches long, 1-3-4-5 lines wide, either broadbased (in ¢.) or usually tapering, Pedune. 5-10 inches long. Ripe achenes black, sparsely bristled. Of the above varieties the last (¢) is the most distinct looking, but being only known to us by the fragments distributed by Drege, we cannot venture to separate it specifically : its distant and broad-based leaves are remarkable. Ri 41, A. hirtus (Hary.); suffruticose, ascending, branched ; branches. elongate, leafy, terete, with minute powdery pubescence mixed with — rigid jointed bristles ; leaves oblong-linear, sessile, entire, with sub- revolute margin, rigidly ciliate on margin and nerve, the lowest opposite, the rest alternate ; peduncles terminal, long, glandularly pubescent and setose ; invol.-scales rough with swollen-jointed bristles, and glandular ; achenes puberulous. Agathea hirta, DO. 1. ¢. 224. Has. Breedriver, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Branches near the root, curving upwards, 12 inches long or more, Leaves 6-8 lines long, not tapering at base, rigid in substance, and rough with very stiff, subulate, joi bristles. Pedunc. 6-10 i » The bristles ane ee ate unc, 6-10 inches long. Rays blue. Aster.| COMPOSIT (Hary. 83 42. A. strigosus (Licht. Herb.) ; shrubby, much branched, erect ; branches hirsute, densely leafy; leaves opposite, half-amplexicaul, erect, oblong or lanceolate-oblong, subacute, on both sides densely covered with long, rigid, white hairs ; pedune. elongate, glandular and scabrid ; inv.-scales 2-seriate, narrow-lanceolate, the outer scabrid and _ pilose, I-nerved ; pappus barbellate. Aster Charieis, Less. Syn. 171. Leyssera ovata, Thunb.! Cap. 692. Kaulfussia strigosa, Spr. f. suppl. 25. Agathea strigosa, Nees, DCU. 1. c. 225. Has. Roggeveld, Thunb., Lichtenstein, Olifant’s R., Mundt amd Maire. Sand- hills between Klein R. and Cape L’Agulhas, Z. Z./ Uitenhage, Zey.! (Hb. Sd , Th.!) A small bush, 1 or more feet high, the old branches bare and ash-coloured, the younger closely leafy. Foliage pale, almost canous with copious long hairs. Leaves 6-8 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, thick, t-nerved, slightly recurved at the top. Pedune. 3-6 inches long. Achenes hispidulous. Pappus almost plumose. This has nearly as much right to range with Mairea as with Aster. 43. A. Ecklonis (Less.! Syn. 170); shrubby ; branches glandular and pilose, closely leafy; leaves mostly alternate (but crowded), nar- row-oblong, broad-based, sessile, subacute, entire, with revolute margins, above rough with prominent glands, dotted beneath, the young ones somewhat pilose; pedune. elongate, glandular ; invol.-scales sub-biseri- ate, lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, glandular; achenes black, puberulous. Agathea Ecklonis, Nees. DC. l. ¢. 225. Cineraria trachyphylla, Spr. Syst. 3, 547: , Has. Between Kraderivier and Duyvenhoeks R., Ecklon’ (Herb. Sond.) 44. A. Capensis (Less. Syn. 168); shrubby or suffruticose ; leaves mostly opposite, oblong-obovate or roundish-elliptical, obtuse, either sessile or tapering into a short, imperfect petiole, roughly hairy or pilose, with reflexed margins; inv. scales 1-nerved, hispid-strigose, lan- ceolate ; achenes minutely scaberulous. Agathea amelloides, DC. l. ¢. 225. Oineraria amelloides, Linn. (ex pte.) Agathcea ceelestis, Cass. Var. B, rotundifolia ; root annual? (fide Thunb.). Aster rotundifolius, Thunb. ! Cap. 689. Less. Syn. 172. Agathea rotundifolia, Nees. DC. l. e. 223. Has. Table Mountain, Thunberg; Potberg, Ecki.; Vanstaadensberg, Zey./ 2758 ; Knysna, Dr. Pappe! Howison’s Poort, meu Mr. Hutton! Var. B, Cape, Thunberg! Zwartkops R., Zey./ 2757. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) Often confounded, especially in gardens, with A. #thiopicus, but usually much more roughly hairy, and always distinguishable by its hispidulous achenes. Except in its reputed annual root, I cannot distinguish A. rotundifolius ; the specimens so- named in Herb. Thunb. appear to me to be certainly plants of the first year, but deubtfully annual. | 45, A. Athiopicus (Burm.); shrubby, erect, variably pubescent, or » glandular or subglabrous; branches rodlike, closely leafy; leaves oppo- «.\~~ site or alternate, spreading or deflexed, subsessile, oblong or obovate, obtuse, mostly rigidly ciliate on margin and midrib (or glabrous), some- times thinly hispid on one or both sides; inv. scales 3-nerved, glandu- lar; achenes guite smooth and glossy. Less. Syn. p. 169. Agathwea micro- phylla, Cass. DC. 1. c. 225. Cineraria microphylla, Vahl. Var. 8, glandulosa ; branches and foliage glandular; leaves linear-oblong or lan- ceolate, scabrous. Has. Platteklip, Table Mt., Ecklon, &c.; Simon’s Bay, C. Wright, 324; Caledon, 6* Lew 84 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Diplopappus. E.Z.! Zuureberg, Drege / Uitenhage, Zey.! Albany, Burchell. 8, Hemel and Arde, Zey.! 2760. (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.) : ? A slender shrub, 1-2 ft. high. Lvs. 6-8 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, in B, 1 line wide. Stem either glabrous, pubescent, hispid or glandular. Achenes always gla- brous and very smooth.—Often cultivated in England for A. Capensis. 46. A. leiocarpus (Harv.); suffruticose at base; stems diffuse, much branched below (often trailing), roughly pubescent ; leaves alternate, oblong-cuneate or spathulate, sharply 3-5 toothed at the apex or entire, sessile, on both sides hairy, ciliate below; pedunce. slender, puberulous, elongate; invol. scales 2—3-seriate, lin.-lanceolate, acute, 3-nerved, pu- berulent, ciliate, the outer shorter; ripe achenes quite glabrous. Agatha leiocarpa, DC. l. c. 225. Has. Drakensteenberg, Drege! W. H. H. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Slender, the diffuse branches 12-15 inches long, sparsely leafy. Lvs. 3-14 inch long, 1~24 lines wide, the lateral teeth-lobes spreading. Heads small, the disc-fl. sterile, downy. Ray achenes dark brown, soon calyous, glossy, and quite glabrous. Doubtful Species. A. tricolor (Agathea tricolor, Nees. Ast. 267); “shrubby? leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate, entire, on both sides patently hirsute; inv. scales narrow, I-nerved ; achenes setulose ; rays 2-coloured.” (Perhaps a var. of A. elongatus ? ) A. amoenus (Agatha, Sch. B.) ; “root annual; stem branched, 4 span long ; leaves cuneate, linear, ciliate chiefly below, glabrous, with axillary tufts, of shorter, linear leaves; pedunc. long, naked, as well as the wniseriate, 21-leaved invol., densely pubescent ; disc fl. mostly fer- tile ; achenes pubescent; pappus of 20 bristles. Walp. Rep. 2, 956. Has. Sandy shore at Hout Bay, Krauss. A. Kraussii (Agathza, Sch. B.); “shrubby; leaves opposite, oblong, acute, sessile, very entire, as well as the invol., densely covered with short, glandular hairs ; achenes quite glabrous, black. Walp. Rep. 2, 956. Has. Near Constantia, Krauss. (Probably a var. of A. dithiopicus.) XVIII. DIPLOPAPPUS, DC. ~~ Heads many flowered, radiate ; ray fl. in one row, female ; dise-/l. hermaphrodite, 5-toothed. ecept. flat, somewhat honeycombed. Jnvol. imbricate. Achenes oblong, compressed. Pappus of disc and ray double, the outer of short, the inner of long, rough bristles, DC. Prod. 5 p. 175: Shrubs or herbs, natives of both hemispheres, various in habit. Leaves alternate or fascicled. Ray fl. blue or white ; disc yellow, Name, from dirAcos, double and TANTUS, pappus. Sect. 1. Fruricos#. Much branched, glabrous shrubs, with linear or filiform, mostly tufted leaves. Leaves flat or flattish, basally attenuated... ... ... ... (1) fruticulosus. Leaves linear-filiform, somewhat channelled ... ... ... (2) filifolius. Sect. 1. Herpacew. Simple-stemmed, perennial herbs, with 3-5-nerved, scat- tered leaves. RON A NEY i ase ok ne a ee ee Glabrous : edges of the oblong leaves perfectly smooth ... (4) levigatus. Glabrous; edges of the lanceolate leaves cartilagineo-serrulate (5) serrulatus. Diplopappus.] COMPOSITE (Harv.) 85 Sect. 1. Froricos#. Glabrous shrubs, with narrow, tufted leaves. (Sp. 1~2). 1. D. fruticulosus (Less.); a much branched shrub ; leaves Jinear, basally attenuate, flat, quite entire, r-nerved, gland-dotted, glabrous ; lateral ramuli short, peduncular, r-headed; inyol. scales glabrous, 1-nerved, the nerve ending in an oblong gland. DC. Ul. ¢. p. 275. Aster fruticosus, Linn. Th. Cap. 687. A, fruticulosus, Willd. Bot. Mag. t. 2286, Also D. extenuatus, Nees. DC. 1. c., and D. obtusatus, Less. DC. 1. c, Aster obtusatus, Willd. A. rosmarinifolius, Spr. Has. Very common round Capetown, and throughout the W, districts. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk. &c.) A bush, 2-3 feet high and across, densely branched and twiggy. Flowering twigs very numerous and closely set, lateral, the leafy part }-1} inch long, the peduncle 1-3 inches. Rays blue. Achenes villous. 2. D. filifolius (DC. 1. c. 276); similar to D. fruticulosus except that ( the leaves are linear-filiform, very narrow, channelled. Aster filifolius, .)~ Vent. Malm, t, 82. Duplostephium fil. Nees. Ast. 197. Diplopappus tereti-. folius, Less. Syn. 165. < Hg Var. 8. elongatus (DC.) ; leaves not tufted, uncial, without glands ; peduncles | longer, D. elongatus, DC. l. c. : Has. Throughout the Colony. Tulbagh, Pappe. Uitenhage, Zey’ Albany, Williamson. Natal, Miss Owen, &c. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) 6 Only known from the precedingby its narrow leaves. The peduncles are most variable in length. Zey. 794, from Groot-valleyberg (Hb. Sond.); seems to be a bad specimen of this species. Sect. 2. Herpace#, Simple stemmed herbs, with 3~5-nerved leaves. (Sp. 3-5). 3. D. asper (Less.); stem herbaceous, ascending-erect, simple, scabrous or rigidly-setose, ending in a long or short, 1-headed, leafless peduncle ; leaves ovate-oblong, oblongo-lanceolate or broadly linear, 3—5-nerved, sessile, entire or coarsely few-toothed, on both sides scabrous, hispid and ciliate ; invol.-scales acuminate, flat, dorsally pubescent, margined. DC. lc. 276. Calendula hispida, Th./ Cap. 704. Dipl. Natalensis, Sch. Bip. in Hb. Krauss, 399! Zey. | 2763. Var. 8, pleiocephalus ; heads sometimes several ; rays white or pale ; invol.-scales nearly glabrous. i , Has. Throughout the Eastern Districts, Caffraria and at Natal. 8, near Ladysmith and Greytown, Natal, Gerr. and M‘K., 340,1009. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk., &c.) Stems 6~12 inches high. Leaves very variable in length, breadth and shape, always harsh to the touch, 2-5 inches long, 3 lines to an inch or more wide. Peduncle 2-12 inches long. Heads an inch or more across ; the rays uncial, bright blue. D. Nata- lensis, Sch. B., which I have from Dr Sutherland, and Mess. Gerr. and M‘K., as well as from Arauss, varies in all its attributed characters. 4, D. levigatus (Sond.); stem herbaceous, ascending-erect, glabrous, rib-striate, ending in a 1-headed, leafless, 1-2 bracteate peduncle ; leaves ovate-oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse or subacute, 3-nerved, half- amplexicaul, very entire, with a thickened, perfectly smooth margin, glabrous ; invol.-scales acuminate, flat, glabrous ; achenes densely silky. Has. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zey.! 2764. (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) - 86 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) | Hvigeron. This resembles D. Asper, but is perfectly glabrous and smooth in all parts, with smaller flower heads. Leaves 2-24 inches long, 4-1 inch broad. 5, D. serrulatus (Harv.); stem herbaceous, ascending-erect, glabrous, rib-striate, ending in a 1-headed, 2-3 bracteate peduncle ; leaves lanceo- late or linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3-nerved, half-amplexicaul, with a thickened, cartilagineo-serrulate margin, glabrous ; invol. sc. acuminate, flat, glabrous ; achenes thinly pilose. Zey.! 800. Has. Magalisberg, Burke and Zey.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Similar to D. levigatus, but with much more acuminate and narrower, scabro- serrate, rigid leaves, and much less hairy achenes. Leaves 2-3} inches long, 2-5 lines wide. Doubtful genus—allied to Diplopappus ? g ASTEROSPERMA, Less. Heads radiate. Style-branches in the disc-fl. tipped with a short cone, and pubescent with suberect hairs. Achenes wingless, beakless, flattened, 2-ribbed. Pappus similar in disc and ray, in two rows, the outer bristles short, inner long. Less. Syn. 389. DC. Prodv. VIL. p. 299. 4 A much-branched shrublet, resembling Aster hyssopifolius, hairy canescent, with scattered, linear leaves. Tay-fl. blue; disc-fl. yellow. Heads solitary, on the ends of leafless branches. Name from Aster, and omepua, a seed; the achenes are like those of an Aster. 1, A. chrysocomoides (Less. 1. c.); DC. 1, ¢. p. 300. Cape, Lessing. (Nothing further known of this plant.) XIX. ERIGERON, L. Heads many-fl., heterochromous, radiate; ray-fl. female, in many rows, linear, equalling the disc (or longer); dise-fl. tubular, 5-toothed, either all perfect, or the outer female, the inner hermaphrodite, or all abortive. ecept. naked, honey-combed, fimbrilliferous. Achenes com- pressed, beakless. Pappus bristleshaped, rough, in one row. DO. Prodr. 5. p. 283. A large and widely spread genus, chiefly from the Northern Hemisphere. The only S. Afr, species is a weed, originally of N. American origin, but now found in most settled countries. Name from np, early, and yepwr, an an old man; soon grows seedy. 1. E. Canadense (Linn.); stem erect, hispid, paniculately much- branched ; leaves linear-lanceolate, ciliate. Heads small, very nu- merous ; rays scarcely longer than the cylindrical involucre, very nar- row; achenes oblong, shortly pubescent. DC. 1. c, 289. Has. Eastern Districts and Natal, Drege, Hutton, Gerr. & McK., 323, &e- (Herb. D., Sd. &c.) One to two feet high, annual. Lvs. crowded, 2-2} in. long, 1~2 lines wide. Rays white. XX. NIDORELLA, Cass. Heads many-fl., heterogamous, homochromous, radiate ; ray-flowers female, very shortly strapshaped or bilabiate, in one, two or several rows ; disc-fl. tubular, 5-fid, hermaphrodite, the central ones sometimes sterile. Invol. campanulate, imbricate. Recept. honeycombed. Anth. without Nidorella.]} COMPOSIT (Harv.) 87 tails. Achenes oblong, terete or subcompressed, mostly downy. Pappus in one row, of roughish bristles, slightly connate at base. DC. Prod. 5, p. 331. Herbs or half-shrubby plants, natives chiefly of S. Africa. Leaves alternate, toothed or entire. Heads corymbose, rarely solitary. Flowers all yellow, the rays sometimes paler than the disc. This genus differs from Erigeron (to which it is re-united by Schultz Bip.) in having ray-fl. “homochromous,” or of the same colour as those of the disc. Name from nidor, a strong smell, which these plants have. Sect. 1. GENuINE. Heads densely corymbose, (Sp. 1-14). A. Lys. either pinnatifid, lobed, or toothed : Lys. on slender petioles, ovate orcordate,coarselytoothed (1) mespilifolia, Lys. tapering at base, lobed or pinnatifid : Deeply pinnatifid; lobes lanceolate, acute... ... (2) pinnatilobata. Lobed or pinnatifid; lobes few, obtuse : Stem and lvs. sparsely bristly and rough ... (3) resedeefolia. Stem and lvs. roughly and copiously hairy (4) hirta. Leaves tapering at base; the upper sessile, auricled, obovate or oblong, toothed or entire ... ...... (5) auriculata. Leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, nearly glabrous, distantly toothed = 26. s.ocasks i. © ec? -c.. . (6) linifolia, B. Lys. quite entire or obscurely repand : Pappus copious. Ray-fl, flat, obtuse or 3-toothed : Pubescent ; hairs short, scabrous or glandular : Lys. acute or acuminate : Subsimple. Ray-fl. sharply 3-toothed (7) solidaginea, Much-branched. Ray-fi. bluntly toothed (8) polycephala, Lys. obtuse, linear-cuneate : Lvs. scattered, distant... ... 1 =. *() resedefolia, B. Lys. crowded, often tufted ... ... ... (9) foetida, — Woolly or villous ; hairs long and curled ... .... (to) Hottentotica. Glabrous or nearly so; leaves long : Frutescent. Cauline lvs. lanceolate, petiolate : Lys. quite entire, gland-dotted ...... (11) punctulata, Lys. callous-toothed, gummy ... ... (12) conyzoides. Herbaceous. Rad. lvs. very long; cauline half-clasping, sub-decurrent, undulate (13) undulata. Pappus of few, small bristles. Ray-fl. 2-lipped ... (14) depauperata, Sect. 2. Spurt#. Heads solitary, on terminal peduncles. (Sp. 15-16). Herbaceous, erect, subsimple. ‘Lvs. glandular-linear (15) exilis. ~ Shrubby, divaricately much-branched, hispid and setose (16) Gariepina. 1. N. mespilifolia (DC. 1 ¢. 321); suffruticose, loosely-branched, glabrescent ; leaves on slender petioles, cordate or ovate, coarsely incise-toothed ; heads corymbose. Aster mespilifolius, Less. Syn. 180. N. Natalense, Sch. B. Mss. Erigeron ( Nid.) clematideus, Sch. B. Walp. Rep. 2, p. 958. Has. Districts of Stellenbosch, Eck.; Uitenhage and Albany, Br. Caffraria and Natal, common. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) : : : : A half-climbing or scrambling plant, some feet in height, with spreading branches. Pubescence very scanty and minute. Petioles sub-uncial, very slender. Leaves 1-14 inch long, }—-1} inch wide, acuminate, with 3-6 large teeth at each side. Peduncles ending the branches, naked, striate, either being a single, dense corymb, or panicled, each branch corymbose, Achenes very minutely-downy. 2. N. pinnatilobata (DC. 1. c. 321); suffruticose, sub-simple or corymbose at top, the whole plant scabrido-pubescent ; leaves tapering at base into an imperfect petiole, inciso-pinnatitid or pinnato-partite, the 88 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Vidorella. lateral lobes 2-4, lanceolate, acute ; corymb compound, many-headed. Var. §. glabriuscula ; thinly-pubescent ; the leaves sub-glabrous, narrow, with involute margins and channelled lobes. Has. Between the Zwartkey and Basche, Drege! Caledon, Dr. Pappe/ 8. Cape, Bowie! in Hb. Hk. (Herb. Hk., Cap.) ‘ Two feet high or more, rather robust, the tall, simple stem ending in many leafy flower-branches, nearly of equal height. Leaves 1-14 inch long. Invol. scales linear, subacute. Rays very short, obovate. 3. N. resedeefolia (DC. 1. c. 322); herbaceous, erect, the stem and petioles sparsely bristly ; leaves scabrido-pubescent, amplexicaul, taper- ‘ing at base into a petiole, the uppermost entire, the lower pinnate- parted, lobes in 1-2 pairs, oblong, blunt, mucronulate, the terminal broader, obovate-oblong ; corymb compound ; invol.-scales oblong, glabrous, ciliolate. Zey./ 804. Var. £. rapunculoides ; all the leaves entire, or the lowest inciso-lobulate. . rapunculoides, DC. p. 323. Has. Little Namaqualand, near the Gariep, Drege/ Caledon R., Burke and Zeyher! Zulu land, Miss Owen/ Natal, Sanderson! B. Neuweveld, Beaufort, and Zondag and Koega Rs., Drege! (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) 2 to 3 feet high, simple or branched ; the branches spreading, somewhat corym- bose. Leaves from a broad base, 14-24 inches long, the terminal lobe 3-5 lines wide. All the lobes suddenly mucronulate. Fl.-heads crowded. Drege’s specimen of N. rapunculoides, DC., in Hb. Hook. has the lower leaves inciso-lobulate. 4. N, hirta (DC. 1. c. 322); “herbaceous, subsimple, erect; stem roughly hairy; leaves hairy-scabrid, the lower oblong, tapering at base into a long petiole, entire or here and there lobulate, the rest dilated at base and semiamplexicaul, pinnate-partite, the pinne in 1-2 pairs, oblong linear ; corymb compound, crowded; invol,-scales linear, acute, omewhat hairy at back.” DC... Has, On the Stormberg, 5-600 feet. Drege. (Unknown to me), “* Allied to N. resedeefolia. Cor. of ray deep yellow. Ligule very small. Lvs. often fascicled.” DC. ; de 5..N. auriculata (DC. |. c. 322); herbaceous, erect, subsimple or corymbose, the whole plant shortly and closely pubescent or scabrous- pubescent ; leaves more or less distinctly eared at base, oblong or ob- ovate, the upper subsessile and entire or nearly so, the rest tapering at base into a long or short petiole and coarsely toothed, veiny beneath ; corymb compound, dense ; invol.-scales obtuse, thin, glabrescent and ciliolate. Erigeron Kraussi, Sch. B. Var. B. obovata; ears small; lvs. shortly petiolate, obovate. N. obovata, DC. tl. ¢. Var. y. Semecionidea; ears small; lower leaves on 1 io} blong. NV. sene- cionidea, DC.1.c. Zey.! 2768. ee ee Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany ; Kaffraria and Natal, common. (Hb. Th., Hk., D., Sd.) A coarse plant, 2 f. high, variable in the breadth and toothing, shape and pubes- cence of the leaves, sometimes with a large, rounded, earlike lobe at the base of the leaf, sometimes with a small and angular, or with an obsolete ear. Pubescence rigid, though short. I find it impossible to separate, by persistent characters, the 3 species of De Candolle here united. One of the folia of “Inula fatida” in Herb. Th. belongs to this. Nidorella.] COMPOSIT& ( Harv.) 89 6. N. linifolia (DC. 1. ¢. 322); herbaceous, erect, simple, nearly glabrous, stem scaberulous ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminate, am- plexicaul, the upper sessile, entire, the lower tapering to the base, distantly callous-toothed above the middle; corymb compound, dense; inv.-scales linear-oblong, subacute, glabrous, ciliolate. Has. Near Port Natal, Drege! (Herb. Sond., Hk.) A slender, virgate herb, with long, narrow leaves. Lower leaves 3-4 inches long, 3-4 lines wide ; upper 1-14 inch long, 1-2 lines wide. Rays very minute. 7. N. solidaginea (DC. 1. c. 322); root woody ; stems herbaceous, erect, subsimple, below sparingly setose, above closely and minutely scabrid-pubescent; leaves linear or lanceolate-linear, entire, acute, scabrid-pubescent, the upper ones broad-based, the lower tapering at base, setose beneath and more or less ciliate; corymb compound; the pedicels and acute, 1-nerved invol.-scales scabrid-pubescent ; rays nar- row, sharply 3-toothed, longer than the involucre. Has. Witbergen and Stormberg, Drege! (Herb. Hook.) Stems 2 feet high, rodlike, rib-striate. Lvs. 14-2 inches long, 2 lines wide. 8. N. polycephala (DC. 1. c. 323) ; “herbaceous, erect, paniculately much branched, the whole plant covered with short, greyish pubescence ; cauline-leaves half-clasping, elongate, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, 3- nerved; rameal linear, 1-nerved, all quite entire, or 1-2 toothed ; corymb of each branch compound, dense ; invol.-scales acute, puberu- lous.” DC. l. Has. Betw.Omtendoand Omsamceulo, Drege! Orange State, Cooper, 1035. (Hb. D.) ‘Two f. high. Cauline leaves 3 inches long, 3 lines wide ; rameal 1 inch long, 1 line wide. Rays small, obtusely 3-toothed, paler than the disc.” DC. Mr. Cooper's specimen agrees very well with the above description of DC. save that the leaves are now and then unidentate. 9. N. foetida (DC. 1. c. 323); stem erect, herbaceous, simple, hispid ; leaves densely crowded, linear-cuneate, tapering to the base, obtuse or subacute, very entire, scabrid on both sides; axils mostly leaf-tufted ; corymbs panicled, dense ; invol. scales linear, puberulous or glabrate ; rays very minute, obtuse. Hrigeron factidum, Linn. Inula foetida, Th.! Cap. 667. Nid. foliosa, Cass. Var. 8, hyssopifolia ; more slender, with less crowded leaves and smaller heads. N. hyssopifolia, DC. l. e. ‘ Has. Dry hills round Capetown and Kamp’s Bay ; Verloren Vlay, Wallich. 8, ae ke) and in Uitenhage, Albany, and Kaffraria, Z. Z. (Herb. Thunb., 1-2 ft. high, simple, or divided from the base, the lower part of the stems densely covered with patent, tufted leaves; the upper part rather bare. Leaves 1-14 inch long, 2 lines wide, pale green, thick, with an immersed nerve. Pubescence rough and short. Rays paler than the disc, and scarcely so long. Var. 8, which I have seen in Herb. Sond. and received from Gerr. § M’K. 261, does not materially differ from the normal form. 10. N. Hottentotica (DC. 1. c. 323); stem lignescent at base, erect, villous or woolly ; leaves entire, thinly or densely woolly, above some- times becoming glabrate, the lowest obovate, tapering into a petiole ; the medial oblong-cuneate, obtuse, narrow at base, the uppermost broad- 90 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Nidorella. based, mucronate ; corymb compound ; inv. scales linear, glabrous or thinly villous, pale. Var. 8, lanata ; all parts very densely woolly, with long, curled hairs. Has. Beyond the Gariep, between Klaarwater and Litaku, Burchell ; Mooje R. Zey.! 904; Zululand, Miss Owen! Var. 8, Wonderfontein, Bechuanaland, Zeyher/ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) . Distinguished from other species by its woolly pubescence, which in var. 8. i very copious. The inflorescence resembles that of N. fetida. 11, N. punctulata (DC. 1. c. 323); “quite glabrous; stem shrubby, with viscidulous branches; leaves tapering into a petiole, elongate- lanceolate, acuminate, quite entire, on both sides marked with minute, glandular dots ; corymb compound; pedunc. compressed ; inv. shorter than the pappus, and even than the disc, its scales obtuse.” DC. 1. ¢. Has. Beyond the Gariep, between the Asbestos Mts. and Wittewater, Burchell. « Lys. 3-4 in. long, 3-5 lines wide, thickish. Ray fl. female, minutely ligulate.” DC. 12. N. conyzoides (Harv.); suffruticose, nearly glabrous, viscidulous ; leaves tapering at base into a short petiole, broadly lanceolate, callous- toothed, penninerved, acute or acuminate ; heads densely corymbose, pedicels puberulous ; inv. scales oblong, obtuse, quite glabrous; ray-fl. very minute, ovate-spoonshaped, denticulate. Has. Delagoa Bay, Capt. Owen! (Herb. Sond.) This has much the habit of Conyza ivefolia, but with broader leaves and more densely crowded heads: the marginal flowers are truly ligulate, though the expanded portion is so short as to be overlooked without close examination. Leaves 3-4 in. long, 1-14 in. wide, rather ont § penninerved, the nerves proceeding at an angle of about 75° to the margin ; veinlets netted. : 13. N. undulata (Sond.) ; herbaceous, quite glabrous, ascending- erect ; stem angular, simple ; leaves entire or remotely repand-toothed, the radical very long, linear-oblong, strap shaped or lanceolate, much attenuated at base, the cauline at base cordate, semi-amplexicaul, sub- decurrent, lanceolate-linear, acute or subacute, undulate, the margin slightly recurved ; corymb panicled, dense ; invol. scales linear, obtuse ; rays very minute and narrow. Chrysocoma undulata, Th.! Cap. p. 627. Nidorella amplexicaulis, DC. § N. longifolia, DC. 1. ¢. 324. Zey. 12766. Has. Cape, Thunb./ Eastern districts, Burchell; Zuureberg, Drege! Vanstaa- dens Mts., Uit., £. Z./ Howison’s-Poort, Hutton! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) Root thick. Stem rising from a curved or deflexed base, 2-3 feet high, robust. Rad. leaves 8-14 inches long, ?-1 inch wide, obtuse or acute ; cauline 3-6 inches long, 4-5 lines wide, the upper ones smaller. They vary in having a widely-cordate, clasping base, or a slightly-cordate one, as N. awriculata does. Heads very small and numerous. 14. N. depauperata (Harv.); herbaceous, erect, viscidulous ; stem very straight, simple or branched, scabrous ; leaves erect, the lowest linear-oblong, obtuse, much-attenuated at base, scabrous and pilose; upper linear, rigid, one-nerved, scabrous and ciliate, flat or involute, the very uppermost broadbased, short and ovato-lanceolate ; heads small, in compound corymbs ; invol.-scales shorter than the disc, broadly oblong, obtuse, glutinous ; ray-fl. very minute, bilabiate ; pappus of very few, small, unequal, rough bristles. Zey.! 803. Nidorella.} COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 91 Has. Wolvekop, Caledon R., and Magalisberg, Burke §: Zey.! Mohlamba Range, Natal, Dr. Sutherland! 5-6000f. (Herb. Hk., Sd., D.) . Stem 1-2f, high, either quite simple, or split into many very erect appressed branches. Lowest leaves (including the long, tapering petiole) 2—3 inches long, spathulate ; upper ones }, 1, 14 inch long, 1-2 lines wide ; those of the corymb 4-2 in. long, ovato-lanceolate. All parts rough to the touch, exuding gummy matter. Heads minute. The bilabiate corollas of the ray-fl., and few scales of pappus are irregular in the genus, but the habit and other characters are those of Nidorella. Disc-fl. sterile, their anthers scale-tipped, broad ; stigmata perfect.— Dr. Sutherland’s specimen has rather broader and more acute leaves, but does not otherwise differ. 15. N. exilis (DC. 1. c. 324); “stem herbaceous, lignescent at base, erect, depauperated, naked above ; branches few, long, one-headed ; leaves linear, subacute, quite entire, all, as well as the branches, covered with minute, glandular pubescence, the lower longer, and pilose with long, scattered, white bristles; heads solitary, on long peduncles; inv.- scales subimbricate, flat, linear, acute, as long as the dise ; rays 8~1o, in the dry state revolute ; achenes villous.” DC. -Has. Clanwilliam, #. § Z./ (Herb. Sond.) Of this I have only seen a specimen from which the fi.-heads have disappeared. Stem 6-12 inches high, slender. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1 line wide, thickish, rigid, one-nerved. 16. N.? Gariepina (DC. 1. c. 324); suffruticose, divaricately much- branched, terete, hispid with spreading bristles ; leaves linear, obtuse, one-nerved, on both sides hispid and setose ; fl.-branches shortly naked at the summit ; inv.-scales linear, acuminate, pluriseriate, hispid, scari- ous and ciliate at the margin ; achenes slightly downy ; rays minute. Has. Dry places near the Gariep, Drege! (Hb. Hk., Sd., D.) Very diverse in habit from others of this genus, resembling an Aster of the sub. gen. Felicia, except in its ray-flowers. Leaves spreading, 5-7 lines long, 1 line wide. Recept. quite naked. Invol. at length reflexed. Pappus copious. Doubtful Species. N. floribunda (Lehm. Hort. Hamb. 1851. Linn. XXV. p. 310); “stem shrubby, erect, much-branched, pubescent ; leaves short-petiol- ed, oblong-lanceolate, serrulato-dentate, veiny, glabrescent, beneath and en the margins rough with short pubescence; cormyb many-headed, fastigiate ; rays equalling the disc, bluntly 3-toothed ; young achenes silky.” Walp. Ann. 5. p. 192. Cult. at Hamburg, from Cape seeds. A garden var. of NV. auriculata? N. Sprengelii (Sch. B. in Walp. Rep. 2. 958); half-shrubby, roughly pubescent ; stem corymbose, densely leafy ; lvs. oblong-linear-cuneate, 3-nerved, the lower toothed, upper entire, with axillary leaf-tufts ; heads numerous ; inv.-scales oblong. Has. Near Melkout-Kraal, Hb. Zeyher. N. Kraussii (Sch. B. 1. c.); corymb many-headed, compound ; stem suffruticose ; lvs. ovate-elliptical, very entire or rarely toothed; the whole plant canescent with short hairs. Has. Cape, Krauss. 92 COMPOSIT# (Harv.) [ Fresenia, XXI. GARULEUM, Cass. Heads many-flowered, monoecious, radiate ; ray-fl. strap-shaped, female; dise-f. tubular, 5-toothed, male, with abortive ovules. Aecept. convex, naked. Jnvol. scales biseriate. Style of the disc-fl. with diver- gent branches, externally hairy, glandular at the margins inside. Ovarves of the disc oblong. Achenes of the ray obovate-oblong, 3-4-ribbed, beakless, roughish ; of the disc plano-compressed, smooth, empty. Pappus none. DC. Prod. 5, p. 399. S. African half-shrubby plants. Leaves alternate, pinnatifid, with toothed lobes. Heads terminal, pedunculate ; the ray blue, disc yellow. Name unexplained. Pubescent : Hee Lys. incised, the lobes with hook-pointed, subulate teeth (1) latifolium. Lys. pinnate-parted, the lobes bluntly-toothed ... ... (2) pinnatifidum. Glabrous, but scabrid; lvs. sub-bipinnate, with subulate lobes (3) bipinnatum. 1, G. latifolium (Harv.); densely scabrido-pubescent; leaves broadly- oblong, inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes coarsely toothed, serratures callous, subulate, hook-pointed. Has. Tongaat river, Natal, W. 7. Gerrard. (Herb. D.) ‘* Two to three feet high, with blue flowers.” Stem and foliage densely and roughly, but minutely pubescent.’ Upper leaves only seen by me; these are 13-2 inches long, 1 inch wide, cleft halfway to the midrib, the lobes 3-4 lines wide. The hooked serratures are remarkable. Peduncles woolly. 2. G. pinnatifidum (DC. 1. c. 309); minutely velvetty ; leaves pinnatz- partite, the lobes oblong, toothed, serratures blunt or subacute, callous- tipped. Osteosp. pinnatifidum, Th. Cap. 717. L’ Her. Nov. St.t. 11. O. cce- ruleum, Ait. Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 179. Gar, viscosum, Cass. Sg — Drege! A. Wyley! Seven Fountains, Burke § Zey.! (Herb. .» Hk., Sd. One to two feet high, much-branched, minutely glandular and viscid, all parts downy. Leaves 1-13 inch long, } inch wide, pinnately cleft to the midrib or nearly so; lobes 1-1} line wide, few-toothed. Pedunc. glandular and downy; serratures sometimes broad and shallow, sometimes narrow and deep. 3. G. bipinnatum (Less.); scabrous, rigid ; leaves pinnate or bipinnati- partite, the lobes subulate, acute, few-lobed or simple. DC. 1. ¢. 309- Osteosp. bipinnatum, Th. Cap. 717. Zey. vort. Has. Hantum, Thunb.; in the Karroo, Drege! E. § Z.! Zondag river and Graaf Reinet, Drege! Jackal’s Fontein, Burke § Zey.! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) About a foot high, the whole plant glabrous, but sprinkled with rough points, rigid. Branches flexuous. Leaves uncial, once or twice pinnately parted ; the lobes awl-shaped, sub-pungent. XXII. FRESENIA, DC, Heads many-fl. (15-16 fl.), homogamous. Jnvzol. scales 3-seriate, imbricate, linear, submembranous at margin, bearing a dorsal row of 1-3 glands. Recept. areolate, narrow. Cor. tubular, glabrous, 5-toothed, not wider at the throat. . Anth. without tails. Style as in Chrysocoma. Achenes compressed, beakless, silky-villous. Pappus double, the outer of short, narrow scales, the inner of long, rough bristles. DC. Prod. 5, 328- Glabrous suffrutices, with linear, opposite or alternate, entire leaves. Peduncles Chrysocoma. | COMPOSIT (Harv.) 93 1-headed. FI. pale-yellow. Name in honour of Fresenius, a Frankfort botanist, who wrote on Arabian and African plants. I have not seen Drege’s Fresenia? 5843, from the Kromriver. 1, F. leptophylla (DC. 1.c.); leaves opposite, linear-subulate, glabrous. Has. Cederberg, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.) Much-branched, woody, 6-12 inches high. Leaf-pairs nearly an inch apart. Lys. 3-6 lines long. Nerve of the invol. scales ending in a long, prominent gland. 2. F.? scaposa (DC. 1. c.); “leaves alternate, crowded at the base of the branches, linear, »i//ows with appressed hairs.” —DC. Has. Near Driekoppen, Karroo, Drege. ‘Stem woody, dwarf: old branches clothed with the remains of leaves. Leaves 6-8 lines long, either quite linear or wider near the tip. Fl. branches 3 inches long, 1-headed, softly hairy. Invol. scales linear, villous. Cor. yellow, glabrous. Achenes oblong, silky-villous. Pappus double, rough, the outer short.”—D0. 1. ¢. XXIIL CHRYSOCOMA, Cass. Heads many fl. homogamous. Lecept. naked, somewhat honey-combed. Invol. campanulate, shorter than the flowers, imbricate, of oblong- lanceolate scales. Achenes laterally flattened, beakless, hispidulous. Pappusin one row, of slender, rough bristles. DC. Prod. 5, p. 353. 8. African shrublets, with linear, scattered, mostly entire rarely lobed or pinnatifid leaves. Branches ending in long or short, 1-headed peduncles, rarely corymbose. Heads globose, yellow. Name, from xpusos, gold, and xoun, ahead of hair; alluding to the numerous bright yellow fi. heads. 1, Eu_Chrysocoma.—Shrubs, with narrow, sessile leaves. Heads solitary. Leaves linear or filiform ; Leaves rigidly ciliate ; setose beneath... ... ... .-. ... (2) ciliata. Leaves glabrous, entire : Leaves flat, at least 4 line wide ; heads stalked ... (1) Coma-aurea, Leaves linear-filiform, about } line wide. Flowering branches leafy to the summit or nearit (3) tenuifolia. Fl. branches ending in a long or short peduncle : Lys. 2-5 lines long; unc. <7 ... (4) peduncularis. OES: as. see Lvs. elliptic-obl Em Pgs od “4 obleagifotia. oie vs. elliptic-oblong, Hipidly ciliate: © 2.5 c..- iss (6) i Lys. lobed or pinnatifid : Lys. 2—3-lobed, the lobes linear, blunt ... ... ... «=. (7) tridenta’ Lvs. pinnatifid, lobes on each side 2-3, blunt ... ... ... (8) pimmatifida. 2. Heteropsis.—Herbs, with decurrent, pinnatifid leaves. Heads corymbose. Stem 2 ft. high, scabro-pubescent ; lvs. lyrate or pinnatifid (9) decurrens. Sub-genus I. Eu-Chrysocoma.— or. narrow, funnel-shaped, with recurved lobes. Style deeply bifid. Sete of pappus straight, rather broader at the points. Small rubs, with narrow, entire or lobed, sessile leaves. Heads solitary (Sp. 1-8). 1. C. Coma-aurea (Linn. Sp. 1178); shrubby, glabrous or nearly so ; leaves scattered, linear, subacute, spreading or recurved, quite entire; heads shortly pedunculate,-120-150 flowered. DC. 7. ¢. p. 353. Pluk. Alm. t. 327, f. 2. C. aurea, Th. Cap. p. 626. C. patula, Linn. Th. Cap. Le. O. cernua, Linn. Thunb. ! Cap. l. ¢. (ex pte.). Sieb, fl. Cap. n. 32. Has. Western districts, common. (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk., &c.) A much branched shrub, 1-1} feet high, the branches corymbose, fastigiate, 94 COMPOSIT (Harv.) | Chrysocoma. curved, erect, glabrous, or the younger parts sub-pubescent. Leaves 7-10 lines long, 4-line wide, obtuse or sub-acute, squarrose. Flowering branches 3-6 inches long, sparsely leafy, the apex bare of leaves. Heads 5-7 lines long. The leaves are occasionally sparsely ciliate. 2. C. ciliata (Linn. Sp. 1177); shrubby, the twigs pubescent; leaves scattered, linear, obtuse or subacute, erect or erecto-patent, rigidly ciliate and setose beneath ; heads shortly pedunculate. Thunb. Cap. 627. DC. 1. c. 353. C. ciliaris, Willd. . Has. Cape, Thunberg, E. Z.! Kaus, near the Gariep, Drege! (Herb. Sd., Hk.) Similar to C. Coma-awrea, except for the pubescence, which though variable in amount is very copious, especially on the young parts. The branching is more diffuse, and flexuous ; the leaves more erect and the peduncles shorter. The peduncles in Drege’s specimen are nearly glabrous ; in Z. ¢ Z.’s, densely pubescent and much shorter. 2. C. tenuifolia (Berg. Cap. 285); shrubby, glabrous or nearly so ; leaves scattered, linear-filiform, short, obtuse, spreading or squarrose, or erect with spreading points, quite entire ; fl. twigs leafy nearly or quite to the summit; heads 80-go-flowered. DC. 1. ¢. 353. @. cernua, Th. (ex pte.) Ch. microphylla, Thunb ! Cap. 626. Zey.! 2769. Var. 8. microcephala, leaves shorter (1-3-lines long) and more erect ; heads 50-60-flowered. Ch. microcephala, DC. l.c. Zey! 2767, 2798. Has. Distr. of Worcester, Swell., Uit., Albany, and in Kaffraria and Natal. (Herb. Th. D., Sd., Hk.) Smaller in all parts than C. Coma-aurea, with narrower, less flat leaves, and smaller and more sessile heads, and } shorter flowers. Leaves 3—7-lines long, } line wide. I find at least 50 flowers in the heads of var. B., which grows in the same localities as the normal state, and which chiefly differs by its shorter leaves,—a very variable character. 4. C. peduncularis (DC. 1. ¢. 353); shrubby, the young twigs sub- pubescent; leaves scattered or opposite, linear-filiform, short, obtuse, erect or squarrose, quite entire ; heads on longish, naked peduncles, about 50-flowered. Has. Saldanha Bay, Namaqualand, £.Z./ Stormberg and Camiesberg, Drege / (Herb. D., Sd., Hk.) About the size of C. tenuifolia, var. B, with similar but more erect leaves. Pedune. 1-2 inches long, thinly puberulous. 5. C. longifolia (DC. lL. c. 354); shrubby or suffruticose, glabrous ; leaves scattered, 1-2 inches long, narrow-linear, obtuse, erect or erecto- patent, quite entire ; heads shortly pedunculate, about 50-flowered. Has. Near Ebenezer, Oliphant R., and Nieuvalei, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk.) Less branched than the preceding. Lvs, 1-2-2 inches long, } line wide. Pedunc. scarcely uncial. Drege’s specimens of var. 8, patula, DC., marked “a” seem to me to belong to C. tenurfolia ; those marked “ b,” to the present. Or perhaps this is an extravagant form of (. tenuifolia. 6. C. oblongifolia (DC. 1. c. 354) ; shrubby, dwarf, divaricate ; lvs- ic-oblong, flat, spreading, rigidly ciliate, glabrous ; heads peduncu- late ; inv. scales linear-lanceolate, acute, imbricate, subscarious at mat- gin. C. ciliata, E. Mey. fide DC. Has. Between Hexrivier and the Bokkeveld, Drege / (Herb. Sond.) Pteronia. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 95 A small scrubby shrublet. The leaves on the younger branches and twigs are 3-4 lines long, and 1-2 lines wide ; those on the older branches, which spring from oo a old leaf-scars, are often fascicled, and linear or linear-spathulate, with or without cilia. 7. C. tridentata (DC. 1. c. 354); shrubby, glabrous or nearly so; leaves thickish, linear, 3-lobed or trifid, the upper ones sometimes linear, entire or with one lateral lobe ; heads shortly pedunculate ; iny. scales linear-lanceolate, with scarious edges. Has. Zwarteberg, and near Kendo, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.) A foot or so in height, erect, with rod-like branches. Leaves 3-6 lines long, the lobes 4 line wide, either opposite each other or alternating, or one or both abreast, Heads nearly as in C. Coma aurea, 8. C. pinnatifida (DC. 1. c. 354); “shrubby, glabrous; leaves sessile, oblong-linear, thickish, pinnatifid, lobes on each side 2~3, entire, obtuse, the margins subrevolute ; heads peduncled.” DC. Has. Zwarteberg, Drege. “ Stem 2 feet high, simple, shortly panicled at the apex. Inv. purplish. FI. pale- yellow,” DC.— Unknown to us. Sub-genus 2, HeTeropsis. Cor. campanulate, with a slender tube and erect lobes. Style shortly bifid. Sete of pappus flexuous, taper-pointed. A tall herb, with simple stem, ending in a corymbose injlorescence. Leaves decurrent in narrow wings along the stem. 9. C. decurrens (DC. 1. c. 354); stem angular, herbaceous, -sub- simple, thinly pilose ; leaves alternate, sub-distant, elongate, roughly hispid, inciso-pinnatifid, decurrent at base, the lateral lobes alternate, short, toothlike ; corymb panicled, fastigiate, the subdivisions dense ; invol. scales scabrous. Var. 8, pterocaula ; lower leaves lyrate, the lateral lobes short and blunt, the upper lanceolate. C. pterocaula, DC, l. c. Has. Witberg, at the foot of the mountains, in upland valleys and on flats, 4500- 5000 ft., Drege/ Var. 8, Leeuwenspruit, between Kraai River and the Witberg, 4500 ft., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Stems 2 ft. or more high, 2—3 lines in diameter ; the leaves 1-2 inches apart, 2-4 inches long, 2-4 lines wide, the lobes nearly 3 in. apart and 1-2 lineslong. Flowering branches corymbose, each division corymbulose, 4-6-headed. Heads 60-80-flowd. Achenes minutely pubescent. Var. 8, from nearly the same locality as a, differs so slightly that I cannot keep it specifically apart. Of it, however, I have only seen an imperfect specimen. Drege’s specimens of var. a. vary in the shape of the leaves. XXIV. PTERONIA, L. Heads discoid, homogamous, many-fl., rarely 3-1-flowered. Recept. honeycombed, the margins of the cells either short or fringed. Jnvol. imbricated in many rows. Achenes compressed or top-shaped, glabrous or villous, rarely shortly-tapering at the summit. Pappus in many rows, bristle-shaped, bristles thickish, closely barbed, often concrete at base. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 356. A large and natural genus of S. African small, dry, or glutinous shrubs. Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, mostly entire, glabrous or hairy, often ciliate. Heads terminal, solitary or corymbose. Inyol. scales scarious, often shining. Flowers yellow, rarely purple.-—Name, from rrepoy, a wing. Excluded. Pteronia, 2772 in Herb. Drege,—Ambraria, 96 COMPOSIT (Harv.) ( Artificial Analysis of the Species ). [ Pteronia. A. Heads 3 or more, in tufts or corymbs at the ends of the branches : (a) Leaves alternate, linear-subulate : Heads few-flowered, subsessile ; achenes hairy... Heads many-fl., ending leafy branches ; achenes glabrous... : (b) Leaves opposite, sheathing at base, linear or subulate : Heads 1-3, many-flowered ; lvs. filiform . Heads 3, sessile, 3—5-f1.; vs. short ... Heads corymbose, pedicelled, 3—5-fi.; lvs. filiform Heads densely fascicled, sessile, 1-f1.; ‘Ivs. subulate (c) Leaves opposite or ternate, not sheathing at base : Leaves linear-trigonous, glabrous : Leaves in threes, hook-pointed ; heads co- rymbose Leaves opposite, ‘obtuse ; heads 1 1-3, pedi cellate, clammy Leaves opposite, hook-pointed ; “heads in , Sessile .., Sus Leaves linear-oblong, flat, nerved, powdery Leaves broadly ovate or oblong, sub- — Leaves flat, pale, powdery .. = Leaves wavy and curled, glandular he B. Heads solitary at the ends of the branches, (3) baecharoides, 8. (51) camphorata. (20) flexicaulis, (21) paniculata, B. (21) paniculata, (22) fasciculata. (4) uncinata, (13) pallens. (14) tricephala. (39) quinquefiora. (5) divaricata. (24) undulata. 1. Inv. sc. close- -pressed, often viscid, mostly broad, blunt, bluntish or mucronate. (a) Leaves alternate (at least the upper ones). Glabrous ; leaves smooth. ; achenes hairy Glabrous ; lvs. rigidly ciliate ; achenes glabrous Hispid and scabrous ; lvs. linear; _ achenes hairy Pulverulent ; achenes Tny. scales membr.-edged, pet lvs. acute Inv. scales not bordered, straw-colour ; lvs. DING... oss 7 re (b) Leaves opposite, not glabrous. Softly-tomentose or canescent : Lys. lin.-oblong, 1-2 lines wide, 4-5 1. long Lys. elliptic-oblong, nerved, 3-5 lines — 8-10 lines long... . se Pulverulent-scabrous or ‘glandular : Inv. scales round-topped, membr.-edged ; lvys. acute, faintly nerved... . Inv. scales ovate, subacute, ‘not “bordered ; lys. acute, midribbed __.... Tnv. scales straw-colour, obtuse ; ‘Ivs. blunt, nerveless ... : Rigidly pubescent or hispid : Leaves ciliate, linear-lanceolate ; fl. purple Leaves oval or oblong-lanceolate ; fl. yellow (c) Leaves opposite, glabrous (sometimes ciliate) : Leaves oval or round; inv. scales with a white border __... Lvs. (small) oblong-linear or oblong, nerved : Heads 4-flowered ; iny. scales with a —— membr. border... ... Heads several-fl. ; inv. scales. rigid, opaque : Achenes densely hairy : Leaves sub-connate; inv. scales aoe aoe Achenes sel Ae Bt inv.scls. viscid (16) gymnocline. (49) onobromoides. (32) villosa. (31) centauroides, (10) lucilioides. (9) cinerea. (25) ovalifolia. (31) centauroides, (7) oppositifolia. (10) lucilioides. op i (36) leucoloma. (29) Candollei. (12) glomerata. (17) ciliata. (45) viscosa, Pteronia.| COMPOSIT# (Harv.) 97 Leaves linear or lin.-lanceolate, flat, not ciliate : Flowers yellow : Inv. scales softly fringed, callous ti (33) eallosa, Inv. scales —— , Tigid — ee glabrata. Flowers purple... .. --- (23) hirsuta, +. Lys. linear-terete, trigonous or filiform, not ciliate : Leaves sheathing at base, linear-filiform ... (20) flexicaulis, Leaves not sheathing at base: Lys. from 5 lines to an inch or more in length; Inv. scales dry, quite entire, membr. edged... .. ... (18) suceulenta, Inv. se. dry, rigid, opaque, serrato- lacerate ... (38) tenuifolia, Inv. sc. clammy, ciliolate, “‘mem- brane-edged, lacerate ... (13) pallens. Inv. sc. sub-viscid, ey silky: ciliate... ... (35) turbinata, Leaves 1—3- rarely 4- lines long : Twigs scabrous; heads obovoid, viscid, many-fl. .. (46) elongata. Glabrous; heads cylindrical; ‘scales memb. edged... (37) cylindracea. Glabrous, dwarf; heads. oblong-top- shaped; scales horny ... ... (43) empetrifolia, Leaves rigidly ciliate : Glabrous : Inv. scales mucronate; achenes villous (34) mucronata. Inv.sc.subacute; achenessparsely pilose (45) viscosa. Tny. sc. obtuse ; achenes —— glan- anlar... .. «. (48) adenocarpa. Twigs scabrous : Achenes sparsely pilose ... ... ... (46) elongata. Achenes quite glabrous... ... .... (47) stehelinoides. 2. Invol. scales loosely imbricated, dry, linear, lanceolate or acuminate, often with wide, membranous Leaves alternate (at least the upper ones). Leaves, ae and ee ee age with minute, harsh points... s .. (50) seabra. Leaves glabrous or nearly 50: Achenes glabrous; leaves filiform ... ... (51) eamphorata. Achenes pubescent, or densely : Leaves pete ames crow’ fur- rowed beneath .. (3) baccharoides. Lys. lin. ~spathulate; inv. scales linear, tuse .. (2) glaucescens, Lys. linear, obtuse, pe ‘lines long : inv. scales acuminate... ... ... (28) leucoclada. Leaves oval or oblong : Obtuse; inv. scales broadly ovate, with a wide, membr. border ... (26) Acute ; inv. scales lin, — acuminate... .. (1) aspalatha. Lys ————* 10-12 lines. long: inv. lanceolate, acuminate ...... (30) acuminata. Leaves opposite, or pepe eres 80: Achenes hairy or villous : Iny. sc. ovate, with a wide, membranous border: Pappus bright red (1vs. glaucous, small, ovate oroblong) ... .. + (11) erythrocheta. Pappus pale, whitish or fulvous : VOL. III, 7 98 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) [ Pteronia. Glabrous (leaves oval or oblong, GUS). a. ee eee Powdery or sub-canous on twigs and young leaves : Heads 5-fl. Leaf-pairs distant (39) quinqueflora. Heads several-fl. Lvs. close. Leaves 4-5 ls. long, 1-14 line wide ... ... ... (27) membranacea. Lys. 1-2]s.long,}in.wide (15) beckioides. Inv. scales obtuse, with a very narrow, mem- branous border: Inv. scales oblong or ovate-oblong ; leaves 3-6 lineslong ... ... ... (8) incana, Inv. scales linear; leaves 1-3 lineslong (41) leptolepis. Inv. scales opaque, entire or ciliolate, acute: Glabrous. Invol. sc. lanceolate-oblong, entire wee owes cose soe dee? Woes (40) leptospermotder, Minutely canous. Inv. scales broadly- ovate, downy, ciliolate ... ... ... Outer achenes hairy ; inner glabrous; inv. scales oblong, obtuse... ... ... ss. eee eee +e. (44) heterocarpa. Achenes glabrous ; inv. sc. lanceolate, acuminate (51) camphorata, «. (42) glauca. Sect. 1. Sceprnta. Heads many or few-fl. Recept. honey-combed, shortly fimbril- liferous. Achenes terete or subcompressed, villous, not tapering into a neck. (Sp. 1-22) 1. P. aspalatha (DC. 1. c. 356); “glabrescent ; leaves scattered, sessile, elliptical or oblong, nerveless, rather fleshy, acute, the lower with 1-2 marginal teeth ; heads shortly pedunculate, terminal, many fl. ; inv.-scales linear-lanceolate, acuminate, as well as the twigs and upper leaves minutely puberulous.” DC. Has. Betw. Karroe R. and Dwaal, Burchell, 1427. Nieuweveld, Drege? (fide DC.) A scrap without flowers from Drege, in Herb. Sond, said to belong to this species, seems referable to Pegolettia polygalefolia. We therefore give the present species wholly on De Candolle’s authority. 2. P. glaucescens (DC. 1. c. 357); the young parts downy, other- wise glabrous; leaves alternate, close, linear-spathulate, glaucous, some- what fleshy, nerveless, quite entire, obtuse; heads ending leafy branches, subsessile, 10-12 fl. ; inv.-scales linear, obtuse, loosely imbricated ; achenes silky ; pappus tawny. Has. Nieuweveld, Drege / (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) A scrubby, rigid, robust, small shrub ; the old twigs hardening and spinescent, divaricate. Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1 line wide, narrowed to the base. Heads small. Tnvol. loosely 3-seriate ; the scales dry but not membranous. Our specimens are far from perfect. 3. P. baccharoides (Less.! Syn. oo ; glabrous; leaves alternate, crowded, spreading, linear-trigonous, keeled, when dry furrowed beneath, acute or subacute ; heads sessile or subsessile, 3-12-flowered, either corymbose or solitary ; inv.-scales varying from narrow-oblong to ovate, 1-nerved, entire, subacute or acute, the inner longer; achenes topshaped, densely silky. Osteospermum teretifolium, Thunb.! Cap. 713. O. trigo- num, Spr. Syst. 3, 628. Var. a. Lessingii ; heads 8—12-flowered, the inv.-scales ovate. P. baccharoides, Less.! Pt, acerosa, var, multiflora, DC. 1. c. and P. baccharoides, DC. Pteronia.| COMPOSITE (Hary.) 99 Var. B. acerosa; heads 3~-5-flowered, mostly co bose ; iny.-scales narrow- oblong. Pt. acerosa, DC. l, c. 357. Vars. athe ‘dad t-dore, gsi Has. Districts of Uitenhage and Albany, common. (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd A much-branched, upright bush, 1~2 f. high ; branches closely leafy to the aie. mit. Leaves 4-7 lines long. Heads variable in size and number of flowers, and in the breadth and shape of the invol.-scales, even on the same branch! Vars. a. and 8. therefore, are only casually distinct, 4. P. uncinata (DC. 1. ¢. 357); glabrous; leaves 3 in a whorl, crowded, spreading, linear-trigonous with a hooked point, acute ; heads 4-5-fl., corymbose, shortly pedicellate ; invol.-scales linear-oblong, sub- acute, entire, the inner ones longer, acute ; achenes topshaped, densely silky. P. verticiilata, DC. l.c.? Has. Lange Valei, Drege! Verloren Valei, among shrubs near the sea shore, Dr. Wallich }' (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Very similar in aspect and flowers to P. baccharoides, but differing in foliage. I do not see how DC.’s P. verticil/ata (by description) materially differs. Its A. are said to be purplish, those of the present sp. yellow. 5. P. divaricata (Less. Syn. 196); branches divaricate ; twigs and leaves scabrous with a very minute, powdery and glandular pubescence; leaves opposite, elliptic or ovate, obtuse, shortly petioled; heads 5—6- fl., corymbose, pedicellate; invol.-scales glabrous, shorter than the dise, oval-oblong, obtuse, with membranous, entire margins ; ach. obovate, compressed, pilose. DC. l.¢. 357. Hupatorium divaricatum, Th.! Cap. 628, Chrysocoma oppositifolia, Linn. Has. Cape, Burman. Groenekloof, 2. Z., Drege / Modderfontyn, Rev. H. White- head ! Namaqualand, A. Wyley/ Blauweberg, Zey./ 818. (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A scrubby bush. Twigs opposite, horizontal or widely spreading. Lvs. 4-3 in. long, 3-5 lines wide, pale, t-nerved, sometimes mucronulate. Pedicels opposite, 4-1 in. long. Pappus twice as long as the invol., reddish. 6. P. inflexa (Thunb.! Cap. 633); twigs pubescent; leaves opposite, sessile, oval, oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse, thickish, faintly 1-nerved, on both sides rigidly pubescent, or glabrescent ; heads termi- nal, sessile, solitary, oval, nearly glabrous; inv. equalling the disc, scales closely appressed, very broad and obtuse, roundish-oblong, convex, with a membranous, entire margin ; the lowest almost obovate. Burch. Cat. Geogr. 1495. P.lupulina, DC.! 1. ¢. 357. Has. Hantum, Thunb.! Sack Riv., Burchell. Nieuweveld, Drege! Bitterfontyn, Zey.! 3097. (Herb. Sd., Th.) A very rigid, robust, scrubby bush, 6-12 inches high, divaricately much-branched ; old twigs spinescent. Leaves variable in shape and pubescence, the smallest 1~2 lines long, others 4-7 lines long and 1-21. broad. Heads 6-8 lines long, 4-5 1. in diam., on our specimens immature. 7. P. oppositifolia (Linn. Syst. Veg. 614) ; twigs and leaves covered with a minute, powdery-scaberulous indument, cinereous ; leaves oppo- site, lanceolate-oblong, rather longer than the internodes, sessile, acute, strongly midribbed ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oval, many-fl. ; inv.-scales ovate, obtuse or subacute, appressed, rigid, glabrous, the inner subviscid, all minutely ciliolate. DC.l.c. 358. Th.! Cap. 632. Has, Cape, Thunberg! Burchell, Cat. 6837. (Herb. Thunb.) Y Seg 100 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Pteronia Much branched, the old branches glabrate. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1} wide, often with axillary tufts. Heads 4-% inch long, 4 inch diam., the inv.-scales horn- coloured at the edge, dark-centred. Pappus rufescent. 8. P. incana (Less.! in Hb. Thunb.); divaricate ; twigs and leaves thinly tomentose-canescent ; leaves opposite, crowded, linear-oblong, obtuse, sessile ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 6-9-fl. ; invol.-scales glabrous, oblong, subobtuse, entire, with a very narrow membranous margin ; achenes topshaped, densely and rigidly hairy. Zey.! 2771. DC. 1. ¢. 358. Pt. xantholepis, DO. 1.c. Eupatorium cinereum, Thunb.! Cap. 627. Chrysocoma incana, Burm. Has. Caledon, Mundt! Attaqua’s Kloof, Dr. Gill/ Swellendam and Uitenhage, E. 2.1 Albany, T. W. Tulbagh, Pappe/ Kaus, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A scrubby, much-branched, canescent bush, the short ramuli tipped with sessile, shining fl.-heads. Tnvol.-scales at first greenish-yellow, then fulvous and finally brown in centre. Pappus foxy. Lys. 3-6 lines long, 1-14 line wide. 9. P. cinerea (Linn. f. Supp. 356); young twigs and leaves tomen- tose-canescent ; leaves opposite, oblong-linear, sessile, flat, thickish, obtuse or subacute, crowded, somewhat nerve-keeled ; heads oval, pluri-flowered, terminal, solitary, sessile ; invol.-scales dorsally cobweb- tomentose, ovate-oblong or ovate, obtuse, membrane-edged and ciliolate- lacerate ; achenes silky-villous. Thunb.! Cap. 632. DC.l.c.; also Pt. canescens, DC.! l.c. 358. Has. Cape, Thb.! Onderbockeveld and Zeederberge, Drege/ (Hb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A small, scrubby, hairy bush ; the older branches becomi brous. Lys. 4-5 lines long, 1-2 1. wide. Heads 3 in. long, 3-4 1. in diam. . 8 P. canescens quite agrees with the original specimens of Pt. cinerea, in Hb, Thunb. 10. P. lucilioides (DC. 1. c. 358); slender, the twigs and leaves canescent with very short, close, powdery (swollen) scabrid hairs ; lvs.’ opposite, linear or spathulate, obtuse, narrowed to the base, entire, nerveless ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 7—9-fl.; inv. oblong; its scales oblong, obtuse, dry, glabrous, entire, closepressed ; achenes densely silky-villous. Var. 8. sparsifolia; rameal leaves often alternate or imperfectly opposite. Has. Near the Gariep in Little Namaqualand, Drege! 6. Namaqualand, A. Wyley/ (Hb. D., Hk., Sd.) A slender, much-branched, pale shrub ; the twigs at length glabrescent. ‘Leaves 3-6 lines long, }-1 line wide, subdistant or close, the rameal often bearing leaf-tufts. Pubescence scabrous, composed of minute, conical, vertical hairs. Invol. glossy, pale straw-colour. Specimens of this plant, from Drege, in Hb. Hk. and Sd. are marked “‘ P, gymnocline.” - 11, P. erythrocheta (DC. 1. c. 358); divaricate, nearly glabrous (the young parts minutely pubescent); leaves opposite, crowded, sessile, ovate or oblong, obtuse, glaucous, thick and nerveless; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 4~5-flowered ; invol.-scales shorter than the disc, ovate- oblong, acute, glabrous, dorsally lined, membrane-edged ; pappus bright red ; ach. rigidly hairy. Has. Sack R., Burch. Zw. Ruggens, Dreye! George, Pappe / (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) A very rigid, robust, SRE, oe cestian Seabee aimee Twigs densely > 1-2 inches long. Lys, 3~4 lines long, 2 1. wide, the upper imbricating. Pteronia.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 101 12. P. glomerata (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); glabrous, leaves very short, opposite, sessile, subconnate, thick, oblong-carinate, obtuse, usually with axillary leaf-tufts ; heads 10-12-fl, terminal, solitary, sessile, oboval, viscid ; invol.-scales ciliolate, appressed, the outer short, ovate, the inner oblong, nearly equalling the disc, obtuse, rigid ; achenes rigidly hairy. DC.l.c. 359. Pt. microphylla, DC. l. ¢. 359. Hap. Inthe Karroo, 7h./ Drege! Wallich / Zwarteberge, and Camisberge, &c., Drege ! Stellenbosch, E. Z. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A strong, rigid, scrubby bush, 6-12 in. high. Lys. 1-2 lines long, 1 line wide, erecto-patent. Heads 8-9 lines long, very clammy. DQC.’s “ P. microphylla,’ of ieee S- have seen Lcklon’s specimen in Hb, Sd., scarcely differs by any tangible c. cter. 13. P. pallens (Linn. f. Suppl. 357); glabrous, much-branched; lvs. opposite, linear-trigonous, elongate, obtuse ; heads 12-15-f1,, solitary or in threes at the ends of the branches, shortly pedunculate, ovate- turbinate ; inv. clammy, its scales close-pressed, oblong, obtuse, ciliolate, the inner with lacerate-membranous edges ; achenes rigidly hairy. DC. L.c.359. Thunb. Fl. Cap. 630. Has. Cape, Thunberg / In the Karroo, FE. Z. (Herb. Sd., Th.) Robust, densely much-branched, corymbose, 6-12 inches high, with pale twigs, leaves and involucres. Lys. t inch long, 4 line wide. Heads 4-5 lines long, acute or conical at base. Inv.-scales very blunt. 14. P. tricephala (DC. 1. c. 359); glabrous, somewhat viscid, much- branched ; leaves opposite, linear-trigonous, hook-pointed, subconnate ; heads 4—5-flowered, sessile in threes at the ends of the twigs, oblong ; invol. scales shorter than the disc, narrow, acute, ciliolate ; achenes densely hairy. Has. Nieuweveld, Drege/ (Herb. D., Sd.) A small scrub, 5-6 inches high. Leaves 5-6 lines long, 3 line wide, scarcely so hooked as those of P. uncinata. Invol. and pappus pale. 15. P. beckioides Aas lc. 359); young twigs and leaves minutely pulverulent ; twigs slender ; leaves opposite (small), linear, subacute, thickish, somewhat keeled, entire, powdery ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong-turbinate, conical at base, glabrous; invol. scales ovato- lanceolate, acute or acuminate, with membranous and torn edges, the outer short ; achenes densely hairy. Has. Swellendam, Drege! (Herb. Sd.) ; A slender, twiggy shrub; the older twigs quite glabrous. Leaves 1—2 lines long, 3 line wide. Heads 8-10 lines long; the invol. scales in many rows, glaucous-green ' when dry, with pale edges. Pappus foxy. 16. P. gymnocline (DC. 1. c. 359); glabrous; twigs slender, striate, pale; lower leaves opposite, upper alternate, sessile, linear-spathulate, obtuse, thickish, narrowed at base, nerveless, minutely punctulate ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, obtuse at base, 12-1 5-flowered ; invol. scales appressed, the outer oblong, obtuse, the inner oblongo- lanceolate, subacute, glabrous and glossy, quite entire ; recept. naked ; achenes densely hairy. P. calvescens, Drege in Herb. ! Has. Near the Gariep, in Little Namaqualand, Drege? (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) 102 composITZ& (Harv.) [ Pteronia. A slender, small and pale, or glaucous shrub. Leaves 4-5 or 6 lines long, scarcely 1 line wide, somewhat channelled and bluntly keeled. Heads pale straw-colour, dry. The “P. gymnocline” of Drege, so far as I have seen, belongs to “P. lucilioides.” 17, P. ciliata (Thunb.! Cap. 632); glabrous, much-branched, rigid; leaves opposite (but not connate), crowded at the ends of the twigs, oblong, oblong-linear or linear, rigid, thick, with a broad and promi- nent keel-like rib, very entire, glaucous ; heads terminal, solitary, elliptic ; inv. scales closely imbricating, glossy, broadly oblong, obtuse, rigid, fringed with soft hairs; achenes densely hairy. DC. l. ¢. 359. Var. a, Thunbergii; leaves linear-trigonous, 4-6 lines long. Var. 8. Ecklonis; leaves oblong, 14—2 lines long, 1 line wide. Has. Namaqualand, Z. § Z./ Olifantsriver, Drege’ (Herb. Sd., D., Th.) A small scrubby, intricately-branched bush. Leaves separate at base, spreading. Heads 7-8 lines long, 3-4 in diameter, the outer scales brownish or greenish. Invol. shorter than the disc. 2. ¢ Z.’s plant has much shorter and proportionably broader leaves than Thunberg’s, but variably so ; in other respects the plants agree, 18. P. suceulenta (Thunb.! Cap. 630); glabrous, much-branched ; leaves opposite, linear-trigonous, fleshy, subacute, spreading or recurved ; heads terminal, campanulate, many-flowered ; invol. rarely as long as disc, scales broadly ovate, very obtuse, dry, entire, membrane-edged ; achenes densely hairy. DC. 1. ¢. 360. Has. Carroo and Hantum, Th./ Olifantriver, Drege! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) Leaves granulated when dry, 4 lines to an inch long. Heads } inch long, 4-5 lines diameter. Fl. yellow. Branches of style much protruded, the stig and hispid. Invol. scales nerveless, with a linear gland beneath the apex. 19. P. glabrata (Linn. f. Suppl. 358) ; glabrous, much-branched ; leaves opposite, broadly linear, fat, thickish, obtuse (or acute), 1-nerved, spreading ; heads terminal, campanulate, many-flowered ; invol. scarcely as long as disc, scales broadly ovate or oblong, very obtuse, dry, many- - Spi “gare oa entire. Thunb. / Cap. 630. P.sesuviifolia, DC. ! 356. long Has. Carroo, below Bockland, Thunb.’ Kaus and Olifants river, Drege’ Heere- logement, Clanw., #. ¢ Z.! (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) Very near P. succulenta, but with flat more or less nerved leaves, and the invol. scales marked with several longitudinal, coloured lines. Leaves 1-1} inch long, a? lines wide. Fl. yellow. Perhaps merely a more luxuriant state of P. succu- 20. P. flexicaulis (Linn. f. Suppl. 355); glabrous, very viscid abové; young leaves sheathing at base, the sheath afterwards splitting, linear-- filiform, channelled above, incurved, obtuse; heads 15~25-flowered, solitary or in threes at the ends of the branches, subsessile ; inv. oblong, viscid, nearly equalling the disc, scales appressed, obtuse, the outer oval, the inner oblong. Th./ Cap. 629. Pt. connata, DC. l. ¢. 360. Has. Carroo, Thunb.! Swellend. ‘ . § i a Baz agg Agger rere Dr. Thom, EB. § Z./ in the Karroo, Drege, — has nearly the habit and foli . : A rescence. It is ake eee. e of the following, but a very different inflo 21. P, paniculata (Th.! Cap. 629); glabrous, viscid above ; young Pteronia. | COMPOSITA (Harv.) 103 leaves sheathing at base, the sheath afterwards splitting, linear-semi- terete, incurved, obtuse ; heads 3-flowered, densely corymbose, pedicel- late, about 3 on every pedicel ; invol. cylindrical, glabrous, shorter than disc, scales oblong, obtuse; achenes hairy. JP. flexicaulis, DC. Ll. c, 360. P. fastigiata, Zey. Van. 8, fastigiata; leaves closely set, 3-5 lines long ; heads sessile, mostly in threes, 3-5-flowered ; invol. scales ovate-oblong, subacute. P. fasligiata, Thunb./ Cap. p. 629. : Has. Carroo, Thunb./ Underbokkeveld and Zeederbergen, Drege’ Elandsherg, Wallich! Namaqualand, Rev. H. Whitehead! Swell., Vit., &e. £. § Z./ Slaay Burke § Zey./ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) Very much branched, scrubby, with incurved branches, twigs and leaves, Leaves 3-1} inch long, their sheath, after splitting, forming a membranous base, broader than the lamina. Heads yellow, densely corymbose, fastigiate. Var. 8. has much shorter and more closely set leaves, and somewhat larger and less corymbose heads; varying in this respect as P. baccharoides more notably does: I have only seen it in Herb, Thunb.! 22. P. fasciculata (Linn. f. Suppl. 357); glabrous, viscid above ; leaves opposite, shortly connate at base (the sheath at length splitting), narrow-lanceolate, acute or acuminate, viscid, concave above, keeled beneath, densely set, scabrous-edged; heads numerous, one-flowered, densely tufted at the ends of the branches, sessile; invol. linear, compressed, glabrous, scales lanceolate, acute. DC.l.c. 360. Th./ Cap. 630. Henan- thus fasciculatus, Less. Syn. 195. Has. Carroo near Hexriver, Thund./ Gauritz R., E. ¢ Z./ Zeederbergen, Drege/ (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) A strong growing bush, 1-2 feet high. Branches naked below, very closely covered with leaves above. ‘Leaves 1-14 inch long, 2 lines wide, their short sheath on bursting forming a broad, membranous base to the leaf. The dense tuft of yellow flower-heads is 1-14 inch diameter. Sect. 2. Pachyderis. Heads many-fl. Recept. honeycombed. Achenes compressed (the outer sometimes 3-cornered), tapering into a short, thick, glabrous neck (which s often peg by the copious hairs of the lower portion), sometimes quite glabrous. (Sp. 23-5 23, P. hirsuta (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); branches scabrous; hispid or pilose (rarely glabrous); leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, somewhat keeled, acute, rigidly ciliate (or smooth), scabrous or pilose beneath ; heads terminal, sessile, solitary, ovoid, many-flowered ; invol. glabrous or pilose, viscid ; scales broadly ovate or oblong, the inner longer, membranous at edge, ciliolate, and often curled. P. retorta, Linn. f. Suppl. 356. Var. a. vera; stems and undersides of leaves very rough with long, white hairs. P. hirsuta, L. -DC.1.¢.p. 360. Th. Cap. 681. Zey.!/ 815. ‘Wan. 8. Cephalotes; stems and undersides of leaves very rough with rigid points, but not pilose. Pt. Cephalotes, Linn. f. DC. 1. c. 361. Thund. p. 631. Zey.! 2775. Pt. _pseudo-cephalotes, Less.} Van. y. glabra (DC.); branches glabrous; leaves without cilia, folded or flat, glabrous on both sides. DC, 1. c. 361. Has. Districts of Cape, Stellenb., Tulbagh, Worcester, Clanw., and Swellendam, Th., E. § Z., Drege, &c-; var. 8. the common form, round Capetown; var. y. in the Karroo, Z. § Z./ (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk., &c.) A rigid, usually very rough, much-branched, small shrub, 12-18 inches high, 104 COMPOSIT& (Harv.) [ Pteronia variabl cent. Leaves closely placed, 5~7 lines long, 1-2 lines wide, thick and stiff. Heads 1-14 inch long, 4 inch diameter. Flowers pwrple, the corollas curved outwards. Except in pubescence, which varies much in different specimens, T cannot distinguish P. Cephalotes from P. hirsuta. P. pseudo-Cephalotes, Less.! is founded on a specimen in Herb. Thunb., having the characters of var. 8., with the invol. scales remarkably fimbriate and curled; I find this character occasionally in the other varieties. 24. P. undulata (DC. 1. c. 361); twigs and foliage very minutely glanduloso-pulverulent, scaberulous ; leaves opposite, tapering at base into a petiole, oval or oblong, obtuse, wavy and curled ; heads pedicellate, from the upper axils, corymbose at the ends of the branches, 4-5- flowered ; invol.-scales erect, oblong, glabrous, entire, obtuse, with a narrow membr. margin ; achenes thinly villous. Has. Zilverfontein, Little Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) — A slender shrub, with opposite, erect branches, and remarkably curled, glandular foliage. Leaves 7-8 lines long, 3-41. wide. Pedicels 4-1 inch long ; heads 3, 5, 7, &c. in a corymb, small. 25. P. ovalifolia (DC. 1. c. 361); twigs cobwebby, becoming gla- brous; leaves opposite, ellipt.-oblong or oval, sessile, obtuse, very entire, tomentose-canescent with appressed, woolly hairs, the older ones be- coming almost nude ; heads oval-oblong, sessile, solitary, many-flowered; invol.-scales cobwebbed, appressed, ovate or oblong, the inner with a narrowish, membranous margin, ciliolate ; achenes silky villous. Has, Olifant’s R., Drege! Worcester, E.Z. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) _ A slender shrub, with opposite brachiate twigs. lLeaf-pairs subdistant. Leaves 8-10 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, leathery. Heads 1} in. long, 4 inch diam. FIL yellow. Habit of P. cinerea, but with larger and more distant leaves, larger heads, Ke. 26. P. scariosa (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); divaricately much-branched; rigid, at length spinescent, glabrous; leaves opposite, or the upper alternate, subsessile, oval or oval-oblong, obtuse, thick, nerveless, gla- brous ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, many-fl. ; invol.-scales loosely imbricated, broadly ovate, with a very wide, membranous, lace- rate margin and an opaque ovato-lanceolate, pungent-mucronate middle. Thunb.! Cap. 633. DC. 1. c. 361. Has. Near Hantum, Thunberg/ Betw. Koussia and Pedroskloof, and at Zilver- fontyn, Drege/ (Herb. Th., Sd., Hk., D.) A robust, scrubby bush, very rigid. Leaves 14-24 lines long, 1-14 line wide, acute at base or sub-petiolate. Heads 9-10 lines long, 4-5 1, wide, Inv. very membranous, shining. 27. P. membranacea (Linn. f. Suppl. 357); twigs and foliage minutely pulverulent-canescent ; leaves opposite, sessile, crowded, linear- oblong or linear, acute; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, campanulate, many-flowered ; invol. glabrous, scales oblong, with a lanceolate, opaque middle, and a very wide, membranous, pellucid, lacerate margin. Zh. / Cap. p.633. DC.1. ¢. 361. Has. The Karroo, Thunb.! Mundt. About the Zwartkops and K Rs., Uit. E.§ Zt Boschesmans Riv, and Zuureberge, Drege / Sonnetabiiag ose R, Zonder Kiende, Zey.! 2773. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) prises bees beets, thinly pulverulent shrub, 1-2 f. high. soci s Bavttes 2 hes loons not inthe atvend Hye Pteronia.] COMPOSITE (Hary.) 105 28, P. leucoclada (Turez.!); much branched, the twigs rigid, divari- cate, glabrous, white-barked ; leaves alternate (small), linear-oblong or linear, obtuse, thick, nerveless, sub-sessile, glabrous and glaucous; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, several-flowered ; iny.-scales loosely imbricated in many rows, ovato-lanceolate, much acuminate, the innermost taper- ing into a long, awnlike point, all with a broad, membranous, entire margin ; achenes densely silky. Has. Bitterfontyn, Zeyher! 811. (Herb. Sond., D.) A rigid shrub, 1-2 f. high, with brachiate branches and twigs, and remarkably white, smooth bark, Leaves scattered, subdistant, 2-4 lines long, scarcely 1 line wide, sometimes fascicled. Heads 4-5 lines long, 3 lines diam., pale. A remark- able species’; apparently very nearly related to P. acuminata. 29. P. Candollei (Harv.) ; “ quite glabrous, leaves opposite, oblong- linear, thickish, with a prominent midrib beneath, glaucous, crowded about the apices and in the axils; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 4-flowered ; scales of the glabrous invol. oval-oblong, with a wide, membranous margin, acuminate-submucronate.” DC. P.glabrata, DC. l. c. 362, non Linn. f. Has. Karroo River, Burchell, Cat. 1410. (fide DC.) Unknown to us. P. glabrata, L. f. (by Herb. Thunb.!) is P. sesuviifolia, DC.! 30. P. acuminata (DC. 1. c. 361); “glabrous; leaves alternate, lan- ceolate, tapering to each end, mucronate, nearly nerveless ; heads ter- minal, subsessile, oblong, 10-12-fl.; invol. scales lanceolate, acuminate, scarious at the margins.” DC. Has. Beyond the Gariep, Burchell, 1587 (fide DC.) ** Leaves 10~12 lines long, 3 lines wide. Achenes compressed, very villous, attenuated under the reddish pappus.” DC. 31. P. centauroides (DC. 1. c. 362); branches and adult leaves glanduloso-pulverulent, scaberulous, twigs and young foliage glanduloso- velutinous and canescent; leaves opposite and alternate, sessile, entire, acute, the cauline oval-oblong or lanceolate, midribbed, those of the twigs linear; heads terminal, solitary, oval, many-flowered ; invol. scales appressed, entire, very obtuse, glabrous, with a very narrow membranous edge, the outermost short, canescent at base. : Has. Dutoitskloof, Drege! (Herb. Hk., Sd.) : Apparently a shrub, 2-3 feet high, with erect, ramulous branches. Cauline leaves 7~12 lines long, 2~3 lines wide; rameal 5-6 lines long, scarcely a line wide. Heads an inch or more long, 6-8 lines in diameter. 32. P. villosa (Linn. f. Suppl. 356); twigs scabrous and pilose ; leaves mostly alternate, linear, obtuse, flat, thick, nerveless, on both sides rigidly pilose with swollen, jointed hairs; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, many-fl., ovato-globose ; invol. scales appressed, glabrous, broadly oblong, very obtuse, membrane-edged, the inner equalling the dise, scarious and undulate at apex; achenes densely hairy, with a short, thick neck. Thunb. / Cap. p. 631. Has. Hantum and Carroo below Bockland, Thunberg’ (Herb. Thunb.) A scrubby, fiexuous bush, a foot or so in height. Pubescence very coarse and rough. Leaves }-1 inch long, 1 line wide, by Thunberg said to be ‘‘ opposite,” but 106 & COMPOSIT2 (Harv.) ~ [Pteronia. on his own specimen they are alternate. The young leaves are bristly all over, the older more or less glabrate and ciliate: but very few remain on the only specimen I have seen, 33. P. callosa (DC. 1. c. 362); “glabrous, much-branched ; leaves linear, thickish, subobtuse, very entire, not ciliate, indistinctly-nerved ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, about 15-fl.; inv. oval-oblong, scales appressed, delicately and softly ciliate, obtuse and callous at the apex. DC. Has. Zwart-Ruggens, on the Karroo, Drege. ¢ $ “‘ Suffrutex, 6 inches high. Leaves 5-7 lines long, scarcely more than } line wide. Heads 9 lines long. Inv. pale-greenish, more intensely coloured at the tips of the seales. Cor. yellow. Achenes very villous, compressed, shortly beaked. Recept. nearly concave, areolate, shortly honeycombed.”—DC, Unknown tome. It seems to come very near the following. 34, P. mucronata (DC. 1. c. 362); glabrous, much-branched ; leaves opposite, connate at base, crowded, linear, bluntly-keeled, fleshy, obtuse, rigidly-ciliolate; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, 12-1 5-fl.; invol. oval- oblong, somewhat viscid, scales appressed, horny-membranous, broadly oblong, with a sharp, often patent mucro, and lacerate-ciliate margin. Has. Zwart-Ruggens, on the Karroo, 2~3000 ft., Drege! Bitterfontyn, Zey./ 817. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) : es A scrubby, flexuous, small, intricately branched shrub. Leaves 3-8 lines long, 4 line wide, sometimes scabrous at back. Heads 7-8 lines long, 3-4 lines wide. Fl. yellow. Achenes densely villous. 35. P. turbinata (DC. 1. c. 362); glabrous, much-branched ; leaves sub-opposite, distinct at base, crowded, linear, thickish, rownd-backed, obtuse, quite entire, the upper smaller; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, about 15-fl.; invol. oval-oblong, slightly viscidulous, scales appressed, horny, oval-oblong, obtuse, silky-ciliate. Has. Little Namaqualand, Drege? (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) A small, rigid scrub, intricately branched and flexuous. Leaves 4~s lines long, 4 line wide, not strictly opposite, though very nearly so, very close-placed. Invol. scales rigid and opaque, pale. Our specimens from Drege do not quite accord with DC.’s description. 36. P. lencoloma (DC. 1. c. 362); “glabrous; leaves opposite, sessile, orbicular or oval, very entire, 1-nerved ; heads terminal, solitary, ses- sile, many-fl.; invol. cylindrical, scales appressed, obtuse, with a white, very entire, scarious margin.” DC. Has. Kamiesherg, Drege. ** Leaves 2-3 lines long, 2 lines wide, longer than the upper internodes. Heads 10 lines long, 4~5 lines diameter. Achenes compressed, very hairy, with a short glabrous beak.”—-DC. Unknown to me. se 37. P. cylindracea (DC. 1. c. 363); “glabrous; leaves opposite, crowded on the ramuli, spreading, lin,-trigonous, slightly hook-pointed, subobtuse ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, cylindrical; inv. scales appressed, broadly ovate, with membranous, ciliate-lacerate margins, and mostly tipped with a callous mucro.” DO. Has. In the neighbourhood of the Gariep, Burchell, Cat. 1603. (fide DC.) Pteronia.]} COMPOSITE (Harv.) 107 © “« Leaves subglaucous, 3 lines long. Heads 10 lines long, 3 1. wide, 9-fi. Ovary compressed, sparsely hairy, contracted under the pappus.”—DC. Unknown to me. 38. P. tennifolia (DC. 1. c. 363); glabrous; stems ascending-erect, subsimple or branched, suffruticose ; leaves opposite, elongate, filiform- subulate, channelled, entire, acute; heads terminal, solitary, sub-pedun- culate, 8-12-f1.; invol. oval-oblong, scales close-pressed, glabrous, broadly oblong, very obtuse, opaque and rigid, with a very narrow, serrulate- lacerate margin ; achenes compressed, hairy, minutely rostrate, Has. Near Caledon, £. Z./ (Herb. Sond., D.) 6-12 inches high, either with several simple stems, or branched below, with several erect, simple branches, each bearing afl. head. Leaves 1~14 inch long, 4 line wide, very erect, longer than the internodes. Heads 8-10 lines long, 3~5 lines in diam. Pappus rufous. 39. P. quinqueflora (DC. 1. c. 363); shrubby; twigs slender, rod- like, minutely canescent, becoming glabrate ; leaves opposite, oblong- linear, subacute, flat, thickish, nerved at back, grey, the younger ca- nescent with very minute, powdery, appressed hairs; heads at the ends of the branches, solitary or in threes, very shortly pedunculate or sub- sessile, 5-flowered ; invol. oval-oblong, scales ovate, acute, 1-nerved, submucronulate, powdery-canescent in the middle, with a broad, mem- branous, glabrous, subciliate margin; achenes compressed, hairy. Has. Graaf Reynet, £. Z./ (Herb. Sond.) 8-12 inches high, woody below. Internodes on the branches an inch or more apart. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1-14 lines wide, spreading. Heads about 3 inch long. Invol. glaucous. 40. P. leptospermoides (DC. 1. c. 363); glabrous, much branched, slender ; leaves opposite, distinct at base, minutely woolly in the axit, crowded, linear, subacute, narrowed to the base, thickish, round-backed, quite entire, punctate; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, 6-7- flowered ; invol. glabrous, dry, scales horny, lanceolate-oblong, acute, quite entire. Has. Zilverfontein, Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) A slender, twiggy bush, with opposite, short twigs. Leaves 6-7 lines , not a line wide, the base on the inside covered with short, white wocl. Invol. 7-8 lines long, 2-3 lines in diameter, pale testaceous. Achenes sparingly pilose. 41. P. leptolepis (DC. 1. c. 363) ; twigs canescent; leaves opposite, densely crowded at the ends of the twigs, linear-oblong, obtuse, thick- ish, flattish, canescent, nerveless but slightly keeled ; heads solitary, terminal, sessile, 5~7-fl. ; inv. scales loosely imbricated, linear-oblong, 1-nerved, obtuse, dry, rigid, with a very narrow, membranous, torn margin ; achenes villous. P. oppositifolia, L. M.! in Hb. Drege (non L.). Has. Zwart Ruggens in the Karroo, Drege! (Herb. Sond.) A very small, much-branched ramulous bush ; twigs short and curved. Leaves 2-3 lines long, not 1 line wide. Heads 3-5 lines long, in 4~5 rows, obconic. 42. P. glauca (Thunb.! Cap. 631); much branched; twigs and foli- age minutely and thinly canescent ; leaves opposite, crowded, linear- oblong, short, thick, somewhat keeled, obtuse, entire ; heads terminal, 108 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [ Pteronia. solitary, cylindr., 4-7-fl.; invol. scales broadly ovate, acute, appressed, 3-5-nerved, dorsally downy, ciliolate. P. latisquama, DC. l. c. 363. Has. Hantum, Thunberg! Kamiesberg and Onder Bottkeveld, Drege/ (Herb. Th., D., Hk.) ee Scrubby, depressed, rigid, and small. Twigs very short and closely leafy ; 0 branches glabrous. Invol. either pale-horny, or the scales glaucous-green at back, with horny edges. I find 7 fl. in some heads. 43. P. empetrifolia (DC. 1. c. 363); very dwarf, ramulous, glabrous, viscidulous; leaves opposite, densely crowded on the short twigs, spread- ing, linear, keeled, flattish above or channelled, obtuse, thick, entire ; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong-turbinate, many-fl. ; inv.-scales oblong, appressed, obtuse, opaque, horny, with a very narrow ciliate- lacerate margin ; achenes villous. Has. Cape, Drege! no station given. (Herb. Sond.) A very dwarf plant, 3-4 inches high. Internodes scarcely a line long. Leaves 1-1} lines long. Heads 7 lines long. Inv. yellowish. FL purplish. I have only seen a fragment, 44. P. heterocarpa (DC. 1. c. 364); glabrous, decumbent ; leaves opposite, connate, woolly internally at base, linear-elongate, obtuse, entire, fleshy ; heads term., solitary, sessile, campanulate, many-fl. ; invol. (shorter than the uppermost leaves) glabrous, dry, scales oval- oblong, obtuse, with a wide, membranous, lacerate margin ; outer achenes hirsute, inner quite glabrous. Has. Olifants R., Drege! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) : This looks like a salt-marsh plant, and is much less woody than most other species. Lower leaf-pairs distant, upper approximate. Lys. 1-1} inch long, 1-1} line wide. Heads 8-9 lines long and wide. Pappus foxy. 45. P. viscosa (Thunb.! Cap. 632); divaricately much-branched ; twigs glabrous ; leaves opposite, but not connate, oblong or ovate-oblong, obtuse or acute, thick, flattish, with a medial furrow beneath, either rigidly ciliate, or sparsely bristly on one or both sides, or quite glabrous; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, oblong, several-flowered ; inv.-scales viscid, appressed, horny, the outer ovate-oblong, acute, the inner ob- longo-lanceolate ; achenes compressed, sparsely hispid. Pt. viscosa, litt. b., Herb. Drege ! Has. Hantum, Thunberg/ Zwart Ruggens, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk.) A very rigid, scrubby bush, 6-12 inches high; branches spreading widely. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 1-14 line wide, on the same branch varying as above noted. Invol. uncial, the inner scales much longer and narrower than the outer, very acute, almost acuminate. By its achene it is related to P. elongata, but has a very different involucre. 46. P. elongata (Thunb. Cap. 631); twigs scabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, crowded, linear-trigonous, keeled, acute, the keel and margin rigidly ciliate (or glabrous); heads terminal, sessile, obovoid, many- flowered ; invol. glabrous, viscid, scales broadly oval or oblong, ap- pressed, callous tipped, with a narrow, membranous, lacerate margin. DC. 1. c. 362. Has. Cape, Thunb.! Uitenage, E. & Z.! Koega and Zondag R., Drege/ Bosch- man’s R., Zey.! 2774. (Herb. Th. D., Sd., Hk. a * Pteronia. | COMPOSIT ( Harv.) 109 ; This has quite the aspect of P. hirsuta B., but yellow flowers, kc. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 1 line wide, somewhat channelled above, with prominent keel. Heads ae inch long, half an inch or more across. Achenes compressed, very sparingly pilose. 47, P. stehelinoides (DC. 1. c. 364); much-branched, ramulous ; twigs scabrous-echinulate ; leaves opposite, sessile, linear or linear-ob- Jong, acute, rigid, keeled or infolded, rigidly ciliate on the margin (and sometimes on keel and upper surface), glaucous ; heads terminal, soli- tary, sessile, ovate-oblong, many-fl. ; inv.-scales at first powdery sca- berulous, then glabrous, appressed, broadly oblong, obtuse or mucronu- late, with a narrow, membranous and torn margin; achenes quite glabrous, not glandular. Var. B. stenocephala; fi.-heads narrower, with fewer flowers. (Hb. Sond.) Has. Graaf Reynet, EZ. Z./ Drege! Karroo, and Namaqualand, £.Z.! (Herb. Sond., D., Hk. A rigid, scrubby bush, with large fi.-heads. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 1 line wide. Heads an inch long, 4 inch in diameter. Scales dry. 48. P. adenocarpa (Harv.); robust, much-branched ; twigs glabrous ; leaves opposite, sessile, obovate-oblong, subacute, recurved at point, spreading, thick, nerveless, rigidly ciliato-serrulate at the sub-reflexed margin, glabrous; heads terminal, solitary, oblong, many-fl. ; inv.-scales viscid, appressed, broadly oblong, very obtuse, opaque, entire, the edge scarcely sub-membranous ; achenes compressed, covered with raised glands, glabrous. PP. viscosa, DC. l.c. 364. Has. Winterhoek, £. Z.! Betw. Zwarteberg and Aasvogelberg, Drege! Somer- set, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. Sd., Hk., D.) A rigid shrub, 1-2 f. high, with flexuous branches and often opposite twigs. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, scarcely connate at base, the younger balsamic. Heads an inch long, 4 inch wide. Pappus fulvous. Achenes obovate, with a marginal rib, glabrous, except a tuft of hairs at their base. Drege’s specimens marked P. viscosa “a,” belong to this ; those marked ‘‘b” to Pi. viscosa, Th. 49. P. onobromoides (DC. Lc. 364); glabrous; leaves alternate, closely approximate, sessile, sub-lanceolate-linear, elongate, concave above, round-backed, rigidly ciliate at the margin; heads term., solitary, sessile, ovate (Jarge), many-flowered ; invol. scales oval-oblong, very obtuse, viscidulous, horny, appressed and quite entire; achenes glabrous, glandular. Has. Olifant’s R., Drege! Namaqualand, £.¢ Z.! Dr. Atherstone! Elandsberg, and towards Verloren Vlay and near S, Helena Bay, Dr. Wallich! Vogel-fontyn, Zey.! 816. (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) 2-3 feet high, the lower branches bare, rugose, the upper densely leafy. Lys. 14 inch long, 2-3 lines wide, acute, rather rigid, somewhat involute when dry. Heads 12-15 lines long, 10-12 1. wide. Pappus pale. ‘‘'The leaves are succulent and very aromatic, used by the native Namaquas and Bastards as a perfume, mixed with fat, under the name Buchu. It is called Sd) in the Namaqua language, and is dried and collected for sale.” Dr. Atherstone. 50. P. scabra (Harv.); all parts closely rough with minute, harsh points ; leaves mostly alternate (the lowest sometimes opposite), linear, acute, sessile, thickish, flat, strongly-nerved, pale or glaucous; heads terminal, solitary, sessile, ovate or oblong; invol. multiseriate, loosely 110 COMPOSITZ (Harv.) — [Pteronw. imbricate, scales ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, rigid, opaque, with spread- ing points, quite entire, scarcely or not at all margined; (flowers and achenes not seen). Has. Howhoek Pass, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.) : Suffruticose or shrubby, erect, not much branched, the whole plant pale or greyish, and rough like a file to the touch. Leaves 7-8 lines long, 1 line wide. Heads (immature) about an inch long, and 4-5 lines wide at base, the scales with free points, though closely imbricated. This seems to be a distinctly marked plant, but unfor- tunately the only specimen I have seen is immature. Sect. 3. Pterophorus. Heads many fl. Recept. fimbrilliferous. Achenes beakless, plano-compressed, quite glabrous. Pappus concrete in a ring, sub-uniseriate. 51. P. camphorata (Linn. Sp. 1176); stem mostly scabrous ; leaves scattered or tufted (rarely opposite), linear-filiform, acute, rigidly ciliate or glabrous; heads terminal, solitary or sub-corymbose, sessile or on nearly naked (very sparsely leafy) branches; invol. scales lanceolate, acuminate, keeled, serrulato-ciliate, shorter or longer than the disc ; recept. fimbriate and deeply pitted; achenes flattened, glabrous. Var. a, armata ; stem very rough with simple or jointed hairs, or rough points ; leaves rigidly ciliate and often bristly, 4-1 inch long; invol. shorter than disc. P. camphorata, Thunb. Cap, 629, DC... 364. Lam. Ill. t. 667. F. 1. Zey./ 809 (ex pte-) Var. 8. stricta; stem villous-hirsute ; leaves very densely crowded, uncial, ciliate at base; invol. scales much acuminate, often longer than the dise. P. stricta, Att. DC. tl. c. 364. Var. y. longifolia; branches minutely-scabrous ; leaves 1-2 inches long, remotely ciliate or glabrous, very densely crowded ; heads sessile, fl. branches corym) , leafy. P. aspera, DC.! l.c. 364. Zey.1 2776. Van. 8. aspera; branches minutely scabrous ; leaves 4—5 lines long, laxly scattered, glabrous; fl. branches long and nearly bare of leaves ; invol. scales recurved-squarrose, P. aspera, Thunb.! Cap. 631. Var. e. levigata; branches and leaves quite glabrous and glossy ; leaves mostly opposite! glabrous, 5-6 lines long. Zey.! 810, Has. About Capetown andin the Western districts generally. §.Caledon, Mundt! Zwarteberge, Drege! y. Stellenbosch and Swellendam, #.§7./ Paarl, Drege! Banks of Erste Riv., W.H.H. Riv. Zonderende, Zey.! 5, only seen in Hb. Thunb.! €, 24-rivers, Zey. (Herb. Th., D., Sd., Hk.) A shrub, 1-3 feet high, much branched and twiggy, and usually closely covered with filiform leaves ; but very variable in pubescence, and in the length and eters of the leaves. Involucres constantly pale straw colour or horny, the scales rigid, with a more or less developed reddish gland along the keel. I find no clear limits between the four first varieties; var. e, by its opposite leaves and glabrous stems and branches, has more character; but even on it the upper leaves are occasionally scattered, and here and there may be seen a minute rough point. Doubtful Species. Pt. elegans (Sch. B, mss.); “glabrous; stem (in the only specimen seen) one-headed, a span long, densely leafy; leaves opposite connate, thick, linear trigonons, acute, sub-ensiform, 1-14 inch long, sometimes with leaf-tufts; head 25-fl.; invol. 8 lines long, ovate-oblong, scales 5-seriate, appressed, ovate-oblong, rounded, viscid at back, obscurely greenish-brown, towards the edge paler, and lacero-ciliate.” Walp. Rep- 2. P. 9]0- Haz. Near Hemelendarde, Zwell. Judging by the description this is probably only P. tenuifolia, DC. Leptothamnus. | COMPOSIT& ( Harv.) 111 Sub-Tribe 2 BaccHaRIDEZ Heads (in the S. African genera) heterogamous, the oe rar ee flowers pluriseriate, with filiform corollas, Anthers without tails. en. 25-28). XXV. LEPTOTHAMNUS, DC. Heads many-fi., heterogamous ; ray-f.. filiform, truncate or bi-dentate, female, in one row; disc-fl. tubular, hermaphrodite, 5-toothed. Recept. flat, naked, somewhat honeycombed. Jnvol. scales imbricate, acuminate, in few rows. Style of ray bifid, with subulate branches ; of the disc bifid, with flattened branches, and compressed, conical, pubescent stigmas. Pappus bristle-shaped, deciduous, of the ray uniseriate, of the dise sub-biseriate (?) or at least more copious. Achenes obovate- oblong, compressed, silky (of ray and disc both ovuliferous). DC. Prod. 5) 397. Slender suffrutices. Leaves scattered, linear-subulate, prominently nerved below, rigidly ciliate. Branches ending in simple, t-headed peduncles, Flowers yellow, turning red above. Name from Aemros, slender, and @auvos, a shrub. Leaves closely-set, imbricating ... ... ... .. «+ «. « (1) ciliaris. Teavesfewand distant ... 0.0... s0- +0 eee vee eee (2) Yarifolius, 1. L. ciliaris (DC. 1. c.) ; stems branched from the base ; leaves closely placed, ¢mbricating ; ray-flowers very slender, minutely bidentate. Burch. Cat. 1839 and 2512. Has. Beyond the Gariep at Klaarwater and Kosifontein, Burchell; Klipplaat R., Drege; Wolvekop, Burke § Zey.! Zulu-land, Miss Owen! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Root very thick and woody ; many subsimple stems rising from the crown, 6-10 inches high, erect. Leaves 3-6 lines long, 4 line wide, strongly ciliate, very erect and closely imbricating. Peduncles 1-2 inches long, minutely bristly. Inv. scales glabrous, linear-lanceolate, acute, bistriate. I find no difference in the achenes of dise and ray, both are silky. 2. L. rarifolius (Turez. Bull. Mose. xxiv. 2,p.65); stems simple below, corymbose above, angular-striate; leaves few, distantly scattered, much shorter than the internodes; ray-fl. swb-ligulate, shortly bifid. Walp. An. 5; P» 195- : Has. Magalisberg, Burke Zeyher! 802 (also 103). (Herb. Hk., D., Sd.) Root woody. Stems 15-18 inches high, simple from 4—6 inches above the base, then corymbose, with several long, erect branches. Leaves 1-14 inch apart, each leaf 4-6 lines long, close-pressed, less strongly ciliate than in L. ciliaris. XXVI. CONYZA, Less. Heads many-fi., heterogamous, all the fl. tubular; marginal fl. female, in many rows, with very slender, filiform, truncate or 2-3-toothed corollas; central few, male, tubular, 5-toothed. ecept. flat or convex, naked or fimbrilliferous. Znzol. scales in many rows. Anth. without tails. Achenes flattened, mostly glabrous, narrowed at base. Pappus uniseriate, of slender, scarcely rough bristles. DC. Prod. 5, p. 377. ' Herbaceous or suffruticose plants, almost all from the Eastern hemisphere. Stems erect, terete, branched. ‘Leaves various, often toothed or incised. Heads peduncu- late, corymbose or panicled. Flowers yellow. Pappus rufescent. Differs from Nidorella by its filiform (not shortly ligulate) marginal flowers. Name from rwvey, a gnat; said to drive away gnats! 112 COMPOSITE (Harv.) [Conyza. Stem herbaceous, simple or branched; heads laxly corymbose or subsolitary. Lys. sub-glabrous, clasping, oblong, remotely denticulate (1) Caffra. Lvs. scabrid, obovate-cuneate, coarsely toothed ; pedunc. ESS See ey et er eee ae ee ee eee podocephala. Lvs. (cauline) sessile, pinnatifid: the lobes shortly oblong: : Pubescence scanty; stems weak and laxly leafy ... (3) pinnatilobata. Pubescence copious; stems robust... ......--. (4) obscura. Lys. pinnati-partite, hairy, lobes lanceol.-linear ... ... (5) pinnatifida. Lvs. (cauline) petioled, eared at base, ovate, toothed, : gland-pabesatns < oo oS was re ee ee ee (0) incisa. Lys. sessile, oval, mucronate, entire, hispid-villous ... (7) pusilla. Stem shrubby, with rodlike branches ; heads densely corymbose. Lys. petiolate, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, serrate : Leaves glabrous, and exuding gum copiously ..._ (8) iveefolia. Lys. scabrido-puberulous, scarcely gummy ... ... (9) ivefolia £. Lys. (and stems) glabrous, subsessile, oblong-lanceolate, with the midrib beneath prominent and pale .., ... (9) costata, 1. C. Caffra (DC.1. c. 381); stem herbaceous, erect, glabrous or his- pidulous; leaves half-clasping, oblong tongue-shaped, subobtuse, mucro- nulate, remotely calloso-denticulate, membranaceous, glabrous on both sides or scaberulous ; pedune. loosely corymbose, softly hairy ; invol.- scales linear-subulate, softly pubescent, equalling the disc; male fl. about 25, hairy at the summit, fem. innumerable, filiform; recept. flat, naked. C. (Blumea) Natalensis, Sch. Bip.! in Wal. Rep. 2, p.971- Has. Near the Key R., Drege / Natal, 7. Williamson! Krauss! 227. Gerr. and M‘K. 313. Namaqualand, A. Wyley! (Herb. D., Hk, Sd.) One and a half to 2 f. high: stems simple below, corymbose above. Leaves 13-2} inches long, 4-6 lines wide, the teeth minute or obsolete. Heads 5-8 in each , 5-6 lines across. : 2. C. podocephala (DC. 1. c. 387); stem scarcely woody at base, erect or ascending, herbaceous, sparsely setose; leaves obovate, cuneate at base, the lower ones tapering into a petiole, coarsely toothed above the middle, sparsely scabrido-hispid, the uppermost depauperated ; branches naked at the summit, 1-headed, thinly hispid ; invol.-scales linear-subulate, glabrescent, equalling the disc ; male fl. numerous, glabrous, fem. in- numerable ; recept. honeycombed and toothed. Has. At Zw. S i O7» essere ol te and Witbergen, Drege! Caledon R., Burke and Zey.! 807 Many-stemmed, diffuse, 1-2 f. high, harsh to the touch. Lower leaves 2}, uppeT 1-14 inches long, 3-6 lines wide, the teeth broad and shallow, blunt or sharp. Pedunc. 3-8 inches long, with 2-3 distant bracts. 3. C. pinnatilobata (DC. 1.c. 387); stem erect or diffuse, herbaceous, weak, sparsely setulose or glabrous ; radical and lower leaves petioled, cauline sessile, half-clasping, all scaberulous, sparsely-hispidulous or subglabrous, pinnatifid, the lobes shortly oblong or cultrate, toothed or entire, subacute, scabrous on the edge and nerves ; heads loosely corymbulose, pedunc. pubescent ; invol.-scales glabrescent; male fl. 30-40, glabrous, fem. innumerable; recept. honeycombed and toothed. pinnatum, L.f. Thunb.! Cap. 666. Baccharis leucanthemifolia, Burm. C. obscura, 8. calvescens, DC. 1. ¢. 387 (ex pte.) Has. Cape, Thunb., Burchell, gc. Kochmans Kloof, Mundt! Zwartkops R., Conyza. | COMPOSITA (Haryv.) 113 Zey.! 2780. Natal, Miss Owen/ CGueinz./ 321. Gerr. and M‘K., 318. Detroit’s kloof and Paarl, Drege! (Herb. Th., Hk., D., Sd Stems 2 f. or more in height, weak, soon broken. Lower leaves (including petiole) 3-4 inches long, upper 1-2} inches, the incisions not reaching the midrib. Heads numerous, 4-5 lines across, Achenes compressed. 4, C. obscura (DC. 1. c. 387); herbaceous, all parts clothed with spreading, white hairs ; leaves half-clasping, narrowed at base, oblong, pinnatifid, the lobes shortly oblong, toothed or entire, subacute; heads _corymbose ; invol.-scales hairy ; achenes hispidulous ; recept. naked. C. obscura, DC. Conyza, 2779, Zey.! Var. B. calvescens (DC. ex pte); lower leaves hairy, the upper and the stems scabrous. DC. 1. c. Has. Districts of Uitenhage, Albany and Kaffraria, Drege! E. Z.! Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) A stronger growing plant than C. pinnatilobata, of which it has nearly the foliage, and from which it chiefly differs in its copious pubescence ; in this latter character it agrees with C. pinnatifida. Some of Drege’s distributed specimens of var. 8. belong to C. pinnatilobata. 5. C. pinnatifida (Less. Syn. 204); herbaceous, all parts densely clothed with spreading, white hairs; cauline leaves pinnate-parted, the lobes lanceolate-linear, obtuse, spreading, entire or few toothed ; heads 2-3 at the ends of the branches; invol.-scales hairy ; achenes downy. DC. 1. ¢. 387. Erigeron pinnatifidum, Th.! Cap. 666. Has. Cape, Thunb.! Stellenbosch, Ecklon! Estuary of the Kowie, H. Hutton! Betw. Omtendo and Omsamculo, Drege! (Herb. D., Sd., Th.) Stems loosely branched, all parts very hairy. Leaves 1-2} inches long. ; their lobes 5-6 lines long, 1-13 wide, narrowed at base, nearly horizontal. 6. C. incisa (Ait. Kew, 3, p. 184) ; stem herbaceous, branched, pu- bescent ; cauline leaves petiolate, the petiole eared (as if stipuled) at base, ovate, oblong or subcordate, coarsely toothed, on both sides glan- duloso-pubescent ; heads loosely corymbose ; invol.-scales puberulous ; achenes glabrous ; recept. honeycombed and toothed. DC. 1. c. 387. Erig. incisum, Th. Cap. 666. Erig. hirtum, Th.! Cap.665. Zey.! 2778. Has. Distr. of Stellenbosch, Tulbagh, Clan-William and Uitenhage, Thunb., E. Z.! Drege! ge. Natal, Gerr. and M‘K., 338, 339. (Herb. Th., D., Hk., Sd.) Diffusely much branched, glandular and somewhat viscid, shortly, but fully pubescent. The ear-shaped bases of the petioles are sometimes very small or obso- lete, and sometimes there is an additional pair, higher up on the petiole. Leaves 1-2 in. long, $-1 in. broad, Axils obtuse ; branches spreading, curved upwards. 7. C. pusilla (Houtt. Hist. Nat. x. bl. 618, t. €9, f 1); “ hispid- villous, cinereous, herbaceous, branched; upper leaves sessile, oval, mucronate, either quite entire or with 1-2 apical, point-like teeth, 3- nerved at base; pedicels 1-flowered, as long as the leaves, laxly race- mose; iny. scales linear, acuminate, puberulous, at length reflexed.” DC. toe. 3866 - Has. Cape. (Unknown to us), 8. C. iveefolia (Less. Linn. 1831, p. 138); shrubby, much branched ; branches terete, puberulous ; lvs. lanceolate, acute or acuminate, taper- ing at base into a short petiole, sharply serrate, 3-nerved at base, glabrous, VOL, ILL. 8 114 COMPOSITA (Harv.) [ Dichrocephala. viscidulous; corymb. compound, many-headed ; inv. scales broadly linear, obtuse, glabrous. DC. 1. c. 388. Baccharis ivefolia, Linn. Thunb.! Cap. 666. Var. 6, seabrida; Jeaves (as well as stems) densely scabrido-puberulous, 3-nerved at base, and also somewhat penninerved as well as netted-veined. C. scabrida, DC. l. c. 387. Has. Throughout the Colony, and onto Natal. Var. B, at Uitenhage, Z. Z./ (Herb. D., Hk., Sd., Th.) A much-branched under-shrub, 2-3 feet high and more, densely leafy, and exud- ing resinous matter. Leaves distinctly petioled, 13-3 inches long, 3-1 inch wide, with callous-tipped serratures. Heads very numerous, smaller than in the other species. Var. 8 is by no means constant to its characters, and grows in localities where a is alsocommon. I cannot keep it apart specifically. 9. C. (2) costata (Harv.); quite glabrous, shrubby; branches rod- like, rib-striate ; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, acute, sessile or nearly so, obtuse or acute at base, sharply serrate, the midrib beneath very promi- nent and thick (pale) ; the lateral veins netted, immersed; inflorescence unknown. Has. Magalisberg, Zeyher / (Herb. Sond.) This has strongly the aspect of C. ivefolia, but can hardly be a variety of it. It may not even be a Conyza, but as it is a remarkable-looking plant, from a famous locality, Iam unwilling to omit it altogether. It may perhaps be a Nidorella, near N. conyzoides. [Doubtful genus—probably a Conyza.] Wess, C. H. Schultz, Bip. Heads many-fi., heterogamous, all the flowers tubular ; those of the circumference filiform, in many rows, slender, truncate, female ; of the centre numerous, hermaphro- dite, 5-toothed. Jnv. imbricate, the scales acuminate, hairy. Recept. honeycombed, - the cells toothed. -Anthers without tails. Achenes of the female fi. glabrous, flat- tened, margined ; of the disc terete-compressed, margined. Pappus in the marginal fl. uniseriate, of scabrous bristles ; of the disc biseriate, bristle-shaped, the outer very short, inner of 15-16 barbellate bristles. Sch. B. in Walp. Rep. 2, p. 971. Named in honour of Phillip Barker Webb, author of a Nat. Hist. of the Canary Islands, and other works. It is to be regretted that the name of so distinguished a naturalist should have been bestowed on this obscure and weed-like plant. Does it really differ from Conyza ? 1. W. Kraussii (Sch. B. 1. c.). Conyza Kraussii, Sch. B. MSS. Has. Cape, Krauss. (Unknown to me.) Said to be a hairy, subcanescent suffrutex, ascending-erect, 1 foot high, densely a ioe Leaves alternate, linear, inch long, 1 line wide, distantly toothed ; teeth 1-2 lines long, 1 line wide, hairy-strigose, often with leaf-tufts. Heads corymbose, hemispherical, erect ; fl. yellow.—I have abridged the author’s long description above quoted. Of the plant intended to be indicated I know nothing- XXVIII DICHROCEPHALA, DC. Heads many-fi., heterogamous, all the fl. tubular; marginal-fl. female, in many rows, 3—4-toothed, slender; central by abortion male, few, campanulate, 4-toothed. Recept. naked, conical. Jnvol. expanded, nearly uniserial, the scales ovate, subequal. Style included. Achenes compressed, without beak, the marginal without pappus, the central each with 1-2 bristles. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 371. Brachylena.] COMPOSIT (Harv.) 115 Annuals, natives of the warmer parts of Asia and Africa. Leaves alternate, toothed. Heads globose, small, in racemes or panicles. Name apparently from dis, twice; xpow, to colowr, and kepadn, a head. _L. D, latifolia (DC. 1. c. 372) ; stem diffuse or ascending, sparingly pilose ; leaves ovate, on winged petioles or lyrato-pinnatifid, with an ovate terminal lobe and one or two pair of small lateral lobes, coarsely toothed, membranous, sparsely setulose or glabrous ; heads on longish pedicels, in terminal racemes, Also D. Capensis and D. sonchifolia, DC.! Lthulia auriculata, Thunb.! Cap. 623. Centipeda Capensis, Less. Syn. 201. Has. Cape, Thunberg. Eastern Districts, Burchell. Natal, Gueinzius! 347. T. Cooper! 1206. (Herb. Sd., Th., D.) A coarse, weedy annual, 6-12 inches or in rich soil more in length. Leaves tapering at base into winged petioles, the lamina 1-2 inches long, 3-14 inches wide. Heads as large as peas. Female corollas very minute. XXVIII. SPHHRANTHUS, Vaill. Heads crowded into a globose glomerule (or compound-head) sur- rounded by a common involucre ; each partial head sessile in the axil of a bract, on a convex common-receptacle. Partial heads few-flowered, moneecious, all the fl. tubular; female filiform, 3-toothed, subdilated and indurated at base; males swollen, 5-toothed, with abortive styles. Partial recept. nude. Partial invol. of several close-pressed, imbri- cated scales ; genl. various. Anth. without tails. Styles of female fi. shortly bifid; of males undivided. Achenes without pappus, not beaked, pilose or glabrous. DC. Prodr. 5, p. 369. Tropical and subtropical herbs, Asiatic and African. Leaves decurrent, serrate or subentire. Peduncles terminal or opposite the lobes. Name, from o@aipa, a sphere, and avéos, a flower. 1. §. peduncularis (DC. 1. c. 370); scaberulous ; leaves broadly linear, acute, serrate, decurrent in long, narrow, serrate wings along the stem ; peduncles as long as the leaves or longer, terete; glomerule globose, subtended by broadly ovate, mucronate, invol.-bracts. Has. Near Natal, Drege! T. Williamson! Krauss! 224. Gerr. § M‘K., 355 Kreili’s Country, near Butterworth, #. Bowker! (Herb. D., Hk., Sd.) Root perennial. Stems 1-2 f. long, erect or diffusely branched, the branches spreading. Leaves 13-23 inches long, 2-3 lines wide. Flowers purplish. Sub-tribe 3. TarcHonanTHEs. ‘Heads (in the S. African genera) dicecious ; flowers tubular, 5-toothed. Anthers tailed at base. (Gen. XXIX,—XXX.) XXIX. BRACHYLANA, R. Br. Heads many fl., dicecious. Recept. naked. Jnvo/. scales imbricated, dry, shorter than the flowers. Cor, tubular, unequally 5—toothed. Malefl.: anth. tailed at base, connate, exserted. Style filiform, simple. Ovary hispid, abortive, sparingly pappous. Fem. fl.: anth. abortive, separate. Style bifid, the branches short and broad.