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FLORA CAPENSIS:* “'
‘BEING A Ae
Systematic Description of the Plants

CAPE COLONY, CAFFRARIA, & PORT NATAL,

BY

WILLIAM H. HARVEY, M.D., F.RS.

PROFESSOR OF BOTANY IN THE UNIVERSITY OF DUBLIN, ETC., ETC., ETC.
AND
OTTO WILHELM SONDER, Pu. D.

OF HAMBURGH.

MEMBER GF THE IMPERIAL LEOP.-CAROLINE ACADEMY NATURM CURIOSORUM, ETC, EIC. ETC,

VOLUME I.
RANUNCULACEH TO CONNARACE&.

DUBLIN :
HODGES, SMITH, AND CO. 104, GRAFTON-STREET.
Booksellers to the University.

CAPETOWN: A. 8. ROBERTSON.

1859-1860,

MISSOURI BOTANICAL
ee GARDEN LIBRARY ©

ET eT eae ee

TO HIS EXCELLENCY

SIR GEORGE GREY, K.C. B.

D.C. L. Oxon. &e. Ke. &,
Gobernor & Commander-in-chiet of the Colony of the Cape of Coad Moye,

THE FLORA CAPENSIS,

WHICH OWES ITS EXISTENCE MAINLY TO HIS FOSTERING PATRONAGE,

as gratefully Dedicuted
2 BY HIS EXCELLENCY’S

FAITHFUL AND OBEDIENT HUMBLE SERVANTS,

W. H. HARVEY,
W. SONDER.

PREFACE,

——<»~

IN undertaking the FLorA CapeEnsis, the authors propose to
furnish to the colonists in the British South African provinces a
clear and concise descriptive catalogue of the vegetable produc-
tions of their adopted country. As the colonies have no very
definite limits to the northward, neither have the authors been
anxious to fix a boundary line to this Flora. Generally speak-
ing, the Cape Flora is limited on the North by the Gariep or
Orange River, and on the Kast by the Tugela—boundaries more
convenient than natural, for the Orange River at its western
extremity rather flows through, than bounds the peculiar Desert
Flora of Namaqualand ; and the Tugela merely limits the Brit-
ish Colony of Natal, while the characteristic vegetation of Kaffer-
land, of which Natal is a section, extends northward at least to
Delagoa Bay, gradually assuming the features of Tropical African
vegetation. Whilst therefore our FLORA will be found tolerably
complete for the old-established colonial districts, both of the
Western and Eastern provinces, it presents little more than an
outline sketch of the Northern and North Eastern Regions, and
of the Natal Colony ; and still more imperfectly pourtrays the
vegetation of Great Namaqualand, Betchuana-land, the Orange
River Free State, and the Transvaal Republic, all lying beyond
the Gariep.

The authors have diligently availed themselves of every accessi-
ble collection of plants from the last named regions ; but so few
botanical travellers have yet explored them, save in some scatter-
ed spots, that their vegetation is as yet all but unknown. From
what we know of the plants of Transvaal, especially of its moun-
tains and high plateaus, that country promises to the botanist
the richest harvest yet ungathered in South Africa; and the long
mountain range that divides Kaffraria from the Western regions, —

it PREFACE.

while it limits the distribution of the greater portion of the sub-
tropical types that mingle in the Cape Flora, probably still retains
in its unexplored wilds multitudes of interesting plants. This
we infer from the fact that almost every small package of speci-
mens received from the Natal, or the Transvaal district, contains
not only new species but new genera ; and some of the latter are
of so marked and isolated a character,:as to lead us to infer the
existence in the same region of unknown types that may better
connect them with Genera or Orders already known.

It is not intended at present to enter into details on the geo-
graphical distribution of South African plants, or the relations
between the South African Flora and that of other countries
having a nearly similar climate. Whilst the work is in pro-
gress, new collections of plants continue to be received, render-
ing it impossible to prepare a satisfactory geographical intro-
duction, until the descriptive portion has been finished. At
the conclusion of the work the authors propose to give a
general introduction, which will embrace the geographical rela-
tions of the Flora, and include a summary of the labours of
botanical explorers in South Africa, and of the various treatises
that have been written on South African plants,

It is scarcely possible to say definitely to what number of
volumes the descriptive matter may extend. That it will re-
quire at least five volumes of the size of this first volume seems pro-
bable ; and these can scarcely be completed in less than ten years.
Within that time the authors anticipate, from their numerous
friends and correspondents in the Colonies, so much additional
information on South African botany, that probably a consider-
able supplement may be needed to the earlier volumes. If their
undertaking meet with approval after its completion equal to
the encouragement with which they have already been favoured
by the Colonial Government, and by private individuals in the
colony, they will have received the best and most grateful reward
of their labours.

The authors desire here most prominently to record their deep
sense of the confidence reposed in them, and the essential aid ex-
tended to their work, by the Parliament of Sduth Africa, which,
on the proposal of the Governor General, has, by a liberal grant

PREFACE. g*

of money (at the rate of £150 per volume), relieved them from
much of the cost of publication ; and at the same time has left
the whole impression at their disposal. Few works of the kind
have a large sale, and without such patronage the present Flora
could not be carried out. Nor has the Governor's thoughtful
kindness been limited to obtaining the parliamentary grant.
His Excellency, by a government notice (No. 387.—1857) has
invited contributions of dried specimens of plants from persons
residing within the Colonies, or the neighbouring Free States, and
has undertaken to forward the same, if sent to the Colonial Office,
Capetown, to the authors, free of expence. Already this notice
has elicited the active co-operation of several obliging collectors
of specimens, and furnished much valuable material for this work.
The authors now earnestly solicit from their still unknown
friends, collections, large or small, of specimens, dried according
to the plain directions which will be found at page xxiv of the
“Intr. to Botany” that follows this preface ; which collections
shall be duly and thankfully acknowledged in future volumes.
And, as they may serve to render the Flora more complete than
it could otherwise be, the senders will be doubly rewarded; they
will have the satisfaction of having forwarded the cause of science,
and will reap the advantage promised to those that cast bread on
the waters,—they will themselves gain information by imparting
it to others.

The authors have now thankfully to acknowledge their obli-
gations :— :

To Mrs. F. W. BArser of Queenstown district, and her
brother Henry Bowker, Esq., for several very interesting par-
cels of the rarer plants of the Winterberg, and of the country
extending thence eastward beyond the Kei.

To GENERAL Botton, R. E., for collections made in the
neighbourhood of Grahamstown.

To Henry Hutton, Esq. of Grahamstown, for considerable
collections made in Albany.

To JoHN SANDERSON, Esq. of D’Urban, for very interesting
and valuable collections from the Natal Colony and from Trans-
vaal, containing many new genera and species.

To Dr. SuTHERLAND, Surveyor-General, Natal, for small but

10* PREFACE. —

carefully selected collections made in various parts of his district,
during hasty professional visits; in one of which expeditions he
discovered the GREYIA SUTHERLANDI,* one of the most remark-
able of South-east African shrubs.

To R. HALuack, Esq., Port Elizabeth, for interesting infor-
mation on plants of the Natal Colony, accompanied by speci- _
mens obtained on hasty journeys when the traveller could not —
burden his horse with paper or vasculums. These plants having :
been collected and preserved under difficulties, deserve the more 3
regard; and especially as most of them were new to us. Mr.
Hallack is well acquainted with plants, and we look forward to
his future visits to Natal with considerable expectation.

To Mrs. HoLuanD, of Port Elizabeth, for well-executed out-
line drawings, accompanied by dried specimens, of Orchidez and
other plants of Uitenhage. Mrs. Holland has most kindly under-
taken to furnish Dr. Harvey with sketches from the life of plants
desirable to figure in “ Thesawrus Capensis.”

To Dr. Roser, of Gnadendal, for an interesting series of well
dried specimens from that rich botanical region.

To Davip ARNOT, Esq. of Colesberg, for a box of living suc-
culent plants (forwarded to Kew Gardens).

To CHARLES WRIGHT, Esq. of the United States Japan Expe-
dition, for upwards of five hundred species of plants collected
whilst the vessels were detained in Simon’s Bay. Strange to say,
this collection contains some species not received from other col-
lectors.

To ANDREW WYLEY, Esq., late Geological-Surveyor, for several
parcels of specimens collected chiefly along the Orange River,
from Colesberg to the mouth, and in Great Namaqualand. These
parcels, received while the last sheet of this volume was passing
through the press, contain several new plants ; and among other
things of interest is a specimen (leaf and flowers) of the “ Lle-
phant’s Trunk,” that most singular of Namaquan plants, and
which proves to be a species of Adenium (A. Namaquanum
Wyl.), a genus found also in Senegal and Arabia.

* Now introduced to Britain from a few seeds sent by Dr. Sutherland in a letter .
to Sir William Hooker, and successfully raised by Mr. Moore, of the Botanic —
Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin.

PREFACE. 417

Lastly, but not least, the authors offer their best acknowledg-
ments to Dr. PAppE, Colonial-Botanist, for several very valuable
collections already received, and for his expressed intention of
continuing to assist them, as the work proceeds, with materials
for each volume. Dr. Pappe’s long residence at the Cape, and
long familiarity with its botany, have given him peculiar qualifi-
cations for filling the post of Colonial Botanist with honor to
himself and advantage to the public. The Cape government is
fortunate in being able to secure, on the spot, the services of a
gentleman so fully competent to render assistance; and the
authors of this Flora deem themselves equally fortunate in parti-
cipating in the fruits of Dr. Pappe’s old and new explorations.
It is a real pleasure to receive a packet, large or small, of Dr.
Pappe’s personal collections ; for not only are the specimens
themselves well selected and complete, but they are most care-

fully dried,—flattened without being squeezed, and never tangled —

or interwoven. Besides his own extensive collections, Dr. Pappe
is in possession of the whole of the dried plants left by the
lamented CHARLES ZEYHER; from the duplicates of which he
has furnished the authors sith many rarities.

Turning a moment from South African friends, the authors
have now to express gratitude to those who in Europe have fa-
voured their undertaking. And first and specially they are most
deeply indebted to SIR WILLIAM HOOKER, not only for throwing
open to them, in the freest manner, the unrivalled Kew Herbarium,
permitting them to study the specimens at Dublin and at Ham-
burgh, and to compare and authenticate with their own collec-
tions ;—but also for the great interest he has from the commence-
ment shown in this undertaking. To him primarily it is due
that the work was set on foot. He it was who suggested it,
and assisted in devising the plan on which it should be moulded;
he also introduced the authors to many of the valued South
African correspondents to whom they have recorded their obli-
gations; and, lastly, his strong recommendation of the under-
taking to Sir George Grey was mainly instrumental in obtaining
the grant from the Colonial Parliament.

Warm thanks are also due to the following ingne

12? PREFACE.

botanists and curators of museums, for allowing access to their
Herbaria and to museums under their charge, viz. :—

To Dr. Etias Friks, Professor at Upsala, for access to the
original specimens of Thunberg’s “ Flora Capensis.”

To Dr. N. J. ANDERssON, Professor at Stockholm, for access
to the plants of Bergius, Thunberg, Sparmann, éc.

To Dr. F. Kiorzscu, Conservator of the Berlin Herbarium, for
access to Willdenow’s, Link’s, Kunth’s, Chamisso and Schlech-
tendahl’s, and Mundt’s plants.

To Dr. E. FEnzz, Professor at Vienna, for access to Jac-
quin’s original specimens, and other important collections in the
Imperial Herbarium.

To Dr. C. F. Meisner, Professor at Basle, for plants from the
collection of Krauss, &c.

To Dr. FERDINAND Krauss, Professor at Stuttgart, for a col
lection of Diosmew, named by Steudel.

To Dr. GRISEBACH, Professor at Goettingen, for the Diosmew
of the Herbarium of Bartling.

To H. WENDLAND, Director of the Royal Garden at Herren-
hausen, for authenticated Diosmec, Rhamnew, Geraniacee, and
Byttneriacee.

To Dr. JosepH Roxper, Professor at Rostoch, for Oxalidee,
Diosmee, and Celastrinee, named by Lamarck.

To GrorcEe BENTHAM, Esq., V.P.L.S., for the free use of his
rich Herbarium (now deposited at Kew).

To Dr. J. D. Hooxer, F.R.S. Assistant-Director of the Royal
Gardens, Kew, for facilitating our access to the collections, and
aiding us from time to time by personal references to scattered
plants.

To N. B. Warp, Esq. F.R.S., for the donation of specimens
of the rarer heaths, collected by Masson and other early ex-
plorers.

To Dr. ALEXANDER Prior, of Halse House and Regent's
Park, for access to his Herbarium, and the donation of several
interesting specimens of Cape plants.

To Dr. W. J. BurcHELL, of Fulham, the celebrated traveller,
for the verification of several of the Polygalee and Muraltve
first described from his specimens.

ee Tee es a ee

PREFACE, 13*

To this copious list two distinguished names should have been
gratefully added, had not both been removed by death during
the publication of this volume. The late Professors, LEHMANN,
of Hamburgh, and E. Mryer of Konigsberg, who possessed rich
collections of South African plants, have largely contributed to
the completeness of this Flora by placing in the authors’ hands,
for examination and description, many rarities not otherwise
accessible ; and Professor Lehmann, especially, as Dr. Sonder’s
early friend and first instructor in botany, felt a lively interest in
the labours of his former pupil.

A few words may be useful to the student or amateur in guid-
ing him to the use of this FLORA. In the present stage of the
publication we must swppose that he has some previous know-
ledge, sufficient to tell him whether the plant he wishes to name
be one described in this first volume or not. This volume con-
tains only the Thalamiflore (or polypetalous Exogens with
hypogynous stamens) and six Orders of Calyciflore (a great
group, which will extend over vols. 2 and 3). Unless therefore
his plant be exogenous, polypetalous, and with hypogynous, or
somewhat perigynous, but not epigynous stamens, he will not
find it in this first volume. Supposing it be polypetalous, with
hypogynous stamens, and that he does not know to what Order
it should be referred, (if he have no manual of Systematic
Botany at hand) let him turn to the table headed “Sequence
of natural orders, &c.” page xxxiv. There, partly by reading the
characters of the Orders, and comparing with his specimen ; and
partly by passing over such Orders as he knows it cannot be re-
ferred to, he may arrive—after a little practice—at a knowledge
of what Order his plant belongs to. This is at first a difficult
process, and the unassisted student will make many blunders ;
but if he have patience to struggle with this difficulty, and memory
to retain any step once fairly gained, the rest of the book will
be comparatively easily mastered. For, once the student is quite
sure that he knows the proper natural Order of his specimen by
turning to that Order in the body of the work, and consulting
the “Table of the South African Genera” which follows the

description of the Order, he will find the genus indicated in the

14* PREFACE.

fewest words, and contrasted with other allied genera. Thus,
suppose his specimen be a Dianthus (or Wild Pink), and that he
has found out that it belongs to the Caryophyllee; turning to
page 120, he sees by the “Zable” that there are six sub-orders,
under one or other of which his plant will be placed. To ascer-
tain the proper sub-order, he must carefully look at the charac-
ters of each; and as the characters given are absolute, except —
where the contrary is stated, failure in one character will exclude
a genus from any sub-order. Of sub-order (1) Silenee, the first
character is, “ calyx tubular ;” in all the other sub-orders, ex-
cept (4) Mollugimee, we have “calyx 5-parted or 4—parted;
consequently if his plant have a tubular, or a cleft (not parted)
calyx, it must belong either to Silenew or to Molluginee. To —
determine to which of these it belongs, he must compare it with
the other characters given. If it have no petals, or if it have —
numerous (more than 5) linear petals, or alternate, tufted or —
whorled leaves, or stipules, it cannot belong to Silenew. These —
are obvious characters that strike the eye ; but if still doubtful,
let him cross-cut the ovary, and see whether it be “ wnilocular,”
or 3-5-celled :” this character is absolute, and will determine his
plant (supposed a Dianthus) to belong to Silenew. Under —
Silene he has three genera contrasted ; and a glance at the base —
of the calyx will tell him that there are bracts, and consequently
that his plant must be a Dianthus. Having thus determined
the genus, let him turn to page 122, and read the full generic
character there given, and the remarks in small print under it ;—
he will thus be satisfied that he is right in his use of the table,
or will discover his error, if he have made one. Still supposing
he has hold of a Dianthus, he now further wishes to ascertain
which species it is. The nine species described are grouped
under three sub-sections, thus :—
* Stem simple, one flowered. (Sp. 1-2).

** Stem paniculately branched. Petals entire or toothed (Sp. 3-6).

“** Stems branched. Petals deeply digitate or pinnatifid (Sp. 7-9):
These characters are so strongly contrasted, that no difficulty
will be found in referring our Dianthus to one or other. If the
stem be one-flowered, the plant must either be D. caspilosus 0
D. scaber. To decide between these, observe the words which

PREFACE. 15*

are in the specific character printed in italics ; these indicate
the points to be specially noticed in the description, being those
by which the two species chiefly differ from each other. Thus
the “stems glabrous,” and bracts “2-3 times shorter than the
(14-2 inch long) tube,” contrast with “stems scabrid” and
bracts “ twice or thrice as short as the (inch long) tube.” The
points to be noted, therefore, are whether the stem be quite
smooth or rough, and whether the calyx be only an inch long, or
approaching 2 inches. The further remarks in small print under
each species, and the habitats or stations where the plant has
been gathered, will afford additional helps to the student, and it
is hoped will enable him to decide on the name. ,

An explanation of the principal contractions used may be use-
ful. Thus, after the localities of each species, appears some such
formula as (Herb. Thunb., Hook., T.C.D., Vind., Sond., Lehm..,
r. Ber.) This would mean that the author had personally con-
sulted and compared specimens of the species in the Herbaria
_ of Thunberg ; Hooker; Trinity College, Dublin ; Vienna ; Son-
der ; Lehmann ; and Berlin: thus enabling the futufe student,
by reference to any of these Herbaria, to ascertain the plant
intended to be described in the text.

Authors’ names are variously contracted. It does not seem
necessary to explain all, but some of those most constantly used
are, Eck. and Zey, or E. & Z.=Ecklon and Zeyher, the well
known collectors and distributors of Cape plants. EL. Mey. and
EF. M.=the late Prof. Ernest Meyer, author of a commentary on
part of Drege’s collections, and the authority for the names of
most of Drege’s distributed plants. DC.=De Candolle; Linn.
or L.=Linneus ; Hook or Hk.= Hooker ; Thunb. or Th.=
Thunberg; Burm.=Burmann ; Burch.= Burchell; Bartl. and
Wendl. or B. & W.=Bartling and Wendland; Endl. Gen.=
Endlicher’s Genera Plantarum ; Bot. Mag.= Botanical Maga-
zine; Jacg.=Jacquin ; L’Her.=L’ Heritier ; Harv. or H.=Dr.
Harvey ; Sond. or Sd.= Dr. Sonder.

The work throughout has been written in the English lan-
guage, in order that it may be useful asa book of reference to the
widest circle of the Colonial public, to many of whom it would
be comparatively useless if composed partly or wholly in Latin. _

16* -*- PREFACE,

The authors have endeavoured to avoid unnecessary technical
words or phrases, where a common English expression conveys
as definite a meaning. In the majority of cases, however, they
have used the ordinary botanical terms, as being the briefest and
clearest for the purpose; but as most or all of these terms will
be found explained in the “Outline Introduction to Botany,”
and are referred to in the “Indew of terms” which follows,
the student may soon become familiar with those in most
constant use; and having learned to contrast “ glabrous” with
“ smooth,” (the former being used for smoothness as distinguish-
ed from hairiness, the latter smoothness as contrasted with me-
quality of surface, or roughness) he will see the necessity of having
definite terms with accurately discriminated significations.
We should have added English names to the genera and
principal species, had we not found it impossible to do so in a
practically useful manner; and this for the following reasons :
st. English names of plants are of no certain application, and
often differ in different districts of England ; and, for aught the
authors know, may have acquired new meanings in the Colony.
and. The number of Cape genera having established English
names is extremely few; and often the same English name is
applicable to several genera. Thus, the colonial name “ Milk-
bush” signifies not merely a Gomphocarpus, but any Asclepiade-
ous plant, and would probably also be given to a shrubby
Euphorbia or any milky-juiced plant. “ Zuwrebesjies” is given
to several distinct and widely separated shrubs or trees, which
happen to agree in having acid, edible fruits. “ Blwmbosch” has
a still wider range of meaning; and so of other colonial names.
3rd.— English names for genera being comparatively few ; if we
had adopted the practice of always giving English names,
we could only accomplish the feat by inventing colloquial
names or soubriquets, i. e. introducing new barbarous words, 4
practice we do not think desirable to follow. If colonial names
do exist for a large number of genera, colonial botanists must
communicate them to the authors before the latter can be
expected to know them, or their application. We can determine
the botanical name, if it have one, of any unnamed plant sent to
us ; but no amount of sagacity or learning could discover for us

PREFACE. pho

the proper Colonial or local name. Wherever our correspondents
have furnished us with these local names, we have given them;
where they have not done so, we have only abstained from
inventing “nicknames.” We make these observations in re-
ference to a friendly criticism which has reached us from the
Cape, and we trust this explanation will satisfy our critic that it
is less easy than he imagines to comply with his requirements.

A word or two respecting the part each author has taken in
the work may fitly close this preface. As one lives in Dublin,
and the other in Hamburgh, joint action in every case is im-
possible. Feeling this difficulty, the authors determined to
divide the work between them ; each taking those Orders for his
share with which he was most familiar, and working them out in-
dependently without reference to his brother author. The Orders
severally elaborated by each are indicated at the head of the
page by the (Harv.) or (Sond.) following the heading ; and the
author's name is printed in full immediately above the description
of the Orders. To ensure uniformity of plan, the Ordinal
characters and subtending remarks are all written by Dr. Harvey,
who has also had the oversight of the printing, and the general
editorship; and who is therefore responsible for certain errors
of typography which have escaped notice, and which, so far
as observed, will be found corrected in the list of addenda and
corrigenda.

Trinity College, Dublin,
May 10, 1860.

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

Page. :

22, for A? nudicaulis read A? nudiuscula, 2. Mey./ A. nudiuscula, E. Mey. is
the same as Barbarca preecox ? (Herb. Paris) from Abyssinia, and of Schim-
per’s Abyss. Pl. No. 113 and 674, fide J. D. Hook. in litt.

24, §. capense, var. a = Drege 7538, ex pte. var. y, == Drege 7539, ex pte.

26, line 11, for ‘‘bent” read ‘‘ flexuous,”

28, under L, myriocarpa, add:

Stem erect, 2 feet or more high. Radical leaves wanting in our specimens ;
the middle ones 2-3 inches long, 1-2 lines wide ; the upper smaller. Panicle
1 foot or longer: racemes many flowered, 14-3 inches long. Pedicels 2 lines
long. Flowers white, very small. Silicule } line long.

29, line 20, add, Drege, 7543.

30, line r1, add, Drege, 7542, b.

32, line 7, add, Drege, 7547.

55, line 34, in place of 1683 read 1834.

59, line 33, read “ Ovary stipitate, unilocular : ovules numerous.”

61, after Boscia caffra insert : «

2. B. angustifolia (Harv.) ; leaves lanceolate-linear, much attenuate
at base, subpetiolate, mucronulate, coriaceous, veiny, glabrous, stipulate ;
peduncles axillary and terminal, much shorter than the leaves, densely
racemose, several flowered ; sepals villoso-ciliate ; flowers polyandrous.

Has. About Jackalsberg and Missionary Drift, Namaqualand, Andrew Wyley, Esq.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A virgate, slender, glabrous shrub, with pale yellowish-green twigs and leaves.
Leaves 2-24 inches long, 13-2 lines wide, rigid, flat or inrolled, scattered, subdis-
tant, spreading. Peduncles 4-1} inches long, 6-10 flowered ; bracts at the base of
the pedicels deciduous, linear, each with two minute, persistent stipelle. Stipules
toothlike, minute. Pedicels 2-4 lines long. Calyx tube conical, densely glandular
at the throat. Sepals oblong, blunt, with woolly margins. Ovary on a long stalk,
oval ; fruit not seen. ‘‘ The wood is hard and close grained.” A. W.

62, line 10, add, Drege, 7535, Zey. 1916.
65, line 6, add, Drege, 2940.
67, line 1, add, Gueinzius, 96 and 100.

68, after P. Mundtii, add Zey. 3785 ; after P. Eckloni, Zey. 3783 ; after P. Zeyheri,
69, after th ‘cineca, add Zey. 3989, Drege, 2352, EZ. & Z. Urtic. 2 ; after T. alni-
folia, add Drege, 4613, E. § Z. Urtic. 3.

89, after P. affinis, insert :

16.* P. Carmichaelii (Harv.); suffruticose, diffuse, patently pubes-
cent, with long, trailing branches ; leaves minutely petioled, oblongo-
lanceolate, very acute, midribbed, flat, pubescent ; racemes opposite the
leaves, short, few-flowered, spreading or reflexed ; peduncles filiform ;
bracts persistent, lanceolate, acute ; als elliptic-ovate, acute, glabrous ;
ant. sepals ovate, acute, glabrous ; keel crested; lat. petals oblong,
2—lobed ; capsule obcordate, as wide as the purple ale.

Has. Cape, Carmichael! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Root woody. Stems many from the crown, 2-3 feet long, procumbent, with many
slender bran: The whole plant is patently pubescent. Leaves 3 lines long, 1
eis quite flat. Peduncles uncial, with 3-4 flowers near the extremity. Ale

”

20* ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA.

"89, under P. Lehmanniana, add :
var. B, pteropus (Harv.) ; densely pubescent, and more robust ; peduncles rather
broadly winged upwards, two-edged toward the slender base. (Hab.—Cape.
Capt. Carmichael, in Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

102, after M. asparagifolia, insert :

16.* M. acerosa (Harv.) ; czespitose, many stemmed ; stems short,
virgate, subsimple, tomentulose ; leaves fascicled, very narrow-subulate,
sub-erect, glabrous, pungent ; flowers minute, sessile; sepals lanceolate,
acuminate ; petals linear, subacute, shorter than the amply lobed keel;
capsule . . te

Has. Swellendam, Dr. Pappe, No. 76 (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) —
Root thick and woody. Stems very numerous, simple, 3—5§ inches high, densely
leafy. Leaves pale yellow-green, very slender, but much broader than those of
M. asparagifolia. Flowers purple, aline long. Intermediate between M. asparagi-
folia and M, acicularis, but seemingly distinct from both : much more glabrous than
the latter.

114, to F. capitata, var. a, add Zey. 1955 ; var. 5, Zey. 1954.

156, erase G, miltus (Fenzl.) altogether. The plant so named by Moquin in DC.
Prod. proves to be merely a discoloured specimen of G. pentadecandra, E. Mey.

175, line 11, add syn. H. cuneifolius, Garke.

230, erase 8, Zeyheri (Planch.) altogether. The shrub so named proves to be an
abnormal condition of Eleodendron croceum (page 468.)

319, line 22, in place of “ 5-10 angled,” read “‘ 5-6 angled.”

321, to O, linearis, var. y, add syn. O. aretioides, Turcz. Bull. Mosc. 1858. No. 2,

p- 436.
324, to 0. laburnifolia, Jacq. add syn. O. arthrophylia, Turez. 1. c. 433.
325, change 0. albida, Sond. to 0. leucotricha, Turcz. 1. c.
325, line 36, ‘‘ Petals yellow, with blackish margins.”
327, to 0. ramigera, var. a, Sond. add syn. O. gymnoclada, Turcz. 1. c. ; to var. B
add 0. minutifolia, Turez. 1. ¢.
332, to O. pulchella, Jacq. add syn. O. foveolata, Turcz. ex pte.
333, to 0. calligera, Sond. add syn. O. foveolata, Turcz. ex pte. :
334, to 0. punctata, Linn. add syn. O. favosa, Turez, 1. c. ; and add to the habitats,
Zey. 236, 238, 336, 2104, 2118.

336, line 1, after ‘ keeled,” add “ leaflets.”
336, change 0. glaucovirens, Sond. to 0. stenoptera, Turcz. 1. c.
336, to 0. minima, Sond. add syn. O. nidulans, Turcz. 1. c., non E. & Z.
337, change 0, Uitenhagensis, Sond. to 0. psilopoda, Turcz. 1. c.
337, to 0, imbricata, E. Z. add syn. O. multifolia, Turcz. 1. c.
337, to O, imbricata, E, Z. var. 8, Sond. add syn. O. elegantula, Turcz. 1. c.
339, to 0, natans, L. add syn. O. rugulosa, Turez. 1. ¢.
rs poy) * cae or whitish with a yellowish tube.”

, to 0. heterophy’ . add . O. stenodactyla, Turcz. 1. c.
344, O. densifolia, Sond. is the =a 0. densifolia, Turcz. Lc.
347, line 11, for “ Flowers 4} inch long,” read ‘‘ Flowers about 1 inch long.”
347, line 17, for Thunb. Diss. N. 22, read No. 25.
348, line 22, for 113 read 13.
348, line 36, for 539 read 659.
353, line 25, for petiole read peduncle.
353, line 41, for Wright read Wight.
355, after Augea, insert :

IIL.* FAGONIA, Tourn.
Calyx 5—parted, deciduous. Petals 5, clawed, longer than the calyx-
Stamens 10, hypogynous, equal; filaments filiform, naked at bas
erect ; anthers cordate. Ovary acutely 5-angled, 5—celled. 4
5-angled, continuous with the ovary ; stigma acute. Capsule pyratl

ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Zi”

dal, 5-sided, of 5-cocci, falling away at maturity from a persistent axis.
—Endl. Gen. No. 6034.

Herbaceous plants, natives of the dry Mediterranean regions, and of the African
and Asiatic deserts. Leaves 3-foliolate, opposite ; stipules pungent, spreading.
Peduncles 1-flowered, axillary. Flowers purple or violet, rarely yellow. Name in
honour of M. Fagon, a great patron of botany under Louis XIV.

1. F. cretica (Linn.) var. glandulosa(Harv.) ; glandularly pubescent ;
leaflets rhombic-ovate or ovato-lanceolate, the lateral unequal-sided,
spinoso-mucronate ; stipules subulate, pungent, patent ; capsule pubes-
cent or glandular, broader than long.

Has. Namaqualand, Mr. A. Wyley. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Stems woody at base, procumbent, much branched. Petioles 4-7 lines long ; the
leaflets as long or shorter, 3-4 lines wide, the medial twice the width of the lateral.
Flowers lilac-purple, with bright orange stamens. Except in pubescence this does
not differ from the plant of the North African desert. We have equally pubescent

specimens from India.

Page.

357, line 7, ‘‘ seeds blackish.”

358, line 39, erase syn. Z. capense, Lam.

359, to Z. flexuosa, var. B, add Drege, 7168.

360, to Z. morgsana, L. add syn. Z. capense, Lam.! Herb.

361, line 26, for Drege 1265, read 7165 ; line 36, add “‘ capsule half-inch long, 5-6
lines wide.”

369, after Melianthus Dregeana, insert :

5. M. pectinata (Harv.); leaflets narrow-linear, very entire, with
revolute margins, glabrous and furrowed above, albo-tomentose beneath ;
stipules subulate ; racemes erect, flowers approaching in whorls ; bracts
ovate-acuminate ; upper calyx segment cuspidate; capsule ?

Has. Namaqualand, Andr. Wyley, Esq. (Herb. T.C.D.)

A rigid shrub. Leaves densely set on short twigs, pectinato-pinnate, the common
petiole with narrow, glabrous, revolute wings between the leaf-pairs. Leaflets 8-10
pairs, 1-14 inch long, 1 line wide, patent, exactly linear, pale green, rigid. Stipules
broad at base, subulate-attenuate. Peduncles purple, puberulous, 3-4 inches long,
with 3-4 imperfect whorls of flowers. Bracts equalling the pedicels, 2-3 lines wide.
Flowers dull red. Posterior sepal § lines long, concave, broad at base, ending in
2 short, blunt lateral lobes, and one medial, subulate cusp: lateral (inner) se
broadly subulate ; two lower sepals 9-10 lines long, oblong, acute, striate. P. 4,
on mag claws ; lamina undulate, lanceolate, reflexed, the two lower toothed at the
base of the lamina. Shorter stamens connate at base; longer not half as long as
the lower sepals. A very distinct species, easily known by its narrow and quite
entire leaflets. Only one specimen seen.

373, to Euch, dubia Sond. add syn. Acmadenia cassiopoides, Turcz. 1. c.

377, line 35, add Drege 2250. '

378, line 47, add Zey. 3775 (Gnidia).

383, to A. assimile, Sond. add syn. Luchetis levigata, Turcz.

415, for A. craspedata, read A. craspedota.

439, to M. villosa, add syn. Mac. Sieberi, Turcz. 1. c.

449, to A. pulchra, add Zey. 302.

450, to C. cymosa, add Zey. 536.

_ 468, line 4, for Chloroxylon read Crocoxylon. re os

OUTLINES OF AN INTRODUCTION

TO

SYSTEMATIC BOTANY.

[Taken, with slight alterations and additions, and by permission of the author, from
Mr. Bentham’s admirable introduction to his ‘Handbook of the British Flora.”]

I. DeFInITIONS.

1. A Frora of any country consists of descriptions of all the wi/d or native plants
of that country, so drawn up and arranged that the student may easily identify any
plant with the corresponding description.

2. The descriptions should be clear, concise, accurate, and characteristic, so that
each may be applied to the plant it is intended for, and to no other ; they should be
arranged as nearly as possible under natural divisions, so as to facilitate the com-
parison of each plant with that most nearly allied to it ; and when numerous they
should be accompanied by analytical tables, in which the prominent characters of the
species are synoptically presented to the eye, and so contrasted and divided that the
student, by carefully comparing the peculiarities or characters of his plant with the
characters laid down in the tables, may be guided with the least delay to the
description belonging thereto.

3. Descriptions, to be clear and readily intelligible, should be expressed, if pos-
sible, in ordi , well-established language ; but, for purposes of accuracy, it is
necessary not only to give a more precise, technical meaning to many terms often
used vaguely in conversation, but also to introduce purely technical words and
phrases, to express parts of plants, or forms or conditions, which are of little use ex-
cept to the botanist. Our object in these introductory outlines is to define and
explain all technical or technically limited words made use of in the FLora.

4. Mathematical accuracy, however, must not be expected. The forms assumed
by plants and by their parts are all but infinite. Names cannot be invented for all,
nor is strict accuracy in application always attainable. The parts to be described
are never precisely regular, nor is the same part precisely of the same form in two
individuals of the same species: the botanist’s definitions partake in this uncertainty,
and his aim should be, by a few forcible words, to strike out a character applicable
to average individuals ud thn specase to be described. — ee :

5. Under the common term Plant botanists include every being that has vegetable

4 _ life; from the lofty forest tree to the moss upon its stem, the mouldiness on out

decaying provisions, or the green scum that floats on stagnant water.
6. Eyery portion of a plant which has a distinct office or function to perform in

the operations of vegetable life is called an

7. The organs of plants are of two kinds, the elementary and the compound.
8. Elementary organs are those ultimate parts or tissues of which the body of a
compound vegetable consists, viz., cellular-tissue, woody-tissue, and vascular-tissue.
9. Compound organs are formed by various combinations of the elementary, and

_ Sppear under the form of Root, Stem, Leaves, Flowers, Fruit. Of these the three __ :
_ first, whose function is to assist in the growth of the plant, are termed Organs of ae
‘vegetation ; and the two last, whose office is the formation of seed, are the Organs of ae

li INTRODCUTION TO BOTANY.

10. All these compound organs, in some shape or other, exist at some period of
the life of most, if a aay flowering-plants, technically called phanogamous or pha-
nerogamous-plants ; which all bear jlowers of more or less complex structure, and are
all propagated by seeds containing a germ or embryo-plantlet. Flowerless or erypto-
gamic-plants (Ferns, Mosses, Fungi, Lichens, Seaweeds, &c.) have either very im-
perfect representatives of flowers, or are absolutely flowerless ; and are invariably
propagated, not by seeds, but by spores, which do not contain any distinct germ or
embryo

11. The elementary organs will be described afterwards ; we shall consider the
compound under the following heads: Root, Rootstock, Stem, Leaves, Stipules,
Bractee, Inflorescence, Flower, Perianth, Disc, Pistil, Ovule, Receptacle, Fruit,
Seed.

§ 2. The Root.

12. The primary Root or descending-axis grows downwards from the base of the
stem, divides and spreads in the earth or water, and absorbs food for the plant
through the extremities of its branches. :

13. Roots ordinarily produce neither buds nor leaves ; their branches, called fibres
when slender and long, proceed irregularly from any part of their surface ; and they
encrease in length by constant small additions to their extremities.

14. Though roots proceed usually from the base of the stem or root-stock, they
may be formed at the base of any bud, especially if the bud lie along the ground, or
if placed in circumstances favourable for their development.

= Shei 'thily cates chinllp-ol cltnder Secs

ia cdma’ hd ae ;
per Wiearelier the main root or its branches are thickened into short,
fleshy or woody masses called tubers ; :
tap-roots, when the main root descends perpendicularly, emitting only very
few fibrils, as in the carrot.

§ 3. The Root-stock or Rhizome.

16. The Stock of a herbaceous perennial, in its complete state, includes a small
portion of the summits of the previous year’s roots, as well as of the base of the pre-
vious year’s stems. Such stocks will encrease yearly so as at length to form dense
tufts. They will often preserve through the winter a few leaves, amongst which
are placed the buds, which grow out into stems the following year, whilst the under-
side of the stock emits new roots from or amongst the remains of the old ones. _
These perennial stocks only differ from the permanent base of an undershrub in the ~
shortness of the perennial part of the stems, and in their usually less woody texture.

17. In some perennials the stock consists merely of a branch, which issues in
autumn from the base of the stem, either above-ground or under-ground, and pro-
duces one or more buds. This branch, or a portion of it, alone survives the winter.
Tn the following year its buds produce the new stem and roots, whilst the rest of the
plant has died away. These annual-stocks, called sometimes hybernacula, offsets, or
stoles, keep up the communication between the annual stem and root of one year and
those of the following year, thus forming altogether a perennial plant.

18. The stock, whether annual or perennial, is often entirely under ground, or
root-like. To this some botanists limit the terms rovistock or rhizome.

19. The term tuber is applied to a short, thick, succulent root-stock, as well as to

. te of Soe cn eed oR by some called a knob, is an an-
nual tuberous rootstock with one at the top. A us
pricy Rt several buds. f poe | see tale

20. 6 is a sub-globose or conical rootstock, formed chiefly of the fleshy bases
of the leaves of the preceding year, or of the undeveloped leaves of the farere year,
or of both ; it emits roots from its base, and a stem and foliage from its centre, and
frequently forms bulb-lets or offsets in the axils of its scales.

21. Bulbs are, s

a a ef soe thick, narrow, and loosely imbricated, as in the —

tunicated, when the scales are thin, broad, and closely rolled round in concen-

tric layers, as in the onion.

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. ; lil

22. A corm is a fleshy, starchy, and solid rootstock, shaped like a bulb, but not
scaly, though often coated with the membranous leaf-bases of a previous season ;
its buds are naked, and small in comparison to the fleshy base from which they
spring. The Ixias, Gladioluses, &c., afford examples of this form of rootstock.

_ § 4. The Stem.

23. The Stem grows upwards from the root, bears buds which grow out into leafy
branches, and finally produces flowers and fruit. i
24. Stems are, :
erect, when they spring perpendicularly from the root or stock ;
dec , or ascending, when they spread nearly horizontally at the base,
and then gradually turn upwards and become erect ;
procumbent, when they spread along the ground the whole or the greater por-
tion of their length ;
prostrate, when they lie still closer to the ground ;
creeping, when they emit roots at their joints. This term is also applied to
rhizomes or roots, when they spread horizontally. 2
tufted tae, when short, and growing in thick, cushion-like tufts or
‘
diffues, when spreading loosely without being strictly decumbent or procum-
bent

25. Weak stems are said to twine when they support themselves by winding
spirally round any object ; and to climb when they support themselves by their
leaves, or by special clasping organs called tendrils, which are usually either imper-
fectly formed leaf-stalks or flower-stalks. Twining stems are sometimes called
voluble.

26. Suckers are young plants formed at the end of creeping, underground root
stocks.

27. Scions, runners, and stolones or stoles, are names given to young plants formed
at the end, or at the nodes (28) of branches or stocks, creeping wholly or partially
above-ground, and sometimes to the creeping-stocks themselves.

28. A node is a definite point on the stem or on a branch, at which one or more
leaves are given off, and an internode is the portion of a stem comprised between
two nodes. The nodes are pervious when the pith passes continuously through them,
and closed or impervious when it is interrupted by partitions, as in grasses, &c.

29. Leafbuds are small conical bodies, usually covered with scales, and found in —
the ails (33) of leaves of the previous season or of earlier growth ; when occurring
in other positions, as they sometimes do, they are considered adventitious or irregular.
They contain the germs of future branches. ae,
30. Branches (or leaves) are, es a i

opposite, when two proceed from the same node at iy cages sides of the stem ; —
whorled or verticillate, when pogo — same node, arranged
regularly, like the spokes of a w round the stem. = g
germinate, on pairs, when two proceed from the same node at the same side
Of the stems 6c js et ee suas oe
pobre 2 several spring from the same or nearly the same apparent

rhe
ape Oe aes

” Glitrante, Wise one only proceeds from each node, one on one side, and the
next above or below on the opposite side of the stem.
decussate, when opposite, but each pair placed at right-angles to the one next
above or below it ;
distichous, when in two ranks ; tristichous, in three, Xe.
scattered, when placed irregularly round the stem ; but this is often con-
founded with alternate.

_ seewnd, when all start from or turn towards one side of the stem, like the
- teeth of a rake.
- Branch

es are,
Sorked, when divide at the end into two or more equal branches ;

_ dichotomous, eA each 2-pronged-fork is again divided, and this mode of

_ division several times repeated ; ase :

1v = INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

’

Branches are
trichotomous, when the forks are 3-pronged, and this repeated ;
umbellate, when divided at the apex inte several branches, and the central one
not larger than the rest.
82. The straw-like stems.of grasses and some other endogens are often called
~ §5. The Leaves.

33. Leaves are expansions which issue laterally from the stem and branches, and
ae bear a leafbud (29) in their axil, 7.e., the angle formed by the leaf and the
bran

34, An ordinary leaf consists of an expanded, usually flat, blade or lamina, joined
to the stem by a foot-stalk or petiole. The extremity of the lamina next the stem is
the base, the opposite extremity the apex, and a line separating the upper and under
surfaces, the margin. ;

35. Leaves are

sessile, when the blade rests on the stem without the intervention of a petiole ;

amplexicaul, or stem-claspiug, when the sessile base of the blade is not a mere
point, but forms more or less of a ring, clasping the stem horizontally.

perfoliate, when the base of the blade not only clasps the stem. but closes
round it on the opposite side, so that the stem appears to pierce through
the membrane of the leaf itself.

decurrent, when the edges of the leaf are continued down the stem, so as to
form raised lines, or narrow stem-borders called wings. :

sheathing, when the base of the blade, or of the expanded petiole, forms a ver-
tical sheath round the stem for some distance above the node.

36. Leaves (and flowers) are called radical, when they spring directly from a rhi-
zome or stock, or are inserted so close to the base of a stem as to appear to spring
from the root or stock. Leaves are cauline, when they spring from the main por-
tions of the stem, and rameal, when from a branch.

87. Radical-leaves are rosulate, when they spread in a circle on the ground ; cau-
line or rameal-leaves are fascicled or tufted, when the leaves of two or more nodes are
brought close together into a pencil-like tuft, by the non-development of the inter-
nodes ; as in Aspalathus, Asparagus, &c.

38. Leaves are

simple and entire, when the blade consists of a single piece, and the margin is
nowhere indented ; simple being used as the opposite to compound, and
entire as the opposite to dentate, lobed, or divided.

ciliate, when bordered with straight hairs, or minute, hair-like teeth.

dentate or toothed, when the margin is slightly notched at regular distances
into what have been compared to teeth. Such leaves are serrate when
the teeth are pointed like those of a saw; crenate, when blunt and
rounded. The diminutives serrulate, crenulate are used to express
minutely-serrate, or minutely-crenate. The hollows between the teeth
age respectively called serratures and crenatures.

sinuate, when the margin is bluntly indented, with broad, shallow and irre-
gular hollows between the projections (like the bays between the head-
lands of a coast) ; wavy or undulate, when the edges of such a leaf are not

_ flat, but bent up and down (like the waves of the sea). The hollows

between the projectors are called sinuses.

lobed or cleft, when more deeply indented or divided, but so that the incisions
do not reach the midrib or petiole. The teeth or sections of such leaves
are called lobes.

divided, when the incisions reach the midrib or petiole, but the parts so di-
vided off, called segments, do not separate from the petiole, even when
the leaf falls without tearing.

compound, when divided to the midrib or petiole, and the parts so divided off,
called leaflets, bs oboe at least on the fall of the leaf, from the petiole,
as the whole leaf does from the stem, without tearing. The petiole of a
compound-leaf is sometimes called the common-petiole (because common
to all the leaflets, which often are united to it by petiolules or individual
ope sometimes the rachis, a term also applied to the inflorescence

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. Vv

39. Leaves are more or less distinctly marked by veins, which, starting from the
stalk, diverge or branch as the blade widens, and spread over it in various patterns.
These veins represent the woody and vascular system (170) of the leaf. The
principal ones, when prominent, are often called ribs or nerves; the smaller branches
then retaining the names veins or veinlets. When one principal nerve runs direct
from pe = oe the apex of the leaf, it is called the midrib. When several
start from the stalk, diverge slightly without branching, and converge again towards
the summit, they are said to be parallel, although not ‘nathisanadlcaiy so. The ve-
nation is said to be reticulate or netted, when the veins and veinlets are inosculated
together like the meshes of a net : such veins are said to anastomose together.

40. The lobes, segments, or leaflets of leaves are,

pinnate, when several succeed each other on each side of the midrib or com--
mon-petiole (compared to the branches of a feather). A pinnately-lobed
leaf is called pinnatifid. A pinnately-lobed or divided leaf is called lyrate,
when the terminal lobe or segment is very much larger and broader than
the lateral ones ; rwncinate, when the lateral lobes are curved backwards
— the base of the leaf ; pectinate, when the lobes resemble the teeth
of a comb. : ;

palmate or digitate, when several div from the same point ; compared to
the fingers of a hand. A leaf with palmate lobes is called palmatijid.

ternate, when three only start from the same point. A leaf with ternate
lobes is called tvijid. A leaf with 3-leaflets, like a trefoil, is trifoliolate ;
and when the common petiole is prolonged beyond the insertion of the
lateral leaflets, carrying forward the terminal one a short distance, it is
pinnately-trifoliolate or wnijugate.

pedate, when the division is at first ternate, but the two outer branches are
forked, the outer one of each fork again forked, and so on, and all the
branches start from near the base ; vaguely compared to the foot of a
bird. A leaf with pedate lobes is called pedatifid. :

41. The teeth, lobes, segments or leaflets may be again and again toothed, lobed,
divided, or compounded. Some leaves are 3-4 or many times divided or com-
pounded. In the latter case they are termed decompound.

42, The number of leaves, or of their parts, is expressed adjectively by the fol
lowing numerals, derived from the Latin :—

uni-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinque-, sex-, septem-, octo-, novem-, decem-, &c., multi-,
sn ae 3-, 4, i, 6-, a 8, o-, 10-, many-,
ase oer Sg ta np aaa Pea : ae
us,
wni-dentate, bi-dentate, multi-dentate, mean 1-toothed, 2-toothed, many-
toothed.
bi-fid, tri-fid, multi-fid :—2-lobed, 3—-lobed, many-lobed. 2 ee ae
uni-foliolate, bi-foliolate :—with one leaflet, with two leaflets, &e.
uni-jugate, bi-jugate, multi-jugate, with one, two, or many pairs of pinne, or

eaflets of a pinnate leaf. — ee os
43, Leaves, or their parts, or any other flat organs of plants are, :
linear, when long and narrow, at least 4-5 times as long as broad, with the
two margins nearly parallel ; :
subulate, or awl-shaped, when long and narrow, tapering to a sharp point ;
pungent, when the point is rigid and piercing.
lanceolate, when three or more times as long as broad, broadest just below
the middle, and tapering towards the summit ; ‘
cuneate, when broadest above the middle, blunt at the apex, and tapering to
the base; compared to an inverted wedge ; flabelliform or fan-shaped, is
broadly cuneate and rounded at a ne mer a
_ deltoid, equilateral-triangular or shaped like a Greek A : when app!
tooth of a calyz, the base of the triangle is supposed © rest on the
calyx-tube. :
spathulate, when the broad near the top is short, and the narrow, taper-
i patel So 5 enat ae Sak eal Se

>

$s
‘7

vi “INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

Leaves are,- : :

oblong (or broadly-linear) when 2-4 times as long as broad, with sub-parallel
sides and blunt extremities ;

ovate, when about twice as long as broad, broader below the middle, or
shaped like the longitudinal section of an egg ; obovate is the same form
reversed, the narrow end being at base.

orbicular or rotund, when approaching to a circular form.

oval or elliptical, when broadest in the middle, with curved sides, like an
ellipse or oval.

transversely-oblong or oblate, when conspicuously broader than long.

rhomboidal or rhomboid, when shaped like the mathematical figure called
a vhombus.

falcate, shaped like a scythe, curved with nearly parallel sides and a sharp

int.

44, cede forms are expressed by combining two terms. Thus, a linear-
lanceolate leaf is long and narrow, yet rather broader below the middle and tapering
toa point; ovato-lanceolate is broad towards the base, yet tapering towards the
apex, &c. ;

45. The apex or summit of a leaf is,

acute or pointed, when it is sharp, or forms an acute angle,

obtuse or blunt, when it forms an obtuse angle or oftener is rounded.

acuminate, when suddenly narrowed near the top and then prolonged into an
acumen or projecting point, which may be acute or obtuse, linear or
tapering ; euspidate is either synonymous with acuminate, or else used to
express a more exaggerated degree of acumination, with a more sudden,
sharper, and more rigid point.

truncate, when the end is cut off nearly square.

retuse, when very obtuse or truncate, and slightly indented in the middle ;

a or notched, when more decidedy indented at the end of the mid-
TID ;

mucronate, when the mid-rib is produced beyond the apex in the form of a

“small point ; mucronulate when it projects very little.

aristate, when the point is long and fine, like a bristle.

46. The base of the leaf is liable to the same variations of form as the apex, but —
the terms commonly used are tapering or narrowed for acute and acuminate ;
rounded for obtuse ; and cordate for emarginate, But the term cordiform, cordate or
heart-shaped leaf is restricted to an ovate and acute leaf, cordate at base, with
rounded auricles; and obcordate to an obovate, deeply emarginate or sub-bilobed
leaf or leaflet, with rounded lobes. The word awricle is more strictly applied to the
prolonged base of sessile, and stem-clasping leaves.

47. If the awricles (46) are pointed, the form is said to be sagittate when the points
are directed downwards, as in the head of an arrow; hastate, when the points di-
verge horizontally, compared to a halbért.

48. A reniform leaf is broader than long, very obtuse at apex, slightly but broadly
cordate at base, with rounded auricles, compared to a kidney.

49. In a peltate leaf, the stalk, instead of proceeding from the lower edge of the
blade, is attached to the under surface, often near the lower edge, but sometimes in
the very centre of the blade ; the nerves radiate from the point of attachment of the
ey or proper base of the leaf. It is structurally a cordate or — leaf
Ww. auri are uent B . . : in a
sintlor coatinen confluent ; just as a perfoliate leaf (35) is the amplexicaul,

50, In their consistence, leaves or other flat organs are

Aleshy, when thick and soft ; succulent is generally applied in the same sense,
BOT oly
: 8, Or y W. and or he:
Y ees tence very tough ;

*

scariou, wa gaapeer when very thin, more or less transparent, and not green,

51, Solid leaves (or stems, fruits, seeds, or other parts of plants not flattened)
are fe

acerose or acicular, very slender, like needles 5

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. Vil

Solid leaves, &c., are

setaceous, bristle-form ; capillary, when very slender, like hairs ;

ovoid, when egg-shaped, with the broad end downwards; obovoid, if the
broad end be upwards.

globular or spherical, round like a ball ;

conical, cone-shaped ; tapering upwards, and obconical, tapering downwards,
if in both cases a cross-section shows a circle.

pyramidal, when tapering upwards, 0b-pyramida/, when tapering downwards,
if in both cases a cross section shows a triangle or polygon.

postal. when broad in the middle and tapering to end, like a spindle,
and not lv

cylindrical, when not perceptibly tapering and not angular.

terete, cylindrical, with the ee section circular ;

trigonous, rather bluntly 3-angled ; triquetrous, sharply 3-angled.

Jlattened or depressed, when verti com 3

compressed, when laterally flattened; and ob-compressed (a bad term) some-
times used in the sense of dorsally-compressed.

52. The mode in which unexpanded leaves are disposed in the leaf-bud is called
their vernation or prefoliation: it varies considerably, but is rarely noticed in de-
scriptive botany.

§ 6. Stipules.

53. Stipules are leaf-like or scale-like appendages at the base of the leaf-stalk or
on the node of the stem. They are often absent: when present they are generally
two, one at each side of the petiole, and they sometimes appear to protect the young
leaf before it is developed. They vary extremely in size and appearance ; and are
either free, i.e., separate from the petiole, or adnate, i.e., laterally attached wholly
or in part to the petiole. They often afford excellent characters in distinguishing
plants from each other, and ought always to be closely observed. —

54. Stipelle, or secon stipules, are similar organs, sometimes found on com-
pound leaves at the points where the leaflets are inserted.

§ 7. Bractee.

55. A Bractea or bract is either the leaf from the axil of which a flower is deve-
loped, when this differs in appearance from an ordinary leaf; or else it is any
reduced leaf situated on the branches of the injlorescence (57) below the calyx.

56. When flower stalks are branched, and have bractez at their first as well as at
their second and subsequent ramifications, the former are called general, the latter
partial bracteze or bracteoles. The terms general and partial are also applied to in-
_ volucres (64) when similarly situated. The word bracteole is sometimes given to the
uppermost bracts, when much smaller or very different from the lower ones. _

§ 8. Jnflorescence. ©

57. The Inflorescence of a plant is the arrangement of the flowering branches,
and of the flowers upon them. An inflorescence is a flowering branch, or the flower-
ing summit of a plant above the last stem-h aves, with its branches, bracts, and
ne flower or an inflorescence is terminal when at the summit of a stem or
leafy branch ; axillary, when in the axil of a lateral leaf. ;

59. A peduncle or flower-stalk is the stalk either of a solitary flower or of an inflo-
rescence; in the latter case it may be either simple or branched. A pedicel is the
ultimate branchlet of an inflorescence, supporting a single flower.

60. A scape is a peduncle that proceeds from the root-stock, or from so near the
base of the stem as to appear radical, provided always that it bears no leaves at all,
or that the leaves are reduced to mere scales or bracts.

61. The inflorescence is centrifugal, when the terminal flower opens first, and
those on the lateral branches are successively developed ; centripetal, when the
lowest flowers open first and the main stem continues to lengthen, developing fresh
flowers. Both these kinds of inflorescence may be combined on the same plant ;
the main branches: may be centripetal, and the flowers on the lateral branches cen-

trifugal, or vice versa.

Vill INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

62. An Inflorescenceis

a Spike, or spicate, when the flowers are sessile along a single unbranched
axis, called the rachis. Catkin is the name given to the spicate inflores-
cence of several trees whose flowers are reduced to scaly bracts or are
very imperfect ; as in the oak, willow, &c. Spadix is a fleshy spike
round which is rolled a single large bract, or spathe, as in the arum plant
(Richardia Ethiopica). The inflorescence of a Palm is usually a branch-
ing spadix. : P

a Raceme, or racemose, when the flowers are borne on pedicels along a single
unbranched axis, also often called the rachis.

a Panicle, or paniculate, when the axis is divided into branches, each bearing
two or more flowers.

a Head or capitate, when several sessile or sub-sessile flowers are collected
into a compact, head-like cluster. The short, flat, or conical axis on
which the flowers of a head or capitulum are seated is called the recep-
tacle: a term also given to the torus or thalamium of a single flower.

an Umbel, or wmbellate, when several branches or pedicels spring from the
same (apparent) point, 7.e., from an azis reduced to a point. (It is
essentially the same as a raceme with the axis aborted ; or as a head,
with long-stalked flowers). An wmbel is said to be simple, when each of
its branches or rays supports a single flower ; compound, when each ray
supports a partial umbel, or wmbellule.

a Corymb or corymbose, when the branches or pedicels starting from several
sco on a short, but not aborted axis, all attain nearly the same level.

It is a flat-topped or fastigiate panicle or short raceme.
a Cyme or cymose inflorescence is a centrifugal panicle, and is frequently
. The terminal flower opens first. The lateral branches,
successively developed, are usually forked (dichotomous or trichotomous).
Sometimes after the first forking the branches are no longer divided, but
produce a succession of pedicels on the upper side, forming apparently
unilateral racemes ; but they differ from true racemes by the pedicels
springing, not from the axil of the bract, but from a point opposite its
insertion or above or below it. This variety, called a scorpiord-cyme, is,
found in Drosera, the Boraginee, and many other plants ; when young
the branches are frequently rolled back at the top like the tail of a scor-
pion, whence the name.

63. Bracts are generally placed singly under each branch of the inflorescence,
and under each pedicel ; bracteoles are usually two, one on each side, on the pedicel,
or close under the flower, or on the calyx itself: but bracts are also frequently —
scattered along the floral branches without axillary pedicels,

64. When several bracts are collected in a whorl, or are so close together as to
appear whorled, or are closely imbricated round the base of a head of flowers or an -
umbel, they are collectively called an Involucre. The bracts composing an invo-
lucre are variously termed, according to their appearance, leaves, leajlets, bracts, or
scales. Pale or chaff of the receptacle, are the inner scale-like bracts of compo-
sites, grasses, and some other plants, when of a thin, yet rigid substance, usually
narrow, and pale or translucent. (lumes are the bracts of sedges and grasses.

§ 8. The Flower.

65. A flower is a terminal bud, enclosing the organs of reproduction by seed. An
unopened flower is called a flower-bud, or alabastrus; and the period between the
oe of a —— — pg ei gio of withering is its anthesis,

- The parts of a flower or organs are— Ist, the perianth, consisting either
wey Pagar if in - — whorl ; or 4 calyx and corolla, if in a double whorl; _
2nd, amens, or organs ; the pistil, which contains the ovules, or

ns of the future seeds. : ; cae ich a

67. A complete flower is one in which the calyx, corolla, stamens, and pistil are
all present ; a perfect flower is one in which all organs, or such of them as are
present, are capable of performing their several functions. An incomplete flower is one
in which some of the floral organs are wanting ; and an imperfect flower one in which
some organs are 60 altered as to be incapable of performing their proper

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. ; ix

Imperfect organs are said to be abortive ; or rudimentary, if very much reduced in
size and almost obliterated.
68. A flower is
dichlamydeous, when the perianth is in two distinct whorls.
ydeous, when the perianth is in one whorl, or when calyx and
corolla are so consolidated as to appear in a single piece.
asepalous, when there is no calyx.
apetalous, when there is no corolla.
naked, when there is no perianth.
hermaphrodite, or bi-sexual, when both stamens and pistil are present and

perfect.
male or staminate, when stamens, but no pistil, or only an abortive one, are

moannehs

present.

female or pistillate, when there is a perfect pistil, but no stamens, or only
abortive ones, present.

neuter, when both stamens and pistils are imperfect or absent.

barren or sterile, when it produces no seed.

fertile, when it does produce seed.

69. The flowers of a plant or species are said collectively to be

wnisexual or diclinous, when the flowers are all either male or female.

monoecious, when the male and female flowers are distinct, but on the same
root.

dioecious, when the male and female flowers are on distinct roots.

polygamous, when male, female, and hermaphrodite flowers are variously
mixed on the same plant.

70. A head of flowers or capitulum is heterogamous, when male, female, and her-
maphrodite, and neuter flowers, or some of them, are included in it ; homogamous,
when all the flowers are of one kind and structure. A spike or head is androgynous,
herr male and female flowers are mixed in it. (See Composite, Aroidee, Cyperacee,

C. :

71. As the scales of buds are leaves undeveloped or reduced in size, shape, and

consistence, and bracts are leaves likewise reduced in size and occasionally altered
in colour ; so the parts of the flower are considered as leaves still further altered in
shape, colour, and arrangement round the axis, and often more or less combined
with each other. ;
_ 72, To understand the arrangement of the floral parts let us take a complete flower,
in which all the parts are free from each other ; definite in number, i.e., always the
Same in the same species ; and symmetrical or isomerous, i.€., when each whorl con-
sists of the same number of parts. The flower of Flax (Linum), of Crassula, or of
Oxalis, answers to this description : the two first consist of 4, the last-named of 5
whorls of altered leaves, placed immediately one within the other.

73. The Calyx forms the outer whorl. is parts are called sepals. —

74. The Corolla forms the next whorl. Its parts, called petals, usually alternate
with the sepals, i.e, the centre of each petal is immediately over the interval be-
tween two se le RO ee es

75. The Stamens form one or two whorls within the petals. If two, those of the
outer whorl (the outer-stamens) alternate with the and are consequently oppo-
site to the sepals ; those of the inner whorl (the enner-stamens) alternate with the
outer ones, and are consequently opposite the petals. If there is but one whorl of
stamens, théy most frequently alternate with the petals; sometimes (as in Rhamnee
and Primulacee) they are opposite the petals and alternate with the sepals. _

- 76. The Pistil forms the innermost whorl. Its parts, called carpels, usually (when
definite and isomerous) alternate with the inner row of stamens.

77. In an axillary or lateral flower the upper parts of each whorl (sepals, petals,
stamens, or pistil) are those that are next the main axis of the stem or branch ; the ©

parts those that are furthest from it ; the intermediate are said to be lateral.

78. The number of parts in each whorl of a flower is expressed adjectively by the
following numerals, derived from the Greek :

mono-, di-, tri-, tetra-, penta-, hexa-, hepta-, octo-, ennea-, deca-, &c., poly-,

lL, a8, 4, 5-, nv i-, 8-, 9 10-, many-,

prefixed to a termination indicating the whorl referred to.

= INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

79. Thus, a Flower is :

di-sepalous, tri-sepalous, &c., as there are 2, 3, &c., sepals.

di-petalous, tri-petalous, &c., as there are 2, 3, &c., petals.

di-androus, tri-androus, &c., as there are 2, 3, &c., stamens.

di-gynous, tri-gynous, &c., as there are 2, 3, &c., separate carpels. __

di-merous, tri-merous, &c., if symmetrical, according as there are 2, 3, &c.,

in each whorl.

80. Flowers are unsymmetrical or anisomerous, strictly speaking, when any one of
_ the whorls has a different number of parts from the others; but when the pistils
alone are reduced in number, the flower is still frequently called symmetrical, or
isomerous, if the’ calyx, corolla, and staminal whorls have all the same number of |

_ 81. Flowers are irregular when the parts of any one of the whorls are unequal in
size, dissimilar in shape, or do not spread regularly round the axis at equal dis-
tances. In descriptions, it is more especially irregularity of the corolla that is
referred to ; a slight inequality in other parts does not prevent the flower being
classed as regular, if corolla or perianth be regular.

§ 9. The Perianth, and Calyx or Corolla.

82. The Calyx or outer whorl of the perianth is usually green, smaller than the
corolla, and of coarser texture; sometimes very minute, rudimentary, or obsolete
altogether ; sometimes imperfectly whorled, or not whorled at all, or composed (as
in Cactus) of a large number of sepals, of which the outer ones pass gradually into

and the inner ones into petals.
_ 88. The Corolla or inner whorl of the perianth is usually coloured, larger than the
calyx, and of a more delicate texture, and in popular language is often called the
. Its petals, except in double-flowers, are rarely indefinite in number, and the
whorl more rarely broken than in the calyx. Sometimes the petals are very small,
rudimentary, reduced to scales (as in Thymelec) or absent altogether.

84, In very many cases the so-called simple-perianth is one in which the sepals
and petals are nearly similar in form and texture, and present apparently a single
whorl. The real nature of such a perianth may be detected by examining an un-
opened flower-bud, when one half of the parts will be found placed outed of the
others (as in Anthericum, Ornithogalum, Rumex, &c.), indicating an arrangement in
two whorls, or calyx and corolla. Hence different authors may describe the same
flower differently, either as having a single or a double perianth.

85. In the following terms the prefixes expressive of the modifications of the
corolla and its petals are equally applicable to the calyx and its sepals, or to the
perianth and its ts.

86. The Corolla is,

mono-petalous (sometimes called gamopetalous), when the petals are united or
soldered together, either entirely or at the base only, into a cup, tube,

or ring.
pelbetalons (or dialipetalous), when they are all separate or free from the
very base.

87. When the petals are partially united in a monopetalous corolla, the lower
consolidated portion of the corolla is called the tube, whatever be its shape, and the
free upper portions of the petals are called the teeth, lobes, or segments, according a8
they are short or long in proportion to the whole length of the corolla. é

88. The flat expanded portion of a petal, corresponding to the blade of the leaf, is
called its limb or lamina ; and the stalk, corresponding to the petiole, its claw, When
there is no claw, the petals are sessile.

_ 89. The estivation of a corolla is the arrangement of the petals, or their free por-
tions, in an unexpanded bud. It is valvate, when the edges of the petals touch, but
do not over-lap ; imbricate, when the edges over-lap each other, at least near the
top ; twisted, contorted, or convolute, when each petal obliquely overlaps the adjoining
one on one side, and is overlapped by the adjoining one on the other side. In
valvate wstivation, if the edges are much inflexed, eestivation is said to be in-
duplicate ; involute, if the margins are inrolled ; and reduplicate, if the margins pro-
ject outwards into salient angles ; plicate, when folded together in plaits ; crumple
when puckered irregularly, as in the petals of a poppy. .

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. Xi

90. In general shape the Corolla is
tubular, when the whole or the greater part forms a tube or a cylinder.
companulate, when approaching in some measure the shape of a cup or bell.
urceolate, when the tube is swollen, but contracted at the top, and slightly
expanded again into a narrow rim, as in many Heaths. —
rotate or stellate, when the petals or lobes are spread out horizontally from
the base, or nearly so, like the rays of a wheel or star.
hypocrateriform or salver-shaped, when the lower part is cylindrical, and the
upper portion expanded horizontally. In this case the term tube is re-
stricted to the cylindrical part, and the horizontal portion is called the
limb, whether it be divided to the base or not.
infundibuliform or funnel-shaped, when the tube is cylindrical below, but
gradually enlarged upwards into a sub-campanulate limb, of which the
lobes either stand erect or spread horizontally.
Fain upper orifice of the tube of a monopetalous corolla is often called its mouth or
throat,

Irregular corollas have received various names ; some of the most important are,
bilabiate or two-lipped corolla, when in a four or five-lobed corolla (or calyx)
the two or three upper lobes stand obviously apart, like an upper lip,
_ from the two or three lower lobes, that form an under-lip.
personate, when two-lipped, and the orifice of the tube closed by a projection
from the base of the upper or lower lip, called a palate ; as in Snapdragon,
Nemesia, &e,
ringent, when strongly two-lipped and the orifice of the tube very open.
spurred, when the tube, or the lower part of the petal has a conical, hollow
projection, compared to the spur of a cock ; saccate, when the spur is short
and round, like a little bag ; gidbous, when swollen or enlarged atone side.
resupinate, or reversed, when the under-lip is turned up, or appears so.
The above terms are mostly applied to monopetalous corollas. Terms applied to
certain forms of corolla distinctive of certain natural orders will be explained under

the respective orders,
§ 10. The Stamens.

91. The stamens or fertilizing organs of a flower, though in a theoretical point of
view regarded as metamorphosed leaves, are yet, except in a few cases of petal-like
stamens, very different in shape and aspect from leaves, sepals or petals. :

92. Usually a stamen consists of a stalk or filament, bearing at the summit an
anther, divided into two pouches or cells. These anther-cells are filled with pollen,
commonly existing as minute grains, forming a yellow dust, which on the expansion
of the flower is scattered abroad from an opening in each cell, called a slit or pore.
The part of the anther which connects the two cells is called the connective ; it 1s
sometimes a mere line, but often variously expanded, causing the cells to separate

more or less. ait ase ‘.

94, In gs deue cal flowers the stamens of each whorl are sometimes reduced
in number below that of the petals, even to a single one, and in several Natural

95, Stamens are— ; :
monadelphous, when united by their filaments into one company or cluster.

This cluster ee es pistil, or if the pistil
be wanting, occupies the centre o: ower. ;

Sicha aida aigler tate two clusters. In many Leguminose 9 sta-
mens are united by their filaments into a tube, slit on the upper side,
and a tenth, placed in the slit, is free. In Fumariacee there are two
equal groups, each consisting of 3 (or rather }, 1, 4) stamens.

xii INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

' Stamens are
triadelphous, pentadelphous, polyadelphous, when so united into 3, §, or several
clusters. '
syngenesious, when united by their anthers in a ring round the pistil, the fila-
ments usually remaining free ; as in the Composite.
didynamous, when (as in a bilabiate flower) there are four stamens in two
pairs, those of one pair longer than those of the other.
tetradynamous, when (in Crucifere) there are six, four of them longer than
the others.
. 96. An Anther is, :
‘ adnate, when continuous with the filament, the anther-cells appearing to lie
their whole length along the upper part of the filament.
versatile, when attached near their middle to the extreme point of the fila-
ment, so as to swing loosely. .
innate, when firmly attached by their base to the apex of the filament. This
is a modification of adnate. :
97. Anther-cells may be parallel ; or diverging at a less or a greater angle; or
divaricate, when placed end to end, so as to form a nearly straight line. The end of G
each anther-cell placed nearest to the other cell is generally called its apex or sum- —
mit, and the other end its base ; but by some authors the sense of these terms 18 —
reversed. :
98, Anthers have often on their connective, or on their cells, appendages termed
bristles (sete), ee points, glands, &c.: according to their appearance. (See

99. Anthers have occasionally only one cell ; this may take place either by the
disappearance of the between two very closely-placed cells, which thus
become confluent ; or by the abortion or total deficiency of one cell, when the anther
is said to be dimidiate or halved.

100. Anthers at maturity will open or dehisce, to let out the pollen, either by valves,
pores, or slits. The dehiscence is said to be introrse when the slit or opening faces the

istil; extrorse, when the opening is towards the circumference of the flower. 4

101. Very peculiar structures of the anther and pollen will be described under the —

orders Asclepiadee and Orchidee. =

§ 11. The Pistil.

102. The pistil or female system always occupies the centre of the flower and ter-
minates the growing axis. It consists of one or more carpels, containing the germs —
of one or more seeds. The pistil is usually sessile ; if stalked, its stalk is called a
podocarp (but this must not be confounded with the gynobasis or gynophore (127).

103. A complete pistil consists of three parts :—

1, the ovary or enlarged base, which includes a cavity or cell (loculus), con- —
st Bo or more ovules (117) which are the earliest condition of the —
uture 8. :

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. Xill

106. The number of carpels or ovaries in a flower is frequently reduced below
that of the parts of the other floral whorls, even in flowers otherwise symmetrical.
In a comparatively small number of genera the carpels are more numerous than the
petals, or indefinite; in these cases they are either arranged in a single whorl, or
form a head or spike in the centre of the flower, as in the buttercup and anemone.

107. The terms monogynous, digynous, &c., polygynous (1, 2, or many ovaries) are
vaguely used, applying sometimes to the whole pistil, sometimes to the carpels
alone, and sometimes to the styles or stigmas. When a more precise nomenclature
is used, the flower is monocarpellary, when the pistil consists of a single, simple car-
pel ; br, tri-, &c., or poly-carpellary, when the pistil consists of 2, 3, or many car-
pels, whether separate or united.

108. A pistil is syncarpous when the carpels are united into one compound ovary ;
apocarpous, when the carpels are free or separate.

109. A compound ovary is,

unilocular or one-celled, when there are no partitions between the ovules, or
when the partitions do not meet, so as to divide the cavity into several
chambers. _

plurilocular or several-celled, when completely divided into two or more cells
by partitions called dissepiments (septa). These dissepiments are usually
vertical, radiating from the centre or axis of the ovary to its circum-
ference.

bi- tri- quadri, &e. or multi-locular, according to the number of the cells or
loculi, 2, 3, 4, or many.

110. In general the number of cells or dissepiments, complete or partial, or of
rows of ovules, corresponds with that of the carpels, of which the ovary is com-
posed. But sometimes each carpel is divided completely or partially into two cells,
or has two rows of ovules, so that the number of carpels appears double what it
really is. Sometimes, again, the carpels are so completely combined as to form a
: single cell, with a single ovule, although it really consists of several carpels ; but in
these cases the ovary is generally described as it appears, as well as such as it is

theoretically supposed to be.

111. In apocarpous ovaries the styles are usually free, each bearing its own
stigma ; very rarely (as in Asclepiadee) the larger portion of the styles or the stigmas
alone are united, while the carpels remain separate.

112. Syncarpous flowers are said to have

several styles, when the styles are free from the base.
one style, with several branches, when the styles are connected at the base, but
separate below the point where the stigmas or stigmatic surfaces com-
mence.
one simple style, with several stigmas, when united up to the point where the
igmas or stigmatic surfaces commence, and then separating. —__
one simple style, with branched, lobed, toothed, notched, or entire stigma (a8 the
we ~ ease may be) when the stigmas also are more or less united or sub-
| vabsiy ber of styles, or of Viciaicielsal Spl Ue'nAlgmen is the

118. In general the number of styles, or of branches of the style or stigmas, |
came as that of the carpels, but sometimes that number is doubled, especially in the
x stigmas, and sometimes the stigmas are much sub-divided or penicillate, that is,
q divided into a tuft of hair-like branches, as in some species of Drosera. ,

‘ 114. An entire stigma is said to be punctiform when it appears like the mere point
of the style ; capitate, when globular, like the head of a pin. :

115. The placenta’is the part of the inside of the ovary to which ovules are at-
tached, sometimes a mere point or line on the inner surface, often more or less
thickened or raised. Placentation therefore is the indication of the part of the ovary
to which ovules are attached.

116. lacentas , :

es Bick er ttin cha ores are attached to the axis or centre, that is, in pluri-
locular ovaries, when they are attached to the inner angle of the cell ;
in uni-locular simple ovaries (which have almost always an excentrical
style or stigma) when the ovules are attached to that side of the ovary
nearest to the style; in uni-locular compound ovaries, when the ovules
are attached to a central axis, cushion, or column, rising up from the

*

xiv INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. — S

base of the cavity, and either free at the top (free-central-placenta), or —
attached also to the summit of the cavity. oa |
parietal, when the ovules are attached to the inner surface or walls of the
cavity of a one-celled compound ovary. Parietal placente are usually
slightly thickened or raised lines ; sometimes broad surfaces nearly cover- —
ing the inner surface of the cavity ; sometimes projecting far into the —
cavity and constituting partial dissepiments, and even meeting in the —
centre but without cohering there. In the latter case the distinction —
between the one-celled and several-celled ovary sometimes almost dis-
appears. |
§ 12. The Ovule. 2

117. The ovule is a minute body borne by the placenta (115) and destined, after —
fertilization, to become the seed. At first it is merely a cellular excrescence, but asit
enlarges it acquires a definite form and structure, and when fully grown consists of
a central mass or nucleus, inclosed in one or two bag-like coats, the outer called pri-
mine, the inner secundine. The nucleus is the essential part; in it the embryo is —
formed after fertilization. The coats afterwards become the integuments of the seed.

118. The chalaza is that point at which the base of the nucleus is confluent with
the coats of the ovule, and is generally discoloured in the seed. The foramen is the
common aperture of the coats, opposite the apex of the enclosed nucleus, and through
which the pollen is admitted in fertilization : in the seed it is called the micropyle. —

119. Ovules are said to be Ke :~ pe econ og ak Ga
pasa 8 or straight (or atropous), when the chalaza or organic coin-
cides with the West base of the ovule, and the foramen is situated
at the opposite extremity, the ovule having a rectilinear axis : as in the
Nettle, Dock, Fig, &c. :
campylotropous or incurved, when, the base remaining the same, the axis is
curved down and the foramen directed toward the base: as in the Caryo-
phyllee and many leguminous plants. ‘:
anatropous or inverted, when the chalaza, in an ovule with rectilinear axis, is_
- removed to the point most distant from the hilum, and the foramen
brought close to the hilum. It is like an orthotropous ovule reversed on
its cord ; the cord adhering to one side of the ovule and becoming more
or less incorporated with its coats. Such an adhering cord, appearing
either like a line or a ridge, is called the raphe: it connects the hilum
with the chalaza. Anatropous ovules are much the commonest; good
examples of distinctly marked raphe and chalaza may be found in the
Orange and the Pansy.
amphitrcpous or half-inverted, when the raphe extends but half the length of
the ovule, and the chalaza and foramen, at opposite ends, are about equi-
distant from the hilum: as in the Mallow-tribe, the Primrose, &c.

$13. The Receptacle and relative attachment of the Floral Whorls.

120. The Receptacle or torus is the extremity of the peduncle (above the calyx)
upon which the corolla, stamens, and ovary, are inserted. It is sometimes little more
than a mere point, but it is often more or less lengthened, thickened, or otherwise
enlarged. term receptacle is also extended to the summit of a branch or inflo-
rescence, On which the flowers of a head are inserted, as in the Composite.]

121. A disk or disc is a circular enlargement of the receptacle, usually cup-shaped, —
flat, or cushion-shaped (pulvinate), and often of a waxy or fleshy appearance. It is_
situated either immediately at the base of the ovary within the stamens, or between —
pay ace and stamens, or bearing the petals or stamens or both at itsedge, or quite

iP extremity of the receptacle, with the ovaries arranged in a ring round it or
under it. : #

122. The disk may be entire, toothed, lobed, or divided into a number of parts,
usually as many or twice as many as the stamens or carpels. When the parts of
divided disk are separate and short they are often called g — :

123, Nectaries are either the disk, or small deformed petals, or abortive stamens,
or appendages at the base of the petals, or stamens, or any small bodies within the

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. xy:

—o which do not look like petals, stamens, or carpels. The term nectary is nearly
obsolete.

124, When the disc bears the petals and stamens on its rim it is frequently adhe-
rent to and confluent with the tube of the calyx ; or it is adherent to the outside of
the ovary ; or adherent both to calyx tube and ovary. Hence arise the three fol-
lowing important distinctions in the relative insertion of the floral whorls.

Petals and stamens, or, as in common language, flowers, are

hypogynous (i.e., under the ovary), when they or the disc that bears them are
entirely free or separate from both calyx and ovary.” The ovary in this
case is said to be free or superior ; the calyx free or inferior ; the petals
as being inserted on the receptacle.

perigynous (t.e., round about the o , when the disc bearing the petals is
quite free from the ovary, oak in or less combined with the calyx
tube. The ovary is then still described as free or superior, even though
the combined disc and calyx tube may form a deep cup with the ovary
lying in the bottom ; the calyx is said to be free or inferior ; the petals
meneh (Coon See vagy elon Aas the bined

epigynous (%.€., ovary), when the di: i is combi
cil with the bas GF the Calyx ibskhel the outs ot Sea) precoder ommerene
closing over the ovary so as only to leave a passage for the style, or
leaving more or less of the top of the ovary free, but always adhering to
it above the level of the insertion of the lowest ovule (except’ in a few
cases when the ovules are suspended from the apex of the cell). In epi-
gynous flowers the ovary is described as adherent or inferior ; the calyx
as adherent or superior ; the petals as inserted on or above the ovary.

125. When there are no petals, the insertion of the stamens determines the dif-
ference between hypogynous, perigynous, and epigynous flowers.

126. ne both oes el stamens are present, pe i

in hypogynous flowers the petals and stamens are usually separate, but some-
times they are confluent at base. In that case, if the 3 are distinct
from each other, and the stamens are monadelphous, the petals are often
said to be inserted on, or combined with the staminal tube ; if the corolla
is gamopetalous and the stamens distinct from each other, the latter are
said to be inserted on the tube of the corolla.
in perigynous flowers the stamens are usually inserted immediately within the
petals, or alternating with them on the edge of the disc, or even on the
unenlarged part of the receptacle. sofas.
in epigynous flowers, when the petals are distinct, the stamens are usually in-
serted as in perigynous flowers ; when the corolla is gamopetalous, the
stamens are often combined at the base with = aed of the corolla, or,
as it is more frequently expressed, inserted on lennpt nr ee —
127. When the ena is So elongated below the ovary it is often called
a gynobasis, gynophore, or stalk of the ovary. Bee Soe is
128. An epigynous-disc is a name given either to the thickened summit of the
ovary in epigynous flowers, or very rarely to a real disc or e _
tacle closing over the ovary. _ eo
129. In the relative positi

to be adherent to the other, but the latter term is often used to e
a closer union than mere cohzrence. [Some authors restrict cohesion to
the connation or confluence of of the same whorl ; and adhesion
to the connation or confluence of parts of different whorls.] :
‘connate, when so closely united that they cannot be separated without lacera-
tion. Each of the two connate parts, and especially that one which is
considered the smaller or of the least importance, is said to be adnate to
when neither coherent nor connate. a Dee
Han Bi is also used in the same sense, but is likewise applied to parts dis-
~ tinetly visible, or distinctly limited, ~

XV1 INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

§ 14. The Fruit.

130. The Fruit consists of the ovary and whatever other parts of the flower per-
sist at the time the seed is ripe, usually enlarged and altered in shape and consist-
ence. It encloses or covers the seed or seeds till the period of maturity, when i
either opens for the seed to escape, or falls to the ground with the seed.

131. Fruits are often said to ‘be simple, when formed in a single flower ; com-
pound (or more properly collective), when they proceed from several flowers closely
packed or combined-in a head. In descriptive botany a fruit is always supposed to
result from a single flower, unless the contrary be stated. In compound fruits (the
fruits of several flowers) the’ involucre or bracts often persist and form part of the
fruit, but very seldom so in simple fruits. :

132. The pericarp is the portion of the fruit formed of the ovary and whatever
adheres to it exclusive of and outside of the seed or seeds, exclusive also of the per-
sistent receptacle, or of whatever portion of the calyx persists round the ovary with-
out adhering to it.

133. Fruits may be divided into succulent (including fleshy, pulpy, and juicy) and
dry. They are dehiscent when they open at maturity to let out the seeds ; indehiscent,
when they do not open spontaneously, but fall off with the seeds. Succulent fruits
are almost always indehiscent.

134. The principal succulent fruits are,

the berry, in which the whole substance of the pericarp is fleshy or pulpy
with the exception of the outer skin or rind, called the ecarp.
seeds are usually immersed in the pulp. _ zs :

the drupe or stone-fruit, in which the pericarp when ripe consists of two dis- _
tinct portions, an outer succulent one called the sarcocarp (covered by a
skin or epicarp) and an inner dry endocarp, called the putamen or stone

135. The principal dry fruits are,

the or akene, including all one-seeded, dry and hard, indehiscent, seed-
like small fruits, popularly called ‘‘naked seeds.” Such fruits may arise
from free one-seeded carpels (as in the Buttercup) ; or from adherent or
inferior carpels (as in the Composite). i
the witricle, similar to the akene, but with a thin and loose membranous peri-—

the ak a hard, one-celled, one-seeded fruit like an akene, but larger, and
usually resulting from a plurilocular ovary, all of whose cells and ovules, —
save one, become obliterated in the ripe fruit; as in the hazel nut,
acorn, &c.

the samara or key-fruit, a nut or akene, having a broad wing at apex or —
margin : as in the ash. ;

All the above are indehiscent.

The principal dehiscent dry fruits are,

the follicle, a pod formed of a single free carpel, dehiscent along its ven

or seed-bearing suture only ; as in the Larkspur, the Asclepiadee, &e.

the capsule, a pod or dehiscent fruit of any compound pistil, whether formed
from an inferior or a superior ovary. The pyzxis or pyxidium is onl

a which opens by a circular, horizontal, nearly medial line, cu’

its off the upper half like a lid. :

136. Peculiar names given to the fruit or parts of the fruit in Crucifere, Legu
nose, Rosacece, Cucurbitacee, Umbellifere, and some other large Orders, will be
plained under those Orders,

137. The dehiscence of a capsule is said to be septicidal, when the carpels
rate at the line of junction; in this case the placente are either marginal, oF
attached to the more or less inflexed margins, constituting the dissepiments.
dehiscence is locucidal, when the margins of the carpels remain joined, while the
dorsal sutures split open ; in this case the placente or dissepiments will be borne in
the middle of the valve, Septifragal-dehiscence, in which the valves fall away, leav-

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. XVil

§ 15. The Seed. -

_ 138. A seed is the fertilised ovule arrived at maturity. It is almost always, except
in Conifers, enclosed in the pericarp. It contains, when ripe, an embryo or young
plant, either filling or nearly filling the cavity, but not attached to the outer shell
or skin of the seed ; or immersed in, or lying close to, a mealy, horny, oily, or fleshy
substance, called the albwmen or perisperm. The presence or absence of this albumen,
that is, the distinction between albuminous and exalbuminous seeds, is one of great
importance. The embryo or albumen can often only be found or distinguished
when the seed is quite ripe, or sometimes only when it begins to germinate.

139. The shell of the seed consists usually of two separable coats. The outer coat,
called ¢esta, is usually the principal one, and in most cases the only one attended to
in descriptions. It*may be hard and crustaceous, or thin and membranous, dry, or
rarely succulent. It is sometimes expanded into wings, or bears a tuft of hair, cotton
or wool, called a coma. The inner coat is called tegmen.

140. The fumicle (115) or stalk by which a seed is attached to the placenta, is occa-
sionally enlarged into a, membranous, pulpy, or fleshy appendage. which sometimes
almost closes over the seed; this is called an aril. A strophiole or caruncle is a
similar appendage, originating in the testa, Seeds having an aril are said to be

arillate. .

141. The hilum (115) is the scar left on the seed when it separates from the funi-

ian The micropyle (118) is the mark indicating the position of the foramen of the
ovule,
142. The Embryo consists of the radicle or root-stem; one or two cotyledons or
primary leaves (seed-leaves); and the plumule, or first leaf-bud of the young plant.
In many seeds, especially when there is no albumen, these several parts are very
conspicuous ; in others they are difficult to distinguish ; and in some cases the em-
bryo cannot be found until the seed begins to germinate.

143. The micropyle (141) always indicates the position of the extremity of the
radicle, whose direction, either as respects the fruit or the seed, it is often important
to notice. The Space is said to be e vee

superior, if pointing towards the summit e fruit.
inferior, if pointing towards the base of the fruit.

§ 16. Accessory Organs.

146. Thorns and Prickles.
with the woody system of a plant. A p
from the epidermis or outer skin ; it is not connected with the woody system, and

147. Hairs, in the general sense, or the indument (or clothing) of a plant include
all those processes from the epidermis which have been called bristles, hairs, down,
eotton, or wool.
The epidermis or surface is said to be
smooth or even vont when seri any es omer whatever.
glabrous, when without any hairs of any kind. ee ig
striate, when marked with rallel re either slightly raised or merely =

coloured. are aoe
furrowed or ribbed, when the parallel lines are more distinctly raised. ;

Xvi INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

The epidermis or surface is said to be ~ “Nag
viscous, viscid, or glutinous, when covered with a sticky or clammy exuda-_
tion.
tuberculate or warted, when covered with minute, blunt, wart-like promi-
nences.
muricate, when covered with short, hard, sharp prominences.
echinate, when the prominences are longer and sharper, almost prickly.
setose or bristly, when bearing stiff, straight hairs.
glandular-setose, when the sete or bristles are tipped with a minute, glandular
head or drop. Dees
glochidiate, when the setz are hooked at the point.
pilose, when the surface is thinly sprinkled with rather lopg, simple hairs.
hispid, when more thickly covered with rather stiff hairs.
hirsute, when the hairs are dense and not so stiff.
downy or pubescent, when the hairs are short and soft ; puberulent, when very —
short or minute ; velvetty or velutinous, when very dense, like the pile —
of velvet. ’ :
strigose, when short, stiff hairs lie close-pressed to the surface, and all in one —
direction ; strigillose, when such hairs are very short or small,
tomentose or cottony, when the hairs are soft, short, dense, somewhat inter-
woven, and usually white or whitish.
woolly, when the hairs are loosely intricate and long, like wool.
mealy or farinose, when the hairs are very minute, intricate, and white, and
canescent, canous, or hoary, when the hairs are minute, close-pressed, and
white, and not readily to be distinguished separately by the eye, but
giving a general whitish hue to the epidermis. "
glaucous, when of a pale blueish- , often covered with a bloom, like that —
on a plum or cabbage leaf. 2
148. Hairs are often branched. If forked from the base, thé forks eppatin. a
opposite directions the hairs are said to be attached by the centre. If several branche
radiate horizontally, the hairs are stellate or star-like. Stellate hairs become stellate —
scales when the rays are confluent at base ; and the surface is said to be scaly or —

lepidote.

_ of a cellular or somewhat fleshy consistence, occasionally secreting @

3

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. xix

II. Anatomy anp Puystonocy.
os

[Abridged from the writings of Professor Lindley and Professor Asa Gray.]

150. Vegetable Anatomy, or the study of the microscopical structure of the com-
pound organs of plants, and Vegetable Physiology, or the study of the functions which
each organ performs during life, are distinct and extensive branches of botany, with
which ae merely mes tic or ps seg Sor nrg who uses a Flora for the pur-
pose of ascertaining names 0} ts. not necessarily much concern. In
this outline, therefore, we shall touch on these cognate sciences very briefly. ‘i

§ 1. The elementary Organs.

151. If a very thin slice of a plant (say, of a succulent leaf or fruit) be magnified,
it will be found to be made up of variously and arranged ultimate parts or
elementary organs, forming a sort of honey-combed structure. These ultimate parts
are called cells. _ .

152. A cell, in its simplest state, is a closed membranous sac, formed of a sub-
stance permeable by fluids, though usually destitute of visible pores. When cells
are combined, the mass is called a tissue ; but each cell is a distinct individual, sepa-
rately formed and separately acting, though cohering with the cells with which it is
in contact, and partaking of the common life and action of the tissue of which it
forms a part. The membranes separating the cells are called their walls.

153. Botanists usually distinguish the following tissues,

(a) cellular-tisswe, called also pulp and parenchyma, consists of roundish, ob-
long, cylindrical, hexagonal, or stellate thin-walled cells, and is found in
every plant. All the soft parts of leaves, the pith of stems, the pulp of
fruits, and all young growing parts are formed of cellular-tissue ; and
very many cryptogamic plants possess no other tissue. In it also are
centered the most active functions of the living vegetable. It is the
first tissue formed, and continues to be formed while growth continues,

G and when it ceases to be active, the pales ee a

b) woody-tissue, or pleurenchyma, consists of long, tapering t
: each end, of a thicker, stronger, and much tougher substance than cel- _
lular-tissue, but otherwise similarly e

through the tissues of the plant. Ducts are tubes usually of much
greater diameter and length than the spiral vessel, containing a spiral
fibre incapable of being unrolled, and often broken into imperfectly rs
bars, or rings, or dots, or disposed like the rungs of a ladder. ey
occur chiefly in the wood; are abundant in the wood of ferns; but _
absent from the wood of Conifers; their functions are not clearly ascer- —

tained

laticiferous-tissue, or cinenchyma, consists of uninterrupted, anastomosing,
thick-walled tubes, which contain a peculiar fiuid called the latex, usually
turbid ; often coloured red, white, or yellow, but often colourless, The
use of this tissue is unknown. eo ea ac wees

xX INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

154. Various modifications of cellular, woody, and vascular tissues are distin-
guished by vegetable anatomists, but need not be here enumerated. Other false-
elemen organs, such as air-vessels, cysts, turpentine-rgssels, oil-reservoirs, &c., are
all either intercellular cavities, or large cells filled with peculiar secretions.

155. A young and vitally active cell consists of the following parts : 1, the outer
wall, a permeable, transparent membrane, formed of a chemical substance called
cellulose; 2, a mucilaginous film lining the wall, and called “the primordial utricle,”
8, the nucleus, or centre of cell-function or life, a soft, sub-gelatinous body occupying
ing the middle of the cell, or excentrical ; and 4, a viscid fluid, called protoplasm,
filling the space between the nucleus and the primordial utricle. As the cell in-
creases in size, its contents change ; and finally, when it has attained its proper di-
mensions, the wall formed of cellulose alone remains as a persistent fabric, the
nucleus is absorbed or dried up, and the protoplasm passes out into younger cells. —

156. The principal organized contents of cells are :

(a) sap, the first product of the digestion of the inorganic food of plants : it
contains the elements of vegetable growth in a dissolved condition.

(4) sugar, of which there are two kinds, cane-sugar and grape-sugar, usually
exists dissolved in the sap. It is found abundantly in growing parts, in
fruits, and in germinating seeds.

(c) dextrine, or vegetable mucilage, a gummy substance intermediate between
sugar and starch.

vary in size and shape, and are marked with more or less conspicuous
concentric lines of growth. The chemical constitution of starch is the
~ same as that of cellulose ; it is unaffected by cold water, but forms a
jelly with boiling water, and turns blue when tested by iodine; when

fully dissolved it is no longer starch, but dextrine,
(e) —— a substance intermediate between starch, dextrine, and cellu-

ff) chlorophyll, the green matter of plants, is of a resinous nature, and con-
tains nitrogen. It is formed only under the action of sunlight, and is
a most abundant in the layers of cells immediately below the sur-

(g) chromue, a name given to a similar colouring matter when not green.

(A) wax, oils, camphor, and resinous matters are common in : also
various mineral substances, either in an amorphous state, or as micro-
scopic crystals, when they are called raphides. These last are peculiarly
abundant in the tissues of the Cacti and rhubarb. a

§ 2. The epidermis and its processes.

157. The Epidermis or outer skin of plants is formed of one or more layers of
vertically flattened, firmly coherent, and usually empty cells, with thin and transpa-
rent, or with thick and opaque walls. It covers all parts exposed to the air, except
the stigma and glands ; but is absent in parts submerged under water. It serves to

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. XXi

§ 3. The Root.

160. Anatomically the root differs from the stem in wanting normally developed
leaf-buds (29), stomates (158), and in Exogens, a distinct pith. It increases in
length by constant small additions to its extremity, and thus is enabled to force its
way through the soil, and to diverge when rocks or obstacles oppose its progress.

161. The functions of the root are to fix plants in or to the soil or other substance
on which the plant grows, to absorb nourishment either from the soil, or in the case
of aerial roots, from the air, and to transmit it rapidly to the stem. Absorbtion
takes place through the younger fibres or the extremities of the root-branches, and
through hairs which are formed on all young roots, when growing vigorously. The
nutriment thus absorbed consists chiefly of carbonic acid and nitrogen, or nitroge-
nous compounds, dissolved in water.

162. Parasites are plants whose roots bury themselves in the cellular structure of
other plants, and subsist on nourishment sucked out of the plant which they attack.
Epiphytes are those whose roots attach themselves to other plants without penetra-
ting into their cellular tissue.

§ 4. The Stem. _

163. Anatomically the stem consists of a cellular and a fibro-vascular system.
The cellular system developes both vertically, as stems increase in length, and hori-
zontally, as they increase in diameter. The fibro-vascular system is gradually intro-
duced vertically, and serves to bind together and strengthen the cellular. It may
be compared to the bony-skeleton, the cellular to the flesh.

164. The stems of flowering plants are formed on one or other of the two follow-
ae
= Zt Exogenous structure, in which the woody system is deposited in annual

concentric layers between a central pith and an exterior separable bark.
Plants having this structure of stem are Exogens.

the Endogenaus structure, in which the woody system is deposited, not in con-
centric rings, but in separate, small bundles or threads of woody-fibre,
running through the cellular system without apparent order. In such
stems there is no distinct pith, nor separable bark. Plants having this
structure of stem are called Endogens.

165. The stems of the lower cryptogamia consist wholly of cellular-tissue ; those
of ferns have an imperfect fibro-vascular system derived from the bases of old petioles.

166. Tar am @eapenodie shean a aee-layticGr riage weed aunacelly ened waleall :
the outermost preceding layer and the inner surface of the bark. In an endogenous,
the new wood bundles are mingled with the old, or deposited toward the centre of
the stem, from which they are gradually pressed out toward the circumfe as
new wood continues to be deposited within them. In an Exogen therefore the oldest,
hardest, and most compact wood is found toward the centre of the stem ; in an En-
dogen towards the aeremntere P igor Fi wei naar? Sea

167. Anatomists distinguish the follow l sf Fae sine growing rica “gars

siste of cellular tissue, occupying the centre or longitudinal axis of the

®) the medullary-sheath, which surrounds and encases the pith, abounds in
vessels (153, c), and is in direct connection, through its ramifica-
tions, with the leaf-buds, and the veins and nerves of leaves.

{c) the wood, which lies directly on the medullary-sheath, is formed of woody-
tissue (1538, b), through which, in most cases, ducts (153, ¢), variously
disposed, are in A new circle of wood is annually formed, on
the outside of the circle of the previous year ; the age of a stem therefore
may be ascertained, in a large number of cases, by counting the num-~
bers of its rings of wood: in some cases of tropical trees and ever-green
trees of temperate climates, several rings of wood are formed in a year.
The older and denser, comparatively sapless wood, is called heart-wood

or duramen, and is often coloured ; the younger, living and incompletely
formed is the sapwood or alburnum, and is usually white. as

XX INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

Anatomists distinguish, &c.

(d) the medullary-rays, which originate in the pith, traverse the wood, and ter-
minate in the bark, and are formed of cellular-tissue : they occur as vertical
plates, radiating from a centre, and keep up a communication between

- the living portion of the interior of the stem, and its outer surface. As —
the heart-wood is formed, the inner portions of the medullary-rays die.
In wood they are what carpenters call the silver-grain. :

(e) the bark, which lies outside the wood, and forms the outer layer of the —
stem, It is coated by the epidermis (157), and like the wood, consists
of concentric layers ; namely, the corky-layer, or dry, outer bark, formed
of hard, compressed cells; the cellular or green or middle-bark, formed
of loose, thin-walled, pulpy cells, containing chlorophyll (156, f) ; and
the liber or inner bark, formed of long, tough, woody tissue, called bast-—
cells, The liber, like the wood, is annually deposited ; the green layer —
is a product of the first year only, being soon choked by the corky en- —
velope.

168. The mineral food of plants, absorbed by the roots, passes upwards through
the younger wood of the stem, mixing with previously organized matter, but not —
being essentially altered ; in this state it is called sap or crude-sap. The crude sap,
as it ascends through the stem, is attracted into the leaves, where it is exposed to —
the direct action of sunlight, under which influence alone can assimilation take place. —
As assimilated or elaborated-sap, it is returned into the stem, and either used up in
nial part of the stem or root, or in any other part of the plant where matter is

— s § 5. The Leaf.
169. Anatomically the leaf consists of a central fibro-vascular system or woody —
skeleton, derived from the woody system and medullary sheath of the stem ; a cel-
wae es surrounding the fibro-vascular, and interwoven with it, and derived —
from the middle bark ; and an outer-skin or epidermis, pierced by stomates.
. 170. The fibro-vascular system is arranged on two principal types :
(a) the exogenous, in which the nerves and veins branch irregularly and
usually anastomose into a sort of network.
(b) the endogenous, in which the principal nerves usually extend unbranched —
from the base to the apex, and are connected by cross-bars or unbranched —
veins. . “
The first of these types is generally characteristic of Exogens, the latter of Hndo-
gens ; but there are various intermediate conditions, and some Endogens have been —
called Dictyogens, because they have netted-veined leaves ; several Exogens also —
have straight-veined leaves. tee
171. Leaves usually extend horizontally, and have usually an wpper and an under
surface, differing in anatomical structure. In the cellular stratum of the upper sur-
face the cells are closely set and placed vertically, with their smallest ends next the
surface ; in the lower stratum the cells are more or less horizontal, more loosely

\ 172. Leaves are functionally the most active of the vegetable organs. In them

, ; ‘es
ag

lowing results;

which he may decompose am:
in nature except in the :

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. XXiil

174. The oxygen liberated by plants during the process of assimilation passes, by
the leaves, into the air ; and as assimilation is constantly going on during sunlight,
the amount of oxygen thus poured into the air by plants is enormous, and indeed,
so far as we know, vegetation is the only great operation in nature which gives to
the air that free oxygen gas which is indispensable to animal life.

In. CLASSIFICATION.

175. It has been already said (2) that descriptions of plants should be arranged,
as nearly as possible, under natural divisions, so as to facilitate the comparison of
each plant with those most nearly allied to it.. The descriptions here alluded to are
descriptions. of species ; the natural divisions of the Flora refer to natural groups of

species, ;

176. A species comprises all the individual plants which resemble each other suf-
ficiently to make us conclude that they may all have descended from a common
parent stock, These individuals may often differ from each other in striking parti-
culars, such as colour of flower, size of leaf, &c.; but such differences, observation
teaches us, may occur in seedlings raised from one individual.

177. When a cered of sc era a species differ from the majority in any

iking particular, they constitute a Variety. If the variety generally comes true
from seed, it is often called a-race,

178. A variety can be propagated with certainty only by grafts, cuttings, bulbs, or
tubers, or other method which produces a new plant by the growth of buds taken
from the old one. A race may very frequently, but not with certainty, be propagated
by seed.

179. The known species of plants (now nearly 100,000) are far too numerous to
be studied without classification. To facilitate their study, an admirable system,
invented by Linnzus, has been universally adopted, viz. : one common, substantive
name is given to a number of species which resemble each other more than they do
any other species ; the species so brought together are collectively called a Genus,
and the common name is the generic name. Each species is further distingui
from the others of the same genus by the addition of an adjective epithet, or specific
name. Every species has thus a botanical name of two words. Latin, the lan-
guage usually used for the purpose, the first word isa substantive usually of Greek
origin and Latinized, and designates the genus ; the second, usually a Latin adjec-
tive, indicates the species,

180. The genera thus formed being very numerous, they have been grouped toge-
ther on similar principles—associating those which resemble each other most nearly—
into Families or Natural Orders, to each of which a name has been given. This is,
however, for the purpose of study or comparison. In speaking of a species it is only
necessary to give the generic and specific names. The name of a Natural Order or
Family, in Latin, is an adjective plural, usually formed from the name of some one
fewae genus, generally the best known, the first discovered, or the most marked.
Thus Ranwnculacee is the Order of which the Ranunculus is the typical genus ;

Order, is very unequal. Some genera pageant ot
cies ; in others, several h red species a) :

182. Orders are collected into Classes ; and guy wy rae large number
of genera, or genera a large number of species, a er sub-division is required.
ee cases of “he several groups most generally adopted are as follows, beginning
with the most comprehenslve or highest divisions :

Classes : Genera:
Sub-classes or alliances. Sub-genera.
Natural Orders : Sub-Sections
- Tribes. — Species :
Sub-tribes. ~ Varieties.
Divisi
Sub-divisions.

XXIV INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

1838. Classes, Orders, Genera, and their sub-divisions, are called natwral, when,
in forming them, all resemblances and differences are taken into account, valuing
them according to their importance ; artijicial, when resemblances and differences
in some one, or very few particulars only, are taken into account.

IV. Couttrction, PRESERVATION, AND EXAMINATION OF PLANTS.

_ 184, Though plants can be most easily and satisfactorily examined when freshly
gathered, yet as time will rarely admit of this being done, and as it is also desirable
to compare with other plants previously observed or collected, specimens must be
selected for leisurely observation at home, and for preservation for future reference.

185. A botanical Specimen should be, as much as possible, an epitome of the spe
cies which it represents, and if the species be variable, several specimens are neces-
sary. To be perfect, it should have root, stem, leaves, flowers (both open and in bud),
and fruit (both young and mature). It is not always, however, possible to gather
such complete specimens ; but the collector should aim at completeness. F
such as leaves without flowers, or flowers without leaves, are of comparatively little
use, ;

186. All small plants, not exceeding 15 inches in height, should be plucked up by
the roots, the whole plant forming a single specimen ; or, if a many-stemmed plant,
or one much branched near the base, and which if dried whole would make too dense
a mass of branches or stems, it may be divided, at the origin of the branches, into
‘several SpeOiMen sen por iss pei e e eei ae ve Me

187. If the plant to be dried be of greater length than 15 inches, and if it be
thought desirable—either from the lower leaves differing from the upper, or from
the branches being long and naked—to preserve the stem wnbroken, the specimen
may be folded in lengths of 15 inches. This is often done with Grasses, Sedges, and

Ferns : and should be done in the cases of all long-stemmed, Jax-leaved herbaceous,
and with tall bulbous plants, in order to preserve an indication of their habit. = __
188. Herbaceous plants of large size, and specimens of the branches of shrubs and
trees, must be broken into pieces, say 10-18 inches long, the length varying with
the nature or ramifications of the plant. The object is to preserve as much of the
peculiar aspect of the plant as is possible.

189. At least a dozen specimens of each plant should (when practicable) be ga
thered, for the purpose of exchanging with other botanists. A collector can scarcely
have too many duplicates, especially when his explorations are made in a little-fre-_
quented district. Many collect much more extensively. :

190. The collector should be provided with : em

1. A quantity (at his discretion) of any stout, coarse, unsized paper, of unt
form dimensions, say 12 inches by 18. Old newspapers answer the put-
pose ; and common packing paper, whity-brown or brown, is most excel-
lent. Blotting paper is much too tender and expensive. ;

2. A smaller quantity of very thin, unglazed paper, or chemist’s filtering paper

for drying plants with delicate corollas, (see 198).

8. Several flat, perforated boards, the size of the paper. Open wooden frames,

_. — with cross-bars, or frames of strong wire-work lattice, are better than
hoards, as they permit a freer evaporation. es
4. A light portfolio of pasteboard, covered with calico, fitted up with 12-20
___ Teave& of strong brown paper, furnished with a strap and buckle for

= ee lingi Ribas Ss abana, beta eae
ort than the old-fashioned collecting-box. The specimens, a5 8%
thered, are p between the leaves, and may be crowded /, it

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. XXV

192. On returning from the field, sort the specimens into those that are fleshy or
juicy, and those that are of a drier nature, and dry them in separate bundles. If
mixed together, the former are very apt to injure the latter, and to retard their

g:

193. The drying process is as follows :—Take one of the flat boards or frames,
and lay three or four sheets of the drying paper upon it. On these lay specimens,
placing them as closely as they will lie without overlapping each other. Cover the
specimens with a similar layer of paper ; and on this lay other specimens ; repeating
alternately a layer of paper and of specimens, till you have either placed in paper
all the specimens collected, or made a sufficiently thick pile. Cover the pile with
one of the flat boards, and place upon it a heavy weight—large stones or bags of
sand answer perfectly. If travelling, leather straps and buckles, drawn tightly across
the bundle, are used instead of weights.

194. After the specimens have lain a day under pressure, the about them
must be removed, and dry papers substituted ; and this yeoteie tices be repeated
at intervals of.a day or two till the plants are perfectly dry. If many sheets of paper
be placed between each layer of specimens, or if open frames be used instead of
boards, the changes need not be so frequent. In changing it is not necessary to lift
every specimen from the sheet on which it lies ; eg ig as garea< ced over the
specimens, the latter, with the moist sheet, may be ti over to the dry, and the
moist sheet then removed, and this process repeated through the bundle. Much time
- and trouble may thus be saved.

195, On the first day of shifting a sharp look-out should be kept for caterpillars,
which are apt to secrete themselves in flowers, and, if not at once removed, will
quickly destroy the specimens under pressure.

196. In fine weather the bundles of specimens, weighted or strapped, may be ex-
posed to the strongest heat of the sun; but as this causes a rapid extraction of
moisture, in order to insure its passing away, the plants must, on bringing in, and
while still warm, be shifted into fresh papers : otherwise mouldiness and decay, and
not exsiccation, will ensue. Artificial heat, not greater than 140°, may be substi-
tuted in wet weather.

197. In drying plants within the tropics, and in all damp and hot climates, fre-
quent shifting of papers is necessary ; if neglected, the specimens will either fall to
pieces, or become mouldy and rotten.

198. Fleshy fruits should be preserved in spirits ; or carefully sketched, and the
seeds or hard parts dried. nee

199. Succulent plants, heaths, and plants with compound leaves (such as Mimosec),
should be dipped (all but the flowers) for a few seconds into boiling water, before
being placed in the drying papers. This will kill them, promote the drying of suc- —
culents, and mestrong fog Bee 25 &c., from shedding their leaves. ae

200. Plants with delicate corollas ([ridee, Oxalidee, wane should be placed |
tween single leaves of very thin and soft, unglazed paper ring or tissue
In shifting to dry eertn! An tissue paper is not to be removed, but lifted
contents to the dry layer. This will prevent the flowers from curling”

external

202. Having dried his plants, the student begins to form his Herbarium or Hor-
tus-Siccus. The first step is to assort the specimens, first into their classes ; then into
sub-classes, orders, genera, and species. When this is done, he selects such specimens
of each species as he wishes to retain for future reference, consigning the remainder
‘to separate bundles labelled “duplicates,” and keeping them for exchange with other
botanists.

208. The specimens selected, having first been examined and named, are either
fastened with thin to pieces of stiff white or cream-coloured cartridge of
-@ uniform size, or loosely, or secured by cross-bands or pins, in double sheets
of soft paper. In either case the species belonging to each genus are placed within

XXV1 SrERDe CON TO BOTANY.

a common wrapper of — paper, and the name of the genus and natural order to —
which it belongs written on the left-hand corner near the base.

The most convenient size for the sheets of paper is 16 inches long by 10}
wi
_ 205. No more than one species should ever be fastened on one sheet of paper ;
but as many specimens as will conveniently fit may be placed side by side.
. 206. The name, place of growth, soil, elevation above the sea, season of flowering,
colour of the flower, and if a shrub or tree, the height, nature of the wood, &c. ; and
any useful information respecting the species, and not deducible from the specimen,
should be written on an attached label or on the sheet to which the specimen is

"207. The sheets of species arranged under their genera and orders, are kept in
cabinets made with compartments to suit the size of the paper used.

208. When it is required to examine or dissect flowers or fruits that have been
dried, it is necessary to soften them. If the parts are very delicate this is best done
by gradually moistening them in cold water ; in most cases steeping them in boiling ©
water or in steam, is usual, and is much quicker. Very hard fruits and seeds wi
require long boiling in order to dissect them easily,

209. For dissecting and examining flowers in the field, a pen-knife and a poate
lens of two or three powers, from one inch to two’ inches focus, are sufficient. At
home is is more convenient to have a mounted lens or simple microscope, with a
stage holding a glass plate, upon which the flowers to be dissected may be laid, and
a pair of dissecting knives, one of which should be narrow and pointed, or a fine
needle fixed in a handle ; > with a sharp edge, —
to make clean sections across the © _A compound microscope is rarely neces-—
a except in cryptogamic botany. or the simple microscope, lenses of 4, 4, so

focus are sufficient. -

210. Many species vary within limits which it is very difficult to express in words.
It may also happen that the specimen gathered may present some occasional or acci- —
dental anomalies peculiar to that single one, or to a very few individuals of the spe-
cies. Hence the difficulty constantly experienced by the young student, and not
seldom by the more expert botanist, of recognizing the various forms of a species by
the technical characters assigned to it ina Flora. It may be useful, therefore, to point
out a few of the anomalies likely to be met with, and we may divide them into two
classes, as follows :

1, Aberrations from the ordinary type or sabe g of a species, for which
some general cause may be
A bright light and open situation, particularly at considerable elevations or —
in high latitudes, without too much wet or drought, tends to increase
the size and heighten the colour of flowers, in proportion to the stature —

and foliage of the plant. .
Shade, on the c contrary, especially if accompanied by richness of soil and suffi-
cient moisture, tends to increase the foliage a draw up the stem, but —
to diminish the number, size, and colour of the flowers.
A hot climate and dry situation tend to increase the hairs, prickles, and —
other productions of the epidermis, to shorten and stiffen the branches,
rendering sa ae plants yet more spinous. Moisture in a rich soil has

poem, Soe
lof the sea, or a saline soil or atmosphere, imparts a thicker
roeetn cates ener to the aa and almost every part of

INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY. Xxvli

only increase of size of the whole plant or of particular parts, but in-
crease of number, or branches, or leaves, or leaflets of a compound leaf ;
or it may diminish the hairiness of the plant or induce thorns to grow
out into branches, &e.

Capsules which, while growing, lie upon or close to the ground, will often
become larger, more succulent, and less readily dehiscent, than those
which are not so exposed to the moisture of the soil.

Herbs eaten down by sheep or cattle, or crushed under foot, or burnt over, or

otherwise checked in their growth, or trees or shrubs cut down to the
ground, if then exposed to favourable circumstances of soil and climate,
will send up luxuriant side-shoots, often so different in the form of their
leaves, in their ramification and inflorescence, as to be scarcely recogni-
zable for the same species.

Annuals which have germinated in spring and flowered without check, will
often be very different in aspect from individuals of the same species,
which, having germinated later, are stopped by summer droughis or the
approach of winter, and only flower the foll ee Senet ae =
growth. ‘The latter have often been mistaken for

Hybrids, or crosses between two species, come under the category of anoma-
lies from a known cause. Frequent as they are in gardens, where they
are artificially produced, they are probably rare in nature. Absolute
proof of the origin of a plant found wild is of course impossible ; but it
is pretty generally agreed that the following particulars must always co-
exist in a wild hybrid. It partakes of the characters of its two parents ;
it is to be found isolated, or almost isolated, in places where the two
parents are abundant ; if there are two or three, they will generally be
dissimilar from each other, one partaking more of one parent, another
of the other ; it seldom ripens good seed ; it will never be found where
one of the parents grows alone. Where two supposed species grow toge-
ther, intermixed with numerous intermediates bearing good seed, and —
passing more or less gradually from the one to the other, it may gene-
rally be concluded that the whole are mere varieties of one species. The
beginner, however, must be very cautious not to set down a specimen as
intermediate between two species, because it appears to be so in some, —
even the most striking characters, such as stature and foliage. Extreme

varieties of one species are connected together by transitions in all their

characters, but these iia pgrhecigristemtt roe agp
cimen. The observation of a single intermediate is, therefore, of little
value, unless it be one link in a long series of intermediate forms, and,
when met with, should lead to the search for other connecting links. =

2. Accidental aberrations from the ordinary type, —- those of which the
cause is unknown. i S

These require the more attention, as they may ometi the beginner
whilst aberrations above
far astray in his search for the genus, — gprs os inti ion of

rednosd mine 06 1
se eee ed SG aver cocasionally with

be found, even in in. a wild sinis; with double flowers, that is, with

ony ay be oa, of petals

Plants which have usually conspicuous petals will occasionally appear without
petals, either to the flowers produced at particular seasons, or to all the
flowers of particular plants; or the petals may be reduced to narrow
slips, or variously cut.

Flowers usually very irregular (81) may, on certain individuals, lose more or
less of their irregularity. Spurs may disappear, or be produced on all,
instead of only one of the petals.

One part may be occasionally added to or subtracted from the usual number

of TS more — in serene peer ie

XXVili INTRODUCTION TO BOTANY.

The relative adhesion of the floral whorls may vary ; hypogynous stamens
appearing in flowers usually with perigynous, and free or half-free ovaries
in flowers usually with adherent.

Plants usually monoecious or dioecious may become occasionally hermaphro-
dite, or hermaphrodite plants may produce occasionally unisexual flowers
by the abortion of the stamens or of the pistils.

Leaves alternate where they are usually opposite; cut or divided where
usually entire ; variegated or spotted where usually of one colour, or the
reverse, must also be classed among those accidental aberrations which
_ ist must always be on his guard against mistaking for specific

istinctions.

XXIix.

INDEX TO TERMS, &e.

——-— 0

[The numbers refer to the paragraphs in the foregoing Introduction.]

Aberrations, 210.
Abortive, 67, 93, 104.

Aculeate, 146.
Acumen, 45.
Acuminate, 45.
Acute, 45.
Adherent, 124, 129.
Adhesion, 129.
Adnate, 58, 96, 129.
Adventitious, 29.
ZEstivation, 89.
Akene, 135.
Alabastrus, 65.
Albumen, 138.
Albuminous, 138.
Alburnum, 167,
Alternate, 30, 74.
Amphitropous, 119.
Amplexicaul, 35.
Amyloid, 156.
Analytical tables, 2.
Anastomose, 39.

Artificial, 183.

- Ascending, ~
Asepalous,
anon, 168, 171.
Atropous, 119.

Bark, 164, 167.

Berry, 134.
Bi- (2 in composition).

Bicarpellary, 107.
Bidentate, 42.
Bifid, 42,
Bifoliolate, 42.
Bijugate, 42.
Bilabiate, 90.
Bilocular, 109.
Bipinnate, 42.
Bisexual, 68,
Biternate, 42.
Blade, 34.
Bract, 55, 64.
Bracteole, 64, 56.
Branch, 30, 112.

Bristles, Bristly, 98, 147.

Bud, 185.
Bulb, 20.
Bulblet, 20.

Ceespitose, 24. —
Calyx, 43, 66, 73, 82.
Campanulate, 90.
Campylotropous, 119.

Cauline, 36.

Cells (elementary), 151,

152.
Cells (of anthers), 92.
Cells (of the ovary), 108.

| Cellular tissue, 8, 153.

Cellulose, we 173.
. ot

Centripetal, 61.

Chalaza, 117.

Character, 2
Chori 156, 173.

Climbing stem, 25.

Coats, 139.

Coccus, 137.

Coherent, 129.

Collection of specimens,
181.

Coma, 139.

Common-petiole, 38.

Complete, 67, 72.

Compound, 62, Beds 131.

Cottony, 147.
Cotyledons, 142.
Creeping, 24.
Crenate, 38.

XXX

Cuspidate, 45.
Cylindrical, 51.
Cyme, 62.
Cymose, 62.
Cysts, 154,

Deca— or Decem— (10 in
composition. )
Decompound, 41.
Decumbent, 24.
Decurrent, 35.
Decussate, 30.
Definite, 72.
Dehisce, 100.
Dehiscence, 100.
Dehiscent, 133.
Deltoid, 43.
Dentate, 38.
Depressed, 51.
Dextrine, 156.
Di- (2 in composition).
Diadelphous, 95. |
Dialipetalous, 86.
Diandrous, ee
ichlamydeous, 68.
Dichotomous, 31, 62,
Boa 67.
Didynamous, 95.
Diffuse, 24.
Digitate, 40.
Digynous, pes 107.

Dimidiate, 99.
Diceious, 69.
Dipetalous, 79.
Disepalous, 79.
Disk, 121.
Dissepiment, 109.
Dissolved, 156.
Distichous, 30.
Divaricated, 97.
Diverging, 97, 129.
Divided, 38, 122.
Divisions, 182.

- Double flowers, 83. Glands, 98, 144, 149.
Down, 147. Glandular-setose, 147.
_ Downy, 147. Glaucous, 147.
-Drupe, 134, Globular, 51.
Dry, 1338. Glochidiate, 147.
Ducts, 158, 167. lume, 64.
Duramen, 167, Gluten, 173.
oe Glutinous, 147,
Echinate, 147, Gum, 173 ge
Elaborated sap, 168. Gynobasis, 102, 127,
Elementary organs, 7, Heme os 102, 127.
151. irs, 144, 147, 159.
Elliptical, 43. __ | Hastate, 47. —
Embryo, 14, ny, 138, 142. oeoe EER
0, 14, 7 406 > ae ae

Endogen, 164,170.

| Flower, 10, 65, 68, 79,

INDEX TO TERMS.

Endogenous, 164, 166.
ea (9 in composition).
Entire, 38, 122.
Epicarp, 134.
Epidermis, 146, 157.
Epigynous, 124, 126.
Epigynous Disk, 128.
Epiphyte, 162.
Erect, 24.
Even, 147.
Exalbuminous, 138.
Exogen, 164, 166, 170.
Exogenous, 164, 166.
Extrorse, 100.
Families, 179,
Fascicled, 30, 37.
Fastigiate, 62.
Female, 68,
Fertile, 68.
Fibre, 13.
Fibrous Roots, 15.
Filaments, 92, 93.
Flabelliform, 43,
Fleshy, 50, 133, 192.
Floral whorls, 120.

84, 185.
Flowering Plants, 10.
Follicle, 135.
Foramen, 117,
Forked, 31.

Free, 53, 72, 80, 124, 129.
Fruit, 130, 143, 185.
Function, 6.

Funiculus, 140.
Funnel-shaped, 90.
Furrowed, 147.
Fusiform, 51.

Gamopetalous, 86.

Genus, Genera, 182, 202,
208.

Gibbose, 90,

Glabrous, 147.

Hermeplnedlg : fet

Heterogamous, 70.
Hexa— (6 in composition).
Hilum, 141.

Hirsute, 147.

Hispid, 147.

Hoary, 147.
patddenieh 70.
Hooks, 144, 145.
Hybernaculum, 17.
Hybrids, 210.
Hypocrateriform, 90.
Hypogynous, 124, 126.

Imbricate, 89.
Imperfect, 67.
Impervious, 28.
Incomplete, 67.
Incurved, 119.
Indehiscent, 123.
Indumentum, 147.
Induplicate, 89.

Inferior, 143, 124.

Inflorescence, 55, 57.
Infundibuliform, 90.
Innate, 196.
Insertion, 124, 126.
Internode, 28.
Introrse, 100.
Involucre, 64.
Involute, 89.
Irregular, 81, 90.

Isomerous, 72,
Knob, 19.

Lamina, 88, 34.
Lanceolate, 43.
Lateral, 77.

Latex, 153.

Leaf, 64, 33.
Leafbud, 29.

Leaflet, 64, 38.
Leaves, 33, 64, 169, 185.
Lepidote, 148.

Limb, 88, 90.

Linear, 43.
Linear-lanceolate, 44.
Lobe, 38, 87. .
Lobed, 38, 122.
Loculicidal, 137.
Loculus, 103, 109.

i Lower, es

Lyrate, 40.

ies 68.

argin, 34.
Mealy, 147. =
Medullary-rays, 167. _

_ Medullary-sheath, 167. 4
-Membranous, 50, 139.
Micropyle, 117, 141.

Midrib, 39.
Monadelphous, 95.
Monandrous, 94.
Mono- (1in composition.)
Monocarpellary, 107.
Monochlamydeous, 65,
Moneecious, 69,
Monogynous, 107.
Monopetalous, 86.
Mouth, 90.
Mucronate, 45.
Mucronulate, 45,
Multi- (many in ‘dig:
mina

Naked, 68.

Natural, 2,
Natural ar ‘179, 182,

Netted, 39.
Neuter, 68.

Node, 27, 28.

Novem— (9 in composi-

tion)
Nucleus, 117, 155.
Nut, 135.

Obconical, 51.

Obcordate, 46.

Oblong, 43.

Obovate, 43.

Obovoid, 51.

Obpyramidal, 51.

Obtuse, 45.

Oct- or Octo- (8 in com-
ition). é

INDEX TO TERMS.

Parenchyma, 153.
Parietal, 117.
Pectinate, 40,
Pedate, 40.
Pedatifid, 40,
Pedicel, 59.
Peltate, 49.

. Penicillate, 113.

Penta (Simcompanticon)
Perfoliate, 35.
Perennial, 16, 18.
Pericarp, 132.

Perigynous, 124, 126.
Perisperm, 138.

f Personate, 90,

Petiole, 34.

Petiolule, 38.

Phznogamous plants, 10.

Phanerogamous plants, 10

Pilose, 147.

Pinnate, 40.

Pinnately-trifoliolate, 40.

Pinnatifid, 40.

Pistil, 66, 76, 102,

Pistillate, 68.

Pith, 167, 164,

Placenta, 115.

Placentation, 115.

Plant, 5.

Plicate, 89.

Plumule, 142.

Plurilocular, 109.

Podocarp, 102.

Pollen, 92.

Poly- (many in composi-
tion.

Polyandrous, 94.

Polygamous, 69.

Polygynous, 107.

Polypetalous, 86.

Pore, 92, 100.

Preservation of specim eat

Prickles, 116, 140, 144.
-Primine, 117.

imordial-utricle, 155.
Procumbent, 24.
Prostrate, 2 A,
Protoplasm, 155.
Puberulent, 147.
Pubescent, 147.
Pulvinate, 121.
Punctiform, 114.

t, 43.
Putamen, 134.
Pyramidal, 51.

XXxXi
ae re Py xidium, 135,
137.

Quads (4 in composition.)
Quinque(s in compomition,)

Race, 177, Pa

Raceme, 62

Racemose, 62.

Rachis, 62, 38.

Radical, 36.

Radicle, 142.

Rameal, 36.

Raphe, 119.

Raphies, 156.

Ray; G22 227 ’

Receptacle, le, = 120, 124.
plicate, sales |

Reniform, 48 :

Resupinate, 90.

Reticulate, 39.

Retuse, 45.

Rhizome, 18

Rhomboid, 43.

Ribs, 39.

Ribbed, 147.

Ringent, 90.

Root, 12, 160, 185.

Rootstock, 18.

Rosulate, 37.

Rotate, 90.

Rotund, Round, 43,

Rudimentary, 67, 93, 104.

Runcinate, 40.

Runner, 27.

Samara,
ee

- Searious (or Bastions), 60.

Scattered, 30
Scion, 27.
Soorpioid, 62.
ion, 38, 182.

Sepal, 72.
Septem (7 in composition.)
Septum, Septa, 109
Septicidal, 137,

Serrate, Serrulate, 38.

Sessile, 35, 88. :

Sex (6 in composition.)

Sheathing, 35.

202, 205.

Specimen, 184, 185, 205.

Spherical, 51.
Spicate, 62,
Spike, 62.

Stamens, 66, 75, 94, 91.
St aes ’ : 68 ba

Staminodia, 93.
Starch, 156.
Stellate, 148, 90.
Stem, 23, 163, 185.
ing, 35.

Stole, or Stolon, 17, 27,
Stomates, 158.
Stone-fruit, 134,
Striate, 147.
Strigulose, 147,
Strigose, 147.
Strophiole, 140,

Style, 103, 104.

INDEX TO TERMS.

Subclass, 182, 202.
Subgenus, 182.
Suborder, 182.
Subsection, 182.
Subtribe, 182.
Subulate, 43.
Succulent, 50, 33.
Sucker, 26. 2
Superior, 124, 143.
Symmetrical, 72.
Synandrous, 94,
Syncarpous, 108.
Syngenesious, 95. _

Tapering, 46.
Tovedue 15.

Teeth, 87.

Tegmen, 139,
Tendril, 25, 144, 145.
Terete, 51.

Ternate, 30, 40.
Tetra (4 in composition.)
Tetradynamous, 95.
Testa, 139.

Thorns, 144, 146,
Throat, 90

Tomentose, 147,
Toothed, 38, 122.
Torus, 62, 120.
Trache, 153.

Tri- (3 in composition.
Tribe, 182. — )
Trichotomous, 31, 62.
Trifid, 40, 42.
Trigonous, 51.
Triquetrous, 51.
Tristichous, 30.
Truncate, 45,

Trunk,

Tubular, 90.
Tunicated, 21.
Twine, 25.
Twisted, 89.
Two-lipped, 90.
Typical, 179.

Umbel, 62.
Umbellate, 31, 62.
Undulate, 38.

Uni- (1 in composition.)
Unijugate, 40, 42.
Unilocular, 109.
Unisexual, 69.
Unsymmetrical, 80.
Upper, 77, 171.
Urceolate, 90.
Utricle, 135.

Valvate, 89.

Valves, 100.

Variety, 177, 178, 182.
‘Vascular Tissues, 8, 153.
Vegetable Anatomy, 150.
Vegetable Physiology,150
Vein, 39.

Velutinous, 147,
Ventral, 135.

Vernation, 52.

Versatile, 96.
Verticillate, 30.

Viscid, Viscous, 147.
Vittz or Vittas, 149.
Voluble, 25.

Warted, 147.

Wavy, 38.

Whorled, 30.

Wing, 35, 139.
Woody-Tissue, 8, 153.
Wool, 147.

Woolly, 147.

XXXlil

TABLE OF THE CLASSES AND SUB-CLASSES.

a SS

CLASS I. DICOTYLEDONES v. EXOGENZ.

Stem having a central pith, surrounded by one or more concentric
rings of woody and vascular tissue, and coated by a separable bark.
Leaves usually articulated with the stem, and traversed by branchin,
and anastomosing veins. Hmbryo with two (or more) opposite coty
dons ; the young stem rising between the cotyledons.

Sub-Class 1. THALAMIFLOR&.—Calyx and corolla (generally) present. Petals sepa-
rate, inserted, as are also the stamens, on the receptacle (i.e. hypogynous). Ovary
free.

Sub-Class 2. CaLycirLor&®.—Calyx and corolla (generally) present. Calyx gamo-
sepalous. Petals separate, or united into a monopetalous corolla, either perigyn-
ous or epigynous. Stamens inserted on the calyx (perigynous ), or on the tube
of a perigynous, or epigynous corolla. Ovary free, or more or less adnate to the
calyx-tube. e

Sub-Class 3. CoroLLIrtor®.—Calyz and corolla both present. Petals united in a
monopetalous, perigynous corolla. Stamens inserted on the corolla. Ovary
free or nearly so. ee

Sub-Class 4. MonocHtaMypEa.-—Perianth single (a calyx, or calyx and corolla

soldered together, coloured or green) or more or less imperfect, or altogether
absent. ~

CLASS I. MONOCOTYLEDONES or ENDOGENZ.
~ Stem not distinguishable into pith, wood, and bark, but consis’

—
bundles of woody and vascular tissue separately imbedded in celh
tissue, and encased in a firmly adherent outer rind. eaves usually
sheathing at base, and traversed by sub-parallel, unbranched veins,
running from the base to the apex, and connected by straight, cross
veinlets. Embryo with one cotyledon ; the young stem starting from _
a cavity in the side. —

“CLASS IIL, ACOTYLEDONES or CRYPTOGAMZ.
Plants destitute of true flowers, or seed-producing organs :—propa-
gated by spores, i. e. reproductive cells, not containing any embryo.
Spores variously evolved, and fertilized in various ways. |This class

comprises Ferns and Filicoid-plants, Characes, Mosses, Hepatic, _

Fungi, Lichens, and Alge or Seaweeds].

cellular

XXXIV

SEQUENCE OF ORDERS CONTAINED IN VOL. IL WITH
BRIEF CHARACTERS,

ee

rer 4 ag

a OE
BY F
eee

Sub-Class I. Toatamiriors. Orders I.—XLL. [Several orders include

' apetalous genera. In Binacee, Caryophyllee, and Phytolaccee, the

stamens are sometimes perigynous; and in Binacee the ovary is
Sometimes partially adnate. |

I. RAN UNCULACEAZE (page 1). Flowers bisexual. Stamens indefinite ; anthers
adnate; filaments subulate. Carpels numerous, separate. (Slender climbers or
herbs. ’ Clematis, Anemone, Buttercup.) =

Il. ANONACEA aasihe s Getksl adaats Fi. bisexual. Sepals ye valvate. Petals 6. Sta-

y ‘Tous, Sepa (Gre rd, wing entire, eta Lae Custard-

© G III. “MENISPERMACE (pace Ss Fi. “minute, sinibeacdid, green. Stamens
Cele 2c definite (few) monadelphous. s.” Oarpels 1-3, separate. (Slender, climbing suffru-
' tices, with alternate, simple, netted-veined leaves. Fl. in axillary cymes, racemes,
or umbels. Davidjes.) oS
{ Iv. NYMPH AACE (page 13). FU. bisexual, and showy. Petals nume-
ae ‘vous, in several rows. Stamens indefinite. Ca '$ numerous, sunk in a
“= * torus, and thus combined into a plurilocular ovary. (Water- lities. Leaves om
_.. . | long stalks, peltate or cordate.)
VV, PAPAVERACEAE (page 14). Sepals 2-3, deciduous. Petals 4-6, equal,
spreading, crumped in the bud. Stamens indefinite. Ovary 1~celled, with 2 or
ea * several parietal placenta. (Poppy.)
eG . VL FUMARIACE/ (page 15). Sepals 2, minute, scale-like. Petals 4, conni-
vent in pairs: one or both of the two outer, spurred or saccate at base. Stamens
6, diadelphous. _ (Glabrous, climbing herbs, with much divided leaves, and small
nd eS purple, white, or yellow flowers. Fumitory. Bladder-weed.)
_ VII. CRUCIFERZ (page 19). Sepals 4, deciduous. Petals 4, clawed, walk Z
--— eruciate. Stamens 6; 4 long and 2 short. Ovary bilocular, with parietal pla-
“« center. Fruit a pod or pouch. bas i Cabtaoe Mustard, Near, ae.

ing capsule. —

caters

. SEQUENCE OF ORDERS. XXXV
eS 2

ef XII. DROSERACEZ (page 75). Sepals 5, persistent. Petals 5, equal. Stamens
, jae . §, on slender filaments. Ovary unilocular, with 3-5 parietal placentee. Cap-
dite sule splitting. (Herbs or suffrutices, covered with viscidly glandular hairs. Sun-
e dew. Catch-fly.)

Sve XIII. POLYGALEA (page 79). Flowers irregular. Sepals 5, unequal, the two
os, 4.4. ~ lateral often coloured like petals. Petals 3; the two upper small, the lower
ee YP (keel or carina) large, enclosing the stamens and ovary, and often crested in

(Small shrubs, suffrutices, or herbs. Leaves simple, entire,
racemose or spiked, mostly purple or pink. Milkwort.)
XIV. Era deere ete (page 113). Fl. regular. Calyx tubular, 4~5-toothed,
Sone mony 6 after flowering. Petals 4-5, with long claws, deciduous,
eae te Ovary 1-celled, with 3-4 parietal placenta and numerous

XV. ELATINACES (
ee >. Petals 5; stamens 10. e pla-
— sti ‘Capsule 5-valved, bP ar hey oneatey Diike Leaves
7 ‘ opposite, entire, with membranous stipules. Bergia.)

Ge XVI. HYPERICINE (page 117). Fl. regular, yellow. Sepals 5, aieg pare
age imbricate. Petals 5, unequal sided, spirally twisted in the bud, and o black-
dotted at margin. Stamens numerous, united in 3-5 parcels ( polyadelphous ).
Ovary imperfectly 3-5 celled, with numerous ovules. (Shrubs or herbs, with
opposite, very entire, pellucid-dotted, exstipulate leaves. Fl.in cymes. St. John’ Wort.)
XVII. TAMARICINE (page 119). Flowers minute, regular, 4~5~merous,
spiked or racemose. Stamens 4—10, united at base into a ring. Ovary 1-celled,
with parietal placente, and cinpeanaiies: weed, cote 3 (Shrubs, with minute,
seale-like, crowded or imbricate leaves. Tamarisk.
> XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEZ (page 120). Fl. tin eymose, often without

7 Shite 07 petals. Calya 4-5 cleft or parted, persistent. Petals clawed. Stamens 4-10,
7 a sometimes perigynous. Ovary unilocular, or more or less 3-5 celled, with 3-5
Be Cope styles; ovules one or many, on axile placentae. Fruit a capsule or an achene.

Seeds reniform, with a marginal embryo and floury albumen. Herbs or small
suffrutices, with opposite or scattered, entire leaves. Stipules none or membranous:
Pink or Carnation. Chickweed.)

‘| wees > ® PHYTOLACCEZ (page 151). Fl. as in Caryophyllee. Ovary of two or
ie. or pee f breaking up into one-seeded cocci. Seed as in Caryophyllee.
spiked, racemose, or cymose flowers, Limeum. Virginian Poke.)

_ XX. MALVACE! I 77 penne Ming ogee Calyx 3-4,
hs with elas atvaton onl a rate Petals strongly twisted in

orn ris ‘Mallow. Hibiscus.)

Cape species, Sterculia Alexandi unisexual, without petals, —
campanulate, coloured, <hekled " valvate, Stamens united 4 in a ber :

- silk-cotton tree also belong to this

. &| XXII. BYTTNERIACE2 Oe ache
Petals 4-5 twisted. Stamens

united at base into a ring or |

a | front. Stamens 8, monadelphous. Ovary 2-celled; ovules solitary, pendulous.°
exstipulate. Flowers

} Pal, several, separate or connate, 1—-ovuled carpels, with separate styles, geo 4
with alternate, entire, mostly exstipulate leaves, and sevall, grees wr wie .

XXL STERCULIACE (page 1 tia A tree, with digitate leaves. Pe :

» thers 2-celled. in felis many Sree: The street core

.

XXXV1 SEQUENCE OF ORDERS.

XXIV. HIPPOCRATEACE.E (page 229). Flowers regular, small, greenish, 5
parted. Stamens 3, inside a fleshy, i

Pperigynous disc. Ovary 3-celled, with a
t short, trifid style. (Shrubs or trees resembling OCelastrus ; differing by the three
. hypogynous stamens).
XXV. MALPIGHIACE® (page 231). Flowers perfect, regular. Calyc 5—parted,
al 2 fat UZ. ~ -imbricate, with external fleshy glands. Petals 5, clawed, spreading. Stamens
ay eee 10 (5 sometimes abortive), connate at base, Ovary 3-2 celled ; ovules solitary.
t : (Shrubs, erect or climbing, with

opposite, simple, mostly entire leaves, and corymbose
on racemose red or yellow flowers, Pubesee silky. Natal Country. )
XXVI. ERYTHROXYLEA (page 233). F2. as in Malpighiacee ; but, calyx
bof y not glanded ; petals with a bifid scale in front 3 stigmas capitate. (Two Natal
os shrubs ).

(page 234). Fi. regular. Calyz small, truncate or toothed

Petals 4-6, with valvate zstivation, Stamens as many or twice as many as the

petals, free (or connate). Ovary unilocular ; ovules 2-4, pendulous from a free

central placenta, or the side of the ovary. Albumen copious. ( Trees or shrubs,

ire leaves. 2 S, African species )e

SAPINDACE

er imbricate. Petals 4-5, or none, imbricate. Dise fleshy, outside the
Often excentrical or unsymmetrical stamens. Ovary 2-4 celled, with axile pla-

rs tz ; ovules 13, rarely more. Fruj

rarely] with pinnate or trifoliolate, rarely with simple leaves. Stipules none.

calyx, sessile, with val
4-10 united into a tube, ary pl
1-2, axile ; style simple. Fruit a berry,
Leaves punate or simple, alternate, exstipulate,
* panicles. )

— ae (page 248). FI. regular, minute. Calyze d.
MENS Opposii concave, valvate petals, Ovary free, 2 celled ; ovules in
pairs. Fruit a berry. (Shrubs inibivagy by ie

swollen at the

¢

SEQUENCE OF ORDERS. XXXVil

XXXV. ZYGOPHYLLEZ (page 351). Fl. regular. Calyx 4-5 parted. Petals
4-5, clawed, with twisted estivation, rarely none. Stamens 8-10. Ovary on
wm Lp an annular disc, 4-5 angled and celled ; ovules axile, 2 or more. Styles con-
‘ nate, rarely free. Fruit capsular or fleshy. (Herbs, suffrutices or shrubs. Leaves
opposite, compound, rarely simple, stipulate. Flowers solitary, axillary or termi-
nal, yellow or white.

XXXVL MELIANTHEA (page 366). Fl. more or less irregular. Calyx 5.
parted, imbricated. Petals clawed. Stamens 4-5, within an annular or horse-
BS o7fe shoe-shaped disc. Ovary 4-5 celled; cells 2 ovuled. Fr. capsular. (Shrubs
; or undershrubs. Leaves alternate, impari-pinnate, the petiole often winged, stipu- i
4 late. Fl. racemose or axillary. Melianthus.) — *

“an

Sul XXXVII. RUTACEA! (page 369). FU. regular. ¢ Calyx 4-8 imbricate.

ae Petals 4-5 (rarely none), twisted or valvate. Dise cup- free or attached

omc Coby to the calyx. Stamens outside the disc, as many or twice as many as the petals ;
5 opposite the petals sterile (staminodia). Ovary of 3-5 carpels, rarely syn
carpous. Style single. Fruit of 1-5, one seeded cocci or capsules ; in
walls of the capsule splitting into an inner and outer shell. (B sie hes.
— Leaves with pellucid, glandular dots, exstipulate ). a

XXXVIII. PITTOSPOREA (page 443). Fl. regular. Calyx 5 ret imbri-
cate. Petals 5, imbricate. Stamens 5, free. Ovary syncarpous, 2-5 celled,
ovules numerous ; style single. uit capsular or fleshy. Seeds lying in pulp.
(One S. African shrub, with entire leaves and yellow-green flowers. )

XXXIX. AURANTIACE/ (page 444). Fl. regular. Calyx very short, toothed
_ +... orentire. Petals 4-5, broad at base, imbricate. Stamens as many or twice as
» © © omany as the petals, Ovary on a short gynophore, 3-5, or many celled ; ovules
1-2; style single. Fruit pulpy i indehiscent. (7'rees or inks: with pellucia-

dotted leaves, Gc. Orange and Lemon.” One S. African species. )
: — XANTHOXYLE/ (page 445). ra unisexual. Calyx 4-5 parted. Petals
, - twisted in westivation. Stamens 4~5 or 8-10, free. Carpels 1-3-5, on a gyno-
~ phore, separate or more or less connate ; styles united or distinct, or very short.
Fruit fleshy or follicular. (Shrubs or trees with pellucid-dotted leaves, often

prickly. Flowers small. Wild-Cardamon. )

XLI. OCHNACEZ (page 448). Fl. perfect, regular, showy. Cae freed,
persistent, imbricate. Petals 4-6. Stamens numerous ; the anthers hard

Em * | dry, erect, opening by pores or slits. Ovary of 4-6 separate s carpels.
ts . A —— ( pie ee — with glossy, simple — and — or oa
flowers. eM

Sub-Class = Cavxerruonsy

XLII. CELASTRINEA (p. rhe RL cmall, «ope ‘Calye 4-5 lobed, persis
93 Pam imbricate. Petals inserted under the he edge of a fleshy, perigynous dise

I. — Ce 4 he

f

XXXViii SEQUENCE OF ORDERS.

XLV. RHAMNEA! (page 475). FU. regular, small. Calye tubular, 4-g toothed,
rm Oh, “se iets eee eee sr, Ted ct a ie ne oie
e = - Opposi . 2-4 celled ; ovules so! : S y or capsular.

oo (Trees or shrubs, with simple, mostly alternate leaves, Flowers in cymes, panicles
“ or heads. Phylica ). see
XLVI. TEREBINTACEZ (page 502). Fl. regular, small, often unisexual.(
Calyx 3-5 parted, imbricate. Petals 3-5, round a fleshy disc, spreading, imbri-* —
_ cate. Stamens alternating with the petals, or twice as many. Ovary of one —

_ carpel (or of one perfect and 2-4 abortive carpels) ; ovules solitary ; styles or —
sti as many as the carpels. Fruit drupaceous. (Trees or shrubs, =
hg compound, rarely simple leaves, resinous juices and minute flowers. Rhus.) —

bea XLVII. CONNARACES ( 527). I. perfect and regular. Calyx

Petals 5, in the Se of the eae 2 hee _ Stamens 10, inserted with |
petals. Ovary of 5 separate carpels (several often obortive) ; ovules in pairs;
styles terminal. Capsules follicular, 5 or fewer. Radicle remote from the
hilum. (Subtropical shrubs

FLORA CAPENSIS.

OrDER I. RANUNCULACEZ. D.C.
(By W. H. Hanvey). 7

(Ranunculi, Juss. Gen. p. 231. Ranunculacee, D.C. Prod. 1. p. 2.
Endl. Gen, Pl. No. clxxviii. Lindl. Veg. King, cliv.)

Sepals 3-20, mostly 5, separate, deciduous, rarely persistent, green
or petaloid and coloured. Petals 5-15 (often wanting,) separate, hypo-
gynous, In one or several rows. Stamens indefinitely numerous, hypo-
gynous, free ; anthers consolidated with the filament, erect, two-celled,
opening laterally by a longitudinal slit. Ovaries, many or few, often
very numerous, separate (rarely cohering by the ventral sutures) ;
ovules one or several, sutural. Fruit either dry achenia ; succulent
drupes or berries ; or many-seeded follicles. Seeds without arillus, ana-
tropous, with copious albumen, and a minute, sub-basal embryo.

Herbs or twining shrubs, with colourless, acrid juice. Leaves, except in Clematis,
alternate ; petioles concave, expanded into an imperfect sheath at the base, and
clasping the stem ; lamina usually much cut, or multipartite. Flowers gaily
coloured, solitary or panicled, pedunculate.

With the exception of the first Tribe (Clematidec ), the plants of this extensive
and widely-distributed Order are herbaceous. ‘They abound throughout the northern
Temperate Zone, particularly in its colder and moister climates. They are compa-
tively rare in S. America and Australia, and still less frequent in Africa. Of the
40 genera and 1200 species known to botanists, but § genera, comprising 18 species,
fall within the limits of our Flora: and only one genus (Knowltonia) is peculiar
to South Africa. Acridity and causticity in the juices are prevailing characteristics
of Ranunculacee. Some are violent poisons ; but in many the poisonous principle
18 volatile, disappearing in the process of drying. Of the S. African species, but
two have a place in the pharmaceutical list ; namely, Knowltonia vesicatoria, a com-
mon, rustic blistering application ; and Ranunculus pinnatus, whose juice is
for cancerous ulcers.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA. ~

A. twining shrubs, with opposite leaves. ae
B. Herbaceous plants with alternate or radical leaves.

Thalictrum.. als 4-5, shorter than the stamens. Carpels without tails,

IT. peace a numerous, longer than the stamens. Carpels dry, tailed.
** Sepals green. Petals present.
IV. Knowltonia.—Sepals 5. Petals numerous. Carpels fleshy and juicy.
V. Ranunculus,—Sepals 3-5. Petals 5-10, each with a scale or pit near
the base, Carpels dry.

| I. CLEMATIS, Linn. — |
Sepals 4-8, coloured, valvate in the bud. Petals none, or ast)

small. Carpels numerous, dry, one-seeded, with hairy or feathery

2 RANUNCULACE& (Harv.) [ Clematis.

Climbing, rarely erect, slender, vinelike shrubs, with opposite, mostly decompound
leaves. Flowers white, purple or blue, solitary or in cymes or panicles. Natives
of the warmer parts of the N. & S. Temperate Zones. One species is wild in Eng-
land, and many are cultivated in gardens. The colonial name for the Cape species
is “ Klimop.” None of the 8. African species have petals, and all have 4 sepals
and feathery seed-tails. They are confined to the districts east of Swellendam. The
generic name Clematis is derived from xAnua, the shoot of a vine.

1. C. Thunbergii (Steud. ;) pubescent, leaves sub-bipinnately
parted ; pinnz distant, leaflets petiolate, ovate, lanceolate or trifid or
3 toothed, the segments mucronulate ; panicles shorter than the leaf ;
jflower buds ovate, acute ; sepals spreading, lanceolate-acuminate ; fila- ©
ments hairy at base ; anthers glabrous, linear. C. triloba, Thunb. Cap.
jide Eck. & Zey. Enum. No.2. Harv. Thes. t. 8.
sont) Woods of Adow, Uitenhage, E. & Z. 1. (v. s. in Herb, T.C.D., Hook.,

md.

A rambling climber, more glabrous than C. brachiata, with less compound leaves,
and readily known from other Cape species by its lanceolate sepals, and pointed and
slightly twisted flower buds.

2. C. brachiata (Thunb. Cap. p. 441. ;) pubescent ; leaves bipin-
nately or tripinnately parted ; pinne distant, trifoliolate, leaflets petio-
late, ovate-acuminate, toothed, the teeth mucronulate ; panicles elon-
gate, spreading ; flower-buds. very obtuse; sepals spreading, elliptical,
pes fi ger ree flat, hairy at base, anthers linear. DC. Prod. 1. p. 6.

er. Bot. Mag. t. 96. E. & Z. No. t. Drege, No. 7594, 7595) 759% 7597°
C. Kerri, Steud. C. Massoniana, DC. Prod. 1. p. 3. : :

Has. Frequent in the country from Swellendam to Port Natal, EB. § Z./ Burke!
Drege! Gueinzius/ &e. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook, Sond.) on

_ Climbing over trees and bushes. The pubescence varies greatly in different spe-
cimens, and the old leaves are frequently nearly smooth. Flowers in long ter-
minal or axillary, naked panicles, whose branches spread at right angles with the
stem. Known from C. Thunbergti by its obtuse buds and sepals; and from C.
Owenie, besides other marks, by the filaments and anthers. The carpels are gla-
brescent, orbicular, compressed and margined, with long, feathery tails.

4 ¢. Stanleyi (Hook. Ie. t. 589); densely albo-tomentose ; leaves
tripinnately parted, pine: 3-4 pairs, multipartile, the lacinie narrow-
“near, simple or cloven ; flowering branches paniculate, the panicle
leafy; peduncles single-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flower-buds
—— “ sepals eter broadly obovate, obtuse or emarginate. =

AB. Macallisberg, Burke / Port Natal, Miss Owen (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.)
_,/* tall, stout, much branched, suberect shrub, thickly clothed in all parts with pale, —
silly, spreading haire. "Leaves densely ach tad ent Ute center shea Paeles

Thalictrum.] RANUNCULACEA (Harv.) 3

terminal, and corymbose. The peduncles are often bracteate in the middle. The
flowers are 14 inches in diameter and seemingly purple (or blue 2). A noble species,
named in compliment to the late Lord Derby by whose collector it was first sent
to oe It was, however, first found by Miss Owen, in the Zooloo Country,
} in 1840. '

UL, THALICTRUM, Tour.

Sepals 4~5, coloured, imbricate in the bud, caducous. Petals, none.
Carpels 4-15, dry, one seeded, tipped with a short beak. DC. Prod. 1,

p. 11.
Herbaceous perennials, with annual, often hollow, erect, branching stems ; alter-
nate, decompound leaves, and panicled flowers of small size ; the stamens con-
spicuous, The species are numerous, dispersed throughout Europe, the temperate
parts of Asia, North America, and on high mountains within the Tropics. Our
only 8S. African species is also a native of a considerable portion of the Northern
Temp. Zone. The generic name is derived from @aAAw, to flourish.

1, T. minus (Linn.) ; glabrous or pubescent ; leaves 3—4-pinnate ;
segments roundish or wedge shaped, variously cleft ; panicle diffuse,
much branched ; anthers mucronate ; carpels 6-8, sessile, oval, strongly
ribbed, tipped with the thickened style. DC. Prod. 1. p. 1 3. Eng.
Bot. t. 11. 7. caffrum, E.& Z.! No.3. T. gracile, E. Mey ! in Herb.
' Drege !

ore Kaffirland, Z. & Z./ Drege / Orange River, Burke / (Herb, T.C.D., Hook.,

nd.

Stems 2-3 feet high, erect, leafy ; branches ending in nearly naked spread-
g panicles of small, pale, purplish flowers. Stamens conspicuous, on hairlike fila-
ments, with large, linear, yellow anthers. Leaves very compound ; leaflets glaucous
on the under side. I cannot distinguish the Cape specimens from the glabrous and
glaucous form of the common 7’. minus of Europe, Asia, and N. Africa.

III, ANEMONE, Hall.

_ Involucre, 2~3 leaved, remote from the flower. Sepals, 5~20, coloured,
unbricate, deciduous. Petals none. Carpels very numerous, densely
capitate, dry, one seeded, with (or without) feathery tails. DO. Prod. 1.
f. 16: Nea

¥ a

.

America ; a few gling into woods, pee et eony plains of the
Moditenduant ies fewer are found in the Southern Hemisphere ; a few
occur on the Andes, and in Southern Chile ; and one in Tasmania. The two Cape
species belong to Decandolle’s section, “‘ Pulsatilloides,” characterise2 by very hairy
carpels, with short, glabrous tails, numerous sepals and small involucres. The -
generic name is derived from aveuos, the wind ; because the flowers are easily blown

to pieces. :

1, A. capensis (Linn.) ; stem short, densely leafy ; leaves bi-ternately | vd halt’ |
cut, glabrescent, ne se stalked, wedge shaped, 3-lobed, or 3- Mn Be re.
parted, deeply cleft ; petioles villous ; flower stalk 1-2 flowered, = 4/6
villous below, woolly above the involucre ; sepals numerous, silky.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 18. Bot. Mag. t. (be Pulsatilla Africana, B. & .

No. 5. Atragene capensis, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 440. Andr. Rep. t. 9.

Var. 8. tenuifolia ; leaves triternately cut, segments multi

Malm! t. 22.

beg,

4 RANUNCULACE (Harv.) [Knowltonia. —

narrow ; flowers smaller. A. tenuifolia, DC. lc, Atragene tenuifolia,
Linn. f. B. &@ 2.1 No.6.

Has. Table Mountain, Thunberg, W.H.H. &c. (common.) 8. Swellendam
LE. d& Z. Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Stems 6-8 inches high, densely covered with leaves, and produced into a long, one
or two-flowered, scapelike peduncle, 2 feet high or more. Leaves on long petioles,
rigid, twice or thrice parted and variously cut. £8. is generally held for a distinct
species ; but I find, in specimens from thé same locality, and even on the same root,
that the leaflets vary much in the degree of incision.

2. A. caffra (Eck. & Zey. Enum. No. 4); stemless ; leaves rigid,
glabrescent, 5~7-lobed, the lobes biserrate ; petioles villous ; flower
stalk one flowered, villous below, densely woolly above the involucre ;
sepals numerous, lanceolate, nearly smooth. Harv. Thes. t. 7. A. alche-
millefolia, LH. Mey ! in Herb. Drege.

Has. Eastern districts and Caffraria, on grassy hills, Z. & Z. / Col. Bolton! and
others. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Leaves several from the woody rootstock. Petioles 3-4 inches long ; lamina sub-

tifid. Flowers 14 inches diameter, rosy white ; sepals 12-18, sparsely silky or
glabrescent.

IV. KNOWLTONIA, Salish.

Involucre none. Sepals 5, green, imbricate, deciduous. Petals
numerous (5-15) flat, with naked claws. Carpels very numerous, capl-
tate, one-seeded ; when ripe becoming fleshy and juicy. Style de-
ciduous. Seed suspended, DC. Prod. 1. p. 23.

Perennial, stemless, herbs, with radical, rigid, ternately decompound leaves ;
branching, cymose or umbellate scapes ; and greenish or yellowish flowers. This
genus is exclusively South African. The species are extremely acrid and the com-
monest ( K. vesicatoria and K. rigida) are popular colonial remedies for rheumatism,
&c. The bruised leaves, applied to the skin, raise an effective blister. Popular
name “ Brand-Blaren,” (see Pappe’s Fl. Cap. Med. Prod. p. 1.) The generic name
is in memory of Mr. Th. Knowlton, a meritorious cultivator, and formerly cura-
tor of Sherard’s famous garden at Eltham.

1. K. vesicatoria (Bot. Mag. t. 775) ; subglabrous ; leaves biternate,
thick, segments ovate or cordate, serrulate or nearly entire, the lateral
ones obliquely truncate at base, subsessile ; peduncles spreading,
umbellate, the umbel compound, many rayed ; pedicels villous ; petals
spathulate, obtuse ; ovaries glabrous, as long as the subulate style. DC.
Prod 1. p. 23. Bot. Reg. t. 930. EH. & Z.! En. No. 8.

Haz. Common near Capetown, and throughout the Colony ? also in Kaffirland,
£. & Z.! &c. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Leaves a foot or more broad ; the leaflets 3 inches long and 2 broad, often nearly
entire. Flowers green. Berries blackish purple. The umbel, is said, by authors,
to be unbranched and few flowered ; but it is more frequently doubly and sometimes
trebly compound, as is well represented in the figure in Bot. Reg. t. 936.

2. K. rigida (Salisb. Prod. 372) ; sparsely hairy ; leaves biternate,
thick, subglabrous, segments vasa sy stint sharply serrate, the
lateral ones obliquely truncate, or cordate at base, subsessile ; pe-
duncles patent, umbellate, the umbel many rayed ; pedicels pubes-
cent or villous ; petals subspathulate, obtuse ; ovaries glabrous, shorter
than the subulate style. Box. : I

. Prod. 1.p.23. Anamenia coriacea, Vent.
SO ae Ses

Or

Ranunculus} — RANUNCULACE (Harv.)

Var. 8. ternata; leaves ternate 4 segments cordate, serrate.

Var. y. simplicifolia ; leaves simple, cordate, serrate, Drege 7604.

Has. In rocky mountain ground, Round Table Mt., &c. ; and at the Paarl,
Drege, W.H.H. &c., Caledon, £. & Z. / Uitenhage and Albany, Zeyher, &c. (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Leaves 6-9 inches broad, on long, somewhat hairy petioles ; the leaflets 1-2 inches
long and nearly glabrous, Umbel varying much in composition and pubescence.—A
smaller and less common plant than X. vesicatoria, with more sharply serrate leaves,
smaller fruits and longer styles. Vars. 8. and y. are remarkable forms, seemingly
depauperated.

3. K. gracilis (DC. Syst. 1. p. 219) ; sparsely hispid ; leaves biter-
nate, segments subglabrous, ovate, acute, sharply serrate, the lateral
ones subsessile, obliquely truncate at base; peduncles tall, erect,
branched near the summit ; petals broadly linear; ovaries densely
setose, half as long as the filiform styles. DC. Prod.1.p.23. Deless.
Ic. 1.t, 19. Eck. & Zey! En. No.9. Drege, No. 7600, 7601 !

Has. Near Constantia, £. &. Z./ at the Paarl and French Hoek, W.H.H.
Dutoits Kloof and Drackenstein, Drege / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook. Sond.)

Petioles and scapes thinly sprinkled with soft, spreading hairs ; leaves nearly
glabrous, except along the veins. Scapes 2 feet high or more. Ovaries densely
ate with rigid, white bristles ; by which character this species is readily known

ep x :

4. K. hirsuta (DC. Syst. 1. p. 220) ; thickly hairy with spreading

; leaves biternate, segments ovate, cuneate at base, sharply

sertate, the lateral ones unequal-sided ; peduncles umbellato-cymose,

their branches long and spreading, simple or divided ; petals very

narrow, acute ; ovaries nearly glabrous, as long as the styles. DC.

Prod. 1. p. 23. B. & Z.! No.to. Burm. Afr. t. 5% / Adonis capensis,
Thunb. Cap. p. 441. K. daucifolia, BE. & Z. 1 No. 11 (non DC.)

Has. Near Capetown, in dry, scrubby places, E. & Z./ W.H.H. &e. (Herb.

T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Every part of the plant densely hairy. Petioles 4-5 inches long, spreading, as
well as the short flower stalks. The ovaries have a few bristles, which soon off.
The flowers are a dingy, greenish yellow.

_5. K. daucifolia (DC. Syst. 1. p. 220) ; sparsely pubescent ; leaves
biternate, rigid, thick, glabrescent, segments bipinnatiid and much
incised, the laciniz linear, with a thickened margin ; flower stalks erect,
umbellate, the umbel compound ; petals obovate, obtuse. DC. Prod. 1.

D. 2360 = .
Has. 8. Africa, Herb. Hook / near George, Dr. Alewander / (Herb. Hook., Alex.)
Root thick and woody. Radical leaves numerous, on laxly villous petioles, 3-4
inches long, the segments petiolate and very much divided in a pinnate or bipinnate
manner, their divisions very narrow. Peduncle much taller than the leaves.
Petals fewer and broader than in the other species, from which this is readily known
by its leaves being as finely divided as those of the narrow-leaved variety of Anemone

capensis. It appears to be of rare occurrence, and was not gathered by Ecklon and ©

Zeyher, whose specimens, distributed under this name, belong to K. hirsuta,

V. RANUNCULUS, Hall. He
Sepals 3-5, green, imbricate in bud, deciduous. Petals 5-10,
with a sania fleshy scale, or a pit near the base, inside, Co

|

6 RANUNCULACEE (Harv.) [ Ranunculus.

very numerous, capitate, dry, one-seeded, mucronate, or horned. Seed
erect. DC. Prod. 1. p. 26.

Annual or perennial herbs, stemless or caulescent, with alternate, multifid or
entire leaves, and yellow or white, rarely red or purple flowers. Inflorescence
various. An immense genus, found in all parts of the world, but most abundant
in the Northern Hemisphere, where they cover the fields, in the low lands, or
ascend to the snow line of the loftiest mountains, or migrate to the shores of the
Polar Sea. Several are water plants, either erect or floating, and most others grow
in moist spots. Few occur within the tropics, and then, chiefly on high mountaims.
The Cape species are mere weeds, One of them (R. pinnatus) called “ Kanker-
blaren” is a colonial remedy for cancerous sores, A naturalized species (2. scelera-
tus) sometimes found about towns in wet ditches in spring, has still more active
qualities, its juice rapidly blistering the skin, and forming a sore difficult to heal.
The generic name Ranunculus, is formed from Rana, a frog ; because many of the
species are amphibious.

1. R. aquatilis (Linn.) ; submerged and floating ; the submersed
leaves multipartite, with narrow-linear, repeatedly forked segments ;
the floating leaves (when present) reniform, trifid or tripartite, their
segments cuneate and crenate ; flowers, white; fruits transversely
wrinkled, minutely pubescent ; receptacle hispid. DC. Prod. 1.p. 26.
E.& Z.! No.12. Drege, 7605! E. Bot. t. 101. & R. fluitans, t.2870!
R. rigidus, Godr. Flora, 24. p. 174. :

Has. In rivers, lakes, ponds, and ditches. Swellendam & Graaf Reynet,
E.& Z./ Kraairivier, Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) a

When growing in ponds or in gently flowing rivers, this plant has both floating
and submersed leaves; in rapid streams only the latter. Several pseudo-species
have been made in Europe from varieties of this common plant, which, under one
formor other, is found throughout Europe, Temperate Asia, N. America, Abys-
sinia and Algeria, and in Australia.

» 2. R. pinnatus (Poir. Dict. 6. p. 126); tall, branching, villous ;
+s ae \, radical leaves pinnately or bi-pinnately cut, hairy, with broadly wedge-
som “4 fys shaped, trifid or laciniate segments ; stem-leaves three-parted, the
: upper ones simple ; flowers panicled ; sepals reflexed ; fruits obovate,
compressed ; margined, minutely tuberculed on the disc, with a short
beak. DC. Prod. 1. p. 42. R. pubescens, Thunb. Cap. p. 443. Eck. &
Zey. | No. 14.
Has. In moist grassy places, Near Capetown, W. H. H. Uitenhage, Zeyher /
Drege ! Albany, 7. Williamson. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
Root fibrous. Radical leaves numerous, on long petioles, either 3 parted with the
middle lobe petiolate, or pinnate, 2 pairs and an odd one, or sub-bipinnate, always
hairy. Stems diffuse, cymoso-paniculate. Carpels sometimes nearly smooth.

3. RB. plebeius (R. Br.) ; tall, branching, villous ; radical leaves on
long petioles ternately cut, with sessile or petiolate 3~5-fid, toothed and
laciniate segments ; stem-leaves similar, the upper ones sessile, trifid or
simple ; flowers panicled, on furrowed peduncles ; sepals reflexed ;
petals 5, obovate ; fruits obovate, compressed, margined, quite smooth,
with a short hooked beak ; receptacle hairy, DC. Prod. 1. p. 39. Hook.
Fl. Nov. Zeal. 1. p. 9. | = |

Has. Southern slopes of the Schneeberg os (Herb. Hook., Sond.)
~_ Nearly (we fear too nearly) related to the aes from which it is chiefly
at its perfectly smooth fruits. It is a native also of Australia and New

Ranunculus. | ANONACEE (Sond.) 7

4, R. capensis (Thunb. Cap. p. 442); small, subsimple, villous ;
radical leaves few, 3-lobed or 3-parted, with wedgeshaped trifid seg-
ments ; stem-leaves one or two, petiolate, 3-parted and cut ; flower-
stalks opposite the leaves, slender, one flowered ; sepals spreading ;
fruits orbicular, subcompressed, margined, quite smooth, with a short
style. Eck. & Zey. ! En. No. 13.

Has. In moist places, amo: . Aug. Sep. Among the 7 ia Caput
Meduse, at stores Canes: Beklon. / WH / es fe Clawilion,
E. &. Z.1 (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

small annual. Radical leaves 3 or 6. Stems scapelike, 3-6 inches high,

“orem longer than the root-leaves ; mostly bearing 1~2 leaves and a solitary small
ower.

5. R. sceleratus (Linn.) ; glabrous, erect, panicled ; radical leaves on
long petioles, roundish, tripartite, with wedgeshaped, incised, obtuse
lobes ; stem-leaves tripartite, sessile ; sepals reflexed ; fruits subrotund,
smooth, in an oval-oblong head ; receptacle hairy. DC. Prod. 1. p. 34.
£. Bot, t. 68.

Has. Wet ditches, near Capetown (introduced ) in Sep.—Oct.

Enumerated by Ecklon and Zeyher, as having been found “on the banks of the
Zwartkops River, Uitenhage ;” but the specimen so ticketed in Ecklon’s Herbarium
(now Herb. Sonder.) belongs to R. pinndtus. I have seen this plant formerly in
ditches near Capetown, but neglected to preserve specimens. It is a very common
European and Asiatic weed. ;

6. R. Meyeri (Harv.) ; nearly glabrous, creeping by runners ; radical
leaves on long petioles, fleshy, cordate or reniform, crenate, glabrous ;
petioles villous ; peduncles scapelike, one flowered ; sepals reflexed ;
petals several, linear-lanceolate, acute ; fruits smooth, ovate, subcarinate,
Shortly beaked. Ficaria radicans, E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege.
oe Kat-berg, in grassy places 3-4000 ft. November. Drege / (Herb. T.C.D.,

00 x, s . e

Crown emitting prostrate runners which root at the joints. Petioles 2-3 inches
me 2 more or less hairy ; leaves few. Scapes about as long as the leaves, quite

Carpels few, convex. This has much of the habit of a Casalea.

Orver Il. ANONACEZ:. Rich.
Anone, Juss. Gen. 283. Anonacew, Rich—DC. Prod. 1. p. 83.—
Endl Gen. Pl. No. clxxiv. Lindl. Veg. King. clii.)
Flowers perfect, or rarely unisexual. Sepals 3, hypogynous, mostly
valvate in the bud, separate or united at base. Petals six, in two
rows (rarely only three, or altogether wanting,) valvate or imbricate,

separate or united at base. Stamens very numerous, in many rows ;
filaments very short ; anthers consolidated with the thickened and

produced apex of the filament, erect, two celled, opening longitudi-
nally. Durie numerous (rarely definite or solitary,) sessile, separate _

or cohering, one celled ; ovules one or several, sutural,
styles scarcely any ; stigmas separate or united. Fruit various : ca
_ sessile or stalked, separate, or confluent into a multicellula

8 ANONACEH (Sond.) [ Uvaria.

pulpy fruit, mostly indehiscent. Seeds with copious, ruminated al-
bumen, and a minute basal embryo

Trees, or shrubs ; the latter erect, or climbing, or trailing ; leaves alternate, sim-
ple, entire, without stipules ; flowers terminal or axillary, solitary, or few together,
green or brown ;

An Order consisting almost exclusively of Tropical trees and shrubs, remarkable
for a strong aromatic taste and smell; and many of them yielding edible fruits.
It is easily recognised by the invariable ternary composition of the floral envelopes ;
the densely packed and very short stamens, the numerous ovaries, and the ruminated
albumen: and by the no less constant characters of the foliage. An admirable
analysis is given by Hooker and Thomson in Flora Indica, p. 86, where these
authors estimate the number of species at about 600 ; of which about 250 may be
Eastern, 250 American, and 100 from Tropical and sub-Tropical Africa, The most
- Northern species is Asimina pygmea, found on the South coast of Lake Erie ; and
the most southern appears to be the curious Eupomatia lawina, found in N. 8.
Wales (Lat. 35° S.) Only two species have yet been detected in extra tropical
S. Africa,

Among the cultivated fruits of the Order, the Custard apples of the East and
West Indies and the cherimoyer of Peru are the most remarkable ; the latter is one
of the most delicious of subtropical fruits. It would probably succeed well at the
- Cape in sheltered places with a warm exposure, as it ripens freely in Mr. MacLeay’s
garden, at Sydney, N.S. Wales.

.TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

» I. Uvaria.—Petalsimbricate. Ovaries multiovulate. Fruits pulpy or dry, mostly

many seeded.
Il. Guatteria.—Petals valvate. Ovaries uniovulate. Fruits dry, one seeded.

I. UVARIA, L. Endl.

Sepals 3, valvate in estivation, often connate at base. Petals 6, in
two rows, equal or unequal, imbricated in zstivation, often cohering at
base. -Stamens indefinite, in many rows, compressed, oblong or dineat-
oblong, the anther-cells linear, the connective produced into an oblong,
expanded or truncate and short process, Zorus scarcely elevated,
truncate, pubescent, often densely tomentose between the ovaries.
Ovaries indefinite, straight, linear-oblong, angular, furrowed on the
inner side, crowned with a continuous, truncate style, with involute
margins, viscid on the stigma ; ovules indefinite, in two rows. Carpels
many seeded, sometimes, by abortion, few, or one seeded. Hook. &

Thoms. Fl. Ind.p.95. Endl. Gen. No. 4717. : :

Climbi pa Maeda with stellate pubescence. Flowers mostly opposite

the leaves, rarel: . A large genus, confined to the tropical and subtropical
regions of the Eastern Hemisphere. The name is an alteration of Uva, a cluster of

1. U. caffra (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege) ; young twigs, petioles and
peduncles ower with edlwaaitee, Spee cn ele ; branches
and branchlets spreading ; leaves on short petioles ovate-oblong or
oblong, acute at each end, subcoriaceous, with netted veins ; peduncles
opposite the leaves, solitary, icels few, recurved ; berries oval or
roundish, 2-3 seeded ; seeds plano-convex. _ 3 Bier

Has. In woods, near Port Natal. April. Drege. (Herb, Sond.)

Branches and twigs round. Tense uae Renae ek a inches long, ©

i oe e

a ea

Guatteria.] MENISPERMACEA (Harv.) 9

inch wide ; petiole 1-2 lineslong. Peduncles 6-8 lines long, thickish. Pedicels 2
lines long. Torus thickish. Berries fleshy, as large as cherries. Seeds horizontal,
shining, 3} lines long.

Il. GUATTERIA. R. & P. Endl.

Sepals 3, rounded or ovate, small. Petals 6, in two rows valvate in

_ estivation, flat, ovate, oblong or linear. Stamens indefinite, broadly

wedgeshaped, with a truncate, capitate connective ; anther-cells dorsal,
remote. Ovaries numerous, oblong ; ovule solitary, basal, erect. Style
oblong, furrowed at base, on the inside. Torus little raised, plano-
convex, sometimes hollow in the centre. Carpels dry, with a thin and
often brittle pericarp. Seed erect. Hook. & Thoms. Fl. Ind. p. 138.
Endl. Gen. No. 4721.

Trees, often of large size, or shrubs—(sometimes climbing) various in habit ;
leaves obliquely nerved. Flowers axillary or opposite the leaves. A large i
and subtropical genus, with species in both hemispheres. Name in honour of J. B.
Guatteri, an early Italian botanist, once Professor at Parma.

1, G. caffra. (Sond.) ; twigs, petioles and nerves of the leaves at
first appressedly hispidulous ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, obtuse,
acute or acuminate, obtuse at base, paler on the under side ; peduncles
opposite the leaves, solitary, very short, bifid, the longer branch
bracteate ; pedicels 2-4, recurved; carpels oval-oblong, apiculate,
glabrous, somewhat longer than the stalk, one-seeded. Unona caffra,
E. Mey. in Pl. Drege. ,

Has. Woods at Omsamwubo and Port Natal; Feb. Apl. Drege, Gueinzius
(Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Branches glabrous, tuberculated with white warts: twigs flexuous, round.
Petioles erectopatent, 2 lines long. Leaves 3-4 inch long, 1-1} inch wide, the
lower ones on the branches smaller, very entire, membranaceous, netted veined,
glabrous above, the nerves prominent below, and at first covered with close-pressed
reddish hairs. Peduncles opposite the leaves or a agape! a line long, divided
into two spreading arms 4 inch long. Pedicels 2 lines long, thickish. Flowers un-
known. Torus dilated, 2 lines wide. Carpels 2-4, glabrous, greenish, minutely
Sagem 3 lines long, minutely apiculate, with a thin pericarp. Seed erect.—

ot unlike @. suberosa, Dun. Probably, the supposed Popowia from Natal, alluded
to by Hook. & Thoms. ( Fl. Ind. p. 105) is the same as our plant.

Orper II, MENISPERMACEZ, DC.
ok (By W. H. Harvey.)
(Menispermez, Jus. Gen. 284. Menispermacee, D.C. Prod. 1. p. 95. _
Endl. Gen. Pl. No. clxxii, Lindl. Veg. King. civ.) ~
Flowers minute, unisexual, usually dioecious. Sepals 2-12, in one
or two or several rows, separate, or rarely united at base, almost always
imbricate. Petals mostly shorter than the sepals, equalling them in
number, or fewer, imbricate, sometimes none, sometimes united into a
cup-shaped corolla. Stamens (in the male flowers) as many, or twice,
or thrice as many as the sepals ; filaments free or united into a column
anthers opening outwards, either vertical or horizontal, adnate with
filament. Ovaries (in the female flowers) mostly three, rarely

10. . MENISPERMACES (Harv.) [ Homocnemia.

sometimes six or more, separate or connate ; ovules solitary, mostly
amphitropous ; styles terminal subulate. Fruits drupaceous, oblique
or crescent-shaped ; putamen indurated, horseshoe-shaped, the seed
filling up the cavity. Albwmen variable in quantity, sometimes none ;
embryo curved, cotyledons either divergent or close.

Climbing or twining, slender, shrubby plants, with alternate, simple, often pal-
mate-nerved, reticulately veined, entire leaves, without stipules. Flowers very
green or white, in axillary cymes or racemes, rarely solitary, and almost always

These plants are chiefly natives of the tropical parts of Asia and America ; very
few comparatively are African. One is found in Canada, and two more in the ~
United States of N. America ; one in Eastern Siberia, and a few in China and
Japan. Several species occur in Australia. Dr. Hooker (Ft. Ind. p. 174) computes
the whole number at about 200. These are distributed by Mr. Miers (An. Nat.
Hist. 2nd ser. Vol. VII. p. 33.) into forty genera, of which three, belonging to the
tribe CISSAMPELIDE® are found in 8. Africa. I am indebted to Mr. Miers for MS.
descriptions of Homocnemia and Antizoma, which I have freely used in drawing up
the characters and descriptions.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

> I, Homocnemia,— Fem. flower with four petals and four sepals.

II. Cissampelos.— Fem. jl. with one petal, opposite the single sepal.

. IIL. Antizoma.—“Fem, fl. with two petals.” Miers.

*

I, HOMOCNEMIA. Miers.

“ Flowers dioecious. Male fl, unknown. Female; Sepals 4, obovate,
hairy on the outside, opposite in pairs, imbricate in estivation. Petals
4, much shorter than the sepals, roundish, fleshy, hypogynous. Stamens
none. Ovary solitary, ovate, on a short stipe, compressed, with a longi-
tudinal furrow on one side, unilocular, uniovulate ; the ovule attached
a : Mog placenta. Style very short, obtusely emarginate.” fiers

. in litt.

A vine-like twiner, with peltate leaves ; and flowers in axillary, compound umbels.
The generic name is compounded of ‘ouos, like and xvnuta, the spoke of a wheel ; in
allusion to the umbellate inflorescence.

1. H. Meyeriana (Miers MSS.) and in An. Nat. Hist. Ser. 2. vol.
VIL p. 40. Cissampelos umbellata, E. Mey, ! in Herb. Drege.

Has. On the Omsamwubo, Natal 1,000-2,000ft. Feb. Drege! (Herb. Hooker.)
_ Stems yoluble, distantly branched, striate, densely clothed with short, rusty
pubescence, becoming subglabrous. Leaves on long petioles broadly peltate, ovate-
orbicular, subacute, mucronulate, pubescent, many nerved, ‘and reticulated on the
lower surface. Peduncles of the fem. fi. axillary, shorer than the les,
umbellate ; umbel few-rayed, twice compounded, the pedicdls tomentose. Flowers
minute ; sepals broadly obovate or rhomboid, subacute, keeled at back, thrice a8
pen as the mpery ee obtuse ar drapes orb, glabrous and
quite even.— Readily known from the S. African pl Order by its peltate
leaves and umbellate flowers. — .
| IL. CISSAMPELOS. Linn
Flowers dioecious. Male: Sepals 4, separate. Corolla cupshaped,

nearly entire, shorter than the sepals (composed of 4 confluent petals.)
Stamens united into a central eee the summit and bear

Ue

Cissampelos.| § MENISPERMACEX (Harv.) 11

ing 4~12 anther-lobes, which open horizonally and outwards. Female ;

one, anterior. Petal one (or two-confluent) in front of the sepal,
half clasping the ovary. Ovary single, one-ovuled, style trifid. Drupe
kidney-shaped ; nut compressed and wrinkled at edges. DC. Prod. 1.

p. 100.

Suberect or twining, slender, shrubby plants. Leaves simple petiolate, very
entire, minutely reticulate, ovate or reniform or cordate, often peltate. Male
flowers in axillary cymes ; females (on separate roots) racemose, densely tufted in
the axils of leafy bracts. Natives of the tropics of both hemispheres ; a few strag-
gling into the warmer parts of the temperate zone. Name from xiocos, the ivy, and
aumedos, the vine ; aptly expressing the aspect of these plants.

1. C. Pareira ae Sp. 1473 ;) voluble, pubescent or densely tomen-
tose ; leaves renitorm or cordate, mucronulate, pubescent ; male cymes
pedunculate, much branched ; racemes of female flowers elongated,
with large, leafy, cordate bracts ; drupes hispid. DC. Prod. 1. p. 100.
Hook, and Thoms! Fl. Ind.1. p. 198. C. apiculata, Hochst! Walp.5. p. 17.

Has. Port Natal, Krauss (232)! Gueinzivs/ (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

Very variable in the amount of its pubescence, &c. The Natal specimens examined
have cordate-reniform leaves, pubescent on the upper and densely velvetty on the
lower surface, The number of anther lobes varies in the same cyme from 4-8. The
corolla is 4 toothed. The sepals hairy, obovate, with inflexed points.

2. C. torulosa (E. Mey ! in Pl. Drege ;) voluble, subglabrous ; leaves
broadly reniform, pointless, glabrous or sparsely pubescent, pale under-
neath and conspicuously reticulated; male cymes pedunculate, few

flowered, sepals nearly glabrous ; racemes of female flowers elongate,

with large, leafy, reniform bracts ; drupes pedicellate, glabrous, tuber-
culated, Menispermum capense, Thunb. Cap. p. 402. LE. & Z! No. 18.

Has. Eastern Districts. Caffirland to Port Natal, 2. & Z/ Drege! Gueinzius/
(Herb. 'T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A slender, distantly branched, vinelike climber, either quite glabrous or thinly
sprinkled, with close pressed hairs, especially on the lower of the leaves.
Petioles 2-3 inches long. Inflorescence of both kinds supra-axillary, with a gland —
below the base of the peduncle. ae

8. C. Capensis (Thunb. Prod. p. 110) ; shrubby, densely branched,
partly voluble ; ire petioled, ovate or roundish, obtuse or subacute,
glabrous or pubescent ; male cymes much shorter than the leaves ;
umbels of female flowers axillary, sessile ; drupes glabrous. Thunb. Cap.
p.5o1. E.d& Z.! No. 16. Drege. 7591, 7592, 7593- DC. Prod. 1.
p. 102. C. fruticosa, Thunb.l.c.p. 500. H.& Z.!No.17. C. humilis,

Poir, DC. Le.

Var. 8, pulverulenta ; leaves pubescent on both sides.

Has. Frequent throughout the colony, in stony and bushy places (Herb. T.C.D.)
A small, erect or spreading, much and closely branched shrub ; the er .
trailing or twining round other shrubs. Young twigs downy. Leaves 4-} inch long,
on slender, downy petioles, Flowers very minute, densely woolly, crowded in the —

axils of the leaves.—Colonial name, Davidjés: the roots are emetic and purgative;

the leaves poisonous to cattle (Pappe).
| IML ANTIZOMA, Miers
“ Flowers dicecious. Males : Sepals 4, obovate-wedge-form,

i2 MENISPERMACEZ (Harv.) [Antizoma. —

long as the petal. Petal single, cup-shaped, depressed, crenulate at
the margin, somewhat fleshy. Staminal column as in Cissampelos :
anther-lobes 4-10. Female: Sepals 2, opposite, ovate, very concave, fleshy,
slightly imbricate in estivation. Petals 2, opposite the sepals, minute,
scale-like, orbicular, fleshy, hypogynous. Ovary single, obovate, sub-
compressed, conical above. Style none. Stigma obsolete, or obtusely
2-lobed. The fruit unknown.”—Mier's MSS. in litt.

Small, South African shrubs, erect or somewhat twining ; the branches mostly
virgate. Leaves alternate, sometimes very small, linear or oblongo-lanceolate, very
entire, opaque, leathery, on short petioles ; the petiole with a short spine at base,
on the outside. Inflorescence axillary ; flowers very minute. The generic name 18
composed of avr1, opposite, and (wpa, a vestwre ; ‘ from the position of the sepals in
regard to each other, and from the petals being again opposed to them.”—Meers.

1. A. calcarifera (Miers) ; “erect, branching ; twigs virgate, striate,
the younger downy ; leaves elliptic-oblong, rounded at both extremi-
ties, emarginate or mucronulate, with revolute margins, leathery; nerves
few, parallel, patent-oblique, uniting toward the margin, immersed ;
petiole nearly obsolete, pubescent, the infra-petiolar spine very short,
acute, reflexed ; male flowers few, fascicled on a very short axillary
peduncle.” —Miers. Cissampelos calcarifera, Burch. in DC. Prod. 1. p. 102-

Has. 8. Africa, Burchell, (Cat. 1798 & 2829.) (Herb. Burchell.)

The leaves are 5-10 lines long, very minutely glandularly-rugose and sparingly
cinereo-puberulent on each side, 3 lines broad, rounded at the extremities; the
petiole scarcely } line long.— Miers. :

2. A. Burchelliana. (Miers); “somewhat climbing, twigs slender, pu-
bescent ; leaves lanceolate, the upper ones narrower, obtuse at each end,
mucronulate, the subsinuate margin scarcely revolute ; nerves few,
very slender, arching obliquely from a subprominent midrib ; petiole
rather short, pubescent ; the spine obtuse, strong (inch long) subre-
flexed, much longer than the petiole.” MMiers.

Has. 8. Africa, Burchell. (Cat. 1795. bis.). (Herb. Burch.) :

“Tn habit this plant is very different from the preceding species, that being a low
erect shrub, while this has slender, scandent branches: in the former species the
nervures are immersed and scarcely perceptible,’ short and very patent; here they
are more parallel with the leaf and slightly prominent. The leaves are comparatively
large, 3 inches long, and from } to ¢ inch broad, brownish-green, glandularly-

rugulose and thinly pubescent at each side: the petiole is g-inch long; the very

obtuse spine is about an inch in length ; the distance of the internodes about an

_3. A{Harveyana‘(Miers) ; “ stem erect, slightly scandent ; branches
virgate, striate, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, the upper ones gradually
narrower, obtuse at the apex, mucronate, thickish, the young puberu-
lent, the older glabrous on both sides and glandularly rugulose, the
underside glaucescent, the margin revolute ; nerves obsolete ; petiole
very short, armed at base with a short, acute, reflexed spine ; male
inflorescence axillary, peduncle solitary, twice as long as the petiole,
flowers capitate-crowded.” Miers. MSS. ,
Has. Interior of S. Africa. Crocodile River, Burke. (Herb. — T.C.D.).

_ “This species is sufficien tly distinct inict from the two" appears to have

Antizoma. | NYMPHAACEX (Harv.) 13

long, 2-3 lines broad, the petiole being scarcely a line in length ; the flowers are
male, with four smooth sepals, a small cupuli-form petal, with a crenulated border,
and a ten-lobed, peltate anther.” Miers.

4. A. angustifolia (Miers) ; “climbing, the stem striate, glabrous,
leaves broadly linear, rounded at point, often emarginate, mucronate,
leathery, quite glabrous at both sides ; petiole short, armed with a short,
obtuse, reflexed spine ; peduncles in pairs, axillary, very short, gla-
brous, one flowered.” Miers.

Has, 8. Africa, Burchell (Cat. No. 1717). (Herb. Burch.)

“ The leaves are 16 lines long and 2 lines broad, on a glabrous petiole, a line in
length.” Miers.

5. A. Miersiana (Harv.) ; suberect, glabrous and glaucous; the
stem striate ; leaves lineari-cuneate, tapering to an acute base, rounded
at point, either emarginate or mucronulate, leathery, with recurved
margins, smooth above, cinereo-rugulose below, with immersed veins ;
petiole armed with a blunt, conical, hardened tubercle ; peduncles
(of male flowers) longer than the petiole, cymose, several-flowered.
Cissampelos angustifolia, Drege Pl. :

Has. Between Zwartdoorn river and Groenrivier, under 1000 f., Drege, (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook.)

A much branched, small shrub, with rigid and thick leaves, scarcely an inch long
and two lines broad at the point, taperimg much toward the base; the margins
thickened ; the under-surface slightly concave. Male peduncles twice as long as
the petiole ; the cyme branched. Sepals ovate, warted externally ; anther-lobes
pape four. The spine or spur in this species is degenerated into a mere, hardened

u e.

Orver IV. NYMPHASACEZ., Salish.
(By W. H. Harvey).

(Salish. Ann. Bot. 2. p. 69. DC. Prod. 1. p. 113. Endl. Gen. PL No.
clxxxv, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. cxlviii.) pres

Flowers bisexual, of large size. Sepals 4-5, separate or united at
base, free, or adhering to the fleshy receptacle (torus) which surrounds
the ovary. Petals numerous, in several rows, the inner ones narrower
and shorter, gradually assuming the appearance of stamens. Stamens
inserted within the petals, indefinite, in several rows ; filaments flat
and petaloid ; anthers adhering to the face of the filament, two celled,
opening longitudinally inwards. Carpels numerous, immersed in the
fleshy receptacle, and thus united into a plurilocular ovary, crowned
with radiating sessile, linear stigmas, alternating with the dissepiments,
Ovules very numerous, anatropal, affixed to both surfaces of the dissepi-
ments. Fruit baccate, many celled, indehiscent. Seeds with much
flowery albumen, anda minute embryo, lodged within a proper sac, near
the base of the seed. a

Water plants with prostrate, rooting and rootlike submerged stem, and floating

14 PAPAVERACEE (Harv.) [ Vymphea.

lily of South America ( Victoria Regia) has peltate leaves, six feet in diameter, 80
admirably buoyed up by a system of ribs and veins of peculiar structure that each
leaf is capable of supporting on the surface of the water the weight of a full-grown
man. The seeds of all the Order are edible, containing much fecula. The root-
stocks are astringent, and have been used for tanning leather. The flowers of all
are remarkably handsome, and of many are sweetly scented. :

; : I. NYMPHZA, Linn.

Sepals 4, inserted at the base of a fleshy, bottle-shaped receptacle in
which the carpels are immersed. Petals and Stamens numerous, in seve-
ral rows, covering the sides of the receptacle. Ovary many celled ;
stigmata sessile, radiating. Berry leathery, irregularly bursting ; seeds
indefinite, lodged in pulp, albuminous. DC. Prod. 1. p. 114+

Waiter plants, with submerged, prostrate rhizomes, throwing up leaves and flowers
to the surface. Leaves on long, terete petioles, cordate or peltate. Flowers on
simple peduncles, large and showy, white, red or blue, never yellow ; floating, or
standing out of the water. Natives of the temperate zones, rare within the tropics.
Name from Nuyudaia, the flower of the nymphs, because found in clear waters.

1. N. stellata (Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. p. 1153); leaves orbicular or
elliptical, deeply cordate at base, sinuately dentate or entire, veiny
below; sepals lanceolate, nerved ; petals lanceolate, acute ; anthers
with subulate points; stigma 12-20 rayed, the rays prolonged
into short horns, 1. Ind. 1.431. Bot. Mag.t.2058. N. scutifolia,
DC. Prod. t. p. 114. N. Capensis, Thunb. Cap.p. 431. EH. & Z.! No. 19.

Q:. . cerulea, Andr. Rep. t.197. Bot. Mag. t. 552. edu Yad
> Rute Has. In rivers and lakes. Zeekoe Valley, Cape ; Zwartkops R, Uitenhage; &c. a sage |

Re E. & Z.! W.H.H. Schonstone, Burke? (Herb. T.C.D., Hook, Sond.)
, G Leaves leathery, 9-12 inches long and nearly as wide, the basal lobes often over-
Nelo lapping, sometimes elegantly scolloped, sometimes nearly or quite entire, usually
eS purple on the lower surface. Flowers standing out of the water, blue or rarely white,
sweetly scented. Petals variable in breadth and sharpness.—I willingly follow the

authors of Flora Indica in uniting the above synonyms.

OrdER V. PAPAVERACEZ, Juss.
(By W. H. Harvey).

_(Papaveracee, Juss. Gen. 236. DC. Prod. 1. p. 117. Endl. Gen. Pl.
No. clxxx. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. elvi.)
Sepals 2, rarely 3, separate, deciduous. Petals 4-6, hypogynous, rarely
wanting. Stamens mostly indefinite, rarely definite, adhering in parcels
to the base of the petals ; filaments slender ; anthers two celled, basi-_
fixed, erect, opening wise. Ovary free, one celled, composed of
2 or many carpels ; placente parietal, often projecting far into the
cavity, and in Romneya nearly meeting in the centre ; ovules numerous,
anatropal or amphitropal ; style single or none ; stigmas as many 25
the carpels, radiating. Frwit a dry capsule (rarely berried) variously
dehiscent, or indehiscent. Seeds numerous ; albumen copious, between
fleshy and oily ; embryo minute, basal. Oe ag

Herbaceous or very rarely shrubby plants, with a coloured, narcotic juice. Leaves

Natives chiefly of the Northern Hemisphere, poeta

Papaver.} FUMARIACEZ (Harv.) 15

zone, especially in the Eastern Continent. Several genera are peculiar to North
America. Very few are found south of the equator. Argemone Mexicana, originally
from the new world, has become naturalized throughout the tropics and sub-tropics
of both hemispheres. Opium is the well known product of the Poppy : and similarly
narcotic properties prevail throughout the Order. Some are violently acrid poisons.
Only one species occurs in S. Africa.

; I. PAPAVER, Linn.

Sepals 2-3, convex, deciduous. Petals 4-6, crumpled in the bud.
Stamens indefinite. Ovary obovate, crowned with 4-20, radiating, linear,
sessile stigmata. Capsule oblong, dry, opening by small pores under the
stigmata ; placente projecting into the cavity and dividing it into
several incomplete chambers. Seeds very numerous. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 117. ;

_ Annual or perennial herbs, with milky juice, often prickly, roughly hispid. Leaves
Pinnatifid, variously cut; peduncles axillary, one-flowered. Flowers red, yellow,
white or purple, or parti-coloured. Poppies abound in Europe and Temperate Asia ; one
(P. nudicaulis ) is found within the Arctic Circle; one in South Africa, and another,
very similar to it, in Australia. Named, it is said, because Opium (we hope not
always) “‘ is administered to children with pap (papa in Celtic) to induce sleep.”

1. P. aculeatum (Thunb. Fl Cap. p. 431); capsules glabrous, a
oblong-obovate ; sepals hispid ; stem erect, branched, densely covered gee
with spreading, rigid, unequal bristles ; leaves setoso-hispid, sinuately
pinnatifid, with spine-tipped lacinie. #.d&Z. ! No. 20. P. Gariepi-
num, Burch. in DC. Prod. i. p. 119.

Has. Sandy ground near rivers, in the Northern and Eastern Districts. Orange
River, Burchell, E. & Z.! Burke | Uitenhage, E. & Z. / On the Cowie, Albany, 7.
Williamson ! Outeniquas, George; Thunb. (Herb. T.C.D.)

Root annual. Radical leaves numerous, rosulate, tapering at base into a broad,
flat petiole, sinuate or deeply pinnatifid, setose, and armed on the nerves with
strong, erect, yellow bristles. Stemleaves sessile, clasping, very hispid. Stem 1-4
feet high, rough with bristles and rigid hairs. Flowers on a long naked peduncle.
Petals a “ scarlet-orange” (Burch.).

Orper VI. FUMARIACEH. DC.
: (By W. H. Harvey). —
'umariaces, DC., Syst. 2. p. 105. Prodr. x. p. 125. Endl. Gen. Pl.
aia Papen tk | Lindl Vee, Kingd. No. clviii.)

Sepals 2, deciduous, squameform. Petals 4, cruciate, one or both of
the outer pair saccate at base ; the inner pair callous and hooded at
the apex, where they cohere and enclose the anthers and stigma.
Stamens diadelphous, 3 in each parcel, opposite the outer petals.
Ovary free, one celled, one or many ovuled ; ovules parietal, amphi-
tropal ; style filiform. wit various, dry ; either a one-seeded nut or
a many seeded bivalve or indehiscent pod. Seeds often crested, with _
copious, fleshy albumen, and a minute, excentric embryo. ee a

Herbaceous with fibrous or tuberous roots ; w ing, brittle, ==
Score gp Gener Pea ped ied kee
stipules, the petioles often changed into branching tendrils. Flowers.
the S. African species) of small size, white, pink or purple, or yellow. —

“Pa

16 FUMARIACEZ (Harv.) [Cysticapnos.

A small group, often considered as a suborder of Papaveracee, which they closely
approach in technical characters, but from which they differ very much in aspect, ,
and in sensible properties. They are completely destitute of the narcotic juices so
characteristic of Papaveracee ; and their flowers (except in Hypecoum ) are highly
irregular. Each parcel of stamens consists of one whole and two half stamens ;
the normal number is therefore four, not six ; but the latter is the apparent num-
ber, except in Hypecoum. They are chiefly natives of the Northern Temperate zone,
especially of the Eastern Hemisphere. About 120 species, grouped under 12 (or
15) genera are known to Botanists. Of the four South African genera, two
( Cysticapnos and Discocapnos ) are peculiar to the Cape. Corydalis and Fumaria are
nearly cosmopolitan. None are of much importance to mankind but several are
cultivated in Europe as ornamental plants.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.
* Fruit a many-seeded, dehiscent capsule.

I. Cysticapnos.—Capsule bladdery, sub-globose.
Il. Corydalis.—Capsule lanceolate, compressed.

** Fruit a one-seeded, indehiscent utricle.

, IIT, Discocapnos.— Utricle flattened, orbicular.

IV, Fumaria.— Utricle subglobose.

2 I. CYSTICAPNOS, Boerh.

Petals 4, the posterior one spurred at base. Se nie 2-valved,
bladdery ; epicarp inflated, spongy within ; endocarp delicately mem-

\ branous, supported by slender filaments in the centre of the cavity,

and bearing, at the margins, many seeded placenta. Seeds compressed,
beaked, shining. DC. Prod. 1. p. 126.

A succulent climbing herb, with decompound cirrhiferous leaves, peculiar to the
Cape. The seed bag is curiously suspended within an inflated membranous capsule
by means of cords, Name from xvotis a bladder and xanvos, smoke, or (MD
botanical language) the herb Fumitory.

1. C. africana, (Gaertn. Fruct. 2. p. 161. t. 115) ; DC. Syst. 2. p. 112.
Prod. 1. p. 126. E.& Z.! No. 21. Fumaria vesicaria, Thunb. Cap.
P- 554

Haz. In bushy places. Common near Capetown. Stellenbosch and Zwellen-
dam, #. & Z. / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Annual. Stem voluble, very long, climbing through bushes, irregularly branched.
Leaves pinnately decompound, ending in a branched tendril ; pairs of pinne about
three, the lowest pair close to the stem, stalked, once or twice ternate, with broadly
cuneate and deeply lobed segments. Peduncles opposite the leaves, gradually

lengthening. Flowers white. Sepals 2, deltoid, acuminate, cordate at base,
toothed or entire. C; pendulous, an inch in diameter, globose,

thon pestly: Silo sine mt ett —— = spongy on the inside, the inflated por-
Petals 4, the posterior one spurred at base. Capsule podshaped, com-
pressed, one celled, bivalve ; valves separating from a_ persistent,
placentiferous replum of frame.) Seeds numerous, lenticular, beaked.
ides 1.p.126. Phacocapnos, Bernh. Linn. 12. p. 664. Endl. Gen.
or ‘ : e ; ace

-

i

-

_ Pode are slightly warted from the pressure of the seeds, and the later are

Corydalis. | FUMARIACE (Harv.) 17

America. The South African species have been separated from the rest by

Bernhardi, under the name Phacocapnos, because their seeds are destitute of arillus

or strophiolus. We think this separation unnecessary. From the base of the

synema (or compound filament) a horn-like body extends backwards into the cavity of

the spur of the posterior petal; in the other genera this is represented by a single

- double gland, absent in Fumaria. Name ; xopvdadis, the Greek word for
umitory.

1. C.Cracea (Schl. Linn. 1. p. 567) ; climbing ; leaves bipinnate, R
cirrhose ; pinne tripartite, with cuneate or obovate, twice or thrice cut, set §
obtuse, mucronulate, glaucous segments ; petals all of equal length, Ary 1b fy
connivent and cucullate at the apex, the posterior one saccate at base; pods
lanceolate, pendulous. 2. & Z. / No. 22. Cor. levigata, E. Mey.! also
Drege, 7586! 7587. Phac. Cracca and Ph. Dregeana, Bernh. in Linn. 12.

Pp. 004.

Has. Among shrubs and in shady places. At the Waterfall, Devil’s Mountain,
near Capetown, W.H.H. Caledon, Uitenhage and Albany, £.4 Z./ Mrs. Barber.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
Annual. Stems weak and straggling, climbing among shrubs by means of
branching tendrils. Leaves irregularly 2-3 pinnate, Flowers flesh coloured, with
dark tips, small : the raceme at first short and nearly sessile, in fruit lengthened and
sis, 4 than the leaf. Spur of the posterior petal very short and round. Seed
without aril. ‘<

2. C. pruinosa (E. Mey. ! in Herb. Drege); climbing ; leaves bi-
tripinnate, cirrhose ; pinnz multifid, with cuneate or linear variously
lobed, obtuse, glaucous segments ; flowers bilabiate, the outer petals
longest, the posterior one ovate, empanded, with a reflexed oblong spur,
the anterior obovate, pitted in the middle ; pods broadly lanceolate,
acuminate, pendulous. Phac. pruinosus, Bernh, l.c.

Has. On the Witberg, 45000 ft. ; and near Enon, Uitenhage, 500 ft. Drege /

nge River, Burke / Novr. Janr. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) —

Tn aspect much reaceobling ©. Cracca, but with more finely decompound leaves,
and differing essentially in form of the petals. The flowers are larger than in
C. Cracca, and apparently white. Posterior petal with a broadly ovate, reflexed
limb, forming the upper lip of the flower, and an oblong very wide and blunt spur
of 3 its length, bent upwards ; the anterior petal, forming lower lip of flower, with
a narrow linear claw, and ovate limb, in the middle of which is a deep pit on the
inner side and a corresponding prominence on the outer. Lateral petals spoon-
shaped, adhering at the apex and mucronulate. fe eae AE Sreeerior.-

3. C. Burmanni (Eck. and Zey. ! En. No. 23) ; climbing ; leaves
bi-tripinnate, cirrhose ; pinne ternately parted, with broadly cuneate
and deeply trifid, mucronulate segments, somewhat glaucous ; racemes
few-flowered ; flowers bilabiate, the outer petals very much expanded,
obovate-orlicular, the posterior one with a minute gibbosity at base ;
pods broadly lanceolate, pedunculate, erect. Drege, 7588. also Cysticapnos
grandiflora, E. Mey. |! in Herb. Drege.

Has. Saldanha Bay, and near Brackfontein, Clanwilliam, Z. & Z. / Uit-Komst,
2~3000 ft. Drege! Herb. Sond.) bee

This has the foliage and petals of C'ysticapnos africana, but the fruit is that of a
Corydalis. The flowers are much larger than in Cysticapnos, but otherwise similar. —
The segments of the leaves are shorter and broader than in C. pruinosa, The ripe

18 : FUMARIACE (Harv.) [ Discocapnos.

iL DISCOCAPNOS, Ch. & Schl.

Petals 4, the posterior one spurred at base. Mruit (a utricle) orbicular,
flattened, membranous, with a marginal wing and central nerve,
indehiscent, one-seeded, tipped with the base of the style. Seed lenti-
cular, beaked, shining. Ch. & Sch. Linn. vol. 1. p. 569. Endl. Gen. No.
4840.

A fibrous rooted annual, climbing by the branched tendrils of its decompound

leaves. Flowers in racemes, flesh-coloured, with dark tips. Name from di0Kos,
a dise (whence dish) and xamvos.

1. D. Mundtii (Cham. & Schl. in Linn. r. p. 569): HE. & Z. No. 24.

Var. « Mundtii ; racemes few-flowered ; ovary elliptical, acute ;
fruits orbicular, scaberulous, with a broad, membranous, transversely
costate wing. Harv. Thes. t. 10.

Var. 8. Dregei ; racemes many flowered ; ovary ovate-acuminate ;
fruits sub-elliptical, somewhat acute at each end, scabrous, with 4
nalrow, even wing. : sf is

Has. In shrubby places. Hills round Capetown, Mundt. and Maire. Near.
Waterfall, Devil’s Mt, E.& Z.! Camps Bay, W.H.H. 8. at the Bosch River,
George, Drege ! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Root annual. Stems weak and straggling, succulent. Leaves on |
bi-tri-pinnately decompound ; the pinne alternate, tripartite or pinnate, with
broadly cuneate, or obovate, incised, obtusely cut leaflets. Racemes op ite the
leaves, at first very short, lengthening as the fruit ripens. Bractew scarcely as long
as the pedicels. Flowers small. Petals all conniving at the point ; the posterior with _
a short hooded point and an oblong, blunt, suberect spur of equal length. Appendix
to the synema adhering to the spur. Ovary elliptical ; styl , cugved. Var.
8. has smaller and more oblong fruits, with a narrower wink. Jf may possibly be
specifically distinct. The general aspect is that &f Corydalis Cracca™} but the spur of
the flower is longer and the fruits very different.

IV. FUMARIA, L.

Petals 4, the posterior one saccate at base. Frait subgloboge, at first
fleshy, then dry, indehiscent, one-seeded. DC. Prod. 1. p. 129.

Annuals, of European Origin, common in cultivated ground and now naturalized
throughout the temperate zones. The species have been’ needlessly multiplied, by
the hair-splitting of novelty-secking botanists, and\I quite agree with Bentham 10
referring the majority of the so-called species to the old F. officinalis, which varies

petioles,

Bom in the colour of the flower, in the form of the fruit, the broader or narrower

segments, and the relative proportions of the sep@ls‘and petals. The generic

_ mame is derived from fumus, smoke ; but why! Is it because most of the book:

Yay Oe Ya

Syn. Fl. Germ. 11. p. 1017 4

‘species are “all smoke” ¢

1. F. officinalis (Linn.) DC.Prod.1.p.130. #. & Z. En. No. 25.
_Var. capensis ; stems diffuse, straggling ; leaves on long petioles,
bipinnate, the pinne petiolate, tripartite, with cuneate, sharply incised,
mucronulate segments ; racemes lax, few-flowered, petals thrice as long as
the toothed sepals ; fruit stalks patent ; fruits globose, smooth and even.
F. capreolata 8. Burchellit. DC. Prod. 1. p.130. FP. Lichtensteinit, Schl.
Linn. 1. p. 568, F. Eckloniana, Sond. in litt. ; F. muralis, Sond. in Koo

Han. Common in cultivated ground throtghout the Colony, and assuredly intro

: The student will find, at first, some difficulty in mastering the

CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) 19

A common weed in gardens: the “fumitory.” My colleague Dr. Sonder
regards the Cape plant as being probably the same as the F. muralis of Flora
Germanica, by many Continental botanists regarded as a good species.

a '

_Orver VII. CRUCIFERZ, Juss.
(By W. Sonvzr.)

(Crucifere, Juss. Gen. 237. DC. Prod. 1. p. 133. Endl. Gen. Pl.
No. clxxxi. Brassicacee Lindl. Veg. King. No. exxiil.) !

Sepals 4, deciduous, Petals 4, cruciate, clawed. Stamens 6, of
which 2, opposite the lateral sepals, are shorter than the other 4, which
are placed, in pairs, opposite the anterior and posterior sepals. Ovary
bilocular (with a spurious septum) ; stigmas two, subsessile, opposite
the placentae, Fruct a two-celled, two-valved pod (stlique or silicule) ;
seeds pendulous, without albumen. Embryo having its cotyledons
bent back upon the radicle.

Herbaceous, or rarely fruticose plants, with alternate, exstipulate leaves and

racemose inflorescence. Flowers white, yellow, purple, brown, or sky-blue, usually
without bracts. Juice colourless, generally pungent.
_, A large, important, widely dispersed, and most natural Order, easily known by
its cruciate flowers, and tetradynamous stamens. It is equivalent to the 15th Class,
Tetradynamia, in the Linnean system. Nearly 2,000 species are known, comprised
under about 200 genera ; but the generic characters of many require revision.
dis which are
distinguished by minute, and not always satisfactory characters. In many instances
It is necessary (and is always useful) to be provided with ripe or nearly ripe fruit,
im order to ascertain the name of a cruciferous plant; and special care must be
taken to ascertain the relation of the radicle to the cotyledons, namely, whether the
edges of the cotyledons face the radicle (accumbent) ; or whether the broad-side be
turned to the radicle (incumbent) ; or whether the cotyledons be plaited, spiral, or
doubly folded. In the S. African Flora the Order is very imperfectly represented :
yet there are 6 genera, of which Heliophila is the most numerous in species, peculiar
to the Cape. Many culinary plants, such as Cabbage, Turnips, Radishes, Cress,
Mustard, Horseradish, &c., are familiar ; and many more may be used, if necessary-
None are poisonous ; many are anti-scorbutic, and stimulant. Sulphur and potash
are largely secreted in most. ; ee

ARTIFICIAL TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.
A. Siz1qvosa.—Fruit-pod several times as long as broad ; (a Siliqua.)
+ Seeds with flat, accumbent cotyledons (o =).
IV. Turritis.—Seeds in two rows, @

o>} VY. Arabis.—Seeds in one row. 22

| VI. Cardamine,—Seeds in one row ; pod opening with elasticity ; seeds 98
not margined.
¢ Seeds with linear, elongate, twice folded cotyledons (0 || |} || )-

(°°) XTX, Heliophila,—Pod long or short, Linear, or moniliform, or lanceolate. 3

| _**Calyx two-spurred at base, ;
Pe XIV. Chamira.—Pod ota ea —
ty ua compressed, two-edged, wi led valves,

Ab.

- Garden Stock (or Jt flower) is the type of the

20 CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) [ Matthiola.

z * Siliqua dehiscent at maturity.
+ Seeds with flat, accumbent cotyledons (o =).
I. Matthiola.—Sepals erect, saccate at base.
& II. Nasturtium.—Sepals spreading, equal at base.
++ Seeds with flat, incumbent cotyledons (9 || ).
VIN Sisymbrium, : |
os ttt Seeds with broad cotyledons folded over the radicle (0 >>).

XII. Brassica.— Valves of pod one-nerved, and veiny.
XIII. Sinapis.— Valves of pod 3-5 nerved:

** Siliqua indehiscent.
XVIII. Carponema.—(Seeds as in Heliophila).

24

Si.

-

54

B. StricuLos#.—Fruit-pod short, few seeded, not thrice as long as

broad (a silicula.)
1. Silicula dehiscent at maturity.

* Silicula with flattish valves and a broad septum.
VII. Alyssum.—Silicle orbicular or oval. Cotyledons accumbent (0 =).

XIX. Heliophila.—Cotyledons elongate, twice folded on the radicle (oll il).

** Silicula with keeled or boatshaped valves and a narrow septum.
= X. Lepidium.—Seeds solitary in each cell.
<3 XI. Capsella.—Seeds numerous in each cell.
2. Silicula indehiscent at maturity : seeds solitary.
* Silicula didymous or deeply 2-lobed.

IX. Senebiera.—Petals minute, scarcely equalling the sepals.
5a? XV. Brachycarpea.—Petals much longer than the sepals.

** Silicula orbicular or somewhat ovate.

XVI. Cycloptychis.—Silicula ovate, beaked, with convex wrinkled valves.
XVII. Palmstruckia,—Silicula orbicular, with flat valves.

Tribe I. Pievroruizes.

Seeds with flat cotyledons, whose edges are directed to the radicle of
accumbent (o =).
Sub-tribe I. Amrapioes.
Pod (siliqua) long or shortish, linear, cylindrical or compressed, many
seeded.
I. MATTHIOLA. R. Br.

Sepals erect, the two lateral ones saccate at base. Stliqua sub-terete,
elongate, with round-backed valves. Stigma thickened, bidentate.

_ Seeds compressed, mostly margined, in a single row. DOC. Prod. 1. p.

132.

Herbs or suffrutescent plants, mostly natives of the South of Europe and North
Africa, hoary or rough, with short, stellate, thickly set pubescence. Leaves entire
or sinuate-toothed ; racemes terminal. Flowers white or purple. The Common

us. The name is in honour of
P. A, Matthiolus, an Italian physician and botanist of the 16th century.

4
“SY

18
3!
4

33
3t

“1. M tornlosa (DC. Syst. II. p. 169) ; stem erect, slightly branched, —

‘rough with stellate hairs ; leaves linear, subentire, tomentose ; pods —

Ha

Warns aah nvier, and in the Nieuweveld, Drege. Caledon-river, Burke and Zeyher (17.) Nov.—
8
A

linn Zeyher, *, Fish Tiver*at Trom i
, d., T.C.D., Hook.)

jatum, L. Mey. ;
di AB. In waterpools. Zwartkops and Boschman’s Rivers, Z. & Z. / Grahams-
es :

Nasturtium. ] CRUCIFER (Sond.) 21

subtorulose, downy, and rough with stalked glands. DC. Prod. 1. p.
133. Cheiranthus torulosus, Thunb. Prod. p. 108. Fl. Cap. p. 493.

_ Var. 8. tricornis; leaves twice as broad, subspathulate, sinuate,
the cauline ones pinnatifid or entire ; pods tricuspidate, the points

por, longer than the stigma. JM. stelligera, Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 1.

* Hap. Sandy and grassy places. At the Gauritz and Gariep, Burchell ; Zeekoe-

y. (Herb. Thunb., Sond., T.C.D.)
foot high, canescent. Radical leaves crowded, subsinuate, tapering at base,
1}-2 inches long, 2 lines wide. Racemes 3-5 inches long. Pedicels very short and
thick. Calyx 3 lines long. Petals purplish, the claw as long as the calyx, the
noe oblong-oval. Pod widely spreading, 2-2} inches long ; stigmata thickened
a - - “4

Il. NASTURTIUM R. Br.

_ Sepals spreading, equal at base. Siligua nearly cylindrical, some-
times short, the valves rounded at back. Stigma somewhat bilobed.
Seeds not margined, irregularly in two rows. DC. Prod. 1. p. 137.

_ Water or marsh plants, dispersed over the world, glabrous or rough, with simple,
rigid hairs. Leaves pinnatipartite or pinnatifid. Flowers small, white or yellow.
The common Water-cress is a well known example of this genus. The name is
traced to Nasus-tortus, a wrinkled nose ; and is supposed to allude to the pungent
qualities of these plants. a

* Flowers white. ‘
1. N. officinale (R. Br. Hort. Kew. 2. vol. 4. p. 100) ; leaves pinnati- = AQ
partite, the upper in 3-7 pairs ; the lower ternate ; leaflets repand, ee Qoy

the side ones elliptical, the terminal ovate-subcordate ; pods linear, abs Apes

curved, about as long as the pedicels. DC. 1. c. p. 137. Sisymbrium Nas- ~ a

turtium, Lin. Sp.916, E. Bot. t.885. Schkuhr Handb. t. 187.

Gan net and ditches, near Capetown, and at Krakakamma, Uitenhage.
erp. md. ; oe
“ Water-cress.” t perennial, creeping ; stem ascending. Petals white, stamens

and pistil purple. - owt dias a ees

** Flowers yellow.

2. N. fluviatile (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege) ; leaves pinnatifid, the
upper smaller ; lacinie oblong, toothed or sub-pinnatifid, the terminal
one larger, obtuse ; pods oblong, longer than the pedicel ; style
elongatec: oe seen ee

‘Van. 8. caledonicum ; stem elongate, lower leaves elongato-lanceolate,
pinnatifido-dentate, upper linear entire. WV. Caledonicum, Sond. in Linn..
Vol. 23. p. 2.

Var. y. brevistylum ; style very short, stigma thickened. J. elon-

, Drege! B, Caledon River, Burke &

Figh River, River and

22 CRUCIFERE (Sond.) [ Barbarea.

lines long ; style 1-2 lines. § is remarkable for its taller, and more slender stem,
and chiefly for its elongated, less deeply cut leaves. In var. y. the stem is straight,
all the leaves pinnatifid, and the pods an inch long.

Ill. BARBAREA, R. Br.

Sepals erect, equal at base. Siliqua 4-sided, 2-edged, valves keeled at
back, awnless at the apex. Stigma capitate. Seeds not margined, ina
single row. DC. Prod. 1 p. 140.

Biennial or perennial herbs, dispersed throughout the temperate zones, smooth or
rough with scattered, simple hairs. Leaves lyrato-pinnatifid or rarely undivided.
Flowers small, yellow, in terminal racemes, Name in honor of St. Barbara, to
whom these plants were formerly dedicated.

1. B. precox (R. Br. Hort. Kew. ed. 2. 4. p. 109) ; lower leaves ly-
rate, the terminal lobe ovate; wpper leaves pinnati-parted, the lobes
linear-oblong, quite entire. DOC. Prod. 1. p. 140. Sm. E. Bot. t. 1129.

Has. A weed, in cultivated ground, introduced from Europe. (Herb. Sond.)
Plant 1-1} feet high, erect, biennial.

IV. TURRITIS. L.

Sepals spreading, equal at base. Siliqua linear, compressed, with flat
valves. Seeds very numerous, in a double row. DC. Prod. 1 p. 141

Biennial herbs, natives of the temperate zones, glabrous or rough with forked
hairs. Leaves alternate, amplexicaul, entire. Flowers small, white, m long, ter-
minal racemes. Name, from turris, a tower; the typical species 1s called in
England ‘“‘ tower-mustard,”

1. T. Dregeana (Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 2); glabrous, somewhat
glaucous ; stem straight ; branches elongate, appressed ; leaves ——
lanceolate, cordato-sagittate at base, very entire ; pods straight, muc
longer than the pedicel ; seeds winged. Drege, 7537.

Has. Witbergen, Drege / Jan. (Herb. Sond.) :

Stem 4 feet high or more, terete, with many branches. Radical leaves not seen ;
cauline 2!~3 inches long, 6 lines wide at base. Fruiting racemes 1-2 feet long.
Flowers whitish ; petals 1 line long. Pod 3 inches long, 1 line wide ; stigma Se

sile, orbicular ; valves one-nerved. Seeds oval, bordered with a very narrow mem-
brane.

V. ARABIS L.

_ Sepals erect, equal or two lateral ones saceate at base. Siligua as in

Turritis, but the seeds in a single row. DC. Prod. 1. p. 142.
A large genus very abundant in the northern temperate zones, rare in the

southern. Keane or perennial plants, rarely suffruticose, usually rough with

forked or simple hairs. Leaves entire or lyrate, often amplexicaul. Flowers 17

pine aria white or rosy. Name, apafis ; applied by Dioscorides to Lep
ium Draba. :

1. At? nudicaulis (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege) ; glabrous, leafy below, —
naked above ; cauline asin radical pea petiolate, obovate-

oblong, irregularly toothed, pinnatifid at base, the teeth obtuse, mu-
se ase 3 Taceme nude, pedicels erecto-patent, as long as the pod.
_ _ Has. Zondag River, Graafreynet ; Sneuwebergen and Uitflugt at Limoenfontein,

Cardamine.} CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) 23

A foot high, with the habit of a Nasturtium. Root leaves 2 inches long, 6-8
lines wide, with a flat petiole, 1 inch long ; the upper teeth !-1 line long, lower 1~2
lines ; the uppermost leaf below the middle of the stem, an inch long. Raceme
3-4 inches. Flowers small, white. Pod (unripe) half an inch long, straight or
slightly curved : stigma sessile, thickened.

VI. CARDAMINE. L.

Sepals erect or patulous, equal at base, Siligua linear ; the valves
flat, nerveless, often opening with elasticity. Seeds ovate, not mar-
gined, on slender stalks, in a single row. DC. Prod. 1. p. 149.

Annual, biennial, or perennial herbs, dispersed over the globe, glabrous or rarely
sprinkled with hairs. Leaves petiolate, the upper ones sometimes sessile, either
undivided, lobed or pinnatipartite. Flowers white or purple, in terminal, leafless —
racemes. Name, from xapdia, the heart, and Sapa, to fortify ; from supposed
strengthening properties.

1. C. africana (Lin. Sp. 914) ; leaves glabrous, or sparsely hispid on
the upper surface, ternate, the leaflets petiolulate, ovate, acuminate,
toothed ; pods linear. DC. Prod. 1. p. 151. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 497.
L.§ Z.! 29. C. Auteniquana, Burch. in DC. 1. ¢.

Has. In woods. Grootvadersbosch, Thunberg/ Zeyher! Waterfall, on the
roe Mount, Capetown, Ecklon, Drege, d&c. June—Sep. (Herb. Thunb., Sond.,

.C.D.)

Root perpendicular, long. Stem decumbent or erect, }-1 foot high. Leaves on
long petioles ; leaflets an inch long, or sometimes 2 inches, ovate, acute or acumi-
nate, the side ones oblique at base, the terminal mostly a little larger, equal and
cordate or obtuse at base. Racemes 6~12-flowered. Fl. small, white. Pods
smooth, 12-15 lines long, a line wide ; pedicels erectopatent, 3-6 lines long. It
occurs either with glabrous leaves, or with leaves hairy at both sides and ciliolate, or
at least sparsely pilose on the upper surface ; the smooth form is C. africana, DC. ;
the hairy one is C. auteniquana, Burch. :

Sub-tribe II. Atnyssinnz.

Pod (silicula) roundish or oval, with a broad septum, and flat or
_ convex valves, dehiscing. Seeds compressed, orten margined. Cotyle-
dons accumbent. eam

Sepals erect, equal at base. Petals entire. Stamens toothed or entire.
Silicula orbicular or elliptical ; the valves flat or convex in the centre. 2
Seeds 1-4 in each cell, compressed, sometimes with a membranous, — :
winglike margin. DC. Prod. 1. p. 160.

Herbs, natives of the warmer temperate zones, chiefly of the northern hemi-
sphere, annual, biennial, or perennial, covered with short, whitish stellate pubes-
cence. Leaves entire. Racemes terminal ; flowers white or yellow. Name from
a, privitive and Avoca, rage; from the ancient reputation of a plant called alyssum.

Sub-gen. 1. Adyseton (DC.) Flowers yellow. Stamens toothed. :

1. A. glomeratum (Burch, in DC, Prod. 1. p. 163); annual,clothed =
with soft, greyish, stellate pubescence ; stems ascending ; leaves lance-
olate, obtuse, villous ; raceme very dense ; calyces persistent ; silicules
orbicular, glabrous. — eS

24 CRUCIFERE (Sond.) [ Sisymbrium.

Has. Roggeveld, near Riet River, Burchell. mt is

Stem slender, 3 inches long. Lower leaves petiolate, oval. Raceme surrounded
with leaves : pedicels 2-3 lines long. Calyx persistent, nearly as long as the petals.
Silicule 1} lines long, tipped with a style } line long. Seeds 2 in each loculus.

Sub-gen. 2. Lobularia (DC.) lowers white. Stamens toothless.

2. A. maritimum (Lam. Dict. 1. p. 98) ; stems suffruticose at base,
procumbent ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, canescent ; silicules oval,
glabrous, tipped with a short style. DO, l.c.p. 164. H. & Z.! No.
30. HL. Bot. t. 1729. Clypeola, Lin. Koniga, R. Br.

Has. Sandy places near Capetown, not uncommon. April. (Herb, Sond.)

Stem 3-12 inches long. Leaves more or less hoary. Flowers small, sweetly
scented, Silicule 13 lineslong. Seeds one in each loculus.

Tribe IL. NororHizes.

Seeds with flat cotyledons, whose backs are directed to the radicle, or
tncumbent (0 || ).

Sub-tribe I. SISYMBRIEA, :

Pod (siliqua) elongate, usually bilocular, with flattish or convex valves.
Seeds numerous, in one or two rows.

VII. SISYMBRIUM, All.

Sepals patulous, equal at base. Siligua subterete, sessile ; valves
convex, usually three-nerved. Seeds ovate or oblong ; cotyledons in-
cumbent or oblique. Stamens toothless. DC. Prod. 1. p. 199.

Annuals or perennials, chiefly weeds, inhabiting the temperate zones of both
hemispheres, glabrous or hairy. Leaves either simple, pinnatisect or decompound.

Flowers white or yellow, mostly in terminal, leafless racemes. Name croup Ppior ;
given by the ancients to several plants, one of which is supposed to be a cress.

* Flowers white.

1. S. capense (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 497); perennial, glabrous, oF
hairy ; stem erect, branched above ; bee ee largest, runcinate or
pinnatifid, lobes toothed ; upper leaves narrower, pinnatifid or lanceo-
late-toothed ; racemes glabrous ; pods turned upwards, glabrous.

_ Var. «. latifolium ; stem, glabrous, hairy below ; leaves runcinato-
pinnatifid, the upper toothed or pinnatifid ; pods very long. 4. sért-
gosum, Thunb. Herb. fol. e. S. Burchellii, E. & Z.! No. 32 (ex parte) nom
DC. S. argutum E. Mey. !

Var. 8 montanum ; pubescent with short hairs; leaves mostly
lanceolate-toothed, or the lower ones pinnatifid ; racemes subglabrous }
pods shorter. 8, montanum, E. Mey. ! in Herb. Drege, S. Burchellii,
LE. § Z, | ex parte, : |

Var, y. angustifolium; stem smooth or hairy ; almost all the leaves

iene the lobes oblong or linear, paar ‘toothed ; raceme gla-

rous ; pods very long. S. capense, Thunb,! Herb,

Hap. Among shrubs. «., Zwartkops, Kat and Konab Rivers ; Kenko River,
Ganritz River and Langekloof, £. 2. / & Zey. 1893. Albany, Drege, Mrs.

ee

Sisymbrium.] CRUCIFERE (Sond.) 25

Barber! Natal, Gueinzius. 8, Caledon River, Burke & Zey. Vische River, Drege
y. Swellendam, Thunb. / Caledon River, B. & Z, Nieuweveld, Drege. Oct.—Dec.
(Herb, Thunb., Sond., T.C.D., Hook.)

Stem, 2 feet or more in height, striate, with long spreading branches. Lower
leaves 4~7 in. long, (in a) 11-2 inch wide, with ovate, toothed lobes } inch long or
less ; in y 1-2 inch wide, deeply pinnatifid, the rachis 1-1} lines wide, lobes 6-10
at each side, horizontally patent, 4-1 inch long, with short teeth or quite entire.
Upper leaves 1 inch long. Raceme 6-12 inches ; flower stalks 3-4, fruit stalks 4-6

_lines long. Petals longer than calyx, 2-2} lines long. Pods 2-3 inches, in B

1-14 inches long, } line wide, with 3-nerved valves: style 4-1 line long. Seeds in
a single row.

2. §. Thalianum (Gay, An, Sc. Nat. VII.) ; annual, hairy with
simple or 2~3 forked hairs ; stem erect, branched above ; leaves toothed
or entire, the radical ones rosulate, narrowed into the petiole, ovate-
oblong, cauline narrowed at base, uppermost nearly linear ; pods gla-
brous, Arabis Thaliana, Linn. Sp. 929. E. Bot. t. gos. Sckr. Handb.
t. 195. Conringia Th., Reich. Arabis Zeyheriana, Turcz. Animadv. 1854.

p. 22 (No. 1157.)
Has. Cape Flats, Ecklon / Caledon, Zeyher 1899. Orange River and Caledon an

River, £. & Z. / Paarlberg and Schneewberg, Drege. Sep. Oct. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.) 4
A small, weak-growing plant 6 inches high or more, hispid below, glabrous

above. Radical leaves 4-2 inches long, 3-8 lines wide ; the cauline few and sessile.

Racemes lax. Younger pedicels hispidulous. Petals oblong, obtuse. Pods 6-8

lines long. It varies with a stem hispid to the summit. The Cape and European

Specimens are quite similar.

** Flowers yellow : leaves pinnately lobed, the lobes entire or toothed.

3. S. lyratum (Burm, Fl, Cap, 17) ; stem erect, terete, sprinkled at
base with simple hairs ; lower leaves hairy, lyrato-runcinate, the lobes
toothed, upper leaves oblong, glabrous, toothed ; pedicels filiform; pods
erectopatent, nearly smooth ; seeds ina single row. DC. Syst. 2. p. 471.
Deless. Ic. Sel. 2. t. 64. =

Has. Sands by the sea shore. C. L’Agulhas, Swell., £.¢ Z. July. . Sond.) ee

1-1} feet hight lower leaves 3 pe long, 8-9 lines wide, oe sain ane
on both sides, pinnati-partite ; the lobes ovate, toothed, the basal ones distinct, the
upper confluent, the terminal oblong, toothed obtuse. Racemes la Pods 2
inch long, 3 line wide, hairy ; the valves flattish, 3 nerved ; stigma Sisymb.
pone of Drege’s Herb. is a little different, but does not seem to be specifically dis-

4. S, Burchellii (DC. 1.c. p. 472); stem hispid with spreading hairs,
somewhat branched ; leaves pinnati-partite, hairy, the lobes oblong,
angulato-repand ; pedicels short, thick ; pods suberect, roughly hairy,
the seeds in two rows, DC. Prod. 1. p. 193.

Has. Sackriver, Burchell, Between Shiloh and Windvogelsberg ; at Zeekoe river ;
at Beaufort, and Rhinosterkopf, Drege / Oct. Novy. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Stems suffruticose, 6-12 inches long, radical and lower leaves 2-21 inch, petiolate,
with 7-8 lobes at each side ; the upper }—1 inch long, sessile. Racemes elongating.
Fruitstalks 1-2 lines long, densely pubescent. Petals not much longer than the calyx.
Pods terete, 10-12 lines long, } line wide, valves 3-nerved ; style short, Seeds very

rarely uniseriate.. a

5. 8. Gariepinum (Burch, Cat. Geogr.) ; stem covered.
simple, and short branching hairs, slightly branched ; the leaves pir
partite, lobes oblong, toothed, subacute, rough with branching hairs

26 CRUCIFERE (Sond.) [Sisymbrivm. —

patulous, rough ; pedicels short and thick ; seeds in one row. DO.
Prod. 1. p. 193.

Var. a, apricum ; Burch. Cat. No. 2080.

8. nemorosum ; Burch. Cat. 2558; pubescence of the stem a
little less close, and pods more patent.

Has. In open places. 8, in woods, at Kosifontein, Burchell. Calcareous hills, at
Springbokkeel ; Rhinosterkop and Bitterfontein, Burke and Zeyher / March. (Herb.
Sond., Hook., T.C.D.)
__ Nearly related to the preceding, but differing in the glaucous colour ; fasciculately

branched pubescence mixed with longer hairs, and more patent pods. Stem mostly
bent ; branches rigid. Stem leaves sessile, an inch long, with 4-6 subacute lobes at
each side, each 2-3 toothed. Pedicels 13-2 lines long: Flowers as in the preceding.
Pods rigid, rough with stellate bristles, 12-15 lines long. Seeds rarely in two rows.

6. 8. exasperatum (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 3.) ; stem and branches hairy
with simple hairs ; leaves pinnati-parted, lobes oblong, hairy, sharply
toothed ; pods suberect, roundish, glabrous, 3-4 times longer than the pedi-
cel ; seeds in one row.

Has. Sandy places. Orange river, Zeyher (18). Feb. (Herb. Sond.)

Stem 1-1 heat high, terete, with erecto-patent branches. Leaves 1}—2 inch. long,
upper uncial, 3 lines wide ; the lower petiolate, with 5-7 sharp lobes on each side,
each with 2-3 angular teeth. Fruiting raceme 3—4 inches a F1. small. Pedicels
2-3 lines long. Pods uncial, } line wide ; style very short ; stigma 2-lobed.

7. S. Turezaninowii (Sond.) ; densely hairy, with simple hairs ; stem
erect, slightly branched ; leaves pinnati-partite, with ovate obtuse and
toothed lobes ; pods turned up, terete, densely covered with short bristles,
thrice as long as the pedicel ; seeds in two rows. 'richolobos capensis,
Turez. Anim. No. 1101.

*** Flowers yellow ; leaves bi-tripinnati-parted, lobes toothed or pinnatifid.

_ 8. §. tripinnatum (DC. Syst. 2. p. 475) ; stem herbaceous, erect,
branching, velvetty, with stellate pubescence ; leaves velvetty, tripin-
natisect, the lobules oblong-linear, subdentate ; pods suberect, slender,
glabrous. DO. Prod. 1.p. 194. Sinapis ? tripinnata, Burch. Cat. 1649.
at’ Ess near the Gauritz R., Burchell, Orange River, Zeyher, Sept.

hed “e Sophia. Stem flexuous, a feet high, smooth above. om dai nora
~ wer 3 inches long, petiolate, 2-3 pina’ primary segments petiols
5-6 at each side, alternate Creme 2 SB rome 3-4 at each side, subsessile ;
lobes oblong or linear oblong, deeply toothed. Upper leaves less compound.
Racemes 3-5 inches long: pedicels downy, 4 lines long. Petals as long as the
: inn oe } line wide ; valves convex, 3 nerved, torulose ; s«

Senebiera.| CRUCIFER® (Sond.) 27

Sub-tribe II. Leprmpivez.

Pod (silicula ), with a very narrow septum ; the valves either keeled
or very convex. Seeds one or several in each cell, ovate, immarginate.

IX. SENEBIERA, DC.

Sepals patent, equal at base. Petals very short. Stamens 2-4-6.
Silicula didymous, subcompressed, indehiscent ; valves subglobose,
Tugose or crested, cells one seeded. Cotyledons* long and linear,
obliquely curved. DO. Prod. 1. p. 202.

Widely dispersed, littoral, annual or biennial herbs, often prostrate. Leaves
entire or pinnatisect. Racemes opposing the leaves, short ; the flowers minute,
white. Whole plant strongly pungent. Name in honour of M. Senebier, a distin-
guished Genevese physiologist.

* Pods deeply emarginate at the apex,

1. S. linoides (DC. Syst. 2. p. 522, excl. syn.); glabrous ; stem erect,
branched ; leaves Unear, entire, acute ; pods subcompressed, didymous,
netted with raised lines. Coronopus linoides, H. Mey ! in Herb. Drege b.

Has. Banks of the Gariep, at Verleptpram, Drege. Sep. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

More than a foot high, somewhat glaucous, with rodlike branches. Leaves lanceo-
late-linear, narrowed at base, nerveless, the lower 11 inches long, 1-1} lines wide ;
upper shorter and narrower. Racemes 3-4 inch long. Stamens 2. Silicle depressed,
as in 8. didyma, but smaller ; valves turgid, delicately reticulate. Very similar in
aspect to Lepidiwm linoides, Thunb. ; but with very different fruit.

2. 8. Heleniana (DC. 1. c. p. 523); pubescent ; stem prostrate, branch-
ing ; lower leaves pinnati-partite, with cut lobes, upper linear or divided
in few lobes ; pods subcompressed, didymous, netted with raised lines.

C. linoides, a, E. Mey. ! eka

Has. Dry hills at Ebenezer, Drege! Nov. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

A small annual. Stems many from the same crown, 2-5 inches long, sprinkled
with thickish but very short hairs or glabrescent. Leaves glabrous ; the radical
uncial, with a linear rachis ; cauline 6 lines long, some entire wider at the tip, —
others lobed, the lobes linear. Fruiting racemes 1-2 inch long. Fl. and fr., as in

.

3. S. did: Pers. Ench, 2. p. 185) ; hairy ; stem prostrate, branch-
ing ; Heer bral Roh their sees oblong or somewhat cut ; pods
compressed didymous, netted with raised lines. S. pinnatifida, DC. l. c.
P. 523. H.& Z.! No. 36. Lepidium didymum, Linn. Mant, 92. Coron.
didyma, E. Bot. t. 248. C. incisa, Hornm.

Has. Waysides and on rubbish, about Capetown, Oct. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Stems somewhat hairy, pilose or glabrescent, 6-15 inches long. Lobes of the
leaves ovate or oblong, entire, toothed or deeply cut. Racemes 1-2 inches long.
Petals very small or none. Stamens 2, 4, or 6. Pod as in the preceding, but larger
and more coarsely netted.

2 : ** Pods entire (not emarginate ) at the apex. :
4 §. Coronopus (Poir. Dict. 7, 76.) ; leaves pinnati-lobed, the lobes oS :

Spirolobee ; but the genus is retained among Lepidinea, use in habit.
gency it resembles the cresses ; while it is very unlike Brachycarpea. —

? kel ab. Sona yoo ‘ =

28 CRUCIFER (Sond.) [ Lepidiwm.

entire, toothed, or pinnatifid ; pods subacute, cordate at base, compressed,

the valves ridged and crested at back. Cochlearia Coronopus. L. Sp. 904

Schk. hb, t. 181. Coronopus Ruellii, All. E. Bot. t. 1660.

oD} Waysides and on rubbish heaps, &. Common near Capetown. (Herb.
“Whole plant prostrate, pressed to the ground, ‘Leaves variously lobed. Racemes

short and many flowered. Flowers very minute. Easily known by its strongly
ridged and crested fruit.

X. LEPIDIUM L.

Sepals equal at base. Silicula ovate or subcordate ; the valves keeled
(or rarely ventricose) ; loculi one-seeded. Seeds three-cornered or com-
pressed. DC. Prod. 1. p. 203.

- Herbs or undershrubs, dispersed over the globe, very various in habit and foliage.
Racemes terminal, elongating. Flowers small, white ; often deficient in the number
of petals or stamens. A large genus, chiefly inhabiting the S. of Europe and
borders of Asia : with outlying species in most countries. The garden cress ( se
be eesti is well known. The name is from Aems, a scale ; from the form ©

* All the leaves entire, or the upper ones toothed. Be

1. L. flexuosum (Thunb. Prod. 107.) ; glabrous, glaucescent ; stems
decumbent, flexuous, slightly branched ; leaves oblong or oblongo-linear,
subobtuse, narrowed at base ; the radical 1. petiolate, cauline semiamplexi-
caul ; pods ovate, tipped with an evident style. Thunb. Fl. cap. 49%
Syst. 2. p. 552. ‘

“Has. Sandy fields, near the sea shore, Verlooren Valley, Thunb. Oct. (Herb. Holm.)

Stems numerous, 6-12 inches long. Leaves thickish, several-nerved at base, the
radical on long stalks, the petiole keeled, dilated at base, 2 inches long ; lamina
uncial, 2-3 lines wide ; cauline 3 inch narrower. Racemes an inch or more long,
pedicels 2 lines. Petals white, as long as the calyx. Silicule 1 line long ; style s
lin. and stigma bilobed. Known by its longer style from the other species.

2. L. myriocarpum (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 4); glabrous, pale greeD ;
stem erect, branches spreading ; leaves linear acuminate, narrowed at
base, the uppermost very narrow ; racemes slender, at length panicu-
late ; pods elliptic-ovate, with a very short style.

Has. Shady places, on the Banks of Caledon R. Burke and Zeyher. In Glen-

filling » Drege, 7541. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Hook., Sond.)

_8. L. linoides (Thunb. Prod. 107.) ; glabrous ; stem erect, branches
virgate ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed or linear ; pods elliptical, obtuse,
emarginate. Thunb, Fl. cap. p. 490. B. & Z. 1 38. (excl. syn. Cand.)

Var. 8. subdentatum ; leaves sharply toothed near the point, the
upper entire. S. subdentatum, Burch, ap. DC. 1. c. p. 545. L. linoides 8.

«KL a Z. 38.

Var. y. pumilum ; 2-3 inches high ; leaves toothed near the point,
minutely downy on the lower surface, as is also the stem.
_ Has. In shrubby places. Tulbagh Valley, E. & Z. B. near rivulet in the Rogge-
veld. Karroo, Burchell, 00 B, & 2. y. Winterveld, 34000 ft. Drege (Nov.

Lepidium.] _ CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) 29

Stem generally 1-2 feet high. Radical leaves narrowed into a petiole ; lower
cauline-1} 2 inches long, 1-13 lines wide, acuminate ; in 6 3 lines wide, and with
2-4 teeth near the point ; upper shorter, Fruiting racemes often much elongated.
Pedicels spreading, 13-2 lines long. Flowers minute. Pods 1} lines long; style
very short, not projecting beyond the tips of the cells. Known from L. myriocar-
pum, by its thrice larger and subemarginate silicules.

** All the leaves, or at least the lower ones, pinnatifid, the wpper toothed or entire.

4. L. Capense (Thunb. Prod. 107.); very thinly pubescent ; stem terete,
decumbent at base, then erect and branching ; radical leaves oblong ser-
rate ; lower cauline pinnatifid, middle ones serrated, uppermost entire ;
pods elliptic-ovate, subemarginate, with a very short style. Zhwnd.
Fil. cap. 491. DC. lc. p. 552. L. Eckloni, Schrad. E. & Z. No. 41.
L. flecuosum, E. & Z. 42. Un. Ib. No. 459.

Var. 8. sylvaticum ; stem taller and more erect ; cauline leaves wider,
serrate, narrowed at base. L. sylvaticum, E. & Z. 37. L. subdentatum,
Meisn. Pl. Krauss.

Has. Hills and waste places, near Capetown, common. Thunb. Ecklon, &c.

Cape L’Agulhas Mundt. ; Port Elizabeth, FE. & Z. Zondag river, Drege ; Albany,
T. Williamson. B. hills near Adow, Zeyher, Zitzekamma, Krauss. Omsamwubo,
Drege. Jun.—Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Meisn. Sond., T.C.D.)
Stems 6-12 inches long, branches spreading, root-leaves petioled, 2 inches long ;
lower cauline 2-3 inches, deeply pinnatifid, the lobes ovate or oblong, acute,
toothed ; the middle one lanceolate, narrowed at base, 1}-2 lines wide, toothed or
serrate ; the uppermost entire or somewhat toothed. Fruiting racemes 3-4 inches
long 3 pedicels 1} lines long, spreading. Fl. minute. Young pod ovate, apiculate ;
the ripe elliptical-ovate, minutely notched ; style as long as the points of valves, or
a little longer. Var. 8. is taller, with broader, mostly obtuse and serrate leaves.

5. L. Africanum (DC. 1. c. p. 552); glabrous or sparsely puberu-
lous ; stem erect, terete, somewhat angled above, branching ; radical
leaves lyrato-pinnatisect, lobes cut, the terminal one very large, middle
ones pinnatisect or deeply cut, upper entire ; pods elliptic-ovate, scarcely

emarginate, with avery short style. Deless. Ic. 2. t. 73. L. subdentatum,

LE. & Z.! 39, non. Burch. L. capense, E. & Z. 43, non Thunb. L. diva-
ruatum, E. § Z. 44, non Ait. Sisymb. serratum, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p.
496 & Herb. : or asa eke

Has. In fields and shrubby . Lion’s Mt., Sieber, Zwartkops R. and at the
Knysna, George ; and Win \d, Beauf., Z.&@ Z. Nov. (Herb. Thunb., Sond.)

Very Riboe last, and chiefly distinguished by the taller, 11s
stem, more divided radical, and more deeply cut cauline leaves. Stem 1} feet.
Radical leaves 2-3 inch long, the terminal lobe ovate, serrate, the lower lobes 2-4
pairs, ovate-toothed or inciso-multifid : cauline leaves 1} inches long, some pinnati-
fid, some inciso-serrate. Uppermost leaves 6-8 lines long, narrow. Fruiting
raceme 3-6 inches long: ripe pouch 1} lines long.

6. L. desertorum (E. & Z. No. 40) ; annual, small, glabrous or mi-
nutely puberulent ; stems ascending, erect, slightly branched ; radical
leaves and lowermost stem-leaves petiolate, pinnatifid ; upper linear,

entire or toothed ; pods cordate-ovate, tipped with a stigma ; the septum —

open (fenestrate). L. fenestratum, E. Mey. ! Herb. Drege.
Has. In high Karroo districts, near Gauritz river, Swell., Z. & Z.!
keel, ovr (34.) Zilverfontein, Oct. ; and Zwarteberg, June, Drege.

Quire Ray

thus

30 _CRUCIFER (Sond.) [Lepidiwm.

A small plant, 4-5 inches high. Toot leaves 13-2 inch long, pinnatifid, with
3-4 subdentate lobes at each side, the terminal larger, 3-6 lines long. Raceme
4-1 inch: pedicels 1 line long. Pouches scarcely 3 line long, as long as broad.
Differs from the others by the shape of its pouches.

7. L. pinnatum (Thunb. Prod. 107) ; tall, glabrous, stem erect, diva-
ricately branched ; leaves all pinnatifid, the lobes divaricate, acute, sub-
dentate, the uppermost entire or toothed ; pods oval, subemargunate,
Thunb, Fl. Cap. p. 491.; L, divaricatum, Ait. Kew. 1. vol, 2. p. 441
Thlaspi divaricatum, Poir.

Has. Fields, near Capetown, Thunberg, W.H.H. ——— Zeyher.

Paarlberg, 1-2000 ft., Drege (L. capense, E. Mey.!) June. (Herb. Thunb., Sond.,

aCe: s
1-2 feet high. Leaves mostly fasciculate, 13-2 inch long, petiole uncial, rachis

narrow, lobes 3 at each side, patent, entire or few toothed, 1-2 lines wide;

stem leaves similar, uppermost subentire. Racemes elongating ; pedicels 1-1} lines

long: Flowers very minute. Pouches 1 line long, subemarginate, the style as long 8
e notch,

8. L. trifureum (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 4.) ; suffruticose, erect, quite gla-
brous ; leaves linear-subulate, channelled, three forked, the lobes execto-
patent, acute ; pods oblong-ovate, slightly emarginate, with a very short
style, equalling the notch. Zey. 23.

Has. Rocky places at Modder River, Bekuana Land, Feb., Burke and Zeyher.
Winterveld and a ccteteeld, Nov., Drege. (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.) igh

Stem 1-14 feet, with virgate branches, ramulose at the end. Stem leaves mos? y
crowded, 3-forked, the lateral lobes 1-1} lines, terminal 2~3 lines long ; rarely wi
§ lobes, pinnately disposed. Upper leaves trifid or entire. Fruiting racemes 2-3
inches long ; pedicels 1-1} lines. Pouch 1 line long. ‘Fl. minute.

9. L. hirtellum (Sond.) ; suffruticose ; stem and leaves rough with
very short hairs ; lower leaves oblong, serrate, naxrowed into the petiole,
middle and upper ones pinnatipartite, the lobes and rachis linear, very
entire ; pods elliptical, slightly emarginate, with a very short style,
equalling the notch. ZL. pinnatum, FE. & Z. ! 45, non Thunb.
are Near pools, Valleyen,” in Quaggasflats, Uitenhage. Jul. @ 2. (Herb. . |
| on |

A all slightly branched plant. ‘Lower leaves uncial, 2 lines wide, serrated :
all the rest pinnatifid, uncial, the rachis scarcely } line wide, with 3-4 lobes at eae
side, 2 lines long. Racemes 2 inches long, the rachis and pedicels hairy, at length
glabrescent. Pouch glabrous, 1 line long.

10. L. bipinnatum (Thunb. Prod. 107); stems erect, decumbent a
base, simple, velvety ; radical leaves bipinnati-partite, eith filiform lobes ;
cauline linear, trifid at the summit, the uppermost entire ; pods (young)
evidently apiculate. Thunb. Fl. Cap. 491. DC.1.c. p. 553-

_- Has. Onderste Roggeveld, Dec., Thunberg, (Herb. Thunb.

Stems 3 or more, terete, compressed at ago jee ie: Radical leaves
crowded, 2-24 inches long ; the petiole s—1} inch, canaliculate, dilated at base, the
lamina uncial, multipartite, the petiolulate, secund, lobules subulate, 1 line —
long. Cauline leaves remote, 4-2 lines. Flowering racemes corymbose, short, ~
pedicels 1-15 lines long. Sepals obtuse, membrane-edged. Petals minute. Young
pod ovate, tipped with a short style and obtuse stigma.

“Lepiiom cape” E.Mey. in Merk, Droge ia peaps a new pecion allel

Capsella.} CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) 31

XI. CAPSELLA, Vent,

Sepals flattish, equal at base. Swicula triangular-wedge shaped, the
valves boat-shaped, wingless ; cells many seeded, DC. Prod. 1.p. 177,

Small annuals, one of them of European origin, now dispersed over the globe.
Root perpendicular. Radical leaves rosulate, toothed or lobed ; cauline sagittate,
Bree Racemes terminal. Flowers small, white. Name from capsula, a
or little box. ;

1, C. Bursa-Pastoris (Moench, Meth, 27 = ; leaves runcinato-pinna-
tifid, laciniee ovate-triangular, acute and toothed ; stem leaves sagittate
at base, the uppermost undivided. E. & Z, No, 31.

Has. In cultivated ground, throughout the colony. Sept.—Oct.

A common weed, “‘Shepherd’s Purse ;” introduced from Europe. Hairy or gla-
brescent. Pedicels much longer than the purses. It varies with entire sinuate or
pinnatifid leaves ; the flowers often want petals.

Tribe III. OrTHOPLOCEA.

Seeds with broad and short incumbent, plicate cotyledons, clasping
round the radicle (o >>).
Sub-tribe I. Brasstcra.

Siliqua dehiscing longitudinally ; the septum linear. Seeds globose ;
cotyledons conduplicate.

XII, BRASSICA, Koch.

Stliqua linear or oblong, with convex, one nerved and netted-veined
valves, DC, Prod, 1. p, 213.
Biennials, rarely annual or perennial, natives of the temperate zones of both

hemispheres. Radical leaves petioled, lyrate or pinnatifid ; cauline sessile or

amplexicaul, subentire. Racemes long, leafless. Flowers bright yellow. Brassica

on

/ r

oleracea (Cabbage, Cauliflower, &e.,) B. Rapa (Turnip) and B. Napus (Rape) are—

universally known, ‘The name is derived from the Celtic bresie (or ); the
wild cabbage or navew of English fields. age ae

ae ; stem ere branching, angular,
3) ct, bre oa:

gate, and the stem subglabrous. Br. erosa, Turz. Anim. p. 41. Sisymb.
erosum, EL. Mey.

Has. Doornriver, Thunberg, Orange R., Zeyher (8). Nieuweveld, 34000 ft., Drege
B. Moojee river and Karreebosch, B.& Z. 22. Zitzekamma and near Uitenhage
£. & Z. Buffelvalley, Drege. March—April, (Herb. Thunb., Sond., Hook, T.C.D.)

Stem flexuous, a foot or more in height. Leaves scabrid, the lower petiolate, 4-6
inches long, 2-3 inches wide ; ————.. or smaller. yan 6-12 inches
long ; lines long, at. Fi. yellow: petals longer than calyx. Pods
pa. 5 igh ret commana ties ee conical beak. is

OB leptopetala (Sond.) ; stem terete; abelahd ia 7 ta fe

82 CRUCIFER# (Sond.) [Sinapis. - z

sparsely pilose, young branches hispid ; leaves glabrous, runcinato-pinna-

tifid, hispid on the petiole, the upper ones gradually smaller ; pods

patent, glabrous, 4—6 times as long as the beak. Sinapis lep

DC. 1. ep. 610. Deless Ic. Sel. 2. t 87. BH. & Z. No. 49. Sinaprs retrorsa

E. & Z. 50, non Burch. Sisymb. strigosum, fol. « & 6 Thunb. Herb. |
Has. Oliphants-riversbad, Thunberg. Hills between the Coega and Sondags River,

Uitenhage, and Adow, E. &Z. Zwartkops, Zeyher, &c., Sune—Sep. (Herb. Thunb.,
Sond., Hook ! T.C.D.) ‘

1-14 feet high, more slender than the preceding, to which it is closely allied.
Lower leaves petiolate, 2~3 inches long, 6-10 lines wide,'lobes ovate, obtuse, dentate,
the upper lobes longer and coalescent. Racemes glabrous ; pedicels 4~6 lines long,
patent in fruit. Petals longer than the calyx ; either narrower or broader than the
sepals. Pods uncial, 4 angled-compressed, with a conical beak.

3. B. nigra (Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Ed. 2. p. 59) ; all the leaves
petioled, the lower lyrate-toothed, the terminal lobe very large, lobed ?
upper leaves lanceolate entire ; pods closely pressed to the rachis. Sinapis
nigra, Linn. E. Bot. t. 969. E. & Z. No. 47.

Var. 8. levigata ; leaves and stem smooth. SS. levigata, Burm. Prod.
p. 18. ex DC.

Has. In cultivated ground. Varschevalley, near Salt-river, Cap. Z. & 2. Com
mon wild mustard. Introduced from Europe.

XII. SINAPIS, Koch.

Siliqua linear or oblong, with convex, 3-5 nerved valves. De.
Prod. 1. p. 217.

Biennials, scattered over the globe ; smooth or hairy. Leaves lyrate or toothed
and cut. Racemes terminal, leafless ; flowers yellow. Closely allied to the pre-
ceding genus, with which it is united by some botanists. Name, swam, mustard.

1. 8. retrorsa (Burch. in DC. Syst. 2. p. 609); stem sub-angular,
erect, branching, retrorsely pubescent ; leaves lyrato-pinnatifid, the
lowest lobes stipulzeform, appressedly pubescent ; upper leaves sessile,
erose ; pods long, spreading, glabrous, slightly rough ; style short.
S. Burmanni, E. & Z.! 48. Sisymb. lyratum, Meisn. in Pl. Krauss.

Has. Banks of Sondag’s river, Burchell. Konab and Key river, E. & Z. Caledon
River and Buffelvalley, Orange R., Zeyher. (7) Fort Beaufort, Drege. Port Natal, —
Krauss (412) Gueinzius, 518. July—Sep. (Herb. Meisn., Sond., T.C.D.) :

__ 1-2 feet high, leafy. Lower leaves 4~5 inches long, the lobes decreasing toward
the base, the upper lobes confluent. Racemes 6 inches long ; pedicels 4-8 lines,
scabrid. Fl. yellow, petals oblong, exceeding the calyx. Pod 3-4 inches long, valves
subcompressed, with 3-5 raised nerves. #tyle 4—1 line long.

= Ke a Sub-tribe IT, CHamirea.

Siliqua with flattish, nerveless valves. Seeds compressed ; cotyle-
dons conduplicate, twice inflexed(o >> >>). :

bey __ XIV. CHAMIRA, Thunb.

Calyx two-spurred at base. Siliqua substipitate, oblong, compressed,
with a subulate beak ; valves flattish. Suede ascend, immarginate,
DC. Prod. i. p. 131. ee Se |
A glabrous, South African herb, with petiolate, cordate leaves, and leafless

& Tes.

i a i

Brachycarpeca. | CRUCIFER (Sond.) 33

racemes of white flowers. Readily known by having the two lateral sepals produced
at base into a spur. Name, from xaua on the ground ; a low growing plant.

_ 1. C. cornuta (Thunb. Nov. Gen. 2. 48; Fl. Cap. p. 496). Sond.
i Hamburg Nat. Abhandl. 1. p. 269. t. 29. DC. Prod. 1. p. 141.

Has. In fissures of rocks, Witteklipp, Swartland, Thunberg. Sand dunes at
Saldanha Bay, Drege. Sep. (Herb. E. Mey., Sond.)

A weak growing, glabrous annual, 2 feet high, branched above. Lower leaves
opposite, sessile, reniform-cordate, 2 inches long, 3-4 inches wide ; middle leaves
mostly alternate, deeply cordate, acute, 2 inches long and wide ; uppermost smaller,
cordate-acuminate. Raceme few flowered; the flower bearing pedicels 1-2 lines,
the fruiting 4 lines long. Flowers small, white. Pods 7-10 lines long, 2-3 lines
wide, with nerveless striate valves. Seeds 2-4 in each loculus, compressed, ovate,
2 lines long, 13 line wide, with a mucilaginous epidermis. Cotyledons wider than
their length, when opened out 4 lines broad and 2 lines long, twice bent inwards
laterally ; the radicle opposite the plication, filiform, A rare, curious, and little
known plant.

Tribe IV. SprrmLopea.

Seeds with long, linear, incumbent cotyledons, spirally rolled on the
radicle. (0 |).

XV. BRACHYCARPZA, DC.

Sepals equal at base. Silicula indehiscent, didymous, with a very
narrow dissepiment ; the valves very ventricose ; loculi one seeded.
DC. Prod. 1. p, 236.

_ Glabrous, suffrutescent perennials, peculiar to S. Africa, Leaves oblong or
linear, entire. Racemes long and leafless. Flowers large, yellow or purple. Name
from Bpaxus, short, and Kaptos, fruit.

1. B. varians (DC. Syst. 2 p. 698); leaves lanceolate, glabrous ; petals
oval-oblong. Deless Ic, 2 t. 100, Cleome juncea, Thunb. Fi. Cap. p. 497-

, ie ’ Why

Sept /

Coronopus anomalus, Spr. Syst. Veg. 2. p. 853. Br. varians and he

polygaloides, EB. d& Z, 52, 51. nae
Var. @ flava; flowers yellow. Heliophila flava, Lin. f. sup. 297.

Han. Sandy fields. Swartland, Thunberg. Hills at Brackfontein, Clanwilliam,
and near wuts eon a lippberg
er eee a Genista, 3 feet high or more, with

long, striolate branches. Leaves sessile, the ‘ uncial, 2-3 lines wide ; i Se

2. B. laxa (Sond.) ; leaves linear ; petals lanceolate.

Var, « laxa; stem ascending, branches incurved. Cleome lara, Thunb.
Fl. Cap. 498. Br. linifolia, E. & Z. No. 53. Se pin
Var. 6 stricta ; stem and branches straight, erect. B. emarginata,
E. Mey. in Herb. Drege. Sond. Rev. Hel. t. 29 (fr.). t = a8

Hap. Var. «, Sandy fields, near Verloren Valley and Langeklot, Thun

34 : CRUCIFER& (Sond.) [ Cycloptychis.
river, Caledon, Z. ¢ Z. and Zeyher 1912. 8. Grom riv. and Waterval, Honigvallei,
Kamiesberg and Leliefontein, Drege 7584. (Herb. Thunb., Lehm., Sond., T.0:D.)

More slender than the last ; the stem 1-1} feet high, branches filiform, ramulous.
Leaves 4 inch long, a line wide ; flowers purplish or yellow, half the size of those

of B. varians, Petals 4 times as long as the Calyx. Fruit half the size of that of
B. varians.

Tribe V. D1rPLEcoLoBEez.

Seeds with long, linear, incumbent cotyledons twige folded trans-
versely on the radicle. (0 {||| ).

Sub-tribe I. CycLoprycHIDE#.

Silicula nucamentaceous, indehiscent, orbicular-ovate, rostrate 3 Sep-
tum orbicular ; valves somewhat convex, with elevated ridges, radiating
from the more prominent, keeled centre ; seeds solitary in each cell.

XVI. CYCLOPTYCHIS, E. Mey.
Character the same as that of the sub-tribe.

Suffruticose or herbaceous plants, peculiar to 8. Africa, with virgate branches ;
simple, entire, narrow, jeeithes: scattered leaves, and long, naked, terminal racemes
of purple flowers. They resemble Brachycarpea in aspect, but differ both in the
form of the seed vessel and structure of the seed. The name is compounded of kuKAos
a circle and mrvt a plait, or ridge, from the radiating ridges on the fruit.

1. C. virgata (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege) ; suffruticose, erect, quite
glabrous, glaucous ; branches virgate, terete ; leaves coriaceous, lanceo-
late, mucronulate ; racemes elongate ; pods glabrous. Cleome virgata
Thunb. Cap. p. 498.

Has. Interior districts, Thunberg. Piquetberg, at Groenvalley, Oct. ; Pikenier-
Kloof, Sant = Berg, 1000-2500 f., Nov., Drege. Tulbagh, £. & Z./ Sep. (Herb.

iy “E- OD).

2 feet or more high, very similar, when in flower, to Brachycarpea. Branches
simple, filiform. Leaves remote, alternate, sessile, very entire, one nerved below ;
the lower ones oblong-lanceolate, uncial, 2~3 lines wide, upper gradually smaller.
Racemes long, many flowered ; pedicels erecto-patent, 2-4 lines long. Sepals
oblong, 3 nerved, 2 lines long. Petals oblong, clawed, 5-8 lines long, P ch
Stamens 6, as long as the calyx ; anthers linear, notched at base. Ripe poue
brownish, the orbicular valves 3 lines in diameter, the smooth beak equalling them in
length. Seeds x line long. sgn

; 2. ©. polygaloides (Sond.); herbaceous, very thinly pubescent 5
stem weak, branched ; branches filiform ; leaves oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, acute, narrowed at base ; raceme short ; pods (young) pU-
bescentt Jo o5 pee

Has. Tulbagh, Nov. Zeyher (Herb. Sond.).

Decumbent, with the a§ Pelpeats seicete a span long, slender. Leaves
alternate, closely set, 4-6 long, 1-14 line wide. Raceme 4-8 flowered ; pedicels
Peg mg Meteo hey eee

z tals more than twice as lon ’ %
plish. St. 6. Ovary 3-li es long, ovate, restrato-aouainate,, Ripe fruit unknown.

+ | Sub-tribe II. PALMSTRUKTER.

Silicula indehiscent, orbicular, one celled, one seeded ; valves fiat

es

Palmstruckia.] CRUCIFER (Sond.) 35

XVII PALMSTRUOKIA, Sond.

Silicula sessile, orbicular, compresso-plane, indehiscent, unilocular,
one seeded, Seed orbicular, compressed, with a membranous, marginal
wing. Cotyledons linear, incumbent, twice folded.

A glabrous, erect herb. Leaves linear-filiform. Flowers racemose, cernuous ;
pedicels filiform, ebracteate. Name in honour of J. W. Palmstruck, editor of
** Svensk Botanik.”* :

1. P. Capensis. (Sond.) Peltaria Capensis, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 490.
(non. Lin, f.). :

Has. Onderste Roggeveld, Nov. (deflorata) Thunberg. (Herb. Thunb.) Stem
herbaceous, somewhat decumbent at base, then erect, terete, a foot high, alternately
branched. Leaves remote, according to Thunb. “filiform.” Fruiting racemes
elongate ; pedicels 6-9 lines long. Ripe pods 7-8 lines long and wide, rounded at
top or somewhat retuse, tipped with a very short style ; the valves flattish, nerve-
less, veined. Septum none. Seed 3 lines in diameter, emarginate. Not found by
any collector since Thunberg. The flowers are unknown.

Sub-tribe ITI. Hetiopuitra.
Siliqua dehiscent or rarely indehiscent, elongate, or rarely oblong or
oval, with a linear or oval septum ; valves flat or somewhat convex.
Seeds several.

XVIUL CARPONEMA, Sond.

Siliqua sessile, indehiscent, linear, terete, tapering to each end, tipped
with a conical style, somewhat constricted between the seeds, with a
very thin septum, two-celled ; one cell smaller and empty, the other
seed-bearing : valves hardened, nerveless. Seeds in a single row, oblong,
terete, immarginate, separated by transverse partitions. Sond. in Hamb.
Naturwus. Abhandl. 1. p. 178.

XTX. HELIOPHILA, Burm. L.

Siliqua sessile or pedicellate, dehiscent, compressed or subterete, the
margins either straight, or sinuated, constricted between the seeds, and
moniliform ; with a membranous septum, two-celled, bivalve. Seeds
in a single row, compressed, often bordered with a wing. DC. Prod.
I p- 23 I. ; : . 5

Annuals or suffruticose perennials, natives exclusively of South Africa. Leaves
various. Racemes elongate, leafless ; pedicels filiform, Flowers yellow, white, rosy

* Palmstruckia, M. C. Retz. Obs. Bot. 1810.==Chenostoma, Benth ay poe
peste gor and which it seems undesirable to alter. Te ae ‘e ane <7
posed Sei theterve Palestrsl's name to a Cape plant. — > ge ee

8

36 CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) [ Heliophila.

or sky-blue. Name, jAss the Sun, and grew to love; the species inhabit sunny
- places. The following table is intended to assist the student :—

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
Sec. 1, Leprormus. Pods linear, moniliform ; the beading oval. Herbs.

* Style thickened, nodose, acute... ... ... ... «+ +s (1) dissecta, a
** Style nearly filiform :
t Pods erect:
(a) quite glabrous,
Leaves entire or tripartite ... ... ... .. (5) longifolia.
Leaves pinnati-partite 4. ... 0 ... ss (2) Some
(b) hairy in the lower part.
Stem hollow ; pods erecto-patent ... ... ... (8) fistulosa.
Stem solid ; pods closely same: ves eee (3) @aledonica.
(c) hairy all over... ose vss cee ane” (7) Pubescens,
t+ Pods reflexed or pendulous :
Style short, obtuse ... ... .. «. «+ «- (6) affinis.
Style long, filiform .... ..; (4) Eckloniana.

Sec. 2. Ormiscus. Pods linear, scienadtefonia — orbicular. Herbs.
* Allthe stamens toothless, or the twoshorter ones toothed.

Leaves oblong, or somewhat a vs. ss (9) amplexicanlis. .
Leaves linear, undivided . Sotveer wea (10) pusilla,
Leaves linear, pinnati-partite : ;
(a) glabrous species. :
+ Glaucescent (blueish-green)... ... ......_ (13) monticola.
tt Green :
the shorter stamens toothed... .., ... ... (16) trifida.
~ all the stamens toothless:
style as long as the pedicel ... ... ... (12) concatenata.
style shorter than the pedicel :
(1) Petals- obovate :
leaf-Jobes flat ; pods sub-erect ... (11) rivalis.
leaf-lobes furrowed ; pods esvinlons (x4) pendula.
(2) Petals oblong ... (13) e
(b) Pubescent species... ... 12. cse evs eee (17) Coronopifolia.
** All the stamens toothed ... 2. 0. 2. 2. sc. eee (18) dentifera.
Src. 3. SeLenocarPa#a. Pods oval or das onal. Herbs.
: Pods compressed ; oblong, 4-8 seeded ... ae 19) diffusa.
Pods compressed, ovate-orbicular, 3 seeded... (20) Peltaria.
_ Pods somewhat inflated ... (21) flacea.

Src. 4, Sunnciien. Pod linear, with denight margins. (Jn H. elata,
H. cornuta and H. refracta somewhat torulose. Herbs or Shrubs.
§ Subsection 1: Herbaceous species.

* Leaves pinnati-partite :
(A) Pods oblongo-linear. ~
Style thickened, cylindrical ... ... ... ... (23) maecrostylis.

Style short, filiform... ... ... ... ... ... (22) latisiliqua.

Pods patent or pendulous... ee wes ae nee (24) Meyeri.

pe. MS eye ae ee eee!

Heliophila.] CRUCIFER (Sond.) 37
Pods erect ; leaves subsessile ; stem solid (30) viminalis.
Pods erect ; leaves on long bent - stem
HOlOW 55 3s. . .. (31) tenuifolia.
++ Stamens toothless : linis pede: or ‘seldeanbed)
Pods compressed, 1 nerved 5 seeds orbicular,
margined (32) seselifolia.
Pods compressed, 3 necned | ; seeds suborbicular, Z
immarginate ..... (25) pectinata.
Pods torulose ; seeds ovate, immarginate .. (33) refracta.
(b) Hairy or velvetty species.
t Stamens toothless :
Plant velvetty, pubescent... ... (26) erithmifolia.
Plant hairy below, glabrous above .. (27) chameemelifolia.
++ The shorter stamens toothed.
Plant somewhat hairy ; pods compressed ... (28) foeniculacea.
Plant velvetty pubescent ; pods subterete (29) gracilis,
** Leaves trifurcate (the lobes narrow linear) .. (34) trifurea.
*** Leaves entire (in H. pilosa sometimes lobed).
Plant blueish-glaucous ; leaves linear lanceo-
late; pods upright... . (36) stricta
Plant green ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed at tg
base ; pods ‘spreading aye Wak aes (37) linearis.
1 93 leaves linear. (35) divaricata.
»» 99 lower leaves crowded, spe :
ieee cores ie - = (38) graminea.
wry (or glabrous eaves
yo” oblong eas” pilosa.
§§ Subsection 2. Shrubby species.
* Sepals horned at the apex .. eee (44) cornuta.
** Sepals simple (not horned) :
(A) Leaves lobed .dhim (42) abrotanifolia.
(B) Leaves undivided : el
(a) Leaves amplexicaul : oblongo-lanceolate nn alate brassicefolia.
ss ¥ ovate, acute ... ... '... (41) reticulata.
(b) ,, sessile : Senge:
leaves ‘ike pabalane * (54) scoparia. =~
leaves linear-spathulate ...0 20.0 ke sen eee ‘0 trachycarpa.
leaves ovate (small), muricate ... ... ... +» (57) Dregeana. ~
+t Racemes elongate, many flowered : Ce oe
a oa diseia. deteis rene ca te yea wee 53) oo
ves +e . *. - OO pn. OOF
leaves lanceolate... (55) callosa,

leaves linear or filiform : with bctancaditicess pods 9 elata.
t-edged pods

leaves linear or filiform, with straigh’
Style as long as the RE or longer.
Pods linear, pendulous Ove

yy lanceolate, pendulo:

3, linear, suberect ..

wee aes

Style half as long as the pedicel, ar oe

Leaves eaten — as

eee

A. (52) stylosa.
(a9) a

ee suavissima.

38 CRUCIFER (Sond.) [Heliophila.

Sec. 5. Pachysryium. Pubescent suffrutices. Pods linear, tipped with
-. a short and thickened style.

Leaves spathulate ... ... ... ... (58) imeana.
Leaves linear ... ... ... ... «. (59) aremaria,

Sec. 6. Lanceonarta. Glabrous shrubs, with lanceolate pods.
Leaves linear-spathulate, mucronate ;
raceme short... ... .. ... ... (60) florulenta,
Leaves linear-acute ; raceme elongate (61) macrosperma.

— Sec. 1. Leprormus (DC.). Stliqua sessile, subcompressed, very slen-
der, submoniliform, that is, contracted between the seeds ; the beadings
ovate-oblong. Annuals, (Sp. 1-8),

1. H. dissecta (Thunb. Prod. p. 108); herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
slender, submoniliform, tipped with a thick, nodose, acute style ; radi-
cal leaves very narrow, entire, trifid or tripartite. ZLhunb. Cap. p. 495:
DC. Syst. 2. 680. Sond. l. c. t. 18.. Leptormus dissectus, E. & Z. 5°.
L. trifidus, E. & Z. 64 (cx parte). Pachystylum glabrum,E. & Z, No.109.

Var. 8, albiflora ; stem much branched, flowers white. Sond. 1.¢.

Var. y. simplex; very small ; all the leaves entire. H. tenella, Banks.
DC. l.c. Lept. tenellus, E& Z. 58. |

Has. Sandy and stony places. Zwartland, Thunberg. Capeflats, and mts. round
Capetown ; Hott, Holland ; Pottberg, Caledon, £. & Z. Nieuwekloof, Drege! 735?-
Klipfontein, Zeyher, 47 and 48. " Oct._Nov. (Herb. Thunb., Vahl, Sond.).

Stem erect, simple or branched, 6 inches to 2 feet high, with subvirgate branches.
Leaves crowded in the lower part of the stem, 2-6 inches.long. Rachis of the pi
nati-partite leaves 4-1 line broad, lateral lobes 5—7, erecto-patent, 3-5 lines long,
rarely uncial. Upper leaves smaller, undivided... Flowering racemes short, few
flowered : fruiting elongated. Flowers either blue, with a yellowish centre, lilac,
yellowish or white. Sepals 2 lines long. Petals obovate, twice as long as the calyx.
Shorter stamens toothed at base. Pods erect or somewhat spreading, 1-14 inches
long, 4—{ line broad, terete or subcompressed, obsoletely 1-3 nerved. Style thickened,
cuspidate, 4~1 line long. Seeds oval, not margined. :

2. H. sonchifolia (DC. Syst. 2. 681); herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
erecto-patent, slender, subcompressed, torulose, tipped with a conwo-
Siliform style; radical leaves pinnati-partite, lobes 2-3 pair, Wnear >
_ lateral stamens toothed. Sond. 1. ¢. p. 204. Lept. trifidus, E. & Z. 4s

‘Has. Stony places. On the mts. round Capetown and Hott. Holl., Afassom,
Bergius, E. & Z. Oct. (Herb: Reg. Ber., Sandee

_ Very similar to the preceding ; but differs in the broader leaf-lobes and com-

subacuminate pods, with a filiform style. Stem afoot high, somewhat

exuous, with virgate branches. Radical leaves crowded, 3-4 inches long, lobes
opposite, subacute, 4-6 lines long, 4-9 line wide, with interspaces of 2-3 lines.
Cauline ee ee ones undivided. Flowers blue, similar to were of S
dissecta. La eR ene? : i vel
narrow margitel wing. _ % line wide. Seeds oval, compressed, with a

8 H. Caledonica (Sond. 1. c. p. 205) ; herbaceous, hairy at base ; pods
ites pig a rp tipped with a conico-filiform style ; leaves
ely or bipinnately parted, lobes linear-setaceous ; lateral stamens
toothed. Lept. Caledonicus, B. Z. No. 60.
al << Caledonbaths, EB. & 2. Rietvalley, Bergius. Aug. (Herb. | :

Heliophila.| - CRUCIFER& (Sond.) 39

Stem 2 feet high, terete, branched beyond the middle. Lower leaves often
crowded, glabrous or velvetty with very short hairs, 3-4 inches long, with a long
shee ; the lobes 3-1 inch long. Upper leaves trifid, glabrous ; rameal undivided.

es elongate. Petals obovate, bright blue. Pods compressed, 2 inches long,
{ line wide. Style 1 line long. Seeds compressed, immarginate.

4. H. Eckloniana (Sond. 4. c. p. 206. t. 20) ; herbaceous, glabrous ;
pods submoniliform, refered, tipped with a long, filiform style ; leaves
linear, entire or partite ; stamens toothless. Lept. acuminatus, LH. & Z. 57.

HAs, Stony and rocky places. Mountains near Klapmutz 3d alt, Stell., Z. & Z.
Between Eikenboom and Riebeckskasteel, below 1ooof. Drege 7553! Paarlberg ?
Drege 7782 (fi.) Oct. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

A foot high or more. Lower leaves 2 inches and longer, undivided or 3-5 fid at
the apex, lobes linear, unequal. Upper leaves entire, or rarely 2-3 lobed. Flowers
white, small. Pods linear, uncial ; with 1 nerved valves. Style 2 lines long. Seeds
not margined. Bs :

5. H. longifolia (DC. Syst. 2.681); herbaceous, glabrous 3 pods very
slender, compressed, submoniliform, patent, tipped with a punctiform
stigma ; leaves linear, entire or tripartite ; petals broadly obovate ;
lat. stamens toothed. Sond.l.c.p.207. t. 19. H. filiformis, Lam. Dict.3.p.91.
Iilustr. t. 563. f. 3. H. liniflora, BE. & Z. 75.

Has. On hills. Brackfontein, alt. 2, Clanw., Z. & Z. near Hellrivier, Drege 3171.
Jul. Aug. (Herb. Vahl, Lamk. (Roper, ) Sond.) :

Known from H. dissecta by its more slender habit, broader irregularly divided
leaves, lenge flowers and stigma. Stem 1-2 feet high, branched about the mid-
dle ; branches virgate. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 1 line wide, the lobes unequal,
middle one generally longer ; upper leaves undivided. Racemes slender, the
fruiting ones 3-4 inches long. Flowers large, blue, with a yellowish centre. Pods
14-2 inches long, with compressed three-nerved valves. Seeds (immature) com-
pressed, not margined. ‘ :

6. H. affinis(Sond. 1. c.p. 208); herbaceous, glabrous ; pods very slen-
der, pendulous, tipped with a short obtuse style ; leaves linear, entire ;
stamens toothless. H. longifolia E. Mey. Herb. Drege,non DO.

Has. Mountains. Between Uitkomst and Geelbeks— Kraal; Haasenkraals
ae 2-3000f., and Camiesberg, Kl. Namaqualand, Drege/ Aug. (Herb. Hook.

nd. T.C.D. ee

A span ‘oi branched from the base. Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 4 line
wide. Racemes distantly flowered. Pedicels erect, deflexed after flov :
Flowers small, yellowish. Pods compressed, 1-1} inches long, 4 line wide.

7. H. pubescens (Burch. Tray. 1. p. 259) ; herbaceous, hairy ; pods
patent, compressed, submoniliform, Bpped- with a short style ; leaves
pinnati-partite, lobes in 4-5 pairs, linear; stamens toothless. Sond.
lc. p. 208. H. hirsuta, B. Mey. Hb. Drege. ;

Has. Rocky places. Rhinoster river, Burchell. South side of Zuurplas Mt.’
Sneeuwberg, Ff een Drege, Aug. (Herb. Burch., Sond., T.C.D.)

A span long, branched from the base. Leaves pectino-pinnate, clothed with white
hairs ; rachis a line wide in the lower leaves, 2 inches long ; in the upper half that
length ; lobes 3-5 at each side, acute, 4-6 lines long, a line wide, generall oppo-
site. Fi. very small, pale rosy or white. Racemes at length elongate. —

icels 1 line long. Sepals 1 line long ; petals a little longer. Pods 6 lines long,

line wide : with three-nerved valves. Seeds suborbicular, not margined.

8. H. fistulosa (Sond. 1. c. p. 209) ; herbaceous, hairy at base 4 ee

40 CRUCIFERE (Sond.) [ Heliophila.

linear, elongate, erecto-patent, submoniliform, compressed, tipped with
a filiform style ; leaves narrow-linear, the lower ones mostly trifid. at
the points ; stem Aollow ; lateral stamens toothed. Lept. tripartetus
E. & Z. 61. He. spheerostigma, Kunze, Ind. Sem. Hort. Lips. 1849.

Has. Sandy places. Heerelogement, Clanw. Z. & Z. Haasenkraals River,
Drege 75730. Oct. (Herb. Sond.)

2 feet high, glabrous from the middle to the top, striate, below generally some-
what inflated ; branches slender. Lower leaves hairy or glabrous, on long petioles.
trifid, rarely undivided ; lobes shorter than the 2-inch-long petioles. Racemes elon-
gate. FI, blue, rather large, Pods 3 inches long, 1 line wide. Style a line long,
Seeds suborbiculate, ga

Sect. 2. Ormiscus (DC.) Pods sessile, much compressed, moniliform,
that is, the margins between the seeds sinuately-contracted ; the beadings
generally one-seeded, orbicular. Seed orbicular, much compressed, An-
nuals. (Sp. 9-18.)

9. H. amplexicaulis (Linn. f. Suppl. 296); herbaceous, glabrous
or somewhat hairy ; pods moniliform, spreading ; lowest leaves oppo-
site, obtuse, upper alternate cordato-amplecicaul, oblong or lanceolate,
acute, very entire. Thunb. Fl. Cap. 494. Jacq. fragm.4g. t. 64.t. 2+ De.
Syst. 2. p. 682. Sond.l.c. p.210. Trentepohlia integrifolia Roth. Cat.
Bot. 2. 76. Orm. amplex. E. & Z. No. 65.

Var, 8. grandiflora; flowers twice as large, white.

Var. y. spathulata ; stem weak, 3~4 inches long, leaves sessile spa-
thulate ; fl. smaller. H. spathulata, H. Mey. Herb. Drege. 5

Has. On hills, in sandy soil. Saldanha Bay ; Zwartland and elsewhere, Thun-
berg. Brackfontein, Clan, Z. & Z. Oliphant’s R.; between Zwartdoorn R. and
Groen river; in Langvallei, and at Leliefontein at the foot of Mt. Ezelskop,
1-5000f., Drege 7550. 8. Wupperthal, Drege 7351. y. Camiesberg, &c. 3-4000ft.
Drege. Jul.-Nov. (Herb. Sond. T.0.D.

1-2 feet high, glaucous. Stem terete, fistular. Lower branches opposite ; upper
alternate. Leaves 5-nerved on the under side, the lower opposite, subcordate at
base, sessile, uncial, 2-3 lines wide; upper 1-2 inches long, 3-4 lines wide.
Racemes elongating : pedicels filiform, 8-12 lines, or 4-6 lines long. Flowers
purple, yellowish or white. Pods uncial, tapering to base and apex ; style filiform.

10. H. pusilla (Lin. f. Suppl. 295); herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
moniliform, patent ; leaves linear-setaceous, entire. Zhunb. Cap. 493-
DC. Syst. 2.684. Sond. l.c.210. Un. It. No. 390 and 404. H. tenut-
siliqua DO. lc. 680. Deless, Ic. 2. t. 96. Orm. pusillus and tenuisiliqua,

“EB. § Zt 66, 67. Drege 7554, 7555.

11. H. rivalis (Burch. Cat. No. 5496.) ; herbaceous, glabrous, green ;
pods moniliform, suberect, tipped with a moderate style thrice as short as
the pedicel ; leaves pinnati-partite, lobes rather remote, 3-5 pall,
linear, acute ; petals obovate ; stamens toothless. DC. Syst. 2. 682.
Sond, Leh. 215.5 | Se Ss

Ba

Heliophila.] CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) 41

Has. In wet places. Melkout-kraal, Knysna, Burchell. Paarlberg, 1-2000f.
Drege 7577. Nov.~Dec. (Herb. Burch., Sond.)

Stem 1-2 feet high, striate, with spreading branches. Leaves subdistant, their
rachis 2-3 inches long, a line wide, with 3-5 opposite or alternate lobes at each
side, 3-4 lines between each, 6-12 lines long, acute. Upper leaves smaller, trifid
or entire. Racemes 6 inches long. Fl. white, purplish or lilac. Petals twice as
long as the calyx. Pods 11 inches long, a line wide ; style filiform 1-2 lines long.
Seeds immarginate.

12. H. concatenata(Sond. 1. c. p. 214.) ; herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
moniliform, pendulous, tipped with a long-filiform style equalling the
pedicel ; leaves pinnati-partite, lobes in 5—7 pair, linear, subacute ; pe-
tals obovate, clawed ; stamens toothless. Drege, 7576, a.

Has. Rocky and stony places. Paarlberg, Drege. Aug.-Oct. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Stems several, 1-2 feet high, flexuous, with slender branches. Leaves 2-3 inches
long, their rachis a line wide, lobes 5-8 lines long, opposite or alternate. Upper
leaves trifidor entire. Fl. lilac. Petals twice as long as the calyx. Pods 1}inches -
long, with 10-14 ovate-orbicular, often rather remote beadings. Seeds immarginate.

13. H. variabilis (Burch. Cat.. 1249.) ; herbaceous, glabrous, green ;
pods moniliform, suberect, tipped with a short style ; leaves pinnati-
partite, lobes 3-5 pair, linear, acute, the terminal elongated ; petals
oblong ; stamens toothless. DC. Syst. 2.683. Sond. I. c. 214.

Var. 8. tenuifolia, leaves subfiliform ; pedicels elongate. H. dis-
secta, a, Herb. Drege.

Has. Desert places. Roggeveld, near Jack Riv. Burchell. B. near Goedemans-
kraal, Rustbank and Kookfontein in Kaus, 3-4000ft. Drege. Sept.—Oct. (Herb.
Burchell. 8. in Herb Sond., T.C.D.)

A foot high, resembling 4. chamaemelifolia. TRachis of the leaves 2~3 inches
long, 1 line wide ; the lobes uncial, the terminal one longest. Raceme long ; pedi-
cels 5-6 lines long, those of the fruit 7-8 lines. Fl. white or rosy. Pods (young)
Bovey B. has leaves twice as narrow ; fruit pedicels 1 inch long ; and twice larger,

owers,

14. H. pendula (Willd. Sp. IIL. 529.); herbaceous, glabrous, green ;
pods moniliform, pendulous, tipped with a short style ; leaves pinnati-
partite, lobes 3-5 pair, linear, acute, channelled above ; petals obovate ;
stamens toothless. DC. Syst. 2. p. 683. (excl. syn. Lam.) Sond. l. c.
215. HH. pennata, Vent. Malm. t. 113 (excl. syn.) R. Br. Hort. Kew 2.
vol. 4. p. 102 (non. Lin. f.) Ormiscus pinnatus, B. Z. 68. Drege 7579.

Has. Grassy fields. Zwartkops and Krakakamma, Uitenhage, 2. ¢ Z. Swellen-
er — ca Brede river and Hassagaiskloof, Zeyh. 1898 (Herb. Willd.

nd,, T.C.D.) © te ”

tems several, the middle ones erect, 1-2 feet high, lateral spreading,
with oko peient branches. Leaves somewhat fleshy, Shs bee mostly opppoaite
6-12 lines long, 4 line wide or shorter. Fruiting racemes 6 inches long: flower
stalks erect, fruit-st. recurved. Sepals 1 line long; petals 2 lines, pale yellow
Pods uncial, with about 12, rarely confluent beadings.

15. H. monticola (Sond. l.c. p. 216.) ; herbaceous, glabrous, glau-
cous ; pods moniliform erecto-patent ; lower leaves pinnati-partite, lobes
3-5 pair, linear-subulate ; uppermost trifid ; lateral stamens toothed. H.
pendula, E. Mey. Herb. Drege. : aes

Has. Hills at Mierenkasteel, below 1000f. Drege. Aug, (Herb. Sond.,

<i slbadeeensniial, 4-8 inches high. Stem flexuous, branched from

T.C.D. eee

42 CRUCIFER (Sond.) [Hi eliophila.

Leaves I-I} inch, lobes opposite, 6-10 lines long ; upper similar or rarely trifid,
never undivided. Flower stalks 5-6 lines, in fruit g-12 lines long. Fl. small,
violet. Pods uncial, a line wide, with a short style. Habit of the preceding ; but
more nearly related to the following species.

16. H. trifida (Thunb. prod. 108.) ; herbaceous, glabrous, green ;
pods moniliform, spreading or pendulous ; lower leaves trifid or rarely
pinnately 5—parted, with subfiliform lobes ; wpper entire ; lateral sta-
mens toothed. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 495. DC. Syst. 2. p. 683. Sond. t.
ce. 217. H. pinnata, L. f. Sup. 297. ,

Has. Sandy places. Cape Flats, Thunb., Preiss, W.H.H., Ecklon. Assagaiskloof,
Zeyher. 1902, ex parte. Sep.-_Nov. (Herb. Thunb., DC., Sond., T.C.D.)

Very like H. pusilla. Stem ~1 foot high, simple or much branched, the branches
ascending. Leaves uncial, rarely biuncial, the lobes equalling the petioles or
shorter ; the middle one longest. Racemes 6-12 flowered. Fl, small purplish,
like those of Arabis verna, Flower stalks erect, 3-4 lines, in fruit spreading 5-6
lines long. Pods 1-14 inch long, or shorter ; the beadings often confluent, tipped
with a short style. ;

17. H. coronopifolia (Lin. Sp. 927. excl. syn. Pluk.) ; herbaceous,
velvetty-pubescent, or in the upper part, glabrous ; pods moniliform, patu-
lous or pendulous, tipped with a short style ; leaves pinnati-partite,
lobes close together 4—7 pair, linear, subacute ; stamens toothless. DC.
Syst. 2. 687. E.&Z. 79. Sond. l. c. 218 Thunb. in Herb. (non Prod.
nec Fl. Cap.)

Has. Moist places. East side of Devil’s Mountain, £. 42. Drakensteenberg,
1=2000f: Drege, 7576. and H. pusilla, c. Sept. (Herb. Thunb., Sond.) >

A small, slightly branched annual ; minutely pubescent or somewhat hairy at
base. Leaves glabrous or downy, 2-inches long, pectinate, lobes 1-2 lines apart,
3-5 lines long, 3-1 line wide ; upper similar, smaller. Racemes 8-16 flowered.
Flowers middle size, purplish. Flower stalks 2-3 lines, in fruit 5-6 lines long.
Pods uncial, a line wide, style 1 line long.

18. H. dentifera (Sond. 1.c.219) ; herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
(young) suberect, submoniliform, tipped with a Ete style ; leayes
pinnati-partite, the lobes 6-8 pair, linear, obtuse ; all the stamens toothed,
the tooth ciliate.

Has. Devil's Mt., 2 alt. H.&@Z. Nov. (Herb. Sond.)

11 foot high, quite glabrous, resembling the preceding species, but more robust,
the leaflobes twice as wide ; the flowers larger and white, and the stamens toothed.
Lower leaves crowded, 2-3 inches long, petioled, their rachis and lobes 1-1} lines
wide ; lobes conspicuously 3-nerved and veiny : the cauline smaller, with narrower

lobes. Ripe fruit not known. '

Sec. 8. Senmvocanrxa DC. Pods oval, or suborbicular, fer-seeded,
tipped with a style. Seeds much compressed, orbicular. Glabrous
annuals, (Sp,.1g—21.) _

19. H. diffusa (DC. Syst. 2. p. 685) ; herbaceous, glabrous ; pods ob-
long, compressed, 4-8 seeded, much longer than the style ; leaves pinnati-
partite, with linear filiform lobes. Sond. lc. p.220. t, 21. Lunaria
diffusa, Thunb. Cap. 491. Farsetia dif. Desv. Journ. Bot. 3. 173. Selen.
diffusa, E. ¢ Z. No. 71. Hel. lepidioides, Link. En. 2. 174.

Has. Sandy and stony places. Foot of Devil’s Mt. E. & Z. Roodesand, between
Nieuwekloof & Slangenteuvel. Drege Aug.—Oct. (Herb. Thunb. R.Berl.Sond. T.C.D.)

i ae
eid

Heliophila.] CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) 43

Stems decumbent, a foot or more long, weak, with filiform, erect branches. Lower
leaves 1-2 inches long, on each side with 2~3 linear patent lobes, 4-6 lines long.
Upper subsessile, similar or trifid. Racemes lax. Flowers small, white. Fruit stalks
2-3 lines long. Pods 3-5 lines long, 14 lines wide, their style 1-1 line long ; ‘valves
obtuse at each end, one nerved, veiny. Seeds 4-8, rarely 3 in each pod, with a very
nalrow margin. :

20. H. Peltaria (DC. Syst. 2. 685) ; herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
sessile, oval-orbicular, compressed, 2-3 seeded, about twice as long as the
filiform style ; leaves pinnati-partite, with linear lobes. Sond. l. ¢. p.
222, t.22. f.2. Peltaria capensis, L. f. suppl. 296 (non Thunb.) Lunaria
pinnata, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 491. Aurinia capensis, Desv. 1. c. p. 162. and
Farsetia pinnata, p. 173. Selenocarpea pinnata, E. & Z. No. 70.

Has. Stony and rocky places, Among the Silver Trees on Devil’s Mt., E. & Z.
Drege., Hills round Capetown, W.H.H. Sept.-Oct. (Herb. Thunb., Sond., T.C.D.)

Smaller and more slender than the preceding, with much shorter pods. | Stems
6 inches long. Leaves, racemes and flowers as in H, diffusa. Pods 2 lines long, 14
line wide ; style 1 line. Seeds 2, rarely 3.

ei. H. flacca (Sond. lc. p. 223. t. 22. f 1.); herbaceous, glabrous ;
pods on short pedicels, ovate, somewhat swollen, two-seeded, tipped with a
style of equal length to the pod ; leaves pinnati-parted, lobes linear-
setaceous. Sélen. Peltaria, E. & Z. 69. (excl. Syn.) Zeyher 1894.

Has. Among shrubs, 2 alt. Caledon Baths, Zwarteberg, E.d@:Z. Aug. (Herb. Sond.)

Easily known from the preceding, by its more slender, mostly erect stem, setaceous
leaves and inflated pedicellate pods. Lower leaves petiolate, their rachis uncial,
lobes 3-5 at each side, opposite or alternate. Flowers small, white. Pods 11 lines
long, a line wide, valves ventricose ; cells one seeded. | ;

Src. 4. Orrnosenis, DC. Pods sessile or subsessile, compressed, linear,
with perfectly straight or sub-sinuate, (rarely somewhat moniliform) mar-
gins ; tipped with a style. (Sp. 22-57.)

Sub-section 1. Stems herbaceous, annual. (Sp. 22-39.)

22. H, latisiliqua (E. Mey. Herb. Drege) ; herbaceous, glabrous, or
hairy at base ; pods subpendulous, oblongo-linear, one-nerved, netted-
veined, tipped with a short, filiform style ; leaves somewhat fleshy,
pinnati-partite, lobes 3-4 pair, filiform, close together > stamens toothless,
Sond. l.c. p. 224. Lunaria elongata, Thunb, Cap. 492. Carpopodium
Thunbérgity Bila BEN QciGbrtr® als! i eA a ie

s. Stony and sandy places. Between Verlooren Valley and Lange Kloof, —
Thanberg. 1 Kloof, and Witsenberg Mt., Z. & Z. Botieesi Hexriverberg
and Bokkeveld, 3-4000f. Drege Sep.-Oct. (Herb. Thunb., E. Mey., Sond.)

A foot high. Stem short, branches flexuous, ascending, elongate, simple, or
slightly branched, with few leaves. Leaves pectinate ; their obtuse rachis uncial,
+ line wide, the lobes 2—3 lines long, 4-1 line apart. Cauline leaves smaller. Racemes

ew-flowered : fi. stalks 4-6 lines, in fruit 8-11 lines long. Petals Lg sion 2 lines
long. Pods sessile or shortly stalked, 1-14 inches long, 3 lines wide, often purplish,
with a broad, green medial line. Seeds broadly winged

23. H. macrostylis (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege) ; herbaceous glabrous ;

pods pendulous, oblong-linear, one-nerved, somewhat veiny, tipped with = ee

a thick, cylindrical style ; leaves pinnati-partite, lobes 3-4 pair, linear,
elongate, remote ; lateral stamens toothed. Sond. l.c.p.225.
Has. Between Kooperberg and Silverfontein. Drege. Sep. (Herb. E. Mey., Sc

44 CRUCIFER& (Sond.) [ Heliophila.

Differs from the preceding chiefly by its taller stem (11-2 feet high) ; larger and
more numerous leaves, but particularly by the thickened style. Root leaves none ;
cauline somewhat glaucous, 31-4 inches long, their rachis 3 lines wide, acute, the
lobes 1-11 inches long, 1 line wide. Pedicels as in preceding. Petals white, 2} lines

long, 14 inches long, 4 lines wide ; style 11-2 lines long, $3 line wide. .

24. H. Meyeri (Sond. 1. c. p. 226); herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
linear, one-nerved, spreading or pendulous, not tapering at base, tipped
with a filiform style ; leaves pinnati-partite, the lobes 4-5 pair, pectl-
nate, linear, subdistant ; lateral stamens toothed. H. pectinata, E. Mey.,
non Burch... :

Has. Stony places in the shade. Near the river at Gnadendhal, 2-3000f. Drege.
Oct. (Herb. E. Mey., Sond.)

Stems several, erect or ascending ; branches erecto-patent. Root leaves crowded,
their rachis 3-4 inches long, acute, a line wide ; lobes sub-remote, 4-6 lines long, @
line wide. Upper stem leaves trifid or entire. Flowers mediocre, yellowish, or
white. Pods uncial, a line wide, valves with a raised medial line and two la
obsolete nerves. Style 1-14 lines long.

25. H. pectinata (Burch. Trav. 1. p. 260) ; herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
narrow-linear, three nerved, attenuate at base, pendulous ; leaves pinnati-
partite, the lobes 3—s pair, linear, near together ; stamens toothless. DC.
Syst. 2. p.688. Sond. l.c. p. 227. H. inconspicua, E. Mey. Herb. Drege.

Has. In the Roggeveld, near Riet river, Burchell. Mts. between Hexriviersberg
= Par ixs in stony places, 3-4000f. Drege. Aug.—Sep. (Herb. Burch., E. Mey.,

nd., T.C.D.) ;

A delicate little plant, 3-6 inches high, much resembling H. Peltaria in habit, but
with very different fruit. Stem erect, flexuous, with spreading branches. Root
leaves linear-spathulate and trifid ; the rest pinnati-partite, the lobes acute, opposite,
14-2 lines apart ; 2-3 or 5 lines long, 1-1 line wide. Upper leaves trifid or entire.
Racemes distantly flowered ; fl. stalks 2 lines long. Flowers very small, white.
Pods 6-8 lines long, 1-1 line wide, with a very short style. Seeds immarginate.

26. H. crithmifolia (Willd. En. 2. 682) ; herbaceous, velvety pubes-
cent ; pods linear, one-nerved, pendulous, cpaque, tipped with a very
short style ; leaves pinnati-partite, somewhat fleshy, the lobes 2-4 pall,
subremote, semiterete, furrowed above ; stamens toothless. DC. Syst
2. 689. Del. Ic.2.t.97. Sond.l.c.p.228. H. seselifolia, E. § Z. 81. &
parte. Sisymb, crithmifolium, Roth.

Var. 8. parviflora, Burch : fl. smaller, white.

Var. y. levis, Sond. ; stem taller, velvetty or pilose below, glabrous
in the upper part; leaf-lobes 1-14 inch long, glabrous. H. levis, E.
Mey. Herb. Drege. :

__ Has. In sandy fields and hillsides. Roggeveld Karroo, near Tuch river, Bur-
chell. hant’s river, Z. é¢ Z. Hassagaiskloof, and R. Zonderende, Zeyher 190% a”
Se ee ee

6-12 inches high or more, ‘Leaves aide long, their rachis linear, channelled,
acute. Racemes elongating. Pedicels glabrous, §—6 lines long. FI. small, purple,
or in var 8. white ; in var. -y. yellowish. Pods 15-20 lines long, 13-2 lines wide,
valves marked with a raised, medial line. Seeds narrow margined.

27. H. chamemelifolia (Burch. Trav. ne 222, aise bs herbaceous,
hairy below, glabrous above ; pods linear, st or scolidia one-nerved,
_ shining, tipped with a very short style ; Jeaves pinnati-partite, fleshy, the

- Heliophila.] CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) . 4B

lobes 2-4 pair, subremote, dinear ; stamens toothless. DC. Syst. 2. p.
689. Sond.l.¢.p.229. H. seselifolia, E. § Z. pro parte. H. crithmifolia
Drege, ex parte.

Has. Roggeveld Karroo, at Ongeluch and Tuchrivers, Burchell. Fields near,
Oliphants R., .4Z. Hills at Mierenkasteel, Drege. Jul._Aug. (Herb. Burch.
Sond. T.C.D.)

Differs from the preceding by the stem, hairy in the lower part ; the longer and
shining pods and the smaller seeds: perhaps a mere variety ? induces Eas or
whitish. Pods 11-2 inches long, 11 lines wide.

28. H. foniculacea (R. Br. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2. vol, 4. p. 100) ;_her-
baceous, somewhat hairy ; pods linear, one-nerved, spreading, tipped
with a very short style ; leaves pinnately or bipinnately-parted, the lobes
Jiliform, elongate ; lateral stamens toothed. DC. Syst. 2. p. 689. Sond. 1.
¢. p. 230. H. seselifolia, E. §& Z. No. 81. ex parte.

Has. In fields, near Brackfontein, Clanw., £.4:Z, Near Simonstown, Mr. C.
Wright 75. Aug. (Herb. Sond. T.C.D.)

Stems 1-11 foot high, erect, branched, mostly glabrous at top. Leaves hairy or
the upper glabrous, their very slender lobes 8-12 lines long ; cauline leaves often
trifid. Racemes 6-8 flowered. Flower-stalks erect, 4-6 lines ; in fruit 8-12 lines
long, glabrous or minutely pubescent. Fl. purplish, small. Pods 11 inches long, a
line wide ; margins parallel. :

29. H. gracilis (Sond. l. c. p. 230) ; herbaceous, velvetty ; pods sub-
terete, pendulous, tipped with a long, subulate style equalling thepedicel ;
leaves sessile, pinnati-partite, lobes 4-6 pair, capillary ; lateral stamens
toothed at base. Carponema aggregata, E. § Z. No. 55.

Has. Sandy places. Vogelvalley and Swartland ; and at Berg River, £. & Z. Sep.
(Herb. Sond.) aie

Very slender, 1-11 feet high, branched from the middle, branches virgate. Leaves
uncial, the lower often trifid, the rest pinnatisect ; lobes opposite or alternate, 3~5
lines long, the lower ones closer , and shorter. Racemes 10-20 flowered.
Pedicels 2-3 lines long. Flowers purplish small; calyx downy. Pods 11 inches
long, } line wide, scarcely compressed ; style 2-3 lineslong. Seed minute, oval.

80. H. viminalis (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege.) ; herbaceous, glabrous and
glaucous ; pods erect, narrow-linear, three-nerved tipped with a short
conical style ; leaves sessile or minutely petiolate, pinnati-partite ; lobes
3-6 pair, suberect, opposite or alternate, filiform, thickish ; lateral
stamens toothed, ; ovate immarginate ; stem solid. Sond. l. c. p. 231.
loof, 1-2000f., on a sandy, moist

Stems several, 1+ feet high, ate ; the lateral ascending, leafy, branched. Lower
leaves 1 inch long or , the 3-6 lines long ; rameal similar, but smaller.

Racemes 6-12 inches long ; pedicels 3-4 lines long. FI. middle size, pallid. Pods
14_2 inches long, $ line wide, compressed ; valves subtorulose, the style 1-1 line

$1. H. tenuifolia (Sond. 1. c. p. 232); herbaceous, glabrous ; pods
erect, narrow-linear, subtrinerved, tipped with a filiform cylindrical
style; leaves on long petioles, pinnati-partite, the lobes 2-4 pairs, distant,
subfiliform, erect, alternate ; lateral stamens toothed, seeds ovate, im-

inate ; stem hollow. H. feniculacea, E. § Z. No. 80, (non R. Br. i

P< Sandy a et Flats ; Be R. ; and between Pot R. snd'La hoogde,
Caledon, #. & Z, Ristvalley : Guth ond Mabe Aug-Sep. (Herb. R, Berl, Sond.)

| ae Bang
ad |

h

46 CRUCIFERE (Sond.) [Heliophila. |

Stems straightly erect, terete, 1-1} ft., slender, leafy, with erect branches. —
Leaves 2—21 inches long ; the lobes remote, 4-8 lines long: the rameal leaves —
mostly linear and undivided. Racemes lax : pedicels 3-4 lines long. Flowers
small, purple, Pods 2 inches long, 4 line wide ; valves subtorulose, style 1-1}
lines long, ae

32. H. seselifolia (Burch. Trav. 1. p. 258.) ; herbaceous, dlabrous,
and glaucous ; pods sub-pendulous, linear, one-nerved, tipped with a
short style ; leaves petiolate, pinnati-partite, the lobes 3-5 pair, patent, Z
linear-subulate ; lateral stamens toothed at base ; seeds orbicular, mar
gined. DO. Syst. 2.684. Sond. t.c. 233. H.coronopifolia, var. 8. Lam.
Dic. 3.90. Illust. t. 562. f.2. H.dissecta PB. H. Mey. :

Has. Roggeveld, near Jackalsfontein, Burchell. Between Koussi® and Zilver-
fontein, and between Z. fontein, Kooperberg and Kaus, 2-3000f. Drege 7589. Aug.
Sep. (Herb. Burch., Sond.) ee, era

6 inches high, slender, branched above. Lower leaves crowded, uncial, glaucous,
the petiole 3-6 lines long; the lobes subfiliform, 3-5 lines long: Upper leaves
often undivided, Racemes 8-12 fl. Pedicels 4-5 lines long ; the fruiting ones
rather longer. Flowers white or yellowish, mediocre. Pods horizontal or pendulous,
uncial, 4 line wide ; valves compressed ; style 4-1 line long, the stigma discoid. -

33. H. refracta (Sond. 1. ¢. p. 234) ; herbaceous, glabrous, glaucous 5
pods elongate, linear, very narrow, deflexed, tipped with a short, obtuse
style ; leaves petiolate, pinnati-partite, lobes 2-3 pairs, subfiliform ; lateral
stamens toothed at base ; the narrow sepals horned at the apex ; seeds
ovate, immarginate. Lept. rivalis, E. & Z. No. 63. (each. syn.) Be

Has. Sandy places. Cape Flats, near Doornhoogde, EZ. § Z. Aug. (Herb. Sond.)

1-2 feet high. Stems eat Teaty at the Pies gee Ake see Leayes
2 inches long ; petiole uncial ; lobes suberect, 6—10 lines long ; the upper undivided.
Racemes 10-16 fl. ; flower stalks. suberect, 4-7 lines, in fruit refracted, 7-8 lines ae
Fl. middle size, blue, with yellow centre. Pods 2-24 inches long ; stigma discoid. —
Seeds 40-50 in each pod. “Remarkable for its very long, very slender and often sub-

.

monilifirm pods, uniting the sections Leptormus and Orthoselis
34. H. trifurea (Burch, Cat. No. 1487) : herbaceous, glabrous ; pods

linear, deflexed ; leaves very narrow, three forked, lobes linear, entre.
DC. Syst. 2. 688. excl. syn. Sond. l. C.D. 235. fis "

Var. y. parviflora, ‘flowers twice as small, whitish:
BE. & 2.78. tere res cB

A. stalke 5-6 lineelong. “‘Wlowors yboolish or las: St
lines wide ; valves one-nerved, wi a very short style. :
nown) ; leaves linear, very entire;
687. Sond. l.c: p. 236. ahaa

oe ee

Heliophila.] CRUCIFERE (Sond.) 47

long, nearly a line wide. Pedicels filiform, 2-3 lines long. Flowers small, yellowish?
Calyx spreading ; sepals brown tipped.—Near H. incisa, but differs ; in the undi-
vided leaves and flowers half the size. (DO. l.c.)

36. H. stricta (Sond. 1. c. p. 236) ; herbaceous, glabrous, cesious ;
pods linear-elongate, erect, appressed, 3—5 nerved ; leaves from a broad
base linear-lanceolate or linear, quite entire ; the stem tall, and branches
virgate. H. divaricata, E. & Z. ‘No. 76. non. D.C. Drege, 7549, 7571.

Has. Sandy places. Mountains near Bergvalley, Worcester, EZ. & Z. Ribeckskas-
teel, on Mts. under rooof. Drege. Cape Flats, at Kardow, Zeyher 48. ; and 46 and
47 ex parte. Nov.—Jan. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Stems 2—4f. high, sparingly leafy, simple below. Leaves sessile on a”broad base,
obsoletely 3-5 nerved ; the lower 2-4 inches long, 1-4 lines wide; the rameal
smaller. Racemes often 1-2 feet long : flower stalks 3-4 lines long, often hairy ;
fruit stalks 5-6 lines long, glabrous. FI. rather large, blue. Pods straight, 3-4
inches long, a line wide ; the valves compressed ; style 1-2 lines long.

37. H. linearis (DC. Syst. 2. p.697) ; herbaceous, glabrous, or hairy
at base ; pods spreading, linear, one-nerved or obsoletely three-nerved ;
leaves lanceolate, narrowed at both ends, the upper ones linear, Sond. 1.
¢. p. 238. Cheiranthus linearis, Thunb. Cap. p. 493. H. falcata, E. & Z.
No.77. H. glauca 8. E. & Z. No. 91. ¥ Ns
' Has. Cape. Thunberg, Bergius. Sandy hills at Zwartkops River, in Adow, at
Sondag river, Uit., E.&Z., Zeyher, 1905. " sieb. No, 244. (Herb. Thunb., Sond.)

1-2 feet high, with virgate branches. Lower and medial leaves 1-14 inches long,
1-2 lines wide ; upper about an inch long. Racemes 3-5 inches long. FI. stalks
4-5 lineslong. Petals blue or pele purple, twice as long as the calyx. Shorter fila-
ments toothed. Pods 1-1} inches long, 1 line wide, compressed ; style 1 line long.

Seeds oval. Possibly H. linearifolia, Burch. (See No. 51) should be united with this
Species. : a ee

38. H. graminea (DC. Syst. 2. 697) ; herbaceous, glabrous ; pods

>.) ; stems herbaceous, rough with
h ng in ” erect or spreading ; leaves hairy, either
Shlsni oF linear, entire, or sometimes lobed near the apex, cuneate at
base. DC. Syst. 2.686. Sond.l.c.p. 239. H. rostrata, Presl. Bot. Bem.
22... ‘ee

Africanus, L. Amoen. 6.p.90. Hel. integrifolia, Lin. Sp. 926. excl. Pluk.

- Jae. Ie. Rar. t.t. 506. L :
integrifolia, and H. incana, Thunb. Cap. 494. H. stricta, Bot. Mag. t.

>

lower leaves “ovate, upper ‘oblong, trifid at the

-lobed, H. digitata, Lin. f. Thunb. Cap. 495

a ; leaves oblong or linear, entire. Cheiranthus (io Voru Malt
. Lamk. Tilust. t. 563.f.1. EB. & Z. No. 72. gE mene

48 - CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) [Heliophila.

Var. y. incisa ; leaves linear-cuneate, trifid at the point, rarely 5-
fid, the lobes linear or acuminate. H. arabioides Bot. Mag. t. 496.
L.d& Z.73. H. pilosa B. incisa. DOC. 1. c.

Var. 6. glabrata ; stem suberect, glabrous above ; leaves glabrous,
oblong, cuneate at base, 3-7 lobed, the lobes narrow, acute. H. ineisa,
Hb. Banks. DC.1.c.p. 687. H.d& Z. No. 74. Var.a& y.

Var. «. debilis ; stem weak, somewhat hispid below, divided into
many long, filiform, glabrous, spreading branches ; leaves oblong-linear
or linear, entire, rarely trifid at the point. H. incisa, 8. £. & Z. 74.

Has. Sandy places. Common throughout the Cape District, Thunberg, E. & Z.
Krauss, W.H.H. &c, Paarl, and other places in Stellenbosch, Drege. 7548, 9502-
Vars 3, ¢, at the Zwarteberg, Caledonbaths, Z. & Z. Aug.—Feb. (Herb. Thunb., R.
Berol., E. Mey., Lehm., Meisn., Sond., T.C.D. :

A very variable species. Stem 6 inches to 1-2 feet high, erect or diffuse, simple
or branched from the base. Lower leaves often opposite ; the rest alternate,
ovate, oblong, spathulate or lanceolate, 4-3 inches long, 2-6 lines wide. Racemes
lax, at length elongated. Flower stalks 3-4, fruit stalks 6-8 lines long. Flowers
rather large, sky blue, with a yellow centre. Pods at length smooth, 1-14 inches
long, the valves somewhat convex or compressed, three-nerved ; style thick, short,
or longish, subcylindrical. Var. 8. is more slender, glabrous toward the apex ; the
leaves 6-12 lines long, 2—3 lines wide, the flowers lilac or yellow. Var. ¢. (perhaps
the same as H. divaricata, DC.) has leaves 6-8 lines long, a line wide, and glabrous ;
smaller, lilac or blue flowers and a conical style,

Sub-section 2. Stems suffruticose or frutescent : perennial. (Sp. 4°-57-)

40. H. brassicefolia (E. & Z. No. 89) ; suffruticose, glabrous, pods
(young) linear, subreflered ; leaves amplexicaul, oblong-lanceolate, at the |
tip cucullate, contracted, mucronate. Sond. l. c. p. 242.

Has. Mountains, alt. iv. near Siloh, Tambukiland, £.4 Z. Dec. (Herb. Sond.)

Stems erect, simple, 14-2 feet high, terete, rather glaucous, leafy. Leaves 2
inches long, 6 lines wide, somewhat fleshy, with a raised midrib. Raceme elongate ;
fi. stalks 4-6 lines long, fr. st. remote, an inch long. Sepals obtuse, 24 lines long, !
line wide. Petals white, twice as long as calyx. Pods (unripe ones only known)an
inch long, 1 line wide, with one-neryed valves, and a short style.

41. H. reticulata (E. & Z. No. go) ; suffruticose, glabrous ; pods erect,
elongate, linear, three-nerved, tipped with a short style ; leaves eared
and amplexicaul, ovate, acute, flat, netted with veins. Sond. 1. ¢. p. 243-

Has. Sand Downs, near Cape L’Agulhas, Zwellendam, £. & Z.Nov. (Herb. Sond.)
Nearly allied to the preceding, but differing in its branching stem and cried
twice as broad, ovate-acute, not fleshy. Stem more than a foot high. Leaves wit
two small ear lobes clasping the stem, 13-2 inches long, nearly an inch =
Flowers not seen. Pods 4 inches long, 1} line wide, with 3 nerved valves, the mid-
j é : : eae, #

dle nerve more prominen:

42. H. abrotanifolia (Herb, Banks.) ; suffruticulose, glabrous ; pods
linear, spreading ; leaves 3~5 lobed, the lobes subulate, short ; stem
scapelike, nearly leafless. DO, Prod. 2.690. E. &Z. No. 87. Sond.,
Uo P2442. f 1. H. chamemdlifolia § H. erithmifolia, E. & Z.
Van. «., tripartita ; leaves mostly trifid. H. tripartita, Thunb. Cap. 495:

Var. 8. heterophylla ; leaves mostly pinnati-partite. H. heterophylla,

Thunb. l. c.

Heliophila.| CRUCIFERA (Sond.) 49

Var. y. tenuiloba; leaf-lobes very slender.

Has. Swartland, Thunberg. Mts. near Capetown. Langhoogde, Caledon ; Vans-
taadensberg, Uitenhage. Grahamstown and Fish R., E. & Z. Nieuwe Hantam,
4-5000f. Drege, 7564. y. Hassagaiskloof, Zeyher, No. 1801. Feb.—Oct. (Herb. Thunb.
Sond., T.C.D.) _

Several stems from the same crown, a foot or more high, simple or branching.
Leaves crowded below, erect, rigid, brittle when dry, filiform, some few undivided,
the majority lobed ; lobes 2-4 lines long, acute ; petiole 1-2 inches long, Fruit
pedicels 6 lines long. Petals lilac or flesh-coloured, 31 lines long. Pods 15-20
lines long, 14 lines wide, compressed, one-nerved, with a short style.

43. H. glauca (Burch. Cat. Geogr. 4782) ; suffruticose, glabrous, glau-
cous ; pods linear-oblong, erect ; leaves oblong, rather thick, the lower ob-
tuse, upper acute, DC. Syst. 2. p. 698. Sond. lc. p. 245. Carpopodium
cleomoides, EZ. 102 (excl. syn.) H. sarcophylla, Meisn. Lond. Journ.
Bot. 1. p. 463.

Var. a candida; flowers white. Burch. 1. c.

Var. 8. purpurascens; flowers purplish. Burch. 1. c. 4969.

Has. Near Loeri river, Burchell. Loeri and Kamtou river, Uit, Z. 4 Z. Lange
kloof, George, Krauss ; Burchell. Mar.-Dec. (Herb. Meisn., Sond., T.C.D.).
_. A-shrub, 2°feet high. Stem as thick as pigeon’s quill, greyish, with virgate
branches. Leaves scattered or crowded at the base of the branches, the lower
mostly broader, 8-10 lines long, 2-3 lines wide ; upper narrow. Racemes long.
Pedicels very erect, 2-3 lines long. Petals 2-3 times as long as the calyx. Stamens
repay Pods 9-12 lines long, 2 lines wide, the valves one-nerved ; style 1-2 lines

ong.

44. H. cornuta (Sond. 1. c. p. 246. t. 28); fruticulose, glabrous ;
pods submoniliform, pendulous, tipped with a very slender, incurved
style ; leaves linear-filiform, acute ; sepals horned at the apex. ept.
longifolius, E. dé: Z. No. 59. eacl. Syn. H. scoparia, c, E. Mey. Herb.
Drege (non Burch.)

Has. Sandy places, on mountains at Brackfontein, Clanw., E. & Z. Wupperthal,
v. Wurmb, Drege. Heerelogement, Zeyher 44. Jun.Jul. (Herb. Sond.) ta

Stem 1 foot or more high, with spreading branches. Leaves 2-3 inch long, upper
shorter. Pedicels 3-4 lines long; lax. Pods 2-24 inches long, a line wide, the
valves tapering at each end, one-nerved. Lee

45 H. elata (Sond. |. c. p. 247); shrubby, glabrous ; pods’ erecto-
patent, narrow-linear, elongate, submoniliform, tipped with a filiform
straight style; leaves linear-subulate. =

Has. Sandy hills. Ebenezer, below 500 f. ; between Zwartdoorn river and Groen
river, Drege 7566. Kardow, alt. 3, and Brandenberg, Zeyher 46 and 47 partim.
Aug.—Jan. (Herb. Sond. T.C.D.). ae

Stem somewhat woody ; branches 2 feet long, with spreading branchlets. Lower
leaves 14-2 inches long ; upper gradually s . Racemes lax ; fr. st. 4 lines long.
_ Flowers blue, of middle-size. Pods 24 inches long, scarcely 4 line wide, valves one-

nerved. Seeds minute, oval, margined.

46. H. suavissima (Burch. Cat. 2742) ; suffruticose, glabrous; pods
sublinear, tapering at base, spreading, tipped with a short style ; leaves
linear-subulate, subacute. DC. Syst. 2. p. 291. © Sond. 1. c. p. 248. t. 25.
Zeyher No. 1900. : < ols Oe
‘ Var. 8. ineana; stem and leaves minutely downy, afterwards

rous. : : :

50 CRUCIFER® (Sond.) [ Heliophila.
: oe

Has. Grassy fields and on hills. Plettenberg’s Bay, Burchell. Zwartkops R. Vit;
and at Graaf Reynet, F. & Z. Somerset, Mrs. Barber. Gamke R, Burke & Z.
Klaarstroom, Zwarteberg, Drege. 8. Springbokkeel, Zeyher. Aug. Oct. and Feb.
(Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.).

Stem 1-2 feet high, branched at base, branches virgate, leafy in the lower part.
Leaves 1-2 inches long, 4 line wide, often with axillary fascicles. Racemes 6 inches
long, naked. Fruit stalks spreading. Flowers very sweet, rather large, violet or
purple. Sepals 3 lines long. Style 1-2 lines long. Pod 1-1} inches long, 1}

lines wide, with compressed valves, subsinuate, rarely straight-edged, somewhat
three-nerved. Seeds 12-16 in each pod.

47. H. succulenta (Herb. Banks) ; suffruticose, glabrous ; pods Linear,
pendulous, tipped with a short style ; leaves fleshy, filiform-linear, fur-
rowed, obtuse. Sond. lc. p. 249. Cheir. carnosus, Thunb. Cap. p. 493+
HT, platysiliqua, R. Br. Hort. Kew, Ed. 2. V. 4. p. 99. DC. Syst. 2. p.
692.

Has. On the shore, Verloren Valley, Thunberg. In forests, Krakakamma, Uit.,
£.&Z, Oct.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb., Sond.).

Stem a foot or more high, with long, nearly leafless branches. ‘Leaves scattered
or crowded, 1-1} inches long, a line wide, semiterete, channelled, sometimes twice
as wide near the point, and flattish, Racemes 6 inches long: fruit stalks uncial.
Flowers purple, nearly as in preceding. Pod ona short stipes, 14 inches long, 2
ee obtuse at base ; the valves flattish, with a prominent central nerve.

6-8 in each pod. Differs from H. swavissima in its fleshy leaves, and stipitate
pods, not tapering at base.

48. H. subulata (Burch. Cat. 6214); fruticulose, mmutelydowny ; pods
linear, spreading, not tapering at base, tipped with a short style, leaves
linear-subulate, very acute. DC. Syst. 2. p. 691. Sond. l. ¢. p. 250 t. 26.
H, subulata & H. pubescens, E. & Z. 83 d& 84. Zeyher 1910,

Var. 8. glabrata ; leaves glabrous or nearly so. Sond. 1. ¢. t. 26. f-
H. maritima, B.& Z. 85.

Has. Sandy or stony places. Hartenbosch, Mosselbay, Burchell. Between Breede
and Duivenhoeks Rivers, Swell ; and near Gauritz river and Langekloof, George ;
also Oliphantshoek, Uit.; and Zwarteberg, Caledon ; and near Simonstown, E. § Z.
Palmiet river ; Howhoek ; and near Bethelsdorp, Drege. 7560, 7565, 757°. ‘Tulbagh,
Lichtenstein. Port Natal, Krauss. §. Port Elizabeth, &c.; and in Swellendam.
May-—Dec. (Herb. Burch., r, Berol., Sond., T.C.D.).

Stem slender, 1-2 feet high, leaves }—1 inch long, flattish or subterete, downy, OF
in B. glabrous. Flowering branches long and naked, ending in a many flowered
raceme. Pedicels 4-6 lines long. Flowers purple. Pods spreading, in 8. pendulous,
14 inches long, 1 line wide, obtuse at each end ; the valves compressed, three-nerved,
the lateral nerves obsolete.

49. HL. rigidi (Sond. 1. ¢. p. 251. t. 27) ; suffruticose, glabrous,
simple ; pods pendulous, lanceolate, narrowed at base, tipped with a long,
beak-leke style ; lower leaves linear, upper filiform, acute. H. virgata,
E. ms (non Burch.) H. subulata and H. suavissima, E. Mey. Hb.
Drege ; No. 5215, 3630.

Hab. Hills, near the Witte and Zwart Key Rivers, Tambukiland ; also Wind-
Vogelsberg, Caff., F.G Z. Kat and Aiechiah ary oad Omtendo, Drege, May-
Nov. (Herb, E. Mey, Sond., T.C.D.). :
; i ight, strongly striate. Leaves thickish. 2-3
rai violet Teall salts t inch lace, "Pele s inches lang, 2-24 lines wide
beaked with a style pogo ge sateen ateaaied the lateral nerves

Heliophila. | CRUCIFERZ (Sond.) . 51

50. H. fascicularis (Herb. Banks) ; fruticulose, glabrous ; pods linear,
sub-erect, scarcely longer than the pedicel ; leaves filiform. DC. Syst. 2.
p. 691. Sond. l. ¢. p, 252.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Masson.

Stems terete, erect, branched. Leaves erect, alternate, inch long, 4 line wide,
subacute, with tufts in the axils. Racemes elongating. Pedicels filiform, uncial,
erect both in fl. and young fruit, scarcely somewhat spreading. Pods compressed,
linear, a line wide, about 1 inch long, with a pointed style.—Perhaps a mere variety
of H. linearifolia. .

51. H. linearifolia (Burch. Cat. No. 347 and 793); suffruticose, gla-
brous, or sparsely hairy ; pods erect, linear, three-nerved, tipped with a
subulate style ; leaves linear, acute, entire ; lateral stamens toothed.
DC. Syst. 2. p. 692. EB. & Z. No. 92. Sond. l. ¢. p.252. Cheir. elongatus,
Thunb. Cap. 493. H ? elongata, DC. 1. c. p.697. E. & Z. 93. H. fasci-
cularis, E. & Z. 94. Un. It. 386.

Var. 8. pilosiuscula; stems sparsely hairy. H. inearifolia, 8 hirsuta
Burch. DC. H. platysiliqua, E. & Z. 95.

Var. y. lanceolata ; lower stem leaves linear-lanceolate. H. lineari-
Folia. E. Mey. Herb. Drege. No. 122.

Var, 6. filifolia ; all the leaves linear-filiform, or the lower linear.
H, filifolia, Thunb. Cap. 494. Seiber, No. 244.

Has. Cape flats, near the shore at west side of Table Mt. ; Langekloof, George ;
and Zwartkops R., Uit., #.¢Z. B. at the Knysna, Burchell. Tulbagh, E&¢ 4. %
on Table Mt., Drege. 8. Swartland, Thunberg. Cape District, Sieber, Bergius,
W.H.H. (Herb. Thunb., DC., Meisn., Sond., T.C.D.). :

Stems erect or decumbent, 1-3 feet high, with slender branches, Leaves inch
long, longer or shorter, a line wide ; in y. twice as wide ; in 3 much narrower, the
younger glaucous. Racemes 10-16 flowered, the lower flowers remote. Pedicels
4-6 lines long, Petals rather longer than the calyx, blue, with yellow claws. Pods
14-2 inches long, 1~14 lines wide ; in y. not more than inch long. Style 1-1} lines
long.—A remarkable species, known from its immediate allies by its sharply three-
nerved pods ; but perhaps a form of H. linearis DC. (See No. 37). zi #2

52. H. stylosa (Burch. Cat. Geogr. 3291); shrubby, glabrous ; pods
pendulous, on fee nerveless, tipped with a filiform style longer than
the pedicel ; leaves linear or sublanceolate, entire (or the lower pinnatifid);
stamens toothless. DC. Syst. 2. p. 692 ; Lc. p. 254.424. H.
platysiliqua and H. virgata, Meisn. Pl. Krauss. Lond. Journ. 1. p. 462.

Ley. WOOP OSGI an “
Var. 8. lobata; lower leaves pinnatifid, the lobes lanceolate, acute.

. Kommedakka, Burchell. Stony places on mountains, Zuurebergs kette,
Geaheoororn and Assagaisbosch, pused ; also at Eland’s Riv., Van Staadensberg,
&e., Uit.; Winterberg, Caffr. #. ¢ Z., Katberg and Klipplaats river 3-4000f. and
between Omtendo and Omsameulo, Drege. 3629, 5216, 7563. Winter Hoek and
Sitzekamma, Krauss, 1253, 1244. 8. near Grahamstown, 7. Williamson. (Herb.
Burch., Meisn., Sond., T.C.D.). :

Distinguished from the preceding by its toothless stamens, and pendulous, nearly
nerveless pods. 1—2 feet high. Branches long, nearly naked, dividing near the top.
Leaves remote, linear or linear-lanceolate, subcoriaceous, 2—3 inches long, 1-2 lines
wide ; in 8. half an inch long, with 2-4 spreading lobes at each side. Racemes
elongate, 12-16 flowered. Pimery yellow or yellowish, tinted with red. Pods
2-3 inches long, 1-1} lines wide, minutely stipitate, the valves obsoletely one-

nerved ; style, 4~6 lines long, rarely shorter. re

ee: _ CRUCIFER® (Sond.) [ Heliophila.

53. H. virgata (Burch. Cat. Geogr.) ; suffruticose, glabrous ; pods —
spreading or sub-deflexed, linear, one-nerved, tipped with a filiform style |

longer than the pedicel ; leaves ovate, entire or toothed ; stamens tooth-
less, DC. Syst. 2 p. 693. Sond. l.c. p. 256.

Var, a, integrifolia; leaves entire, flowers yellowish or white.
Burch. Cat. 4605. DC.l.c. H. glauca, EB. & Z. 91. excl. var, 8.

Var, 8, dentata; leaves coarsely and sharply toothed ; flowers
white, Burch. l. c. 3933.

Has. Krakakamma, Burchell. Vanstaadensberg and near Port Elizabeth, UVit.,
E. § Z. B. Riet Fontein, near the Kowie, Alb., Burchell. Oct. (Herb. Burch., Sond.,)
A slender suffrutex, 1-2 feet high, simply or slightly branched. Leaves thickish-
leathery, ovate, acute, narrowed into a short petiole, 6-9 lines long, 3-4 lines wide,
the upper narrower and smaller. Racemes elongate. Pedicels 3-5 lines long.
Flowers mediocre. Pods 2-24 inches long, a line wide. Style 4-6 lines long. Var.

B., differing in having the leaves with 2-3 coarse and sharp teeth at each side, and

a more branching and more woody stem, may be a distinct species.

54, H. scoparia (Burch, Cat. Geogr, 7887 and 8557.) ; shrubby,
glabrous ; pods erect, linear, tapering into a short style; leaves linear-
subulate, rigid ; racemes axillary and terminal, few flowered, DC. Syst.
2. p. 492. Deless, Ic, 2. t.98. HE. & Z. 99. Sond Jc. p. 257. Cher.
strictus, Lin. f. Thunb, Cap. p. 492 (excl. syn). Hck. Un. It. No. 171.

Has. Mountains round Capetown ; Bavianskloof ; Muysenberg ; Brackfontein ;
Hott., Holl., and Houw Hoek, Burchell, Thunberg, dc. E. & Z. Breede river and
Rondebosch, Zeyher. Mierenkasteel, Knakerberg 1000—1500f. and Kaus, 2-3000f.
Drege. Ap.—Nov. (Herb. Thunb., Sond., r. Berol., T.C.D.).

A rigid, erect shrub, 1-2 feet high, branched from the base ; the branches angular.
Leaves very erect, thick and hard, subtrigonal, convex below, concave above, the
points often incurved, 6-12 lines long, 4-1 line wide. Racemes 2-4 flowered, short.
Pedicels shorter than the leaves ; the fruiting ones 4-5 lines long. Sepals, 2 obtuse,
2 acute. Petals purplish or white, 4 lines long. Pods straight 2-24 inches long,
14 lines wide, one-nerved ; style 1-2 lines long.

55. H. callosa (DC. Syst. 2. p. 696) ; pods linear, compressed, stipi-
tate ; leaves coriaceous, lanceolate, acute, hard-pointed, three-nerved be-
low ; stems shrubby, angular, glabrous. Meisn. in Hook. L. Journ. 1. p-
464. Sond. 1. c.258. Cleome capensis, Lin. Sp. 940. Cheir. callosus, Lan.
f. Sup. 296. Thunb. Cap. Fl. 492. H. cleomoides, DC. l. c. 695. Del. Lc.
2. t.99. Drege 7557.

Has. In stony places, on the Mountains near Capetown, Thunberg, and most
subsequent collectors. At the Waterfall, Devil’s Mt., W.H.H. Ap.—Sep. (Herb.
Thunb., r. ing areme Sond., T.C.D.) will, SS ib

Shrubs 2 feet high or more, Stem as thick as a goose quill, angular, ro
above, branching. Branches subfastigiate, 6-12 inches long. Leaves erect, gla-
brous, rugulose above (when dry), three-nerved below ; the lower or cauline 14-2
inches long, 3-4 lines wide ; upper linear-lanceolate, narrower and shorter. Fruit-
ing racemes little elongate ; 4-8 lines long. Outer sepals gibbous below the
apex. Petals twice as rig ta the calyx, purplish. Pods 2-4 inches long, 2-3 lines
wide ; valves one-nerved. Stipe of the pod (thecaphore) sometimes 5-6 lines, some-
times 14-2 lines long, cylindrical. Seeds 3 lines long or more, margined.

56. H. brachycarpa (Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1. p. 465) 3 pods
(not known) ; ovary briefly stipitate, lanceolate-oblong ; leaves gre”
subpetiolate, linear-subspathulate, subacute, flat, one-nerved ; stem shrubby,

terete, glabrous ; raceme corymbose, few-flowered; petals with short.

claws. Sond. l. c. p. 260.

Heliophila.| _ CRUCIFER& (Sond.) 53

Has. Clayey soil, at base of Winterhoek, Uitenhage, Krauss, 1254. April.
(Herb. Meisn.)

Stem erect, the branches with raised striw. Leaves 1 inch long, 1-1} lines wide,
one-nerved, the nerve more evident below, and branching. Pedicels spreading, 4~6
lines long. Petals twice as long as the calyx, yellowish white, oblong-spathulate.
Ovary glabrous. ;

57. H. Dregeana (Sond. 1. c. p. 260. t. 23. f.2.); pods pedicellate,
narrow linear, subfalcate, tipped with a short style ; leaves small, ovate,
acute, thickish, muricate ; racemes terminal, few-flowered ; stem shrubby,
glabrous.

Has. Wupperthal, Von Wurmb, Drege 7556. (Herb. Sond.)

Stem more than a foot high, with dark coloured bark ; branches short, erect,
scabrous, at length smooth. Leaves 2~23 lines long, 1 line wide, rather concave
above, below convex, one-nerved, mucronulate, green or reddish. Flowers 6—8, sub-
corymbose, apparently whitish. Lower pedicels 3 lines long. Petals twice as long
as the calyx, 1% lines wide. Pods § lines long, 4 line wide ; thecaphore 3~1 line
long.

Sec. 5. Pacuysrytum (DC.) Siligua sessile, linear, subterete, velvetty
tipped with a thick, conical or cylindrical glabrous style. Pubescent,
shrubs, with entire leaves. (Sp. 58-59.)

58. H. incana (Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 1. vol. 2. p. 397) ; pods linear
subterete, velvetty, tipped with a thick, conical, glabrous style ; leaves
spathulate. DC. Syst. 2.p.694. Sond. l.c.p.261. H. frutescens, Lam.
Dict, 3. p. gi.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Aiton. August.

Stem 2 feet high; branches leafy, terete, villoso-pubescent. Leaves spreading,
nerveless, thickish, canescent with a soft down, obtuse, the upper inch long, lower
2 inches. Racemes elongate. Pedicels pubescent, 4 lines long, erect. Calyx
villous, obtuse ; 2 sepals flat, 2 concave. Petals blue-purple, longer than the calyx,
obovate. Lateral stamens toothed at base. Pods erect, villoso-tomentose, an inch
or more long, scarcely a line wide, subincurved ; the conical style 1} lines long,
ending in 2 minute, acute stigmata.

59. H. arenaria (Sond. lL. c. p. 262) ; pods linear, subterete, torulose,
velvetty, tipped with a thick, cylindrical style ; leaves Hinear.

Stems 2 or more feet high ; branches terete, velvetty, the lower ones spreading.

Leaves thickish, velvetty, ge inches long, j-1 line wide ; the np seiner

F e Diue

tals. Pods velvetty, 2 inches long ; 4 line wide, straight or curved, one-nerved ;

the thick style 1 line long. Seeds oval. *Cotyledons sub-obliquely twisted, nearly as
in Carponema jiliforme.

Suc. 6. Lancronarta, (DC.) Siliqua compressed, lanceolate, tapering
into a short style, sessile or stipitellate. Seeds large. Cotyledons in-
cumbent, linear, twice bent, the terminal part subspirally rolled round
the other, Glabrous shrubs, with entire leaves. (Sp. 60-61.)

60. H. florulenta (Sond. 1. c. p. 263) ; suffruticose, glabrous ; pods lan-
ceolate, attenuate at raised on a short stipes ; leaves linear-spathu-
late, mucronulate ; racemes short, densely flowered ; petals spathulate,
obtuse, clawed. Carpopodium carnosum, E. & Z. No. 101. excl. syn.

Var. 8. obliqua; pods oblique. H. obligua, E. Mey, Herb. Drege.

!
4

“

54 : ss CAPPARIDER (Sond.) | | Heliophala.

Has. Fields, among shrubs, near the Zwartkops River, and near Bethelsdorp
Uitenhage, FE. & Z. 8. Witpoortberg, 2-3000f. Drege. Aug—Sep. (Herb. E. Mey.,
Sond., T.C.D.)

A shrub, t or more feet high, erect, with terete or angular branches and short
branchlets. Leaves crowded on the upper branches, an inch long, 2 lines wide, sub-
coriaceous, flat or with revolute margins, one nerved. Raceme 1-2 inches long.
Pedicels 3-4 lines long, the uppermost shorter. Flowers small, yellowish white.
Pods uncial, tapering at base and apex, 3 lines wide in the middle, attenuated into a
style 1-2 lines long. Seeds orbicular, compressed, 2 lines in diameter. In habit and
leaves very similar to H. brachycarpa, Meisn., but differing in inflorescence, flowers,
and in the shorter anthers, and especially in the ovary.

61. H. macrosperma (Burch. Cat. 3425) ; suffruticose, glabrous ;
pods sessile, lanceolate, tapering into a short style ; leaves linear, acute ;
racemes elongate lax. ; petals oblong. DC. Syst. 2. p. 695. Sond. l. ¢. p. 264.

Has. In rocky places at Zwartwaterpost,' Burchell. Uitenhage, E. § Z. Sep-and
following months. (Herb.Sond.) .

Stem somewhat angled ; the branches terete, straight, virgate. Leaves often
crowded at base, thickish or leathery, flat or subconcave, little narrowed at base,
inch long, i1~14 lines wide. Flower stalks 3-4 lines long ; in fruit twice that
length. Petals rosy, twice as long as the calyx. Pods sessile, or on a very short
stipe, 1-1} inches long, 2-3 lines wide, gradually narrowed upwards from a broader
base ; style 1-1} lines long. Seeds 11~2 lines long.

H. lyrata, Thunb. Fl. cap. p. 496, is not a species of this genus, bu
of Sinapis or Brassica.

H. molluginea, DC. and H. liniflora, DC. (Syst. 2. p. 696), are not
recognizable from the very bad figures so named. ee

Orver VIII. CAPPARIDEZ. Juss.
(By W. Sonpzr.)

(Capparidee, Juss. Gen. 242. DC. Prod. 1. p. 237. Endl. Gen.
No. clxxxii. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. exxv. :
Sepals 4, separate or connate, mostly deciduous, Petals 4 or 8, or
none, clawed, often unequal. Stamens 4, 6, or indefinite ; generally
some high power of 4. Torus often elongate, columnar, carrying the
_ stamens and pistil. Ovary mostly stalked, one celled, with parietal
placentae and numerous ovules. /ruit either a podlike capsule, or 4
“succulent or leathery, indehiscent berry. Seeds reniform, without al-
oe Embryo carved or involute.
Shrubs or herbaceous pl with alternate, exstipulate, simple oF
d leaves and Co warner Eon Pubescence trequeatly glandular
and foetid. Flowers often large and handsome, white, yellow or pink, regular or

A considerable Order, chi ete ical. cubby and arbo-
t apes, which chiefly tropical and subtropical. The shrubby
herbaceous species, with podlike fruit, and frequently definite stamens, nearl:

*

¢

Gynandropsis.| CAPPARIDEZ (Sond.) dD

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

Tribe I. Crnomex.—Frwit dry and capsular, dehiscent. (Herbs or
undershrubs, often with composite leaves and glandular pubescence.)
I. Gynandropsis.—Torus elongate. Stamens 6, nearly equal, all fertile.

Il. Cleome.—7orus hemispherical. Stamens 6, equal and fertile.

IIT. Polanisia.— Torus small. Stamens 8-32, fertile.

IV. Dianthera.—Torus small. Stamens 4; 2 long, fertile, 2 shorter and sterile.
V. Tetratelia.—Torus small. Stamens 8 ; 4 longer, fertile, 4 shorter, sterile.

Tribe IL. Capparzz. Fruit somewhat fleshy, indehiscent. (Shrubs

or trees.)

* Stamens 4-5 or 8.
VI. Schepperia.— Nectary hood-shaped, hollow. Stamens 8. Petals none.
VII. Cadaba.—WNectary tongue-shaped. Stamens 4 to 5.

** Stamens 12-20 or very numerous, (rarely, in Capparis 8). me
VIII. Niebuhria.—TZorus cylindrical, short. Petals none or small, Stamens inde-

finite. Zeaves trifoliolate.

IX. Boscia.—7orus short. Petals none. Stamens 12-20. Leaves simple.

°-- XX. Capparis.—TZorus small. Petals 4. Stamens 8, or indefinite. Leaves simple.

Tribe I. CLEOMEA.
Fruit capsular, dehiscent.

I. GYNANDROPSIS. DC.

Sepals 4, short, spreading. Petals 4, clawed. Stamens 6, on the
summit of a long stalklike torus ; filaments subequal ; anthers 2-celled,
fertile. Ovary stipitate, with many ovules: stigma sub-sessile. Cap-
sule podlike, unilocular, bivalve, many seeded. Seeds rugose. DC. Prod.
I.p. 237. Endl. Gen. No. 4984.

Subtropical, annual or perennial herbs, natives of the Eastern and Western
Hemispheres. Leaves compound, palmately 3-7-foliolate, the leaflets entire or _
toothed. Racemes terminal. Name from yun, female, avnp, male, and ois, re-
semblance ; in allusion to the position of the stamens with respect to the ovary. _

1. G. pentaphylla (@e Prod. t. p. 238.) ; glabrescent ; middle leave,
5-foliolate, lowest and floral leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate, ntir
or subserrulate ; pods linear. Cleome pentaphylla, Lin. Sp.938. Bot.
Mag. 1681. C. Eckloniana, Schrad. Ind. Sem Gott. 1683. C. heterotricha,
Burch LROLS GE DOIG OB OGRE PES

Has. On hills. ne a gpa _Macallisberg, Zeyher. Interior re-

ions, Wahlberg. (Herb. Holm. Sond.) ==
Aes a foot mages high, branching, covered with long and short, and mostly
glandular, clammy hairs. Lower and middle leaves on long petioles, upper sub-
sessile, and much smaller. Leaflets 4-1 inch long, 4 lines wide. Pedicels } inch
long, lengthening in fruit. Petals white or pale rosy. Pods 2 inches long or more,
on a stipe Linch long, glandularly rough, tipped with a short style and broad
stigma. Seeds reniform, rough with little pustules.

Il. CLEOME, L.

Sepals 4; persistent or deciduous. Petals 4, sessile or clawed. Sta-
mens 6, on a short, subglobose torus ; filaments equal ; anthers 2-

s

56 CAPPARIDEH (Sond.) [Polanisia.

celled. Ovary sessile or stipitate, with many ovules ; style short or
none. Capsule podlike, unilocular, bivalve, many-seeded, Seeds usually
rough. DOC. Prod. t p. 238. Endl. Gen. No. 4985.

Herbs, mostly annual, common throughout the warmer zones of both hemi-
spheres. Leaves simple or palmately 3-7 leaved. Flowers in terminal racemes.
: ag from KAew, to shut; of uncertain application ; adopted by Linnzeus from

OS1US.

* Leaves simple.

1. C. monophylla (Linn. Sp. 940.) ; herbaceous, pubescent ; leaves
simple, petiolate, obtuse at base ; pod roughish ; thecaphore short.

Var. 8. cordata; leaves cordate or subcordate at base, Sond. in
Linn. 23. p. 5. Cl. cordata, Burch. in DC. Prod. 1. p.239. C. subcor-
data, Stend. ,

Has. Macallisberg, Burke & Zeyher. Port Natal, Gueinzius. (Herb. Sond. T.C.D.)

Erect, branched, a foot or more in height, the whole plant glandularly pubescent
and rough. Lower leaves broader and longer, oblong-lanceolate, 1-14 inches long,
the petiole t inch ; upper subsessile, narrower and shorter. Racemes terminal ; pe

rosy, 4 lines long. Stamens 6, longer than the petals. Pods 14-2 inches long ;
thecaphore 1 line long ; style short.

** Leaves 5—7-foliolate.
2. C. rubella (Burch. Trav. 1. p. 543.); herbaceous, glandularly pu-

bescent ; leaves 5—7—foliolate ; leaflets lanceolate-linear, glabrous, glau-

cous ; pod roughish, on a very short thecaphore. DC. Prod. 1. p. 241.

Has. Asbestos Mountains, Burchell. Port Natal, Miss Owen. (Herb. T.C.D.)
_ Annual, about 6 inches high, branching. Petioles terete, furrowed on the upper
side, as long as the leaflets or longer, glandular. Larger leaflets 6-10 lines long,
1 line wide, obtuse ; upper leaves smaller and on shorter petioles. Pedicels 4 lines
long : flowers small, rosy. St. 6, fertile. Pods spreading, uncial, 1 line wide,
roughish, at length smooth.

3. C. rupestris (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 6.) ; herbaceous, the stem, /eaves,
calyces and pods glandularly pubescent ; leaves small, 5—7-foliolate ;
leaflets linear, channelled above, as long as the petiole ; pods linear,
pendulous, on a short thecaphore.

Has. Rocky hills at Vaalrivier, Zeyher (Herb. Sond.) 7

Annual, about a foot high, much branched, clothed with yellow glandular hairs.
Leaves, including the petiole, about 5 ‘lines long, or the lower ones longer ; leaflets
subacute. Raceme secund ; pedicels 4 lines long ; fl. small, violate, petals obovate:
oblong, somewhat clawed. Stamens 6. Pod uncial, 14 lines wide ; the sty. le and
heeaphore each 1 line long. Seeds smooth. Allied to the preceding, but differs
in its smaller and glandular leaves, secund raceme and broader pods.

Ill. POLANISIA. Rafin.

Sepals 4, lanceolate. Petals 4 sessile or clawed, often unequal.
Stamens 8-32, on a short subglobose torus; filaments often unequal ;
anthers 2-celled, fertile. Qvary sessile or stipitate, with many ovules ;
style long or short. Capsule podlike, unilocular, bivalve, many-seeded.
Seeds rugose. DC. Prod. 1. p. 242. Endl. Gen. No. 4988.

Dianthera.] CAPPARIDEX (Sond.) 57

Name from modv, many, and avicos, unequal ; the stamens are numerous and very
often unequal.

1. P. oxyphylla (DC. Prod. 1. p. 242.) ; glandular and pubescent ;
leaves on long petioles, 3-7~foliolate ; leaflets oblong lanceolate, acute
at both ends, glaucous ; stamens 8-12; pod shortly stipitate, striate,
downy, pendulous. Cleome oxyphylla, Burch. Trav. 2. p. 226.

Has. Klaarwater, Burchell. (Unknown to us.)
A footand ahalf high, slightly branched, rough withsessile glands. Flowers yellow.

2. P. lutea (Sond.) ; herbaceous, the stem, leaves, calyces and pods
glandularly rough ; leaves 3—5—foliolate ; leaflets ovate-oblong, flat, as
long as the petiole or shorter ; stamens 12 ; pod on a long stipes, linear,
spreading. Cleome lutea, E. Mey. Herb. Drege. Dianthera lutea, Klotsch,
in Pet. Mozamb. Bot. p. 160, note.

Has. Orange River, near Verleptram, Drege. (Herb. Vind. Sond.)

1-1} feet high, pale green, leafy, slightly branched, the whole plant rough with
sessile glands. Lower leaves 5~, upper 3-foliolate ; petioles terete, furrowed above,
the lower ones uncial. Leaflets of intermediate leaves 8-10 lines long, 3-4 lines
broad, acute, at each side glandular, especially at the margin ; upper leaves gra-
dually smaller. Calyx 3 lines long ; petals more than twice as long, obovate, nar-
rowed at base, yellow. Stamens in the specimens seen always 12, all fertile and of
nearly equal length. Pods 2-3 inches long, a line wide, beaked with a style 1-11
lines long ; valves parallelly veined, the veins anastomosing ; thecaphore 5-6 lines
long. This seems to be very nearly related to the preceding.

IV. DIANTHERA, Klotsch.

4, deciduous, subequal. Petals 4, the hinder-ones smaller,
oblong, clawed ; the front ones larger, obovate. Stamens 4-10, on a
small torus, unequal ; 2-8 short and sterile, clubshaped and often
appendiculate at apex ; 2 anterior alone fertile, very long, declinate :
anthers oblong, 2-celled. Capsule podlike, linear, stipitate ; style evi-
dent ; the valves parallelly many veined, the veins here and there
anastomosing. Seeds curved, reniform, minutely pitted, puberulent.
Kl. Peters. Mozamb. Bot. p. 160. sneeuet

African, branching, glaucous, glabrous or sparingly glandular herbs. Leaves 3~7
foliolate, oe thee Flowers retentions: anki ty, i, avénp an anther, because
2 anthers alone are fertile. ee,

1. D. Petersiana (Kl. l.c. tab. 27) ; glabrous, the branches and _pe-
duncles sprinkled with minute, scattered glands; lower leaves on long
petioles, 5-foliolate, upper on short petioles, 3-foliolate ; leaflets very
narrow-linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, glaucous ; petals, unequal,
obovate ; fertile stamens 2, sterile 6~8, thrice as short, clubshaped,
with a globose appendicule ; pods linear, subpendulous, glabrous.

Has. Gamkerivier, near Bitterwater, Burke & Zeyher. Port Natal, Mr. Hewit-
son, Mosambique, Dr. Peters. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Two feet high or more, the stem and branches striate. Middle leaflets 6-10 lines
long, 4 line wide, the lateral somewhat shorter. Petioles of the lower leaves as
long as the leaflets. Peduncles in the axils of the upper leaves, 6-8 lines long,
lengthening in fruit. Sepals oblong, acute, 2 lines long. Petals yellow, violet on
the under side, the larger ones 8 lines long and 3-4 lines wide ; smaller more than
twice as narrow. Fertile stamens nearly aninch long. Pods 2-3 inches long, 14-2
lines wide ; thecaphore 4-6 lines long. ee a

| Pee CAPPARIDEZ (Sond.) [ Tertratelia.

2. D. Burchelliana (K1. 1. c. p. 161. in note) ; glaucous, the stem rough
with minute-hooked prickles ; lower leaves on longish petioles, 7-foliolate,
upper on shorter petioles 3—5-foliolate ; leaflets very narrow-linear,
obtuse ; petals unequal, obovate ; fertile stamens 2, sterile 6, shorter,
with a conical-oblong appendicule ; pods linear, pendulous, glabrous.
Cleome diandra, Burch. Trav. 1. p. 548. Polanisia dianthera, DC. 1. c. p-
242.

- Has. Gattikamma, Feb., Burchell. Stony hills at Zwartbulletze and at Gamke-
river, 2500-3000f. Drege. (Herb. Sond.)

Annual, 2 feet high, slender, armed in the lower part with rigid, recurv
prickles ; branches erecto-patent, striate. Middle leaflets an inch long, 4 line wide.
Flowers rosy (?), size of the preceding. Pedicels 8 lines long. Pods 2-24 inches
long, 14 lines wide ; style beaklike, 2 lines long ; thecaphore 4 lines long. Seeds
as in D. Petersiana.

3. D. semitetrandra (K1. 1. c. p. 162. in note); glabrous, the leaves
trifoliolate ; leaflets as long as the petiole, linear-filiform ; upper leaves
undivided ; petals oblongo-spathulate or oblong ; fertile stamens 2,
sterile 2, twice as short ; pods linear, curved, pendulous ; thecaphore
very short. Cleome diandra, Burch ? E. Mey. Pl. Drege. Cl. semitetran-
dra, Sond. Linn. 23. p. 5.

Has. Stony places at Gamkeriver and Wilgeriver, March. Burke & Zeyher, e.
(Herb. Sond, BCD.) oe 2s rate

A small annual, inches high, branching, resembling Heliophila pinnata.
Leaves 4 inch long. Raceme lax ; pedicels 4-6 lines long, horizontally patent in
fruit. Flowers small, purplish. Calyx 1 line, petals 2 lines long. Fertile stamens

as long as the petals; sterile more slender, obtuse. Pods uncial, 1} lines wide.
Seeds downy.

V. TETRATELIA, Sond. (n. gen.)
Calyx-tube short, swollen ; limb 4—parted, deciduous, subequal.

Petals 4, on long claws, subinequal ; 2 obovate-oblong, 2 oblong. Sta-—

mens 8, unequal, united at base into a tube ; 4 sterile shorter, clavate,
apiculate ; 4 fertile elongate ; anthers oblong, 2 celled. Torus small.
Pod linear, stipitate, with a filiform style ; valves parallelly 3-nerved,
veinless, glabrous. Seeds curved, reniform, compressed, glabrous, trans-
versely crested. ‘

A South African, glabrous, branching annual, with alternate, petiolate, 3-5”
foliolate leaves, the leaflets narrow linear. ‘Racemes terminal, the bracts minute,

setaceous. Name, terpa, four, and teAewos, perfect, referring to the 4 perfect
stamens,

Atherstone, (Herb. Hook., Holm., Sond.
A small plant, with the aspect of Helisphila trifurca. Stem 1 foot high, terete,

4
|
z

ln

Schepperia. | CAPPARIDEZ (Sond.) 59

= Tribe II. Capparna,
Fruit fleshy, indehiscent.

VI. SCHEPPERIA, Neck.

Calyx coloured, 4-leaved, the two outer sepals keeled ; the front
sepal largest. Petals none. Stamens 8, on the summit of a long, fili-
form, curved torus, which has a hood-shaped nectary at its base, on
the upper side. Ovary stipitate, ovate or oblong, unilocular ; ovules
numerous, on four parietal placentz ; stigma sessile. Berry cylindrical,
glandular. DC. Prod. 1. p. 245. Endl. Gen. No. 4991.

A South Afri leafless, twiggy shrub, with widely spreading, spiny-pointed
‘branches. Picwere: yellowish or purplish, in ecihneayaatcans racemes : ssadlicula uni-
bracteate at base. Named, it would seem, in honor of some obscure botanist,

whose memory has otherwise passed away.

1, §. juncea (DC. 1c.) ; Linnea 1, p. 255. tab. 3 Cleome juncea,
Sparm. Ian. Syst. p. 605. (non. Thunb. Fl. Cap.) Cl. aphylia, Thunb.
#1. Cap. p. 497. Macromerum junceum, Burch. Trav. 1. p. 388. Schep.
aphylla and S. juncea, E. & Z. En. No. 106, 107,

Has. Karroo, beyond Hartequa’s Kloof, Thunberg. Great Fish River, Bergius.
Garriep, Burchell, Swellendam, Clanwilliam, Graaf Reynet and Uitenhage, Z. d Z.
In the same districts, and also in the far imterior, Drege, Krauss. (Herb. Sond.,
Hook, T.C.D.)

A much branched, twiggy, pale-coloured shrub, 2 feet high. Branches alternate,
rarely opposite or whorled and crowded, erecto-patent or widely spreading, terete,
alternate, subspinous. Leaves none, except, on the young branches, acute leaf-
scales, 1 line long. Racemes corymbose, lateral, short. Flowers yellow or purplish :
peduncles 6-8 lines long, clammy. Sepals ovate. Stamens mostly 8. Fruit
a sausage-like berry, 14~2 inches long, as thick as a goose quill, terete, viscid,
densely glandular, unilocular, many seeded. Seeds compressed, subcordate.

VIL CADABA, Forsk.

Sepals 4, unequal, two outer valvate, covering the two inner in the
bud, Petals (40r) none. Stamens 4-6, on the summit of a cylindrical,
stipelike torus, which has a tongue-shaped, tubular nectary at its base.
Ovary stipitate, unilocular, numerous : stigma sessile. Berry cylindri-
cal, subtorulose. DC. Prod. 1. p.244. Endl. Gen. 4993- |

Unarmed shrubs, found in tropical and subtropical Asia and Africa, glabrous or
glandular. Leaves seta: Sane or trifoliola Flowers axillary solitary,
Name, Kadhab, the Arabic name of C. rotundifolia.

1, C. Natalensis (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 8) ; unarmed, apetalous ; leaves
petiolate, oblong or obovate-oblong, obtuse or emarginate, mucronulate,
coriaceous, glabrous ; flowers axillary, on long peduncles, two outer
sepals concave, 2 inner flat, suborbicular, mucronate ; stamens 6, nectary
lageniform, with a curved neck, split at the side ; the mouth toothed ;
berry cylindrical, elongate.

Has. Natal, Gueinzius, No. 87. (Herb. Sond.) :

= comite rt and sescotl cloves 12-15 lines long, 4—5 lines wide at the tip ;
petioles 3 lines long. Peduncles subsolitary in the axils, somewhat racemose toward
the ends of the branches, #-1 inch long. Sepals equal, the outer reddish ; inner

60 CAPPARIDEH (Sond.) - [Niebuhria.

petaloid, white. Torus 1 inch long; nectary 4 lines long. Fruit inch long ; its
stipe 4 lines.

VIII. NIEBUHRIA. DC.

Calyx funnel-shaped, with a cylindrical, persistent tube and 4-parted,
campanulate deciduous limb ; valvate in estivation. Petals none or
very small. Stamens very numerous, on the summit of a cylindrical
torus. Ovary stipitate, unilocular, with numerous ovules ; stigma ses-
sile. Berry ovoid or oblong ; seeds few, reniform, lying in pulp. DC.
Prod. 1. 243. Endl. Gen. No. 4995.

Shrubs or small trees, natives of S. Africa and tropical Asia. Leaves alternate,
3-5-foliolate, with minute, setaceous stipules. Flowers axillary, or terminal, corym-
bose, or racemose. Name in honor of Carsten Niebuhr, author of Travels in Arabia.

1, N. triphylla (Wendl. in Bartl. & Wendl. Beytr., 2. p. 29) ; leaves
ternate, leaflets oblong, ovate-oblong or obovate, not conspicuously
veined ; raceme terminal, flowers without petals. Oapparis triphylla,
Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 430. Crateva caffra & C. avicularis, Burch.—Nieb.
caffra, avicularis, & olecides, DC. Prod. 1.p. 243, 244+

Has. Banks of Kamtou and Zeekoe rivers, Thunberg. Caffraria, Burchell. In the
forest of Adow, and by the Zwartkops R., Uitenhage, Z.d:Z., Port Natal, Guemzus.
(Herb. Sond., Lehm., T.C.D.)

A glabrous shrub, 2 or more feet high, with yellowish branches ; branchlets leafy.
Leaves coriaceous : petiole-furrowed, 4 lines to 14 inches long ; leaflets articulated to
the petiole, obtuse or retuse, with or without mucro, one nerved, obsoletely veined,
dull green above, paler below, the middle one 1~2 inches long, lateral ones shorter.
Flowers corymboso-racemose, axillary ; peduncles 8-10 lines long. Calyx 4 inch
long, subturbinate ; segments oblong, acuminate, concave. Stamens flexuous, 28
long as calyx. Ovary ona stipe twice as long as the stamens ; stigma discoid.
Berry pyriform, 3 inch long, shorter than its stipe.

2. N. nervosa (Hochst. in Flora, 1844) ; leaves ternate, leaflets ob-
long, ovate-oblong or obovate, evidently veiny on the under side ; Ta
ceme terminal, corymbose ; petals four.

Has. Port Natal, in woods and on the sands, Dr. Krauss. (Herb. T.C.D.)

Known from J. triphylla, which it closely resembles in aspect, by its strongly
nerved leaves, 4 petalled flowers and more obtuse and shorter calyx lobes. Sepé
4 lines, petals 2 lines long ; stamens and ovary as in the preceding. It agrees with
Streblocarpus, Arn, in its corolla, but differsin the shorter ovary and trifoliolate leaves.

_8. N. rosmarinoides (Sond. Linn. 2 - eaves ee
“FdBolidte . . 23. p. 7); glabrous ; leaves 37
_foliolate, leaflets much longer than the petiole, linear, mucronate, with
rots gins, pale underneath ; corymbs terminal ; petals 4.
AB. Port Natal, Gueinzius. 467. (Herb. Sond.

iole a terete, ramuli numerous, short. pas most often 3-foliolate, the
ride, eral dere petiolules very short ; middle leaflet 13-2 inches long, @ line
to 4 rae Js - Lower peduncles axillary, 8-10 lines long. Calyx 3 lines
6 i concave. Petals elliptical, clawed, 4 as long as calyx. Stamens about
al = long as the calyx, on a short torus. Ovary cylindrical ; stigma de-

TX. BOSCIA, Lam.
Sepals 4, concave, deciduous, valvate in wstivation, Petals none.

Stamens 12-20, on a scarcely elevated torus ; filaments monadelphous -

Capparis.| CAPPARIDE& (Sond.) . 61

at base only. Ovary stipitate, ovoid, unilocular, with 4-5 ovules on a
single, parietal placenta ; style short. Berry globose, mostly one seeded,
seed lying in pulp. Lam. Jilustr. t. 395 (non Thunb.) DOC. Prod. 1.
p. 244. Endl. Gen. No. 4996.

African shrubs, unarmed, glabrescent. Leaves alternate, simple, coriaceous,
very entire. Stipules setaceous minute. Flowers corymbose, small. Name in
honour of Lowis Bosc, formerly Professor of Agriculture in Paris, and author of
several works,

1, B. caffra (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 8.) ; leaves on very short petioles,
ovato-lanceolate, narrowed at base and apex, mucronulate, with undu-
late margins, veiny on both sides, glabrous ; peduncles filiform, axil-
lary, corymboso-racemose toward the ends of the branches ; flowers

-polyandrous. Capparis undulata, E. & Z. No, 112. Niebuhria acuti-

folia, E. Mey. N. pedunculosa, Hochst.

Has. In woods. Elands river, near Philipstown, and at Natal. June~Oct.
E. § Z.! Drege, Krauss, &. (Herb, Sond., Lehm., T.C.D.)

Branches and branchlets ashcoloured, glabrous. Leaves simple, the upper ones
narrower ; petiole 2 lines long. Peduncles uncial, shorter than the leaves or equalling
them. Calyx 3 lines long, sepals obovato-spathulate, acute, concrete at base. Sta-
mens 12 or more, more than twice as long as the calyx, on a torus 1 line long.
Thecaphore longer than the stamens, Ovary ovate, with a short style and discoid
stigma. Fruit pendulous, globose, larger than a pea, reddish, minutely dotted,
unilocular, 1-2 seeded. Seeds crustaceous, shining. Embryo subconvolute, with
an obtuse, terete radicle ; cotyledons fleshly, broad, convolute. It varies with
oblong-ovate or lanceolate, obtuse or emarginate, mucronulate, acute, or acuminate
leaves, 1-3 inches long, }-1 inch wide.

X. CAPPARIS. L.
Sepals 4, imbricated in estivation. Petals 4, imbricated. Stamens

* Pedicels one-flowered, supra-axillary, in vertical series. (Sp. 1.)

1. C. Volkameriw (DC. Prod. 1. p. 247) ; stipules spiny, hook-
pointed ; leaves ovate, with a hard mucro, with reddish pubescence
along the nerves of both surfaces or of the lower ; pedicels 2-3-seriate.
Volkameria capensis, Burm. Prod. Cap. 17. ea DC. E. & Z. En. No. 108.

Has. Dense woods on the Eastern Districts. Krakakamma and Adow, Feb.

E.& Z. (Herb. Sond, Lehm., T.C.D.) _ :
Branches flexuous, the younger covered with dense reddish tomentum, at length
glabrous. Leaves on short petioles, r4 inch long, inch wide, tipped with a short,
obtuse, callous point. Flowers (not known to us): according to De Candolle the
petals are ciliate and the stamens about 30. It varies with leaves subglabrous and.

green,

62 CAPPARIDE (Sond.) [Capparis.

** Pedicels in a corymb or raceme ; flowers polyandrous. (Sp. 2-4.)

2. C, citrifolia (Lam. Dict. 1. p. 606); twigs downy or glabrous ;
stipules spiny, hooked ; leaves oval or oblong, obtuse, mucronulate ; ~
thinly downy ; pedicels terminal, umbellate ; buds glabrous, petals.
ovate-oblong. C. capensis, Thunb. Cap. p. 430. Bartl. & Wendl. Beytr.
2p. 3t. H. & Z. En 109.

Var. @. sylvatica; branches and leaves glabrous ; leaves oval or
obovate, obtuse, emarginate,

Has. In woods, Eastern Districts. Camtoos river, Thunberg, Uitenhage, Nov.-
Apl. £.¢ 2. /, Drege, Krauss, §c. (Herb. Thunb., Lam., Sond., T.C.D.)

A shrub, 4 or more feet high, with rigid, spiny branches, and leafy twigs. Leaves
alternate, on short petioles, very entire, with recurved margins, obtuse or retuse,
with or without mucron, paler below, 1-14 inches long, 6-10 lines wide. Flowers
4-10, subumbellate ; peduncles filiform, pubescent, inch long. Calyx 2} lines long,
concave, obtuse. Petals 4, subciliate, villous at base and within, 3 lines long. -
Stamens numerous, twice as long as the petals. Ovary ovate, acute, glabrous ;
thecaphore as long as the pedicel. Berry spherical, apiculate, glabrous,‘as large as
a small cherry, one seeded. Cap. Drege 7534, scarcely differs from the normal state
of C. citrifolia.

3. C. corymbifera (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege) ; branches thinly tomen-
tose ; stipules spinous, subrecurved ; leaves oval-oblong, obtuse, glabrous
or subtomentose below; pedicels terminal, corymbose ; buds tomentose ;
petals as long as the calyx. C. hypericoides, Hochst. Fl. 1844.

r oD) In primitive woods, Natal. June. Drege, Krauss, Gueinzius. (Herb. Sond.,

“More robust than the preceding, with larger leaves (2-3 inches long, 14-16 lines
wide), thicker peduncles, buds twice as large and Riccio stamens 14 inches
gear globose (not acute) ovary. Thecaphore more slender and longer than

e 3

4. C. Gueinzii (Sond.) ; twigs downy ; stipules spiny, incurved ;
leaves petiolate, oblongo-lanceolate, obtuse at each end, minutely emar-
ginate, glabrous, the midrib downy ; racemes axillary, as long as the
leaves or little shorter ; flowers polyandrous.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius. (Herb. Sond.)

Branches slender, flexuous, terete. Leaves 2 inches long, 4 inch wide, one
nerved, with inconspicuous veins ; petiole 2-3 lines long. Racemes spreading, axil-
lary ; uppermost leafless, paniculate ; rachis downy, upper pedicels corymbose, 3-4
lines long. Flowers yellow : sepals ovate, obtuse, 2 lines long ; petals as long, sta-
mens, about 30. Resembes C. Zeyheri, Turcz, from which it differs in the non-atten-
uate leaves, larger flowers and more numerous stamens.

* Pedicels acillary, mostly many flowered ; stamens eight. (Sp. 5-9-)
5. C. cluytisfolia (Burch, Cat. 3881) ; unarmed ; leaves oblong-cu-

neate, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous ; pedicels axillary, solitary, one
flowered, half as long as the leaf. DC. e p. 248. :

Han. South Africa, Burchell. (Unknown to us).
6. C. oleoides (Burch. Cat. 4200) ; unarmed ; leaves coriaceous, ob-_

long, or linear-oblong, narrowed at. base, retuse, mucronate, glabrous ;
racemes axillary, rather shorter than the leaf ; thecaphore shorter than

Capparis.| — RESEDACE& (Harv.) 63

the pedicel. DC. 1. c. C. coriacea, Burch. Cat. 2898. DC. tc. Bartl. &
Wendl. 2. p. 33. EH. & Z. 110, 111.

Has. Among shrubs, from Uitenhage to Caffraria, Oct. Burchell, BE. & Z., Drege.
(Herb. Sond., £ Lehm., T.C.D.)

A glabrous shrub ; branches pale. Leaves erect, very entire, one-nerved, veinless,
1-2 inches long, 4-6 lines wide ; petiole 2 lines long, furrowed. Flowers 6-10, race-
moso-subcorymbose, 4-3 shorter than the leaf ; pedicels 1 flowered, without bracts.
Buds minute. Sepals ovate ; reflexed ; petals shorter, glabrous ; stamens as long
as sepals, Berry globose, as large as a small cherry ; thecaphore 1 line long.

7. C. albitrunca (Burch. Tray. 1. p. 343) ; unarmed, with spreading
branches ; leaves oblong, obtuse or emarginate, attenuate at base, leathery,
glabrous, glaucous below ; racemes axillary, few flowered, shorter than
the leaves ; thecaphore as long asthe pedicel. DO. l.c. p 248. Pappe,
Sylv. Cap. p. 3.

Has. At Gattikamma, at Sondag river, and in other parts of the Eastern dis-
tricts. Oct.-_Nov. Burchell, Pappe. (Not known to us.)

A tree 10-12 feet high, robust, with a white trunk. Flowers minute. Racemes
sometimes springing from naked branches, Seemingly but little different from the

preceding.

8. C. punctata (Burch. Trav. 1. p. 492) ; unarmed ; leaves oblong,
sub-attenuate at base, submucronate, glabrous, with netted veins; racemes
axillary, much shorter than the leaves. DO. 1. c. p. 248.

Has, Klaarwater, Dec. Burchell. (Unknown to us.)

A shrub, 4-6 feet high, with spreading branches, Leaves narrow-lanceolate, very
obtuse. Racemules very short, solitary, or in pairs, axillary. Fruit globose,
smooth, netted and punctate. Scarcely of this genus : can it be our Boscia caffra ?

9. C. Zeyheri (Turez. Animadv. p. 54) ; stipules spiny, hooked ; twigs
downy ; leaves ovate or oblongo-lanceolate, tapering to each end, obtusely
acuminate, tipped with a hard point, undulate at the margin, glabrous
on the upper, covered with deciduous down on the lower surface ; ra-
cemes axillary, shorter or longer than the leaf.

Has. In the woods of Krakakamma, Feb., Zeyher (1915). Port Natal, 7. Wil-
liamson, Sanderson, Drege 8505. (Herb. Hook., Sond,, T.O.D.) :

Stem climbing ; branches terete, green, smooth ; twigs slender, :
young ones often rufescent. Leaves spreading, the lower 3 inches long, an inch
wide ; upper 2-24 inches long, 5-6 lines wide or wider, venulose ; the petioles 3-6
lines long, channelled above. Racemes axillary, often Jong and leafless, simple or
paniculately branched. Buds globose, downy. Sepals 1 line long ; glabrous,
of equal length. Ovary ovate, acute. os Mn ap ing as a pea ; the-
caphore as long or a little longer than the ad

Orper IX. RESEDACEZ, DC.
(By W. H. Hanver.)

(Resedacew, DC. Theor. 1. p. 214. Endl. Gen, No. clxxxiii, Lindl.
Veg. Kingd. No. cxxiv.) | :

Sepals several (4-7), persistent. Petals irregular (2-7), entire or
lacerated. Disc expanded, fleshy, unilateral. Stamens 3-40, inserted
within the margin of the disc, free ; anthers erect, two celled, opening
longitudinally. Ovary, sessile or nearly so, one-celled, open at the

6k | RESEDACE® (Harv.) [Oligomeris.

summit, with 3-6 parietal placenta, and numerous ovules. Stigmas
sessile. Fruit a gaping, dry or succulent capsule, or apocarpous. Seeds
reniform, without albumen. Hmbryo curved : radicle next the hilum.

Herbaceous or suffruticose small plants, mostly glabrous ; with alternate, exsti-
pulate, entire or pinnatifid leaves, and racemose or spiked inflorescence. lowers
minute ; the petals frequently shorter than the sepals, white or greenish.

This Order consists of a few weeds inhabiting the temperate zones of both hemi-

heres ; about 50 species are known. Only two are of any celebrity ; the mignionette
(Reseda odorata ), a native of the shores of the Mediterranean ; and the Weld ( Re-
seda luteola) formerly much cultivated for its yellow dye in England, where it is a
common weed. The few Cape plants of the Order are found on the Karroos.

I. OLIGOMERIS. Cambess.

Calyx 4-5-parted, the segments sometimes unequal. Petals two,
alternate with the posterior sepals, flat, simple (not lobed), without
appendage, separate, or confluent at base. Hypogynous disc none.
Stamens 3-8, hypogynous ; filaments subulate, flat, united at base into
a cup, persistent ; anthers deciduous. Ovary unilocular, 4 angled, with
4 conical points ; placente 4, parietal ; ovules numerous. Capsule
membranous, inflated, open at the summit, 4-horned. Lndl. Gen. No.
5012. Resedella, Webb. d: Bert. Ellimia, Nutt. Holopetalum, Turcz.

Small, glabrous, slightly fleshy, annual or perennial plants, sometimes suffruticose
at base. Leaves very narrow, undivided, not obviously veined. Flowers minute,
white, in terminal spikes, bracteate. The few known species are widely scattered,
being found in N. & S. Africa, the Canary Islands, Tropical Asia and California.
From Reseda it is known by wanting the large fleshy disc, and by having undivided,
uncrested petals. Turczanninow separates all the Cape species except O. Dregeana,
to form his genus, Holopetalum, distinguished by more numerous and equally distri-
buted stamens. But the number of stamens, in Reseda itself, and indeed in all the
known genera of the Order, is notoriously variable, and this character seems insuf-
ficient to break up so natural and small a group. The name is compounded of ~

oAryos and wepis, in allusion to the d 5h thous
of Reseda. i e depauperated flowers, as compared with t

Sub-genus 1. ResepEnia. Stamens 3-4, unilateral.

1. 0. Dregeana (Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 8); diffuse or decumbent,
flexuous ; leaves linear, elongate, subacute, with fascicles of smaller
leaves in their axils; bracts longer than the flower, subulate ; sepals
subulate, acute, as long as the lanceolate petals ; stamens three or four,
unilateral. Reseda dipetala, E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege.

Has. Zwartkey, by the River, 4000ft. Dec. Drege! (Herb. T.C.D,, Hook. Sond.)

densely clothed with leaves, which have usually innovations in their

axils. Leaves 3 inch long, sligh i i
ne ¢ , Slightly tapering at base and somewhat glaucous. Spikes
rather lax, elongating, wer bracts leaflike, much longer than the flowers, upper
oe er shorter. Sepals veiny, with membranous edges. Stamens shorter than

cs &: Howoretatum, Stamens 6-8, equally distributed.

- 9. capensis (Thunb. Cap. p. 402) ; erect and virgate, or diffusely

phic ts and flexuous ; leaves se Ee or subacute ; spikes elon-

ct 3 bracts much shorter than the flowers; sepals s, elliptic-

~ ae or ri ate, albo-marginate ; petals linear-oblong, very blunt, twice
ong as the sepals ; stamens 6-8, equally distributed. Holopetalum

*.

Oligomeris. | BIXACE (Harv.) 65

pumilum, Turez. Bull. Acad. Mose. XVI. 1. p. 51. Reseda microphylla
Presl. R. 7533, Drege. Reseda capensis, Thunb. l. c.

Var. a, pumila; diffuse, flexuous, with short, blunt leaves. Drege
75334.

Var. 8. virgata; erect ; flowering branches long and virgate ; leaves
acute or subacute. FR. dipetala, HB. & Z. ! No, 113.

Has. y, Winterfeld, Drege/ 8. In the Karroo, among the Zwarteberg Mounts.
and the Langekloof, George ; and in the Winterfield, Beaufort, HZ. § Z. / Rhinoster-
kopf, Burke / Langekloof, Thunberg. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

A small, woody suffrutex, variable in size and ramification ; sometimes very
short, scraggy and densely branched, spreading over the surface of the arid soil ;
sometimes (in moister places ?) tall, erect and virgate. Such variations are common
among Karroo plants. There is no floral character to distinguish the above varie-
ties. The flowers are often polygamous. Thunberg says that his plant is “ 3 feet
high or more ;’ Drege’s specimens are 3-12 inches only. : =

3. 0. spathulata (E. Mey. MSS.) ; glabrous and glaucous, erect ; leaves
broadly spathulate, densely set ; spikes dense ; bracts shorter than the
calyx, subulate, spreading ; sepals elliptic-oblong, blunt, shorter than
the ovate petals ; stamens 6-8. Holopetalum spathulatum, Turez. Anim.
p. 60, Muell. in Mohl. & Schl. Bot. Zeit. 1856. p. 39.

2 SES On the hills, near the mouth of the Orange River, Drege. October (Herb.

A ae. somewhat glaucous, half woody plant, Branches erect, striate. Leaves
thickly inserted, tapering at base, with a broad apex, 4-3 inch long, thick and fleshy.
Branches terminated with long, dense spikes of greenish fldéwers. Capsule globose,
inflated, open, with four diverging points,

4. 0. Burchellii et Bot. Zeit. 1856. p. 39); ‘“ dwarf, glabrous ;
branches straight, slender, elongate ; leaves linear ; petals obovate-ob-
long ; capsules obovoid-oblong.” J. Muell. l.c. ( Holopetalum.)

Has. South Africa, Burch, Cat. Geogr. 1850 and 2549. in Herb. DC. .
Unknown to me. It is said to differ, by its longer capsules, from the other species.

OrpverR X. BIXACEZ, Endl.
(By W. H. Hanver.) ;

(Bixacex, Endl, Gen. No. excy. Flacourtianex, A. Rich.—DC. Prod. 1.
p. 255. Bixinee, Kunth.—DC, Prod. 1. p. 259. Homalinex, R. Br.,
Endl. No. exevi. DC. Prod. 2. p. 53. Flacourtiacex, Lindl. Veg. Kingd,
No. ex. and Homaliacex, No. cclxxxiv.)

Flowers frequently, by abortion, unisexual. Calyx free, or more or
less adnate with the lower part of the ovary ; sepals 4-7-12-14, im-
bricate or valvate, persistent. Stamens hypogynous or perigynous, de-
finite or indefinite, free ; anthers introse, two-celled. Ovary sessile or
half-inferior, unilocular (or imperfectly pluri-locular), with two or more
parietal placentz, and two or many anatropous ovules. Fruit either a
pulpy-dehiscent capsule, or a fleshy berry. Seeds albuminous, with
an axile embryo ; leafy cotyledons ; and radicle next the hilum.

Trees or shrubs, with alternate, simple, entire or toothed leav uentl -
lucid-dotted, either without stipules, = with caducous ones. el fas
small size, variously disposed, often greenish. ; 8

_tie-oblong, obtuse or’ subacute, downy, ‘at length glabrous,
- thea Kraussiana, Hochst. in Pl. Krauss. No. 352,

66 -BIXACEZ (Harv.) _ [Oneoba.

Found throughout the tropics, and in subtropical regions of both hemispheres, %
no where very plentiful. Perhaps 150 species may be known, arranged under 52
genera. The fruits of several are edible. The most generally known is Bixa Orel-
lana, whose angular seeds are covered with an orange-red pulpy coat, which fur-
nishes the substance called Arnotto, used in the preparation of chocolate, and for
dying cheeses, &c. The affinities of this Order are generally considered to be to-
wards Passifloracez, to which they are allied through Smeathmannia, and to Samy-
daceze, from which they chiefly differ in the direction of the embryo in the seed. I
venture to add Homalimec, usually considered a distinct Order, but only to be known
by its more or less perigynous stamens and adnate ovary, characters which are here |
of as little ordinal value as in Saxifragacew. Through Dovyalis and Aberia there
is an unexpected passage almost into Euphorbiacex.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

Tribe IL. Procktraz. Flowers bisexual, rarely polygamous. Style co-
lumnar or short. /’rwit fleshy, indehiscent. Ovary superior.
I. Oncoba.—Sepals 5, deciduous. Petals 5, spreading, deciduous. : :
II. Rawsonia.—Sepals 4-5, persistent. Petals deciduous. A petaloid-scale opposite
each petal. Stigma subsessile 4—5-fid. :
III. Phoberos.— Calyx persistent, deeply 10-12-fid, in two rows ; the inner segments
smaller.

Tribe II. Kiccrnartex. Flowers unisexual. Ovary superior. Styles

as many as the carpels. wit dehiscent or indehiscent,

* Anthers opening by longitudinal slits.
IV. Trimeria.— Calyx 6-10 parted, in two rows.
V. Dovyalis.—Calyx 5-7 parted in a single row. Seeds smooth.
VI. Aberia.—Calyx 5—7 parted, in asingle row. Seeds woolly.

** Anthers opening by terminal pores.
VII. Kiggelaria._Calyx 5 parted. Petals 5.

Tribe ITT. Homarinex. Flowers bisexual. Styles as many as the
earpels. Ovary half-inferior.

VIII. Blackwellia.—Perianth with a conical tube, and a 10-30-fid limb ; the seg-
ments in two rows.

- J, ONCOBA, Forsk.

Flowers bisexual. Sepals 5, deciduous, concave, strongly imbricated
in the bud. Petals 5, hypogynous, clawed, obovate, spreading, decidu-
ous. Stamens very numerous, inserted, in many rows, on a fleshy, hy-
pogynous ,ring; filaments filiform ; anthers linear, two-celled, bast-
fixed, erect, opening at the sides. Ovary free, one-celled ; placente
parietal, 5~10, bearing numerous ovules. Style cylindrical, stigma di-
lated, notched. Berry leathery, pulpy within ; seeds numerous. i.
Gen. No. 5067. Lam. Dict. t. 471. 3 >

Shrubs or small trees, natives of tropical and subtropical Africa, spinous or wn- |
armed, with alternate exsti leayes, and terminal, solitary white flowers of :
large size (for this Order). e name is an alteration of the Arab Onkob, by which
the species of North Africa is known.

‘1. O. Kraussiana (Planch. in Herb. Hook.) ; unarmed ; leaves ellip-
very entire ;

peduncles terminal or opposite the leaves ; anthers

*

Rawsonia.| BIXACE ( Harv.) 67

Has. Port Natal, Dr, Krauss! Mr. Plant ! Mr. Sanderson (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.)

A much-branched shrub (without thorns?) Young branches pubescent, older
with a rough ash-coloured bark, Leaves 2 inches long, midribbed and penninerved,
with netted veins, rather pale on the under side. Peduncles 2-3 inches long.
Flowers solitary, erect, more than an inch broad, white. Calyx pubescent ; se-
pals roundish and very concave. Petals twice as long, spreading, with narrow
claws, cuneate at base, broadly obovate, with scattered, woolly hairs. Ovary hairy ;
stigma 5—6-rayed. . eee

II. RAWSONIA, Harv. & Sond.

Flowers perfect, or abortively unisexual. Calyx 4—5-parted, the se-
pals very unequal, concave, imbricate, persistent. Petals 4-5, decidu-
ous, unequal, concave (like the sepals), imbricate in wstivation. Peta-
loid-scales opposite the petals and longer than them, hypogynous, each
with a 2-lobed fleshy gland at base. Stamens very numerous, in several
rows, the inner hypogynous, the outer attached to the base of the peta-
loid scales. Anthers sagittate, erect. Ovary on a convex torus, unilo-
cular, with 4—5 parietal multi-ovulate placenta. Stigma subsessile, 4~5-
parted. Fruit a berry ?

A South African shrub, with glabrous and glossy, alternate, exstipulate, serrated
leaves, and axillary sub-capitate spikes of (yellow ?) flowers. The generic name is
bestowed in honour of Rawson W. Rawson, Esq., C.B., Secretary to Government,
Cape of Good Hope ; a gentleman strongly attached to Natural History, and joint
author of a ‘“ Synopsis Filicum Africe Australis” ; and to whom the authors of the
Flora Capensis wish to express their sense of obligation for countenance and assist-
ance afforded to their undertaking.

1 R. lucida (Harv. & Sond.)

Has. Colony of Port Natal, Mr. Sanderson. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A shrub or small tree, nearly or quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, oblongo-lan-
ceolate, acute or acuminate, cuneate at base, 3-41 inches long, 14-2 inches wide,
rigid, glabrous and glossy, penninerved and reticulately veined, sharpl serrulate,
the serratures 11 lines apart, directed towards the apex of the leaf, ous. Sti-
pules none. Petioles 2-3 lines long, channelled above. Spikes axillary, cely
_ as long as the petiole, on = of 2-3 lines, alba i Flowers oe
sessile, seemingly brownish or greenish yellow. Sepals, petals, and petaloid-scales all,
among hacageliet; unequal : the longest sepals shorter than the petals ; the petals
generally shorter than their scales. Stamens numerous, 40-60, longer than the floral —
envelopes. Perfect and imperfect (male) flowers occur together in the same spike.

IIL PHOBEROS, Lou.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx persistent, with a short, conical tube, and

a 10—-12-parted limb; the segments in two rows, the inner ones
smaller. Disc fleshy, filling the calyx tube ; its margin, opposite the
bases of the outer calyx segments cut into numerous, glandular lobules.
Stamens very many, in several rows, within the margin of the disc,
slightly perigynous ; filaments capillary ; anthers two-celled, acumi_’
nate or horned, splitting. Ovary free, sessile, one-celled, formed of
2~3 carpels, with inflexed edges ; style single, columnar ; stigma sub.
capitate, bifid ; placentae parietal, riblike ; ovules few. Berry fleshy,
'3~4 seeded. Wight and Arn. Prod. Vol. 1. p. 29. Endl. Gen. No. 5068,
Eriudaphus, Nees. Harv. Gen. S. A. Pl. p. 296. — Adenogyrus, Klotsch.
-Arborescent shrubs or small trees, frequently spiny. Leaver rigid, glabro

68 7 BIXACES (Harv.) [Trimeria.
ternate, entire or toothed ; the teeth callous. Flowers small, in axillary racemes.
Found in Tropical Asia as well as South Africa. In the Cape species the inner
calyx lobes are much smaller in proportion to the outer than they are in the Asiatic ;
the margin of the disc is conspicuously glandular, and its surface woolly ; the calyx
tube is more conical and the stamens more perigynous. Name from oBepos,
formidable ; from the stout spines with which many of the species are armed.

1. P. Mundtii (Arn. in Hook. Journ. 3. p. 150.) ; unarmed ; leaves
ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, shining, sharply calloso-dentate ; racemes
and calyces glabrous, sepals acute. Eriudaphus Mundti, Nees, in LE. &Z !
En. No. 1755. Drege 3576. Adenogyrus Krebsii, Kl.

Has. In forests. Swellendam, Mundt / Uitenhage, £. &Z/ (Herb. T.C.D.)

A tree 25-35 feet high, with rough ash-coloured bark, glabrous in every part.
Leaves petiolate, cuneate at base, somewhat rhomboid, sharply and equally serrate,
rigid and glossy. Racemes 6-8 flowered ; pedicels spreading, subdistant. Inner
calyx segments minute, lanceolate, sometimes wanting. Anthers roundish, the
thickened connective produced into a short horn. Berries fleshy, tipped with the
persistent style.

2, P. Ecklonii (Arn. 1. c.) ; wnarmed ; leaves rhomboid, cuneate at
base, obtuse, entire or repando-dentate ; racemes and calyces glabrous,
sepals oblong, acute, ciliate. Hriudaphus Ecklonii, Nees in Eck. & Zey !
En. No.1754. Adenogyrus Brauni, Kl. Walp. An. 4. p. 227.

Has. In mountainous woods. Kat River, Ecklon, Van Staaden’s mts., Uitenhage,
Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D.) ate

A tree 20-35 feet high, with rough ashen bark. Leaves 2-3 inches long, taper-
ing much at the base, somewhat angular at the sides, entire or very obscurely re-
pand beyond the middle. Racemes few flowered. Crest of the anthers bidentate.

8. P. Zeyheri (Arn. 1. c.) ; generally armed with spreading spines ;
leaves roundish or ovate or obovate, very obtuse, entire or somewhat
crenated ; racemes and calyces minutely velvetty, sepals very obtuse.
Eriudaphus Zeyheri, Nees, in E. d: Z! En. No. 1756.

Has. In forests. Uitenhage, 0. Zeyher! Albany, Mrs. Barber, $c. (Herb. T.C.D)

A tree 15-20 feet high, generally bristling with axillary, divergent spines, 2-3
- inches in length. Leaves about an inch long, very variable in outline, but always
blunt. Racemes 6-8-flowered, minutely but equally pubescent in all parts.

IV. TRIMERIA, Harv.

Flowers dioecious. Male: perianth 6-10 parted, the segments con-
eave, imbricated in two rows, the inner ones largest. Disc bearing
marginal glands opposite to each of the outer. segments of the peri-
anth. Stamens 9-12, perigynous, inserted in parcels of 3 or 4, alter-

nating with the glands of the disc. Female: perianth as in the male,
but smaller and without glands. Ovary free, sessile, unilocular, formed

of three valvate carpels ; styles 3, short, persistent ; placente parie-
tal, each bearing near its base a single, soning ‘xnatropous ovule.
Capsule dry, three valved, 1-3 seeded ; placente cordlike, in the mid-
dle ofeach valve, Harv. Gen. §..A, Pl. Suppl.p. 417. Monospora, Hochst.
Shrubs or trees, natives of South Africa, with alternate, many-nerved, exstipu-
late, Pyeng pee. and minute, axillary spiked or paniculate flowers. leon el
Tpts, Epis, a ; : ies, all
Rowers are in trees or flips of thren = 7nd spoilt he par

- aj

Dovyalis.] BIXACE (Harv.) — 69

1. T. trinervis (Harv. Gen. p. 417.) leaves ovate, acute or obtuse, ser-
rate, nearly glabrous, 3-5-nerved at base ; male and female spikes un-
branched, perianth trimerous ; stamens 9 ; filaments smooth.

Has. Forests of the Van Staaden’s mts., Zeyher. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.) :

A much branched tree 15-20 feet high, with the habit of a Rhamnus. Young
twigs pubescent, Leaves an inch long, variable in shape ; the serratures callous.
Both male and female flowers in minute, simple spikes. Bracts 3, at the base of
each flower, minute, scale-like ; 3 inner segments of perianth linear and petaloid,
smooth ; stamens in parcels of 3, opposite the inner segments. Capsules } inch
long, 3 cornered.

2. T. alnifolia (Planch. in Herb. Hook.) ; leaves orbicular or obovate,
very obtuse or immarginate, serrate, glabrescent, many-nerved at base ;
male spikes much branched, female simple ; perianth 4—5-merous ; sta-
mens 10-12, filaments hairy. Antidesma ? alnifolia, Hook. Ie. t. 481.
Monospora grandifolia, Hochst. Pl. Kraus. (160).

Has. Eastern districts. Knysna, Mr. Bowie. Caffirland, Rev. J. Brownlee. Port
Natal, Krauss, Gueinzius. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A large arborescent shrub, 10-12 feet high. Young twigs pubescent. Leaves
2 inches long and rather more in breadth, sub-rotund, coarsely but i
serrate, sprinkled with small hairs or glabrescent. Male spikes much branched
and twice as long as petiole. Perianth 8-10 parted, in two rows. Capsule 3-cor-
nered, longer than its breadth, turbinate ; seed solitary, the testa elegantly pitted.

V. DOVYALIS. E. Mey.

Flowers dioecious. Male: calyx deeply 5-cleft, its segments slightly
imbricate in the bud. Petalsnone, Receptacle covered with fleshy glands.
Stamens 12-20 ; filaments filiform; anthers didymous. Female: Calyx
5-7-parted, segments bordered with stalked glands. Perigynous disc
fleshy, adherent to the base of the calyx, its margin deeply lobed.
Ovary free, one-celled, composed of two (rarely three) carpels, with
inflexed edges ; placente prominent, marginal, each bearing a single
ascending ovule. Styles 2, rarely 3, divergent, channelled on the up-
per side, stigma simple. wit fleshy and pulpy, 1-2 seeded ; seeds
glabrous. W. Arn. in Hook. Journ. Bot. Vol. 3. p. 251. Sond. in Linn.
Vol. 23. p. 12. eee oe

Rigi i iny shrubs, peculiar to South Africa. Leaves alternate
ante ee - denticulate. Flowers small and green, axillary ;
the males in branching clusters, shorter than the leaves ; the females solitary. The
generic name has not been explained. ==

1. Dovyalis rhamnoides (Burch. and Harv.); branches whitish ;
leaves thin (not coriaceous), ovate, sub-rotund, entire or denticulate,
three-nerved, reticulate ; peduncle of the female flowers as long as the
calyx or longer ; sepals linear, much enlarged in fruit. Flacourtia
rhamnoides, Burch ! Cat. 4012. DC, Prod, 1. p. 256. E. & Z, No, 115.
Dovyalis zizyphoides, E. Mey.—Sond. 1. c.

Has. In the districts of Uitenhage and Albany, Burchell, Drege, Zeyher, &e.
District of George, Dr. Alewander Prior. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) i

A rigid, spinous shrub, with 2 gee branches, mostly armed with patent
Spines 1-2 inches long. Leaves soft, pale green, shining. Flowers minute, green ;
the males in branched, axillary clusters, the females solitary, on simple pedicels.
Berries “‘ delicious, making a very fine preserve,” (Mrs. Barter), 1 have com-

ee BIXACEA (Harv.) — [A beria.

pared with an original specimen of Burchell’s No. 4012 ; and findingit to agree with
our plant, have preserved the earlier specific name.

2. D. rotundifolia (Thunb. and Harv.) ; branches ash-coloured ; leaves
rigid, leathery, roundish or obovate, obtuse or emarginate, entire,
—3-nerved at base, reticulate ; peduncle of the female flowers shorter
than the calyx, sepals ovate-oblong, persistent, not enlarged in fruit.
D. celastroides, Sond. in Linn. 23.p. 12. Celastrus rotumtifolius, Thunb.
Prockia rotundifolia, E. § Z! No. 119.

Has. About the Zwartkops’ River, Uitenhage, Zeyher / Near the sea shore, Mrs.
Barber. (Herb. T.C.D , Hook., Sond.)

A coarse shrub armed with thorns 2-3 inches long. It is readily known from
D. rhamnoides by its dark-green, leathery leaves and-ash-coloured bark. There are
also important differences in the female periarith, which remains unchanged under
the ripe fruit. In the present species the lobes of the fleshy disc alternate with the
calyx segments, in D. rhamnoides they oppose them. The fruit is as good as in
D. rhamnoides. Both are called ‘‘ Zuwrebesjies.”

* VIL. ABERIA, Hochst.

' Flowers dioecious. Male : calyx 4—5-parted, its segments nearly val-
vate in the bud. Petals none. Stamens indefinitely numerous, on @
fleshy receptacle ; filaments very short, anthers erect, basifixed, 2-celled,
opening outwards. Receptacle covered with fleshy glands. A rudi-
mentary ovary. Female: calyx 5-7 parted, persistent. Petals none.
Ovary free, sessile, on a lobed, fleshy dise, 2-celled (rarely 3 or 1-celled) ;
the dissepiment sometimes incomplete : ovules solitary, on the inflexed
margins of the carpels. Styles 2-3, divergent. Fruit fleshy, indehis-
cent, 2-celled, 2-seeded ; seeds covered with dense woolly hairs. Hochst.
Bot. Zeit. 27. 2. besond. beil. p. 2.

Shrubs or small trees, unarmed or spiny, natives of Abyssinia and Caffraria.

Leaves alternate, simple, entire or denticulate, exstipulate. Male fi. minute, on
short simple peduncles ; female inflorescence similar, the calyx enlarging as the fruit
ripens. The genus is closely allied to Dovyalis, from which it differs in the two-
celled fruit and woolly seeds. The generic name is taken from Mount Aber, in
Abyssinia, where the first discovered species was found.

1. A Zeyheri (Sond. Linn. xxiii. p. 10.); arborescent, thorny ;
branches clothed with yellow hairs; leaves obovate, obtuse, narrowed
at the base, 3-nerved, crenate, the younger ones pubescent, the older

glabrous ; male flowers in clusters of 3-3, their calyx 5-cleft ; female
_ solitary, calyx 5—7-parted, sepals ovato-lanceolate ; annular disc lobed,

_ villous ; fruit fleshy, ovate, tomentose, crowned with the persistent
styles. Sond, 1. ¢. 7 | eres,

Has. Crocodile River, Burke § Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

_ A middle-sized tree, with greyish, warted branches, armed with sharp axillary
spines 1~2 inches long. Leaves, 1-11 inches long, 8-10 lines broad, remotely cre-
nulate, with minute at each crenature. Stamens very numerous,
with very short filaments. Fruit yellowish, tomentose, oblong-ovate, crowned with
the styles ; seeds densely clothed with long, white hairs. =

2. A. tristis (Sond. L c¢.) shrubby, wrarmed ; branches ash-colowred,
somewhat warted, glabrous, branchlets ; leaves coriaceous,
obovate, obtuse or emarginate, the margin sub-revolute, Very entire or
few toothed, glabrous, 3-nerved, glossy above, pale underneath ; female

MS

SRNR Wratten
iiialeal ee

Mage

Kiggelaria.] BIXACEH (Harv.) | ae

flowers solitary, on axillary peduncles 2~3-times as long as the leaf-
stalks ; calyx tomentose, sepals 5-6, oblong, acute, spreading ; dise
to-lobed, the lobes rounded, villous ; ovary ovate, tomentose, with 2
very short styles. Sond. l.c. Royena, n. sp. (15) H.&Z. !

Has. Philipstown, Kat River, 2~3000ft. Hck. & Zey. / (Herb. Sond.)
Branches round, ashy, with whitish warts. Leaves 1 inch long, 8-10 lines wide ;
petioles 2 lines long. _ Peduncles 3 lines, pubescent. Male flowers unknown.

VIL KIGGELARIA, Linn.

Flowers dioecious. Calyx 5-parted, deciduous ; sepals valvate in the
bud. Petals 5, imbricate, coriaceous, each with a fleshy gland at its
base, inside. Male: stamens 10, crowded in the centre of the flower ;
filaments short, anthers hard and dry, two-celled, opening by termi-
nal pores. Female: ovary sessile, one-celled, with 2-5 parietal pla-
cente ; ovules numerous ; styles 2-5, short. Capsule globose, pubes-
cent, leathery, many seeded, bursting imperfectly into 2-5 valves.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 257.

South African shrubs or small trees, without spines. ‘Leaves scattered, petiolate,
simple, exstipulate. Pubescence stellate, minute. Male flowers in axillary cymes,
with long pedicels ; females solitary, pedunculate. Named in honour of Francis

i r, an old Dutch botanist, author of a garden-catalogue, published in 1690.

1. K. africana (Lin. Sp. 1466); leaves ovato-lanceolate, serrulate,
acute, membranaceous, thinly tomentose on the lower surface, reticu-
late ; styles 5. DC. Prod. 1. p.257. Lam. Ill. t. 821. Thunb. Cap. p. 395.
HL. &.Z.1 No, 116.

Has. In hedges and waste places. Common about Capetown. Tulbagh, Hck. &
Zey.! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A much branched, erect shrub, 10-15 feet high, becoming almost a tree. Young
twigs thinly tomentose ; older with a rough, striate bark. Leaves 2-3 inches long,
argued toothed. Venation-pinnate, with netted intermediate veinlets obvious on

sides. :

2. K. Dregeana (Turcz. Animad. p. 63) ; leaves either lanceolate and

acute at both ends or elliptic-oblong, and obtuse, entire, membranaceous, —

green and glabrescent above, pale and minutely canescent below ; male

cymes lax, petals longer than the sepals, their glands ovate, free above.

Var. a. acuta; leaves acute at both ends, Drege No. 6722!
Var. 8. obtusa; leaves mostly obtuse, K. integrifolia, #. & Z. 111.

Has. Zuure 2000ft. Drege / Sitzekamma, Oliphant’s Hoek, and Kaffraria,

BE. & Z.! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Leaves of smaller size and thinner substance than in X. africana ; their margin —

quite entire. The young leaves have a few scattered stellate hairs on the upper sur-

face ; the under side is always whitish with minute stellate down. The form is very

variable, even on the same bush. Turezaninow says “ floribus octandris,” but I find

ten stamens both in Drege’s and Ecklon’s specimens. The styles have fallen on our

specimens, but there are § scars on the vertex of the fruit.
Rit ia v ,

of his plant he finds that the corolla is monopetalous ; and then refers his supposed
Kiggelaria to Royena polyandra, L.f. ( Euclea elliptica, DC. )/ It is strange that this
should have escaped the notice of recent writers who continue to quote Jacquin
an authority. me

iggelaria integrifolia, Jacq. is a nonentity, as appears by reference to Jac. Je.
Rar. Vol. 3. p. 19, where this author states that on a re-examination of the flowers —

72 z5 VIOLARIEZ (Sond.) [Blackwellia.

3. K. ferruginea (E. & Z.! Enum. No. 118) ; leaves oblong or ovato-
lanceolate, coriaceous, entire or denticulate, covered with rust-coloured
pubescence on both sides ; styles (according to E. & Z.) two. K. africana,
EL. Mey. ! in Herb. Drege (non Linn ). .

Has. Dry places on the Kamiesberg, FZ. § Z./ Paarlberg ; Dutoits Kloof, Lelie-
fontein ; and near Beaufort, Drege / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Every part covered with rusty, stellate pubescence. Leaves very variable in
shape, stamens sometimes 11-12. I have seen no female flowers. Glands of the
petals dark, adhering by their backs to the face of the petal. Eck. & Zey. attribute

but two styles to this species, and I cannot contradict them, though I think I detect
the scars of five on the old capsules.

VIIL BLACKWELLIA, Comm.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx persistent, with a conical tube and multi-

partite (10-30-cleft) limb ; segments in two rows, the inner oneslargest..

A gland opposite the base of each of the outer segments. Stamens peri-
gynous, alternating with the glands, singly, or in parcels of 2 or 3 ;
filaments filiform ; anthers didymous, opening longitudinally, Ovary
half-inferior, one-celled, with 3-5 parietal placentz ; styles 3-5, subu-
late, divergent ; ovules few, pendulous. Capsule one or few seeded.
DC. Prod. 2. p. 54.

Shrubs or small trees, natives of Mauritius, Madagascar and Tropical Asia.
_ Leaves alternate, petiolate, exstipulate, toothed or entire, glabrous or pubescent, pen-
_ ninerved. Flowers in axillary or terminal spikes, racemes or panicles, small. The
name is given in honour of Mrs. Eliz. Blackwell, author of “A curious Herbal,
containing 500 cuts of the most useful plants, which are now used in the practice of
Physic, London, 1737 ;” a work of much merit, which has been translated into

and Latin. An account of the authoress may be found in Pulteney’s
Sketches, Vol. 2. p. 251.

1. B. rufescens (E. Mey. !-Harv.) ; leaves elliptic-oblong, entire or
denticulate ; panicles axillary, longer than the leaves ; perianth 16-18-
parted ; stamens 8-9. Pythagorea rufescens, E. Mey.

Has. Port Natal, Drege! Gueinzius/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Harv.)

A much branched, nearly glabrous shrub. Leaves 1-1} inches long, obtuse or
subacute, prominently ribbed, penni-nerved and reticulate below ; on short petioles.
Panicles axillary and terminal, divaricately branched ; peduncles minutely pubes-
cent ; pedicels as long as the flowers. Perianth tomentose, its limbabout 16-parted ;
lacinie linear-oblong, obtuse, ciliate. Stamens half as many as the segments of the
perianth, alternating with as many fleshy glands ; anthers globose, didymous. Ovary
very hairy, unilocular, half sunk in the calyx tube. Flowers seemingly reddish.

Orper XI. VIOLARIEA, DC.
(By W. Sonper. ) Ee

(Violariew, DC. Prod. 1. p. 287. Endl. Gen. No. exe. Violacex,
Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No, exit s “

Flowers mostly irregular. Sepals 5, persistent, imbricate, orten pro-
duced at base, Petals 5, mostly unequal ; one spurred, marcescent.
Stamens 5, alternate with the petals ; filaments short and broad, con-
nate at base, hypogynous ; anthers introrse, adnate, the connective

prolonged into a crest beyond the loculi, (two often spurred at. base).

bie ae

eee cgay

ON et

a

Viola.| VIOLARIEH (Sond.) 73

Ovary unilocular, free, with 3 parietal placentee and numerous ovules ;
style simple, with a hollow or lobed stigma. Capsule usually splitting
into three valves, each carrying a-medial placenta ; rarely indehiscent.
Seeds with fleshy albumen, and a straight, axile embryo ; radicle next
the hilum,

Herbs, undershrubs or shrubs, with alternate, simple, entire or cut leaves ; usually
with large, leafy stipules. Flowers axillary, solitary or variously arranged.

The common garden Violet is the well known type of this Order, which also in-
cludes a number of tropical and subtropical shrubs (A/sodinee ) with small, regular
flowers, little resembling the type in aspect, though agreeing in technical characters.
Upwards-of 300 species, arranged in 15 genera, are known. Species of Viola, the
largest genus, are found in all parts of the world, but are most numerous in Europe
Extra-tropical Asia and North America ; a few are Australian, and several occur,
along the higher Andes of Peru, descending to the sea level in Southern Chili,
The roots of most species contain emetic properties: several of the S. American
species are often used as a substitute for ipecacuanha. The petals of the sweet
scented Violet are a children’s medicine, in frequent use. Several other species are
in local repute in the countries where they occur.

“TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

I, Viola.— Sepals eared at base.
If, Ionidium.—Sepa/s not eared at base.

I. VIOLA, L.

Sepals 5, nearly equal, produced at base into earlike lobes. Petals 5,
unequal, the under one (labellum) spurred or saccate at base. DC.
Prod. 1.291. Hndl, Gen. 5040.

Herbs or suffrutices very generally dispersed throughout the Northern temperate
zones, rare within the tropics and in the Southern temperate zone. Stem short or
long ; Leaves alternate, petiolate, stipulate. Peduncles axillary, one-two flowered,
bibracteolate, curved, but seldom jointed. Flowers blue, white or yellow, or parti-
coloured, sometimes sweetly scented. The garden Violet (V. odorata), and the
Pansy (V. tricolor) are familiar examples. The name is of Celtic origin: fail
meaning a smell, and fatl-chuach, a violet :—also said to be derived from the Greek
tov, a violet. Le Oa er

1. V. decumbens — f, Suppl. p. 397) ; suffruticose, stems procum-
bent, much branched ; leaves linear, very narrow, entire, crowded ; sti-
pules subulate-linear, adnate ; spur tubular, straight, nearly as long as
the sepal. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 186. V. decumbens, a, tenuis, Baril. Linn.
7.540. EH. & Z. 120, V. decumbens, 8. longifolia, EL. Mey. !

Has. Sandy places. Hott. Holl. Berg, near Palmiet River, and Klynrivier-berg
E. § Z.; Lager 1923, Drege / (Herb, Sond., Lehm., T.C.D.) :

Stems many from the same root, filiform, brownish, minutel, downy, 3-6 inches
long. Leaves glabrous, 1-1} inch long or shorter, 4} line wide, much longer than
the internodes. Stipules toothed at base, 1-14 line long. Flowers terminal, pedun-
culate ; peduncles one or several, flexuous, glabrous, bibracteate near the top.
Corolla blue, yellow within. Sepals acuminate. Petals about 5 lines long. Stigma
hooked.

2. V. scrotiformis (DC. Prod. 1. p. 299) ; suffruticose ; stems branch-
ed ; leaves sub-falcato-lanceolate, acute, narrowed at base, entire, the
lowest ones remote ; stipules lanceolate-subulate ; spur saceate, twice as
short as the sepal. V. decumbens 8. stipulacea, Bartl.l.c. E. & Z. No.
121. V. decumbens, a FE. Mey.! &

74 VIOLARIE& (Sond.) [Lonidiwm.

Has. Among stones, on the Zwarteberg, Caledon, #. & Z./ Zey. 1922. Gna-
dendahl, Drege / Krauss/ (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Very similar to the preceding. Stem 6—12 inches long, brown or reddish. Leaves,
especially the lower-ones, subremote, as long as or rather longer than the internodes,
6-8 lines long, 1 line wide or wider. Stipules 3-4 lines long, toothed at base.
Peduncles and flowers as in the preceding, but the spur shorter and more inflated.

3. V. arvensis (Murray) ; annual; stems diffuse, angular ; leaves
ovate-oblong, crenate-toothed ; stipules pinnatifid. H. Bot. Suppl. t. 2712.

Has. A weed in cultivated ground, throughout the Colony and in Caffirland,
E. & Z.! (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Introduced from Europe,

Il. IONIDIUM, Vent. (ex parte) DC.

Sepals 5, unequal, not produced at base. Petals 5, very unequal, the
under one (labellum) much larger than the rest, clawed, the claw di-
lated and concave, or shortly spurred or saccate at base. DC, Prod. 1.
p- 307. Endl. Gen. 5041.

Herbs and undershrubs, chiefly found within the tropics, especially of the Ameri-
can continent, rare in the warmer temperate zone. Leaves alternate or opposite,
serrate or entire, stipulate ; the stipules lateral, entire or laciniate and multifid.
Flowers axillary, or in terminal racemes, usually nodding, the peduncle often
jointed below the curved portion. Name, from tov, a violet and eidos, like.

* Flowers without spurs.

1. I. capense (R. & Sch. 5. p. 393) ; suffruticulose ; stems erect, very
thinly downy, as are also the leaves ; leaves with very short petioles,
obovate, the margin recurved, subserrato-dentate ; stipules subulate ;
peduncles axillary, one-flowered ; sepals ovate, acute, pubescent ; label-
lum subcordate, roundish. DC. Prod. 1. p. 308. E.& Z./ 123. Viola
capensis, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 86. :

Has. In woods. Galgebosch, Thwnberg/ Hill sides near Port Elizabeth, Kraka-

waren yaa A 5 ee E, & Z.!, Zeyher 1919. Near Port Natal, Drege/ (Herb.
nd., T.C.D.

Stems ascending, 2~3 inches long. Leaves 8-12 lines long, 3 lines wide, sub-
obtuse, narrowed into the petiole, paler on the under side... Peduncles solitary,
filiform, bibracteolate. Sepals nearly 2 lines Jong. Corolla. whitish ; upper and
lateral petals rather longer than the calyx ; labellum clawed, its lamina 4 lines long.
Capsule minutely downy, thrice as long as the calyx.

**. Flowers with (very short) spurs.

subulate ; pe

spur.

Has. rd Natal, Gueinzius, Sanderson. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., Hook.) Pe
lines long, 5-6 lines wide, longer than the internodes, penninerved. Stipules minute.
Peduncles as long as the leaves, or longer, at length nodding. Sepals 2—3 lines
long. TLabellum pale rosy, 6 lines long’ and wide ; its spur } line long. “3

se ; stems

Drosera. | DROSERACE& (Sond.) 75

erect, glabrous ; leaves subsessile, oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute,
obsoletely serrate, glabrous, the margin ciliate, narrowed at base ; sti-
pules subulate ; peduncles axillary, one flowered ; sepals lanceolate,
glabrous ; labellum very large, transversely-oblong, mucronate, with a very
short spur. z ec

Has, In grassy places. Omsamwubo, Omsamcaba, Omtendo, towards Port Na- _
tal, Drege. Gathered also by Sieber ; station not given. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

6-12 inches high, angulately branching. Leaves 8-12 lines long, 4 lines wide,
coriaceous, green, glabrous on both sides, the lower on very short petioles, upper
sessile, Peduncles longer than the leaves, compressed, downy, nodding, bibracteo-
late. Sepals 2 lines long. ‘Labellum thrice as long as the lateral petals, clawed,
the limb 4 lines long, 5-6 lines wide, cordate at base, subretuse at apex. Calcar $
line long.— Known from the last by its want of pubescence, by the smaller, trans-
versely oblong labellum and the narrower leaves.

“OrvER XII. DROSERACEZ, DC.
(By W. SonvEr.)

(Droseracee, DC. Prod. 1. p. 317. Endl. Gen. No. clxxix. Lindl.
Veg. Kingd. No. clvii).

Flowers regular. Sepals 5, distinct, or connate, imbricate, persistent.
Petals 5, hypogynous or adnate to the sepals, imbricate, equal. Stamens
as many as the petals and alternate with them, or 2—4-times as many ;
filaments free, filiform ; anthers extrorse, erect, and fixed, or versatile.
Ovary free, unilocular, with 3-5 parietal, or a single basal, placenta ;
rarely 2—3-locular, with axile placenta, styles 3—5, distinct or partly,
or wholly confluent, often forked (sometimes multifid) ; stigmata capi-
tate... Ovules numerous, anatropous. Capsule girt with the persistent
filaments, dry, splitting into valves ; seeds containing much albumen,
and a minute basal embryo.

Herbs, or suffrutices ; often stemless, sometimes twining plants, more or less —
covered with dular hairs, exuding a clammy fluid. Leaves alternate, simple,

solitary, or in secund, circinate racemes, gradually unrolling during anthesis, white,
tralia particularly, have tuberous roots. —

Species of Drosera (Sundew,) are scattered over most igs r s of the world, usually
paqeonting suet lsu oo and marsh, y places ; but in Australia many are ,.)
found in the driest ground, where they lie dormant for the test portions of the
year, reviving with the first rains. Several contain a reddish brown dye, and others

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

I. Drosera.—<Styles 3~5, bifid or bipartite. Ovary unilocular. _
I. Roridula.—Style, one, simple, stigma capitate. Ovary trilocular.

I. DROSERA L. :
———_Caly 5—parted, equal. Petals 5, obovate. Stamens 5 ; anthers a
; slitting. Ovary unilocular, with 3-5, many ovuled, '?p ie . |

.

76 , DROSERACEZ (Sond.) [ Drosera.

Styles 3-5, bifid or bipartite, the branches undivided or multifid.
Capsule membranous, 3—5-valved, manyseeded. DC. Prod. 1. p. 317.
Endl. Gen. 5033.

Stemless and scapigerous, or caulescent herbs, mostly perennial, often with tu-
berous roots, found in all parts of the world; very numerous in Australia. Leaves
alternate, scattered or rosulate, clothed on the upper surface and margin with gland-
tipped hairs, circinate when young, either exstipulate, or furnished with an axillary
membranous, simple, or multifid scale, composed of two confluent stipules. Flowers
in scorpioid unilateral cymes, or secundly racemose, rarely solitary ; rosy, purple, or
white. Petals very delicate, and soon withering. Name, from d5pecos dew ; the glands
of the leaves exuding dew-like drops of fluid, which glitter in sunshine : whence, the
English name “ Sundew.”

Sect. I, Rossolis. Styles 3, bifurcate near the base ; the branches
club-shaped, undivided or bilobulate. Placente 3, many ovuled. Rossolis

and Crypterisma, Pl. Ann. Se. Nat. 1848, p. 92. (Sp. 1-6).

*Stemless ; leaves radical, rosulate. (Sp. 1-3).
: 1. D. trinervia (Spreng Anleit, 1. p. 298); small; all the leaves radi-
alu cal, sessile ; spathulato-cuneate, 3—5-nerved ; stipules scarcely any, except
im two filaments attached to the base of the petiole ; scapes few flowered,
pe / (3 with the pedicels and calyces glanduloso-pubescent. DC. Prod. 1. p. 318.
QawPlanch.l.c.p. 191. D. cwneifolia. a& y, Thunb. Dissert. p. 5. Bartl. Linn.
(Kau. ~7- p 620. H. & Z, 124. Un. Itin. 254, 33.

SN. + . Has. Table mountain. Thunb., H & Z./ W. H. H. Pappe, &e. Hott. Holl, & Tul- a
“=~ bagh Mts. and on the Piquetberg, Zeyher 53. Paarlberg & Drackensteen, Drege, ae
www 7288. (Herb, Sond. Lehm. T.C.D.) oes
ue - — About two inches high ; rarely 3-4 inches. Leaves rosulate, 4-8 lines long, 1¢ Geol 8 LE
Dx,

3 lines wide, glabrous on the lower surface. Scape slender, 2-4 flowered :
6-8 flowered ; pedicels 1-2 lines long. Calyx lobes ovate. Petals white, twice ash a
long as the calyx. Anthers ovate. Stigmata dilated, cuneate, obsoletely palmatifid.

2. D. Burkeana (Planch. |. c. p. 192) ; dwarf ; all the leaves radical,
small, with a subrotund lamina shorter than the petiole ; stipules con-
nate into a single intra-axillary piece, conspicuous, each bifid ; scapes
slender, racemose, the pedicels and calyces glandularly puberulous.

Has. Aapjes-rivier, Macallisberg, Zeyher § Burke! Natal, Sanderson. (Herb.,
Hook., Sond., T.C.D.)

Leaves 4 inch long, the lamina shorter than the petiole, 2 lines wide, naked on

__ the lower side ; the marginal ciliz longish. Scape 3—4 inches long, 2-6 flowered ;
ov 1 line long, the lower often elongate. Calyx obtuse, in flower 1 line, in -

Tug
adi olind in Zwartland, Thunb., Bg Z,
4-| 4g, From 3-6 inches high, £0 a foot or more.

-*

Drosera.] DROSERACEE (Sond.) | 77

oblong-linear, obtuse, tapering into a long, flat, glabrous, or somewhat
hairy petiole, glabrous on the lower surface ; stipules connate into a
single ovato-lanceolate rather large intra-axillary mece ; scape ascending,
angulate, roughly hairy, longer than the leaves ; corolla twice as long as
the calyx. Burm. Afr. t. 75 f. 1. Berg. Cap.p. 81. Thunb. Diss. p. 6.
Fil. Cap. p. 620. DC. lc. p. 318. #. & Z. 126. Planch. lc. p. 196. Hb.
Un, It. 252. .
Has. Wet places, in subalpine situations, near Capetown ; Dutoit’s-kloof : Paarl- ok
berg, and Talbagh, ue. Thunb. B. & Z. dee, ‘Herb. Sond., T.C.D). Herek-h 0 afl]
Stem sometimes scarcely any, sometimes 1-2 inches long. Leaves with their pe- 5 BY
tiole, 4-6 inches long, the lamina 14-3 lines wide, about as long as the petiole, Crrdlonlsn |
which is a line wide. Stipules pale, 3-4 lines long, entire or sublacerate at the Sehr
point. Scape from an ascending base erect, 6-12 inches high. Raceme 6-20 flowered.
Flowers purple ; pedicels as long as the calyx, or longer. Capsule with 3 obcordate
valves. It varies with the scape and peduncles more or less slender, hairy or glabrous,
and flowers larger or smaller.

ced 5. D. hilaris (Cham. & Schl. Linn. 1. p. 548) ; caulescent, tall ; leaves
___- spathulato-lanceolate obtuse, narrowed into a wide, tomentose petiole,
glabrous on the lower surface ; stipules connate into a deeply cut
setaceo-laciniate intra-axillary piece ; scape erect, or subascending, hairy,
glandulose above, much longer than the leaves ; corolla thrice as long
as the calyx. #. & Z. 127. Planch. l.c. p. 201.
a Has. East side of Devil’s & Table Mts., and near Constantia. Bergius, Mundt & ;: :
* Maire, E. & Z. W.H.H, &c. (Herb. R. Ber., Sond., T.C.D). g Re
: Stem 1-3 inches long, clothed, as well as the leaves, with a reddish tomentum. ie
Lower leaves at length reflexed, spathulate, 1-2 inches long ; intermediate spreading
or recurved, somewhat longer ; upper rosulate, about 3 inches long, 3-5 lines wide, all
with long marginal cilia. Stipules 1}~2lines long, of the colour and substance of
those of D. ramentacea, adnate to the inner face of the petiole ; in the middleregion —
of the stem, on account of the petioles being appressed to the stem, they are often
_ inconspicuous, but easily seen in the upper portion. Scapes 6-12 inches high, hairy,
and without glands at base, upwards towards the inflorescence glandular, together
_ with the pedicels, bracts and calyx. Raceme 4-8 flowered, icels 3 lines long,
bracts minute. Calyx 3 lines long ; sepals broadly ovate, subacute. Corolla dark
aise 12-15 lines across; petals obovate. Styles 3, bifid at the very base; the
ches sometimes again bifid, stigmata clavate, emarginate. Near D. Capensis and
D. ramentacea, with which it agrees in the caulescent habit ; but from both which it
is readily known (at least when dry) by the denser, more reddish = the
broader leaves, and the wider and generally shorter tomentose petio.

6. D. ramentacea (Burch. Cat. Geogr. No. 7692) ; stem elongate,
covered with old (withered) deflexed leaves; leaves crowded round the apex
of stem ; the younger erect, with a narrow-obovate lamina, somewhat __
hairy on the lower side, half as long as the semi-terete petiole ; stipules
connate into a deeply cut setaceo-laciniate, intra-axillary piece ; scapes
from an ascending base erect, much longer than the leaves, glabrous

below, above, with the calyces and pedicels, glandularly hairy ; corolla
+ twice as long as the calyx. Planch. l.c. p. 197.
Var. a, Burchelliana ; stem tall ; petiole glabrous on the upper, stri-
gose on the lower side and ciliated, equalling or exceeding the linear-_
oblong or obovate lamina. D. ramentacea, DC. l.c.p. 318.
Var. 8. glabripes ; stem tall ; petiole glabrous, about twice as
lamina. Harv. Thes. t. 26. a wee

78 DROSERACEZ (Sond.) [ Drosera.

ei Wel Var y. curvipes; stem short ; petiole flat or with the margins revo-
SLI lute, and thus sulcate below, strigoso-pilose, twice as long as the lamina,
("|0) flowers smaller. D. curvipes, Pl. 1. ¢. p. 196.

Has. Interior districts, Masson, Burchell. Summit of Table Mountain : eastern a
side, Ecklon, Preiss ; 8 same situation, Pappe, W.H.H. ; y, at Macallisberg, Burke &
- Zeyher. (Herb. Sond. Hook., T.C.D). |
Stems a foot or more high, very leafy ; in y, 1 inches long. Leaves 14 2 inches
long; the lamina }-1 inch long, 2 lines wide, the upper surface covered: with long,
bright red, gland-tipped hairs. Stipules scarious, somewhat horny, fulvous, shining,
4 lines long, very deeply six-cleft, the laciniz subulate, attenuate, unequal ; rarely
undivided or shortly cut. Scape 4-8 inches long, sub-compressed and furrowed.
Raceme 4-12 flowered ; pedicels, bracteate, the lower ones longest. Calyx obtuse,
2-3 lines long. Petals dark purple. Anthers oblong. Capsule longer than the calyx,
with obcordate valves. Big

Z Sot. 2. Ptycnostigma, Pi. /. c. p. 92. Styles 3, bifurcate or bipar- 4
tite, the branches flabellato-multijfid, the subdivisions gradually, and not 4
greatly dilated from base to apex. (Sp, 7-8.) Z |

7. D. pauciflora (Banks : DC. Prod. 1. p. 317) stemless ; leaves sessile,
spathulato-cuneiform, 3-nerved; stipules none; scape ciliate, with
glandular hairs, about one-flowered. Pl. lc. p. 202. D. grandiflora,
Bartl. Linn. 7. p. 620.

Var. 8. minor; all parts more slender, flowers smaller; pale or

white. :
Var. y. acaulis; scape shorter than the leaves, flowers smaller, — :
whitish. D. acaulis, Thunb. Prod. p. 57. Fl. Cap. p. 278. a eA }

Has. Wet places below the baths on the Zwarteberg, Caledon, Z. & Z. Zey. 1921. ay
Paarlberg, Drege! W.H.H. 8, in the same places, Zeyher, 1920. y, Koude Bokke- eee ||
veld, beyond Eland’s kloof, Thunberg. (Heb. Thunb. Sond., T.C.D). aon

Leaves 6-8 lines long, 1-3 lines wide, with bright red glandular hairs as long as ae.
the breadth of the leaf. Scape erect, leafless, or rarely with one leaf, 3-6 inches tos
high ; in 8, 1-2 inches ; in y, 1-4 lines long, never altogether wanting, glandular, - eae: |
the glands more copious towards the summit, and about the calyx. Flower one, es
sometimes two, and more rarely 3-4. Calyx obtuse, 2~3 lines long. Petals obovate-
cuneate, sub-retuse, rosy, with a dark purple spot at the base ; in the varieties, paler
or white, in a, 8-12 lines, in B & y. 4 lines long. Anthers ovate. Styles bifid, half
as long as the petals ; the arms capillaceo-multifid. This has the habit. of D. tri-
nervia & D. cuneifolia, but it is easily known by its larger flowers and multifid styles.

8. D. cistifiora (Lin. Amoen. 6. p. 85) ; stem erect, simple, leafy ; leaves
lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, the radical ones rosulate and subspathu-

sy = ___ late ; flowers terminal, solitary or few, pedicellate. Burm. Afr., 75. f: 2°
— Thewnb Fl. Cap. p. 275. Un. It MBG Z 129, Pl. lc.202." *
refey Var. a. alba; flowers white, petals spotted at base, Thunb. I. c.
ihog |b Yan. 6, violacea flowers rosy, purple, or red, Z%unb. 1. ¢. D. viola-

Has. Moist Sandy places ‘ioe Capetown town ; oe the Ca: Flats, & Hott. Holl.
common. Also -river, Saldanha bay, Brackfontein, Chew: Klyn-river, Caledon ;

under Vanstaadenberg Mts. Uitenhage. (Herb. Thunb., Sond. T.C.D. &c).
tape 2O* fasciculate. succulent. Stem 3 inches to a foot high, covered with short, gan

Roridula.] POLYGALE® (Harv.) 79

I inch long, striate, mostly with a deep-colored spot at base. Styles } as long as
petals, deeply bipartite ; the arms fiabellately multifid. The smaller, few-leaved, less
glandularly hairy specimens constitute D. speciosa. Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 14. PI.
lc. p. 202; and the taller many leaved, 3-6 flowered, the D. helianthemum, PI. 1.
€. D. 203,

T. RORIDULA, Linn.

Calyx 5-parted, equal. Petals 5, oval or oblong. Stamens 5 ; anthers
adnate, opening by terminal pores. Ovary trilocular ; ovules solitary or
in pairs, pendulous from the summit ; style simple, stigma capitate.
Capsule 3 celled, 3-valved ; seeds solitary. DC. Prod. 1. p. 320. Endl.
Gen. 5038. ;

Suffruticose or shrubby, glandularly hairy, and viscid plants, natives of South
Africa. The name is a diminution of ros, roris, dew : because of the dew-like drops
that exude from the hairs of the leaves. &. dentata is hung up in country houses,
(according to Thunberg) for the purpose of catching flies. ser re

1. R. dentata (Lin. gen. p. 567); leaves linear-lanceolate, subulate,
acuminate, pinnatifido-dentate, the teeth filiform, glandularly ciliate ;
flowers racemose ; pedicels longer than the bract ; sepals lanceolate.
acuminate, glandular at the margin, as long as the obtuse petals. Lam,
Mi. 1. 141. DC. Prod. 1. 320. Pl. lc. p. 307. Drosera Roridula Thunb.

Has. Mountain tops. Rodesand, Bokkeveld, and elsewhere, near streams, Thunb.
Stellenbosch, on highmountains, between Nieuwekloof and Ylandskloof ; Clanwil-

liam, on the Blauberg and near nips. Eat alley, Drege / (Herb. Sond. T.C.D).

The whole plant viscid. Stem shrubby, 3-6 feet high, branches and ramuli

_ brownish, glabrous. Leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets, one nerved,

ciliate with long and short hairs, and pinnatifid with patent cilixform, 2-3 lineal
subulate teeth, black when dry, 2-2! inches long, 11-2 lines wide at base. Racemes
ending the branchlets, villous, 4-6 flowered ; pedicels 6-12 lines long, bibracteolate
in the middle, and subtended by a leafy bractea of their own length or shorter. Sepals
from an ovato-lanceolate base subulate, acuminate. Petals oval, pale rosy or white.
Anthers oblong. Capsule valves ovate.

2. R. Gorgonias (Pl. 1 c. p. 307); leaves linear-lanceolate, subulate,
acuminate, entire, densely glandularly ciliate, racemes (in flower) spici-
form. Pedicels more than twice as short as the bract ; sepals lanceolate,
setaceo-acuminate, villoso-ciliate at the margin, longer than the acute

ins, near Tulbagh ; and in similar situa-
Herb. Sond).
slender habit, leaves not pinnatifido-
jicato-racemose inflorescence, and sepals without
lly margind» The denuded branches bear at the summit
inted leaves, 2} inches long, 1} lines wide at base. Flowering pedi-
cels very short, Leachaolibe at base ; the fruiting ones longer (4 inch long). Capsule
valves oblong.

Orver XIII. POLYGALEZ, Juss
(By W. H. Harver.) —

olyg oe Jus. An. Mus. 14. p. 386. DC.Prod. x. p. 321. Endl.
das Re otk iii. Polygalacee, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. exxxiii, :

80 POLYGALEE (Harv.) | [Polygala.

Flowers irregular. Sepals 5, (rarely 4~3), distinct, unequal, strongly
imbricated, three exterior, two lateral (the al/@ or wings) interior and
often petaloid. Petals 3 ; one ‘in front (keel or carina) larger, concave,
enclosing the stamens and ovary and very often crested ; two much
smaller, toothlike, lateral and adnate to the staminal tube; rarely 5.
Stamens 8, hypogynous, their filaments united into a split tube (very

-rarely free) ; anthers erect, fixed, one celled, opening at the summit.
Ovary free, compressed, bilocular, the valves fore and aft ; ovules soli-
tary, pendulous, anatropous. Style single, thickened upwards. Fruit
a dry capsule or a berry ; seeds solitary, with fleshy albumen, and an
axile embryo ; the radicle next the hilum. :

Herbs, undershrubs, shrubs or even trees, with scattered (rarely opposite), or fasci-
cled, simple, entire, exstipulate leaves. Flowers solitary, racemose or spiked, com-
monly purple or pink, rarely yellow, blue or white ; the pedicels tribracteate at base.

A considerable Order, comprising between 500 and 600 species, dispersed through-
out the tropics and the warmer parts of the temperate zone, with a few outliers in
the colder zones. The flowers are remarkable for great irregularity. The calyx,
Polygala, is partly coloured, and its two lateral sepals often form the most conspk =
cuous part of the flower ; the petals are generally confluent into a single, boat-shaped a
piece, to which the staminal tube is more or less adnate ; the whole blossom is almost
papilionaceous. The general properties of the Order are bitterness and acridity;
some are valuable tonics, and others emetics and cathartics. Few are inert. | eae
Kramerias (Rhatany-roots) are strongly astringent, and their coloured juices used to
adulterate Port wine. Polygala serpentaria has a Colonial reputation, as @ remedy
for the bite of snakes. < : <

.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

* Sepals very unequal, the two lateral winglike.
I. Polygala.— Capsvle membranous, oblong or obcordate.
Ii. Mundtia.—Frwit a juicy drupe. 2
- * Sepals nearly equal, of similar form.
TIT. Muraltia.— Capsule membranous, mostly 4-horned or 4-tubecled.

I. POLYGALA. Tourn. =

Sepals 5, the two lateral (ale) much larger than the rest, winglike,
and coloured. Petals 3-5, united at base and attached to the staminal
tube ; the lower one keelshaped, usually with a multifid crest below
_ the apex; lateral petals small, simple or bifid ; posterior frequently

wanting. Stamens 8, united into a slit tube, and hidden within the an-
_ terior petal. Style bent upwards ; stigma oblique. Capsule membranous, -
_ compressed, elliptical, obovate, or obcordate, often notched ; seeds gene-_
rally pubescent. DC. Prod. 1. p. 321. :
Shrubs, undershrubs or herbs, with alternate, pposite, simple, entire leaves,
andi twowihens, wplked Gr captions, terial or Ineo botiome Podioals tai
bracteate at base. An immense genus, common in the Northern temperate zone,
and in the tropics of Asia and America, as well as in S, Africa. Name, roAu, much

have endeavoured, as fa;
heads. In

- Polygata. POLYGALE (Harv.). | 81

well-dried specimens, I shall be glad to reconsider any of my present decisions. The
following artificial table refers to the species I have actually examined :—

ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

A. Shrubs or undershrubs (rarely subherbaceous ).

" (a) Ale coloured, broader than the capsule.
4 * Leaves opposite... ... -. se. (2) Oppositifolia,
a ** Leaves alternate ; lateral petals bifid or bilobed. @)
+ Racemes terminal, or sublateral, erect or erecto-patent.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate, oblong or linear (flowers showy. )
Shrubs.
Leaves flat, ovate or lanceolate ... ... 2). myrtifolia.
Lagene with 2 revolute ced linear, truncate: at @)

—— with revolute margins, linear, tapering a at

oh undershrub (leaves and pubescence va variable) .. 6 bracteolata.

Leaves subulate, very narrow (flowers rather small ; (12) ericeefolia.
tt Racemes lateral, horizontally patent or deflexed.

Leaves linear, the margin reflexed or revolute.

A shrub, with showy flowers... ... ... ... ... (8) peduncularis.

An undershrub, with small flowers mcie cee eer 416) SES,
Leaves subulate, or linear-lanceolate, flat.

Leaves linear-lanceolate ; carina with a minute, un-

divided crest... ... ... (19) Lehmanniana.
Leaves subulate ; ‘carina with # multifid crest... (17) refracta.
Leaves few and very minute ; stems filiform ... (18) macra,

*** Leaves alternate ; lat. petals oblong, obovate or obcordate (not bifid ).
+ Racemes terminal, or sublateral, erect.

(1) Plants glabrous or nearly so.
Anterior sepals connate into a bilobed sepal... ... (15) tenuifolia.
Ant. sepals distinct ; leaves ciliato-denticulate ... (13) ciliatifolia.
Ant. sepals distinct ; leaves not ciliate or denticulate.
Stems sharply triquetrous ; ale ovate,acute ... (7) triquetra.
Stems terete, shrubby ; ale obtuse (flowers showy) (8) virgata.
Stems terete, suffruticose ; ale obtuse (flowers smaller ).
Capsules obcordate.
Branches erect, vi ; seeds albo-tomentose hottentotta.
Branches ; seeds half-glabrous (10) seminuda.
Branches divaricate, much divided, soul ae Na 1
oblong, bidentate .. ¥e é
(2) Plants tomentose, villous, or pubescent. _
than the flower ; ale pubescent = _ (22) pubiflora.

| Pedicels shorter than the the flower ; ale glabrous, ob-

(24) hispida.
Peddoctesbuactiat Wks: edie; ‘ale ginkeoul, ovese (25) Ohlendorfiana.
Pedicels as long as the flower, or longer -. +e. (23) gracilipes,
+t Racemes lateral, patent, or reflexed.
Leaves subulate, glabrous... (20) Ludwigiana.
Leaves minute, ovate-oblong or oblong, mucronulate, :
pubescent .. ose ‘jax Ps a ‘ (21) brevifolia.
Ale nish or green, narrower © caps ~~
™ Delos erect, terminal or lateral, pluri-flowered ... ... (26) Bowkere.
Racemes lateral, , patent or reflexed ; leaves obtuse or mu- - : : “al
dia elliptical mucronate, albomarginate ; petals claw- oe ae

alg geting curved, acuminate, green ; ims aia eee

82 POLYGALEZ (Harv.) [ Polygala.

Racemes lateral, patent or reflexed ; leaves acute at both
ends, lanceolate.
Decumbent ; branches angular ; leaves linear lanceo- ise
late ; ale oval-oblong, acute ; capsule obcordate ... (29) illepida.
Erect ; branches filiform ; leaves lanceolate, acuminate,
pungent ; ale ovato-lanceolate, acute ; capsule oval-

oblong... on (30) amatymbica.

B, Herbaceous plants, with minute flowers in terminal spiked-racemes.
Leaves linear, obtuse ; bracts oval ; carina longer than the

petals ; capsule obcordate stcccatei ae Sc oes
Leaves linear-subulate, acute; bracts subulate; carina :
shorter than the petals; capsule orbicular ... ... ... (32) capillaris.

Group 1. Oppositirotiz, Shrubs, with opposite leaves. (Sp. 1)-

1. P. oppositifolia (Linn.) ; glabrous or pubescent, shrubby ; leaves
opposite, subsessile, spreading or reflexed, cordate or ovate or acuminate,
mucronate ; racemes subterminal, few-flowered, the pedicels much
longer than the ovate, keeled, one nerved bracts ; ale broadly elliptic-
ovate, oblique, mucronulate ; anterior sepals ovate, obtuse ; lateral pe-
tals bilo the posterior lobe earshaped, reflexed, the anterior deltoid
or cuspidate ; capsule obcordate. DC. Prod. 1. p. 322.

Var. a nummularia; glabrous ; leaves sub-orbicular, cordate at base,
mucronulate. P. nummularia, Burch. DC. l.c. BE. & Z. | 131.

Var, 8. cordata ; glabrous or downy ; leaves broadly cordate, acute,
or acuminate. P. cordifolia, Thunb. E. & Z.! 133. P. attenuata,

Todd. E. & Z.! 134. P. Zeyheri, Spreng. E. & Z. ! 135:

_ _ Var. y. cuspidata ; glabrous ; leaves cordate, cuspidato-acuminate ;
branches more or less 4-angled. P. tetragona, Burch. DO. l.c. £. & Z.!
132.

Van. 2. trigonoides ; glabrous ; leaves large, broadly ovate or sub-
triangular, acute. P. oppos. var. trigonoides, E. Mey. ! :

Var. «. latifolia ; pubescent ; leaves broadly ovate, cuspidate-acum-
nate. P. latifolia, Ker. Bot. Reg. 645. HE. & Z.1136. :

Var. %. borboniefolia ; pubescent ; leaves ovate, acute. P. borbont-
efolia, Burch. DC. l.c. E. & Z, 1 138.

Var. 7. rhombifolia; glabrous or pubescent ; leaves rhombic ovate,
trapeziform or ovato-lanceolate. P. oppositifolia, BE. & Z! 137. Drege!
_ & var. trapeoides, E. M.! P. rhominfolia, E. & Z.! 139. P. macran-

tha, Ture. Anim. p. 75.
~ Var. é, lanceolata ; glabrous ; leaves lanceolate ! P. glauca, E. Mey.!
(pro parte ).

Hap. Subalpine woods and scrubs, from Swellendam eastwards to Port Nataland

A ‘tall, slender, shrub, with brillian fl fre-

Bs asap) ah ith conspicuous, brilliant e flowers ;
quently ciate inves re extrmaly vase sean shape, andthe
besoreflm 7 reduced under two principal forms or races, namely,
thous ith eat and he wh nt rhombi lene Acard say of
further reduced to a single species," Testi has convinced me that all may

sc pees es oe

Polygala.| POLYGALEZ (Harv.) ' 83

Group 2. Myrtirori#. Much branched, leafy shrubs, with alter-
nate leaves. Racemes few-flowered, short, lateral or subterminal,
Flowers large, brilliant purple, amply crested. (Sp. 2-5).

2. P. myrtifolia (Linn.) ; glabrous or pubescent, shrubby ; leaves
alternate, petiolate, flat, erect or spreading, dense, either elliptic-oblong,
obovate, lanceolate or sublinear, obtuse or acute ; racemes few-flowered,
sessile, subterminal ; pedicels much longer than the bracts ; alee ovate-
cordate, oblique, mucronulate ; anterior sepals ovate (sometimes sharply
keeled) ; lateral petals 2-lobed, the posterior lobe ear-shaped and re-
flexed, anterior acute, deltoid or cuspidate ; capsule obcordate. DC.
Prod. 1, p. 322. E.§ Z. No. 140-144. .

Var. a, amoena; leaves elliptic-oblong or obovate, obtuse or sub-
acute. P. myrtifolaand P. amoena, Thunb. P. grandiflora, Lodd. Cab.
& 1227. S é oe :

Var. 8. Natalensis ; villoso-pubescent ; leaves scattered, ovato-lan-
ceolate, acute at each end and mucronate. Sond. / Linn. 23. p. 14.

Var. y. Cluytioides ; glabrous or nearly so ; leaves densely set,
lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, acute, mucronate. P. Cluytioides, Burch.
DC. l. c. P. glauca E.M.! (pro parte) E. & Z.! 143.

_ Var. 6. ligularis; pubescent ; leaves linear, subacute, tapering to
the base. P. ligularis, Bot. Reg. t. 637» DC.l.c. Eck. & Zey. ! No. 144.

ao Common, in mountain gullies from Capetown to Port Natal. (Herb. T.C.D.,

ple flowers at or near the ends of the branches. Leaves very variable in shape,
mostly tapering to the base ; sometimes very obtuse and even round-topped, some-
times acute or even acuminate. Among the above varieties, var. 5. ligularis is
most like a species ; but it runs insensibly into y., which passes by sundry grada-
tions into a. The characters of var. 8. appear to arise from its having grown in a
very shady and moist situation. The floral characters are nearly as e as those
of the leaves ; as above indicated,

3. P. pinifolia — Ill. t. 598, f 2.) ; shrubby, the branches nearly
glabrous ; leaves alternate, petit erect, glabrous, linear, the margins
revolute, the under surface with a central furrow, mucronate, tapering
at base ; racemes few-flowered, lateral and terminal, sewbsessile ; pedicels
shorter than the flower ; bracts persistent, blunt ; ale cordate-ovate,
oblique, obtuse ; lateral petals two-lobed, the posterior lobe blunt, ear-
shaped, reflexed, the anterior acute and cuspidate. DC. Prod. 1. p. 322.
Drege! Herb. (not B.&Z)
: , Zwarteberg, 3-4000ft., Drege / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.

A used eeichod ae RE 2-3 feet high. a anal longer and cinenenah
in P. teretifolia, and (not truncate) at base. The whole plant is nearly
glabrous. E. & Z.! conf this plant with P. teretifolia in their joint collec-
tion ; but the true plant occurs in Zeyher’s recent collection.

4. P. teretifolia (Thunb. ! prod. p. 120.) ; shrubby, the branches albo-

tomentose ; leaves alternate, coor & patent, glabrous or downy, linear-
terete, with revolute margins

or truncate at base; racemes lateral and terminal, few-flowered,
sessile ; pedicels shorter than the flower ; bracts persistent,

a central furrow, mucronate, ee -
deltoid ;

A densely branched, well covered shrub, 3-8 feet high, with large, showy, pur

84 POLYGALEZ (Harv.) [Polygala.

. alee cordate-ovate, oblique, obtuse ; lateral petals 2-lobed, both lobes

the capsule. (Sp. 6-15).

_virgate branches ; leaves alternate, lanceolate or linear, obtuse or acute,

aN
ate

rk Brome ‘ te bans Laywerdlnk d, F Pe 5 ae toAcom, ovale. pels 2 wir !
ee i ‘ “gas i :

acute and cuspidate. Thunb. / Cap. p. 554. DC. Prod. 1. p. 323.
E. § Z. No. 153.and 154/ BP. Eckloniana, Presl ! ; at ee
Has. Kamiesberg, Drege! E. & Z./ Gauritz river, HZ. & Z.! (Herb. Thunb., ~ a

T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
Nearly allied to P. pintfolia, but with squarrose leaves, white-woolly branches, &c.

Much branched, 2~3 feet high, with the aspect of a Phylica. Flowers a palish
purple, often turning green when dry.

5. P. peduncularis (Burch. Cat. 5163.) ; scabrous or glabrous, shrub- aa
by, with angular branches ; leaves alternate, occasionally sub-opposite or
ternate, approximate, spreading, linear, with revolute margins, mucronate,
obtuse at base ; racemes lateral and terminal, few-flowered, conspicu-
ously pedunculate ; peduncle angular, spreading, pedicels as long as the
flower ; bracts persistent, swbulate, acute ; alee cordate-ovate, oblique, —
obtuse or sub-acute ; lateral petals deeply bilobed, both lobes obtuse
and nearly equal. DC. Prod. 1. p. 323 (not of E. & Z.) sae
Var. «. scabra; stems hispidulous; leaves scabrous above. Drege —
7188! P. rosmarinifolia, E. & Z.! 155. (pro parte) P. hispidula, Presl.
Var. 9. glabra; stem and leaves glabrous, the latter sometimes —
narrow-oblong. P. intermedia, Drege! (not of E. & Z.) P. rosmari- —
nifolia BE. & Z. (p. parte.) aa ee
Has. Outeniquaberg, 3000ft., Drege. / Zeekoevalley, F. & Z./ B. between Picke-
nier’s Kloof and Markuskraal, 1~1500ft. January. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
An erect, sparingly branched shrub, 1-2 feet high, with virgate branches. Ra-
cemes mostly lateral, 2-6-flowered, on widely spreading peduncles 1-2 inches long
the flowers resembling those of P. myrtifolia and equally large. Our var. a., ap-
pears to agree exactly with P. peduncularis, DC. ; var. 8. may be that author's P.
intermedia. Its leaves are longer and sometimes much broader than in var. a., and
it looks sometimes suspiciously like P. myrtifolia, but differs from the narrowest
leaved varieties of that species by the revolute leaf-margins and long peduncles. —
The lower leaves are often deflexed. s

Group 3. Virears. Virgate shrubs or under-shrubs, sparingly
branched, with scattered, mostly linear or acicular leaves. Racemes
terminal, many-flowered (rarely few-flowered), lengthening during an-
thesis. Flowers large or mediocre, crested ; the alee much broader than

6. P. bracteolata (Linn.) ; glabrous or pubescent, suffruticose, with

or cuspidate, flat, with a thickened or slightly reflexed margin ; racemes
rminal, many-flowered ; pedicels longer than the flower ; bracts linear
or lanceolate, persistent, the lowest longest ; alee broadly ovate, acute or
acuminate ; anterior sepals ovate ; lateral petals cuspidate, minutely
eared at base. DC. Prod. 1. p. 322. Bot. Mag. 345. Drege, No. 7195,
7196! Zeyher 1940! Burm. t. 73. f. 2, and 5. Thunb. ! Cap. p. 555:
hes «. Yacemosa; glabrous, or nearly so ; leaves linear-lanceolate ;
racemes elongate. P. bracteolata, H. & Z.! 159. P.Burmanni,E.&Z.!
160 (not of D.C.) and P. intermedia, E. & Z. 158. P. subulata, E.Mey! a
Var. 8. umbellata ; pubescent or villous ; leaves lanceolate or ovato-
lanceolate, the margin conspicuously reflexed ; racemes usually short

ey ee eae Me t

Polygala.} POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 85

and corymbose. P. wmbellata, Thunb. Cap. 555. P. pubiflora, E.&Z.!
156. (not of Burch.) P. calycina, Presl. !
Has. Moist, sandy flats and mountain sides ; common throughout the colony
(Herb. Thunb., T.C.D., Hook., Sond., &c.)
12-18 inches high, erect or spreading, mostly many branched from near the base,
but often quite simple. Flowers bright purple, showy and amply crested. Inter-
mediate states occur between the two varieties. quandh hale ag a.

7. P.triquetra (Presl., Bot. Bem. p.15.); glabrous, suffraticose, many-
stemmed ; stems sub-simple, virgate, sharply triangular or winged ;
leaves sessile, erect, rigid, callous and scaberulous at the margin, sharply
mucronate, midribbed, the lower ones lanceolate, the upper linear, subu-
late ; racemes terminal (or lateral) erect, densely many-flowered ; pe-
dicels as long as the ale ; bracts deciduous, subulate, acute ; ale clawed,
ovate, acute, anterior sepals ovate ; lateral petals longer than the amply-
crested keel, erect, oblong-cucullate ; capsule winged, elliptic-oblong,
entire ; seeds albo-setose. Drege 7193.

_ Has. South Africa, Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hoek., Sond.)
_ A remarkably rigid under-shrub, 12~18 inches high, scarcely branched. Flowers
much smaller than in P. bracteolata, and less coloured : ale greenish white in fruit.
‘Drege (Linn. Vol. 19.) refers it to P. Beitiana, E. & Z. ! but that, according to authen-
tic specimens, isa Muraltia/

ee

_ §. P. virgata (Thunb. Cap. p. 555.) ; shrubby, glabrous or puberu-
lous, with virgate, terete branches ; leavés scattered, distant or close,
either cuneiform and mucronate, or linear, or lanceolate, obtuse or
acute, mostly tapering to the base, the margin slightly reflexed ; racemes
_ terminal, elongating, many flowered ; pedicels shorter than the flower ;
bracts subulate, deciduous, alee broadly elliptical or suborbicular, very ob-
__ tuse, ant. sepals elliptical, concave ; keel amply crested, sub-acute, lat, —
_ petals clawed, flabelliform, sub-truncate, flattish or involute ; capsule , L\.;
-___-—- obeordate, winged. P. simplex, P. speciosa, and P. genistoides, DO. *” ais wa ee
- Prod, 1. p. 322-323. P.cernua, Thunb. Cap. 555 (not LE. & Z.) ae “Helly
‘Var. a. decora; branches and young leaves minutely downy ; leaves 6
_ lanceolate, and linear-lanceolate ; racemes very long, and bracteze much .
acuminate, and tardily deciduous. P. decora, Sond. ! Linn. 23. p. 14, :
_ -Dietr. Fl. Univ. t. 79! P. bracteata, Drege! P. lasiopoda, Presl. !
ie Var. 8. intermedia ; glabrous ; lower leaves very long, lanceolate,
upper shorter and linear, mucronate. Drege 7211. 2. Burmanni, DC.?
(fide Presl.) ; also P. longifolia, Presl.!
Var. y. speciosa ; glabrous or nearly so; lower leaves obovate, or
cuneate, upper more linear, all obtuse or sub-truncate, mucronulate ;
tacemes long and lax, bractese soon deciduous. P. speciosa, Bot. Mag.
t. 1780. DU. Prod. t. p. 323. H. & Z. 146. P. virgata, E. & Z.! 145.
Drege, 7187! P. simplex, DC. 1. ¢.
_ Var. 6.1 Sprengeliana; minutely downy or glabrescent; leaves
linear, tapering at base, obtuse, mucronulate ; racemes shorter, and
_ flowers smaller than in var. y P. Sprengeliana, E. & Z. ! 147.
Var. «. genistoides; glabrous; leaves few, distant, very narrow-
_ linear, acute or obtuse, sometimes subulate ; racemes many-flowered, eae
flowers larger or smaller. P. cernua, Thunb. ! (fide Herb. Holm.!) P,

86 POLYGALE (Harv.) [ Polygala.

spartioides, P. simplex and P. ephedroides, HK. §& Z. 148, 149, 150. P.
macra, Drege (non. DC.). P. genistordes, Poir. DC. Prod, t. p. 323.
#. & Z. 1 151.

Has. Subalpine places, among shrubs ; Eastern Districts to Port Natal. (v. v.
and Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond., &c.)

A shrub, or small tree, 2-5-15 feet high, with rod-like branches, terminating in
racemes of handsome purple or fiesh-coloured fiowers. It varies extremely in dif-
ferent localities (as above indicated) ; but after a careful examination of multitudes
of specimens in several Herbaria, I cannot find any constant characters to separate
the book-species enumerated above. The 3 first varieties run insensibly into each
other ; and the sth (<)is obviously a starved state, from dry ground. Var. 5, which is
smaller in all parts, with much shorter racemes, looks more like a distinct species ;
but I cannot find an absolute character.

9. P. hottentotta (Presl. Bem. p. 15.) ; rigid, suffruticose (or annual 4)
erect, glabrous, with slender, virgate branches ; leaves narrow-linear, or
subulate, mucronate, scattered, sub-erect, flattish, tapering at base ;racemes
terminal, elongate, many flowered, pedunculate, the flowers often secund ;
bracts deciduous, lanceolate, acute ; pedicels clavate, much shorter than
the flower ; alz obovate-elliptical, very blunt, ant. sepals oval, very ob-

tase ; keel acute, amply crested, lateral petals broadly obovate ; capsule

obcordate, winged ; seeds albo-tomentose. Drege No. 7194! P. pedun-
eulata, E. & Z.; No. 152, (non DC.) P. cernua, E.& Z.! (74, (non
Thunb.), P.uneinata, Hochst. Zeyher No. 1936.

Has. Karroo places, Graaf Reynet and Uitenhage, F. & Z./ Riet River, and
Macallisberg, Burke/ Natal, Krauss / Sanderson / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.,)

A slender, erect, suffruticose or perhaps annual or biennial plant, nearly agreeing
with P. virgata in floral characters, but much smaller and less woody.—To my eyes
this plant resembles the much-disputed figure in Burman (tab. 74. fig. 4.) on which
De. founds his P. Burmanni ; but, without reference to De Candolle’s Herbarium,
it would be unsafe to quote the latter name.

10. P. seminuda (Harv.) ; herbaceous, erect, minutely downy or gla-
brous, with flexuous branches ; leaves few and distant, patent, linear,
tapering at base, sub-petiolate, flattish ; racemes terminal (and lateral),
erect, elongating, many flowered ; pedicels very short, scarcely exceed-
ing the elluptic, obtuse, sub-persistent bracts; ale elliptical, oblique at
base, obtuse, midribbed, ant. sepals obovate ; keel very blunt, crested,
ro — broadly spathulate ; capsule obcordate ; seeds half-glabrous.
-yher, No. 58!
Hodk, ao Keel and Bitterfontein, aahe? Pappe (No. 30.) (Herb. T.C.D.

; apparently annual? Stem 8-12 inches high, irregularly branched, terete.
Flowers small, 1-2 lines long ; the keel oe ee the ale pale, with a green
rib. The seeds are naked for half their length, and densely albo-setose on the

ro upper) half Tt comes nearest to P. leptophylla, but differs in habit, and in

AL. P. leptophylla (Burch. ! in DC. Prod. 1. p. 323-); suffruticose,
pele girs much Geanthed glabrous or ake wer Ltn straight,
and rigid branches ; leaves few and distant, patent, linear, obtuse or
mucronulate, tapering at base, petiolate ; racemes mostly terminal,
erect, gid, elongating, many: a very short and flowers
pendulous ; bracts elliptical, obtuse, tardily deciduous ; al elliptic-ob-
long, oblique at base, obtuse, midribbed, ant. sepals obovate ; keel

gE ROR > cae aa aimaimaal

r
;
.

i

Polygala. POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 87

crested, lat. petals broadly spathulate ; capsule oblong-obcordate ; seeds
densely albo-setose. P.rigens,H. Mey! P. recta, Presl.! .

Has. Between Natvoet and the Gareep and Camdebo. Drege / Namaqualand,
Zeyher / (Herb. Burch! T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A small, rigid, much branched undershrub, 1-2 feet high ; the peduncles, after
the flowers fall, indurating, but not spinous. Leaves }-} inch long ; flowers 2-3
lines long, pale, the alee whitish, with green veins. I describe chiefly from Drege’s
and Zeyher’s specimens, which Ihave compared with an authentic fragment, received
from Dr. Burchell.

12. P. ericefolia (DC. Prod. 1. p. 323.) ; suffruticose, glabrous or
nearly so, with virgate branches ; leaves crowded, erect, rigid, linear-
subulate or lanceolate, acutely mucronate, flattish, ribbed or keeled be-
low, with the margin microscopically denticulate or rough, the younger
leaves ciliate ; racemes terminal (or sublateral) short, corymbose, few

flowered ; pedicels shorter or longer than the flower ; bracts persistent,

ovate, keeled ; alze ovate-elliptical, obtuse, mucronulate, ant. sepals ovate,
obtuse, ciliolate ; keel crested, lat. petals either short and subtruncate,
or unequally bilobed, the after-lobe minute, ovate, the anterior sword-
shaped ; capsule oblong-obcordate. EZ. & Z.! No. 164. Drege 7200!

Var. a. ericoides; leaves flattish, conspicuously denticulate ; late-
ral petals commonly bilobed. P. ericefolia E.& Z.

Var, 8, Eckloniana; leaves narrower and more subulate, somewhat
channelled, round-backed or keeled ; petals commonly bilobed. P.
fickloniana, Lehm, E.& Z.! 162. P. pungens, E. & Z.! 165. P. ace-
rosa, H. Mey. P. No. 5614, Burchell !

Var. y. Mundtiana; leaves broader, and more lanceolate, midribbed ;
petals short and truncate. P. Mundtiana, E.& Z.! 167.

Var. 6. microlopha ; more branching, with fewer and shorter, smooth-
edged leaves ; smaller flowers, less divided crests to the keel, and une-
qually bilobed petals. P. microlopha, E.§ Z./ 168. (an DC.41 c.)
P. pungens, E. Mey ! pm

Has. Grassy places, among small shrubs. From Capetown to Kaffirland.
Swellendam aad Direhage, E. ez! B. Cape Flats, Wotlon® WALEL &e. y. Swel-
lendam, Mundt! Sparmann! (in Herb, Holm.) (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A slender, virgulate, many-stemmed undershrub, 6-12-18 inches high. Leaves
generally very erect, variable in abundance, length, breadth, and roughness of the
edges, &c. The petals vary, as above described, in specimens from the same locality
and which are otherwise identical. Extreme forms look somewhat different, but
the larger the suit of specimens examined, the more difficult will it be found to sepa-
rate the above varieties. I have not seen any authentic specimen of Burchell’s P.

13. P. ciliatifolia (Turez. Anim. No. 2671.) ; suffruticose, glabrous,
or nearly so ; leaves densely set, erecto-patent, rigid, linear-subulate,
acute, mucronate, flat, midribbed, conspicuously ciliate-denticulate ; ra-
cemes terminal, erect, subumbellate, few flowered ; pedicels filiform,
longer than the flowers ; bracts subulate, acute ; alee ovate, acute, ant.
sepals ovate, acuminate, not ciliolate ; keel moderately crested, lat. pe-
tals small, linear-oblong, truncate, capsule... % P. macra, E & Z.
166, (non DC.) P. ciliolata, Hare.

Has. Mountain slopes near the Pot, Steenbocks, and Klyn-rivers, Caledon, FE. &
Z. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond ) ee

Ov

i
1 |

Lh

m9
Age

88 POLYGALEZ (Harv.)

Closely related to P. ericefolia, but differing as follows: The bracts are much

longer, and more acute, the ale and ant.-sejals and lat.-petals are very different, and
the leaves are much more decidedly denticulate. Theinflorescence is more umbellate
than in any other Cape species.

14. P. Garcini (DC. Prod. 1. p. 323.) ; glabrous, suffruticose, with te-
rete, virgate branches ; leaves linear-subulate, scattered, channelled above,
keeled below, erect, mucronate ; racemes terminal, many-flowered ; pedi-
cels much shorter than the flower ; bracts deciduous, ovate, keeled ;
alze oval, obtuse, ant. sepals ovate-orbicular, very obtuse ; keel shorter
than the ample crest, lat, petals as long as the keel, spathulate, truncate ;
capsule oblong, sharply bidentate, margined, but not winged. Z£. & Z.
161. Burm. t. 73. f. 3. Drege 7203, 7210. P. bracteolata, y, Linn. Thunb.
in Herb. Holm. :

Has. Mts. and Hills round Capetown ; also Hott. Holland, and Saldanha Bay.
E. & Z. Pappe, &c. common. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook. Sond. &c.)

1-1} feet high, divided near the root ; branches sub-simple. Flowers bright purple.
Alz longer than the crest and much enlarged in fruit, becoming obovate. The cap-
sule is usually notched, very rarely quite entire.

15. P. tenuifolia (Link, Hort. Berol. 2. p. 220) ; suffruticose, gla-
brous, or nearlyso, with angular, virgate branches ; leaves linear or

obovato-linear or oblong, approximate, flattish, with slightly revolute mar- °

gins, obtuse, mucronulate, midribbed ; racemes terminal, many-flowered,
elongating ; pedicels clavate, shorter than the flower ; bracts deciduous,
subulate ; alze oval, obtuse, anterior sepals connate into a single, biden-
date calyx segment; keel oblong, with a small crest, lat.-petals as long as
the keel, obovate or obcordate ; capsule oblong, bidentate, margined. Z.
& Z. 163. P. tenuis, Dietr. (non DC.)

Var. a, latifolia ; leaves varying from linear to elliptic-oblong or oval,

Fe 8. linearis; leaves narrow linear, erect, and straight, P. linearis,
. Mey.

VaR. y. uncinata ; leaves obovato-linear, or linear, recurved at the
point. P. uncinata, HE. Mey. P. rigens, E. & Z. 173. (not of Drege, or
Burchell. ) : ;
_Has. Var. a, Port Natal, Sanderson. B & y. Eastern Districts, Caffraria and
Natal ; Various collectors, (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
6-12 inches high, more or less branching. ‘Leaves very variable in number and
eon Flowers with the perfume of violets ; the keel dark purple, the wings pale,
1 dark green, branching veins, This species is readily known by the confluent
anterior sepals, whose edges cohere for more than 3 of the whole length.

Group 4. Rerracra. Slender suffrutices, with scattered leaves, gla-
brous or thinly downy. Racemes lateral, pedunculate, few flowered, very
patent or reflened. Keel either crested or nearly nude. (Sp. 16-21).

16, P. affinis (DC. Prod. 1 otal om
: ; (UU. Frod. t. p. 322) ; half herbaceous or suffruticose,
erect or diffuse, thinly tomentose, with filiform stems ; leaves linear or _

lanceolate, obtuse or mucronn’ ace ST nearer
on ccoelats saan or mucronulate, pubescent, midribbed, with reflexed

cunule marguns ; racemes opposite the leaves, short and few-flowered,
spreading or reflexed ; the flowers subdi distant, on deflexed short pedicels;
bracts persistent, ovate, acute; alse elliptic ovate sctorete weno icte:

[Polygala.

ou ae

- Polygala.] POLYGALEE (Harv.) 89
hispidulous, ant. sepals ovate, hairy ; keel crested, lat. petals obovate, bi-

lobed or bidentate ; capsule obcordate, wider than theale. FE. d& Z. 172.
Drege, (pro parte) also P. hispida, E. ‘Mey. (non Burch ).

Has. South Africa, Masson, in Herb. Banks, Paarlberg, Dr. Alexander, Moun-
tains near Caledon, and the Winterhoeksberg, Tulbagh, E. & Z. River Zonderende,
Zeyher, Hex-riviers Kloof, Drege. Formerly cultivated at Kew. (Herb. Banks.,
Hook., Sond).

Root slightly branched. Stems 6-12 inches high, slender, branching. Leaves }
# inch long, sometimes with a reflexed point, 4 to 1 line broad. Flowers pale, 4-8
in a lax, deflexed raceme, the ube with dark veins. This has the foliage and pu-
bescence of some starved states of wre and the hairy sepals of P. pubiflora, but
a very different inflorescence.

17. P. refracta (D.C. Prod. 1. p. erate suffruticose, erect, glabrous,
branching, the branches angular ; leaves scattered, subulate, keeled,
erecto-patent. acute, mucronate, flattish above, racemes lateral, horizon-
tally patent or refiexed, few-flowered, pedicels clavate, as long as the
flower, deflexed, bracts deciduous, lanceolate, acute ; ale broadly ovate,
mucronulate ; keel with a short multifid crest, lat. petals sharply bifid;
capsule obcordate, narrower than the al.

Var. 8. Steudeliana; leaves very remote, and shorter, Z. & Z. No. ane
Has. On the Cape Flats, W.H.H. &c. Ecklon, Grahamstown, 7. Williamson,

(Herb. T.C.D., Hook. Sond).

A slender, straggling, slightly branched undershrub, 12-16 inches high; a or
spreading. "Flowers purple, turning greenish when dry,

18. P. macra (DC. Prod. 1. p. 323) ; suffruticose, glabrous, many-
stemmed, with sub-simple, dena acute-angular branches ; leaves few
and distant, minute, subulate, acute, erect, the uppermost reduced to
mere scales ; racemes lateral, patent or reflexed, few-flowered, pedicels
about as long as the flower, bracts deciduous, subulate ; alze ovate, acute,
broader than the capsule ; keel with a multifid crest; lateral petals chery
bifid ; capsule obcordate. P, Pappeana, E. & Z. 176. P. restate; Me.
Mey, % in Herb. Drege. also Drege, No. 7205.

Hap. Among Restios, on the Mts., near the Waterfall, Tulbagh, Z. &Z. Dutoite .
Kloof, 2~3000 ft. Drege. (Herb. Hook., Benth., Sond.)

Stems very slender, diffuse or decumbent, curved, often nearly leafless. sLenves
very minute, and close pressed. Flowers rather small, aes with shorter

_ or longer pedicels. This so closely agrees with De Candolle’s and answers
80 aptly to the Seivial name mace Gmongse) Heh L have Betis of the name. £,
& Z. innocaakiieaill the inflorescence an wmbel, sod tao isd tearfas > their own spe-
cimens have: xacenes and saamiply crested keel.

19. P. Lehmanniana & Z.! No. 177) ; suffruticose, glabrous or
pubescent, slightly bran with angular branches ; leaves closely ap-
proximate, linear-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, flat, midribbed ; racemes
lateral, horizontally patent or deflexed, few flowered ; ; pedicels shorter
than the flowers, deflexed ; bracts subpersistent, subulate, acute ; ale
ovate-elliptical, obtuse, ant. sepals ovate-oblong, acute, oblique ; keel with

a flabelliform, undivided crest ; lat. petals deeply bi-lobed, ‘the posterior

lobe broad, oblong, the anterior narrow linear.

tig places round the Lion's Head, C ;endon
Mountain sides, Srabide: / Seen oir rar Benth).
o> perk rees onder, ually minal Le Taare inch

’

90 POLYGALEZ (Harv.) [ Polygala.

long, 3 line broad, twice or thrice as long as the internodes, erecto-patent. The
undivided crest of the keel is remarkable, and peculiar to this species and the fol-
lowing.

20. P. Ludwigiana (E. & Z.! No. 175.) ; suffruticose, glabrous, dif-
fuse, with slender, angular branches ; leaves distantly scattered, subu-
late, channeled, acutely mucronate ; racemes lateral, horizontally patent
or deflexed, pedunculate, short and few-flowered ; pedicels very much
shorter than the flower ; bracts persistent, subulate, downy ; alee broadly
ovate, mucronulate, ant.. sepals roundish-ovate, acute, oblique ; keel
with a very minute, undivided crest, lat. petals broadly spathulate, sub-
entire ; capsule oblong-obcordate, scarcely indented. Drege No. 7201 !

Has. Among grass, on the mountains at Brackfontein, Clanwilliam, Z. & Z. /
Nieuwekloof, Drege/ (Herb. Hook., Sond. & Benth.)

A very slender, half herbaceous, slightly branched plant, with a few, very narrow,

distant, erect leaves, and subumbellate, deflexed racemes. The crest of the keel is
extremely minute, quite entire, and situated just below the apex, and may easily
escape notice. The flowers are bright purple. I have chiefly described from Drege’s
specimens, A single fragment from E. & Z. in Dr. Sonder’s Herbarium appears to
be deformed, having the peduncles imbricated for § their length with closely set,
empty bracts. ;

21. P. brevifolia (Harv.) ; suffruticose, minutely downy, divaricately
much branched, with angular, rigid branches ; leaves minute, scattered,
downy, ovate-oblong or oblong, sharply mucronate, flat ; racemes lateral,
horizontally patent, 1-2-flowered ; pedicels deflexed, clavate, much
shorter than the flower ; bracts subulate, persistent ; alae broadly ovate,
subacute, oblique, ant. sepals ovate, acute ; keel (without crest ?), lat.
petals . . %; capsules narrow-obcordate. Drege No. 7202.

Has. On the Blaauwberg, 3000-40001t., erb, Hook., Sond., Benth.)

Seemingly proeteaie Stare 6-12 ce ek straight branches. Leaves
1-2 lines long, few and far between. Peduncles supra-axillary, }~} inches long,

near the apex, and in our specimens bearing a solitury flower. I have not
seen the lat. petals, and only imperfectly the keel.

Group 5. Hispipa. Small, half-herbaceous or suffruticose, hairy oF
tomentose plants, with alternate, lanceolate or ovate (or sublinear) pubes-
cent leaves. Racemes terminal, or lateral, erect. Alee broader than the

capsule, (Sp. 22-30). 5

PaRe?. pubiflora (Burch. ! Cat. No. 6205) ; suffruticose, rigid, villous ;
leaves petiolate, spreading, ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate (the lower ones
ovate), mucronate, laxly villous and ciliate, flat, thickish ; racemes ter-
minal, few-flowered ; pedicels hispid, much shorter than the flower ;
bracts ovate ; ale ovate, mucronulate, hairy, as well as the elliptic-ovate
antervor sepals ; keel amply crested, lat. petals oblong-obovate, upturned,
= Peace sides ; capsule elliptic-oblong, sub-emarginate. DC. Prod.

Has. 8. Africa, M |
Se - aston ! Burchell } Kaffer's Kraal, Herb. Hooker! (Herb. Banks
More or less hairy in all parts, especially on the sepals and ale, P. pubiflora of
E. & Z. ! No. 156 is only a hairy form of P. bracteolara ; its calyx is quite glabrous.

23. P. gracilipes (Harv.) ; root woody, stems suffruticose, tufted, his-

Polygala.} POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 91

pidulous, filiform, much branched ; leaves alternate, elliptical or oblong,
the uppermost linear, obtuse, tapering into a short petiole, puberulous
or glabrescent, with recurved edges ; racemes lateral and terminal, 3-4
Jiowered, erect ; pedicels as long as or longer than the flower, clavate,
erect ; bracts minute, obtuse, ovate, persistent ; alee broadly ovate, ob-
tuse, submucronulate, corolloid, ant. sepals oval, obtuse ; keel crested,
lat. petals obcordate, deeply cloven ; capsule obcordate. Drege No. 7191,
7192.
Ml ace Los Tafelberg, Tambukiland, 6-7o000ft., Drege / (Herb. Hook., Sond.,
nth.

3-6 ae high, densely tufted, fastigiate. Racemes very lax and few-flowered,
with long pedicels. Alz whitish, with green veins. Resembles S. tria, but
differs in the ale and petals, &c. Drege’s 7192 from Klein Bruintgeshoogte 3—4000ft.
has narrower leaves, and is nearly glabrous, but otherwise very similar. The pedicels
are deflexed in fruit.

24 P. hispida (Burch. in DC. Prod. 1.p. 323) ; whole plant softly vil-
lous ; root woody ; stems numerous, ascending or decumbent, subsim-
ple ; leaves alternate, shortly petiolate, the lower oval or ovate, the |
upper lanceolate or linear, flat, midribbed ; racemes terminal, many-
lowered, elongating ; bracts ovate-acuminate, membranous, reflexed,
persistent ; pedicels shorter than the flower ; ale obovate, very obtuse,
ant. sepals broadly elliptical, 3-veined ; keel small, amply crested, lat.
petals spathulate ; capsule obcordate. HL. & Z. No. 171. P. lanata, £.
Mey. ! and P. erubescens, E. Mey. ! (dwarf). Drege No. 7190.

Var, 8. declinata ; decumbent, less hairy, the lower leaves roundish
or oval, the upper obtusely ovate. P. declinata, H. Mey.

Has. Among shrubs on mountain sides in Uitenhage, Albany and Caffirland,
£. &Z./&c. Vanstaaden’s Berg, Zurreberg and Bothasberge, Drege! var. B. be-
tween the Omsameaba and Omtendo, Drege/ (Herb, T.C.D., Hook., Sond).

Stems 8-12 inches long or more, numerous, spreading from a robust crown, The
whole plant is clothed with long, silky, spreading hairs, which are sometimes very
copious (as in P. Janata, E. Mey.) and sometimes shorter and fewer. Var. 8. has
much broader and more obtuse Tatts than usual, but is connected with a. by aed

intermediate forms. The ant. sepals are twice as broad as pet amen r
flowers are small and greenish, perhaps flesh-colour when fresh. P. scens, E. Mey.!

appears to be merely a starved form of this plant.

25. P. Ohlendorfiana (E. & Z. 170) ; whole villous, root woody ;
stems numerous, filiform, subsimple ; leaves alternate, on short petioles,
ovate, obtuse or subacute, thin, midribbed ; racemes lateral and termi-
nal, elongating; bracts small, ovate-subulate, membranous, persistent ;
pedicels shorter than the flower ; alee clawed, broadly ovate, obtuse, ant.
sepals elliptical, obtuse, concave ; keel very short, amply crested, lat.
petals obcordate, clawed ; capsule obeordate. P. ovalis, H. Mey. ! P. to-
mentosa ? BE. & Z.! (non Thunb.)

Has. Mountains of Caffraria, £. & Z./ Katberg, 4-soooft., Drege. Nov.—Dec.

(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

The stout and woody root throws up a tuft of slender, threadlike stems, simple or _
branched. Leaves 4—} inch long, thin and flexible. Flowers pale, greenish or perhaps
flesh coloured. Racemes few or many-flowered. The wings are longer than the
= Very nearly allied to P. hispida, but with flowers, differently shaped

7 es POLYGALEZ (Harv.) [Polygala.

Group 6. Asprstinz. Small suffrutices, all (except P. Bowkeree) with
very thick, woody roots, and puberulous. Racemes lateral or terminal.
Alc greenish, narrower than the capsule. — ;

26. P. Bowkere (Harv.) ; suffruticose, slender, diffuse, glabrous;
branches angular ; leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate, flattish, erect, acute
at both ends, mucronate ; racemes terminal and lateral, lax, erect ; pedi-
cels as long as the flower ; bracts minute, ovate, subacute, persistent ;
alze ovate-acute, tapering at base, ant. sepals oblong, obtuse or subacute ;
keel with a small, multifid crest, lat. petals oblong, sharply and equally
belobed ; capsule obcordate, broader than the ale.

Has, Grassy hills and vales, Graaf Reynet, Miss Bowker, (Herb. Hooker.)

A very slender, slightly branched, elegant little plant, 6-12 inches high. The
lowest leaves are broader than the rest. Flowers small, 2 lines long; the ale
greenish and veiny, the keel purple. Racemes 2-4 inches long, very lax. Inter-
mediate in character between the Asbestine and Virgate Groups. Sent from the
Cape, several years ago, by Mrs. Barber (formerly Miss Bowker). ;

27. P. illepida (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege.) ; root woody ; stems suf-
fruticose, diffuse or trailing, branched ; the branches striate, minutely
downy or glabrous, angular ; leaves scattered, linear-lanceolate, acute at
both ends, mucronate, midribbed ; racemes lateral, few flowered, patent
or somewhat reflexed ; pedicels clavate, as long as the flower, deflexed ;
bracts very minute, deciduous ; ale herbaceous, narrow-oval, acute or
mucronulate ; ant. sepals ovate, acute ; keel with an ample, multifid
crest, lat. petals broadly spathulate ; capsule obcordate, broader than the
ale. P.refracta, E.§ Z.! No. 178, (not of Burch.)

Has. On M i : y i b.
ite ae

Stems 3-6 inches high, many from the same root. Whole plant often minutely
downy. Flowers greenish, inconspicuous.

28. P. asbestina (Burch. Trav. 1, p. 543); pubescent ; stems woody,
diffuse or trailing, rigid, much and divaricately branched ; leaves flat,
petiolate, midribbed, thickish, thinly downy, lower obovate or roundish,
retuse, upper oblong, tapering to the base, mucronulate ; racemes lateral,
2-3 flowered ; bracts deciduous ; ale herbaceous, narrow, obliquely 0b-
long, acuminate, tapering at base, ant. sepals ovate, mucronulate ; keel
amply crested, lat. petals oblong, obtuse ; capsule deeply notched, wider
than the ale. DC. Prod.1.p.323. E.&Z.! 184.

Var. B. i ; all the leaves linear, tapering to the base, with
oe os ag pering feseiee
slightly revolute margins and a minute recurved mucro. P. rigens,
Burch. ! Cat. 1821. DC. Prod. I. p. 323.

Has. On sandy hills among the Zwarteberge and Winterhoeks Bergen, F. & ZT
pe ay eldsberg, Beaufort, and in the ets Uitenhage, Drege/ Orange River,

(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond., Burch
Stems widely spreading, 6-12 inches long or sae All the prance
cent. The lower leaves are frequently broad and short ; the u may
passing from oblong to linear. The flowers are ; the keel flesh smeegent be?
ala green, and very narrow, almost . Burchell’s P. rigens, .

ing to an authentic specimen, differs Arrests i to
be a starved variety. —— ea agartor «cone ae i seems

Polygala.] POLYGALES (Harv.) 93

29. P. serpentaria (E. & Z.! No. 181) ; root woody ; stems diffuse
or prostrate, puberulous ; leaves subsessile, elliptical or oblong, obtuse,
mucronulate, midribbed, with reflewed margins and a paler under side ;
racemes lateral, 2-8 flowered ; pedicels not longer than the flower ;
bracts ovate, deciduous ; ale sub-herbaceous, elliptical, mucronate, with
white edges, ant. sepals ovate, sharply mucronate, concave ; keel with
a multifid crest, lat. petals broadly cuneate, truncate, on long claws ;
capsule sharply notched, broader than long, with a wide, marginal wing.
P. lengata, E. Mey. ! in Herb. Drege.

Has. Stony places near the Fort of Chumiberg and at Fort Beaufort, Kat River,
E. & Z.! Caffirland, and towards Natal, Drege/ Natal, Gueinzius/ Sanderson /
Herb., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) ee

Stems decumbent, 6-12 inches long or more, subsimple or much branched, slender.
Flowers small, with green ale, and purple or flesh coloured keel and pe : the
petals large (in proportion) and standard-shaped. According to Zcklonand , Con-
firmed by Dr. Pappe, the root is a Caffir remedy for the bite of serpents, whence the
specific name, and the colonial “ Kafir Schlagen Wortel.” It is nearly allied to P.
amatymbica, from which it differs in habit ; in its more obtuse leaves, broader and
more elliptical ale, &.

30. P. amatymbica (E. & Z.! No. 182) ; root woody ; stems half-
herbaceous, tufted, erect, sub-simple, filiform, downy ; leaves lanceolate,
acuminate ; pungently mucronate, the lower ones broader, with reflexed
edges ; racemes lateral, few-flowered, with a wavy rachis ; bracts deci-
duous ; ale herbaceous, ovato-lanceolate, acute, mucronate, ant. sepals
ovate, sharply acuminate ; keel with a multipartite crest, ant. petals
obovate or cuneate, truncate ; capsule oval-oblong, emarginate, wider
than the ale. P. acuminata, E.Mey.! in Herb. Drege.

Has. Mountains near Shiloh, Tambukiland, Z. 4 Z./ Drege/ Aapjies River and
Macallisberg, Burke’ Gekau, Caftraria, Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Densely tufted, 3-6 inches high, with slender, wiry stems. The lower leaves are
somewhat ovate; the midribs prominent. Flowers small, the ale green and
narrow ; keel and petals flesh coloured or purple. Allied to P. asbestina, but dif-
fering in the foliage and habit. ae

Group 7. Parvirtorx. Minute, herbaceous species, with linear,
scattered leaves. Racemes terminal, densely many-flowered, spiciform,
with very minute flowers. Keel with a small, not much divided crest.
(Sp. 31-32). ;

$1. i Mey. ! in Herb. Drege); herbaceous, branched near
the base, Bifoem are few, linear, ie at base, obtuse ; racemes
terminal, spike-like, elongating, many-flowered ; pedicels much shorter
than the minute flowers ; bracts oval, obtuse, persistent ; ale broadly
elliptical, veiny, very obtuse, ant. sepals obovate or obcordate ; keel
crested, twice as long as the spathulate petals ; capsule obcordate.

Has. Between Nat Voet and the Gareep, 1-1500 feet, Drege’ (Herb. Hook.,
Benth.).

A nai annual (?), 2~3 inches high, or perhaps more ; nearly allied to the follow-
ing, but differing in bracts, sepals, petals, &c. The leaves are sometimes oblong
and mucronulate. Flowers nearly sessile, whitish or white. Crest of the keel small,
and but little cut. ;

32. P. capillaris (E. Mey. ! in Herb. Drege) ; herbaceous, erect, sub-

94 POLYGALEZ ( Harv.) [ Polygala.

simple, glabrous, with angular stems ; leaves few and distant, linear-
subulate, acute, or mucronate ; racemes terminal, spike-like, elongating,
many-flowered ; pedicels much shorter than the minute flowers ; bracts
subulate, deciduous ; alee oval, obtuse, 3—nerved, ant. sepals narrow-ob-
long, subacute ; keel subglobose, crested, shorter than the ovate-oblong
petals ; capsule oval-orbicular.

Has. Between the Omsamculo and Omcomas, in boggy spots, under 500 feet.
Drege! Macallisberg, Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

A very slender annual (?), 2-6 or 12 inches high, its virgate branches ending in a
long dense raceme of minute, subsessile, whitish flowers. The keel has a fleshy crest
cut into four or eight lobes.

—

APpPENDIX.—Species unknown to me, or altogether doubtful.

33. P. tomentosa (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 556); “stem shrubby, erect,
villous, branching, 2 feet high, or more ; branches sub-opposite ; leaves
opposite, sessile, ovate, mucronate, entire, with revolute margins, glab-
rous on the upper, tomentose on the lower surface, crowded but spread-
ing, an inch long ; flowers sessile in the axils of the leaves throughout
the whole length of the branches.” —Thunb., 1.c.

A very imperfect specimen, without flowers, exists in Herb. Holm.!

34. P. intermedia (DC. Prod. 1. p. 322) ; “leaves oblong-linear, mu-
cronate, with revolute margins ; ramuli glabrous ; bracts persistent, of
equal length ; pedicels something longer than the flower ; alee sub-cus-
pidate.” DC. lc.

Can this be our Var. 8 of P. peduncularis? or a var. of P. bracteolata?

35. P. Burmanni (DC. Prod. 1. p. 322); “leaves linear, rather obtuse ;
branches velvetty ; racemes supra-axillary ; pedicels shorter than the
flower ; bracts deciduous.” DC. Burch. Cat.6437. Burm. t. 73, f- 4

36. P. pungens (Burch. Cat. No. 1598. trav. p. 304) ; “leaves linear,

subacute, narrow, few ; branchlets divaricating, glaucous, rigid, spinous
at the point ; racemes 2—4-flowered.” DC...

37. P. polyphylla (DC. Prod. 1. p. 324); “leaves oblong, acute at
each end, crowded, scabrous on the back and the edges; branches
downy ; pedicels axillary, one-flowered ; ale suborbicular.” DC.1.c.

_ 38. P. venuloga (Dictr.) ; “branches terete, smooth ; leaves alternate,
oblong, mitcronulate, glabrous ; bracts ovate, equal, persistent ; al
ovate, acute, veiny ; lat. petals bifid, with nearly equal, acute lobes.”
Walp. Repert. 1. p.235, No. 38. ¢

99. P. longifolia (Dictr.); “branches terete, hairy ; leaves alternate,
lanceolate, acute, glabrous ‘ tracts lanceolate, obtuse, subequal, persist-
ent ; ale oblong, apiculate ; lat. petals bifid, inner segments very long
and narrow, outer patent, obtuse.” — Walp. l. ce. No. 39. .

40. P. diffusa (Dietr.) ; seems to be one of the endless forms of P.

"

—

Mundtia.} POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 95

I. MUNDTIA, Kunth.

Sepals 5, the two lateral (ale) much larger than the rest, winglike and
coloured. Petals 3, united at base and attached to the staminal tube ;
the lower one keel shaped, enclosing the stamens, emarginate, with a
multifid crest below its apex (in the Cape species) ; lateral petals small,
oblong. Stamens 8, united into a split tube. Style compressed, thick-
ened upwards, two-lobed, the posterior lobe horizontal, the anterior ver-
tical. Fruit, a fleshy one or two-seeded drupe. DC. Prod. 1. p. 337-

Rigid glabrous shrubs, with scattered leaves, spinous-tipped branches, and axillary,
solitary, pedicellate flowers. Two species are known, one a native of the Cape, the
other of Brazil. The generic name is in honour of Mundt, a meritorious collector of 4), (d (oe
8. African plants. A, f i

1. M. spinosa (DC. Prod. 1. p. 338); divaricately much branched ; Semats Beg- fun,
branches angular, furrowed, glabrous, spine-tipped ; Waves either ellip- Houle L
tical, obovate, cuneate or linear, obtuse or mucronulate, thick, glabrous 30.5... ante :
flowers minutely pedicellate ; alee sub-orbicular ; petals nearly as long 88 Ce h~ humdiw
the amply crested keel, linear or spathulate, obtuse. Polygala spinosa, Baraat mee
Linn. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 556. den
Var. @. latifolia; robust, with short and leafy branches ; leaves oval N
or obcordate. M. tabularis, E. & Z.! 229.
Var. 8. angustifolia ; leaves linear-oblong, linear-cuneiform or sub-
lanceolate ; branches leafy, longish and somewhat virgate. M. spinosa,
E.& Z,1230. M. albiflora, E. & Z.! 231. M. montana, E. § Z.! 232.
M. glawa, HE. & Z.! No. 233. Drege, No, 7224, a, ¢, and 7255.
Var. y. scoparia; nearly leafless, or with a few oval-oblong, obtuse
or subacute leaves ; branches long and virgate, slender and deeply fur-
rowed, M. scoparia, H..d Z.! 235. Drege, 7254, 5, 7256, ¢ Muraltia,
—— i
7 Lise. Dry, stony places throughout the Colony. y- Clanwilliam, K, & Z.! (Herb Of ol Credle
. eg 0.,.); : eae 0 =|
A much anak’: ik furzelike, bush, 2~3 feet high, varying in the shape )*)*/ eee |

‘* and abundance of its leaves, and in the of its flowers, which are either red or"! ~~. Gad

white. The varieties above indicated pass one into the other. The most distinct... |... a
looking is -y., which is more slender than the others and often nearly leafless ; but, _- fe
sometimes leafy. Mf. desertorum, E. & Z.! is Muraltia juniperifolia, DC.) “"<.~ “> a
(non E.& Z.). : Sr ee rd id

IIL MURALTIA. Neck. —

Sepals 5, dry and membranous, subequal, the two lateral somewhat
longer than the rest. Petals 3, united at base and attached to the sta-
minal tube ; the lower one hood-shaped, with a two-lobed crest below
the apex ; lateral petals oblong, free or cohering by their edges. Stamens
8, untted into a split tube. Capsule membranous, compressed, with 4
horns or tubercles at its upper angles ; rarely hornless. DC. Prod. 1.
P- 335

Small but rigid shrubs or undershrubs, peculiar to South Africa, with fascicled, or
rarely scattered, rigid, mostly pungent-mucronate, very entire, narrow, subulate, = =
linear, or rarely lanceolate or ovate small leaves ; and axillary, solitary, subsessile or

96 POLYGALE (Harv.) [Muraltia.

of John von Muralt, a Swiss botanist. The genus naturally divides itself, as pointed

out by Turczaninow, into two subgenera ; the first (EUMURALTIA) distinguished by

subsessile flowers, and with few exceptions by fascicled leaves and long-horned cap-

sules ; the second (PsiLocLapus) by manifestly pedicillate flowers, solitary leaves,
90 emarginate or ey 4-tubercled capsules.

ARTIFICIAL ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

Sub-genus 1. Eumurattia. FL sessile, or nearly so. Sepals subequal.
Leaves mostly fascicled.

A. Ovatifolize: Leaves broad at base, ovate or ovate-acuminate (1-3).

Leaves glabrous... .. ... (2) Clifforticefolia.
Leaves ciliate. Sepals ‘acute, “Capsule horned... (1) serpylloides.
Leaves villous or tomentose. en obtuse. oe

hornless ... ... - « (3) Squarrosa,

B. Subulifoliz. tases Beis a eat ais subulate or linear mu-
cronate (4-21).

* Leaves straight, very erect, (scattered or subfasciculate) (21) filiformis,
** Leaves straight re ta para tent or reflexed.

Leaves mostly solitary . (20) stipulacea.
Leaves fascicled :
+ Leaves subulate, pungent-mucronate : 1
petals oblong, subacute ... (14 ongicuspis. ~
rounded at back : Listers subulate-acuminate ... (13) acij
keeled at back.

ae leavesglabrous... (16) asparagifolia.
snd pace — Hoare tomentose (17) acicularis.
obust, with broadly triangular leaves.
Petals spoon-shaped, as long asthe keel ... (9) Heisteria. ~
Petals linear. ‘Leaves 3-4 times as long as”
(12) conferta.

Pet. linear. Leaves 6-12 times as long. as broad :
Se oval or ovate, mucronate.

ves subequal in each fascicle ... «.. (7) ericefolia,
Lowest leaf in fascicle very long ... ... (8) ononidifolia. _
Sepals lanceolate, acuminate ... ... ... (1 5) satureoides. ~

tt Leaves linear, blunt ; the youngest mucronulate.
Robust, much branched shrubs :
Petals longer than keel, spathulate or naeeas

shaped: i... sr. es (10) macropetala.
Petals shorter than ‘keel, linear, i (11) calycina.
Slender, trailing or decumbent ... ... ... (19) divaricata.

_**© Leaves arched backwards, or strongly hooked ‘at point.
Leaves broadish, channelled, strongly § pubescent... (4) rubeacea.

hooked labrous ... (5) macrocarpa.
Leaves slender, recurved, but arobustshrub ...__ (6) laricifolia.
not hooked ... ... slender and trailing... (18) tenuifolia.

C. Diversifolic. Leaves of ee forms on the same branch ; the lowest
narrow, linear or subulate ; the upper broader, more or less "lanceolate,
midribbed. (22-28),

downy :
Leaves crowded, sium clavate spathulate.
sule with subulate horns .. A Rigg (22) mixta. men

Leaves laxly set, mostly slender, linear + subu-
late. Age athe sine ses tee ves eee (23) Maoroceras.

Muraltia.] POLYGALE® (Harv.) 97

Lower leaves lax, linear ; upperimbricate, lanceolate.
Caps. with filiform horns... ... ... (24) alopecuroides,
** Low growing or diffuse shrubs, hairy and ciliate ; Teaves
full green, squarrose.
Capsule hornless ... .. ses eae vee ts ese (25) anthospormifolia.
Capsule with slender horns :
tufts of leaves — crowded ; leaves squarrose,
straight-pointed .. (26) phylicoides.
ee joe set : upper leaves strongly hooked at
(27) Candollei.
™ Deiat but “robust, divaricately much ‘branched;
leaves glabrescent, dotted ... ... «. (28) Pappeana.

D. Lancifoliz. Leaves aiiitinsity taper much to the base ; in out-
line either lanceolate, ovato-lanceolate, obovate, or clavate (29-41).

* Leaves lanci-subulate, lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate.
Branches hispid ; leaves ciliate with long white hairs :
Leaves lanci-subulate, crowded. Capsule hornless (29) ciliaris.
Leaves lanci-subulate, laxly set. Capsule horned (30) incompta.

Leaves lanceolate, thin and flat, midribbed ... ... (34) pilosa.
Branches downy or glabrescent ; leaves softly hairy or

quite glabrous.
A trailing, slender, villous or tomentose undershrub (31) diffusa.
A slender, glabrous, erect, tufted suffrutex... ... (35) lancifolia.
Robust, diffusely branched ; leaves scattered, linear-

lancevlate rie (36) Dregei.
Robust, divaricate ; leaves ovato-lanceolate or ovate

oblong ehh, Sle (39) thymifolia.

** Leaves linear-clavate, or r obovate, ‘blunt, mincrontlate.
Leaves softly downy or velvety with short laze

cence. (33) pubescens.
Leaves glabrous or r nearly tee ,
Leaves clavate, subterete, punctulate ... ... ... (37) depressa. 3
Leaves broadly linear, flattish, midribbed ... ... (38) dumosa. &
Leaves obovate, flat, thick and fleshy (40) obovata.
Leaves ciliate, midribbed and veiny, beoadiy obovate (41) reticulata.

Sub-genus 2. Pstnocuapus. Flowers manifestly oe 7 very
unequal. Leaves scattered.

E. Acutifoliz, Leaves acute ; either subulate, linear, lanceolate or
ovate (42-46).

A robust, much branched, rigid shrub... ...... (42) juniperifolia.
Suffruticose, diffuse ; neti er keeled ... ... (43) pauciflora.
Suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves flat, ribbed game sharply ppiges
Leaves cordate-acuminate, three-nerved ... (44) trinervia. =“
Leaves linear-acuminate, three-nerved ... ... ... a} Beiliana.
Leaves linear, acute, one-nerved ... ... ... «.. (46) angulosa.

F, Obtusifoliz. Leaves blunt, or (at least) not pungent. (47-51).
Leaves oval or subrotund, convex, petiolate ... ... (47) carnosa,
Leaves .oblongo-lanceolate, flat, ribbed, sessile ... (48) crassifolia,
Leaves linear or linear oblong.

Divaricately much branched, robust and woody... (49) rigida.
Slender, virgate, suffruticose ; leaves channelled... (50) striata. q
Slender, virgate ; leaves subacute, furrowed above (51) leptorhiza.

_. Sub-genus 1. Evmurartia. Flowers sessile, or on minute
: shorter than the subtending bracts. Sepals of nearly equal th

Se :

98 POLYGALE& (Harv.) [(Muraltia.

Capsule almost always horned (except in M. squarrosa, anthospermifolia
and ciliaris). Leaves very generally fascicled. (Sp. 1-41.)

* Group 1. Ovatirotiz. Leaves ovate or ovate-acuminate, not taper-
ing at base. (Sp. 1-3.)

1. M. serpylloides (DC. Prod. 1. p. 335); diffuse, much branched,
the branches hairy ; leaves fascicled, ovate or~ovato-lanceolate, taper-
pointed and mucronate, flat, midribbed, the recurved margin and mid-
rib hispido-ciliate; flowers sessile ; sepals lanceolate, acute or acuminate ;
lat. petals linear, obtuse, rather shorter than the keel ; ovary densely
hairy ; capsule ciliate and hispid, longer than the erect, subulate horns.
M. marifolia, E. & Z. No. 217.

Has. Sandy hills among bushes, in the Cape District. Clasenbosch & Constan-
oF &. Z, / Cape flats, W.H.H. &c. Rondebosch, Drege / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,

na.

A 2 tie small, and rather slender shrub, with thin leaves, somewhat concave
on the lower surface, elegantly ciliate on the ribs and margin. The subtending leaf
of the fascicle is always broadest, and generally typically ovate, but in some spect-
mens becomes somewhat lanceolate. The calyx is long in proportion to the small,
pale-coloured corolla. .

2. M. Cliffortisefolia (Eck.and Zey.188); robust, rigid, much branched,
the branches pubescent ; leaves sub-fasciculate, densely crowded, ovate,
acuminate, rigid and pungently attenuato-mucronate, patent, glabrous,

concave above, ribbed and keeled ; flowers sessile ; sepals elliptic-oblong, ©

obtuse, ciliolate ; lat, petals linear, subacute, straight ; capsule (fide Me eisn.)
“ obliquely ovate, with 4 subulate horns of its own length.” feisn, m
Hook, Lond. Journ. 1. p. 475.

Has. Among shrubs, and in sandy places, near Gaurits River, George, Z. & Z/
Krauss, (Herb. Sond. T.C.D.) .

A very distinct species, among thelargest and most robust, with leaves, as Meisner
well observes, resembling those of an Epacris. They are think and hard, but not
fleshy, nearly } inch long, and 2~3 lines broad, and of a pale colour when dry. Each
has generally 2 or 3 much smaller leaves in its axil. The flowers are small, pale, and
hidden among the leaves.

3. M. squarrosa (DC. Prod. 1. p. 335) ; robust, woody, branches
curved, pubescent or tomentose ; leaves fascicled, dense, ovate-acuml-
nate, rigid, villous or tomentose, ciliated, recurved, concave, heeled, taper-
pointed and pungent-mucronate ; fi. sessile ; sepals } of corolla, elliptic-
oblong, obtuse or subacute ; petals shorter than the keel, linear, tapering
to an acute point ; capsule pubescent, obcordate, hornless, one loculus fre-
quently abortive. Polygala squarrosa, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 558. Muraltra

des, E & Z. No. 201. (non DC.) & M. ruscifolia EB. & Z. 189.
Drege, No. 7220, 7221, :
Var. 8. subulata; leaves broadly subulate, much acuminate. Zeyher,
1951. Drege, 7222.
Has. South Africa, Thunberg, Masson, In Karroo plains and near sea shore, in the

meres i b. T.C.D., Hook.
Sond.) ee . George and Uitenhage. Drege | (Her .

A very rigid, coarse growing F shrub, = b, 2— debt bah thickly covered with pungent
leaves, and mostly very hairy. awaek: conspicuous, bright purple. £. Pee ees
No. 201. exactly agrees with berg’s specimen of M. sguarrosa, in Herb. Holm. ;

eee Ea ENTS EE ee WE LOO OC ee ipl et teh Na

Muraltia.} - POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 99

their No. 189 has the tufts of leaves rather less dense. The essential character lies
in the capsule, which is very unlike that of any other species. VaR. 8., founded on
a specimen from Kakerlak valley, differs inhaving much narrower and more tapering
leaves ; Drege’s 7322 is a much starved state, but both have the peculiar capsule.

** Group 2. SuButirotts. Leaves subulate or linear-mucronate, from
a broad base ; not at all narrowed or very slightly narrower towards the
base. (Sp. 4-21.) .

4. M. rubeacea (E. & Z. En. No. 200); erect, densely branched, hairy;
branches hispid; leaves fascicled, crowded, rigid, linear-wncinate, strongly
hooked, concave above, keeled below, mucronate, scabrous, pubescent, ci-
hated ; fl. sessile, sepals 2 of corolla, elliptic-oblong, acute, mucronate,
ciliolate ; petals oblong, obtuse, capsule... . . t M. metalasiefolia,
EL. & Z. 199. Drege, No. 7215. : ;

Has. Mountains of Hott. Holland, near Palmiet River ; and near Klyn River,
Caledon, £ & Z. Pappe! (Herb. T.C.D., Benth., Sond.)

A very dense little bush, 8-12 inches high, rough and hairy. Flowers of average
size, purple. I cannot distinguish 2. & Z's. M. metalasiefolia by any tangible cha-
racter. Known from the following by its hairiness.

5. M. macrocarpa (Lehm. MSS.); rigid, divaricately much branched ;
branches rough, the younger twigs downy; leaves fascicled, rigid, linear-
uncinate, strongly hooked, pungent mucronate, channelled above, keeled
below, scabrous or serrulate at the edge, glabrous, flowers sessile, sepals
% of corolla, broadly elliptical, mucronulate, ciliolate ; lat.-petals erect,
broadly oblong, obtuse ; capsule glabrous, oval, with 4 divergent broadly
subulate horns of its own length. #. & Z. No. 198. M. hamata, £. Mey.

Has. In the Nieuweveldt, Beaufort, Z. 4 Z. Drege, also (fide Drege) on the
Schneuwberg. (Herb., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

_A very rigid, depressed, squarrose, robust, and nearly glabrous shrub, 6-12 inches
high. Leaves many in a fascicle, very rigid. Flowers of average size. Capsule |
2 lines broad, flat. I have compared the original specimen marked by Lehmann with
E£. Meyer's M. hopaia aid Cat tex ee agree, Thete 6 ee ea :
probably from Thom or Mundt, in Herb. Hooker. ‘This plant is closely allied to M.

" rubeacea, from which its nearly glabrous stems and foliage chiefly distinguish it.

6. M. laricifolia (Z. & Z. No. 209); shrubby, much branched ;
branches downy; leaves fascicled, sub-equal, linear-subulate, pungent,
squarrose or recurved, slightly narrowed to the base, flattish above, keeled,
rough edged ; flowers sub-sessile ; bracts ovate ; sepals lanceolate, acute,
or acuminate ; petals as long as the keel, broadly linear, tapering to an
obtuse point ; capsule .... ? be

Has. Grassy Fields, near Boschesman’s River, and Oliphant’s Hoek, Uitenhage,
EB, & Z. (Herb. T.C.D. Sond., Benth.)

*

A rigid scraggy shrub, with patos | slender branches. Leaves 4 inch long, very
Hiiibwh, tnd not very dense, 4~6 in each tuft. Sepals § of corolla. Flowers often

crowded near the ends of the branches.

7. M. ericefolia (DC.? Prod. 1. p. 336); robust, shrubby, much
branched ; branches pubescent ; leaves fascicled, crowded, sub-equal,
patent, subulate, pungent, straight (or somewhat curved), concave above, ©
keeled, glabrous, rough-edged; fl. sessile ; sepals broadly elliptical, concave,
mucronulate, ciliolate, ribbed ; petals broadly linear, obtuse or oe :

eae Q..,
Jie * del ‘

100 POLYGALEZ (Harv.) [Muraltia.

capsule ovate, longer than the divergent, subulate horns. M, juniperi-
folia, E. & Z. No. 196 (non DC.) Zeyher, 1950. Drege, 7218, 7223.

Var. 6. eurvifolia; leaves recurved, but not hooked. M. Sprengel-
wides, E. § Z. No. 197.

Has. Mountains of Uitenhage, (Krakakamma and Van Staaden’s Berg), and the
Langekloof, £. & Z. Zwarteberg, Drege. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A rigid furze-like bush, closely allied to the following, from which it differs more
in aspect than by precise character. M. juniperifolia DC. is a very different plant,
and belongs to the section ‘ Psilocladus.” Whether this be the true ‘ M. ericefolia,
I cannot say; but it agrees fairly with De Candolle’s and Thunberg’s descriptions,
and is of common occurrence, and therefore likely to have been described by early
writers.

8. M. ononidifolia (E. & Z.! No. 195); robust, divaricately much
branched, branches pubescent ; leaves fascicled, crowded, very unequal,

horizontally patent, the primary leaf of each tuft 2-4 times as long as the
rest, subulate, triquetrous, flattish above, keeled, rough and ciliolate at

the edge, pungent ; fl. sessile ; sepals ovate or ovato-lanceolate, mucro-

nate ; petals broadly linear, obtuse ; capsule ovate, longer than the
sharply subulate horns. M. heterophylla, E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege.

Has. District of Caledon, E. & Z./ George, Drege! Grahamstown, 7. W. (Herb. —
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) 2 Se nr eae

very rigid, furzelike bush, with spine-ti eaves bristling in directions ;

the lowest leaf of each tuft 1 inch long. he sons leaves are ciliate with rigid
bristles ; the older rough-edged. Meisner (Lond. Journ. 1. p. 474)refers “MM. hetero-

phylla,” E. Mey.! to M. linophylla. E. & Z.; but the specimens we have seen belong —
to the present species. Probably Drege distributed two plants under one name.

9. M. Heisteria (DC. Prod. 1. p. 335) ; robust ; branches pubescent ;
leaves fascicled, linear-subulate, keeled, patent or reflexed, pungent, rough-
edged and sub-ciliate ; fl. subsessile ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; pevats
spoon-shaped, nearly as long as the keel ; capsule shorter than its subu
late horns. Pol. Heisteria, Linn. Thunb. Cap. p. 557. Bot. Mag. t. 349-
M. conferta, E. M.! in Pl. Drege. Drege, No. 7216, 7219.

Has. Common throughout the Colony, in dry rocky places; by road sides, &c-
(Herb. T.C.D., &c.). ae : = of :

A very rigid shrub, 1-3 feet high or more, densely branched ; the branches spread-
ing, virgate, with reddish bark. Leaves 3-4 lines long, thick, nearly triquetrous ;
sometimes downy. Flowers vivid purple, conspicuous, thickly studded along the twigs.

Muraltia.] POLYGALE (Harv.) 101

figure, above quoted, well represents our plant, which is probably the M. stipulacea
of many gardens and herbaria ; but is quite different from the plant so named by

Thunberg.

11. M. calycina (Harv.) ; robust, with woolly branches ; leaves fas-
cicled, linear, very obtuse, thick and fleshy, concave above, keeled below,
thinly hairy and ciliate, the young ones woolly, pointless, the primary
leaf broader than the rest ; fl. subsessile ; calyx nearly as long as the
corolla, coloured ; sepals broadly ovato-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ;
petals shorter than the keel, linear, obtuse, flat ; ovary hispid, horned ;

capsule sees ? Drege, No. 7228!
Has, Between Cape L’Aguillas and Potberg, on limestone hills, 500 feet. Drege/
(Herb. Sond.!).

A rigid, woody, branching shrub, woolly in the younger parts. Leaves, many in
each tuft, the subtending one shorter and broader than the rest ; all fringed with
woolly hairs and more or less pubescent. Calyces remarkably long, and bright
purple or pink, Flowers deep purple. Apparently a well-marked species,

12. M. conferta (DC. ? Prod. 1. p. 335); robust, densely branched ;
branches downy ; leaves tufted, crowded, short, patent or recurved, oblong-
linear or somewhat lanceolate, thick and rigid, mucronate, concave above,
_ keeled below, rough at the edge, glabrous ; fl. sessile ; sepals scarcely
half as long as corolla, elliptic-oblong, acute or sub-acute ; petals rather
shorter than the keel, broadly linear, obtusely deltoid or narrowed at
point ; capsule shorter than the slender horns. WM. conferta, EL. & Z. !
Wo, 211 ; and M. Burmanni. E. & Z.! 191. Pappe ! (49 & 38).

Var. 8. gracilis; branches more slender and virgate ; fascicles of
leaves sub-distant ; leaves bluntly keeled ; flowers bright purple. Jf.
ericeefolia, Pappe, No. 46.

Har. Brede River, Swell., and at Saldanha Bay, #. & Z./ Swellendam, Thom /
Mouth of Berg River and Pot River, Dr. Pappe/ B. on the Cape Flats, Dr. Pappe!

(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

A strong-growing, mueh branched, erect shrub, 1-2 feet high, more or less densely
leafy. Leaves varying in shape from nearly linear to oblong-lanceolate, but never
much narrowed at base, 2-3, rarely 4 lines long, flattish or hollow above. MJ. Bur-
manni, E.§ Z. and Pappe (49) has longer, more patent, and more exactly linear and

ess crowded leaves. Our var. 8. is much more slender than usual, and with more

I
distant leaves, and almost intermediate with M, divaricata in appearance ; but ita
essential characters seem to bring it under our species. I am quite ignorant whether
ours be the plant of D’C., which I only know by his brief description.

13, M. acipetala (Harv.) ; suffruticose, diffuse, with filiform, hairy
branches ; leaves fascicled, short, linear, pungent-mucronate, thick and
hard, channelled above, round backed, glabrous, with downy edges ; fl.
sessile ; sepals oblong, subacute ; petals shorter than the amply-lobed
keel, subulate-attenuate, tapering to a sharp point; capsule glabrous, as
long as the broadly-subulate horns. 5

Han. Roadsides near the path leading up Table Mt., Magillivray/ Simon's Bay, Que.) |
Cc. Wright ! (A Ms Hook., T.C.D.). : pee ee ble ye:

A small, procumbent, many stemmed undershrub, with sub-simple branches and
short leaves. Its chief character is found in the very acute, taper-pointed lateral
-14. MW lon gi icuspis (Turez., animadv, No. 2823); shr

102 POLYGALEZ (Harv.) . [Muraltia.

with virgate, hairy branches ; leaves fascicled, closely set, subulate
(from a broad base), attenwate-mucronate, channelled above, round-backed,
glabrous or downy, ciliolate ; fi. sessile ; sepals oblong or oblongo-lan-
ceolate, acute ; petals nearly as long as the keel, oblong, tapering to a
sub-acute point ; capsules with four s/ender horns of its own length,
M. mixta, E. M.! (pro parte) in Pl. Drege ! also, Drege, No. 7238! WM.
afinis, Harv. in Herb, T.C.D.

Has. Table Mt. near the summit, Pappe/ Dutoitskloof, 2—3000 ft. Drege/ (Herb.

T.C.D., Hook., Benth.). ;
A small shrubby or suffruticose plant, with many virgate, simple or branching

stems, widely spreading or sub-erect, 1-14 feet long. Leaves } inch long, exactly.

subulate, with a very long sharp mucro. Flowers small.

15. M. satureoides (Burch. Cat. 5617) ; shrubby, divaricately much
branched ; twigs downy ; leaves fascicled, densely set, short, thick and
rigid, linear-subulate, mucronate, very patent, flattish above, keeled be-
low, rough at the margin, glabrous ; fi, (small) sessile ; sepals oblong-
lanceolate, acuminate and mucronate, wnequal, the ale nearly as long as
the petals, which are much shorter than the keel, broadly linear and
blunt ; capsule with four subulate horns of its own length. DC. Prod.
1. p. 3360. HE. &Z.! No.218. M. ericefolia, E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege.

9 Mountains round Capetown, Ed Z./ Dr. Pappe, Drege, &c. (Herb. T.C.D.,
This has the habit of M. conferta, but is much smaller and more slender, with much
narrower and more awl-shaped leaves, smaller and paler flowers, and a very different
calyx and capsule. ;

16. M. asparagifolia (E. & Z.! No. 220) ; divaricately much branched,
rigid, with downy branches ; leaves in dense, starry fascicles, needle-shaped,
straight, taper-pointed, glabrous or roughish, widely-spreading ; fi
(minute) sessile ; sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; petals broadly linear
obtuse, shorter than the amply-lobed keel ; capsule... . . % Drege,
No. 7251!

Has. Near Mr. Brink’s farm, “Laatstegift,” Hott. Holl., Z. & Z./ Drakensteen-
berg, Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

A minute, depressed, but very rigid shrub, 3-8 inches high, with divergent bran-
ches ; readily known by its very slender, star-tufted, needle-leaves, like those of Aspa-
ragus capensis, bristling in all directions. Drege’s specimens are rather stouter and
more scabrous than Ecklon’s, but otherwise similar. The capsule is said to have ‘‘se-
taceous horns, shorter than itself.”

1%. M. acicularis (Hary.); root woody ; stems densely tufted, fil
form, suffruticose, villous ; leaves fascicled, crowded, needle-shaped, pun-
gent, villoso-tomentose, erecto-patent ; fl. sessile ; sepals lanceolate, acu-
minate and pungent, equalling the short, broadly linear- obtuse petals ;
ovary-glabrous, horned ; capsule... ..% Drege, No. 7252.

Root thick and woody, throwin g ultitud of very slender, sub-simple stems,
3-6 inches high, Stems and leavee clothed with curled hairs ; the leaves extremely

18. M. tenuifolia (DC. Prod. 1. p. 336) ; suffruticose, or shrubby,

diffuse or procumbent, with slender, downy branches ; leaves in sub-—

ae

SNe LT 8 gh Ro sesame pone?

as f ie ; ¥
eed This plant has been much misunderstood. I describe from Thunbery’s origi- Be ee

Muraltia.| POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 103

distant fascicles, linear-subulate, very narrow, squarrose or recurved, semi-
terete, mucronate, glabrescent ; fl, (small) sessile or sub-sessile ; sepals
not half the length of corolla, oblong, acute, mucronate ; petals nearly
as long as keel, linear, obtuse or subacute ; capsule shorter than the
slender horns.

Var. a. major; flowers quite sessile ; petals much shorter than the
keel and very obtuse. Jf. micrantha, HE. d Z.! 222. Pappe, 51.

Var. 8, intermedia; flowers on short stalks ; petals nearly equal-
ling the keel, obtuse or subacute. Sparmann! in Herb. Hol.

Var. y. minor; flowers subsessile and smaller; petals nearly as long
as keel, taper-pointed ; whole plant very slender. J. tenuifolia, E. & Z.!
No,219. Drege, No, 7253. Pappe, 50.

Has. Var. a, Mountains near Zonderende R., Sw., F. & Z./ Var. y. same loca-
lity ; and near Gnadendahl, 2.4 Z./ Drege/ Var. B.C.B.8., Sparmann/ (Herb. T.C.D.,
Holm., Sond., Benth.).

Closely resembling M. diffusa in habit and in the size of the flower ; but the leaves
are more decidedly tufted, very much more slender, without obvious midrib, but
concave and bluntly keeled, and their points are often hooked backwards. The sepals
are less acuminate, and the pubescence less copious. The three varieties above noted
chiefly differ in size; var. 8. (which is founded on an old specimen in Herb. Holm.)
is larger and stouter than either a ory; but in character approaches nearest to y, in

aspect to a.

19, M. divaricata (E. & Z.! No. 223) ; suffruticose, slender, procum-
bent, pubescent ; leaves in sub-distant fascicles, patent, linear-filiform,
terete, fleshy, and somewhat narrowed towards the base, mucronate, the
younger ones downy ; fl. (small) sessile ; sepals elliptical, mucronate ;
petals broadly linear, upturned, sub-acute ; capsule shorter than the
slender horns. WM, ericefolia, E. &. Z.! 224. Drege, 7237 !

Var. 8. obtusifolia ; leaves obtuse or mucronulate, linear-clavate.
M, laxa, E. & Z.! 228 (non DC.). pian i jag

Has. A i Waterfall, Tul E.& Z.1 Var. B.on
Mountains ingle Ones pene em TODS Heck, Laas —

A trailing plant, 1-2 feet long, with filiform, sub-simple branches, appressedly
hairy when young, roughish or smoothish afterwards. Leaves thicker, more fleshy
(nearly terete) than in M. tewuifolia, to which this is pets pao Ones: —
very ample. JZ. 6 Mh. scarcely differs, t in I ig distinctl,
ibe Foe and toe leaves, but on the same root mucronate and pointless leaves

20. M. stipulacea yulacea (D.C.? Prod. 1. p. 3 36); suffruticose, slender,
branched from the ay ; branches virgate, downy ; leaves distant, linear-
subulate, patent, rigid, mucronate, flattish above, round-backed, rough-
edged, the lowermost sub-fasciculate, the uppermost solitary ; fl. sessile ;
sepals ovate-elliptical, acute ; petals as long as the keel, linear, sub-
acute ; capsule with subulate horns of its own length. Pol, stipulacea,
Linn, fide Thunb.! in Herb, Holm. Thunb. Cap. p. 558.

Hab. Houtniqua, Thunberg! C.B.S., Thom? (Herb. Hook.! Holm.!)
su

Root thick and woody ; stems numerous, a foot long, » suk
Leaves 3 inch long, very narrow, incurved or recurved, the lower ones with 2-3 small
jectlery Weare: the upper solitary and sub-distant. Flowers le, nearly half as

the leaf in oouat axil they are set. Calyx more than the of co- —

# 10 POLYGALEZ (Harv.) [Vuraltia.

nal specimen in Herb. Holm., with which others, probably from Dr. Thom, in Herb.
Hooker, perfectly agree. The plant does not occur in any recent collection that I
have seen.

21. M. filiformis (Thunb. Fl Cap. p. 558); erect or ascending,
shrubby, slender, many stemmed ; branches wirgate, downy or glabrous;
leaves either solitary or with axillary tufts, very erect, straight and rigid,
subulate, taper-pointed and pungent, channelled above, ribbed or keeled
below, the younger ones fringed with woolly hairs ; fi. sessile ; sepals

} lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate, acute or acuminate ; petals shorter than
the amply lobed keel, broadly linear, obtuse ; capsules with subulate
horns of its own length. #. § Z.! Nos, 215 and 216! M., linophylla
and M. virgata, DC. Prod. p. 336. Pol. micrantha, Andr, Bot. Rep. t.-
424. Drege, No. 7230, 7231.
A Av eae Has. Rocky or sandy situations, among shrubs. Very common on the Cape Flats,
wo! and throughout the Cape district. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).
4 WL When growing in moist, sandy places, this little shrub is erect and rod-like, 1-2
bh feet high, with many simple stems, and then answers to M. virgata, Burch. ; when
found in dry, stony places it is shorter, more diffuse and branching, and often scrubby,
and then seems to be M.linophylla, Burch. DC. points to a distinction in the sepals ;
but I find no fixed limits to this character in the very numerous and varied specimens
I have examined. WM. virgata, E.d& Z.} is quite different, and appears to be a state
of M. alopecuroides, in which the filiform leaves are in excess; almost uniting that —
species with M. macroceras.

*** Group 3. DiversiroLia. Leaves of two forms on the same stem
or branch ; the lower leaves narrow, linear or subulate ; the upper at
least (and especially those subtending the flowers), broader, more or less
lanceolate, and mid-ribbed. (Sp. 22-28). — j

22, M. mixta (Linn.) ; robust, virgate, with downy branches ; leaves
fascicled, and densely imbricated, the lower ones linear, the rest lineart-
clavate or spathulate, attenuate at base, mucronate, flat above, somewhat
keeled below, glabrous ; fl. sessile ; calyx not one-third of corolla ; sepals
elliptical, obtuse, scarcely mucronulate ; petals nearly as long as keel,
broadly linear, obtuse ; capsule glabrous, oblong, with subulate horns of
its own length. £. dé Z.! No.207. DC. Prod. 1. p. 336.? MM. depressa,
L. Mey.! (non Burch. ). mS ae

Has. Cape Flats, near Duicker’s Valley, . § Z./ Rondebosch, Drege/ near Kuyl's

. et a la sarge Rags fo I ch ith sod Hess, Rousely

clothed wi 5 pene asset 80 densely as to hide the branches. The denuded
branches are covered with raised tubercles. The leaves, when dry, are of a pale,
Pe aren. _ Very closely allied to M. alopecuroi M. Kraussiana, Meisn. in

_ Hook., Lond. Journ., vol. 1. p. 473, which I have not :

with virgate, minutely downy branches

| Muraltia.] POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 105

ae Mts. of Swellendam and Uitenhage, E. & Z.! &e. (Herb, T.C.D., Hook.,

Scarcely to be kept distinct from those varieties of M. alopecuroides, in which the
filiform leaves are in excess, and the lanceolate few and scattered. The flowers are
more scattered and the whole plant more slender and more glabrous than ordinary
M. alopecuroides, but of the same pale colour. Burchell’s original specimen is even
less glabrous than those we describe. :

24. M. alopecuroides (DC. Prod. 1. p. 335); erect or diffuse, with
virgate, downy branches ; leaves fascicled, the lower ones linear-subu-
late and semi-terete, or squarrose and linear, with a small pungent
mucro, upper very densely imbricated, lanceolate, acuminate, flat, mid-ribbed,
mucronulate, ciliate, pubescent or glabrous ; fl. sessile, crowded towards
the ends of the branches ; calyx one-third of corolla, sepals oval-oblong,
mucronulate ; petals as long as keel, broadly linear, tapering to an ob-
tuse point ; capsule rather shorter than the slender filiform horns. Pol.

pecuroides, Linn., Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 557. Bot. Mag. t. 1006, M.
squarrosa, E, & Z,! 213; and M. Burchell, 212 ; and M. virgata, E. §
Z.1 210, Drege, No. 7232-7235, 7244, 7247-7250! = |

Var. a. latifolia; linear leaves few and confined to the bases of the )@,. Vere Ww
branches, which are densely imbricated throughout nearly their whole _ Vel
length with broadly lanceolate-acuminate and pungent leaves. Drege, A
7249, 7232, &e.

e bush, Dr. Pappe No. 62%
oe Allied on the one hi
be . the other

.

Dike 1p. aay dine
squarrose, the lower linear-subulate, the upper la:

106 POLYGALE (Harv.) [Muraltia.

obviously ribbed ; fl. sessile; sepals ovato-lanceolate, acute; petals
hatchet-shaped, with an ovate, acute limb ; ovary downy, horned ;
capsule hairy, with long slender horns. Polygala phylicoides, Thunb. !
Cap. p. 558. M. Thunbergii, E. § Z. ! 203 (pro parte). M. ciliaris,
Sieb. No. 16 and No, 38. M. aspalatha, DC. Prod. 1. p. 336. £. & Z.
No. 202.

Has. About Table Mt. and Constantia, FZ. & Z./ W.H.H. Dr. Pappe (63) Si-
mon’s Bay, C. Wright / (Herb. T.C.D., Sond., Holm. !).

6-12 inches high, with subcorymbose, densely leafy and generally very hairy
branches. The habit is similar to that of M. ciliaris, but the foliage, petals and
capsule are abundantly different. It is often mistaken in herbaria for M. ciliaris. A
specimen from Thunberg, in Herb. Holm., establishes the above reference.

27.? M. Candollei (E. & Z. No. 214.) ; suffruticose, slender, hispid ;
branches virgate, hispid ; leaves fascicled, the lower ones linear-uncl-
nate, semiterete, squarrose, mucronate, hairy and ciliate, in subdistant
tufts ; upper densely imbricate, broadly lanceolate, hook-pointed, flat,
midribbed, hairy and ciliate, with long, spreading, white hairs ; fl. ses-
sile among the upper leaves ; sepals 3 of corolla, oval-oblong, mucro-
nulate ; petals equal to keel, linear, obtuse ; capsule ?—M. Candol-
leana, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 1 p. 471 ?

Has. Zwarteberg, near Caledon, Z. & Z. / (Herb. Sond.)

Of this plant I only know the specimen in Herb. Sonder, collected by Ecklon.
Whether it be the same as that described by Meisner, who makes no reference to
Ecklon, I cannot say. To me the plant I have seen looks like a very hairy form of
M. alopecuroides, with remarkably uncinate leaves.

28.7 M. Pappeana Sone ; robust, woody, divaricately much
branched, with villous twigs ; lower leaves linear-spathulate, thick and
fleshy, round backed, flat above, dotted, obtuse and pointless or minutely
mucronate ; upper and floral leaves lanceolate, acutely mucronate, the
younger ones villous ; fl. sessile ; sepals broadly oval, very obtuse, 4
as long as corolla; petals shorter than keel, broadly linear, blunt ;
CAPCUIG <...- a. wit gt

Has. Breede River, Swellen Dr, P. Oct. erb. T.C.D.)

A strong-growing but dwarf an with age of M. ota but differing
in foliage. Having as yet seen but a single imperfect specimen, I propose the spe-
cies with much hesitation, The younger branches are but just starting, and when
fully grown would probably assume a different character.

_. ** Group 4. Laycrronia, Leaves uniformly tapering much to the
_ base ; eo either fusiform, lanceolate, ovato-lanceolate, obovate, or
OEE ARE BOL) oh st ol ao ee, Ba or te

29. M. ciliaris (DC. Prod. 1. p. 336.
penclanhahe Banaaaeeaae ace
and sqtarrest, fascicled “Laas.

keeled,
pointed and pungent ; fl. sessile

Muvaltia. | POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 107

Has. Mountains near Swellendam, Z. & Z./ Pappe! Voormansbosch, Zeyher /
Grahamstown, C. J. F. Bunbury! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A small, multifid, corymbose shrub, very thickly covered with leaves, and very
hairy. Flowers conspicuous, brightly coloured, with an amply crested keel. This
looks like M. phylicoides, but besides the different foliage, may always be distin-
guished by the petals and capsule. E. & Z. confounded these plants in the speci-
mens distributed to different herbaria.

30. M. incompta (E. Mey !)! shrubby, divaricately much branched,
the branches patently hairy ; leaves in sub-distant tufts, lanci-subu-
late, and very narrow, semi-terete, hispid and ciliate with long hairs,
pungent ; fl. sessile (small) ; sepals ovate-oblong, mucronate ; petals
linear-oblong, acute or sub-acute ; capsule hispid, ovate, as long as its
subulate horns. M. ciharis, E. § Z. | 206. (non D.C.) Drege, No. 7245
(pro parte). : oe

Has. Paarlberg & Dutoit’s Kloof, Drege / Mts. near aterfall, Tulbagh, Z. & Z.
Pappe, (66.) (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) st =

A much branched, slender, hairy or downy, small shrub, diffuse or peecentons,
Tufts of leaves separate, at short intervals. Allied to M. tenwifolia & M. divaricata
as well as to the species of the present group. It would be desirable to see more

specimens.

| 81. M. diffusa (Burch. Cat. 916, & 354) ; suffruticose, slender, difiuse,
| or prostrate ; leaves sub-fasciculate or scattered, lanci-subulate or lanceo-
late, flat, ribbed, patent, squarrose, taper-pointed, and sharply mucronate,
downy or villous or tomentose ; fl, (minute) sessile ; sepals danceolate-
ae acuminate, mucronate ; petals linear-oblong, obtuse ; capsule with four
Bi long slender horns. DC. Prod. 1. p. 336. £. &Z. 221. M. micrantha,
Steb/ 241, §& M. squarrosa, Sieb! 17 § 44.
Has. On dry hills round Capetown, Wynberg, and Camps Bay ; common. Wit- \(ycl-luvid

senberg, Zeyher / 68. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond., &c.) i he
A widely spreading, much branched, nearly prostrate species, with subdistant Se / 63
leaves, varying from broadly lanceolate to very narrow, almost subulate ; ing also

varying at
much in the pubescence. It resembles ©. tenuifolia in general habit, but differs in
leaves and floral characters. A specimen from Thunberg (1774) in Herb. Holm.
marked “ Pol. mixta,” belongs to this species. . Boe

32. M. Zeyheri (Turcz. Animadv. No. 2814) 3 * branches pubescent ;
leaves lane acute, mucronate, glabrous, or softly hairy on the lower
side at the rib and margin, solitary or tufted, and then the outer leaves
E smaller ; fl, sub-sessile ; petals half as long as the keel, gibbose at base.”
® Of this plant I can say nothing further. —

” (Herb. Alex.-Pr. T.C.D.)_

*

| Beyher | (Herb. T.C.D., Hook, Sond.)

108 POLYGALEZ (Harv.) [ Muraltia.

downy, and well covered with softly downy leaves. Flowers pale flesh-coloured, ex-
cept the top of keel, which is dark purple. Our specimens seem to agree well with
De Candolle’s short diagnosis.

34. M. pilosa (DC. Prod. 1. p. 337 ?) ; branches hispido-pubescent ; —
leaves fascicled, densely set, lanceolate, attenuate-mucronate, rigid, thin &
flat, midribbed, ciliate on margin and midrib, with long white hairs ; fl. ses-
sile ; sepals } of corolla, narrow-oblong, acute and mucronate, ciliolate ;
petals shorter than keel, broadly linear, obtuse or emarginate ; ovary
villous, horned ; capsule. ...% M. pilosa. EH. Mey. in Herb. Drege!
Pol. pilosa, Poir ?

Has. Caffraria, at the Omsamwabo, 1-2000 ft., Drege. (Herb. Benth.)

Of this I have seen but a single branch, in Herb. Bentham. It is nearly related to
our M. lancifolia, but has the pubescence of M. serpylloides.

35. M. lancifolia (Harv.) ; root woody ; stems numerous, slender, suf-
fruticose; the younger ones minutely pubescent ; leaves fascicled, lanceo-
late, acuminate, pungent, thin and flat, midribbed, rough-edged, gla-
brous ; fl. sub-sessile, sepals linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; petals shorter
than keel, broadly linear, obtuse or emarginate ; ovary glabrous, horned ;
CADMHG.4 5. 1 M. conferta, Hochst. ! Pl. Kraus. 253. M. tenuifolia,
Meisn. in Hook, Lond. Jour. \. p. 474-

Has. Port Natal, on the Tafelberg, Krauss / Sanderson! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.)

Root thick and woody, throwing up many tufted stems of unknown length. The
specimens seen appear to have been burned-over the previous year, and therefore
are probably not characteristic of the ordinary plant. The leaves are of thinner
substance than in most, strongly ribbed on both surfaces and veiny when dry.

36. M. Dregei (Harv.) ; Shrubby, diffusely much branched, with gla-
brous or scaberulous branches ; leaves scattered, patent, linear-lanceo-
late, acute and mucronulate, flat, midribbed, rough-edged ; fi. sessile ;
sepals 4 of corolla, ovate-oblong, mucronate, ribbed, ciliolate ; petals
linear-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, shorter than the keel; ovary gla-
brous, horned ; capsule. ....% M. laxa, EH. Mey. in Herb. Drege
(non DC.)

Has. Between Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay, under sooft. Drege/ (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A procumbent or straggling bush with thickly set, but not fascicled leaves, §-7
inch long and a line wide, tapering to both ends. It is allied to M. thymifolia, but
the leaves are much longer and narrower and the whole plant glabrous.

37. M. depressa (Burch ! Cat. No. 6264.) ; shrubby, depressed, densely
branched, with satay downy or glabrous branches ; leaves tufted,

_ Short, dinear-clavate, tapering to the base, obtuse, mucronulate, fleshy, sub-

terete, punctulate, glabrous or slightly downy ; fl. sessile ; sepals ellip-
tic-oblong or lanceolate, mucronulate ; petals broadly subulate, sub-
acute, scarcely equalling the keel ; ovary glabrous, tubercled ; capsule
-+++.4 DC. Prod. x. p. 336. Zeyher, 1945.

Has. 0.B.S., Burchell! Calcareous spots, between Zwartkops and Koega Rivers,
markably obtuse ; the younger ones minutel
convex at both sides. “Fl. small and pale. Zeyher’s
than Burchell’s, with longer leaves and_blunter sepa

Muraltia.] POLYGALE (Harv.) 109

38. M. dumosa (DC. Prod. 1. 337 ; fide E. Mey !) ; robust, divari-
cately much branched, with downy or glabrescent, often spine-tipped
branches ; leaves fascicled, broadly linear, narrowed towards base, very
obtuse or with a recurved mucron, thick and rigid, flat above, midribbed
below, glabrous, the young ones downy ; fl. sessile ; sepals 3 of co-
rolla, elliptical, obtuse or mucronulate ; petals nearly as long as the keel,
linear, sub-acute ; ovary glabrous ; capsule with subulate horns. Drege
7229. M. rubicunda, Turcz! M. stipulacea, E. & Z. No. 194.

Has. Blauweberg, near Groenekloof ; on the Giftberg, and Witberg, 500oft.
Drege! Lion’s Mt. near Cape Town, £. & Z./ Dr. Pappe (48) (Herb. T.C.D.,
Hook., Sond.)

A rigid, coarse, scrubby bush with the habit of M. thymifolia, to which it is very
nearly allied, and from which it differs in the more densely-tufted, narrower and
more obtuse leaves; and in the smaller and blunter sepals. E. & Z.’s “Pol. 5.
117. 11,” on which P. rubicunda Turcz/ is founded, seems to me identical with
Drege’s plant.

39. M. thymifolia (Thunb !) ; robust, divaricately branched, with
pubescent, often spine-tipped branches ; leaves scattered or sub-fasci-
culate, thick and rigid, ovate-oblong or ovato-lanceolate, or lanceolate,
flat, midribbed, acute, with a short pungent mucro, rough-edged, the
younger ones downy ; fl. sessile ; sepals ovato-lanceolate, acute and
mucronate ; petals as long as the keel, broadly linear, obtuse ; capsule
as long as the broadly subulate horns. 2£.&Z. / No. 193, also M. ser-
pylloides, FE. § Z! 190 (non DC.) M. brevifolia, DC. Prod. 1. p.335.
(non BE. & Z.!) Pol. thymifolia, Thunb. ! Cap. p. 557.

Var. 8. aspera ; leaves strigoso-pubescent, scabrid. JM. aspera, Lehm.!
im E § Z.! E. M. No. 192.

Has. Dry hills round Cape Town, F.4d Z./ Drege! Dr. Pappe! &c., extending
northwards to Saldanha Bay. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A very rigid, spreading shrub, 1-2 feet high. Leaves commonly thinly scattered,
oar ojulia, "Ts xb cosisia to oeeol jeosins resign ses ines
i efolva, unb, 3 a
M. iogtaden ‘DC. The common or normal state has been distributed by E & Z. as
‘* M. serpylloides.” Their M. thymifolia is a more slender variety. M. aspera
Lehm./ according to the original specimen in Herb. Eckl., differs merely in being

rougher and more hairy. ~ ee

40. M. obovata (DC. prod. 1. p. 337.) ; robust, shrubby, rigid, diva-
ricately much branched, glabrous; leaves approximate, solitary or sub-
fascicled, obovate, thick and fleshy, flat, obtuse, with a minute, reflexed
point ; fl. sessile ; sepals ovate, acute ; petals as long as keel, linear, sub-
acute ; capsule as long as the subulate horns. M. brevifolia, E.&Z.! 225.
(non DC.) 3

Has. Sandy places near Saldanha Bay, Z.¢ Z./ Between S. Helena Bay and
Oliphant’s River, Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A small, but mont and Vee) ee glabrous on all parts except
the very young leaves and iy which are eererety Soy, Leaves $
inch long, 1-1} lines wide, very blunt. Flowers resembling of M. thymifolia, —
to which species this is nearly allied.

41. M. reticulata (Harv.) ; shrubby, de vinsed” divastoualy 1aiidl es
(Harv.) y, dep : es

branched, with downy, often spine-tipped branches ; leaves scattered —
or tufted, broadly obovate or elliptical, flat, pubescent and ciliate, mid- a

110. POLYGALE& (Harv.) [ Mwraltia.

ribbed and veiny, with a minute, reflexed point ; fl. (minute) sessile ;
sepals linear-oblong, obtuse ; petals as long as the keel, linear, obtuse ;
capsule broader than long, ciliolate, with short, flat, subulate horns.
M. obovata, HL. § Z. ! 226. (non DC.)

Has. Stony, mountain situations round Hercules’ fountain, Clanwilliam, £.¢ Z. /
(Herb., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A scrubby, seemingly prostrate shrub, with very patent branches, the older ones
hardening at the points into rigid spines. On the principal branches the leaves are
rosulate ; on the shoots scattered. They are } inch long, 1-14 lines wide, of thin
substance and not rigid, conspicuously veiny. Flowers among the smallest in the

genus, hidden under the broad leaves. e capsule is peculiarly broad, and the
horns short.

Sub-genus 2. Pstnocnapus. Flowers manifestly pedicellate, the pe-
dicel always longer than the subtending bracts. Sepals unequal, the
alee longest. Capsule either emarginate, or 4-tubercled at top, not
horned. Leaves scattered. (42—51.)

** Group 5. AcuTiFoLiz. Leaves acute ; subulate, linear, lanceo-
late or ovate. (42-46.)

42. M. juniperifolia (DC. Prod. 1. 336; non E. & Z.) shrubby, ro-
bust, much branched, glabrous ; leaves scattered, short, subulate, trique-
trous, flat above, keeled, patent, straight and rigid, pungent, rough-
edged ; pedicel twice as long as the minute roundish bracts ; sepals
elliptical, obtuse, the alse twice as long as the others ; petals as long as
the keel, broadly linear, obtuse, recurved ; capsule ovate, emarginate,
hornless. M. Sprengeliodes, Burch. ! Cat. 4957. Mundia desertorum,
E. § Z. 1 No. 234. .

Has. South Africa, Masson? in Herb. Banks, Desert places in the Langekloof
and Zwarteberg, E. & Z./ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A very densely branched and rigid shrub, 6-12-15 inches high, nearly glabrous.
Leaves t inch long, very hard and sharp. It is strange that E. & Z., whose spe
cimens are plentifully in fruit, should have mistaken this well-marked species for a
Mundtia. I have compared an authentic specimen of Burch. 4957, with the original
from Masson in Herb, Banks, and can detect no specific difference.

Muraltia. POLYGALEZ (Harv.) 111

with sharply angular, rough branches ; leaves scattered, sessile, cordate-
acuminate, acute, flat, threé-nerved and netted on the under side, glabrous,
rigid, scabrido-denticulate ; pedicels rather shorter than the leaves ; se-
pals oblong, obtuse, alze longest ; petals equalling the amply lobed keel,
broadly linear, obtuse ; capsule pendulous, sharply bifid, Pol. trinervia,
Thunb. ! Fl. Cap. p. 559. Drege, No. 7213 !

Has. South Africa, Th / Masson! Gro $ ,
Parmesan a unberg Groenekloof, Drege! (Herb. Holm.,

A remarkable plant, apparently rare ; not found by Eck. & Zey. The leaves are
half inch long, 3-4 lines wide, in shape somewhat resembling those of Hallia cor-
data, but shorter in proportion to their breadth. The larger ones are sometimes 5-
nerved, Drege’s specimens are smaller and less luxuriant than Thunberg’s, but

otherwise the same.

45. M. Beiliana (Harv.) ; suffruticose, slender, diffuse, with angular,
glabrous branches ; leaves scattered, sessile, linear-acuminate and mu-
cronate, flat, obtuse at base, three-nerved, glabrous, rigid, scabrido-denticu-
late ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; sepals oblong, obtuse, the alee
longest and broadest ; petals longer than the amply lobed keel, broadly
linear, obtuse ; capsule pendulous, oblong, sharply bifid. Pol. Beiliana,
LE. & Z.!179 & P. Muraltioides, E. & Z. ! 183. Drege, 7214. Zeyher,
1749. M. Sprengelioides, Turcz. Anim. No. 2839 (non Burch.)

Has. Near the Zwartkops’ River, Uitenhage ; and the Winterhoek, Tulbagh,
= a. ds Dros / Between R. Zonderende & Assagaiskloof, Zeyher / (Herb. T.C.D.,
OOK., na,

Spreading Gs the soil, ascending or suberect, 1-2 feet long, much branched, the
ya twigs two-edged, the older 3-4 angled, all the angles sharp. Lowest leaves

inch, upper 1-1 inch long, 1-14 lines wide. Nearly related to M. trinervia, but
more slender, with much narrower and differently shaped leaves.

46. M. angulosa (Spreng. fide Turez. Anim. No. 2836) ; suffruticose,
slender, diffuse, with angular and furrowed, rather rough branches ;
leaves scattered, sessile, linear, acute, narrowed at base, flat, one-nerved,
glabrous, rigid ; pedicels shorter than the leaves ; sepals ovate-oblong,
acute, mucronate, the ale longest ; petals equalling the amply lobed
keel, spathulate ; capsule... .. ? M. striata, E. & Z. ! No. 227 (non
DC.) M. linifolia, Harv. ! in Herb. Sond.) ee

Has. Mts. near Piquinierskloof, Clanw., Z.& Z./ (Herb. Sond.)

Very near M. Beiliana, from which it differs oe narrower, strictly linear
leaves and ee I had formerly — — but it seems to
agree sufficiently with Turczanino w’s diagnosi: ve quoted. — came
Peg, Fag go pm ging gg SO ag RR

sane Group 6. Osrusiroti#. Leaves blunt, not pungent. (Sp.
47-51).

47. M. carnosa (E. Mey. ! in Herb. Drege) ; shrubby, glabrous, and
somewhat viscid, with round branches ; leaves petiolate, scattered, thick
and fleshy, oval or subrotund, convex on both surfaces, smooth, muti-
cous ; pedicels very short, cernuous ; sepals very obtuse, elliptic-ovate,

alse broadly oval, twice as long as the rest; petals shorter than the keel, —

linear, obtuse ; capsule. ....% . 2S ee
Pe hed eee

112 POLYGALE (Harv.) [Muraltia.

A rigid shrub, a foot or more in height, more like a Mundiia than one of the pre- -
sent genus. The leaves are distinctly petioled, 2 lines long, 1 line wide, very thick
and blunt: they spring from tubercular cicatrices. The ovary is oblong, without
horns or tubercles ; fruit unknown.

48, M. crassifolia (Harv.) ; shrubby, much branched, diffuse, gla-
brous, with angular branches ; leaves alternate, thick and rigid, oblongo-
lanceolate, mucronulate, flat, midribbed, with rounded edges ; pedicels
shorter than the leaves; sepals elliptic-oblong, obtuse, the ale twice as
long as the rest; petals equalling the keel, linear-spathulate, obtuse;
capsule . . .? Pol. polyphylla, LE. & Z. ! No. 185. (non DC.)

Has. Summit of the Winterhoeks Berg, Tulbagh, Z. & Z./ (Herb. T.C.D.,
Hook., Sond.)

A small but stout shrub, 6-12 inches high, spreading, densely covered with
leathery leaves $ inch long and 1 line wide ; the shape varying from nearly linear to -
lanceolate and elliptic-lanceolate. The whole plant is perfectly glabrous.— Distri-
Se by Z. & Z. as “ Pol. polyphylla, DC.,” but does not agree with De Candolle’s

agnosis,

49. M. rigida (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege) ; robust, woody, divaricately
much branched, with glabrous, pungent branches ; leaves few and small,
seattered, sessile, linear-oblong, flat on both sides, but. thick and fleshy,
obtuse, with a minute point; pedicels shorter than the leaves; sepals
elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, the ale much longer than the rest, petals
longer than the keel, linear, channelled, obtuse; capsule oblong, pen-
dulous, bidentate.

Has. Kamiesberg, and between Pedroskloof and Leliefontein, Drege! (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) d
__A very scraggy, coarse, densely branched and rigid shrub ; the branches spreading
at right angles. Leaves 2-3 lines long. Flowers pale, small.

50. M. striata (DC., ex Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 559); erect, slender, with
rod-like, angular and furrowed branches, glabrous or nearly so; leaves
few and distant, scattered, erect, short, linear, obtuse, sub-mucronulate,
channelled above, round-backed, glabrous; pedicels solitary or in pairs,
cernuous, shorter than the leaves, twice as long as the minute bracts;
sepals broadly elliptical, very obtuse, the al twice as long as the rest ;
petals longer than the keel, linear, obtuse ; capsule pendulous, oblong-
oval, sharply bidentate. M. brevicornu, E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege (an DC.#)
M. viminea, Turcz. Anim. No. 2837. Pol. striata, Thunb. l. ¢. be

_. Has. On the Cape Flats, Dr. Pa . Groenekloof & Dassenberg ; and
a nny WL Langevalley, Drege 7 Siqvotaberg, Zeyher! (71). (Herb. T.C.D.
_ A slender, tall, naked suffrutex, 1-2 fect hi ingly branched. Leaves 4-4
inah Tong: ahd oo tar cog nde pram a patent. Flowers small
and pale, axillary, or clustered in small, sub-umbellate fascicles at the ends of the
Pra n ee rnis agrees very well with Thunberg’s description, ee plant of
the neighbourhood of the Cape, is likely to have been found by early explorers.
De C.’s M. brevicornu is either badly described, or is something different.

51. M. leptorhiza (Turez. Anim. No. 2838) ; erect, slender, with rod-
like, angular and furrowed, glabrous branches ; leaves scattered, distant,
narrow-linear, mucronate, ke at above, with a narrow, medial furrow,
erect, glabrous ; pedicels s s, twice as long as the minute

FRANKENIACEZ (Harv.) 113

bracts; sepals linear-oblong, very obtuse, strongly ribbed, the ale rather
longest ; petals equalling the keel, linear, obtuse ; capsule pendulous,
sharply bifid, the lobes acuminate. Zeyher, No. 1948! MM. sulcata, Hare.
tn Herb. Hook. !

Has. Grootvadersbosch, Swell., Zeyher! Pappe(60). (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Very closely allied to M. striata, but more slender, with narrower and acute
leaves, sharply furrowed down the middle ; narrower sepals, and more deeply bifid,
almost horned capsules.

_

Appenpix.— Doubtful or insufficiently known species.

52. M. brevicornu (DC. Prod. r. p. 337) ; “leaves linear, obtuse, gla-
brous, tubercled at base on the outside, scattered ; branches virgate,
glabrous ; flowers axillary, sessile ; capsule with very short horns.”

53. M. Burmanni(DC. lc.) ; “leaves ovato-linear, appressed, straight.”
Pol. ericoides, Burm. Fl. Cap. Prod. p. 20.

54. M. Poiretii (DC. 1. c.) ; “leaves subulate, glabrous, as well as
the virgate branches ; flowers axillary, sessile, crowded.” P. ericoides,
Poir. Dict. 5. p. 497.

55. M.? laxa (DC. 1. c.); “leaves lanceolate, solitary ; flowers race-
mose.” Pol. laxa, Thunb. Cap. p. 559.

56. M. fasciculata (DC. 1. c.); “leaves very slender, subciliate ;
— fascicled ; fl. sessile, solitary or in pairs.” Pol. fasciculata,
our. lL, ¢.

57. M. parviflora (DC. 1. c.) ; “leaves setaceous, smoothish, minute,
stipulate ?; branches slender; fl. axillary, solitary, sessile.” Pol. parvi--
Jlora, Poir. 1. ¢. 46 Lek eee

58. M. humilis (DC. 1. c.); “leaves lanceolate-linear, erect, scattered ;
stem short, much branched ; fl. axillary, sessile, solitary.” Pod. humilis,
Lod. Cab. Bot. t. 420. oo ee

59. M. micrantha (Dietr.) ; “ branches slender, glabrous ; leaves scat-
tered, linear-subulate, pungent, glabrous; fl. axillary, sessile.” Walp.
Repert.. 1. p. 94a Fe “ee:

Orver XIV. FRANKENIACEA, St. Hil.
(By W. H. Harvey.) a
(Frankeniacex, St. Hil—DC. Prod. 1. p. 349. Endl. Gen. No. excii. ;

Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No, exvii.) ee
Flowers regular. Calyx tubular, 4—5 toothed, ribbed, persistent, hard-

ening after flowering. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, with long claws, twisted- =

imbricate in westivation, deciduous. Stamens generally 6, or 5, hypogy:
nous, alternating with the petals ; filaments subulate —— ors

114 FRANKENIACEE (Harv.) [Frankenia.

versatile. Ovary free, unilocular, with 3-4 parietal placente and nu-
merous ovules ; style single, filiform. Capsule enclosed in the calyx,
many seeded, splitting. Seeds minute, albuminous, withan axile embryo.

Small, heathlike perennials or undershrubs, inhabiting salt-marshes or sea coasts.
Stems much branched, jointed and knotted ; leaves opposite, alternate or whorled,
or densely tufted, very entire, and often linear, with revolute margins. Flowers soli-
tary or cymose, sessile, fugacious, pink or purple.

A small Order, of which less than thirty species are known, but these are scattered
along the shores of the four quarters of the world. They resemble in habit some of
the Caryophyllex, from which their placentation and the structure of their seeds se-
parate them. In foliage they look like small heaths ; whence the English name
‘‘Sea-heath.” Their true affinities are not very clearly ascertained, but they are
generally considered to be related to Violaceze and Turneracee. Their properties
and uses are unimportant. Beatsonia portulacifolia, a sea coast plant of St. Helena,
is said to have been once used in that island as a substitute for Tea.

IL FRANKENIA, Linn.

Calyx tubular, 4~5-fid, ribbed and furrowed, Petals 4-5, hypogy-
nous, with long claws. Stamens 6, rarely 5, hypogynous. Ovary sessile,
one-celled, with 3—5 parietal placenta ; ovules few, style filiform ; stigma
tripartite. DC. Prod. 1. p. 349. Endl. Gen. No. 5053.

Small, perennial, herbaceous or suffruticose plants, with diffuse, rarely erect, wiry
stems ; small, heathlike, opposite or alternate, frequently fascicled leaves ; and sessile
flowers in terminal cymes. Petals purple or pink, very delicate and soon withering ;
calyces hard and dry, remaining as a permanent case to the capsule. There are se-
veral species (though not nearly so many as have been made by botanists), inhabiting
salt marshes and sea-coasts in most parts of the temperate zones, north and south.
In England they are called Sea-Heaths. The botanical name is given in honour of
J. Franken, formerly Professor of Medicine at Upsala, Sweden.

1, F. capitata (Webb & Berth. Fl. Canar 1. p, 131. t. 16) ; stems
woody, prostrate or ascending, much branched, glabrous or hairy ; leaves
linear, glabrous, with strongly revolute margins ; petioles short, ciliated,
petals much longer than the glabrous, puberulous or hispid calyx.

Var. , levis; stems and calyces quite glabrous. F. levis, Linn.DC.
Prod. 1. p. 349. . Bot. t.205. HE. § Z. 241.

Var. 8. hebecaulon ; stems velvetty ; calyces subglabrous. Lowe. Mad.

Pp. 48.

He. ts
T.C.D.,

Bergia.} ELATINACEE (Harv.) 115

2. F. pulverulenta (Linn.) ; stems herbaceous, diffuse or prostrate,
more or less hispid or pubescent ; leaves broadly oval or obovate, flattish,
pale and powdery-puberulous on ‘the lower surface, the margins slightly
reflexed ; petioles ciliated ; calyces glabrous, sepals linear, obtuse. DC.
Prod. 3. p. 349. E.& Z. No. 237. Lam. Jil. t. 262. f. 3. H. Bot. t, 2222,
F, pulverulenta § PF. nodiflora, of Drege’s Coll.

ee bere apse’ by the seaside ; Boy as the Great Karroo, Beaufort ; and
in and, hear the river. Wi 0)
pie ei = ae Orange ps’ river, Uitenhage, C. Zeyher |

Stems weak ‘and straggling, less woody than in F. capitata, from which this is
easily known by its broad, flat leaves, and by the smaller fowers. The underside of
the leaves is generally minutely downy. In Drege’s specimens marked “ nodifiora” —
the surface is smooth, but minutely dotted. The pubescence of the branches varies
greatly in different specimens.

3. F. nodiflora (Lam. Ill. t. 262. f. 4); “leaves ovate, glabrous, the
petiole not ciliated ; stems prostrate, glabrous, as well as the calyces.”
DC. Prod. t. p. 349. Burch. Cat. No. 513.

Has. South Africa. (Unknown to me: possibly a mere variety of PF. i
lenta.)

Orper XV. ELATINACEZ.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

PG Lindl Veg. Kingd. No. 181. Elatinez, Cambess, Endl,
n, No, 219.)

Flowers minute, regular, Sepals 3-4-5, separate, acute, imbricate.
Petals as many as ‘the sepals ota alternate with them. Stamens hypo-
gynous, as many or twice as many as the petals ; filaments subulate,
free ; anthers introrse, 2-celled. Ovary free, 3-4—5-locular, with axile
placentie and numerous ovules ; styles as many as the loculi ; stigmas
capitate. Capsule dry, splitting, the valves falling away from the per-
sistent column. Seeds ss peri, straight or curved, exalbu-
minous,

often herbs or undershrubs, gro Pr in wet a with Ps
Flee so am Ee and interpetiolar es.

axillary, solitary
A small of ‘minute marsh

formerly i pe ac in Caryophyllee, oper — anew of the

fruit, the or I etigmnesand the exalbuminous seeds. They are, perhaps, more nearly

of an "e pepe eg hin with Lythracee h has also been pointed out ; and Seren!

L BERGIA. Linn.

Sepals te. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens to, those op oe
site the lio aici and sometimes deficient. Ovary 5-celled ; reo ee
5, Separate ; ovules numerous. Capsule oy calles, edge many
nine ne Endl, Gen, 5476. re

found in mot places h

116 ELATINACER (Harv.) [Bergia.

warmer parts of the temperate zones. Leaves opposite, simple, entire or toothed,
often with shortened leafy branchlets in the axils, and then densely crowded. Sti-
pules membranous or bristle-pointed. Flowers minute, axillary, sessile or stalked,
solitary or in cymes. This genus, which is scarcely distinguishable from Elatine, is
named in honour of Peter Jonas Bergius, an early explorer of S. African Botany and
author of a Cape Flora, published at Stockholm, 1767.

1. B. glomerata (Linn. f. Suppl. 243) ; stems prostrate, woody, qua-
drangular, distichously much branched ; leaves crowded, obovate, toothed
or nearly entire ; stipules ovate, laciniate ; flowers axillary, solitary,
nearly sessile; sepals oblong, acute, ciliated ; petals spathulate-linear,
obtuse. DC. Prod. 1. p. 390.

Has. In wet places near the Zwartkops River, Uitenhage, Thunberg, E. & Z.!
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook.).

Perennial. Stems many from a thick root, 1-2 feet long, rough, furrowed, densely
set with sub-opposite, spreading, distichous branches. Leaves } inch long, closely
set, with tufts of smaller leaves in their axils, glabrous, Stipules membranous, m-
ciso-pinnatifid. Flowers bracteate ; sepals and petals narrowed to the base. Stamens
to. Styles 5, divergent; capsule 5-angled and 5-celled. :

2. B. decumbens (Planch. in Herb. Hook.) ; stem suffruticose, dif-
fuse, setulose or glabrous, oppositely branched ; leaves remote, lanceolate,
sessile, sharply serrate, acute ; stipules setaceo-suhulate, ciliated ; cymes
axillary, few flowered, much shorter than the leaves ; pedicels longer
than the flowers ; sepals acuminate and mucronate ; petals obovate-ob-
long, sub-obtuse. Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 24.

Has. Macallisberg, Burke/ (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.).

Stems many hoes same oe decumbent or outta terete, the younger
ones 4~angled, sparsely pubescent, 1-2 feet long ; branches 1-2 inches apart. Leaves
1-14 inches long, 1-2 lines broad. Stipules rigid, erect. Cymes imperfect, reduced
to verticilasters, 3-6 or more flowers in each. Sepals concave and sharply keeled,
with scarious edges; petals as long as the sepals, obtuse. Stamens 10, the 5 opp?
site the petals smaller with narrower filaments.

3. B. anagalloides (E. Mey! MS.) ; glabrous, suffruticose at base ;
stems herbaceous, procumbent, oppositely branched ; leaves remote,
oblong or elliptical, tapering at base into a short petiole, denticulate to-
wards the obtuse apex ; stipules (small) linear-subulate, enture ; flowers
solitary, axillary, on filiform pedicels much longer than the leaves ; —
- elliptical, obtuse or mucronulate, albo-marginate ; petals longer than the
sepals, obovate, obtuse, entire. Fenzl.in An. Wien. Mus. 1. p. 344-
Repert.2. p. 786.
Has. Orange River, on sand hills at the right bank, near Verleptram, Drege/

pr l, the nodes

Hypericum] HYPERICINEE (Sond.) : 117

bracteate ; calyx 5-parted, sepals acuminate, with scarious margins ; petals
shorter than the sepals, ovate, acute. Sond. 1. c. Lancretia humifusa, Pl.
in Herb. Hook,

Has. Rhinosterkopf, by the Vaal River and Sand River Hills, Burke and Zeyher?
540. (Herb, Hook., Sond.).

A small annual, with many short, decumbent stems, spreading from the crown.
Stems 1-2 inches long. Leaves } inch long, 2-3 lines wide, the lowermost larger,
the upper gradually dwindling into bracts. Stipules a line long, those of the lower
leaves entire, of the upper serrate or ciliate. Petals pale rose coloured. Sond. J. c.

Orver XVI. HYPERICINEA, Chois.
(By W. SonvEr.)

(Hyperica, Juss. Gen. 254. Hypericinex, Chois. DC, Prod. 1. p. 541.
Endl. Gen. No. 218. Hypericacex, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. 146.).

Flowers regular. Sepals 5, rarely 4, united at base, persistent, strongly
imbricate, two external to the others. Petals alternate with the sepals,
unequal-sided, spirally twisted in estivation, bordered with black dots!
Stamens mostly indefinite, polyadelphous ; filaments united in 3-5
parcels, filiform ; anthers 2-celled. Ovary free, unilocular, or imper-
fectly 3—5-locular, with numerous ovules ; styles 3-5, separate or con-
nate at base. Frwit a dry or fleshy capsule, uni- or pluri-locular ; seeds
exalbuminous.

Trees, shrubs or herbs, with resinous juices ; opposite or whorled, often quadran-
gular branches, and opposite, very entire, pellucidly-dotted, penninerved, simple,
exstipulate leaves. Flowers terminal or axillary, in cymes or panicles, yellow, rarely
red or white, showy, but not fragrant.

Dispersed throughout the tropics and temperate zones of both hemispheres, but
much more abundant in the northern temperate zone. About 300 species are known.
This family may be considered as the representative, in temperate climates, of the
tropical order GuTTIFERZ—whose gummy properties are possessed by its species in
a weak degree. None are of much value, but many are cultivated for ornament.
In the earlier medicine their repute as febrifuges and vulneraries was greater, and
the Hypericum itself was dedicated to S. John. te

Calyx 5-parted, the sepals equal, or the two outer largest, imbricate.
Petals 5, hypogynous, twisted-imbricate in estivation. Stamens nume-
rous, polyadelphous, in 3-5 parcels. Ovary sessile, unilocular, or im-
perfectly 3—-5-locular, with many-ovuled, parietal placenta. Capsule
dry and dehiscent, (or rarely fleshy and indehiscent). Seeds numerous,
very rarely definite or solitary. DC. Prod. 1.p. 543. Endl. Gen. 5464.

Shrubs, under-shrubs, or herbs diffused throughout the temperate and subtropical
zones of both hemispheres, but rosige tee ondane in poo pees ooo sro south-

hemis phere. Leaves 0 er ] or e or am vi :
canes or serrulate, very i pellucid-dotted, exstipulate. Veins sells
cymose or panicled, the petals margined with black dots. These plants were called _
dxnpicov, by Dioscorides.
1. H. aethiopicum (Thunb. Cap. p. 439.) ; glabrous ; stem herbace-
ous, erect, or sor ages base, terete ; leaves ovate, obtuse at base,
sessile, subamplexicaul, pellucid-dotted, with a revolute margin ; pa

118 HYPERICINEH (Sond.) [Hypericwm.

nicle terminal, dichotomous ; sepals lanceolate, very acute, glandularly
toothed ; styles 3, erecto-patent nearly as long as the (half ripe) capsule.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 552. EF. § Z. 415. Zey! 149.

Var. 9. glaucescens; stems dwarfer, erect; leaves glaucescent,
closely set, longer than the internodes, black-dotted.

Has. Grassy hills. Robbeberg, Houtniquas, Thunberg. Uitenhage, Caffraria
and Port Natal, Z. & Z./ Drege, Krauss, Sanderson, var. B. at Aapjes River and
Macallisberg, Zeyher. (Herb. Thunb. T.C.D., Sond., Hook.)

An under-shrub, 6-12 inches high ; the stem and the erect opposite, filiform, vir-
gate branches ferruginous. Leaves 3 inch long, 4 lines wide, often smaller on the
branchlets, with a wide base, perfectly sessile, paler on the lower surface, penni-
nerved. Panicle cymose. Sepals 2 lines long. Petals oblong, yellow, striolate,
twice as long as the calyx. Stamens numerous, rather shorter than the petals ; the
anthers as well as the sepals and petals dotted with black. Specimens collected by
Dr. Gueinzius and Mr, Sanderson at Port Natal have larger and broader leaves than
usual, but do not otherwise differ from the common variety.

2. H. humifusum (Linn.) ; glabrous ; stem prostrate, tiliform, terete
or obsoletely two-edged ; leaves elliptic-oblong, pellucid-dotted, flat ; se-
pals oblong, obtuse ; petals once and half as long asthe calyx. £. Bot.
t.1226. DC. Prod. 1. p. 549.

Has. C no locality indicated, Drege, 7530. (Herb. Sond.

Stems Sas cage Cauling pri pat oes long. thowere pale yellow,
solitary, terminal and in the forks of the branches. A common European plant.
The Cape specimens are taller than usual, but not otherwise different.

3. H. Lalandii (Chois. in DC. Prod. 1. p. §50.); glabrous ; stem
herbaceous, erect or decumbent at base, simple or somewhat branched,
4-angled ; leaves lanceolate, acute or sub-obtuse, with a revolute margin,
pellucid-dotted, appressed to the stem, sub-amplexicaul ; panicle ter-
minal, few-flowered, dichotomous ; sepals linear-lanceolate, very entore.
LE. & Z. 416.

Var. a. lanceolata; leaves lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate ; petals as
long as the calyx. .

Var. 8. latifolia ; leaves ovate, sub-acute ; petals as long as the calyx.

Var. y. macropetala ; leaves lanceolate ; petals twice as long as the
calyx. H. Lalandii, Drege, c.

Has. Slopes of the Zuureberge, and Zwartehoogdens, near Grahamstown, Alb. ;
Vanstaadensberg and Krakakamma, Uit., #. & Z./ Dutoitskloof, Galgebosch, and
‘Bosjeman’s River, Drege! Port Natal, Drege, Gueinzuis, Krauss, &c. Aapjes River,
Zeyher, 150. B. Uitenhage, Zeyher. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

A under-shrub, 6-18 inches high. Stems many from the same root, mostly
tly erect and si eee See pale green, purplish below. Leaves

Tamari«.} TAMARICINE# (Harv.) 119

OrDER XVII. TAMARICINEZA, Desy.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Tamaricine, Desv. DC. Prod. 3. p. 95. Endl. Gen. No, ccexxi. Tama-
ricaceze, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. N. exviii.)

Flowers minute, regular. Calyw 4-5 parted, persistent, imbricate.
Petals 4—5, imbricated, marcescent, Stamens hypogynous, as many or
twice asmany as the petals ; filaments monadelphous ; anthers two-celled,
incumbent. Ovary free, unilocular, with parietal or basal placente, and
numerous ovules ; styles mostly 3, free or confluent. Capsule dry, split-
ting into valves ; seeds numerous, comose, without albumen.

Shrubs or suffruticose plants, inhabiting sea-shores or salt plains. Leaves minute,
scalelike, imbricated, sessile, Flowers racemose or spiked, minute, crowded, white
or
Pe aaall Onin Say natives of the northern temperate zone of the Old
World, especially along the shores of the Mediterranean, and in the salt plains of
Central Asia. A single species only occurs in Southern Africa, These plants are
of doubtful affinity, and were formerly placed, in Calyciflore, near Saxifragacee ;
but appear to be rather a reduced form of the Hypericoid-group, An affinity with
Salicacee has also been asserted. Their officinal uses are unimportant ; the bark is
astringent and bitter. As ubstance resembling manna is obtained, in Arabia Petrea,
from 7’. mannifera. ic .

TAMARIX, Linn.

Sepals 4-5, unequal, imbricated. Petals 4-5, hypogynous, equal. Sta-
mens 4-10, rising from the glandular margin of a fleshy, hypogynous
dise ; filaments separate at base. Styles usually 3. Ovary one-celled,
with parietal placentz ; ovules numerous. Capsule 3-, rarely 2-4-valved,
many seeded ; seeds with a terminal tuft of silky hairs. Endl. Gen. No.
5484. DC. Prod. 3. p. 95. .

Shrubs or small trees, growing in desert places, generally where there is much salt
in the ground ; as, along the sea shores of Middle and Southern Europe, in North
Africa, and in the salt plains of Central Asia. Leaves very minute, often reduced
to mere sheathing scales. Flowers small, pink or white, ye, Te by their abun-
dance, in terminal spicate racemes ; disagreeably scented. ‘The European species
smells like a pigstye. ‘Named from the Yamarici, a people who inhabited the
poe the Tamaris, now Zambria, in Spain, where the Tamarisk abounds.” Hook.

1. T. articulata (Vahl, Symb. 2. p. 48. t. 32); glabrous, glaucous ;
branchlets seemingly articulate ; leaves very minute, sheathing, mucro-
nulate; spikes lateral and terminal, lax, few flowered; flowers 5-cleft, sub-
sessile ; capsule 3-valved. DC. Prod. 1. p. 96. 7. orientalis, Forsk.—Eck.
& Zey.! 2150. T. usneoides, B. Mey. in Pl. Drege. .

Has. Barren places in Namaqualand, Eck. § Zey./ Drege! (Herb. T.C.D.)

eee ete lta wre tasaneind

circular pear jointed.

to
lateral point, The flowering bran are repeatedly divided,

: BE os Ear een reed ele oe Maren

or without a minute

420) 2. CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) [Dianthus.

According to Eck. & Zey. the Hottentots call this plant ‘‘ Daweep,” and the Boers
‘* Abiquasgeelhout.” The species is found also in North Africa, Arabia, and Persia.

Orver XVIII. CARYOPHYLLEA, Juss.

(By W. Sonver.)

(Caryophyllez, Juss. Gen. 299. DC. Prod. 1. p. 388. Endl. Gen,
No. cevii.; and part of Portulacex, Endl. cevi. Caryophyllaces, Lindl.
Veg. Kingd No. clxxxviii., and Hlecebracex, No. clxxxix.)
Flowers regular, sometimes apetalous. Calyx free, persistent, 4-5 cleft
or parted, with imbricated estivation. Petals as many as the calyx
lobes (rarely indefinite) or none, hypogynous or slightly perigynous.
Stamens as many or twice as many as the calyx lobes, rarely fewer or
more numerous, hypogynous or slightly perigynous; filaments slender,
free, or connate at base. Ovary free, sessile or stipitate, unilocular, or
imperfectly or completely 3-5 locular; ovules one or many, on cords
_ rising from the base of the ovary or from axile placentz ; styles or fili-
form stigmas as many as the carpels. Fruit dry, either a one-seeded
wtricle or a mariy-seeded, dehiscent capsule; very rarely baccate. Seeds
reniform or lenticular, with floury albumen. mbryo excentric, curved
round the margin of the seed; the radicle next the hilum.

Herbs, rarely suffrutices, of small size, dichotomously or trichotomously, rarely

2 win but oe. in their stipules, and in general aspect they harmonize so
however, Dr.

. Harvey is alone responsible; and at his suggestion Acrosanthes and

rebiy
_ general habit, All the Sub-Orders are very closely alli
Forealand: ae eee d ; and to Chenope insets tal Aeaealbaetes antacee on the other;

‘De Candollean system, we are compelled to place thei in diffrent sub-division.

Dianthus] CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 121

stipes of the ovary). Ovary unilocular, many-ovuled. Capsule many-
_ Seeded. Leaves opposite, exstipulate.

-G I. Dianthus.— Calyx bracteate at base. Styles 2.

'-/3 IT. Silene.—Calyx naked at base, 5-toothed. Styles 3

‘| TEL Agrostemma.—Calye naked at base, with leafy eee Styles 5.

Sub-order 2. Arstnex. Calyx 5-parted. Petals and Stamens hypogy-
nous or sub-perigynous, without asi gynophore. Ovary unilocular,
many-ovuled, Capsule many-seeded. Leaves opposite, without stipules.

| IV. Stellaria.—Styles 3.
» V. Cerastium.—Styles 4-5.

Sub-order 8. Paronycutacen. Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5. Stamens
sub-perigynous, opposite the calyx lobes, when of the same number.
Ovary unilocular; one or many-ovuled. Leaves opposite, alternate, or
fascicled, always Furnished with membranous stipules.

* Ovary 1-2 ovuled. Fruit indehiscent, one-seeded,

\-2 VI. Corrigiola.—Calyx 5-parted. Petals roundish. Stamens 5. Leaves alternate.
|-; WII. Herniaria.— (Calyx 5-cleft. Petals filiform. St. 5 or fewer. Leaves oppeaitay-

: hairy.
O-! - VIII. Pollichia.—Calyx-tube urceolate, becoming fleshy and juicy in fruit, 5-
toothed. Stamen 1-2. Leaves whorled.

** Ovary many-ovuled. Capsule 3-5 valved, many-seeded.
)-) IX. Polycarpon.—sSepals sharply keeled, and mucronate. Petals entire. Style
trifid.

gee eee Polycarpeea. Sepals membranous, not keeled. Pet. entire. St. 5. Style trifid.
2-3 XI. Lepigonum.—Sepals green, not kecled. Pet. entire. St. 10 or fewer. Styles 3.
!~| XII. Spergula.—sSepals green, not keeled. Pet. entire. St. 5-10. Styles 5.

o-| XIIL Drymaria.—sSepals green. Petals deeply bifid or quadrifid.

Sub-order 4, Montueinesx, Calyx 5-parted or cleft. Petals none, or
(tn Orygia and Glinus,) numerous, linear. Stamens alternating with the
sepals, if of the same number ; sometimes indefinite. Ovary 3—5-celled ;
the cells with one or many ovules. Capsule loculicidal, the valves sep-
tiferous in the middle. Zeaves alternate or spuriously whorled, aggregate
or rosulate; stipules generally present, membranous, —

* Petals linear or spathulate, indefinitely numerous.
0~! XIV. Orygia.— Sepals cuspidate, unequal. Seeds 2-eared at base. Flowers in

stalked cymes.
O-2° KV. Gittins ovals bvate, subacute. Seeds simple at base. Flowers in sessile
usnbeliales fe teeciolee.:

boad * Petals none. Capsule many-seeded.

VI. Mollugo— Stigmas linear. Stipules obsolete.
S=f, XVI Pharsnicar oe = Sparta Sti Stigmas obovate, fleshy. Stipules indefi-
SE ee
Hypertelis.— Flower as in Pharnaceum. Stipules adnate with the sheath-
x wing base of tho pti, tooth-like, not lacerate.
!“L_ XX. Celanthium.— Calyx urceolate or campanulate, semi-quinquefid. Stipules”
___ fimbriato-lacerate.
: *** Petals none. Ovulas one tn eack cell.” Seeds solitary.

‘Sub-order 5. Potropes. Calyx 4-parted ; segments petaloid, j ‘mbriato:
eee. Petals none. Stamens 4, alternate with the alge: lobes, h

: ae ‘XIX. Psammotropha.—Flower of Pharnaceum. Stipules none or lacerate. — ee ee ee

.-.
452°

— bracts sometimes 8, pale-edged ; its teeth 3 lines long, acuminate. Petals flesh-

_ wide. Stems very rarely with one branchlet, 6-12 inches long,

122 CARYOPHYLLE# (Sond.) [ Dianthus.

gynous. Capsule obcordate, compressed, 2-celled, 2-valved ; seeds soli-

tary. Leaves imbricate.

XXI_. Polpoda.—(Character of the Sub-order.)

Sub-order 6. ADENOGRAMMEA. Calyx 5-parted. Petals none. Stamens
5, alternate with the calyx lobes. Ovary unilocular, with a solitary
ovule. Style filiform ; stigma capitate. Utricle indehiscent, one-seeded.
Leaves whorled ; stipules obsolete ; flowers in axillary umbellules.

XXII. Adenogramma.—(Character of the Sub-order.)

Sub-order I. Smmzeneaz. (Gen. I-III.) s

I. DIANTHOS, L.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, with two or more imbricated bracts at base.
Petals 5, with long claws. Stamens ito. Ovary unilocular, with many
ovules ; styles 2, filiform, stigmatose on their inner face. Capsule cy- _
lindrical or oblong, opening by 4 teeth. Zndl. Gen. 5244. DC. Prod.
I. p. 355:

“Herbs or small suffrutices, common in Europe and Central Asia, rare in North
America and South Africa. Leaves opposite, connate, generally grass-like ; flowers
inal, solitary or in paniculate cymes, or densely fascicled. Pinks, and Carna-
tions and “‘ Sweet William ” are well known garden examples of this genus. All
the Cape species are ial. The name Dianthus is derived from d:0s, divine and
avOos a flower ; in allusion to the fragrance of the Carnation.

* Stem simple, one. flowered (Sp. 1-2). : 2

i. D: itosus (Thunb. Prod. p. 81) ; densely tufted ; stems erect,
simple, one-flowered, glabrous ; radical leaves crowded, linear-setaceous,
sub-triangular, keeled, scabrous ; upper cauline scale-like ; bracts 4-6,
lanceolate, 2-3 times shorter than the (14-2 inch long) tube ; petals
toothed or slightly cut, the lamina obovate. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 393-
DC. Prod. 1.p. 363. E. & Z. No. 243, exparte. D. albens, Jacq. Herb.—
DC. tl. c. non Ait. D. angulatus, Z. Mey !

Has. In the Karroo, near Gauritz River, George, and in sandy places, Canna-
Pag

ck, wing up many tufts. . leaves 14-3 » Tigh abt

with linear 2-6-line long, leaves. Calyx much longer than in any other species ;

); stems erect
ii avoregate, lin

€

top, upper gradually shorter ; meee about 6, ovato-lanceolate, about

bs lines long. en ea ee

X}

ti

Dianthus.} CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 123

and at Klipplaat River, Drege/ Gt. Fish River, Burke, Sandfontein and Zeekoe
Valley, Zeyher, 80. Springbokkeel and Kamos, Boschjesman’s land, Zey. No. 26.

e River and in Ceded Territory, Z. & Z. B. at Graham's Town, Zey. 82. and
Dutoit’s Kloof, Drege. (Herb. Thunb., Vind., Hook., Sond., T.C.D.)

Herbaceous, many-stemmed, 6-12 inches high. Stems filiform, simple, rarely
with a single branchlet. Rad. leaves rigid, uncial ; upper cauline, 2-3 lines long.
Bracts acute, glabrous, pale-edged. Lamina of petals about 2 lines long, broadly
obovate, sometimes shortly toothed, sometimes fimbriate. Best known from the
preceding by its much shorter calyx tube.

** Stems paniculately branched. Petals entire or toothed. (Sp. 3-6.)
3. D. incurvus (Thunb. ah ae D. cg Norra curved, suber oki
yt

branched above, glabrous ; linear setaceous, sub-
trigonous, glabrous, upper ete bracts 4, ovate-acute, mucronu-
late, 2-3 times shorter than the (4-3 inch long) tube ; calyx teeth
ovate, acute, ciliolate ; petals entire or sub-denticulate, the lamina
obovate. E.&Z.! 242. D. albens, Ait. Hort. Kew. Ed. 1. vol, 2.
Pp. 99. Willd. Sp. 2. 677. Lindl. Bot. Reg. ITT. 256. in not. D. Bur-
chellu, Ser., DO. Prod. 1. p. 359. D. albens, H. Mey. !

Has. On the hills below the east side of Table Mt., in the Cape Flats, and near
Simon’s Bay. Also at the Zondag and Zwartkops Rivers. (Herb. Thunb. Hook.,
T.C.D., Vind., Lehm., Sond.)

Root. long, branching, many-stemmed. Stems 6-12 inches high. Lower leaves
crowded, 1-2 inches long. 4 line wide. Flowers white or pale rosy, flesh-coloured,
or purple : according to Thunberg cernuous. Bracts short and broad, membrane-

- Lamina of the petals 4 lines long, 2 lines wide.

4. D. holopetalus(Turcz, Animadv. 1. p. 99. excl. syn. D, albens E.&

Z.) ; stems erect, branched, glabrous or minutely downy ; leaves serrulato-
scabrid, sub—s—nerved, flat, the lower ones linear-elongate, the cauline
gradually shorter ; bracts 4-6, lanceolate-acuminate, membrane-edged,
twice shorter than the (half-inch long) tube ; petals oblong, entire. D,
crenatus, E. & Z. | col. postr. =

Has. Skurfdeberg and Rie’ Zey. No. 78! Vv: and at Tul
Crm eee

14-2 feet high, Lower leaves 3-4 inches
aristato-acuminate, wi a wide margin subciliate at base.

5. D. crenatns (Thunb. Prod. p. . 81); ‘ens ek ak branched,
terete, glabrous ; branches co y angular, one-flowered ; lower
—— linear. Tears sereed glabrous or roughish sear.the

og as aT aie as the (inch-long Nisies : calyx teeth lanceolate, cilio-
late ; petals crenato-dentate, the a broadly ovate. Thunb. Cap. Pp
392. DC. lc. D. cespitosus, pn Pee a or, 8 2! a ee
D. prostratus, Hochst.! D. inequalis, E. Mey! Zey. 1958. he
pe ‘Us between Swellendam and Howhoek, Thunb. Zwartkop’ river and
E.&Z.t R., Drege. Port Natal, Krauss. Nov: Deo. (Herb

— ee T.C. Dai: id.)
1-14 feet high. “Lower leaves 2-3 inches long, 14-2 lines wide ;

ee

124 CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) [ Dianthus.

the petals § lines long, 3 lines wide, very shortly toothed. It varies with a sub-
simple stem.

6. D. Kamisbergensis (Sond.) ; stems slender, erect, branched at
top, terete, glabrous ; radical leaves linear-setaceous, with revolute mar-
gins, scabrid, cauline gradually shorter ; bracts 4, broadly ovate, mucro-
nate, membrane-edged, thrice as short as the (half-inch long) tube ;
petals small, obovate, entire or denticulate. DD. micropetalus, H. & Z. !
244., non.

Has. Mountain sides. Kamisberge, Cannaland, in sandy places, Z. § Z./ (Herb.
T.C.D., Sond.)

1~1} feet high, very slender, having at the summit a few longish, one-flowered
branches. Rad. leaves 2-3 inches long, } line wide ; upper cauline 3-2 lines long.
Calyx 4-6 lines long, the teeth 1 line long. Claws of the petals not longer than the
calyx, lamina 1}-2 lines long.

*** Stems branched. Petals deeply digitate or pinnatifid. (Sp. 7-9).

7. D. Zeyheri (Sond.) ; glabrous, glaucous ; stem straight, terete,
branched, branches angular, leaves rigid, 7-9-nerved, scabrid-edged, the
lower cauline oblongo-lanceolate, intermediate lanceolate-acuminate, and
uppermost shorter and narrower; bracts 4-6, ovate, awned, 4 times
shorter than the (14 inch long) tube ; pea broadly obovate, fimbri-
ated. D. albens, Turcz., non Ait.
Has. Macallisberg, Nov. Dec. Burke and Zey., 79. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)
14-2 feet high. Lower leaves 14-2 inches long, 2~3 lines wide, very acute ; in-
termediate equalling the internodes ; upper 1 line wide. Branches one-flowered.
Calyx pale, with acuminate teeth. Claws of the petals longer than the calyx, the
lamina white, 6 lines long and 5-6 lines wide, the fringe 2 lines long. Known from
the following by the straighter habit, glaucous colour, more leathery leaves, larger
petals and longer fringe,

8. D. prostratus (Jacq. Schoenb. 3. t. 271.) ; green, glabrous ; sterile
stems prostrate, the flowering erect, paniculate ; lower leaves lanceolate,
or sublinear, three-nerved, with a smooth margin, scabrid at the point,
upper scalelike ; bracts 4-6, ovato-lanceolate, 3-4 times shorter than
the (14 inch long) tube ; petals obovate, fimbriated. DC. l. c. p. 364.
D. erenatus, Bot. Reg. t. 256. D. prostratus, H. M.! in Hb. Drege, ex
parte. D, inequalis, FE. M. b.

3 poetanbs 0 Moy. Heck Dro); samo te
glabrous ; rad. leaves linear, elongate, ene -edged, wppermost 2
scalelike ; bracts 4-6, lanceolate, cuspidate-acuminate, thrice as short

BE. & Z.! 246. (a var. with broader
247. (with narrower leaves).

Silene. ] CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 125

Clanw., £. & Z./ Namaqualand, v. Schlicht. Skurfdeberg and 24-Rivers, Zey. !
77. Macallisberg, Zey. 81. Onderbokkeveld, Drege. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

Stems 1-2 or more feet high. Rad. leaves 2~4 inches long, 1-2 lines wide, rigid,
3-nerved. Bracts very acute, membrane-edged. Claws of the petals longer than
the calyx, the lamina cleft in capillary ribbons nearly to the middle. —Nearest to D.
holopetalus, Turez. ; but differs in the longer calyx and multifid petals. From D.
scaber it is known by a more branching habit, longer radical leaves, and narrower,
multifid petals.

IJ. SILENE, Linn.

Calyz tubular, 5-toothed, naked at base. Petals 5, with long claws,
the limb entire, bifid or multifid. Stamens 10. Ovary more or less
3—5-locular at base, unilocular above ; styles 3 (very rarely 2-5) fili-
form, stigmatose on their inner face. Capsule membranous, opening
by 6 teeth. Hndl. Gen. 5248. DC. Prod. 1. p. 367.

A vast us, dispersed over the globe. The ies are either annual, peren-
nial, or ah aaiaion, ; leaves uae or whorled, oat or narrow, very frequently
pubescent or viscidly hairy and glandular. Flowers cymose, or panicled ; the mi-
nor divisions of the inflorescence often unilateral. The name is said to be derived
from ciaAov, saliva ; in allusion to the viscidity of many. The English name
** Catchfly” also alludes to this clamminess.

Secr. 1. Elisanthe, Fenzl. Flowers solitary, terminal, or in dicho-
tomous cymes, Capsule unilocular at base. (Sp. 1—7.)

1. S. bellidioides (Sond.) ; pubescent, scabrid ; stem erect, some-
what viscid, branched at top ; radical leaves spathulate, obtuse, apicu-
late, narrowed into a long petiole, cauline obovate or oblong, gradually
smaller ; peduncles few, erect, the lower long ; fruiting calyces oblong,
the thecaphore 3 as long as capsule. SS. bellidifolia, E. § Z./ 261, non
Jacq. nee Thunb. S. bellidifol. var stricta, Fenzl,

short ; thecaphore 2 lines long. Allied to the following. _

2. 8. capensis (Ott. DC. Prod. r. p. 379.) ; viscoso-pubescent ; stem
erect, with spreading branches ; radical leaves oblong-acute ; narrowed
into the petiole ; cauline sessile, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, gradu-
ally smaller ; flowers erect, trichotomously panicled ; calyces elongate,
the fruiting ones clavate ; thecaphore at least half as long as the capsule.
E.&Z.!1 259. Zey. No. 1964 ex parte. 7 Pe

Has. Berg River, Cape; Brackfontein, Clanw. ; Zwartkops Riv. Uit. ; Gra- D idan
hamstown, and in Caffraria, #. § Z./ Knysna, Pappe. Gift and Nieuwe- . ay a
veldsberg 3-4000f. Drege! Slaaykraal, Burke. Port Natal, Miss Owen! Sander, =~“) /
son! July_Oct. (Herb. Vind., Hook., T.C.D., Sond. &c.) ee ees

Stem 2-3 feet high, leafy, cymoso-paniculate. Rad. leaves 4-6 inches long,6-12
lines wide ; the lower cauline 2 inches long, upper an inch or less. Calyx 14 lines.
long, in flower 2-3 lines wide, 10 ribbed, veiny, with linear-subulate teeth. Petals
- large, white, bifid, with obtuse lobes ; the claws longer than the calyx. q Capsule

,, + lines long ; the thecaphore variable in length. It varies with
. ap. ee With tng opreeding hairs, or Soigh ea ede besce

126 CARYOPHYLLEEZ (Sond.) _ [Silene.

3. S. undulata (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 96); viscidly pubescent ; stem erect
or decumbent at base, branching ; leaves lanceolate, wndulate, the ra-
dical spathulate, acute, petiolate ; cymes few flowered or paniculate ;
flowers erect ; fruiting calyces clavato-cylindrical, the thecaphore % of
capsule. SS. noctiflora, Thunb. Cap. p. 394. H. & Z. No. 260. Hb.
Un. It. No 757. 8. Thunbergii, H. Mey! non E.& Z. 8. diurniflora,
Kunz. in Lann. 17. p. 578.

Has. Hills round Table Mountaim $n both sides and at the Paarl, and else-
where in Cape and Stellenbosch, Z. & Z7., W.H.H. &c. Mts. near Liefde (S. bellid.
var. foliosa, Fenzl.) and in Dutoitskloof (S. ornata var. florida, Fenzl.) and S. wundu-
tata ? 2962, Drege. Jul.-Oct. (Herb. Holm., Vind., T.C.D., Sond.)

Stem either sub-simple, and six inches high ; or trichotomously branched and 1-2
feet high, with alternate spreading branches. Cauline leaves sessile, the lower 2-3
inches long, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, acute, upper uncial, acuminate, with
curled margins. Calyx 8-10 lines long, 10 ribbed, venulose, teeth subulate, 14-2
lines long. Petals white or reddish, their claws longer than the calyx, lamina bifid,
the lobes denticulate: corona very short. Capsule ovate ; thecaphore variable.
Known from S. noctiflora, L., which it greatly resembles, by the undulate leaves,
the longer calyx, and chiefly by the thecaphore, which is very short or scarcely any
in S. noctiflora. It difters from the following by its white flowers.

4. S. ornata (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 96); viscoso-pubescent ; stem erect,
branching ; leaves lanceolate, flat, the radical petiolate ; flowers erect,
dichotomously cymose or paniculate ; fruiting calyces elliptic- oblong ;
thecaphore }as longas the capsule. Bot. Mag. t. 382. DC.l.¢. p. 379:
EL. § Z.! 262. &. bellidifolia, Thunb. Cap. p. 394. S. Meyer, Fenzl.

Has. Sandy places on Cape Flats, near Doornhoogde and Riet valley, and near
“¥ = springs, Caledon, Sept. Oct., Thunberg, E. & Z.! Drege, &c. (Herb. Holm.,

.C.D., Sond.)

In size, habit and foliage this is very like the preceding, but the leaves are not
undulate and the flowers are never white. Calyx 8 lines long, 10 ribbed and veiny,
with lanceolate teeth. Petals deep blood-red, semi-bifid, with broad, denticulate
lobes ; the claws not longer than the calyx. Corona small. S. ornata var. stricta,
Fenzl., in Herb. Drege, judging from a very imperfect specimen, certainly does not
belong to this species. —

sig i ie

"4

-

&. 8. 8. gallica (Linn. Sp. 595); viscoso-pubescent, branching ; Jeuven

branched ; ie linear or linear-lanceolate, the lower ones

Silene.] CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 127

calyces pubescent; fruiting calyces oblongo-clavate, thecaphore 4 of
capsule.

Has, Caffraria, Drege. No. 5342 | ate Vind.)

Lower part wanting. Stem (in the solitary specimen seen) 2 feet long, straight,
sub-simple, terete below, angular above. Lower leaves narrowed at base, 2-3
inches long, 4 lines wide, equalling the internodes, upper gradually smaller, nar-
rowed from a broader base, thrice shorter than the internodes. Branches termi-
nated by 3-flowered cymes: the lateral peduncles uncial. Calyx inch long, 10
striate, with subulate teeth. Petals white, the claws longer than the calyx, lamina
bifid, coronate at base. Capsule equalling the calyx tube.

7. 8. Mundtiana (E. & Ze 252); downy ; stem procumbent at base,
weak, dichotomously much branched, leafy ; leaves narrow-spathulate,
acute, ciliate at base, the uppermost smaller, lanceolate ; flowers about
3 0n each ramulus, the lower flower sub-remote, the two terminal
paired, unequally pedunculate ; iramsing calyx clavate ; thecaphore equal-
ling the (immature) capsule.

Has. Among shrubs. Paardekop, near Plettenberg Bay, Mundt. / (Herb. Sond.)

Root perennial, many stemmed. Stems slender, terete, a span long, knee bent ;
branches erect, filiform, covered with a very short, reversed down. ‘Leaves patu-
lous, puberulous, evidently ciliate at base, 6-8 lines long, 1-1} line wide, the upper-
most sub-remote, half the size ; lower mostly dry. Flowers pedunculate ; peduncles
of the terminal flowers unequal, one 4-5 lines, the other scarcely 2 Yines long.
Calyx § lines long, 10 nerved, with ovate, obtuse teeth Petals white (or flesh-
coloured ?) cleft to the middle, coronate. Ripe fruit wanting. Doubtfully referred
to this nota:

Secor. 2. SracHyomorPHa, Ott Pines racemoso-spicate, rarely sub-
solitary. Capsule trilocular at: base. (Sp. 8-13.)

* petals undivided, or sub-emarginate (Sp. 8.) °)

oblong, the lower obovate; flowers alternate, racemose ; calyx ear Jimsze} 1 Beh
tubular, in fruit ovate ; ‘thecaphore much shorter than: the calyx. 42 [ig
Thunb. ‘Cap. p. 393- E. & Z.1258. Hb. Un. It. No.759. S. wcropetale
DC. 1. c. p. 372. 8. lusitamiea, L. oe

8. quinquevulnera (Koch, Syn. FL Germ, Pe pe, 3; tal : :
bight oa on the disc, white at the — -* ead par Bad

SS . ek
—, Gs te cee My elmting. at
ica, Linn. EH, Bot. t. 1178.
sete A troublesome weed in cultivated ground, introduced from Europe. (Herb.
Vind., Holm., T.C.D., Sond.) :
‘Annual, erect or spreading, 6-12 inches high. Leaves acute, ‘4-1 inch long.
Peduncles very short. Flowers white or red ; in 8. dark red. Calyx 4 lines long
ribbed. Petals entire, toothed or emarginate. Capsule subsessile, more Oe:
pedicellate in the lower flowers. This isthe “ Gunpowderweed” of the Oalonise ;
its black seeds resembling gunpowder. =
‘+ petals deeply bifid (Sp. 9—13.)

(Jacq. Coll. Suppl. 3. t. 3. £ 3) ipabenocts

9. S. clas

ulate ; flower: hans orsub-solitary ; bees Soy.

128 CARYOPHYLLE& (Sond.) [Silene

clavate ; thecaphore 2-3 times shorter than the capsule. DO. l. ¢. p. 376.
L,&Z.! 250. 8. linifolia, Willd. En. p. 473. DC... S. cernua, Thunb.
Cap. p. 394. Hb. Un. It. No 760. SS. recta, Bartl. Lin. 7. p. 623.
E. & Z.! 249. 8. Constantia, HE. § Z.! 251.

Var. a. minor; stem slender, generally much branched from the base;
the cauline leaves linear ; flowers sub-solitary or few in a raceme.

Var. £8. major; stem taller, branching; cauline leaves linear-lanceo-
late ; flowers more numerous, racemose, cernuous before opening.

Has. Sandy places and on hills round Capetown ; at Berg River ; on Assagais-
kloof and at Malabarshoogde, and Ebenezer, &c.; Zwartkops River, Uit. 2. 42Z./

! Pappe, §e.; Zey. No. 83, 1960, and 1961. (Herb. Holm., Jacq., Lehm.,

T.C.D., Sond.). S

Annual, filiform, 3-12 inches high, covered with a short pubescence, sub-simple
or branched from the base; branches erecto-patent. Leaves in the dwarfer speci-
mens 6 lines, in the larger 1-2 inches long, 3-1 line wide, scabrid, ciliate at the
margin, chiefly at base. Branches in the lesser specimens 1-2 flowered, in the
larger, 3-6 flowered, racemose, secund. Calyx 5 lines long, downy, 10-nerved,
nerves raised, teeth obtuse. Petals, according to Thunberg, white ; judging by the
dried specimens, rosy ; lamina, short, bifid, coronate. Capsule 4 lines long, with
short, recurved teeth.

10. S. Burchellii (Otth., DC. Prod. 1. p. 374) ; pubescent, roughish ;
stem simple or branched, leafy, denudate above ; the leaves lanceolate or
linear-lanceolate, the lower broader; flowers racemose, the fruiting
calyces very long, clavate ; thecaphore as long as the capsule or longer.

Var. «. angustifolia; leaves lin.-lanceolate or linear. S. cernua,
Bartl. E. & Z.1 256, non Thunb. 8. cernua, Drege, ex parte. —

Var. @. pilosellefolia; stems decumbent at base ; lower leaves
crowded, spathulato-lanceolate, acute or mucronulate, upper linear-lan-
ceolate. SS. piloselleefolia, Cham. & Schl. Linn. 1. p. 41. —

Var. y. latifolia; stem erect, leafy to the middle ; lower leaves —

mu-

much branched, leaty, :

lanceolate ;

Agrostemma.| | CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) : 129 oe

Has. On the ascent of Table Mt., and on the Lion’s Mt., Capetown, Brehm, E. §
ge ee Pappe, W.H.H., ce. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond. ).

Perennial, 1-2 feet high, with spreading branches, below covered with spreading.
hairs, above shortly pubescent. Leaves 4-1 inch long, 4-6 lines wide, pubescent on
both sides, the upper ones remote. Raceme secund, 4-6 flowered ; pedicels 1-3
lines long, the lowest longest. Sis 8 lines long, shortly pubescent on the nerves,
the teeth obtuse, 1 line long. carneous or purple, ac lamina bifid, coronate.
Caps. 4 lines long. Differs Pie the two following in the taller and more slender
stem ; green leaves, not fleshy ; more slender, and not funnel-shaped calyx, and by
the fruit ; from S. obtusifolia, Willd., to which it comes nearest, in the stem naked
and scabrous near the summit, the longer and narrower calyx and longer thecaphore.

12. S. crassifolia (Linn. Sp. 597) ; hairy; stem procumbent, branched,
leafy ; eaves suborbicular or obovate, fleshy, hairy; raceme secund ; bracts
ovate; calyx shaggy, the flowering funnel-shaped ; thecaphore half as
long as the bell-shaped capsule. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 393. #. & Z.! 255.

Has. Sands near the sea-shore. Rietvalley, E. § Z./ W.H.H., Gueinzius. Sea-
shore at Blueberg, Pappe/ Oct. Nov. (Herb. Vind., T.C.D., Sond.).

Yellowish when dry. Root many stemmed. Stems 1-2 feet long, from a decum-
bent base erect, thickened at the nodes. Leaves obtuse, 4-1 inch long, } inch wide
or wider, densely hairy on both sides. Raceme 6-12 flowered ; fl. short-stalked.
Calyx 7 lines long, 1o-nerved, hairy, with long, jointed hairs, the teeth short, obtuse.
Petals purple, the lamina short, bifid. Ripe capsule suburceolate.

13. S. primuleflora (E. & Z.! 254) ; pubescence short, reversed ; stem
ascending, slightly branched, leafy; leaves roundish-spathulate, mucro-
nulate, thick, scabrid ; raceme secund ; bracts ovato-lanceolate; calyx
rigidly pubescent, the flowering funnel-shaped ; theeaphore as long as
the campanulate capsule. S. colorata var. hirta, Fenzl, in Hb, Drege.
P. Thunbergiana, Krauss.

P'S 6. ciliata; leaves glabrate, ciliate at base. SS. col. var. ciliata,
enzl.

Has. Seashore. Mouth of Zwartkops River and Algoa Bay, Sparmann, E. & Z./
Zey. No. 1963. Drege, 3559 a. Sea-shore between Omtendo and Omsamculo, Drege, -
35595. Zitzekamma, Krauss. (Herb. Vind., T.C.D., Lehm., Sond.).
Differs from the preceding by the short, reversed pubescence of the stem ; the
mucronate leaves, and the calyces shortly pubescent (not shaggy) and the longer
carpophore. Stem jointed, fistular. Leaves 1-11 ree beg 6-9 lines wide ; the
coaear Gia tea. iene smaller, Raceme 4-6 fl. ae ios

“TL AGROSTEMMA, L.

Calyx tubular, coriaceous, 5-toothed ; the teeth long and leafy.
Petals 5, clawed, not coronate. Stamens 10. Styles 5. Capsule uni-
locular, opening by 5 teeth.

An annual corn-field plant, with ite leaves and large purple flowers. The
name @ypov orenpa, crown of of the fel, x appropriately given to this ornamental

: 1 A. Githago Lin.) ; silky, erect; lenten lancapietedinngs: m
of thei ve ses corolla. E. Bot, 674 a aes

ay

130 CARYOPHYLLE# (Sond.) [Cerastium.

12%. Githago segetum, Desf. Lychnis Githago, Lam. Encycl. 111.

p. 643, ms
Has, In corn fields ; introduced from Europe.
One to two feet high. Flowers purple, handsome.

Sub-Order II. Arsinez, (Gen. iv.-v.)

IV, STELLARIA, L.

' Calyx 4-5 parted. Petals 4-5, bifid or bipartite. Stamens 8-10, or
rarely fewer. Styles 3, filiform. Capsule unilocular, many-seeded,
opening by 6 teeth, Hndl. Gen. 5240. DC. Prod. 1. p. 396,

Cosmopolitan herbs and weeds of cultivation. Leaves opposite, broad or narrow,
generally glabrous. Cymes dichotomous. Flowers small and white, on long pedun-
cles. Name from stella, a star, from the star-like flowers.

1. S. media (Villars, Delph. IIL. p. 615); stems diffuse, ascending
or erect, with a line of hairs along one side ; leaves with ciliate petioles,
ovate, acute, quite glabrous, the upper ones sessile ; flowers solitary,

and terminal ; pedicels long, pubescent ; petals as long as the

calyx or shorter. JZ. Bot. t. 537. Alsine media, Iin. Schk. t. 85. £.
& Z.! 264.

Has. A weed in cultivated ground, everywhere ; introduced from Europe.—
“ Chickweed.”

Annual, Stems terete, 3-12 inches long. Petals sometimes minute or altogether
deficient. Stamens 3~4, often 5, rarely 10.

V. CERASTIUM, L.

Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, bifid. Stamens 4-10. Stigmas 4—-5-
Capsule unilocular, many-seeded, opening by 8-10 teeth.

Annual or perennial, cosmopolitan weeds and small herbaceous plants, generally
~. = Pag: ; sometimes — Stems dichotomous. Flowers cymoid,
and white.

* Macropetala ; petals Guldaretly longer than the calyx, Root perennial. (Sp. 1-2.)

the Tretia Dbrevint, pm
crowded, —— and

Cerastium. | CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 131

cauline narrower, without axillary fascicles ; cyme repeatedly forked ;
bracts leafy, oblong-linear ; fruiting pedicels twice as long as the calyx;
sepals ovato-lanceolate ; petals obcordate, one-half longer than the calyx,
Fenda, l.c. p. 340. buck

Var. 6. glutinosum ; stems weaker, shortly glanduloso-pilose from
the base. C. arvense, HL. & Z.! 268, non Linn,

Has. On the Wittberg, 7-8000 f., Drege/ 8. High Mts. at Klipplaats River,
Tambukiland, and at Kat River, 2. d 2.’ Oct.-Jan. (Herb. Vind., Sond.).

Perennial, with the primd facie habit of Arabis hirsuta, straight, leafy, a span high.
Lower leaves 1 inch long, 3 lines wide, upper sub-remote, 3 inch long. Flowers
nearly as in C. Dreget, but the petals longer. Ripe capsule not seen. £8 has shorter
lower leaves, and more slender flowering stems, erect or ascending, 6-9 inches long,
covered with a short pubescence ; perhaps a distinct species, :

** Micropetala ; petals not exceeding the calye. Root annual. (Sp. 3-4.)

3. ©. capense (Sond.); annual, simple or branched, pubescent at base,
towards the apex, glandularly viscid, with short pubescence ; lower © |
leaves obovate or oblong, obtuse, upper smaller, oblong, acute; cyme lax;
bracts herbaceous ; fruiting pedicels cernuous, 14-2.ce as*long as the :
calyx ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, scarious at the margin and the nude
apex ; petals } shorter than the calyx ; st. 10; the scarcely curved eap-
sule twice as long as the sepals ; seeds brown, densely tuberculated.
S. semidecandrum, pentandrum, and vulgatum, E. & Z.! 265, 266, 267.
Zey. 1965, 6.

Has. Sandy places below Table Mt. and at the summit. Also near Caledon
Baths, at the Zwartkops River, and in Adow, #.¢Z./ (Herb. Sond.).

Annual, 3-6 inches high, with the habit of C. vulgatum, L.,(€. triviale, Link.) and
C. glutinosum, Fries. From the first it differs by its annual root, and all the bracts
herbaceous ; from C. glutinosum (pumilum, Curt., Lond., 2. t. 92), which it much
resembles, by the pubescence on the lower stem, with patent, white, not glandular
hairs, the lower leaves larger, all the bracts herbaceous, not the upper ones searious
at margin, the petals smaller and the seeds twice as large, brown, more densely _
covered with more raised tubercles. From C. semidecandrum it differs by its more
robust habit, bracts never semi-scarious, larger calyces, shorter petals, and different —

4. C. viscosum (Linn. Sp. p. 627. excl. syn.); annual, clothed with a
soft, glandular or non-glandular pubescence ; stem erect or ascending,
branched ; leaves subrotund and oval, the lower tapering into a petiole ;
cymes many-flowered, with glomerate branches, all the bracts herbaceous
and the calyces bearded at tip ; fruiting pedicels as long as the calyx or
shorter. £. dé Z./ 269. ©. vulgatum, L. Herb., non Sp. pl. £. Bot. t. 789. —
E. & Z. 267 ex parte, C. glomeratum, Thuill. Fl. Dan. t. 1921. C.
ovale, Pers. Syn. i. p. 521. —

Cape Flats and round Table Mt., in sandy places, F. ¢ 2.’ Groen
esc. Pe, Drak? Cink ek, TOD). eee

6-12 inches high, yellowish-green, the branches mostly ascending. _ Leaves larger
than in the preceding. Panicle cymoid, crowded, at length more effuse and open.
Fruit stalks erect or inclined. Petals as long as the calyx ; capsule twice

re

yy

132 CARYOPHYLLE (Sond.) [Herniaria.

Sub-Order II]. Paronycuiacrea. (Gen. vi—xiii.)
VI. CORRIGIOLA, L.

Calyx 5-partite, the segments very blunt, albo-marginate. Petals 5,
perigynous, as long as the calyx, roundish, entire. Stamens 5, on an
obsolete perigynous ring, alternate with the petals. Ovary unilocular,
with a solitary pendulous ovule. Style tripartite. Mut 3-angled, covered
by the persistent calyx. Hndl. Gen. 5197. DC. Prod. 3. p. 366.

Prostrate, glaucous, littoral herbs. Leaves alternate, with small membranous
stipules. Flowers minute, crowded, greenish, Name, a diminution of corrigia, a
strap or thong.

1, C. litoralis (L. Sp. 388) ; corymbs leafy; flowers pedicellate ; cau-
line leaves linear-cuneate ; root annual. Schkuhr,t.85. E. Bot. t. 668,
C. capensis, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 272. C. telephifolia, Zey.! 2502, ex parte,

Has. Wet, sandy places, and in cultivated ground, throughout the Colony. (Herb.
T.C.D., Sond.).
Stems filiform, weak, branching, glabrous, 6-12 inches long. Cauline leaves 4
oe ~~ ; radical spathulate, larger. Stipules silvery. Flowers 4 line long.
W. .

2. C. telephifolia (Pour. Act. toul. 3. p. 316) ; corymbs leafless ; flowers
pedicellate; cauline leaves obovate or oblong, narrowed at base ; root
perennial. DC. Prod. 3. p. 367. E. & Z. 1835.

Has. Roadsides, near the Jetty, Capetown, # & Z., and at the River Zonderende,
Zey. 2502, ex parte, Sept.-Oct. (Herb. Sond.),

Closely resembling the preceding, but differing, besides the above characters, by
the flowers and fruits twice the size and thicker leaves,

VIL. HERNIARIA, Tourn.

Calyx green, persistent (unchanged), deeply 5-cleft ; the tube cup-
shaped, segments ovate. Petals 5, filiform. Stamens 5, or fewer, on a
fleshy, perigynous disc. Ovary hidden in the calyx-tube, free, uni-
locular, with a single erect ovule ; style short, bipartite. Utricle inde-
hiscent, covered by the calyx. Hndl. Gen. 5198. DOC.1.c. p. 367.

Minute, prostrate or diffuse, herbaceous plants, of the old world, villous, pubescent,
or rarely glabrous, densely branched. Leaves small, oval or oblong, opposite or al-
ternate with membranous stipules. Flowers very small, green, densely clustered.

‘Named from this plant having been formerly used in the cure of Hernia.

“sgh: HE hizsuta (Linn. Sp. p. 317); herbaceous, prostrate, much

hairy ; leaves oval-oblong, or ovate ; clusters sessile, few
E. Bot. t. 1379. H.lenticulata, Thunb. Cap. 245, non Lin.
nsely hairy variety). H. capensis, Bartl. Lin. 7. p.624. E.§ Z.!
1805 and 1806. H. virescens, Salzm. in DO. Prod. 3. p. 367 (the green,

Has. Sandy pla es and roadsi dee, from

tows to Graaf Regnet, £2.) Drege.

Sond., Hook., T.C.D,) — Se es hoe les cd — Se
Perennial, many-stemmed ; the stems 2-3 inches to a foot in ; the branches

Polycarpea. | CARYOPHYLLE (Sond.) 133

VIII. POLLICHIA, Soland.

Calyx-tube urceolate, becoming succulent in fruit; limb 5-toothed ;
the throat closed by 5 scale-like glands, alternating with the teeth,
Petals 5, or none, very small, outside the glands. Stamens one or two,
inserted at the throat of the calyx. Ovary unilocular, with two basal
ovules. Style filiform, elongate, bifid. Utricle one-seeded, concealed in
the succulent calyx-tube. ndl. Gen, 5208. DC. Prod. 3. p. 377.

Only one species known : a suffruticose, diffusely branched plant, with pseudo-
verticillate, linear-lanceolate leaves and membranous stipules, crowded at the nodes.
Flowers very minute, glomerate. Name in honour of J. A. Pollich, M.D., author
of a history of plants of the Palatinate.

1, P. campestris (Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. p. 5); Sm. Spicil. 1. t. 1. DC.
Prod, 3.p. 377. E.¢Z.! 1807.

Has. Among shrubs, &c., Uitenhage and Albany, frequent, F. & Z./ Ge. Win-
terveld and Nieuweveld, 3-4000f., Drege. Also at Strandfontein and Matjesfontein.
Port Natal, Krauss. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond., &c.).

Suffruticose, 1~2 feet high, with virgate, spreading, ramulose branches, pubescent
or glabrous. Leaves 3-8 lines long, 1 line wide, linear-lanceolate. Stipules small,
whitish-scarious.

IX. POLYCARPON, Loefil.

Calyx 5-parted ; the sepals herbaceous, membrane-edged, compressed,
keeled and mucronate, Petals 5, emarginate or entire. Stamens 3-5,
sub-hypogynous, Ovary unilocular, many-ovuled ; style trifid. Capsule
3-valved, many-seeded. Hndl. Gen. 5212. DC. Prod. 3. p. 376,

Small, glabrous, many-stemmed annuals or perennials, natives of the warmer
-- of the temperate zone. Leaves opposite or whorled. Stipules membranaceous.

owers small, white, in densely much-branched, dichotomous cymes. Name from
modu, much, and xapros, fruit; the English name is ‘ Ali-seed.”

1. P. tetraphyllum (Lin. f. suppl. p. 116); leaves obovate, opposite,
the cauline quaternate ; flowers paniculate ; petals emarginate, duteas
than the calyx. Z. § Z./ No. 1813. Mollugo tetraphylla, Lin. Sp. p. 89.
Barr. Ic. t. 534. £. Bot. t. 1031. ee Q 4

Has. Roadsides and waste places thro’ t the Colony. All the round. Swot \ \)9 oe

A small, decumbent, dichotomous penis ean are = dibs bass. ‘Eipules Spl. 6 |
| X. POLYCARPAA, Linn.

Calyx 5-parted; the sepals semi-scarious or scarious, concave, nerve-
less, not keeled, entire, muticous, Petals 5, sub-hypogynous, entire or
bidentate. Stamens 5, hypogynous. Ovary unilocular, many-ovuled ;
style trifid. Capsule 3-valved, many-seeded. nd. Gen. 5216. DC.
Prod. 3. p. SE ie isc eo eeu cet mained

Small bran common uu su 4
regions peorivacr onli Leaves opposite or peste Wertilliats lintaroroval,
or spathulate. Stipules membranous and silvery, shining, crowded at the nodes. =
Flowers numerous in fasciculate or corymbose cymes. Name, of the same derivation —

LP; corymbosa (Lam, Ill. n. 2798); stem erect, herbaceous,

ro

very. Cymes racemiform, long or short ; peduncles subtended by

134 CARYOPHYLLEE (Sond.) [Lepigonum.

tose, branched ; leaves about 6 in a whorl, linear, awned ; cymes corym-
bose, rather loose; calyces scarious, acuminate. D0. l. c. p. 374,—var.
stricta. Fenzl, in Hb. Drege; stems straightish, branches erect, not
divaricate. ;

Has. At the River Omblas, near Port Natal, Drege, Rev. Mr. Hewetson! (Herb.
Sond., T.C.D.).

1-1} feet high ; the stems and branches terete, clothed with a short, dense, whitish
tomentum, at length glabrescent. Internodes about 1 inch long. Leaves 4, 6, or
8 together, linear, aristate-acuminate, 6-8 lines long, 1-3 line wide, glabrous, or
nearly so. Stipules silvery, ovato-lanceolate, lacerate at the point, and toothed at
the margin, 2-3 lines long. Corymbs dense, an inch broad. Flowers white, scarious,
1} lines long.

XI. LEPIGONUM, Fries.

Calyx 5-parted ; sepals herbaceous (thickish), nerveless or obtusely
keeled, equal, muticous. Petals 5, with short claws, entire, sub-hypo-
gynous. Stamens to (or by abortion 5-3), on a sub-hypogynous ring.
Ovary unilocular, many-ovuled ; style 3—5-parted. Capsule 3—5-valved,
many-seeded. Spergularia, Endl. Gen. 5218. Arenarie sp. Auct, vet.

Cosmopolitan herbs, ing near the sea-shore or on salt ground. Leaves
site nase sil aeajsed, Heche Stipules membranous. ome rosy or white,
in racemiform cymes, or in the forks of the branches, pedicellate : the stalks gene-
rally reflexed after flowering. Name from Aems, a scale, and yovu, a knee or node;
from the scale-like stipules at the nodes.

1. L. rubrum (Fries. Wahl. Fl. Gothob. p. 45); annual or biennial;
leaves linear-filiform, somewhat fleshy, flat on both sides ; stems pros-
trate and ascending, branched ; branches racemose; pedicels reflexed
after flowering ; sepals lanceolate, obtuse, membrane-edged ; seeds 3-cor-
nered-obovate, not winged, minutely tubercled. Kindberg, Syn. Lepig. p. 5.
Koch. Syn. p. 121.

Var. « campestris; glabrous or glandularly puberulent ; leaves
slender-filiform, mostly curved ; stipules lanceolate-acuminate. Are-
naria rubra, «, campestris, L, sp. p. 606. HE. Bot. t. 852. Stipularia
rubra, Haw. Spergularia rubra, Fenzl. Spergula rubra, Bartl. £. &
Z.! No. 1817.

Var. 8. pinguis; glabrous, or glandularly puberulent; stems sub-
erect, often straight ; leaves thickish, filiform, scarcely curved ; stipules
broader; seeds larger. Spergula marina, Bartl. FE. § Z.! No. 1815.
Lep. capense, Schrad. Kindl. . ¢. .
ady and stony places round Table and Lion Mts.; and about Tulbagh.
. 3 inches to a spar por . SS ; . ine Fue bg ehh rovate, sil-
‘calyx. Cap-

2 lines long. Petals rosy, as long as the

Drymaria.} CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 135

membrane-edged ; seeds triangular-obovate, compressed, smooth, wingless
or a few of them somewhat winged, with a thickened margin. Kindb.
lc. p.13+ Koch. Syn. p. 121. A. rubra, 8. marina, L. sp. 668. E. Bot.
t. 958. Spergula media, E. & Z. No. 1816, ex parte. Spergularia media,
a, Kena, Hb, Drege.

Has. Zwartkop’s River, #. ¢ Z./ At the G , :
(Herb. Vind , Sond.) ; a

Very like the last, especially like var. 8. but generally larger and more robust.
Calyx 2 lines long. Petals pale-purple or rosy-white. :

3. L. marginatum (Koch, Syn. p. 121); perennial ; leaves linear-fili-
form, sub-muticous, fleshy, semi-cylindrical ; stems prostrate, ascending,
branched ; branches racemose ; peduncles reflexed after flowering; sepals
lanceolate, obtuse, nerveless, membrane-edged ; seeds swbrotund, plano-
compressed, smooth, with a broadish, marginal wing. Arenaria media,
Lin. sp. 606, excl. syn. Alsine marina, Wahl. Sperg. media, Bartl. E. &
Z. No. 1816. Lepigonum marinum, Kindb. 1. ¢. p. 12.

Var. a glabra; altogether glabrous.

Var. 8. glandulosa; glandularly pubescent. Aven. glandulosa, Jacq.
Hort. Schoenb. 111. t. 355. Spergularia glandulosa, Fenzl. pl. Drege.

Has. Evegywhere in salt, damp ground near the sea-shore, throughout the Colony.

Generally more robust than the preceding, often glandularly downy, at length
glabrescent. Sepals 23-3 lines long. Flowers purple or whitish, Seeds brownish
with a broad, white margin.

XII. SPERGULA, L.

Calyx 5-parted; sepals oval, herbaceous, membrane-edged. Petals 5,
with short claws, ovate, sub-hypogynous. Stamens 5-10, on a sub-
hypogynous ring. Ovary unilocular, many ovuled ; styles 5, distinct,
alternate with the sepals. Capsule 5-valved, many-seeded; the valves
opposite the sepals. Hndl. Gen. 5219. ; See

Small weeds and herbs of the temperate zones. Leaves subulate or filiform, fleshy,
crowded about the swollen nodes. Stipules scarious. Flowers in racemiform cymes;
the pedicels deflexed after flowering. Name from spargo, to scatter; because the

1. S. arvensis (Linn.); leaves linear-subulate, whorled, stipulate at
base ; flowers decandrous ; seeds spheroid, hispid, with a narrow margin,
black. DC. Prod. 1. p.394. Lam. Ill. t. 392. fig.t. E.§ Z.! No. 1814.

Has. A weed in cultivated ground ; introduced from Europe.

XIII. DRYMARIA, Willd. .

Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, deeply 2-4-lobed or partite. Stamens 5,
or fewer, sub-hypogynous. Ovary unilocular, many ovuled. Style fili-

form, trifid. Capsule membranous, 3-valved, many-seeded. Endl. Gen.

5220, DOC. Prod. 1. p. 395-

Herbaceous plants of tropical and sub-tropical regions. Stems slender; leaves

opposite, cordate or sub-rotund, or lanceolate and linear ; stipules setaceous ; flowers
small, white, in terminal, effuse cymes or panicles. Name from dpuyos, a

Yv

136 CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) [Glinus.

1. D. cordata (Willd. Hb., ex Roem. & Sch. 5. p. 406); stem and
leaves glabrous, shortly petioled, ovato-subrotund, acute or mucronate,
rounded at base, or obsoletely cordate; peduncles dichotomous, many-
flowered ; calyx glabrous, longer than the petals ; ovary 7-10 ovuled.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 395. Cham. & Schl. Linn. 1. p.47. Holosteum corda-
tum, L.

Has. Woods near the Hanglip, Aug. 1821., Mundt and Maire. (Herb. r. Berol).

A weak-growing, diffuse plant, a foot or more in length; stems and branches fili-
form, sometimes minutely puberulent. Leaves 6-8 lines long and wide, petiole 2
lines. Stipules small. Peduncles terminal, cymoid ; flowers solitary in the forks,
lateral peduncles elongate, 2-3 flowered or again cymoid. Calyx 2 lines long, with
acuminate segments. A common tropical species. The Cape specimens, pre
in the Berlin Herbarium, quite resemble the American forms, distributed by Sieber.

Sub-Order IV. Motiueinea. (Gen, Xiv.—xx.)

XIV. ORYGIA, Forsk.

Calyx 5-parted, sepals of unequal length. Petals (parastemons) 15-
30, spathulate-linear or oval, shorter than the calyx, at length confluent
into a fleshy cup. Stamens 12-40, in the bottom of the calyx, some
free, some united at base ; filaments subulate-triangular; anthers versa-
tile, oblong. Ovary globose, 5-celled, many-ovuled. Stigmata 5. Cap-
sule dry, roundish, 5-angled, 5-furrowed, 5-celled, loculicidally 5-valved.
Seeds many, on ascending funiculi, reniform, black, concentrically fur-
rowed, eared at the hilum. ndl. Gen. 5184.

A suffruticose, glabrous, glaucous, much-branched, diffuse plant, found also in

Arabia Felix and in the East Indies. Stem and branches angular. Leaves fleshy,
orbicular, obovate or elliptical, very entire or retuse, muticous or mucronulate, alter-

- nate, petiolate. Cymes divaricate, opposite the leaves. Flowers pedicellate, at

DA : aoe

umbilical str phiole, Endl.

length refiexed ; calyces at tips and margins purplish. Name, altered from the
Arabic name of this plant, Hérudjrudj.

1. 0. decumbens (Forsk. descr. p, 103). DC. Prod. 3.p.455. Fenzl.
lc. Portulaca decumbens, Vahl. Symb. 1. p. 33. Talinum decumbens,
Willd. Sp. 2. p. 864. Axonotechium trianthemoides, Fenzl, l. c. p. 355:
Télephium laxiflorum, Burch. DC. Prod. 3. p. 366.

Has. Stony hills near Sondag Riv., 1500-2000 f., Drege/ Albany, Mrs. Barber!
Rhinoster Kopf. Burke! (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.).
Largest leaves 1-2 inches, smallest 4-6 lines long ; petiole 2—4 lines long, mem-

-edged. Cymes sessile or pedunculate, 1-3 inches long, unequally forked, brac-
tiddle pedicel one-flowered. Sepals 2-3 lines long, equalling the capsule.

XV. GLENS. Loeftt. 3
Calyx -parted, Paah ‘acivastemons ) none or indefinite, sub-peri-
gynous, doe tee ean aah very slow ig aeea at setaceous.

Stamens 3-20 in the base of the calyx, free or united in parcels ; fila-
ments subulate; anthers versatile, oblong. Ovary ovate, 3~5-celled,

many-ovuled. Stigme Capsule membranous, ovoid, 3—5-angled,

Mollugo.] CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 137

Annual or suffruticose, branched, prostrate, glabrous, or stellato-pubescent, weed-
like plants, found in all tropical and sub-tropical countries. Leaves alternate or
pseudo-verticillate, entire or denticulate. Flowers in clusters or umbels, opposite
the leaves, sessile and crowded, or solitary at the nodes, and on long pedicels. The

_hame is yAwos, an old name for the maple, arbitrarily affixed to this genus.

1. G. lotoides (Lin. sp. p. 663); tomentose, with simple and stellate
pubescence ; stems diffuse, branching; leaves whorled, unequally ob-
ovate, tapering into a petiole ; flowers whorled, the pedicels shorter than
the calyx; stamens 3-12. Fenzl, An. Wein. Mus. 1. p. 357. Mollugo
hirta, Thunb. Cap. p.120. D.C. Prod. 1. p. 391. E. §& Z. | No. 1818,

Var. a. candida (Fenzl); whole plant densely albo-tomentose.
Var. 8, pubescens (Fenzl); less tomentose, greenish.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ In sandy places, Oliphant’s River, £. 4 Z./ Hills near
George, Drege/ Dreifontein, Oliphant’s River and Aapje’s River, Zeyher, 612.
(Herb. T.C.D., Sond.). =
Annual, branched from the base. Stems $-1 foot long, somewhat woody at the
base, terete, as thick as a crow’s quill. Leaves obovate, obtuse or shortly acute, the
radical rosulate, fugacious, on longish petioles, cauline very unequal, sub-undulate at
the margin, ribbed and veined, lamina 3-8 lines long, narrowed into a petiole half
: that length. Flowers 2-8, umbellate, axillary. Sepals oblongo-lanceolate, 2-2} lines
long, inflexed at point, mucronulate. Petals often none. Capsule shorter than the
calyx. Seeds very minute, brownish, muricato-tuberculate.

| 2. G. Mollugo (Fenzl, lc. p. 359); herbaceous, glabrous; branches

| downy at the point ; stems dichotomous ; leaves whorled, unequal, ob-

ovate-oblong or lanceolate, very entire or denticulate at the apex ;
flowers axillary, whorled, pedicels 2-4 times longer than the calyx; sepals
oblong, pointless; stamens 3-10.

Var. Natalensis (Sond.) ; stem erect, leaves inch long, ovate-oblong
or oblong, acute, tapering into the petiole, serrulate; flowers on longish
pedicels ; sepals acute; stamens generally eight. Mollugo serrulata,
Sond. Linn, 23. 1. p. 15. xe =

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius/ (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.). ivan
Annual, a foot long, with erecto-patent branches. Internodes 11-2 inches long.
Leaves in fours, the larger one inch long, 4 lines wide, narrowed into a petiole 2-3 __
lines long. Peduncles 4-6, about 4 lines long. Sepals 2 lines long, membrane edged.
St, hypogynous, filaments sub-unequal, broader at base ; anthers sub-emarginate at
base, 3-furrowed, 3-celled ; ovules on short funiculi. Stigmata 3, linear-
terete, Capsule 14 line long, obtuse, not inflated in the middle, 3-celled,
3-valved. Seeds very small, blackish brown, minutely muriculate ; the strophiole

white.

a a ore

XVI. MOLLUGO. L.

Calyx 5-parted. Petals none. Stamens 3-5, rarely 6-10, hypogynous,
those of the outer row alternating with the sepals, or when fewer than _
5, Opposite the ovarian-dissepiments. Anthers minute, globose, Hypo-
gynous-dise none. Style scarcely any ; stigmata 3, linear, Capsule
thinly membranous, 3-celled, bluntly 3-angled, 3-furrowed, 3-valved, :
loculicidal ; valves septiferous in the middle, the cells many-seeded. —
Seeds globose, not carunculate at the hilum. Zndl. Gen. 5186. Fendi,
Lc. 2. p. 246. 3 ee

138 CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) [Pharnaceum.

Small, slender, procumbent, dichotomously branched annuals, natives of the tropics
and warmer temperate zones, chiefly of the old world. Leaves linear or spathulate,
whorled round the nodes. Stipules obsolete, fugacious. Cymes dichotomous, race-
miform, axillary ; or sessile or pedunculate umbellules at the nodes. Named from
the resemblance in habit to Galiwm Mollugo, supposed to be the Mollugo of the
ancients,

1. M. Cerviana (Seringe) ; quite glabrous, glaucous; stems filiform,
straight, erecto-patent or diffuse ; radical leaves rosulate, obovate, spa-
thulate, linear, obtuse ; cauline remote, narrow-linear ; umbellules 3-5
flowered ; pedicels longer than the calyx ; stamens 5 ; seeds shining,
small, very minutely reticulated.

Var. «. linearis (Fenzl,); radical leaves narrow-linear. I. Cerviana,
DC. Prod. 1. p. 392. Pharnaceuwm Cerviana, Lin, Sp. 1. p. 388.

Var. 8. spathulefolia (Fenzl,); radical leaves cuneato-linear, obovate,
and widely spathulate, mucronulate, pointless or retuse. Pharm. Cer-
viana, Lam. Ill, t. 214. f. 2.

Var. y. pygmea ; stems subsimple, 4-1 inch long, diffuse ; branches
spreading ; radical leaves narrow-spathulate, obtuse, cauline little nar-
rower; pedicels spreading ; seeds very minute. Be

Has. Sandy places at Kamos, Zey./ 622. 8 Breederiverspont, Zeyher. Between
Driekoppen and Bloedrivier, 2000-3000 £. Drege. Gamkerivier, Burke and Zey.! 613.
(Herb. 'T.C.D., Sond.). : :

Root slender. Stems 1-6 inches long, yellow-green. Radical leaves 2-8 lines
long, 4-1 line wide, somewhat fleshy, one-nerved ; cauline whorled, unequal. Pedi-
cels capillary, 3-6 lines long. Sepals oval, membranous, white, with a green nerve,
tline long. Capsule equalling the calyx. Seeds brown, 3-angled-pyriform.

XVII PHARNACEUM, Linn.

Calyx 5-parted ; sepals very obtuse, petaloid within and at the margin.
Petals none. Stamens 5, perigynous, in the base of the calyx and alter-
nate with the sepals; anthers linear-oblong, rarely sub-globose. Hypo-
gynous-disc cup-shaped, 3-5-fid, rarely obsolete. Style none ; stugmata
3, obovate, fleshy, crest-like, coloured or white, rarely terete. Capsule
membranous, roundish-three-angled below, three-angled above, 3-fur-
rowed, trilocular, 3-valved, loculicidal ; seeds 4-8 in each cell, globoso-
lenticular, acutely margined, or sub-globose with a raised dorsal line,
not strophiolate. Endl. Gen. 5187. Fenzl, l.c. 2. p.246. Ginginsia, DC.

at the summit (Sp. 1-6).
“1. P. trigonum (E. &

Pharnaceum.]} CARYOPHYLLE& (Sond.) 139

trigonous, aristate-mucronate, persistent ; stipules setaceo-fimbriate, at
length falling of; peduncles scape-like, cymose, 3—5-flowered, 3—6 times
as long as the leaves ; seeds globoso-lenticular, margined, very smooth.
Fendl, l. c. p. 248.

Has. Calcareous and clayey hills between the Koega and Zondag Rivers. E.&Z./
March. (Herb. Sond.).

2 inches high. Root perpendicular. Stems very short, bi-trichotomous from the
base ; the lower branches 3-4 lines. the upper 2-1 line long. Leaves close-pressed,
the uppermost spreading, 14-2} lines long, furrowed at back, glabrous. Stipules very
minute, 2~3 times shorter than the leaves. Cymes subumbellate, on a shining pe-
duncle, }-1 inch long, pedicels very slender, bracteolate and stipulate at base.
Sepals oval-oblong, 1 line long. Stamens } as long as the calyx. Capsule as long
as calyx. : Ae

$F. mistaphy liom (Lin. f. Sup. p. 185); suffruticose, erect ;
branches : ichotomous, virgate, leafy; leaves crowded, ovato-terete,
obtuse ; stipules lanato-fimbriate, the fringe very copious and silky, intan-
gled in woolly glomerules at the axils ; peduncles scape-like, eymose, many-
flowered ; seeds globoso-lenticular, acutely margined, black-brown, very
smooth. Thunb. ! Fl. Cap. p.272. Mollugo microphylla, Ser. DC. Prod.
1. p. 392. Ginginsia microphylla, DC. l. ¢. 3. p. 368. :

Has. On the shore, at the end of Verloren Valley, Ziunberg/ (Herb. Thunb.),

This resembles the following in all characters, and only differs in having shorter,
thicker, fleshy leaves, 1 line long, } line wide. Peduncles an inch long. Flowers of
P. lanatum ; of which this may be a mere variety.

3. P. lanatum (Bartl. Linn. 7. p. 625) ; suffruticose, erect ; branches
dichotomous, virgate; leaves closely or laxly set, filiform, pointless ; sti-
pules lanato-fimbriate, the fringe very copious, silky, intangled in woolly
glomerules at the axils; peduncles scape-like, cymose, many-flowered ;
seeds globose, lenticular, margined, very smooth. Fenzl, l. c. excl. syn. P.
microphyli. P. lanatum and microphyllum, E. & Z. 1824, 1823.

Has. In sandy ground. Cape Flats, near Rietvalley, at Saldanha Bay, at Hott.
Holl., and at Brackfontein, E & Z./ chat oe Sogo 2496. (Herb. Sond.).
woolly with the fringe of stipules. Leaves terete, filiform, obtuse, glabrous, furrowed
beneath, spreading, 3-12 lines long ; those of the fascicles shorter, unequal. Stipules

fringe.
long ; cyme rarely few-flowered, simple or proliferous. Pedicels s, ing, glabrous,
othe bisutested bye therenahivn: of- stipules; ox wheal of lowes: white-edged,
2 lines long. Capsule longer than the calyx. 3

4. P. incanum (Lin. Sp. p. 389) ; suffruticose, erect, or from the base
squarrose and diffuse ; branches closely leafy, leaves more or less densely
set, setaceo-filiform, mucronate, or awned ; stipules fimbriato-lacerate, the
segments capillary, elongate, not interwoven in glomerules ; peduncles
scape-like, cymose, many-flowered ; seeds globose-lenticular, acutely

margined, very smooth. Fenzl, l.c. p. 249. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 273. £.
& Z. No. 1821. P. confertum, BE. & Z. ! 1822. Hb. Un, No. 626. Sieb.

No, 210. Ginginsia conferta, DC. 1. c. p. 363. Bot. Mag. t. 1883. Lam. .

Ill. t.214. f.3. G. elongata, DC. le

_Has. In sand: and stony places near Capetown; alao in Swellendam, Worcester; S :
Zeyher, mae ED: ede

2497, 2498, 2499. (Herb. T.C.D., Lehm., Sond.)

Fobra Weise
he |O8

140 -CARYOPHYLLE (Sond.) [Pharnaceum.

4-1} feet high ; branches 1-2 inches, or 3-6 inches long, slender, comose at the
end. Leaves fleshy, glabrous, furrowed below, rigid, patent or recurved, in some
specimens 2—4lines, in others 6-12 lines long. Stipules silvery, the sub-simple fim-
brils never curled. Peduncles solitary or several from the terminal tuft of leaves, _
1-16 inches long. Cyme 2-3-chotomous, the branches often racemose, spreading ;
the pedicels at base bracteated by a tuft of stipules or leaves. Sepals with wide mar-

i Anthers orange. Capsule ovoid-triangular, as long as the calyx or longer.
Only to be known from the preceding by its stipules.

5. P. reflexum (E. & Z.! No. 1825); suffruticose, erect, di-tri-choto-
mous or densely branched, branches naked at base ; leavesthickish or
slender, filiform, muticous or mucronulate, scattered or crowded, recurvo-
patent, never crowded in a tuft at the end of the branches ; stipules at
length deciduous, pectinato-fimbriate, the shreds very slender, curled, but
not interwoven in dense glomerules ; peduncles scape-like, cymose, many-
flowered ; seeds globoso-lenticular, very finely granulated. Fenzl, l. ¢. p.
251. P. albens, L. fil. Suppl. 186% Thunb. Cap. p. 274% Ginginsa
aurantia, DC.l.c. P. lineare, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 326.

Has. In stony places of the Karroo, near Gauritz River, Swell., Z. & Z./ Krit-
semberg, Lichtenstein. Wupperthall and Silverfontein, Modderfontein and elsewhere
in Namaqualand, Drege/ Sep.-Nov. (Herb. T.C.D., Lehm., Sond.).

3-12 inches long, like the preceding, but more robust, Leaves unequal, fleshy,
roundish, 2-6 lines to nearly 1 inch long, 4—3 line wide. Stipules minute, silky.
Peduncles short or long, terminated by a tuft of stipules or whorl of leaves. Cymes
2~3-chotomous or racemiform, simple or proliferous, forming a compound umbel.
Sepals oblong or oval, 1-21 lines long, yellow or white-margined. Stigmata pur-
plish-orange or golden. Capsule of the preceding, but the seeds have a more evident
margin and are very minutely granulated.

6. P. detonsum (Fenzl, |. c.p. 253); suffruticulose, squarrose; branches
woody, short, leafy; leaves crowded, elongate-filiform, aristato-mucronate,
rather straight ; stipules subulate-setaceous, simple, not fimbriate; seeds _
globoso-lenticular, very smooth, shining. P. patens, H. & Z,/ No. 1820,
ex parte.

cyme.
lines long, with white or yellow margins. Capsule rather longer than the sepals.
black. Very near P. dichotomum, but the stem is branched, the branches

ee

Pharnaceum. | CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 141

none ; seeds globoso-lenticular, very smooth, shining. Thunb. Fl. Cap.
p. 274. Fenzl, l.c.p.253. H.&Z.! No. 1827. Mollugo linearis, Ser.
in DC. Prod 1. p. 392.

Has. Sandy places on the Cape Flats, Zwartland, and Krakakamma, Thunberg,
E. § Z., Drege §c. Verchevally and 24 Rivers, Zey. / 623 (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

Aspect of Spergula arvensis. Stems several, 1-2 feet high, very smooth, the
internodes 1—s inches long, pale with minute, scarious, fimbriate stipules and
a whorl of leaves at each node. ves 4—f0 in a whorl, unequal, obtuse, 3-14 inch
long, 4-1 line wide, spreading, afterwards reflexed. Cymes terminal and axillary,
pedunculate, dichotomously racemiform, mostly effuse, 4-6 inches long, including
the peduncle. Sepals 2-37 lines long, petaloid, with a green rib ; anthers golden,
Stigmata thick, orange or crimson, at length pale and whitish. Capsule ovoid, ob-
long, scarcely exceeding the calyx. Seeds black.

8. P. dichotomum (Lin. f. suppl. p. 186) ; caudex short, simple or
divided ; annual stems slender, erect or spreading, simple or branched,
whorled with leaves at the nodes ; leaves linear-filiform, mucronulate ;
stipules ciliato-lacerate ; hypog.-disc tripartite ; seeds globoso-lenticu-
lar, minutely granulated, shining. Thunb, Fl. Cap. p.274. Fenzl, l. c
p. 254. Mollugo dichotoma, DC. 1. c.

Var. a. linearis; lowest leaves crowded in a tuft, 1-2 inches long,
cuneato-linear 4-1 line wide at the point ; cauline spreading, not. re-
flexed, stipules few and soon falling off. P. fluviale, E. § Z./ No. 1828,

Var. @. filifolia (Fenzl) ; all the leaves narrow-filiform, scarcely
4 line wide, the cauline spreading, not reflexed ; stipules fimbriate,
clustered at the nodes but not glomerated. Ging. brevicaulis DC. 3. p.
363. Pharm. patens, E. § Z.! No. 1820, partly.

Var. y. barbata (Fenzl); leaves linear-filiform ; the cauline at
length reflexed ; stipules very copious, conglomerated, fimbriato-barbate.

Has. Vara, stony ground, Zwartkops River, £.gZ./ Zey. 2493a. 8, in the
same place and at Quaggas Vlakte, at Adow, and Sondags River, Z.¢ Z. Zey.
2493». In the district of George, Drege, Mundt. &c. Cape Flats, W.H.H. vy. Be-
tween the Koussie and Gariep, Kl. Namaqualand, 1500-2000f, Drege. (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) :

Se; 1-1} lines . Capsule rather longer than the =
625. E. ‘ Z. No. 1819., which is hardly distinguishable from P. subtile, FE. Mey.
(No. 14, eee

9. P. Zeyheri (Sond.) ; suffruticulose ; caudex very short, multifid,
densely clothed with lacerated, silky stipules ; stems numerous, scape-
like, emerging from the dense tuft of leaves, terminating in a single
whorl of leaves ; lower leaves linear-spathulate, acute, mucronate aris-

tate, flat, one-nerved, fleshy, upper narrow-linear, aristate ; stipules
minute, fimbriate ; cymes racemiform, elongate ; peduncles capillary,
obsoletely stipulate at base ; sepals elliptical, petaloid with a green —
dorsal rib ; anthers oblong ; seeds globoso-lenticular, smooth. Zey. —

Ne, 614; (90. Si
nee acallisberg, Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.
: wae hecisih

g Liane Q Cusp
; }

Hy B3

Ne ee

:

!

142 CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) [Pharnaceum.

stipules imbricating the branches, about 2 lines long, oblong, cleft to the middle
into setaceous laciniz. Lower leaves } inch long, narrowed at base, one line wide ;
upper terminating the shining stem, 3-4 lines long and 4 line wide. Cymes termi-
nal, or rarely issuing from the lower leaves, 1-3 inches long ; pedicels 4-6 lines.
Sepals a line long. Stamens 5. Capsule equalling the calyx. Habit of Mollugo

Cerviana.

10. P. croceum (E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege) ; biennial or annual; cau-
dex none or obsolete, undivided ; stems very many, scape-like, straight,
issuing from a tuft of radical leaves; leaves fleshy, cuneate-filiform,
and filiform, not furrowed, long-awned; cymes 2—3-chotomously race-
miform, simple or shortly proliferous ; anthers linear ; hypogynous dise
fleshy, 3—-parted; seeds globoso-lenticular, very smooth. enzl, l.c.
255.

Var. a. crassifolia (Fenzl); radical leaves uncial, 1 line wide.
Var. 8. tenuifolia (Fenzl); rad. leaves semi-uncial, } line wide.

Has. Var. a, Silverfontein ; and 8, Namaqualand, Drege / Sep. (Herb. T.C.D.,
Sond.)

Root slender. Radical leaves crowded in a very dense tuft. Stems scape-like,
simple, 3-4 times longer than the radical leaves, ending in a whorl of short leaves.
Stipules very short, scarious, lacerate, nearly hidden among the radical leaves ;
chiefly visible on the nodes of the inflorescence. Cymes 1-2 inches long. Pedicels
erect, spreading. Anthers orange. Stigmata reddish-saffron colour. Capsule

equalling the calyx,

11. P. gracile (Fenzl, 1. c. p. 256); biennial or annual; caudex
none ; stems numerous, scape-like, issuing from a tuft of radical leaves ;
leaves tereti-filiform, awned; cymes trichotomously racemiform, sim-
ple; hypogynous disc membranous, white, obsolete, often reduced to a
single lobe ; anthers elliptical ; seeds sub-globose, marked with an obso-
lete dorsal line, not margined, opaque, brown.

Has. On the Great Karroo, 2—3000f. Drege / (Herb. Sond.)

Very like the preceding, but much more slender, with longer racemes, capillary
pedicels and flowers half the size. Leaves 8-12 lines long, } line wide, tipped with
ahair. Stems 2-2! inches long, very slender. Stipules obsolete on the nodes of
the inflorescence. Cyme 2 inches long ; racemes capillary, with no ramuli. Pedi-
cels 4-6 lines long, spreading. Sepals 1 line long or shorter, white-edged. Stig-
mata white. Capsule equalling calyx. Seeds under a strong lens, minutely granulate.

‘Sect. 2. Annual or perennial herbs, without caudex. Leaves flat,
oval, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, in remote whorls. (Sp. 12-14).

Pharnacewm.] CARYOPHYLLE& (Sond.) 143

short trunks, from which spring many capillary, glabrous, fragile branches, 1-3
inches long, prostrate, densely caespitose, simple or dichotomous. Internodes 2-3
lines long. Leaves 3-7 in a whorl, unequal, narrowed into a short or longish
petiole, the lamina 1 line long, $—} line wide. Stipules very minute, shorter or
sometimes longer than the leaves. Peduncles mostly one-fiowered, rarely two-
flowered ; pedicels capillary, bearded at the nodes, 4-12 lines long. Calyx glo-
bose, t line long. Stamens 5. Hypog.-dise 5-lobed. Caps. membranous, white,
as long as calyx ; cells 2-5 seeded. Seeds sub-compressed, brown.

13. P. distichum (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 275, excl. syn. Willd.) ; per-
ennial ; stems decumbent, simple or dichotomous, elongate ; leaves
about six in a whorl, lanceolate, sub-acute ; peduncles axillary and
terminal, racemose or paniculate, longer than the leaf; capsule sub-
globose ; seeds lenticular, very smooth, black. H.d&Z. ! No. 1827,
Fenzl, 1. c. 258.

Has. Among shrubs. Krakakamma, &. &. Z. / Zey, No. 2492. At the Kous-
sie River, Kl. Namaqualand, and on hills by the sea side between Omcomas and
Port Natal, Drege. (Herb., Sond.).

: of Gallium Mollugo. Stems many from the crown, 1-2 feet long, gla-
brous, slender, flexuous, decumbent at base, then ascending, rarely trichotomous.
Internodes 1-3 inches long. Leaves 5-10 in a whorl, sub-equal, inch long, 1-2
lines wide, in some specimens only half that size, muticous or mucronulate, nar-
rowed at base, spreading, at length refiexed. Stipules very shortly fimbriate,
white. Peduncles axillary, racemose ; pedicels remote, 4-6 lines long, capillary ;
peduncles terminal, cymose or paniculate. Calyx 1 linelong. St. 5. Hypog. disc
5-lobed. Capsule rather longer than the calyx, many-seeded. Seeds shining.

14. P. subtile (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege) ; annual ; stems one or several,
from a rosette of leaves, very slender, simple or forked ; radical leaves
oval or oblong, fugacious, succeeded by rosulate, linear-lanceolate ones ;
cauline narrow-linear, whorled ; stipules obsolete, fugacious ; cymes
2—3-chotomous, racemose, divaricate, sessile, hypogynous-disc obsolete, tri-
partite ; capsule globose ; seeds globoso-lenticular, reticulate, blac
Fenzl, l. ¢. p. 259. se
- Has. Rocky places. Paarlberg, 1500-2000f. Drege. Between Capetown and
the Salt River, Bergius. Sep.-Oct. (Herb. Sond.) i i

A very small plant, resembling Mollugo Cerviana. Root slender. Stems 1-2
inches high, ending in a few-leaved whorl, and a sessile cyme. Rad. leaves sub-
petiolate, 4-12 lines long, }—1 line wide ; cauline narrower and shorter. Stipules
very minute. Cymes racemiform, divaricate, the racemes inch long, capillary, 3-7
flowered ; pedicels 1~3 lines long, deflexed after flowering. Calyx globose, 4%
lines long ; sepals fleshy, oval. Anthers globose. Capsule many-seeded, scarcely
longer than the calyx. _ ee

Sror. 4. Diffuse, sub-dichotomous annuals. Leaves subulate, fas-
ciculately whorled at the nodes. Flowers sub-sessile. (Sp. 15.).

15. P. scleranthoides (Sond.) ; annual, glabrous ; stems diffuse, or
erect, slender, sub-dichotomous ; leaves verticillately aggregate at the
nodes, subulate, mucronate ; stipules setaceo-lacerate ; flowers axil-
lary, aggregate, very shortly pedunculate ; sepals mucronate, twice as
short as the capsule ; seeds lenticular, margined, very smooth.
ann (Herb. Sond.)

numero a
teeaal us, pallid, 2-3

144 CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) [Hypertelis.

short mucro. Stipules scarious, a line long, from a broad base, narrowly lacerate.
Flowers seemingly sub-sessile, but really pedicellate and cymose ; the intermediate
flower sub-sessile, the lateral 2-4, evidently stalked. Calyx 1 line long, 5 parted ;

sepals elliptical, mucronate, with a green dorsal nerve. Hypog. disc none. St. 5,
shorter than the sepals ; the anthers sub-globose. Stigmata 3, short, recurved.
Capsule membranous, prismatic-3-angled, glabrous, 3-celled, loculicidally dehiscent,
cells many-seeded. Seeds minute, lenticular, irtaeie: very smooth, shining,
not ie, Pat Habit of a Scleranthus ; or rather of Minuartia or Loefilingia.

APPENDIX. Doubtful species.

16. P. teretifolium (Thunb. Fl Cap. p. 274.) ; caudex fruticose,
erect, divaricately branched ; leaves filiform, mucronate, 4 line long ;
pedicels shorter than the leaves, Fenzl, l, c. p. 259. Moll. teretifolra,
Ser. in DC. Prod. 1. p. 393. Ging. teretifolia DC. Prod. 3. p. 303.

Has. Near Witte Klipp, Thunberg. Oct.

‘* Stem suffruticose, terete, ash-coloured, entirely glabrous, a foot high. Branches
opposite, divaricate, slightly divided. Rameal leaves whorled, terete, subulate,
entire, spreading, } line long. Umbels lateral, simple, pedunculate. Peduncles
capillary, shorter than the leaf.” Thunb. l. e.

According to Fenzl it is allied to P. incanum or P. a and perhaps a va-
riety of one or other. To me, however, it oe by the description, not to belong
to the present genus, but to Adenogramma, and to be near A. rgida, if not the
same.

te

XVIII. HYPERTELIS, E. Mey.

Calyx 5—parted, the sepals very obtuse, membrane-edged, coloured.
Petals none. Stamens 3-5, or 12-16 in two rows, the 5 outer alter-
nating with the sepals, shorter, the inner connate at base and longer ;
or 20-30, in 3 3 parcels opposite the dissepiments of the ovary, con-
nate at base, alternating with a few free stamens. Anthers oblong.
Hypogynous-dise none. Style none ; stigmata 3-5, fleshy, recurved,
white. Capsule ellipsoid, 3—5 furrowed, 3—5 celled, 3-5 valved, locu-
licidally dehiscent, the valves septiferous i in the middle: cells many-
seeded, Seeds lenticular, or pyriform, very smooth, shining, not stro-
phiolate. ndl. No. 5188. Fenzl, l. c. 2. p. 261.

Small, decumbent suffrutices or annual or perennial herbs, natives of South
Africa. Leaves glaucous, filiform, sub-terete, pointless, fleshy, dilated at base
into a stipulary, amplexicaul, truncate, unidentate sheath ; all either alternate and

or remotely whorled. Umbels simple, on long peduncles, rarely shorter

. than the jane. fee not explained : dep, Tndus: but why?

* Suffruticose : stamens 12 or more. (Sp. 1-2.)
x.

verrucosa (Fenzl, 1. cap. 262.)-5 suffruticulose, with a very
., and short ieiggres leaves alternate, densely set, or fasct-
culately crowded ; ; stipulary sheaths broad; peduncles 4-8. flowered,
4s loge tha ea peduncles, pedicels and calyces ver-
rucose above; stamens 11-16, in two rows; seeds pyriform. Phar-

) verrucosum, BE. dé Z. a —— By Jealeaeies,Derch Trav.

Hypertelis.] CARYOPHYLLE& (Sond.) 145

near Verleptram, and at the Gamke River, near Jackalsfontein, Dreye. Gauritz
River, Swell., #.& Z. Gamke, Zey. 615. Macallisberg and Bitterfontein, Zey.,
Wo. 2842. 8. Sondag’s rivier, near Blauwekraus, Graaf Reynet and Albany, Drege. *
(Herb. T.C.D., Lehm., Sond.)
Root woody. Stem, branches and ramuli whitish. Branches 1-3 inches long ;
twice longer in 8, leafy, glabrous. Leaves terete filiform, 4-10 lines long, 4-1 line
wide. Stipulary sheath hyaline, with taper-pointed teeth. Peduncles straight,
umbelliferous, axillary and terminal, 2~5 inches long. Umbels quite simple ; pedi-
cels 4-10 lines long, divergent after flowering ; sepals 13-24 lines long. Capsule equal-
ling the calyx. Seeds sub-compressed, black.

; 2. H. spergulacea (I. Mey. in Hb. Drege); suffruticose, stems as-
= cending; lower leaves crowded, linear wedge-shaped ; cauline remotely
. whorled, narrow-linear ; stipulary sheaths short ; peduncles, pedicels
and calyces quite smooth ; stamens 20-30 ; most of them united at base
into 3—5 parcels, a few free ; seeds lenticular.

Has. Stony places near Verleptram, Gariep, Drege/ (Herb. Sond.) —

| Habit of Spergula or of Pharnaceum lineare. A glabrous, glaucous suffrutex,
about a foot high. Root whitish. Leaves at the base of stem fleshy, 6-8 lines
long, $-1 line wide. Stems simple or forked, branches filiform, rigid. Leaves
5-10 in a whorl, at the tumid nodes, unequal, 4-8 lines long. Peduncles 1-2} oe
inches long, sub-umbellate ; pedicels 6-12 lines long, very slender. Sepals oval- o
elliptic, 2-3 lines wide. Capsule as long as calyx. Seeds shining, black. Easily |
known from the preceding by its long stems, remotely whorled (not crowded) leaves,

and absence of tubercles.

Lip ccligeltp htaccess licen

in thonynicihcaliesiantiinilisaitmatmsichcnipt.onitniinwini

{
** Annuals or biennials ; stamens 3-5. (Sp. 3-4) ca 4

3. H. arenicola (Sond.) ; annual or biennial, quite glabrous, glaucous ; se
stems prostrate, branched; leaves opposite or tufted, fleshy, linear- eek
terete, obtuse, attenuate at base, radical none; stipulary sheaths wide,
with subulato-acuminate teeth ; peduncles axillary 3-4 times shorter
than the leaf, 2-3 flowered ; pedicels equalling the peduncle ; sepals
very smooth ; stamens 3 ; seeds reniform, minutely roughened. _ m sip:
Hab. On moist, sandy places at Greenpoint, Capet Zeyher, No, 619, WH.
Jan.-Mar. (Hat. now, Sond.) sss ponitige sae az pic g
2-3 inches high, leafy. Root sub-simple. Stems numerous, dichotomous, some-

what knee-bent, Leaves erect, $-1 inch long 4-1 line wide, longer than the inter-
nodes. Peduncles erect, pedicels longer than the calyx, bracteate at base. Disc
fleshy. Is elliptic, sub-petaloid, 1 line long. Stamens on the disc: anthers sub-

4.H. Bowkeriana (Sond.) ; biennial, quite glabrous, glaucous ; stems
prostrate, branching; leaves alternate, fasciculate, fleshy, linear-terete,
sub-acute ; stipulary sheathes broad, with acuminate teeth; peduncles,
pedicels and calyces sparsely tuberculate or smooth ; peduncles axillary,
once or twice as long as the leaf, 2-4 flowered ; pedicels much shorter than
the peduncle ; stamens 5; seeds 3-angled-pyriform, very smooth,

Albany, Miss Bowker (now Mrs. Barber). (Herb., Hook. i
vw Pgs fl like H. verrucosa, but differing in the “ ).
uncles, and few stamens. Branches whitish. Leaves 4-1 inch
Biipules Mong 2 nae io, 1-1
I , in fruit 1 %

146 CARYOPHYLLEH (Sond.) [Psammotropha.

0-4 XIX. PSAMMOTROPHA. E. & Z.

Calyx 5-parted ; sepals oval, with petaloid margins. Petals none.
Stamens 5, alternate with the sepals; anthers globose. Hypogynous-
disc none. Style very short; stigmata 3-5, filiform. Capsule 3-5
angled, sub-globose, 3-5 celled, 3-5 valved, loculicidal; valves septi-
ferous in the middle ; cells one-seeded. Seeds globulose, granulate, |
not strophiolate. Endl. Gen. 5189. Fenzl. 1. c. 2. p. 263. ?

Small suffrutices or much-branched perennials ; stipulate or exstipulate. Branches
bent at the nodes, and verticillately leaved ; sometimes inordinately ramulose,
quadrifariously imbricated throughout with densely crowded, rigid leaves, so as to be
acutely tetragonal. Flowers minute, on lateral or terminal articulate peduncles, in

simple umbellules, sessile at the nodes or crowded about the forks. Name papmos, ; ]
sand and rpodos, a nurse. .

1. P. quadrangularis (Fenzl, 1 c. p. 264.); fruticulose, flexuously
diesth, teanchat ; leaves ALS subulate +), lines long) mucronulate,
or aristate, rigid, with thick margins, exstipulate, those of the branches
very closely set in four ranks; of the peduncles whorled, equalling the
lateral, sessile umbels. Pharnacewm quadrangulare, Linn. f. Suppl. p.
185. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 275. E.&. Z.! No. 1832. Mollugo quad-
rangularis, DC. Prod 1. p. 393.

Var. «. mucronata (Fenzl) ; leaves triangular-subulate, white edged,
acute and mucronulate.

Var. 8. subulifolia (Fenzl) ; leaves subulate-setaceous, awned, one-
coloured,

Has. Koude Bokkeveld, on the mts. near Verkeerde Valley and elsewhere,
Thunberg. Stony places near Ezelsfontein and in Onderbokkeveld, 2500-4000f.,
Sai . B Swellendam, Drege. Heerelogement, Ecklon. Oct.-Dec. (Herb. T.C.D.;

nad.

Aspect of Andromeda hypnoides ; very smooth, aspan long, erect or diffuse ; the
primary branches leafless, or covered with dead leaves, the ramuli 12 inches long,
densely leafy. Leaves rigid, in a, 4-2 lines long, 4_t line wide at base ; in B, 1-3
lines long, { line wide, pale green or yellow. Peduncles terminal, mostly solitary,
very slender, }-1 inch long, terminated with a whorl of leaves and 3-7 pedicels
about an inch long, nodoso-articulate and laterally umbelliferous. Flowers minute,
ae ratatlnte at the nodes of the pedicels ; pedicels 1-2 lines long, Late

aly x ong, globose. Capsule sharpl. angled, equalling or exceeding
_ ealyx. Seeds brown, not glossy. get

Coelanthiwm] CARYOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 147

3-8 inches long, with the habit of Androsace lactea, or rather, of Stylidiwm bul-
biferum. Stem very short, many-branched ; the branches prostrate, repeatedly pro-
liferous, the internodes 1-2 inches long. Leaves densely rosulate at the nodes and
apices, 2-5 lines long, 4 line wide, glaucous-green, Peduncles straight, shining,
2~3 inches long, simple or dichotomous, with many lateral umbellules, one over an-
other near the apex. Umbellules opposite a semiverticil of leaves ; pedicels 1 line
long, equalling the leaves, minutely bracteolate at base. Calyx } line long. Capsule
3-5 angled. Seeds rust-coloured, not glossy.

3. P. myriantha (Sond.); biennial or annual (??), stemless ; radical
leaves very densely rosulate, elongate, narrow-linear, awned, one-
nerved ; scape one or several, thickish, rather longer than the leaves,
ending in a whorl of leaves ; peduncles rising from the whorl, 2-3-choto-
mous, much branched, spreading widely ; ramuli bearing lateral umbel-
ules opposite semi-whorls of leaves. Zey, No. 616.

Has. Macallisberg, Burke & Zeyher. (Herb. Hook.! T.C.D., Sond.) é

12 inches high, including the panicle. Root sub-simple, perpendicular. Tuft of
radical leaves very large, densely many-leaved. Leaves 2-4 inches long, 4 line
wide, rigid, with a strong nerve, tipped with an awn 1 line long, glabrous, and
smooth. Common peduncle or scape one or several, 4-5 inches long ; the middle
ones much thicker than the outer ; all shining, pale or foxy, ending in a whorl of
8-20 leaves, about 4 inch long. Partial peduncles elongate, much divided, bear-
ing umbels at the forks and nodes. Fl. minute. Pedicels a line long. Calyx glo-
bose, sepals sub-petaloid. St. 5. Style 5 fid. Capsule 5 angled, rather exceeding
the calyx. Seeds globose, brown, granulated.

4. P. parvifolia (E. & Z. No. 1833.) ; herbaceous, perennial, pros-
trate, many-stemmed ; stems filiform, much branched ; leaves small, oval,
elliptical, oblong, or somewhat linear, pointless or mucronulate, with
thick margins, whorled, spreading or reflexed ; flowers. sessile, densely
crowded at the nodes. Fenzl, l. c. p. 266. Pharn. marginatum, Thunb.
Cap. p.275. Moll. marginata, DC. Prod. 1. p. 392.

Has. Sandy hills near Witteklipp, Thunberg. Zwartkop’s River, 2. & Z. / Drege,
Zey. 2501. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Aspect of Valantia muralis. Stems many, from a thick root, elongate, 3-10
inches long, weak, somewhat angular, whitish, oppositely branched. Internodes of
stem and branches 4-1 inch long ; on the flowering ramuli much shorter. Leaves
1~2 lines long, 6-15 in a whorl, rigid, stellately patent and reflexed, with thickened
edges. Stipules scarious, ciliate : i the length of the leaves.
Flowers minute ; the glomerules 3-10 flowered. Sepals } line long. Capsule 2-4
celled, very small, globose, angled, 2~4 seeded, sometimes abortively one-seeded.

7 ---s§xXX. COELANTHIUM, E. Mey. oe

Calyx fannel-shaped or bell-shaped, semi-quinquefid ; the segments
petaloid, obtuse. Petals none. Stamens 5, inserted between the calyx
lobes, very short ; anthers sagittate, erect, longer than the filaments.
Dise none. Stigmata 3, roundish, fleshy. Capsule oblong, 3-angled,
3-celled, many-seeded, loculicidally 3-valved ; the valves septiferous.
Seeds globose, sub-compressed, not strophiolate. Hndl. 5190. Fenzl,
¢. 2. p. 276, ‘ Jeoice

Glabrous annuals, with scapelike stems springing from a tuft of radical leaves ,2-3-
chotomous above, and breaking up into raceme-like cymes. Radical leaves obo-_
vate, oval or lanceolate ; cauline filiform, whorled, Stipules fimbriato-lacerate.—
Name, xouAos, hollow and av@os, a flower. : “ 10° 5

148 CARYOPHYLLE (Sond.) [ Polpoda.

1. C. grandiflorum (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege) ; radical leaves ovate-
elliptical and lanceolate, fleshy, on long petioles ; cauline filiform,
aristate ; stems simple, straight, ending in cymes; stipules crowded,
rigid ; segments of the funnel-shaped (24-3 lines long) calyx obovate,
broadly membranaceous, flat ; capsule prismatic, as long as the calyx.
Fenzl, l. ¢. ;

Has. Karoo-plains between Goedman’s kraal and Kaus, Kl, Namaqualand,
2000f. Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

Root filiform, Rad. leaves 8-12 lines long, 11-3 lines wide. Stipules shining,
2-3 lines long. Stems numerous, 2—4 inches long, scapelike, with a terminal whorl
of leaves, whence the cymes arise. Cauline leaves unequal, 4-6 lines long, filiform,
with setaceous stipules. Cymes bifurcate, racemiform, leafless ; pedicels 3-4 lines
long, flexuous, stipulate at the thickened forks. Seeds brown, reticulated.

C. parviflorum (Fenzl, 1. p. 268.) ; radical leaves narrow-spathulate
and lanceolate, tapering into a petiole ; cauline filiform, pointless or
mucronulate ; stipules setaceous, rather loose; stems erecto-patent,
panicled above, the branches cymigerous ; segments of the campanulate
(1-2 lines long) calyx ovate, rounded-obtuse, membranaceous at the apex
and slightly inflexed margins; capsule subtrigonous, equalling the
ae Pharnaceum ? semiquinquefidum, Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 83. Zey. No.
O21

‘Has. Cape Flats, Ecklon, Drege! W.H.H., Zeyher. (Herb., T.C.D., Sond.).

Root long. Stems numerous, terete, 4-6 inches long ; the primary branches
opposite, the rest dichotomous. Internodes 1-2 inches long. Radical leaves 1-1}
inch long, 1-2 lines wide ; cauline much narrower and shorter, Stipules very thin.
Cymes bifurcate, racemiform, leafless ; pedicels 1-2 lines long, bracteate at base.
Calyx 1-1}, rarely 2 lines long, subturbinate. Known from the preceding by the
dichotomous, panicled stem and patent branches, longer and narrower radical leaves
and smaller flowers.

Sub-Order V. Porpopex (Gen. XXI.)
XXI, POLPODA, Presl.
Calya corolloid, 4-parted ; the sepals (snow-white) fringed and lace-

rate, imbricated at base with 3-4 hard-margi basally fimbriated
gined, basally fimbri
bracts. Petals none. Stamens 4, hypogynous, alternate with the sepals ;

____ filaments exserted, anther-cells linear, divaricate at base. Style bipartite ;
Sa a oe ona a 2 > . ¥y 1p 1 ,
_ the branches filiform, erect, stigmatose. Capsule broadly obcordate,

a ‘2-celled, compressed at right angles to the dissepiment, loculicidally
bivalve the valves septiferous. Seeds solitary, globoso-reniform, gra-
Opaque. Endl. No. 5194. Fenzl, 1. ¢. p. 300. Blepha-

suffrutex ; the branches very densely imbricated with
: "latter fo ek tectioad, yl ic

«<~

Adenogramma.] CARYOPHYLLE (Sond.) 149

Has. On the hills round Capetown, at both sides of Table Mountain, and at
Campsbay, Ecklon, Sieber. W.H.H. Pappe, &c. Piquetberg, Zey. No. 1450. Drege,
8262. Oct. Dec. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

6-18 inches high, more or less branched : with the aspect of a Lycopodium or of a
Stoebe or Seriphium. The minute flowers, hidden among the imbricated leaves,
easily escape notice.

Sub-Order VI. ADENoGRAMMEs (Gen. XXII.)
XXII. ADENOGRAMMA, Reichb.

Calyx 5-parted, ovoid or globose, sepals coloured at the margin and
on the inside. Petals none. Stamens 5, alternating with the sepals,
connate at base into a membranous, hypogynous ring. Anthers oval, ver-
satile. Ovary one-celled, with a single ovule attached to a basal ascend-
ing seed-cord. Style simple ; stigma capitate. Utricle indehiscent, coni-
cal, straight, compressed or lenticular, obliquely acuminate, smooth or
papillated. Seed ovoid, with a membranous coat. Zndl., No. 5195.
fend, l. c. p. 274. Steudelia, Presi.

Suffrutices or annual herbaceous plants ; slender, dichotomous, diffuse and gla-
brous. Leaves whorled, those of the perennial branches imbricate, obovate, lan-
ceolate, linear or filiform, very obsoletely stipulate. Flowers small, sessile or on
short pedicels, disposed in sessile, axillary umbels.

Sect. 1: Surrruticose; stem and branches woody; branchlets
densely leafy ; leaves imbricate ; floriferous branches panicled, with
whorls of leaves at the nodes. (Sp. 1.).

1. A. rigida (Sond.) ; suffruticose ; stem di-tri-chotomous ; branch-
lets leafy ; leaves crowded, from a dilated, imbricating base elongate-
subulate, pungently mucronate, sub-recurved, without stipules ; flower-
ing branches elongate, panicled, whorled with stipulate, lanceolate or
subulate leaves at the distant nodes, those of the upper nodes shorter ;
stipules setaceous, deciduous ; pedicels few, axillary, equalling the
leaves, one-flowered. Pharnaceum rigidum, Bartl. in Lin. 7. p. 626.
Psammotropha rigida, Fenzl, l. c. p. 266,
~ Es — below Tigerberg, near Riet Valley, Ecklon, W.H.H. Dec. (Herb.

: i a pigeon’s prostrate, many times divided ; branches
Bprgetas oe heave hat wit persistent ~ ns ramuli inch long,
leafy. Leaves filiform-subulate, furrowed above, 4-1 inch long. Flowering branches
terete, 6-12 inches long, with swollen nodes, the internodes 3-14 inches long,
branchlets sub-horizontally patent, elongate, the lowest ones ramulose, the upper-
most short and very slender. Pedicels about 1 line long, capillary. Flowers I lin

long. Sepals white-edged. Capsule shining, one-seeded.

Sect. 2. Dirruse suFFrRUTICES, with long, much divided, filiform
branches ; all the leaves whorled, either obovate, elliptical, lanceolate
or linear. (Sp. 2-4). :

2. A. sylvatica (Fenzl, |. c. p. 275.); leaves obovate, oval or oblong,

aristate, thinly nous, 1

lary, fugacious. Steudelia sylvatica, £E.§ Z.! No, 1 ; eee
Has, In woods at the River Zonler Ende and near Gnadendhal ; also near Ca-

, but long algerie eas - : : .

150 CARYOPHYLLE® (Sond.) [Adenogramma.

ledon’s Baths, £.d4Z./ Breede river, Zey/ 2488. Near Gnadendhal, at Dutoit’s
Kloof, and at Vanstaadensberg, Drege. Oct. Jan, (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

Aspect of a Galium. Root thick, perpendicular, 3-6 inches long. Stems many,
1-3 feet long, filiform, weak, spreading or scandent, dichotomous or somewhat
whorled, very smooth ; the branchlets capillary. Lower internodes 2-4 inches
long, upper shorter. Leaves 3-8 in a whorl, stellately patent, at length reflexed,
bright green with a pale awn, 4-6 lines long, 1-3 lines wide, the uppermost nar-
rower and shorter. Stipules setaceous, $ line long. Flowers axillary, 3-7 together ;
pedicels as long as the leaves or longer. Calyx globose, j-1 line long, with obtuse
sepals. Ovary ovoid, sub-compressed ; style oblique.

3. A. diffusa (Fenzl, 1. c. p. 275.); leaves oblongo-or linear-lanceo-
late, mucronate, fleshy, rigid, deciduous; stipules obsolete or none.
Pharn. diffusum, Bartl. Linn. 7. p. 625. P. Lichtensteinianum, Roem.
and Sch. (excl. syn.) Mollugo Lichtensteiniana, DC. Prod. 1. p. 393+

excl. syn. Steudelia diffusa, E. & Z.! No, 1811. Herb. Un. It. 627.
ex parte.

Has. Sandy and stony places on the sides of Table Mountain, towards the
North and East, E. & Z.! Krauss, Drege, W.H.H. + Swellendam, Mundt. Klip-
fontein, Zeyher. No. 618, 2490. Aug.—Noy. (Herb. T.C.D,, Sond.) _

_ Very like the preceding, but the stems are slender and somewhat rigid, ascend-
ing at the points, and the leaves are smaller, fleshy and quickly deciduous, Stems
10-18 inches long. Leaves 3-8 in a whorl, 2-21 lines long 3-3 line wide, the up-
en ones smaller. Stipules capillary, minute, only obvious among the uppermost

ves. Flowers , 2-7 together, pedicellate ; pedicels longer or shorter than
the ania: _ Capsules sub-globose, shortly mucronulate, obsoletely rugulose, shining,

4. A. lampocarpa (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege); leaves linear,
. ( . in Hb. ; very narrow ,
sub-carinate, hook- inted, deciduous ; stipules scarcely any. Fenzl, L.
3 P. 276, Steudelia capillaris, E,& Z.! No, 1810,
AB. Among shrubs on the mountains near Dutoitskloof, 1s00-2000f. Drege.
Mountain sides near Riv. Zonderende, E, & Z. / (Herb. T.C_D., Sond.). s
A diffuse, much-branched suffrutex, closely related to A. digfusa, but differing in
the slender stems, capillary branches, less fleshy linear leaves, 2-3 lines long, $-4
line wide, prominently nerved below and hooked at the point. Flowers on pedi-
cels longer or shorter than the leaves. Sepals 4} line long, petaloid, Capsule

Sect. 8. Axxvais; simple or many-stemmed, diffusely branched,
- ii y branc
-Many-flowered ; leaves linear-subulate, or subulate-setaceous. (Sp.5-7)-

7

= eile

Adenogramma,| PHYTOLACCE (Sond.) 151

pedicels at length as long as the flowers or longer ; calyx close-pressed on
the ovoid or lenticular, obliquely acuminate, punctate capsule, persistent.
Pharn. Mollugo, Lin. Sp. p. 389. Berg. Fl. Cap. p. 79. Pluck. t. 331.
J. 4. 2. glomeratum, L. fil. Sp. p. 185. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 273. Moil.
glomerata, DC. Prod. 1. p. 392.

Var. a, planifolia (Fenzl); leaves linear-subulate, flat above ; capsule
very minutely punctate, the acumination twice as short as the lower,
swollen portion. St, galioides, Presl. Symb.t.2. E. & Z. No. 1808.
Un. It. 628.

Var. 8. teretifolia (Fenzl); leaves fleshy, linear-filiform, sub-terete ;
capsule coarsely punctate, the acumination nearly equalling the lower
swollen portion, or half as long.

Has, Cape Flats, and on mountain sides round Capetown, common. Zwartland ;
and near the Zwartkop’s River and Assagaiskloof, Thunberg. E. d&Z./ de. Zey.! No.
620 and 2489. July—Nov. (Herb. Thunb., T.C.D., Sond.).

_ Glaucous green, 2 inches to 14 feet long, very smooth, or rarely minutely downy
below, with the aspect of a Galium. Stems ascending or diffuse, ched from the
base ; branches alternate, opposite or whorled, filiform ; branchlets spreading, bearing
the flowers. Lower internodes 2-3 inches long, upper shorter. Leaves 3-6 lines long,
4 line wide, 3-12 in a whorl ; the uppermost very small, at length reflexed. Flowers
copious, crowded in the axils, umbellate ; pedicels unequal, 4-2 lines long. Sepals
oblong, obtuse, white-edged, £ line long. Capsule brown.

7. A. Mollugo (Reichb. Icon. Bot. Exot. 2. 3. t. 109) ; leaves linear-
subulate or filiform ; flowers of the umbellules pedicellate, mixed with
a few sessile ones ; sepals deciduous in fruit ; capsule globose at base, de-
pressed, produced into a long, straightish, two-edged beak, once and a-half
longer, black, shining, granulate on the disc, and margined with raised,
golden-yellow papilla. Fenzl, l.c.p.278, £. & Z.! No, 1812. Sted,
Fl. Cap. No. 261.

Has. Sandy places in the Cape districts, as at Green Point and Mu &.
oS: Rive tondemiae Swell. Sieber, E.&Z. Zwartland, Drege.! Cheeb Beni}:

A slender plant; in habit, ramification and leaves closely resembling the last species,
but smaller (2-4 inches long) more rigid, with fewer leaves; the upper ones smaller.
Leaves either pointless or mucronate. Flowers in size, disposition and colour as in
the ponting f Sepals oblong, obtuse, white-edged. Capsule black and shining,
nearly 1 ng.

Orper XIX. PHYTOLACCEZ. R. Br.
is (By w. H. Harver.)

Phytolaccer, R. Br. Endl. Gen., No. ceviii. Phytolaccace, Lindl.
Veg. Kingd., No. exciti. DC. Prod. vol. 13. part ii, p. 2.)

Flowers regular, often apetalous. Calyx 4-5-parted, persistent, its —
segments generally with membranous margins, imbricated. Petals 4-5,
or none, fugacious, Stamens sub-hypogynous, as many as the calyx
lobes and alternate with them, or irregularly more numerous ; filaments
free or connate at base ; anthers erect or incumbent, bilocular, Ovary
of two or several (rarely of one) apocarpous or connate, one-ovuled car-
pels; styles as many as the carpels. F’rwit dry or baccate, breaking up
into single-seeded nuts or utricules, Seed (asin Caryophyllee)

152 PHYTOLACCE& (Sond.) [Limewm.

- Herbs or shrubs, rarely trees, with alternate (v. rarely opposite) simple, very
entire leaves, with or without stipules. Flowers in spikes, racemes or cymes, 0

Natives of the tropics and the warmer temperate zone, more frequent in America
than in the Old World. About 80 species are known. The affinities are obviously
with the Caryophylloid group of Orders, from which the present is chiefly known by
the structure of the ovary. (iesekia, in habit, much resembles some Molluginex-
Limewm and Semonvillea are African types, but found in North as well as South-
Africa.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH-AFRICAN GENERA.

Tribe 1. Livex. Fruit of two, plano-convex, dry, hard carpels.
I: Semonvillea.— Carpels orbicular, flattened, with a marginal wing.
II. Limeum,—Carypels hemispherical, wingless.
Tribe 2. Gresexinz. Fruit of several, separate or confluent carpels.

III. Giesekia.—Carpels 3-4-5, warted or crested, hard and dry.
AE Bats Sere fa ane 5-12, fleshy or juicy, separate or united into a many-
C) it.

I, SEMONVILLEA. Gay.

Flowers perfect. Sepals 5, separate, herbaceous, with membranous

edges. Petals 5 or none, clawed, Stamens 5-7, hypogynous, the dilated
filaments slightly connected at base. Ovary compressed, formed of two
plano-convex carpels, united by their flat side ; styles 2, filiform ; stigmas

‘sub-capitate. Fruit orbicular, dry, formed of two, separable, one-seeded,

indehiscent, plano-convex cocci, winged round the margin. Endl. Gen.
5259. DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 19. : =

Slender, branching, glabrous, annuals, natives of Senegal and of S. Africa. The

at ves are very narrow, slightly fleshy without obvious veins, laxly scattered on the .

: - _Bracts 3 under each flower, and one under each short pedicel. Flowers
minute. Named in honour of M. Semonville, a French Botanist, ee ,

1. 8, fenestrata (Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. Dec. Mus. Vind. 5. p. 42); stem
much-branched, erect or diffuse, glabrous ; leaves very long, narrow-
linear, mucronate, narrowed at base; carpels rather longer than the
calyx, the wings entire and sub-continuous below, transparent between

the nerves (as if glazed). Mog. in DC. Prod. Hook, Ic. t. 587.
—— roe] fa BE. Mey.t ce. p.20. Hook, lc. t. 597

amaqualand, Drege/ Vaal and Caledon Rivers, Burke and
ook., Sond.)

of the menmbran omnes be the centre, and continuous
aS 5, connate at base, herbaceous, with mem-

Stamens 7 (rarely 5-8-10),
b-globose, formed ete

ag teooauli. sti

Limeum.) PHYTOLACCEZ (Sond.) 153

hemispherical carpels, united by their flat side; styles 2, terminal, slender.
Fruit dry, formed of two separable, one-seeded, indehiscent, hemisphe-
rical, wingless, dorsally-pitted or echinulate cocci. Seed vertical, with a
peripheric embryo, ndl. Gen. 5258. Mog. DC. Prod. 13.2. p. 19.

Small, herbaceous or woody, prostrate or erect, many-stemmed, perennial or an-
nual plants, natives of S. Africa, and of the tropics of N. Africa. Leaves simple
and very entire, narrow, somewhat fleshy, often glaucous, glabrous or glandularly
hairy and viscid. Inflorescence cymoid, terminal or opposite the leaves. Flowers
small, greenish-white or white. Bracts 3 under each flower, and one under the
pedicel, Limeum was the ancient name of a poisonous plant, and derived from
Aotmos, poison. 'These small weeds are acrid poisons.

Sub-genus 1. Lrweastrum. Flowers with petals. Inflorescence ter-
minal, or sometimes lateral, loosely cymoid, pedunculated. (Sp. 1~6.)

1. L. Africanum (Burm. Prod. Fl. Cap. p. 11) ; stems herbaceous,
prostrate, sub-simple, angular, glabrous, green ; leaves petiolate, taper-
ing and slightly clasping at base, oblong or lanceolate-linear, acute or
obtuse, or mucronate, glabrous ; cymes terminal, pedunculate, loosely
corymbose, much branched ; sepals ovate, acute or acuminate, nerveless ;
fruits pitted and furrowed, much shorter than the sepals, Jog. in DC.
Prod. 13.2. p.21. E.&2Z.! No. 1836. ; and L. litorale, FE. & Z.! No.
1837. Mog.l.c.

Has. Common round Capetown, on the Lion Mt., &c. Tigerberg, and on the
shore near Saldanha Bay, Wupperthal, and at Kaus, 3-4000 ft., Namaqualand,
Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Root thick, deeply descending. Stems many from the crown, 12-14 inches long,
spreading in a circle, the ends upturned and flowering. Leaves }-1} inch long.
slightly fleshy, very variable in form. Sepals with broad, silvery-white margins,
Cymes 2-21 inches across, flat-topped.

2. L. canescens (E. Mey. MS.); “stems herbaceous, procumbent,
branching, angular, glabrous, green ; leaves petiolate, oblong-linear, acute,
muticous or mucronulate, glabrous, covered with a glaucous rime, the
lower leaves obovate ; cymes terminal, pedunculate, corymbose, many-
flowered ; sepals ovate, acuminate, nerveless ; fruits... ...¥’ Mog.
in DC. Prod. l.¢. p. 21. :

. S. Africa, Drege 6229. Lange Valley, her 631, ex parte. (Herb. Sond.).
caesar es a Bette 18 ot lng ender Leaves
lines long, includin: tiole of 1-2 , 12-2 lines wi pering
nik Ojanien’ 5-7 tines “wide, vith crowded re a Sepals with white borders.”
Mog. l.¢. I translate Moquin’s diagnosis for this species, which I only know by a
specimen in Herb. Sond., from Zeyher; by whom it was mixed with L. capense.

3. L. capense ((Thunb. Prod. p. 68); stems woody, erect or diffuse,
angular, glabrous, dull green ; leaves petiolate, tapering and somewhat
clasping at base, elliptical or obovate, obtuse, mucronulate, glabrous ;
cymes terminal or lateral, on short peduncles, densely many-flowered,
corymbose ; sepals broadly oval, obtuse, mucronulate, one-nerved ; fruits
pitted and furrowed, as long as the sepals. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 342.

E. & Z! No. 1838. Mog. in DC. Prod. t.c.p.at. Zey. No. 2505, 630, — :

631, ex parte. L. telephuordes, E. Mey.! Mog. 1. c.

Var. 8. intermedium; leaves narrow-oblong, or oval, subacute ; ae

Sole mata Bay
OWe| Ua, ales!

154 PHYTOLACCE (Sond.) [Limeum.

eymes loosely corymbose ; fruits as long as the obtuse sepals. L, tele-
phioides, Mog. in Herb, Hook. non E. Mey.!
spots. Adow; and near Zondag and Zwartkops Rivers, 2. & Z./

Dr. Atherstone! Between Eenkoker and Bitterfontein, Hartveld, Zeyher!
(Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond., Benth.).

Root woody. Stems several, 3-6 inches high, sparingly branched. Leaves } inch
long, 2-4 lines wide, mostly broadly obovate and very obtuse, with a minute, reflexed
point. Flowers smaller than in Z. Africanwm, the sepals blunter and the cymes less

ing. Var. 8. is nearly intermediate between L. capense and L. Africanum,
having the calyx of the former, and the foliage and loose cymes of the latter species.
By Moquin it is referred to L. telephioides, E. Mey. ; but Drege’s original specimens

_ have the broadly obovate leaves and dense cymes of the common L. capense.

4. L. Hthiopicum (Burm. Prod. p. 11); stems diffuse, woody, angular
and striate, minutely scaberulous or glabrous, pale or greenish ; leaves
on short clasping petioles, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or acute,
often mucronulate, glabrous ; cymes terminal and lateral, on short
peduncles, or sub-sessile, dense, capitato-corymbose, many-flowered ;
sepals broadly oval, obtuse, mucronulate, one-nerved ; fruit as long as
the sepals, pitted and furrowed. Thunb. Cap. p. 343. E.& Z. No. 1840.
Mog. lc. p.22. L. fluviale, E. & Z.! No. 1839. Mog.l.c. Zey. 627,
628, 629, 2503, 2506.

Has.. Sand hills and river banks in the eastern districts, Gauritz River, the Lan-
gekloof, Graaf-Reynet, and near the Zwartkops R., Z.& Z./ Fish River and Geel-
beck River; and Bitterfontein, Burke and Zeyher. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond. ).

Nearly related to L. capense, from which it chiefly differs in its more woody stems,
much narrower and more linear leaves, more prostrate growth and pale bark. L.

fuviale, B. & Z.! is scarcely separable from the common form ; the characters assigned
to it are very variable,

5. L. paucifloram (Mog. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p. 23); perennial ; stems
woody, prostrate or decumbent, roundish, glandularly pubescent and
viscid ; leaves petiolate, broadly obovate, obtuse, thick and leathery,
undulate, viscoso-puberulous ; cymes shortly pedunculate, lateral, few-
flowered, sub-simple ; sepals herbaceous, broadly lanceolate, acute; fruits
shorter than the calyx, deeply pitted and furrowed. Mog./ in Herb.
Hook. and l. ¢.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. (Herb. Hook.).
A very depressed, half woody, much branched, rigid perennial, minutely downy
and viscid in every part. Flowers green, the sepals with scarcely any border, Cyme

6. L. viscosum (Fenzl, Nov. Stirp. L c.); annual; stems herbaceous,
ate, widely spreading and cone somewhat angular, glandu-

t and viscid ; leaves on longish petioles, obovate or oblong,
mucronulate, pubescent ; cymes on short, lateral pe-
AL Vien Loe corymbose, several-flowered ; sepals broadly ellip-
toi estes ic wings Gratiot ei

PENNE 9 A: —

Giesekia. | PHYTOLACCE& (Sond.) 155

-Sub-genus 2. Dicarpaa. Petals none. Inflorescence axillary or op-
posite the leaves, sessile, glomerulate. (Sp. 7-8.)

7%, L. glomeratum (E. & Z.! En, No. 1841); stems diffuse or procum-
bent, divaricately branched, herbaceous, glandularly pubescent and
viscid ; leaves on longish petioles, elliptic-oblong or broadly linear,
tapering at base, very obtuse, the petiole, mid-rib and margin minutely
glandularly pubescent ; cymes lateral, subsessile, dense, globose, 3-12-
flowered ; sepals ovate, sub-acute, herbaceous, nerveless ; fruits as long
as the sepals, pitted. Mog. in DC. Prod. l. c. p. 24 ; also L. Meyeri,
Fenzl. Mog. l.c.p.24. Zey. No. 626. “2

‘Has. Siloh, near Klipplaat River, Caffraria, 7.4 Z./ ©. Drege edon
River, Dulteadd Saini diel Eicks 0D Meador ae ee
. Widely spreading and branching, with the aspect of L. viscosum, but the leaves are
proportionably longer and less obovate, and the cymes nearly or quite sessile. Petals
generally wanting. Mogquin (in DC. Prod, l.c.) retains LZ. Meyeri, Fenzl, founded
on the L. glomeratum, Drege, as distinct from the original plant of Eck. & Zey.; call-
ing the first ‘‘herbaceous,” the latter ‘‘suffruticose.” J have examined and com
Ecklon’s and Drege’s original specimens in Herb. Sond.; and Burke and Zeyher’s in
Herb. Hook., and T.C.D., but failed to find any tangible character to separate them.
All Spot orien and very probably annual, judging by the roots of such specimens
as ve them, ;

8. L. linifolium (Fenzl, Monogr. p. 342); annual, glabrous ; stems
diffuse, branching, angular and striate ; leaves sub-sessile, narrow-linear,
elongate, tapering at base, obtuse or sub-acute, mucronulate ; cymes
opposite the leaves, sessile, dense, sub-globose, several-flowered ; sepals
ovate, acuminate, nerveless, albo-marginate ; fruits as long as the sepals,
bristling with sharp tubercles. Mog. in DC. Prod. 13. 2. p.24. Dicar-
pea linifolia, Presl. Drege, 2631.

Has. 8. Africa, Drege/ Caledon River, Burke/ (Herb. Hook., Benth., Sond.).

A very distinct species, with very narrow leaves, an inch or more in length, and
from } line to 1 line in breadth. The sepals have a wide, white border and the fruits
differ from those of the other species... ets . :

IIL GIESEKIA. Linn.

Flowers bisexual. Sepals 5, herbaceous, with membranous edges,
sometimes coloured. Petals none. Stamens 5-15, hypogynous, sepa-
rate, alternating singly or in parcels of two or three with the sepals ;
filaments expanded at the base, subulate. Carpels 5 (sometimes 3-4),
sessile on a small torus, separate ; ovules solitary, erect ; styles 3-5,
continuous with the inner-angle of the carpel. Fruit lodged in the
persistent calyx, consisting of 3-5, one-seeded, warted or crested, dry
cocci ; embryo peripheric. nd. Gen. 5261. Mog. in DC. Prod. 13.
2. p. 26.

Small, annual, or rarely perennial weeds, growing in sandy soil and near river
tan ahs sondegpepdinghnbe Jores copes or alnastn, eli ame

’ JODO , imme im!
pare agent a ish-purple, in ee or compound cymes. Ernie dry and
hard, nut-like.. Named in honour of P. D. Gieseke, a German botanist, who pub-
lished figures of plants in £777. eioct base ton it tect

1. G. pharnaceoides (Linn.); annual ; stems diffuse or prostrat

156. PHYTOLACCEZE (Sond.) [ Phytolacca.

striate, branched ; leaves on short, membrane-edged petioles, elliptic
oblong or lanceolate, obtuse, pale beneath ; cymes sessile or shortly
pedunculate, rather dense, many-flowered ; flowers nearly as long as the
pedicels ; sepals concave, sub-acute, three-nerved ; stamens jive. Mog.
in DC. l. c. p. 27.

Has. Near the Caledon, Crocodile, and Vaal Rivers, Drege! Burke and Zeyher.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond. ). :

Root slender, with few fibres. Stems several, 10-12 inches long, spreading over
the soil. Leaves variable in shape; in the Cape specimens 1 inch long and 4 inch
wide, tapering at base, and ending in a blunt point. The sepals are boat-shaped,
pale green, with three dark-green or reddish veins. The cymes are not always sessile;
but sessile and pedunculate occur on the same root, and I find it impossible, so far
as S. African forms go, to separate “@. linearifolia” of authors from the common
variety. In Herb. Hooker the sheet marked ‘ G. linearifolia,” by Moquin himse!
bears two plants; one, Limeum glomeratwm, from Muddy River, the other a Giesekia,
with sessile glomerules, from Vaal River, Zey./ 624, ex parte.

2. G. pentadecandra (E. Mey. MS.); annual ; stems diffuse, forked,
angular and dotted ; leaves on short channelled petioles, obovate, ellip-
tic-oblong or linear, tapering at base, obtuse, pale below ; cymes pedun-
culate, somewhat umbellate, lax, few-flowered ; flowers much shorter
than the pedicels, purplish ; sepals concave, three-nerved ; stamens jif-
teen. Mog. in DC. Prod. le p. 28. .

Has, South Africa, Drege! Zeyher! Natal, Miss Owen. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.)

A small annual ; branches 6-8 inches long, Leaves very variable in form and
size. The cymes are more lax than in G@. pharnaceoides, from which this species 18
easily known by its numerous stamens.

3. G. Miltus (Fenzl,); “perennial, shrubby; leaves subsessile, oblong,
obtuse, wry red on both sides; cymes subsessile or pedunculate, umbel-
late, 5-15-flowered ; flowers shorter than the pedicels, very red.” Mog.
in DC. Prod. 13. 2.p.28, Miltus Africana, Lour. .

Has. Dry places near the Orange River, Drege.

“Stems 4 feet long, prostrate, slender, glabrous. Leaves crowded, minute.

Stamens 12. The whole plant stro: inged with red.” Mog.l.c. I am unac
quainted with this remarkable pit —_ fy

IV. PHYTOLACCA, Tourn.

——— mostly bisexual. Sepals 5, petaloid, or herbaceous, with
: orm ey

Bi id apa lia Nara REL wate Hence eS

ar ct emcee

Phytolacca.} PHYTOLACCE (Sond.) 157

and “acca,” the colour called Jake; because the berries contain a red dye. The S.
African species belong to Moquin’s genus Pircunia.

1. P. stricta (Hoffm. in Com. Goett. 12. p. 27. t. 3); stem shrubby at
base, ascending or erect, furrowed, glabrous ; leaves lanceolate, obtuse ;
mucronate, narrowed at base, and decurrent into a short petiole, rough-
ish ; racemes pedunculate, the rachis furrowed ; glabrous or rough ;
sepals herbaceous, white-edged, spreading ; stamens 7-8 ; carpels 6-7.
P. heptandra, Retz. Pircunia stricta, Mog. in DC. 1. c. p. 30.

Has. Between the Fish River and Fort Beaufort, Drege/ Orange River, Drege!

Burke! Caledon River, Burke and Zeyher! Caffraria, Mrs. Barber! (Herb. Hook.,

T.C.D.).

Stems 1-2 feet high, sub-erect. Leaves varying much in comparative length and
breadth, 3-4 inches long and } inch wide, or 2 inches long and 1 inch wide, some-
times ovato-lanceolate or oval. Peduncle long or short : the pedicels equalling the
greenish flowers. Fruit blackish-purple, succulent; the calyx not refiexed.

2. P. Abyssinica (Hoffm. in Com. Goett. 12. p.28.f£2); stem shrubby,
climbing, terete ; leaves on long petioles, ovate or ovate-elliptical, obtuse
at base, acute and recurvo-mucronate at the apex ; racemes much longer
than the leaves, the rachis pubescent; pedicels longer than the flowers ;.
calyx reflexed ; stamens 5-12 ; carpels 5-8. P. dodecandra, Herit. Strip.
t.69. Pircunia Abyssinica, Mog. in DC. l. ¢.

Has, Between Omsamculo and Omcomas, Drege/ Near Port Natal, Mi. Sanderson.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook.).

Stem 10-20 feet high, climbing and scrambling over rocks. Leaves on long and
slender petioles, 2 3 inches long, 1}~2 inches broad, varying from ovate to nearly
elliptical, but always acute. Peduncles short or obsolete, raceme several inches long,
densely flowered. Calyces strongly reflexed soon after the opening of the flower. A
native of Abyssinia, Madagascar and the Sandwich Islands.

OrpeR XX. MALVACEZ, Juss.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Malvacex, Juss. Gen. 271. D.C. Prod. 1. p. 429 Endl. Gen. No,
ecix. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. cxxx.). pth

Flowers regular. Calyx 5, rarely 3-4 cleft, with valvate estivation,
usually furnished at base with involucral bracts. Petals 5, with twisted
zstivation, diliquescent, usually attached to the base of the staminal
column. Stamens indefinite, united into a tube, whose dilated base
covers over the ovary ; anthers reniform, terminal, one-celled. Ovary
of 5 or many carpels, whorled round a common axis, and either sepa-
rable or united into a plurilocular capsule ; ovules one or several, axile;
styles as many as the carpels. Hrwt dry or fleshy, dehiscent or inde-
hiscent ; seeds with little or no albumen, with a curved embryo, and

b]
leafy, plaited cotyledons...
Trees, shrubs or herbs, very generally with stellate pubescence. Leaves alternate,
simple, | ;
tly large showy, variously disposed. go
me pee, pret rene kh and sub-tropical Order, with outlying species in the tem- —
perate zones. The tropical species are generally ligneous, and many of them even

nerved and often palmately lobed or parted, stipulate. Flowers 28

158 | MALVACEE (Harv.) [ Althea.

:

arborescent ; those of the temperate zones are herbaceous or suffruticose. Upwards
of 1000 species are known. ‘The properties of the Order are mucilaginous and inno-
cuous, and several are in local use in affections of the throat, &c. Others, as the
Gombo of the West Indies, yield fruits which are an ingredient in soups, or boiled
a vegetable. The inner bark of most species is exceedingly tough and strong, an
an excellent material for making ropes, or for converting into strong packing-paper.
The Paritium tiliaceum of Natal might be profitably employed for these purposes.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

Tribe 1. Matvex. Carpels separable, disposed in a ring round a cen-
tral axis. Stigmata as many as the carpels.
* Styles filiform, stigmatose along the upper side. Calyx with an involucel.
IH I. Althzea.—Involucel 6-9-leaved.
‘-1 II. Malva.—Involucel of 3 leaves.
** Stigmata terminal, capitellate. Calyx with an involucel.
ae Il. Malvastrum.—Involucel 3-leaved. Ovules solitary.
6-2 TV. Spheeraleea.—Involucel 3-leaved. Ovules 2-3 in each carpel.
o-% V. Spheroma.—TInvolucel trifid. Ovules 2-3 in each carpel.
*** Stigmata terminal, capitellate. Calyx without an involucel.
; VI. Sida.—Carpels one-seeded,
o-. -VII. Abutilon.—Carpels 3-12 seeded.
Tribe 2. Urnenes. Carpels 5, separable. Stigmata capitellate, twice
_ 88 many as the carpels (10).
=o “Vint. Pavonia.—Involucel 5-20 leaved.
_ Tribe 3. Histscez. Carpels united into a many-celled capsule. Stig-
mata capitate, as many as the carpels. Staminal column naked and 5-
‘ _, toothed at the apex, bearing stamens along its external surface.
“<= EX, Hibiseus—Involucel many-leaved.
On] X. Paritium.—Involucel cup-shaped, many-toothed or cleft.

Il. ALTHZA. Linn.

Involucel monophyllous, 6-9 cleft. Staminal column bearing anthers

at the multifid summit. Ovary of many carpels, whorled round @

columnar torus ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmatose along the

_ Inner face. Fruit of many reniform, dry, one-seeded, indehiscent, sepa-
_ Table carpels, Endl. Gen. 5270. DC. Prod. 1. p. 436.

_, Annual or perennial herbs, natives of the old world, and chiefly of the northern

F newce~ anid car wre Flowers axillary or in terminal racemes:

white. The common * Mallow” of England is the type of this

named from ade, to cure; in allusion to the emollient properties of

ii (Linn.); stems hispid; leaves ‘on long hispid petioles,
7540 bed, the lobes cuneate, crenato-dentate ; sti-
pedicels axillary, single-flowered ; involucel 8-9
Prod. 1.p.437- Caw, Ie. t. 423. A. garie-

Malvastrum.] MALVACEH (Harv.) 159

2. A. Burchellii (DC. Prod. 3. A 438); “stem erect, hairy ; leaves cor-
date, somewhat 5-lobed, coarsely toothed, velvetty; pedicels axillary, one-
flowered, hairy, scarcely shorter than the petiole ; involucel 5-cleft. * DO.
Urena pilosa, Burch. Cat.2557. —

Has. South Africa, Burchell. (Unknown to us.)

The plant distributed by Z. ¢ Z., under this name is an undoubted Pavonia (P.
mollis, E. Mey.)

Il MALVA, Linn. —

Involucel 3-leaved, persistent. Staminal-column bearing anthers at
the multifid summit. Ovary of many carpels, whorled round a central
torus ; styles as many as the carpels, stigmatose along their inner face.
Fruit of many dry, one-seeded, hard-shelled, pointless, indehiscent
carpels, separating at maturity from the axis ; seed filling up the cavity.
Endl. Gen. 5271. DC. Prod. t. p. 430. Gray, Gen. Vou. %: p. 49. t. 116.

Herbs, natives of the temperate parts of the old world, with roundish or lobed,
palmate-nerved leaves, and axillary, purple or rosy flowers. Several are weeds in .
cultivated ground, ‘‘mallows by the hedges,” and as such~are dispersed over the
globe. All have emollient and mucilaginous properties. The name is an old one
derived from padakn, soft. :

1. M. parviflora (Linn.) ; procumbent or prostrate ; leaves on long
petioles, reniform, obtusely 5-7 lobed, crenate; flowers ‘clustered i in the
axils, subsessile, the petals scarcely longer than the calyx ; carpels 10-
3a, sub-glabrous, cancellated or netted, the margins raised, sharp, and
denticulate. DO. Prod. t. p. 433. ‘iM. rotundifolia, E. § Z.! (non L.);
-s microcarpa, Bd Z.1 298, and M. flexuosa, E. & Z.! 299. M. pusilla,
Bot. ¢, 241. -
Has. Roadsides and waste places; a weed, introduced from Europe. (Herb. 9..!> A ee OF (2,

Hook., Sond.). Q LY
Flowers pale flesh colour, small. All the Cape specimens I have seen have the oe) 63

transversely ribbed and furrowed carpels and sharp ridges, characteristic of M. par-

viflora. The pubescence and size of leaves vary much. %

Ill. MALVASTRUM. A. Gray.

Involucel 3-leaved (sometimes wanting). Styles as many as the car-
pels ; the stigmata terminal capitellate. Other characters the same as in
Mazva, A. Gray, Gen. 2. p. 59. t. 121, 122. ©

Herbs or small shrubs, with alternate, ox ‘sg one. payed
or racemose flowers, which in the Cape species are purple, rose-red, or red and
The genus us comprises many American species with orange or flame-coloured rams 4
natives chiefly of the warmer temperate zones, north and south. It is known o—
Malwa by he capitellate stigmas, and cine gles sub-dehiscent carpels,
ahi Caio tyetits We ee ee va. Sy se Silks Ws ieeepesbiing.
and I fear that some of those adopted may not prove permanently distinct; and
ogee in some cases, I have mistaken the plants intended by previous authors.

materials in the Herbaria at my command are scanty and unsatisfactory. The
generic name is an alteration from Malva,

a 1, Fruticosa. Virgate Shrubs, evidently ligneous. (Sp. 9)
: M. fragrans (“ray and Harv.); frutescent, virgate ; the branche:
pt

minutely glandularly pubescent and thinly

160 . MALVACE# (Harv.) [Malvastrum.

with long, patent hairs ; leaves cordate at base, 5-7-lobed, the lobes short,
obtuse, swb-equal, or the middle one longest, crenate ; stipules ovate,
small ; peduncles one-flowered, axillary, longer than the petiole ; invo-
lucral leaves lanceolate, shorter than the acuminate, villoso-ciliate calyx
lobes ; carpels glabrous, corrugated. Malva fragrans, Jacg. Hort. Vind.
3.t. 33. DC. Prod. 1. p. 434. (non E. & Z. nec Bot. Reg.) Cav. Diss. t.
33.7. %

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Cavanilles, Dr. Pappe/ (Herb. Hook.).

Stem 6 feet high, or more, shrubby below, herbaceous above ; the whole plant
slightly viscid, with a balsamic odour. Leaves on long petioles, 3 inches long and

ee broad, the lower ones distinctly 5-lobed, the upper 3-lobed or 3-5-angled. The

garden specimens (Hort. Kew! Hort. Monsp.!) are minutely glandular, with a few
scattered hairs, in other respects glabrous; a wild one from Dr. Pappe is meee
velvetty. Whether it be a species, or merely a luxuriant state of Mf. capense, B,

cannot determine. The leaves are very much larger and less toothed than in other
Cape species. Flowers purple.

2. M. Capense (Gray and Harv.); shrubby, virgate, slightly vised,
minutely downy or glandularly pubescent, rarely glabrescent, the younger
parts villous; leaves ovate-oblong, somewhat 3-lobed and angled, the
middle lobe longest, the lateral roundish or obsolete, unequally toothed;
‘stipules short, patent ; peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered, with pedicels
longer than the petioles ; invol. leaflets lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate,
shorter than the ovate-acuminate, ciliated ealyx lobes. Thunb. Cap. p-

‘Var. a. glabrescens ; puberulous or glabiel ent, the glandular hairs
= M. Capensis, Cav, Dis. t. 24. f. 3. "DC. Prod. 1.p.434 B.&
280,
_ Var 8. balsamicum; glandular hairs copious and much longer than
in vara, M. balsamica, Jacq. DO. l.c.. M.fragrans, Bot. Mag. (non
Jacq.) #. & 2,281. Drege, 7317, 7319.
Has. Near the Z River, Oliphant’s Hoek, and Boschesman’s River,
Ui , and near Grahams

town, Albany, £. é Z./ and others. Simon’s Bay,
C. Wright? (Herb. 'T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) =

A tall, slender bush, 3~4 feet high, somewhat clammy to the touch, with a strong
balsamic scent. Flowers purple. involucral leaves vary much in size. Carpels
: glabrous, slightly corrugated,

M. calycinum (Gray & Harv.); shrubby, virgate, downy or tomen-
tose with short stellate hairs, the soe aan. are ; leaves cordate or
‘te, somewhat. 3-lobed, crenate or toothed, 3—-5-nerved ; stipules ovate,
flowers axillary or in axillary pseudo-racemes, pedicels longet
oles ; invol. leaflets broadly ovate, acute, nearly as long a8

nate, tomentose and ciliated calyx lobes. Malva caly-

0. Cav, Diss. t. 22. f. 4. DC. Prod. 1. p. 434:

-Malvastrum.] MALVACE (Harv.) 161

4, M. strictum (Gray & Harv.); shrubby, straight and erect, the
whole plant rough with short, rigid, stellate hairs ; leaves ovate, obtuse
or sub-acute, somewhat 3-lobed, crenate or denticulate, the middle lobe
longer, lateral lobes often obsolete ; stipules ovate or oblong ; peduncles
axillary, one-flowered ; invol. leaflets narrow-linear, sub-remote, much
shorter than the cuspidate calyx-lobes ; carpels glabrous. Malva stricta,
Jacq. Hort, Schoenb, 3. t.294. DC. Prod. 1. p.434. M. amoena, E, &
Z.! ex parte.

Has. Hill sides, Uitenhage, Zeyher / 1967., E.G Z. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.).

3-4 feet high, very rigid, virgate, harsh to the touch. Nearly related to M. Capense
and also to M@. asperrimum, but much rougher than the former, and its pubescence
much shorter and less stellate, and its leaves less deeply cut than in the latter.
Flowers purplish-rosy. Our specimens pretty nearly agree with Jacquin’s figure.

5. M. asperrimum (Gray & Harv.); shrubby, virgate, the whole plant
densely covered with rigid, harsh, stellate bristles; leaves ovate-oblong,
somewhat 5-lobed, undulate and toothed, corrugated above, prominently
nerved below, the middle lobe much the longest and acute, the lateral
lobes obtuse or obsolete ; stipules broadly subulate or lanceolate ;
peduncles axillary, 2-4-flowered ; invol. leaflets narrow-linear, shorter
than the deltoid-acute calyx lobes ; carpels covered with stellate bristles.
Malva asperrima, Jacq. Schoenb. 2. t. 139. DC. Prod. 1. p. 434.

Var. 8. stellatum; leaves narrower, more deeply lobed, the lobes
inciso-dentate. JM. stellata, Thunb. fide E. § Z.286. M. corymbosa, E.
Mey.? M. bryoniefolia, Drege! (non DC.).

Has. Blaauwberg, 3000-4000 f. Drege/ Near Heerelogement, Clanw., F. & Z./
(Herb. T.C.D,, Hook. Sond.).

3-4 feet high, erect; the older parts finally becoming glabrescent ; but all the
puee parts excessively rough with densely stellate hairs. Lower leaves 3 inches
ong and two broad, upper about half this size. Flowers purplish. Staminal co-
lumn densely bristled. I have seen but a frustule of M. corymbosa, E.M., doubt-
fully Salembed to, above. .

6. M. grossulariefolium (Gray & Harv.) ; shrubby, densely stel-
lato-pubescent, velvetty, the stellate hairs very short, but stiff; leaves
roundish-ovate or flabelliform, shortly 3—5 lobed, undulate, crenato-den-
tate, 3-5-nerved ; stipules broadly subulate ; peduncles axillary, 1-3-
flowered ; invol. leaflets narrow-linear or lanceolate, shorter than the
deltoid-cuspidate calyx lobes ; carpels rounded, glabrous. Malva gros-
sulariefolia, Cav. Diss. t. 24. f. 2. DC. Prod. 1. p. 4347 #.¢ Z. ! 284.
M. amoena, Drege! (non. Sims.) M.deflexa, Turcz. Mosc. 1858. p. 186.

Var. 8. parvifolium ; leaves smaller and denser. M. bryonifolia,
Drege! also No. 7322, 7324.

Has. In the Karroo. George, and Graaf Reynet, £. & Z. 8. Hexrivier, Zeyher /
Nieuwefeldsberg, Drege/ (Herb, Sond., Hook.)

A tall, virgate, densely stellate shrub, but soft to the touch ; the leaves having
a velvetty down in addition to the stellate hairs. Leaves t-11 inches in diameter. _

.

searcely corrugated, or quite even. Drege’s 7324 is less velvetty thanthe __

others, but not otherwise different. It comes from Gauritz River.

7. M. bryonifolium (Gray & Harv.) ; shrubby, densely la oF —

tose, and covered with long, soft, stellate hairs; leaves ovate-oblong, —
deeply 3-lobed, undulate and corrugated above, prominently nerved be-

=

162 MALVACE® (Harv.) [Malvastrum.

low, the margin crenato-dentate, the middle lobe longest ; stipules linear-
subulate ; peduncles 2—4-flowered, shorter than the leaves ; involucral
leaflets narrow-linear, shorter than the deltoid-acuminate, very woolly
calyx lobes ; carpels covered with starry scales. Malva bryonifolia,
Linn }—fide E. & Z. 285 |
—- Oliphant’s river’s Bad, Clanw., Ecklon! Namaqualand, Zeyher / (Herb.
ma.
A Gooks shrub, much more tomentose than any other Cape species ; the whole
ar pale, through the abundance of yellowish, densely crowded, stellate, but not

hairs. Stipules longer and narrower than in most. Flower-stalks short,
corymbose. According to E. & Z. this is M. plicata, Thunb.

8. M. virgatum (Gray & Harv.) ; thinly stellato-pubescent and vil-
lous, or swb-glabrous, shrubby ; leaves (small) on short petioles, oblong
or broadly linear, tapering to the base, simple or trifid, sharply serrate,
midribbed, nearly glabrous ; stipules lanceolate ; pedicels axillary, one-
flowered; involucel below the base of the calyx, its leaflets narrow-
lanceolate ; calyx segments deltoid-acuminate, thinly stellate, and
fringed with woolly hairs; carpels glabrous. JMalva virgata, Cav. Ic. t.
18. f. 2. and t.24.f1.non E. & Z. DC. Prod. 1. p. 434.

_. Var. a. Dilleniana; leaves more or less 3-lobed. JM. Dilleniana,
E. & Z.282.
_ Var. 8. angustifolia; more glabrous, with narrow-cuneate leaves.
Vane 7.4 oblongif d at b
AR. y.1 0 ifolia ; leaves oblong, scarcely narrowed at base.
en 7348, 6} = :
. Mountain-sides, at the kloof, , E.& Z.1 Oliphant’s River, Dr.
Gill, 8. Africa, aay (Herb. gaa oy ale

A slender, virgate, nearly glabrous shrub, with a few stellate hairs on the leaves
and calyx. Leaves 3—1 inch long, 4-1 inch wide, sometimes deeply 3-lobed. In-
volucre sometimes remote. Drege’s 7318 b, in Herb. Hook. seems certainly ee
this species, but 7318, a, in Herb. Sond., looks different. M, virgata, B. & Z.! is _
4M. albens, readily known by its glabrous staminal column.

9. M. tridactylites (Gray & Harv.) ; somewhat viscid, glabrous or
downy ; leaves obovate-cuneate, tapering very much to the base, subsessile,

3-toothed or trifid or tripartite, the segments patent, toothed ; stipules
_ ovate, erect ; peduncles axillary, r~2-flowered, slender ; invol, leafilets
oe linear or lanceolate, much shorter than the deltoid calyx lobes ; carpels

ed, glabrous, rugulose. Malva tridactylites, DC. Prod, 1. 434-
oe Thunb. ! Cap. 551; also M. oxyacanthoides, Hornm.
a. glabra ; glabrous and viscid. aM. stricta, E. § Z 283! non

a; minutely downy, the calyx stellate-hairy. Z. $
ine ‘ia ee tora — sender sides of leaves, thinly stellato-
ao ke. (xb. ‘ook., Sond., TOD)” : od Oe Pee wena’. $ 2-/
pies once ant of the Kar Fah eae nea it ,Pobsccence; se miny be ex-

Ppuple.

Malvastrum. | MALVACE& (Harv.) 163

readily known from other Cape species by its deeply cut and wedge-shaped leaves.
The rosy purple flowers are on short or long stalks. Staminal column very hairy.

Group 2. Surrruticosa : spreading or decumbent, half-herbaceous’
species. (Sp. 10-5). |

10. M. setosum (Harv.) ; suffrutescent ; stems, peduncles, leaves and
calyces setose, with long, simple or tufted hairs ; leaves obovate-cuneate,
tapering to the base, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes inciso-dentate ; stipules
oblong, falcate, spreading; peduncles axillary, 1-2 flowered ; invol.
leaves linear, shorter than the deltoid-acuminate calyx-lobes ; carpels
glabrous, somewhat rugulose. Malva 7321, Drege!

Has. Piquetberg, near Groenekloof, under tooof. Drege / (Herb. Hook., Sond.)

Herbaceous, scarcely at all woody, remarkably hispid, with horizontally patent,
yellowish hairs. The leaves resemble in form those of M. tridactylites ; the sti-
pules are longer, narrower and curved, and the calyx-lobes much more taper
pointed than in that species. Flowers rosy purple ; staminal column very hairy.

11. M. albens (Harv.); sub-herbaceous ; stems and petioles strigose,
with appressed, stellate hairs; leaves cuneate at base, ovate, deeply
3-lobed, the lobes obtuse, inciso-serrate near the point, with scattered
simple hairs on the upper, and stellate hairs on the lower surface ;
stipules oblong, subfaleate ; peduncles axillary, 1-3 flowered; invol.
leaflets linear, obtuse, shorter than the ovate-acuminate, stellato-stri-
gose calyx lobes ; staminal-column quite glabrous ; carpels wrinkled,
glabrous. Malva albens, and M. grossulariefolia, L. Mey.! Herb. Drege.
M. virgata, E. § Z.!! 291! non DC.

Has. Zwartland, Dr. Pappe/ Riebeckskasteel, on hills under 1000f., and at
Groenekloof, Sept.-Nov. Drege / (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.)

Stems scarcely branched, speading or decumbent, covered, but not thickly, with
close pressed, stiff, stellate hairs. Leaves sub-distant, 1 inch long and broad.
Flower stalks short, 1-2 together ; flowers flesh coloured.—Known from allied
species by the glabrous staminal column. ee

12. M. divaricatam (Gray & Harv.); suffruticose, divaricately
branched, thinly stellato-pubescent; leaves petiolate, obtuse at base,
plaited, deeply 3-lobed, the lobes cuneate, inciso-crenate, stellato-pubes-
cent especially on the lower surface, the ribs prominent below ; stipules
ovate or oblong, acute; pedicels axillary, one-flowered ; invol. leaflets
narrow-linear or spathulate, shorter than the taper-pointed calyx-lobes ;
carpels densely setoso-pubescent, rugulose. Malva divaricata, Andr. Rep.
t. 182. DC. Prod. 1. p. 434. H. & Z. 293, non Drege ; also M. oxy-
acanthoides E.& Z.! 291, non Hornm. M. microphylla, E. Mey!

Has. In the great Karroo, near Gauritz River, George ; and between Zwarte-
ruggens and Graaf Reynet, #.d Z./ Uitglugt and Nieweveld, Drege/ (Herb.
Sond.) .

Slightly ligneous at base, herbaceous upwards. Leaves } inch or somewhat
more in length, the upper surface sometimes glabrous or nearly so. M. microphylla, — ee
Drege ! seems to be a very stunted form, more glabrous than usual, with subsessile
flowers. Flowers either white, with a purple spot on each petal, or suffused rosy-

18. M. racemosum (Harv.); sub-herbaceous : ae seen: “a
both surfaces of the leaves, strigose with appressed, stellate, ee

164 MALVACEE (Harv.) [Malvastrum.

leaves obtuse at base, deeply 3-lobed, undulate, the lobes broadly cu-
neate, crenate or incised, plaited ; stipules ovate-oblong, acute ; flowers
in the axils of the upper { depauperated ) leaves, forming a pseudo-raceme,
peduncles 2-3 flowered; invol. leaflets broadly ovate, stellato-pubes-
cent, shorter than the ovate-cuspidate, tomentose or stellate calyx-
lobes ; staminal column lazly hispid ; styles elongate ; carpels gla-
brous. Malva racemosa, E. Mey.! in Herb, Drege.

eek Between Grasberg river and the Waterfall, Tulbagh, Drege / (Herb. Hook.,
Sond.)

A nearly herbaceous plant, said to be 2 feet high. I have sof seen fragments
of what appear to have been diffuse or procumbent branches. e invol. leaflets

are remarkably broad, the rosy flowers crowded about the ends of the branches.
Leaves 1 inch long and broad.

14. M. procumbens (Harv.) ; procumbent, sparingly hairy ; leaves
on long petioles, cordate at base, obtusely 3-lobed, the lobes spreading,
middle one longest, crenate, rough with scattered simple hairs on the
upper, and stellate hairs on the lower surface ; stipules short, reflexed ;
pedicels axillary, 1-2 flowered, shorter than the petiole ; invol. leaflets
narrow linear, obtuse ; calyx lobes deltoid, acuminate ; carpels 9-19,
smooth and convex.

_ Has. Gamke River, Burke & Zeyher! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.)

; - i he
scarcely suffruticose, many from the same crown, widely spreading on t

ground, alternately branched. Leaves about an inch long and broad, on petioles of
their own

. Pubescence scanty and mostly stellate. Flowers pale rose-
colour ; the staminal column hairy.

15. M. dissectum (Harv.) ; suffruticose, procumbent, nearly glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, triangular, tripartite, the middle lobe bipinnatifid, the late-
teral lobes pinnatifid, the segments linear, fleshy, sub-acute ; stipules
ovate-oblong ; pedicels axillary, about as long as the petiole, one
flowered ; invol. leaflets linear, shorter than the acuminate calyx lobes ;
carpels ? Malva asperrima, E. § Z.295! non Jacq.

"ag In sandy, desert places near Kochman’s Kloof, Swell. E.&Z./ (Herb:

Readily known from other Cape species by its multifid leaves, which resemble

tose of a Grielum. The linear pine and = from are scarcely a line broad ; the

whole leaf is 3 inch long, on a petiole of more than half that length. Staminal
column glabrous, or nearly so. Calyx-lobes ciliate.—Perhaps a Spheralcea ?

Group 8. Dusia :—Species imperfectly known.
16. Malva rugosa (Desrous.) ; “ pedicels 1-flowered, solitary, longer
petiole ; invol.

leaflets ovate, acute ; leaves subcordate, pin-
ridged.” DC. Prod. 1. p. 434.

17. Malwa retusa (Cay. Diss. t. 21. f. 1.) ; “ pedicels solitary, longer
_ than the petiole ; invol. leaflets lanceolate ‘ate :
»ichat ca ; leaves oblong, very obtuse,
— —— ler tomentose.” (DC. 1. ¢. p. 434. ae
_, 18. Malva anomala (Link. & Otto. Ic. Pl. select. t. 22.) ; “leaves
compe yn a maile lobe produced, eut ; involucre connate with

ie’ Simei

Spheralcea. | MALVACE (Harv.) 165
_ IV. SPHERALCEA, S. Hil.

Involucel of 3 (or 2) narrow leaflets. Staminal-column antheriferous
at the multifid summit. St¢gmata capitellate, as many as the carpels.
Ovules 2-3 in each carpel. Fruit sub-globose, of many compressed,
two-valved, dehiscing, 2—3-seeded carpels, united in a ring round a
central torus, from which they slowly separate. Gray, Gen. Vol. 2. p.
69. t. 127. Endl Gen. 5272.

Herbaceous or shrubby plants, chiefly natives of North and South America, and
most numerous in Central America. There are at least two, and perhaps three
Cape species, formerly referred to Malva, from which genus the present is known by
its capitellate stigmas and 2-3-ovuled carpels. Leaves often deeplycut. Involucel
frequently of setaceous, deciduous leaflets, but well develo and persistent in
the Cape species. Flowers flesh-coloured or purple, never w. Name, opaipa,
a globe, and alcea, an ancient name of the mallow. :

1. S. elegans (Don, Dict. 1. p. 465.) ; sub-herbaceous, decumbent,
stellato-lanuginous ; leaves deeply three-lobed, or tripartite, the lobes
cuneate, inciso-pinnatifid, undulate, stellato-tomentose, bluntly toothed;
stipules ovate ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered ; invol. leaflets linear,
obtuse, shorter than the bellshaped, densely tomentose calyx, whose segments
are ovate-acuminate ; fruit globose, stellato-pubescent, of 20-25 carpels ;_ .
seeds glabrous. Malva elegans, Cav. Diss. t. 16. f. 3. DC. Prod. 1. p.
435. £.¢Z.! 289; also M. anomala, E. & Z.! 290., M. venosa, E. &
Z.! 287, and M. rugosa, E, & Z, 288, non DC. M. striata, E. Mey. !

Has. Mountains near Tulbagh ; River Zonderende, Assagaiskloof and between
Kochman’s kloof and Gauritz River, Z. & Z./ Near Ezelsfontein and on the Roode-
berg, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Root and bases of stems woody. Stems numerous, procumbent or spreading, 2
feet long or more, not much branched. Leaves rather distant, on petioles of their
own length. Flowers from the axils of the upper leaves, usually on short, simple
stalks, large, pale, with dark purple veins. Calyx cleft midway. Sometimes the
whole plant is white with dense, soft, stellate hairs ; sometimes more glabrous.
Ovules 3 in each carpel ; stigmas minutely capitellate. 5

2. S. Dregeana (Harv.); suffruticose, patently hairy and lanuginose,
with long, sub-simple hairs ; leaves oblong, deeply three-lobed, undu-
late, the terminal lobe longest, inciso-pinnatifid, villoso-lanuginous,
bluntly-toothed ; stipules ovate, acute ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered,
invol. leaflets adnate with the calyx-tube, broadly oblong-lanceolate, calloso-
denticulate, longer than the villous calyx, whose narrow segments are much
acuminate; ovary glabrous, the carpels 2-3 ovuled. Drege, 7323! An-
sodontea Dregeana, Presl, Bot. Bem. p. 18.

_Has. Piquetberg, on stony and rocky table-land, 1-2000 f. Drege/ (Herb. Hook.,

Sond.). ;

heinasbting S. elegans, but readily known by its very different calyx and involucel.
The calyx lobes are nearly lanceolate, and the involucral leaves spring from the
summit of the calyx-tube, and look like an outer row of sepals. The flowers are

smaller than in 8. elegans.

Malwa divaricata, E, Mey.! in Herb. Drege, not of Andrews, appears, by a very
-bad specimen in Herb. Sond., to belong to an undescribed i of Sphaerdliea. Tho

stems are slender and glabrescent ; the leaves oblong, deeply 3-lobed, inciso-pinnatifid

and stellato-tomentose ; the stipules ovate ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, longer
than the leaves ; invol. leaflets adnate, oblongo-lanceolate an longer than the act va

166 MALVACE ( Harv.) [Spharoma.

calyx lobes, and carpels glabrous. Flowers deep purple. Though having many
, as in S. 5 SO a the general aspect is very different. It was found
between Driekoppen and Bloedrivier, 2500-3000 f., in April.

V. SPHEROMA, Harv. (non DC., nec Schl.).

Involucel monophyllous, persistent, 3-cleft. Other characters as in
Spheeralcea. (Lavatere Sp. DC. et auct.)

Suffruticose, or shrubby S. African plants. Leaves alternate, entire or lobed,
toothed, canescent below, stellato-tomentose. Peduncles axillary, 1-2-flowered,
jointed. Flowers rosy purple. The plants referred here differ from Lavatera, m
which they have been generally placed, in having capitellate stigmata and 2-3 ovuled
carpels. ‘From Sphwralcea, to which they are much more nearly allied, they differ
in habit and in the monophyllous involucre ; a character the same as that which sepa-
rates Lavatera from Malva, I employ the rejected name Sphaeroma (from opaipa,
a globe,) once given to the genus now called Spheralcea.

1. §. Julii (Harv.); erect; branches tomentose, and hispid with
scattered, stellate hairs; leaves on long petioles, 5-lobed, the middle lobe
longest, unequally crenate, scabrous on the upper, tomentose, stellato-
pubescent and canescent on the lower surface ; peduncles from the axils

of the upper leaves, 2-3-flowered, densely stellato-pubescent, as are
also the calyx and the deeply and sharply cleft involucel. Lavatera Jult,
Burch. Cat. 2664. DC. Prod. t. p. 438. LL. biflora, E, Mey.!

Has. Banks of Orange River, Drege, Zeyher / Caledon River, Burke! (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) gi :

A tall, coarse growing, half-woody pian, all the younger parts densely tomentose

and hispid ; the stems and u of the leaves afterwards becoming nearly
_ naked. Flowers purple, 1-11 inches across. Involucel very deeply parted, but its
leaflets are confluent at base,

2. 8. prostrata (Harv.); diffuse or “prostrate” Drege); branches
stblinkd-Sousanteee il it-aisteome: an at aes petioles, ob-
long, obtusely 3-lobed, the middle lobe much the longest, the lateral short
or obsolete, crenate, pubescent on the upper, stellato-tomentose, and
canescent on the lower surface; peduncles from the axils of the upper
leaves, stellato-pubescent, as are the calyx and the obtusely trifid mvo-

_tucel. Lavatera prostrata, E. Mey.! =

rostrate, which we should hardly haye guessed from the specimens
A hao ihe lt imperfectly lobulate at base. Flowers ge
| than i pre ing. is mu

isles even ace amallee n var 6. the pubescence is

ye apa tS

inal column antheriferous at its multifid summit.
united in a circle ound a central torus, one-
~15; stigmata capitellate. Fruit of
summit and at length sepa-
pended. nd. Gen. 5289.
123. pe

-
|
|
nee |

ws

Sida. ] MALVACEZ (Harv.) 167

An immense tropical and sub-tropical genus, very variable in aspect. The S.
African species are few and mostly of exotic origin. Leaves entire or lobed, often
penninerved. Pedicels jointed below the summit, solitary, or several together.
Flowers small, yellow, or orange, or white; rarely purple. Name, used by Theo-
phrastus and the early botanists for a plant of this family.

1. §: triloba (Cay. Diss. 1. t. 1. £ 2. and t, 131. £. 1.); suffruticose,
glabrous or nearly so ; leaves on long petioles, cordate, 3-lobed, the upper
ones tripartite, segments lanceolate, acute, coarsely-toothed ; stipules
short, subulate ; pedicels axillary filiform, much longer than the leaves ;

~ealyx-lobes ovate, acute ; carpels 7-8, glabrous, pointless. Jacg. Schoenb.

t.142. DC. Prod. t. p. 466. . £. & Z.! 319. 8. triloba and S. ternata,
Thunb. Sida, 7320, Drege. get:
Has. Frequent in margins of woods and waste places in Uitenhage and Albany,
and in Caffirland. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.). ; ele
Root perennial. Stems woody at base, slender, diffuse, sub-simple or branched.
Lower leaves cordate or reniform, less deeply cut than the upper, with blunt segments.
Flowers pale yellow, small.

2. 8. longipes (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege); shrubby, the branches and
petioles stellato-pubescent; leaves ovate or oblong, acute or obtuse, un-
equally serrate, penninerved, minutely stellato-pubescent, green or
canescent below ; stipules subulate; flowers axillary, on slender pedicels
much longer than the leaves ; calyx downy, with deltoid, acute, one-nerved
segments ; carpels 7-8, pubescent, pointless. S. longipes and S, spinosa,
E. Mey.! SS. capensis, E. & Z., non Car.

‘A Ha Uitenhage and Caffirland, Drege! EZ. & Z./ Natal, Dr. Sutherland. (Herb.
“Wery like some varieties of S. rhombifolia, and only to be essentially distinguished
by the carpels. The pedicels are pro de Mee cage the leaves an ade on short

petioles,

3. 8. rhombifolia (Linn.); shrubby, branches and _ petioles stellato-
pubescent; leaves rhomboid or oblong-oval, cuneate at base, crenate-_
toothed, penninerved, glabrescent above, canescent on the lower side ;
stipules filiform, deciduous ; flowers axillary, solitary or clustered, on
short or long pedicels ; calyx scaberulous, with deltoid, acute, nerved
segments ; carpels 9-10, smooth, minutely bicuspidate. DC. Prod. 1. p.
402. E.&Z. 317. Sida capensis, KE. Mey.! Cav. Ic. t. 12. f. 3.

long or lanceolate, obtuse, unequally toothed, penninerved, the petiole —
_— at base with a hooked spur; stipules linear ; flowers axillary, pe- —
5

cellate ; calyx villous, with deltoid, acute, nerved segments ; carpels . ce

, rugose, bicuspidate DC. Prod, 1. 460.
Has. Vahl River, Burke/ (Herb. Hook.). _ f fees ae
Resembles 8. rhombifolia in aspect, but readily known by the rigid hook at the

base of the leaf-stalk. A common weed in tropical countries. =

168 MALVACEH (Harv.) [A butilon.

5. §. cordifolia (Linn.); shrubby, branches and petioles villous ; leaves
ovate or cordate, obtuse, penninerved, crenate, velvetty, canescent below;
stipules filiform, deciduous ; flowers axillary, solitary or clustered, on
short pedicels ; calyx tomentose, with deltoid, acute, nerved segments ;
carpels 9-10, wrinkled and netted, dorsally armed with two long, rigid
bristles. DC. Prod. 1.p. 464. Sida velutina, E. Mey.!

Has. Port Natal, Drege! Miss Owen, Gueinzius, &c. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Flowers small, buff-coloured or orange, either on axillary pedicels or oftener

crowded on short, axillary branchlets, with or without leaves, Common throughout
the tropics.

VII. ABUTILON. Tourn.

Involucel none. Ovary of 5-20 or more carpels, closely united in a
circle round a central torus ; ovules 3-9 in each carpel. Stigmas capi-
tate. Fruit of numerous follicular, membranous, 3-6 seeded. carpels,
dehiscing by the ventral suture and sub-persistent. Hndl. Gen. 5292-
A. Gray, Gen. Vol. 2. p. 65. t. 125, 126.

Herbs, shrubby plants or tall shrubs, common throughout the tropics, the whole
plant generally clothed with soft, velvetty hairs, sometimes also tomentose and
stellate-hairy. Leaves on long petioles, cordate, sub-entire or angular. Flowers —

Titec cated Beans Se

axillary, yellow or orange. Sida as well by habit, as by the nume-

. The name is of unknown origin or meaning.

1. A. Sonneratianum (Cav. Diss. t. 6.f. 4); stems and petioles vel-
vetty and villous; leaves cordate, acuminate, or 3-angled, repand, or
unequally crenate, velvetty on both surfaces, canescent on the lower ;
stipules setaceous ; pedicels longer than the leaves ; calyx segments
oblong-ovate, acuminate ; carpels g-10, truncate, obtuse, stellato-pubescent.
DC. Prod. t. p. 470. E.§ Z. 318. S. Asiatica, Thunb. Cap. p. 548.
Drege, 7332, 7333-

Var. 8. prostrata; small, prostrate, leaves obtusely 3-angled, quite
entire. S, prostrata, E. Mey.

_Has. Woods and waste places, in the eastern districts, Caffraria and Natal.
(Herb. T.C.D.)

The whole plant is softly velvety; the younger stems and branches are also
_ ¢lothed with long, soft, spreading, deciduous hairs. Stem 1-2 feet high. Flowers
_ yellow, an inch across. Carpels inflated, either quite obtuse, or slightly mucronate.
= A native also of tropical Asia, and often confounded with th
28 A.

; e following.

= 2. indicum (G. Don); stems and petioles more or less velvetty
d villous ; leaves cordate, acuminate, 3-5 angled or somewhat lobed,
BOS ean Some glabrescent on the upper, velvetty and canes-

Jower surface ; stipules setaceous, reflexed, deciduous ;

pedun es axillary, one-flowered, longer than the petioles ; calyx lobes

, cate, er Geek elvetty and canescent, carpels 10-20, or more, trun-

. indubi Ttee DC. oe manate or cuspidate, stellato-pubescent. Sida
in the cugy Mal. Dr. Grant. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.)

and more hairy than in S.

SEES

EE

=

ee

A

Pavonia.| MALVACE (Harv.) 169

have seen other scraps of Abutila from Caffirland which look different from either
form, but are too imperfect for description. 4. indicwm is found throughout the
tropics of both hemispheres.

VIII. PAVONIA. Cav.

Involucel 5-15 leaved, persistent. Staminal column naked and 5-
toothed at the apex, bearing stamens on its external surface, below the
summit. Ovary of 5 carpels united round a central axis; styles confluent
below, to-cleft above ; stigmata ten, capitate. Fruit of 5 indehiscent,
one-seeded carpels. Hndl.Gen. No. 5275. A. Gray, Gen. 2. p. 75. t. 130.

Shrubs, suffrutices or herbs, chiefly tropical and sub-tropical. A large genus,
variable in habit, chiefly American, with a few out-lying Asiatic and African species.
Flowers yellow, white or red, often handsome. Name in hononr of Don José Pavon,
a Spanish botanist, and one of the authors of the Flora Peruviana.

Group 1. Lepretonts. Jnvolucel of 5, rarely of 6 leaflets. (Sp. 1-3.)

1. P. macrophylla (E. Mey.!); stem and branches hispid with long,
patent, stiff hairs; leaves on long hairy petioles, deeply cordate at base,

— 5-angled and somewhat 5-lobed, with shallow, rounded interspaces,

coarsely crenato-dentate, laxly villous on the upper, stellato-pubescent

- on the lower surface ; stipules linear; peduncles axillary, elongate, one-
_ flowered ; invol. of 5-6 broadly ovate, fringed, connate leaflets; calyx
membranous, villous. Pentameris macrophylla, E. Mey.! Pavonia
Kraussiana, Hochst. in Walp. Rep. 5. 90. P. acuminata, Pl. Schimp.!
- £. erenata, and Urena mollis. Hochst. Pl. Schimp.

_ Has. Eastern districts and Port Natal, Zeyher’ Drege! Krauss! Sand River and
Macallisberg, Burke § Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.)
Herbaceous, tall and free growing, more hairy than tomentose. Leaves 2-3 inches

long, equally broad, and either angled or lobed, the terminal lobe acuminate. The

upper leaves are sometimes ovate, acuminate. Flowers flesh-coloured or rosy. Invol.
leaflets more or less united at base, and in one of Burke’s specimens united into a
monophyllous, 5-cleft in al plant is common to the warmer parts of the
colony and to the country d east of the frontier. It occurs also in Abyssinia,
whence we have it under t names! Anoda cordifolia, E. Mey./ in Herb.
Drege, is another of its aliases. eae See

Has. In thickets near Port Natal, Drege! Gueinzius! (Herb, Hook., T.C.D.,

3. P. mollis (E. Mey. 1); stem and branches hairy-tomentose ; leavee
on long, villous petioles, sub-cordate at base, with 5 short, deltoid, acuts
lobes and rounded interspaces, coarsely and unequally toothed, 5-7-

nerved, puberulous on the upper, velvetty and canescent on the lower ce

surface ; stipules setaceous ; flowers axillary or in axillary, leafy racemes
invol. of 5-6 linear leaflets ; calyx villous, diaphanous, its segments 3
ribbed. Althea B t, E. & Z.! No. 300, : ee

170 MALVACE (Harv.) [ Hibiscus.

Has. About the Kat River settlement, E&Z.! S. Africa, Drege/ Albany, Mrs.
F. W. Barber! Natal, Gueinzius! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.). ,

Herbaceous, tall and branching, softly hairy, with velvetty leaves, 3 inches in
diameter. Flowers in our specimens on axillary, short racemose branches, with de-
pauperated leaves 4-3 inch long. Flowers white or rosy, on short pedicels.

Group 2. Evpavonta. Involucel of 10-14 leaflets.

4. P. premorsa (Willd. Sp 3. p. 833); young branches tomentose 5,
leaves petiolate, broadly obovate or flabelliform, truncate, obtusely
dentate, 3-5-nerved, scabrous on the upper, canescent on the lower sur-
face ; stipules setaceous ; pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, longer than the
leaves ; invol. of 12-14 very narrow, linear leaflets ; calyces canescent,
segments ovate, acute. DC. Prod. 1. p.444. E. & Z. 302. Jacy. Le.
Rar. t. 141. Cav. Diss.3.t. 41.f-1. Bot. Mag. t. 436.

rex Bushy hills in Uitenhage and Albany, common. (Herb. T.C-D., Hook.,
nd.).

A moderate sized shrub, with patent, straight, rod-like branches. Leaves about
an inch long and broad, very constant in their form and pubescence ; petiole much
shorter a Shien ta tbat bright yellow with a dark centre. Carpels downy,
with a dorsal ridge. Ecklon and Zeyher’s var. B. has leaves thrice as large as usual,

¥

_1. &. calycinus (Willd. Sp. 3. p.
to-,

led, cre

meee ee: asaememeemmnans

_. laris, E. Mey./ according to the single specimen
~ having a gland in the middle of each calyx lobe ; but traces of a similar gland may

Hibiscus.] MALVACES (Harv.) 171

2. H. Ludwigii (E. & Z. No. 312); shrubby ; the slender branches
and petioles softly pubescent ; leaves petiolate, cordate at base, 5-angled,
or with 5 shallow, deltoid, acute lobes, the middle one longest, crenate,
rough with scattered hairs ; peduncles axillary, shorter than the petiole;
densely setose ; invol. of 5, broadly lanceolate, many-nerved leaflets,
longer than the calyx ; capsule ovate-acuminate, densely setose. H. ca-
lycularis, H. Mey.! .

Hat. Forest of Krakakamma, and at the Kat River, #. d Z.! Drege! (Herb.

¥
A tall, slightly branched, slender shrub, sometimes (according to Ecklon) rising
above the tops of the surrounding trees, and mee 4 them gay with the abundance
of its golden-yellow flowers. It bears the name of the late mv. Ludwig, of
Capetown, a munificent patron of botany and horticulture, whose beautiful garden
of Ludwigsburg, now obliterated, was, for many years, one of the attractions of
Capetown. Se meshes
** Involucel 8-10-14 or many-leaved. Seeds glabrous. Root perennial ; stems shrubby,
suffruticose or herbaceous, (Sp. 3-12.)
3. H. diversifolius (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 551); herbaceous or suffruticose;
branches, petioles and nerves of the leaves armed with sharp-pointed,
hard tubercles ; lower leaves deeply 3—5-lobed, unequally toothed, upper
elliptic-oblong or lanceolate, toothed or jagged ; flowers in terminal or
axillary racemes, the pedicels very short and bristly ; invol. of many, rigid,
subulate leaflets, shorter than the densely setose, tapering calyx-lobes.
DC. Prod. 1.p.449. Bot. Reg. t. 381. H. ficulneus, Cav. Dis. t. 51. f, 2.
E.d& Z.! 313. H. macularis, E. Mey.!
_Has. Near the Zwartkops River, Uitenhage, Z. & Z./ Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., 4, Fi, Qoutl
Hook., Sond.). otut Viele
A stout, coarse-growing plant, 6-8 feet high, very harsh, rough and prickly. PeAue “um
Branches ending in pseudo-racemes of large, yellow, dark-centred flowers. H. macw- \lng.. Qin.
imen we have seen, seems only to differ in OL

often be detected in the common form. = Z
4. H. ricinifolius (E. Mey !) ; herbaceous, innly soe cent 5.
etioles prickly ; leaves on long petioles, palmately 5—7 lobed,

ne tally serrete, glabrescent, sprink

acuminate alaeply and wneq Te &
trifid hairs an prickles ; peduncles elongate, jointed be

patently pubescent ; invol. of 9-10 narrow-linear, ciliate le
shorter than the ovate-acuminate, thin, hispidulous calyx-lobes ; cap-
sule sub-globose, laxly setose ; seeds glabrou: 8. HI. ricinoides, Garke !

. Near Po , Drege! (Herb. Sond.) | .
; set with a fewsmall prickles and thinly sprinkled with soft
as, yellow, with adark purple centre.—Of this I have onl
may be merely a glabrescent form of H. vitifolius, wii

(6. HL persicifolius (RygQY. No. 305.) ; stem shrubby, glabrescent,
B nhe ss - tubercles ; petioles hispid ; leaves linear- —
glistantly callous-toothed, midribbed

iid penninerved, nearly is ; Stipules setaceous ; peduncles shorter’
than the leaves ; invol. 2 sybulate leaflets, shorter than the ovato-
lanceolate, acuminate, coriaegous ‘calx-lobes, which, as well as the

»n-yellow echinate tubercles

eo - -mentose and hispid avi

172 MALVACER (Harv.) _——[Hitbiscus.

Has. In the Great Karroo, between Graaf Reynet and Uitenhage, BE. & Z.!
(Herb. Sond.) aS. Sth ee

Apparently a branching shrub, nearly glabrous except on the oles, pedunctes
and calyx, which latter are thinly covered with prominent, glandular-bristly-tuber- _
cles, like miniature hedgehogs. Leaves 3-4 inches long, 4 inch broad, Flowers
said to be purplish. I have only seen a single, imperfect specimen.

6. H. mutabilis (Linn.) ; stellato-tomentose, without prickles ; leaves
on long petioles, subcordate at base, acutely 5-7-angled or somewhat
lobed, unequally toothed ; peduncles fromthe. axils of the upper
leaves elongate, jointed below the flower ; invol. of 8—10 linear-leaflets, __
half as long as the ovate-acuminate, 5-nerved calyx-lobes ; corolla ex-
panded. DC. Prod. 1. p. 452. Bot. Reg. t. 589.

Has. South Africa, (probably Natal,) Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.)

A large shrub or small tree, more or less tomentose. Leaves 3-4 inches long,
and broad. Flowers crowded round the ends of the branches, large and hand-
some ; white when they first open in the morning, reddish at noon, and bright-
crimson towards evening. It is a native of India and China, and has long been

_ cultivated in English hot-houses. Its South African habitat is questionable.

7. H. physaloides (Guill, & Per. Fl. Sen. p. 52.) ; herbaceous, tall ;
stem, petioles and peduncles tomentose, and hispid with long, patent,
Sub-simple hairs ; leaves on long petioles, cordate at base, 5-angled or _
5-lobed, the lobes deltoid-acuminate or cuspidate, crenate, velvetty 0D
the upper, tomentose and somewhat hispid on the lower surface ; pe-
duncles elongate, axillary or in a terminal pseudo-raceme ; invol. of 10

eee patent or reflexed, curved leaflets half as long as the

above the middle ; invol. of 10-12 mi-
much shorter than the semi-quinquefid,
ules acuminate, hispid ; seeds glabrous.
Macallisberg, Burke & Zeyher | (Herb. Hook.

sg

Bus =e Cat. No. 1481.! * ia 6

MALVACEH (Harv.) 173

Ne

the lobes very ehord ‘obtuse and unequally crenate, the ribs and veins pro-

—_ Iinent onthe lower surface ; flowers axillary, several crowded toge-

- D>. ther, on very short pedicels ; invol, of 10-12 linear, tomentose, acute

leaflets half as ‘long as the bell-shaped, shortly s-lobed calyx. DC.

Prod. 5. p- 447. K& i Z.! 309. enone, Burch ? Trav. 1. p.

Has. Karroo, between Beaufort arid Graaf Reynet, E. ¢ Z./ Mrs. F. W. Barber !

_ Brack Rivier, Burke! (Herb. T.O.D., Hook., Sond.)
vipat sagen ts at, very rough in all parts. Flowers deep crimson,
hands opening ‘throughout the whats summer,

10. H pataneiatel (Cav. Dis. t. 66. f. 2.) ; shrubby, laxly stellato-
hispid, rough ; branches slender ; leaves on short or longish petioles,
3—5-lobed, the lobes obtuse, the middle one longest, unequally toothed ;
peduncles axillary, many times longer than the leaves, one-flowered ;
invol, of 8~r0 linear-lanceolate leaflets, equalling or exceeding the cus-
pidate calyx-lobes ; capsule pubescent, seeds smooth. DOC. Prod. 1.
446. E.d Z. 310. Bot. Reg. t. 231. Thunb. Cap. p. 549. H. Kraus-
sianus, Buching. in Walp. Rep. 5. p. 91.

Has. In woods and on hill sides. Galgebosche, Thunberg, Drege / Uitenhage,
£. & Z.! Port Natal, Dr. Sutherland. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A graceful shrub, 2-4 feet high, with erect branches and distant leaves. The leaves
are usually as above described, but the lobes are sometimes shallow or obsolete. The
long flowerstalk is a constant mark. The flowers are deep rosy red, 1} inch long,
campanulate and slightly nodding.

11. H. Meyeri (Harv.) ; shrubby, slender ; branches straight, stri-
gose with pred stellate bristles ; leaves (small) on short petioles, 3-
nerved, ovate-oblong, obtuse, unequally toothed and somewhat 3-lobed,
the lateral lobes very short, appressedly stellato-pubescent ; stipules seta-
ceous, rigid ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaves, jointed below
the flower ; : invol. of about 10 linear-subulate pubescent leaflets, shorter

_ than the deltoid-acuminate calyx lobes ; sole smooth.
H. microphyllus, E. Mey.! (non Vahl). Cee

isa tendency to
reminds us of come wupe L for:
12. H. leiospermus (1 Tarv. aenck cred he bi: plans except the
petals densely setose with stiff, ype stellate hairs ; leaves oval-ob-
long, 5-nerved, entire or 2-3-toothed near the point, on short petioles;
stipules subulate ; flowers axillary, pedunculate ; involucre of about 10
subulate leaflets, "nearly as long as the acuminate calyx-lobes ; —
and seeds glabrous. ; .
_— South —, Burke! ai Hook.)

Bs — i and io Flowers 1 inch

174 MALVACE® (Harv.) _ (Hibiscus.

*** Involucel 8-12 leaved. Seeds woolly, hairy, silky or pubescent. Root peren-
nial; stem shrubby or fruticulose. (Sp. 13-18.)

13. H. exthiopieus (Linn.); dwarf, stellato-hispid ; stems curved,
decumbent, subsimple ; leaves longer than their petioles, elliptic-obo-
vate, elliptical or oblong, sub-truncate, 5-7-toothed or sub-entire, 3-5-
nerved, stellately hispid, especially on the ribs and at the margin ; sti-
pules narrow-linear, herbaceous; peduncles axillary, mostly longer
than the leaf, hispid and jointed below the flower ; invol. of 10-12
narrow-lanceolate or subulate, ciliate leaflets, shorter than the acumi-
nate, laxly setose and ciliate calyx-lobes ; capsules nearly glabrous, »
the seeds minutely pubescent. DC. Prod. 1. p. 451. Log Z1 393- Cav.
Dis. t. 61. f. 1. Thunb. Fl. Cup. 548. aot”

®

Var. 8. ovatus; caulescent, leaves elliptical or ellipti¢-ovate, sub-
entire, laxly hispid or glabrescent. H. ovatus, EH. & Z.! 304- Cav.
Dis. t. 50. f. 3? Drege! 95t1.

Var. y. helvolus; caulescent ; flowers orange ; leaves broadly ellip-
tical or oblong, hispid; invol. leaflets often lanceolate. #H. helvolus,
H. dlipticus, and H. propinquus, E. Mey. ! H. asperifolius E. & Z.! 306.

Var. 8. diversifolius; leaves varying from obovate to ovate, lan-
ceolate or linear, on the same stem; smaller and more glabrous than

_ the other varieties. H. ovatus, 8. angustifolius, E. § Z. 1 304, 6 parte.

Drege, 7327 |
& Has. On grassy hills thro tthe Colony, and extending to Port Natal. (Herb.
one TO. D.; Hook., in aye = olony, and exte: Z 0! 243
eh) er) small suffruticose perennial, 3-6 inches, or rarely a foot high, and mostly pro-
: tr "02 eumbent ; varying greatly in pubescence and in the form of its leaves. the

above qoatert syncs nonyms Meyer's H. helvolus is the most unlike the ordinary form,
but through H. ellipticus and propinguus it is brought near H. ovatus, E. &Z., and
80 passes into the common ethiopicus. Var. 5, is from ct ghey and much de-
pauperated. Flowers (except in var. -y.) bright yellow, with a dark centre.

_ W& EH malacospermus (E. Mey.); dwarf, stellato-hispid: stem
curved, sub-simple ; leaves i oe ag ase and narrow, linear ot
: tinear-lanceolate, entire, or remotely toothed and cut, prominently 3-5-
ribbed, the ribs and margins stellato-hispid ; stipules linear-subulate,
rigid, spreading ; peduncles axillary, elongate, hispid and jointed be-
_ Tow the flower; invol. of 10-12 subulate, strongly 3-ribbed ciliate
ets, more than half as long as the setose, acuminate calyx-lobes ;
es nearly glabrous, seeds densely albo-tomentose. H. malacosper-
HE. tridentatus, E.| Mey.! H. microcarpus, Garke. Kostelets-

! Bull. Mosc. 1858. p. 192. 3

bd Ps

Port Natal, Drege / Miss Owen / Modder-river and
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond:). es
but a larger, stronger and more rigid plant ; the

Seeds

Hibiscus. < MALVACEE (Harv.) 175

why Turczaninow has referred this plant to Kosteletskya ; of which it does not pos-
sess the solitary seeds.

15. H. pusillus (Thunb. Cap. p. 550.) ; dwarf, hispid or glabres-
cent; stems decumbent, sub-simple; leaves on short petioles, poly-
morphous (ovate, or tricuspidate, or 3-lobed, or tripartite) sharply and
coarsely serrate, rigid, nearly glabrous, with prominent nerves and veins,
coarsely reticulate; stipules setaceo-subulate, spreading; peduncles
axillary, longer than the leaves, jointed below the flower; involucre of
about 10 subulate leaflets, half as long as the acuminate, stellato-pu-
bescent calyx-lobes ; capsules glabrous, seeds woolly. Harv. Thes. t. 73.
H. gossypinus, L, & Z. ! 307, non Thunb. H. serratus, B. Mey. !

Has. Near the Zwartkops and Sondag rivers, Uit. LZ. @Z./ Graaf Reynet and
Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber! Macallisberg, Burke / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Root thick and | voody, throwing up several stems 6-12 inches long or more ; the
larger specimens branching. Leaves 1-1} inch long, extremely variable in shape
and cutting, but always thick and rigid and sharply toothed ; rarely stellato-pubes-
cent, mostly sub-glabrous. The flowers are rather large, crimson or deep rosy-purple,
rarely varying to orange or yellow, and appear throughout the summer.

16. H. atromarginatus (E. & Z.! No. 308.) ; laxly hispid or gla-
brescent ; branches slender, virgate ; leaves petiolate, 3-5 parted, with
narrow, linear-lanceolate or cuneate, entire or jagged or pinnatifid lobes ;
stipules setaceous, stiff; peduncles axillary, many times longer than
the leaves, one-flowered ; invol. of 10-12 subulate, rigid, pungent,
leaflets, half as long as the linear-lanceolate, acuminate calyx-lobes ;
seeds clothed with long, silky hairs. H. lasiospermus, E, Mey. H. macro-
calyx, Garke !

Has. Caffirland £. 4 Z./ Drege! Crocodile River and Macallisberg, Burke.
Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber / Natal, Miss Owen / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A graceful suffrutex, with distant, digitate leaves and large flowers on long pe-
duncles. The petals are either yellow, or purple, or pale with dark purple bases.
E. & Z. say that the leaves have black nt, whence the specific name ; this
character may be obvious on the living plant, but is not so on our dried specimens.

17. H. gossypinus (Thunb. Cap. p. 549.) ; shrubby, the rod-like
branches and short resins densely setose baci Ei pt rigid hairs ;
leaves ovate or elliptical, obtuse, serrulate, pubescent on the upper, to-
mentose on the lower surface ; stipules setaceous ; peduncles axillary,
longer than the leaves, jointed and swollen below the flower, densely

tomentose ; invol. of 10-12 filiform, hairy leaflets, shorter than the
lanceolate, rufo-tomentose calyx lobes ; capsule obtuse ; seeds clothed
with long hairs. DC. Prod. 1 p. 453. H. ferrugineus, E, & Z.! an
Cav.? H.fuscus,Garkel

Has. Near the Luris River, Thunberg/ Kat River, £.d Z./ South Africa,
Drege! Port Natal, Gueinzius! Sanderson! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) .

A tall shrub, with long, straight, simple branches; the pubescence generally __
dark red-brown. Flowers small, yellow ; the petals externally stellate-hairy. eos

176 MALVACE (Harv.) [ Hibiscus.

duneles axillary, solitary, as long as the leaves; invol. of 10-12 narrow-
linear, piloso-ciliate leaflets twice as long as the ovate-acuminate calyx lobes;
capsule depressed, transversely rigid and furrowed, glabrous, the seeds pu-
berulous.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius! (Herb. Hook., Sond.)

Stems many from the same crown, spreading, alternately branched. Leaves
scarcely an inch long, on petioles of their own length. Flowers small, reddish buff
colour (“‘ rosy” Sond.). Very like Pavonia odorata, Willd., but besides differing
generically, it wants the glandularly viscid pubescence of that species.

**** Tnvolucel many leaved. Root annual. (Sp. 19-22.)

19. H. Trionum (Linn.) ; annual, hairy ; leaves polymorphous, mostly
deeply 3-5 lobed or partite, the segments coarsely toothed and incised,
the lower leaves (sometimes all the leaves) ovate or oblong, less densely
cut or simply toothed; peduncles axillary ; ‘involucels of about 10
nartrow-linear, hairy and ciliate leaflets ; calyces 5-angled, inflated,
becoming bladdery after flowering, the segments broadly ovate, blunt,
with many-hispid nerves ; capsules many-seeded, hispid, seeds smooth.
DC. Prod. 1. p.453. Cav. Diss. t. 64. f. 1. 2.3. Bot. Mag. t. 209.

_ Var. a. hispidus ; lower leaves deeply 3-lobed, upper 3-5 parted,
incised. DC.lc. #.& Z./ ex parte !
Var. 8. ternatus ; leaves mostly tripartite.
mae) Bay hu | hy Var. y. cordifolius; lower leaves roundish-cordate, upper tripartite
CH, pusillus, BE. & Z. ! 314. non Thunb.
Var. 6. hastefolius ; leaves hastate, 3-lobed, the middle lobe very
long. H. hasteefolius, E. Mey !
Var. ¢. cordatus ; all the leaves roundish cordate, obtuse, dentate.
H. uniflorus, E. Mey !
Var. @ lanceolatus ; all the leaves ovato-lanceolate, serrate. ZH.
physodes, E. Mey f
Has. In waste, d and in ri i lony,
Caftaris ad Port Natal common, (He. TOD, Sony beeen

A common sub-tropical weed, with handsome primrose-coloured or buff flowers,

belt siead atpas” velvetty centre. The species is best known by its bladdery,

_ 20 H. cannabinus (Linn.); annual, nearly glabrous; stem and petioles
prickly; leaves on long petioles, palmately 5-7-parted, the segments
tan eclate, acute, serrulate, the middle nerve with a gland at base ;
: flowers (large) ile, axillary ; involucel of g-10 subulate, bristly

eatiets half as long as the calyx lobes, which are deltoid-acuminate,
_ Dristiy or prickly, and each having a large medial gland ; capsule globose,
oe » Very hairy, seeds glabrous. DOC. Prod. 1.p.450. W. & A.
Prod. p. 50. my ». Corom. t. 190, Cav. Diss. t. 52. f. 1.

nsameulo and Omcomas, and towards Port Natal, Drege/ (Herb.

ige like that of Hemp, and large white flowers, with a dark
uch culti vated in India for ite ae Se “ahigeine as a vege-

e branches, peduncles,

mma

ie ng ag RO ee

Paritiwm.| MALVACE (Harv.) 177

petioles, and nerves of the leaves armed with hooked tubercles ; leaves
deeply 5-lobed, the upper ones 3-lobed, nearly glabrous, unequally
toothed ; stipules lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered ; invol. of
many spathulate leaflets, each furnished in front with an inflexed, subulate
appendix ; calyx lobes deltoid-acuminate, with a densely setose mid-rib.
DC. Prod. t.p.449. H.hamatus, E. Mey.!
Has. Port Natal, —— Sod f., Drege! (Herb. Hook.). ie
: i t we have seen are ir » but unmistakeabl

able bo lids citicne Tatiana apacier: “Misweek yell ge ss race

22. §. Surattensis (Linn); annual; the branches, peduncles and
petioles armed with hooked tubercles ; leaves deeply 5-lobed, with lan-
ceolate, toothed lobes ; stipules broadly semi-cordate, clasping the stem ;
peduncles axillary, one-flowered ; invol. of many spathulate leaflets, each
furnished in front with an inflexed, subulate appendix ; calyx-lobes
deltoid, acuminate, with a densely setose mid-rib. DC. Prod. 1. p. 449.
Bot. Mag. t. 1356. HH. hypoglossum, EL. Mey.!

Has. Port Natal, Drege? Sanderson’ Dr. Grant} (Herb. Hook.).

Chiefiy distinguished from H. furcatus by the shape and size of the stipules.
Flowers yellow with a deep red or purple centre. The curious form of involucral
leaflets which marks these two species may be referred to what is called, ‘* dedupli-
cation,” and its occurrence in Malvaces, where the stamens (as Dr. Gray has ably —
shown) are developed in a similar way, is not without significance.

X. PARITIUM. A. Juss.

Involucel monophyllous, 10-12 cleft or toothed. Petals and Staminal
tube as in Hibiscus. Ovary 5-celled, each cell partially divided into two
by a spurious, parietal dissepiment ; ovwles numerous. Capsule 5-celled,
: cells imperfectly bilocular. Hndl. Gen. 5283. Hibisci Sp., DC. et —

Tropical trees or shrubs, with cordate, entire or lobed leaves, glandular on the :
under surface. Stipules broad, ovate. Flowers yellow, with dark centre. The inner
bark affords a strong fibre, suitable for many textile ] for cordage and paper.
Cuba “bast” is the product of one of this genus. The name Paritiwm is an altera-
tion of Pariti, the native name of these plants in India, fide Rheede, Hort. Mal. 1,
t. 30. oe

1. P. tiliaceum (S. Hil. Fl. Braz. 1. p. 198); a tree ; leaves on long ©
petioles, roundish-cordate, with a sudden acumination, quite entire or
crenulate, 5—7-nerved, glabrous on the upper, velvetty and canescent on
the lower surface ; stipules ovate, deciduous ; flowers in terminal cymes;
involucel r1o-toothed. Hibiscus tiliaceus, Linn. DC. Prod. 1. p. 454.
Cav. Diss. 3.t. 55. Bot. Reg. t.232. Wight, Ic.t. 7.

. Mouth of the Omsamcaba, Drege! Port Natal, 7. Williamson,

An umbrageous tree; 20-30 feet igh, with a round head, and leaves not unlike
those of the lime tree in form, but of a thick, leathery substance, pale and softly

we panicles, yellow, with a dark, purplish-brown centre.

velvetty ath. Flowers either from the axils of the terminal leaves, or in cymoi Sep ee

te. - STERCULIACEE (Harv.) [Sterculi

| OrpveR XXI. STERCULIACEA, Vent.
a (By W. H. Harvey.)

(Sterculiacex, Vent. Malm. 2. 91. Endl. Gen. No. ccx. Lindl. Veg.
Kingd. No. cxxvi. Bombacex, DC, Prod. 1. p. 475.)

Flowers mostly regular, frequently unisexual and apetalous. Calyx
5—7-fid, with valvate estivation. Petals 5 or none, convolute. Stamens
indefinite, monadelphous ; anthers two-celled, opening outwards. Ovary
of 3-5 carpels, separate or united in a plurilocular pistil; ovules nume-
rous or definite, axile; styles more or less confluent. Frwit various ; a
capsule or berry, or of several follicles, dehiscent or indehiscent. Seeds
with fleshy albumen or exalbuminous, and a straight or curved embryo,
with plaited or flat cotyledons.

Trees, often of vast size, rarely shrubs, glabrous or with stellate pubescence. Leaves
alternate, simple or digitately compound, with deciduous stipules or. exstipulate.

_ Flowers in some large and conspicuous ; in others small and green.

‘Nearly related, in character, to the Malvacee, from which these plants are tech-
nically distinguished Bae bilocular anthers, opening outwards. The habit is, how-
ever very different. Order is almost exclusively tropical, with the exception of
a few Sterculias found in New Holland, and the solitary South African represen-
tative. In the tropics the Adansonia (or Baobab), the Silk Cotton Tree (Bombax
Ceiba), and others are among the grandest objects of the vegetable world. They are

% more remarkable for beauty than for useful products. The Durian, the most deli-

cious but stinking fruit of the Mala; is yielded by a tree of this Order,
Doraitahaes y peninsula, is yiel y a 0

2 J. STERCULIA, L.

Flowers unisexual, without petals, Calyx coloured, campanulate or
tubular, 5-7 cleft or parted; the segments leathery. Males: staminal-
tube shorter or longer than the calyx, solid, bearing anthers at the 5-
10-toothed extremity; anthers adnate, extrorse, 2-celled. Female: sta-
manal-tube adnate to the carpophore, the abortive anthers surrounding
the base of the ovary, Ovary stipitate, of 5 connivent or partially
_ connate carpels : styles more or less united; ovules numerous. Follicles
_ § or fewer, leathery or ligneous, few or many-seeded. Endl. Gen. No.

5320. DC. Prod. 1. p. 481.

Tropical trees, common to both hemispheres, but most numerous in Asia and
Mirica. Leaves alternate, petiolate, simple or digitately compound, Stipules deci-
> ohh daamegtd or sub-terminal ; flowers red, yellow, or parti-

ri (Harv.); leaves digitately compound, quinate ; leaf-

se, mucronulate, acute at 5 om laa reticulate ;

d, shorter than the petiole ; calyx campanulate, 5—7-
ee 8, Se ee ee
ey, near Uitenhage, Dr. Alexander Prior! (Herb. —

BYTTNERIACE (Harv.) 179

obsolete mucron, towards the base narrowed or cuneate. Allied to S. fetida, but
differing in the obtuse not acuminate leaflets ; in the short not elongate racemes ;
and in the downy not tomentose inner surface of the calyx. No one seems to have
met with it but Dr. Alexander Prior, who found but a solitary tree, in a narrow
kloof, somewhere among the Van Staaden Mts.; a locality rich in interesting plants,
and probably still concealing other novelties.

OrpER XXII. BYTTNERIACEZ, RB. Br.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Byttneriacex, R. Br. DC. Prod. 1. p. 481. Endl. Gen, No. cexl.
Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. exxvii.} satin

Flowers regular. Calyx 4-5 cleft or parted, with valvate wstivation.
Petals as many as the calyx lobes, clawed, with twisted (or indupli-
cate-valvate) zestivation, or none. ‘Stamens hypogynous, sometimes as
many as the petals and opposite to them, sometimes twice or several
times as many, some barren and opposite the sepals ; filaments united
at base or into a cup or tube ; anthers two-celled, introrse. Ovary of
4—I0 (rarely of one) carpels united round a central column ; ovules in
pairs, axile ; style single, stigmas as many as the carpels. ’ Fruit cap-
sular, rarely indehiscent. Seeds albuminous, with a straight or curved
embryo.

Trees, shrubs, or undershrubs, rarely herbaceous, with stellate pubescence. ~Leaves
alternate, simple, penninerved or palmate Reeve, entire or pinnatifid, stipulate.
Flowers variously arran:

Natives of the tropics of both hemispheres, extending into the warmer parts of the
temperate zone, and particularly abundant in Australia and South Africa. This
Order is nearly allied to Sterculiacex, from which it chiefly differs in its introrse, not
extrorse, anthers. From Malvacez it is known by the definite stamens, and bilocular _
anthers ; and from Tiliacee ice the monadelphous stamens. All these Orders are
separated by minor characters, and might, without violence, be united. The most
important product of the present group is Cacao, from which chocolate is prepared, —
and which is yielded 5 ee ee Theobroma.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

Sub-order 1. HerMannte&. Stamens Ss ‘opposite the pias, slightly
connate at base; no barren stamens.
i L Walthrin Ovary unequaled, cunilocular ; ae Wen: Capsule one-
Il. ia.— Ovary “g-velled. Filaments flat, broadly linear, oblong, or
— ee i
Aa III. pce Paty s-celled. Filaments abruptly dilated in the middle (or
shaped like a cross). Capsule 5-celled, many-seeded.

‘Sub-order 2. Dompeyacem. Stamens 1 5-49, monadelphous at base,
rarely all perfect ; usually the 5 which are opposite the pone sterile, os
Se a er oe .

beya.— Petals marcescent. Fertile stamens 10-15.
ani: ee os. Ferti $-

180 BYTTNERIACE® (Harv.) [ Hermaninia.

‘| I. WALTHERIA, Linn.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, ro-nerved, with or without a 3-leaved,
lateral involucel. Petals 5, attached to the base of the stamen-tube,
oblong, with slender claws. Stamens 5, opposite the petals ; filaments:
united below into a tube; anthers oblong, erect, 2-celled. Ovary un-
equal-sided, unilocular; ovules 2, one over the other. Style one, lateral ;
the stigma multifid. Capsule unilocular, two-valved, one-seeded. Hndl.
Gen. 5336. DC. Prod. 1. p. 492.

Herbs, shrubs, or small trees, common throughout the tropics of both hemispheres,
and straggling into the warmer temperate zone. W. indica, our only species, is an
extremely variable plant, being sometimes almost herbaceous and sometimes nearly
arborescent. Under various forms and names it is found in all hot countries. The
name is in honour of Augustin F. Walther, a Saxon botanist of the last century, the
owner of a botanical garden at Leipsic, and author of several botanical works,

1. W. indica (Linn.); shrubby, densely clothed with stellate and
simple hairs ; leaves ovate, oblong, or ovato-lanceolate, petiolate, plaited,
unequally serrate, penninerved, tomentose; stipules subulate, withering;
heads of flowers axillary, sessile or pedunculate, dense. DC. Prod. 1. p.

4933; also D. Americana, L., DO. 1. ¢., and several other reputed specres,
see W.§ A. Prod. Fl, Ind. p. 67.
_ Has. Macallisberg, Zeyher / (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., Hook.). :

A more or less tomentose, erect or prostrate, branching shrub, very variable in
aspect and in the form of the leaves, which are 1-2 inches long, and very roughly
hairy. Flowers small, in dense clusters, not quite sessile in our specimens. When
the heads are manifestly pedunculate, it becomes W. Americana, Auct.

1G~To : Il. HERMANNIA, Linn.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, exinvolucrate, often inflated. Petals 5,
hypogynous, with hollow claws, spirally twisted in estivation. Stamens
5, opposite the petals ; filaments connate at base, flat, oblong or obovate.
Ovary shortly stipitate, 5-celled ; styles coalescing, separable. Capsule
coriaceous, 5-celled, 5-valved, many-seeded, simple or crested at the
summit. Hndl. Gen. 5340. DC. Prod. 1. p. 493.

_ Small shrubs and undershrubs, almost all South African ; a very few from North

_ Africa and from Mexico/ Pubescence stellate or woolly, rarely glandular, copious
oo alternate, either entire, toothed, or pinnatifid, sinuated or lace-
rated, often plaited ; stipules petiolar, leafy or small, very rarely absent. Peduncles
y or sub-terminal, often 2 pene or panicles, 1-3-flowered. Flowers
yellow or orange, y cream-colour, or reddish ; often sweetly-scented.
ur of Paul Hermann, a botanical traveller, afterwards Professor of

nm; died in 1695. The species are subject to much variation, and
are here retained may eventually be cut down, when fuller

Hermannia. | BYTTNERIACES (Harv.) 181

incised, Pobabaue stellate and tomentose, copious or scanty. Flower-
ing branches naked, or with a few small leaves, ending in a lax raceme
or panicle, (Sp. 1-10.) |
* Calyx inflated ; furnished with ciliated appendages ... (1) comosa. +
** Calyx inflated, tomentose or vilious :—
Densely tomentose ; stipules broad; petals with nar-

row, woolly-edged claws... ... (2) altheoides. 7
Stellato-canescent ; stipules narrow-lanceolate ; Petals

with broad claws, stellate at back... ... (3) leucophylla.
Thinly aera — and bracts broad ; “claws

of petals cilia: (4) decumbens. ?

etiin-pebieaccat leaves green ‘above ; ; stipules ovate (7) macrophylla.

*** Calyx campanulate or cup-shaped :— peer a
Procumbent, glabrescent; stipulesovate;capsuleshort (5) procumbens. ~~
Procumbent, stell.-pubescent ; a ‘cordate ; cap- :

| sule 3-4 times as long as the cal yx (8) prismatocarpa. ~
} Erect or diffuse ; albo-tomentose ; stipules. subulate ;
| _ capsule short ... .. (6) candicans,
j Erect, sub-dichotomous ; branches, glabrescent ; ati-
pules triangular ; filaments linear- -oblong ... ... (9) scordifolia.
Erect, sub-dichotomous; branches hispid and scabrous;
stip. ovato-lanceolate ; filaments obovate ... ... (10) patula,

Group 2. Cuneifolie. Much branched, rigid shrubs, erect or spread-
ing. Leaves on short petioles, ewneate and entire at base, ‘toothed towards
the point, oblong, obovate or elliptical, plaited. Pubescence copious,
stellate, or velvetty or scaly. Flowering branches short, leafy, loosely
panniculate or racemose. (Sp. 11-18.)

* Pubescence tomentose or coarsely stellate :—

@ Leaves elliptic-oblong, very densely albo-tomentose

V4 and stellate ; stipules subulate ... (11) disermzefolia.
Leaves sub-rotund, stell. -pubescent ; stipules ovate. (12) disticha, —
Leaves cuneate ; mfon subulate ; anthers short, ob-

tuse.. (13) rigida.
Leaves cuneate or - obovate, ‘tell. -pubescent ; stipules :
ovate-cuspidate ; calyx albo-tomentose .. 14) cuneifolia, a
Leaves cuneate, albo-tomentose ; stip. subulate ; ‘calyx ;
minutely stellulate .. (15) eisercwtin.
Leaves — undulate, ‘stell, “pubescent flowers oe eee :
icled (16) alnifolia. — ae

very smal 1, pani
badiad ghee and eunescent, flowers ot
y equally spread: acca Gay aleweel

sae Pewter squamalose and silvery: stem divaricately
_ branched (18) pallens,

Group. 8. : “Suifruticose or shrubby. Leaves on short
petioles, or sessile, oblong, coarsely crenate or sinuate, rarely sub-entire.
Stipules leaf-like, mostly amplexicaul. Pubescence copious and very

rough, the stiff, spreading, stellate hairs not uniformly spread, but sepa-
rated by bald interspaces. Peduncles loosely racemose. (Sp. 19-2 a

ee ea

* Leaves white on the under surface :
Leaves , unequally toothed ... .. ... (19) hirsuta. —
_ Leaves inciso-sinuate, “Ayers wee eas Aas & (20)
** Leaves green on both sides -— ae
Suffruticose; fl. aggregated multibracteate (2 orn,

leaves short-stalked, oval-oblong, wake:

Suffruticose ;
aA Shee —— cordate ; flowers racemose (24)

182 BYTTNERIACE# (Harv.-) [Hermanmea.

Shrubby ; leaves short-stalked, cuneate, 3—5-toothed ; .

stip. ovato-lanceolate: fl. racemoso-paniculate ... (22) seabra.
Shrubby ; leaves sessile, oblongo-lanceolate, sub-

entire; stipules cordate; fl.racemose ... ...... (23) stipulacea.
Shrubby ; leaves sub-sessile, imbricate, oval-oblong ; fo

stipules and bracts subulate; fl. racemose ... ... (25) decipiens.

Group 4. Glomerate. Much branched, rigid shrubs. Leaves on
short petioles, oblong or ovate, entire or crenate. Pubescence copious,
closely set, and wniformly spread, roughly stellate. Flowering branches
leafy ; the peduncles very short, densely crowded in a terminal cluster.
(Sp. 26-29.)

* Leaves quite entire or nearly so :-—

Leaves cordate-ovate ; A obliquely decurrent, del-

toid . (26) cordifolia.
Leaves oblong or oval ; st, subulate or lanceolate ; me
calyx membranous and sub-inflated ... . (27) salvifolia.
Leaves roundish-oval ; st. subulate ; AN thick, &
ribbed, stellato-scabrous... ... (28) ehrysophylla.
** Leaves sub-rotund, erentic oryns plated ask a undulate;
stipules cordate, amplexicaul ... +... (29) glomerata.

- Group 5. Flammex. Virgate rahe and under-shrubs. Leaves
sessile or sub-sessile, cuneate, lanceolate or linear. Pubescence scanty,
never copious, but variable in quantity, thinly stellate; the hairs short
or appressed. Peduncles short, in a terminal raceme. (Sp. 39-37: )
* Either quite glabrous,or the branches minutely stellulate.

Leaves coarsely toothed above the middle... ... ... (39) denudata.
Leaves entire ; linear-lanceolate or spathulate : — ;
Stipules much shorter than the leaves... ... (31) scoparia. a

Stipules equalling the flat leaves; branches glabrous (32) linifolia,
Stipules mt tegen Sa the channelled —— branches
scabrous... iis .. (33) filifolia.
** Branches and leaves more or bss stellulate or > Maple.
Calyx semi-5-fid, the lobes deltoid ; leaves aaaead stel-

lulate ... (34) flammea. +
Calyx deeply 5 -parted, the lobes | narrow ; “Teaves
ensely pubescent .., (35) flammula.

Calyx oe s-toothed, teeth short, ‘taper-

seeded, minently s-angled, labrous and ees
is ro} 7 ;
oes e~ y ‘angle eae .. «ss (37) angularis.

ip 6 Vilatins: Canescent shrubs (rarely suffrutices) covered with
and. close, velvetty or powdery pubescence. Leaves shortly
sile, entire or denticulate. Stipules — vO mage

, | OF racemose. oe 38-48.) eae

s“S

oe nyseopitoia, > a

Hermannia.| BYTTNERIACE (Harv.) 183

** Calyx campanulate or turbinate, 5-cleft, 5-angled.
Pubescence squamulose; the scales close pressed ... (42) diversistipula.

Pubescence softly velvetty :—
Stipules narrow-subulate, scarcely longer than the
petiole... .. ... (45) lavandulefolia. =
Stipules oblong or lanceolate, hod as long as leaf :
Calyx stellato-tomentose, campanulate ... ... (44) velutina.

Calyx obconic, the teeth triangular-acuminate... (45) Cavanillesiana.
obconic, strongly ribbed and furrowed ... (47) sulcata.
Calyx downy, with short, distant, deltoid teeth (48) gracilis.

Group 7. Lateriflore. Peduncles axillary, distributed along the
leafy branches, not obviously racemose, Leaves undivided. png
stellate or tomentose. (Sp. 49-56.)

* Petals longer than the stamens.
Leaves rough and wrinkled or plaited, crenate toothed

or lobed :
_ Stems nearly simple; leaves sub-sessile ... ... (49) Sandersoni.
Much branched ; leaves on long petioles :—
Calyx globose; filaments obovate ... ...... (§0) candidissima,
Calyx campanulate; fil. linear... ... ... ... (§1) floribunda.
Leaves flat, quite entire or nearly so :—
Stipules none; calyx densely tomentose ...... (55) exstipulata,

Stipules small, triangular ; calyx thinly woolly .. . (56) Gariepina,
** Petals much shorter than the connivent, taper-pointed
anthers.
Erect, ees] bicseicrratilci seanet obovate, equal-
ling the calyx... .. (52) boraginifiora.
Erect, not glandular ; stip. “subulate ; "petals cucullate
and truncate, very small +. (53) Micropetala.
Procumbent, canescent ; sited subulate ; petal spoon.
shaped, very small... . . « (54) brachypetala.

Group 8. Pinnatifide. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, Pena or
multifid. Habit various. (Sp. 57-65-)
* Calyx campanulate :— oe
Leaves covered or sprinkled with fat, silvery scales: eee
pinnatifid ; peduncles 2-flowered ... ... > .. (57) pulverata.
bi-pinnatifid ; peduncles 1-flowered _ aa (58) argentea.
Leaves stellato-pubescent ; petals entire: ce
Branches stellulate; leaf-lobes narrow-linear ... (9) tenuifolia.
Branches glabrous ; leaf-lobes cuneate ; fl. buds — pects
acuminate ... meee
Bien eanescent leaf lobes cuneate ; fl. buds
“QRS ais (61) chrysanthemifolia
Leaves stellato-pubese petats deeply ince pinma en

| tifid .. Bie see + (65) incisa,
7 ** Calyx aed = pees
eae Taare bi-pinnatifid, with fake obtuse lobes ... (62) abrotanoides.

i Leaves palmati-partite and pinnatifid; ped. 1-flowered (63) multifida.
+ Leaves -rgapanrat aks ad a pinnatifid 5 Be a @
flowered . (64) halicacaba.

Sub-genus 2, Actoarpus. Capsule truncate, crowned with arch aie
vergent, simple or plumose horns. (Sp. 66-70.) es
* Stems and branches eiecned _— — —

Leaves preaxe Feslgateam entire. 2° +. wi Sal g

184 BYTTNERIACE2 (Harv.) [Hermannia. |

** Stems and branches virgate, slender ;-—
Canescent; leaves linear-cuneate, entire or 2-3-toothed (66) trifurcata.
Stellulate; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, entire ... (69) filipes.
Glabrous; leaves cuneate; petals thriceas long as calyx (70) stricta.

Sub-genus 1. EunERMANNIA.

Capsule rounded or 5-umboned at the summit (not horned or crested).
(Sp. 1-65.) .

Group 1, AuruzomeE#. Diffuse or decumbent undershrubs or herbs.
Leaves ovate or oblong, on longish petioles, plaited, crenate, or rarely
incised. Pubescence stellate and tomentose, copious or scanty. Flower-
ing branches naked, or with a few small leaves, ending in a lax raceme
or panicle. (Sp. 1-10.)

1. H. comosa (Burch. Cat. 1683); “leaves tomentose, ovate, sinuato-
dentate ; stipules lanceolate-linear ; peduncles 2-flowered ; calyx 1-
Jflated, crinito-comose with ciliated appendices (calycibus inflatis appendi-
cibus ciliatis crinito-comosis).” DC. Prod 1. p. 493-

_ Has. 8. Africa, Burchell. (Unknown to me.)

2. HL altheifolia (Linn.); diffuse or decumbent, densely tomentose
and. patently villous; lower leaves on long petioles, ovate or sub-cordate,
the upper oblong, rhomboid, or obovate, plaited or rugose, sub-entire OF
sinuato-dentate or crenate, 5-7-nerved, softly tomentose on both sides,
sub-canescent ; stipules leafy, 3—5-nerved, ovate or ovato-lanceolate; pe-
duncles 2-3-flowered, longer than the upper leaves ; bracts linear or
lanceolate, as long as the pedicels ; calyx tomentose and pilose, inflated,
shortly 5-fid, the teeth deltoid-acute ; petals twice as long as the calyx,
their narrow claws fringed with long white hairs, longer than the roundish
limb ; ovary oblong, sub-sessile, densely hispid. Jacg. Hort. Schoenb.
t.213. H. altheifolia and H. plicata, DC. Prod. 1. 493. Cav. Drss. t-
179. f.2. Bot. Mag. t. 307. H. aurea, Jacq. l.c.t.214. E. § Z.! 323,
H, diversifolia, E. & Z.! 324. H. disermefoha, E. § Z.! 325, non Jacq.
4. fragrans, Link. Drege, 7300-7302, Zeyher, 2000.
_ _ Has. Common on the hills round Capetown, Cape district, Clanwilliam, Beaufort,
Swellend and Graaf Reynet, E.&Z.! Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.). |
_ _ IT cannot certainly distinguish “ H. plicata,” Willd., from the older H. althwifolia.
Ibis said to have more cordato-ovate and hairy leaves, and ovate stipules ; but leaves
and stipt 8 vary on the same specimen, and on specimens from same locality,
persuaded that the more numerous the specimens examined, the less dis-
two forms be found to be. H. diversifolia, E. § Z.! was founded on
alf-starved specimens. H. plicata, E. & Z./ non Willd, is H. candi-

(Presl, Bot. Bem. p. 20); diffuse or decumbent,
tanescent ; lower leaves on long petioles, cordate at
and crenate, plaited and rugose, 3-5-7-nerved,

es, canescent on the lower ; stipules narrow-
ered, short or longish, the bracts swbu-
it, inflated, membranous,
ich exceeding the calyx,

Hermannia. | -BYTTNERIACEH (Harv.) 185

their broad claws stellato-pubescent at back, much longer than the round-
ish limb ; ovary pedicellate, broader than long, stellato-pubescent. ZH.
plicata, BE. Me ey.! in Herb, Drege.

Has. Winterveld and Nieuweveld, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Very similar to H. altheifolia, of which it has the habit and foliage ; but the sti-
pules and bracts are smaller, narrower and more acuminate ; the pubescence is more
stellate and less tomentose, without intermixture of long, white hairs ; the petals
have much broader claws and smaller limbs, and are stellato-pubescent at back, in-
stead of being fringed with long white hairs ; the ovary is shorter, and evidently sti-
pitate. These characters, if constant, may define the species. :

4. H. decumbens (Willd.! Suppl); decumbent, suffruticose, more or
less fasciculato-pubescent or glabrescent; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong
or ovate, obtuse, either sub-entire, crenate or coarsely toothed, sparsely
stellate or glabrescent on the upper, more densely stellato-pilose on the
lower surface ; ovate or ovato-lanceolate, ciliate or sub-glabrous ;
flowers in a pedune: , terminal, lax raceme, pedicels short, very
hispid ; bracts irondly ovate or ovato-lanceolate, glabrescent ; calyx some-
what inflated, semi-quinquefid, hispid or villous ; lobes deltoid, acute ;
petals twice as long as the calyx, the ciliate claw longer than the limb ;
filaments narrow-spathulate, longer than the anthers ; ovary ellipsoid,
pubescent. DC. Prod.1.p.494. H.& Z.! 328; also H. pratensis, E.
& Z.! 327; and H. collina, EH. & Z. ! 326. H. argyrata, Presl! Drege,
73°93; 7304.

Var. « hispida ; densely stellato-hispid, especially on the young
branches and peduncles. Willd.! Herb. Ber. 12,327. H. decumbens, H.&Z.!

Var. £. argyrata; stellato-canescent, with very broad bracts.

Var. y. collina; the leaves glabrescent, sub-entire or crenulate. H.
collina and H. pratensis, Ed Z.1

Has. Sandy flats. ee) iste Casein, and near the Pot and
Klynrivers, Caledon, E. & Z.! LA and ton sees!
Kalebaskraal, Zeyher! (Herb. Willd., Ton, Hook., Sond.).

A smaller, ro her and greener plant than H. ft hetag ora - calyces, ace
inwe Face nie folceeuieae and very broad, sub-glabrous es All the above —
forms run into each other. Ais

5.H. procumbens (Cay. Diss. t. 177. 4 as Kp XG Rss, pric.
bent, glabrescent ; ia tenuis long, sub-simple, ascending, sparsely-
stellulate ; leaves epee petiolate, oblong or obovate, obtuse, coarsely
fla or thinly stellulate on the under-side ;

ules ovate, - than the petiole ; * peduntles racemose, droop-
ing, oA one flowered ; bracts minute ; calyx campanulate, nearly
glabrous, shortly 5-fid, the lobes ovate, acute ; ; petals twice as long as
the calyx, the claw as long as the limb; filaments cuneate ; much —
longer than the anthers ; ovary obovoid, pubescent. DE. Prod. 1. p.

495. £.¢ 2. 320, ex parte,

Has. Common among the Euphorbia Caput Meduse at Greenpoint, lay 2 oe aA

in ; where water lies in winter. (Her, T.0.D,, Hak. Fro ae
ee ee an on the ground generally quite —
Howe 1-2 feet | Young leaves thinly stellulate, older glabrous or SS

‘No. "329 belong to Mahernia vesiearia ; ‘these ‘seem to

186 BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) [Hermannia.

Presl proposed to call H. leucanthemoidea. 1 cannot guess what the H. Zeyheriana,
Pres] may be.

6. H. candicans (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 412.) ; suffruticose, erect or
diffuse ; branches albo-tomentose or stellato-pubescent, rarely glabres-
cent ; leaves on long petioles, elliptical or ovate-oblong, obtuse, sub-
entire or undulato-crenate, flat or somewhat plaited, albo-tomentose on
one or both sides ; stipules subulate or narrow lanceolate, much shorter
than the petiole ; peduncles racemoso-paniculate, 1-3 flowered, brac-
teate near the summit ; bracts swbulate or lanceolate; flower-buds to-
mentose ; calyx cup-shaped, albo-tomentose or pubescent, angular,
semi-5-fid, the lobes deltoid-acuminate ; petals twice as long as the
calyx, the glabrous claw longer than the oval-oblong limb; filaments
obovate, equalling the hastate anthers ; ovary albo-tomentose. Jacg.
Hort. Schoenb. t. 117. DC. Prod. 1. p.'494. H. premorsa, Wendl.,
non E.§ Z, Drege 7297, 7299.

_ Var. a. ineana; leaves albo-tomentose on both sides ; stem canes-
cent, sub-erect. H. incana, E.& Z.! 333. H. altheoides, E.§ Z.!
334, ex parte. H. mollis, E.& Z.1 336. Willd. Enum. 692. DC. lc.
— Beyher, 112.

- Var. £. discolor; leaves green and stellato-pubescent above, albo-
tomentose below. H. candicans, BE. & Z.! 327. H. plicata E.§ Z.!
341. H. nemorosa, E. & Z. ! 335. H. discolor, Otto | and Dietr.

_ Var. y. fistulosa; stems fistular, decumbent, glabrescent ; leaves
minutely stellulate on the upper, canescent on the lower surface ;
flowers in pedunculate racemes, H. fistulosa, H. & Z.!

Var. 6. depressa ; prostrate, robust, but dwarf; leaves smaller,
canescent below.

Has. Frequent in Uitenhage and Albany. George, EF. &Z./ Schneeberg and
various places in Caffirland, Drege! Somerset, Mrs. F, W. Barber ! var. y. near the
ad River, 2. § Z./ 8, near the Zwartkops, Zeyher! (Herb. T.C,.D.. Hook., Sond.,

other characters.
i of E. & Z.

Hermannia.] BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) 187

cumbent ; branches sparsely stellato-pilose ; leaves on longish peti-
oles, ovate-oblong, rugose and sub-plicate, unequally eroso-denticulate,
glabrescent on the upper, stellato-canescent on the lower surface ; sétz-
pules cordate-ovate, amplexicaul, cuspidate, much shorter than the petiole ;
bracts ovate ; calyx campanulate, 5-angled, thickly stellulate, 5-toothed, :
the teeth short, deltoid, with wide interspaces ; petals twice as long as :
the calyx, the claw longer than the limb ; filaments obovate, somewhat
longer than the cuspidate anthers ; ; capsule) prismatic, 5-angled and 5-crest-
ed, 3-4 times as long as the calyx. 'H. hirsuta, E. & Z.! 339, non Schrad,
Has. Riebeckskasteel, 1C

nD, Hooks Sond.) Drege! Cape flats, W.HH. Koeberg, F. & Z.! (Herb,

or decumbent, slightly branched, half-herbaceous plant ; the branches
ads below, naked above, and ending in a compound pseudo-raceme. FI. yellow.
It much resembles H. altheifolia, but is less tomentose, has a different ss and
is readily known when in fruit, by its Jong, sharply 5-angled capsules, — se

9. H. scordifolia (Jacq. ! Schoenb. t. 120. ); ; suffrutescent, erect, eule
dichotomous ; branches naked, or with few leaves, nearly glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong, crenato-dentate, or inciso-lobulate, the
lobules crenate, minutely stellulate on both surfaces ; stipules triangu-
lar, minute ; peduncles laxly panicled, 1-2 flowered, bracteolate ; calyx
campanulate, puberulous, §-fid, the segments deltoid-acuminate ; petals
not much exceeding the calyx, the claw as long as the limb ; filanients
broadly linear, equalling the cuspidate anthers ; capanle short, 5-angled,
pubescent. DC. l.c.p. 494. H. paniculata, E. Mey. !

= Var. 8. integriuscula; leaves crenate, not lobed. Drege, 7298.
ey. 117,

Has. The Gariep, near Verleptram, on the river banks and in stony bottoms,
Drege ! B. Ebenezer, Oliphants R. ree! Brandenberg, Zeyher! C.B.S., Forsyth !
come ap ear ss Peterson ith afew leaves below ; the fi branches neatly

wii al ves below ; owering 3s neat
or quite wade oF lente the flowers small, few and distant, gro wing from |
of depauperated leaves. It resembles = panies, ortega yes as
Seas 93 are differently shaped. The leaves vary much in incision in the present
Species. eee See Se ee ae
in Herb, Vind. ;

10. H. patula (Harv.); ietinliacetheeme she
hispidulous and scabrid ; leaves on short petio :
tate towards the apex, sparsely stellato-hispid on both surfaces ; stipules

4, equa the petiole ; peduncles racemose-paniculate,
1-2-flowered, bracteolate ; bracts lanceolate ; calyx campanulate, sparsely
hispid, semi-5-fid, the ‘segments deltoid-acuminate, plumoso-ciliate ;
petals twice as long as the calyx, the ciliate claws as long as the limb;
filaments obovate, much longer than the hastate anthers ; ovary ovoid, his- ae
pid. H. scordifolia, E.& Z.1 344; also H. denudata E.d Z.! 344, @ = pe
Mahernia odorata, E.& Z.! 405. Drege, 7294. os

~ roughly but not densely ers allied to H.
esti Se : aa ne a rr ae 4 inch wide |

188 BYTTNERIACE (Harv.) [ Hermann.

Calyx-lobes remarkably acuminate, the flower-buds cuspidate. Capsule scarcely
longer than the calyx, deeply 5-lobed, stellato-hispid.

Group 2. CunerFottz. Much branched, rigid shrubs, erect or
spreading. Leaves on short petioles, cwneate and entire at base, toothed
towards the point, oblong, obovate, or elliptical, plaited. Pubescence
copious, stellate or somewhat velvetty or scaly. Flowering branches
short, leafy, loosely paniculate or racemose. (Sp. 11-18.)

11. H. disermefolia (Jacq? Schoenb. t. 121.) ; shrubby, densely
albo-tomentulose ; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, or oblongo-lanceolate,
obtuse or sub-acute, dentate or crenate, undulate, plaited and somewhat
rugulose, albo-tomentose on both sides with minute fascicled hairs ; stipules
subulate deciduous ; peduncles racemose, 1~2-flowered ; bracts sub-
ulate, calyx cup-shaped, shortly 5-fid, the teeth broadly deltoid, densely
albo-tomentose ; petals glabrous, the claw as long as the limb ; filaments
linear-spathulate, longer than the anthers ; ovary albo-tomentose. DC.
lc. p. 494. H. bryonifolia, BE. & Z. !

oo 1500-2000f. Drege! Lislap, Burke a: Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D.,

: ats

A tall shrub, white-hairy in all parts; the hairs of the tomentum very short,

but densely faciculato-stellate, the tufts looking under a pocket lens like microscopic
dgehogs. Leaves in our specimens seldom more than an inch long, } inch broad,

thic <in substance. Flowers yellow, in a loose raceme. Anthers acute, but not acu-

minate. I follow E. Meyer in referring this plant to Jacquin’s.

12. H. disticha (Schr. & Wendl. ! Sert. Han. t. to.); shrubby,
much branched ; young branches setose, older scabrous ; leaves on short
petioles, sub-rotwnd or obovate, broadly cuneate at base, very obtuse,
eroso-dentate, rugose, thinly hispid on the upper, densely stellato-
hispid on the under side ; stipules ovate-acwminate ; peduncles race-
mose-paniculate, 1~2-flowered, the bracts ovate, cuspidate ; calyx cam-
panulate, with piliferous glands on the ribs and margin, otherwise gla-

- brous, 5-fid, the lobes triangular, acuminate; petals about twice as long
ae as the calyx, the claw rather longer than the limb ; filaments oblong
< or obovate, longer than the acute anthers ; ovary ovoid, tomentose.
«DE. Prod. 1. p. 494. H. rotundifolia, Jacq. | Schoenb. t. 118.
_____ Ha. South Africa ; locality uncertain, (Herb. Hook., Benth., Wendl. ! Jacq. !)
_ A stout shrub, 3 feet high, diffusely branched, hispid in most parts with scattered
_or tufted hairs, rising from gland-like tubercles. Flowers small, yellow, in few-
flowered panicles. Not found by E. & Z., or Drege. We describe from an old,
garden specimen ; compared with Wendl. and Jacq.’s originals.

arv.) suffruticose, rigid, erect ; branches patent,
dscabrid ; leaves petiolate, cuneate, round-topped,
densely stellato-canescent on both sides ; stipules
1; peduncles racemose, distant, one-flowered,
ate, wide-mouthed, pubescent, semi-5-fid, the
is twice as long ; filaments obovate,
apsule scarcely longer than the calyx,

Hermannia. | BYTTNERIACE (Harv.) : 189

from any of these. It is a tall, straggling plant, remarkably rigid when dry, with a
rough, but not a copious pubescence. The leaves are strongly plaited on the upper
surface, the ribs very prominent below ; they are 3 inch long, 4 inch wide ; the pe-
tioles ¢ inch long. Flowers yellow. ’

14. H. cuneifolia (Jacq. ! Schoenb. t. 124.) ; shrubby, much branched; ¢ mts
branches stellato-pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, cuneate or obo- ——
vato-cuneate, obtuse, crenato-dentate toward the point, stellato-pubes- af
cent on both sides ; stipules ovate-cuspidate or broadly subulate ; pe-
duncles racemoso-paniculate, 2-flowered, spreading ; bracts ovate-acute ; Soi
calyx cup-shaped, albo-tomentose, 5-fid, the lobes deltoid ; petals twice
as long, the claws equalling the limb ; filaments obovate, longer than
the anthers ; ovary oblong, tomentose. DC. Prod. 1. p. 495. #. & Z.

342, and H. premorsa, E. § Z.! 338. H. alnifolia, Drege! H. mul-
tiflora, Jacq. ! Schoenb. t. 128. ~ ae

Has. About Capetown, &c. on mountain sides, Z. dé Z.! &c. common. (Herb.
T.C.D., Sond.) ;

A rigid, much-branched, scrubby, sometimes prostrate bush, much resembling
H. alnifolia in foliage ; but with flowers twice as large as in that species. I can-
ee: distinguish H. multiflora, Jacq. by any tangible characters. owers bright
yellow.

15. H. desertorum (E. & Z. 382.); shrubby, divaricately much
branched ; young twigs thinly tomentose; leaves on short petioles,
broadly cuneate, plaited, coarsely toothed near the rounded apex, albo-
tomentose on both sides ; stipules swbulate, equalling the petioles ; pe-
duncles racemose, short; calyx campanulate, angularly ventricose,
minutely and sparsely puberulous, 5-toothed, the teeth distant, cuspidate ;
petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw equalling the limb ; fila-
ments obovate, as long as the taper-pointed anthers ; ovary 5-lobed,
pubescent.

Has. Desert plains near Graaf Reynet, £. d Z.! Gamke River, Burke &
123. (Herb. Sond., Hook.) =e eer sidan Zo

A scraggy, small bush with woody branches and few leaves and flowers. It is
closely allied to H. cuneifolia, but has canescent leaves and young branches and a _

issimilar calyx. It has the habit of some forms of H. pallens, but a very different

16. H. alnifolia (Linn.) ; shrubby, much branched ; branches stel- _
lato-pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, broadly cuneate or obovate, —-
undulate and plaited, subtruncate, and crenlato- entate toward the
point, stellato-pubescent on both sides; stipules ovate cuspidate ;
flowers (small) racemoso-paniculate, peduncles 2-3-flowered, short ;
calyx cup-shaped, Paened, sparsely stellate, 5-fid, with deltoid-acumi-
nate lobes ; petals twice as long as the calyx, the ciliate claw as long
as the limb; filaments obovate, as long as the cuspidate anthers ;
ovary albo-tomentose, ovoid. Jacq. Schoend. t.291. Cav. Diss.t. 179.
ft. Bot. Mag. t.229. Zey. 1985. H. almfolia and H. multiflora,
E.§ Z. H. hirsuta, Drege. ee

eso Hook., Sond. bed kavian ton
ther erect, spreading or ; when starved, having Ves 4-3

upper surfaces of old leaves glabrescent, Flowers of small size, but in rehk aie

190 BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) [Hermannia.

dance; bright yellow. Chiefly known from H. cuneifolia by its much smaller
flowers and more branching inflorescence.

17. H. holosericea (Jacq.! Schoenb. t. 292.); shrubby, much
branched ; branches velvetty-canescent ; leaves on short petioles, ellipti-
eal or obovate, somewhat cuneate at base, rounded and crenulate at
the apex, penni-nerved, velvetty-canescent on both sides ; stipules lan-
eeolate, as long as the petioles; flowers (small) in drooping, unilateral,
branched racemes ; peduncles 2 or more together, short, 2—4-flowered ;
calyx obconic, velvetty, 5-toothed, teeth deltoid-acuminate ; petals
twice as long as the calyx, the claw exceeding the limb, nearly gla-
brous ; filaments oblong, as long as the anthers ; ovary ellipsoidal, to-
mentose. D.C. Prod. 1. p. 495. H. incana, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 525:

Has. Dry, rocky ground in Uitenhage and Albany, common. E. & Z.! &e.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) .

A much-branched shrub, resembling H. alnifolia, but differing in pubescence,
&c. Leaves 1-3 inch, rarely 1 inch long, varying in shape from exactly elliptical
to obovate-oblong and cuneate. Flowers abundant, but small, yellow.

18, H. pallens (BE. & Z.! 378.); shrubby, divaricately much
branched, stellato-squamulose and canescent; leaves petiolate, obcordate
or obovate, entire or crenulate near the apex, one-nerved, squamulose
on both sides ; stipules ovate-oblong, acute or acuminate, shorter than
the petioles ; peduncles racemose, 1-2-flowered; bracts short, ovate ;
calyx cup-shaped, sgwamulose, 5-toothed, the teeth broadly deltoid,
acute ; petals twice as long as the calyx, pubescent, the wide claw
equalling the oval limb; ovary stellato-squamose, oblong and 5-umbo-
nate. H. flammea, var. Drege! H. secundiflora, E. d: Z. ! 380.

Var. 8. glabrescens ; leaves glabrescent, very sparingly scaly. /.
multiflora, Drege!

. ScaBeRRima, Suffruticose or shubby. Leaves on short
oblong, coarsely crenate or sinuate, rarely sub-entire, Sti-

ike, mostly amplexicaul, Pubescence copious and very
aces. Peduncles loosely racemose. (Sp. 19-25.)

& Wendl. ! Sert. Han. t. 4); suffruticose,
pid with spreading, white bristles ; leaves
plicate, eroso-dentate, ciliate, sparsely
villous below; stipules cordato-
iculate ; filiform, longer
bracts lan-

Hermannia.) BYTTNERIACEH (Harv.) ~ 191

ceolate ; calyx campanulate, villous, 5-toothed, the teeth distant, del-
toid-acute ; fil. obovate, longer than the anthers. DC. Prod. 1. p. 495.
non E. § Z. H. muricata, E. §& Z.! 343, and H. verrucosa, 340% H.
scabra, Jacq. Schoenb. t. 127, non Cav.

Has. South Africa ; cult. Swellendam ? #.¢Z./ (Herb. R., Ber., Sond., Benth.)

Our description is taken from a garden specimen, which agrees perfectly "with the
figure above quoted, and also with Schrader’s original in Herb. F Berol, Ecklon’s H.
muricata, of which I have seen only a very bad specimen, belongs either to this
species or to H. dryadifolia. H. verrucosa, E. & Z., from the Karroo, between
Beaufort and Graaf Reynet, seems very similar ; to judge by a fragment in Herb.
Sond.

20. H. dryadifolia (Harv.); suffruticose, slender, diffuse ; ie@ighos
hispid with spreading, white bristles; leaves petiolate sub-distant, ob-
long, obtuse, inciso-sinuate or pinnatifid, ciliate, sparsely hispid or gla-
brescent above, albo-tomentose below ; stipules amplexicaul, cordato-cus-
pidate; peduncles racemose-paniculate, filiform, longer than the leaves,

2-flowered near the summit; bracts ovato- lanceolate ; calyx campanu-
late, pubescent, the 5 teeth deltoid-acuminate, with rounded inter-
spaces; petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw longer than the
limb; filaments cuneate, longer than the anthers; ovary ovoid, pu-
bescent, Mahernia dryadiphylla, E. & Z. | 400.

Has. Mountain sides, at Brackfontein, Clanw. #. & Z./ (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

Very near H. hirsuta, but with more deeply divided, sinuate (not toothed) leaves ;

perhaps a mere variety. Its stamens are clearly those ‘of a Hermannia, and 80 is the
habit. :

21. H. orophila (E. & Z.! 369); suffruticose, erect; branches sca-
brous with stellato-piliferous tubercles; leaves tapering at base into a
short petiole or sub-sessile, cuneate, truncate, toothed at the extremity,
green, ciliate and stellato-scabrous on both sides; stipules lanceolate-
subulate; peduncles aggregate at the ends of the branches, short ; bracts.
numerous, subulate, longer than the pedicels; calyx 5-angled, i ‘
thin, stellato-pubescent, semi-5-fid, segments ovate, mucronulate ; pe-
tals not much exceeding the calyx, the ciliate claw shorter than the
broadly oblong limb; filaments linear, ines than eascagil anthers ;
ovary downy.

Has. Mountain sides. _ Hott. Holl. and at the Zacher and Rlynriver 8
- am ype ! (Herb. Sond.)

99, H sicbee a (Cav. Diss. t. 182, f. 2, non Jacq.); shrubby, erect;
branches hispid with spreading bristles, very rough; leaves small, 2
sub-sessile, cuneate, truncate and 3-5 toothed at the extremity, green, cili- —
ate, stellato-scabrous on both sides ; stipules ovato-lanceolate, patent;
peduncles racemoso-paniculate, filiform, bracteate near the summit; 1-2

flowered, very scabrous ; calyx campanulate, stellato-pubescent, semi. é
5-fid, the segments triangular, acute; petals twice as long as the calyx

i. albo-ciliate claw equalling the founded limb ; filaments cunea
cial than the ee =e stellulate, shorter ce cal

192 BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) [Hermannia.

DC. Prod. 1. p. 495? E. & Z.!350, non Drege. H. biflora, HE. & Z.!
35%

Has, Tulbagh, £. § Z / Riebeck’s Casteel, Bergvalley and Langevalei, Zeyher!
(Herb. Sond.) é

An erect, shrubby plant, 1-2 feet high, extremely rough with rigid, scarcely stel-
late hairs. Leaves turning dark in drying. Flowers orange-yellow. H. angularis,
Drege! (non Jacq), judging from a fragment, seems to belong to the present
species. :

23. H. stipulacea (Lehm! in Eck. & Zey. En. 340.) ; shrubby,
erect ; branches densely hirsute ; leaves sessile, oblong or sub-lanceolate,
entire or denticulate at the point, stellato-hispid on both sides; stipules
leafy, %as long as leaf, cordate-acuminate, ciliate and stellato-hispid ;
peduncles racemose, short, 1-2 flowered; bracts ovato-lanceolate ;
calyx campanulate, densely stellato-tomentose, 5-fid, the segment del-
toid-acuminate; petals about twice as long as calyx, the hispid and
ciliate claw equalling the ovate limb; fil, linear-cuneiform, much
longer than the anthers; ovary ovoid, pubescent at the angles. Drege,
4276.

Has. Near the mouth of the Zwartkops, Uitenhage, Z. & Z./ near the mouth of
the Orange River, Drege! (Herb. Hook., Sond.) :

Very rough in all parts with tufted, patent hairs, but only tomentose on the calyx.
Leaves crowded, erect, not £ inch long, about 1 longer than the leaf-like stipules.
Flowers orange. Chiefly known from H. scabra by the sessile leaves and large

24. H. latifolia (E. & Z.! 348.; non Jacq.); suffruticose, erect;
branches virgate, stellato-pilose; leaves on short petioles elliptic-oblong,
obtuse at each end, sub-entire or undulate and denticulate at point,
sparsely stellato-pilose, specially on the ribs and margin; stipules leafy,
broadly cordate, acuminate, tas long as leaf, 3-nerved and hispid;
peduncles laxly recemose, longer than the leaf, 2-flowered, densely
hispid ; bracts ovate, acuminate ; calyx campanulate, densely stellato-
tomentose, the segments deltoid-acuminate; petals scarcely twice as
long as calyx.

Has. Winterhoek’s Mt., Uitenhage, Z. ¢ Z.! (Herb. Sond.

Of this I have only seen a single ong It < veey: close re H. stipulacea, but

the leaves are evidently petiolate and much larger ; 1-14 inches long, 3 inch broad.
‘The flowers are similar, but rather larger 6 :

.

oo 25. HL decipiens (E. Mey.!) ; shrubby ; branches scabrid ; leaves

sessile, densely set, erect, elliptic-oblong or sub-acute, 3-toothed at the
cate extremity, stellulato-scabrid on both sides; stipules and bracts
eduncles shortly racemose, 2-flowered, very short; calyx cam-
ly stellato-tomentose, the teeth deltoid, petals somewhat

azo ligpans fics yx, the woolly-edged claw longer than the limb ; fil.

PREM Mig: a. the anthers ; ovary obovoid, tomentose. — H.
c butrough. Flowers rather small,
a le Flax ene”? gr ou] S| “ 2

-

Hermannia.| BYTTNERIACE. (Harv.) 193

short petioles, oblong or ovate, entire or crenate. Pubescence copious,
closely set, roughly stellate. Flowering branches leafy, peduncles very
short, densely aggregated in a terminal cluster. (Sp. 26-29.).

26. H. cordifolia (Harv.) ; shrubby, robust ; branches virgate, stel-
lato-scabrid ; leaves on short petioles, cordate or cordato-ovate, sub-acute
or obtuse, rugose, prominently veined below, undulato-crenulate,
densely stellato-tomentose on both sides, thick ; stipules ob/iquely de-
current, broadly deltoid, shorter than the petioles ; peduncles sub-ter-
minal, aggregate ; calyx urceolate, stellato-tomentose, the segments tri-
angular, acute ; petals broadly obovate, glabrous, the claw as long as
the limb ; fil. obovate, as long as the acuminate anthers.

Has. Piquetberg, Zeyher! 111. (Herb. Benth., Hook.,Sond.). =

Apparently a large and woody shrub, with the habit of Malvastrum strictum, but —
leaves resembling those of Sida cordifolia. Leaves 1-14 inch long, very thick like
coarse cloth to the touch. The stipules are remarkable for their oblique insertion,
and are broader than long. The specimens seen are scarcely in full flower ; a single
open flower in Herb. Benth. supplied the above character.

27. H. salvifolia (Linn.); shrubby, spreading and much-branched ;
branches densely stellato-hispid ; leaves on short petioles, linear-oblong
or elliptical, quite entire, densely stellato-pubescent on both sides,
thickish ; stipules acute, deciduous, either subulate or lanceolate; pe-
duncles crowded at the ends of the branches, very short, flowers sur-
rounded by numerous linear-subulate bracts ; calyx oblong, 5-angled,
membranous and subinflated, stellato-villous, the teeth short, deltoid,
connivent ; petals somewhat longer than the calyx, revolute, the claw
much shorter than the oblongo-spathulate limb; fil. linear, longer than
the anthers ; ovary stellato-pubescent. H. salvifolia, H. micans and H.
involucrata, DC. Prod. 1.p. 494. Cav. Ic. t. 180. f.2. & 177. f.1. A.
latifolia Jac. Schoenb. t. 119.

Var. a. oblonga; leaves linear-oblong or oblongo-lanceolate, sub-acute, i
4-6 times as long as broad. J. salvifolia, Auct. vetust.nonE.§ Z

Var. B. ovalis; leaves exactly oval, obtuse, twice as long as broad ;_
stipules subulate or linear-lanceolate. H. micans, Drege! E. & Z.! 347.
H. involucrata, E. § Z.! 354, and H. chrysophylla, 346, ex parte. Drege,
7280. Zey.! 1993. ao eae

Var. y. grandistipula ; leaves oval ; stipules leafy, broadly lanceo-
late: 2223 eee &

Has. Winterhock’s berg, Uit., Z. § Z.! Paarl., and Aasvogelberg, Drege! Va-
rious other localities onan the Colony. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond., Banks.)

A much-branched, very rough shrub. vars. a and 8 are very distinct in the
shape of the leaves, but identical in other respects. Flowers small orange, the
the tips of the petals rolling back. According to Herb. Banks, this is the true H.
salvifolia, L., a species frequently confounded with others. I cannot distinguish
H. involucrata, Cav. by any certain character. E. & Z.’s “ H. involucrata” is made
up, partly of our plant and partly (perhaps chiefly?) of H. suavis, Presl. The sti-
pules in the present species vary much in breadth, and in var. y. are almost leafy.

28. H. ol lla & Z.! 346, ex parte) ; erect, shighhes a
chrysophylla (F. bby

branches densely stellato-hispid; leaves on short petioles, roundish
elliptical, quite entire, densely stellate and very scabrous — i

Gee

: =a BYTTNERIACEZ, (Harv.) [Hermannia.

thickish ; stipules narrow-subulate, deciduous ; peduncles in dense,
terminal racemes ; bracts subulate; calyx campanulate, strongly 5-
ribbed, stellato-scabrous, the lobes triangular-cuspidate, erect ; petals twice
as long as the calyx, pubescent, the claw equalling the oval limb ; fil.
broadly linear, longer than the anthers ; ovary stellato-pubescent.
Has. Mts. between Langekloof and Winterhoek, F. & Z.! (Herb. Sond., Benth.)
This has quite the aspect of the broad-leaved vars. of H. salvifolia, but very dif-

ferent calyx and petals, and more orange flowers. E. & Z. partly confounded it
with that species,

29. H. conglomerata (E. & Z. 352); shrubby, divaricately much-
branched ; branches stellato-hispid or scabrous ; leaves petiolate, cu-
neate-ovate or sub-rotund, very obtuse, erenate or incised, plaited and
undulate, glabrescent on the upper, fasciculate-hairy on the lower side ;
stipules amplexicaul, cordate-cuspidate, pilose ; flowers crowded at the
ends of the branches ; bracts subulate; calyx somewhat inflated,

_ densely albo-villous and hairy, the lobes broadly subulate, acute; pe-
tals not longer than the calyx, the claw about as long as the oval
limb ; fil. linear, much longer than the anthers; ovary sub-globose,
pubescent. H. glomerata, E. Mey. ! in Herb. Drege.

Has. Karroo Plains. Near Sondag and Zwartkops Rivers, Uit., 2. & Z./
Zuureberg, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

_A very spri , hispid shrub, 1-2 feet high. Leaves 1-3 inch long on petioles
of half As ee 4 sites small and yellow, sub-capitate ; the calyces covered
with long, white hairs.

Group 5. Fuammex. Virgate shrubs and under-shrubs. Leaves
sessile or sub-sessile, either cuneate, lanceolate or linear. Pubescence
scanty, never copious, but variable in quantity, thinly stellate ; the
hairs very short or appressed. Peduncles short, in a terminal raceme.
(Sp. 30-37).

th.)
woody ; branches

leaves sub-sessile, tapering at base,
cuneate, often 3-toothed at the point,

*

Hermannia. | BYTTNERIACE®. (Harv.) 195

stipules linear-lanceolate, not half as long as the leaf ; peduncles race-
mose, mostly one-flowered, bracteate near the apex, bracts 2~3, subu-
late ; calyx campanulate, nearly glabrous, the segments deltoid-cuspi-
date, ciliate ; petals twice as long as the calyx, obovate, the claw as
Jong as the limb ; fil, obovate, longer than the taper anthers ; ovary
stipitate, ovoid, stellulate on the angles. Mahernia scoparia, L. & Z. !
404. H. filifolia, Drege / non Cav.

Has. C.B.8., Masson/ Ried Valley and in Zwartland, Z.g Z/ Cape Flats,
pr Peat Between Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay, Drege! (Herb, T.C.D., Sond.,

pode 1-1} feet long, several from the same crown, trailing and nearly glabrous.
Leaves, save a few of the lowest ones, linear, an inch long, 1 line wide. . bright
yellow, pendulous, in secund racemes. In Herb. Banks is a specimen marked ‘/.
Jilifolia,” Lin. £.; and possibly it vam | be Linnewus’s plant. It certainly is not that
of Cavanilles. Though referred by K. & Z, to Mahernia, its stamens are those of the
most typical Hermannia. :

32. EL linifolia (Linn.?) ; diffuse, suffruticose ; branches ascending,
glabrous ; leaves sessile, tufted or scattered, linear-spathulate, sub-acute,
tapering at base, flat, very entire, glabrous; stipules leaf-like, as long as
the leaves, lanceolate, one-nerved, flat; peduncles laxly racemose, one-
flowered, bracts subulate; calyx glabrescent, deeply 5-cleft, segments
patent, lanceolate, acute; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, glabrous,
the claw shorter than the broadly oblong limb; fil. linear-oblong, equal-
ling the anthers ; ovary stellato-pubescent. 2. & Z.! 371. Drege, 7285.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 4951

Has. Karroo districts of George, Beaufort and Graaf Reynet, Z. ¢ Z./ Between
Zwarteberg and Kendo, 23000 f. Drege! (Herb. Sond., Benth.).

Nearly allied to H. filifolia, but more glabrous, with thinner and flatter leaves,
less woody stems, and somewhat different flowers. Corolla strongly convolute, dark-

fulvous or reddish orange. Whether this be the little known and imperfectly described
HT. linifolia, L., I cannot tell.

33. H. filifolia (Linn.?); erect, shrubby ; branches virgate, scabrid ;—
leaves sessile, fascicled, narrow-linear, acute, thickish, very entire, glabrous;
stipules like the leaves and equally long, subulate or lanceolate, one-
nerved and somewhat keeled; peduncles racemoso-paniculate, 2-flowered,
bracts filiform; calyx stellato-scabrid, somewhat 5-angled, 5-fid, the
segments ovate-oblong, acuminate; petals not much exceeding the
calyx, the ciliate claw much shorter than the broadly-oblong limb; fil.
oblong, longer than the obtuse anthers ; ovary tomentose ; capsule 5-
lobed and umboned, stellato-pubescent. DC. Prod. 1. p. 495. Cav.
Diss. t, 180. f.3. H. & Z.! 372. Zeyher, 2013, 2004, 20107 126.
Drege, 7288.

Var. B. bides; branches and calyces more densely stellulate ;
leaves shorter and fl. smaller. H. passerinoides, E. & Z.! 373. Zey.
2008, ee

ort Elizabeth and on the Karroo, near Graaf Reynet, E.gZ. Near —
G pee sa A the Winterberg and at Gamke River, Zeyher! B. bg 2 ae
wag elpr o Spe gpabrooe A dhecwking- black: fn deying-: Laneed san -
souk a line wide, chanséled nbows, rounded helow, moetly us. Stipules sometimes
longer and broader than the leaves. I haye no doubt that praia a

106... BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) [Hermannia.

his description is excellent ; but Jacquin’s (Hort. Schoenb, t, 123.) may be different.
H. passerinoides, E. § Z. scarcely differs by a constant character ; but almost connects
the present species with some varieties of H. flammea!

34, H. flammea (Jacq. Schoenb. t. 129) ; erect or diffuse, shrubby ;
branches virgate, stellato-scabrid ; leaves scattered or fascicled, sub-
sessile, rigid, dimorphous, either linear-spathulate and acute, or cuneate,
truncate and 3—4-toothed or sub-entire, glabrous or thinly stellulate on one
or both sides; stipules leafy, linear-acute or lanceolate, one-nerved,
shorter than the leaf; peduncles laxly racemose, short, 1-2-flowered ;
bracts subulate ; calyx campanulate, 5—angled, thinly stellato-pubescent,
semi-5-fid, lobes broadly triangular, acute ; petals about twice as long as
the calyx, the ciliate claw shorter than the limb; fil. linear-oblong, much
longer than the obtuse anthers; ovary pubescent; capsule oblong,
umboned, stellulate. DC. Prod. 1.p.495. #. & Z.! 365-367, and
partly 368, and 370.

Var. a. Jaequini; leaves cuneate, 3—5-toothed, glabrous above, stel-
lulate below ; calyx lobes spreading. Drege, 7271, 7273, 7292-

Var. 8. polymorpha; leaves cuneate or linear-spathulate, often
tufted, glabrescent ; calyx lobes erect or conniving. H. polymorpha,
E. & Z.! 366. Drege, 7293.

Var. y. faleata ; leaves pubescent, cuneate, 3—5-toothed ; stipules
linear, sub-faleate. H. falcata, H.& Z.! 365. Drege, 7305, Zey. 2005-

Has. Frequent on hills and mountain sides throughout the Colony. Uitenhage

and Albany, common. Also about Muysenberg and Simon’s Bay. (Herb. T.C.D.;
Hook., Sond.).

Generally turns black in drying. Very variable in the shape, breadth-and size of
the leaves, and the amount of pubescence ; but more constant in its flowers. Usually
an erect, slightly branched shrub, 1-2 feet high. Nearly allied to H. filifolia.

35. H. flammula (Harv.); erect, shrubby ; branches stellulate ; leaves
sub-sessile, linear-cuneate, three-toothed or entire, densely stellato-pubes-
cent on both sides ; stipules linear or lin.-subulate, leafy, not half as long
as leaf ; peduncles somewhat racemose; one-flowered, as long as leaves;
calyx campanulate, angular, stellate, deeply 5-parted, the lobes narrow-
triangular, acute ; petals twice as long as the calyx, the hispid claw much
shorter than the limb ; filaments linear-oblong, longer than the obtuse
anthers ; capsule pubescent, umboned. J. trifurca, E. ¢ Z.! 37°, e&

= parte; non Iinn. Zey. 2009. Drege, 7287.

___ Has. Hartebeeste River, Caledon, and Vormansbosch, Zeyher! Swellendam,
_ Thom! (Herb. Hook., Sond.).
_, Very near H. fammea, but with smaller, more densely pubescent leaves, a more
2 with narrower and more pointed segments, and smaller flowers.
black in drying. It was formerly cultivated at Kew, and old garden
without name, are preserved in Herb. Hook. E. & Z , confou
‘trifurea,” the present plant, with H, flammea and H. angularis and

@ ary.) ; shrubby, erect ; branches stellulate ;
uneate or spathulate, the lower ones 3-toothed,
ethulate ; stipules 4 as long as leaves, linear- ob-

-

ae ermannia. | BYTTNERIACE (Harv.) 197

taper-pointed ; petals more than twice as long as the calyx, the ciliate
claw nearly equalling the obovate limb ; fil. linear-oblong, much longer
than the obtuse anthers ; capsule stellulate, umboned.

Has. Caledon, Miss Joubert! (Herb. Sond.).

It differs from H. flammea and H. flammula chiefly in the very short calyx, with
taper-pointed segments, the longer and narrower petals and smaller flowers, and
somewhat clustered inflorescence.

37. H. angularis (Jacq. Schénb. t. 126); erect, shrubby;; branches
stellato-scabrid, virgate ; leaves sub-fasciculate, sub-sessile, rigid, cuneate
or linear-spathulate, truncate, mostly 3-5-toothed, glabrescent above,
stellato-scabrid below ; stipules leafy, linear-acute, ciliate, one-nerved ;
peduncles laxly racemose, short, 1-2-flowered ; bracts linear ; calyx in-
Jlated-pyramidal, prominently 5-angled, glabrous and shining, deeply 5-fid,
the segments broadly ovate, acute, ciliolate; petals scarcely longer than the
calyx, the claws much shorter than the limb ; filaments linear-oblong,
scarcely longer than the obtuse anthers. DC. Prod. 1. p.495. H. tri- |
furca, E. § Z. ! ex parte; non Linn. nec, Jacq.

Has. Hills about Stellenbosch; Hoow Hoek Pass ; Hemel and Aarde, &e., Z. &
Z. Caledon, Dr. Alexander Prior. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D).

A virgate shrub, 1-2 feet high, turning black in drying. Leaves ? inch long, 1-
4 lines wide. Near H. flammea, from which it is readily known by its 5-angled,
glabrous calyx. H. angularis, £.d: Z.is only H. hyssopifolia. Jacquin’s figure, ex-
cept in having such large leaves, well represents our plant.

Group 6. VeLutinm. Canescent shrubs (rarely under-shrubs) covered
with very short and close, velvetty or powdery pubescence. Leaves shortly
petiolate or sessile, entire or denticulate. Stipules leafy. Peduncles
short, crowded or racemose. (Sp. 38-48.)

38. H. hyssopifolia (Linn.); shrubby, erect ; branches virgate, stel-
lato-pubescent ; leaves petiolate, obovate or lanceolate, obtuse or sub-acute,
serrulate towards the apex, puberulous and sub-canescent on both sides ;
stipules dimorphous, the lower small and narrow, the upper large, leafy,
ovate or ovato-lanceolate or oblong, acute, one-nerved ; peduncles sub-ter-
minal, 2—3-flowered, short ; bracts lanceolate, deciduous ; calyx globose,
inflated, villous, 5-angled, the broadly ovate, mucronulate lobes conni-
vent ; petals scarcely longer than the calyx, revolute, the claw shorter
than the narrow limb ; fil. linear, much longer than the anthers; ovary
oblong, stellulate. DC. Prod. 1.p.494. Thunb. Cap. p. 504. E. § Z.
355. Cav. Diss. t. 181. 7.3. H. angularis, E. & Z.! 356, non Jacq.

Has. Hills round Capetown, common ; and generally throughout the
Uitenhage and Albany.’ (Herb. .C.D., Hook”, Sond. gg Sonnee

Not much branched, 2-3 feet high, with long, simple, erect branches. Pubes-
cence generally pale, not always so. Leaves commonly obovate and very obtuse ; but
varying as above. Calyx bladdery. Petals pale yellow.

39. H. ternifolia (Presl, Bot. Bem. p. 21.); shrubby, diffuse, slender; _
branches minutely scurfy ; leaves tapering at base into a short petiole. ~ = =
cuneate, crenulate at the blunt extremity, stellulato-canescent on both sur-
faces ; stipules leafy, spathulate, obtuse ; peduncles sub-racemose, short, —
one-flowered ; calyx inflated, globose, sguamulose, the teeth short, deltoid;
petals strongly convolute, the glabrous claw longer than the obovate limb;

*

198 BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) [Hermannia.

fil. narrow-linear, much longer than the obtuse anthers; ovary obovate,
5-angled, pubescent. ZH. triphylla, Drege! non Cav. :

Has. Between Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay, Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,
Sond.).

A small, slender shrublet, canescent in all parts with very white, short, tufted
hairs. The foliage is like that of H. trifoliata, but the inflorescence and calyces are
very different. Stipules more than half as long as the leaves.

40. H. trifoliata (Linn.); shrubby, erect ; branches virgate, stelulate;
leaves crowded, sub-sessile, cuneate, truncate or emarginate, entire or
erenulate at the point, stellato-canescent on both sides ; stipules leaf-
like and nearly as long as the leaf, broadly oblong or elliptical, obtuse ;
flowers densely crowded at end of branches, on short 1-2-flowered pedun-
cles; calyx globose, 5-angled, somewhat inflated, 5-fid, densely stellulate,
the lobes ovate, acute ; petals strongly convolute, the claw shorter than
the broadly cuneate, spreading limb ; fil. oblong, longer than the sub-
acute anthers, DC. Prod. 1. p. 494, non E. & Z. Cav. Diss. t. 182. f. 2-
HI. imbricata, E. & Z. 381.

Has. Between Cape L’Agulhas and Potberg, Drege! Paardekop, near Pletten-
burg Bay, £. ¢ Z./ “Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Baa. .

_ A densely leafy, strongly woody, but small shrub, Leaves imbricating, }-1 inch
long, tapering much at ; the stipules 3-3 as long, called ‘lateral leaves” by
Linneus. Pubescence short and close, often yellowish, velvetty. Corolla deep

41. H. suavis (Presl, Bot. Bem. p.21); shrubby, erect, much branched;
branches tomentose ; leaves obovate or obcordate, round- topped, entire, softly
villous and stellato-canescent on both sides ; stipules leaf-like and nearly
equalling the leaves, oblong or elliptical, obtuse ; fl. crowded towards
the ends of the branches, sub-sessile ; bracts linear ; calyx urceolate,
stellate and villous, 5-toothed, the teeth deltoid, connivent ; petals revo-
lute, the claw shorter than the narrow, strap-shaped limb ; filaments
oblong, longer than the small, obtuse anthers ; ovary stellate and tomen-
tose, hispid at top. H. involuerata, E. &: Z.! ex parte. Drege, 7268.

_ Has. Between Coega and Sondag Rivers ; and Cradockstaad, near Port Elizabeth,
&e., E&Z.! Small Deel, Burke! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).
Near H. trifoliata, under which name it occurs in Herbaria ; but differing in foliage,

i iedieeclened, So allied to H. hyssopifolia. Flowers pale yellow or

her! Breede River, Drege! 8, Storm
*b. Hook., Sond).

ence of a different structure.
flat scales, stellulate at the

Hermannia.}- BYTTNERIACEZ (Haryv.) 3 199

43. H. mucronulata (Turez. Bull. Mose. 1858. p.217); shrubby, erect,
canescent ; branches virgate ; leaves oblongo- or ovato-lanceolate, acute,
quite entire, one-nerved, somewhat veiny below, softly velvetty on both
sides ; stipules leaf-like, petiolate, broadly lanceolate, one-nerved ; flowers
crowded at the ends of the branches; bracts linear; calyx stellato-
scabrid, inflated, 5-toothed, the teeth short, deltoid, connivent ; petals
not much longer than the calyx, the claw shorter than the narrow limb;
fil. broadly-oblong, rather longer than the anthers ; ovary canescent.
H. saluefolia, H. & Z.! 353. Drege, 7267. H. salicifolia, Harv. MSS.
Pes Mountain sides, Vanstaadensberg, E. & Z./ Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,
A Gichis shrub, 2-3 feet high, softly velvetty. Very near H. velutina; but the
stipules are much larger and more leaf-like, nearly as long as the leaves, and the
calyx is inflated and much rougher. Nate ou

44, H. velutina (DC. Prod. t. p. 495); shrubby, erect, canescent ;
leaves distinctly petiolate, oblong or sub-lanceolate, acute, sub-acute, or
mucronulate, quite entire, softly velvetty on both sides ; stipules leaf-
lke, linear-oblong or lanceolate, one-nerved, acute, half as long as the leaf;
peduncles racemulose, short, 2-3-flowered, bracts narrow linear; calyx
campanulate, stellato-tomentose, semi-5-fid, segments triangular, acute ;
petals } longer than calyx, the claw shorter than the ovate-oblong limb;
fil. broadly obovate, shorter than the anthers ; ovary oblong, canescent.
£.§ Z.! 357. H. lavandulefolia, Drege !

Has. Among shrubs. Uitenhage and Albany, frequent, #.42Z./ dc. (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

2-3 feethigh. Very like H. lavandulefolia, but the leaves are more decidedly

iolate, and the stipules very different ; the petals and filaments are also dissimilar.
Drege's 7282, probably belongs here.

45. H. lavandulefolia (Linn.); shrubby, erect, canescent ; leaves
tapering at base into a very short petiole, oblong or sub-lanceolate, acuts
or mucronulate, entire or denticulate near the apex, softly velvetty on
both sides ; stipules narrow-subulate, somewhat longer than the petiole ;—
flowers racemulose, peduncles 2-3-flowered, bracts subulate ; calyx tur-
binate, velvetty or stellato-tomentose, semi-5-fid, 5-angled, the lobes tri-
angular, acute; petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw longer than
the roundish limb ; fil. oblong or obovate, longer than the anthers ;
ovary oblong, canescent. DC. Prod. 1. p. 495. Thunb. Cap. p. 501.
Jacq. Schoenb. t.215. Cav. Diss, t. 180. f.1. £. &Z.! 360. H. odorata,
Ait! fide Herb. Banks. Drege, 7281, 7283. |

Has. Cape Flats, near Salt River; and on the Kars River, Caledon, Ed Z.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond., Thunb.).

2-3 feet high, erect, and much branched, woody. Very like H. velutina, but dif-
fering in stipules, &c. The leaves in our specimens are much smaller and narro
than in Jacquin’s figure, otherwise very good.

46. H. Cavanillesiana (E. & Z.! 361); erect, shrubby, canescant ;

leaves narrow-obovate or spathulate, tapering at base into a short petiole, =
acute or reeurvo-mucronulate, softly velvetty on both sides, quite entire; =
stipules leaf-like, one-nerved, linear-acute, } as long as the leaves ; flowers re

racemose, bracts subulate ; calyx obconic, 5-fid, the teeth trian
acuminate ; petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw shorter t

200 BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) [ Hermannia.

oblong limb ; fil. inear-oblong, longer than the obtuse anthers. Drega —

429%.

Has. Between Assagaiskloof and Breede River, Z. ¢ Z.! Caledon, Zeyher!

Gauritz River, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.). :
Intermediate in character between H. velutina and H. lavandulefotia; but with
smaller flowers than either, and in longer racemes. Petals dark, ruddy-orange- E.
& Z.! refer, perhaps correctly, to Cav. Diss. t, 180. f. 1. x.; but that figure does not
clearly show the stipules.

- 47. 1. sulcata (Harv.); shrubby, diffuse, canescent ; leaves narrow-
obovate, tapering at base, obtuse or mucronulate, entire or crenulate, softly
velvetty on both sides ; stipules leaf-like, linear, acute, } of leaf; flowers
(small) paniculato-racemose, partial peduncles 2—3-flowered, bracts subu-
late, small ; calyx obconico-prismatic, ribbed and furrowed, stellato-tomen-
tose, 5-fid, the lobes triangular, petals twice as long as the calyx, the
claw much shorter than the spathulate limb; ovary oblong, pubescent.
H. odorata, LE. & Z.! 359, non Att.

Has. Clayey hills at Sondag River, and near Port Elizabeth, £ ¢ Z./ Algoa Bay,
Forbes! (Herb. Hook., Sond.). 2

A small, but woody and scrubby bush, much branched and densely covered with
leaves. Flowers pale yellow, in dense, many-flowered panicles. The calyx is re
markably narrow and strongly 10-ribbed. It is nearest to H. Cavanillesiana, but
has broader and more obovate leaves, and different flowers and inflorescence.

48. H. gracilis (FE. & Z.! 358); shrubby, the young branches minutely
scurfy ; leaves on short petioles, sub-fasciculate, obovate-oblong or ob-
longo-lanceolate, tapering at base, obtuse or acute, the lower denticulate,
the upper entire, all velvetty and canescent on both sides ; stipules
leafy, broadly linear, sub-acute, one-nerved; inflorescence... - + 1 calyx

interspaces ; petals twice as long.

Has. Karroo, Graaf Reynet, £. § Z:! (Herb. Sond.).

Of this I have examined the original (very incomplete) fen in Herb. Ecklon.
It has nearly the foliage of H. velutina, but differs in the calyx from that and all the
allied species. Flowers yellow, of moderate size. Stipules 3 as long as the leaves.

Group 7. Laveririora#. Peduncles aaillary, distributed along the
branches, not obviously racemose. Leaves undivided. Pubescence stel-
_ late or tomentose. (Sp. 49-56.)

oe 49. B Sandersoni (Harv.); suffruticose, erect, many-stemmed ; stems

- Tate in the
the lob

campanulate, downy, 5-toothed, the teeth deltoid, acute, with wide, rounded ©

Hermannia. | BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) 201

1-14 inch long, $-3 inch wide. Flowers very rough. Petals strongly convolute,
reddish-orange (?) Not nearly related to any other species.

50. H. candidissima (Spreng., fide E. & Z.! 331); shrubby, much
branched, canescent; branches albo-tomentose and stellato-hispid; leaves
on long petioles, ovate or cordate-ovate, obtuse, sinuate or lobulate, crenate,
plaited and undulate, densely stellato-tomentose on both sides; stipules
lanceolate-linear, obtuse ; peduncles axillary, 1—2-flowered, short ; bracts
linear, small ; calyx sub-globose, densely stellate and tomentose, the teeth
deltoid, acuminate ; petals about twice as long as the calyx, pubescent
and ciliate, the claw longer than the oval limb ; fil. broadly obovate,
scarcely longer than the hastate anthers ; ovary pedicellate, ovoid,
sparsely pubescent. J. vestita, ZH. Mey. in Herb. Drege. |

Has. Karroo, between Beaufort and Graaf Reynet, £. & Z./ ssi okt Viekport
River, Zeyher! Graaf Reynet, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

A bushy shrub, wholly covered with rough, pungent, densely fascicled white hairs,
‘*which” (says Mrs. Barber) ‘“‘sting something like a nettle.” Leaves as broad as
long, rarely exceeding} inch. In luxuriant specimens the lower leaves become some-
what lobed. Drege’s 7298, from between Zwarteberg and Kendo, scarcely differs,

except that the leaves are flat, not plaited, the stipules rather broader, and the habit _
less woody.

51. H. floribunda (Harv.); shrubby, erect ; branches virgate, roughly
stellato-pubescent ; leaves on longish petioles, ovate or sub-cordate, obtuse,
repand or crenate, stellato-pubescent on the upper, tomentose on the lower
side ; stipules subulate, scabrous ; peduncles axillary, two or more from
the same axil, short, 1-2 or more flowered ; calyx campanulate, semi-5-fid,
stellato-pubescent, the lobes deltoid-acuminate ; petals scarcely exceed-
ing the calyx, the broad claw equalling the oval limb ; fil narrow-
linear, longer than the acute anthers; ovary canescent ; capsule tomen-
tose, as long as the calyx.
‘Has. Vaal Rivier, Burke and Zeyher. Jan. (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.)..
Pte allied th a mete any other, but far less bay :

orescence, , an . wering specimens, gathered Jan., are
Herb. Hook’ ; tha cther specials sotn, eeliseied tn the wane toeslily, ai May have
withered leaves and are in fruit. ‘ ee 5 oi

52. H. boraginiflora (Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 597); suffruticose, erect, stel-
lato-pubescent and glandular; branches scabrous; leaves on short peti-
oles, oblong or obovate, flat, dentate, thinly pubescent above, more
thickly stellulate below ; stipules minute, ovate, acute ; flower-stalks
axillary, 1-flowered, as long as the leaves, minutely bracteate above the
middle ; calyx campanulate, laxly stellate, deeply 5-fid, the lobes subu-
late; petals scarcely as long as the calyx, obovate ; fil. obovato-spathulate,
much shorter than the taper-pointed, connivent and exserted anthers; ovary
obovoid, pubescent.

Has. Macallisberg, Burke and Zeyher. (Herb. Hook , T.C.D.). es

1-2 feet high, rather thinly pubescent ; the branches leafy below, flowering towards ee
the ends, the upper leaves gradually smaller and narrower. Lower leaves 1 inch Mae
long. The mae ee tapering, exserted anthers, in this and the two following =
species, stand together in a cone, like those of a Borage. a ee

53. H. micropetala (Harv.); suffruticose, erect, stellato-pubescent ; a
leaves on short petioles, the lower oblong or obovate, toothed, the | pper -

202 BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) [Hermannia.

smaller, more lanceolate, entire, all stellato-pubescent, specially on the
lower side; stipules minute, swbulate; flower-stalks axillary, one-flowered,

longer than the leaf, minutely bracteolate beyond the middle ; calyx
densely tomentose and stellulate, deeply 5-parted, the lobes subulate ;
petals shorter than the filaments, cucullate and truncate ; fil. obovate, much
shorter than the connivent and exserted anthers ; ovary oblong, stellato-
pubescent.

Has. Delagoa Bay, Forbes! (Herb, Hook.) .

Nearly related to H. boraginijlora, but not glandular ; and differing in calyx,
petals and ovary. Also near the following, but with a different habit, smaller, less
uniform and not canescent leaves; a more hairy calyx and shorter and differently
shaped petals. Though not found within the geographical limits of our Flora, I am
unwilling to omit a species so nearly allied to others of this section.

54. H. brachypetala (Harv.) ; suffruticose, diffuse or procumbent,
stellato-canescent ; branches tomentose ; leaves on short petioles, oblong,
obtuse, flat, denticulate, veluetty and canescent, especially on the lower
side ; stipules subulate ; fl. stalks axillary, deflexed, as long as the leaf,
bracteate near the summit, bracts subulate ; calyx stellate and villous,
deeply 5-parted, the lobes subulate; petals much shorter than the calyx,
spoon-shaped ; filaments narrow-obovate, much shorter than the conni-
vent and exserted anthers ; ovary ovoid, tomentose ; capsule truncate,
as long as the calyx.

Has. Macallisberg, Burke & Zeyher! ; ! (Herb. Hook.,
Sond, TOD) berg. “ Zooloo Country, Miss Owen! (

ore canescent than either of the ing, wii more uniform leav
and flowers distributed along the eats contol thee upper half. The
ego are remarkably patent, with nodding flowers, and are gradually deflexed in

55. H. exstipulata (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege); much branched, shrubby,
canescent ; leaves on short petioles, oblong, obtuse, very entire, flat, one-
nerved below, densely stellato-canescent on both sides ; stipules none ;
flower-stalks axillary, one-flowered, jointed in the middle, hispid above
the joint, ebracteate ; flowers nodding; calyx campanulate, densely tomen-
tose and stellato-hispid, deeply 5-parted, the lobes triangular, acuminate;
petals scarcely longer than the calyx, the obconie claw much shorter
than the broadly oval, spoon-shaped limb ; filaments spathulate, scarcely
a8 long as the acuminate anthers ; ovary ovoid, stellulate.
8 Has. Hills eed flats near the mouth of the Orange River, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D.,
_ | ‘The whole : is densely clothed with v short, closely set, stellate, whitish
Sees poe Tate sudan 4 inch long, not } fei whde, The seaiimecnse on the upper
_ half of flower-stalk and on the is much coarser than on other parts. Flowers
3 ow. Filaments intermediate in character between those of Hermannia
a, being narrow for 3 their length and then suddenly widened ; but

«

3 56. H. Gariepina (F.& 7. 384); divaricately much-branched, shrubby,

canhescent ; leas ‘ short * . é
> n short petioles, oblong, obtuse, quite entire or 3
toothed, flat, one-nerve ath utellat oar Gath eases “ole

Gas th se: ing cma
membranous, thinly lanuginous and stellate, deeply 5-cleft, the lobes tri-

Hermannia.] —sBYTTNERIACER (Harv.) 203

angular-acuminate ; petals twice as long as the calyx, the obconic claw

much shorter than the broadly oval limb ; fil. cuneate, cordate at top,

rather shorter than the tapering anthers ; ovary 5-umboned, stellato-

tomentose ; capsule 5-pointed. H. racemosa, L. Mey.!

Pac Boschesman’s Land, £.&Z./ Silverfontein, Drege’ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,
ma. ).

A small densely branched bush, more tomentose than H. exstipulata, with larger
flowers, a different ovary and capsule and evident stipules. The petals, according to
E. & Z., are pale violet. The filaments are thiandivedhane with those of a Mahernia ;
and the deeply umboned capsule connects with our section Acicarpus. ;

Group 8 Prynatiripa. Leaves deeply pinnatifid, bi-pinnatifid or
multifid. Habit various. (Sp. 57-65.) |

57. H. pulverata (Andr. Rep. t. 161.); suffruticose, sgwamuloso-canes-
cent ; branches leafy below, naked above; leaves on longish petioles,
deeply inciso-pinnatifid or bi-pinnatifid, the lobes cuneate, lobed, both
surfaces sprinkled or covered with silvery, stellulate appressed scales ; sti-
pules ovato-lanceolate ; peduncles racemoso-paniculate, elongate, 2-
flowered ; calyx campanulate, 5-cleft, canescent, the lobes deltoid, acute;
petals glabrous, twice as long as calyx, the claw shorter than the limb;
fil. oblong, longer than the obtuse anthers; ovary obovoid, pubescent.
H. pulverulenta, DC. Prod. 1. p. 496. E.& Z.! 375; and H. argentea,
L. § Z.! 376.

Has. Kafroo districts of George and Uitenhage, EZ. § Z./ Sondag River, Drege!
Albany, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Stems woody at base, sub-herbaceous upwards, 12-18 inches high, paniculately
po ca Leaves and petioles each 1 inch long, deeply cut. Flowers orange-
yellow.

58. H. argentea (Sm. in Rees. Encycl.); “leaves bi-pinnatifid, covered
with stellate scales, the lobes decurrent ; peduncles racemose, one-
flowered,” DO. l.¢.p. 496. — ee

I cannot say how this differs from the preceding. A. argeniea, E. & Z.! is not
Sintingidhable trom. 2, pulerane MSs aioe Sta tel

59. H. tenuifolia (Bot. Mag. t. 1348); erect, suffruticose, slender, sub-
dichotomous ; branches thinly stellulate ; leaves sub-sessile, deeply pinna-
tifid, the lobes narrow-linear, acute, glabrous above, sparsely stellulate
below; stipules short, broadly ovate, amplexicaul ; peduncles racemoso-
paniculate, elongate, bracteate near the summit, 2-flowered; bracts ovate;
fl. buds acuminate; calyx campanulate, glabrous, the lobes deltoid-cus-
pidate ; petals twice as long, the narrow, downy claw as long as the
ovate limb; fil. broadly obovate, longer than the hastate anthers ; ovary
obovoid, pubescent. DC. Prod. 1.p.496. E.d& Z. 374; and H. coro-
nopifolia, H, & Z.! 377; also Mahernia pinnata, E. & Z.! non Linn,

Has. Hills near Caledon and Somerset, £. § Z./ Hartebeeste River, Zeyher, 2001.
Between the Breede River and Bokkeveld, and Hex River, Drege! (Herb. Hook.,

Sond.).
‘Stems 12-18 inches high, leafy below, bare above, paniculately branched. Leaves

43 inch long, channelled above, somewhat fleshy, each lobe tipped with a stiff hair;
as are also the calyx segments. FI. orange-yellow.

_ 60. HL paucifolia (Turez, Bull. Mosc. 1858, p. 218); erect, suffruticose,

204 : BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) [ Hermannia.
slender, dichotomo-paniculate ; branches zigzag, naked above, glabrous;
leaves on long petioles, oblong, inciso-pinnatifid or sub-bipinnatifid, the
lobes cuneate, lobed or cleft, glabrescent above, stellato-pubescent and
paler below ; stipules broadly ovate, short ; peduncles racemoso-pani-
culate, 2-flowered; fl. buds acuminate ; calyx campanulate, angular,
puberulous and glandular, the segments short, deltoid-acuminate ; petals
twice as long as calyx, the claw rather shorter than the roundish limb ;
fil. marrow-cuneate, as long as the tapering anthers ; ovary pubescent.
_ HI, dissecta, Harv.

Has. Bitterfontein, Zeyher! 118. (Herb. Hook., Sond., Benth.).

Stems 12-18 inches high. It resembles H. tenuifolia, but the leaves are more

compound, the stems glabrous, and the anthers taper-pointed, &c. It differs from
the following in pubescence, the shape of the flower-buds, &c.

61. H. chrysanthemifolia (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege); suffruticose,
diffuse, leafy below ; branches naked, paniculate, pubescent and canescent;
leaves petiolate, inciso-pinnatifid or sub-bipinnatifid, the lobes cuneate,
obtusely lobulate or cleft, stellulate above, canescent below ; stipules ovate,
short; peduncles racemoso-paniculate, tomentose, 2-flowered ; fl. buds
ovate ; calyx campanulate, stellato-canescent, the segments deltoid, acute;
petals twice as long ; filaments broadly oblong, longer than the acute
anthers ; ovary albo-tomentose.

Has. Kaus Mts., near Goedemanskraal, Rustbank and Kookfontein, Drege!
(Herb. Hook., Benth.).

Our specimens are small and imperfect. Flowers yellow. It differs from the last

chiefly in pubescence, flower-buds and anthers.

62. H. abrotanoides (Schrad.) ; scarcely suffruticose, slender, stellato-
tomentose, procumbent ; stems angular, stellulate ; leaves petiolate, bv-
prnnatifid, the lobules linear, obtuse, stellato-canescent, especially on the
lower side; stipules subulate; peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, shorter
than the leaves, bibracteolate; calyx globose, inflated and tomentose,
with 5 short, deltoid-cuspidate teeth ; petals not twice as long, erect,
convolute, the claw longer than the limb; filaments broadly obovate.

Has. C.B.S. (Herb. Wendland!)

Of this I have seen but a single branch. The flowers are bright yellow. It dif-
fers from the following, apparently, in the incision of the leaves.

63. H. multifida (DC. Prod. 1. p. 493); “leaves canescent, palmati-
_ partite, the lobes pinnati-partite, lobules linear, entire, somewhat chan-

2 << : nelled ; pedicels one-lowered, shorter than the leaves ; calyx inflated,

puberulous.” DC. Burch. Cat. 1627.

icacah . Prod 1. p. 493); “leaves whitish on the lower,

punctate = the upper surface, the lower ones palmately 5-parted, upper

3 eee 7 Pinnatifid, the middle longer ; peduncles 2-4-flowered,

pri the leaves ; calyx inflated, puberulous.” DC. Burch, Cat.
Has. South Africa, Burehell, =

65. H. incisa (Willd.! Sp. 3. 599); suffruticose ; stems slender, patently

Hermannia.] BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) 205

hispid; leaves sub-sessile, deeply pinnatifid, the segments patent, linear,
acute, ciliate ; stipules lanceolate, ciliate ; peduncles racemose, pedicels
one-flowered ; calyx sub-glabrous, divided nearly to the base, the lobes
lanceolate ; petals deeply inciso-pinnatifid. DC. Prod. 1. p. 496.

Has. Uncertain. (Herb. Willd.!) -

I describe from the original specimen in Willdenow’s Herb.; but consider this
curious plant to be a garden monstrosity. If a genuine species, none can be more

distinct. =

Sub-genus 2, Acicarpus.

Capsule truncate, crowned with 5-10, divergent, simple or plumose
horns. (Sp. 66-70.)

66. H. trifurcata (Linn.); shrubby, wirgate, canescent; branches
downy or glabrescent ; leaves on short petioles, linear-cuneate, truncate,
2—3-toothed, or entire and obtuse or sub-acute, canescent and pulverulent
on both sides ; stipules minute, subulate ; peduncles racemose, one-
flowered, pendulous, shorter than the leaf ; calyx campanulate, villous,
semi-5-fid, veiny, the lobes ovate, acute ; petals twice as long, obovate;
fil. obovate, shorter than the tapering, ciliate anthers; capsule plumoso-
villose, truncate, ten-horned. DC. Prod. 1. p.495. Cav. Diss. t. 178.
Ff. 2. Jacg. Schoend. t.125. Thunb.! Cap. p. 503. H. bicornis, E. & Z.!
385, and Mahernia hilaris, E. & Z.! 389. M. incana, E. & Z.! 388.

Has. Cape, Masson! Near Saldanha Bay ; along the Berg River and near Stel-
lenbosch, and at Brackfontein, Z. & Z./ Silverfontein, and near Groenekloof, Drege /
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond., Banks., Thunb.),

2—3 feet high, pallid and more or less velvetty with very short hairs. Flowers
violet or purplish, in terminal pseudo-racemes. #1. trifurcata of E. & Z.! is H. angu-
laris, Jacq., for the most part.

67. H. spinosa (E. Mey.!); shrubby, divaricately much branched, the
branches glabrous ; leaves (small) petiolate, scattered, cuneate, sub-
truncate, coarsely 3—5-toothed, minutely stellulate on both sides ; stipules
minute, subulate, deciduous ; peduncles axillary, as long as the leaves,
jointed, one-flowered, the lower half persistent and hardening into blunt
spreading spines ; calyx glabrescent, veiny, deeply 5-fid, the segments
broadly subulate ; petals narrow-obovate, not much longer than the
calyx ; fil. linear-cuneate, shorter than the tapering anthers ; ovary
crested ; capsules villous, with ten divergent horns. Mahernia spinosa,
Burch. in DC. Prod. t. p. 497? Mahernia, No. 88, Herb. Eck.! Zey. 124.

Has. Gamke River, Burke and Zeyher. Nieuweveld, Drege. (Herb., T.C.D.,
Hook., Sond.).

bush, 6-12 inches high, with pale bark, and few leaves, Leaves
} se ag. A coal, pede The ines = a of old peduncles, are }—} inch
long. I cannot say whether or not this be Mahernia spinosa of Burchell ; but our

plant is a Hermannia.

68. H. linearifolia (Harv.); shrubby, divaricate ; branches glabrous
or viscidulous ; leaves fascicled or scattered, narrow-linear or linear-lan-
ceolate, tapering at base, obtuse, entire, glabrous and slightly viscid ;
stipules subulate; peduncles racemose, cernuous, shorter than the leaf,
one-flowered ; calyx semi-5-fid, glabrous, glandular, the lobes broadly

206 RYTTNERIACE® (Harv.) [ Hermannia.

subulate ; petals obovate, flat, not much longer than the calyx ; fila-
ments spathulate, rather shorter than the tapering anthers ; ovary top-
shaped ; capsule obconic, crowned with ten divergent horns. H. lini-
folia, E. Mey.! non Linn, .

Has. Winterveld and Nieuweveld, Drege! Orange River, Burke & Zeyher! Somer-
set, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.).

A. stout woody, much-branched, scrubby bush, with densely leafy divergent
— Leaves a line broad, nearly an inch long, mostly tufted. Flowers pur-
P

69. H. filipes (Harv.); slender, suffruticose ; branches stellato-pubes-
cent ; leaves on short petioles, sub-distant, linear-lanceolate, acute at
each end, quite entire, nearly glabrous, or sparsely stellulate ; stipules
minute ; peduncles axillary, filiform, longer than the leaves, jointed, brac-
teate, one-flowered, nearly glabrous; calyx campanulate, deeply 5-parted,
glabrescent, segments from a broad base subulate ; petals scarcely
longer than the calyx; fil. much shorter than the taper-pointed anthers;

capsule glabrescent except the angles, shortly 5-horned.
SS wa tee ——- Miss Owen! (Herb. RSs a
istinct any described ies. I have seen a si specimen,
soldaati-5 snag aiid The root “Syaenrs fibrous ; the stem pibcabihed, hed, 6.8
‘inches high, the leaves 14 inch long, 1-2 lines wide, nearly an inch apart ; the
peduncles 13-2 inches long and very slender, quite naked and strictly one-flowered.

70. H. stricta (Harv.); shrubby, slender, minutely viscid, nearly gla-
brous ; branches virgate, straight ; leaves sub-distant, on short petioles,
cuneate-obovate, truncate, toothed above, glabrous, viscidulous; stipules
minute, subulate ; peduncles racemose, one-flowered, jointed and
minutely bracteolated below the flower ; calyx sparsely hairy and
ciliate, deeply 5-parted, segments broadly subulate, mid-ribbed ; petals
thrice as long as the calyx, broadly obovate, expanded ; fil. broadly spathu-
late, much longer than the oblong, blunt anthers ; capsule with ten, plu-
moso-villous horns. Mahernia stricta, EH. Mey.! Turcz. Mose. 1858,
p. 222.

Has. Between Natvoet and the Gareep, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

_Readily known by its large, expanded flowers, which are very like those of Maker-
nia grandiflora, or of an Ozalis, The stamens and inflorescence are those of a Her-
mannia. It seems to be a small, slender and slightly branched shrub, more or less
viscid, and nearly glabrous, save for a few scattered, stellate hairs.

_ AppEnDix.—Doubtful, or little known species.

I i. triphylla (Cav. Dis. 6. t. 178. f. 3, non Linn); “leaves roughish,
ipartite, the parts cuneate, truncate and toothed at the apex, the inter-
pet olate ; stipules lanceolato-subulate.” DC. Prod. 1. p. 494-

H. glandulosa (Link, Enum. 2 = ually cre-
maniosa (Link, Enum. 2. p, 179); “leaves oval, unequally cre
any in? ee em acute, often incised ; stem glandu-

H melechisiles Guach, Cal. a9¢7), ©
ually toothed: sae ee leaves glabrous, ovate, une
—. ; Stipules ovate-acuminate : pedi |
than the leaf ; filaments filiform-linear.”” Bebede qoecherarel shorter

i

Hermannia.} BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) 207

H. bryonifolia (Burch, Cat. 2131); “leaves roughly stellulate, cordate-
ovate, unequally toothed ; stipules linear-lanceolate ; pedicels one-
flowered, patent, nodding.” DC. 1. c.

H. coronopifolia (Link, En. 2. p. 180); “leaves linear, pinnatifid,
fleshy, glabrescent ; stem pubescent.” DC. 1. c. p. 496.

H. hispidula (Rchb. Ic. Cult. t. 69); “calyx cup-shaped; flowers
laxly panicled ; leaves lanceolate, toothed beyond the middle, acute,
hispidulous, as well as the branches.” Walp. Repert. 1. p. 346.

H. discolor (Otto, & Dietr. Gart. 8, 314); “branches hairy ; leaves
oblong, obtuse, sub-cordate, undulato-crenate, rugose, hairy and green
above, glauco-tomentose below; stipules subulate ; fl. term., sub-race-
moge ; peduncle short, aggregate, one-flowered ; calyx campanulate.”
Walp. l. ¢. ;

H. venosa (Bartl. in Ott. & Dietr. 1c. 315); “hairy ; leaves ovato-
sub-rotund, toothed, undulate, veiny, rugose; stipules ovate, much
acuminate, the point toothed; ped. axillary, solitary ; fi. aggregated at
the apex of the peduncle, involucred with bracts ; calyx sub-urceolate.”
Walp. 1. ¢.

H. glauca (Hort. Herrenb. Ott. & Dietr. p. 330); “branches glabrous;
leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, acute, serrate above, glabrous, flat,
glaucous ; stipules ovate, entire; fl. terminal, sub-racemose ; ped. axil-
lary, 2-flowered.” Walp. l. c. p. 347.

H. leucanthemifolia (Ott. & Dietr. 1. c.); “branches glabrescent ;
leaves shortly petiolate, lanceolate, toothed above, glabrous, smooth ;
stip. obliquely cordate, sub-entire ; fl. terminal, panicled ; calyces 5-
angled, campanulate.” Walp. l.c. p. 347. age

H. cluytiefolia (Otto & Dietr. 1c. 332) ; “branches tomentulose ;
leaves short-stalked, oblong and lanceolate, mucronulate, quite entire,
holosericeous, whitish ; stipules large, lanceolate, holosericeous ; pedun-
cles axillary, 3-fl.; calyx campanulate, angulate.” Wadlp./.c.

Stamens §, opposite the petals ; their filaments suddenly dilated and
mostly tubereulated in the middle, or somewhat cruciform. Other cha-
racters, as in Hermannia. Hndl. Gen. 5341. DC. Prod. 1. p. 496.

Small shrubs or under-shrubs, or perennial herbs, almost all natives of S. Africa;
a few from North Africa. Leaves alternate, frequently deeply cut or pinnatifid,
rarely entire. Stipules petiolar. Peduncles mostly two flowered, terminal or oppo-
site the leaves ; pedicels slender, bracteate at base. Flowers nodding, red, orange,
violet or yellow. The name is an anagram of Hermannia, from which genus this -
differs, as sear’ Poa artificial character in the filaments, as by the natural one of
terminal, not , inflorescence, I have grouped the species chiefly by differ-
ences in the incision and pubescence of the leaves.

~

208 BYTTNERIACEH (Harv.) [Mahernia.
ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

Group 1. Verticillate. Leaves spuciousl whorled ; that is, the sti-
pules large, resembling the leaves, and parted to the ‘base into two or
three leaf-like segments. (Sp. 1-6.)

ee hay kw lly. Calyx inflated, s-toothed... (1) grandistipula.
So! and woolly. in 5-toot 1) grandistip
ag or thinly pubescent. cade deeply 5 parted (2) heterophylla,

** Procumbent :—
Bracts linear, leaf-like, separate ... (3) verticillata. ~~
Bracts connate into an amplexicaul jnvolucre ; :

Leaves, stems and calyces densely glendule. ... (5) humifasa.
Leaves glabrous, pinnatifid ... .. ... (4) diffusa.
Leaves thinly stellate, bi-pinnatipartite... .. os. (6) multifida. —

Group 2. Pinnatifide. Stipules simple. Leaves alternate, deeply
inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes linear or oblong. (Sp. 7-14.)

* Erect or sub-erect :-— a
Stellato-pubescent. Capsule bladdery, much inflated _(7) vesicaria. r
Stellato-pubescent. Capsule not inflated... ... (8
Glabrous ; branches exuding a gummy substance ... (9) pulchella,

<* Prcomuant or very diffuse. : ee
Bracts separate ; stipules linear, entire ...... ... (11) sisymbriifolia
Bracts connate ; stipules ovate ;
_ Branches scabrous, leaves stellulate ... . (10) pilosula.

Glabrous, or glandular ; leaf-lobes flat and broad... (12) bipinnata.
Pubescent ; leaf-lobes very narrow, channelled ..._ (13) anthemifolia.
Stellulate and canescent ; peduncles very short ... (14) marginata.

Group 3. Lacerifoliz. Leaves unequally inciso-lacerate, or crenato-
lobulate ; not regularly pinnatifid, nor equally toothed. (Sp. 15-19.)
Casals 2-3 times as long as the calyx :—
gs Fee suffruticose, glabrescent or paces? eos

” ... (15) coccocarpa
' ‘Trailing, herbaceous, scabrous and glandular ... ..» (16) seabra.
Capsule not much longer than the calyx ;

Petioles much shorter than the leaves,

Hispid and scabrous ; bracts distinct... (17) rutila.
Glabrous, stellulate, or glandular ; bracts comiate .. (18) erodioides.
~ Petioles long ; pubescence whitish... --- (£9) nana.

~ Group 4. Dentatz. Leaves linear, ovate, sub-rotund, obovate or ob-
oe long, cP toothed or sub-entire, sub-glabrous (not tomentose). (Sp.

Stems ory aren —m distant... ... ... (20) gracilis.
) or Sot close set ... (21) Linneeoides.

Pube wee Pied. as variously ss = Abyssinica.
¥ stipules cu 24
"ee stellate and viscid ; 3 Stipules dhities ; leaves
Lea ant ink oh ee. 2 slomrene:
ves linear-lanceolate ; peduncles yery short é inearis.
Leaves oblong or oval; towers evap ee = parvifors

Mahernia.] BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) 209

Group 5. Tomentose. Leaves oblong, ovate or cordate, albo-tomen-
tose or woolly. (Sp. 29-33.)
Leaves broadly elliptic or ovate-oblong, cordate at base :—
Petals twice as long as calyx; ovary tomentose... ... (29) chrysantha.
Petals scarcely longer than calyx ; ovary pubescent ... (30) betoniczefolia.
Leaves broadly ovate-oblong, velvetty, rounded at base ; :

the calyx teeth acuminate, as long asthe petals ... (31) vestita.
Leaves narrow-oblong or linear, cuneate at base :—
Procumbent ; stipules and bracts deeply incised... ... (32) oblongifolia.
Sub-erect ; stipules and bracts subulate ... ... ... (33) tomentosa.

Group 1. Verticitiate. (Sp. 1-6.)

1. M. grandistipula (Buching.); suffruticose, sub-erect, pilose or vil-
lous ; leaves shortly petiolate, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, toothed
or sub-entire, sprinkled with long, soft, tufted hairs, membranous ;
stipules leafy, palmately 3—4-parted, the segments lanceolate ; peduncles
shorter than the leaves, 2-flowered ; bracts palmatifid ; calyx globose,
inflated, villous, 5-toothed, the teeth short, deltoid ; petals scarcely longer
than the calyx, pubescent, obtuse ; ovary obconic, canescent. Herm.
decumbens, Drege, non Willd.

Has. Port Natal, Krauss, No.175, Sanderson! Between Gekau and Basche, Drege /
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook.)

‘Stems about 1 foot high, branching below, sub-erect, woody at base, covered with
long, white, soft, stellate hairs. Leaves 1-1} inches long, rarely 4 inch broad, green,
chiefly hairy on the nerves of the lower surface, rarely sub-entire. Stipules longer
than the petioles, quite like leaves, deeply cut. Calyx becoming bladdery in fruit.
Filaments cruciform, with a very hairy, transverse tubercle above the middle ; anthers
short. A remarkably distinct species, easily known by its stipules and inflated calyces.

2. M. heterophylla (Cav. Diss. 6. p. 324. t. 178. f. 1.) ; stems erect,
flexuous, branching, scabrous ; leaves glabrous, scaberulous or pubescent,
spuriously whorled, one petiolate, cuneate-oblong, 3—4-toothed at the
point, the rest (leaf-like aay sessile, linear-oblong, entire ; pedun-
cles longer than the leaves, 2-flowered ; bracts broadly ovate, connate
into a bifid-hood ; calyzx pilose, deeply 5-fid, the segments ovate, acute ;
petals short-clawed, broadly obovate ; ovary ovoid, stipitate, pubescent.
DC. Prod. 1. p.496. E. & Z.! No. 386.

Var. 8, Namaquensis; more glabrous, with shorter petioles, and
narrower and more cuneate leaves. M. Namaquensis, H. Mey! Turcz.
Move. 18:8 fame ee

Var. y. pubescens; densely pubescent in all parts, Hb. Banks.

_ Has. Near the Berg River and at Saldanha Bay, £. $ Z./ var. B. between

Kaus, Natvoet and Doornport, 1~2000f. Drege! var. y. Cape, Masson ! X

Hook., Sond., Banks.) ie r hiss ge coos Mismante a
ect and shrubby, variable in pubescence. This species is allied to M. di ry

but differs in habit and foliage. Cuvanille’s figure is simeactadtatip. The dere C] A be

shaped involucre is remarkably large. Fah Donte

ss bas My. oviNey

3. M. verticillata (Linn.) 3 procumbent, the branches ascending or Chuaahd Neat
erect, scabrous ; leaves spuriously whorled, linear, simple or cut, taper- Stwnnr-}
ing at base, acute, glabrous or scabrous, ciliolate ; stipules leafy, nu- Coheed ~t

merous, resembling the leaves ; peduncles filiform, one or two-flowered : 3
: bracts linear, elongate, distinct ; calyx campanulate, semi-5-fid, lee! Gok
. ae

at

Mov);

210 BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) [ Mahernia.

deltoid, acute ; petals broadly obovate, flattish, twice as long as the
calyx ; ovary obovate, puberulous. DC. Prod. 1. p. 496., non Cav.
.& Z.! No. 446, ex parte.

rs Rock HA oth Has. Hills about Groenekloof, Pappe! Simonsbay, WW Gillivray. (Herb. Hook.,
§. Cubwstla.ond.). te weet
Stems trailing, 2 feet long or more, with many erect, simple branches, 4-6 inches

3 high, branches and leaves generally scabrous, sometimes very rough, Stipules quite
like the leaves, 3 inch long, 4 line wide. Always to be known from M. diffusa which
- resembles, by its separate (not connate) bracts, and usually by its more simple
eaves,

Ned ued 4. M. diffusa (Jacq. Schoenb. 2. t, 201) ; diffuse ; the branches as-

brous, the lobes linear, sub-acute ; stipules leafy, 3 or 4 in an imper-
fect whorl, lanceolate, midribbed ; peduncles filiform, 2-flowered, brac-
teate near the summit ; bracts ovate, connate into a bifid hood ; calyx
campanulate, deeply cut, the lobes ovate, sub-acute, ciliolate ; petals
broadly obovate, nearly flat, twice as long as the calyx ; ovary obo-
vate, pubescent. DC. Prod. 1.p. 496. E. & Z.! No. 403.

Var. 8. simplicifolia ; leaves varying to simple, and sparingly pin-
natifid on the same branch. WM. verticillata, Auct. plur. ex parte. Cav.
Ic. t. 176. f. 3. (quoad iconem) E. & Z.! No. 406, ex parte.

Has. Hills round Capetown, extending to Hott. Holland, Blauweberg, and
Jackal’s Valley, Zeyher ! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

_ Stems trailing, rough with raised, hard-points. Leaves and leafy stipules spu-
riously whorled. Nearly allied to M. verticillata, with which it is very frequently
confounded in Herbaria, and chiefly to be known by its more constantly pinna-
tifid leaves, more deeply cut calyces, and specially by the connate bracts.

5. M. humifusa (E. & Z.! No. 402); procumbent, all parts densely
glanduloso-pubescent ; leaves on longish petioles, oblong, deeply incised
or sub-pinnatifid, the lobes oblong, obtuse ; stipules leafy, 2-3-parted
(spuriously whorled), the segments broadly lanceolate, sometimes clo-
ven ; peduncles 2-flowered; bracts broadly ovate, connate; calyx
campanulate, hairy or glandular, semi-5-fid, the segments ovate-oblong,
sub-acute ; ovary roundish, pubescent ; capsule as long as calyx.
Herm. procumbens, E. Mey. ! (non Cav.), and Herm. Drege, No. 7308,
___, Has. Sand hills near the mouth of the Berg River and at Saldanha Bay, F. ¢

ee A — and between Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay, Drege! (Herb. Sond.,

63
}

Mahernia.) BYTTNERIACE (Harv.) ps 8 a

Hn. Between Pedroskloof and Leliefontein, Drége? (Herb.Sond., Hook., T.C.D.)
Nearly allied to M. diffusa, but with more decompound leaves, different calyces
and stellato-canescent pubescence.

Group 2. Piynatirip#. (Sp. 7-14).

7. M. vesicaria (DC. Prod. 1. p. 497); diffuse, stems short, sub-
erect, stellato-pubescent ; leaves sub-sessile, cuneate-obovate, entire in
the lower half, incised or toothed above, the lobes oblong, acute,
sparsely stellato-pubescent on both sides; stipules lanceolate; pe-
duncles sub-terminal, 2—-4-flowered, or cymoso-paniculate, stellato -his-
pid; bracts linear-oblong, distinct; calyx deeply 5-parted, pubescent,
_ the lobes ovate-oblong, acute; petals cucullate, pubescent; anthers
ovate-oblong, sub-obtuse ; capsule inflated and bladdery, 5-lobed. Herm.
vesicaria, Cav. Diss. 6. t. 181. f. 2. H. procumbens, EB. & Z. / ex parte, non
Cav. H. procumbens and M. ovata, LE. Mey. ! Hb. Drege. M. incisa, E.
& Z.! No. 401, non Jacq.

Has. Hills round Capetown, common W.H.H. Cape Flats, Pappe! summit
of Table Mé.,\Z. § Z.! Groenekloof, Paarl and Drakenstein, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D.,
Hook., Sond.).

Root thick and woody. Stems 8-12 inches high. Leaves scarcely an inch long,
on very short petioles or sub-sessile, always cuneate at base, variously cut, generally
hispidulous and turning black in drying. The inflorescence is nearly that of Her-
mannia, but the filaments are those of Mahernia. The large bladdery fruit, nearly }
inch in diameter, is the most obvious character.

An
but

212 BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) [ Mahernia.

cally puberulent. Leaves polished 1-1} inch long, } inch wide. Flowers purple,
eampanulate. Burchell’s M. vernicata (not of E. & Z.!) seems to come very close
to this, if it be different.

10. M. pilosula (Harv.) ; diffuse, much branched ; branches sca-
berulous and hispid with scattered, stellate hairs; leaves deeply pinna-
tifid or bi-pinnatifid, the lobes linear, sub-acute, glabrous on the upper,
sparsely hairy on the the lower side; stipules ovato-lanceolate, acumi-
nate; peduncles filiform, 1-2-flowered ; bracts connate into an incised
hood ; calyx semi-5-fid, puberulous, the lobes ovate-oblong, sub-acute ;
petals twice as long as the calyx; ovary obovoid, stipitate, pubes-
cent. M. myrrhifolia, E. & Z.! No. 407, non Thunb. Drege, No. 7307 !
Var. 8. latifolia; leaves broader, inciso-pinnatifid; the lobes en-
tire, cultrate.
Has. Sandy ground, Zwartland, £. § Z./ near the Paarl and at Groenekloof,
Drege! Pappe! var. B. Groenekloof, Zeyher / (Herb. Hook., Sond.)
Root woody and thick. Stems several, elongate, with filiform branches. Leaves
I inch long, deeply cut, all parts except the upper surfaces of the leaves hispidu-
lous. Flowers campanulate, 4 inch long. E. & Z.! refer their plant to H. myrrhi-
olia, Thunb., which, according to a specimen in Herb. Holm., is a Hermannia.
ar. B. agrees tolerably with Jacquin’s figure of M. glabrata, but is by no means
glabrous. I+ differs from the typical form of the species chiefly in having less com-
‘pound and somewhat broader leaves.

_ 11. M. sisymbriifolia (Turez. Mosc. 1858. p. 221) ; suffruticose, slen-
der, glandularly puberulous and stellato-hispid in all parts ; leaves in-
ciso-pinnatifid, the lobes few, distant, entire, linear, obtuse ; stipules
linear oblong, obtuse, entire ; peduncles longer than the leaves, 2-flowered ;
bracts like the stipules, separate ; calyx hispid, deeply 5-fid, segments ovate-
oblong, acute, half as long as the narrow-obovate petals ; filaments
very narrow, with obsolete tubercles; anthers ovate, acute ; capsule
sub-sessile, inflated, roundish, 5-lobed, broader than long, stellato-pu-
bescent. Drege, No.7306! M. brachycarpa, Harv. MS.

Has. Blaawberg, 2—-3000f. Drege/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A slender species, resembling M. pilosula in miniature, but with different pubes-

cence, stipules and bracts, and less compound leaves, &c. Capsules 2 lines in diameter,
the calyx small, deflexed. Flowers very small,

12. M. bipinnata (Linn.); procumbent, suffruticose, nearly gla-
brous ; stems filiform, glabrous or scaberulous ; leaves pinnatifid, or
hi-pinnatifid, the lobes linear, flat, obtuse, glabrous, or nearly so ; stipules
ovate-acute, amplexicaul, short, entire or cut; peduncles 2 flowered,
the bracts semi-confluent ; calyx campanulate, the segments broadly
subulate, gradually acuminate, ciliolate; petals oval-oblong; ovary
ellipsoidal, glandular ; style hispidulous. DC. Prod. 1. p. 496. Cav.
Diss, t. 176, f.2. Drege, 7315, 7316. E.& Z.! No. 409. M. jacobea-
Folia, Turcz, Mose. 1858, p. 220.

Var. 8. acutifolia; leaf-lobes acute.

Var. y. glandulosa; glandularly pubescent in all parts ; leaves
simply pinnatifid.

Has. Caledon River and Wolfkop, hiv’ iikaouw » Drege! Albany,
Mrs. Barber! Between Kochman’s Sar goth Gauritz Lert 8. Gamke
River, Zeyher. y. Port Natal, Miss Owen! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

@v

Mahernia.| BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) 213

_ Stems trailing, with ascending or sub-erect branches. Leaves very generally bi-
pinnatifid, but sometimes on the same root, simply pinnatifid, now and then
sprinkled with minute, tubercular asperities, which also occur on stem, peduncles
and calyx. Peduncles as long as, or much longer than the leaves. E. & Z.’s speci-
men in Herb. Sond. has more obtuse flower-buds and broader and shorter calyx-
lobes, but otherwise it closely agrees with the more common variety. The incision
of the stipules, which De Candolle attributes to his M. resedafolia, seems to be a
very variable character. Ecklon’s ‘‘ M. pinnata” is Hermannia tenuifolia. Our var.
‘y- may possibly be a species.

13. M. anthemifolia (Harv.) ; suffruticose, diffuse or procumbent ;
stems pubescent ; leaves bi-pinnatifid, puberulous, the lobes very nar-
row, linear, obtuse, channelled ; stipules ovate, amplexicaul, cut ; pe-
duncles short, 2-flowered, with connate bracts ; calyx pubescent, deep-
ly 5-fid, its lobes broadly subulate, acute ; petals ovate-oblong; ovary
stellato-pubescent, obovate.

Has. S. Africa, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

Very near M. bipinnata, but the leaves are more finely decompound, the lobes
are much narrower and manifestly channelled, and the peduncles shorter. The
habit is rather difterent, and the pubescence more copious.

14. M. marginata (Turez. Mose. Bull. 1858. p. 221); suffruticose,
decumbent, many-stemmed, small, thinly clothed with short, white, sub-
stellate hairs ; leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse, inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes
obtuse, sub-canescent on both sides ; stipules ovate, acute; peduncles
scarcely equalling the leaves, spreading, 2-flowered ; bracts ovate, acute,
connate ; calyx deeply 5-fid, the lobes ovate-oblong, acute, half as long
as the petals ; anthers longer than the filaments; capsule sub-globose,
pubescent. M. geranioides, Harv. in Herb,

Has. Springbokkeel, Zeyher/ No. 133. (Herb. Sond., Hook., Benth.) _

Root woody and thick. Stems cespitose, 3-6-inches long, slender and sub-—_
simple, spreading from the crown. Leaves t-1 inch long, deeply cut. Very like 9 ~~ __
the more pinnatifid forms of M. erodioides, but much more hairy, and with a diffe- _ a
rent hairiness, with shorter peduncles, patent or deflexed in fruit, and shorter,
nearly globular capsules. It is also allied to M. nana, of which it has the pubes-
cence, but differs in foliage and flower-stalks, &c. ,

Group 3. Lacurironiz. (Sp. 15-19).

15. M. coccocarpa (E. & Z. No. 397) ; sufiruticose or woody, much
branched, erect or diffuse, glandularly pubescent and sub-glabrous ; leaves
petiolate, oblong or linear, deeply incised or pinnatijid, the lobes obtuse,
entire, or sparingly toothed, glandular or glabrous, or thinly stellulate ;
stipules amplexicaul, ovate-acuminate, much shorter than the petiole ;
peduncles filiform, much longer than the leaves, the bracts connate ;
calyx-segments broadly subulate, acute, more than half as long as the
obovate petals; ovary elliptic-oblong ; capsule thrice as long as the
calyx. Drege, 7312.

Var. @. ustulata; scrubby, rigid; leaves depauperated and more gla- —
brous; flower stalks shorter.

Haz. Konabh le, £. d Z./ Somerset, Dr. Atherstone, Mrs. Barber,

Hills, beyond Fish River, Mr. Bunbury. 8. Assagaisbush, Burke. (Herb. T.C.D., —

Hook., Sond.)
A densely-tufted, branching, sub-erect, suffrutex, 6-12 inches high, sometimes —

214 BYTTNERIACEZ (Harv.) [Mahernia.

densely glandular, sometimes nearly glabrous. Leaves 1-1} inches long, very va-
riable in shape and incision. The broader leaved forms resemble M. erodioides.
Flowers purple. Capsule 3-1 inch long.

16. M. scabra (E. & Z.! No. 398); diffuse ; branches, petioles and
peduncles rough with capitellate hairs ; leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, /a-
cero-pinnatifid, the lobes short and broad, variously toothed ; upper
surface glabrous, or sparsely stellulate ; stipules amplexicaul, broadly-
ovate, deeply toothed or cloven ; peduncles very long, the bracts con-
nate into a hoodshaped involucre ; pedicels hispid ; calyx puberulent
and scabrid, semi-5-fid, the lobes ovate sub-acute ; capsule oblong obtuse,
pubescent, 2-3 times as long as the calyx. M. lacera, E. Mey.! in Hb.
Drege, also Drege, No. 7307 «. s
on Has. Between the Zwartkops and Zondag’s River, E. & Z./ Drege/ Blauweberg,
ae 4 Zeyher ! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) r :

i A slender, trailing plant, varying in scabridity ; sometimes very rough all over
craggy goog Doe tet pple
oles, 1 inch long, a
a aitek Very Eke. See totictens from Saas it differs chiefly in the in-
volucre.

17. M. rutila (Jacq. Schoenb. +. 263); “stems procumbent, hairy,
scabrous; leaves on short petioles, oblong, obtuse, lacero-pinnatifid,
and unequally lobed and serrated, plaited, rough on both surfaces ; sti-
pules lanceolate, acute, sometimes serrated; peduncles scarcely longer
than the leaves, the bracts lanceolate, acute, small ; calyx semi-5-fid,
hairy, the lobes lanceolate, acute ; ovary obovate.” Jacq. lc. abbrev.

Has. Formerly cultivated in Schoenbrun Gardens, Vienna. —

The above ee ion is compiled from Jacquin. His figure shows a plant very
like M. seabra, but differing in stipules, peduncles and separate bracts.

18. M. erodioides (Burch. Cat. 1491) ; suffruticose, decumbent and
many-stemmed; stems filiform glabrous, or sparsely stellate, or viscoso-
pubescent ; leaves shortly petiolate, glabrous, or nearly so, oval-oblong,
or cordate-ovate, obtuse, inciso-crenate or inciso-pinnatifid, with obtuse

— lobes, thin ; stipules ovate, short, amplexicaul ; peduncles much longer
than the leaves ; bracts ovate-acute, connate; calyx glabrous or glandular-
ly pubescent, its lobes deltoid-acuminate, half as long as the petals ; cap-
___ sule longer than the calyx, nearly glabrous, DC. Prod 1. p. 496, E.§Z.!
_ No.394. Drege, No. 7309, 7313. Herm. multicaulis, E. Mey! in Hb.
Drege. M . Lurcz. Mosc. p. 220.
_ VAR. a glabra; glabrous, except a few close-pressed, stellate hairs
the ribs and veins of the ares 2
8. viscidula ; stems, peduncles and calyx glanduloso-pubescent.

Burke & Zeyher ! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
Ste ee ee ee lone, not much branched.

Mahernia.} BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) 215

much less deeply crenate than usual ; with narrower petals and a more lunate tu-
bercle on the filaments. The two forms seem to run into one another. as

19, M. nana (E. & Z.! No. 395) ; minute, suffruticose, thinly covered
with very short, white, stellate hairs ; leaves on long petioles, elliptical
or sub-rotund, inciso-crenate ; stipules ovate, amplexicaul ; peduncles
much longer than the leaves, the bracts oblong-acute; calyx campanu-
late, the lobes broadly subulate, half as long as the petals, M. lin-
neoides, EH. Mey ! non DC.

Has. Karroo, near Gaaup, Beaufort, Z. dé Z./ Desert near the Gamke River,
Zeyher, No. 134. Between Dweka and Zwartbulletje, Drege / (Herb. Sond., Benth.)

Root woody. Stems slender, 2-4 inches long, slightly branched. Leaves scarcely
inch long ; petioles nearly as long. Allied to M. erodioides, but with shorter,

roader, rounder, less cut leaves, and different pubescence.

Group 4, DEenTat#, (Sp. 20-28).

20. M. gracilis (Harv.); stems trailing, very slender, sub-sim-
ple, nearly glabrous ; leaves remote, sub-rotund, 5—7-crenato-lobulate,
sparsely stellate on both sides ; stipules amplexicaul, ovate-acuminate,
shorter than the petioles ; peduncles much longer than the leaves ;
bracts connate at base, subulate ; calyx glabrous, deeply 5-fid, the lobes
broadly subulate, acute, 2 as long as petals ; anthers taper-pointed,
much longer than the filaments ; ovary pubescent.

Has. Zooloo Country, Miss Owen. (Herb. T.C.D.)

Of this well-marked and pretty little plant I have as yet only seen a single speci-
men, which I should probably have referred to M. Linneoides, Burch. had not a
very different plant, equally answering to De Candolle’s diagnosis, been so named
by Eck. & Zey. The present is one of the slenderest of the genus, with leaves like
those of Veronica hederefolia, but smaller, } inch in diameter. Peduncles more
than an inch long, flowers 2 lines long.

21. M. Linneoides (Burch. Cat. No. 1878 ; fide E. & Z.) ; shrubby,
procumbent, glabrescent or stellato-pubescent; leaves on short pe-
tioles, stellato-pubescent on one or both sides, broadly elliptical or
roundish, very obtuse, crenato-dentate stipules ; ovate-acwminate, equal-
ling the petioles ; peduncles glandularly pubescent and viscid, much
longer than the leaves ; bracts ovate-acuminate, connate beyond the
middle ; calyx campanulate, semi-5-fid, densely glandular, with deltoid,
acute segments more than half as long as the petals ; ovary turbinate,
densely pubescent. DC. Prod. 1. p. 497. —

Var. «, glabrescens; upper surface of the leaves nearly glabrous. Jf,

inneoides, E. § Z.! 391. yen

Var. 8. hispidula ; more hairy in all parts, both surfaces of the leav:
stellato-pubescent. Herm. rotundata, H. Mey !

Has. Bothasberg, Grahamstown, #. & Z./ near the Fish River, Drege / (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Stems spreading widely, a foot long or more, much branched, woody and robust.

Leaves densel t_$ inch long, mostly elliptical, sometimes orbicular,
preparer ‘it, young branches, peduneles and calyces are thickly clothe
with gland-tipped hairs. _ te

22. M. ovalis (Harv.) ; shrubby, sub-erect or diffuse near! " iin -

>

216 BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) [Mahernw.

viscidulous ; branches with a few scattered, appressed, stellate hairs ;
leaves on short petioles, quite glabrous, oval or oblong oval, obtuse, cu-
neate at base, serrato-dentate ; stipules ovate-acuminate, equalling the
petioles ; peduncles much longer than the leaves, roughish ; bracts
connate beyond the middle or cucullate ; calyx campanulate, either
glabrous or viscoso-puberulous, or tomentose, with deltoid-acute lobes
half as long as the broadly oval petals; ovary oblong, albo-tomentose.
M. verncata, E. & Z.! 393 (non Burch.)

Var. 8. cucullata ; bracts confluent into a cup-like cucullus, Drege,
No. 7311. M. saccifera, Turcz. Mose. 1858. p. 219.

Var. y. tomentosa; bracts cucullate ; calyx tomentose. Jf. tomen-
tosa, Wendl.

Has. Fields near the Zwartkops R. £. & Z./ Hassagais’ Kloof, Zeyher / (Herb.
Sond., T.C.D.) ‘

Distinctly shrubby, sub-erect or spreading, a foot high, branched ; glabrous in
every part, except occasionally a woolliness on the calyx and a few scattered stellate
hairs on the young branches. The whole plant shines, as if varnished. Leaves

8-1 inch long. The bracts vary in degree of coherence, and are sometimes altoge-
ther confluent, as in var. B.

23. M. veronicefolia (E. & Z.! 392); suffruticose, decumbent, thinly
sprinkled with stipitate, stellate hairs ; stems filiform; leaves distant,
shortly petiolate, glabrous above, sparsely stellate at the margin and
on the lower surface, oblong, obtuse, eroso-crenate, glanduloso-cilio-
late; stipules ovato-cuspidate, longer than the petioles, ciliolate ; pe-
duneles longer than the leaves; bracts connate beyond the middle,
ovate-acuminate ; calyx campanulate, glandular and stellate, with del-
toid-acuminate lobes half as long as the broadly oval petals; ovary
stellato-pubescent ; capsule oblong, tuberculate.

= oD) Limestone hills in Uitenhage and Albany, #. § Z.! (Herb. Hook., Sond.,

Stems many, 1-2 feet long, branching. Stems, margins, and underside of leaves,
peduncles, and calyces, are sprinkled with glandshaped tubercles crowned with a
starry tuft of short, white, deciduous hairs; the glandular base is persistent.
Leaves 1-1} inches long, } inch wide, the petioles scarcely } inch long. Peduncles
2 inches long. Flowers } inch.

24 M. abyssinica (Hochst! Pl. Schimp. No. 320); suffruticose,
_ decumbent, thinly stellato-pubescent; stems filiform; leaves shortly

ss #petiolate, oblong, coarsely toothed, obtuse at both ends, or sub-acute, the
«Younger ones fasciculate-pubescent, the older glabrescent; stipules cut or

ifid, shorter than the petioles ; peduncles shorter than the leaves ;
connate below; calyx deeply 5—cleft, with hairy, ovate-acute
g as the narrow-obovate petals; capsule oblong, stellato-
is. MM. dentata, Harv. in Herb, aes
aalrivier, Burke § Zeyher, No. 120. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)
me lia, but less woody, more hairy, and with a different
Lex yearn ‘narrower petioles, shorter peduncles and

s

Mahernia. | BYTTNERIACEH (Harv.) 217

stems, branches and peduncles viscoso-pubescent and thinly stellulate ;
leaves Linear-oblong, obtuse at both ends, dentate, sprinkled on both
sides with stellate hairs; stipules broadly ovate, equalling the petioles ;
viscidulous, quite entire ; peduncles about equalling the leaves; bracts
connate; calyx deeply 5-cleft, with broadly subulate, viscoso-pubescent
and thinly stellate lobes not much shorter than the obovate petals;
ovary obovate, glandular,
Has. Near Grahamstown, Herb. Hooker /
. This looks very like M. abyssinica, but has very different stipules. The ele-
gantly stellate, scattered, appressed hairs, and glandular pubescence afford further
ro omscen ; The leaves also are less coarsely-toothed, and the flowers seem to have
n so.

26. M. linearis (Harv.); shrubby, branching, sub-erect, glabrous,
or nearly so; leaves on very short petioles, linear-lanceolate, very nar-
row, sub-acute, either quite entire, or remotely or obsoletely denticu-
late; stipules short, deltoid-subulate ; peduncles much shorter than
the leaves, bracts distinct, oblong-acute ; calyx glabrous, deeply 5-fid,
with broadly subulate, acuminate lobes, half as long as the oblong,
sub-acute petals; ovary sub-globose, 5-lobed; style hispid. Herm.
7310, Drege !
hae Somerset. Zwartkey, on mountain plains, 4000f. Drege / (Herb. Hook.,

na,

A el branching shrub, nearly allied to M. pulchella, from which it chiefly dif-
fers in the longer, narrower and sub-entire leaves. Leaves 1-1} inch long —} inch
broad, quite glabrous ; the stems and branches slightly scaberulous. Stipules either
triangular-acute or awl-shaped.

27. M. parviflora (E. & Z. ! 396); decumbent, thinly stellulate ;
stems filiform ; leaves on short petioles, cuneate at base, oblong or oval, —
erenate, obtuse, glabrescent or minutely stellulate; stipules ovate, acu-
minate ; peduncles equalling the leaves, bracts separate, lanceolate ;
Jlowers very small ; calyx campanulate, semi-5-fid, with deltoid seg-
ments ; ovary sub-globose, pubescent. Herm. parviflora, E. Mey.! and
H. diffusa, EZ. Mey.! in Hb. Drege. fos ge

Has. Near the Zwartkey River, Z. ¢ Z. / Katriver, Stormberg and Witberg,
5-6000f. Drege! Herb. Hook., Sond.) Ge

Stems 1-1} feet long, s ing over the soil, with short erect branchlets. Whole

plant minutely stellato-p t. Leaves 3-3 inch long, sometimes rather deeply
28. M. g flora (Burch. Cat. 2333); shrubby, divaricately

branched, glandular or glabrous ; leaves cuneate-obovate, inciso-den-
tate or sub-pinnatifid, with obtuse lobes, scattered or tufted ; stipules
small, lanceolate or ovate ; peduncles elongate 2-flowered, with oblong-
acute, ternate bracts ; pedicels pubescent ; calyx obconic, deeply cleft,
pubescent, with broadly subulate lobes ; petals 4-5 times as long as the _

calyx, spreading, obovate, tapering at base ; anthers short, ovate-acute; me

ovary obovate, stellato-pubescent. DC. Prod. 1. 497. Herm. grandi- —

Van. a. Burchellii; viscoso-pubescent ; leaves stellulate, obo
lanceolate, toothed ; stipules ovato-lanceolate. IM. grandiflora, Bi
in Bot. Reg. t. 224. nee

218 BYTTNERIACH (Harv.) [ Mahernia.

Var. 8. glabrata; leaves obovato-cuneate, deeply cut, glabrous, as
well as the branches and peduncles ; stipules ovate. MU. grandiflora,
Drege! M. owalidiflora, E. & Z. 1 387. (non Burch. ).

Has. Karroo Districts, Masson! Plains north of Litakun, Burchell. Nieuwe
veld, Beaufort, Drege/ Gamke R., Zeyher / (Herb. Hook., Banks, Benth., Sond.)

A branching shrub, 1-2 feet high, the young parts sprinkled with minute, stipi-
tate glands ; sometimes almost glabrous. Leaves rather rigid, varying from cuneate
to almost lanceolate, variably incised. Flowers large, funnel-shaped, pendulous,
brick-red, sweetly scented, nearly 3 inch across. Stamens very short ; the anthers
small, ovate, shortly cuspidate ; filaments with a narrow wing and obcordate, his- .
pid, expansion below the summit. Mahernia stricta, E. Mey./ has the filaments
and inflorescence of Hermannia, under which genus it will be found: in its mere
corolla it closely resembles M. grandiflora.

Group 5. Tomentosz. (Sp. 29-33).

29. M. chrysantha (Planch. in Hb. Hook.) ; suffruticose, decum-
bent, albo-tomentose ; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, sub-
cordate at base, crenulate, corrugated, and at first pubescent, but grow-
ing glabrous on the upper side, albo-tomentose with prominent nerves
and veins on the lower; stipules membranous, broadly ovate, acute,
cut ; peduncles elongate, with incised bracts ; calyx turbinate, woolly,
semiquinquefid, with deltoid-acuminate lobes ; petals twice as long as
the calyx, stellato-pubescent, with a narrow cucullate claw, and ovate
limb; ovary obovate, densely tomentose. Turcz. Mosc. 1858. p. 219.
Melhania chrysantha, E. Mey.! Herm. geniculata, E. & Z.! 321.

Has. On the Zuureberg and between the Keiskamma and Buffalo River, Drege /
Dornkopf, Burke’ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Larger and more woody than WM. betonicefolia, with 1 leaves and flower-
stalks, longer and narrower petals, and more acuminate more woolly calyx-
lobes, but in other respects so similar that we suspect it is merely a very luxuriant
variety, and retain the species chiefly in deference to the opinion of other botanists.

30. M. betoniceefolia (E. & Z.! 320); suffruticose, decumbent, albo-
tomentose; leaves petiolate, elliptic-oblong, very obtuse, cordate at
base, crenulate, corrugated and at first velvetty, afterwards glabrescent
above, albo-tomentose, with prominent nerves and veins below; sti-
pules membranous, broadly ovate, lacero-dentate ; peduncles equalling
the leaves, with subulate, distinct bracts ; calyx swollen, tomentose, cam-

panulate, semi-5-fid, with deltoid lobes; petals stellato-pubescent,

_ scarcely longer than the calyx, cucullate, round-topped; ovary egg-

: _ Shaped, pubescent ; style glabrous. Mahernia cordata, LE. Mey. ! in Hb.

erg 5—6ooof, Drege! Thaba Unka and near the Vaal River, Zeyher
. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.)

rbaceous, not much branched, 8-12 inches long. Stems, petioles, pe-
‘the under side of leaves densely covered with white, stellate, soft
inch long, 4 inch broad, sometimes rounded, but mostly cordate at

side with de venation and raised areole, and the mature ones

31. M. vestita
bust, flexuous;

Mahernia.} BYTTNERIACEA (Harv.) 219

penni-nerved below ; stipules ovate-oblong, unequal-sided, foliaceous,
mostly entire; peduncles shorter than the leaves, with subulate, distinct
bracts ; calyx campanulate, very deeply 5-fid, with ovato-subulate, acu-
minate lobes, as long as the stellato-pubescent, ovate-limbed petals;
ovary sub-globose, stellato-pubescent.

Has. Macallisberg, Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. Hook.)

Stems 8—12 inches long, robust, somewhat zig-zag and and paniculately branched,
the lateral branches floriferous, with smaller leaves. Leaves 1} inches long, 1 inch
wide, thickish, soft and velvetty. This is nearly related to M. betonicefolia, but
the leaves are not cordate at base, nor corrugated ; the stipules are different, the
peduncles shorter, and the se much more ly cleft, with much narrower and
more acuminate segments. e stem is more robust, more woody and erect.

32. M. oblongifolia (Harv.) ; suffruticose, decumbent; young branches
tomentose, the older pubescent or glabrescent ; leaves cuneate at base,
narrow and elongate-oblong, obtuse, repando-denticulate, especially in
the upper half, more or less tomentose, the older pubescent; stipules
(withering) ovato-lanceolate, acuminate, deeply incised ; peduncles scarcely
as long as the leaves, tomentose, 2—3-flowered, with incised bracts ; calyx
Beotensins deeply cut, with broadly subulate segments half as

ong as the narrow-obovate petals; petals obovate pubescent. Herm.
humilis, E. Mey. in Hb. Drege.

Has. Between Caledon, and Thaba Unka and Siebenfontein, Burke and Zeyher !
zoe 114. Between Sternsbergspruit and Kraunberg, 4500f. Drege/ (Herb. Hook.,
' Sond., T.C.D.

A more eenabiet plant than M. abyssinica, with much larger and longer and
less toothed leaves, much attenuated at base, an albo-tomentose calyx and larger
(red or purple ?) flowers. Leaves 2 inches long, } inch wide, of thin texture ; sti-
pules membranous, many ribbed. Zeyher's No. 114 is more tomentose than usual,
but not otherwise different.

33. M. tomentosa (Turcz. Mose. 1858., p. 218); suffruticose, sub-
erect and sub-simple, albo-tomentose; leaves on short petioles, broadly
linear, cuneate at base, coriaceous, entire, denticulate near the apex,
obtuse or sub-acute, canescent on both surfaces, penni-nerved on the
lower; stipules subulate, equalling the petioles; peduncles scarcely as
long as the leaves, with subulate bracts ; calyx turbinate, deeply cut, with
broadly subulate, acute lobes; petals not much longer than the calyx,
pubescent on the claw only, with an ovate glabrous limb; jil. narrow-
linear, hispid on the outside ; ovary oblong, canescent. M. angustifolia,
- Has. Macallisberg, Burke & Zeyher! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.).

~ Root woody. Stems tufted, 3-4 inches high, sub-simple and cesor Leaves 2
inches long or more, } inch wide, nearly linear. Fl. stalks 1~11 inches long, mostly
one-flowered. About the size of Melhania Burchellii, and much resembling it. Its
stamens are scarcely those of a Mahernia, but neither are they those of a Herman-
nia ; and the habit is that of the present genus.

Aprenpix. Little known and doubtful species.

“EE resedeefolin (Burch. Col. 2360); “leaves glabrous, pinnatipe-

tite, the lobes linear, entire ; stipules deeply trifid.”
499. ;

220 BYTTNERIACE& (Harv.) [Mahernia.

M. seselifolia (DC. prod. 1. p. 496) ; “ leaves pinnati-partite, lobes
filiform, entire, acute, the lowest and the stems setoso-hispid, the

branches virgate, glabrous above; peduncles elongate, 1-2-flowered.”
DC. 1. ¢.

M. vernicata (Burch. Cat. 1461., Trav. 1. p. 278) DO. U. ¢. p. 496,
seems to be the same as MW, pulchella, (Cav. (1)

M. glabrata (Cav. Diss. 6. p. 326. t. 200. f. 1.); “ leaves thinly
stellato-puberulous, lanceolate, pinnatifido-dentate, the teeth undivided ;
peduncles 2-flowered, elongate.” DC. l.c. p.497. Jacq. Schoenb. t. 53.
fichb, Exot. t. 66. Herm. glabrata, Linn. f. Suppl. 301.

M. oxalidiflora (Burch. trav. 1. p. 295; Cat. 1536); “leaves gla-
brous, pinnatifid, the lobes entire, sub-acute; stipules ovate, acute ;
branches erect, scaberulous; peduncles 1-2-flowered, longer than the
leaves. Allied to ¥. glabrata, but the leaves are more deeply cut and
the flowers twice the size. D0. 1. ¢.

M. biserrata (Cav. Diss. 6. p. 326. t. 200. f. 2); leaves glabrous,
oblong-lanceolate, doubly toothed ; peduncles 2-flowered, as long as the
leaves. Herm. biserrata, Linn. f. Suppl. 302. DC. 1. ¢. p. 497.

M. violacea (Burch. Cat. 3098); “leaves ovate, obtuse, toothed,
glabrous ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, opposite the leaves, and longer than
them.” Habit of Melochia pyramidata. DC. 1. c.

M. spinosa (Burch. trav. 1. p. 279); may be Herm. spinosa (see
page 205.

M. fragrans (Rchb. Ic. Exot. t. 65); “leaves linear-lanceolate,

acutely inciso-pinnatifid ; bracts connate at base, acuminate, ciliate.”
Walp. Rep. i. p. 347.

Sub-order IT, DomBeyacez.

IV. DOMBEYA. Cav.

_ _ Envolucel 3-leaved, unilateral, deciduous, sometimes wanting. Calyx
___ S-parted, persistent. Petals 5, hypogynous, obovate, unequal sided,
__ convolute in wstivation, at length scarious and persistent. Stamens 15-

20, sligh: connate at base ; 5 sterile, strap-shaped or filiform, alter-

with the petals ; the rest shorter, 2-3 opposite each petal, antheri-
erous; anthers oblong, erect, slitting. Ovary sessile, 3—-5-celled ; ovules
2—4 mn each cell, collateral; style simple 3—s-cleft, with revolute arms,
stigmatose above. Capsule coriaceous, 3—5-celled, septicidal. Endl.
eropetalum, Del. Endl. 5346. DC. Prod. 1. p. 498.
in the tropical and sub-tropical f Africa and
scar and Mauriti Seeiges Socieah Asia, Leaves
Tosy or white, often bursting forth on leafless
‘hough found in all, varies 90

Dombeya. | BYTTNERIACE (Harv.) 221

greatly in each, as to show that it is of secondary importance. The name is in
honour of Joseph Dombey, a botanical traveller in Chili and Peru.

1. D. Dregeana (Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 18); branches terete, glabrous ;
leaves on long, pubescent petioles, cordate, acute or acuminate, angled or
even 3-lobed, toothed, minutely stellato-pubescent, 5-—7-ribbed ; pedun-
cles filiform, axillary, longer than the leaves ; umbels 2—4-flowered, with
hairy pedicels ; involucral leaflets broadly ovate, acuminate, and, as well
as the lanceolate, reflexed sepals, tomentose ; the 5 sterile stamens spa-
thulate, as long as the 5-fid style ; ovary globose,tomentose. Leewwen-
hoekia tiliacea, E. Mey.! (ex parte) Xeropetalum tiliaceum, Endl.

Has. In the districts of Uitenhage and Albany, and in Caffirland, Drege! Mrs.
F. W. Barber, Mr. Brownlee, &c. (Herb., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) aa

A shrub or small tree, well-covered with aspen-like leaves and showy flowers, on
long peduncles, springing from the axils of the uppermost leaves. The flowers are
upwards of an inch across (rosy ?), and the petals wither without falling off, remain-
ing expanded. :

2. D. Natalensis (Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 18); branches terete, glabrous ;
leaves on long petioles, cordate, acute or acuminate, somewhat angular,
toothed, minutely stellato-pubescent, 5—7-ribbed ; peduncles filiform,
axillary, longer than the leaves, umbels 4—6—8-flowered, with canescent
pedicels; invol. leaflets narrow-subulate, and, as well as the lanceolate,
reflexed sepals, canescent ; the 5 sterile stamens clavate, as long as the
5-cleft style ; ovary globose, tomentose. Leewwenhoekia tiliacea, EL. Mey.!
ex parte.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius/ Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.).

Closely resembling D. Dregeana, from which it is best known by its narrow subu-

late involucral leaflets. The flower buds are more fusiform and less tomentose than
in D. Dregeana, and the umbels have usually more rays.

3. D. rotundifolia (Harv.); young branches stellato-tomentose, older
glabrous ; leaves petiolate, sub-orlicular, very obtuse, repando-crenulate,
stellato-pubescent on both sides, becoming glabrous above, 5—7-nerved
and netted on the lower side ; peduncles one or several, tomentose,
mostly forked, each arm bearing an umbel of 6-12 flowers ; invol. leaf-
lets narrow-linear, obtuse, shorter than the bud, deciduous and as well
as the lanceolate reflexed sepals, tomentose ; the 5 sterile stamens
linear clavate, longer than the 3-5-fid style; ovary globose, tomentose.
Xeropetalum rotundifolium, Hochst. Sond in Linn. 23. p. 18.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius, &e. Macallisberg, Burke $ Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D.,
Hk Ss branched, rigid shrub. Leaves 1}-2 inches broad, somewhat
cordate at base, strongly netted below and very obtuse. Flowers crowded round the
ends of the naked branches in many-flowered umbels ; the peduncles long or short.

Petals white? The involucel is constantly found on the young buds, but soon falls
away. The style is sometimes trifid.

V. MELHANIA, Forsk.

on ge

Involucel 3-leaved, sub-unilateral. Calyx 5-parted, persistent, Petals

, hypogynous, obovate, unequal sided, convolute in estivation,
uous. Stamens 10, connate at base ; 5 sterile, strap-shaped, op

DO

222 - BYTTNERIACEE (Harv.) [ Melhania.

Ovary 5-celled ; ovules several in each cell; style 5-fid at summit,
Capsule 5-celled, loculicidal. Endl. Gen. No. 5348. DC. Prod. 1. p. 499.
The 8. African species of this genus are small, half woody, slightly branched,
tomentose or softly hairy plants, with the aspect of Hermannia, but with larger
flowers than commonly occur in that genus. Their leaves are ovate or linear-oblong,
obtuse at base. The peduncles are axillary, 1-2-flowered. Stipules narrow-subulate.
In tropical Africa and Asia there are shrubby or arborescent kinds, resembling
ain aspect. The generic name is taken from Mt. Melhan, in Arabia, where

one of the original species is found wild.

* Erect, with broadly cordate involucral leaflets, (Sp. 1-2.)

1. M. didyma (E. & Z. No. 410); erect, tomentose ; leaves petiolate,
ovate-oblong, rounded at base, obtuse or sub-acute, serrate or sub-entire,
softly pubescent on the upper, canescent and tomentose on the lower
side ; peduncles axillary, much longer than the petiole, forked, 2-flowered;
invol. leaflets broadly cordate, acuminate, cuspidate, tomentose, longer
than the densely hirsute calyx. M. leucantha, EH. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Winterberg and Zuureberg Mts, Z.4Z./ At Enon, and on the Kei, in
mountainous places, Drege/ Natal, Krauss, No. 217! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

1-2 feet high, simple or branched near the root. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1 inch
broad, sometimes nearly entire, but generally ioe oon the under side of the

young leaves rusty, of the older pale, with red dots. is is the largest and strongest
of the S. African species. :

2. M. linearifolia (Sond, in Linn. 23. p. 18.); erect, stellato-tomen-
tose ; leaves linear, obtuse at each end, entire, obsoletely denticulate at
the extremity, softly pubescent on the upper, tomentoso-canescent and
rufous-dotted on the under side ; peduncles much longer than the
petiole, forked, two-flowered ; invol. leaflets broadly cordate, acuminate,
cuspidate, tomentose, equalling the densely hirsute, rufous calyx.

Hab. Port Natal, Gueinzius! (Herb. Sond.)

Stem a foot high or more, the whole plant rust-coloured. Nearly allied to M. di-

dyma, but the leaves are much narrower, not perceptibly ovate at base, and quite
entire, save 2-3 minute denticles at the tip.

** Diffuse or prostrate, with narrow invol, leaflets. (Sp. 3-4.)

3. M. prostrata (DC. Prod. 1. p. 499); diffuse or prostrate, canescent,
thinly tomentose ; leaves broadly linear, obtuse at both ends, mucronu-
late, entire or denticulate at the tip only, the younger minutely pubescent,
the older glabrous on the wpper, canescent, thinly tomentose and rufous-
_ dotted on the lower side ; peduncles 2-3 times as long as the petiole,

_ one-flowered ; invol, leaflets narrow, ovate-acuminate, cuspidate, equal- —
pete tomentose, rufescent calyx. Burch. Cat. No. 2153. Zey. No.

alling the petioles, one or two-flowered : i
lanceolate, shorter than the lanceslate ; albo-t md wn neal hee: a

Sparmannia. | TILIACEZ (Harv.) 223

Has. 8. Africa, Burchell, Cat. 2417. Aapjes River, Zeyher! Zooloo Country,
Miss Owen! (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.)

The smallest of the Cape species. It differs from M. prostrata by its velvetty pu-
bescence, copious in all parts, its shorter flower-stalks and much narrower bracts
and calyx lobes.

Orper XXIII. TILIACEZ, Juss.

(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Tiliacex, Juss. Gen. 290. D.C. Prod. 1. p. 503. Endl. Gen. No.
ecxii. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. cxxxi. LElsocarpex, Juss., DC. Prod.
I. p. 519.) : : sali

Sepals 4—5, separate or united, valvate in xstivation, Petals 4~5 (or

none), clawed, deciduous, entire or multifid, imbricate in the bud.
Stamens rarely definite, hypogynous ; filaments filiform, separate or con-
nate at base ; anthers 2-celled, introrse. Pollen smooth. Ovary free,
sessile or on a columnar torus (gynophore), of 2—10 carpels, and as many
cells ; styles single ; stigmas 2-10 ; ovules definite or indefinite. Frwit
dry or succulent, frequently hispid or prickly, dehiscent or indehiscent.
Seeds albuminous, with an axile embryo.
; Trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants, with simple, branched or stellate hairs, Leaves
5 mostly alternate, and petiolate, simple, penni-nerved or palmately nerved, entire or
lobed, Stipules deciduous, Flowers rarely unisexual, svlitary, racemose or corym-
bose, naked or bracteate.

Chiefly distinguished from Byttneriacex by the free, and usually indefinite stamens ;
from Sterculiacee by the introrse anthers; and from Malvacex by the bilocular
anthers and smooth pollen. All these Orders are closely allied, and agree in having
tough, fibrous bark, suitable for textile purposes ; and innocuous, mucilaginous qua-
lities. The typical genus, Tilia (the Lime or Linden), furnishes from its bask, the
material of the Russian mats of commerce. Some of the Grewie have edible fruits.
About 400 species are known, natives chiefly of tropical and sub-tropical countries.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

,¢ » Flower 4-parted. = -
: I, Sparmannia,—Outer-stamens moniliform, without anthers.

* _., ** Flower 5-parted,

5 d. :
| Il. @ Fruit » of hard-shelled, 1-2 seeded drupes.
| TEL, rhein Cae ir covered iii Aplibed. or stznight, sharp-
es eer ae ule pod-like, 2~5-valved, splitting, many-seeded.
- I SPARMANNIA, Thunb. m

_ Sepals 4, lanceolate, pointless, deciduous. Petals 4, hypogynous,
obovate, spreading horizontally. Stamens indefinitely numerous ; the
outer sterile, moniliform ; the iner fertile, with nodose filaments.
Ovary sessile, 4—5-celled ; ovules numerous ; style columnar, stigma —
5-toothed. Capsule globose or oblong, 4—5-celled, 4—5-valved, loculicidal, _
covered with rigid bristles. Endl. Gen. No. 5369. DC. Prod.t.p.503-
Large, handsome, ing shrubs or small trees, natives of Africa. Only
three species are yet known; two of them S. African, and one from Abyssinia. The
leaves are alternate, softly tomentose, stellato-pubescent, on long petioles, 5~7-angled

nee RES CTO TUR aa al a a a ce alae ara rete

224 TILIACEZ (Harv.) [Grewia.

or lobed, crenate or serrate, palmately nerved. Stipules lateral, small, persistent.
Flowers in terminal umbels, white. Named in honour of Dr. Andrew Sparmann, 4
Swede, who travelled in S. Africa and afterwards accompanied Captain Cook in his
second voyage. :

1. §. Africana (Linn. f. Sup. p. 265); arborescent; branches terete,
patently hairy; leaves on long petioles, cordate-acuminate 5-7-angled,
unequally toothed, softly hairy on both sides, 7-9-ribbed. below ; stipules
subulate; peduncles elongate, many-flowered ; invol, bracts subulate,
acute; sepals white, membranous, lanceolate; petals obovate ; barren
filaments numerous; capsules sub-globose, 5-celled. DC. Prod. 1. p. 503.
Vent. Malm.t.78. Bot. Mag.t.726. E.& Z.! No. 411. Thunb. Cap.

- 432. :

s Has. In moist woods, district of George, 2.4 Z./ Drege! &c. Cult, in England.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A quick-growing arborescent shrub, 10-20 feet high, with spongy wood and half
herbaceous branches, the whole plant thickly covered with long, soft, spreading hairs.
Leaves 5-6 inches long, and 3-4 broad, pale green. Flowers conspicuous ; the
sepals and petals white ; the barren filaments yellow, with a purple tip ; the fertile
ones purple.

2. S. palmata (E. Mey. in Herb. Drege); shrubby; the branches
terete, virgate, stellato-pubescent ; leaves on long petioles, deeply-5-7-
lobed, the lobes much acuminated, inciso-sinuate, and unequally-toothed,
minutely stellato-pubescent on both sides, prominently 5-7-nerved below ;
stipules subulate, deciduous ; peduncles sub-terminal, elongate, densely
_ 12 or more-flowered ; invol. bracts subulate, acute; sepals linear-oblong,

coriaceous, purplish within; petals narrow-obovate; barren filaments
few ; capsules elliptic-oblong, 4-celled. Urena ricinocarpa, E. & Z.!
gor.

Has. Between the Omtata and Omsamwubo, 1000-2000 f. Drege/ Sources of the
Kat River and Makasana River, #. &. Z./_ (Herb. Sond.)

A virgate shrub, with soft, spongy wood and half herbaceous branches, much
smaller in all parts than S. Africana; with smaller and more densely clustered,
purplish flowers ; deeply parted leaves and 4-celled capsules. It is closely allied to
S. Abyssinica, but differs-in pubescence, and in the shape and section of the leaves.

The hairs, in S. Abyssinica, are long, simple, patent and soft, and the leaf-lobes are
more acuminate, and less pinnatifid. =

Grewia.] TILIACE (Harv.) 225

vegetable structure, wonderfully accurate, considering the imperfect condition of the
microscope in those early times.

1. G. occidentalis (Linn.); young twigs siecait older glabrous ;
leaves petiolate, ovate, obtuse or acute or acuminate, crenate, glabrous,
3-nerved at base ; peduncles opposite the leaves or terminal, forked, 3-
6-flowered ; flower-buds roundish-oval, obtuse; sepals lanceolate, canes-
ee nerveless, longer than the petals; ovary villous ; drupe depressed,

aringly hispid. DC. Prod, . p. pir. HG Zl No. 412. G. obtusi-
polia, EL. & Z.! No. 412. G. trinervis, E. Mey.! and Drege, No. 7265.

: :
His. Th‘ mointdin Wines, from Capetown to Port Natal, common. (Herb. Ai rae

<10.D., &e;) SW

A middle sized tree, nearly glabrous, except on the young shoots and about the hae te wi
inflorescence. Flowers purple. Leaves 1-2 inches long, very variable in shape, a [ (
sometimes sub-rotund and very obtuse, sometimes much acuminate. “\

2: G. caffra (Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ. 2. p. 53); young twigs and
leaves seabrous, older glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, ovate-oblong,
acutely mucronate, finely serrulate, glabrous, 3-nerved at base; peduncles
opposite the leaves, forked, 2-6-flowered ; fi,-buds linear-oblong, swollen
at base; sepals one-nerved, Jonger than the petals, canescent; ovary

scaly ; drupe globose, glabrous, yellow.

Has. Port Natal, Krauss! Gueinzius! T. Williamson! Delagoa Bay, Forbes!
(Herb, T.C.D., Hook. if

Very much resembling G. officinalis, but well characterized by its sharply serrulate

_ (not crenate) leaves and “ote (not sub-globose) flower-buds and by the very dissi-
milar drupe. Flowers purple.

3. G. obtusifolia (Willd. Hort. Berol. p. 566); “leaves oblong-ellip-
tical, obtuse at both ends, hairy, acutely and unequally serrate.” DC.
Prod. 1. p. 512.

Has. South Africa, Willdenow.

We are unacquainted with this species.

4. G. flava (DC. Hort. Monsp. p. #03) penne’ acd digs “rigid,
canescent ; leaves on short petioles, exactly elliptical, very obtuse, crenu-
late, glabrous above, canescent below, 3-nerved at base; peduncles one-
flowered; fl.-buds oblong ; sepals 3- -nerved, longer than the bifid petals,
canescent ; drupes bilobedy - hispid and furrowed. DC. Prod. 1.

P: o.

ell) Wisds waar Ulienlage 3&2;

s itely Aaah Fens, canescent shrub, with small, exactly oval

leaves and yellow flowers. The berries are eaten by the country-folk. Leaves 4 inch
long, } inch wide.

5. G. cana (Sond. in Linn, 23. p . 20); twigs densely tomentose and =
-canescent ; leaves on short pian: < oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, finely
serrulate, 3-nerved at base, velvetty and canescent on both surfaces ; Ye ae
duncles solitary, one-flowered ; fl.-buds sub-globose, tomentose ; sepals ey

3-nerved, longé than the yellow petals ; ovary villous ; ; drupe depressed, Oe eas
black, thinly tsepid” Sond. l.c.
Has. Macallisberg, Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.).
A much and ae divaricately branched shrub. —_ a

226 TILIACE® (Harv.) [Grewia.

longer and more oblong, downy leaves, which are serrulate (not crenulate). The
fruits are eaten by the Bechuanas, who also make a sort of beer from them.

6. G. hermannioides (Harv.); twigs densely stellato-tomentose, rufes-
cent ; leaves on short petioles, elliptical or oblong, obtuse, calloso-serru-
late, 3-nerved at base, velvetty on the upper, stellato-tomentose on the
under side ; peduncles axillary, solitary, hispid, forked, 2-flowered ; fi.
buds globose, tomentose; sepals 3-nerved, longer than the petals ;
drupes globose, hispid.

Has. Macallisberg, Burke? (Herb. Hook.)

Near G. cana, but with very different pubescence. Leaves 1 inch long, } inch
broad. Only one specimen seen.

7. G. monticola (Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 20); twigs densely tomentose,
with reddish, stellate hairs ; leaves almost sessile, unequal-sided, half-cordate
at base, oval-oblong, acute, unequally calloso-serrate, minutely pubescent
or glabrate above, densely albo-tomentose below; peduncles axillary,
forked, 2-3-flowered ; fi.-buds globose, tomentose ; sepals 3-nerved,
longer than the petals; ovary villous; drupe didymous, shining,

Has. Macallisberg, Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

A much branched, spreading shrub; all the y parts clothed with rusty-red,
stellate hairs. Readily known from @. discolor, which it much resembles, by the
unequally sided leaves.

_ 8. G. discolor (Fresen, in Mus. Senkenb. 2. p. 159) ; twigs densely to-
mentose, with reddish, stellate hairs; leaves on short petioles, eqgual-sided,
elliptic-oblong, acute, somewhat cuneate and 3-nerved at base, serrulate,
minutely pubescent above, albo-tomentose below ; peduncles two or
more from the same axil, forked 2-3-flowered ; fl.-buds globose or oval,
tomentose ; sepals narrow, shorter than the petals ; ovary densely hairy;
drupe? Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 21.

Has. Macallisberg, Zeyher, 146. (Herb., Sond.). =

A large shrub or small tree. Old branches glabrous, with an ashen bark ; younger
fulvous and densely tomentose. Leaves 1-14 inch long and 4 inch broad. 1 have
not seen the original plant of Fresenius (a native of Abyssinia), and adopt from Dr.
Sonder the above name for the S. African specimen here described. It closely re-
bea i G. monticola, but the leaves are narrower, equal-sided at base and on longer
petioles,

(Herb. T.C.D.).
branches are

in Herb. Drege ; scandent ; twigs and
Salas fais derves petiolate,

Triumfetta. | TILIACEH (Harv.) 227

roundish-ovate or cordate, obtuse, unequally dentato-crenate, 3-5-nerved
at base, reticulate and harsh on the upper, softly pubescent on the lower
side ; peduncles solitary, axillary, longer than the petioles, forked,
hispid, 2-4-flowered ; fl.-buds globose, rufo-tomentose ; sepals 3-nerved,
longer than the petals; ovary hirsute; drupes hispid.

Has, Between the Omtata and Port Natal, in several places, Drege! Natal,
Gueinzius! Trans-Kei Country, Mr. Bowker! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.).

A climbing shrub. Leaves much larger and broader than in any other S. African
species, 24-3} inches long, 2-2} inches broad, minutely netted and (when dry) finely
wrinkled on the upper surface, which is hispidulous in the yo r, and smooth in
the older leaves. Allied to G. Asiatica, and still more nearly to @. villosa, W. & A.
but differing from both in its flowers, the character of pubescence, and rugulose reti-
culation of leaves.

IIL TRIUMFETTA, Linn.

Sepals 5, linear, membranous, coloured, fornicate and dorsally mucro-
nate or horned, deciduous. Petals 5, without glands, inserted at the
base of a short columnar torus, which supports the stamens and ovary.
Stamens definite, 5-30 ; filaments thread-like ; anthers roundish. Ovary
2-5-celled; the cells divided by a false, parietal, vertical dissepiment ;
ovules in pairs; style filiform; stigma 2-5-lobed. Capsule sub-globose,
covered with straight or hooked prickles, 2-5-celled; cells 1-2-seeded.
Endl. Gen. 5372. DC. Prod. 1. p. 506.

Shrubs, suffrutices or herbs, dispersed through tropical and sub-tropical countries ;
many of them weeds in tilled ground, and rapidly disseminated by their bur-like
capsules which stick to passing quadrupeds, &c. The leaves, in the same species,
vary greatly in shape ; they are entire or lobed, serrate, and many-nerved, with
glands frequently on the serratures, at the under side. Flowers small, yellow or
orange, solitary or clustered, on simple or branched stalks. Name in honour of
J. B. Triumfetti, an Italian botanist of the seventeenth century, and author of several
botanical works.

1. T. rhomboidea (Jacq. Am. p. 147. t. 90); herbaceous, tall, dif-
fusely much branched, stellulato-pubescent ; lower leaves 3—5-lobed, up-
per rhomboid, acuminate, cuneate at base, the uppermost small and
lanceolate, all minutely pubescent on both sides, unequally serrulate,
5-nerved ; peduncles clustered, axillary, 3-flowered, very short ; sepals
hispid, mucronulate ; stamens 10-15, glabrous ; capsules albo-tomen-
tose, their prickles glabrous above, hooked, and ending in a white point.
DC. Prod. 1. 507. . glandulosa, Lam.? T. velutina, Vahl.? T. riparia,
Hochst. Pl. Kr. No. 56. T. diversifolia and T. angulata, E. Mey.!

Haz. About Port Natal, Mr. Hewetson, Krauss, Drege, Sutherland, (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) ;
Stem 3-4 feet high, panicled, variable in pubescence and foliage. This plant is
robably originally West Indian, but is now spread over most tropical countries.
Probably many of the reputed local species ought to be reduced to it.

2. T. pilosa (Roth, Nov. Sp. p. 223); herbaceous, tall, erect,densely = 2

tomentose with stellate hairs ; lower leaves 3-lobed, upper ovate-oblong, __
acuminate, the very uppermost small and lanceolate, all stellately his-_

pidulous on the upper, and densely tomentose and hispid on the lower _ e
side, unequally serrate, subcordate and 5-nerved at base; peduncles —_—

several together, very short, 3-flowered ; sepals hispid i:

228 _ TILIACEZ (Harv.) [Corchorus.

glabrous ; capsules hispid, their prickles hairy below, glabrous above,
hooked, and ending in a white point. DC. Prod. t. p. 506. W. & Arn.
Prod. p. 74. T. tomentosa, E. Mey. !

Has. South Africa, Drege) Natal, Dr. Sutherland. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.,
Sond.):

Stems 4-6 feet high, strong and half woody at base. Lower leaves 3-5 inches
long, 1-3 inches wide, obscurely 3-lobed or angled ; upper much smaller, ovate .
or lanceolate ; the serratures alternately large and small. Our specimens quite
agree with the East Indian plant. Bojer’s 7. tomentosa, from the Mauritius, is very
similar ; but in that the sets of the capsule are straight. Is the character constant !

3. T. effusa (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege); herbaceous, tall, diffusely
branched, rough with rigid, stellate hairs ; lower leaves .. . . 4 upper
tricuspidate, rounded at base, acuminate, all stellately pubescent and
rough on both sides, unequally toothed and jagged, 5-nerved; pedun-
cles clustered, bracteate above the middle, 1-3-flowered, longer than
the flower ; pedicels half as long as the tomentose sepals ; stamens 10,
glabrous ; capsules hispid, their prickles ciliate at base, glabrous above,
hook-pointed.

Has. Natal country, Drege! T. Williamson! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Closely allied to 7’. Vahlii, and perhaps not distinct. The inflorescence is much

more lax, and the peduncles longer than in the allied species. The leaves resemble
those of 7, angulata, Lam.

4 T. trichocarpa (Sond. ! in Linn. 23. p. 19); erect, shrubby, hispid
with stellate hairs ; leaves subsessile, elliptic-oblong, sub-acute, toothed,
stellato-pubescent on both sides, 3-nerved at base, reticulately veined
below ; stipules subulate, deciduous; peduncles 3-flowered ; sepals
fornicate, hispid ; petals spathulate ; stamens 15-16, glabrous ; ovary
2-celled ; capsules densely setose, the prickles very long, straight, patently
hairy (not hook-pornted.) Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 52.

Has. Macallisberg and near Vaal River, Burke § Zeyher! Zooloo Country,
Miss Owen! (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.).

A rigid, erect shrub, hairy in all parts with coarse, but not thickly set stellate
hairs ; branches very erect. Leaves 1 inch long, 4 inch wide, mostly oblong-oval,
not lobed, but unequally toothed. Petiole one line long. Peduncles shorter than
the leaves, slender, hairy. Sepals linear, hooded at point and long-horned behind.
Style minutely bifid. Capsule sub-globose, | inch in diameter, bristling like a por-
cupine, with straight, very hairy, and long sete.

IV. CORCHORUS, Linn.

: Sepals 4~5, ovate or lanceolate, unequal, deciduous. Petals 4-5, obo-
ie, clawed, hypogynous. Stamens numerous, mostly indefinite. Ovary
r shortly stipitate, 2-5-celled ; ovules very numerous ; style
gmas 2-5. Capsule podlike or roundish, 2-5 celled, 2-5-
culicidal, many-seeded. Hndl. Gen. 5371. DC. Prod. t. p. 504.
erbaceous, suffruticose or shrubb: common throughout the tropics.
Leaves alternate, serrate ; the testh eorsetimes droduesd into long, setacoous pointe.
Stipules lateral. Flowers yellow, o short, simple or branched peduncles, axillary
8. CL titorius and C’. capsuluris are used in the East as pot-

cultivated for their fibrous bark, from which the
‘it. The generic name is the Greek xopxopos,

Corchorus.] TILIACEE (Harv.) 229

.

an old word applied to this or some similar plant, from xopew, to purge ; because the
qualities are laxative.

©

1. C. trilocularis (Linn.); annual ; leaves ovate-oblong or lanceolate,
obtuse or sub-acute, serrulate ; peduncles opposite the leaves, equalling
the petiole, 1-2-flowered ; capsules slender, linear, elongate, 3-4-angled,
3-4-celled, scabrous, tapering to a blunt point. DC. Prod. 1. p. 504.
Jacq. Hort. Vind. t.173. C. asplenifolius, E. Mey. ! non Burch.
ace Near Port Natal, Drege! Gueinzius! Sanderson! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.,

nd. ).

An Nae or diffuse pubescent or hispid annual, 1-3 feet high. Leaves 1-2 inches
long, variable in breadth and pubescence ; the lowermost serratures frequently pro-
longed into bristles. Capsule often 4-celled, rough with minute, sharp points. A
common weed in tropical Africa and Asia.

2. C. asplenifolius (Burch. Cat. 1737., Voy. 1. p. 400) ; perennial,
woody at base; stems prostrate, herbaceous, hispid ; leaves ovate-ob-
long, or oblong, sparsely hispid, dentato-crenate ; peduncles opposite the
leaves, obsolete, 3—4-flowered ; pedicels as long as the ovate, setose flower-
buds ; capsules linear, cylindrical, hispid, attenuated to a blunt point.
DC. Prod. i. p. 505+

Has. Near Saltponds beyond the Orange River, Burchell. Near Grahamstown ?
Dr. Atherstone! (Herb. Hook.)

Stems many from the same crown, widely spreading, flexuous, with patent
branches. Leaves distichous, an inch apart, 1-14 inches long, the shorter ones sub-
ovate, the rest ovate-oblong or linear oblong, all rough with stiff bristles.

3. C. serreefolius (Burch. Cat. 1962., Voy. 1. p. 537); perennial,
woody at base; stems prostrate, herbaceous, villous, or glabrescent ;
leaves linear or linear oblong, glabrous, coarsely toothed ; peduncles
opp. the leaves, obsolete, pedicels shorter than the obovate, acute, gla-
brous flowerbuds ; capsules linear, twisted, 6-valved, rough with sharp
points. DC. Prod. 1. p. 504.

Has, Plains beyond the Orange River, Burchell. Thaba Unka, Burke § Zeyher !
(Herb. Hook., T.C.D.). ae

This resembles (. asplenifolius, but has narrower, more linear, and more strongly
serrate leaves, and is nearly glabrous. The capsules are muricated, not setose.

Orver XXIV. HIPPOCRATEACEZ. Juss.
_- @y W. H. Hanvey.)

(Hippocraticer, Juss. Ann, Mus. 18. 483. Hippocrateacew, Kunth.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 567. Endl. Gen. cexxxvii, Lindl Veg. Kingd. No.
CCXXiv.

mee perfect, regular, small and greenish white. Calyx free, 5-
parted, with imbricate estivation. Petals alternate with the sepals,
sessile, inserted on the margin of a fleshy disc. Stamens 3, within the 4
dise, hypogynous and monadelphous ; anther cells frequently conflu-_

ent. Ovary immersed in the disc, trilocular ; ovules definite or inde- — te

finite, anatropal ; style short, stigma simple or 3-lobed. Fruit either
capsular or fleshy ; seeds exalbuminous, a

p-2

230 HIPPOCRATEACES (Harv.) [Salacia.

‘Small trees or shrubs, with opposite (rarely alternate), simple, entire or serrulate,
coriaceous leaves. Stipules small, soon falling off. Flowers in axillary cymes or
panicles, inconspicuous. A small Order, containing less than a hundred species,
inhabiting the warmer zones, but most numerous in South America. Their pro-
perties are unimportant ; the seeds of some, and the pulpy fruit of others are edible.
The affinities are with Celastracee on the one part, from which the strictly hypogy-
nous stamens divide this Order, and with Muphorbiacee on the other, from which
the bisexual flowers distinguish it.

I. SALACIA, Linn.

Calyx deeply 4—5-parted. Petals 4-5, inserted round a crenate pe-
rigynous disc. Stamens 3, strictly hypogynous ; filaments flattened,
recurved; anthers short, 2-celled, adnate, opening outward by a longi-
tudinal slit. Ovary half sunk in the disc, trilocular; style short ;
stigma 3-lobed ; ovules two or more in each cell. Fruet fleshy, often
by suppression, one-seeded. Hndl. Gen. 5702. DC. Prod. 1.p. 571:

Trees or shrubs, with the aspect of Cassine or Célastrus, common within the
tropics ; a few straggling into the temperate zones. Leaves thick, rigid, entire or
serrulate, glabrous or nearly so, almost always opposite. Flowers minute, greenish

or whitish, in axillary cymes or corymbs. Named from Salacia, the wife of
Neptune.

1. §. Zeyheri (Planch, ! in Herb. Hook.) ; leaves opposite, shortly
petiolate, elliptical or obovate, with thickened margins, crenulate or
repando-dentate ; cymes axillary, few-flowered ; flowers four-parted,
the ovate-oblong, obtuse petals thrice as long as the roundish sepals.
Rhamnus Zeyheri, Spreng | in Herb. Zey.

Has. Eastern Districts, Zeyher! (Herb. Hook.) ;

A glabrous shrub or small tree. Leaves 1 inch long, } inch wide, obtuse, with
minute tubercle in each indentation of the margin. owers greenish, 4-parted in
the specimens examined. Petals persistent. Stamens 3, distant, within the margin
ss a — fleshy dise ; filaments curved backwards; anthers very short. Ovary
trilocular.

2. 8. Kraussii (Hochst. in Flora, xxvii. 1. 306); leaves alternate, sub-
sessile, elliptical or oblong-lanceolate, glossy above, reticulate below,
repando-denticulate ; fascicles subumbellate, axillary, several-fiowered ;
flowers 5-parted, the buds globose; sepals very unequal, much shorter
than the petals. Walp. Rep. 5. p. 147. 8. alternifolia, Hochst. | in Pl.
Krauss. No. 348. Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 25. Diplesthes Kraussii, Harv.

3 — Lond. Journ. 1. p. 19.
Ste Margins of woods, near Port Natal, Dr. Krauss! Dr. Pappe! Gueinzius !

'T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
‘sbrous shrub, ‘Leaves very variable in shape, sometimes beosdity and shortly
l, 13 inch Jong, sometimes almost lanceolate, 24 inches

ia denticulate, with very shallow indentations.” Pedicels numerous,

ae iin? The g * : Fising from axillary tubercles, imperfectiy umbellate ; flower,

formerly proposed by me for this plant, is untenable.

at np SN al lee

ong, always

Aecridocarpus. | MALPIGHIACE, (Sond.) : 231

OrDER XXV. MALPIGHIACEZ, Juss.

(By W. SonpeEr.)

(Juss. Gen. 252., DC. Prod. 1. p. 577., Endl. Gen. cexxviii. Lindl.
Veg. Kingd. No. exxxix.)

Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx 5-parted, equal, persistent, mostly
with conspicuous glands at the base of one or more of the segments
externally. Petals 5, hypogynous, clawed, spreading ; the lamina con-
cave and often jagged, imbricate in estivation. Stamens twice as many
as the petals, those opposite the petals sometimes abortive or wanting ;
filaments connate at base ; anthers erect or incumbent, introrse, longi-
tudinally slitting. Ovary free, 3-2-celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous ;
styles 3, distinct or confluent ; stigmata simple. Fruit various, either
fleshy, or woody and 1-3-winged, the carpels cohering or separate ;
seeds exalbuminous ; embryo commonly conduplicate.

Trees or shrubs, often climbers ; with opposite, rarely alternate, petiolate, simple,
penninerved, very entire or rarely toothed or lobed, often stipulate leaves. Pubes-
cence various, often copious, silky and shining. Flowers in corymbs or racemes,
terminal or lateral: petals red or yellow, rarely white or blue.

A considerable Order, chiefly tropical ; about 14 of the species are natives of the
Old World, the rest American and chiefly from the Southern Continent. Only 4
species have yet been found in South Africa.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

ee Acridocarpus.— Petals sub-entire. Ovary 3-lobed. Fruits with dorsal wing.
‘ II. Triaspis.— Petals fringed. Ovary 6-winged. Fruits with a marginal wing.

I, ACRIDOCARPUS, Guill. & Per.

a Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, longer than the calyx, clawed, sub-entire
s unequal, glabrous, Stamens 10, fertile ; filaments short ; anthers
: large, cordato-lanceolate. Carpels 3, united in a sharply 3-lobed ovary;
styles 2-3, elongate, divergent, flattened, acute. Nuts (samare) 2-3,
confluent at base, each above expanded into a straight or oblique ver-
tical wing, thickened along its upper margin. A. de Juss. Mon. p. 228.
Endl. Gen. No. 5576. .

African trees or shrubs, sometimes climbers. Leaves alternate or opposite, entire,
glabrous or silky, exstipulate. Racemes terminal and lateral ; flowers yellow.
Name axpis, alocust, and xapros, fruit, — | ;

a ie * Flowers racemose.

1. A Natalitius (Juss. 1. c. p.232); branches glabrous, the younger
tomentose ; leaves a a Slog obovate, obtuse, glabrous, leathery ;
racemes terminal, simple, elongate, the rachis and pedicels rusty-tomen-
tose ; bracteoles subulate, without glands ; ovary distylous; wings of —
the fruit broad, obliquely obovate, glabrescent, veiny with nerves.

No, 261. pee sagen pen
. Has. ee Se Krauss, Gueinzius, &c. Oct. (Herb. Sond.,
‘Hook., Ta. .) : : wit zo = Nahe

Hare. Thes. Cap. t. 19. Banisteria Kraussiana, Hochst. in Pl. Krauss. = = ae

282 MALPIGHIACEE (Sond.) | Triaspis.

Branches erect, terete. Leaves mostly alternate, some nearly opposite, 3~5 inches
long, 1~2 inches wide, the upper smaller, shining on the upper surface, paler beneath ;
the petiole 3-4 lines long, with two glands at its summit.Racemes 6 inches long, or
longer, pyramidal ; lower pedicels uncial, spreading. Calyx lobes obtuse, 1 line long.
Petals 5—6 lines long, unequal. Styles as long as the petals. Wings of the fruit an
inch long, 7-8 lines wide, upturned.

** Flowers umbellate. (Sp. 2~3.)

2. A. Galphimizfolius (Juss. l.c. p. 237); branches tomentose, at
es length glabrous ; leaves opposite, short, ovate, mucronate, glaucous be-
< low and sparingly piliferous ; petiole bi-glandular below the summit ;
| umbels four-flowered, terminating the branches and ramuli; ovary and

fruit tristylous. A. pruriens, 8. levigatus, Sond. in Linn. 23. p. 22.

Has. Algoa Bay (quere, Delagoa Bay‘), Forbes in Hb. Lindl. Port Natal, Guein-
zius. (Herb. Sond.)

Branches voluble ; branchlets opposite, divaricate. Leaves 9-18 lines long, 4-7
lines wide, green above. Petiole 2-4 lines long. Umbels 3-5-flowered ; the pedun-
cles at base furnished with minute, subulate bracts, somewhat silky, 4-6 lines long,

| bibracteate at the summit, and articulated with the thickened, 2 line long pedicels.
se Calyx lobes oblong, obtuse, 2 lines long, downy externally. Petals shortly clawed,
me obovate or sub-orbicular, 4-5 lines long, veiny. Styles long, unequal. Ovaries 3,
hairy. Samarz (fide Juss.) 3, on an enlarged, pyramidal receptacle, oblong, the
sides rufo-sericeous, above and outwards produced into a puberulent wing, 5 lines
long and 2} wide. Perhaps a mere variety of the next species ?

3. A. pruriens (Juss. 1. c. p. 238); branches whitish, tomentose; leaves
opposite, short, ovate, mucronulate, silvery and silky on the lower side ;
petioles bi-glandular above the middle; umbels 3~-5-flowered, termi-
nating the branches and ramuli; ovary and fruit tristylous. Banis-
teria prurvens, FE. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Woods near Port Natal, common, Drege, Gueinzius, &c. Macallisberg,
Zeyher. (Herb. Sond., Hook., T.C.D.)

Branches voluble. Leaves 1-11 inches long, }~1 inch wide, obtuse or sub-retuse,

* mucronate, the younger appressedly pubescent above, older glabrate, all silky tomen-
tose on the under side. Petiole tomentose, 3-6 lines long. Umbels mostly ternate;
peduncles silky, 1-1} lines long, bibracteolate at the apex and articulated to the 2-3
Time long pedicels. Calyx and petals as in the preceding. Styles long, unequal.
Ovaries 3, hairy. Samarz 3, silky pubescent, the wings appressedly downy, 5 lines
long, 24 lines wide, twice as long as the styles.

Il, TRIASPIS, Burch.

Calyx short, 5-parted, without glands. Petals longer than the calyx,

= clawed, fringed. Stamens 10, fertile, unequal, sonia at base and ad-
to the stipe of the ovary. Carpels 3, expanded into a wing at each
wis united into a 3-lobed, 6-winged, shortly stipitate ovary. Styles 3,

ae ‘the gate, flat, acute. Samare 3, or fewer, winged at the
pape a a Wing shield-like, sometimes interrupted at the apex, com-
pred dorsally crested in the middle. Juss, I. c. p. 250. Endl. Gen.

Shrubs, often climbin igs SOA ba Geri as .
. heli ne? wound in tropical, : as in Southern Africa, Leaves
- opposite or sub-alternate, entire, glabrous late. Flowers in axillary -
ae fr m Tpis, three, and agms,

Erythrozylon.| | ERYTHROXYLE (Sond.) 233

1. T. hypericoides (Burch. Trav. 2. p. 280. Id. p. 290) ; leaves linear,
glabrous on both sides ; wings of the fruit rounded, semi-orbicular. A,
Juss. l.c. p. 505. t. 17.

Has. Kosi Fountain, lat. 27952’, Burchell. :

Stem shrubby, 3-4 feet high, erect, branched ; branches brown, glabrous, opposite,
spreading. Leaves opposite, rarely sub-alternate, petiolate, lanceolate, linear, glau-
cous, very entire, 5-14 inch long. Pedicels axillary, solitary, 3-6-flowered. Flowers
rosy, inodorous. Sepals lanceolate, erect. Petals spreading, concave. Immature
fruit, sprinkled with branched hairs. Fruits with a roundish wing.

OrpEr XXVI. ERYTHROXYLEA, Kunth.
(By W. Sonver.)

(Kunth, in Humb. Nov. Gen. 5.175. DC. Prod. 1. p. 573. Endl.
Gen. No. ecxxiv. Erythroxylacer, Lindl, Veg. Kingd. No. exl.)

Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx free, persistent, 5-parted or cleft.
Petals 5, hypogynous, equal, broad at base and each furnished in front
with a plaited, bifid scale, imbricated in estivation. Stamens 10, hypo-
gynous ; filaments flat, connate at base ; anthers erect, 2-celled, slitting
lengthwise. Ovary free, 2—3-celled, with solitary ovules ; two cells
abortive ; styles 3, distinct or confluent ; stigmata capitate. Drupe by
abortion unilocular, and one-seeded ; seed with little or no albumen, a
straight embryo and superior radicle.

Shrubs or small trees, natives of the tropical and sub-tropical regions of both hemi-
spheres, most abundant in America. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, simple, penni-
nerved or 3-nerved, entire, glabrous. Stipules intra-axillary, scale-like. Flowers

axillary, solitary or clustered, small, whitish or greenish ; the peduncles springing
from imbricated scales.

This Order consists of a single genus, containing 70 or 80 species. It is closely
— to Malpighiacece, from which it is ot the want of glands on the ras

e peculiar petals and the capitate stigmas. A Peruvian species (Erythroxylon Coca}
is very largely used in S. America, especially by the miners, as a stimulant to the
nervous system. Its leaves, mixed with chine are chewed, and effects similar to
those resulting from the immoderate use of opium are produced. =

I. ERYTHROXYLON, L.

Calyx 5-parted, 5-angled at base. Styles 3, distinct. Endl. Gen. No.
5597, Sec. 1. DOC. Prod. 1. p. 573-

The ic name is derived from e«pvépos, red, and EvAov, wood ; several of the
a en age

1. E. caffrum (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 22); glabrous ; branches terete,
branchlets compressed ; leaves on very short petioles, ovate or obovate-
oblong, emarginate, acute at base, coriaceous, netted with veins, shining ;
stipules rigid, very acute, sub-persistent, half as long as the petiole; pedun-
cles 2-4, on axillary depauperated ramuli, twice as long as the flowers;
calyx-lobes triangular; petals obovate ; stamens longer than the clavate
styles. | bes

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius, T. Williamson. (Herb. Sond.,T.C.D.)

A shrub. Leaves 1-2 inch long, 8-10 lines wide, dark green above, paler below,
netted on both sides with raised veins. Petioles channelled, 1~14 lines long.

234 OLACINE& (Sond.) [ Ximenia.

pules 4 line long. Peduncles 4 lines ; petals 2 lines long. Stamens 10, fil. connate
at base. Styles 3.

2. E. pictum (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege); glabrous; branches terete,
slightly angled by the decurrent petiole; branchlets compressed ; leaves
short-stalked, obovate-oblong or obovate, very obtuse, slightly emargi-
nate, obtuse at base, sub-coriaceous, opaque and nearly veinless (or faintly
veined) on both surfaces, pale below ; stipules soon deciduous, membranous,
longer than the petiole; peduncles about 2, axillary ; calyx-lobes trian-
gular ; drupe oblong.

Has. In the valley, near the river, between Omsamculo and Omcomas, towards
Port Natal, Drege. April. Albany. Mrs. 7. W. Barber! (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Branches here and there tubercled. Leaves 2-21 inches long, 11-14 lines wide,
when dry (often) dark red on the upper side, with a very narrow white margin,
without evident veins ; below pale, the mid-rib purpurascent, the primary veins ob-
solete, secondary immersed. Petioles 2-3 lines ; stipules 3 lines long. Peduncles
4 lines long. Calyx very short, exceeded by the staminal tube. Petals not seen.
Drupe 4 lines long, blackish-blue. This differs from the preceding by its thicker
branches and larger and neither glossy nor conspicuously netted leaves. Mrs. Barber's

specimens (in Herb. T.C.D.) are less brightly coloured, with rather more evident
nerves.

Orver XXVII. OLACINEA, Mirb.

(By W. Sonper. )

(Mirb. Bull. Philom. (1813.) DC. Prod. 1. p.-531. Endl. Gen. No.
cexxiii, Benth. Linn. Trans, 18. p.676. Olacacex, Lindl. Veg. Kingd.
No. clxii. Olacacew, Icacinacese and Aptandraces, Miers.)

Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx small, free or partly adnate, truncate
or toothed, unchanged or enlarged in fruit. Petals 4-6, hypogynous or
sub-perigynous, with valvate zstivation, free, or united in pairs, or com-
bined at base into a tube. Stamens as many or twice as many as the
petals, inserted with them, coalescing or free ; those opposite the petals
often barren ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, slitting lengthwise. Ovary
seated on a small or thickened torus, which is sometimes concrete with
the calyx, unilocular, or spuriously or incompletely 3-4-celled, or rarely
excentrically 3-celled. Ovules 2-4, collateral, rarely solitary, pendulous
from the summit of a free-central placenta, or attached to the sides of
_ the ovary or spurious dissepiments ; style simple ; stigma trancate or
lobed. _Drupe subtended by the unaltered or enlarged calyx, one-celled
and one-seeded (rarely 2-3-seeded). Seed with much albumen, and a
Small, axile or basal embryo.

or shrubs, erect or climbing, unarmed or spiny, glabrous or thinly pubes-
of the tropics and subtropical regions of both hemispheres." Leaves

uple, very entire, exsti , without glands. Flowers sometimes poly-
either axi racemose, or cymose, or terminal and
Solitary. Bracts , more often minute, rarely the

es small, connate in a cup or none. . Only two South

a

|
|

SE rsaipanaeds Neale

A podytes. | OLACINEE (Sond.) 235

placenta adhering below to the spurious dissepiments, free above.
Ovules as many as the spurious cells, pendulous from the apex of the
placenta. Seed spuriously erect. Jnjlorescence aatllary, racemose ; the
racemes rarely reduced to a single flower.

I. XIMENIA, Plum.

Calyx free, unchanged in fruit. Petals 4—5, free, hairy at base, within.
Stamens twice as many as the petals, all fertile, free, hypogynous. Drupe
baceate, with a bony one-seeded nut. ndl. Gen. 5490. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 533. Benth. 1. .

Tropical trees or shrubs, usually armed with axillary spines. Leaves coriaceous,
ovate or lanceolate, entire. Peduncles axillary, one-flowered, or corymbose and

many-flowered. Named after Fr. Ximenes, a Spaniard, author of an account of the
medical plants and the animals of New Spain.

1. X. caffra (Sond. Linn. 23, p. 21); tomentose ; branches spiny,
reddish ; leaves elliptical or oblong-elliptical, obtuse, emarginate, cori-
aceous, the adult glabrous above ; peduncles axillary, solitary or in pairs,
single-flowered ; petals externally pubescent, densely bearded within ;
drupe oval, glabrous.

Var. §.? Natalensis; branches and leaves glabrous ; petioles, pedun-
eles and calyces pubescent.

Has. In woods at Macallisberg, Zeyher, No. 1847. 8. at Port Natal, Gueinzius.
Oct. Dec. (Herb. Sond.)

A shrub. Branches sub-divaricate, terete or angular, clothed with a short tomen-
tum, more copious on the ramuli, and armed with short (3-4 lines long) spines.
Leaves short-stalked, 1} inch long, 10-12 lines wide, entire, one-nerved, the younger
at each side clothed with brownish pubescence, the adult shining above. Peduncles
3 lines long. Calyx 4-fid. Petals 4, lanceolate, 3-31 lines long, recurved at the
vy ts. Drupe nearly an inch long, fleshy, edible. Var. 8. resembles X. laurina,

.» (X. Americana, var. inermis, Hochst.) but differs in its thick leaves and pedun-
cles always one-flowered and pubescent. _ Bees *

Sub-Order IT. Icactnez, > era
_ Ovary completely unilocular, or excentrically and completely 3-
locular. Ovules 2 in each cell, collaterally pendulous from the apex of
a placenta adhering to one side of the ovary, lying one above the other
(one funiculus being longer). Style excentrical. Seed pendulous. In-

ee ie A ee, ©. Mey. |

Calyx free, 4—5-toothed, unchanged in fruit. Petals 4~5, glabrous
within, united at base, among themselves and with the stamens,
Stamens 5, all fertile. Ovary one-celled. Frwit ovato-reniform, sub-
compressed, oblique, with a fleshy protuberance on one side. Benth.
lc. p. 683.

Only one species known. — lag oe

1. A dimidiata (E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege); Benth. Jc. tab. 41. Plee-
tronia ventosa, Thunb.! in Herb. Holm. (non Auct.) i

Has. In woods. Grootvadersbosch, Zeyher, No. 2024. Stellenbosch, E. & Z

B
28
|

236 SAPINDACE® (Sond.)

Terebinth, No.9. Bothasberg, Alb., 2.4 Z./ Tereb. No. 8. In Uitenhage and George,
E.& Z.! Ter. No. 7., Drege, Krauss. Port Natal, Drege, Krauss, &c. Oct. April.
(Herb. Sond., T.C.D., Hook.).

A tree, 20-50 feet high, with grey bark, and angular, pubescent branches, Leaves
alternate, petiolate, ovate-elliptical, oblong, or ovate-acuminate, 1-24 inches long,
obtuse, very entire, rounded or cuneate at base, perennial, glabrous and shining on
the upper, sparsely pubescent on the lower side, at length glabrous, and drying black.
Panicles terminal, loosely branched, as long as the leaves or longer. Bracts minute,
ovate or lanceolate. Flowers scarcely more than 1 line long. Calyx minutely downy.
Corolla glabrous. Drupe baccate, 2 lines long, including the fleshy appendage, 4
lines wide. Seed ovate-reniform, compressed, with a thin seed coat; albumen abun-
dant, fleshy, black.

OrperR XXVIII SAPINDACEZ. Juss.

(By W. SonpEr.)

(Sapindi, Juss. Gen. 246. Sapindacer, Juss, An. Mus. 18, 476.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 601. Endl. Gen. No. cexxx. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No.
CXXXVi.) z

Flowers often polygamous or unisexual. Calyx 4—5-parted, with im-
bricate sestivation, the sepals mostly unequal and partly connate. Petals

—5 (or sometimes none), alternate with the sepals and often bearded,
or furnished with scales on the inner face, imbricated in estivation.
Dise fleshy, free or adhering to the bottom of the calyx, interposed be-
tween the petals and stamens, regular or irregular. Stamens inserted
within the disc, 8-10 or fewer, rarely 12-20, often excentrical ; filaments
filiform, free or connate at base ; anthers 2-celled, introrse. Ovary free,
2-4-celled, with axile placentz ; ovules 1-3, rarely more numerous ;
style simple or 2—4-cleft. Frwit capsular or fleshy ; seeds often arillate,
exalbuminous ; embryo usually curved or convolute, with incumbent
or rarely accumbent cotyledons and an inferior radicle.

Trees, shrubs or herbaceous plants, natives of the warmer temperate and the tro-
pical zones. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, very often compound, ternate or
pinnate or supra-decompound. Stipules none or small and caducous. Inflorescence
racemose or paniculate.

A considerable Order much diversified in vegetation and in the structure of its
flowers, but not readily divisible, except into sub-orders. We append to it two
genera, Pteroxylon and Aitonia, whose affinities are uncertain, but which cannot be
very far removed. Picroxylon differs by its slightly imbricate, erect petels, its regu-

__ lar and isomeric stamens, winged seeds and accumbent cotyledons ; in all but the

_ last of these characters resembling Cedrelacee. Aitonia, which has been sometimes
referred to Meliacee, sometimes to the Geranial-group of Orders, and sometimes to

= oe differs from Sapindacee chiefly by the insertion of its stamens, outside the

collateral ovules and the slightly curved embryo. In external habit it is
ea, and its bladdery capsules resemble of Cardiospermum and

THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.
wers furnished with petals.
-lobed,

‘shortly stipitate, 3-angled, tapering into a short 3-sided style, .

Evrythrophysa. | SAPINDACEE (Sond.) 237

IV. Sapindus—Flowers 5-parted. Ovary 3-lobed. Fruit tricoccous.
V. Hippobromus.— Flowers 5-parted. Petals naked. Ovary undivided. Fruit dru-
paceous. ;
** Flowers without petals,
VI. Dodonzea.—Capsule 2-3-4 winged, membranous. Shrubs.

Tribe 1. Saprype&. Ovules mostly solitary, rarely 2. Embryo curved,
or rarely straight. (Gen. i.—v.)

I. CARDIOSPERMUM. L.

Sepals 4, two of them smaller. Petals 4, with internal, unequal ap-
pendages. Two hypogynous-glands between the petals and stamens.
Stamens 8. Styles 3. Fruit inflated, of 3 membranous, dorsally-winged
carpels, connate by their inner faces, valveless. Seeds globose, with a
wide, cordate scar ; cotyledons incumbent, large, transversely folded in
the middle ; radicle short, inferior, pointing to the hilum. ndl. Gen.
No. 5598. DC. Prod. 1. p. 601.

Tropical and sub-tropical climbing, herbaceous plants, natives chiefly of the New
World. Leaves alternate, biternate or supra-decompound, petiolate ; leaflets toothed
or cut, often dotted. Flowers sometimes dioecious, in axillary racemes or panicles,
the common peduncle bearing near the summit a pair of simple tendrils, or abortive
pedicels. The 8. African species is found commonly throughout the tropics of both °
hemispheres. Name, xapdia, the heart, and owepua, a seed; from the heart-shaped
hilum of the seed.

1. C. Halicacaba (Linn. Sp. 925); stem, petioles and leaves glabrous ;
leaves biternately cut, the segments petiolate, inciso-dentate ; hypogy-
nous glands rounded, short. DC.l.c. Lam. Ill. t. 317. Rumph. Amb,
6. t.24. f.2. Bot. Mag. t. 1049. C. microspermum, E. Mey.! in Herb.
Drege, non H. BLE.

Has, In sandy places near the Kei River, and near Omsamwubo, Drege! Umlaas
River, Natal, Krauss, Gueinzius. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., Hook., &c.) pe

Stem furrowed and angular. Leaves petiolate; the common petiole $—14 inches
long, the partial shorter, unequal, intermediate longer; leaflets ovate or oblong,
acuminate, glabrous or minutely puberulous at each side, sometimes on longer
petiolules, 1-1} inches long, the side leaflets usually smaller and less acuminate.
Peduncles longer than the leaves, triparted at the apex, below which there are two
tendrils ; pedicels 3-4, which are 6-10 lines long in fruit. Flowers small. Fruit
thinly downy, netted with veins, 8 lines long, and 10 wide. Seeds as large as pepper-
corn, black, with a white cordate spot. bE oe

Flowers perfect. Calyx campanulate, sub-oblique, coloured, 5-lobed,
the lobes obtuse, sub-unequal. Petals 4 (the place of the fifth vacant),
inserted under the margin of a fleshy, cup-shaped disc, on long, linear-
filiform, pilose claws ; the limb oblong, obtuse, hooded at the base and
furnished with a short, petaloid, toothed and crested, but beardless
scale. Stamens 8, ascending, inserted in a tuft beneath a rostrate-acu-

minate, fleshy gland, at the side of the flower, where the fifth petal is =

deficient ; filaments exserted, hairy ; anthers oblong, 2-celled, dorsally
inserted above the base, at length bifid at base and versatile. Oi

238 SAPINDACEZ (Sond.) [ Schmidelia.

ovules 2, one above the other, axile, the lower pendulous, the upper
ascending-erect. Fruit inflated, of 3 membranous, dorsally winged,
valveless carpels, connate by their inner faces. Seeds solitary, globose,
compressed, on very short seed-cords; testa purple, without aril ; radicle
next the hilum, inferior ; cotyledons? W. Arn.in Hook, Journ. Bot. 3.
p. 258.

A rigid, glabrous shrub, with alternate branches. Leaves impari-pinnate, crowded
near the ends of the branches ; the rachis interruptedly winged, the wings narrow-
obovate oblong, cuneate ; leaflets obovate, flat, undulate, very entire, mucronulate,
acute at base, sub-sessile, flowers racemoso-corymbose, red. Name, epu@pos, red, and
guoa, a bag; from the red, bladdery fruit.

1, E. undulata (E. Mey.! in Pl. Drege). Erythrophila undulata,
Arn. l. c.

Has. At Uitkomst, 2000-3000 f., and on the Mts. before Kamisberge and Kas-
parskloof, Elleboogfontein and Geelbecks Kraal, 3-4000 f. Aug. Drege / Namaqua-
land, Backhouse! (Herb. Sond., T,C.D.). Z

Branches rigid, with short, ashen, divaricated branchlets. Leaves an inch long ;
leaflets 3 lines long, 2 lines wide. Racemes corymbose, or panicled, abbreviate, leaty
at base, the rachis 1-14 inches long. Pedicels glandular. Calyx lobes downy
within. Claws of the petals 2 lines long, lamina 4-5 lines. Ripe fruit 14 inches long,
z inches wide, obtusely emarginate at base, shortly stipitate, purplish, netted with
veins, Only one seed seen, in which the cotyledons were not developed.

3 Ill. SCHMIDELIA, Linn.
Flowers often monceciously polygamous. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4,

bearded on the face. Stamens 8. Ovary didymous. Fruit of two fleshy,

one-seeded carpels. Hndl. Gen. No. 5605. DC. Prod. 1. p. 610.

Tropical and sub-tropical trees and shrubs, Leaves alternate, trifoliolate or
simple ; leaflets toothed, serrate, or sub-entire, often pellucid dotted, Flowers small,
in axi racemes. Named in honour of Casimir Christopher Schmiedel, once
Professor at Erlange, and author of several botanical treatises, between 1751 and
1793. :

* Leaves trifoliolate (Sp. 1-4).

1. §. melanocarpa (Arn. in Hook. Journ. 3. p. 153); branchlets glab-

‘Tous or downy ; leaves trifoliolate, leaflets petiolulate, oval, acuminate

at each end, dentato-serrate, glabrous, bearded in the axils of the veins;
peduncles divided into 2-3 subspicate racemes, thinly downy ; carpels

_ black, sub-globose, one often abortive. Presi, Bot. Bem. p. 40. 8. Afri-
cana, DC., ex Hochst. Rhus melanocarpa, E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.
an. Among shrubs, at Port Natal, Drege Gueinziue! Williamaon! (Herb. B.

green below, with raised veins, the in coarsely toothed or sub-serrate.
Ti lenge aves, ay tare “0 “

donger or shorter than the lea: sie 13 tenho beg? Bh:
ca “e sh, on pedicels 11 line long, solitary, in pairs or ternate. Gare con-
Serpe x Rapes } hairy d, with versatile anthers. Style bifid.

Schmidelia. | SAPINDACEZ (Sond.) 239

alabrous, bearded in the axils of the veins; peduncles divided in 2-3 sub-
spicate racemes, thinly downy ; carpels whitish, obovate, one often abor-
tive. Presl, l.c. Rhus leucocarpa, E, Mey.! Hb. Drege.
tata Among shrubs at the river near Omsamwubo, Drege’ (Herb. E. Mey.,
md.) : Ss
Very like the preceding in the form of the leaves, the inflorescence and flowers,
but differing in the leaves not turning dark in drying, and especially in the obovate
white carpels, 14 lines long. According to Arnott this is the true S. Africana, DC.,
to which opinion I cannot assent. Neither this nor the preceding agrees with the
excellent figure of S. Africana, in Rich. Tent. Fl. Abyss. t. 27.

3. 8. Natalensis (Sond.) ; branchlets glabrous ; leaflets sessile, od-
longo-lanceolate, obtuse, narrowed at base, the margin revolute, remotely
and obtusely toothed, shining above, pale below, quite glabrous on both
sides; peduncles divided in 2-3 spiked racemes, minutely downy ;
carpels sub-globose (immature) blackish. S. erosa, Arn. lc. Presl, l.c.
excl, syn. Thunb. Rhus erosa, BE. Mey. ! non Thunb.

Has. Among shrubs near Omsamculo and Natal, Drege! Plant! April. (Herb.
E. Mey.! Sond., T.C.D.)

Branches and branchlets as in the preceding. Common petiole shorter than the
leaf. Leaflets more coriaceous than in the preceding specimen, 3 inches long, 8-12
lines wide, below netted with raised veins, regularly and shortly toothed, not erose.
Flowers (scarcely larger), peduncles, calyx, petals, stamens, young carpels and styles
as in L. melanocarpa.

4. §. decipiens (Arn.1.c.); branchlets and petioles minutely downy;
leaflets sessile, oblongo-lanceolate or obovate, narrowed at base, toothed near
the apex, with revolute margins, glabrous, paler below, and bearded in
the axils of the veins; peduncles wndivided, equalling the leaves ; fl.
spicato-racemose ; carpels 2-1, rather large, obovate (when dry), reddish.
S. undulata and S. decipiens, Arn. l.c. Presi, l. c., excl. syn. Jacg. Rhus
spicata, Thunb, Fl. Cap. p. 265. R. undulata and R. decipiens, E. Mey.!

Has. In woods. Zitzekamma and Krakakamma, Keyskamma and Oliphant’s
rie and towards Port Natal, Drege / E. & Z.! Zey. No. 2249. Dec.-Mar. (Herb.

. Mey., Sond., T.C.D.) ay ir agua

A smaller shrub than the preceding, with small leaves, and short, undivided ra-
cemes. Branches ash-coloured ; branchlets whitish. ranger d oxo 1 inch Jong.
Middle leaflet 14-2 inches long, 7-10 lines wide ; lateral , all coriaceous,
ee cuneate and very entire in the lower half, with a few larger or smaller
teeth from the middle to the apex, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, mucronulate.
Spikes including the peduncle 1-2 inches long. Flowers small, greenish or brownish,
shining ; their parts, &c., as in S. melanocarpa. Ovaries divaricate ; style bifid.
Carpels twice as large as in the other species, 2}~3 lines long, 2 lines wide. Rhus
undulata, Jacq. Schoenb. t. 346, though very like this species, differs in its paniculate,
dioecious, pentandrous flowers.

** Leaves simple. [unifoliolate.]

§. 8. Dregeana (Sond.); branchlets, petioles and leaves glabrous ;
leaves simple, broadly ovate, acute, sinuato-dentate, pale below, netted
with veins ; peduncles solitary, undivided ; flowers racemoso-spicate.
S. monophylla, Presl, l.c., non Hook.f. Rhus monophylla, E. Mey.! Hb.

Has. Among shrubs, near Omsameulo and Omcomas, Drege! March, (Herb. Po Eo

240 : SAPINDACEH (Sond.) [Sapindus.

Leaves 3 inches long, 2 inches wide, articulate to the apex of an inch long petiole,
dull green above, paler or livid below. Spikes, including the peduncle, 2-4 inches
long. Flowers as in the other species.

IV. SAPINDUS. Linn.

Calyx unequally 5-parted or of 5-sepals, 2 outside 3. Petals 4, 5, 9,
naked or bearded at the base inside, or furnished with a scale above the
claw. Stamens 8-10 or rarely more, on a hypogynous disc. Style one;
stigmata 3. Fruit of 3 fleshy or leathery, sub-globose carpels, connate
at base, 1-2 often abortive. Seed erect, with or without aril; cotyle-
dons thick, curved, the outer embracing the inner, which is transversely
folded ; radicle acute, inferior. Endl. Gen. 5610, also Pappea, H. & Z.!
En. p. 53. Endl. Gen. 5635. Harv. Gen. S.A. Pl. p. 36.

Tropical and sub-tropical, unarmed trees with abruptly pinnate, or by abortion of
one leaflet often impari-pinnate, more rarely simple, coriaceous leaves. Flowers
polygamous, in axillary racemes or in terminal panicles. Name, a syncope of Sapo-
Indicus, Indian Soap; the aril of the seeds of S. Saponaria is used in S. America as
soap.

* Leaves pinnate. (Sp. 1-2.)

1, 8. capensis (Sond.); branches and leaves glabrous; rachis not
winged ; leaves petiolate, abruptly pinnate, leaflets in 3-4 pairs, sessile,
oblong, narrowed at base and apex, obtusely toothed, coriaceous, undu-
late, netted with veins, with minute pellucid dots ; panicle axillary,
shorter than the leaf; carpels 2-1, sub-globose, glabrous.

aay Langekloof, George, 24000 f., H.&Z.! Drege, No. 8266. Decr. (Herb.

Branches ash-coloured. Leaves alternate. Rachis 2}~3 inches long, narrow. Leaf-
lets 224 inches long, 7—12 lines wide, cuneate, acuminate, sub-obtuse, paler below ;
the teeth obtuse, }-1 line long. Panicle 1-2 inches long, minutely downy. Flowers
unknown. Fruit short-stalked, fleshy; each carpel as big as a cherry, one-seeded.
Seed erect, brownish purple, shining, larger than a pea.

2. S. oblongifolius (Sond.); dicecious ; leaves petiolate, abruptly or
unequally pinnate, leaflets 5-7 pairs, petiolulate, alternate or opposite,
oblong, netted with veins, glabrous ; panicle axillary, thinly pubescent,

the flowers fascicled ; stamens 15-163; carpels 3-1, fleshy, sub-globose,
~ one-seeded, the younger yellow-tomentose, the older glabrous. Rhus
_ oblongifolia, E. Mey.! Hb. Drege. Prostea oblongif. Arn. in Hook. Lond.

Journ. Vol. 3. Presi, l.c. Simaba lachnocarpa, Hochst. Pl. Krauss,

: — No. 113. Sapindus capensis, Hochst. Flora, 1843. p. 80, excl. syn.
Wan oe at Omsamculo and near Port Natal, Drege, Krauss, Hewitson, and

= tees. _Leaves 6-12 inches long. Leaflets 2-34 inches long, 1-1} inch wide,

oblong, sub-apiculate anthers.
not seen, Style hairy,
of 3, 2, 1 carpels, each carpel obovate-

Dodoncea.] SAPINDACEE (Sond.) - oe

** Leaves simple.

3. S. Pappea (Sond.); branches and leaves glabrous; leaves simple,
alternate, obovate-oblong, obtuse at base, unequal, with revolute margins;
racemes crowded to the ends of the branches, the male racemes equal-
ling the leaves, the female 3-8-flowered, shorter. Pappea capensis, E.
& Z.! En. p. 53. Hook. Ic. Pl.t. 352. Pappe, Fl. Med. p.3. Sylv. Cap.
p.6. Kiggelaria integrifolia, E, Mey.! Hb. Drege, non Jacq.

Has. In woods, between the Zwartkop’s and Coega River, Uit.; and in the Bot-
hasberge, near the Fish River, Albany, #. & Z./ Zey. No. 151. At Silverfontein,
Namaqualand, 2-3000 f., Drege! Sep.-Nov. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.).

A tree 15-20 feet high, with hard wood. Branches spreading, ash-coloured.
Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, 14-3 inches long, 6-10 lines wide, pale
underneath. Racemes 1-2 inches long. Flowers minute. Calyx } line long.
Stamens with woolly filaments, exserted. Ovary hairy, 3-celled, cells t-ovuled.
Fruit globose, fleshy, downy, red, about as large asasmall cherry. The fruit, called
“« Wilde Preume, Oliepitten, Wilde Amandel, t’Kaambesje,” is edible, and a bland
oil is expressed from the seeds.

V. HIPPOBROMUS, E. & Z.

Flowers polygamo-diocecious. Calyx 5-sepalled, persistent, unequal.
Petals 5, obovate, hypogynous, without scales, imbricate. Male : stamens
8, inserted within an annular disc ; anthers oblong, basifixed. Ovary
abortive, silky-tomentose. Female: ovary 3-celled, seated on a dise.
Style short, thick ; stigma capitate, trifid. 8 abortive stamens. Peri-
carp drupaceous, fleshy, of 1-3 pyrena. Seed pendulous, exalbuminous ;
cotyledons green, fleshy, conduplicate ; radicle very short, near the
hilum, #. & Z. En. p.151. Endl. Gen. No. 5637.

A resiniferous tree, with abruptly pinnate leaves ; and sub-opposité leaflets. Pani-
cles axillary, short ; flowers reddish, velvetty ; the calyx lobes rounded-concave and,
like the petals, ciliato-laciniate. Name, fwmos, a horse, and Bpwuos, a bad smell;
colonial name “ Paardepis.” BEE ne ee

1. alata (E. & Z.!); Pappe, Sylv. Cap. Rhus alatum and R. pau-
eiflorum, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 268. Weinmannia dioica, Spreng. Suppl. ad
Syst. Veg. p. 18. °

A tree. Branches erecto-patent, grey, the younger ones yellowish-red, thinly
a aie winged, thinly tomentose. Leaflets sessile, in

ate or tootl uite e t
or obovate, cuneate at base, mostly oblique, coriaceous, glabrous or appressedly

Tribe 2. Donon#acex. Ovules 2-3 in each cell, Embryo spirally
rolled.

VI. DODONZA, L.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 3-4-5-parted. Petals none. Stamens 5 es

or more ; filaments very short ; anthers erect, thick, + Ova

i PTHEROXYLE® (Sond.) [ Ptceroaylon.

sessile, 3-4-angled, 3-4-celled; ovules in pairs; style angular, central,
3-4-cleft. Capsule membranous, 2-3-4-winged. Hndl. Gen. 5626.

Shrubs or small trees, tropical or sub-tropical, very numerous in Australia. Leaves
alternate, exstipulate, simple or impari-pinnate, often exuding gummy secretions.
Flowers small, green, generally in racemes, axillary or terminal. Named in honour
of Rambert Dodoens, commonly called Dodoncus, a famous physician and author of
a Historia Plantarum. He died in 1585.

1, D. viscosa (Linn. Mant. 238) ; Jeaves obovate-oblong, cuneate at
base, viscid ; flowers racemose, or racemoso-paniculate ; fruits 2-3-
winged, as long as the stalk or longer, DC. Prod. 1. p. 616. A. Gray,
Gen. 182. Plum, ed. Burm. t. 247. f. 2. Sloane, Hist. Jam. 2. t. 162. f. 3-
D, Natalensis, Sond. Linn. 23. p. 23.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius, Williamson. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.).

Branches terete, reddish ; branchlets sub-compressed. Leaves sessile, much atte-
nuate at base, very entire or sub-crenulate, penni-nerved, acute, 3-34 inches long,
10-12 lines wide. Racemes panicled, half as long as the leaves, with spreading,
viscid branchlets. Flowers small, hermaphrodite. Calyx 1 line long. Fruit, not
quite mature, 4~5 lines long and wide. The Natal specimens differ from American
ones by more acute leaves, the old ones scarcely viscid and somewhat smaller fruits.

2. D. Thunbergiana (E. & Z.! 419); leaves lanceolate or linear-lanceo-
late, narrowed at base, repandly. sub-denticulate ; flowers racemose ;
fruits 2-3-winged, as long as the pedicel or longer. D. angustifolia,
Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 383.

Var. £. linearis; branchlets more crowded ; leaves linear, acute or
obtuse, mucronulate. D. Mundtiana, E. & Z.! 420. D. linearis, E. Mey.!

Has. Mountain sides, at the Paarl, Piquetberg, Hex rivier, Thunberg, Krauss,
Drege, 7532, Zeyher 152. Hassagaiskloof, Zeyher 2027. Tulbagh, and at Brack-
fontein, Z.& Z. 8. Hills near Kochman’s Kloof, at Gauritz Rivier, Mundt. In
Zwartruggens, near Uitenhage, and Graaf Reynet, EZ. dé Z./ Modderfontein, and
near Leliefontein, Drege. Aug.—Nov. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.).

A shrub, 5-10 feet high, much branched, glabrous, Leaves somewhat viscid, 14-
24 inches long, 3-4 lines broad ; in 8. 1—2 lines broad, mid-ribbed below. Racemes
} inch, simple or branched, dense ; peduncles lengthening in fruit, Flowers green,
polygamous. Calyx obtuse, a line long. Stamens 8, rarely 7-6. Style trifid. Cap-
sule 5-6 lines long and wide, resinous—-shining. A decoction of the root is used as &
purgative in fever. Pappe, Fl. Cap. Med. Prod. p. 4.

(GENERA wHosm AFFINITY 18 VERY UNCERTAIN.)

poly za bu Y icephonss Sepals 4, short, obtuse. Petals 4, at
ty siandular. Stamens 4, alternate with the petals ; fil.

glabrous ; an

; fixed below the middle, bifid at base. Ovary

Aitonia. | AITONIEH (Harv.) __ 243

compressed, obcordate, 2-celled ; ovules solitary, affixed at the inner
angle above the base. S¢yles 2, or connate in one ; stigmas capitate.
Capsule compressed, bi-lobed at the apex, cordate at base, 2-celled, 2-
seeded, the cells internally dehiscing, at length separating, and suspended
from a bi-partite axis. Seeds compressed, produced into a membranous
wing; cotyledons flat, somewhat fleshy, accumbent to the inferior, cylin-
drical radicle. #. d& Z. Hn. p.54. Endl. No. 5636.

A with abruptly or impari-pinnate leaves; leaflets -sided, ir,
doamuane , very eerie pti, panicled, shorter ence pon a
at the ends of the branches ; fl. small, white or yellowish. Name, from rraipw, to
sneeze, Evdov, wood ; sneeze-wood, colonia] name of the tree.

1. Pt. utile (E. & Z.1.¢.); Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 17. on

Has. Hill sides near the Boschjesman’s Rivier and in Adow and Coega, Uiten- —
hage, FE. ¢ Z., Zeyher, No. 2025, Drege 6814 ; and in other parts of the Eastern
districts, common. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.) Ese

A tree, 20-30 feet high, with a trunk 2-4 feet diameter. Leaves opposite.
Rachis pubescent, sub-compressed, 3—5 inches long. Leaflets ovate-oblong, obtuse,
or sub-retuse, mucronulate, oblique at base, coriaceous, veiny, 1 inch long, 4—6 lines
wide or less. Panicles 1-2 inches long. Petals 2 lines long. Capsule 7-10 lines
long, 5-6 lines wide. Seed 2 lines, or including the wing, 6-8 lines long. The wood,
Nieshout, Sneezewood, is handsome, takes a fine polish, is strong, durable, and some-
what like mahogany, Pappe, Stilv. Cap. p. 5.

** AITONIEA, Harv.

(By W. H. Harvey.)

AITONIA, Linn. f.

Calyx short, deeply 4-parted, slightly imbricate in estivation, deci-
duous. Petals 4, much longer than the calyx, erect, oblong, sessile, —
strongly imbricate and slightly convolute in estivation. Stamens 8,
hypogynous, monadelphous, exserted ; filaments ascending, subulate,
flat, their dilated bases united in a short tube ; anthers incumbent,
oblong, introrse, 2-celled, slitting longitudinally. Hypogynous-dise cup-
shaped, crenulate, fleshy, within the stamens. Ovary sessile, 4-lobed,
4-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, axile, ascending, sub-sessile,
semi-amphitropal ; style filiform, exserted, stigma simple. Capsule in-
flated and membranous, deeply 4-lobed, and acutely 4-angled, 4-celled,
loculicidal, the valves septiferous. Seeds 2-1, in each cell, reniform,
with a thick, corrugated, leathery and rather loose testa; embryo green,
incurved, exalbuminous, enclosed in a membranous integument, sepa-
rable from the testa ; radicle short, straight; cotyledons elliptic-oblong,
leafy. Endl. Gen. No. 5548. A. Juss. Mem. Mus. 19. 186.

A shrub with alternate or fascicled, very entire, linear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous,

leaves ; solitary, axillary, purplish, stalked flowers _

cnt weaaee It is named in honour of W. Aiton, Gardener to King a Bote

a

and
George III., and author of the ‘* Hortus Kewensis.”

1. A. capensis sis (Linn. f. Suppl, 303) ; Ait. Hort, Kew.-Ed. 1. Vol, 3
p-43t. und, Fl. Cap. p. 8 E. ES No, 426, Curt. B -

244 MELIACEZ (Sond.) [Turred. 7

173. Cav. Diss. t. 159. Lam, Encyel. t. 571. Lodd. Cab. Bot. t. 682.
Rehb. Exot. t. 229. Burm. Afr. t.21.f.2. Don, in Ed. N. Phil. Journ:
1832, p. 242, and 1833, p. 262,

Has. Karroo, near Gouds River and Slang River, Thunberg. Gauritz River,
George ; and between Uitenhage and Graaf Reynet, H.¢:Z./ Zwarteberg, 2-3000 f.;
between Kaus, Natvoet, and Doornpoort, 1-2000 f. (Orange River Mouth); and near

the Great Fish River, Albany, Drege/ Winterhoek, Dr. Pappe! Woods near Uiten-
hage, Dr. Alecander Prior? (Herb. T.C.D., &c.)
A much branched, rigid shrub, 5-10 feet high, with long, virgate, leafy branches.
igs angular, minutely downy. Leaves densely set, scattered, or fascicled on tu-
bercle-shaped, abortive ramuli, linear, lin.-oblong, or spathulate, tapering at base into
a minute petiole, 1-11 inch long, 11-3 lines wide ; obtuse or sub-acute, glabrous,
one-nerved, veinless, coriaceous. Pedicels axillary, shorter than the leaves, minutely
puberulous, as are also the calyx and petals. Calyx 1} lines long. Petals 5—6 lines
long, 2-3 lines broad, purplish. Ovary pubescent. Capsule pink or purple, 14 inches
in diameter, of a thin, membranous substance, much inflated, deeply lobed and
sharply angled.

Orper XXIX. MELIACEZ, Juss.
ms (By W. Sonper.)

(Melix, Juss. Gen. 263. Meliacem, Juss. Mem. Mus. 3. 436. DC.
1. p. 619. Ad. de Juss. Memoire Mus. vol. xix. Endl. Gen. No.
eexxy. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. clxxiii,) “

Flowers perfect, or ahortively unisexual, regular, Calyx short, 4-5-
cleft or cup-shaped, with imbricate zstivation. Petals 4-5, longer than
the calyx, sessile, with valvate or slightly imbricate estivation. Stamens
hypogynous, twice as many as the petals ; flaments united into an entire
or toothed tube ; anthers either on the teeth of the tube, or sessile
within the orifice. A hypogynous, fleshy, cup-like dise surrounds the
ovary. Ovary free, pluri-locular, with axile placenta ; ovules in pairs,
rarely solitary ; style simple, stigma capitate or peltate, obsoletely lobed.
Fruit a berry, capsule or drupe. Seeds with or without albumen, with
a straight embryo and leafy or fleshy cotyledons.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or rarely sub-opposite ; usually pinnate or bi-
pinnate, rarely simple ; the leaflets entire or cut or serrated. Stipules none. Flowers
either panicled, corymbose, racemose or spiked, usually of small size.

This Order is chiefly tropical, a few species only straggling into the warmer parts
_ Of the temperate zone. Most are extremely bitter, astringent and acrid, and are
_ either powerful medicines or poisons. All parts of the common Cape Lilac (Melia

— ac malta are intensely bitter, with strongly purgative qualities ; its extract is, in

useful as a vermifuge ; in larger it is violently poisonous.

_ ANALYSIS OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

‘I, Turrea.—tLearee simple. Petals very long, stra

a Ten — simple. , strap-shaped.

te Trichilia. —Leaves simply pinnate. Fruit a dry, splitting capsule.
ee -Lewn simply pinnate. Fruit , indehiscent.

Melia. | MELIACEZ (Sond.) 245

at the summit, the anthers inserted between the teeth. Ovary sessile,
5-10-20-celled ; ovules in pairs, superposed on axile placentae. Style 1;
stigma thickened. Capsule 5-celled; cells 2-1 seeded, the valves septi-
ferous. Seeds compressed ; cotyledons flat ; radicle superior, nd.
— No. 5519. Juss. Mem. Mus. «vie. p. 217. t.12 f.3. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 620,

Trees or shrubs, found in Tropical Asia, Madagascar and South Africa, Leaves
alternate, petiolate, simple. Flowers on short branchlets, somewhat tufted. Named
in honour of Geo. Turra, an Italian botanist, professor at Padua, died in 1607.

1. T. obtusifolia (Hochst. in Flora, xxvii. 1. p. 296); branches and
branchlets glabrous ; leaves obovate, narrowed into a short petiole, entire
or obtusely 3-lobed, with revolute margins, glabrous on both sides, paler
beneath, the young ones pubescent on the mid-rib ; the amillary, sub-
solitary peduncles and the calyx glabrous ; petals elongate, ligulate, some-
what longer than the staminal tube ; stigma exserted, shortly cylindrical,
T. lobata, E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege, non Lindl.

Has. In woods at Omsamcaba, Drege/ Port Natal, Krauss, Gueinzius, Sanderson! /
Feb.Jul. (Herb. T.C.D., Vind., Sond., Hook.)

A shrub, with a grey or reddish bark. Leaves t- 1? inches long, 4-10 lines wide,
obovate or obversely lanceolate, in some specimens 3-lobed below the point, the ter-
minal lobe largest. Peduncles6—10 lines long. Calyx campanulate, shortly 5-toothed,
i linelong. Petals glabrous, 1-1} inches long. Style slightly longer than the petals ;

stigma 4 Jine long.

ae heterophylla Gm. in Rees Cycl. 36. No, 6); branches glabrous,
branchlets thinly pubescent, leaves short-stalked, ovate, acute or pro-
duced into a short obtuse point, undivided or sub-trilobed, the younger
pubescent above, silky beneath, the full-grown pale beneath, glabrous,
villous on the nerves ; flowers clustered at the ends of the branches,
the peduncles and cal, yces silky tomentose ; petals elongate ligulate, longer
than the staminal tube ; style much “exserted, the stigma dep ie
globose. DC. Prod. 1. p» 620. _ TD. floribunda, Hochst. l.c. p. 297.

Has. In woods, Omtata and Omsamwubo, Drege./ Port Natal, iba Guein-
zius, Sanderson, Ke. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Vind., Sond.)

and acutely 5- toothed viomng,” Sn. hairy,” oC, ce Petals 10-14 lines long.
Style much lo n the Capsule woody, 1o-furrowed and lobed, 4-5
lines long, 5-6 8, 3- -§-celled, loculicidal ; cells 2-seeded, the valves septi-
ferous in the M pends § tines long, incurred, purple, shining.

et 38 MELIA, Linn.

Calyx small, are Petals 5, oblong-linear, spreading, convolute in -

wstivation. Stamens 10, the filaments connate into a tube 20-toothed

nit, the anthers sessile within the throat of the tube. Ovary
is, 5-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell ; style filiform ; stigma
-angled. Drupe ovate, with a s-furrowed and 5-celled, bony
s one-seeded, Endl. Gen. No. 5520. * Prod. 1. p. |

sone 5 ce

246 MELIACEZ (Sond.) [Trichilia.

Trees with bi-pinnate or decompound leaves, natives of the tropics of the Eastern
hemisphere. Flowers paniculate, sweetly scented, lilac-coloured. Name, from peAia,
the Greek name for the Ash.

OPT ree ee : =
Caplin yy 4. M. Azederach (Lin. Sp. p. 550); leaves bipinnate ; leaflets
Renern (oy smooth, incised, subquinate. #.é Z./ En. No. 424. Herb. Un. It.
Nav] oa No. 509.
ml Cultivated in gardens throughout the Colony. “ Cape Lilac,” or Pride of China.

Il. TRICHILIA, Linn.

Calyx short, 4~—5-toothed or cleft. Petals 4—5, oblong, or ovate, sub-
imbricate in estivation, Stamens 8-10, the filaments sometimes sub-
distinct, sometimes united into a tube, antheriferous within, Ovary
2~4-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell. Style short, continuous with the
ovary ; stigma capitate, 2-4-lobed. Capsule 2—4-celled, loculicidally
2-4-valved ; valves septiferous in the middle; cells 1-2-seeded. Seeds
with a fleshy arillus. Endl. Gen. No. 5541. <A. Juss. l.c.p. 235. DC.
Prod. 1. p. 622. ©

Tropical and sub-tropical trees or shrubs, natives chiefly of America, very few
African. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate. Flowers in axillary panicles. Name,
Tpixa, by threes ; the ovary and capsule are usually trilocular.

_— * Staminal tube deeply ten-cleft ; segments hairy within. :

1. T. Dregeana (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege) ; leaves impari-pinnate, leaf-
lets in 2—5 pair, lanceolate-oblong, acute or sub-acuminate, glabrous on
both sides, or strigilose on the nerves beneath ; panicles axillary, short,
divided from the base ; petals tomentose on each side, four times as
long as the obtusely 5-fid calyx ; staminal tube 10-cleft to the middle, the
segments very hairy within, antheriferous at the bifid apices ; capsule
globose, cells 2—-1-seeded f

Var. 8. oblonga; leaflets 2-3 pair, broadly elliptic-oblong, obtuse. T.
Dregeana 8. oblonga, Harv. Thes. Cap. t. 76.

Has. In woods at Port Natal, Drege/ Gueinzius/ Var. B. from the same district,
Mr. Sanderson! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
torbtehed branches thick, with a brownish-grey, rugged bark. Leaves large ;

1 inches wide, shinin:
the leaflets are 2i-3t

y arillus ; cotyledons thick, radicle short, immersed.

_** Staminal tube undivided. (Sp. 2-3).

g » (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege) ; leaves impari-pinnate,

leaflots 3-5 pale "be “eek ine areas ah *
eee Me ovate, very ¢ , mostly somewhat narrowed at the
the branches bracteo petals tomentose at eac] Esviees

as long as the acutel bigs acon Sibilied:

.

Ekebergia.| MELIACE2 (Sond.) 247

antheriferous at summit. kebergia capensis, Hochst. Pl. Krauss. Ek.
Meyeri, Presl, Bot. Bem. p. 25.

Sond. Woods at Sitzekamma and Port Natal, Drege, Krauss, &. (Herb. T.C.D.,
nd,

Branchlets nodose. Leaves crowded at the ends of the branches, a foot or more
in length, including the flattened petioles ; leaflets opposite, 2-3 inches long, 12-15
lines wide, ovate or ovate-oblong, the lower on very short petiolules, the terminal
with ‘a petiolule } inch long. Panicle glabrous, 3-4 inches long, on a compressed
peduncle of the same length or longer ; branches of the panicle 1-11 inches long,
loosely cymose, 7-15-flowered, with a minute, subulate bract under each pedicel,
Flowers 4-5-fid. Calyx shortly campanulate. Petals two lines long, oblong, longer
than the downy staminal tube. Anthers 8-10, oblong, glabrous. Style glabrous,
equalling the staminal tube ; stigma thick, obscurely lobed. This much resembles
Ekebergia capensis from which it differs in the wider, more ovate leaflets, the longer
and more slender panicles, the acutely-toothed calyx, the scarcely-imbricate petals
and longer staminal tube.

3. T. natalensis (Sond. Linn. 23. p. 23); glabrous; leaves impari-
pinnate, 2-4 pair ; leaflets opposite, sessile, lanceolate, acuminate, sub-
Sfalcate, serrate, paler beneath ; racemes crowded at the ends of the
branches, simple, much shorter than the leaves ; flowers short-stalked,
4-petalled, octandrous ; stamens glabrous, connate in a short tube ;
stigma 4-lobed.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius! (Herb. Sond.)

A tree. Leaves crowded at the end of the branches, alternate, petiolate ; the
rachis, including a 1-2-inch petiole, three inches long. Leaflets 2-3 inches long,
6-8 lines wide, the terminal petiolulate, all nearly equal-sided at base, penni-nerved,
venulose. Racemes inch long, lax-flowered, glabrous, the pedicels solitary or in
pairs, one line long, bracteolate. Calyx 4-fid, the lobes acute, one line long, with
valvate wstivation. Petals ovate-oblong, } longer than the calyx, spreading, re-
curved, glabrous. Ovary 2-celled ; style short ; fruit unknown. Perhaps not a
true Trichilia? It resembles Harpephyllum caffrum, Bernh., but the leaves are
serrate and the flowers not dioecious.

IV. EKEBERGIA, Sparm.

Calyx short, 4—5-fid to the middle, lobes obtuse, imbricate in zstiva-
tion. Petals 4-5, scarcely longer than the calyx, elliptical or oblong,
imbricate in sstivation. Stamens 10 (rarely 9), united in a campanulate
10-toothed, short tube; the teeth antheriferous. Ovary 4—5-celled,
surrounded by an annular disc ; ovules in pairs ; style short, thick ;
stigma discoid, obsoletely lobed. Berry dry, globose, 4-5-celled, 5-
seeded, or abortively 1-2-seeded ; seeds exarillate. Embryo exalbu-
minous, with fleshy cotyledons and a superior radicle. Sparm. Act.
Holm. 1779, p. 282. t. 9. Juss. l. c. p. 233. t. 17. Endl. Gen. No. 5538,

A large tree with ashen bark. Leaves impari-pinnate, in 4-5 pair, the leaflets 0
Pte re very entire, oblong, celibate bk each end, peach cy alin 4 with
revolute margins. Flowers in axi panicles. The name is in honour of Charles
Gustavus Ekeberg, Captain of the Swedish East Indiaman in which Sparmann
sailed to China. . oe

1. E. ng Sparm. Le); Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 582. z ees: oe
No. 425. Pappe, Sylv. Cap.p. 6. Trichilia capensis, Pers, Ench. 1. p.
468. Zey. No. 2029. ; : cae

248 AMPELIDEZ (Kunth.) [ Vites.

Has. Primitive woods in George, Uitenhage, Albany, and Caffraria, Thunberg,
E. §& Z./ &e. Aug. (Herb. T.C.D., Lehm., Sond.)

This is the Essenhout or Essenboom of the Colonists. Wood hard and white.
Branches and branchlets nodose after the leaves have fallen, glabrous. Leaves
crowded at the ends of the branches, alternate, petiolate, the petiole, including the
channelled rachis, 4-8 inches long. Leaflets 2~3 inches long, #-1 inch wide, some
smaller, all unequally narrowed at base, paler underneath. Panicles 1-3 inches
long, loose, the common peduncles 1-2 inches long, compressed, smooth ; pedicels
cernuous, 1-2 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, with roundish, obtuse segments. Pe-
tals tomentose at both sides. Berry (when dry) blueish-black, as large as a small
cherry, 1-2 seeded ; seeds oblong, sub-compressed.

OrpeR XXX. AMPELIDEA, Kunth.

(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Vites, Juss. Gen, 267, Viniferee, Juss. Mem. Mus. 3. 444. Ampe-

lide, Kunth, in Humb, Nov. Gen. 5. 223. DC. Prod. :. p.627. Endl.
Gen. No. clxiv. Vitacew, Lindl. Veg. King. No. clx.)

Flowers usually perfect, regular, minute. Calyx small, cup-shaped.
Petals 4—5, separate or connate, concave, with valvate estivation. Sta-
mens as many as the petals and opposite them ; filaments short; an-
thers introrse, 2-celled. Ovary surrounded by a cuplike, fleshy disc,
2-celled (rarely 3—6-celled) ; ovules in pairs or solitary, ascending or
erect. Style simple ; stigma capitate. Berry 2-6-celled, pulpy ; seeds
bony, with much hard albumen, and a small basal embryo.

Shrubs, erect or more commonly trailing, or climbing by tendrils formed from
abortive peduncles. Branches tumid at the nodes, often succulent. Lower leaves
opposite, upper alternate, petiolate, rarely simple, erally palmately compound,
sometimes pedate or pinnate. Peduncles opposite the leaves, simple or branched ;
pedicels umbellulate or cymose.

Natives of tropical and sub-tropical countries of both hemispheres. The grape-
vine ( Vitis vinifera), the type of this Order, now cultivated throughout the warmer
temperate zones, is originally from the Caucasian region, whence it has accom-
panied civilized mankind in all their wanderings. None of the wild vines of South
Africa have esculent fruit. [Zeea crispa, Lin., a reputed Cape species, is here
omitted, as there is no valid evidence to show that it exists within the colony. It
probably was introduced to British gardens from “ Cape Coast,” a locality which
may have been confounded with “ the Cape,”]

_-————Ss ABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.
2 par 3 Vitis.—Petals connate into a hood. Stigma sessile.
a Cissus.— Petals distinct. Style cylindrical, stigma sub-capitate.

— I. VITIS, L.
Calye short, ‘cup-shaped, obsoletel

toate che ee ely 4-5-toothed. Petals 5, cohering
: oan edges into a cap-like (calypiriform) body, separating at_ base,

Pet nae te

Cissus.] AMPELIDE® (Kunth.) 249

1. V. hispida (E. & Z.! 428); leaves deeply cordate at base, with
5 short, deltoid-acuminate, cuspidate lobes, sharply toothed and hispid
on both surfaces ; the middle lobe longest.

Has. In woods. Oliphantshoek, near mouth of Boschesman’s River, Uitenhage,
E.&Z.1 (Herb. Sond. )

This species requires confirmation. I have only seen a fragment, consisting of
three leaves on a broken portion of a branch, without flower or fruit. It resem-
bles V. latifolia, Roxb., but is roughly hairy and more sharply lobed. Perfect spe-
cimens are desired.

II. CISSUS, L.

Calyx cup-shaped, obsoletely 4—5-crenate. Petals 4—5, inserted out-
side a fleshy, hypogynous disc, concave, hooded at the apex, separate,
deciduous, Style cylindrical ; stigma capitate or simple. nd. Gen.
45606. DC. Prod. 1 p. 627.

Climbing, rarely erect, shrubby or half shrubby plants, found throughout the
tropics and warmer temperate zones of both hemispheres. Stems tumid at the
nodes, often fragile, sometimes succulent, leaves simple, or variously compound,
often pellucid dotted. Flowers minute, greenish, in clusters or panicles, opposite
the leaves. Tendrils simple or branched. Name xioaos, the Greek name for the
vine.

Group 1. Srwpiiciroria. Leaves simple, entire or lobed. Stepules
membranaceous, deciduous. (Sp. 1-3).

1. C. tetragona (Harv.); puberulent ; stems succulent, green, sharply
quadrangular, marginate ; leaves petiolate, cordate at base, angularly
sit tells bed. the lobes short, ovate, distantly denticulate, minutely pu-
beralent on both sides ; flowers ?

Has. Near Port Natal, Mr. R. W. Plant. ee y. cult. in Hort. Wilson Saunders ).

Stems herbaceous, ree ented about +5 inch square, green, minutely downy, peg ie
4-angled, with a slightly elevated, febth i Gieuersahcied marginal line on
angles, and a more or less evident rote groove ; the internodes 4-8 inc!
long. Petioles :—-11 inch long, pubescent, the stipules small, ovate, soon Seurine:
Leaves 3-5-nerved at base, carnose, pale green, 2-3 inches long and broad ; the
lower ones 3-lobed, the lateral lobes shallow and blunt, the middle longest and ovate ;
upper leaves somewhat triangular-hastate, with a tendency to be angularly-lobed,
acute or obtuse ; the margin with very minute denticulations, 2-3 lines asunder. _
Flowers not seen. Described from a living plant in the rich collection of W. Wilson _
Saunders, Esq. It is allied to Lares dy and others with similar habit,
but appears to be distinct. ee

2. C. fra s(E. Mey! eet Drregey: labo; stems half-her-
baceous, weak, striate ; leaves on long petioles, angularly cordate acu-
minate, mucronulate, distantly ciliato-denticulate, three-nerved at the’
base, and penni-nerved, thin and membranous ; inflorescence loosely —
panicled, the lateral branches cymoid, fow-flowered - ; pedicels much
longer than the flowers.

ee

Has. In woods on the Omblas Hills, Natal, Drege/ Mar.-Apr. (Herb. Hook., =e se

gee Sond.). oe
A straggling climber. Leaves green, thin, quite glabrous ; the lateral veins ae,
wikgsemiapos Fruit fleshy. ald Ory 2,
in several

3. C. Capensis (Willd. Sp. 1. p. 65 5); young twigs and leaves

4 Sy Se 2D; Sond.). :

250 AMPELIDEZ (Kunth.) [Cissus,

pubescent, older glabrous ; stems terete, striate ; leaves on long peti-
oles, broadly cordato-reniform, very obtusely 5-angled, repando-dentate,
three-nerved at base and penni-nerved, obtuse, coriaceous ; stipules
ovate ; inflorescence thyrsoid, densely tomentose, the peduncles elon-
gate, with several lateral and one terminal swb-capitate cymes ; flowers
woolly. DC. Prod. t. p. 629. Vitis capensis, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 212.
E. & Z. 1 427. ;

Var. 8. Dregeana ; leaves 3-lobed or tri-partite, the segments entire
or repand. Cissus, 7526 Drege! C. Dregeana, Bernh.! Flora, 27. p.
297. C. capensis, 8. integrifolia, H. & Z.!

Has. In mountain ravines. Eastern sideof Table Mountain, and in Uitenhage,
E.& Z.! Drege, &e.

Leaves 2 inches long, and 3 broad, truncate or concave at base, between cordate
and reniform, sinuous and obscurely toothed, or in 8. deeply lobed and cut nearly

to the base. All the young parts and the inflorescence are covered with short, red-
brown, woolly hairs.

Group 2. Exstipunata. Leaves without stipules, rigid, 1-3-5-fo-
liolate ; leaflets entire or bluntly toothed or sinuate. (Sp. 4-11.)

4 ©. unifoliata (Harv.); branches angular, glabrous, or nearly so ;
leaves petiolate, unifoliolate ; leaflet elliptical or ovate-oblong, obtuse
or sub-acute, coriaceous, one-nerved, equal sided, quite entire, mucro-
nulate, the younger leaves and twigs rusty-puberulous ; stipules none ;
cymes shorter than the leaves, few-flowered ; petals 4, deltoid.

Has, Collected by Zeyher. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.).

A much-branched, sub-erect or trailing shrub, densely leafy, the young parts rusty.
The leaves in all the specimens seen are unifoliolate, with an imperfect joint at
the summit of the petioles. In other respects the species is nearly related to C.
Thunbergit. No habitat is given with the specimens, which are marked “ Z. n. N.
n. E. Ampelid, 2. 104. 3.”

5. C. Thunbergii (E. & Z. 430) ; shrubby, much-branched ; branches
reddish-brown, pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ternate (or quinate) ; leaflets
thick and rigid, oblong or obovate, very obtuse, tapering at base, entire,
glabrous above, the younger rusty-pubescent beneath, the lateral pair un-

equal-sided and shorter than the terminal; cymes terminal or lateral,

pedunculate, divaricate, rusty-pubescent ; petals 5-6, glabrous. Rhus di-
gitatum, Thunb., fide E.§ Z.! Cissus ferruginea, E. Mey.! Drege 7524,
7525-

Woods, throughout the eastern districts and Caffraria. (Herb. Hook.,

‘sub-erect or trailing shrub, having all the younger parts, the under-sides
leaves and the inflorescence clothed with foxy hairs. Cirthi simple, oppo-
w it h quinate

aves. Cy it rowelly. shorter than the leaves. Drege’s 7524 is a young

species inate leaves and hirsute petioles.

Seaeaannetiee . ca tnenercemameenne

Cissus. | AMPELIDEZ (Kunth.) 251

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius, 98. (Herb. Sond.).
Too nearly related to C. Thunbergii. The upper leaves are sometimes trifoliolate,
and (. Thunbergii has, occasionally, 5-foliolate leaves.

7. ©. pauciflora (Burch. Cat. 3009) ; shrubby, much-branched ;
branches ash-coloured, pubescent, especially the younger ; leaves on
very short petioles or quite sessile, ternate ; leaflets thick and rigid, ob-
long, obovate or cuneate, obtuse, or 2—3-crenate, minutely appressed-
pubescent, especially beneath, afterwards nearly glabrous, the lateral un-
equal sided and shorter than the terminal ; cymes pedunculate, 3-6-
Jlowered, glabrescent ; petals 5—6 ; berries glabrous, DC. Prod. 1. p, 630.
Drege 7519, 7520, 7521.

Var. «. cirrhiflora ; leaflets very entire. C. cirrhiflora, EH. & Z. ! 432.

Var. 8. tridentata; leaflets repandly 2-3-toothed. C. tridentata, E.
&Z.! 433. :

Has, Woods in Uitenhage and Albany, common. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
A more slender plant than C. Thunbergii, with smaller leafiets and nearly sessile
leaves. The two varieties run into one another.

8. C. dimidiata (E. & Z.! 434); silky and canescent ; stems shrubby,
sub-erect, densely branched ; branches canescent, twigs tomentose ;
leaves sessile, ternate ; leaflets thick and rigid, silky on both sides, the
middle one cuneate, truncate and very obtuse and repand at apex,
the lateral dimidiate, straight along the inner margin, semi-ovate and re-
pando-dentate on the outer ; cymes few-flowered ; petals ?

Has. Rocky ground. Bothasberg, between Grahamstown and the Fisch Rivier,
£. & Z. 1 Bushy dells near Grahamstown, Mr. Bunbury. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.).

Very near C. sericea, and perhaps a mere variety. The leaves are, however,
more uniformly sessile, smaller, and the leaflets of different form, and more con-
stantly, though bluntly toothed.

9. ©. sericea (E. & Z.! 435); silky and canescent ; stems shrubby,
sub-erect, much and densely branched ; branches erect, ash-coloured,
canescent ; leaves shortly petiolate, or sub-sessile, ternate ; leaflets thick
and rigid, silky on both sides, entire or repand, of nearly equal
length, the medial elliptic-oblong, tapering at base, the lateral linear-ob-
long, unequal-sided ; cymes sub-sessile, 3-6-flowered ; petals hairy.

Has. Among shrubs. Winterhoeksberg, Uit. £.@Z.! Herb. Hook., T.C.D.,
Sond.). Deak Meret een en

i srect shrub. It is clothed in every | with minute, close-

This seems to be an erect shrub. in every part oe

pressed, white hairs. In other respects it is nearly intermediate
10. C. cuneifolia (E. & Z.! 431); shrubby, and much-branched ;
branches tuberculate, thinly pubescent ; leaves petiolate, ternate, leaf-
lets rigid, nearly glabrous or pubescent, eroso-dentate or sub-entire,
penni-nerved, the medial bluntly rhomboid or obovate, or truncate, cuneate
at base, the lateral somewhat ovate, unequal-sided, very obtuse and
toothed on the outer margin ; cymes short-stalked, 12-20-flowered, dense, —

with villous branches ; petals glabrous. . incequilatera, E. Mey.f in

Has. Woods. Eastern Districts, Caffraria and Natal, E. & Z./ ! Kraus
132. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) * bes eg ES

252 AMPELIDEZ (Harv.) | [Cissus.

f

Strongly woody, climbing or trailing. Leaves larger and leaflets broader and
more toothed than in the allied species, pale underneath, and in the young leaves
thinly appressed-puberulent, with strongly marked nerves. Cirrhisimple. Medial
leaflets 1-2 inches long, 1 inch broad, often flabelliform. Fruits glabrous. Petals
mostly 5. Drege’s 7522, in Hb. Sond, seems to be a sub-entire leaved variety of
this species. Ta

11. C. rhomboidea (E. Mey.!); young shoots and opening leaves
fulvyo-villous, otherwise nearly glabrous ; leaves petiolate, ternate ;
leaflets petiolulate, netted beneath, the medial rhomboid, cuneate at
base, acute, paucidentate above the middle, with sharp, small teeth, the
lateral obliquely ovate, acute and few-toothed ; cymes few-flowered, on
short hairy peduncles ; tendrils simple. ;

Sore Near Port Natal, Drege! Howison’s Poort, H.Hutton/ (Herb. T.C.D.,
wond.).

‘Alized to C. cuneifolia, but the leaflets are more acute, the medial one acuminate,
and the serratures cilii-form, more than tooth-like. ,

Group 3. Dicrtata. Leaves digitate, soft and membranous, the leaf-
lets sharply serrate. Stipules membranous, deciduous. (Sp. 12-15).

12, C. cirrhosa(Pers. Ench. 1. p. 142); glabrescent or hispid or pilose,
especially on the young parts; stems weak and straggling ; leaves on
longish petioles, quinate or ternate ; leaflets sub-sessile, cuneate at
base, obovate, acute, sharply serrate, thin, penni-nerved, glabrous or
hispidulous on the nerves and veins ; cymes on long peduncles, diva-
ricately much-branched ; style filiform ; berries tomentose. DC. Prod.
1. p. 631. Cissus quinata, Ait., DC. lc. Vitis cirrhosa, Thunb. Ft.
Cap. p. 212. EB. & Z..! 429. Zey.! 2030. Drege! 7518.

Var. 8, glabra; stems, leaves and inflorescence nearly glabrous.
Drege, 7557) :

Has. In woods and by river banks, among bushes. Uitenhage and Albany, fre-

quent. £.g§Z.! &c, (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
A fragile climber, varying much in its pubescence, which is sometimes glandular.

_ Leaflets somewhat succulent, usually 5, but sometimes 3 or 7. Var. 8. is some-

times quite glabrous ; but intermediately pubescent states occur.

Plant, “as a remedy for tooth-ache. The root is
” W. Saund. in litt. a

wv.) 5 pubescent ; stems weak, striate, minutely

a2 pubescent or glandular ; Ieaves on long petioles, quinate, leaflets petio-

u
“s
a

Cissus. | AMPELIDEZ& (Harv.) 253

late, broadly lanceolate, acute or acuminate, serrate, green and glabrous
above, densely tomentose and pale beneath, penni-nerved ; cymes pedun-
culate, diffuse, with patent tomentose branches, style filiform. C. qui-
nata, b., Drege ! . ie
Has. Omsamwubo, Drege! Port Natal, Gueinzius / (Herb. T.C.D , Hook, Sond.)
Allied to C. cirrhosa, but with more distinctly petiolulate, lanceolate leaflets, less

strongly toothed (the teeth shallow and broad, but mucronate) and densely albo-
tomentose underneath.

15? C. Sandersoni (Harv.); the weak succulent stems and the long
petioles tomentose ; leaves 5—7-foliolate ; leaflets sub-sessile, broadly obo-
vato-trapeziform, acute, doubly inciso-serrate, scaberulous on both sides,
thin, penni-nerved, fringed with minute, gland-tipped hairs ; cymes ?

Has. Transvaal, Natal, Mr. Sanderson! (Herb. Hook.) :

Very unlike the other Cape species of this section, and remarkable for its large,
membranous, strongly serrate and minutely glandular leaflets. Perfect specimens
are, however, required to establish the species fully.

Group 5, Pepatm. Leaves pedate ; the lateral segments bi-tri-foliolate.
(Sp. 16.)

16. C. bigemina (Harv.) ; stems slender, herbaceous, striate, glabrous ;
leaves on long petioles, pedate, 5-foliolate, the petiole trifid, the medial
branch unifoliolate, the lateral forked and bearing twin leaflets ; leafiets
all petiolate, ovate or lanceolate, acuminate, coarsely toothed, thin and
sub-glabrous, penni-nerved ; cymes pedunculate, few-flowered, not much
branched, nearly glabrous ; style very short.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius. (Herb. Hook.).

A slender, trailing and climbing plant, differing from all the other known Cape
species by the composition of its leaves, which, though of 5 leaflets, are formed on
a ternate plan ; the two lateral petiolules forking and bearing two leaflets, smaller
and more ovate than the terminal or central one. The nerves and veins are hispidu-
lous, and a few bristles are sprinkled over the leaflets which are otherwise glabrous.

Group 6. Prnnata. Leaves pinnate or bi-pinnate, (Sp. 17).

17. C. orientalis (Lam. ill. t. 81. f. 2.); glabrous ; stems half herba-
ceous, weak, striate ; leaves bi-tri-pinnate, leaflets stalked, ovate, acute,
sharply serrate ; stipules ovate, reflexed ; cymes on long peduncles, di-
tri-chotomous and much-branched, corymbose ; pedicels much longer
than the flowers ; styles filiform. C. glabra, E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Between Omtata and Omsamwubo, 1000-2000f. Drege! Macalisberg,
Buirke and Zeyher! Feb. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

A straggling climber. Leaves very compound, twice or thrice pinnate, the pin-
nules trifoliolate. Leaflets 1 inch long, sharply and deeply serrate ; the teeth mu-
cronate. Cymes very lax, many-flowered, widely ing and panicled. I ven-
ture to refer the S. African specimens to C. orientalis, of which, however, I have
only seen imperfect specimens. If not absolutely indentical, ours is a very closel:
allied plant.

Drege’s Cissi, No. 9814 and 7527, having (in Hb. Sond. !) neither flowers nor
fruit, cannot be satisfactorily determined. s

|
254 GERANIACEE (Harv.) [ Monsonia.

| Orper XXXI. GERANIACEZ, DC.
| (By W. GH. Harvey.)

(Gerania, Juss. Gen, 268. Geraniacee, DC. Prod. 1. p. 637. Endl.
Gen. No. ccliy. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. ¢lxxxvii.)

Flowers perfect, regular or irregular. Sepals 5, persistent, unequal,
imbricate in estivation, Petals 5 (rarely 4-2-1 or none), clawed, with
convolute «stivation, caducous. Stamens monadelphous or polyadel-
phous, hypogynous, twice or thrice as many as the petals, some fre-
quently abortive. Ovary of 5, uniovulate carpels, cohering round an
awl-shaped or beak-like torus, to which the styles adhere; stigmas 5,
filiform. Fruit of 5, membranous, one-seeded carpels, separating at
maturity from the persistent, enlarged torus; seed exalbuminous ;
~ embryo curved and folded, with leafy cotyledons.

Herbaceous plants or shrubs ; sometimes stemless, or with tuberi-form, under-
ground stems. Branches tumid and easily broken at the joints. Leaves opposite
or alternate, simple or variously cut, rarely compound, usually stipulate. Stipules
free or adnate with the petiole. Peduncles opposite the leaves, or in the axils of
dichotomous branches, rarely Higlehowmed, mostly either two-flowered or um-
belled ; the umbel involucrate. Petals showy, white, yellow, blue, red, purple or
8

_ A considerable Order, widely distributed, chiefly in the temperate Zones, perhaps
: three-fourths of the species being South African. The genus Pelargonium is one of
= those most charateristic of the Cape Flora, and a universal favourite with horticul-
Paar turalists, who have wonderfully changed, by high culture and hybridization, the
ss aspect of these flowers. None are poe oe to mankind. They have
astringent properties, especially in the roots; many have remarkably aromatic
leaves, and some yield fragrant resins. The stems of the Sarcocaulons dry up into
masses of resin. me of the tuberous-rooted kinds may be eaten. No poisonous
plants occur in the Order. :

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

6-8 I. Monsonia. Stamens 15, in § parcels of three each,
©-3 If. Sarcocaulon. Stamens 15, monadelphous.

*S ee . Sie IIT. Geranium. Stamens to, monadelphous. Flowers regular.
pn ae IV. Erodium. Stamens 5. Flowers regular. Calyx equal at base.

ae Ae V. Pelargonium. Stamens 7, orfewer. Flowers irregular ; petals 2, or the lower
ee ones absent. Calyx prolonged at base into a tube.

L MONSONIA, Lin. £

* Sepais equal at base, mucronate. Petals spreading equally, longer
mn the calyx. St 15, connate at base, and spreading in 5 sets ;

. 7

rmed of 3 stamens whose filaments cohere for half their

DC. Prod. 1. p.638. Endl. Gen, 6047.

atmo r annual, herbaceous or suffruticose plants, with slender stems. Leaves
ee » sible, sub-entire or toothed, or deeply lobed and cut. Peduncles brac-

agree so ‘middle, one, two, or umbellately several-flowered. Named in ho-

pees 5 aes — ee » & lady of considerable botanical taste and acquirements.

ovate, oblong, or lanceolate, crenate or toothed. (Sp. 1-5.)

Monsonia. | GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 255

1, M. ovata (Cav. Diss. t. 113. f. 1.) ; suffruticose, diffuse ; leaves on
longish petioles, ovate or cordate, obtuse or acute, crenate ; stipules
pungent ; peduncles filiform, bi-bracteate in the middle, one-flowered ;
petals entire. DC. Prod. 1. p. 638. E.&Z.! 439. M. emarginata,
LD Her, Ger, t. 41. E.& Z.!1 440. M. premorsa, EL. Mey. !

Var. biflora; peduncles 2-flowered, 4-bracted. #. & Z. ! 441.

Has. Hill sides, among . Uitenhage and Albany, and in Caffraria, com-
mon. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Root-stock perennial. Stems many, procumbent, hairy and branched. Petioles
longerthanthelamina. The leaves vary from broadly cordate to ovate-oblong. Flowers
an inch broad, streaked. Sepals aristate. M. premorsa, E. Mey. has emarginate
leaves, but is not otherwise different.

2. M. biflora (DC. Prod. 1. p. 638) ; annual, erect, much-branched ;
leaves on short petioles, linear-oblong, obtuse, cuneate at base, crenate ;
stipules pungent ; peduncles short, 2-4 bracteate, generally 2-flowered ;
petals entire. DC. Prod 1.p. 638. M. angustifolia, #. Mey.! Hochst.
Pl, Abyss !

Has. Dry hills of the Eastern and N, Eastern districts; Caffraria and Port
Natal. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A much-branched, hairy annual, with narrower leaves, shorter petioles and pe-
duncles, and smaller flowers than M. ovata. It is found also in Abyssinia.

3. M. Burkeana (Planch! in Hb. Hook) ; perennial, suffruticose at
base, diffuse ; leaves on short petioles, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, rounded
at base, crenate ; stipules pungent ; peduncles short, pluri-bracteate, 4—3-
Jlowered ; petals entire.
cae Macallisberg and Aapjes River, Burke & Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,

m

Very like M. biflora, but evidently with a perennial root ; shorter and more oval
leaves, and more numerous flowers. The pubescence varies greatly. ‘

4, M. attenuata (Harv.) ; perennial ; stems sub-simple, erect ; leaves
on short petioles, Linear-lanceolate, attenuate, sharply serrate ; stipules
setaceous, pungent ; peduncles short, oneflowered ; petals entire.

Has. Mohlamba Range, Natal, 6-so00f. Dr. Sutherland. (Herb. Hook.)

Known by its very narrow and sharply serrate leaves. Leaves 2 inches long, not
caadal wide. Flowers veiny, an inch across, Stems 6-12 inches long, whitish,

us. See ri

5. M. umbellata (Harv.) ; annual, much-branched, diffuse ; leaves
on longish petioles, ovate or cordate, denticulate, plaited ; stipules mem-

branous, lanceolate ; peduncles elongate, umbellately 5-6-flowered, pluri-
bracteate ; sepals with a reflexed mucro ; petals narrow-cuneate, not
much longer than the calyx, emarginate.

Has. Bitterfontein, Burke & Zeyher! (Herb. Hook., Sond., T.C.D.).

A small patently hairy annual, looking like an Erodiwm. Leaves 3 inch long,
on petioles somewhat longer than the lamina. Flowers 4 inch across, much smaller
than in any other species. This resembles small specimens of M. Senegalensis, but
differs by its many-flowered peduncles, &c. |

Leaves lobed or multifid. (Sp. 6-8.)
6. M. lobata (Willd. 3. p. 718); suffruticose, sub-simple; lea =

© Sect. 2, Opontoreraum. Petals coarsely toothed at the summit, —__

256 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [Sareocaulon.

long petioles, cordate at base, sub-rotund or triangular, 5-7-lobed, the
lobes shallow, rounded, crenate or toothed ; peduncles elongate, one-
flowered ; petals coarsely toothed. DC. Prod. 1.p. 638. Bot. Mag. t.
385. Sw. Ger.t.273. H.& Z.! No. 442. M. filia, L.f. Cav. Diss.t.
74. f.2. Ger. anemoides, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 510. :

Has. Near the Berg River, and 24-Rivers, Thunberg! Tulbagh, £.&Z./ Caledon,
Dr. Thom! (Herb. Hook., Benth., Sond.).

Readily known from J. speciosa by its broad, slightly cut leaves. The pubescence
is very variable.

7. M. speciosa (Linn. f. Suppl. p. 342); suffruticose, sub-simple, gla-

brescent or villous ; leaves on very long petioles, 5-parted, the segments

bi-pinnatifid and cut into many linear lobes ; peduncles elongate, brac-
teate in the middle, one-flowered ; petals coarsely toothed. DO. Prod.
1, p. 638. Curt. Bot. Mag. t.73. Cav. Dis. t. 74. f. 1. Su. Ger. t. 77:
LE. & Z.! 444, and M. pilosa, 433! (non Willd.)

Has. In fields. Hott. Holland, the Paarl, Groenekloof, &c. Z. & Z., and others.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Stems tufted, slender. Leaves crowded, the petiole 2-3 times as long as the
lamina, FI. 2 inches broad, greenish and striped on the outside, white, with a red
basal spot within. The pubescence is either scanty or copious, varying extremely in
different specimens. ee ;
8. M. pilosa (Willd. En. 717); suffruticose, sub-simple, hispid and
glandular ; leaves on long petioles, deeply 5-lobed, the lobes inciso-pinna-
tufid and toothed ; peduncles elongate, bracteate, viscoso-pubescent, one-
flowered ; petals coarsely toothed. DC. Prod. 1.p. 638. Sw. Ger.t. 199-

M., filia, Andy. Rep. t. 276, non Lin. f.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg! Forsyth! (Herb. Benth., Holm.).
This is only to be known from M. speciosa by its broader and less divided leaves.
The pubescence varies in both species.

II. SARCOCAULON, DC.

Sepals equal at base, mucronate. Petals spreading equally. Stamens
15, monadelphous at the base; filaments subulate, not cohering in
parcels. DC. Prod. 1. p, 638.

Flowers 13-2 inches broad.
*

); leaves cuneate or obeordate, obtuse or
petals not twice as long as the obtuse, mu-

ew

Geranium.] GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 257

cronulate sepals. Paters. Itin. t. 14. S. Patersoni and S. L’ Heretiert.
EL. & Z.! 436, 437. Mons. macilenta, E. Mey. and M. obcordata, ex parte,
Drege, 7515.

Has. In very dry places. Eastern and N. Eastern districts, Hermanskraal, and
by the Fish River; also near Beaufort, Z.¢ Z./ Mrs. F. W. Barber! Gamke River,
Burke and Zeyher. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Known from S. Burmanni by its entire leaves, and from S. L’ Heretieri by the very
minute point of the elliptical sepals. The flowers are smaller than in either.

3. 8. L’Heretieri (DC. 1.c.); leaves obovate or obcordate, acute or
obtuse, entire, glabrous ; petals not much exceeding the cuspidate, attenuate
sepals. M. spinosa, Her. t. 42. M. obcordata, ex parte, EB. Mey./

Has. Modderfontein, Drege/ (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.).

Best known from S. Patersoni, which is often confounded with it, by the long
points of the sepals. The petals are larger or smaller in different specimens.

III. GERANIUM, L.

Sepals equal at base. Petals spreading equally. Stamens 10, all per-
fect, the alternate longer. Glands at the base of the longer stamens.
DC. Prod. 1. p.639. Endl. Gen, 6046.

Herbaceous plants, rarely suffruticose ; a few shrubby or arborescent. Leaves on
long petioles, opposite or alternate, palmately lobed. Peduncles 1-2-flowered, op-
posite the leaves, or in the forking of the branches. Name -yepavioy, of the Greeks,
from ‘yepayos, a crane; because the capsule with its beak resembles the head of a
crane. The English name is Crane’s-bill.

1, G. incanum (Linn. Sp. p. 957); suflruticose at base, diffuse, slender,
appressedly silky ; leaves digitately 5-7-parted, the segments cut into many
Linear lobes, pubescent on the upper, canescent on the lower surface ;
peduncles 2-flowered ; sepals canescent ; petals entire. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 640. Burm. Ger.t.1. Cav. Diss. t. 82.7.1. EH. & Z.! 445. Thunb.
Cap.p. 511. Zey. 160. Drege, 7510. eke

Has. Cape Flats; hills at the Eastern side of Table Mountain, and elsewhere in
the Western districts, frequent. A variety with red flowers, at Van Staadensberg,
es E & Z,! Mohblamba Range, Natal, Dr. Sutherland/ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,

52
Bases of the decumbent branches woody. All parts are covered wlth short, close-
pressed, silky hairs, but the upper sides of the leaves are green. The sepals are
either aristate, mucronate, or simply acute. The flowers, } inch across, are white
or a purplish-rosy. This is the “ Berg-thee” of the colonists.

2. G. sericeum (Ha .); suffruticose, slender, decumbent ; leaves di-
gitately 5-parted or very deeply divided, the segments cuneate, incised,

both surfaces white, with appressed silky hairs; the long, 2-flowered
peduncle tomentose and canescent ; petals emarginate. Ger. incanum,
EL. Mey! non L.

Has. Wildschutsberg and Compasberg, 5-6000 f., Drege! Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D.,

Hook., Sond.). :
This resembles G. canescens in the shape of its leaves, but is not glandular, and

Sei
m

'

every part of the plant is silvery-white, with copious, appressed silky hairs. Flowers __
red.

*

_ 8. G. canescens (L Her. t. 38); suffruticose at base, slender, diffuse; = or
leaves deeply 3—5-lobed, the lobes cuneate and cut, appressedly pubescent =

Suan “ ag Ww

ae
Sy es

Cav, Diss. t. 97. f. 3. Sw, Cer. ¢
454. Sep sega Se

258 GERANIACE® (Harv.) [Erodium

above, canescent beneath ; the long, 2-flowered peduncle, the calyces and
carpels clothed with gland-tipped hairs ; petals emarginate. DC. Prod.
lc. p.640. G. glandulosum, Lehm.! in E. & Z.! 447. Drege, 7511.

Has. Near Somerset, Hott. Holland, 7.4 Z./ At the Paarl, Rev. Mr. Elliott.
(Herb. T.C.D., Sond.).

Leaves much less deeply divided and with broader lobes than in G. incanum. The
stems, peduncles and petioles are thinly tomentose ; the glandular hairs look like a
small Mucor. Drege’s 7511 is thrice the usual size, but not otherwise different.

4. G. ornithopodum (E. & Z.! 449); suffruticose at base, sub-erect ;
leaves deeply 5-lobed, the lobes cuneate and cut, pubescent on the upper,
villous and pale on the lower side ; branches, petioles and peduncles
densely villous, with long, white, simple (or glandular !) hairs. Drege,
7513! also G. contortum, E. & Z.! 450, and G. flexuosum, E. Mey.

Has. Ceded territory, Z. ¢ Z./ Mountains near Grahamstown, Zeyher/ (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

This is chiefly known from G. canescens by the villous or softly shaggy, patent,
not appressed and silky pubescence. The glandular hairs are, I fear, no constant
mark of either species. A specimen from Port Natal is almost intermediate between
the two. G.contortum, E. & Z.! is scarcely worth distinguishing.

5. G. caffrum (E. & Z.! 448); suffruticose at base, diffuse, slender ;
branches angular ; leaves green on both sides, digitately 3-5-parted, the
segments lanceolate, inciso-pinnatifid, the upper surface sparsely and
minutely appresso-puberulent, ower glaucous and glabrous, except along
the strigilose nerves ; the 2-flowered peduncles, calyces and carpels
mostly glandular and pubescent; petals emarginate. Drege, 7512!
Zeyher, 2038!

Has. Kat River, F & Z./ Zwartkops, Zey./ Zuureberg, Klipplaat River, and near

Rhinosterkopf, Nieuweveld, Drege! Albany, Mrs. F. W. Bi ! (Herb. T.C.D.,
Hook., Sond.).

The least hairy of the Cape species, though far from glabrous. The hairs are very
minute, rigid and close-pressed. Flowers white. The glandular hairs vary in
copiousness, in different specimens.

IV. ERODIUM, LHer.

Sepals equal at base. Petals spreading equally. Stamens 5, perfect,
bearing anthers ; 5 sterile, subulate or obsolete. Glands at the base of
the sterile stamens. Hndl. Gen. No. 6045. DC. Prod. 1. p. 644.

Herbaceous plants, rarely suffruticose, with pinnate-parted, lobed or entire leaves

_ and membranous stipules. Peduncles mostly umbellately many-flowered, rarely one-
_ flowered. Name from epwdu0s, a heron ; because of the long-beaked fruit.
_ Sine Heron's bill,

* Perennial. (Sp. 1-2.)
(L’Her. Ger. t. 5); suffruticose at base, the stems

angular, glabrous ; leaves on very long petioles, scaberulous, the lowest

COnemS, Crenate, the rest digitately-tripartite, with deeply cut or 2-3-parted
ae oo subulate, ciliate; peduncles several-flowered ; petals
ong as the lanceolate, setose sepals, DC. Prod. 1. p. 648.

94 | Bot, Mag. t.261, E.d Z/ No.

Pelargonium. | GERANIACEE (Harv.) Se.

Has. Hott. Holl., near Palmiet River, #. & Z./ Zwarteberg and Caledon’sbad,
Zeyher! Cult, in England, 1787. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

A beautiful little plant, with multifid, much-lobed foliage, and bright crimson (or

flesh-coloured) flowers. The petals are each marked with a dark and light band.
The foliage and general aspect are those of Pelarg. patulum, B.; but the flowers are
very different. Stipules and bracts rigidly ciliate, subulate.

2. E. arduinum (Willd. 3. p. 637); “stemless; leaves cordate, 5-
lobed, crenate, obtuse ; peduncles many-flowered.” DC. Prod. 1. p. 648.

Has. South Africa, Burmann. :

Of this I know nothing. Perhaps a var. of the preceding.

** Annual or biennial.

3. E. maritimum (L’Her.): annual or biennial, diffuse, pubescent ;
leaves on long petioles, cordate, obtuse, pubescent, crenate ; stipules sub-
rotund ; peduncles 1-3-flowered, shorter than the leaves; sepals oval, mu-
cronate, longer than the petals. DC. Prod. 1.p, 648. Thunb. Cap. p. 511.
Cav. Diss. t. 88. f.1. £. Bot. t. 646.

Has. Paardeberg, Thunberg.

Of this I have seen no Cape specimens. Leaves 3 inch long. The whole plant is
much smaller than the following, which resembles it. E. & Z.’s ‘‘£. maritimum,”
No. 452, belongs, according to Ecklon’s original specimens in Herb. Sond., to Pelarg.
chameedryfolium.

4, E. malachoides (Willd. 3. p. 639); annual or biennial, diffuse,
hispidulous ; lower leaves on long petioles, cordate-ovate, obtuse, pubes-
cent, unequally cut or lobed, upper deeply 3-parted and jagged ; stipules
ovate, obtuse ; peduncles elongate, several flowered ; sepals oval, aristate,

so @ualling the petals. DO. Prod. t. p.648. Cav. Diss, t. 91. f. ¥.
' Has. Sands near Greenpoint, W.H.H. (Herb. T.C.D.).

A diffuse or prostrate annual, varying much in size and in the cutting of the leaves.

Branches often 1-2 feet long, hispid. Beak of the fruit 11 inches long. A littoral

ine plant in the South of Europe, the Canary Islands, North Africa, and even in Peru. —

The Cape specimens are very similar to the

A 5. E. moschatum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 631); biennial, procumbent; /eaves
pinnati-partite, segments petiolulate, ovate, obtuse, unequally toothed
and cut, hispidulous ; stipules broadly ovate, filmy ; peduncles elon-
gate, many-flowered, glandularly pubescent ; sepals mucronate, shorter
than the petals. DC. Prod.1.p.647. E.& Z./ 453. Jacq. Vind. t. 55.
|. . Bot, t. go2.
ar cultivation. Introd. from Europe (Herb. T.C.D.).
wing plant, sometimes cut for fodder, and sometimes grown in gardens

y fragrance. The leaves are fern-like, 6-12 inches long, variably pubes-
cent. It is common to Europe, N. Africa, and 8S. America.

Fe ec V. PELARGONIUM. L’Her.
Calyx 5-parted, the uppermost segment produced at base into a slen-

der, nectariferous tube, which is decurrent along the pedicel, and adnate

to it. Petals 5, rarely but 4, or 2, more or less unequal. Filaments 10,
unequal, monadelphous ; 2-7 fertile, the rest without anthers. DC.
Prod. 1. p.649. Endl. Gen. No. 6048. é ee eee

Somes Row

260 GFRANIACEZ (Harv.) [Pelargonium.

A large genus, very variable in habit, and almost exclusively South African.
’ Flowers in umbels, rarely sub-solitary. The generic name is derived from reAapyos,
a stork ; in allusion to the long beak of the fruit. English, ‘‘Stork’s-bill.”

_ For convenience of study the species are grouped, according to what appear to be
their natural affinities, into fifteen sections, depending on several characters, either
of habit or floral structure. I have not found it easy to affix exact definitions to
them, and must, therefore, recommend the following abstract to the careful study
of the student. After he has become acquainted with one or two typical speek of
each section, he will find but little difficulty in associating others with them

SYNOPSIS OF THE SECTIONS.

Sec. 1. Hoarza. Stemless, with tuberous roots. Petals 5 or 4. (Sp.

{ 1-42.)

* Leaves either all entire ; or entire and laciniate agers (Sp. 1-17.)
** Leaves three-lobed or tripartite. (Sp. 18-24.)

¥*® Leaves deeply pinnatifid or pinnati-partite. (Sp. 25-42.)

Sec. 2. Snymouria. Stemless, with tuberous roots. Petals only two.
(Sp. 43-46.)

2 Sec. 3. Ponyactium. Caulescent, with tuberous roots. Leaves ihe,
wha ale. NS

zr ay ee Umbels many-flowered. Petals sub-equal,
a} — vate, entire or fimbriato-lacerate. (Sp. 47-66.)

* Leaves sub-radical. Petals entire. Stipules ovate or cordate. (Sp. 47-53.) ~

** Leaves scattered on.a simple or branched stem. Petals entire. (Sp. 54-60.) “

*** Leaves sub-radical. Petals -aeiea Fe oad subulate, rigid. (Sp. 61-63.) 1
*#** Petals fimbriato-lacerate. (Sp. 6

Sec. 4. Orrp1a. Stem succulent and knobby, Leaves fleshy, pions ao
je

ty {=

¥

or bi-pinnately compound. Petals sub-equal, the upper eared at
Stamens 5. (Sp. 67-72.) .

Sec. 5, Licunarta. Stem either succulent or slender and branching. /
Leaves rarely entire ; mostly much cut or pinnately decompound. Petals
sub-unequal, spathulate, the uppermost tapering at base. Stamens 7. (Sp.
73-92.)

: a p haar
mds st * Stem short, undivided, armed with spine-like (free) — Sp. 7 3-75: E ®
= ** Stem armed with spine-like, persistent petioles. Stipules adnate. (76.) 0
nda sae *** Stem simple or branched. Stipules conspicuous, adnate to the petiole. (77-81.) I
_ . **#* Stem slender, much branched. Stipules minute or obsolete, adnate. (Sp. 82-85.) ©
***%* Stem slender, branching. Stipules free, ovate or subulate, (Sp. 86-89.) 0

u ve See. 6. Jenxinsonia. Shrubby or succulent. Leaves Galizately nerved
he ee or lobed. Two upper petals on long claws, very —_— larger than the p
“eS Tower. ‘Stamens 7. (Sp. 93-95-) ri

= tid . Myramrom, Slender suffruticose or annual. e “Ses
_ tifid or pinnatisect. _ Petals 4 (rarely 5); two upper largest. Oalys-seg-

mgly ribbed and mucronate or taper-pointed.
ge-t0n) ;

Petals orn en ie
102-108. a sae § 2

Pelargonium.] GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 261

Sec. 9. Campyiia. Stem short, sub-simple. Leaves on long petioles,
undivided, entire or toothed. Stipules membranous. Flowers on long
pedicels, Two upper petals broadly obovate, 3 lower narrow. ertile-
stamens 5; two of the sterile ones recurved. (Sp. 109-116.)

Sec, 10. Drpracuya. Much branched, with weak, jointed stems.
Leaves peltate or cordate-lobed, fleshy. Petals obovate. Stamens 7, the .
two upper very short. (Ley-leaved.) (Sp. 117-118.)

Sec. 11. Eumorpna. Slender, suffruticose, or herbaceous. eaves on
long petioles, palmately 5 “onerved reniform, lobed or palmatifid. Petals
unequal, the 2 upper broad. Stamens 7. (Sp. 119-125.)

* Glabrous and glaucous. Flowers pedicellate, (Sp. 119+122.) w
** Pubescent. Flowers sub-sessile. (Sp. 123-125.) 2

“%
{Oo

Sec. 12. Guavcopnytium. Shrubby. Leaves carnose, simple or ter-
nately compound, the lamina articulated to the petiole. Stamens 2 o
(Sp. 126-130.)

Sec. 13. Cicontum. Shrubby, with carnose branches. Leaves either
obovate or cordate-reniform, palmately many-nerved, undivided. Petals
all of one colour, scarlet, pink or white. Stamens 7, 2 upper very short. .

(Sp. 131-134.)
| * See. 14. Corrustna. Caudex short, thick and fleshy ; branches (if
‘fh present) slender and half herbaceous. Leaves reniform or cordate, lobu-
| ae late, on long petioles. Petals sub-equal, two upper broadest. Stamens Oy
4 7. (Sp. 135-141.)

Sec 15. Peiarcium. Much branched shrubs or suffrutices, not steal.
Leaves entire or lobed i Oeve pinnati-partite). Stipules free.

cence frequently panicled, the partial peduncles umbelled. — nye Soe up
petals longer and broader than the lower. Stamens 7. (Sp. 142-165)

* Leaves cordate, or multangular. 45- )
oF ed z anlar. (Sp, 142-148.) ay 1

me,
4

‘and serrated. (Sp. 149-150).
[oeriote at base, 5-7-lobed or pinnatifid, visc.-pubescent. (Sp. 9 Sih

at spears Gp. 156-162.)

—

Sec. 1 HOARRA pa of pesca withtdberous or turnip-shaped a
root-stocks. Leaves annual, fasvicled, all radical. Scapes simple or |
branched, leafless, Flowers umbellate. Petals 5 or rarely 4, unequal. Bogen
Fertile stamens oe 5s 1g, or short. Hoarea and Dimacria, Sw.

7 ongatiateank (ao I fo Bee t's 187 eiven scaigallorbin
lacinate ovate, oblong, or ear = ——_ to the ae

262 GERANIACEH (Harv.) [ Pelargoniui ’

acute or sub-obtuse, with immersed veins, glabrescent, softly pubescent,
or puberulous, often ciliated ; stipules linear-subulate, acuminate, pubes- =
cent; scapes branching, pubescent or villous, with villous bracts amd
pluri-flowered umbels ; calyx glanduloso-pubescent and thinly villous, the —
segments lanceolate, acute, gland-tipped, with very narrow, membranous
margins. DC. Prod. 1. p.649. Cav. Diss. t. 102.f.1. P. lancecefolum,

Sw. Ger. t. 387, and P. auriculatum, Sw. t. 395.

die Vict _ VAR. a. virgineum; leaves mostly entire; flowers flesh-coloured, or

wes ee white and veiny, upper petals obovato-spathulate. P. virgineum, Pers.

YMOS DO.le. P. undulatum, Andr. Rep. t. 317. Hoarew, Sp. E. & Z.! No.
462, 463, 464, 469, 470. Drege, No. 9519, 7494.

Var. 8. longiflorum; leaves mostly entire; flowers primrose-colour,
with dark lines or spots ; petals very long and narrow-linear, P. longt-
Jlorum, Jacq. Ic. t. 521. P.depressum, Jacq. Ic. t. 520. Sw. Ger. t. 290-
Hoaree, E. § Z.! No. 466, 472. P. otites, H. Mey.!

Var. y. laciniatum; leaves entire and inciso-pinnatifid ; flowers flesh-
coloured or white, with dark lines or spots ; upper petals obovato-spa-
thulate. P. laciniatum, Pers. DOC.l.c. Andr. Rep. t. 131, t. 204.
auriculatum, Willd., DC. l.c. p. 651. Sw. Ger. t. 395. P. ciliatum, Jacq.
oH t. 519. Hoarew, E. § Z.! No. 473, 474, 478. P. purpurascens, Pers.!

ace

Var.? 4, ciliatum ; leaves ovate or ovato-lanceolate, acute or obtuse,
not tapering at base, rigidly ciliolate, glabrous or pubescent. P. cilvatum, .
DL’ Her. Ger.t.7. DO.l.c.p.650. P. auriculatum, EB. Mey.! Herb. Drege. _

H. erythrophylla, E. & Z.! 457. Hoarew, Zey.! 175, 2043.
Has. Dry clayey or sandy ground, chiefly in the western districts, common.
(Herb. 'T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) : : :
Very variable in the shape of the leaves, and the amount of the pubescence, which
is always soft and silky ; sometimes the leaves are quite glabrous. Var. 5. may
perhaps be a species. The other synonyms quoted appear to me undistinguishable.

2, P. Meyeri (Harv.); leaves on rigidly ciliate petioles, ovate, obtuse,
coriaceous, glabrous or nearly so, entire ; stipules adnate, lin.-subulate,
ciliate ; scapes branched, pluri-flowered, with subulate, setulose bracts ;
calyx sub-sessile, the glandularly pubescent tube not twice as long as
the lanceolate, strigulose segments ; petals obovate. P. ficaria, E. Mey.!

in Hb, Drege, non Willd. P. ovalifolium, E. & Z.! 461, non Sw., also _
— -Hoaree, E.& Z.! 459, 460.
_. Has. Between Eikenboom and Riebe! C:
terg and near Constantia, E, $ Z.! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

3, L’Her.) which is said to be ent from the

b.? Cap. p. 514, non
», acute |

LHer.); leaves on

glabrous,

, ——

=

Pelargonium.) GERANIACEE (Harv.)_ 263

I | the tube longer than the lanceolate, pale-edged segments. DC.?-Prod.
a 1, p. 680. EL. & Z.! No. 465.
hae Sandy fields at Zwartland, Thunberg. Steenberg, Cape, F. dé Z./ (Herb.

Described from a single leaf, and a scape in Herb. Ecklon. It seems to agree, ex-
cept in the form of the leaf, which Thunberg calls ‘‘ elliptical,” with Thunberg’s de-
scription, and differs from ts longifoliwm chiefly in pubescence. The hairs, wherever

they occur, are rigid, very long and spreading. Zeyher’s 172, from the Berg River
, Cie Hook., Sond. ), though not quite the same, is nearer to this than to anything
€

4, P. ensatum (Thunb.? Cap. p. 515); leaves on long, hairy petioles,

hispid on both sides ; stipules adnate, subulate, hispid ; scapes pubes-
cent, branched, the partial umbels many-flowered, with subulate, shaggy
bracts ; calyx sub-sessile, the tube pubescent, thrice as long as the linear,
obtuse, albo-marginate segments. DC. Prod, 1. p. 680. E.& Z.! No. 467.
Drege, 7495:

F Has. Mountain sides in the Langekloof, Eg Z./ Piquetberg, Drege! (Herb.
Sond.)

5. P. crinitum (Harv.); leaves on long, setose petioles, oval-oblong,
sub-entire, densely and rigidly hairy on both surfaces; stipules subulate;
scapes elongate, branched, patently hispid, the umbels few (4-6) flowered,
with subulate, pilose bracts ; calyx tube hispidulous, 3-4 times as long
as the lanceolate, acute, membrane-edged, hispid sepals ; stamens 5,
elongate, declined ; : petals broadly ovate. Pelarg. Drege, 1290.

Has. Dutoitskloof, 1-2000 f., Drege! (Herb. Hook., Benth., Sond.).

This has almost exactly the inflorescence of the following species, but the leaves

are excessively hirsute on both surfaces, more so than in any other, except perhaps
some forms of P. hirsutum, a species with very dissimilar flowers and sepals.

6. P. oblongatum (E. Mey.! in Herb, Drege); leaves (not perfectly
known) on long, prcbng petioles, ir eg —_ glabrous, sub-
ciliate (?); scapes patently hispid, branched ; wmbels 4-8-flowered, with
ovato-lanceolate, setose bracts; calyx tubes sparsely hispid, 3-4 times
as long as the lanceolate, acute, membranous edged, hispidulous segments ;
stamens 5, very long, declinate ; petals broadly obovate.

: Hit, iat i en ,» 33-4000 f., Drege!
(Herb. T.C.D., revere

On all the an gone leav which probabl iggy, ap mealies
far decayed that it is no sag ats et = escription ma
he ree 0 _* pyercempentuaacag ay ka yin mpee. tigen

renutksey long. comet = stamens, and cream-coloured petals, the upper
ones with purple veins. Tt seems to be related to P. rg mal

7. P. ochroleucum (Harv.); leaves on hispid petioles, oblong, obtuse,
entizg of ppulate or repand, broad at base, glabrous on the upper sur-

: long as ‘the Meads villoso-canescent, as are also the o ng, mucrona
white-e zed segments ; petals scarcely wice as along ae, Ahp cal ‘lo

obovato-spathulate, sub-acute, much attenuated at base, membranous, —

‘pubescent beneath ; stipules subulate, scarious; ; a.
nched, patently hispid ; umbels densely many a

a

eG A EE ae! 9 TY eT eS ee

264 | GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [| Pelargonium.

narrow-obovate. P. reflerum, HE. Mey.! non Pers. H. theiantha, E. &
Z.! 490, ex parte. 7

Has. Near the Great Fish River, Drege/ Karroo, near Gauritz River, Z. & Z./
Kamanassie Hills, George, Dr. Alexander Prior! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

I cannot find any description or figure agreeing with this plant, which seems dis-
tinctly characterized by its oblong, slightly carnose leaves, hispid scapes and very
densely crowded, short flowers. ‘The petals also are of a colour unusual in this sec-
tion ; the two upper being greenish yellow, the lower white. E. & Z’s H. theiantha
is a fictitious species, founded on the scape and root of this plant, combined with a
leaf Dei some Composite, probably of a Sphenogyne/ as appears by Ecklon’s specimen
in Herb. Sond.

8. P. moniliforme (E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege); root moniliform; leaves
on pilose petioles, oblong or ovate, obtuse, tapering at base, crenato-lobu-
late, pubescent or villous ; stipules subulate ; scapes elongate, quite simple,
patently pilose ; bracts densely barbate, umbels many-flowered ; calyx
tube patently hispid, 5-6 times as long as the linear, obtuse, white-edged,
bearded segments. Zey. No. 2067.

Has. Silverfontein, Namaqualand, 2-3000 f., Dreges Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D.
Hook., Sond.)

Root a string of several roundish tubers, connected by a slender cord. Leav
several, thin and membranous, spreading. Scapes 12-18 inches high, quite simple.
Umbel 12-20-flowered. Flowers white, the upper petals with purple blotches. The
calyx-lobes resemble those of P. hirsutum, but the tube is_much longer, and the
leaves and scapes very different.

[Simple leaved Hoarew, unknown to me. (Sp. 9-17.)]

9. P. punctatum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 645); leaves broadly ovate, repand,
glabrous, on softly puberulous petioles ; stipules subulate ; scapes
branching, the partial umbels very densely many-flowered ; flowers sub-
sessile, the calyx tube thrice as long as the segments; upper petals
linear-spathulate (pale yellow), spotted, the three lower linear, shorter ;
fertile stamens two. DC. Prod. 1. p.650. Andr. Rep. t. 60.

Has. Introduced to England from the Cape, 1794.

10. P. radicatum (Vent. Malm. t. 65); leaves oblongo-lanceolate or
sub-elliptical acute, very entire, nearly glabrous, ciliated, on ciliate
petioles ; stipules adnate, subulate ; umbel simple, many-flowered ;
pedicels much shorter than the softly pubescent calyx tube, which is

four times as long as the lanceolate segments; petals spathulate, retuse
_ (pale yellow); stamens five. DO.l.c.p.650. Sw.Ger.t.174. Ger. cili-
_ atum, Andr, Rep. t. 247.
_ Han. Introduced to England from the Cape, about 1802.

1 (Andr. Rep. t. 152); leaves broadly lanceolate,
rous, sub-ciliate ; scapes puberulous, branched,
rere _ linear-spathulate, (pale yellow) re-
five. DOC. l.c.p.650. <Andr. Rep. t. 282,

Pelargonium.] GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 265

entire, fleshy
t.2. Cav. Diss. t. 97. f. 1.

13. P. chelidonium (Houtt. fl. syst. 8. t. 61.f. 1); leaves sub-rotund,
ee at base, acute, very entire, pubescent ; umbel compound.” DC.
«0,

y, glabrous ; umbel compound.” DOQ..c. Burm. Ger. 71.

14. P. velutinum (L’Her.); “stemless? leaves deeply cordate, very
obtuse, undivided, crenato-subsinuate, canescent and tomentose on the
lower surface ; umbel compound.” DC.l.c. Burch. Cat. 2828.

“ Petals, when dry, linear, sub-undulate, very dark-coloured.” (quere,
is this the same as P. Sibthorpiafolium, Harv.?)

15. P. bifolium (Willd. 3. p. 645); “leaves two only, cordate, sub-
acute, sharply toothed; umbel simple.” DC. l.c. Burm. Afr. t. 35.
Ff. 3. Cav. Dies, t. 115. fF: 3.

16. P. revolutum (Pers. Ench 2. p. 226) ; leaves cordate, obtuse,
nerved, entire, often auriculate at base ; scapes branching, pubescent ;
bracts lanceolate, revolute; umbels several flowered ; calyx tube about
twice as long as the lanceolate sepals ; petals linear-spathulate (rose-red).
Andr. Rep, t. 354.

Has. Introduced to England, 1800, Niven.

17. P, Grenvilles (Andr. Ger. cum ic.) ; stemless; leaves spathulate-
ovate or obovate, coarsely crenate, villous ; scapes very long, simple or
branched ; umbels many-flowered, with subulate bracts ; calyx tube
thrice as long as the lanceolate segments ; upper petals obovate, emar-
ginate, clawed, much longer than the lower; fertfle stamens four, decli-
nate, Grenvillea conspicua, Sw. Ger.t.262.f. 2.

** Leaves deeply 3-lobed, or 3-parted ; or simpleland tripartite on the same root.
(Sp. 18-24.) i eee > “tat

late, scarious. Uppermost stamen very short, the two lowermost much
the intermediate pair, as in Dimacria, Sw.

266 GERANIACE (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

19. P. oxalidifolium (Pers. Ench. 2. p.227); leaves on longish, rigidly
setose petioles, tri-foliolate, the leaflets petiolulate, broadly ovate or sub-
rotund, obtuse, ciliate, and sprinkled with rigid hairs ; scapes puberu-
lous and laxly setose, branched ; umbels plurifloweredwith lanceolate
bracts ; calyx pubescent and sparsely setose, the lobes broadly lanceolate,
acuminate, half as long as the obovate, long-clawed petals. DC. Prod.
1. p. 651.2 <Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 300 4 “

Has. Cape, Masson’ Thom/ Between Breede River and Bokkeveld, Drege!

Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

I describe from Drege’s specimens, doubtfully referred to the authorities cited.
Andrews represents the umbels as densely many-flowered and the petals narrow and
sulphur yellow, with dark spots on the upper ones. In Drege’s the petals are broader,
more obovate, rosy-purple and veiny. A specimen in Herb. Banks, (23) marked
oy auritum, and another in Herb. Holm., marked “ P. proliferwm var.,” belong to

20. P. triphyllum (Jacq.! Ic. Rar. t. 515); leaves on long, puberulent

petioles, tripartite, nearly glabrous, the segments obovate, obtuse, crenate ;
scapes and calyces pubescent; calyx-lobes lanceolate, reflexed, albo-
marginate ; petals cuneate. DC. Prod. 1. p. 65r.

- Haz. Formerly cultivated in Hort. Schoenb. (Herb. Vind.)

Wan this I have only seen a garden specimen, preserved in the Imperial Herbarium,
ienna.

21. P. nervifolium (Jacq.! Ic. Rar. t. 5:7); leaves on long, sparsely
setulose petioles, tripartite, rigidly ciliate, glabrous, the segments ellip-
tical or ovate, 5-7-nerved, glaucous ; scapes branched, hispid, with pluri-
flowered umbels ; calyx tube hispid, 4 times as long as the lanceolate,
oe albo-marginate segments ; petals cuneate. DC. Prod. 1. p.

51.
Has. Formerly cultivated at Vienna. (Herb. Vind.)

Only known from Jacquin’s figure and a garden specimen in the Vienna Herb.

Its flowers resemble those of P. oblongatum, K. Mey.

22. P. reflexum (Pers. Ench. 2 p. 227); leaves on strigose petioles,
pinnately-tripartite, the middle lobe petiolate, deeply 3-fid, the lateral sessile
unequally bilobed, the lobules obovate, obtuse, strigoso-ciliate ; scapes
branching, setulose; umbel few-flowered ; calyx puberulous and setu-

lose, with lanceolate, acute, gland-tipped segments, half as long as the —

spathulate petals. DC.l.c. Andr. Rep. t. 224. H. bijuga, B. & Z.!

_ _Mas. Near Tulbagh, Z.4Z./ (Herb. Sond.)
___ ‘The solitary specimen I have seen looks so like the figure quoted that I venture to
_-tefer it as above, In Andrews’ plant, however, the petals are white, with dark

. attenuatum (Harv); leaves on very long, strigose petioles,

__ lobes long and narrow ; stipules adnate, subulate ; branched, calyx
e tube tomentose, 3-4 times as long as the lanceolate,
nate segments ; petals linear, elongate, the upper

linear, pinnatifid, the ultimate —

Pelargonium. | GERANIACE® (Harv.) 267

Known by, its leaves and especially by the taper-pointed, almost awned calyx seg-
ments, and the very long, narrow petals, which are thriceas long as the calyx lobes.
Flowers white. Umbels pluvidowered with subulate bracts.

[Triphylious Hoarese unknown to me.]

24. P. trifidum (Willd.); “ leaves tripartite, the segments linear-cu-
neiform, three-toothed at the summit ; umbel simple.” Burm. Afr. t.
35. f. 2. Ger. trifidum, Cav. Diss. t. 11 5. f. 1. Flowers blood-red.

*** Leaves either pinnatifid, or pinnately parted, or pinnatisect ; or with simple and
pinnatifid leaves on the same root. (Sp. 25-42).

25. P. barbatum (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 513); leaves petiolate, decom-
pound-pinnatifid, the lacinie laxly set, erecto-patent, narrow-linear 3-4-
fid or pinnatifid, the margins often inflexed, and the apices tipped
with 3-4 bristles ; scapes branching ; calyx tomentose-villous, the seg-
ments lanceolate-acute, with a narrow margin, and apical, bearded gland.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 652., non E. & Z.! G. proliferum, Cav. Diss, t. 120. f. 3.
“H. barbata, Sw. Ger. t.391? E.& Z.! No. 475, 476,479. Zey. No.
168, 2041, 2344. P. laciniatum, setosum, and limbatum, of Drege’s
plants.

Has. Rocky and sandy ground, in the Western Districts about Capetown, &c.
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)
}_ I fear this is only a var. of P. longifolium, with constantly multipartite leaves.
There is no difference in the flower, and the pubescence can scarcely be depended on.
The present is sometimes nearly glabrous, sometimes densely pubescent. Some of
Drege’s specimens, marked “ fecketums? belong to our plant, others to what ap-
pear a different species. P. penneformis, E. & Z.! 477 (Herb. Sond.) is much larger,
with broader and flatter leaf-segments, and white, or cream- -coloured flowers, want-
ing the dark spot ; it may be a distinct species.

26. P. hirsutum (Ait. Hort. Se 2, p 417 ; 5 le leaves petiolate, poly-
morphous (simple, pinnatifid, b i-pinnatifid or almost pinnati-partite),
rigidly setose on both sides ; scapes branching, pubescent or villous ;
umbels many-flowered, with bearded _ bracts he at.
and sparsely villous, the tube about twice as as t
obtuse, broadly white-edged segments. DC. Prod. 1. p. a
lananthum, P. onionmsand Fs a ee 053+ Gen

Vin Be carneum ; ryendebesh, waisly te white: E. § Z.! No. 468,
482, 483, 484, 485, 494% Drege, No. 7490, &., 7491, 7493.

ly t
Suacine

Has. Stony Hills and dry ground, throughout the Colony, frequent. Herb.

T. o D., Hook., Sond.

)
ery inconstant in the shape of the leaves and adhe the petals, but all the

forms agree pubescence of the leaves, the barbate bracts, and
the linear, tbo nomarginal sq Leib 740, 6, (lib. Benth.) belongs, perhaps,
to P. heterophyllum. &

27. ey cam)

t.2

ra 480) ; leaves petiolate, pol mu rphous

268 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [Pelargonium

(ovate and entire, deeply inciso pinnatifid, or lobed), obtuse at base,

nearly glabrous on the upper, pilose on the lower side, ciliated ; stipules

pilose ; scapes short, simple or branched, pubescent and villous; bracts

broadly lanceolate, silky ; calyx softly pubescent, the sepals lanceolate,

acuminate-mucronate, albo-marginate.

nn Grassy fields, near the Zwartekop’s River, Uit. Z. ¢ Z.! (Herb, Sond.,
ntp.

A anal species. Leaves on short petioles, 1-11 inches long, } inch broad, mostly
lobed, or pinnatifid, sometimes entire ; varying in amount of pubescence. Flower
stalks 3-4 inches high ; umbels 8-10-flowered, Allied to P. hirsutwm, but with
acuminate petals and not so rigidly hispid.

28. P. roseum (Ait. Kew. Ed. 2. vol. 4, p. 161); leaves on long, pu-
bescent petioles, sinuato-pinnatifid, obtuse, tomentose, the segments bluntly
toothed ; scape long, simple ; umbel densely many-flowered, the bracts
subulate, bearded ; calyx tube tomentose, 3-5 times as long as the lan-
ceolate segments ; upper petals emarginate, much longer than the lower.
DC. Prod. t.p.651. Andr. Rep. t. 173. Sw. Ger. t, 262.

Has. Cult. in England, 1794, Masson, Forsyth! Oliphant’s River, Niven. (Herb.
Holm., Benth.)

My description is chiefly drawn from Sweet and Andrews, compared with a spe-
cimen from Forsyth (Hb. Benth.), and another in Hb. Holm. This fine, but little
known species, is now lost in English gardens. The flowers are very numerous, and
bright rosy-red.

29. P. pilosum (Pers, Ench. 2. p. 227) ; leaves on long, hispid petioles,
pinnate-partite, pinne in 3-4 pair, sub-alternate, deeply bi-trifid or many-
lobed, softly hairy, the lobes obtuse ; scapes branching, pilose ; umbel
4-5-flowered, with subulate, setose bracts ; calyx tubes 6-8 times as
long as the bracts, laxly setulose, as are also the broadly-lanceolate,
gland-tipped segments, petals narrow. DC. Prod. 1. p. 652. Andr.
Bot. Rep. t. 259.

Has. In the Stormsvalley, R. Sonderende, Zeyher! No. 2046. (Herb. Hook.,

Sond.).

Seemingly a good species. The leaves are thin and membranous, and very softly
hairy, with long, slender hairs. The petals in our specimens seem to have been
white, with purple streaks. Andrews figures them a lake-red.

- 80, P. astragalifolium (Pers. Ench, 2. p. 227); stemless or nearly
so ; leaves on long, setose petioles, pinnati-partite, pinne in many pairs,
lanceolate-oblong sub-acute, simple or bi-trifoliolate, hirsute on both sides ;
stipules subulate; scapes pubescent and villous, branching ; umbels

_ many-flowered, with villous bracts ; calyx silky, the segments lanceo-

Tate, acute, gland-tipped, narrow-margined. DC. Prod. 1. p. 653. Sw.
Ger. t. 103. Cav, Diss t. 104. f 2. P. foliolosum, DC. P. pinnatum,
Gg ee ,
a Minor ; smaller ; leaflets somewhat oval and mostly simple.
Sw, Ger. t. 103. Zey, 1 2045. H. pinnata, E. & Z.! 492, non DC.
Var. 8. foliolosum ; taller; leaflets numerous, more oblong and
Sequently ees Andr, Rep. t. 311. P. foliolosum, E. § Z.! 496.
ex parte, Drege! 7499. Zey.! 167, 2044. H. lessertiefolia, E. dé Z.! 495:
_ Var. 7. tri. am; small; leaflets numerous, narrow-oblong,
partite, Hoarea trifoliata E. & Z.! 493.

ni pap

Pelargonium.]} GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 269

Has. Rocky and dry situations. About Capetown and Wynberg, and in Cale-
don and Worcester Districts. y. near the Waterfall, Z. & Z./ (Herb. T.C.D,
Hook., Sond.) :

Very near P. pinnatum, but a stronger plant, with thicker and more opaque
leaves, more setose pubescence and narrower and sharper leaflets, disposed to become
compound. The petals vary in breadth and colour in different specimens, and afford
no valid characters.

31. P. pinnatum (Linn.); stemless ; leaves on long villous petioles,
pinnati-partite, pinnee few or many, ovate or sub-rotund, sub-acute or
obtuse, thin, alternate or sub-opposite, silky on both sides ; scapes pu-
bescent and villous, branching; umbels pluri-flowered, with villous
bracts ; calyx silky, the segments lanceolate, acute, gland-tipped, with
a narrow margin. Sw. Ger. t. 46. Cav. Ic. t. 115. f. H. astragalifolia,
E.& Z.! 497, and No. 498. Drege, 7500, 7501. P. vicicefolium, DC.
Prod. 1. p. 653. LP. coronillefolium, Andr. Rep. t. 305. DC. l. ¢.

Has. Near Capetown and Constantia, Z.¢Z., W.H.H. Nieuwekloof, Drege/
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Nearly allied to P. astragalefolium, but with thinner, broader and more obtuse
leaflets and a more silky pubescence. Flowers white or flesh coloured, either veiny
or with a dark spot on each upper petal. The citation of Eck. & Zey. and of Drege’s
collections must be cautiously followed, as their tickets, for both species, are mis-
placed in some herbaria.

32. P. carneum (Jacq. ! Ic. t. 512); leaves on long, setulose petioles,
bipinnately divided, segments linear, obtuse, setulose ; scapes simple,
pluri-flowered ; bracts lanceolate; calyx setulose, the tube 3-4 times
as long as the lanceolate segments; petals spreading, the upper obovate.
DC. Prod. 1. p.654.

Has. Formerly cult. in Hort. Schoenb. (Herb. Vind. !).
Petals rosy white, with red veins. DC. quotes “ Cav. Dis. t. 120. f. 1,” but that
figure ill accords with Jacquin’s specimen, which has much larger flowers. :

33. P. rapaceum (Jacq. Ic. rar. t. 510); leaves on long, hairy petioles,
erect, linear (in outline) 4i-pinnati-partite, pinnz numerous, closely set,
short, softly hairy, multifid, the segments linear or narrow-cuneate, more
or less cut ; stipules subulate, attenuate ; scapes simple or branched,
villous, the umbels densely many-flowered and bracts bearded ; calyx
pubescent, with lanceolate, acute, albomarginate, hair-pointed segments ;
two upper petals narrow, refleced, 3 lower broader, oblong, connivent,
straight. DC. Prod. 1. p. 651., also P. nutans, and P. corydalifolium,
DC. 1. ¢. a ge

Var. a. selinum; flowers rosy-white or flesh-coloured, the upper.
petals mottled at base. G. selinum, Andr. Rep. t. 239. ‘

Var. 8. luteum ; fl. pale sulphur yellow, the upper petals with a dark
spot. H, carinata, Sw. Ger, t. 135. Bot. Mag. t. 1877. E. & Z. ! No. 502,
also 500, 501. Zey./ 166.

Var. 7. ifolium ; fl. primrose-yellow, the upper petals red
at base ; pinne lacero-pinnatifid. H. corydalifolia, Sw. Ger. t. 18.

Has. On dry, stony, mountain sides, in the Cape, Stellenbosch, and Swellendam

districts. Frequent near Capetown. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.),

This species is readily known by the connivent lower petals, which, with there;

270 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

flexed upper petals, give the flower somewhat the look of a papilionaceous corolla.
It chiefly varies in the degree of incision of the short, scarcely inch long, pinne,
and in the colours of the petals. P. fissifolium, E. Mey.! non Pers., belongs to our
var. Y.

34. P. appendiculatum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 651); nearly stemless ;
leaves on long, villous petioles, densely silky and villous, bi-pinnati-
partite, the pinnz cut into many narrow-linear, obtuse lobes ; stzpules
broadly ovate, or ear-shaped, rigid, patent, adnate and decurrent along the
petiole ; scapes branched near the base, pilose ; umbels many-flowered,
with densely hairy bracts; calyx tube 8-10 times as long as the hispid,
linear, obtuse sepals. DC. Prod. 1. p. 662. Cav. Diss, t. 121. f. 2,
Thunb. ! Fl. Cap. p. 529. £.§ Z.! 503.

At Clayey soil, in the Langvalley, Worcester, #. & Z./ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,
pete Be
The ear-shaped, broad and rigid stipules, and the silky, decompound leaves distin-

guish this plant from all allied species. P. pulchellum has somewhat similar stipules,
but very different leaves,

[Pinnate or pinnatifid-leaved Hoarese unknown to me. (Sp. 35-42-)]

35. P. fissifolium (Pers. ench. 2. p. 227); leaves pinnatisect, the
segments bi-trifid and cut, naked ; umbel simple, several-flowered ;
petals obtuse, all with deep red, oblong spots. DC. 1. ¢. p. 652. Andr.
Rep. t. 378. . ;

Has. Introduced to England, 1795.

36. P. setosum (Sw. Ger. t. 38) ; leaves pinnatisect, pubescent, pinne
sub-opposite, bi-partite, the segments cuneate, 3-5-toothed, the teeth
setose at the summit ; scapes branched, the umbels several-flowered ;
calyx tube sub-sessile, twice as long as the limb ; upper petals reflexed,
lower sub-connivent. DC. 1. ¢. p. 652.

Has. Cult. in England, 1821.

37. P. bubonifolium (Pers. Ench. 2. p. 227); leaves glabrous, pin-
natisect, segments few and distant, inciso-lobate, acute ; scapes simple,
about 5-flowered; petals linear-spathulate, emarginate, white, the two
upper red-spotted at base. DC. l.c.p. 652. <Andr. Rep. t. 328.

Has. Introduced to England, 1800, Niven.

88. P. violefiorum (Sw. Ger. t. 123); sub-caulescent ; leaves tri-
__ partite or pinnatisect, the segments oblongo-lanceolate, glabrous, very
_ entire, ciliated, acuminate and tipped with a few rigid bristles, the
lower deeply bifid; petioles hispid ; scapes branched, the partial um-

dels veral-flowered ; petals (white) reflexed, the lower much the short-
: ens 5- DC. l.c. p. 652. ;
= roduced to England, 1822, Colvill,

39. P. floribundum (Ait. Kew Ed. 2, vol. 63); 1 inna-
Pats mdum (Ait. j : 4. p. 163); leaves pinna
pice ee in Cathe bee ; ieee: Fe kad, the umbels
several-flowered ; petals spathulate, whi vi ts,
DO. 1b. 0-9. Chae” tae ey pela te, all with red streaks or spo

Pelargoniwm.] —-« GERANIACE® (Harv.) 271

40. P. penniforme (Pers. Ench. 2. p. 227) ; leaves pinnati-partite,
segments lanceolate-linear, acute ; scapes branched, the umbels several-
flowered ; petals yellow, red-blotched at base, narrow-cuneate, DO. J.
c. p. 652. Ger. laciniatum, var. bicolor, Andr. Rep. t. 269.

Has. Intoduced 1800, Possibly a var. of P. longifolium ?

41. P. centauroides (L’Her.) ; stemless ; leaves hairy, pinnati-par-
tite ; the segments remote, cut or entire ; umbel simple, densely many-
flowered. DC. 1. c. p. 652.

42. P. incrassatum (Bot. Mag. t. 761) ; leaves glabrous, deeply pin-
natifid or pinnati-partite, somewhat fleshy, segments lobed, obtuse ;
scape pubescent, simple or branched, umbels several-flowered ; calyx
tube 3-4 times as long as the segments ; upper petals obcordate, lower
spathulate. DC. 1. ¢. p. 654. Ger. inerassatum, Andr. Rep. t. 654.

Has. Introduced to England, 1801. :
Flowers of large size, (somewhat like those of P. roseum,) deep red, with dark
streaks.

Sect. 2. SEYMOURIA. Stemless, tuberous rooted, resembling
Hoaree, but: petals two only, the three lower abortive. Stamens 5,
sub-equal, straight, exserted. (Sp. 43-46.)

43. P. dipetalum ae Ger, t. 43); stemless ; leaves ovate, acute,
glabrous ; umbel simple ; flowers pentandrous, dipetalous.” DC. Prod.
I. p. 650.

Has. 8. Africa.

Only known to me by the figure above quoted. The umbel is represented as 3-
flowered, the petals strongly reflexed, obovate, streaked at base, and purplish.

44. P. asarifolium (Sw.) ; stem scarcely any; leaves on hairy pe-
tioles, roundish-cordate, blunt, entire, ciliate, glabrous and shining above,
hairy underneath ; stipules adnate, minute ; scapes branched, villous,
many-flowered, with subulate bracts ; calyx tubes about as long as the
reflexed segments ; petals spathulate, emarginate, reflexed. Seymouria
asarifolia, Sw. Ger. t. 206.

Has. Intoduced to English gardens, 1822.
Flowers dark purple.

45. P. trifoliatum (Harv.) ; leaves on long hairy petioles, tripartite,
hairy on both sides, the segments broadly cuneate, coarsely crenate ;
stipules adnate, membranous ; scapes branched, slender, hispid ; um-
bels few-flowered ; calyx sub-sessile, the tube hispidulous, twice as
long as the reflexed, lanceolate segments; petals spathulate; stamens
four. Drege, 7497- ai

Has. Klein Drakenstein, Stell., Drege’ (Herb. Hook., Benth., Sond.).

The specimens are in poor condition, and our diagnosis may need correction.

46. P. Niveni (Harv.) ; leaves on long hairy petioles, oblongo-lanceo- _
late, tapering at base, hairy on both sides; stipules adnate, subulate; —

scapes branched, slender, hispid; umbels pluri-flowered; calyx — . -

y

’
i
:
q

| tis ty

272 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [P elargonium.

sessile, the tube hispidulous and glandular, twice as long as the reflexed,

lanceolate segments; petals spathulate; stamens four.

Has. Elevated places in Sweetmilk valley, Niven / (Herb. Sond.)

Founded on a single, imperfect specimen, which much resembles P. trifoliatum,
except in the shape of the leaves. It requires verification, and had it not belonged
to the dipetalous section, I should scarcely have ventured to name it.

Sect. 3. POLYACTIUM. oot tuberous or incrassated. Stem succu-
lent and nodose, often very short ; flowering branches herbaceous, an-
nual. eaves on long petioles, lobed or pinnately-decompound. e-
duncles elongate; umbel densely many-flowered, the pedicels much
shorter than the calyx-tube. Petals 5, sub-equal, obovate, entire or
fimbriato-lacerate. Stamens 5~7, one filament much broader than the
rest. lowers evening scented. (Sp. 47-66.)

* Leaves crowded on a short stem, or radical. Petals entire. Stipules ovate or cor
date, leafy or membranous, withering. (Sp. 47-53-)

47. P. lobatum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 650) ; stemless or nearly so ; radi-
cal-leaves deeply cordate at base, digitately 3-5-nerved, and three-
lobed or tri-partite, softly villous above, tomentose underneath, the
margin inciso-crenate and doubly serrate ; stipules sub-orbicular, acute,
scarious ; peduncles patently hairy, branched, bearing two or more
long-stalked umbels ; calyx segments softly pubescent, linear-oblong,
obtuse, shorter than the obovate, dull-colowred petals. DC. Prod. 1. p.
662. Cav. Diss. t. 114. Sw. Ger. t. 51. E.& Z.! No. 504. P. spondy-
lifolium, E.& Z.! 507. non Sw. P. arenarium, E.& Z.! 506.

Has. Dry, clayey, sandy and rocky ground. Frequent near Capetown and through

the Western districts. Winterhoeksberg, Uitenhage, £. ¢ Z./ (Herb. T.C.D.,
Hook., Sond.).

Leaves often of large size, 6-12 inches broad, very soft, and when young canes-
cent below, variable in shape and incision ; sometimes 3-foliolate, the terminal leaf-
lets petiolate, the lateral lobulate. Flowers aromatic in the evening, as in most of
this section ; the petals either dark brown with a pale margin, or dull yellow-brown.

48. P. heracleifolium (Lodd. Cab. t. 437) ; stems short and deflexed,
herbaceous ; leaves thickish, softly villous above, tomentose under-
neath, oblong, deeply inciso-pinnatifid or somewhat pinnate, serrated, the

terminal segments very large, inciso-lobulate, and petiolate, the lateral

small, simple or tripartite ; stipules broadly cordate, acute, scarious ;

calyx segments pubescent, oblong, sub-acute, half as long as the obo-

_ Yate, greenish-yellow petals. Sweet, Ger. t. 211! DC. Prod. 1. p, 604?

gerfolium, E.Mey.! P. hybridefolium E. § Z.! 509.

On the Gauritz Riv., George, E.¢ Z.! Between the French Hoek and
ek, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

5 inches long, more oblong than those of P. lobatum, and more pi

de F
n @ Somewhat ni ga aan, like non of aoe rivale. Peduncles
elongate, pubes _ the umbel 10-12-flowered, with ovate-lanceolate bracts. Drege’s —
ee very like Sweet’s figure, above quoted.

‘Feares tok aa (Colv. in Sw. Ger. t. 218) ; stem very short ;

h, glabrescent, pubescent or villous, especially underneath,

Pelargonium. | GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 273

cordate, obtuse, punnate-lobulate, and bluntly toothed, the lobules short
and round ; stipules cordate, acute, membranous ; calyx setulose, the
segments linear, acute, shorter than the obovate, brown-disked petals,
P. abet E.&éZ.! 505. P. testaceum, E. Mey.! Drege, 7507.
a. and b.

Var. 8. pedicellatum ; pedicels much longer than the bracts, P.
pedicellatum, Sw. Ger. t. 250.

Has. In grassy fields, of the Eastern Districts. Uitenhage and Caffirland, £. ¢
Z.! Zuureberg and between the Gekau and Basche, Drege/ Fish River, Burke /

(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond. ).
This in somewhat resembles P.lobatum, but the leaves are much smaller, of thicker

substance, quite simple, with no disposition to become tri-partite, more obtusely
toothed, and much less hairy, sometimes nearly glabrous above, and only sparsely
pubescent below. Sweet says “‘ the leaves are covered with a powdery pubescence,
quite white when young ;” and he speaks also of an allied, cultivated species “‘ with
rounder and smoother leaves of a greasy appearance.” This latter may probably be
Meyer’s “ testaceum” which is more glabrous than Ecklon’s plant ; but mere pubes-
cence is a fallacious character. '

50. P. radulefolium (E. & Z.! 510) ; stem short ; leaves thickish
and rather rigid, glabrescent or villoso-pubescent, broadly ovate, deeply
inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes cuneate, cut or multifid, toothed ; stipules sub-
rotund, acute, scarious ; calyx setulose, its segments linear, sub-acute,
reflexed, half as long as the dull-coloured, obovate petals. P. multira-
diatum, E. Mey.! ex parte, non Wendl.

Has. Near the Zwartzkops River, Uit., £.g7./ Albany, Mrs. Ff. W. Barber,
(Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).
S Near P. heracleifolium, but with more rigid and much more divided leaves, 2-4

inches long, 3 of their length wide. Peduncles long; the umbel pluri-flowered ;
with lanceolate bracts. Petals dull yellow-brown, darker in the middle. Flowers
scented at night.

51. P. flavum (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 418); stem short, succulent ; Fann G
radical and lower leaves 4-pinnately decompound, the segments not decur-
rent, very narrow and hairy, toothed and deeply cut ; pubescence very
copious, patent, white ; stipules ovate, acute, scarious; calyx tube
striate, setulose, segments lanceolate, reflexed, half as long as the nar-
row-obovate, thickish, dull-coloured petals. DC. Prod. 1. p. 662, Sw.
Ger. t. 254. Ger. daucifolium, Cav. Diss. t. 120, non E.§ Z.! P. fla-
vum, BE. d& Z.! 514 and P. coniophyllum, HE. & Z.! 515.

Has. In sandy or clayey soil Cape, Caledon and Clanwilliam Districts, Wit-
senberg, Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Stemless, or with a short, decumbent or deflexed stem. Leaves 6-12 inches long,
excessively divided, very hairy, the segments almost filiform. Peduncles long, um-

bel many-rayed, bracts ovato-lanceolate. Flowers greenish yellow, each with a dark
centre, or very dark brown, with a pale border, sweetly aromatic at night. Cava-
nille’s specific name “‘ daucifolium” (carrot-leaved) is much more appropriate than _
that which the law of priority forces us to adopt. The leaves are much more finely _
divided than in any state of P. triste. :

52. P. anethifolinm (E. & Z.! 516) ; stems short, herbaceous ; ra-
dical and lower leaves gv Bream the segments not de-
current, very narrow, sparsely pubescent, filiform, elongate; sti ‘ipules
ovate, acute, scabrous ; sepals lanceolate, reflexed, half as long as the

274 GERANIACE (Harv.) [ Pelargoniwm.

thickish, narrow-obovate, dull-coloured petals. P. callosum, H. Mey. !
P. peucedanifolium, E. § Z. 518%
Has. Groenekloof, . d& Z.! Piquetberg, Drege/ (Herb. Hook., Sond.).

. Very like P. flavum and perhaps a mere variety, with less finely divided and
much more glabrous leaves. The flowers are deeply yellow, with dark brown centres
and evening-scented. Peduncles long, patently pubescent ; the umbel many-rayed,
with ovato-lanceolate bracts. Meyer's “ P. Calloswm” is more glabrous, with
longer ultimate leaf-segments, but otherwise very similar : and “ P. peucedanifolium,
E. & Z.!” from Tulbaghsberg, judging from a miserably imperfect specimen in Hb.
Sond. is not different.

53. P. triste (Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. vol. 2. p. 418); stem short or
scarcely any, deflexed, succulent ; radical and lower leaves bi-tri-pwn-
nately-decompound, the segments decurrent, toothed and laciniate, the
teeth gland-tipped ; pubescence copious, patent, pilose ; stipules sub-
rotund, mucronate, scarious ; calyx tube striate, setulose, much longer
than the pedicel, segments lanceolate, spreading or reflexed, half as long
as the narrow-obovate, thickish, dull-coloured petals. DC. Prod 1. p.
662. Bot. Mag. t. 1641. P. millefoliatum, Sw. t. 220.

Var. «. daucifolium ; occasionally caulescent ; leaves sub-tri-pinnati-
fid, their segments narrow. Pol. triste, E. & Z.! 512, daucifolvum,
E.& Z.! 513 and P. multiradiatum, BE. & Z.! 521, non Wendl.

Var. 8. filipendulifolium ; caulescent ; leaves sub-bi-pinnatifid, their
segments broader. Ger. triste, Cav. Diss. t. 107, P. filipend. Sw. t. 85,
E.&Z.! 511. P. papaverifolium, BE. & Z.! 508. a

eae Q Var y.? laxatum; leaves diffusely-decompound, 4-pinnate, the _
Blipascla 24 pinne petiolate, the ultimate segments distant, linear, decurrent, simple
oel- \Q ~ or pinnatifid ; pubescence scanty. P. laxatum, Harv. in Herb. Sond.

! Has. Frequent in clayey soil, in Cape and Stellenbosch Districts. y. at the 24
Rivers, Zeyher / (Herb. T.C,D., Hook., Sond.)

Often quite stemless, but sometimes with a longish, unbranched, ascending or knee-
bent stem. Leaves 8-12 inches long (in y. 2 feet long and broad), very much
lobed and cut in an unequally pinnate order, the pairs of lacinie unequal, short and
long mixed. Flowers dull brownish yellow, with dark spots, or the petal dark
brown with a pale border, very sweetly aromatic at night. Peduncles long, -umbel
“sae ig ahaa with lanceolate bracts. Our var. 7., founded on a specimen in Hb.
Sond., has enormously ws and laxly-lobed leaves ; the primary and secondary seg-
ments petiolulate. It probably grew under some modifying circumstances of soil or

fs eet sta gua

—__ ** Leaves scattered on an elongated, simple or branched, erect or ascending stem.
Petals entire. Stipules ovate or cordate, membranous, withering. (Sp. 54-60.)

ers sub-sessile, inner on long, villous pedicels ; calyx tube
times longer than the obtuse, villous segments ; petals
ae tale denier ; fertile stamens five. DC.l.c.p. —

IF
He
L

_ densely pubescent ; leaves pinnalely 3-parted, silky on both sides,

Pelargoniwm] —‘ GERANIACEA (Harv.) -9T5

high. Leaves 10-12 inches long or more, decompound, with patent and sub-distant
segments. Peduncles 8-10 inches long, villous, Bracts lanceolate, hairy. I have
only seen cultivated specimens of this plant.

55. P. apiifolium (Jacq. f. Eccl. 1. t. 27); caudex thick and fleshy,
glabrous ; flowering branches herbaceous, slender, hairy, with long in-
ternodes ; leaves pinnati-partite, the pihne petiolate, pinnatifido-pinnate,
the segments cuneate, flat, laciniate, glabrows and glaucous ; stipules
small, triangular ; peduncles simple ; flowers sub-sessile, the calyx tube
3-4 times longer than the obtuse, reflexed segments ; petals obovate,
reflexed, dark, witha pale border. DC, Prod. 1. p. 662.

Has. Cultivated in Europe, 1809.

Only known to me from Jacquin’s figure and description, from which together I
have drawn up the above diagnosis. Though placed by De Candolle widely a)
from P. multiradiatum, it appears to me to be nearly allied, I cannot credit Jac-
quin’s description of the stamens and calyx tube.

56. P. quinquevulnerum (Willd. ! Enum. 703); suffruticose, spar-
ingly branched ; leaves bi-pinnatifid, hairy and rough, the segments linear,
unequally cut and toothed ; stipules broadly cordate, mucronate; calyx
tubes setulous, equalling the pedicels, segments oblong, blunt ; petals
obovate, velvetty, purple, with a pale edge. DC. Prod. 1. p. 664. Andr.
Rep. t. 114. Sw. Ger. t. 161.

Has. Grown from seed sent from the Cape, 1796, Andrews. (Hb. Willd.)
Sweet supposes thisto be a hybrid between P. bicolor and P. triste. The flowers

ae P. bicolor (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 425); stems shrubby, succu-

lent, sparingly branched, pubescent ; leaves cordate at base, pinnately-

trifid or tripartite, pubescent, the lateral segments broadly cuneate, dbi-—

lobed and cut, the terminal trifid, toothed ; a cordate, acute ;
calyx tubes nearly sessile, segments lanceolate, villous, reflexed ; petals
obovate, purple, with a pale border. Jacg. Hort. Vind. t. 39. Cav.

Diss. t. 111. Bot. Mag. t. 201. Sw. Ger. t.97. DC. Prod. 1. p. 664.

Has. Cult, in England, si 8. (v. Vv. c. ee oes.

: Stem 1-2 feet high, exclusive of the sal p a ea lee

: —4 inches § as softly pubescent. A very o! en

Satie Gb Gath any aentan enlistbor trons the Cape. Is it a garden hybrid?

_ 58. P. sanguineum (Wendl. Coll. 2. f. 53); caudex shrubby, fleshy,”
nodose, glabrous ; reine branches herbaceous, slender, lax, with

swollen nodes and long internodes, hairy ; leaves pinnati-partite, gla-

brous, thickish, the pinne sessile, decurrent, laciniato-pinnatifid, con-

cave, with acute lobes; stipules amplexicaul; flowers pedicellate; the

calyx tube long or short ; segments reflexed; petals narrow obovate,

scarlet. Jacq. f. Eccl. t. 57. Sw. Ger. t.76. DU. Prod. 1. p. 662.

Has. Cultivated, but its history uncertain. Sweet supposes it may be a hybrid,
, Portree :
flowers of the latter.

89. P. fulgidum (Willd. Sp. 3. 684); stem shrubby succulent

and P. fulgidum, haying the leaves of the former and the

Root tuberous, very large. Stem short ; the flowering branches leafy, 1-2 feet Ala ucu

276 GERANIACE# (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

teral segments broadly cuneate, 3-lobed and cut, the terminal oblong,
pinnatifid and lobulate; stipules broadly cordate, acute; peduncles
branched ; calyx-tube much swollen at base and in the throat, thrice
as long as the pedicel, the segments linear, obtuse, softly hairy ; petals
obovate, scarlet, DC. Prod. 1. p. 663. Dill. Ellth. t. 130. fe 137. Car
Diss. t. 116. f. 2. Sw. Ger.t.69. E.§Z.! 519. Zey. 1 193. G. tectum,
~ Thunb. ! Cap. p. 525, fide Herb. Holm. !
“Sou Ha, Cult. in England, since 1732. Sandy ground : near Saldanha Bey, E. § Z./
_| » Between Langvalley and Heerelogement, Clanw. Drege! Zeyher! (Herb. Hook.
“P-/5% Sond., Banks. ,

An old inhabitant of conservatories, though not now so frequently met with as
formerly. It is a free flowerer, and one of the parents of many beautiful hybrids.
Flowers brilliant scarlet, with black lines. Garden specimens are much more gla-
brous, with thinner leaves than wild ones.

60. P. gibbosum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 684); stem shrubby, succulent,
much swollen at the distant nodes; leaves glaucous, and nearly gla-
brous, pinnati-partite, the segments in 1-2 pair with a terminal, the
lowest petiolate, all broadly cuneate, cut or lobed; stipules small, ovate-
acuminate, membranous ; pedicels very short ; calyx-tube thrice as
long as the villous and pubescent, linear-lanceolate segments ; petals
obovate, greenish yellow. DC. Prod. t. p. 662. Su. Ger. t.61. E. & Z. !
520. Cav. Diss. t. 109.f. 1. Burm. Afr. t. 37. f. 2-

Has. Introduced 1712 to England from the Cape. Riedvalley and False Bay,
Cape, EF. & Z.! Oliphant’s River, Zeyher! (Herb. Benth., Sond.).

The “ Gouty-Geranium ” of English greenhouses. The nodes of the long, strag-
gling stems are 5-6 inches apart, and conspicuously swollen ; the bark is pale,
smooth and glaucous. A few spreading hairs are scattered here and there ; in other
respects the plant is nearly smooth. It is a well marked and easily recognized
species.

*#** Leaves crowded on a short stem, or sub-radical. Petals entire. Stipules subu-
late, acuminate, rigid. (Sp. 61-63.)

with a large spot zy segments. Umbels nae Petals
62. P. Zeyheri (Har ); radical ares oa lor i J

«. +. Zeyheri (Harv. lica . ng petioles capillaceo-

_multi-partite, bi-ti-pinnate, the pine and pinnules petiolulate, fili-

| pita tig! Co ges Slender, channelled above, almost quite glabrous ;

Bos _Suoilese, much acuminate, rigid, pubescent ; scape

_ Hook., Sond.).

Pelargonium. | -GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 277

longer than the leaves, angular ; bracts, pedicels and calyx-tubes lanu-
ginous, cal, segments lanceolate, half as long as the obovate petals.

Has. Crocodile River and Macallisberg, Burke & Zeyher / (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,
Sond.)

Stem an inch or two long, leafy at the crown. Leaves 8-16 inches long, the
petiole as long ; the lamina cut into filiform shreds, sometimes setaceous, sometimes
twice or thrice as thick, always very long and entire. The specimens, with slender
leaf-lobes, are quite glabrous, the others have a few scattered hairs. These latter
approach P. anethifoliwm in aspect, but differ decidedly in the stipules and other
characters. The petals are pale, spotless, and of thinner substance than usual in
this group. The broad-stamen is taper-pointed, or semi-lanceolate. I have plea-
sure in inscribing this remarkable species to the memory of its discoverer, the late
estimable Charles Zeyher of Uitenhage, one of the ablest and most indefatigable ex-
plorers of the Botany of South Africa.

63. P. flabellifolium (Harv.) ; radical leaves on long, terete, hairy
petioles, broadly flabelliform, truncate at base, pilose, palmately many-
lobed, and many-nerved, the lobes sharply toothed, the nerves promi-
nent, radiating, with closely netted, prominent veinlets; stipules broadly
subulate, acuminate, rigid ; scapes very longand hairy ; umbel densely
many-flowered, with lanceolate bracts ; calyx softly pubescent, the seg-
ments lanceolate, acute, half as long as the (dark red?) obovate petals,

Has. Trans Vaal and Stockspruit, Natal, Mr. Sanderson! (Herb. Hook.)
Leaves 5-10 inches long and broad, rigid. The strongly-netted and prominent

‘venation distinguishes this from any of the broad-leaved forms of P. aconitophyllum ;

the section of the leaf is also different, and the size much greater. The name ‘“ jla-
bellifolium” is given by Sweet to a hybrid (Sw. vol. §. t. 48) which must not be con-
founded with our species.

*ee* Petals fimbriato-multifid. (Sp. 64-66.)

64. P. schizopetalum (Sw. Ger. t. 232); stem short, succulent; radi-_
cal leaves petiolate, oblong, obtuse, strigose on both sides, inciso-pin-
natifid, the lobes cuneate, deeply toothed or cut at the apex ; stipules
lanceolate, acuminate ; scapes much longer than the leaves, scabrous
and hispid ; umbel pluri-flowered ; calyx setulose, with linear lanceo-
late segments; petals bi-partite, their segments fimbriato-multifid. P.
uitenhagense, E. § Z. ! 523.

a BS nalaenmensgi ee rte Fer T.C.D., Hook., wat

scarcely any. Petioles in ee, a pinna-
"ar bro . et ti Pea eae, te to

upper greenish-yellow, the lower brownish- cut into s .
This onions plant was cultivated in ate Mr. Colvill in 1821, but like many
pars similar habit, has ‘Sweet says the flowers are unpleasantly

65. P. amatymbicum (E. & Z.! 522); stem short, succulent ; radical
leaves petiolate, softly pubescent and sub-canescent beneath, ovate-oblong,
obtuse, glabrous above, pinnato-lobulate, the lobules mostly broader than —
long, coarsely toothed at the apex ; stipules lanceolate acuminate ;
mea very much longer than the leaves, pilose, many-flowered; calyx

loso-

pubescent, with linear-lanceolate segments ; petals bi-partite, Sg

their segments fimbriato-multifid. P. fimbriatum, E. Mey.! — ;
Has. Mountain sides, Caffraria, B. & Z.! Katberg, Drege! (Herb. T.

rhage ere weal

278 GERANIACE (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

Very like P. schizopetalum, but the leaves are more ovate, much less deeply lobed, ©
and the upper surface is glabrous and the margin purple. The flowers are rather
larger and all the petals suffused with purple ; the pubescence of the calyx is dif-
ferent, and the wmbel has more rays.

66. P. caffrum (E. & Z.! 524); stem short and succulent ; radical
leaves on long petioles, somewhat digitately pinnatt-partite or sub-ln-
pinnati-par tite, the segments narrow-linear, very entire, with revolute mar-
gins, sub-acute, sparsely villous, especially on the nerves ; stipules lanceo-
late, acuminate ; scapes much longer than the leaves, villous; umbel
many-flowered, the pedicels longer than the bracts, slender, and, as
well as the calyx, villous ; petals bi-partite, their segments fimbriato-
multifid.
= we Winterberg, Caffr., E. § Z./ Van Staadensberg, Uit., Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.,
OOK.

Distinguished from the two preceding species by the narrow, linear segments of
the multi-partite leaves. In an old specimen, without special locality, im Herb.
Hook., the petals are very dark, almost black ; in those collected by Zeyher they

are brownish-yellow, with purple lines. The leaves occasionally vary to palmatifid,
with broad lobes, glaucous below.

in Secor. 4. OTIDIA. Root branching. Stem succulent and knobby.

a Leaves fleshy, pinnately or bi-pinnately divided. Stipules minute. Petals

narrow, nearly equal, the two upper eared at base. Fertile stamens 5.

f Sco often dichotomous; umbels few or pluri-flowered ; fl. small.
P: 97-72.

67. P. carnosum (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 421); stem succulent, the
branches swollen at the nodes ; leaves shortly petiolate, oblong, deeply
pinnatifid, somewhat fleshy, puberulous or glabrous, the segments flat,

a cuneate, sharply cut or sub-pinnatifid ; stipules small, ovate, acute ;
peduncles long, branched, hispidulous; umbel many-flowered with short
ovato-lanceolate bracts; pedicels patently setose, much longer than the
calyx-tube, which is swollen at base, calyx segments lanceolate, acute,
hispidulous. DC. Prod. 1. p.655. EH. dé Z.! 525. Dul. Eth. t. 127. fig.
154. Sw. Ger. t.98! P. laxum, EF. § Z.! 527, non Sw. P. dasycaulon,
E. & Z. ! 526, non Sims? P. crassicaule, H. Mey.! non LI’ Her.
Has. In or clayey places, eastern districts. Between Zwartkops and Son
Rivers, iinies., pate am Fish River, Albany, EZ. & Z./ pier Fs Little ss
= kind Fish River, Drege! Albany, Mrs. F. W. Barber’ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook.,
ice ‘Stem 1-2 feet high, clumsy, not much branched ; the branches slender, with smaller
leaves, or somewhat naked. Leaves 2-4 inches long, not cut quite to the mid-rib,
the segments 2-4 lines wide. This plant was cultivated in England in 1724, and is
times seen in collections. The flowers are erally white, and of small
| Mire. Barber's apecimens seem to have been flame ur, the upper ]
Says the leaves are “hairy on both sides,” a characteragreeing

lium (Sm. Ic. pict. 1. t. 13); stem succulent, the
‘nodes; leaves on longish petioles, sub-bipinnati-
id; stipules minute, cordate ; flowering

Pelargonium. | GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 279

flowered, with oblong, obtuse, small bracts; pedicels downy or glabres-
cent; longer than the calyx-tube, calyx-segments lincar-oblong, obtuse.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 655. Sw. Ger. t. 354. P. paniculatum, Jacg. Schoenb.
t.137. P. lacum, Sw. Ger. t. 196, non E.d Z. Drege, 74791 P.da-
syphyllum, EH. Mey.! Jenkinsonia dichotoma, E. & Z.! 543.

Has. North-west districts. Between Kaussie and Silverfontein, Dreye! Bitter-
fontein, Zeyher! Louisfontein, Clanw., #. & Z./ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A very straggling plant with panicled inflorescence and more fleshy, narrower and
more divided foliage than in others of this section. P. dasyphyllum, E. Mey./ from
pry marae looks like a starved state, with simpler leaves and short cuneate and

-10 .

69. P. ceratophyllum (L’ Her. Ger. t. 13); “stem shrubby, carnose,
branched ; leaves fleshy, pinnati-partite, the lobes linear, semi-terete,
sub-canaliculate, entire or 3-toothed ; umbels many-flowered.” DC.
Prod. i. p. 653. Bot. Mag. t. 315.

Has. South Africa. (Unknown to me.)
Probably a mere var. of P. crithmifolium, with simpler leaves.

70. P. dasycaulon (Bot. Mag. t. 2029); “stem shrubby, carnose,
tuberculated ; leaves fleshy, pinnati-partite, the lobes inciso-pinnatifid,
sub-trifid; umbels about 3-flowered. DC. l. cp. 655.

To j by th in Bot. Mag. this and the preceding may be probably re-
ferred F. Golneey ican. le ee

71. P. ferulaceum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 687); stem succulent, the bran-
ches swollen at the nodes ; leaves on longish petioles, oblong, deeply
pinnatifid or pinnati-partite, thickish, pubescent on both sides, the seg-
ments flat, cuneate, sharply incised or pinnatifid ; stipules small, ovate-
acuminate; flowering branches sub-dichotomons, the peduncles short,
downy and the umbels 4—6-flowered, with short ovate bracts; pedicels
downy, about as long as the swollen tube, cal.-segments Jinear-oblong,
white-margined, downy, sub-acute. DC. Prod. 1. p. 654. Burm. Afr, t.
36. f.1. Cav. Diss. t. 110, f.2. EH. &Z.! 528. Drege, 7481; also P.
carnosum, 8. E. Mey.! P. Burmannianum, LE. & Z.! 529. Zey- 179.

Var. 8. polycephalum ; downy or glabrescent, with broader and less

- deeply cut eaf-lobes, broader and more obtuse and paler bracts and

stipules, and denser, sub-capitate umbels. P. polycephalum, E. Mey.!
in Herb. Drege. eee nae

Has. In sandy soil, north-west districts. Oliphant’s River, Clanw., and Zwart-
land, Stell.; Z. d Z./ Silverfontein, Drege/ both varieties, (Herb. T.C.D., Benth.,

Sond.

voy like P. carnosum but more hairy and with much shorter and denser flowers;
more paniculate branching ; a softer and closer pubescence, and differently-shaped
calyx-segments, &c. It is also a western, not eastern species.

- 92, P. alternans (Wendl. H. Herrenh. 1. p. 14. t.9); stem succulent,
much branched, the branches short and knobby ; leaves petiolate, pin-

nati-partite, pilose, the segments petiolate, cuneate, trifid or 3~4-parted and.

toothed ; stipules minute, ovate; peduncles short, hispid, with 3-4-_ eae

flowered umbels and oblong, hairy bracts ; pedicels very short or obsol:
the pubescent calyx-tube as long as or longer than the linear, obt

280 GERANIACE (Harv.) [ Pelargonium. |

segments. DC. Prod. 1.p.655, Sw. Ger. t. 286. Otidia microphylla,
E. & Z.! 531, and O. corallina, E. § Z.! 530.

Has. Cultivated in England, 1791. Near Heerelogement and Kraus Valley,
Clanw., H.d4Z./ (Herb. Benth., Sond.)

This species is remarkable for its. clumsy, many-knobbed stem, and small, white-
hairy leaves. Though £. ¢ Z.’s specimens are very imperfect, I have no hesitation
in referring their O. microphylla, at least to this place ; and O. corallina was founded
on — defective scraps of a similar plant, Flowers small, white, with narrow
petals,

Sec. 5. LIGULARIA. oot branching. Stem either succulent or
suffruticose and slender. Leaves rarely entire, mostly incised, or decom-
pound, pinnati-partite. Pubescence hairy, very rarely wanting. Stipules
(except in P, pulchellum) small or obsolete. Petals sub-unequal, narrow
spathulate, the two upper tapering at base or clawed. Fertile stamens 7.

(Sp. 73-92.)

(Bp Stem short, thick, undivided, nodose, armed with persistent spine-like (free ) stipules.
Pp: 73-75-)

73. P. stipulaceum (Willd.! Sp, 3. p.655) ; root-stock caulescent,
moniliform, tuberous, armed with persistent stipules ; leaves chiefly
from the crown, on long filiform petioles, oblong, cordate or hastate at
base, somewhat 3-lobed, inciso-dentate, ciliate, sparsely hispid ; stipules
subulate, free ; scapes often branched, with few-flowered umbels and
lanceolate bracts ; calyx-tube sub-sessile, 4-5-times as long as the lan-
ceolate, villous segments; petals broadly spathulate or obovate. DC.
Prod. t.p.651. Cav. Diss.t.122.f. 3. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 519. P. pal-
lens, Andr. Ger. cumTc. Sw. Ger. t. 148.

Has. Near Hantam, Thunberg. Leliefontein, Namaqualand, 4-5000 f. Drege /
(Herb. Willd., T.C.D., Hook., Sond).

Root-stock 3-4 inches long, half above ground ; the upper portion succulent, with
a hard, brown, rough bark, armed with hardened stipules and bases of petioles. Pe-
tioles 3-4 inches long ; leaves 14 inches, thin and membranous, glabrescent. Flower-
stalks 8-12 inches high ; umbels 2—3-flowered ; calyx-tube nearly 2 inches long.
Petals cream-coloured.

74 P.articulatum (Willd. Sp. 3. p.655); “stem very short, armed
___-with persistent stipules; leaves reniform, 5-lobed, villous, the lobes
_ trifid; umbel simple, few-flowered. Cav. Diss. 4. p. 252. t. 122. f. 1.
— DC Prod. 1. p.651. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 520.
_ Has. Near Hantam, in the Roggeveld, Thunberg.

15. P. oh geal stem fleshy, moniliform or closely knobby,

armed with persistent spine-like stipules, slightly branched ;
m the crown, on slender, strigose and glandular petioles, pin-
de with very narrow, strigose, deeply incised or parted segments;
d, subulate, free ; peduncles densely glandular, simple ;
oo bux flowered, with short subulate bracts; flowers sub-sessile,
_ the glandular calyx-tube 4-5 times longer than the lanceolate, albo-

;
ity
:
%

Pelargonium. | GERANIACEE (Harv.) 281

with rigid spines, formed of hardened stipules. The habit is nearly that of a Sar-

cocaulon.

** Stem incrassated, armed with hardened, spine-like petioles. Stipules adnate.
(Sp. 76.)

76, P. crassipes (Harv.); stem short, carnose, thickly covered with
the persistent, thickened and hardened bases of old petioles; leaves on
very thick, tapering petioles, pinnati-partite, pubescent,. ... . ; stipules
minute, adnate, subulate ; peduncles elongate, branched or panicled,
with many-flowered umbels and lanceolate bracts; flowers sub-sessile,
the calyx-tube very long, glandular, 4-6-times longer than the oblong,
obtuse, scabrous segments; petals dark purple, small.

Has. Collected by Masson! (Herb. Banks.)

Leaves not perfect in the only specimen seen, decompound, once or twice pinnate.
The hardened petioles, 1-2 inches long, spreading in all directions, are very charac-
teristic.

*** Stem simple, succulent, or branched and suffruticose. Stipules adnate to the
petioles, deltoid or subulate, conspic (Sp. 77-81.)

77. P. pulchellum (Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 524); stem short and succu-
lent ; leaves on short, hairy petioles, oblong, silky, inciso-pinnatifid, the
lobes oblong, acute ; stipules broadly ear-shaped, acute, adnate, rigid, veiny,
silky; scapes branched, pilose, with many-flowered umbels and lanceo-
late, silky bracts; outer flowers pedicellate, inner sub-sessile, the calyx-
tube many times longer than the lanceolate, hairy sepals. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 665. Sw. Ger. t. 31. P. pictum, Andr. Rep. t. 168% DC. Prod. l. c.

Has. Cultivated in Europe, 1695. Kaus Mountain, Namaqualand, Drege /
(Herb. Benth., Jacq.)

Stem scarcely branched, sometimes obsolete. Stipules remarkably broad and stiff,
like those of P. appendiculatum. The petals are white, each with a large, deep
spot. Seemingly a rare species.

78. P. hirtum (Jacq.! Ic. Rar. t. 536); stem short, fleshy, villous,
armed with the persistent bases of old leaves; leaves on villous petioles,
bi-tri-pinnate, the segments narrow-linear, partite, densely and softly
hairy ; stipules narrow-subulate, adnate; peduncles patently “hairy,
scape-like, but often leaf-bearing in the middle, branched ; umbels 3—
8-flowered, with villous bracts; calyx tube villoso-hispid, the segments
oblong, white-edged, obtuse. DC. Prod. 1. p.661. Cav. Diss. t. 117.

f.2. Sw. Ger. t. 113. EB. d Z.! 540, also 538 and 539. P. tenuifolium,

LD Her. t.12. DC.t.¢. . |
Has, Mountain sides, in the western districts. Lion’s Mountain ; and at Sal- © a

danha Bay, and Brackfontein, #. & Z./ Near Groenekloof and at the Paarl, Drege/\ Mduwhu0

(Herb. Banks., T.C.D.. Hook., Sond.) oe
Stem short, slightly branched, erect or decumbent. Leaves very fincly divided, Ut

like those of a carrot. Flowers rather small, rosy purple, the two upper petals fee

darker and spotted. The whole ong is very . In the Stockholm Herb. is a

specimen of this plant from Thunberg, marked “ P. abrotanifolium.”

79. P. dissectum (E. & Z.! 536); stem short, suffruticose, sub-simple;
leaves on very long, patently hairy petioles, tripartite, the segments fasti-
giate, multifid, sparsely pilose, their divisions narrow-linear, patent,
acute and hair-tipped ; stipules minute, deltoid, adnate, membra

282 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

peduncles seape-like, longer than the leaves, retrorsely strigose near the
| _ summit, villous below ; umbels few-flowered, with small bracts ; calyx-
tube sub-sessile, retrorsely strigose and thinly pilose, 3-4 times as long
ee as the lanceolate, acuminate segments; petals narrow, on long claws,
the two upper longer, emarginate. JP. setosum, E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege,
non Sw.

Has. Near Philipstown and Fort Beaufort, Kat River, Z.&Z./ Kaffirland, Drege!
also the Nieuweveldsberg, Beaufort, and between Blauberg and Tigerberg. Cape.
Albany, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Stem decumbent at base, the leafy portion erect, 2-3 inches long. Leaves crowded;
the petiole 4-5 inches long, the multifid lamina 1 inch across, The habit is like
that of Monsonia speciosa in miniature. Petals white. The 7 fertile stamens are
sub-equal, and rather shorter than the calyx segments.

80. P. multifidum (Harv.); shrubby, slender (prostrate?), the branches
rusty, angular, pubescent; leaves petiolate, sub-rotund in outline, digi
tately 3-7-parted, the segments cuneate, fastigiate, deeply inciso-lobulate,
both surfaces appressedly hairy; stipules broadly subulate, adnate; pe-
duncles filiform, persistent, few-flowered, with deciduous bracts; calyx-
tube sub-sessile, pubescent, 4—5-times as long as the oblong, obtuse
segments; petals spathulate, not much exceeding the calyx. Drege,
9460. Zeyher! 2054.

Has. Between the Zwarteberg and River Zonderende, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.)

A rigid, though slender, branching suffrutex, probably growing in dry ground.
Leaves scarcely more than } inch in diameter, densely clothed with rigid, white hairs.
Flowers in bad preservation. The petals seem to have been dull yellowish.

81. P. sericeum (E. Mey.!); whole plant silky ; stem short, dichoto-
mous, woody, imbricated with persistent leaf-bases ; leaves densely seri-
ceous, canescent, cuneate, deeply trifid, the lateral segments linear, ob-
tuse, the medial cuneate and 3-lobed ; stipules adnate, subulate, spread-
ing ; peduncles branched, the partial 1-3-flowered; bracts lanceolate,

eee connate; sub-sessile, the tube several times longer than the oblong,
saree blunt sepals; petals obovate.

Pee Voge ate Mountain, near Goedman’s-kraal, 3-4000 f. Drege! (Herb. T.C.D.,
ee _ Hook.,Sond.
i : A densely ain small, but stoutly woody plant, with closely imbricated, sub-
ee sessile, shining and silky leaves. Flower-stalks often very short, but branched ; the
involucres frequently one-flowered. Calyx-tube 1} inches long. Flowers white.

#8 Stem slender, branching, suffruticose. Stipules adnate, very minute or obsolete.
ee Ce Ses)

82. P. abrotanifolium (Jaeq. Schoenb. t. 136.); shrubby, slender,
branched, velvetty-canescent ; leaves pulverulent, flabelliform, tri-
lateral segments deeply 2-3-lobed, the terminal multifid, with

tone A en w-flo ak bracts minute, ovate ; ithe ie os
eee Re wien dicels, or the hairy segments ; upper petals broader
3 a Ge use lower. DC. P rod. 1. p. 661. Cav. Diss. t. 117.f.1-

Rhinoster-

|
;
|
f
7

Pelargonium. | GERANIACE& (Harv.) 283

Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber! Cultivated since 1796 in England. (Herb. T.C.D.,
Hook., Sond.)

~ A slender, strongly aromatic, canescent shrub, with leaves like those of ‘ Southern
Wood” (Artemisia Abrotanum). It chiefly differs from P. incisum in the petals and
pubescence, and from P, exstipulatum in the multifid leaves. Flowers white, the
two upper petals with a red spot, or rosy. Cavanille’s figure is very bad.

83. P. incisum (Willd.! Sp. 3. p.686); suffruticose, densely branched,
the branches rough with the bases of old leaves ; leaves shortly petiolate,
tri-partite, the segments pinnatifid or multifid, with linear, ob-
tuse lobules; stipules minute, deltoid, slightly adnate; peduncles few-
flowered, with oblong bracts ; calyx tube sub-sessile, 4 times as long as
the lanceolate, acute segments; upper petals longer than the lower. DC.
Prod. 1. p.661. #.§Z.! 533. Sw. Ger. t. 93. P. canescens, E, & Z.!
534. Zey.! 2086.

Has. Clayey hills and river banks, in Swellendam and George. Hassagaiskloof,
and near the Gauritz River, Z.¢ Z./ (Herb. Willd., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A much branched, leafy, pubescent or hairy bush, 1 foot or more in height. Leaves
less than an inch across. Flowers small, pale ; the petals narrow-linear or spathu-
late, the two upper with a dark red spot. The pubescence is not velvetty, as in the
preceding, to which this species is allied.

84. P. exstipulatum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 431); shrubby, thinly canescent ;
leaves velvetty (small), roundish-ovate, obtuse, truncate at base, three-
lobed, the lobes cuneate, inciso-crenate, the lateral ones small ; stipules
very minute, adnate ; peduncles elongate, few-flowered, with ovate,
minute bracts; pedicels and calyces velvetty, the cal-lobes lanceolate ;
petals spathulate, short. DC. Prod. 1. p.678. L’Her. Ger. t. 35. Cav.
Diss. t.123.f.1. #.§Z.! 637. P. fragrans, Willd. ! non Sw., nec Andr.

Has. Among shrubs. Near the Gauritz River, in the Karroo, and the Lange-
kloof, #. 4 Z.! Introduced to England, 1779. (Herb. Sond., Willd.) i

A slender shrub, velvetty and canescent in all parts, and commonly known in
English green-houses as the “ Penny-royal scented.” It is chiefly sorts | for its
fume, and small, neat foliage. Leaves scarcely exceeding } inch in diameter. The

85. P. ionidiflorum (EF. & Z.! 532); shrubby at base, the branches
slender, flexuous ; leaves on patently hairy petioles, oblong obtuse, cordate
at base, deeply inciso-pinnatifid, the lobes obtuse, crenato-dentate, the
upper surface pubescent, the nerves on the lower surface ciliate ; sti-
salar very minute, tooth-like, adnate; peduncles branching, patently
hairy; umbels 5—6-flowered, with short, glabrescent bracts ; calyx-tube
pedicellate or sub-sessile, slender, sparsely setulose, 4-5 times longer
than the lanceolate, acute segments ; petals narrow, the two upper
longest. P. cortusefolium, E. Mey.! non L’ Her.

Has. Rocky ground in Albany, &. & Z.! Mrs, F. W. Barber. Near Grahamstown,
Williamson! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) _

Stems thickish and woody below, the branches slender, 6-8 inches long. Leaves

ee rnd mare x Sane Coeahy es a

tifid. ‘The pubescence is sparse, but the hairs are long, white and silky.
are small and purple, with darker streaks on the upper petals. eo
in P. cardiophyllum undivided.) (Sp. 86-89.) sag eae

_ 86. P. ramosissimum (Willd. Sp. 3. p.688); bushy,densely”’

284 GERANIACEE (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

the branches hairy; leaves on hairy petioles, elongate, pinnati-partite,
the pinne very short, inciso-multifid or pinnatifid, scabrous and hairy,
with linear lobules; stipules free, ovate, acuminate, membranous; pe-
duncles alternately branched, the umbellules racemose, few-flowered,
patent; bracts short, ovate ; calyx scabrous, its segments linear, obtuse,
very rough ; petals narrow, with long claws. DC. Prod. 1. p.661. LH.
& Z.1 537. Burm. Afr.t. 34.f.2. Zey.! 2068 & 187.

Has. Heathy ground near Beaufort, #.¢ Z.! Cradock, and in Namaqualand,
Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A small, bushy suffrutex, 1-2 feet high, hairy and rather viscous. Leaves very
finely divided, 2~3 inches long and 3 inch wide. Old flower-stems often persistent,
bearing several horizontally spreading peduncles.

87. P. tripartitum (Sw. Ger. t. 115) ; stem suffruticose, straggling ;
branches slender, brittle, pubescent; leaves on petioles longer than the
lamina, deeply trifid or tri-partite, the segments densely pubescent, cuneate,
inciso-trifid ; stipules small, ovate, acute, membranous, free ; peduncles
spreading, pubescent; umbels 3-6-flowered, with ovate bracts; calyx- _
tube, scabrid, 4 times longer than the lanceolate, acute segments; petals
narrow, the two upper longest. DC. Prod. 1. p. 661. P. tripartitum,
and P. fragile, Willd. P. trifidum, Jacq. Schoenb. t. 134. #.& Z.! 535:

Has. Cultivated, 1796. In the Karoo, between the Gauritz River and Langekloof,
E. & Z.! Zuaureberg, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A slender, half-shrubby, weak-growing plant, with flexuous branches and variously
cut leaves. Petals cream-coloured, the two upper with a deep red medial stripe.
Jacquin’s figure, above quoted, exactly represents Drege’s specimens.

88. P. Artemisizefolium (DC. Prod. 1. p. 661.; fide E. & Z.); stem
suffruticose, erect, sub-simple, glabrous; leaves on long petioles, 2-
pinnately-partite, with nearly glabrous, linear-filiform, channelled, acute
segments; stipules subulate, free; peduncles elongate, 2-3-flowered ;
bracts numerous, subulate; calyx tube on a longish pedicel, swollen at
base, 2—3 times longer than the lanceolate, cuspidate, sparsely setulose
segments; upper petals not twice as long as the sepals, lower spathu-
late. E.G Z./ 558. Zey.! 2066. :

Has. South Africa, Dr. Grondale! Mountain sides near Zonderende River, at

_ Knoblanch, Swellendam, £. dé Z.! (Herb. Sond., Hook.) gel
_ Placed by £. & Z.! in “ Myrrhidium,” but readily known from any of that section

___by the long pedicels to the calyx tube, the want of prominent ribs on the calyx seg-
ments, the subulate stipules and the erect habit. The leaves are usually as above

ee . described, but specimens sometimes occur with ovate, inciso-lobulate leaves ; showing

tendency towards P. cardiophyllum.

pea cardiophyllum (Harv.); stem short, sub-simple, or with inno-
ions ; leaves on very long, nearly glabrous, channelled — rigid,
4 erved, s renato-dentate (rarely 3-lobed and laciniate), palmately 3-5-
_nerved, seaberulous or setulose on both sides ; stipules subulate, atte-
| cole conan short, 2—3-flowered, with subulate bracts; pedi-
2 loser pS goa aroma curved, hispidulous oe ae pear ty a
Nin Suc Taig ig eee TOE AA. Oh

ss nd —_
joete Segehapi =

maine
ren emer
. "

RK,

_ consists of this species, partly of the barren stems of something

Pelargonium.]} GERANIACEZ (Harv.) 285

Has. Rocky mountain sides, above the Baths, and Baviansberg, Gnadenthal, £.
< ee Faas Zonderende, Zeyher! B.in Herb. Sond., from Zeyher! (Herb, Hook.,

md. :

Stem scarcely any or 2-3 inches long, woody at base, the innovations herbaceous.
Leaves crowded, the petioles 4-5 inches long, the lamina scarcely an inch. Except
for the minute, scattered bristles the plant is glabrous. The lower petals are nearly
as long as the upper, but are much narrower ; all the petals are blotched, or suf-_
fused with rosy gee Notwithstanding the very different foliage this species is
closely allied to P. artemisiefolium. The leaves, though generally cordate, are some-
times 3-lobed, and, asin var. 8., laciniate /

[Ligulariz unknown to me.]

90. P. minimum (Willd. Sp. p. 664); “stem scarcely suffruticose,
erect; branches glabrous, herbaceous; leaves pinnatisect, the lower
segments pinnatifid, upper entire and with linear-oblong lobules ;
umbels several-flowered.” DC. Prod. 1.p.660. G. minimum, Cav. Diss.

teES 1 J 30"

91. P. athamanthoides (L’ Her. Ger. in ed. 47); “stem scarcely suf-
fruticose, erect; branches sub-herbaceous, angular; leaves appressedly
cinereo-tomentose, bi-pinnatisect, laciniate, the lobules linear-subulate,
acute; umbels compound.” DO. l.c.p.660.

92. P. confusum (DC. Prod. 1. p. 661); “stem shrubby; leaves glau-
cous, glabrous, decompound, segments cuneate, inciso-dentate, the lowest
divaricate ; the many-leaved involucre and the calyx ciliated.” P. san-
guineum, Willd., non Sw. “Near P. abrotanifolium and P. tenuifolium

(hirtum). DC. 1. ¢.”

1.p.659. Sw. Ger.t. 79. EB. & Z. Ger. premorsum, And. Rep. t
150. Drege 7476.

| vate, 3 ‘ Paes ar
pore lower, which are spathulate and white. Bepals # inch long or more.

Style and 7 fertile stamens elongate, declined. Drege, 7476 spon Sond.), partly

: or quite herbaceous, slender, diffuse, variously pubescent ; branches"

286 GERANIACER (Harv.) —[Pelurgonium

94. P. antidysentericum (E. & Z. 542); root very large and turnip-
shaped ; stems suffruticose (annually renewed 1), slender, multangular —
and striate, spreading, much-branched ; branches, filiform; leaves on *
slender petioles, reniform, deeply 3-5-lobed, or p the segments in- |
cised or 3-lobed and toothed, softly pubescent; stiprles small, subulate, —
hardening into recurved thorns ; peduncles short, spreading, 2-3 -flowered; nee
pedicels twice as long as the calyx-tube, which is striate, seabrid, and
about equalling the linear, acute segments. Drege, No. 7477!

Has, Kamiesberge, Namaqualand, £. ¢ Z./ Silverfontein, Drege/ (Herb. Sond.) ee

Roots, when full grown, the size of a man’s head. Stems numerous, 2 feet long aa
and more, weak and straggling ; leaves and flowers small. ‘‘This plant is called :
t namie by the aborigines, who boil the roots in milk and make use of them in dysen-
tery.” Pappe. I have not seen the flowers, which are said to be purplish ; the style
and fertile stamens longer than the calyx-segments. Does it belong to this section?
The foliage and ramification, but not the stipules, resembles those of P. patulum.

95. P. tetragonum (L’Her. Ger. t. 22); stem succulent, branches sub-
dichotomous, obtusely 4~—3-angled, distinctly jointed, smooth ; leaves —
few, on long, pilose petioles, reniform-cordate, carnose, erenato-lobulate, ==
sparsely villous ; stipules cordate, membranous, small, peduncles short, =
spreading, two-flowered, with 4 lanceolate bracts ; flowers nearly sessile,
the calyx-tube very long, sparsely setulose, the segments linear-lanceo- -
late, white-edged, and ciliate, acute, the upper broader. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 958. Pl. Grass. t. 96. Bot. Mag. t. 136. Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 132. Sw.
Ger.t.99. E.§ Z.! 544. Chorisma flavescens, E. § Z. 545- 6

Has. Introduced to land, 1 by F. Masson. Zou hoogde, near the
Zwartkops River, Uit., ea Zi iss Gedling, near the Gout River. (Herb. fs
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.). Leia aed

A remarkable species, readily known by its naked, square, succulent, often leafless
stems. The few leaves are 1-11 inch across. The flowers are of large size and gene-
rally 4-petalled, the two pper petals purplish and streaked, obovate, with long claws ;
the 2-3 lower not half as long, white and spathulate. J ¥

Sec. 7. MYRRHIDIUM. Stems slender, diffuse, biennial or suffru-—
ticose, rarely annual. Stipules foliaceous or membranous, withering. —
Leaves pinnatifid or pinnati-partite, Petals 4, rarely 5, the two upper-
most obovate or cuneate, much larger than the lower, which are linear.
a se membranous, strongly ribbed and mucronate, or taper-pointed. (Sp.

10.)

96. P. myrrhifolium (Ait. Kew. 1. vol. 2. p. 421); suffruticose at base

, more or less deeply pinnatifid or bi-~rnnatt-
the segments glabrous or pubescent, or villous, linear or cuneate,
somewhat channelled, deeply cut or again pinnatifid ; stipules
ily ovate, acuminate ; peduncles 2~6-flowered ; calyx-tube setulose,
aceolate, taper-pointed, strongly ribbed ; upper petals much

eader than the lower.
sum ; suffrutioose, glabrescent ; leaves bi-pinnatifid,

_ angular ; leaves ovate

Pelargonium.] GERANIACE (Harv.) 287

Var. 8. coriandrifolium ; herbaceous, vil/oso-pubescent, hecoming sub-
glabrous ; leaves bi-pinnatifid, with narrow-linear Jlattish segments ;
alyx-tube short ;
oe Treg I
Sw. Geret. 34.

Var. y. athamanthoides; herbaceous, willows ; leaves bi-pinnatifid
with linear-cuneate flat segments ; peduncles 5-6-flowered; calyx-tube
mostly elongate ; flowers large, white with purple streaks. P. athaman-
thides, LD Her. Ger. No. 47. DC, Prod. t.p. 660. E. § Z. 554.

Var. 6. intermedium ; flowers as in var. y.; leaves as in var.e. P.
athamanthoides, 8. glabrescens, Harv. in Herb. Hook. and 7.0.D.

Var. «. lacerum ; herbaceous, glabrescent; leaves bi-pinnatifid, with
~_ linear-cuneate, flat, deeply incised segments ; calyx-tube short ; flowers
smaller, rosy purple, with dark streaks. P.lacerum, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t.
532. DC. Prod. 1. p.657. E.d& 7.1555. Zey.! 2058. Drege! 7488.

‘Var. & Synnoti; leaves somewhat broader and less deeply cut than

in var. ¢; petals 4. Jenk. Synnoti, Sw. t. 342.

. Rar.t. 528. DC. Prod. 1. p. 657. E.& Z.! 556.

vers large, white, streaked with purple. P. cori-

Var. 7. pendulum ; swzfruticose, with long pendulous branches, hairy; *

leaves bi-pinnatifid, with broad, cut segments ; calyx-tube scarcely
longer than the segments ; fl. large, 4-petalled, rosy purple, with red
streaks. Jenk. pendula, Sw. Ger.t. 188. G, lacerum, Andr. Ger. cum ic.

Var. 6. betonicum; suffruticose at base, roughly pubescent ; leaves
more or less deeply pinnatifid, with broadly cuneate, coarsely toothed
or lobulate segménts ; calyx-tube short ; flowers: rather small, with
white, darkly streaked or rosy petals. P. betonicum, Jacq. Ic. t. 531.
Cav. Diss. t. 118. f.1. Hi. d& Z.! 548. P. tullatum, Jacq. Ic. t. 530.
DC. Prod. 1. p.657. E.&Z.! 549. Zey. 2060. P. myrrhifolium,

_DC.1c. P. anemonifolium, Jacq.! Ie. Rar. 535.

Var. x. longicaule; suffruticose at base, downy ; leaves inciso-pin-
natifid, the lobes broadly cuneate, inciso-dentate ; calyx tube long ; fi.
rather large, white or rosy. @. icaule, Jacq. t Te. Rar. t. 533+ De.
Prod. L657. £.¢Z.! 550. Zeyher, 2057.

" ‘Has. Common round Capetown and throughout the western districts ; several of
aeen often growing aaeses tos a. oe Cal., and Gauritz River,

97. P meltiscsie eed Te, Rar. ); stem herbaceous, weak
and straggling, ular, minutely seaberulous ; leaves ovate-oblong,
pinnatifid or pinnati-partite, glabrous or nearly £0, with remote, narrow-
cuneate, incised or sub-pinnatifid segments ; stipules broadly ovate,

acuminate ; peduncles 5—r1o0-flowered ; calyx-tube setulose, equalling or

exceeding the lanceolate, acuminate, ribbed and setulous segments;
upper petals scarcely longer than the sepals. DC.l¢.658. ‘ zt a =

552-553 Drege, 7486, a, 7487. Zey. 2056.
Has. Fields near the Zwartkop’s River, Uit., and the Fish River,
ee Benth., Sond.).

*

288 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) — [Pelargonium.

Chiefly known from P. Myrrhifolium by its more angular and glabrous stems, and
the more distant and narrow, nearly glabrous leaf-segments. The calyx-tube rarely
| equals the sepals in length ; the petals are rosy purple, with dark streaks. The
flowers are sOmetimes very numerous. I retain this species, chiefly because it seems —
to be confined to the eastern districts, while P. myrrhifolium is quite a western plant. —
Drege’s 7486, a. (Herb. Sond.) quite agrees with the ordinary plant; his 7486, },
(Herb. Hook.) has a calyx-tube thrice as long as the sepals.

98. P. urbanum (E. & Z.! 546); stem herbaceous, weak and strag-
gling, tomentose; leaves pinnatifid or bi-pinnatifid, pubescent or canes-
cent on both surfaces, the lobes broadly linear or acute, crenate or
bluntly lobulate ; stipules broadly ovato-cordate, obtuse or mucronulate,
green, sub-persistent ; peduncles hairy, 3—5-flowered, with obtuse bracts;
calyx-tube hispidulous, longer or shorter than the lanceolate, mucronate, ol
ribbed and hispid sepals. Drege, 7485. Zey. 2089.

Var. «. pinnatifidum ; leaves pinnatifid, segments broadly cuneate,
toothed ; calyx-tube shorter than the sepals.

Var. 9. bi-pinnatifidum ; leaves bi-pinnatifid, segments broadly
_ linear, lobulate ; calyx tube donger than the sepals. P. anemonifolium,
E. & Z.! 551, non Jacq.

Has. On sand hills and in dry places among shrubs. Var a. Near Uitenhage,
E.& Z.! Port Elizabeth, Zeyher/ Drege! Var. 8. Near Cape L’Aguilhas, £. & Z./
Cape Flats, Dr. Pappe! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.). ‘

Well distinguished from P. myrrhifolium by its roundish-cordate, obtuse stipules
and softer pubescence. The two varieties differ in the degree of leaf-incision and
length of calyx-tube; both very variable characters. P. anemonifolium, Jacq.! ac-
cording to the original in Herb. Vind.! is a var. of P. myrrhifolium.

99. P. candicans (Spreng. Syst. 3. p. 57); suffruticose, slender, dif-
fusely branched ; branches pubescent and hispid ; leaves on long
petioles, canescent and silky on both sides, ovate-oblong, cordate at base,
more or less 3-lobed and crenulate, the basal lobes short, rounded, the
middle lobe ovate, cuneate at base, sometimes lobulate; stipules ovate,
acuminate ; peduncles 2-3-flowered, with downy bracts; calyx-tube
setulous, shorter than the lanceolate, acuminate ribbed and setulous
sepals ; upper petals not twice as long as the calyx. H. & Z./ 547-
Zey.! 2061, 2062. Drege, 7484.

_ Has. Between Swellendam and Kochman’skloof, Z. & Z./ Assagaiskloof, and be-
tween the Zwarteberg and River Zonderende, C. Zeyher. Hills near the Karmelks
River, Drege! (Herb. Sond., Hook., Benth.).

___ Stems weak, it, the upper branches with very long internodes,

i lamina, which is variously cut, sometimes

id

Pelargonium. | GERANIACE (Harv.) 289

5-ribbed, the narrower sub-acute, one-ribbed ; petals obovate, sub-equal.
DC. Prod. 1. p.660. Sw, Ger.t. 327. E.d& Z.1 559. P. phellandrium,

E. Mey.! Zey. 183.

Has. Cape District, at Tigerberg, &c., E. § Z.! Cape Flats, Dr. Pappe! Berg Buel
Valley and Langevalley, Zeyher! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

A much-branched, diffuse annual, 1-2 feet high, with dense, roughish, glandular g
pubescence. The upper leaves are simply pinnatifid or merely incised and much up
smaller than the rest. The flowers are white, with red streaks on the outside, and
the two upper petals, which are very broad, have a dark spot at the base and on the
claw. Drege’s 7482, seems to be a dwarf state of this species, with larger calyces
than usual.

[Species of Myrrhidium unknown to me.]

101. P. caucalifolium (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 529) ; “stem herbaceous,
biennial, hairy ; leaves bi-pinnatifid, the lobes linear, glabrescent ; pe-
duncles one-flowered.” DC. Prod. 1. p. 658. Petals white or flesh-
coloured, with red veins.

Sec. 8. PERISTERA, Stems herbaceous, diffuse, slender, annual or
perennial, Leaves lobed or pinnatifid. Stipules membranous. Flowers
minute! Petals sub-equal, scarcely longer than the calyx-segments.
Fertile stamens 5. (These resemble Gerania and Erodia in habit.) (Sp.
102-108.)

102. P. grossularioides (Ait. Hort. Kew. 1. vol, 2. p.42); herbaceous,
glabrous, pubescent or villous, many-stemmed ; stems angular and fur.
- rowed ; leaves on long petioles, roundish-cordate, crenate, more or less

deeply 3~5-lobed or 3—5-parted, with cuneate, deeply cut lobes ; ; stipules
deltoid, acuminate ; peduncles filiform, 3-8- flowered, with lanceolate
bracts ; ; calyx-tube funnel or trumpet-shaped, short or long, sepals ovato-
lanceolate, acuminate, nerved, nearly as long as the minute petals. P.
grossularioides and P. anceps, DC. Le. 660. £.GZ! ee ——

&. TID FG i aa A ee

VaR. a. anceps; nearly plabrouss fies sl roundish ordat. = 0
nate or with shallow lobes. Ger. anceps, Jacq. Coll: 4.4.23. f. 3. P. fel
nummulariefolia, E. § Z.! Drege, 7466, 6895. ; Gf

Var. 8. columbinum ; pilose or glabrescent ; leaves Pale partite, ) Sle a
with deeply incised segments. P. columb. Jacq. "‘Schoenb. t. <3. DC" Re
1. ¢. 654. poe eae P. micropetalum, E, Mey.! — :
escent or sub-canescent ae ir

er So, eee we bee DC. Lec
Z! a aise, ris Ze. a Bebe ?P. clandestinum, LD Her. Hot
f. Fl. Nov. Zeal. 1. p. 41. P. brevirostre, BE. Mey.!

Var. 6, iocastum; whole plant sericeo-pilose ; the pedicels of the
flowers and the calyx-tube much longer and more slender than usual ;
flowers purplish or white, larger than in var, y. P. tocastum, E.& Zz. L
P. mutabilis, E. Mey.! Drege, 7464, 7465. :

fas. In moist throughout the Colony. Var. 8. in places,
sides of Talbagh I, Worcester, E.¢Z.! (Herb, T.C.D., Hoek. Beay onthe ;
__ A vary variable plant with minute, purple or white flowers. The above varietios
to me to run, one into the other, and others —, be a with i
———

290 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

103. P. altheoides (L’Her. Ger. t. 10); perennial, many-stemmed ;
stems herbaceous, slender, diffuse, terete, with very long internodes,
canescent and downy ; leaves often opposite, on very long petioles, ob-
tusely cordate, somewhat 5—7-lobed, the lobes rounded, crenato-dentate,
silky above, densely albo-tomentose and veiny underneath ; stipules mem-
branous, deltoid ; peduncles filiform, 6-8-flowered, with lanceolate bracts
and very short pedicels; calyx densely villoso-tomentose, the tube twice
as long as the segments; flowers minute. DC.1.c. 655. E. & Z./ 560.
P. fragrans, E, Mey.! non Willd. Drege, 7452, 7470. Zey.! 2063.

Has. Kamiesberg, Namaqualand, £. & Z.! Uienvalei, Drege! also Wildchutz-
berg, Stormberg, and Witberg, Caffraria, Drege. (Herb., T.C.D., Benth., Sond.)

Apparently a distinct species, with soft, albo-tomentose leaves, like those of an
Abutilon or Althea, All parts white-hairy, Flowers like those of P. grossularioides.
Zeyher’s 2063, (from Zwarteberg) is less tomentose than usual, but is nearer this
oe ten 3 anything else. The specimen in Herb. Banks, a garden one, is also

men .

104. P. chamedryfolium (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 523); annual or biennial,
many-stemmed, procumbent; stems angular, hairy ; leaves on long,
hairy petioles, oblong, 3-lobed at base or pinnatifid, obtuse, pubescent or
hairy, denticulate ; stipules membranous, broadly subulate ; peduncles
filiform, hairy, 4-8-flowered ; pedicels longer than the hispid calyx-tube,
which is shorter than the oblong-acute sepals ; flowers small. DC. Prod.
1.p.654. Erodium maritimum, E. & Z.! No. 452, non aliorum.

Has. Sandy and dry hills, about Wynberg, &., W.H.H. Simon’s Bay. C. Wright!
(Herb. Jacq., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

_ More robust than P. grossularioides, with more oblong leaves, larger flowers, espe-
cially a longer calyx, with broadly oblong sepals. Internodes distant. The leaves
vary from exactly elliptic-oblong to 3-lobed, or even pinnatifid, on different parts of
the same plant. The minute petals are a fine purple. E. & Z.! have confounded
this plant with Frodium maritimum.

105. P. parvulum (DC. Prod. 1. p. 660) ; annual or biennial, herba-
ceous, densely pubescent ; stems angular; leaves on long petioles, oblong-
cordate, obtuse, crenate, simple or inciso-pinnatifid, with cut lobes ; stipules
deltoid-acuminate; peduncles filiform, 4—6-flowered ; flowers minute,

_ pedicellate with a very short calyx-tube and elliptic-oblong, albo-marginate
sepals, equalling the petals. P. nanum, L’Her. in Hb, Banks! P. hu-
mifusum, Willd.! P. procumbens, E. Mey.! Herb. Drege, non DC.; also —

Drege, 7469. +

Has, Cape, Masson! Silverfontein, Namaqualand, and at Drakensteen, Drege!

_ Herb, Willd., Banks., Hook., T.C.D., Sond.) 3

Smaller than P. chamvedryfolium, with more oblong leaves than P. grossularivides,
which it more particularly differs in the sepals. chin De Candolle remarks,
ect of Hrodium maritimwm, but that the leaves are more deeply cut. Possibly
only a starved state of P. chamedryfolium ?

(L’Her.! in Herb. Banks); annual or biennial,
anescent ; stems angular, diffuse; leaves on long
rtite, the segments linear, entire or cut,
peduncles shorter than the petiole,
ite, with a very short or obsolete

i ac

white and silky sepals, a8 long

samenacnmaguanontedeeet AEE

Pelargonium] GERANIACE (Harv.) 2042.

as the petals. P. parvulum, BE. & Z.! 568, non DC. P. columbinum,
E. Mey.! non Jacg. Zey.! 159, 161.

Has. Karroo, between Beaufort and Graaf Reynet, 7. & Z.! Bitterfontein,
Zeyher. Nieuweveldsberg, Sneeuweberg, 6000 f.; and near the Gareep, 4200 f.,
Drege! Graaf Reynet, Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. Banks, T.C.D., Hook., Sond.). ©

A straggling small plant with leaves like those of Geraniwm incanum. The petals
are “bright crimson.” The calyx-tube is sometimes nearly obsolete, when the plant
almost becomes an Erodiwm, to which genus Zeyher referred his specimens.

[Species of Peristera unknown to me.]

107. P. clavatum (L’Her. ined.); “stems herbaceous, erect, puberu-
lent; leaves reniform, obsoletely lobed, dentato-crenate ; umbels many-
flowered ; calyx-tube clavate, twice as long as the acuminate segments.”
DC. Prod. t.p. 660. (C.B.S., Sonnerat.)

108. P. distans (L’Her. ined.); “stems herbaceous, erect, 4-angled,
glabrous ; leaves remote, sub-rotund, 5-lobed, glabrous, the uppermost
inciso-lacerate ; umbels densely many-flowered, on very long peduneles.”
DC. l. ¢. p. 660. (C.B.S., Sonnerat.)

Sec. 9. CAMPYLIA. Root thickened, but scarcely tuberous. Stems
short, suffruticose at base, simple or slightly divided. Leaves crowded,
on long petioles, ovate, oblong, lanceolate or linear, toothed or lacerate.
Stipules membranous, subulate, often bifid. Peduneles branched. Flowers
on long pedicels. _Peta/s unequal, the two upper shortly and broadly
obovate, somewhat eared at base. Fertile stamens 5; two of the sterile
ones frequently hooked. Filaments mostly pubescent. (Sp. 109-116.)

109. P. ovale (Burm. Cap. 19) ; villoso-canescent and silky ; stem
short, sub-simple, scaly and tomentose ; leaves on long petioles, ellip-
tical, or oblong, or ovate, or sub-rotund, obtuse or acute, crenate, penni-
nerved, canescent or tomentose on both sides; stipules deltoideo-subu-—
late, bifid, rufous; peduncles branched, the partial elongate, few or
many-flowered ; calyx-tube shorter than the pedicel ; sepals villoso-
canescent, elliptico-lanceolate, mucronate ; staminal tube mostly hairy.
Ger. ovatum, cn Diss. t. 103. f.3. P. eriostemon, Jacq. Schoenb. t. 132.
P. trichostemon, Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 524. P. blattariwm, Jacy. Schoenb. t.
131. Sw. Ger. t. 88. P.verbasciflorum, DC, . Sw.Ger.t.157. P.ho-
losericeum, Sw. Ger. t.75 (hybrid). Ger. tomentosum, Andr. Rep. t. 115.
Campylia cana, Sw. Ger. t. 114. P. scaposum, §¢., DC. Prod. 1. p. 656.

, Cav. Diss. t. 103.f, 2; non Andr.

blattarium ; leaves albo-tomentose, sub-rotund or oval ;_pe-
duncles and calyces very villous. #.&Z.! 571. Zey.! 2072.
Var. 8. veronicefolium ; leaves lanceolate-oblong, silky, sub-canes-
cent, E.d& Z.! 572. as
Var. y. Dregei; dwarf, thinly canescent, without villosity. P.scapo-
som nike ee

Var. a.

. canum, E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege. Teoeae
Var. 8. ovatum; copiously villous; leaves mostly ovate, acute o
obtuse, unequally toothed; flowers bright purple. Camp. cana, E.
Z.! 570. Drege, 7472! P. ovale, P Her, t.28. DC. Prod. 1. p. 666.

- the leaves, 3-4-flowered ; pedicels not much longer than the calyx-tube,

= toothed towards the upper extremity or entire, thinly canescent, with
-Tainute, 2 Seaes hairs ; stipules subulate from a broad base, silky;

Bek POO

292 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) | Pelargonium.

Has. On dry hills and among bushes. Hassagaiskloof and Breede River, Swell.,
and Krum River, George, #. & 7./ Langekloof, Drege! Uitenhage, £. § Z.! Drege!
Albany, Dr. Stanger! &c. (Herb. Jacq., T.C.D., Hook., Sond., Banks.).

Variable in size of leaf and flower, in the amount of pubescence, and partly in the ;
form of leaf and sepals. ° Still, after carefully considering’ the figures and descrip- __
tions above quoted, and comparing with Jacquin’s original specimens, and with many
others from various collectors, I find it impossible to recognize, among the forms
before me, more than a single species. The flowers vary from white, with dark
blotches, to pale purple, and to deep purple with blotches. Burman’s specific name —
ovale deserves to be restored, not merely for its antiquity, but for its appropriateness.

110. P. elegans (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 655); stem short, thick, sub-simple,
scaly; leaves on long hairy petioles, sub-rotund or oval, rigid, coarsely
toothed, glabrous or sparsely hairy above, the nerves strigose; stipules __
deltoid-acuminate, pubescent ; peduncles branched, the partial long and ~
villous 4—6-flowered ; the long pedicels, short ealyx-tube and lanceolate
sepals villous. DC. Prod. i.p.666. Andr. Rep. t.28. Sw. Ger. t. 36.
Camp. eriostemon, E. § Z.! 569, non Jacq. i

Has. Early introduced to Europe. Near Cape L’Aguilhas, E.G Z./ (Herb.
Hook., Benth., Sond.). hy

Nearly allied to P. ovale, especially to our var. y, but the leaves are broader and
rounder, more rigid, more decidedly toothed, and the pubescence is thin, and hispid,
not silky. The stamens aredowny. The flowers are large, a purplish rose-colour
in our wild specimens ; white, suffused with purple and streaked, in the cultivated. x

111. P. @notheree (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 525); whole plant canescent; stem
short, sub-simple, scaly ; leaves mostly shorter than the petioles, lan-

ceolate or linear-oblong, cuneate or obtuse at base, toothed ; stipules
adnate, subulate, divergent ; peduncles branched, the partial longer than es

which is shorter than the broadly lanceolate, densely pubescent sepals.
DC. Prod, 1. p.656. Camp. cartilaginea, E. § Z.! 573. P. elatum, E.
Mey.! in Hb. Drege, non DC. Drege, 7473.

Has. Cult. 1796. Piquetberg, Stell., H.& Z.! Ezelsbank, 34000 f., and between
Bergvallei and Langevallei, Drege/ (Herb. Jacq.! T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Nearly related to P. coronopifolium, but the leaves are shorter, more equally
toothed throughout, and not tapering much at base ; the flowers also are smaller and
the calyx-tube very short. Petals rosy purple. In Herb. Banks! is a specimen
from Masson with longer and broader, more coarsely toothed leaves ; 4-5-flowered
umbels and longer pedicels ; the general pubescence less canescent than usual.

112. P. coronopifolium (Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 526); stem short, sub-simple,
scaly ; leaves narrow-lanceolate or linear, tapering greatly at the base, acute,

.

uncles branched, the partial shorter than the leaves, 2—3-flowered ;
ls four times as long as the short calyx-tube, whose pubescence,

that of the lanceolate sepals is reflexed ; upper petals obovate.

+ p-656. G. angustifolium, L’Her. in Hb. Banks.

are ; leaves narrow-linear, sub-entire, with sub-revolute
care, L’Her.in Hb Banks. P.angustissimum, E. Mey.!

ij Se

Has. B ia inhi

Gift-berg, Drege! Var. a a att me Ezelbank; and on the

oe! Cee:

aidinies

*

AA

"

2 Pelargonium] GERANIACE (Harv.) 293

‘ Readily known by its long, very narrow, tapering, scarcely canescent leaves. They
vary a little in breadth and in the toothing of the margin. The flowers are a bright,
violet purple. ‘uit

“118, P. tricolor (Cart. Bot. Mag. t. 240); stem shrubby, short, Branch-

_ ing, diffuse, rough with the debris of old leaves ; leaves on long, slender
petioles, villoso-canescent, lanceolate or oblong, inciso-dentate or lobed ;
stipules subulate, adnate ; peduncles branching, the partial 2—3-flowered;
bracts subulate; flowers on long pedicels, the calyx-tube shorter than
the lanceolate-acuminate, villous sepals. DC. Prod. 1. p.657. Sw. Ger.
t. 43. £.&Z.! 576. P.violarium, Jacq. Ic. Rar.t. 527. P. elatum, Sw.
Gers t. 96. DC.l.c. H.& Z.! 577.
__-Var. 8. concolor ; the lower petals rosy-purple. P. capillare, E. § Z.!
No. 575. Zey.! 185. (vix. Cav. Diss. t. 97. f. 1.)

Has. Early introduced to England. Near the Gauritz River, Swell., Z. & Z./
Var. B. in the Winterhoek’s berg, Tulbagh, Z.&Z./ Witsenberg, Zeyher. (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

Stem divided near the base into several tufted, sub-simple branches, 3~12 inches
long. Whole plant covered with soft, short, appressed silky hairs which are often
white; young branches and peduncles often villous. The two upper petals are gene-
rally a very dark red, the 3 lower white ; sometimes the upper are coloured at the

_ base only, where there is always a darker spot, rough with small tubercles. Our

- var. 8. seems merely to differ in the colour of the petals and the starved condition
of stem and leaves. It scarcely answers to the P. capillare, which is only known by
Burman’s figure and description, copied by Cavanilles.

[Species of Campylia unknown to me.]
114. P. dichondreefolium (DC. Prod. 1. p. 656); “stem suffruticose,

erect ; leaves reniform, crenulate, canescent; peduncles 5-flowered ;
upper petals obovate, lower oblong. Burch. Cat. 3084.

115. P. carinatum (Sw. Ger. t. 21); “stem suffruticose, ascending ;
leaves ovate, unequally toothed and cut ; stipules carinate ; peduncles
2-4-flowered ; upper petals oval, undulate, sub-emarginate.” DC. l. c.

P6572" . we ¢

116. P. capillare (Willd. 3. p.660); “stem suffruticose, short ; leaves
lanceolate, deeply pinnatifid, pubescent ; peduncles 2-flowered. Ger.
capillare, Cav, Doss. t. 97. f. 1. =

Sec, 10. DIBRACHYA. Stem succulent, weak and much branched.
Leaves fleshy, peltate or cordate, 5-7-lobed. Stipules broadly ovate,
membranous. lowers pedicellate. Petals unequal, all obovate. Fer-
tile stamens 7 ; the two uppermost very short. Zvy-leaved. (Sp. 117-118.)

“117. P. peltatum (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p.427); stem shrubby, branches

angular, weak and straggling ; leaves glabrous or pubescent, fleshy, pel-
_ tate, radiately 5-nerved below, bluntly 5-angled or lobed, with very.

entire margins ;— SS elongate, 4-8-flowered ; pedicels mostly

shorter than the slender calyx-tube, which is 2-3 times longer than the __

acuminate, nerved segments ; petals twice as long as the calyx. DC.
Prod. I. Dp. 666. Cav. Diss. t. 100. f. 1. Bot. Mag. t.20. P. seu ei
DC. Sw. Ger. t. 95. — | ot

294 GERANIACES (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

i ree ee nares re eee)

' Var. a. glabrum; glabrous or nearly so; flowers purplish-pink. D. ;
peltata, E. 2.1 578. Zey.! 2075.

| Var. 8. scutatum; leaves and stems thinly lacey; ; sibs villows 3
flowers white, large, with purple streaks. £.§Z.! 579... ES

i

| Var. y. eclypeatum ; whole plant pubescent. D. cypeat, 2 B. LBA

| 580. Drage, 7459. ay é
L i Has. Among shrubs, in sheltered places, a, Swellendam, at the B
} (| xe! Gauritz Rivers, FE. 4 Z./ 8. Zwartekop’s River, HZ. ¢ Z./ Albany, and. Cafiit
i ‘a Dr. Gill. Port Natal, Dr“Sutherland!s ry. Sondags River, E. § Z./ (Herb. T.
i / / Hook., Sond.). :
| / All the above varieties grow intermixed and seem to run together. The pubes-
t cence is specially variable in quantity, and the flowers vary from white to red, and —
’ from large to small, Several garden varieties are cultivated as ‘ Jvy-leaved Gera- —

nium,

118. P. lateripes (L’Her. Ger. t. 24); “stem shrubby ; branches
fleShy, terete ; leaves cordate, 5-lobed, plese. es eid
umbels many-flowered. > D0.ive. p- 666.

Has. Cultivated in England, since 1807. (v.yv.c.)

Very like the preceding, cg ean nev manera ES
which is therefore ‘‘ cordate,” weit ** peltate.” I have seen no wild cement

Sec. 11. EVMORPHA. “tcp slender, suffruticose or herbaceous.
Leaves on very long petioles, palmately 5-7-nerved, reniform, lobed or
palmatifid. Stipules free, ovate or lanceolate. Peduncles elongate.
Petals wnequal, the two upper broad. Fertile stamens 7 ; i the; 3 Bppet
shorter. (Sp. 119-125.) ea:

1 Ghia W adilialioes, Glos ool pleaser: gs cesta (Sp. 119-

122.).

119. P. grandiflorum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 674); penkie sae sa
glaucous ; leaves on long petioles, palmately. 5-7-nerved, deeply 5°
lobed, the lobes coarsely toothed ; stipules ovate, mucronate ; :
cles about 3-flowered ; calyx-tube 3-4 times as long as the lanceolate seg- *
ments, which are } as long as the petals. DC. Prod. 1. tak Duge leg &

Bal ‘Drege, 7457. Andr. Rep. t.12. Sw. GeP t. 29.
Has. Introduced to d, 1794, Masson! Gift + (Herb. Banks.,
_ -Hook., Benth., a oe a a
Pee Like P. saniculeefolium, but the leaves are not zoned, the flowers ee si
ee em sve

variegatum (Willd. Sp. 1.¢.); “ iain glaucous
almati-partite, the segments trifid, toothed ; stipules ovate-cor-
te _peduncles 2-flowered, the calyx-tube 6 times as long as the
which are ' as long as the petals.” DC. 1. penis Oe FP epaNr ite, .
305. Cav. Diss. t. 118. f. 3.

toe

one 3-

“mately 5-7-n
— ee seers ™

|

Pelargonium.| _—- GERANIACE (Harv.) 295

4-5-flowered ; flowers on long pedicels, the calyx-tube about as long as
the lanceolate segments, which are half as long as the petals. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 668. P. cortusefolium, Jacg.! Ic. Rar. t. 539. G. tabulare, Cav. Diss.
t. 100, f. 2. EB. & Z./ 602, 603, gh Drege, 7456. Zey. 191. P. fus-
catum, Jacg.! Te. t. 540. DC. Prod. lee.
Has. About Table Mountain and Hott. Holl., also on Tulbagh Mt., Z.& Z./
W.H.H., &. (Herb. Jacq., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.}.
_. A much-branched bush with glaucous stems and foliage, either wholly glabrous,
_ or with a few scattered bristles, especially about the calyx. Flowering branches
mostly panicled. Upper petals obovate, much longer than the lower. Nearly allied
to P. grandi iflorum, but the flowers are much smaller and the calyx-tube na
Jacquin’s P, fuscatwm, of which I have examined the original specimens, does not
materially differ. é

122. P. patulum (Jacq. Te, Rar. t. 54.1); suffruticose, flexuous, slender,

glabrous and.glaucous ; leaves on long petioles, palmately 5- -7-nerved,
3-5-lobed or parted, ‘the lobes coarsely toothed or cut; stipules cordate,

acuminate, entire or toothed, ciliolate; peduncles slender, 2-3-flowered ;
pedicels shorter than the slender, curved calyxe-tube, which is 2-3 times longer
than the lanceolate sepals ; petals twice as long as the sepals, DC. Prod.
1. p.668. Humorphia variegata, E. § Z.! 606, also 605, 607, 608.

Var. a. latilobum; leaves with 3-5 broad, shallow, toothed lobes.
Lum. marmorata, #. variegata and E. cataracte, E. & Z. /

Var. B. tenuilobum ; leaves 3- -5-parted, with deeply incised and
sharply toothed and cut segments. Hum. tenuiloba, EB. & Z.! 607.

Has. Mountain sides, western districts, Hott. Holl., Tulbaghsberg._ Puspas
Valley, Swell., and Gnadendahl, Z.4@Z./ (Herb. T.C.D., ’Hook., Sond.)
~ Much shrubby, more slender, with smaller leaves and flowers than P. sanicu- _

leefolium ; and certainly distinct though the differences seem small. Our two varieties
chiefly differ in the degree of incision of the leaf, which varies in different specimens.
Sr a there are a few bristles on the calyx and nerves of the leaf.
_ [Poubtful species of this sub-section ; describe from
garden specimens ; very probably hybrids 4q :

F; albiflorum (Spin. Cat. 1818. p. 30); DC. ye i p. 5 6p.

P. Curtisianum (Balb. & Spin. Cat.); DC. Prod. 1. c.

P. Colle (Spin. Cat. 1818. p. 31); DC. lc.
oe. —— be «se = p. 30); DC. lc.

by mle lg Aicoen, sadancce Flowers subsessile. (Sp. 123-125.)

ta 123. P. alchemilloides (Willd. 3. p. 656); perennial, diffuse, many-
3 ed, pubescent ; stems furrowed, leaves on very long ~

od eas, 7D ed, reniform, 5-7-lobed, the lobes rounded or cuneate,
crenate or toothed ; stipules cordate-ovate, acute ; peduncles long,
: 4-6-flowered ; flowers sub-sessile, the calyx-tube many times
longer than the narrow-lanceolate, striate segments. DC. l. ¢, eer ie
tr *, Cas: Dis. 2.98.7) 3. se
Var. «. dentatum ; softly ——— or "villous ; the leaves ee]

ha.”

we

296 GERANIACEE (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

Urges Dany lobed or sub-partite, with cuneate, bluntly toothed lobes. P. alchemil-
, loides, E.§ Z.! 592. P. articulatum, E. & Z.! 594. P. geranioides, B.
& Z.! 595. Zeyher, 2076, 2077. '

Var. @. aphanoides; softly pubescent or villous; the leaves with
shallow, rounded lobes, crenate or crenato-dentate. P. aphanoides, E.
&£Z.! 590. P. dimidiatum, E.§ Z.! 591. Drege, 7462.

; Var. y.? ranunculifolium ; strigoso-pubescent, harsh ; the leaves
| thicker than usual, deeply lobed, marked with a purplish circle, with
toothed lobes. P. ranunculophyllum, E. & Z.! 593. Drege, 7458.
Has. Hill sides among bushes, throughout the Colony and in Caffirland. Vars.
a. and 8. common. -y. at the Klipplaat and Zwart Key Rivers, Caffraria, E & Z./
* Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).
There is a short woody, perennial root-stock, from which spring several weak,
annual stems 1-2 feet long or more, with distant nodes ; the petioles are usually
much longer than the lamina. Pubescence (except in y.) copious and soft. The
flowers are small, pale-rosy, with or without spots.

124. P. malvefolium (Jacq. f. Eccl. t. 97); stems suffruticose, slen-
der; branches weak and straggling, hairy, herbaceous, with distant
nodes ; leaves on long petioles, cordate at base, roundish, 5-lobed, hairy
on both sides, with short, coarsely-toothed lobes ; stipules small, ovate,
acute, hairy, withering ; peduncles long, 5~8-flowered; flowers sub-
sessile, the slender calyx tube 3-4 times longer than the lanceolate,
acute, hairy segments ; petals sub-egual, narrow obovate, blood-red, with
darker lines. DC. Prod. 1. p. 654, P. lateritium and P. cynobastifolium,
Willd. ? DC. le.

Only known to me by Jacquin’s figure and description. It seems to have very
much uf the habit of P. alchemilloides, especially of our var. +.

125. P. tabulare (L’ Her. Ger. t. 9) ; perennial, diffuse, many-stem-
med, pilose ; stems herbaceous, angular; leaves on long petioles 5-7:
nerved, reniform, 5~7-lobed, the lobes rounded and crenate ¥ stipules

flowered, with ciliate bracts ; flowers sub-sessile, the calyx tubes much
longer than the narrow-lanceolate, striate, often glandular segments.
DC. Prod. 1. p. 660. P. elongatum, Cav. Diss. t. 101. 7.3. B.&Al |
602. Drege, 7463. Ger. tabulare, Linn. Sp. 947, non Burm., nec Cav. ~
, __Has. Common about Table Mountain, &c., near Cape Town. (Herb. T.C.D.,
he Hook., Sond.) =
(93 Very like P. alchemilloides, but readily known by its narrow and bristle-fringed
ipule: ae but not constantly, marked with a purplish circle
shoe. Flowers small, pale, with narrow petals.

GLAUCOPHYLLUM. Shrubs. Leaves carnose ; the lami
88 perfectly articulated with the petiole, simple or tti-partite.
ous. Petals unequal, the two upper broad. Fertile
oe .

Ger. t. 29); suffruticose, brittle, glabrous

te, leaflet articulated to the petiole, lan-
mes incised), somewhat fleshy ; sti-

owered ; pedicels very short,

__ pules_subulate; pedr

lanceolate, rigidly ciliate ; peduncles long, glabrous, or sub-pilose, 4—-6-— cs

ee nn ea

ge.) Cee JR arn: werner. orereN ee ns. ae eT eae

gl er

-qbove: having the hibit-of Pv
ie eee eect of °s in Herb. Holm.

Pelargonium. | GERANIACEE (Harv?) 297

the calyx tube 3-4 times as long as the lanceolate segments. DC.
Prod. 1. p. 666. Sw. Ger. t. 57. Andr. Ger. cum ic. G. lanceolatum,
Cav. Diss. t. 102. f. 2. Bot. Mag. t. 56. Drege, 9515. G. cuspidatum,
Willd. ! P. diversifolium, Wendl.

Has, 8. Africa, Niven / Forsyth! Drege! (Herb. Sond., Benth.).

Stem rather woody, erect, with few branches ; the nodes distant and easily
breaking asunder wheat “dry. Leaves, in cultivated specimens, often irregularly la-
ciniate. Flowers white, the two upper petals with a red blotch. The leaves and
stipules vary in breadth, but not much in form. Willdenow’s P. cuspidatum/
(Herb. Berol., 12,447) is one of the many garden varieties with incised leaves.

127. P. levigatum (Willd. 3. p. 685) ; suffruticose, brittle, glabrous,
and glaucous ; leaves trifoholate, the leaflets articulated with the petiole,
narrow-lanceolate or linear, fleshy, either quite entire, incised, trifid, or sub-
pinnatifid ; stipules subulate ; peduncles short, 2-flowered ; pedicels very
short, the calyx tube 3-4 times as long as the lanceolate segments. DC.
Prod. 1. p. 667. Cav. Diss. t. 121. f. 1. E. & Z. 609.

Var. 8. oxyphyllum ; leaflets quite entire, P. oryphyllum, DC. l. c.

Has. Near Onzer, George, Drege! Langekloof, H. dé Z./ var. 8. Ezelbank, 4000f.
Drege! (Herb, T.C. Ti, Hook., Sond. )

Readily known by its trifoliolate, fleshy, glaucous and mealy leaves, which, how-
ever, vary considerably in breadth and incision. I find it impossible to separate
P. oxyphyllum, DC. ; on the same branch there are often both simple and divided
leaflets. ‘Be specimens (our var. 8.) are somewhat stronger and more mealy
than usual.

128. P. divaricatum (Thunb. ! Fl. Cap. p. 525); shrubby, slender,
erect, much branched, glabrous or roughly puberulous ; leaves on short
petioles, trifoliolate, the leaflets trifid, with simple or tricuspidate, patent,
glabrous or scabrous, fleshy, channelled, acute lobes ; stipules cordate,
acuminate ; ; peduncles very short, 1-2- flowered ; ; pedicels very short,
the nearly glabrous calyx-tube 2-3 times longer than the praca lan- :
ceolate segments. DC. Prod 1. p. 682. 3

Var. « glabrum ; glabrous or ney 80, Pp. -fruticosum. £. iy. 1
in Hb. Drege, non Willd.

Var. 8. scabrum; branches and leaves rough with Sai points,

gph 7461.

‘A much-branched, prev or ‘bush, ab ReD. Hook, Sond half herbaceous
r but in stipules and compound

In Herb. Banks is a collected by Nelson, marked i in L’Heretier’s writing,
“G@. fruticonem, Cav. crithmifolium, L’Her.”

129. P. ternatum (Jacq. ! Ic. t. 544); suffruticose, erect, virgate,
scabrous and pubescent ; leaves on short petioles, trifoliolate, the leaflets
cuneate, concave, somewhat fleshy, hispid and scabrous, the lateral often —

trifid, the terminal deeply 3-lobed, all toothed at the truncate summit; —

stipules ovato-lanceolate, sometimes cut ; peduncles short, 1-2-flowered ;

pedicels shorter than the calyx tube, which equals or exceeds the
ceolate hispid segments. DC. Prod. 1. p. 678. Cav. Dime: t. 107
Bot. Mag. t. 413. Sw. Ger. t.165. £. ee Aa

a _ flexuous; leaves petiolate, rowndish, 5-7 lobulate, crenate, glabrous,
_ oned ; stipules broadly cordate; peduncles long, many-flowered ; pe-

298 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [Pelargonium

Has. Cult. in England, 1789. Mountains near Mr. Joubert’s farm, Cannaland,
Swell., #.& Z./ (Herb. Banks., Sond., Jacq.)

A slender and brittle suffrutex, allied to P. levigatum, but scabrous, with less
fleshy and broader leaflets. Flowers pink, the lower petals narrow spathulate, upper
obovate. The leaves vary much in pubescence and degree of incision. Nelson’s
specimen in Herb. Banks is much rougher than E, & Z.’s, and agrees better withJac-
quin’s figure.

130. P. spinosum (Willd. Sp. 3. p. 681); shrubby, divaricate, gla-
brous or nearly so ; leaves articulated to the long, divergent, rigid petio-
les, 3~5-nerved, broadly cuneate or triangular, somewhat 3-fid, or 3-lobed,
with toothed lobes ; the old petioles and the persistent subulate stipules
hardening into spines; peduncles 4—-6-flowered ; pedicels elongate,
equalling the straight calyx tube, which exceeds the lanceolate, acum1-
nate segments. DC. Prod. 1. p. 661. :

Has. Cult. 1796. Cape, Forsyth? Between Kaus, Natvoet and Doornpoort,
Namaqualand, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Benth., Sond.). ;

A spreading shrub, remarkable for the 3-4 inch long, spinous, persistent petioles
and spinous }~4 inch long stipules. Leaves 1 inch across, at first imperfectly, af-
terwards fully articulated with the petiole. Petals very narrow.

Sxor. 13. CICONIUM. Stem shrubby, thick and succulent. Leaves
obovate, or roundish-cordate or reniform, palmately many-nerved, ere
nate or lobulate. Stipules broadly ovate or cordate, free. Umbels few
or many-flowered. Petals all of one colour, scarlet, pink or white, the
two uppermost narrower than the lower. Stamens 7, the two upper-
most very short. (Sp. 131-134). :

131. P. acetosum (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 430); shrubby, the younger
branches succulent, glabrous ; leaves on short petioles, glabrous, some-
what fleshy, obovate, obtuse, cuneate at base, crenate; stipules obliquely
ovate, small ; peduncles few-flowered ; pedicels very short, the calyx
tube glandular, 3-4 times longer than the lanceolate segments; petals
spathulate, sub-equal. DC. Prod. 1. p. 658. Cav. Diss, t. 104. f. 3-
Bot. Mag. t.103. E.§ Z.! 587, non Drege. ;

Has, Cult. in England 1724. Clayey places near Rivers, Uitenhage, E. & Z./
Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.). :

A much-branched, but rather naked bush, with small, deciduous leaves and slen- ~
der, pale flowers. The petals are at least twice as long as the calyx-segments. The

leaves are acidulous, tasting like sorrel.

__ 182. P. scandens (Ehr. Willd. ! Sp. 3. p. 666); shrubby, the branches

ee 8 segments ; petals narrow linear. DOC. Prod. 1. p, 658.. ?.
| Europe. (Herb. Willd.!)
ety of P. zonale.

p. 667) ; shru

i
H

Pelargonium.| GERANIACEX (Harv.) 299
»peduncles long, many-flowered; flowers sub-sessile, the calyx tube
glabrous or thinly pubescent, 4—5 times longer than the lanceolate seg-
ments ; petals narrow-cuneate or spathulate. DC. Prod.1.p.659. E.
&Z,! 585. Cav. Diss. t. 98. f. 2., not good. Cic. densiflorum, E. & Z.!
584. BP. lateritium, Willd. ! :

Var. 6. stenopetalum ; petals very narrow linear. P. stenopetalum,
Ehr. DG. 1.0.9. O65 3

Has. Cult. in England, 1710. Among shrubs and on hill sides in the Western
Districts. Tulbaghsberg, near the Winterhoek and in the Langekloof, FE. & Z. /
Simon’s ee Hi (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A b, with juicy, green stems and thick leaves, usually, but not invari-
ably, marked with a dark semi-circle, whence its name ‘“‘ horse-shoe Geranium.” The
flowers vary from scarlet and crimson through all shades of red to pure white. P.

idum and P, monstrum, old garden plants in England, appear to be varieties of
this species ; the first approaching P. inquinans.

134. P. inquinans (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 424) ; shrubby, the younger
branches suceulent, velvetty; leaves on long petioles, orbicular-reni-
form, velvetty and somewhat viscoso-pubescent, crenate, sub-undivided or
obsoletely multi-lobulate ; stipules broadly cordate ; peduncles long,
many-flowered ; pedicels very short, the densely glandular and viscid
calyx tube 3-4 times longer than the lanceolate segments ; petals broadly
obovate. DC. Prod: 1. p. 659. Dill. Elth. fig. 151. Cav. Diss, t. 106.
f. 2. £.§Z.! 581, 583, 586. Zeyher ! 2073, 2074. P.cerinum, Sw.
t.176. H.d& Z.! 582. Drege, 7453, 7454-

r
Has. Among shrubs and on hill sides. Eastern Districts, Uitenhage, Albany §\, \ oe

and Caffirland. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

This is the parent of most of the “scarlet Geraniums” of English gardens, and “
has been cultivated since 1714. The flowers vary from intense scarlet to rose-colour
and white. It is much softer and more viscid than P. zonale, without horse-shoe
mark, and with broader and shorter petals.

Sect, 14. CORTUSINA. Stem candiciform, short, thick and fleshy ;
branches (if any) slender and half herbaceous. Leaves on long petioles,
reniform or cordate, crenate or lobulate, velvetty or pubescent. Petals
sub-equal, obovate, the two upper broader. Stamens 6-7. (Sp. 135-
14d.) bee

135. P. echinatum (Curt. Bot. Mag. 3 309) : stem fleshy, armed with —
persistent, spine-like stipules ; leaves on long petioles, cordate-ovate, ob-
tuse, somewhat 3-5-7-lobed, the lobes rounded, crenulate or bi-crenu-
late, pubescent above, albo-tomentose and nerved:below ; stipules sub-
ulate, rigid ; peduncles elongate, branched,’ tial 6-8-flowered ;
pedicels very short, the downy calyx-tube 5-6 times as long as the
villous sepals ; petals emarginate. DC. Prod. 1. p.665. Sw. Ger. t. 54.
P. hamatum, Jacq. Schoenb, t. 138, Andr. Rep. t. 158? Zey. ! 2071.
Has. Cult. 1795. North-Western Districts. Namaqualand, Z / Onthe |
neataere: 3s0eh, Kausberg, 4000f. and at Modderfontein, Dre / (Herb. T.OD. ‘
hs has the habit it of P. reniforme and the leaves of P. odorati ,

300 GERANIACE& (Harv.) [Pelurgonium. —

smooth ; leaves from the crown, on long petioles, ovate-reniform, with & —
cuneate attenuated base, somewhat lobed, the lobes roundish and crenato-
dentate, both surfaces silky ; stipules small, deltoid, deciduous; peduncles
elongate, scapiform, branchele bearing one or two leaves, the partial
pluri-flowered ; pedicels scarcely any, calyx densely villous, the tu
much longer than the linear, obtuse segments. DC. Prod, 1. p. 665.
Bot. Mag. t. 477. P. primulinum, Sw. DC. 1. ¢. oe
Has. North-West Coast of the Colony, Hove (1786). Opposite Ichaboe, Herb.
Hook. (Herb. Hook., Holm.) i
Remarkable for its thick, almost tuberous stem and leaves greatly tapering into
the petiole. The nerves are 3, laterally branched. Flowers white, the petals sub-
equal, each having a purple spot in the centre. ‘

ei aes :

137. P. cortuseefolium (L’Her. Ger. t. 25); stem short, thick and —
fleshy, rough with persistent stipules; leaves from the crown, on long
petioles, cordate, inciso-lobate, undulate, unequally toothed, pubescent;
stipules subulate, their bases persistent ; peduncles elongate, branched,
with many-flowered umbels ; calyx-tube four times as long as the ovate,
reflexed segments ; petals obovate, emarginate. DC.1.c¢.p. 665. Sw.
Ger. t. 14. Andr. Rep. t. 121.
: nts North-West of the Colony, lat. 23°. S., Hove. Introduced to England
in 1786. ae

Shave seen no specimens of this species.

138. P. reniforme (Bot: Mag. t. 493); stem shrubby, short, often
scaly ; branches succulent, velvetty ; leaves on long petioles, renyorm
or ovato-cordate, obtuse, crenate or lobulate, velvetty above, albo-to-
mentose and prominently many-nerved underneath, the nerves digitate,
forking ; stipules from a broader base, subulate ; peduncles elongate,
often branched, the partial pluri-flowered ; pedicels much shorter than ~
the calyx-tube, which is lanoso-pubescent and thrice as long as the

sepals ; petals obovate. DC. Prod. 1. p. 666. Sw. Ger. 48. Andr.
Rep. t. 108.

Var. a. reniforme ; leaves broadly reniform ; flowers bright purple.

E, d& Z.! 599, 600. by se Nand

Var. 8. velutinum; leaves ovato-cordate ; flowers bright purple. —
Lk Z.! 598. , Sie or
\* Var. y. sideefolium ; leaves ovato-cordate or reniform ; flowers black-
ish purple or very dark. Ger. sideefolium, Thunb, Cap. p. 518. #.&

2.1 597. Drege! 225%. }
Has. Among shrubs and in fields in the Eastern Districts. Uitenhage and Al-

;
|
1
|
|
L
|
i

somewhat in the shape, and ibre
; but after examining large

Pelargonium. | GERANIACE& (Harv.) 301

on very long petioles, rowndish-cordate, very obtuse, entire or repando-lo-
bulate, dentato- crenulate, very soft and velvetty ; stipules small, deltoid ;
peduncles opposite the rameal leaves, filiform, 5—10-flowered ; pedicels
equal to the calyx-tube, which is longer than the lanceolate, villous
segments ; flowers small, petals not much exceeding the calyx. DC.
Prod. 1. p.659 Dill. Hlth. fig. 138. Cav. Diss, t. 103. f. 1. Sw. Ger.
t.. 299. th &Z.! 596. Zey.! 2079. Drege, 1298, 9516.

Has. Cult. 1724. © m in the Eastern Districts ; Uitenhage and Albany,
E.&Z.! &e. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Riedl 5

Caudex short, simple or branched ; ‘the tlowering branches long and trailing, with .
distant nodes, from which spring the short peduncles. Petioles of the cauline leaves
6-10 inches long ; the lamina 1-2 inches broad. Flowers very small, white. Leaves
we and sweetly aromatic.

=

140. P. Sibthorpiefolium (Harv.); stem short, fleshy; leaves on
long petioles, carnose, reniform, cordate at base, crenato-lobulate, mi-
nutely pubescent on both sides ; stipules... .. peduncles scape-like,
branched, hairy; bracts ovate, tomentose ; calyx-tube sub-sessile, to-
mentose, twice as long as the linear segments. Drege, 3232. *
ae Hills, &c. near the mouth of the Orange River, under 600f. Drege! (Herb.

n

I Ditters to describe from a single imperfect specimen. The stem is one inch
long, 3 lines in diameter, and rough. Leaves less than an inch across, shaped like
those of Sibthorpia Europea ; the petiole twice or thrice the length of the lamina.
The flowers have not been observed. Can this be P. velutinum, DC, ?

141. P. alpinum (E. & Z. ! 629); root-stock caulescent, woody and e
scaly ; stems suffruticose, sub-simple, tomentose; leaves on long peti-
oles, cordate-reniform, mucronato-crenate, tomentose or densely pubescent —
on both sides ; stipules ovate, acuminate ; peduncles filiform, elongate,
branched, the partial 1-2-flowered, with broadly oval bracts ; calyx-tube
sub-sessile, curved, villous, thrice as long as the lanceolate, acuminate
sepals ; petals obovate.” Zeyher, 190! eee

Has. Spy gem a Winterhoek, Worcester, E. £2 oa whe eyher

on 0: _ J .
2-23 copra leaves so 1 inch, sss a pip MRE 5 cate generally +
remarkably broad in proportion to their length, membranous. nding pale, the

1. PELARGIUM. Much Sanneliic = a Leaves simple

fe. Stipules free. Inflorescence frequently pani-
ali es umbelliferous. Two upper petals longer

72 trdader eae 16 three cosa streaked pices Fertile stamens
_ (Sp.142-163). .

are * Leawes oval, Sel GH virdians, toothed or mult-angular. (Sp. 142-145).

142. a, betainum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 429) ; shrubby, erect, the young oe
‘igs downy ; leaves on short petioles, seal: it ovals obiuse, huang ae
oothed, sub-gl rorioe ae acuminate ; pedu:
opposite the leaves, 3-4-flowered ; pedicels and calyx.
j os peal twice as ss as the Punenclata, » sepals, DC. Prod. 1

302 GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [ Pelargonium.

Burm. Afr. t. 33. f. 2. Bot. Mag. t. 148. EH. g Z. No. 611. Zey.1
Goals Ray 197. Drege, 7451. P. penicillatum, Willd. ?

eae ye Has. Mountain sides and hills in Cape and Stellenbosch districts, common.
Klynriviersberg, Caledon, #. &. Z./_ (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.) tng

Rather a slender, nearly glabrous shrub, downy or somewhat villous on the young

* twigs and flowerstalks, with small, neat foliage, the leaves seldom an inch long.

Flowers purple, with dark streaks. Cultivated since 1786.

143, P. cordatum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 427); shrubby, erect and much- a
branched, either densely and softly villous or sub-glabrous ; leaves on long =
petioles, cordate, acute, denticulate and sometimes repando-lobulate ; sti- at
pules subulate, from a broad base, deciduous; peduncles branched or ES
panicled, the partial short and many-flowered ; pedicels and calyx gene-
rally densely villous ; petals twice as long as the sepals. DC. Prod. 1.
p. 071. LD Her. Ger. t.22. P. cordifoliwm, Bot. Mag. t. 165. Cav. Diss.
t.117.f.3. EH. & Z.! 618, 619, 620. Drege, 7450.

Var. @. lanatum; leaves densely woolly on the lower surface. Ger.
lanatum, Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 518.

Var. y. rubrocinctum ; leaves nearly glabrous on both sides, or vel-
vetty on the lower, often with a red margin. P. rubro-cinctum, Link.
DC. 1. c. Drege, 7449. : :

Has. Mountain sides in the Langekloof and at Plettenberg Bay and the Knysna
E. & Z,! near George and at Kayman’s Gat, Drege! 8. Van Staadensberg, £. & Z-/
y. Attaqua’s Kloof, Dr. Gill! Drege! Oliphant’s River, Thom, d&c. (Herb. T.C.D.
Hook., Sond.)

- Pelargonium.] GERANIACEE (Harv.) 303

— acerifolium, Cav, Diss. t. 112. f.2. P. cochleatum, Willd. ! En. p. 48.
oe
Var. 8. acerifolium ; leaves cuneate at base, more deeply lobed, more
scabrous and harsher thanin « JP. acerifolium, I’ Her. Ger. t. 21. DC.
Prod. 1. p. 672. HE. & Z.! 627, 622, 623. 2

Has. Mountain sides, Cape, Stellenbosch districts. Table mountain, and Hott-

Holl., £. ¢ Z./ Simon’s Bay, Wright, W.H.H. &c. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A large bush, resembling P. cucud/atum, from which it is easily known by its
sharply-angular, rigid and sharp leaves. Though very hairy, it is not villous. The
flowers are in large panicles, purple, with dark streaks. This is one of the parents
of many garden hybrids, and has been cult. since 1724.

** Leaves obtusely 3-5-lobed, pubescent, not scabrous or viscid. (Sp. 146-148.)

146. P. capitatum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 425); suffruticose, diffuse, or pro-
cumbent, densely and softly hairy and villous ; leaves on long petioles,
cordate at base, 3—5-lobed, the lobes obtuse and rounded, toothed ; sti-
pules broadly cordate, membranous, pointed; peduncles longer than
the leaves, simple, densely many-flowered ; flowers sessile, the calyx-
tube not half so long as the densely-villous and hairy, oblong, mucro-
nate sepals; petals short, DC. Prod. 1.p.674- Cav, Diss. t. 105.f. 1.
£.§ Z. 1 630. Thunb. Cap, p. 521.

Has. Common on the Cape Flats and around Table Mountain, &c. (Herb. T.C.D. Gallo

Hook., Sond.)

Stems weak, trailing on the ground. Whole plant covered with long, soft, hori-
zontally patent white hairs. Flowers rosy purple, in dense many-flowered heads.
Very near the following. It has been cultivated in England since 1790.

147. P. vitifolium (Ait. Kew. 2.p.425); suffruticose, erect, densely hairy
and villous ; leaves on long petioles, cordate at base, 3-lobed, the lobes
shallow, very obtuse and rounded, toothed ; stipules broadly cordate ; pe-

duncles longer than the leaf, simple, densely many-flowered ; flowers
sessile, the calyx-tube not half so long as the densely villous and hairy,

De

Simans Be
L

oblong, aristate segments ; petals short. DC. Prod. 1. p. 674. E.G Z.f —

631. Dill. Hort. Elth. fig. 153.! Cav. Diss. t. 111. f. 2. L’Her. Ger. t. 19.

Has. Among shrubs, near rivulets. Klapmuts and Hott. Holl. #. ¢ Z./ Paarl-
berg, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.). : ;

Except in its erect growth and less deeply cut and harsher leaves this searcely dif-
fers from P. capitatum. I retain it, as it has been acknowle a species since the
days of Dillenius, and was cultivated in England in 1724. wers small, purple,

148. P. semitrilobum (Jacq. ! Schoenb. t. 130); shrubby, much-
branched, patently villous ; leaves on longish petioles, concave, bluntly
3-lobed, the lobes short, toothed or sharply serrate, pubescent on one or
both sides, the nervesradiating, branching, prominent and hairy ; stipules
cordate-acuminate ; peduncles longer than the leaf, 2-5-flowered, with
ovate, nerved bracts ; calyx-tube curved, thickened at base, equalling
the pedicel and the lanceolate, acuminate, villous segments ; petals twice

as long as the sepals. DC. U. ¢. p. 674. H. & Z. 612. Zey.! 2090, 2091. ee

Var. «. Jacquini; leaves sparsely hispid above, villous below, cu- _

neate at base. P. trilobatum Schrad. ? DC. 1. c. p. 677. ? P. adulteri-
num, E.d& Z.! 628, Zey.! 198. eames

304 | GERANIACEZ (Harv.) [ Pelargonium

Var. 8. adulterinum ; leaves, softly hairy on both sides, cordate or
truncate at base. P. adulterinum, L’ Her. t. 34. DC. Prod. 1. p. 674.
Sw. Ger. t. 22 and t. 25. S$

Has. Rocky mountain sides. Klynriviersberg, Z. § Z. / Zwarteberg, and near

the Zonderende, Zeyher/ Var. a, near Tulbagh by the Waterfall, Z. ¢ Z./ (Herb.
Jacq. !. Hook., Holm., Sond.),

A much-branched, hairy or silky shrub, well covered with leaves and flowers ; va-
riable in pubescence and in some minor characters. There are many cultivated va-
rieties of this, and several handsome hybrids are partly traced to it.

*** Leaves scabrous, acutely three-lobed, and sharply serrate. (Sp. 149-159.).

149, P. crispum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 430); shrubby, much branched,
very scabrous, glandular ; leaves distichous, on short petioles, flabelli-
orm, truncate or cuneate at base, trilobulate or deeply 3-lobed, coarsely
toothed, rigid and rough, the nerves prominent below, and bristly ; sti-
pules cordate-acuminate, rigidly ciliolate ; peduncles short, 2-3-flowered ;
pedicels longer than the calyx-tube, which is glandular and scabrid ;
sepals oblong, acuminate; petals narrow. DC. Prod. 1. p. 677. L’Her.
t. 32. Sw. Ger. t. 383. Cav. Diss. t. 109. f. 2. E.& Z.! 635. Zey.!
2088. Drege! 1304. P. rigidum, Willd ! Sp. 3. p. 681.

Var. 6. hermanniefolium ; leaves on short petioles, mostly very
small (but variable in size), cuneate at base, trifid or truncate. P. her-
mannicefolium, Jacq. Ic. t. 545. DC. Prod. 1. p.677. E.& Z.! 636.
Zey.! 2087, 2085.

Var. y. latifolium; stem weak and straggling ; leaves distant, and
twice the usual size; peduncles long, filiform. J’ Her. t. 33. Drege!
3259. P. pustulosum, Sw. ? Ger. t. 11.

Has. Among shrubs. River Zonderende, F. & Z./ Both varieties also near Ca-

ser res Gnadendahl, Z. ¢ Z.! Hassagaiskloof, Zeyher/ (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.,
ook.).

A very scabrous, slender shrub, with strongly-scented, curled, rough leaves, which
vary much in size, being from 3 inch to 14 inches in length and breadth. ‘Their in-
sertion is distichous, and the stipules are vertically, placed one over another, on each
side of the branches. The scent is strong and like balm. Typical specimens of var. B.
with minute, wedge-shaped, truncate leaves look very different, but intermediate forms
detween these and the broad-leaved “ erispum” of gardens, are common ; and both
grow intermixed, in a wild state. Drege’s “‘ P, crispum” belongs to our var. Y,
which is well figured by L’Heretier.

_ _ 150. P. scabrum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 430); shrubby, much-branched,
harsh, hairy and glandular ; leaves on shortish petioles, cuneate at base, —
deeply three-lobed, the terminal lobe often trifid and the lateral bifid, all
coarsely toothed, the nerves prominent underneath, and rough with
ort bristles ; stipules ovate-acuminate, pubescent; peduncles lateral
icled, many-flowered ; the pedicels and calyx remarkably scab-
a bristly ; petalssmall. DC. Prod. 1. p. 677. Cav. Diss.t. 108.
t. 542 L’ Her. Ger. t. 31. E. § Z.! 634, 638. Drege!
alsameum ; leaves deeply 3~5-fid or 3—5-parted, the seg-
nate, sharply serrate.- P. balsameum, Jacq. ! Ic.

Pelargonium.] ——« GERANIACE (Harv.) 305

Berg Valley, Clanw., E. § Z. / Paarl, Drege! Stellenbosch, W.H.H. ° Slaay Kraal,
Grahamstown, Burke and Zeyher! (Herb. Jacq., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Remarkable for its great roughness, all parts feeling harsh to the touch. It is
sometimes very glandular and viscid, sometimes nearly bare of glands. E. & Z.’s
P. crategifolium (638) has narrower leaves than common, and connects the normal
state of the species with P. balsameum Jucq.! our var. 8. Drege’s 5460 is a feeble-
growing variety. This species borders closely on P. crispum, but the leaves are
larger, not distichous, more cuneate at base, and on longer petioles ; and the stipules
and inflorescence are different.

**** Leaves cordate or hastate at base, more or less deeply 5—7-lobed, or sinuato-pin-
natifid ; often viscoso-pubescent. (Sp. 151-155.)

151. P. ribifolium (Jacq.! Ic. t. 538); shrubby, much-branched,
sparsely hairy and glandular ; leaves on long petioles, somewhat hastate —
at base, more or less deeply 5-7-lobed, the lobes shallow, obtuse, or acute,
deeply 5-toothed, glandular, hispidulous or pubescent, the nerves pro-
minent below ; stipules cordate-acuminate ; inflorescence panicled, cy-
mose; the partial peduncles short, 4-5-flowered; pedicels and calyx
setose ; flowers small, the 3 lower petals longer than the lanceolate sepals.
DC. Prod. t.p. 671. P. trilobatum, E. § Z.! 633, non Schrad. P. popu-
lifoium E §. Z.! 632. Drege, 7447, 7446.

Has. Mountain sides, among shrubs and grass. Langekloof, George, and Zuure-
berg and Winterhoeksberg, Uit., 2. & Z./ near Grahamstown, Zeyher! (Herb.
T.C.D., Hook., Sond. Jacq.).

A much-branched, rather rigid shrub, 2~3 feet high, with inflorescence of P. pa-
pilionaceum, but much harsher and smaller leaves. Flowers white.

152. P. papilionaceum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 423) ; suffruticose at base,
herbaceous upwards, much-branched, hairy and glandular; leaves on
long petioles, deeply cordate at base, obtusely 5-7-lobed, the lobes shal-

__ low or obsolete, crenate, both surfaces densely hairy, the nerves promi-

nent below ; stipules cordate, acute ; inflorescence densely panicled, the _
partial peduncles short, glandular and hairy ; pedicels and calyces pa-_
tently hirsute; flowers small, 3 lower ‘petals linear, much shorter tion .
the lanceolate sepals. DC. Prod. 1.p. 671. Dill. Hort, Elth. fig. 155.
Cav, Diss. t. 112. f. 1. Sw. Ger. t.27. HE. & Z.! 617, also P. tomen-
tosum, FE. & Z.! 613, non Jacg. Zey.! 2093+ Bo: ee

Has. In moist, shady, sub-alpine places. Districts of Stellenbosch, Caledon and _
Swellendam, HZ. § Z.! Dreg Ay cael rena Boats Zey.! Cult. since 1724. (Herb.
TO; Hook Wak fe es : |

3--4 feet high, with the habit of P. hispidum, but with blunter and obsoletely-lobed
leaves, \dly cordate stipules and bracts, and very different flowers. The upper

tals are twice as long as the sepals, strongly reflexed, purple, with a dark spot. Dil-

nius’ figure, above quoted, is excellent. #. 4 Z. confounded this with P. tomentosum,
and Drege with P. hispidum. eo

153. P. tomentosum (Jacq. ! Ic. t. 53 ae half-herbaceous, diffuse
much branched, densely and softly tomentose ; leaves on long petioles
deeply hastato-cordate at base, 5-7-lobed, the lobes broad and shallow
obtuse, mucronulate, crenate, velvetty on both sides ; stipules cordate
cuspidate ; inflorescence laxly panicled, the partial peduncles long, vi
lous, many-flowered ; pedicels many times longer than the calyx-
flowers small, the 3 lower petals longer than the sepals. /

1
'
| = 306 7 GERANIACER (Harv.) — [Pelargonium. —

p. 671. Bot. Mag. t. 518. Sw. Ger. t. 168. P. micranthum, E. § Z.1
614. Zey./ 2095.

| Has, Mountain sides, among rocks and bushes. Voormansbosch, Swell., Z. &
RBS Z./ Stellenbosch, Drege! (Herb. Hook., Sond.) oe

i} _ Cultivated since 1790, chiefly for its scent, which resembles that of peppermint.
The soft, velvetty foliage is handsome, but the flowers are insignificant and white.

ie
| Thestems are several feet long, and spread widely. Leaves 2-3 inches long and broad.

154. P. glutinosum (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 426); shrubby, much branched,
hispidulous and viscoso-pubescent ; leaves on shortish petioles, cordato-
hastate, 5-7-lobed, the lobes deltoid, acute, shallow, crenato-dentate,
ies. sparsely pubescent, the nerves netted and prominent below; stipules
i _ cordate acute, orten bifid ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaf, pluri-
Ee floweréd, with ovate bracts ; pedicels very short ; sepals oblong, mucro-
nate, hairy and glandular ; petals twice as long as the calyx. DC. Prod.
1,p.679. Bot. Mag. t. 143. I’Her.t. 20. Jacq. Ic. t. 131. Ger, vis-

; te cosum, Cav. Diss, t. 108. f. 2. "
Llainuy Notadbans ais. Jnitrodnced Mf nd 1777. ge Dr. Pave! yee. 5 Habs Hook.)
ipeee ) eafy s with a heavy, ic smell, and ros e or pale flowers, the
1 aati Rant er ota anh a dark pew ibe ye E. & Zs No. A eg noe Sond., seems
Tom to me to belong to a starved form of Pxquercifoliwm, rather’ to the present

155. P. quercifolium (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 422) jehrubby, much branched,
hairy and glandular ; leaves on short petioles, cordate at base, sinuato-
pinnatifid, the lobes and sinuses rounded, the margin wavy and crenate,
both surfaces hairy, the nerves prominent underneath ; stipules cordate,
bifid ; peduncles shorter than the leaf, deflexed, 3-5-flowered, with la-
ciniate bracts ; pedicels shorter than the calyx-tube ; sepals elliptical,
mucronate, half as long as the petals. -DC. Prod. 1. p. 678. Her.
Ger.t.14. Cav. Diss. t. 119. f. 1. P. panduriforme E. & Z.! 640. P:
asperum, Willd.! (a garden var.)
- Hap. Cape, Masson, 1774. Langekloof, #. § Z./ (Herb. Sond.).

Of this well-known green-house shrub, “ the oak-leaf Geranium,” I have seen no
wild specimens, but those distributed by £. &Z./ In cultivation the leaves are
marked with a dark, purplish spot, and are disagreeably scented. Flowers purple
or pink. P. panduriforme, E. & Z., is more tomentose than usual ; the leaves canes-
cent on the underside, and the smaller ones fiddle-shaped. :

HR Leaves deeply palmatifid, futid, viscoso-pubescent or glabrous. (Sp. 156-163).

156. P. graveolens (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 423) ; shrubby, much branched,
and glandular ; leaves on long petioles, palmately 5-7-lobed, or
partite, the lobes flat, deeply sinuato-pinnatifid, mostly obtuse, cre-
both surfaces pubescent and hispid, the nerves prominent ; sti-
ite acute ; peduncles long or short, many-flowered ; calyx sub-
‘Y, its segments half as long as the petals. DC. Prod.
r. Ger. t. 17. Ger. terebintaceum, Cav. Diss, t. 114.f- 1:

short calyx-tube and the oblong, mucronate segments villous ; w

@ ‘ke

Pelurgonium.| -GERANIACE (Harv.) a07-

ments. Many varieties or hybrids, partly derived from this species, are in English
gardens. :

157. P. viscosissimum (Sw. Ger. t. 118); “ umbels capitate, many-
flowered ; leaves palmate, 5—7-lobed, viscid, the segments flat, sinuated.
and toothed,*recurved at the apex ; stem very viscid ; petals oblong,
obtuse ; calys-segments very obtuse, the tube sub-sessile, not much longer
than the limb” “Sw. lc. DOC. Prod. 1. p. 679.

Has. Described from a garden plant, grown from Cape seeds, Sweet.

“* Stem and branches covered with a viscid substance, which sticks to the fingers
like bird-lime. Leaves clammy, 3-4 inches long. Stipules narrow lanceolate. Bracts
ovato-cordate. Calyx nts unequal, orbicularly-obovate, concave, very blunt,
with incurved points. Petals :or white, the upper marked with red lines.” Sw.

158. P. hispidum (Willd. By. p. 677); suffruticose at base, herba-
ceous upwards, much branched, hairy and glandular ; leaves on long
petioles, palmately-5-7-lobed, the lobes acuminate, unequally sharply toothed
and lobulate, both sides hispid, the nerves progninent,underneath ; sti-
pules cuspidate ; inflorescence panicled, th® ial peduncles longer
than the leaves, glandular and map ed; pedicels longer than
the calyx-tube, ‘hith ia shorter than the lanceolate, acuminate, hispid
segments ; flowers small.’ DC. Prod. 1. p.679. Cav. Diss. t. 110. 7. 1.
£. §& Z. ! 616, also O15. =

Has. Moist, shady, alpine situations; in the Western Districts. Baviansberg,
Gnadendahl and Wintérhoek, Tulbagh, Z.¢@Z./ Witzenberg, Zeyher! 200. Paarl-
berg, Drege! (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond).

A free-growing, much-branched, but imperfectly ligneous plant, 2-3 feet high.
Leaves 4-5 inches broad, deeply divided, the divisions jagged and finely serrated.
All parts of the plant are roughly hairy and viscid. Panicle terminal, much-branched,
eymose. Flowers white, with streaks. Long cultivated in Europe.

159. P. Radula (Ait. Kew. 2. p. 423); shrubby, much branched, hispid
and viscoso-pubescent ; leaves on longish petioles, palmati-partite,
roughly hispid on the upper, softly pubescent on the lower side, the
lobes narrow-linear, pinnatifid, obtusely lobulate, with revolute margins ;
stipules ovate-acuminate ; peduncles short, hispid, 4-5-flowered ; flowers
pedicellate, the short calyx-tube and lanceolate sepals densely setose and
glandular. DC. Prod.1. p. 679. I Her, Ger.t. 16. Cav, Diss t. tor.
J. 1. P. revolutum, Jacg.! Ic. t. 133. P. Radula, E.& Z.! 644. P.
roseum, E. & Z.! 645., also 646. Zey.! 2096, 2097. Drege! 7444.

Has. Among shrubs on mountain sides, east and west. Tulbagh, F. 4 Z./ Com-
_ in Uitenhage and Albany. (Herb. T.C.D., ae gH oe

large, ‘branched, glandular, balsamic-scented bush, very rough and hairy

with short, stiff bristles. Flo small, pale e, with dark streaks. E & Z.’s

ci distributed as “ P. denticulatum” (No. 646) belong to this species, from
which their “ P. roseum” in no respect differs.

160. P. denticulatum (Jacq. ! Hort. Schoenb. t. 1 35); suffruticose,much — |

branched, erect, slender, glutinous and scabrous ; leaves on long petioles, ie

palmati-partite, glabrous and viscid above, hispidulous beneath, the lobes _
mle or pinnatifid, linear, flat, coarsely toothed; stipules ovato-lan-
ceolate; peduncles short, hairy, 3-4-flowered ; flowers sub-sessile, the

308 LINEZ (Sond.) | (Linum.

petals emarginate or bifid. DC. lc. p.679. Sw. Gert. 109. Drege! —
7443. Zey.! 196. | :

i Has. Introduced to England, 1789. Masson! Hex River, Zeyher / Rhinosterkopf,

ie Burke! Dutoitskloof, Drege! (Herb. Hook., Sond.) <9 :

{fs A tall, weak-stemmed, half-herbaceous species, with a rather succulent stem and
much divided, clammy, balsam-scented, sharply toothed leaves. By these charac-
te ters, and its smoothness, it is known from P. Radula, which is sometimes mistaken

He for it. Flowers lilac or purple-rosy, with dark streaks on the indented or 2-lobed

He upper petals.

161. P. jatropefolium (DC.) “leaves palmati-partite, viscid, gla-
brous, the lobes lanceolate-linear, pinnatifid, the lobules toothed, dis-
tant, acuminate ; umbels 4-flowered ; calyx-tube very short ; upper pe-

tals obtuse.” DC. Prod: 1. p. 679. “ Intermediate,” according to De
Candolle, “ between P. denticulatum and P. quercifolium.”

162.P. delphinifolium (Willd. En. 708) ; “leaves scabrous, palmately
5-lobed, the lobes oblong, serrated, the medial 3-lobed ; umbels few-
/ flowered, compound ; calyx-tube longer than the pedicel.” DC. l. ¢. p-
‘ie 679. (quere, P. scabrum, var. ?)

os — 163. P. munitum (Burch Cat. 1240, Voy. Vol. 1. p. 225); “gla-
brous, leaves bi-pinnatifid; panicle dichotomous, hardening and be-

coming spinous after flowering [spinoso-lignescente].” DC. l. c. p. 682.
Has. near the Juk River, Burchell, (Perhapsa “ Ligularia”?)

“*.

[Little known and doubtful species, and all of the ephemeral, garden Pelargonia are
here omitted. Nearly 200 of them are characterised in De Candolle’s “ Prodromus,’
Vol. 1. Many more may be found in Sweet’s “Geraniacew” (5 vols. 500 coloured
plates) ; and in other works on gardens and gardening. We see no necessity for
burdening our pages with these truly “ trivial” names : ee

“‘Names ignoble, born to be forgot.”]

OrpeR XXXII. LINEA, DC.
(By W. SonveEr.)

__ (DC., Theorie, ed?:1. 217. Prod. 1. p. 423. Endl. Gen. celv, Linacee,
Lindl. Veg. Kingd. elxxxiii,) 3 :

__ Flowers perfect, regular and symmetrical. Calyx 4-5 parted, per-

sistent, imbricated in estivation. Petals 45, tapering at base, twisted

vation, caducous, Stamens as many as the petals, and alternate

filaments subulate, slightly connate at base, marcescent ;

Hed, introrse. Ovary 4-5-celled, with two axile ovules in —
5. Capsule globose, incompletely 8-10-celled. Seeds

*

a a a
‘ ‘

ethiopicum, 8. tenue, E, Mey.! in pl. Drege.

long, 14-2 lines wide) ; upper scattered ; corymbs lax and few-!
sepals much acuminate, twice as long as the capsule (3 lines o1
cea Kh. = bos jedi ad cuties in Hbs i

€ s *

Linum.] - LINEE (Sond.) 809

scattered over the globe, but much more numerous in Europe and North Africa than
in other countries. The common Flax (Linum usitatissimum ), so valuable for its
strong and finely divisible fibres and its oily seeds, is by much the most useful plant
of the Order.

I. LINUM, L.

Sepals 5, entire. Petals 5. Stamens 5, perfect, alternating with as
inaiy tooth-like abortive filaments. Styles 5, rarely 3, separate or con-
nate below; stigmata capitellate or linear. Capsule spuriously 10-
celled. DC. Prod. 1. p. 423. Endl. Gen. 6056.

Herbs or suffruticose plants, scattered throughout the temperate zones, rare within
the tropics. Leaves alternate, opposite or whorled, quite entire and most frequently
glabrous, sessile. Flowers in cymes or panicles, yellow, blue, red, or white. Name
from Lin., thread, in Celtic and modern Gaelic.

* Styles connate to the middle or above the middle.

1. L. Africanum (Linn. Mant. p. 360); shrubby, glabrous ; leaves
opposite, the upper alternate, either linear, lanceolate, oblong or ovate,
acute; corymbs dichotomous, lax or contracted ; sepals ovate, acute or
lanceolate, acuminate, glanduloso-ciliate, more or less longer than the —
capsule,

Var. a. angustifolium ; leaves lanceolate-linear or narrow-linear,

" (5-12 lines long, 4-1 line wide) ; ; corymbs dichotomous, at length lax,

and mostly elongate ; sepals cuspidato-acuminate, but little longer than |
the capsule. Z, Africanum, Lin, Herb. Planch.! in Hook. Lond. Jour.
7-p. 492. Thunb. Fl Cap. 277. Jacq. Ic. Rar. t. 353. Bot. Mag.
t. 403. HE. d Z.! 272, ex parte. L. juniperifolium, H. & Z. 1 271 Le
africanum a, acuminatum, E. Mey.! Hb. Drege. L. pungens, Pl.!l. c. ex
parte. L. adustum, E. Mey. a, 6, e. a

Var. 8. intermedium ; leaves broadly lanceolate, aoe at see ae
and apex (8-10 lines long, 14-2 lines ce 2 ; corymbs dichotomous, lax,
at length elongate ; sepals lanceolate-ac ate, longer than the cap-
sule. LZ. Afric. B. latifolium, Bartl. Linn. 7. p. 549. excl. syn. Thunb.
L. Bartling, EB. & Z.1 273. —

Var. y. litorale ; leaves crowded, more leathery, ovate, or ovate-ob-
long, acute (4-6 lines long, 14-2 lines wide); corymbs contracted, more Hy
frequently many and reaper iad flowered ; sepals cuspidate, little longer |
than the capsule. LZ. Thunb. Fl. Cp. p. 277. E.& Zt 2
ba and L. ‘apiconun, Bt éZ1 _—. L. ethiopicum, Pi.! le.

Pp. 490. E. Mey. ! in Hb. Drege a, b,

Var. 6. gracile; leaves more lates: See me or oblong,
acute, the lower wor out 6 lines long, 1 8 lines wide) crowded, upper
scattered, gradually smaller ; corymbs often few-flowered; sepals
cuspidate, little longer than ‘the calyx. ri gracile, gb. C. p. 496. L.

Var. « acuminatum; lower leaves oblong or lanceolata (5-6 lines

| :
| 310 LINEZ (Sond) [Linum.
{ i Has. Among shrubs, on plains or mountains. a, on the Cape Flats, Pappe,
Vs om W.H.H. Table Mountain and Devil’s Mt. Ecklon. Hott. Holl. Zey. / 2099. Zwart-
OL i ~~ kop’s River, Zeyher, 2099, b. Kardow, Zey./ 201. Winterhoeksberg, Preiss. On-
““/03 der Bokkeveld, Bergvalley and Langevalley ; also in Albany, Drege! 6236. 8. at
Zwarteberg, Caledon, #.4:Z./ yy, on the shore, Houtniquas, Thunberg. Cape Re-
cief and Algoa Bay, FZ. g Z./ Zey! 2100. Zwartkops, Kowie and Boschjesman’s
i River, Drege. 5, Key River. ¢., Witsenberg, Zey!’ 202, c, Ezelbank, 3-4000f. Drege!
| Oct.-Jan. (Herb. Hook., E. Mey., T.C.D., Sond.)
| A shrublet, 1-3 feet high. Primary stem mostly short, in y. long, emitting many
erect, simple or branched, virgate, striated or angular secondary stems. ves
erecto-patent, rigidly membranous or coriaceous, green or glaucous, more numerous
and mostly opposite in the lower, scattered in the upper portion of the branches ; all
one-nerved or in var. y. sub-tri-nerved ; the margin slightly inrolled, very entire.
Stipulary glands 2, minute or thickened. Infl. cymose-corymbose, the lateral
branches commonly racemose, most frequently lax, 2-3 inches long, sometimes 6
inches or more ; in var. y. contracted, 1-2 inches, the eymules short and leafy.
Bracts leafy. Pedicels as long as the calyx or shorter. Sepals 3-nerved. Petals
obovate, yellow, villous at base inside, twice or rarely thrice as long as the calyx.
Styles equalling the petals, or shorter, connate for nearly half their length. Stigmas
minute, capitellate, Capsule sub-globose, glabrous.

}
He

_ ** Styles separate to the base, or nearly so. (Sp. 2-4.)

2. L. thesioides (Bartl. Linn. 7. p. 540); suffruticulose, glabrous;
secondary stems numerous, ascending or erect, somewhat naked and
_ paniculato-corymbose above ; leaves mostly alternate, crowded, erect, sub-
__ imbricate, narrow-linear, acute ; stipulary glands none or rarely solitary
or in pairs; sepals ovate, acute, pectinato-ciliate, about equalling the
capsule, £.&Z.! 270. L. spec. pl. lc. p. 494. L. africanum. 8.
minus, H. Mey. ! ex parte. 5
Has. Stony and sandy places at the foot of the Lion’s Mt., Wynberg, and

ro D. Sond)” E, & Z,! Mundt., Drege, W.H.H., Zey./ 2026. Dec.-Feb. (Herb.
Resembling the smaller specimens of Z. africanum ; this differs in the smaller

size, the stems being commonly 3-6 inches, rarely 1 foot long, and more slender ;

in the smaller leaves, 3-4, rarely 5 lines long, } line wide ; and smaller flowers.

Root thick. Leaves evidently one-nerved below. Corymb short, few-flowered, an
inch or rarely two inches long, sometimes 2-4 flo . Pedicels as long as the
calyx or shorter. Sepals one line long, remarkably ciliate. Petals yellow, twice as
long as the calyx, equalling the styles.

3. L. Thunbergii (E. & Z.! 275, excl. syn.); suffruticulose; second-
_ ary stems numerous, erect, simple, much-branched, glabrous, or pubes-
cent below ; lower leaves opposite, rarely ternate or quaternate, oblong
or oblongo-lanceolate, mucronulate, intermedial sub-linear, opposite or
ernate, shorter than the internode, uppermost and floral subulate ;
salary ; 2 or none; branches of the dichotomous cyme race-
ate, acute, glandular-ciliate, about as long as the cap-
(virginianum ), Reichb. Ic. Exot. 1. t. 46. opt. / L.
p- 495. L. racemosum, E. Mey.! Zey.! 203,

isposed in an irregular, 6-12 inches

Te

Impatiens.) BALSAMINE® (Sond.) 311

wuko and Omsameaba, &c, Drege / B. atthe Key. Oct.-Feb. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.,
E. Mey., Sond.)

Primary stem short ; secondary 1-14 feet high. Branches, when present, long
andslender. Leaves rigidly membranous, one-nerved, the lower 5-7 lines long, two
lines wide ; the upper gradually smaller and narrower. Corymb lax, its branches long
and filiform. Pedicels as long as the calyx, in fruit rather longer. Sepals scarcely
more than one line long. Petals yellow, according to Reichenbach 4 times as long
as is calyx, but i ae the wild plant ny 2-3 times as long. Styles twice as me 4
as the stamens, clavate stigmas. etgnpeer seis oct mae r-corn, n wit!
white bands, 10-seeded, sub-acute ? ae a

4.1L. quadrifolium sp. 402); fruticulose, glabrous ; secondary
stems eomiatead 4-an; 53 simple or virgately branched ; lower leaves 4
or 5 in a whorl, spreading, elliptical, or ovate-oblong, mucronulate, or
acute at each end, upper opposite or alternate, narrower ; stip. glands
two ; corymb lax, compound, several-flowered; sepals ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate, glandular-ciliate, equalling the capsule, Thunb.! Cap. p.
274, Bot. Mag. t. 431. DC. Prod. 1. p. 425. EB. & Z.1276. Planch.
lc. p. 496. ;

Has. Among shrubs. Mountains round Capetown, &. & Z./ W.H.H.
Paarlberg, and at Keureboom’s River, Goons, and ee Vit, . aes /
Sep.-Nov. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond., E. Mey.).

1-2 feet high. Root slender. Secondary stems many, flexuous,
simple or with a few opposite branches. Leaves patent or Brim he 68 Rae oa ‘oni ;
3-4 lines wide, sometimes but half that size, rigidly membranous ; the upper ovato-
lanceolate, opposite, the very uppermost scattered and emaller. Corymb few-
flowered or divided and elongate, with distant flowers. Sepals ri lines long. Petals
yellow, 5-6 lines long. Fruiting pedicels shorter than the x. Capsule sub-
acute. Easily known from Z. Thunbergii by its more robust habit, broader and
whorled leaves, and larger flowers.

ORDER XXXII]. BALSAMINEZA, A. Riche

(By Ww. Sonper.) é

(A. Rich. Diet, Class, 2. 173. DC, Prod. 1. p. 685, “Endl a
cclvii. Balsaminacee, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. elxxxvi.

Flowers perfect, very irregular. Calyx 5—leaved, coloured, chdncous ; ;
two lateral sepals outermost, fae ore small or minute; on one side
Mopecagoer. the two fered Ww.

me connate into 2 or 5 of which ‘the anterior evuaite the spurred -

1) is much larger | than , hypogynous, imper-
fontly syngenesious. Ovary free, s-celled ; ovale :
pous ; stigma sessile. Fruit capsular (rarely drupaceous and fleshy),

splitting elastically into 5 valves, and dispersing the exalbuminous a
seeds. Embryo straight, with nd is oo and a short supe- es

rior radicle. cen as
Herbaceous Jenga with soft and. = Hagia

The mountains of Tropical Asia are the chief stations of these plants, a few of
‘A which are scattered in N. America, and Europe, and one in Madagascar. The
fi . common ‘ Balsam” of gardeners is a familiar example of the Order. None are of
much value to mankind.

I. IMPATIENS, L.

Ovary 5-angled or terete, 5-celled, with several ovules in eachcell. Cap-
sule 5-valved, splitting elastically. Seedsnumerous or few. Endl. Gen.
6060,

Annual or perennial, succulent herbs, natives of the warmer, temperate and tro-
pical zones, chiefly of the Northern Hemisphere. Leaves alternate, opposite or —
whorled, linear or lanceolate, serrate or toothed. Peduncles axillary, one or many-
flowered. Flowers yellow, red, white or parti-coloured. Name, impatient, from the
sudden opening of the capsule, when suddenly compressed. English name “ Touch-
me-not.”

1. I. capensis (Thunb. Prod. p. 41); leaves alternate, petiolate, ovate,
acuminate at each end, with piliferous crenatures ; peduncles axillary,
solitary, capillary ; spur longer than the flower. /V. Cap. p. 187. Bal-
_ samina capensis. DC. Prod. 1. p. 686.

_ Has. River banks in woods, in George, Uitenhage, at the Kat River, the Bosch-
_ rivier, and on to Port Natal, Thunberg, E. & Z.! Drege! Krauss, Gueinzius. Oct.—
‘Mar. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., Hook.).

‘Stem herbaceous, weak, erect, fleshy, glabrous, simple, 1 foot high. Leaves 15-3

inches long, 1-2 inches wide, narrowed into a sparingly piliferous petiole, with an
obtuse acumination and piliferous crenatures, penni-nerved, glabrous or thinly hairy.
Flowers from the axils of the upper leaves ; the peduncles 1-2 inches long. Corolla
3 inch long, shorter than the slender spur, pale rosy.

2. I. bifida (Thunb. l. c.); leaves alternate, petiolate, oblong, acu-
minate at each end, serrated; spur very long, bifid. 7. Cap. 187.
Balsamina bifida, DC. 1. ¢. ™

Han. Cape of Good Hope, Thunberg. %

“Stem herbaceous, weak, smooth, simple, erect, a spaigong. Leaves alternate,
petiolate, tapering at each end, a finger long. Flowers axillary, pedunculate. Pe-
duneles capillary, very lax, a finger long. Nectary horned, iveral times longer
than the flower, uncial, curved,” Thunb. Unknown to us. ~

=

———

Orper XXXIV. OXALIDEA, DC.
coe. Se & Sonpeg.) ‘
xalidex, DC. a I. p. 689, Endl. Gen. cclvi. Oxalidacex, Lindl.
and regular. Caly« 5-parted, imbricated in estiva-

Reg cc ee tc ee a

—

Owalis’| OXALIDE (Sond.) es

Stemless or caulescent herbs, often with tuberous roots ; rarely suffrutices, shrubs,
or even trees, with compound, exstipulate leaves ; natives of tropical and sub-tro-
pical countries, a few straggling into the colder parts of both temperate zones. Ox-
alis, the largest genus and type of the Order has very many species in South Africa,
and also abounds in extra-tropical 5. America, where some of the species form rather
tall shrubs. One is employed at Coquimbo, for house-building ! Its rodlike stems
are very durable, and are made into a sort of wicker-work-skeleton of the house-
walls, which are then strengthened and rendered water-tight by mortar and plaster-
ing. Oxalic-acid is the chief product of the Order, and gives the stems and foliage

the sharp acidity which recommends them to the thirsty traveller. Some are used
as "hed, The tuberous roots of several of the American species are starchy and
used for food. Ovalideee is usually sy, aor as a member of the Geranial sini of
Orders, and by some botanists is included in Geraniacee. I am more disposed to
consider them, with De Candolle, allied to Zygophyllee, with which they agree in
foliage and the albuminous seeds. By Planchon they are associated with Leguminose.

ay-108 L OXALIS. L.

Sepals 5, free or united at base. Petals 5, convolute, their claws con-
niving in oa funnel-shaped tube. Stamens 10, connate at base, 5 alter-
nate shorter. Styles 5, stigmas capitellate or pencilled. Capsule deeply

5-lobed, globose or oblong; seeds one or several. DC. Prod. 1. p.6go.
Endl. Gen. 6058.

The S. African species of this large genus are, with one exception, bulbous-rooted
perennials, stemless or caulescent, with alternate or fascicled leaves and scape-like
peduncles. The leaves are mostly trifoliolate, rarely 1-2-foliolate, or digitately many-
leafleted. Flowers red, purple, white, yellow, or streaked, appearing in the winter
and early spring months. Name from otus, acid or sharp; from the taste of the

foliage.
KEY TO THE ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES.
A. Peduncles one-flowered. (Sp. 1-98.)
I. Leaves simple. (Sp. 1-2.

II. Leaves bi-foliolate, the petiole broadly a (Sp. st)
III. Leaves trifoliolate, the potioks not wungne: Sp. 5-89.)

* Upper leaves crowded, mostly on long petioles. Pedant may emia (3-81)
(1) Leaflets linear, lanceolate, oblong or oe obolvata
(a.) Glabrous, or covered with very short, white hairs. 5-32)
(B.) Clothed with long, jointed, yellowish but not hairs. (Sp. 33-

ee ee (Sp. 8-43.) |

lean uae lobed.

Caulescent. (Sp. 76-80. )

() Aestalom: (Sp. 81.) =

** All the leaves sessile or very 8] ly petiolate, the upper not crowded ; the —
Bs regal Peduncles , never terminal, Caulescent, (Gp:

IV. Leaves digitate ; leaflets + 5-19. 6p. 90-98.)

314 | OXALIDEEZ (Sond.) [Oxalis.

B. Peduncles many-flowered. Leaves trifoliolate.
.; I 2 Root bulbous ; flowers yellow. (Sp. 99-101.)

Root bulbous ; flowers purple, rosy or white. (Sp. 102-107.)
Root fibrous ; "flowers yellow. Sp. 108.)

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

- Peduncles one-flowered.
a Leaves simple (unifoliolate)
Leaflets obovate or elliptical, obtuse or eee
nate... Ne -» «ss (1)monophylla, +
‘ Leaflets obcordate, sub-bilobed See - (2) Dregei.
II. Leaves bifoliolate, the petiole —— winged.
Leaflets lanceolate ...® (3) asinina, ©
Leaflets obovate, emarginate .. +» (4) fabsefolia. «
IIT. Leaves trifoliolate, the petiole not winged,

* Up Uae leaves crowded, mostly on long petioles. Peduncles terminal. (Sp.

(1.) Leaflets linear, lanceolate, oblong, or obovate. (Sp. 5-43.)

a.) Not glandular ; glabrous, or with short, whitish pubescence. (Sp. 5-32.)
¢ epsnsel linear or sub-cuneate ; bulb sharply an-

= iorhiza, *
Lei linear, laticoolats, oblong or ovate ; bulb ko
‘Sepals lanceolate, setabeo-cowmninate ee Aig tocalyx.
pals nol i ga (7) leptocalyx.
88. rous) (18 ta,
All the petioles bearing three leafle ‘ = ee
+ Leaflets linear-terete :
Stem 6-12-uncial ; leaflets dilated at the >.
(13) teretifolia,

apex . ve
Stem 3-uncial ; leaflets emanginate, m not :
dilated .. (8) Burkei.
+t Leaflets Tinead;” or as Stihtats
Stem or stipe leafless, scaly, rarely with a

few leaves:
Bulb black ;
Fi, purple leaft. a —
vou le ; leaf. iti pada” ee
e; lea recurv ; une
lone 2 ea as Pe -: (14) faleata, = *
Fi. le, with purple edges -++ see (10) versicolor, zs
Bulb. af. stra pis. é: :
Leaf. sub-glabrous, not ciliate, 6-12 '§
3 .. (11) polyphylla, +
Leah elbow or pilose, ‘ciliate 3-4
long ws ae es (6) glabra, var, 39 +

Ovalis.] OXALIDER (Sond.)

phason leafl. wavy, concave, to-

Glabrous: leafl. oblong or oval ove
Very hairy; leafl. broadly = dae
wavy and curled... ..
Flowers yellow or straw-coloured ; _
Pubescent ; leafl. narrow, undulate,
pilose on both sides...
Very thinly age a: leafl. lanceo-

; Quite glabrous ; Teafl. linear-ol
Stemless or stipitate; leaflets hao
cuneiform, flat, the lateral oblique
Caulescent ; the stem scaly or few- Jeaved
below the crown :—
Leafl. linear-oblong, cuneate, pubescent
on both sides
Leaft. linear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous
above, villous below... ... +
Leafl. lin. -oblong, white-hairy ...
Leafl. exactly-oblong, obtuse, pubescent
underneath

Caulescent ; leafy, Jeafl. “ouneate-oblong
or linear-oblong, carinate, etaarginate;

: the plant glabrous, or pilose a

Caulescent ; leafy, somewhat branched,

4 green, “puberulent ; the leaflets obovate-
oblong, flat ..

he ae Caulescent, much branched, amo:

) i. cent ;-leafi. carinate

Leaflets obovate, netted over with veins .
Leaf, oblong-cuneate,
biel linear-oblong, peenisenr et ape ane

as vee “akc ove i.

Tinear, aie above, servile

(y) Glandular, th ante aie ‘Sp. 38-43)
; stemless —

ie

(24) Algoensis.
(27) minuta. %

(31) hirsuta.

(23) crispula.
(20) laburnifolia.

(21) albida.
(22) Namaquana.

(30) mutabilis,

(19) cuneata, ?

(9) linearis, g.
(7) polytricha.

(28) ciliaris.”

(6) glabra. ¥

(29) virginea, ‘
(32) mutabilis.

(8) Not glandular ; clothed with long, jointed, yellowish hairs: (Sp. 33-37-)
(33) Meyeri.
veinless above, not dotted (34) =

— «816 OXALIDE# (Sond.) [Oxalis.

Leaflets wavy- te, glabrous above, or s
ss a ergot ee (47) collina.
Leafl. anteriorly crenate, silky-villous above (50) melanosticta,
Leaf. flat, the medial not crenate, rigidly
ciliate: corolla tubular... ... ... ...
Leafl. flat, the medial cuneate,
Leafi. glabrous or pubescent beneath, mi-
= nutely ciliate; corolla wide from the
base ; inner stamens toothed ..._... (45) Variabilis, +
Leafl. tomentose, or glabrous above 3 pe-
tioles and peduncles hairy ; inner sta-
mens toothless: - 3.2: er. Pea
Leafi. tomentose on both sides, with black
dots at margin and sides ; petioles and
peduncles pubescent ... 1... ... (49) ealligera,
Petioles terete or furrowed above. Glabrous.
Bulb smooth,
Leaf. cellulose above, minutely dotted

(44) purpurea. as

(48) pulchella,

beneath, veiny, green +++ ss se. (51) Commutata. Se
Leaf. with impressed dots on both sides,
pale beneath ; scape long... ... ... (52) convexula.
Leafl. as in 52; scape shorter than the (66)
Bulb angular (55) punctata, 8.

Petioles terete or furrowed above. Glandular.
Scape and petioles pilose, not glandular ;

leaflets glanduloso-ciliate = (53) setosa,
Scape and petioles glanduliferous,
Leaflets roundish-obtuse, glandular at
ON 2S BE ee Be rn Sa (54) adenodes,
Leaflets cuneate-sub-rotund, emarginate,
margin not glandular... ... ..... (55) punctata, +

(8.) Flowers yellow or yellowish. (Sp. 57-62.)
Bulb-scales gummy, not loose or separable ... (57) balsamifera.

Bulb-scales loose or separable :
Pubescent ; leaflets rounded (60) Eckloniana, a

Pubescent; leaflets roundish-cuneate, hollow

dotted beneath oi tees Sx (88) Intell, +
Pubescent ; leafl. roundish-cuneate, with
black or golden dots and stria |. --» (59) stictophylla,
RRR «5 vy caus bcs +» os (61) minima,
Glandularly pilose + +++ sss 44, (62) glaucescens.
ey (3) The medial leaflet, or all the leaflets obcordate. (Sp. 63-75.)
(a.) Stemless, or stipitate. (Sp. 63-69.)
Flowers white or rosy :
ae above, beneath villous, not
; 0 tt ats vee see eee css 4s, (63) Vitenhagensis.
Se en both sides, dotted under-
nea’ ts eee vee wer ities a ee ene,
Leajt. woolly-tomentose on both sides |. (69) lanata a

oa Flowers le or violet-coloured :
Se 3 leafl. glabrous and dotted
t 5

‘Veg lina dick, ana in

0 : a ; a . 3 iS tee bh ee eee roe
.

(65) eruentata.
- (66) obtusa, t
(67) truncatula,

Oxalis.] | OXALIDES (Sond. ) 317

(8.) Caulescent. (Peduncles both terminal and
axillary. (70-75.)
Petioles with stipuloid, basal dilatations :
Stem long, floating, few-leaved ; with a ter-

minal tuft (71) natans. :
Stem erect, leafy, leaves ‘distichous, crowded
atop” .~. ... (72) disticha. 2
Petioles not dilated or winged | at base:
Peduncles not bracteolated ... ... ... (74) ebracteata.
Peduncles bracteolated :
Stem and peduncles puberulous ... ... (73) tenella.
Stem and peduncles glandular ... ... (70) aganophila.
Stem and peduncles glabrous... ...... (7§) inearnata. x
(4) Leaflets deeply two lobed. (Sp. 76-81.)
(a) Caulescent :
Glabrous, sub-pruinose; stem leafy ... ... (76) comosa.
Glabrous, green; stem naked below ... ... (79) bifida. x

Villous ; leaf. refiexed, their lobes short, villous (78) heterophylla.
Whitish- tomentose ; leafi. eerie forked, lobes

silky beneath ... . : ... (80) bifurea,
Glandular, sub-viscid. ... .. ... ... +» (77) caledonica.
(8) Stemless; quite glabrous ... ... ... ... (81) Smithii.

** All the leaves sessile or very shortly petiolate, the upper not crowded ;
the petioles dilated at base. Peduncles axillary, never terminal. (Sp. 82-

89.)
Flowers purple, or violet :
Pubescent or hairy :
Leafl. narrow ; tube of petals narrow, 2—3ce as
long as limb 4. (82) tubiflora,
Leafl. narrow ; tube of petals wide, not longer
than limb (83) hirta. a
Leajfl. obovate, sub-rotund; ‘stem and branches
Incano-silieh halen d Saye ad ren
neano-pilose ; gland-tipped ane simp)
linear, pubescent beneath . nes .-- (88) Meisneri
Glandular-viscid ; lead. linear or oblong cuneate, “ies ne
thinly glandular beneath ... .. (86) viscosa, —
Glabrous, slender ; leafi, linear-emanginate, with
dots and lines... .. (87) pardalis.
Glabrous, stronger ; leafl. linear-cuneate, 1 I line
wide, obtuse, dotted beneath ... ... «+ (85) densifolia.
Flowers oi Hairy tomentose... ... ... ... (89) cana,

Leaf. ‘, niece not ‘callous-dotted ; ‘bulb
blackish |

(91) pentaphylloides.
Leafl, 5, lin lin.-involute, with ‘two “calli; “bulb pale ae
_ brown ... --» (92) pentaphylla, 4
Leatl. 5, dbovito-cuneati ‘not callous-dotted (93) quinata. ae
Flowers yellow :
Leaft, = oblong-linear, channelled ; sepals equal (96) flava. _
Leafl. 5-9, lin.-lanceolate, or linear ; sepals unequal (97) ftabellifolia,
Leafl. 5-7, —_* or obovate e oblong, — ; (o8) i

sep. unequal

318 — OXALIDER (Sond) [Owalis.

B. Peduncles many-flowered. Leaves tri-foliolate. (Sp. 99-108.)
(1.) Root bulbous, Flowers yellow or yellowish. (Sp. 99-101.)

Leafl. silky on both sides... ... 0 2... 4s. 1. (QQ) SePiCea. T
Leajl. pubescent beneath only ; petiole compressed,
Ciliates es eee ast tee vee aes (100) COMpTOSSA. | ae
~ Leaf. pubescent beneath only ; petiole terete, glab- laden Vile
BOO Sie © ape sar es a aes ee eg ee ee ee % +

(2.) Root bulbous. Flowers blueish, purple, rosy or white. (Sp. 102-107.)

Deaf. obcordate: 00 ee (104) purpurata.
Leafl. deeply obcordate-bilobed :
Stemless, pilose, glandular above ; umbel 8-12- :
flowered i359 Gig he eins, FIO) eam,
Stemless, glabrous ; umbel 2-6-flowered... ... (102) caprina.
Stipitate or caulescent ; pedunc. terminal. . ... (107) stellata.
Caulescent ; pedunc. axillary; leaf-lobes short, =
YONG =: 45 OO a ee eee
Caulescent ; pedune. axil.; leaf-lobes oblong or : 4
Wnene Orne a By ee eee ee ;
(3:) Root fibrous. Stem branched, diffuse or creeping (108) eorniculata. a =
, ce

A. Peduneles one-flowered. (Sp. 1-98).
I, Leaves simple. (Sp. 1-2.)

1. 0. monophylla (Linn. Syst. p. 432) ; stemless, puberulous ; leaves
te or elliptical, obtuse or subemarginate ; scape one-flowered ; sepals
rather acute. Thunb.! diss. No.1. Tab. 1. Fl. Cap. p. 532. Jacq. Oxal.

t. 79. f. 3. O. lepida, Jacq. l. c. t. 21. O. rostrata, Jac.! 1.¢.t.22. DC. ,

Prod. No. 83, 84,85. £.§ Z.! 7o1.

Var. 9. stenophylla ; leaves lanceolate or linear, obtuse. O. steno-

phylla, Meisn.! in Hook, Lond. Jour. 2. p. 54.

Has. Sandy hills, round Cape Town and Cape Flats, common (Thunberg, B. & —

Z. i de. 8. re Tulbagh, Krauss / Apr.-May. (Herb. Thunb. Holm., Vind., Meisn-, >
.C.D., Sond. 9 ss
Bulb globose, with a very delicate, torn, rusty-brown, soft, as if Ilanuginous coat

Leaves petiolate, the lamina 4-1 inch long. Peduncles 1-2 inches long or longer,

equalling or exceeding the leaves. Corolla pale purplish, with a yellowish tube.

__ 2. 0. Dregei (Sond.) ; stemless, quite glabrous ; leaves obcordate-
__ bilobed, obtuse at base ; scape one-flowered ; sepals obtuse. O. rostrata,
E. Mey! non Jacq. |
tas. Near rivulets, in the Kamiesberg Mts., KI. Namaqualand, Drege! Aug-
‘Herb. E. Mey., Sond. Vind.) oes —
Like the receding, but er and entirely glabrous ; and well distinguished by
leave Seen loss.. Leaves 4-5 lines wide, 3 lines long. Flowers
ylla, but rather , and seemingly pale rosy. Sepals very obtuse. —

Leaves bifotiolate ; the petiole broadly winged. (Sp. 3-4). |

Jacq. | 1. c. No. 38. t. 24) ; stemless, substipitate, gla-_ ae
e, cartilagine brous atthe edge ; scapes’

lanceefolia, Jacg.! 1. c. No. 40. t.

Pa
is
&
es

_ Oxalis.] 2 OXALIDEX (Sond.) 319
Var. 8. leporina ; leaflets elliptico-lanceolate ; flowers white, yellow
at base. 0. leporina, Jacg.! 1. ¢. t. 25. DC. No. 89.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. (v. s. c. in Hb. Jacq.)

Bulb brownish, Petiole 2 inches long, with lanceolate wings, which are sometimes
obsolete. Leaflets 2, rarely 3, 13-2 inches long, 4—1 inch wide ; in 8. smaller and
more obtuse. Scapes bibracteolate, equalling or exceeding the leaves. Corolla
yellow, in 8. white, with a reddish margin and yellow base.

4. 0. fabsefolia (Jacq. !1.c. No. 41. t, 27); stemless, substipitate, gla-
brous ; leaflets 2 or 3, obovate, emarginate, with a cartilaginous margin ;
scape one-flowered. DC. No. go.

Var. £. erispa ; leaflets broadly obovate, with an undulate, more evi-
dently cartilaginous margin. O. crispa, Jacq. l. ¢. t. 23. DC. 1. ¢. No. 86.
fl £ Has, Cape of Good Hope. (v. 8s. ¢. in Hb. Jacq.)

This species differs from the preceding only by its leaflets, 2-3 inches long, 14-2
inches wide, and the petiole which is mostly ovate or subrotund, Flowers pale yellow,
in B whitish, yellow at base, size of those of O. asinina.

III. Leaves trifoliolate, the petiole not winged. (Sp. 5-89).

* Upper leaves, terminating the stem or branches, crowded, on long petioles. Sea,
or peduncles terminal. Stemless or Caulescent species. (Sp. 5-81).

(1). Leafiets linear, lanceolate, oblong, or obovate. (Sp. 5-43).

(a). Not glandular ; glabrous, or clothed with short, whitish hairs. (Sp. 5-32).

5. 0. goniorhiza (E. & Z.! 699); bulb oblong, acutely 5-10 angled ;
stem short, erect ; leaflets narrow-linear, or subcuneate, keeled, with or
without a callosity below the emarginate apex ; peduncles longer than
the leaves; sepals lanceolate, glabrous, 4-5 times shorter than the co-

rolla. O. pusilla, B. Mey ! O. paliens, BE. & Z! 700, ex parte,

Var. 8. semiglauca; glabrous or downy ; stem rather taller, sub-
foliate, leafless, with 2 or more callosities. O. semiglauca, H.g Z! 691
“ey! 245, 218, : eee

Has. Sands near Zwartland, E..&Z./ Burke! Drege! Berg River, Oliphant’s

6. 0. glabra (Thunb. dissert. No. 17. f. 2); glabrous or pilose, witha
small, ovate, smooth bulb ; stem very short, leafless, or elongate, scaly or
leafy ; leaflets linear or oblong-linear, cuneate, with one or more
callosities at the apex, or base; peduncles glabrous, longer than the
leaves, bibracteolate at the apex ; sepals lanceolate, 3-4 times shorter
than the externally glabrous corolla.

Var. a. major; stem tall (a span long), glabrous or sparingly hairy,
simple or somewhat branched, leafy ; leaflets linear-oblong or oblong,
cuneate, glabrous, or ciliate, mostly bi-callous. 0. glabra, Thunb. lc
O. venosa, Sav. ! in Lam. Die. 4, p. 681. DC. No. 51. i

"Var. 8. minor; stem short (2-3 inches) ; leaflets oblong-linear, eu-
neate, with 2 or more calli, ciliated and pilose underneath. 0. glabr

— Jacq! lc. t.76.f. 3. DC. No. 139. EH. & Z.! 688. 0. cuneata,
Cap. p. 54°. O. ciliaris, E. §& Z.! O. linearis, EB. § Z. ! 687.

320 OXALIDEE (Sond,) [Owalis.

E. & Z.689. Herb. Un. No. 589. 0. elongata, 8B. amoena and O, gra- _
cilis, a, EH. Mey. O. arcuata, Meisn., in Pl. Krauss, non Jacq. ;

Var. y. pusilla ; stem very short, or scarcely any; leaflets linear or
linear-cuneate, 1-2-callous, rarely nude ? peduncles as long as the leaves
or a little longer ; flowers smaller, sepals mostly with callous dots. 0.
pusilla, Jacq. ! 1. c. t.42. E.§Z.! No. 692. 0. pusilla, «, and O. mi-
nuata ? FE. Mey.! Ominuta, EB. & Z.! 690. Meisn. ! in Pl. Krauss, non
Thunb. Hb. Un. No. 590.

Var. 6. albiflora ; somewhat hairy ; stem short ; flowers larger, white,
with yellowish bases.

Var. «. acuminata ; glabrous ; stemshort ; leaflets linear, small, with
several calli; sepals much acuminate, spreading, not callous tipped. 0.
gracilis, 8. H. Mey.

Has.. Sandy places round Capetown, and many places in Cape, Stellenbosch, and
Caledon Districts, common, Thunberg, de. &c. 8. Berg river, Zey/ 217. €, Zwart-
land, Drege! Krumrivier, Zey/ 219. Jul.-Aug. (Herb. Thunb., Lam., Jacq., E.

-; Meisn., Holm., T.C.D., Sond.) 2

lant polymorphous. Bulb 3-4 lines long, brownish. Petioles dilated at base,
glabrous or pilose, 2—4 lines long, rarely longer. Leaflets 3-4 lines long, 4-2 lines
wide, emarginate, appearing finely dotted under alens. Peduncles 1-2 inches long ;
in a, sometimes 3 inches. Corolla 8-10-12 lines long, with a yellow tube, and usually
a violet-purple limb, rarely whitish. It varies with double flowers.

7. 0. leptocalyx (Sond.) ; glabrous ; bulb ovate, smooth ; stem erect,
somewhat branched, leafy; leaflets linear, subcuneate, emarginate ; pe-
duncles one-flowered, equalling the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, setaceo-

: acuminate, not callous-tipped, ciliolate at the margin, as are the brac-
ie teoles ; corolla twice as long as the calyx, pilose externally.
ers Has. Moist places. Piquetberg, Zey! 216. June. (Herb. Sond.)

4 inches high, slender. Petioles 3-4 lines long. Leaflets 4—6 lines long. Sepals
four lines long. Corolla yellowish at base, the limb violet colour. Allied to var. ¢
of the preceding species. -

8. 0. Burkei (Sond.) ; glabrous or pilose ; stem slender, nearly leaf-
less ; leaflets linear, involute-subterete, emarginate, with apical calli ; pe-
duncles glabrous, longer than the leaf; sepals ovate-acuminate, nude,
ciliate (as well as the bracteoles) 6-8 times shorter than the corolla.

Var. 8. multiglandulosa ; leaflets dotted and striated with blackish
callosities, f
one gr Stony cae the — opt arag og ig rag? — ! ao /

257. £#. same 256, and on hi the iver, 262. May. —

(Glass. Hook, NOD. Bond) soca ep :

3 inches high, very slender. Bulb wanting. Petioles } inch long. Leaflets 3-4
pee: 4 line wide. Corolla 7-8 lines long, with a yellow tube and bluet be

’ 8 (Jacq, 1 Ox. t 32) ; bulb ovate, smooth ; stem or stipe
cumbent, leafless below ; leaflets linear, obtuse or sube-_

ove, villoso-pubescent underneath ; peduncles villous,
bracteoles near the calyx ; sepals lanceolate, 5-6
corolla; claws of the petals longer than the
3 Wo. 134. a S;

Oxalis | OXALIDEE (Sond.) 321

Var. y. minor ; leaflets shorter, linear-cuneate, obtuse or subemar-
ginate, hairy underneath.

Has. Cape, Jacquin! Acht valley, Zeyher! 8 Karroo, Drege, 3207. Between
Grootriet and Eenkoker, Zeyher 241,’ ex parte. ‘y. Eenkoker, Zeyher 229. May.
(Herb. Vind., E. Mey., Sond.)

Bulb blackish. Stem or stipe 3-4 incheslong. Petioles numerous, 1-2 inches
long. Leaflets 6-8 lines long, 1 line wide ; in 8, twice as wide ; in +. 3 lines longy
1 line wide. Corolla ¢ inch long, purple or red, yellowish at base. Very near 0.
cuneata (No. 27) which differs by its cuneate leaflets, pubescent on the upper side.

10. 0. versicolor (Linn. Sp. 622); glabrous or somewhat hairy ; bulb
ovate, with hard, black scales ; stem erect, with a few scales, or 1-2, -
leaves, many-leaved at the summit ; leaflets linear-cuneate, channelled *““S
above, emarginate, bicallous ; peduncles bibracteolate at the top, longer
than the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, acute ; limb of the petals white or
yellowish, with a red border. Jacq. Ox. t. 36 &t. 77. f.4. Thunb. Diss.

No. 19, ex parte. DC. No. 140. EH. § Z.! No. 693. O pallens, E. &
4! 700, ex parte. O. glabra, Meisn., non Thunb. O. tenuifolia, BE. Mey!
non Jacq.

Var. 8. flaviflora ; corolla yellow, limb with a deep red border ; leaf-
lets with two or more calli. Zey/ 247.

Var. y. elongata; stem more slender, often branched and leafy ;
leaflets with or without calli ; corolla with a yellow tube, and a white,
pale-red border. 0. elongata, Jacq. ! DC. No. 141. EL. & Z.! 694.

Var. 6. Meyeri; leaflets shorter, with a minute callus ; sepals more
acuminate, 0. versicolor, E. Mey. ! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Cape Flats, and round Capetown, very common. 8. at Berg river, Burke
and Zeyher. ‘y, a, and 8, in Zw d, Drege! Ap.-June. (Herb. Thunb., Vind., _

ny

sate. UY ‘gad

pilose. Capsule s-angled, inclosed in the calyx. Var. 7. looks very like 0. gracilis, y) |
: % Pow

Jacq., which has a very different corolla and

11. 0. polyphyile (sea. | Ox. t. 39); bulb rather large, subrotund,
with brown, membranous scales ; stem or stipe erect, simple or branched,
leafless and scaly below, many-leaved at the summit ; leaflets narrow-
linear or filiform, channelled or involute, emarginate, bicallous, glabrous at
both sides or subpilose underneath ; peduncles bibracteolate at the
summit, longer than the leaves; sepals lanceolate, obtuse, at length re-
curved; corolla with a purple limb, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 541. Burm. Afr.
t. 27. f. 1. 0. versicolor, Jacg.! Tc. Rarz t. 473. Hb. Lamk.!' Hb.|, 40
Un. It. 106. 0. polyphylla, gracilis and filifolia, E. & Z. ! 695, 696,’ ~
697. Zey! 215. Sieb. Cap. No. 120. O. polyphylla, « § 8, Meisn. %>
Var. @. filifolia ; leaflets very narrow, without calli, or with a very
small callus. O. filifolia, Jacg. ! Schoenb. t. 273. DC. No. 1
revoluta and O. filifolia, E. Mey. ia «eager

322 OXALIDEH (Sond.) [Owalis.

Var. y. pubescens ; densely pubescent in all parts, leaflets mostly —
without calli ; sepals more acute. 0. polyph. 8. glandulosa, E.& Z. !
696, B. of

Has. Moist sandy places on the Cape Flats, Hott. Holland, &c., common. 8,
in the same places and at Drakenstein, Dreye. Vanstaadensberg, Uit., Zey/ 2132.
‘y, on mountain sides near Brackfontein, Clanw., 2. & Z./ Ap.-Jun. (Herb. Thunb.,
‘Holm., Vind., E. Mey., T.C.D., Sond. &c.)

Very like the preceding, with which, in many Herbaria, it is confounded, but
readily known by the thin brown bulb-scales, narrower leaflets, and deep purple
flowers. Var. 6 differs from O. Burkei, otherwise dissimilar, by its long petioles,
twice as long as the leaflets, narrower corolla-tube, and blueish limb. 0, amoena
Jacq. ! Schoenb. t. 206, seems to be a mere variety of O. polyphylla,, with a de-
clinate, 1-2-leaved, downy stem, and rather larger flowers ; it is wanting in Herb. Jacq.

12. 0. gracilis (Jacq. ! Ox. t. 33); bulb roundish, brown ; stem long,
glabrous, leafy, mostly branched, many-leaved at summit; leaflets
linear-obtuse or subemarginate, flattish, glabrous above, appressedly
hairy underneath, without calli; peduncles equalling the leaves, or
longer, bibracteolate at the top ; sepals downy, linear-lanceolate, 4 times
shorter than the deep red or pale rosy corolla. DC. Prod. No. 136. P.
versicolor. y, gracilis Willd. Sp. 2, p. 792. oe ae

Var. 8. miniata; the subacute limb of the corolla deep crimson In-
side. O.miniata, Jacqg.! t.35. DC. No. 137.

Var. y. reclinata; stem very long, reclinate, glabrous or appressedly
pilose; the rounded, obtuse limb of the corolla pale crimson. 0. rech-
nata, Jacq. ! t. 34. DC. No. 135.

Has. Moist sandy places. Between Oliphant’s River and Knackisberg, Zey.!
211, (Herb. Vind., Sond.). : ,

Stem 6-18 inches high, erect or declined, brown, mostly quite glabrous, with a
few scattered leaves or short branchlets. Petioles glabrescent, 14-2 inches long.
Leaflets 4-1 inch long, 1-2 lines wide, green, flat or with the margin slightly rolled
in ; the lateral horizontal. Peduncles pilose. Corolla bell-shaped, jf inch long;
glabrous. Filaments mostly glabrous. Styles very variable, even in Jacquin 8 5pe
cimens. The “ pale yellow calli, scattered over the under surface of the leaflets,
attributed by Jacquin to his O. reclinata are not visible on his own authentica
specimens. This species is known from 0. linearis, Jacq. by its bulb, its long leafy
stem, longer leaflets and shorter, campanulate corolla,

13. 0. teretifolia (Sond.) ; bulb roundish, yellow-brown ; stem simple,
elongate, naked or scaly, glabrous, many-leaved at the summit ; ents
_—-narrow-linear-subterete, with involute margin, dilated at the caer

[
[
be.
[
ee
pt
z
I
|

many calli wnderneath, and appressedly pilose ; peduncles as long as
petioles, bibracteate; sepals lanceolate, 6-8 times shorter than the corolla ;
tube of corolla narrow, limb obovate. ; e8
Muddy places at Eenkoker, Zeyher, 212. (Herb. Sond. eee
ills: Weems) Goals aenac’ feet with Na ai teas > Petioles terete,
uncial, Leaflets 6 lines long, } line wide, dotted with blackish calli. Se
diy pilose, 14 lines long, with a purple point. Petals glabrous, the
limb red. Known from the two preceding by its narrow leaves, dilated
rate corolla ; from 0.

Oxalis.] OXALIDER (Sond.) 323

brous above, appressedly pilose underneath, without calli; peduncles
downy, much longer than the leaves, bibracteolate ; sepals linear-
lanceolate, pubescent, 4-5 times shorter than the somewhat hairy co-
rolla, which has a yellowish tube and an ample, violet-purple limb. O.
elongata, E. & Z.! 694, non Jacq. O. elongata, a, H. Mey.! Zey! 114.
Hb. Un. It: 591. -

Var. 8, callosa ; leaflets a little broader, bicallous under the tip. 0.
elongata, b, E. Mey. t

Has. Among shrubs, at the foot of the Lion’s Mountain and other er
Capetown, FE. & Z./, Drege! Gc. B. in Zwartland, Drege! Winter. (Herb. Vind.,
T.C.D., Sond.)

Bulbs often aggregate. Stems 2-3 incheslong. Petioles uncial, or siititee: Leaf-
lets 3-4 lines long, a line wide, dotted. Peduncles 2-3 inches. Cor." ‘9-10 lines long.
Var. 8 has shorter and broader leaves, with calli. This differs from its allies by its
pubescence, and from Q. versicolor also by the colour of the flower.

15. 0. tenuifolia (Jacq. ! t. 38); bulb ovate, blackish ; stem erect,
leafy, pubescent, many-leaved at the summit; leaflets linear, carinate,
emarginate, subpilose, on the underside margined with many calli; pe-
duncles longer than the leaves, pubescent, bibracteolate ; sepals lance-
olate, pubescent, thrice as short as the campanulate corolla; tube of
corolla yellowish, limb white with a red border. DC. No. 142. Lodd.
Cab. t. 712. O. versicolor, 3, Thunb. O. Thunbergiana, patula, and Lod-
digesiana, EZ. & Z. ! 683, 684, 685. O. limbata, EF. Mey.!

Has. Grassy and stony places, near Constantia, and along the east sides of
Table Mountain. Hott. Holland, the Paarlberg, Drakensteen, Palmiet River, and
in Zwartland, Thunberg, E. § Z.! Drege, W.H.H., ce. Ap.-May. (Herb. Holm.,
Vind., E. Mey., T.C.D., Sond. &c.)

6-12 inches high. Stem rarely branched, leafy from the base or middle, with
crowded leaves and undewslenakt branchlets.» Petioles of the lateral leaves rather
shorter than the leaflets ; of the terminal as long as the leaflets. Leaflets 4-6 li
long, soutcoly 3 line wide. eit 2 | inh as erect or sg a

shorter petio: Sas dajilets-dco'unrcowel-iad sea Sues

16. 0. Mundtii (Sond.) ; bulb ovate, ee ‘prea eke: stein i die .
scaly, leafless or somewhat leafy above, many-leaved at ‘the summit ;
the petioles, wnder sides of leaflets, peduncles, and calyces, pubescent with

short hairs ; leaflets as long as their petiole, linear, complicate, ob- —

very

tuse, or minutely emarginate, glabrous above, without ‘calli ; Wncle *.

pibracteolate, longer than the leaf; sepals ovate or sutb-lanceo ate, 4-6 —

times shorter aia the corolla; ‘tube of corolla yellowish, limb violet-

purple. :
Var. a. minor; leaflets 2-3 Vines long, 13 lines wide ; limb of the a

corolla violet purple. —
Var. 8. albiflora ; leaflets 2-3 inas long; 13 lines wide ; corolla —

white.

VaR. Y- eect mec leaflets 4 item long, 1 line wide, rusty above ;
tube of the corolla shorter, limb pale, with red border.
Has. Sandy and muddy places, a, at the Berg and Hex Rivers, Zeyi
at Berg R., / 250. ‘y. Swellendam, Mundt. ! Ma: i a
aon ri jac. Siem > sinh, with 2-3 very shor ra

324 OXALIDEZ (Sond.) [Oxalis.

crown. Petioles 4-6 lines long. Peduncles 1-11 inches long. Cor. 8-9 lineslong,
with a wide limb. Known from 0. linearis by the bulb, and hairy stem and leaves, —
and short petioles ; from 0. Burkei by the pubescence and want of calli.

17. 0. polytricha (Sond.); bulb swbrotund, with brown scales ; stem
short, leafly, pubescent, many-leaved at the summit ; petioles equalling
or exceeding the leaves, pilose; leaflets Hinear-obloug, keeled, emargi-
nate, without calli, glabrous above, clothed below with long white hairs,
and ciliate at the margin ; peduncles equalling the leaves, bi-bracteolate,
and the calyx hairy ; sepals lanceolate, 6-7 times shorter than the
corolla,

Has. Achtvallei, near Oliphant’s River, Zeyher! 226, ex parte. May. (Herb.
Vind., Sond.)

Bulb } inch. Stem 2 inch, simple. Petiole 3-6 lines long. Leaflets 2-24 lines
long, 3 lines wide, green above, very smooth. Corolla nearly uncial, with a nar-
row, yellowish tube, and a violet-coloured or red limb.

18, 0. ligulata (E. Mey.!); stemless, glabrous ; outer leaves trifolio-
late, with linear, emarginate, dotted leaflets ; inner leaves elongate, with-
out leaflets, with a lanceolate-ligulate pellucid petiole ; scape longer than
the leaves, bi-bracteolate ; sepals lanceolate, thrice as short as the large
corolla.

2 ine Rocky places. Little Namaqualand, Drege, 3198. Aug. (Herb. Vind.,
. Mey., Sond.). ‘

A very remarkable species. Leaves numerous ; the leafless petioles (phyllodia ja
span long, 2 lines wide ; the rest 3-4 inches. Leaflets inch long, 2 lines wide, some
shorter and narrower, all either without calli, or below the tips and along the mar-
gins marked with a row of spots. Scape 1 foot high, with two sub-opposite brac-
teoles, three lines long. Flower nodding, at length sub-erect. Sepals 4-5 lines
long, obtuse. Corolla campanulate, seemingly flesh-coloured or reddish, an inch or
more in length, the tube four lines wide, the limbs of the petals rounded, obtuse.

19. 0. cuneata (Jacq. ! tab. 40) ; stipitate or caulescent, pubescent ;
leaflets flat, linear-oblong, cuneate, emarginate, thinly pubescent at each
side, the lateral equal ; scapes as long as the petiole ; sepals lanceolate,
5 times shorter than the corolla. DC. No. 131. 0. euneifolia, Jacg.!
t. 41. DC. No. 132.

Has. Cape. (v. s. Hb. Jacq.) :

Bulb ovate, rather smaller than a hazel nut. Stipe or stem 2-3 inches. Petiole
-2inch long. Leaflets } inch long, two lines wide at the top. Sepals pubescent.
Petals 8-1o lines long, white, yellow at base. Like O. linearis, but with cuneate
_ ® leaflets, pubescent on both sides. It is known from 0. mutabilis, Sond., by the nar-
____- rower leaflets, the lateral equalling the medial, and all cuneate at base.

20. 0. laburnifolia (Jacq. ! t. 28); stemless, thinly pubescent ; leaflets
oblong, obtuse, the medial oblong-lanceolate, narrowed at base, the lateral
obliq at base ; petiole semi-terete, compressed; scape as long as the
i shorter, bi-bracteolate ; corolla yellow, 5-6 times longer than
the acute sepals. DO. No.g1. 0. sanguinea, Jacg. | t.29. DC. No. 92-
VAR. f Stata ; leaflets lanceolate, obtuse.

a

in. Sandy and stony places between Olifant’s River and
same place, Zey,/ 225. June. (Herb. Vind., Sond.)

toa dull green, at length glabrescent. Bulb ovate,

ne -2 inch long. Leaves numerous. Petioles

edial leaflets 14-2 inch long, §— inch wide,

Oxalis.] OXALIDEE (Sond.) 325°

longer than the lateral, all obtuse or very shortly emarginate, pubescent or sub-
glabrous, ciliate, marked with reddish dots and striz. Peduncles bi-bracteolate in
the middle, deflexed after flowering, pubescent like the calyx. Flowers large, yel-*
low. Var. B. is known by lanceolate leaflets twice as narrow, the medial 15-24
inches long, 3-4 lines wide, the lateral shorter but equally broad, and flowers a little
smaller.

21. 0, albida (Sond.) ; stemless, densely hairy, with short, white hairs ;
leaflets oblong-linear, obtuse, with concave dots, somewhat longer than the
petiole ; scape equalling or excelling the petiole ; corolla six times
longer than the sub-obtuse, gland-tipped sepals.

Has. Sandy places between Hartebeeste R. and Eenkoker, Zey. / 228, May. (Herb.
Vind., Sond.) ou

A minute, whitish plant. Bulb wanting. Stipe subterranean, very short. Leaves
numerous. Leaflets 4-6 lines long, 1-14 lines wide, thickly clothed with shining
hairs, at length glabrate above, pellucid. Petioles sub-compressed, 2—4 lines long.
Scapes hairy, becoming smooth, with setaceous bracteoles. Calyx tomentose, at
length glabrate, with 2-4 reddish calli below the tips. Cor. yellow, large for the
plant, inch long ; petals with long claws and a wide limb.

22. 0. Namaquana (Sond.) ; stemless or stipitate, quite glabrous ;
leaflets oblong-linear, acutely emarginate; scapes equalling the leaves ;
bracteoles ovate-acuminate, adhering to the calyx ; sepals unequal, 3-4
times shorter than the corolla. 0. flava, P. trifoliata, EZ. Mey. !

Has. Kamiesberg, Kl. Namaqualand, Drege/ Aug. (Herb. E. Mey., Vind.,
Sond.)

Stipes short or long. Petioles articulated above the dilated base, subterete,
channelled, inch long. Leaflets petiolulate, six lines long, 1-1} line wide. Brac-
teoles rather large. Sepals obtuse. Corolla yellow, nearly as in 0. flava.

23. 0. crispula (Sond.); stemless or stipitate, pubescent ; leaflets —
linear-oblong, wndulate and curled at the margin, pilose on both sides; —
scapes equalling the petiole ; sepals lanceolate, five times shorter than
the corolla. ; ee

ind., 8 ee 2

Minute,{with an oblong bulb. Stipe scarcely any, or 2-4 inch long, with few
scales. "Pédolee uncial. Leaflets six ies long, 1-1 5 Mag sbhdiee, witha ctéiel,
sinuate margin. Sepals 11 lines long. Petals We pec os

24, 0. Algoensis (E. & Z.! 704) ; stemless, pubescent ; leaflets with
a somewhat wavy Ae: saocticle Lees concave, dotted and glabrous
_above, tomentose underneath, the lateral oblong, unequal-sided, the me-
dial elliptic-oblong ; scapes excelling the petioles ; sepals lanceolate-
acuminate, thrice as short as the corolla. :

Has. Stony hills near Port Elizabeth, Z.& Z./Sep. (Herb. Vind., Lehm.,
Sond.). : : ay

jae numerous. Petioles two inch, pubescent. Leaflets six lines long, lateral
one line, medial 2-2} lines wide. Scapes pubescent. Bracts setaceous,
under the calyx, or none. Sepals four lines long. yellowish at base, the limb

25, 0. bifolia (B. & Z.! 725); stemless, downy ; leaves mostl y tr00,
rarely 3 or 4; leaflets oblong, emarginate, ciliate, the lateral oblique at
base, medial sub-cuneate ; scapes ebracteolate, equalling or excelling

the leaves ; sepals lanceolate, 6-7 times shorter than the corolla.

| 326 OXALIDER (Sond.) [Oxalia,

Has. Sandy places at Olifant’s River, Clanw., Z. & Z./ Langevallei, Zey./'224. —
May.-June. (Herb. Vind., Lehm., Sond.).

Minute, with very few leaves. Bulb ovate, 3—4 lines long, brownish. Petioles
mostly 4 inch, rare.y 1-2 inches. Leaflets in the smaller specimens 3-4 lines long,
two lines wide, in the largest nine lines long, three lines wide, cordate at base,
acutely emarginate, dotted underneath, and minutely ciliolate. Corolla pale yellow,
with a, whitish or pale-rosy limb, inch long or longer.

26, 0. approximata (Sond.) ; stemless or stipitate, hairy ; leaves
3-6 ; leaflets oblong, obtuse, somewhat narrowed at base, with a slight-
oe ly incurved margin, ciliated with rigid hairs, quite even above, concave-
| dotted underneath ; scapes equalling the leaves, ebracteolate ; sepals
es lanceolate, four times shorter than the corolla. 0. ciliaris, b. (non a.)
es E. Mey. !
| Has, Piquetberg, Pietersfontein, Drege/ 3209. Jul. (Herb. E. Mey.,Sond.)

Nearly allied to the preceding, this differs in its brownish bulb twice as large,
hairy petiole and scape, rigidly ciliate leaflets (eight lines long, 24-3 lines wide)
obtuse and rounded at each end, not emarginate ; in the longer calyx, and corolla
with shorter tube. Corolla yellow at base, with a blush-white limb.

27. 0. minuta (Thunb. ! diss. 2. t. 2) ; stemless, slender, glabrous ;
leaves numerous ; leaflets oblong or oval, obtuse or retuse, quite even on
both sides or minutely dotted underneath, the medial petiolulate ; scapes

¥ longer than the leaves, bi-bracteolate ; sepals lanceolate, 4-5 times
shorter than the corolla. Jacq. t. 79. f. 2. O. tenella, Lodd. Bot. Cab.
t, 1096, non Jacq. O.litoralis, EZ. & Z.! 703.

Var. 8. major; leaves larger, oval, or obovate, often ciliolate. 0.
pratensis, E, & Z.! 702. ;

Has. Hills round C: and on Hott. Hollandsberg, Thunberg, &c. 8. Paar-
devalley and Hott. Holl. F. § Z.! Ap.Jul. (Herb. Thunb., Vind., T.C.D., Sond.)

t-2 inches high, with a small, ovate bulb. Petioles 4 inch. Leaflets 3-4 lines
long, two lines wide, or less, without glands. Scape 2-3 times longer than the leaf,
with setaceous bracteoles. Corolla uncial, the tube yellowish, limb white, sometimes
edged with lilac externally. Var. 8. has leaflets 6-7 lines long, 3~4 lines wide, with
a naked or ciliolate margin.

28, 0. ciliaris (Jacq. ! t. 30) ; caulescent, pubescent ; leaflets petio-
_ lulate, all exactly oblong, obtuse or shortly emarginate, glabrous above,
below and at the margins pubescent ; peduncles downy, longer than the
leaves ; sepals lanceolate, four times shorter than the corolla.
‘Has. Cape. Herb. Jacq.! (v. 8. cult.) bs
_ A span long, covered with short, soft hairs. Leaves along the stem few, simple
= and trifoliolate, numerous at the summit, with petioles 1-3 incheslong. Leaflets

) lope long, three lines wide, not cuneate. Scape 3-4 inch long. Bracteoles 2,

yx, narrow. Sepals about two lines long. Corolla purple with a yel-

ea (Jacq. Schoenb. t. 275) ; canlescent, downy in all
ong, striate ; stem erect, , ramulose ; leaves petio-
aggregate ; lateral leaflets oblong, medial obovate-cu-
shorter than the leaf ; sepals oblongo-lanceolate, 3-4
mee DC No. 47. as

lateral half inch. Petals six lines ~

cs

dey. 204. (Herb. Vind., ign

Oxalis.] - OXALIDEZ (Sond.) ea me

long, sulphur-coloured at base, with a white limb. Possibly a caulescent form of

following. .

80. 0. mutabilis (Sond.) ; stemless or stipitate, pubescent, or ap-
pressedly pilose ; leaflets flat, obovate-cuneiform, obtuse or emarginate,
the lateral oblique ; scapes equalling the petiole, or longer ; sepals lan-
ceolate, 5-6 times shorter than the corolla.

Var. o, ; somewhat whitish-pubescent; the medial leaflet cuneate-
obovate, sub-cordate, lateral elliptic-oblong or obovate. O. fuscata,Jacg.!
t. 45. DC. No. 103. 0. strumosa, Jacq./ t. 64. DC, No. 114.

Var. 8.; somewhat whitish-pubescent ; middle leaflet cuneate-obo-
vate, obtuse or sub-retuse, the lateral oblong. O. undulata, Jacq.! t. 44.
DC. No. 100, (the leaflets often somewhat wavy). O. ferruginata, Jacg.!
Shoenb. t. 274. DC. No. 98. 0. exaltata, Jacg.! Ox. t. 49. DC. No.
1o1. O.ambigua, Jacg.! t. 43. DC. No. 99. 0. tricolor, Jacq.! t. 47,
48. DC. No. 94. 0. rubro-flava, Jacg.! t. 50. DC. No. 93. O. flac-
cida, Jacq.! t. 51. DC. No. 97.

Var. y.; leaflets cuneate-obovate, the lateral oblique, appressedly
pilose underneath, the hairs projecting beyond the margin and some-
what pencilled at the apex.

Has. Cape, Jacquin / a, in sandy places between Grootriet and Eenkoker, Zeyher /
8. in muddy places at Bitterfontein, Zeyher/ Liliefontein, Drege 3208. y, at’Kamas,
Bushmansland Zey.! 2128. (Herb. Vind., E. Mey., Sond.).

Bulb oval. Stipe very short, or several inches long. Petioles 1-3 inches long.
Leaflets 4-7 lines long, 3 lines wide, sometimes spotted. Sepals 14-2 lines long,
sometimes unequal, one or two longer and more obtuse. Colour of the petals very
variable, the tu tube in all yellowish, limb Troe d crag rarely yellowish or pale
yellow, of one colour, or red-bordered e pecies almost falls under
the section with roundish leaflets, ev Gil inacent WAAAY aoe oblont.

31. 0. hirsuta (Sond ) ; stemless. very hairy ; leaflets broadly ovate,

complicate, with curled and undulate margins glabrous, and dotted on

the upper, hairy on the under surface and margins ; scapes « Re
the petiole ; sepals lanceolate, hairy, four times shorter than the corolla. oh
- Karroo, on the road from Rhinosterkopf to Beaufort, Zeyher. Api. (Herb.
- A very small about an inch high, thickly clothed with white hairs. Stipes
18 eee ae gy bra 9: rene oni: Sare

Leaflets 2-3 lines long, the lateral incurved. Sepals two lines

seesainghyvioleh 0s Sap, itnes jetioatah. rbie 22. Veryinnas Ovcrispula, Sond. from

which its whitish pubescence, ae ee eee laws, and

82. 0. > ramigers (Sond); fal, cman OS hates tis hae

clothed with very thin grey pubescence ; branches bearing a tuft of leaves 2 : i
and scapes at the summit ; leaves on long petioles, the leaflets elliptical, —

obovate-cuneate, emarginate, complicate, glabrous above, cano-pubescent —

underneath ; scapes equalling the leaves, bi-bracteolate ; swe lanceo- ae
_ late, four times shorter than the corolla.

oe = bap ieee leaflets and flowers but half the size.

muddy soil between Bitterfontein and Micrenskasteel, / gi
Peart FKenkoker and Bitterfontein, rds ate Grootriet ene pe

328 OXALIDEZ (Sond.) [ Oxalis.

A remarkable species. One or two feet high, with a few broad scales at the base, —
soon dividing into several longer or shorter branches. Petioles uncial. Leaflets —
about three lines long, 14-2 lines wide. Bracteoles sub-opposite, setaceous. a
24 lines long. Corolla yellow at base, the limb pale rose-red. Var. §. differs in tl
smaller leaves, often not more than a line long, and flowers half the size, with
blueish-red limb.—This nearly approaches the section whose species have roundish or
obcordate leaves ; but its habit is nearer that of this section. =

(8). Not glandular ; beset with long, jointed, yellowish hairs : flowers rosy, vio-
let-purple or white. Xanthotriche. (Sp. 33-37).

33. 0. Meyeri (Sond.) ; stipitate, scaly ; leaves on long petioles ; leaf-
lets obovate, minutely emarginate, glabrous, with impressed and netted
veins, but not dotted above, sparingly pilose underneath and ciliated; _
scapes equal to the petiole, bi-bracteolate ; sepals lanceolate, four times —
as short as the corolla. 0. ciliaris, a., H. Mey.! non Jacq.

Var. 8. minor; with shorter petioles, and smaller, rounded-obo-
vate leaflets. O. purpurea and O. speciosa, «., purpurea, LE, Mey. !

Has. Hills near the Great Berg River. 8. between Kanonenberg and Bergriver,
Rhinostersbosch, Drege! (Herb. Vind., Lehm., E. Mey., T.C,D., Sond.).

Stipe hairy, several inches long, scaly in the upper half. Petioles slender, two
inches Jong ; in B. one inch, hairy. Leaflets petiolulate, sub-coriaceous, 9-12 lines
long, 4-6 lines wide ; in 8. six lines, by five. Scapes hairy, with linear bracteoles. 4
Sepals acuminate, hairy. Corolla white, inch long. =

34. 0. florida (E. Mey. !) ; stipitate or caulescent, rarely stemless ;
stem below with a few scales or leaves, many-leafed at summit ; leaves
on short petioles ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, acutely emarginate, green above,
glabrous, veinless, not dotted, hairy underneath and ciliated; scapes —

equalling or exceeding the petiole, bi-bracteolate; sepals lanceolate, 4
times shorter than the corolla.

Var. «a. flower red. 0. florida, E. Mey. !
Var. 8. flower white. 0. virginea, E. Mey.! non Jacq.

Has. Hills in Rhinosterbosjes, Zwartland, Drege/ Wolverivier, Burke and Zeyher !
— River, Zey.! 1890, 1891, June. (Herb. E Mey., Vind., Hook., T.C.D.,
d.).

Stipe or stem a span long, scaly from the base, the scales now and then leaf-
i Petioles of the upper leaves 4 inch long, hairy. Leaflets 4-6 lines long,
two lines wide, the mid-rib impressed on the upper surface, but without visible veins.
_ Seapes and sepals hairy. Corolla 10 lines long, with a yellowish tube ; limb white,
aes. 0. affinis (Sond.) ; stipes hairy ; leaves on longish petioles ; leaf-
— lets linear-obl g, obtuse or sub-emarginate, glabrous above, penninerved,
veiny, and dotted, hairy beneath and ciliolate ; scapes equalling or excel-
@ leaves, bi-bracteolate ; sepals ovate cuspidate-acuminate, 4-5

than the corolla. 0. tricolor, E § Z.! 742. non Jacq.

with few scales. Petioles very hairy, 1-2 inch long. Leaflets
lines wide. Scapes very hairy, with setaceous bracts. Calyx
yellow tuo and sale blueish limb, bordered with

»

Oxalis.] OXALIDE& (Sond ) 829

36. 0. angusta (Sond.) ; stipitate or caulescent and often somewhat
branched ; leaves moderately petioled ; leaflets linear, minutely emar-
gate, complicate, with recurved points, glabrous and nerveless above,
pilose underneath ; scapes rather hairy, equalling the leaves, bi-brac-
teolate ; sepals lanceolate acuminate, four times shorter than the corolla.
O. cuneifolia, H. Mey.! non Jacq.

Has. Zwartland, on hills in Rhinosterbosje, Drege/ Kalebaskraal Zeyher’ Jun.—
Jul. (Herb. E. Mey., Vind., Lehm., Sond.).

Stipes 1~2-uncial, rather hairy, with a few broad, brown, glabrous scales. Petio
les 3-1-uncial, hairy. Leaflets 8-12 lines long, one line wide. Scapes several, reflexed
after flowering. Calyx three lines long. Petals with yellow tube and white limb.

37. 0. adspersa (E. & Z.! 743); stipes hairy ; leaves on long petioles;
leaflets narrow-linear, scarcely emarginate, with involute margins, gla-
brous and nerveless above, sprinkled with orange-coloured glandular calli
beneath ; scapes longer than the leaves, bi-bracteolate; sepals ovate, _
cuspidate-acuminate, hairy, six times shorter than the corolla. :

Has. In sandy and muddy soil, near Brackfontein, Clanw., #. § Z./ May. (Herb.

Sond.).
Stipe 1-2-uncial, with few scales. Petioles glabrous, 1-2-uncial. Leaflets 12-15

lines long, scarcely one line wide, not hairy at either side. sub-pilose, with
setaceous bracts. Corolla uncial, reddish-lilac or violet, with a yellow base.

(y). More or less clothed with gland-tipped hairs. (Sp. 38-43).

38. 0. glandulosa (Jacq. ! Ox tab. 46) ; stemless or stipitate, downy,
with short gland-tipped hairs ; leaves on long petioles; leaflets oblong,
obtuse, black-dotted, the medial cuneate, the lateral oblique at base; pe-
duncles equalling the leaf, bi-glandular in the middle ; sepals oblong-
lanceolate, rather obtuse, without calli, four times shorter than the co-
rolla. DC. 1c. No. 102.

Has. Capé, Hb. Jacquin! (v. s. c. in Hb. Jacq.)

Stipes, or ati aan Pouches and scapes slender, 3-4 inches long. Leaflets 5-
6 lines long, 3-4 lines wide, thin, green, sparsely puberulous on each side. Sepals 2
lines long. Petals white, yellow at base.

39. 0. multicaulis (E. & Z.! 681) ; bulbs ovate-oblong, blackish ;
stems erect, leafy, thickly glandular-pubescent ; terminal leaves on long
petioles ; leaflets oblong, cuneate, emarginate, complicate, glabrous above,
a y pilose beneath ; at the apex and margins calloso-glandular ;
peduncles equalling the leaves, bi-bracteolate, glandular ; sepals lanceo-
late, glandular, 4 times shorter than the puberulous bell-shaped corolla.
O. tenuifolia, E.d& Z.! 682.non Jacq.

Stony and sand, ed a ere Mt. and near Wynberg :
ides bees Hence a! ynriviersberg, E. ¢ Z.! Zeyher / 2131. ipsa: (Hb.

bordered -
naire Poamggpe or bulb twice as large, and flowers 4 the size ; from the latter by
leaflets 2-3 times and shorter ; and from both by the glandular pubescence.

330 OXALIDEH (Sond.) [ Oxalis.

40. 0. recticaulis (Sond.); bulbs aggregate, ovate, and black ; stem —
straight, simple or somewhat branched, /eafy, densely glandular-pu-
bescent ; terminal leaves numerous, equalling the petiole ; leaflets Ainear-
cuneate, keeled, emarginate, glabrous above, appressedly pilose beneath,
below the apex and along the margin bordered with glandular calli ; scapes
erect, equalling the leaves, bi-bracteate, and the calyx glandular ; sepals

| lanceolate obtuse, bicallous, five times as short as the corolla,
; Has. Piquetberg Zeyher, 209, June. (Herb. Sond.) Bb
| Bulb } uncial. Stem a span long, clothed from the middle to the apex with —
some leaves from scale-bases, 1 inch asunder. Petioles glandular, those of the late- .
ral leaves very short. Leaflets 3-4 lines long, a line wide, thicker at the margm.

Corolla 8-9 lines long, the tube yellowish, the lobes of the limb pale, with red
border.

. 41. 0. clavifolia (Sond.); bulb (unknown) ; stem erect, slender, —
sparingly glandular, scaly, or with a few leaves ; terminal leaves crowded,
on long petioles ; leaflets linear-cuneate, carinate, dilated at the pomt,
emarginate, glabrous on both sides, without calli, margined with very
_ short, gland-tipped hairs ; scapes cernwous, at length erect, bi-bracteo-—
late, glandularly hairy ; sepals acuminate, without calli, 5 times shorter
than the corolla. £
Has. Knakisberg, Zeyher / (Herb. Sond.). we
A weak plant, three inches high. Petioles uncial, glabrous, or with few glandu-
lar hairs. Leaflets 3-4 lines long, suddenly tapering from a cordai ee
apex 11 lines wide. Younger peduncles short and cernuous, at length long and
erect. Calyx one line long. Corolla six lines long, glabrous or few-glanded ou
side, the tube yellowish, with violet limb.—Like the preceding, but at first sigh
known by its complicate leaflets suddenly dilated, and thus seemingly clu ped,

42. 0. droseroides (E. Mey. !) clothed in all parts with yellowish,
gland-tipped hairs ; stem short, subsquamose; leaves equalling the pe-—
tiole or shorter ; leaflets inear, keeled, obtuse or subemarginate, glan-
dularly ciliate, without calli; scapes equalling the leaves; sepals
lanceolate, acuminate, 6 times shorter than the corolla.

Has. Sis in Rhinosterbosjes, Zwartland, Drege! Jun. (Herb. E. Mey., Vind,
Lehm., Sond.)

Bulbs unknown. Stem 2-3-uncial. Petiole $—1-uncial. Leaflets 6 lines long; !
line wide. Scapes in the specimens seen, without bracts; always so? Cor. 10-1?
lines long, the tube yellow, limb purple-violet. Styles very long.

ts linear, keeled, scarcely emarginate, glabrous above, calloso-multi-—

eae ee ee Bes River, Burke, Zeyher, 249, 254,
ulb wa . Petioles downy, as long as the leaves or h ger.

:

wide, acute. landular at the summit. Cor. {—-1

ane jlimb. Very like the

‘The corolla in the former bell-shaped,

Ovalis.] OXALIDE (Sond.) Se

© Leaflet sub-rotund, obtuse or scarcely retuse. All stemless. (Sp. 44-62.)
hd (a). Flowers purple, rosy, violet or white. (Sp. 44~56.)

44.0. purpurea (Thunb ! Cap. 535., excl. syn. Jacq.) - pubescent.
nearly glabrous ; ab rather small, ovate, blackish, jl rs Ae
cluster ; leaflets subequal, roundish, emarginate, glabrous above, livid
purple, dotted and more or less pilose beneath, ciliated, the medial not
cuneate; petiole terete ; scape longer than the leaves, bibracteolate ;
sepals lanceolate, acuminate, many times shorter than the corolla, the —
claws of the petals wnited in a narrow tube equalling the limb or longer.
E. & 2.1707. O. speciosa, E. § Z. 1706. Herb. Un. It. 585. O. grandi-

Jlora, Sieb. Hl. Cap. 123, ex pte. O. laxula, E. & Z. 708, O. variabilis,
a. &b., O. humilis and O. purpurea 8. L. Mey.! be Tee ahs

Var. a ; petioles and scape pubescent; leaflets pilose underneath.
O. humilis, Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 535.

Var. 8; pet. and scapes pubescent ; leaflets glabrous, or hairy on —
the nerves.

Var. v; pet. and scapes nearly glabrous, leaflets glabrous, distantly
ciliate, with long hairs ; limb of the corolla purple or whitish. @,
nidulans, H. & Z. | 724, ex pte. O. fallax E. & Z.! 716, ex pte.

‘ . Sandy places among shrubs, in the Cape Flats and round the to
die in Gaps pe Stellenbosch pat Zey. ek 2113, 2112, 2115. (Herb. Thunb.
_ .C.D., Vind., E. Mey., Lehm., Sond.)
_ 2-4 inches high. Bulb 4-uncial, Petioles t-2-uncial. Leaflets 4~6 lines long and
wide, all equal, or the medial a very little larger. Cor. slender, uncial, longer or

shorter, with a yellowish tube and spreading, mostly deep purple limb: rarely pale

45, ©. wariabilis (Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1505); downy ; bulb rather large,

east ovate, blackish, often several together ; leaflets roundish, glabrous or

pubescent underneath, dotted, minutely ciliate, the medial cuneate at

base; petiole terete ; scape equalling or rarely excelling the leaves, bi-
bracteolate below the middle ; sepals lanceolate, erect, much shorter

than the wide-tubed corolla, the claws of the petals shorter than the limb,

rarely equalling it ; inner stamens toothed. — :

— Var. a. alba; flowers white, sepals mostly sprinkled with glandular

hairs, 0. variabilis, a, Jacg.! tab. <2. Willd. Sp. p. 777. excl. var. 8.

DC. No. 108. Thunb. Diss. No. 12. O. grandij Jacq. /t. 54. Willd.
Sp.p.778. E.& Z.!712. Bot. Mag.t. 1683. O. laxula, Jacg.! t. 57.

O. rigidula. tab. 59. O. suggi Jacg.! t. 61. 0. reptatrix, Jacq.!

tab. 20 fd hms monstrosity). O. grandiflora, Un. It. No. 584. O. pur-

purea, L., ex Thunb. t.c. — ae
‘Var. 8. rubra ; flowers red; sepals pilose, not glandular. 0. va- #.,°. |
riabilis, 8, Jacg.! t. 53. O. purpurea, Jacg.! t. 56. Hb. Un. It. No.
583. Sieb. Fl. Cap. No, 123, ex pte. O. speciosa, Jacg.! t.60. Thunb.
i.¢. No. 10. O. humilis, B. & Z.! 705, non Thumb. O. speciosa. B, suggil-

lata, BE. Mey! :

Var. y. nana; bulb and leaves smaller; sepals rather obtuse;
flowers white, turning rosy. 0. breviscapa, E. § Z.! 74., non Jaeg. O.
Has. Cape Flats and Western districts, common. Zey.! 233, 23

332 OXALIDE& (Sond). [Oxalis.

Sond. &c.)
Very variable in size, 1-6 inches high. Bulb in a. & 8. uncial. Petioles pi

or glabrous, Leaflets in the smaller specimens 3-4 lines, in the larger ineh long,

green or purple underneath, the medial larger and cuneate. Corolla uncial, in y.

half as large, with yellow claw and spreading obtuse limb. Styles very variable

in |

+. Zwartland, and at the Zwartkop’s River, Uit. £. & Z./ Drege! (Herb. -

46. 0. breviscapa (Jacq. ! tab. 58); downy ; bulb ovate, rather large,
black ; leaflets roundish, glabrous on both sides, marked with black
dots and striole, the younger ciliate, the medial cuneate, obtuse, or sub-
retuse ; petioles compressed ; scape twice as short as the petiole, bibracteo-
late in the middle; sepals lanceolate, straight, 3-4 times shorter than
the corolla ; claws of the petals equalling the lamina, interior stamens
toothed. DOC. No. 106. EH. d& Z. / 714. .

Has. Cape, Jacquin. Among shrubs at Haazekraalrivier, Drege/ Aug. (Herb.
Vind., Lehm., Sond.) :

From the preceding, which it much resembles, this differs in the glabrous leaflets,
the flattened petiole, short scape, and white flowers half the size.

47. 0. collina (E. & Z.! 710); bulb ovate, blackish ; petiole, scape
and calyx densely pubescent ; leaflets roundish-obovate, somewhat wavy-
crenulate, thinly pilose above, at length glabrous, concave-dotted,
villoso-tomentose underneath, the medial cuneate, the lateral smaller,
often unequal; scape longer than the leaf, bibracteolate under the —
calyx ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, thrice as short as the wide-tubed,
funnel-shaped corolla ; claws of the petals equalling the limb. 0. de-
pressa, pubescens, HE. & Z. 713.

Has. Sand Hills at Port Elizabeth. Moist sandy places at Onaggaasvlakte, 2.
& Z.! Zwartkop’s river, Zey/ 2108. Apl.-Sep. (Herb. Lehm. Sond.). ;

Bulb 6-8 lines long. Petioles 1-2-uncial. Lateral leaflets rounded, oblique.
Scapes 2-3-uncial. Calyx 4 lines long. Corolla uncial or nearly so, with yellowish
tube, reddish white limb, often margined with purple externally and dotted here and
there near the apex with black calli.

48. 0. pulchella (Jacq. ! No. 69) ; pilose ; bulb rather large, oval,
blackish ; leaflets roundish, firm, hollow-dotted, veiny, hairy beneath, e-
liated, the medial petiolate, cuneate, subemarginate, the lateral smaller,
rounded, oblique at base ; petiole subcylindrical, hairy ; scape equalling
the leaf or shorter, bibracteolate ; sepals ovate, erect, with reflexed points,
___ 6 times shorter than the wide corolla ; claws of the petals equalling the

limb ; stamens toothless, DC. No. 116. 0. sulphurea, Jacg. ! t. 63,

_ DC. No. 105. (the flower white or pale yellowish). 0. marginata, Jacq.!
68. DC. 115. (corolla white.)

AR. 8. tomentosa ; petioles very hairy ; leaflets tomentose at each
ve at length glabrate ; sepals somewhat hairy, ciliated, callous
pulchella, E. & Z. 1 71%, ex pte. . ‘

- glabrata; leaves at length nearly glabrous. —
ncquin ! B, sands at Grootepost, E.d: Z/ Achvallei ; and be-
md Knakisberg, Zey/ 240, ex pte. Between Eenkoker and
228, ex pte. y. Langvalei below 1000f. Drege / Ap.-June-

Oxalis.] OXALIDE (Sond,) 333

with a yellow tube, and rosy or white limb.—Allied to the preceding, and especiall |
to the smaller forms of O. variabilis, but at once known by its oe ey tier,
conspicuously hollow-dotted leaflets, pale when dry, and by the white-hairy petiole.

49. 0. calligera (Sond ;) bulb rather small, oblong, brownish-black ;
petioles, scapes, and calyces pubescent ; leaflets rounded-obovate, obtuse or
minutely emarginate, tomentose on each side, hollow-dotted, marked at
the apices and margins here and there with black calli ; the medial pe-
tiolate ; scape shorter than the leaf, bibracteolate in the middle; sepals
erect, obtuse, callous at the point, 6-times shorter than the corolla;
claws of the petals united in a tube twice as long as the calyx, and equal-
ling the lamina.

Has. In Sandy places at Kamos, Bechuana Land, Zey/ 238. (Herb. Sond.)

Bulb 4 inch long. Petioles 1-14-uncial. Lateral leaflets oblique at base, the
medial cuneate, 2-3 lines long, 2 lines wide, all (under a lens) pellucid-dotted, calli-
gerous at the margin. Bracteoles rather long, setaceous. Calyx very thinly pu-
bescent. Corolla nearly uncial, with a yellow tube and 5 a al
O. pulchella, but differing in the petioles and peduncles clothed with minute down,
not with long hairs, and in the leaflets much smaller and more obovate. Perhaps,
nevertheless, a mere variety ?

50. 0. melanosticta (Sond.) ; bulb small, ovate, brownish ; petioles,
scapes and calyces very hairy; leaflets roundish or subemarginate, ere-
nated in front, on the upper side silky with long, appressed, soft hairs,
underneath somewhat pilose and sprinkled with black dots ; the lateral
oblique, the medial equally cuneate ; scapes half as long as the petiole,
bibracteolate below the middle, deflexed after flowering ; sepals lanceo-
late, four times shorter than the corolla, the claws of the petals equal-
ling the limb.

Var. B. ; leaflets not conspicuously crenulate in front.

Has. On rocky hills at Geelbeck, Burke! Zey/ 258. 8. Wolverivier, Burke and
Zey! 265. May. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

Bulb 3-4 lines long. Stipes, if present, }-1 inch long, with a few brown scales.
Petioles semi-uncial. Leaflets 4 lines long, 3 lines wide, the prominent nerves
sometimes t above. Bracteoles setaceous. Corolla 7—10 lines long, with
a short, eat 2 wish tube, and a white or pale yellowish-white limb.

51. 0. commutata (Sond.) ; glabrous ; bulb ovate, smooth; leaflets
sub-rotund, obtuse or emarginate, cellular and whitish above, green, mi-
nutely punctate and veiny beneath; scapes much longer than the leaves,
bibracteolate above the middle ; sepals lanceolate, acute, bicallous, 3-4
times shorter than the corolla; claws of the petals equalling the lamina
or shorter. 0. tenella, H. & Z.! 727. E. Mey.! non Jacq. O. minima,
E. & Z.! 729 (incorrectly described). O. erubescens, E. Mey.! O. livescens,
E. Mey ! (leaves livid beneath). —

Var. 8. grandiflora; flowers twice as large; purplish.

Has. Sand round Capetown, and on the Cape Flats ; Groo aarl-

" sere B goer Hex River, common. 8. Wolver vier, Zeyher. (Het owes
E, Mey., Vind., Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

_ Varying from about an inch to nearly a span long. Leaflets 3~4 lines long, Co-
rolla 8-10 lines, with a yellowish claw and violet or rosy limb.— Very Ii that 2
ing in all its parts, but differing in the thinner leaflets, evi veiny, pale and _
cellular above, and not hollow beneath. 4 naire

334 , OXALIDEZ (Sond.) [Oxalis.

brous ; bulb oval, blackish, smooth ; obtuse or subemarginate, hollow-
dotted on each side, veinless, paler underneath ; scapes longer than the
leaves, bibracteolate above the middle ; Sepals lanceolate, obtuse, mostly
with one or two apical calli, ciliolate, 4 times shorter than the corolla ;
claws of the petals equalling the lamina or shorter. DC. No. 110. 0.
tnops, E. & Z.} 728 (leaflets round-topped). O, depressa. BE. & Z.! a1.
(leaflets retuse).

Var. 8. dilatata ; leaflets broader than long, retuse ; margin mostly
dotted with black.

53. 0. setosa (E. Mey. !) ; stemless; the long petiole and the scape
setose with rigid, jointed hairs ; leaflets rounded, wider than long, rarely
sub-retuse, thin, veiny, dotted on each side, ciliated with glands ; scape
equalling the leaf; sepals lanceolate, pilose and minutely callous, four
times shorter than the corolla ; lamina of the petals rounded.

Has. Grassy places at Omsamwubo and Oms ba, 1000-2000f. Drege! 5248.
Port Natal, eoaiged es one E. Mey., Hook: Sond.) ]
3-uncial. edial leaflet 56 lin ide, 4~5 long, the lateral equal or

smaller. Corolla 6 lines long, with hea tubs eid te Hab, :

54. 0. adenodes (Sond.); stemless > the terete, slender petioles, the
scapes and calyces beset with, very short, glandular hairs, leaflets rounded

Has. At Lislap, Zeyher. (Herb. Sond.)

- Stipe, if present, short. Petioles 13-2 incheslong. Leaflets
long, the medial shortly cuneate, larger than the lateral. Corolla
pallid.— Known from 0. luteola, Jacq., by pubescence ; from 0.

43); stemless ; bulb ovate, angular,
rginate, hollow-dotted on each

Ovalis.} OXALIDER (Sond.) 335

8. glabrata ; petals and scape glabrous. 0, glabella, E. Mey !

Has. Hills near Capetown, Table Mountain, &. Simon’s Bay and Tul
Thunb., E. & Z.! &e. B. Hills at Hollrivier, Drege’ Mar.-Aug. (H
Vind., E. Mey,, Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.) ech Simo
_ 2-3 inches high. Bulbs 5-6 lines long, blackish. Petioles very slender, 1~2
inches long. Leaflets green, sometimes purple underneath, the medial sub-retuse.
Scape about twice as long as the leaves. Calyx 1 line long. Cor. 5-6 lines long.
with yellowish claw, and white or pale flesh-coloured or violet limb. 4

56. 0. grammopetala (Sond.); stemless, glabrous ; bulb minute,
ovate, smooth; leaflets rounded-cuneate, retuse, hollow-dotted on each
side, veinless, paler underneath ; scapes much shorter than the petiole,
with two opposite bracteoles in the middle; sepals broadly ovate, 7~8
times shorter than the corolla ; claws of the petals shorter than the
striate lamina. :

Has. Sands near Gamke Riv., Burke, Zey/ 266. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

Bulb 3 lines long. Petioles inch long or shorter. Scape renee 2~3 lines long,
rarely longer. Calyx pale, about 13 lines long. Cor. 10-12 lines long, yellowish on
the claw, the limb violet-striate.

(8). Flowers yellow or yellowish. (Sp. 57-62.) : Z

57. 0. balsamifera (E. Mey. !); bulb very large, covered with balsami-—

Serous, black, adnate scales ; petioles and scape hairy ; leaflets rounded,
obtuse, pilose and ciliolate, minutely hollow-dotted underneath, the me-
dial cuneate; scape shorter than the leaves, reflexed after flowering ;
sepals ovato-lanceolate, pilose, 6 times shorter than the corolla ; claws
of the petals suddenly widened, with a short rounded lamina.

Has. Pietersfontein, oe 2000f. Drege / Between Grooterivier and Een-
koker, Zey! 241. (Herb. Vind., Sond.). ;

Bulb inch long or more. Petioles uncial. Leaflets 2-3 lines long and wide, the
nerves and veins not conspicuous, the medial mostly rather broader than long, the
lateral oblique. Scapes } inch long
pale yellow. :

58. 0. luteola (Jacq. ! tab. 65); stemless ; bulb ovate, smallish, with
black, separable scales ; petiole terete, pubescent; leaflets roundish-cuneate,
shortly emarginate, at each side somewhat villous, the old ones somewhat gla-
brous above, hollow-dotted underneath, the medial petiolulate, lateral
oblique at base, sessile ; scape pubescent, equalling the leaves, bibrac-
teolate ; sepals oblong, sub-obtuse, 6 times shorter than the corolla ;
claws of the petals equalling the limb ; interior stamens toothed. DC.
No. 119. O. fallax, Jacq.! t.87. E. & Z.! 716, ex pte. O.macrogonya,
Jacg.! tab.70. HG Z.1 717. O. lacula, Thunb. O. sulphurea, E. Mey.!
Var. 8. marginata; petals rather large, externally bordered with
violet. O. rigidula, E. § Z.1 709. O. strumosa, E. Mey.! ee
Has. Sandy pines oe the Cape Flats, near Doornhoogte

Simons-
town, Hott. Holland, &c., both varieties in similar localities, Thunb., E.G Z.! de.

[aaa eee length
and wide, in cultivated mostly larger. Peduncles
bracts. Corolla entirely yellow, often drying green, 8-10 lines

. Corolla 7-8 lines long, tube yellowish, limb —

Sunory 6

336 OXALIDEEH (Sond.) [Oxalis.

tioles compressed and keeled, pubescent or glabrous on both sides, dotted —
with minute black or orange dots and strie, the lateral smaller, oblique
at base; scape equalling the leaves, bibracteolate in the middle ; sepals
ovato-lanceolate, rather obtuse, ciliolate, 5 times shorter than the co-
rolla ; claws of the petals equalling the lamina.

Var. 8. major; petioles longer; leaflets 2-3 times as large, the me-
dial more cuneate ; flowers larger, yellow or sulphur coloured. =.

Has. Muddy spots near Draag, Wolverivier, Burke, Zey/ 261. 8. at Eland’s- —
fontein, Harteveld and Eenkoker, Zey. ! 242. May. (Herb. Hook., Sond.)

Bulb blackish. Petioles 4-3 inch long, in B. 2-3 inches. Leaflets 3-4 lines long
and wide, very rarely sub-retuse ; in 8. 7-10 lines long, 5-8 lines wide, the m
remarkably cuneate. Sepals with orange strize. Corolla g—10 lines, in 8 inch long,
yellow, the limb dotted with purple along the margin on the outside. Var. B. re.
sembles 0. variabilis, from which it is easily known by its yellow flowers.

60. 0. Eckloniana (Presr.! Bot. Bem. p. 29); bulb ovate, brownish ;
petiole, scape, and calyx hairy ; leaflets rounded, sub-retuse, glabrous
above, dotted underneath and pilose on the midrib, the margin ciliate with
long hairs, all sub-equal ; scape equalling or excelling the leaf, bibracte-
olate ; sepals lanceolate acuminate, erect, 3-4 times shorter than the co-
rolla ; claws of the petals equalling the ample limb. 0. sulphurea,
Eckl. Herb. Un. It. No. 516. EB. & Z.! 715.

Has. Sandy places at Greenpoint, Ecklon.! W.H.H. May.-June. (Herb. Vind,
Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

Bulb about 4-uncial. Petiole uncial, shorter or longer. Sepals 4 lines long.
Corolla inch long or more, entirely yellow, glabrous or pilose outside at the margin.
Styles much longer than the igner stamens, or shorter than them. This resembles
O. purpurea, Thunb., but the corolla is constantly bright yellow.

61. 0. minima (Sond.) ; stemless, guite glabrous; petiole keeled ; leat-
lets roundish, very smooth above, minutely dotted underneath, the media
truncate, scarcely retuse, lateral sub-equal, oblique at base ; scape
ee equalling or surpassing the leaves, bibracteolate at the apex; sepals
ees ovate, black-margined, glabrous, 6—7 times longer than the corolla; claws
boas of the petals equal to the limb. ee

Has. Sandy and muddy places, Grootriet, Zey / 237. May. (Herb. Vind., Sond.)
An inch high. Petioles 1-3 inch long. Leaflets green above, opaque undernea
or livid purple, veiny, 13-2 lines long and wide. Calyx scarcely more than 1 line |
long. Corolla yellow, bell-shaped. Known from 0. punctata by its firmer, rounded,
minutely dotted leaflets, much shorter scape, and larger, yellow corolla.

62. 0. glauco-virens ee ; stemless ; the compressed petiole, scape,
and calyx somewhat hairy, with acute and glandular hairs ; leaflets ev-

neate-rounded, or cuneate-obcordate, glaucous-green swb-cruginous and

glabrous above, opaque beneath, sparingly glanduloso-pilose at the mar-
_seape equalling the leaves or shorter, bibracteolate above the

pals lanceolate, spreading, 6-7 times shorter than the co-

the petals equalling the ample limb.

muddy places between Eenkokerand Bitterfontein, Zey./ No. 239-

Oxalis. | OXALIDE (Sond.) 3387

(3). The medial, or all the leaflets obcordate. (Sp. 63-75).
(a). Stemless or stipitate. (63-69.)

63. 0. Uitenhagensis (Sond.) ; stemless ; petiole and scape villous;
leaflets obcordate, quite glabrous above, villous underneath, ciliated, not
dotted ; scape much longer than the leaves, with 2 setaceous, villous
bracteoles above the middle; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 3-4 times
shorter than the corolla; capsule glabrous, twice as long as the calyx.

Has, Sandy places near the Zwartkop’s R., Uit., ! 2119, ; if
Ga Neg Mer ate Ca CGD Boa ten BE!

A small, pale plant. Petioles 4-1 inch long. Leaflets 3-4 lines wide, 2-3 long.
Scapes weak, 3-4 times as long as the leaves, sprinkled with long, soft villi and
short capitate hairs. Calyx villous. Cor. 6-7 lines long, with yellowish tube and
white limb. Caps. 4 lines long. Easily known from 0. imbricata, E. & Z. by its
smaller flowers and longer peduncles.

64. 0. imbricata (E. & Z.! 736); shortly stipitate, villoso-pubescent ;
bulbs numerous, ovate, smooth, imbricating each other ; leaflets obcor-
date, pilose on both sides, often purple underneath, dotted, ciliate ; scape
equalling or excelling the leaves, with 2 setaceous bracteoles above the
middle ; sepals lanceolate, 5 times as short as the corolla; capsule pilose.

Var. £8. limb of the corolla rose-coloured.

Has. Fields near the Zwartkop’s R., Uit., Koega Camma’s kloof,
vlakte, and Oliphant’s Riv., FE. &Z./ Mundt & Maire, Zey./ 2110, 2116. 8. near
Caledon, Zey./ 2126. In the Bassutos country, and Somerset. May-June. (Herb.

Vind., Lehm., Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)
Bulbs very numerous, ovate, with smooth, black scales in a bulb-
cluster 2-3 inches or more in Stipe uncial, scaly. Petioles mostly 2 inch,
with spreading soft hairs. ets 3 lines long and wide, acutely inate, at
glabrate above, beneath with appressed white hairs. Scape gaa lengt
of the leaves, usually a little longer or nearly twice as long, villous. Calyx pu
cent, ciliated. Cor, 1o-12 lines long, yellowish at bottom, with a broad, white
limb ; in £. rosy or sub-violet.

- :

65. 0. cruentata (Jacq. f.! Eccl. t. 45); substipitate; bulb ovate,

minute ; petioles hairy ; leaflets obcordate, glabrous above, eens a8

plish underneath and pilose ; scape little longer than the leaves, villous,

bibracteolate above the middle; sepals lanceolate, pilose, ciliate at the
apex, thrice as short as the corolla. DC, No. 128.

Has. Cape, Hb. Jacq./ Holls river, Drege / No. 7432, 9528. (Herb. Vind.)
All the leaves radical. Leaflets 5—6 lines long,

Petioles 3—5 inches long, terete. :
3-4 lines wide. Flowers 6-8 lines long, le, with yellow tube. Sepals at point
and margin sprinkled with bloody spots. 's plant differs from Jacquin’s in hav-
ngs pe twice as long as the leaves, and in the leaflets, other-

66. 0. obtusa (Jacq, ! tab. 79. f. 1.) ; stemless or stipitate, densely pu-
bescent, with an angular and pitted bulb ; leaflets obcordate, thickly
puberulous above, hollow-dotted on each side; scape longer than the
leaves, bibracteolate above the middle ; sepals oblong, rather obtuse, |
3-4 times shorter than the corolla. Thwnb.! Cap. No. 8. O.lanata,

var. 4. Thunb. Diss. p. 10. Willd. Sp.p.29. DC.No.137. E.@Z! fo

732. O.cuneata, Un, It. No. 587. O. thermarum, E. & Z.! 733
cunosa, EB. & Z.! 734. O.cuprea, Lodd. E.§ 2.1735. O. ci

338 OXALIDEE (Sond.) [Owals.

E. § 2.736. 0. pulchella, E & Z. 711, ex pte. O. plagiantha, E. Mey.
Zey. | 232, 2107, 2109, 2111, 2122.

Var. a. pubescens ; leaflets smaller, 2-3 lines long.

Var. 9. sub-villosa ; leaflets larger, 3-5 lines long.

Var. y. glabrata ; petioles, scape, and sepals, pilose or glabrous ;
leaflets small or large, glabrous above, pubescent beneath. 0. natans,
EL. & Z.1 726, non Thunb. O.stylosa, FH. Mey.!

Has. Var. a. and 8. common round Capetown and throughout the western dis-
tricts : Uitenhage: and Klein-Namaqualand, &c., &c., Thunberg, E. § Z.! Drege!
é&c. (Herb. Holm., Vind., E. Mey., T.C.D., Sond.) ar

Bulb ovate, blackish. Stipe short, if any. Petioles in the smaller var. 1 inch,
in the larger 2 inches long. Leaflets slightly or deeply obcordate, sometimes callous-
dotted at margin. Scape 2~3inches long. Bracteoles opposite, lanceolate, 2 lines
long. Corolla 8-10 lines long, reddish-purple or brick-dust colour, with a yellow
base, and ample, glabrous or pubescent and ciliolate limb. Readily known by its an-
gular and deeply pitted bulbs.

67. 0. truncatula (Jacq. tab. 62); stipitate ; bulb broadly ovate-
striate ; petioles thickish, very villous; leatlets vather thick, triangular,
obcordate, truncate, or emarginate, on both sides silky with shining, ap-
pressed hairs, green above, violet or rusty underneath, rigidly ciliate;
scape hairy, longer than the leaves, bibracteolate near the middle ;
sepals lanceolate, villous, 5 times shorter than the corolla, Willd. Sp.
No. 31. DC. No.104. 0. cruentata, E. & Z.) 719. non Jacq. O. crassi-
Jolia, E & Z.! 723. O.holosericea, E. Mey.!

Has. Moist, sandy places on Mt. sides, Hott. Hollandsberg, near Grootepoost

and Palmist Riv. Z.¢ Z./ Drakenstein, Drege/ Mar.-Apl. (Herb. Vind., E. Mey:,
Bulb ther large, blackish. Stipes 1-2 inches long, woolly. Petioles 1-2 inches.
Leaflets 6 lines long and wide, the midrib impressed ive, irene’ beneath, with-
out obvious veins, the lateral mostly oblique, Scapes 3-4 inches, with opposite,
linear bracts. Corolla 10 lines long, downy externally, with yellowish tube, and
obtuse violaceous or purplish limb. Styles hairy. Often entirely rust-coloured.

68. 0. holosericea (Sond.); substipitate ; petioles very villous; leaf-
lets roundish-obcordate, thin, veiny, above silky with very short hairs, be-
neath with appressed villi, the margin. ciliated ; scape pubescent, much
longer than the leaves, bibracteolate in the middle ;. sepals acute,
_ villous, 5 times as short as the corolla. :
‘Has. Moist places at Knoblauch, Zeyher! (Herb. Sond.
oe ncn ae ene dae tomo peat Ione woul . Petioles 2-3 inches.
_ Leaflets petiolulate, j inch long and wide, the lateral oblique at base, the
_ emarginate, with reddish veins. Scape 5-6 inches. Corolla as in the preceding, from
_ Which this is known by its thinner leaves, twice the size, and weak scape.

0. lanata (Lin. f. Suppl. p. 244, excl. syn.) ; stemless or stipitate,
ous and woolly ; leaflets obcordate, on seeiges woolly-tomentose with
{ong, appressed, soft hairs; scape longer than the leaves, bibracteolate

_ mM whe middle; sepals lanceolate, four times shorter than the corolla.
i , Fl. Cap.No.7. Jacg.! Ox.t.77.f. 2. Willd. Sp.
: _ E.&Z.1 721. 0. livida, Hb. Un, It. 593-

Oxulis.] OXALIDEX (Sond.) 339

Bulb, according to Thunberg, “ ovate, angular and deep) furrowed, hard and
smooth.” Stipe 1-3 inches long, woolly, with few scales. sake crowded, the
ponte 4-1 inch long, hairy. ts 4 lines wide, 3 lines long. Scapes hairy

racts lanceolate, acute. Calyx hairy, the sepals acute. Petals 8 i
a yellowish claw and obtuse, white limb. Styles hairy. Capsule cylindrical, obtuse,
5-angled, striate. Differs from 0. obtusa in the bulb, the firmer leaves woolly on
both sides and the white corolla ; and from 0. truncatula by the less thick
woolly not shining nor ciliate, and the white corolla, = =§ ©

(8). Caulescent ; the peduncles in some axillany as well as terminal, (Sp. 70-75.)

70. 0. aganophila (Sond.); caulescent, with few stem-leaves, top
leaves crowded, on long petioles ; the petioles dilated at base, and the
peduncles glandularly hairy ; leaflets obcordate, pale green and glabrous
above, purple underneath and sparingly pilose, at length glabrate,
glandularly hairy at the margin ; seape longer than the leaves, bibrac-
teolate above the middle ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, glandularly
ciliate, 4—5 times shorter than the corolla, the claws of the petals twice
shorter than the limb.

Has. Grassy hills at Karrega River, Zey.! 2127. (Herb. Sond.)

A span long or less. Bulb wanting. Stipe and stem glandular. Petioles 2 inch,
long. Leaflets 4-5 lines long and wide, equal, acutely emarginate. Peduncles 3~4
inches long, few or none from the axils of the lower leaves. Sepals mostly callous-

inted. Corolla 10-12 lines long, with a short, yellowish tube and violaceous limb.

e O. incarnata in habit and foliage. ;

71. 0. natans (Lin. f. Suppl. p. 243); bulb small, ovate, with black-
brown scales ; stem elongate, flexuous, submersed, simple or branching,
scaly, leafy at the summit, glabrous ; leaves numerous, petiolate, float-
ing ; petioles short, wing stipuled, somewhat pilose; leaflets obcordate,
glabrous, glaucous above ; peduncles equalling the leaves, or slightly
surpassing them, bibracteolate above the base ; sepals obtuse, 3—4 times _
‘shorter than the corolla, Thunb. Diss. No. 4. t. 1. Jacq. ! tab. 76, f.2.

DC. No. 126. F
Stagnant waters on the Cape Flats and near Breede River, &c. Thunberg,
Rani é&e, Dek Doe (Herb. Holm., Vind., T.0.D., Sond.)

Bulb 1 or 2, in a common tunic, 4 lineslong. Stem filiform, sometimes 2~3 feet
long or more, according to depth of water, sometimes leafy below the terminal tuft.
Petioles equalling the leaves. Stipules wide, amplexicaul, whitish as in 0. disticha.
Leaflets 3-4 lines , 2-3 lines wide. Sepals mostly with two golden lines at the
point. Corolla 4 inch, white or whitish. | 3

72. 0. disticha (Jacq, ! Ox. t. 18); bulb ovate, with black-brown
scales ; stem elongate, flexuous, somewhat branched, ascending, leafy,
glabrous ; leaves alternate, distichous ; petioles rather long, wing-stipuled,
glabrous ; leaflets obcordate, glabrous, glaucous above ; peduncles equal-
ling the leaves, bibracteolate at the apex; sepals obtuse, 3-4 times
longer than the corolla. DC. No. 50.

‘Has. Cape, Herb. Jacquin! _
WV eR ct Seaeak wk Wd fied Windle Nosy | ‘is Wonvin Aintichors, sear

verticiliate. Perhaps . natans, altered by culture? Petioles 12 inch. long. Ste

ich long, pale yellowish at base, the limb paler. ela as — wes x
73. 0. tenella (Jacq. ! tab. 19); bulb ovate, brown; stem weak, leafy

340 OXALIDEZ (Sond.) [Owalis,

above the middle, very thinly puberulent ; lower leaves alternate, upper-
most crowded ; petiole slender, not wing-stipulated at base; leaflets obcor-
date, glabrous above, puberulous underneath ; peduncles longer than the
leaves, puberulous, bcbracteolate above the middle ; sepals lanceolate,
hairy, 6 times shorter than the corolla. DC. No. 125. O.divergens, B.
§ Z./ 722. O. cylindrica, L. Mey.

Has. Moist soil, near Brackfontein, Clanw., FZ. 4 Z./ Hills near Bergeriver,
Drege! June. (Herb. Vind., E. Mey., Lehm., Sond.)

Bulb } inch, . Stem 2-3 inches. Petioles slender, upper 1-2 inches, lower few
and short. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, in some specimens equally wide
and long. Peduncles 2-3 inches, mostly terminal, a few axillary. Sepals acum
nate, 13-2 lines long, sometimes with minute, golden calli at the point. Corolla
8-10 lines long, pale violaceous.

74. 0. ebracteata (Savig. ! in Lam. Encyel. IV. p.682. No. 15) ; bulb
ovate ; stem erect, weak, leafy from the base or the middle, downy with
glandular-hairs, lower leaves alternate, uppermost crowded ; petiole
slender, not wing-stipuled at base ; the leaflets obcordate or oblong-
obcordate, remotely glandular-ciliated ; peduncles axillary and terminal,
much longer than the leaves, ebracteolate, glandularly pubescent, as well
as the calyx; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, 6 times shorter than the
corolla. DC. No. 52. 0. aganophylla, E.d& Z.! 672. 0. laxa, E. Mey.

Has. Heathy places near Brackfontein, Eé Z./ Rocky hills at Langevallei and
Se cigs once Drege! Zey.! 222. Jun.-July. (Herb. Lamarck, E. Mey., Vind.,
Le! Sond.)

Very like the preceding, but differs in the taller stem, the pubescence, the leaves
remotely ciliate, glabrous at each side, and glandular on the midrib below ; the pe-
duncles mostly axillary, few terminal, weaker and 3-5 inch. long. Corolla white,
with a yellowish tube, 8-10 lines long.

75. 0. incarnata (Lin. Sp. 622); bulb ovate ; stem erect, branching,
glabrous, leafy ; leaves petiolate, here and there tufted or whorled ; leat-
lets widely obcordate, equal ; peduncles equalling the leaves, nodding, -
with 2 oblong bracteoles above the middle ; sepals oblong, subacute,
callous, spreading, pilose, 3-4 times shorter than the corolla. Thwnb.!
Diss. No. 15. Jacg.! tab. 71. Hort. Vind.t. 71. DO.No. 49. E. § Z.1 65°.

Has. Rocky places round Table Mountain and Rondebosch. Woods at Puspas
Valley and Grootevadersbosch, Swell., Thunberg! E & Z.! Zey. 121, 213 b. (Herb.
Holm., Vind., Lam., Lehm., Sond.) :

Green. Stem often bearing bulbs in the axils. Petioles 2 inch. long. Leaflets
flat, } inch long, 5 lines wide, dotted underneath and red- e. Bracteoles op-
posite. Flowers bell-shaped, 8 lines long, whitish or flesh-coloured. Inner fila
(4). Leaflets deeply two-lobed. Seapes terminal. (Sp. 76-81).

76. 0. comosa (E. Mey.!); stem erect, branched, glabrous, somewhat

wdery, leafy; leaves Ss alase, tufted or whorled at the ends of the

ternately tufted along the side of the branches; leaflets

ate-two-lobed, the lobes obtuse, on each surface and at
ubrous, often callous-dotted; peduncles equalling the
th 2 setaceous bracts above the middle ; sepals lan-

at the point, 3~4 times shorter than the corolla.

ig shrubs. Uitkomst, KI. Namaqualand, Drege/ Aug.

- T.C.D., Sond.).

Owalis. | OXALIDER (Sond.) 341

More than a foot high, (the lower part of stem not seen). Stem as thick as a
goose-quill, with alternate branches. Leaves numerous in a tuft at the end of
the branches. Petioles 1-2 inch long. Siallsia © fines wide, 4 lines long, the lobes
2-3 lines long. Peduncles thicker than the petioles, deflexed after flowering. Co-
rolla inch long, pale rosy or white.

77. 0. caledonica (Sond.); glandularly-hairy, somewhat viscid ; stem
erect, simple or branched from the base, leafy ; stem-leaves on very
short, terminal on long petioles, tufted ; leaflets (minute) reflexed, ob-
cordate, bi-lobed, hollow-dotted, underneath pilose on the nerve ; pe-
duncles longer than the leaf, bi-bracteolate above the middle; sepals
lanceolate, glandwar, 4 times shorter than the corolla
se Hills between Caledon and Riv. Zonderende, Zeyher / 2133 b. Sept. (Herb.

nd. ). ee

Stem 3-4 inches long, clothed with leaves from the base. Cauline leaves on
plat tpt peel eet ard elo Bd

I es - n > vi
dotted Siore. bellow-dot underneath. Peduncles mostly twice as gg the
leaves. Flowers 6~7 lines long. Petals yellowish at base, the limb wide, pale vio-
let, deeper coloured at the margin, glandular.

78. 0. heterophylla (DC. No. 53); villous ; stem erect, branched at
base, leafy; cauline leaves sessile or very short-stalked (longer than the
petiole), obcordate, or sub-bilobed, the upper crowded, on long petioles ;
leaflets reflered, 2-lobed, dotted, lobes oblong, spreading, sub-acute ; pe-
duncles longer than the petiole, bi-bracteolate in the middle ; sepals
oblong-lanceolate, hairy, thrice as short as the corolla. #. & Z./ 667.
O. bifurca, FE. & Z.! 668, non Lodd. Zey.! 2133. &. ;

Van. 8. procumbens; stem filiform, procumbent, sparsely leaved, the
cauline leaves mostly tufted. 0. anemonoides, E. & Z, | 666.

Bulb ovate, brownish. Stem a span long, in 8. a foot or more, weak, and seem-
iety. Cauline leaves close or distant. Petioles terminal, 1-2

“% Pp i. .
ple, It varies with stem and leaves villous and sub-tomentose, and stem hairy or
glabrescent, with thinly villous leaves.

99. O. bifida (Thunb. ! diss. No. 16. f. 1) ; bulb ovate; stem filiform,
naked below, erect, or decumbent, somewhat branched, the branches leaf-
less, , glabrous; leaflets crowded at the ends of the stem and
branches ; petiole slender ; leaflets reflexed, obcordate-semi-bifid, glab-
rous ; peduncles longer than the leaves, hairy at the apex, bi-bracteo-
late in the middle; sepals oblong, obtuse, hairy, with black strie, thrice
as short as the corolla. Jacq. / tab..79. f.4. Ed Z.! 664. O. filicau-
lis, Jacq. | Hort. Schoenb. 2. t. 205. DC. No. 129. E.d& Z. 1 665.
Has. In ditches, &c. Mountains round Capetown and at Grootepost, Hott. Holl.,

E.&Z.} Drege! &c. Ap.—Jun. (Herb, Holm., Vind, E.Mey.,Lehm,

Bulb --brown, inch. Stem rarely simple, decumbent, a foot or more in
\eighls srs § tied striate. Leaves all terminal, the icles an inch
2 | rot

i 3 lines , green, often gland-dotted at the margin, gl:
ge tho potinien epelalod wit irs, bifid to the middle, the lobes ! line w

342 OXALIDEH (Sond.) [Owales.

duncles twice as long as the leaves, with setaceous bracteoles near the middle.
Flowers 8 lines long. Petals yellowish at base, with violaceous limb, the margin
more deeply coloured.

80. 0. bifurca (Lodd. bot. Cab. t. 1056); stem erect, simple or
branched, whitish-silky or tomentose, leafy ; cauline leaves shortly pe-
tiolate, often tufted, the terminal crowded, on long petioles ; leaflets
erect, all deeply bifid or forked, the segments spreading, oblong or linear,
callous-dotted above, sub-silky, with a few scattered hairs below ; pe-
duncles equalling or surpassing the leaves, bi-bracteolate beyond the
middle ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, shortly hairy, four times shorter
than the corolla,

Var. a, latiloba ; leaflets bifid to the middle, the lobes flattish, ob-
long, obtuse ; peduncles equalling leaves ;. flowers purple. 0. bifurea,
Lodd, l.c. O., heterophylla, BE. Mey. ! non DC.

Var. 8. angustiloba ; stem very leafy ; leaflets bifid to the middle
or beyond it, the lobes involute, sub-linear ; peduncles equalling or
surpassing the leaves ; flower purple. 0. argentea, E. & Z.! 670. 0.
Brehmana, E. § Z.! 671. O. dissecta, EF. Mey. ! :

Var. y. incana; stem taller, leafy, whitish-tomentose 5 leaflets bifid
to or beyond the middle, the lobes involute, linear-sub-filiform, silky-
canescent; peduncles mostly surpassing the leaves ; flower whitish,
rarely purplish. O. incana, #.& Z./ 669. Zey. | 2134.

Has. Var. a, in rocky places. Piquet , Drege! 5251. In grassy places be-
tween Gekau and aah, and mae eri Drege! f. and y Uitenhage and
Albany, several E, & Z.1 (Herb. E. Mey., Vind., Lehm., Sond., T.C.D.)

Stem short ( inches Tong), and densely leafy, or 1-1} feet long, with sub-
distant leaves. Stem-leaves shorter than the petiole, some as long or longer } pett-
oles of the terminal leaves 1~2 inch, ap’ y silky. Leaflets in a, 5-6 lines long,
the lobes one line wide or wider, in 8 and 7, 5-9 lines long, 1-3 line wide. Bracts
opposite, setaceous. Sepals 2-3 lines long, appressedly pilose or hairy or glabrous.
Cor, 8-12 lines long, the tube yellowish, limb purple or whitish.

81, 0. Smithii (Sond.) stemless or shortly stipitate, quite glabrous ;
bulb ovate, brownish ; all the leaves on long petioles ; leaflets forked
or bi-lobed, the lobes spreading, ovate, oblong or linear, hollow-dotted ;
peduncles equalling or excelling the leaves, bi-bracteolate beyond the

middle ; sepals lanceolate, callous at the point, 3-4 times shorter than
the corolla,

__ Var. a. latiloba; leaves obcordate-bilobed, the lobes ovate-oblong of
oblong, the midrib obsolete underneath ; flowers blueish or pale lilac.
(0. tristis, Bd Z.1 No. 738. 0. Smithiana, BE. § Z.1 739. O. gre
cilicaulis, E. & Z.! 720. 0. bisulea, E. Mey.!
Var. 8. angustiloba ; leaflets deeply bi-lobed, the lobes linear, often
elongate, with revolute margin, the midrib thicker. aa; flower blue-
ish or Lilac. OQ. nemorosa, E. § Z.! 741. 0. rectangularis, E. Mey. !
and Drege 7436. 88. flower white. 0. candida, B.& Z.! 740. and
PTR Bae to
Soe 8. Hill sides and mountains in Uitenhage, Albany and Caffraria. Near Port
Piet and a Port Natal, various collectors. (Herb. Vind, B. Mey., Hook

Bulb inch long. ‘Leaves mostly reflexed, in a, 6-8

Ozalis. | OXALIDEZ (Sond.) 343

lines long, the lobes 4-5 lines long, 2-3 wide ; in 8, as much as 1-11 inches long,
the lobes 15-3 line wide, divided sometimes nearly to the base, with divaricated
lobes and a thick nerve vanishing below the point. Young peduncles nodding, the
flowering erect, with opposite, linear bracts. Sepals very rarely without callus.
Petals with a yellowish tube, and ample, rounded limb, 8-12 lines long.

** All the leaves sessile or very shortly petiolate, the upper not crowded ; petio-
les dilated at base. All are caulescent, with axillary peduncles. Flowers purple or
violet, except in O. eana, which has yellow petals. Sessilifolie, DC. (Sp. 82-89).

82. 0. tubiflora (Jacq. ! tab. 10); stem erect or declined, branch-
ing, leafy, pubescent ; leaves sub-sessile, leaflets linear-cuneiform, ob-
tuse or sub-emarginate, glabrous above, somewhat hairy beneath; pe-
duncles axillary, longer than the leaf; sepals lanceolate, 5—6 times
shorter than the corolla; tube of the petals narrow, 2-3 times as long
as the limb.

Var. a. Jacquiniana; limb of the corolla purple. 0. tubiflora,
Jacq. ! DC. No. 39. LE. & Z.! 673, ex parte. O. macrostylis, Jacq. ! tab.
9. DC. No. 38.

Var. 8. secunda; leaflets broader ; flowers secund, the violet
limb thrice as short as the claws. 0. secunda, Jacq! t. 12.

Var. y. canescens; leaflets broader, 4-5 lines long, 1-14 wide ;
flowers violet, the limb 14-twice as short as the claws. O. canes-
cens, Jacg./ t. 11. #. & Z.1674. O. secunda, E.& Z.! 675.

Var. 6. minor; stems very short (inch long) ; leaflets narrow, lan-
ceolate, sub-acute, 2-3 lines long, 4 line wide; limb of the corolla
purple, thrice shorter than the limb.

Var. y. robusta; stem taller (a foot high), somewhat branched,
the larger leaflets (six lines long) oblong-cuneate, somewhat pilose un-
derneath ; limb of the corolla purple, thrice shorter than the claws.
O. macrostylis, H. Mey. ! eae ae

Has. Western and N. Western districts. a, Piquetberg, Achtvalley
and meee aes Zey./ 205. ¥, Brackfontein, Clanw. kk ee Zey.!
262. Hott. Holl., Ecklon/ , Grootberge rivier, Drege! May-June. (Herb. Holm.,
Vind., E. Mey., Lehm., Hook., T.C.D.,Sond.). aoe ea

From a span to a foot long. Bulb rather large, roundish, brown. Leaflets 3-4-
6 lines long. Peduncles mostly 1-2 inches long, in some specimens little longer
than the leaves, toward the apex bi-bracteolate. Calyx 2-3 lines long. Corolla
inch long, or more ; in yy somewhat shorter ; the claws yellowish, downy. It varies
with denser or laxer pubescence, the leaflets sub-canescent or glabrescent.

83. 0. hirta (Lin. spec. 623); stem erect or decumbent, branched,
leafy, pubescent; leaves sub-sessile ; leaflets oblong-cuneate, lanceolate
or linear-cuneiform, obtuse or emarginate, glabrous above, hairy under-
neath ; peduncles axillary, longer than the leaf ; sepals lanceolate, 3-4
times shorter than the corolla; tube of the petals widened from the
base, equalling the limb or shorter. O. sessilifolia, Lin. Mant. p. 241. |
Thunb. Diss. No. 18. Burm. Afr. t. 28, f. 1. O. hirta, Lam. Herb, —
O. macromischos, Spr. cur. post. p. 185. O. hirta, Sieb. Fl. Cap. exs.
No. 121. Herb. Un. It. No. 594. 0. hirta, hirtella, multiflora, rubella,
rosacea, E. & Z. ! O. cuneata, Meisn. non Jacq. i ee

Var. a. limb of the corolla pale violet. O. hirta, Jacg./ tab 13,

ea.
scary

Ks Bay ame {

t

344 OXALIDEZ (Sond.) [Owalis. —

DC. No.42. E. & Z.! 676 and 677. 0. hirtella, Jacq.! t, 14. DC.
No. 43. O. multiflora, Jacq. ! tab. 15. DC. No. 44. #. § Z, 678 (limb
somewhat purple).

Var. 8. limb of the corolla purple. O. rubella Jacq. / t, 16 (leaflets

y, narrower). DC. No. 45. #.§2.!1 679. Indl. Bot. Reg. t. 103%.

Burm. Afr. t. 28. f. 2. 0. rosacea, Jacq. ! tab. 17. DC. No. 46. #. §
Z. 680 (leaflets wider). 0. tubijlora, EH. §& Z. ! 673, ex parte.

Var. 7.; glabrescent; stem short, decumbent, downy ; leaflets
lanceolate. O. fulgida, Bot. Reg. t. 1073.

Har. Paardeneiland, Thunberg. Lion’s Mt. and Camp’s Bay, and Hott. Holl.

8. Muysenberg, and near Simonsbay. Thunberg, &c. (Herb. Holm., Vind., E.
Mey., Lamarck., T.C.D., Sond.).

Near the preceding, but readily known by the form of corolla. It varies with
stem and leaves hairy, hirsute or glabrescent, leaflets longer or shorter, wider or

narrower, obtuse or sub-acute ; peduncles longer or shorter, and filaments glabrous
and glandular.

84. 0. brevicaulis (Sond.) ; the very short stem and prostrate branches
ramulous, leafy, hairy, at length glabrous ; leaves petiolate; the petiole
shorter than the leaflets, leaflets petiolulate, broadly obovate or sub-ro-
tund, obtuse, apiculate, or emarginate, glabrous above, hairy underneath ;
peduncles axillary, much longer than the leaf, deflexed after flowering ;
the setaceous bracteoles and the calyces hairy; sepals lanceolate, 5-6
times shorter than the corolla, whose tube is 14-twice as long as the
limb. 0. reptatrix, HE. Mey./

Seay Among shrubs in Zwartland, Drege/ June. (Herb. E. Mey., Vind.,T.C.D.,

Bulb rather large, brownish. Stem branched nearly from the base, the branches

two inches long. Petioles of the lower leaves ‘aalitig the lamina, of the uppeF

gradually shorter. Leaflets two lines long and wide, obsoletely callous-dotted, as

in the preceding. Peduncles 4-1 inch, longer after flowering. Corolla 10-12 lines

long, with yellowish tube and purple or violet-coloured limb. Allied to 0. rosacea,
acq.

85. 0. densifolia (Sond.) ; gwite glabrous ; stem simple or branched,
leafy, the leaves short-stalked, linear-cuneate, truncate-obtuse, or shortly
emarginate, with involute margins, callous-dotted beneath ; peduncles ax-
illary, much longer than the leaf, bi-bracteolate ; sepals lanceolate-acu-
minate, striate, four times shorter than the short-tubed corolla.

Has. South Africa, Drege / No. 6. (Herb. Vind., Sond.).

The speci deficient in the now os are bya nse as thick as crow’s
quill. ‘Leaves close together, from the axils of scales. ‘Leaflets four lines long, #

. | panos at top. sr etal slender, with setaceous, apical bracteoles, the lower

os Hike zor callg Sela purple limb. Dried leaves very fragile, and

ually shorter. Calyx three lines long. Cor. 10 lines,

osa(E. Mey. !) ; glandularly-viscid ; stem leafy, branched ;
petiole shorter than the leaf; leaflets complicate, ob-

ca linear-cuneate, acutely emarginate, glabrous above,
ndular underneath, dotted on both sides, glandularly-cili-
axillary, much longer than the leaf, bi-bracteolate, with

; Sepals lanceolate, 4~5 times shorter

Oxalis. | OXALIDE (Sond.) 345

than the corolla; tube of the petals widened from the base, equal to
thelimb, or shorter.

Has. On hills, among shrubs, Zwartland and Pietersfontein, Piquetberg, Drege /
Horsclogusienis £aL.arp. tide Uileh, Nind., Lelonz, Sonn

Bulb rather large, brown. Stem 4-1-13 foot high, with slender, erect branches,
viscid with yellow hairs. Leaflets 3-4 lines long, one line wide, without calli, deeply
emarginate. Peduncles two inch, with setaceous bracteoles, Cor. 6-8 lines long,
with a pale limb, margined with violet. Like 0. droseroides, E. Mey., but easily
known by the very long, lateral peduncles.

87.0. pardalis(Sond.); glabrous ; stem slender, simple, or branched,
leafy, squamulose at base ; leaves sub-sessile ; leaflets Linear, emargi-
nate, cuneate at base, marked underneath with callous, blackish lines and
dots ; peduncles axillary, slender, much longer than the leaf, bi-brac-
teolate ; sepals ovate, striolate, very shortly ciliolate, 5-6 times shorter
than the corolla, whose tube equals or exceeds the limb.

Has. Sandy places at Hex River, Burke & Zeyher, 253. May. (Herb. Hook.,
T.C.D., Sond.)

2-3 inches high, slender. Leaflets 4-6 lines long, 4 line wide, much narrowed at
base, paler above, with sub-involute margins. Peduncles very slender, 1-3 inches
long. Calyx about one line long. Corolla 6—7 lines, whitish or pale rosy.

88. 0. Meisneri (Sond.) ; whitish-hairy ; stem erect, simple or
slightly branched, leafy from the middle, pubescent, as well as the pe-
duncles and calyx, with simple and glandular hairs ; leaves on very short
petioles; leaflets linear-carinate, shortly emarginate, glabrous above,
appressedly pilose beneath, bicallous at the apex ; peduncles much longer
than the leaves, bi-bracteolate ; sepals lanceolate-acuminate, bicallous,
thrice as short as the corolla; tube of the petals widened, longer than
the limb. 0. cuneifolia, Meisn. ! in Pl. Krauss, non Jacq.

Has. Pastures near Tulbagh, Krauss, 1156. May. (Herb. Meisn.)

4 inches high, with a broadly ovate -bulb, covered with rigi
pag Leaflets 5-6 aa Jong, os line ete Peduncles 1-3 Rereriho Corolla —
ten lines af . ear O, polyph var. pubescens, but easily known

89. 0. cana (Sond.) ; hairy tomentose ; stem short, branching, leafy
from the middle; leaves sub-sessile ; leaflets linear, keeled, obtuse, or
shortly emarginate, glabrous above, hatry and canous underneath, neither
furnished with calli, nor glandular ; peduncles much exceeding the leaves,
bi-bracteolate ; sepals lanceolate, acuminate, thrice shorter than the
yellow corolla ; tube of the petals widened from the base, equalling or
surpassing the limb. :

Has. Sandy places at Hex Rivier, Burke & Ze . May. (Herb. Hook., :

Stem three inches long or more, with Sie ean ora oe a Petiiicorers
short and broad. Leaflets three lines , one-half line wide. Peduncles 1~2 inches
or more, deflexed after flowering. 34-4 lines long. Corolla entirely yellow,
the limb wide, pubescent near the in on the outside.—Knownfrom 0. Meisneri
by the shorter and densely hairy, not ular, leaves, and the yellow flowers.

IV. Leaves digitate, leaflets 5-12. Stemless or stipitate, the stipes naked, Ce
with few scales, Scapes one-flowered. (Sp. 90-98). ye

90. 0. eapillacea (E. Mey. !) ; stipitate; leaves crowded ; the pe ie
- dilated at base and setoso-ciliate ; leaflets 5-7, linear-setaceous, im’

346 OXALIDE& (Sond.) [Oxalis.

acutely emarginate, without calli, marked above with blackish lines ; scapes
longer than the leaves, with two setaceous bracteoles ; sepals lanceo-
late, striate, 3-4 times shorter than the corolla.

Var. a, Meyeri; stipe pubescent; the petiole, the sub-capillaceous
leaflets, and the bracteoles thinly pilose ; sepals glabrous, ciliate.

Var. 8. major; petiole, scape and sepals pubescent; leaflets linear-
sub-setaceous.

Var. y. glabra; base of the petioles and sepals ciliate, otherwise
glabrous ; leaflets linear, emarginate; scapes slender; fl. smaller.

Has. Hills at Great Berg Riv. Drege/ Hex R. Burke, Zey. 251. 8. Brede R.,
Zey.! 259. y, Krumm Riy., Zey./ 213. May-June. (Herb. E. Mey., Vind.
Hook., Sond.). :

Bulb ovate, brown-black, smaller than a hazel nut, the scales much acuminate,
uncial. Stipe 1-4 inch, with few scales, Petioles 1-2 inches, Leaflets 4-6 lines
long. Sepals 14 lines, in f, three lines, in y, 1-2 lineslong. Petals with a whitish
limb, externally margined with violet ; in B., judging from dried specimens, entirely
yellowish. Capsule oblong, hairy, rather shorter than the calyx.

91. 0. pentaphylloides (Sond.); stipitate, hairy; bulb blackish ;
leaflets 5, dinear, channelled-involute, obtuse, green on ‘both sides, with-
out calli ; scapes longer than the leaves, bi-bracteolate ; sepals: laneeo-
late, eg times longer than the corolla, 0. heterophylla, HE. & 2.1 744
non

_ Van. £. glabriuseula ; leaflets at length sub-glabrous. O.pentaphylla,
EE. Mey. ! non Sims, :

_ Has. On muddy and ois soil near Brackfontein, Clanw., Bigd.1 Cue.
among Rhinosterbosches ( Elytropappus) in Zw: / May-June. ord.
E. Mey., Vind., Lehm., T.C.D., ond). oe

Bulb ovate, blackish, with glabrous, acuminate scales } inch long, Flowers

pale lilac, Leaflets rarely only four.—Like the preceding, but with a different bulb,
obtuse leaflets, not lineate, non-striate sepals and longer petals,

92. 0. pentaphylla (Sims. Bot. Mag. t. 1549); stipitate, glabrous or
downy ; bulb pale-brown ; leaflets 5-8, linear, obtuse, scarcely emat-
ginate, with two calli ; scapes. longer than the leaves, bi-bracteolate ;
sepals oblong, obtuse, bi-callous, four times shorter than the corolla.
DC. No. 145. 0. pentaphylla, and falcata, B. dé: Z.! 698, 749. 0. digt-
Ai toes Powr. Suppl. 4. p. 254, excl. syn. P

4B. Sandy and stony mountain places, M imonsbay, 2.
4! May Joan (Herb.-Vind., Lehm., a. na pereneres :

Bulb oblong ; scales slender, acuminate. Stipe short or long. Petioles a finger
long or shorter. Leaflets 1 inch long, 4-1 line wide, sub-falcate. Sepals downy-
Corolla lilac, or rosy-fleshcoloured, with yellowish base.

Oxalis. | OXALIDEZ (Sond.) 347

middle of scape, aline long. Corolla uncial, externally minutely pubescent, with a
narrow yellow tube and purplish or lilac limb.

94. 0. Zeyheri sees in all parts canescent with appressed hairs ;
stipes long and scaly ; leaflets g—11 (minute), linear-cuneate, compli-
cate, obtuse, callous at the apex ; scapes downy, surpassing the leaves,
bi-bracteolate ; sepals lanceolate, "four times shorter than the corolla.

Has. snd Hopper at Bergrivier, Zey./ No. 248. ex pte. May. (Herb. Sond.).

This resembles the preceding in habit and colour, but differs in the more numerous
and generally much smaller leaflets, t}—-2 lines long, 4-} line wide, callous at point.
Petioles 4 inch long. .Peduncles an inch long, with alternate, setaceous bracts.
Flowers 44 inch long, whiteish, or lilac ? thinly downy outside, the tube yellowish,
with five red streaks.

95. 0. tomentosa (Linn. Syst. p. 434) ; almost stemless, tomentose ;
leaflets peltate, 12-19, oblong-cuneate, convolute, obtuse, or sub-emar-
ginate, without calli ; petioles and scapes hairy, of nearly equal length ;
sepals lanceolate, six times shorter than the petals. Pluck. Almath. t.
$66; Ff. 3: Thunb. Diss. No. 24. Jacq. / Ox. t. 81. DC. No. 152.
HE. & Z.! 750.

Has. Stony places round Capetown and Stellenbosch, Common. Clanwilliam,
E.&Z.4 Zey.! 227. Wolveriver, Burke & Zeyher ! 244. Ap.-May. (Herb. Holm.
E. Mey., Vind., Lehm., T.C.D., Hook., Sond.).

Bulb ovate, smooth. "Stipe scarcely any, or 1-3 inches long, with numerous ter-
minal leaves and peduncles, Leaflets six lines long, a line wi @. Scapes equalling
or excelling the leaves, with setaceous bracts. Corolla large for the size of the plant,
white, yellowish at base. Calyx silky.

96. 0. flava (Linn. Sp. 621) ; stipitate, glabrous ; leaflets 5-9, oblong-
linear, or linear, channelled-connivent, obtuse or acute, with or without
ealli ; scapes bi-bracteolate, equalling or excelling the petioles ; sepals
equal, oblong, acute, 4—5 times shorter than the yellow corolla.

Var. «, Thunbergiana ; leaflets oblong-linear, channelled, recurved
at point. Burm. Afr. t. 27. fed Thunb. Diss. No. 24. Jacg./ t. 73 &
78. t.2. DC. No. 149. - #. & Z! 747.

Var. 8. pectinata ; leaflets linear, with involite margins. 0. pecti-
nata, Jacg.! t. 75. £. & Z.! 748. Burm. Afr. t. 30, f. 1.

Has. saady places round os oe and eo common. 8. oe:

97. 0. flabellifolia (Jacq.! Ox. t. 74); stemless, or shortly stipitate,
glabrous ; leaflets 5-9, linear or linear-lanceolate, obtuse or subemar-
ginate ; scapes equalling the petiole, bibracteolate ; sepals recurved at
point, ‘unequal, 1-2 larger and spathulate, 3-4-times shorter than thie
sulphur-coloured corolla. DC. No.151. £.§ Z.! 746.

cr — latior ; leaflets oblong, cuneate.

nie rics 1 near t” vé. cb de -s ! / 231, ee &
antl ‘places Oliphant’s Zey. syutete a

sade / and between Grootri
_ May. ms Pp ore Ep .» Sond.)

igs

BZ! ep gee Holm., Vind., T.C.D., Sond.)

muy

348 OXALIDE& (Sond.) [Oxalis |

Very near 0. flava, from which it is chiefly to be known by its sepals recurved at —
the point, one or two conspicuously larger than the rest. Petioles larger than the
leaflets. Flowers sulphur-coloured, with a deeper limb. §. is smaller, with broader
leaves, showing a transition to the following species.

98. 0. lupinifolia (Jacq. ! tab. 72) ; stemless, glabrous ; leaflets 5-7,
spreading in a circle, oblong or obovate, obtuse or subacute, with a cartr-
laginous margin, rigid, discoloured underneath ; scapes equalling the
petiole, bibracteolate ; sepals sub-equal, oblong, 3-4 times longer than
the yellow corolla. #6 Z.! 745, DC. No. 148.

Has. Grootepost, £.¢ Z./ Between Knakisberg and Oliphant’s Riv. Zey. 231

= pte. Wolverivier, Burke § Zeyher / 263, 264. Ap.June. (Herb. Vind., Hook.,
nd. ).

Quite like the preceding, and chiefly distinguishable by the broader, more rigid,
and ed leaflets. Petioles broad, as long as the leaflets. Leaflets flattish,
6-9 lines long, 4-6 lines wide, mostly blotched at base. Flowers yellow.

B. Peduncles umbellately many-flowered. Leaves trifoliolate. (Sp. 99-108).
(1). Root bulbous. Flowers yellow. (Sp. 99-101).

99, 0. sericea (Lin. f. Suppl. p. 243) ; stemless, or shortly stipitate ;
leaves on long petioles ; petioles and scapes hairy ; leaflets obcordate,
silky ; scape longer than the leaves, umbellate ; flowers nodding ; sepals
lanceolate, hairy, 2-3 times shorter than the corolla. Zhwnb. Diss. No.
113. Jacq! tab. 77. f.1. DOC.No.59. E.§Z.! 658. Herb. Un. It.
592. Zey.! 120,

Has, In ditches, by road sides, and on the hills round Capetown and Wynberg;

&e. Common among shrubs at Koopman’s River, £.g¢ Z.! Ap.Jun. (Herb.
Sond., T.C.D., &e.)

Stipe, if present, short and scaly. Petioles numerous, 1-3 inch. long. Leaflets
wider than long, hairy above, at length glabrous, silky-tomentose underneath, the
larger 8 lines broad, 6 lines long. Scapes twice as long as the leaves, or longer,

umbelliferous ; pedicels 4-12, unequal, the longer uncial, with two ovate bracts at
base. Corolla 4 inch long, yellow. St

100. 0. compressa (Thunb.! diss, No. 7); stemless ; all the leaves
on longish, compressed, ciliated, petioles ; leaflets obcordate, ciliated,
glabrous above, hairy or pubescent and paler below ; scape hairy, eq
the leaves, umbellately 2~4 flowered ; sepals lanceolate, 4 times shorter
than thecorolla. Jacq. Ox. t. 78. f.3. DC.No.73. E.& Z.! No. 539-
O. cernua, d. Drege!

Has. Sandy fields beyond Capetown, in wet places, Thunberg/ Doornhoogde, —

2. E.& Z.1657. O.Pes Capre, Sa-— |
- Afr. t.74,f. 29. 0. lybica, Vir.

Ozxalis.] OXALIDEZ (Sond.) 349

Var. 8. Namaquana ; smaller, stemless ; leaflets obcordate. sub-bi-
lobed, below hollow-dotted, sub-pilose ; scapes 2-3 flowered; pedicels
glabrescent, 4 inch long ; flowers smaller. O, caprina, E. Mey.! non Lin.

Has. In cultivated ground and by road sides, very common round Capetown, &c.
Kamps bay and Hott. Holland. 8. Sand hills in Kl. Namaqualand, Drege! June-
Aug. (Herb. Holm., Vind., E. Mey., Lehm., Sond., T.C.D.)

Frequently bulbiferous at base. Petioles 3-6 inches. Leaf-lobes divaricate, ob-
tuse, the larger leaflets inch wide, 8 lines long, dotted and paler beneath. Scape
twice as long as the petiole, with a many-flowered umbel ; pedicels 4-1 inch long.
Flowers yellow, 10-12 lines long, the tube equalling the calyx. It varies with
double flowers.

(2.) Flowers purple, flesh-coloured, blueish or white. (Sp. 102-107.)

102. 0. caprina (Lin. Syst. p. 433) ; stemless, glabrous ; bulb ovate-
triangular ; leaves on longish petioles ; leaflets obcordate, sub-bilobed,
keeled and purple beneath ; scapes twice as long as the leaves, umbel-
lately 2—6-flowered ; pedicels erect ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, callous-
pointed, 2-3 times shorter than the corolla. Thunb.! diss. No. 11.
Burm. Afr.t.28, f.3. Willd. Sp. No. 45. DC. No. 71. O. macrophylla,
Horn. Hort. Hafn. 1. p. 428. E. § Z.! 656. O. erecta, Savig.! in Lam. Dic.
4.p.685. O.dentata, E. § Z.! 655.

Has. In ditches, waste places and on the hills round Capetown, &c. Gardens
and moist places near Zwartkop’s R., Uit. #. ¢ Z./ Zey./ 2105. Graaf Reynet and
Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber. (Herb. Holm., Vind., Lehm., Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

Bulb small. Petioles 2-3 inches, glabrous or thinly hairy. Leaflets 4 lines long,
6-7 lines wide, the lobes roundish. pestis slender, 4-1 foot long, terminal ; pedi-
cels glabrous or pilose, inch long orlonger. Bracts 2, minute, at the base of the pedi-
cels, Corolla 4 inch long, with yellowish tube, and oblong, obtuse, blueish limb.

ee
108. 0. livida (Jacq. Ox. t.8) ; caulescent, glabrous; bulb ovate ;
stem scaly at base, leafy at the crown and lengthening beyond the tuft ;
petioles crowded, elongate ; leaflets obcordate, sub-bilobed, green above,
livid-purple and glabrous or sparsely pilose underneath ; peduncles /a-
teral, longer than the petiole, umbellately 2—5-flowered ; pedicels and
calyx'villous ; sepals oblong-lanceolate, callous, 3-4 times shorter than
the corolla. DC.No.75. H.&.Z.1 654. O.caprina, H& Z.! 653.
Var. 3. ; one or two sepals sometimes toothed. O dentata, Jacq.! t.
4. DC. No. 74. ; oe
Mountains round Capetown and Simon’s bay and Mu: , Thunberg, Be
sae é&c. (Herb. Holm., Vind., T.C.D., ak —— aA Snchd
Ebel eh ee ee
: ji I-I . ; ; large!
hm | aide Ge Wilde, With = Manet; voundedobiees Con Piddehen Shak
the axils of the upper scales, or lower leaves, never terminal, thicker than the pe-
tiole, — or pilose ; inch long. Corolla flesh-colour, with a yel-
lowish tul

104. 0. purpurata (Jacq.; Schoenb. t. 356); stemless; bulb ovate,
brownish ; leaves on long petioles ; petioles pilose, or very shortly pu-
bescent; leaflets sciedeholieda te, the medial larger, glabrous above,
appressedly pilose or downy underneath, ciliated ; scape longer than —
the leaves, pilose or puberulent, umbellately 3-12-flowered ; ps

350 OXALIDEZ (Sond.) [Owalis.

1 and calyx downy, orten gland-bearing ; sepals oblong, acute, or lanceo-
late, thrice as short as the corolla.

HH Var. «. Jaequini ; pilose, leaflets 4 inch long, livid or reddish, the
younger silky ; scape 2~3 times as long as the leaves, 3—6-flowered ;
flowers white, rosy, or purple. Jacg./l.c. DC. No. 76. HE. & Z.! 652.

Var. £8. petiolaris ; leaflets larger, 1-3 inch long ; petioles elongate,
equalling the foot-long scape ; sepals calloso-striate ; flowers rosy.
petiolaris, H. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Var. y. Bowiei; whole plant minutely pubescent ; leaflets very
large, the medial 2 inch long, or longer; petioles glabrescent, much
shorter than the umbellately 8—12-flowered scape ; flowers larger, deep
rose-red. 0, Bowieana, Lodd. Cab. t. 1782. O. Bowiei, Lindl. Bot. Reg.
t. 1585.

Has. Cape, Hb. Jacquin. a. mountains near Klipplaat’s R., qe! Ab

Salem, Alb., Zey./ 2125. 8. between Omtendo and Omsameulo, Drege! -y.
beries and woods at Adow, Uit., #.42Z./ July. (Herb. Vind., HE. Mey, -
Sond., T.C.D.) ie
6 inches to a foot or more in height. Bulb moderate. Leaflets commonly sem
uncial, the larger inch long and wide ; the medial sometimes 2 inch long, the la-

longer, pilose or glabrate, or glandularly pubescent. Corolla 6-8 lines long, vary10g°
from white to deep rosy-purple. Like 0. holosericea, Sond., in the form of the gig
but with very different inflorescence. Var. +. is a favourite border flower in :

105. 0. semiloba (Sond.) ; stemless; leaves on long glabrous or pl
lose petioles; leaflets obcordate-bilobed, the lobes divaricate, rounded, gla-
brous, ciliated ; scape twice as long as the leaves, umbellately 8-12-_
flowered; pedicels and calyx glandularly downy ; sepals oblong, ob-
tuse, callous, thrice as short as the corolla.

Has. or, Beare rocky places near Caledon River, Burke, Zey./ 271. Somerset,
Atherstone! (Herb. Hook., Sond.) __

Near the preceding. 6-8 inches long. Leaflets 6-8 lines wide, 5-6 lines long ;
bifid nearly to the middle and much more wedge-shaped than the leaflets of 0. pu”
purata, which are rounded. Flowers half-inch long. Sepals with yellow calli,

corolla whitish, mat-
O. phellandroides, BH. —

teral oblique at base. Pedicels of the umbel bibracteate at base, $-1 inch long or

ZYGOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) 351

margin. In var. 8, occasionally the peduncle is short, 1-2-flowered, from the axil
of the upper leaves.

107. 0. stellata (E & Z.! 661) ; stipitate or caulescent, glabrous ;
bulb ovate, blackish, with smooth scales ; stem somewhat branched at
base, sealy ; ; terminal leaves crowded, with slender petioles; leaflets
deeply bilobed, lobes linear, divaricate ; peduncles terminal, longer than
the leaves, umbellately 2-6-flowered ; sepals lanceolate, callous at the
point, 3-4 times shorter than the corolla,

Var. 8. violacea ; nearly stemless or shortly stipitate, with viole t-

coloured flowers. 0. polyscapa, E. § Z.! 660.

Has. In fields and clayey places, of Uitenhage, Albany, and Somerset, z. &Z./
Zey.! 2135, 2137, 2138. (Herb. Vind., E. Mey., Lehm., Hook., TC.D., Sond.).

Bulb inch long. Stipe or stem sometimes 3 foot long. Petioles mostly 1-2 inch
long, in some specimens more than 4 inches. Leaflets 4-6 lines long, divided to ?
their the lobes 1 line wide. Scapes mostly twice as long as the leaves, Pe-
dicels of the umbel uncial, shorter or longer. Cor. 8-12 lines long, white, rarely
pale-rosy, with yellowish tube and ample ; in 8. violaceous and less wide.

(3.) Root fibrous, not bulbiferous. Stem branching. Leaves trifoliolate. Flowers
yellow. (Sp. 108).

108. 0. corniculata (Linn. Sp. 624) ; root fibrous, branching ; stems
diffuse or creeping, filiform, pubescent, rooting at base; leaves on long
petioles ; leaflets obcordate, ciliate, villous. or glabrous underneath ;
stipules oblong, adnate ; peduncles axillary, 2-4-flowered, shorter than
the leaf or longer ; pedicels refracted in fruit; capsules pubescent.
Thunb. diss. No. 20. Jacq.! t.5. HE & Z.! 648. 0. pusilla, Salish. Linn.
Soc. Trans. 2. p. 243. t. 23. f.2. O. repens, Thunb. Diss. No. 14. t. 1. Fl.
Cap. No. 22. Jacq! t. 58. f.1. DO.No.33. E & Z.! 649. 0. ceratt-
lis, E. Mey.! Un. It. No. 595.
Has, Everywhere in cultivated ground, throughout the colony and in Caffraria. iia

(Herb. Sond., T.C.D., &e.)
Thal sabeedi ic: Well! ain Gutle Dah cm bentinnecinn aliticaheettokoctibns (+ Hele

Petioles inch long or more, villous. Leaflets 3-4 lines long and wide. Peduncles

brace a thn forking. Cora sma ew, abot twice as long steely. udu

gal ees
ae

.

OnpER XXKY. | 2YGOPHYLLE. R.Br.

Br. in Flinder’s Voy. . DC. ‘Prod I. p. 703. Endl. Gen. No. celiii.
Zygophyllacea, Lindl. vas King. No. clxxx.) |
Flowers perfect and regular. Calyx free, A or deciduous,
4-5-parted, imbricate or valvate in estivation. Petals 4-5, clawed, zg
twisted in en-aigoe rarely wanting. . Stamens twice as many as the:
: ; filaments broader at base, naked or furnished with
‘los taste lee s introrse, bil Ovary ona glandular or annular”
dise, Ay Sipgalaed soled: ovules axile, either in pairs,orseveralin =
a double row, very ae solitary ; styles (except in Seetzenia) connate, =
sometimes very pet Fruit capsular or fleshy, rarely indehiscer

352 ZYGOPHYLLEEX (Sond.) [ Tribulus.

often winged, tubercled, spiny or hispid, loculicidal. Seeds with or
without albumen, the embryo straight and green. JRadicle superior.

Herbs, under-shrubs, shrubs or trees, often with oppositely branched, nodose or
distinctly jointed, rigid stems. Leaves opposite, compound, or rarely simple, _ab-
ruptly or impari-pinnate, often bifoliolate, the common petiole produced at the top
into a short point. Leaflets sessile, opposite, impunctate, generally unequal-sided,
flat or fleshy, and sometimes terete ;*the margin often cartilaginous. Stipules twin,
at the base of the petioles, persistent, often spinous, rarely deciduous. Peduncles
one-flowered, axillary, or terminal, e ate.

Natives of dry, desert-places and. sea-shores in the hotter parts of the temperate
zones both north and south. Tribulus terrestris is a common sub-tropical weed of
cultivation. The only valuable plants of this Order belong to Guaiacum, a shrubby
or arborescent genus exclusively American, and which furnishes the Lignum-vite-
wood and the Gum-Guaiacum of commerce. The Zygophylla generally indicate salt-
ness in the soil: many of them are detestably scented. :

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

Tribe I. Trisuteax. Seeds without albumen.
;_f) I. Tribulus.—Petals 5. Fruit thorny, indehiscent. Leaves pinnate.

<1) TI, Sisyndite.— Petals 5. Fruit capsular, s-angled, clothed with golden hairs,

: dehiscent. Leaves simple. ‘
°~! TIL Augea,—Petals none. Fruit capsular, 10-angled, glabrous, Leaves simple.

Tribe Il. Zycoraytinz. Seeds albuminous.
ls IV. Zygophyllum.— Petals 4-5. Stdmens 8-10, Style 1. Leaves simple or bi-

foliolate.
O-! V. Seetzenia.—Petals none. Stamens 5. Styles. Leaves trifoliolate.

I. TRIBULUS, Tourn.

Calyx 5-parted, deciduous. Petals 5, spreading, longer than the ca-
lyx. Stamens 10, hypogynous; filaments subulate, the 5 opposite the
calyx-lobes with a gland, externally at base; anthers cordate, introrse.
Ovary sessile, on a short 10-lobed urceolus, hairy, 5-celled ; ovules 3-4
in each cell. Style short or none ; stigma large, 5-angled-pyramidal.
Fruit depressed, 5-angled, of five indehiscent, dorsally tuberculated,
spinous or winged, spuriously plurilocular carpels ; each locellus one-
seeded. Seed exalbuminous. Lndl. Gen. 6030. =

Weeds and weed-like, diffuse, procumbent, or prostrate herbs, dispersed thro
the warmer temperate and tropical zones. tates ends one usually much larger
than the other, bistipulate, abruptly pinnate ; leaflets opposite, quite entire, in Se

__veral pairs. Peduncles axillary, one-flowered ; petals pale yellow or white. Name
- Seen sree ree, and Bodos, a pomt ; each carpel is often armed with 3-4 larger spines.
4. | * Carpels not winged. (Sp. 1-2).
1. T. terrestris (Linn. Sp. p. 554); leaflets in 5-8 pairs, sub-equal,
‘Tather acute; peduncle, from the wat of the ae leaf ; petals rather —
_ longer than the calyx; stigma sub-sessile, hemispheric ; carpels with —
2-4 larger spines, and prickly on the back. Lam. Ill. t. 346. f-1
Fi. E.& Al 751. 7 albus, Poir. T.mu-

Tribulus.] = =~—-« 4YGOPHYLLE& (Sond.) 353

Van. 8. hispidissimus ; stem hairy with spreading hairs ; leaves and 0,5,.da. w
calyx hirsute; stipules and sepals narrower and rather longer. 7”. his-\7;)> »

: ‘4
pidus, Presl.

Var. y. desertorum ; fruits mostly twice as small ; the spines equal
or stipes sometimes very short. & Sod Z.! 751. B. 1. terrestris, 8. H.

Mey. T. parvispinus, Presi

Has. A weed of cultivation in Cape and Biman B, at Basche, at the river
mouth and in gardens, Drege! ‘y, Sandy Karroo land near Gauritz R., Swell., Z. .
&Z./ Nieuweveld, Drege, 9532. tapehagbokinel: Bosch asland, Zey. ! r 273; Deo:
Mar. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond., Lehm.)

A decumbent or prostrate ‘annual, with stems 6-12 inches long or longer, villous
or glabrescent, in 8. hispid or hirsute. Leaves opposite, unedual, the longest 1-11
inch ; leaflets oblong, acute, green above, sparingly appressedly villous, below ap-
pressedly pubescent, often whitish or silky. Stipules ovato-lanceolate, 2-3 lines
long. Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaf, the fruit- stalk nearly as
long, villous or, in 8., hairy. Flowers yellow or whitish. Sepals 14-2 lines long.
Petals } as long again as the calyx, obtuse. Stigma roundish-conical, 5-rayed, with
inconspicuous style. Carpels crested and tubercled on the back, or prickly and
hairy, in y. more coarsely hairy, armed with 4, rarely 3-2 marginal spines, the two
upper spines much divaricate, 3 lines long ; 2 lower turned downwards and shorter.
In var. y. the upper spines are not more than I line long, often much shorter, some-
times very short and confounded with the dorsal prickles. Var. B. is not unlike 7’,
cistoides, &c., which, however, is ago known by its much larger flowers and .

long styles. é

2 T. Zeyheri (Sond.) ; leaflets in 6-8 pairs, sub-equal, obtuse ; pe-
tiole in the axil of the 2-3 times shorter leaf; petals nearly thrice as
long as the calya ; stigma pyramidal, twice as long as the short style;
ee or with 4 Spines and ee ee at back.

ae enone Pst ee ok oot ap merger ring hel a aoe
flowers anil Spee, betes © tyes 8 Snes eng ate soe emlnal etigme, by which
character, as already stated by Schlech: in Bot. Zeit. 1851, p. 844, itis known
from other Tribuli. T. cistoides occurs in 8. America, Cape Verd, and in the
East. Indies. e

** Carpels two-winged. (Sp. 3-4-)

38. T. pterophorus (Presl, Bot. Bem, p. 30); leaflets in about 6 pairs,
sub-equal, acute; peduncle in the axil of the 2-3 times shorter leaf ;
petals broadly cuneate thrice as long as the calyx ; style short, stigma os
pyramidal ; carpels pubescent, two-winged at the margin, the wings very
large, somewhat ‘at toothed = dise of the ue prickly and setose. es ala-
tus? Drege! non Del. ae e

354 ZYGOPHYLLE& (Sond.) [ Sisyndite.

Has. On the Gareep, near Verleptram, Drege/ Sep. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., —
Lehm.)

Stems flexuous, 1-2 feet long, with the branches, stipules, peduncles and calyx
hirsute. Internodes uncial. Stipules lanceolate, acuminate, 2 lines long. Leaves _
unequal, the larger inch-long. Leaflets silky, green above. Peduncles erect, 8-12
lines long. Sepals acuminate, 4 lines long. Petals 6-7 lines long. Stamens as —
long as the calyx. Stigma conical-oblong, 1 line long. Ripe carpels 3 lines lon
including the wings 6 lines wide ; the wings rounded, transversely striate, tooth Lb
the teeth at length more evident and mostly unequal, one 3 lines, the other 2-2,
lines long.—Nearly related to 7. alata, Del., from North Africa, but in Sieber’s
specimens of that species the stems and branches are not hairy, the stipules are
shorter and broader, the peduncles very short, and the disc of the carpels is wider, —
and the wings narrower.

4. T. cristatus (Presl, l.c. p. 30); leaflets in about 5 pairs, sub-equal,
acute ; peduncles in the axil of a 3-4 times shorter leaf ; petals broad,
cuneate, twice as long as the calyx ; style short ; stigma pyramidal ;
iH carpels with two marginal-crested, unequally spinulose wings ; disc of the
f carpels prickly.

Has. At the Gareep, on “op Bare at Verleptram, below 1o0of. Drege./ 7160.
Sep. (Herb, Sond., T.C.D., Lehm.) ;

Very near the preceding, and also hairy, but the hairs are stiffer, less dense an
the colour is greener. Stipules acuminate, 2-3 lines long. Leaf an inch or more
in length. Peduncles +1 inch long. Flowers large, the petals in some 6 lines, 10
others nearly an inch long. Carpels 3-seeded, emarginate at summit, thé ripe } inch
wide and high ; the wings membranous, twice as wide as the disc, armed at the mar-
gin with spines, }-2 lines long. Seeds oblong. :

v-\ I«SISYNDITE, E. Mey.

Calyx 5-parted, the lobes somewhat imbricate. Petals 5, at first
short and truncate, at length oblong, longer than the calyx. Stamens
10, hypogynous; filaments subulate, glabrous, equalling the calyx ;
anthers linear, versatile, two-celled, longitudinally slitting. Hypogy-
nous-scales 5, circling the ovary, opposite the sepals. Ovary sessile,
very hairy, 5-angled, 5-celled ; ovules solitary, erect. Style filiform,
hairy, thickened into a clavate 5-furrowed stigma. Fruit capsular, 5-
lobed, the carpels compressed, ovate, acute, transversely furrowed, 2 all
parts clothed with long, golden-yellow hairs, at length separating and
opening by the ventral sutures, Seed compressed, erect ; testa mem-
branous ; embryo without albumen ; cotyledons thick ; radicle short,
superior, |

_ _ A suffrutex, with the habit of Spartiwn junceum, di-tri-chotomous and quite gla-
_brous and glaucous, with very few leaves. Leaves onshort petioles, remote, a
ching in pairs, simple, obovate, retuse or shortly apiculate, :

_ pules 2, short. Peduncles solitary, in the forks of the Srasieled one-fiowered.
Name, perhaps from cuvdéw, to link together ?

1.8. spartea (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege).

_ Several fect high, erect, with terete, virgate branches and ramuli. Adult leaves
} lines wide, very entire ; petiole t line long. Stipules ovate,
mbranous or somewhat coloured, albo-tomentose within. Pe

* Leaves simple.

Zygophyllum. | ZYGOPHYLLEA (Sond.) 355

and nearly twice as long, yellow, striate, Hyp.-scales glabrous, 1 line long, bifid,
the lobes denticulate on the inner side. Style thick, 3~4 lines long. Carpels 6 lines
long, 3 lines wide. Seed 4 lines long,

IIL AUGEA, Thunb.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, the segments ovato-lanceolate, with valvate
estivation, Petals none. Hypogynous-dise cup-shaped, membranous,
1o-toothed, with subulate-setaceous teeth. Stamens 10, inserted be-
tween the teeth of the disc ; filaments very short,. broad, trifid, the
medial segment antheriferous, the lateral subulate, longer than the
anthers ; anther fixed below the middle, oblong, 2-celled. Petaloid
scales linear (white) bifid to the middle, outside the stamens and oppo-
site them, rather longer than the calyx. Ovary free, somewhat angu-
lar, glabrous, 10-celled ; ovules pendulous, fixed to the central angle.
Style short, filiform ; stigma simple. Capsule oval-oblong, 10-angled,
10-valved, the valves dehiscing. Seeds solitary, oblong, with a thickish
testa ; embryo exalbuminous; cotyledons flat, thickish ; radicle supe-
rior. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 389.

An annual, glabrous, fleshy herb, with the aspect of a Mesembryanth Root
fusiform, fibrous. Stem simple or divided at base, jointed, with terete, erect, alter-
nate branches. Leaves opposite, simple, connate, terete, obtuse, flattish above. Sti-
pules short. Flowers axillary, solitary, or 2-3 together. Peduncles 1-flowered,
bibracteolate at base. Name unexplained by Thunberg. '

1. A. capensis (Thunb. L. c.)

Has. Karroo between Oliphant’s River and Boc&landsberg, Thunderg. Salt soil
at Bitterfontem, Bechuana’s land, Zey./ 281. Apl. ‘(Herb. Sond.)

Stem 1-1 foot long, as thick as a goosequill; Lower internodes 1-14 inch long,
Leaves 1-11 inch long, 2 lines wide. Upper ewe ovato-lanceolate. Peduncles
3-4,—in fruit 6 lines long. Bracteoles very slender. Calyx 3-4 lines long. Scales
(or petals) bifid, with erect, obtuse segments. Capsules inclosed in the bottom of
the calyx, 7-8 lines long, 4-5 wide. : ape es

Calyx 4-5-parted, persistent or deciduous, imbricate. Petals 4-5,
clawed, twisted-imbricate. Stamens 8-10 ; filaments subulate, with
an entire or bifid, or bipartite scale at base. Disc fleshy, 8—10-angled.
Ovary 4—5-angled or lobed, 4—5-celled ; ovules 2 or more, axile. Style
furrowed, continuous be a ovary ; vi rae age Capsule a .

led or winged, 6—5-celled, few or seve: mbryo straight,
in t thin albumen. . Prod. 1. p. 705. Endl. Gen. 6036. .

Small shrubs or undershrubs, with rigid, sometimes spiny branches and fleshy or
thinly membranous leaves. Stipules membranous or spinous. Leaves simple or bi-
foliolate, sessile or petiolate. Peduncles one-flowered. Petals white or yellowish,
rarely red, mostly with a deep-coloured basal , and radiating-coloured nerves.
Name from (vyos, a yoke, and pvaAdAoyr, a leaf ; leaves are opposite.

_ ANALYSIS OF THE SPECTES.

Scales at the base of the filaments undivided... (+) eordifatiam

£56 ZYGOPHYLLEZ (Sond.)
Scales at the base of the filaments —
shrubby ; capsule prismatic
annual ; capsule obcordate

** Leaves bifoliolate, sessile.

Leaflets linear : capsule oval, 5-lined .

ss » + eapsule globose, 5- angled .. ei
linear-cuneiform ; caps. oblong, 5- -winged
» oblong-cuneate ; caps. globose, 5-angled....
»» lanceolate-oval, with margins ...
»» lanceolate-oval, with smooth erik dé
3 obovate-roundish ve

*** Leaves bifoliolate, petiolate.
Scales at the base of the filaments undivided :
Capsule orbicular, very large, widely-winged ..
Capsule with narrow wings, or sated angular :
Arborescent .... 3 ;
Shrubby ; with tufted leaves
Shrubby ; with opposite leaves :
leaflets linear-lanceolate ...
leaflets narrow-elliptical ...
leaflets ‘ecteaeete, or elliptical :
3 longer than the scales... ...
beaenareet “2-4 times longer than the
es :
leaflets inch long ; ag or arated
bel obtuse ang’ mS
leafl. b-1 inch ing: = caps. oblong,

4-5 winged
leafi. $-1 | inch long ; caps. sub-globose,
es
leafl. 1-2 lines long ;_ caps. winged,
emarginate pete
leaflets obovate, on longish petioles :
branches 4-angled ; scales of stamens

ciliate...
ae scarcely striate; . scales

Seiden terete, furrow striate 5 . scales
ciliate HESS

Scales at the base of the filaments bipartite :

Peduncles axillary ; leaflets 2~3 lines long ...
_ Flowers cymese ; leaflets 6 lines long...

* Leaves simple. (Sp. t-3.)

Lz cordifolium

wae peeateorbicwiar ; flowers axillary, so
Tong as”

i > et Pp. -

(Zygophyllum. —

(2) prismatocarpum.
(3) simplex.

(4) pygmeum,
(5) spinosum.
(8) cuneifolium.
a flexuosum.
(6) sessilifolium.
(7) fulvum.
(10) divaricatum.

.

ea Shae eric a2

A

(11) Morgsana. 3

(16) dichotomum.
(18) inerustatum,

(12) maculatum.
(19) microcarpum.

(17) glaueum.

(13) Vitenhagense.
(14) debile.
(30) Lichtensteinianum
(15) mierophyllum.

(22) Meyeri.
(23) foetidum.
(21) leptopetalum.

(24) retrofractum.
(25) Dregeanum.

(Lin. f. Suppl. p. 232) ; shrubby ; ; leaves simple,

; filaments twice as

the truncate-lacerate scales ; capsule ae ‘four-winged. Thunb.
acs “eS ie I. p. 405. E. Lg ! ise

Zygophyllum.) ZYGOPHYLLER (Sond.) $57

half-cordate, these 1-3-nerved, the mid-nerve subdivided, those mostly 5-nerved
from the base, all very entire, somewhat fleshy, very delicately netted with veins,
about an inch long and wide, the upper smaller. Stipules lanceolate, 1 line long.
Flowers 4-5-cleft. Peduncles about as long as the leaves. Sepals ovate-oblong, 3
lines long. Petals yellowish, broad, thrice as long as the calyx. Stamens } the
length of the petals. Style subulate. Capsule 8 lines long, 4 lines wide, netted,
obtuse at each end, the wings 1 line long. Seeds not seen.

2. Z. prismatocarpum (E. Mey. !) shrubby ; leaves simple, sessile,
roundish-obovate, narrowed at base ; flowers panicled at the ends of
the branches ; filaments 8-10 t2mes longer than the deeply bifid, obtuse
scales ; capsule prismatic, sharply 5-angled.

Var. 8. diffusum ; stem shorter, diffuse ; leaves scarcely narrowed
at base; panicle more leafy.

Has. Between Kaus, Natvoet and Doornpoort ; 8. between Natvoet and the Ga-
riep, 1000-2000f. Drege! Sep.-Oct. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., E. Mey.)

Stem erect, terete, with grey bark ; branches erecto-patent, angularly-compressed,
greenish, ramulose. Internodes }-1 inch long. Leaves spreading, sub-amplexi-
caul, with the midrib conspicuous at the base only, carnoso-coriaceous, glaucous-
green, fragile when dry, 6-8 lines long, 4-6 lines wide at the apex, 1 line at base,
some smaller ; in 8. with the base sub-cordate, often not narrowed, 5—6 lines long
and wide. Stipules minute, often wanting. Upper flowering branchlets crowded
in a pyramidal panicle, which in our specimens is 2—3 inches long. Pedicels solitary
in the forks, nodding, 1-2 lines long. Sepals oval, 14 lines long. Petals cream-
coloured, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens as long as the petals. Scales very
minute, scarcely visible to the naked eye, bifid to the base, the segments truncate,
obtuse, very entire, hyaline. Capsule brownish-purple, oblong, cuneate, 4-5 lines
long, 14 lines wide above, obtuse, tipped with a oor style, deeply 5-furrowed and
somewhat winged.

3. Z. simplex (Linn. Mant. p. 68); annual ; leaves simple, fleshy, |
cylindrical. Willd. Sp. Pl. 2. P.1 p.560. DC. Prod. 1. p.705. Z.
portulacoides, Forsk. descr. p. 88. Ic. t. 12. B,

Var. ber barca (Sond) ; stems stronger, ascending-erect, 6-12 inches
high, much-branched, leaves obovate or cuneate-oblong, obtuse. Z.
microphyllum, E. & Z.!771,non Thunb. Z. microcarpum, FE. Mey.!, non
Lichtenstein. Z. Dregeanum, Presl,non Sond.

Has. Clayey soil in Bosjesmansland, at the Orange R., E. & Z./ near Verlept-
— Drege! leaner and Kamos, Zey.’ 280. Sep.-Jan. (Herb. E. Mey.,
Sond., Lehm.

A succulent annual, fragile when dry. Root perpendicular, as thick as a pigeon’s
quill. Stems ie tink cay eee Gs ance root, decumbent at base, then erect,

branches. Leaves very widely ing,

lines long, a line wide, narrowed at base, sub-sessile, very
long. P yellowish, clawed, obovate, twice as long as the obtuse sepals. Sta-
mens as long as the petals. Scales bipartite to the base, hyaline, the segments ob-
long, obtuse, thrice as short as the filaments. Capsule mostly pendulous, 1 line
long and wide, emarginate at the apex, obcordate, sharply 5- led; style very slen- _
der, half as long as the capsule or longer. The flowers and fruits in the Arabian
and Egyptian specimens entirely agree with those in the Cape plant.

** Leaves bifoliolate, sessile. (Sp. 4-10.) ae
4. Z. pygmeum (E. & Z.! 769) ; fruticulose, glabrous; leaves

: fle

ee ZYGOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) [Zygophyllum

sile, bifoliolate ; leaflets subincurved, oblong, with revolute-margins, sub-
terete, obtuse, fleshy ; stipules very short, recurved, spiny ; filaments | i:
times as long as the serrato-ciliate scale ; capsule oval, marked with
5 lines.

Has. Among shrubs at Gauritz Riv., Swell., #& Z./ Nov.-Dec. (Herb Sond).

A small bush, 6-12 inches high, rigid, much-branched, greyish ; with alternate,
terete primary branches, as thick as a goose-quill, and alternate or opposite, slender,
curved, somewhat angular branchlets. Internodes 4-6 lines long, the lower longer.
Leaflets erect, green, 3-4 lines long. Peduncles solitary, rather longer than the
leaves. Sepals ovate, 2 lines long. Petals obovate, thrice as long as the sepals,
yellowish, with yellow bases. Wilianieve shorter than the petals. Capsule oval,
shortly apiculate, surrounded by the persistent calyx, 4 lines long, somewhat angu-
lar, with § raised lines. Zygophyllum, Drege, 7172 (in flower) seems to belong to
the present, rather than to the following species.

-§. Z. spinosum (Linn. Sp. p. 552) ; fruticulose, glabrous ; leaves ses-
sile, bifoliolate ; leaflets linear, flat or with the margin sub-revolute,
acute, fleshy ; stipules short, at length spiny ; filaments thrice as long
as the obovate, recurved, serrate scale ; capsule globose, somewhat winged
or sharply 5-angled. Burm. Afr. p. 5.t.2. f.2. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 544-
EL. & Z.! 770.

Has. In sandy places and between shrubs in the Cape Flats, near Zekoevallet
brig ee and at Ae cae Bay, Thunberg, LE. & Z.! Groenrivier — Seat:

ei, inzius! Drege, 7171. Muysenberg, Zey.! 2149. Langvallei, Zey./ 2
Sep.-Oct. (Herb. Sond., E. Mey., Lehm.)

A bush 1-2 feet high, much-branched from the base ; the branches alternate,
grey ; branchlets alternate or opposite, terete or angular, filiform, flexuous. Inter-
nodes 4 lines, sometimes 1-2 inches long. Leaflets 4-10 lines long, }~1 line wide,
drying blackish. Stipules triangular, very acute, reflexed, about } line long. Flowers
5-cleft, nodding. Peduncles equalling or surpassing the leaves, sepals ovate, 2 lines
long. Petals obovate, 2-3 times longer, yellowish or cream-colour, and from base
to middle red-streaked, or with a purple spot at base. Capsule 4-5 lines long.

6. Z. sessilifolium (Linn. Sp. p. 552); fruticulose; stem weak, pros-
trate, kneebent, branched ; branches and branchlets herbaceous, some-
what angled, or semi-terete ; leaves sessile, bifoliolate ; leaflets danceo-
late-oval, acute, or mucronulate, narrowed at base, with cartilaginous
denticulate-scabrid margin ; stipules ovato-lanceolate; filaments twice
as long as the ciliato-serrate scales ; capsules sub-globose, 5-angled, ob-
tuse, apiculate. Burm. Afr. p. 4.t.2.f.1. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 544. var-
1, E. § Z.! 763. Z.Capense, Lam. Z. limosum, E. &, Z.1 661. 2. Com-

mein, FE. &. Z.! 765, ex pte.

on the Cape Flats and shore bala Lion’s Mt., Table Mt. and

bern dA i-tten Apchege ib tend, Mats

od

= os ite. ‘Stems prostrate, as if creeping, whitish, leafless, 6-12 inches long,
___ breaking up into . ping, whitish, le , of
_ which the shorter are or erect, weak branches, 4-6 inches long or longer, ©

torter are mostly undivided, the longer alternately or oppositely branched.
rnode ook nigh 2 Leaflets flesh fiat, 6-8 lines tong, about 3 lines wide,
5 iy ms pied small, refi Peduncles saree ore, $5

Petals crenulate, twice as long as the calyx, white, with
Leon mated to the point. Stem shorter than

neh
purple streaks, to Ste sniddle or

sm:

-

Zygophyllum.] - 2YGOPHYLLE® (Sond.) 359

lar, the younger semi-terete ; leaves sessile, bifoliolate ; leaflets Jance-
olate-oval, acute, somewhat narrowed at base, with smooth margins ; sti-
pules lanceolate ; filaments thrice as long as the ciliato-lacerate, dor-
sally papilla-margined scales ; capsules ovate-oblong, acute, furrowed and
5-angled, Z. sessilifolium B, Lin. Sp. ed. 2. p. 552. Burm. Afr. p. 6. t.
3. f.u Z. fuloum, HE. & Z. 1764. Z. maritimum, E. § Z.! 757, ex pte.

Z. semiteres, H. & Z.! 762. Z. sessilifolium, Bot. Mag. t.2184. 2. ala-
tum, EL. Mey! Zey.! 275, 2143, 2144.

Has. Sandy and stony places, near Capetown, Gueinzius/ Witsen!
Rivier Kloof and Caledon’s Bay, Zeyher! Howhoek, Hott. Holl., and -
tein, E.dZ./ Also at the Zwartkop’s R. and Port Elizabeth. jaa de Wup-
perthal and Gnadendahl, Drege / Jul.-Dec. (Herb. Sond., E. Mey., Lehm.,T.C.D.)

Allied to the preceding, but known by the more shrubby, taller stem, thicker
branches, and particularly by the semi-terete, almost winged branchlets ; larger,
fulvous flowers, and longer, not globose capsules. Stem and primary branches as
thick as a goose-quill, terete, greyish, somewhat woody ; branches and ramuli alter-
nate or opposite, erect, patulous, 3-4 inch. to a foot long, herbaceous or purplish,
striate, 1 line thick, one side flat, the other convex ; sometimes with the opposite
angles. prominent, two-winged or ancipital. Internodes 4-2 inch. long. fone
leaflets 10-12 lines long, 4 lines wide, the rest 5-8 lines long, 2 lines wide, very
fleshy, one-nerved, the cartilaginous edge not denticulate, acute or mucronate, “Ste
pules reflexed. Peduncles }-1 ao long, reflexed after flowering. Sepals 4 lines
long, widely ovate, acute, sub-carnose, at length reflexed, persistent. Botale’ twice
as long as the calyx, broadly obovate, fulvous or yellow, with a red blotch at base.
Filaments half as long as the petals, Style subulate. Capsule 10 lines long, 8
lines wide, 5-furrowed when dry, the angles narrow-winged. Flowers in a few spe-
cimens whitish ; changed in drying ? i

8. Z. cuneifolium (E. & Z.! 767); shrubby; branches woody ; leaves
sessile, bifoliolate ; leaflets linear-cuneiform, obtuse, oblique at base,
fleshy ; stipules small, acute; sepals ovato-lanceolate ; filaments twice
as long as the oblong, lacero-ciliate scales ; capsules oblong, 5-winged.
Z. rigescens, E, Mey.!

Has. Stony mountains, near the mouth of the Orange River, E.@ Z.!_ Karroo |

hills at Mierenkasteel, below 1ooof. Drege/ fae -Nov. Re ieoge E. Mey. )

capsules. A ri pesto anc ‘labrot ™
short tenets Siadieiieg neal oo chediar witaae timate branchlets. Internodes 3-6 lines
long, or longer. Leaflets 5—6 lines long, about 1 line wide, pale green, one-nerved.
Peduncles 5—6 lines long, recurved in fruit. Sepals 2 lines long, at a.
persistent. Petals twice as long as the calyx, yellowish. Ovary 0 Style
subulate. gee spied To ede. narrowly rv. apiculate.

9. Z. flexuosum (E. & Z.! 768); shrubby; branches herbaceous,
angular ; leaves sessile, bifoliolate ; leaflets obovate-oblong or linear-ob-
long, obtuse, or apiculate, narrowed at base, smooth-margined, flat, fleshy ;
«= ules small, subulate; sepals oval, obtuse, apiculate ; filaments thrice

as long as the oblong, serrato-ciliate scales ; capsules globose, furrowed

and 5-angled.

(tet

Var. a. ; leaves linear-oblong, cuneate at base. Z. Commelini, E. & oe

44 765, ex pte. Z. flecuosum, E. & Z.!

‘Var. 8.; leaves cuneate-oblong or obovate-oblong. Dill. Hort. Elth.
t, 116. f 142. Z. Commelini, E. & Z.! ex pte. Z. idle sn
Schoenb. t. 354. non Thunb.

_ petiolate ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, sub-oblique at base ; calyx glabrous,

winged, the wings very wide, membranous, netted. Dill. Eith. t. 116. f.
141. Burm. Afr.t.3. f.2. Willd. Sp. 9. p. 562. E. § Z.! 753. Drege!
391, 7161, 7162, 7163, Zey.! 2145. Z. Lichtensteinianum, L. GZ!

360 ZYGOPHYLLEZ (Sond.) (Zygophyllum.

Var. y. pruinosum ; leaves obovate, cuneate, thick, powdery.

Has. Hills near Caledon; 8. at Constantia and about Capetown, and at Sal-
danha Bay, E. & Z.! Pappe! River Zonder Ende and Hassagais Kloof, Zey. / 2148
y. in sandy places, between Oliphant’s R. and Knakisberg, Zey./ 276. Jan.-Sep.
(Herb. Sond.) ee

A shrub, 1~4 feet high, almost intermediate between Z. spinosum and Z. sessili-
folium ; and in var. y. approaching the following. Var. a. nearly approaches Z.
cuneifolium, but that is a smaller and more rigid plant, and specially differs in the
fruit ; var. y., of which the fruit is unknown, may possibly be a distinct species.
Stem terete ; primary branches terete or angular, often flexuous ; branchlets angu- —
lar, short or virgate. Internodes 4-1 inch long. Leaflets 6 lines long, 1} line wide,
in y. twice shorter, fleshy, the nerve often not conspicuous. Stipules :
Peduncles equalling or excelling the leaves, nodding. Sepals 2 lines long. Petals
obovate, cuneate, thrice as long as the calyx, yellowish, with an orange or purple
spot at base. Filaments shorter than the petioles. Capsule 4 lines long and wide,
or a little narrower, tipped with the base of the style. Drege’s No. 7166 differs
little from this, but the specimens are imperfect.

10. Z. divaricatum (E. & Z.! 766); shrubby ; branches divaricate ;
leaves sessile, bifoliolate ; leaflets obovate-rounded or elliptical, not cu-
neate at base, unequal-sided, fleshy ; stipules minute, at length spinous;
sepals oval or oblong-ovate ; filaments thrice as long as the oblong,
sub-recurved, lacero-ciliate scales; capsules oval-globose, apiculate, bluntly
5-angled.

Has. Calcareous hills between the Zondag.and Coega Rivers, Uit., EB. § 4-/
Ceega-Kamma’s Kloof, Zeyher / 2147. May.-June. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

A greyish, sub-erect shrub, a foot or more in height ; branches mostly alternate,
curved, terete, with angular branchlets. Internodes 4-8 lines long. Leaflets mostly
3 lines long, 2-23 lines wide ; some 4 lines, others not more than 2 lines long.
rounded, rarely minutely pointed, quite entire. Peduncles twice, in fruit thrice 48
long as the leaf. Sepals 11 lines long, in fruit alittle longer, reflexed. Petals obo-
vate, 4—5 lines long, yellow, with a le spot at base. Stamens half as long a
the petals, Style subulate. Capes puny long, nearly as broad, obtuse, tipped

with the base of the style, pentagonal with raised lines and scarcely impré
furrows.

*** Leaves bifoliolate, petiolate. (Sp. 11-28).
11, Z. Morgsana (L. Sp. p. 551) ; shrubby ; leaves bifoliolate, shortly
sepals oval; capsules orbicular, deeply emarginate at each end, 4—5-

Has. Sandhills, Zwartland, at Saldanha Bay ; and at the Zwartkops, Uit., 2 $
Se entoek, and Kampsbay, Krauss! Blauwberg, y, Olifant’s River

ween Kenda and Zwartebergen, Drege/ Jul.-Nov. (Herb. Sond., E. Mey.;

Zygophyllum. | ZYGOPHYLLEX (Sond.) 361

wings delicately membranous, with prominent, netted veinlets. Seeds blackish, sub-
pyriform ; embryo with little albumen.

12. Z. maculatum (Ait. Hort. Kew. 2. p. 60) ; shrubby ;_ branches
terete, furrow-striate ; leaves bifoliolate, shortly petiolate ; leaflets
linear-lanceolate or linear, obtuse, somewhat narrowed at base ; stipules
short, acute ; filaments twice as long as the fimbriato-ciliate scales ;
ovary 5-angled.

Has. Pinaarskloof, Zeyher / May. (Herb. Sond.),

Branches herbaceous, alternate, erecto-patent, six inches or longer, with shorter
branchlets. Internodes in the la:ger branches 1-1} inch long, in the branchlets
6-8 lines. Petioles 4-1 line long, with a sharp, recurved point. Leaflets (of the
branchlets) 4-6 lines long, 3-1 line wide. FI. axillary, solitary, 4-5 cleft, the pe-
duncles equalling or excelling the leaves. Sepals ovate, two lines long, at length
reflexed, persistent. Petals obovate, five lines long, yellow, with a heart-shaj
red spot at base, and (according to Aiton) a transverse red line above the spot in
the three upper petals. Stamens half as long as the petals. Style subulate. Cap-
sule wanting.—Although I have not seen an authentic specimen of Aiton’s plant, I
doubt not ours is the same. It much resembles Z. spinoswm, L., but differs in se-
veral points.

13, Z. Uitenhagense (Sond.); suffruticose ; branches herbaceous,
angular, striolate, the upper semi-cylindrical ; leaves short-stalked, leaf-
lets elliptical or elliptic-oblong, mucronulate, sub-oblique at base, thickish ;
calyx glabrous ; sepals elliptical or ovate; filaments thrice as long as
the obovate-oblong, apically serrulate scales; capsules sub-globose, 5-
angled, with prominent, thickened, obtuse angles. Z. maritimum, L. & Z.!
7 Sir. ex pte. Z. insuave, E.§ Z.! 756, non Sims. Drege, 1265. Zey.!
2140.

Has. Among shrubs and in stony places. Groeneberg, Mundt. Greenpoint,
Zey./ 2147- xrega Riv., Albany, and Zondag Rivers, Uit., Ed Z.!
Zwarteberge, 7169. June-Oct. (Herb. Sond., r. Berol., Lehm.).

a fowl’s quill, soon dividing into alternate or opposite, quadrangular, ramulose

branches 1-2 feet long ; branchlets somewhat . Internodes 1-2} inch long. ae A
a

Petioles 1-2 lines long, with a sharp, reflexed point. Leaflets obtuse, mucronul:
or acute, or acuminate, one-nerved, veiny, more pellucid at the margin, the I rg
10-12 lines long, 4-5 lines wide, usually much smaller. Stipules small, ri

362 ZYGOPHYLLEE (Sond.) [Zygophyllum.

acuminate, reflexed, at length hardened. Flowers 4-5-cleft. Peduncles }-1 inch
long. Sepals two lines long, at length reflexed, persistent, the outer acute. Petals
thrice as long as the calyx, cuneate-obovate, yellowish or yellow, with a purple-violet
basal spot. Stamens + as long as the petals. Capsule 7-8 lines long, 4-5 lines
wide, with thin wings, one line in width.

15. Z. microphyllum (Linn. f. Suppl. p. 232) ; fruticulose, much-
branched ; branches lignescent, with sub-spinescent branchlets ; leaves
shortly petiolate ; leaflets minute, ovate or obovate, sub-oblique, coriaced-
carnose ; peduncles longer than the leaves; sepals ovate, obtuse ; pe-
tals thrice as Jong as the calyx, obovate, clawed ; filaments more than
twice as long as the obovate, lacerate scales; capsules spheroidal, 4-5
winged, truncate at base and apex, sub-emarginate. Thunb. Cap. p. 545+
Z. horridum, Cham. and Schl. l. ¢. p. 46. :

Has. Hantam and Onderste Roggeveld, Thunberg, Drege, 7173. Bitterfontein,
Zey. 277. May. (Herb. Thunb., r. Berol., Sond.). .

A shrub, two feet high or less, the primary branches as thick as a fowl’s quill,
greyish ; secondary spreading, rigid ; branchlets erecto-patent, opposite or alternate,
terete, yellowish, with internodes 4-8 lines long. Leaflets mostly 13~2 lines long,
a line wide, some longer and broader. Petioles as long as the leatlets or shorter,
with a triangular point. Stipules minute, deciduous. Peduncles axillary, 4-6 lines
long. Flowers 4-5-fid. Sepals 11 lines long, reflexed, persistent. Laminaof the
petals elliptical, yellowish, spotted at base. Stamens shorter than the petals. Cap-
sule 21 lines long and wide, the wings veiny and glabrous.

16. Z. dichotomum (Lichst. ; Cham. and Schl. 1. ¢. p. 48); arbo-
rescent ; branches dichotomous ; branchlets sometimes opposite, terete,
short ; leaves short-stalked; leaflets minute, widely obovate or ob-
liquely obcordate, coriaceous.

Has. On the Gareep River, Lichtenstein. June. (Herb. Reg.-Berol.)

A tall tree, called “ Witgat” by the colonists, Licht,—The single branch, in Herb.
Berol., is about eight inches long, as thick as a goose-quill, eight times forked, sub-
trichotomous toward the extremity, with spreading branchlets. The few leaves

that remain are carnoso-coriaceous, the leaflets 14-2 lines long. Flowers and fruits
wanting.

17. Z. glaucum (E. Mey.) ; fruvticulose ; branches lignescent ; branch-
lets angular; leaves shortly petiolate ; leaflets oblong or elliptic-ob-
long, sub-oblique at base, coriaceous, glaucous ; sepals obtuse, glabrous ;.
petals obovate, acute, clawed; filaments one-third longer than the ob-
long-cuneate, fimbriato-ciliate scales ; (unripe) capsule sub-globose.

pie Mean in Klein Namaqualand, 3000f. Sep. Drege/ 3189. (Herb. E.
A low, much-branched, rigid, greyish undershrub, with alternate branches. Pe-
tioles mostly but one-half as long as the leaflets, oot bese point. Leaf-
Bs ;3 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, some smaller, one-nerved. Stipules small, tri-
‘Sngular, acute. Peduncles 3-4 lines long. Sepals one line long, at length reflexed,

_ Petals 3-4 times longer than the calyx, yellowish. Stamens shorter

_ than the petals, the larger part covered with the fimbriate scales. Unripe capsule
: pb rar Aaa or furrowed at base, brownish, tipped with a rigid, subulate

2 18, Zz

_— lignescent mm (E. Mey.) ; fruticulose, with alternate, rigid,
short and : bo-papillose ‘branches, the ultimate branchlets

or geminate, petiolate ; leaflets ellip-

e
ube
>

mer

tie-oblong, obluse, lea

Zygophyllum.] 2YGOPHYLLE& (Sond.) 363

narrowed at base ; Bigmcntas 3-4 times longer than the oblong, inciso-
serrate scales ; capsules ovate, acute at each end, 5-winged.

Has. Stony x ie at Zeekoe Riv., s000f. ; between Beaufort and Rhinoster-
kopf. 2500-3000f. Drege/ Crad Tarka River 3000-4000f. and Fish River, Zey. /
278. Bassuto-land, Meisner. Oct.- (Herb. Sond., E. Mey., T.C.D.)

A small, rigid, much-branched bush, remarkable for its white-warted bark, at
length cleft, and its y branchlets. Spines 2-6 lines long, simple or bifid. Pri-
mary branches i take 22 a goose-quill. Leaves rarely solitary, almost always clus-
tered at the base of ie lnk Boke branchlets. Leaflets 2-3 lines long, 1-1} line wide.
Petioles equalling ee two lines long, reflexed in fruit, persistent.
Petals tite Dad Wwe arlene We ae calyx, yellow. Stamens as long as the petals.
Capsule on a pedicel 14-2 lines long, about 4-5 lines long, two lines wide, tipped
with a subulate style ; the wings nearly one line wide,

19, Z. microcarpum (Lichtenst. herb., Cham, & Schl. L. ¢.) ; shrub-
by; the branches and branchlets opposite or alternate, terete, articu-
late ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets narrow elliptical, sub-acute, fleshy, nearly
equal to the petiole ; stipules hyaline; sepals ovate, acute ; petals
13-twice as long, narrow-obovate, clawed ; filaments twice as long
as the broadly cuneate scales; ovary tomentose ; capsule pilose, broadly
5-winged, deeply excised at the apex, the wings sub-orbicular. Z. garie-
pense, H. Mey. ! in Hb. Drege.

Var. 8. prostratum; stem prostrate, leaves mostly smaller. Z.
prostratum, £. Mey.! non Thunb.

Has. Olifant’s River, Lichtenstein. Gariep, Drege / Rhinosterke opt, near Beaufort,
Zey./ 279. B. Limoenfeld, Winterveld, 3000—4000f. Drege! Oct.-Jan. (Herb. reg.-
Berol., T.C.D., Sond.),

Stems and branches woody, as thick as a fowl’s quill, yellowish, grey below,
thickened at the joints. Internodes 3-4 lines to one inch long, Branchlets spread-
ing, greenish. Petiole with a small, weak point. Leaflets 2-4 lines long, 1-1}
lines wide. Stipules short, whitish, subulate-acuminate from a broad base. Flowers

axillary, short-stalked, 5-cleft. Sepals two lines long. Petals whitish. Stamens

as long as the calyx, the scale much dilated and too at top. Capsule shortly
pedicellate, 3-4 lines wide, 2 lines Jong; wings veiny ; a ra ae ——
long, in the indention of the capsule.

20. Z. Lichtensteinianum (Cham. and Schl. 1 ‘pay? abe |
branches lignescent, terete, without strie ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets elip-
tical or elliptic-oblong, rounded-obtuse, sub-retuse, oblique at base, 2
thery ; sepals obtuse, downy ; petals obovate, cuneate ; filaments thrice :
as long as the obovate-oblong, fimbriato-lacerate scales ; capsule hed

ripe) sub-spheroid, a5 Tee. se Thunbergianum, E. GZ. ! 763, excl.

syn.
Has. Cape Lichtenstein. “Among shrubs in Karoo, t Gans Rive, Swell, £.
ibe Faso quads waned T.C.D., Sond.) |
green (not dh larger 6:9 Hiner three lines wide, but most]
me wie Coeint m or less. Sve eigen ne
fid. , nodding, et .
i ermere petal Salsas kong 20 ts only pale yellow Stamens as long.

padeest 9 ston winged, ti with a subulate style. Known from A, Mong ee

sana by the longer petioles ; flowers twice as small, and much smaller
21. Z. leptopetalum (E. Mey. !) ; suffruticose ; branches herba ac

364 ZYGOPHYLLER (Sond) — [Zygophyllum.

tercte, furrow-striate, somewhat jointed ; leaves on long petioles ; leaflets ;
obovate, obtuse or mucronulate, oblique at base ; calyx at length glabrous ;
petals oblong-cuneate ; filaments twice as long as the oblong, fimbriate
scales ; ovary glabrous, furrowed ; capsule sub-rotund, 5-angled.

Has. Rocky places. Silverfontein, 2000-3000f. Drege / Sept. Oct. (Herb. E.
Mey., Sond., T.C.D., Lehm.).

Stems erect, as thick as a goose-quill ; branches opposite or alternate, branchlets
gradually more slender, with internodes $2 inch long. Petioles 4-6 lines long, with
ashort, recurved point. Leaflets pale green, 8-10 lines long, six lines wide, some
smaller. Stipules lanceolate, a line long, deciduous. Pedune. axillary, simple me.
bifid, 4-6 lines long. Sepals ovate, one line long, at length reflexed, persistent.
Petals four lines long, one line wide, yellow. Stam. shorter than the corolla. Cap-
sule brownish, three lines long and wide.

22, Z. Meyeri (Sond.) ; suffruticose ; branches herbaceous, primary
4-sided ; leaves on long petioles ; leaflets obovate, obtuse, oblique .
base ; calyx glabrous, the younger downy ; sepals roundish, obtuse ;
petals obovate ; filaments twice as long as the oblong, ciliate Sane
scales ; ovary globose, glabrous, smooth ; capsule? Z. focidum, £.
Mey. non Schrad.

Has. Modderfontein and Mierenkasteel, 1000-2000f. Drege! Aug. (Herb. E.
ey Cerne preceding and fi from the first by its 4-sided

ied to the ing and following species ; known from the ry its 4° é
not furrowed branches ; from the latter by its remarkably quadrangular a
glabrous calyx and the long cilia of the staminal-scales. Branches and brane 8
opposite, curved. Petioles in the lower or larger leaves half inch long, a
upper shorter. Larger leaflets 12-14 lines long, ten lines wide, very oblique
base ; upper 4-6 lines long, 3-4 wide. Stipules ovato-lanceolate, one line tong,
Flowers 5-fid, yellow, little smaller than in the following. Petals narrower an
not lacerate at the point. Stamens shorter than the petals. Style subulate.

98. Z. foetidum (Schrad. and Wendl. Sert. Han, p. 17. t. 9) 5 suf
fruticose ; branches herbaceous, the primary terete, scarcely striolate;—
leaves on long petioles, leaflets obovate, obtuse, oblique at base ; calys
pubescent, sepals rounded, obtuse ; petals broadly obovate, inciso-den-
tate ; filaments 3-4 times longer than the oblong, ciliato-serrate scales ;
ovary sub-globose, sub-sulcate ; capsules oval-sub-rotund, 5-angled. DO.
Prod. 1.p.705. Z. Fabago, Thunb. Cap. p. 543, non L. 4. wmswave
Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 372 (a form with narrower petals). Z. retrofractum
E. & Z.! 755 non Thunb. Z. Lichtensteinianum, E. & Z.! 754 &% ast
Has. Interior regions, Thunberg. Among shrubs at the Zwartkop’s River, Uit.
and Gauritz R., Swell. £. dé Z./ Stony places between Zwarteberg and Kendo,
2000-3000f. Drege. Aug.-Dec. (Herb. Thanb., Sond., T.C.D., Lebm. )
_ Asmall shrub, 2-4 feet high, mostly with elongated branches and branchlets.
long, keeled, with a lanceolate, finally reflexed point. Larger
6-10 lines wide, obliquely narrowed at base, penninerve’
shorter, 4-6 lines long, 3 a

Seetzenia.] ZYGOPHYLLEH (Sond.) 365

petiolate ; leaflets (minute) obovate, carnose ; peduncles axillary, shorter
than the leaf ; sepals oblong; petals little longer than the calyx ; fila-
ments thrice as long as the hyaline, deeply bifid scales ; capsule spheroi-
dal, 4-5-winged. Z. retrofractum, E. Mey. Hb. Drege. Z. horridum,
E.d& Z.! 772. Z. microcarpum, E. & Z, ! 773.

Has .Karroo, below Bockland, Thunberg. Uitflugt, between Limoenfontein, Brack-
valei and Buffelrivier, 3000-4000f., and in the Nieuweveld, Drege / Between Koch-
manskloof and ‘Gauritz River, Kannaland, and at Olifant’s R., Clanw. £. & Z./
Nov. Dec. (Herb. Thunb., E. Mey., T.C.D., Sond.).

A. low-growing (decumbent, Thunb.), rigid, squarrose, greyish or yellowish under-
shrub ; the ultimate ramuli 1-2 inches long. Internodes 3-4 lines long. Petioles
nearly as long as the leafiets. Leaflets 2-3 lines long. Peduncles shorter than
the calyx. Calyx one line long. Petals clawed, equalling the filaments. Segments
of the minute staminal scales obovate, obtuse, Ripe capsule 11 line long and
broad, tipped with a short style ; wings glabrous, one-half line wide. A remarkable
species, having sometimes simple, obovate, narrow-based leaves, intermixed with the
usual bifoliolate ones.

25. Z. Dregeanum (Sond.) ; suffruticose ; branchlets terete ; leaves
petiolate, bifoliolate, the floral mostly simple ; leaflets (rather large)
obovate, obtuse, somewhat fleshy; flowers cymose; petals narrow,
clawed, twice as long as the oblong sepals ; filaments six times as long as
the minute, hyaline, bifid scales; ovary 4—5-winged.

Has. On a mountain at Trado, 2000f. Drege! 7164. (Herb. Sond.).

Branch 6-8 inches long, whitish, with sub-secund branchlets, compressed toward
the upper end, the lower 2-3 inches long, the upper gradually shorter. Leaves at
the base of the branchlets petiolate, the petiole equalling the leaf. The larger
leaves in our specimens are } inch long, 4 lines wide; some smaller. Stipules
linear subulate, hyaline. Branchlets alternately divided, with 2-4 ramelli, oppo-
site the leaves, converted into 3-8-flowered cymules. Bract-leaves of the cy-
mules smaller than the rest, simple, obovate-oblong. Pedicels 13-2 lines long.
Sepals 1 line long. Petals whitish, oblong. Filaments equalling the petals. Seg-
— —_ staminal scales obovate, entire. Ovary spheroidal, tipped with a fili-
orm style. ETE ie hare Ba

V. SEETZENIA, R. Br.

. Calyx 5-parted, with valvate estivation. Corolla rae mastery a
ypogynous, opposite the calyx-segments ; filaments subulate, na :
anthers ps mak glohons ddpocde. longitudinally dehis-
cing. Ovary sessile, oblong, 5-celled. Ovules solitary, pendulous,
axile, anatropous. Styles 5, terete, reflexed, with capitate stigmas,
Capsule ovoid, penta-coccous; the cocci separating from a central 5-
angled axis, cack With a narrow, linear, dorsal and brittle
endocarp, otherwise nude, one-seeded. Seeds inverse, oval, compressed,
with a crustaceous testa, inside a mucous investing layer. Embryo
lying in thin albumen, orthotropous ; with thickish cotyledons and a
minute, superior radicle. &. Br. in Denh., Oud. and Clapp. Narr. p.
231. Endl. Gen. 6042.

A woolly or glabrous suffrutex, native of Southern Africa. Branches jointed. = : oe

Leaves opposite trifoliolate, the leaflets flat, apiculate, the terminal larger, obovate. _
Ho. seed pea scones Peduncles axillary, one-flowered, pendulous in fruit. Name
-in honour of See/zen, a meritorious African traveller. 3 eee

366 MELIANTHE (Sond.) [Meliantha

1. 8S. africana (R. Brown, 1. c.); Zygophyllum prostratum, Thunb.
Cap. p. 543, S. prostrata, E. & Z.! 774.
- Has. Interior provinces, Masson, Sandy ground at Heerelogement, Clanw., 2.
& Z.! Sept. (Herb. Thunb., T.C.D., Sond.). :
- Stem 1-2 feet long, knee-bent, as stick as a pigeon’s quill, terete, papilloso-sca-
brid, as well as the leaves. Branches and branchlets divaricate. Internodes 3
inch long in the stem, shorter in the branches and ramuli. Leaves petiolate, the
petiole 1 line long, equalling the petiolulate leaflets. Peduncles longer than the
leaves, Linch long, nodding. Calyx 3 lines long, the segments 1 line wide. Sta
mens as long as the calyx or longer. Anthers versatile. Styles 5, rarely 6-7. Cap-

sule broadly ovoid, 3 lines long, of 5, rarely 6-7 carpels: carpels obtuse and green
at back. Seeds 2 lines long. '

OrpER XXXVI. MELIANTHEA, Planch.

(By W. SonveEr.)

(Planch. Trans, Linn. Soc. Vol. xx. p. 414. Melianthacee, Endl.
Gen. Suppl. iv. p. 80. Zygophyllee spurie, alternifolie, DC. Prod.
I.p. 707. Zygoph. Tribe 3, Melianthee, Harv. Gen. p. 48.)

Flowers perfect (or sometimes polygamous ?), more or less irregular.
Calyx 5 parted, the odd segment posterior, all quincuncially imbricate
in estivation. Petals 4-5, alternate with the calyx-lobes, clawed, naked,
or having on the claw minute fleshy tubercles, Stamens 4-5, al-
ternate with the petals ; filaments thick; anthers fixed at the back
above the base, 2-celled, cells adnate to a dorsal connective, introrse,
slitting. Disc between the petals and stamens, either horse-shoe-shaped
or imperfectly annular. Ovary 4-5-celled ; ovules 2~4 in each cell,
two rows, affixed above the middie of the inner angle, horizontal oF
ascending, or solitary and ascending from the base of the inner angle
of the loculus. Style subulate, incrassated, with 4—5 stigmatic lobes
or teeth. Capsule loculicidally 4-5-valved (the dehiscence, howevels
not constantly along the dorsal suture of the carpel.) Seeds mostly soli-
tary, with a crustaceous testa, and copious horny albumen. Radicle of
the straight, axile embryo near the hilum, linear-clavate, longer than
the linear-elliptical, plano-convex, face-to-face cotyledons. Pl. 1. ¢.

_ _ Evergreen shrubs, with naked buds. Leaves alternate or sub-opposite, unequally

pinnate ; the petiole often wi or margined between the leaflets. Stipules two
often concrete in one intra- stipule, sometimes lateral and free. Racemes

Tribe I. Ev-Meuianrurs, Planch,

Flowers resupinate. Calyx large, conspicuously irregular, the seg-
‘ts separate. Petals shorter than the calyx, evidently perigynous,
e claws of the four uppermost (i.e., the two posterior and two lateral)
went, and cohwring by means of their woolly covering, but not
eted. Filaments of the two (strictly lateral, but seemingly

is, together with the rudiment of the abortive or ob-
n conerete at base. Ovary 4-celled, the cells

Melianthus.] MELIANTHEZ (Sond). 367

teeth minute. Capsule papery or leathery, mostly 4-winged ; the car-
pels 2-1 seeded. Seeds exarillate. Racemes bracteate. Flowers nod-
ding. Odour of the bruised foliage foetid.

I. MELIANTHUS. Tournef.

Calyx laterally compressed, with or without a saccate gibbosity at
base, and furnished within with a nectariferous gland. Petals 5, the
anterior one abortive. Stamens 4, didynamous. £ndi. ee 6043.
(Melianthus and Diplerisma, Pl.)

Large, shrubby or suffruticose, disagreeably scented plants, takiven of South
Africa and Nepaul. Leaves alternate, stipulate, imparipinnate ; leaflets unequal
sided, toothed. Flowers in axillary or terminal racemes, sécreting honey in abun-
dance, whence the generic name, from peat, honey, and av9os, a steide

* Stipules concrete into one large, intra-axillary piece, nttuchad tothe lower part
of the petiole. Calyx gibbous at base. Capsule papery, four-lobed at the apex.
( Melianthus, Pl, 1. ¢.)

1. M. major (Linn. Sp. p. 892) ; glaucous, glabrous ; the raceme
sometimes downy ; leaves coarsely serrate. Zhunb. Fl. Cap. p. 489.
Lam, Ill. t. 552. ‘DC. Prod. 1. p. 708. Bot. Reg. t. 45. Juss. Mem.
Mus. xii. p. 28. n. 48. icon. E.d& Z.! 775. Planch. lc. p. 416. t. aa.
Jig. 4-13. Pappe, Fl. Cap. Med. Prod. p. 6.

Has. Generally, throughout the Colony. Aug.-Dec. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.).

Stem shrubby, flexuous, glabrous, several feet long, with a widely-creeping root.
Leaves a foot long or longer, the upper cauline ones smaller. Stipules acuminate
from a cordate base, several inches long. Petioles naked at base, with cuneate wings
between the leafiets. Leaflets 9-15, aie underneath, many veined, 3-4 inches long,
two inches wide, acutely and often doubly serrate, the teeth pointed. Racemes
simple, densely flowered, a foot or more in length, glabrous or pubescent. Bracts
ovate, acuminate, equalling the flower-stalks, shorter than the fruit-stalks. Flowers
brown-red, inch long. Upper calyx-segments at base into a very short,
_ obtuse calcar, rarel se Kare 2, and havi instead a very wide. Smet », and little.

fale th the persistent ely calyx, deepl: pedir dves
Se as Aria
lobes opening y thei inereatures.” Seodetwo in each cll, black and shining

** Sti; , subulate, lateral, Calyz not seorsiovpety diane at base.
Capt ctv a each end sears te aloe (Diplerisma Pl. tc: 416.)

2. M. comosus Vahl, Symb. iii. p. 86) ; leaflets lanceolate, serrate,
villoso-pubescent a with stellate hairs, at length glabrate, albo-to-
mentose underneath; stipules lanceolate-subulate; racemes nodding,
the flowers alternate ; bracts cordate-acuminate ; upper calyx-segment
lanceolate, acuminate ; ; petals oblong or spathulate, acute ; capsule mem-
branous, canescent, oval, four-winged. Comme. rar. t. 4. M. minor,
Houtt. Linn. PA. Syst. iv. p. 108, Bot. Mag. t. 301. Thunb. Cap. p.
489. E. & Z,1 777. Diplerisma comosum, Pl. 1. ¢. p. 416. Tab. —_

16-19. D. minor, Pl. Jig. 20. (fruit).
_ Has. Near Langvallei and the Karroo below Bokkeveld and elsewhere. ae
berg. Banks of the Camtour’s River, Uit. ; in the Karroo, at Gauritz aes
ee EB. & Z. Z ‘mountain near Graaf Reynet, ,

368 MELIANTHE (Sond.) [Melianthus.

Drege! 7176., and on Los Tafelberg, 6-zoo0f. Drege/ 7177! Zuureberg, Burke. —
Oct.-Dec. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.). ee
A shrub with round, alternate, greyish-white branches ; branchlets canescent or
villous. Leaves 4-6 inches long. Stipules six lines long, semi-cordate at base.
Petiole winged between the leaflets. Leaflets 13-21 inches long, 6-8 lines wide.
Racemes frequent between the leaves on the branches, the uppermost sometimes
axillary, three inches long. Flowers green at base, the sepals and petals oraige-
yellow within, the larger marked externally with a red spot. Bracts wide, canes-
cent or villous, 6-8 lines long, longer than the flower-stalks, equalling the fruit-
stalks. Calyx canescent, the two lower segments ovate-acuminate, eight lines long,

the calyx, connate at the claws, the lamina oblong or spathulate-lanceolate. Longer
stamens equalling the calyx. Capsule one inch long, downy-canescent, netted, sub-
emarginate at base and apex, with compressed valves, four-winged. Style subulate,
in the notch. Seeds mostly 2, sub-globose, black, shining. Embryo in fleshy or
horny albumen. In a few specimens I have seen a fifth petal placed between the
lower lobe of the calyx, very slender, clawed, with a lamina one line long, taper
ing into a three-line-long claw.

3, M. minor (L. sp. p. 892, excl. syn. Com.); leaflets lanceolate, ser-
rate, glabrous above, albo-tomentose underneath ; stipules lanceolate-
subulate; racemes erect ; flowers approaching in whorls ; bracts lanceo-
late-subulate-attenuate ; upper calyx segment cuspidate-acuminate ; pe
tals lanceolate-linear ; capsule toughish-membranous (like parchment),
whitish-tomentose, sab-globose, 4-angled. Vahl, symb. wii. p. 85. Thunb.
Fl. Cap. p. 489. HE. & Z.! 776. Diplerisma minus, Pl. 1. ¢. p. 416, tab.
xx. fig. 14-15 (excl. fr.).

Has. Sands at Saldanha Bay, at Kange River, Thunberg, B. & Z.! Stony hills

at Ebenezer and in Langvalei, below tooof. Drege? Nov.-Jul. (Herb. Lehm.,

Sond. ).

A 2a very similar to the preceding. Branchlets and inflorescence rather can:
escent. Leaves 5-6 inches long. Stipules narrow, four lines long. Petiole wm
between the leaflets. Leaflets 14-2 inches long, 6-10 lines wide. Racemes 6-52
inches long, sub-terminal. Flowers dull red. Peduncles } inch long, bracts 8
lines. Lower calyx-segments 8 lines long, 2 lines wide at base ; upper _6 lines
long, linear, abruptly taper-pointed from the middle (3 toothed, the middle tooth
longest) ; lateral segments lanceolate-subulate. Petals 4, longer than the calyx,
8 lines long, 1 line wide, clawed, the claws downy, connate, lamina glabrous ; the
outer above the base, on each side furnished with a linear tooth. Disc horse-shoe-
shaped. Longer stamens equalling the calyx. Capsule 8 lines long, loculicidally
four-valved, the valves not compressed, with a dorsal longitudinal furrow. Con-
founded by all the older authors and by Linnzus with the preceding, but well dis

tinguished by Vahl, on account of the inflorescence and bracts. The capsule, hi-
therto undescribed, is more rigid, acutely angular, but in no respect winged. —

4. M. Dregeana (Sond.); leaflets lanceolate, serrated, villous-downy
_ above, with stellate hairs, albo-tomentose underneath ; stipules lanceolate,
__ Subulate-acuminate, half-cordate at base; racemes nodding, flowers al-
ee tiie sy bracts cordate-acuminate ; upper calyx-segment lanceolate,
= inate; petals... . ..; capsule coriaceous-sub-lignescent, tomen-
ssed- obtusely four-angled,
ssy places between Kachu, Geelhoutrivier and Zandplaat, 1000-20008.
oP ss tee es
ss pean + W. wi | branchlets -
Sarin ihe upper leaves and in pe a ol Leaves
tM. the petiole winged between the leaflets, which are quite
» the fruit-bearing a little thickened at top. Calyx —

ee

the upper segment lanceolate, 1 inch long, lateral linear. Petals 4, equalling

Natalia.| MELIANTHE (Sond.) 369

as in M. comosa, the upper t 6 lines long, the lower wide, lateral narrow.
Rudiments only of the petals have been o . Ovary tomentose, depressed at
each end, obtusely —. Style subulate. Fruit remarkable in the ge-
nus. Capsule 4 lines long, loculicidal beyond the middle and to the very base 4-
valved, the valves inflexed at the point, when hard, sub-ligneous, septiferous in
the middle, turgid, but longitudinally im at back. Seeds two in each cell,
rarely solitary, exarillate, sub-globose, black, smooth and shining. Embryo straight,
in the midst of horny albumen.—A remarkable species, approaching Bersama and
Natalia in the nature of its capsule.

Tribe II. Bersamex. Pl. 1 c. p. 416.

Flowers not resupinate. Calyx neither large nor conspicuously irre-
gular, the two anterior sepals more or less concreted together. Petals
5, longer than the calyx, the anterior narrower than the rest, all free
and equidistant. Stamens 4-5. Ovary 4-5-celled; cells r-ovuled ;
ovules axile, ascending from the base of the cell, Stigmatic-lobes
4-5, thick, approaching in a cone. Capsule coriaceous, loculicidally
splitting into 4—5 septiferous valves. Seeds with a cup-shaped, fleshy
adnate arillus, Bracts minute. Flowers spreading or nodding.

II. NATALIA, Hochst.

Calyx with its two anterior segments connate in one bidentate lobe,
four-parted, unequal. Petals 5, oblong, clawed. Gland fleshy, half-
moon-shaped. Stamens four, hypogynous, two anterior dilated at base
and connate, the posterior free. Ovary bluntly four-angled, four-celled.
Style ascending ; stigma pyramidal. Capsule coriaceous, sub-globose,
loculicidally 4-valved. Hochst. in Flora, 1841, p. 663. Pl. in Hook.
Ic. t. 780. Endl. Gen. suppl. 4. p. 80.

Shrubs, or small trees, with alternate, imparipinnate leaves ; the leaflets in two
or many pair, very entire or serrulate. Stipules intra-axillary, connate in one.
Flowers racemose, the pedicels subtended at base by a minute bract.

2M Icons (Hochst. Le) 5 Rhagams tidus, E.Mey! in Hb.

Has. Woods at Port Natal, Drege, Krauss, T. Williamson, Gueinzius. Mar.-
Apr. (Herb. Sond., Hook., T.C.D.). 2

A shrub, 8-10 feet high, with glabrous branches. Leaves petiolate. Leaflets in
two pairs, with an odd one, minutely petiolulate, obovate, obtuse, mucronulate or

retuse, quite entire, shining, su the smaller 14-2 inches

long, an inch wide, the 3 inches 13-1} wide. Racemes inches

long, minutely downy. Pedicels 3 . Calyx 1} lines long. Petals

white, Gowsy 9° ae oe oe Capsule 4 inch long ; valves wi A
dle, corruga’

ORDER XXXVII. RUTACEZ, DC.
: | (By W. Sonper.) neg
Juss, Gen. 296, ex pte. Rutacew, DC. Prod. 1. ‘p70
- Endl. Gen. cclii. Lindl. Veg. King, No. elxxvi. Diese
- Flinder’s Voy., Endl. Gen. No. ccli. - oy
; 24

0-1

TL. Enchaetis— Disc adnate with the calyx. Petals oblong, attenuated at base

i ments none.
'~' IV. Coleonema.— Petals longitudinally channelled. Filaments 10; § fertile ; 5

370 RUTACEZ (Sond.)

Sub-Order, DIOSMEZ.

Flowers perfect and regular (very rarely unisexual and irregular).
Calyx 4—5-cleft or parted, its segments imbricate in ezstivation. Petals .
4-5, (rarely wanting), separate, or united by the edges below, twisted-
convolute or rarely valvate in estivation, inserted under a hypogynous
disc. Dise saucer-shaped or urceolate, free, or attached to the calyx,
sometimes obsolete. Stamens hypogynous, as many or twice as many
as the petals; in the latter case those opposite the petals are sterile, ot
at least. feebler than the rest; anthers introrse, 2-celled, often tipped
with a gland, Ovary of 3-5 carpels, sessile or stipitate, syncarpous oF
apocarpous ; ovules 2, rarely 4 in each carpel, collateral or obliquely oe
superposed ; styles united, at least above ; stigma simple or capitate.
Fruit of 1-5 capsules or cocci, distinct or united at base, often horned
below the apex, mostly one-seeded ; the dry walls of the pericarp se
parating at maturity into an outer and innershell. Seeds with
coats, usually exalbuminous ; radicle superior.

Shrubs or small trees, rarely herbaceous. Leaves 0 ite or alternate, CO-
riaceous, simple or persed almost always ligald giant aotied beneath, entire
or serrulate, balsam-scented. Stipulesnone. Inflorescence various. A large tribe
very abundant in S, Africa, but having its centre in Australia, where the generic
types are much more diversified. A few outlying genera occur in 8. America, and
one (Dictamnus) in 8. Europe. All are remarkable for a strong, often offensive
odour and for their bitterness, These properties reside in an essential oil, contained
in the transparent, glandular dots, which, in greater or less abundance, are 8P)
over the leaves, calyx, petals and seed-vessels. Several of the Cape species pass
currently under the name “ Buku” ; but Barosma crenulata is considered to possess
the medical visbuss of the tibe in a stronger degree than others. See Pappts

. Med. p. 7, 8. |

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

I. Pruitt syncarpous. F
I, Calodendron.—Calys deciduous, Flowers perfect, with 5 petals and sepals.

IL. Fruit apocarpous.
A. Flowers complete, (rarely polygamous ), 5-parted.
§ Style short. Stigma capitate.

: and transversely bearded. Sterile filaments none. ol
III. Diosma.—Disc free above, g-lobed. Petals naked, sessile. Sterile fila

tp: sterile naked, infolded in the channel of the petals.

. Acmadenia.— Petals clawed, the claws bearded within (rarely naked) ‘Pie
2 ments § or 10 ; § sterile on the margin of disc, filiform,
ee or short. Anthers with a sessile, erect gland.

Adenandra.— Petals naked, with very short claws. Filaments 10, shorter
than the calyx ; the’s sterile filiform, tipped with a gland.

_ _ Anthers with a stalked, finally reflexed
$$ Style as long as the petals. Stigma simple (not eapitate ). 4
Jalyx segments equal, Petals sub-sessile. Inflorescence axill a

: —_

Euchaetis.] RUTACEZ (Sond.) 371

, 9-100 - wat, Agathosma.—Calyx segments unequal. Petals with long claws, rarely

sub-sessile. Jnjl. terminal. Leaves alternate.
slr ee se ansan ei after flowering, slender at the base.

1 Sey oe ‘casei cas sia over Gide ovary, perforated by the style.
B. Flowers incomplete, monoecious, 4-parted.

MAN 4 X. Empleorum.—Petals none.

I. CALODENDRON, Thunb.

Calyx short, 5-parted, deciduous. . Petals 5, much longer than the
calyx, oblongo-lanceolate. Stamens 10, inserted under a short, tubular
dise, 5 fertile; 5 alternate sterile and petaloid. Capsule shortly stipi-
tate, rough, 5-angled, 5-celled, septicidally 5-valved ; seeds two in each
cell. Endl. Gen. No, 6014. DC. Prod. t. p. 712.

Only one species known. The name is derived from kaAos, beautiful, and devdpor,
@ tree,

1. C. capense (Thunb Nov. Gen. P. 2, p. 41, 42, 43); Prod. p. 44. Fl.
Cap. p. 197. Jus. Mem. Mus. xii. 469. t.19.f. 15. Pallasia capensis, Houtt.
Dictamnus capensis, Lin. f. Suppl. p. 232.

Has. Woods in the Eastern districts and Caffirland, extending to Port Natal,
rg E & Z. Mr. H. Hutton, &e. Nov.-Jan. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook, Sond. &c.)

A large and handsome tree, the ‘“‘ Wilde Kastanien” of the colonists. Branches
and branchlets opposite or in threes, divaricate, terete. Leaves decussate, petiolate,
ovate, obtuse, retuse or acute, with parallel nerves, pellucid-dotted, evergreen,
green above, paler underneath, 4-5 inches long. Petioles thick and short, a line
long. Flowers in terminal panicles ; the peduncles mostly trichotomous. Petals
white, linear-oblong, reflexed, 14 inch long, 2 lines wide, stellato-pubescent exter-
nally, sprinkled with purplish glands. Ovary pedunculate. Valves of the a ig
ae ee 14 inch long ; seeds larger than a hazel nut, black and ee E

ae | EUCHAETIS 5 a Wa

L B. glomerata (B. & W.. ges 29); stom and branghes eet,
ther patent, glabrous ; leaves erect-a apie mer pera peng keeled,
tipped with an incurved muero, wi in;
bracts ovate, sub-lanceolate, shorter nace the aes te ; a al lanceo-
ae tae longer than the calyx, bearded, ciliate to the base, the ex- __
half oblongo-lanceolate, naked. Cree glomer ia, 2. F, W. » Mey.

mss. Euchaetis alietina, E. dd Z/ 821. oe

Has. Cape, Hesse. Cederberg Mts., Clanw., ia (ate Bart,

372 RUTACEH (Sond.) [Buchaetis

1-2 feet high, leafy, with reddish branches and yellowish twigs. Leaves 2-3
times faring sie = internodes, sub-imbricate, sub-sessile, obtuse at base, lanceo-
late-attenuate upwards, sub-cartilaginous and acute at the point, concave, below
with a double row of black dots along the keel, green at both sides, 4 lines long,
line wide. Heads terminal, or by innovation, spuriously lateral, smaller than
hazel nut. Calyx glabrous, pale, its lobes keeled, 1 line long. Disc almost
attached to the calyx, the margin §-crenate. Petals white, rather longer than the
calyx, white-bearded on the throat. Capsule glabrous, 3} lines long ; the round-
backed carpels rugulose, tricarinate at point, their horns divergent, half as long
as the carpel.

2. E. elata (E. and Z.! 819) ; stem and branches erect, glabrous;
leaves erecto-patent, lanceolate-linear, convexo-carinate, inflexed, obtusely-
mucronate, the hyaline margin ciliolate ; bracts lanceolate, half the length
of the calyx ; calyx-lobes lanceolate ; petals oblongo-lanceolate, ie
than the calyx, bearded on the face, ciliate to the base, the sub-exserted
portion acuminate, naked. —

Var. £. hirsuta ; branches, leaves, bracts and calyces hairy. j

Has. Mountain sides, Hott. Holland, Stellenb., EZ. é Z./ June. (Herb. Lehm,
Hook., Sond.) ere:

Habit of the preceding. Lower leaves sub-remote, upper closer, bine
4 lines long, 4 line wide. Calyx 2 lines long. Petals scarcely narrowed at mt
Style very short. Capsule shining, 2 lines long, the carpels scarcely beaked.
differs from the preceding by the twice narrower leaves, scarcely ciliate at margim,
obsoletely dotted at the keel underneath ; the heads rather laxer ; bracts twice nat
rower, and smaller, more shortly rostrate capsules. eek

__ 8. E linearis (Sond.) ; stem and branches straightly erect, glabrous re
leaves appressed, narrow-linear, acute, convexo-carinate, the bya

margin serrulate ; bracts lanceolate, longer than the calyx ; calyx-lo e

lanceolate, subulate-attenuate ; petals lanceolate, narrowed at base, trans-—

versely bearded in the throat, bordered with long cilia below, the ex

serted half acuminate, naked. , glomerata. E. § Z. { 820, non B&W.
Has. In grassy places at the Zwarteberg, near Caledon Bath, £.g¢ Z./ Dreyer

7116. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.) e ce
A slender shrub, 1 foot high. Leaves crowded, but not imbricate, quite appresseds

the lower 5-6 lines long, upper 3-4 lines, 1} line broad, concave above, with

rows of dots beneath. Heads terminal, 8-12-flowered, the outer shortly pedicellate,

ualling the leaves. Bracts green. Calyx pale rosy, 2 lines long, the lobes ciliate,

at the tip. Throat of the petals densely bearded, the exserted half inven

stamens half as long as the petals. is differs from Z. glomerata in

and narrower leaves, and the subulate-acuminate calyx.

ore 4 E. flexilis (E. & Z.! 822); stem and branches erecto-patulous,
glabrous ; leaves quadriferiously imbricate, erect, lanceolate-oblong, COD-

Cap. p.224. B.& W.! p.25. E.& Z.! 839. D, decussata, Lam.! en-
it 2. p. 284. D. rigidulum, Willd.! D. oppositifolia, R. & Sch. V. P45 :

Diosma.] RUTACEE (Sond.) 373

5. E. dubia (Sond.); glabrous, 2-3-chotomous, the branches virgate,
erecto-patulous ; leaves close, erect, strongly appressed, oblong or ob-
longo-lanceolate, sub-acute, concave above, convex beneath; flowers
sessile, capitato-glomerate ; bracts obtuse, half as long as the ovate,
obtuse calyx-lobes ; petals longer than the calyx, obovate, apiculate,
narrowed at base, bearded, the exserted part obtuse, apiculate.

Var. 8. Dregeana ; lower leaves opposite, those of the upper branch-

lets alternate, evidently dotted at back ; petals rather narrower.

Var. y. pauciflora ; flowers solitary or in pairs.

Has. Lang valley, Zey./291. 8. in the Cape Flats, Drege/ +. Ratelklip, alt.
2. June. Zey.! 292. (Herb. Sond., Holm.

ee 3 IIl. DIOSMA, L.
Calyx 5-parted. Hypogynous-dise free at the margin, sub-campanu-

keeled, somewhat 3-sided, piagdier- siete, ciliate ; flowers 3 or more,
o) i

sub-corymbose, the calyx-lobes ovate, acute, ciliate, ae
_ Var. a. Bergiana; all the leaves oblong, triquetrous, sub-obtuse or 4
the lower longer, lanceolate, acute. D. swcculenta, Berg. l.c. Thunb. |

‘Var. 8. Lamarckiana ; leaves linear, complicate, peers

374 RUTACE (Sond.) [ Diosma.

upper shorter, oblong. D, seabra, Lam. l.c. 283. B. & W.! 1. ep. 29.

E. & Z.! 838. D. succulenta, Wendl. coll. 1. p.2.t. t. Willd. En. p. 258.

R.& Sch. p. 456. D. oppositifolia, BE. & Z.! 837, ex. pte. a

Has. Common in the Cape Flats and throughout the Western Districts. Nov.- —

Apl. (Hb. Berg., Thunb., Lam., Sond., T.C.D., &c.) a a
| 1-2 feet high, erect, more or less branching, Leaves very rarely and in the up- —
permost branches only, alternate, erecto-patent, minutely petiolate, dull green, sca-
| brid, sometimes smoothish, deeply channelled above, 2—4 lines long in a., in A. the
lower 8-12 lines, the upper 2-4 lines long. ‘Peduncles shorter than the calyx, gla-
brous, bibracteolate. Calyx 1 line long. Petals about twice as long as the calyx,
elliptical, white or reddish. Ripe capsule 4-5 lines long; the 4-5 carpels sub-
compressed, glabrous, obtusely and shortly horned. D. succulenta 8, and y. of BE.
& Z.! are starved specimens, with small leaves.

2. D. cupressina (L. Mant. p. 50& 343); much-branched, the branch- —
lets glabrous or minutely downy ; leaves sessile, opposite, erect, guadri-
fariously imbricate, oblongo-lanceolate, or the upper ovate, convero-cart-
nate, acute, glabrous, minutely ciliate ; flowers terminal, sub-solitary,
sessile ; calyx-lobes Zanceolate ; petals oblong, acuminate. Thwnb. Fl. _
Cap. p.225. Wendl. coll. t1.p.59.t.61. B&W! p.50. E.GS.0
853. Brunia uniflora, Lin. Hort. Clif. p. 71. D. dichotoma, Berg. !
Cap. p. 63. 3

Has. Cape Flats and Hott. Holland, Thunberg, E. & Z./ Klipfontein, Zey.! 299-
Noy.-Apl. (Herb. Wendl., Lehm., T.C.D., Mart., Sond.) ist

_ Erect, « foot or more high. Branches ternate or quaternate, slender, di-tri-cho-
He tomous, the ultimate short. Younger leaves close, adult sub-remote, with the apex
{ ema or sub-recurved, underneath bifariously multiglandular, 1-2 lines long.
lowers solitary or 2-3-4. Calyx 1 line long, its lobes ciliolate. Petals at wie
sub-involute, twice as long as the calyx. Fil. glabrous. D. cupressina of Herb.
Lam. is a Berzelia /

inanimate aint

2. Leaves alternate ; occasionally some ave opposite. (Sp. 3-11).
(a). Leaves narrow, very acute or mucronate. (Sp. 3-6.)

3. D. vulgaris (Schl. Linn. 6. p. 201); branchlets minutely pubes-
cent; leaves scattered, rarely opposite, linear, convexo-carinate, subulate- =
acuminate, serrulato-scabrous or ciliate at the margin ; flowers sub-
corymbose ; calyx-lobes sub-obtuse, acute or acuminate, with mem-
branous, ciliate margins ; petals obtuse or sub-acute. aie
- Var. a. ; leaves opposite or alternate ; calyx acuminate; petals sub-—

I. p. 1134, ewel. syn. Bot. Reg. t. 563. B-
; ag fo Sea ys D.ericoides, BE. &

Diosma. | RUTACEZ (Sond.) 375

Var. 6. longifolia ; branches virgate, often flaccid; leaves mostly
longer, narrow, erect or patulous, glabrous; the upper " mostly ciliate ;
flowers white ; capsules mostly shortly horned. Leaves erect, rigid,
D. ericoides, Sime, Bot. Mag. 2332. D. Simsii and D. longifolia, B.¢Z!
ex pte., 847, 846. D. hirsuta, E.§ Z.! 843. D. glabrata. E. Mey!
Leaves spreading, flaccid, D. pectinata, Thunb, / Cap. 222. D. longifolia,
Wendl.! Coll. 1. p.61,t. 19. B. & W.l. c. p.43. D. rubra, Lam. excl.
syn. D. tenuifolia, Willd.? R. & Sch.! 454. D. rubra and ericoides,
E.§ Z! ex pte.

Var. ¢. hirsuta ; villous, at length sub-glabrous. D. hirsuta, Linn.
Sp. 286. Thunb.! Cap. p. 222. Willd. ! Sp.1.p.1134. Bog W. p. 38.

Has. In ston und and on hills throughout the Colony, common, flowering
hg throughout the eae (Herb. Thunb., Lam., Sond., T.C.D., in
aw dun'Suaeh 1-2 or more feet high, erect, much-branched. "Leaves eg inch long, oe
Ghol- al Waal bifariously punctate underneath, with a very narrow, diaphanous rigs Oe Cal.-

lobes }—14 line long. Petals about twice as long as the calyx, elliptical, white, or red
on the outside, Capsule 3-4 lines long, the carpels compressed, punctate at back,
with shorter or longer, straight or hooked, obtuse horns.

4, D. aspalathoides (Lam.! 1. c. p. 286); branchlets minutely
downy ; leaves alternate, erect, sub-appressed, linear or oblong-linear,
carinato-trigonous, glabrous, with a recurved mucro, serrulato-scabrous
at the margin ; flowers sub-corymbose, the peduncles: and calyx quite
glabrous ; petals obtuse. R. & Sch. lc. p. 455. D. ericoides, Lam.! 1.
c.p. 285. D. glabrata, Meyer. B. & W.1.c. p. 34. E. & Z. 850. E.
Mey.! Hb. Drege. D.amligua, EB. § Z.! 844. D. acmeophylla, E. & Z.!
849. D. depressa, B. § Z.! 85r.

Var. £.; leaves longer. D., linearis, E. § Z.! 845, non Thunb. and D.
longifolia, E & Z.1 846, ex pte.

Has. Cape Flats, and man: Lin ee ee 8. near Tulbagh.

(Herb, C.D., Sond.)
“ea inchos io 1 fot high, ig eaves 3-4 lines, in . 4-6 tines Tong, the muro
‘ vg - deficient in the lower spot larger
striate at the sides, 4 lines long, with
Known from the last y its dwarfer habit, shorter and erect

5. D. S tanee. (Sond.) ; ; much-branched, nantes ad branchlets
ene labrous ; leaves alternate, Birch linear, dabrow, tipped wih

: Has. hills near Zonderende R., Swell., Ecklon. Herb. Sond.)

Recs feck high, oak any Shasiie boson. Trek so izontally
an patent, 4-8 lines long, 4 line wide, with one or two tows of Ee ae
_ slender mucro. Flowers 2-3, on minute pedicels. Calyx-lobes

>

6. D. virgata (G. F. W. Mey. ap. B. & W.! p. 46); branches
branchlets erect, slender, quite glabrous; leaves arantas 2
— linear, mucronate, convex beneath, with a narrow di

| Siang te Jom, globe, ott ‘bane horus sf ies long. rege pean Unsipe ee

A Pe

376 RUTACEEX (Sond.) [Diosma.

serrulato-scabrid or ciliolate margin; flowers sub-glomerate or sub-_
sessile ; calyx acute, ciliolate ; petals acute. H. & Z./ 848.

Has. Cape, Hesse/ Mountains near Brackfontein, Clanw., 2.4 Z. Langevalei,
Pappe. Jul. (Hb, Wendl., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

} Very slender, a foot or more high, with filiform, pale or reddish branches. Leaves
crowded, the upper sub-imbricate, narrow, glabrous, obtusely channelled above, bi-
| fariously dotted below, 3-6 lines long, minutely petiolate. Flowers 2-3 or more,
shortly pedicellate at the end of the branchlets : the bracts keeled, ciliate, scarcely
aline long. Calyx a line long, with keeled segments. Petals twice as long, obo-
vate-elliptical, narrowed at base, sub-carinate, acute, white. Stamens about equal-
ling the calyx. Unripe capsule 3 lines long, glabrous, with filiform, obtuse, i-
curved horns. Habit nearly that of a Passerina.

(b.) Leaves shorter, obtuse. (Sp. 7-11).

7. D. ramosissima (B. & W.! 1.c. p. 48, excl. syn. Lam.) ; branchlets —
downy; leaves alternate, sessile, straight, imbricate, linear, 3-angled,
very obtuse, convexo-carinate, glabrous ; flowers terminal, sub-solitary,
sessile ; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse ; petals obtuse. Pluk. Almag. 136,

t. 279. f. 2.

Has. Cape, Hesse / (Herb. Wendl.)

A foot or more in height, much-branched ; branches mostly ternate or quater-
nate, filiform, glabrous, the ultimate branchlets shortened, sub-umbellate, fastigiate.
Leaves rather remote on the branches, crowded on the twigs, erect-appressed, flat
and furrowed above, obtusely keeled, bifariously dotted, glabrous or (under a mag-
nifying power) minutely scaberulous, 1-2 lines long. Flowers solitary or twin, mr

f nute. Cal. lobes 3 line long. Petals white or reddish, elliptical, a line long. Pies
Hes = glabrous. Capsule 4-5 lines long, the carpels with thick, obtuse horns. D. ramo-
i sissima does not exist in Herb. E. & Z. ; the habitat given in their Enumeratio must

therefore be erased.

8. D. teretifolia (Link. enum. p. 237); much-branched, with downy =
twigs ; leaves opposite or alternate, petiolate, crowded, spreading, terete,
obtuse, pubescent, hispidulous, narrow-furrowed above ; flowers terml- —
nal, solitary, or few together, sessile; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse ; petals: :
te obovate, obtuse, narrowed at base. B. § W.l.c. p. 206. D. ferulacea,
ee Hort. Kew. Agathosma ? teretifolia, Don. .

Var. 8. glabrata ; twigs and leaves glabrous or nearly so. Acmade
nia obtusata, EL. & Z.! 827, excl. syn.

‘ Has. In the Interior, Niven. Dutoit’s Kloof, 2-3000f. Drege! B. Winterhoeks-
berg near Tulbagh, Worcester, £, § Z.! Sep.-Jan. (Herb. Sond.) pee
A foot or more high, with leafless branches, and di-tri-chotomous, terete twigs
the ultimate short and leafy. Leaves densely set, 4-6-farious, shortly petiolate, —
: with involute margins, callous-tipped and very obtuse, sparingly glandulous below, _
2-3 lines long, 4 line wide. Flowers solitary, or 2-4, cb Disc free, lobed.
ee Calyx covered by the upper leaves, downy, nearly 2 lines long, white-edged. Petals —
‘White, 3 lines long, narrowed into a very short claw. Stamens included, § fertile —
_ filaments subulate, glabrous ; anthers with a minute sessile gland ; the place of the ==
filaments occupied by small sessile glands, Style glabrous ; stigma capitel-

. D. ericoides (L. Sp. p. 287); much-branched, the branches and

te, crowded, recurvo-patent, oblong, —
flowers terminal, 2~3 together, very _
vate, obtuse, ciliolate ; petals elliptic-

lobes 07

Coleoneme. | RUTACE (Sond.) Sr

oblong, obtuse. Berg. / Cap. p.65. Thunb. / prodr. p. 43. Fl. Cap. p.
223. Bd W.! 1c. p.36. D.recurva, Cham. & Schl. ! Linn. 5. p. 51.

D. thyrsophora, E § Z.! 840.

Has, Cape, Thunberg. Cango, Mundt § Maire. Heathy mountain-sides near
Riv. Zonderende, Swell., Z. ¢ Z./ Feb.-Mar. (Herb. Thunb., Berl., Lehm., Sond.)

1-2 feet high, sub-dichotomous below, branches erect, leafy, twigs short, mostly
crowded. Leaves erect, appressed at base, recurved at point, the upper sub-imbri-
cate, keeled, somewhat 3-angled, concave and nerveless above, bifariously dotted
below, 2-2} lines long, $-1 line wide, thickish, with entire margins. Peduncles 2-3,
rarely 4-9, in a crowded cyme. Calyx turbinate, 14 lines long, calyx-lobes broadly
ovate, sub-acute. Petals sub-concave, elliptic-oblong, or obovate, narrowed into a
short claw, twice as long as the calyx, reddish, often with a few hairs on the disc,
and very short marginal cilia. Dise free, 5-lobed.

10. D. obtusifolia (Sond.); much-branched, branches glabrous, twigs
erecto-patent, downy ; leaves sessile, either opposite, ternate or alter-
nate, imbricate, appressed at base, recurved at apex, the lower oblong-
lanceolate, upper ovate-obtuse, furrowed above, keeled below, the margin
and keel rigidly ciliolate ; flowers terminal, solitary, sessile ; calyx-lobes
broadly ovate, obtuse, keeled, ciliate ; petals ovate, obtuse.

Has. 8. Africa, Drege, 7114. (Herb. Sond.)

A shrub, with the habit of the preceding. Branches terete ; ultimate twigs 3-1
inch long. Leaves smooth above, with 2-4 rows of glands beneath, the lower more
distant, 2-3 lines long, a line wide, upper a line long. Cal. 1 line long. Petals 2
lines, with a minute claw, reddish. Unripe capsule 2 lines long, with obtuse horns
equally long.—Allied to D. ericoides and D, cupressina ; from the first it differs by
the downy twigs, more appressed leaves, the upper shorter, ovate, sub-trigonous,
and ciliate at back and margin ; from the latter by the thicker, blunt- backed, ciliate
leaves, the calyx and petals. From D. ramosissima it differs s by the differently shaped
leaves and capsule.

11. D. passerinoides (Steud. ! Flora, 1830, p. 549); much-branched,
the branches patent ; twigs, leaves, calyx, and ten minutely velvetty ;
leaves alternate, sessile, erect, quadrifarious, gob ovate 5 ae =
tals elliptical, obtuse, or apiculate. — as

pre! Avg. (ier Son re: Sega) pat ly, 40008,

-cleft to the middle, the segments =
the lobes oqualliig We ores Petals reddish, maser

hairy. Style about as long as the Capsule 4Tnes long, the bak of
the carpels , Seecto-patent, 1 line

Diosma squalida, E. Mey ! in Hb, Droge is « Bruniacen

ee ee

Calyx 5-parted. H; ightly free at the edge. Petals 5,
sae tapering 2 longitudi eer below. Filaments ten ; aes
_ fertile equalling the oopels the sterile filiform, naked, hid in the chan
of the petals. Anthers roundish, with an adnate gland. Style
atigma capitate. Capsule 5-coccous, the cocci sory —_

378 RUTACEH (Sond.) [Coleonema.

outer apical angle, compressed, rough with dots, B. ¢ W.l.c. p. 55+

Juss, l.c. p. 471. Endl. Gen. 6016,

Shrubs, with scattered, linear leaves, Flowers axillary, solitary, the peduncles
caliculate with several appressed bracts. Name from koAecos, a sheath, and vnua, a
filament ; the barren filaments are sheathed by the channelled petals.

A. Flowers white. (Sp. 1-3.) *

1. C. album (B.& W.! 1c. p. 56); much-branched, the twigs very
thinly pubescent ; leaves crowded, sub-erect, linear-lanceolate, or linear,
channelled above, convex-carinate beneath, with a straight, pungent
mucro, the diaphanous margin serrulate ; bracts and calyx-lobes ovate,
obtuse or acute, pubescent-ciliate at the edges ; petals spathulate, round-
ish-obtuse, shortly apiculate. 2. § Z. / 831. D. rubra, Berg. Cap. p. 62.
excl. syn. D. alba, Thunb. Prod. p.84. Fl. Cap. p.221. Willd. ! Sp. Pl.
1134. Hb. Un. It. 239. Adenandra alba, R. & Sch. Drege, No. 7138,
7139.

Has, Common on hills and mountain sides round Capetown, and through the Cape
and Stellenbosch districts. (Herb. Thunb., Sond., T.C.D., &c.) :

One or more feet high, erect, nearly glabrous, the branches erect or gocendings
twigs leafy. Leaves about 6 lines long, } line wide, bi-quadri-fariously pellucid-
dotted beneath. Flowers white, axillary, solitary on very short branchlets, sub-
racemose, rarely crowded at the tips. Bracts 6-8, about a line long, ovato-lanceo-
late, acute, as long as the calyx or longer. Petals more than twice as long a8
the calyx, the claw equalling the calyx, the limb spreading. Sterile filaments sub-
acute, not gland-tipped. Capsule thrice as long as the calyx, the carpels acutely
carinate, rough-dotted, with short, straight or slightly patent horns, } line long.

2. C. aspalathoides (Juss. 1. c. p. 471); much-branched ; twigs very
thinly pubescent ; leaves rather crowded, sub-erect, linear, keeled and
sub-triangular, with a recurved mucro, the diaphanous margin serrulate ;
bracts and calyx-lobes acwminate ; petals oblongo-spathulate, acuminate.

Has. In the Karroo, at Rietkail, Swell., Zey./ 2159. Oct. Interior regions,
Niven. (Herb. Sond.) ye.

6 inches to 3 feethigh. Leaves 3-3} lines long, } line wide. Flowers axillary oF
terminal, as large as in C. albwm, from which this species is known by its more slen-
der branches, smaller and narrower leaves, with recurved points, rather narrower
and more acuminate petals, and smaller capsules, not twice as long as the calyx.

3. C. juniperinum (Sond.); much-branched, branches and twigs
slender, virgate, glabrous ; leaves sub-erect, narrow-linear, with a short,
straight mucro, concave above, convex underneath, the diaphanous mar-
_ gin scarcely scabrid; bracts minute, oblong; calyx-lobes broadly ovate,

apiculate ; petals obovate, obtuse, or sub-apiculate, with very short claws.

: oo ome Jjuniperina, Spreg. Herb. Zey. 397. D. virgata, EB. Mey.! D.

be wee. Steud. Coleonema juniperifolium and C. virginianum, E.& Z.!

“i Var. 8. 3 calyx rather longer.
oes ugh, Worcester, HE. & Z./ Zey./ 2150, ex pte. B. Klyn-
ug.-Dec. (Herb. Lehm., Sond., T.C.D.).

Aemadenia.] RUTACEE (Sond.) 379

and short leaves (3-4 lines ose scarcely } wide) and chiefly by the smaller flowers,
about 1 line long.

B. Flowers red.

4. C. pulchrum (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3340) ; much-branched, branches
virgate, very thinly pubescent; leaves erecto-patent, patent, or recurved,
linear or linear-subulate, with a straight pungent muero, flattish above,
convexo-carinate beneath, the diaphanous margin serrulate ; bracts and
calyx-lobes acuminate, ciliate ; petals spathulate, apiculate, or sub-
acuminate. #.&éZ. / 836. C. album, 8. virgatum, and y. gracile, Schl.
Lin. 6. p. 199. C. virgatum, L. & ZI 832. C. gracile, £.& Z.! 833.
D. calycina, Steud. D. oppositifolia, H. Mey. ! Hb. Drege. D. tenwifo-
ha, Presl. Col. Dregeanum, Presl, l. ¢. Drege, 225%, 7143.

Has. Hills near Bethelsdorp, and in the flats, under the Vanstaadensberg ; at
Cape Recief, Algoa Bay ; and in Swellendam District, E.& Z.1 Drege! Zey.! 2151.
Jul.-Nov. (Herb. Holm. (Sparmann ), Lehm., Sond., TC. D.)

Leaves in some specimens $ inch, in others 4 inch long, } line wide. Bracts
mostly as long as the calyx, subulate, narrowed. Petals clawed, the claw equalling
the stamens. Capsule twice as long as the calyx, the carpels rough-cast at wn
horns short, straight, obtuse.—Mostly taller than C. aldwm, with leaves often lo
and narrower, hte mostly larger, more numerous, racemose, and beautif 7

red, (drying whitish

I-h V. ACMADENIA, B. & W.

Calyx 5-parted. Hypogynous-dise slightly free at the edge. Petals
clawed, the claws bearded within (in A P patioiatali naked). Filaments
either 10 or 5 ; the 5 fertile equalling the claws of the petals, the ste-
rile inserted on the margin of the disc, filiform, short or none, Anthers
ovate or oblong, with an erect, sessile, conical gland. Style shorter than
the filaments ; stigma capitate, faintly 5-furrowed. Capsule 5-coccus, —
the cocei compressed, horned externally at the apex. — Ea A is 2 aaa
59. Juss. p. 473. Endl. Gen. 6019. — :

Leaves imbricate, very , wipreattote, Breets, po Ena
membranous, ciliate, imbricating the Limb of the petals sub-oblique, alter-
nately imbricated. ‘Name, axyn, a point, and any, a gland ; the anthers are tipped

(iy isle ended aden panacea abatacs arias sf
A. Sterile filaments alternating with the fertile. Gp: 110:)

* Leaves linear, three-angled-keeled, imbricating. (Sp. 1-6.) A

1, A. juniperina (B. & W. ! Lc. p.61); lesser branches and twigs _
downy, tay ; leaves opposite, erect, sub-incurved, linear, sub-trigonous,
acute, sub-pungent, eect: bifariously punctate beneath, the pellu-
cid margin scabrid ; flowers solitary, the two ovate, sub-acute bracts half
she. sine size of the cal ealyxlobes limbs of the petals elliptical, acute, laws

; fertile ts 5-6 times longer than the gland-like sterile
ones. oak Dhoni vite, Thunb. Prod. p. 84. Fl.Cap.222. Acmadenia
em tents et muraltioides, E. § Z.! 829, 830. ae

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Sea-side dunes between Cape L’Agulhas and 1

380 RUTACE (Sond.) [Aemadenta.

Swell. ; Zoutendaals Valley, Caledon, and hills between Sondag and Coega Riv
Uit. ; and in Caffraria, Z. § Z./ Drege, 7146. June-Oct, (Herb. Thunb., Wendl,
Hook., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.) : ie
A shrub, 1-2 feet high. Stem glabrous, as thick as a fowl’s quill, with many erect —
or ascending, opposite or alternate branches, 6-12 inches long ; twigs very short.
Leaves sometimes alternate on young shoots, densely imbricated, or sub-remote, the
sides convex or flat, with a hard cartilaginous point, acutely channelled on the upper
side, 3-6 lines long. Flowers sessile, among the uppermost leaves. Bracts I lines
long, membranous, with a green dorsal nerve. Cal.-lobes 2} lines long. Petals
purple, white when dry. Capsule rather longer than the calyx ; carpels smooth,
gland-dotted, transversely striate, with short blunt horns. I¢ varies with the upper”
leaves downy.

2. A. densifolia (Sond.) ; branches and twigs downy; leaves mostly
opposite, densely imbricated, appressed, sub-incurved, linear, trigonous,
acute, somewhat hairy, the sub-pellucid margin and keel ciliated, with 2-4
rows of dots underneath; leaves of the lower branches glabrous;
flowers solitary, the two lanceolate-acuminate bracts and the calya havry
at the apex ; calyx-lobes oblong, keeled, obtusely mucronate, membranous-
ciliate ; petals elliptical, mucronate-acute, ciliate, tapering into along —
bearded claw ; sterile filaments very short.

Has. Woods at Kromriver, ef 7145. May. . Sond. ‘

A shrub, allied to A. Fannie tuk in pas. le ne add placed, hairy
leaves, longer bracts, and larger, evidently ciliate petals, with a longer and thicker
beard on the claw. Leaves 4-7 lines long. Bracts 3 lines. Cal.-lobes about 3 lines,
petals 5 lines long. Capsule twice as long as in A. jumiperina.

8. A. Niveni (Sond.) ; branches and twigs opposite, glabrous, leafy; _
leaves opposite, erect, appressed, linear, 3-angled, acute, glabrous, clave
at the sub-pellucid margin, bifariously dotted beneath ; flowers solitary 5
bracts 4-6, rather large, ovate, obtusely acuminate, membrane-edged, ¢l-
liate ; petals elliptical, acute, glabrous, narrowed into a shortish bearded
claw ; sterile filaments subulate, twice as long as the fertile.

Has. Interior regions, Niven! (Herb. Mart., Sond.) are bes

Near A. juniperina, from which its numerous bracts and sterile filaments distin-
guish it. More than a foot high, with rod-like branches, Leaves 3-5 lines long;
the uppermost strongly ciliate, otherwise as in A. juniperina., Bracts 3 lines long.
Calyx 4 lines long, its lobes with an excurrent green nerve. Petals twice as long
as the calyx, purple.

4. A. psilopetala (Sond.); straight, branched from the base, the

branches alternate or opposite ; leaves sub-imbricate, linear-trigonous, —
acute, sub-pungent, glabrous, glandularly multipunctate beneath, c- —
__ Tiate, afterwards naked ; flowers solitary ; bracts 4-6, ovate, acuminate,
the lower 4, the upper 4as long as the calyx; calyx-lobes oblong-lan-
olate, keeled, sub-trigonous at the point, ciliate; petals elliptical oF

lish, apiculate, tapering into a beardless claw of the length of the
sterile filaments very short. Adenandra trigona, E. § Z.! 792-_

| Paewcea sides near Gauritz R., Swell, B.&Z./ Oct.-May. (Herb.

__ Slender, 2 feet high ; the lateral branches ascending-erect, yellow-purplish. Leaves
6-8 lines acutely channelled above. = ewe Rea a axillary. Pe-

ay bn » with 2 lanceolate bracts below the apex. Calyx 3 lines long-

52) j much-branched,

Acmadenia. | RUTACEE (Sond.) 381

the branches and twigs leafy, downy; leaves alternate, erect, sub-in-
curved, linear, three-cornered, acute, sub-pungent, bifariously punctate
beneath, seabrid ; flowers terminal, about 3 together ; bracts leafy, ci-
liate ; calyx-lobes villoso-ciliate, ovate-acuminate, the ‘leaf. like apex re-
curved ; petals obovate, narrowed into a short-bearded, ciliate claw ; fer-
tile filaments thrice as long as the sterile.

eae Has. Hanglip, Mundt & Maire! Cape District, Ecklon! (Herb. reg. Berol.,
ye

Very like A. juniperina in habit and foliage, but readily known by the constantly
alternate leaves, with concave sides, smaller flowers, narrower hook-pointed calyx-
lobes, and petals with a scarcely bearded claw.

6, A. obtusata (B. & W.! l.c. p. 63.excl. syn. Thunb.) ; apg i
leaves opposite, quadrifariously imbricate, linear-lanceolate, or linear,
with a narrow channel, sub-trigonous, obtuse, ciliate ; flowers solitary ;
the broadly-ovate, sub-acute, bracts and the calyx downy ; ; calyx-lobes
oblong, keeled, ciliate, membrane-edged ; petals sub-orbicular, downy
within, the hairy claw equalling the calyx; ; sterile filaments very short.
Diosma obtusata, Willd. Sp. 1. p. 1134. R. & Sch. Syst. 5. p. 452. Acm.
pungens, E. & Z.! 828, non B. & W.

Has. Clayey hills at Zwellendam, Zeyher! 2160, Dr. Pappe! Hassagaiskloof
TCD. Beal} E.g¢Z.! Speerbosch, Drege! 7144. Aug.Sep. (Herb. reg. Berol.,

Stems many from a thick root, 6-8 inches long, much-branched above. Leaves
on very short petioles, 2~3 lines long, thinly dotted at the back. Flowers nearly as
in A. juniperina, but the bracts and calyces are downy. Filaments glabrous, the
fertile thrice as long as the sterile. Capsule equalling the calyx. It varies with
downy or glabrous leaves.

** Leaves roundish, or elliptic-oblong, complicato-carinate, imbricate. (Sp. 7~9.)

4. Be hee, Sonne & W.! 1. c.p. 65) ; twigs pubescent ; leaves
posite, decussate, ind, complicate, acutely "keeled, su
acute, ciliate, or roughened at margin, the uppermost densely imbricate ;
flowani solitary ; calyx-lobes and floral leaves cuneate, ciliate, dilated
and ear-shaped at top, sub-recurved, apiculate ; petals thrice as long as
the calyx, obovate, apiculate, ciliolate, narrowed into a villous-bearded
claw ; sterile filaments filiform, equalling the fertile. Diosma tetragona,
L. Suppl. p. 155, Thunb. Cap. p. 224. Bucco tetragona, R. § Sch. V. p.
444, Acm. strotulina, E. Mey. ! in Hb. Drege. —
Hesse! Between C: and the P; “pee.”
Pron pile 20 5 ree i Jan. (Herb. Wendl, Lan Man TOD, =

A foot or more high, with or downy branches, ‘and short, crowded branch-
lets. Leaves minutely vaahon: betas ee ere wider.
oo afr mci Bo ne pe

@, A. cuculiate (E. Mey. ! in Hb. Drege) ; sub-dichotomously branch~ =

ed, the twigs thinly downy ; leaves alternate, densely imbricate, elliptt-
cal-obtuse, complicate, with flat sides, very smooth, the hyaline margin
not ciliate ; flowers solitary ; bracts ovate, calyx-lobes — obtus

382 RUTACE (Sond.) [Acmaden

keeled, ciliolate; lamina of the petals roundish, pointed, with a bearded
claw ; sterile filaments very short. ‘
Has. Limestone hills between Cape L’Agulhas and Potberg, Drege! Aug. (H
Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.) :
A foot or more high. Twigs very short. Leaves 4-5-ranked, glabrous, 2 lines
long, acute at back. Flowers rather large, pale rosy or white. Bracts } as long as
the calyx, not keeled, coloured and membranous, a8 well as the calyx, Cal. 3 lines
long ; petals 5-6 lines. Fertile filaments 1 line long ; sterile gland-like. Capsule
as long as the calyx. This has the habit of A. levigata, from which it differs in the
leaves being alternate, membrane-edged and not ciliate, the round-backed sepals, and
the presence of sterile filaments. |

9. A. Mundtiana (E. & Z. !825); di-tri-chotomous, the twigs minutely
pubescent; leaves alternate, densely imbricate, oblong, obtuse, comphi-
cate, sub-incurved, with flat sides, pubescent or glabrous, the hyaline a
margin and the keel ciliate ; flowers solitary ; bracts ovate ; calyx-lobes
obtuse, without keel, ciliolate; the limb of the petals roundish, pointed,
bearded on the claw; sterile filaments very short.

Has. Mountain sides near Swellendam, Mundt. Oct. (Hb. Sond.)

Next the p ing, but with narrower leaves, 4 lines long and 2 lines wide, pu
bescent and ciliate, the adult glabrous with a rough margin ; the stem also is taller
and stronger. Flowers nearly as in A. cucullata, but the petals downy and ciliolate.

*#* Leaves flat, sub-distant, not imbricate. (Sp. 10).

se 10. A. flaccida (E. & Z.! 823); quite glabrous, di-taa-choiqmeyts :
branches terete, twigs compressed; leaves sub-remote, opposite, a

longo-lanceolate, or lanceolate, very acute, flat, one-nerved, obsoletely
glanduloso-denticulate ; flowers in the forks of the upper branches,
aero 9 uncle once or twice three-forked, bracteate bei
Visions ; icels compressed, longer than the calyx, bibracteolate ® —
base ; calyx-lobes oblong, acute, keeled ; claws of the petals thinly
bearded, limb obtuse ; sterile filaments very short.
Has. Heathy spots on the Mts. near Brackfontein, Clanw., E. & Z./ Oct. Herb.
Lehm., Sond.). : :
A foot or more high, with erecto-patent branches, and slender yellowish ithe
Leaves equalling the internodes, or shorter or longer, patent, green, ages ae}

with the nerve prominent beneath, 6-7 lines long, 13-2 lines wide. Infl. cymo!
Bracts like the leaves, but smaller ; pedicels 2-3 lines long. Cal.-lobes 1-14 iy
long, sub-unequal. Disc erect, obsoletely sinuate. Petals 4 lines long, the claw
equalling the calyx, the limb obtuse. Fertile filaments } line long ; sterile gland-
_ tke. _ Capsule 6 lines long, with horns as long as the carpels.

___B. Sterile filaments none. Leaves imbricate. (Sp. 11-13-)

A. levigata (B.&. W.! 1c. p. 64) ; twigs minutely downy;
teaves mostly opposite, Sent Bien etre: rare hy obtuse, complicate, —
with flat sides, very smooth, ciliated ; flowers terminal, solitary, or sub- _
| aggregal bracts ob’ ong, obtuse; calyx-lobes broadly ovate, acut.¢

us, ciliolate ; petals sub-rotund, with bearded claws. D,
I. p. 1139. Acm. tetragona, and levigata, HZ.

astian Bay. Near the Paarl, Stell., and Zoutendal,
sn ber the 2 oe aa

Acmadenia. | RUTACE (Sond.) 383

A int Si nt high, pet a 8 much- apg: with spore branchlets, gt ii
4-5-ran straight, acutely keeled, the margin slightly recurved, wi
dots along the keel, 2-3 lines long, ii line wide. Flowers asin A. pf Bi nga
smaller than in A. tetragona. Calyx 2 lines long, lo: er than the bracts. Limb of
— Sars long, the claw as long as the calyx. free, campanulate, some-
what lobed.

12. A, pungens (B. & W.! 1. cp. 64) ; twigs minutely downy ; leaves
opposite, densely imbricate, appressed, patent-recurved Srom the middle,
broadly elliptical, very acute, complicate, ciliolate ; flowers Solitary or
sub-aggregate ; bracts and calyx-lobes broadly ovate, cuspidate, sub-
carinate, ciliate ; petals oblong, longer than the calyx, with bearded
claws.

Has. Cape, Hb. Willd./ Bosjesveld, near the Doornriver, under 1000f. Dreye /
Oct. (Herb. reg. Ber., Sond.)

Known from the last by the leaves being appresssd from the base to the middle
and then suddenly curving back, by their very acute points and the ciliate
Erect, greyish, di-tri-chotomous, the lower branches spreading ; ultimate bran

1-13 inch long. Leaves underneath impresso-punctate along the margin and keel,
2-21 lines long, 2 lines wide, with a short, hard and sharp mucro, the uppermost
bract-like, lowers sessile, 1-3 together. Calyx-lobes 2 lines long, glabrous or mi-
nutely downy externally. Claws of the petals chiefly bearded at the throat ; the

limb oblong, spreading, 1 line long.

13. A. assimilis (Sond.) ; twigs minutely downy ; leaves 4-ranked,
imbricate, patent, cordate-sub-rotund, sub-acute, obtusely mucronate, com-
plicate, punctate underneath at the margin and keel, denticulato-cilio-
late ; flowers solitary, or few together ; calyx-lobes obovate-cuneate,
truncate-obtuse, keeled, patent at the point, ciliolate; limb of the petals
glabrous, roundish, with a bearded claw. A. leevigata, E. Mey.! in Hb.
Drege, non B. & W.

Has. Between Cape L’ and Pot 1A Herb., Sond.

6 inches or more hich, eg a branchlets sinha lng or la. Leaves oo
Calves 14 ae tgs sage haat vering the calyx.

I. Flower aggrequed in many Howepe bd

14. A. rosmarinifolia (Bartl. ! Lin. 17. P-355) 3 twigs sub-fastigiate,
pubescent ; leaves alternate, crowded, patent, linear- lanceolate, obtuse,
with revolute margins, glabrous, the younger downy ; heads terminal ;
the linear calylohent and the petals ciliate ; fertile filaments hairy, the
sterile pubescent, half as long, Barosma foetidissima, E. § Z. Spe

Aug. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.).

§-9-flowered, + z ‘ ag tao ;
long. Cee th tines ake: ce prniennone, Hasse, il cltine aed
alr or Petals -obovate, acute, 34 lines wide, downy at the |

rect Rader thinly pilose. Fert. filaments 2 lines long. Capsule glabrous,

384 RUTACEE (Sond.) rAdenandra.

than the calyx. This, which has the habit of a Barosma, differs, by its capitate
flowers and beardless petals, from others of this genus.

VI. ADENANDRA, Willd.

Calyx 5-parted. Hypogynous-disc adnate. Petals naked, with very
short claws. Filaments 10, shorter than the calyx ; 5, opposite the pe-
tals, sterile, tipped with a concave or globose gland, 5 alternate, shorter,
fertile ; anthers large, oblong, erect, bearing a pedicellate, spoon-shaped
or rarely globose, erect, at length refracted gland. Style short, cylin-
drical. Stigma capitate, 5-crenate. Capsule equalling the calyx (rarely
longer), 5-coccous, the cocci obtuse or horned, glandularly murica
above. Willd. En. Ber.p.256. B. § W.l.c.p. 69. Juss. Mem. Muss. vol.
xit. p. 470. t. 19. n. 16, Endl. Gen. 6015.

Small, virgate or much-branched shrubs, with scattered, rarely opposite, pellucid-

dotted leaves. Flowers larger than in other Cape genera of this sub-order, handsome.
The name is derived from adnv, a gland, and avnp, here meaning a stamen.

Gu . ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.
I, Flowers sessi/e, crowded in a dense head.

Heads clammy :
leaves oblong, glabrous, 2 lines long... ... ... (3) obtusata. Pag
leaves oblong, or ovate-oblong, glabrous, 4-6 des

Hines Jong eee vss eee one oes ae ee) Visa, gy

leaves oval-oblong, pubescent underneath ... (2) pubescens. >» Wr

Heads not clammy:
leaves obovate, concave andkeeled... ... ... gracilis.
MP OUI Ot SS 3 rotundifolia.

II. Flowers on short stalks; the peduncles equal to the
upper leaves, or scarcely longer.

Leaves opposite (very rarely in a variety, alternate). (13) coriacea.

Leaves alternate, (very rarely b Mepis Ao

Leaves underneath and at the margin, with ie

. (14) macradenia.' ~~

Leaves underneath, with immersed glands :
Glands in two rows. (Leaves oblong, ob- oe
tuse, 3-4lineslong) ... ... ... ... (12) biseriata. ‘
Glands scattered, more or less numerous : 4
leaves lanceolate, with revolute margins (11) uniflora. ;
lvs. lin. oblong, flat, 6-12 inches long ;
petals obovate-oval ~” (7) umbellata. 9 =f

lws. oval, tapering to both ends, cre-
nulate, 3-5 lines long ; pet. round-

ish apiculate... ... .. ... ... (8) amoena, Wad *
ls. ovate, or ov.-oblong, acuminate, é
entire, flat ; calyx ciliate... (6) cuspidata. ce

lws. ovate or oy.-oblong, sub-obtuse,

concave, calyz glabrous... Kraussii.
eee v8. obovate-oblong, crenulate, ciliate ; ot 4
_ ealye hairy ... ... ... ... .., (10) ciliata.

sone see one (18) beaohyphylla. “+

Adenandra.] RUTACE# (Sond.) 385

Lvs. oval or oblong, hard-pointed, 3-5 lines long ;

pedunc. and cal, ginbrous ww. ww... s,s. += (16) mundticefolia.
» Lws. ovate-oblong or obl., hard-pointed, 4-6 1. long;
pedune. and cal. villous... ... ... + ... ... (17) Jasiantha,
Iw. linear-oblong, uncial... =... 2. «2... (18) fragrans,
Lvs. ovate, or cordate-lanceolate, acuminate, hook- ry
Lvs. ovate, or cordato-ovate ; the upper lanceolate,
or lin. lanceolate, sub-obtuse ; pat
calyx-segments obtuse, reflexed ... ... ... (20) marginata. iy
calya-segments acute, erect... ... ... ... (21) humilis, A

I. Flowers sessile, capitate. (Sp. 1-5).

1. A. rotundifolia (E. & Z.! 798); the erect stem and the branches
glabrous ; twigs minutely pubescent ; leaves closely imbricate, ap-
pressed at base, with recurved points, rounded, calloso-mucronate, flat,
glabrous, glandularly crenulate at the thickened margin, one-nerved
beneath, few-dotted or impunctate ; flowers capitate, close-set ; brac-
teoles linear-carinate, dilated upwards, coloured, ciliate ; calyx-seg-
ments glabrous, obovate, apiculate, with naked, coloured edges ; petals
twice as long as the calyx, oval, on longish claws. Drege, 7148.

Has. Mountains near Swellendam, Z.4Z/ (Herb. Lehm., Sond.).

1-2 feet high. Stem as thick as a goose-quill, scarred ; twigs short, ending iv

of flowers. Leaves 2 lines long and wide, rarely petiolate, pale under
neath, the uppermost, surrounding the flowers, on longer petioles, ciliolate. Flowen.
six or more in a head. Bracts adnate to the pedicel below the calyx, 3 lines long.
meri : — long, five cleft scarcely beyond the middle, glandular. Claws of the
Rea _ Be ey dilating into a three-line-long limb. Filaments hairy ;

2. A. pubescens (Sond.); branches pubescent ; leaves imbricate, ap-
pressed, elliptical or oval-oblong, obtuse, concave, glabrous above, pubes-
cent beneath, nerveless, obsoletely impresso-glandular ; flowers capitate ;
bracteoles lanceolate : calyx glabrous at base, 5-fid, the leaves ovate,
sub-obtuse, downy towards the point, ciliate; petals. ..? A. villosa,
E. & Z.! 797., non Lichtenst. “x
aa Sandy places near Grietjesgat, Palmiet River, Stell. Z.§ Z./ Sept. (Herb.
_ Branches 3~4-uncial, densely with closely appressed leaves. Leaves two
lines long, fe lines wide, ee ae vaear four or more, involucrated by
the uppermost leaves, Bracts keeled, ciliate, wider upwards. Calyx purplish at
the tip, 4 lines long. Petals and the remaining parts of the flower are wanting in
our specimens. It varies with leaves externally glabrous, and obsoletely nerved and
Sreen-streaked in the upper part of the branches.

3. A. obtusata (Sond.); the erect stem and the branches glabrous;
twigs thinly downy; leaves very dense, erecto-imbricate, oblong, ob-
tuse at each end, thickened at the margin, glabrous, one-nerved beneath,
lmpunctate ; flowers capitate, glutinous ; bracteoles lanceolate, obtuse ;

calyx glabrous, its lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse, sub-carinate, erect, cilio-

late; petals sub-orbicular, sub-retuse, thrice as long as the calyx ; cap- =

= twice as long as the calyx. 4. cuspidata, E.& Z./796,non Bo

386 UTACEE (Sond.) - [Adenandra.

Has. West side of Table Mountain, FL. & Z./ Drege! 7147. Oct. (Herb. Lehm.,
Sond.). :

A foot or more high. Stem thick, scarred. Twigs leafy. Leaves two lines long,
one line wide, shortly petiolate, underneath with a green, percurrent nerve, but not
apiculate. Flowers 3-4 in a head, involucrate by the uppermost leaves. Bracts 2
lines long, leafy, keeled. Calyx 2} lines long. Limb of the petals 3 lines long, white
above. Anthers oval, with a minute recurved gland. Capsule 3 lines long, ob-
tuse.—Resembling A. biseriata in habit, but easily distinguished by its capitate,
gummy flowers.

4. A. viscida (E. & Z.! 795); the straight, sub-simple stem and the
angular branches glabrous ; leaves crowded, erecto-patent, oblong or
ovate-oblong, the upper often ovate, tipped with an obtuse, callus, gla-
brous, with revolute margins, few-dotted or impunctate beneath ;
flowers capitate, glutinous ; bracts cuneate, dilated upwards, keeled, the
keel produced into a thickened, obtuse point ; calyx glabrous, its lobes
ovate-elliptical, obtuse, with recurved points, not glandular ; petals
roundish, thrice as long as the calyx. Bartl. Linn. 17 p. 35%
Bartlingiana, E. § Z. ! 794, excl. syn. A. uniflora, var. ? Schl.
Has. In stony sub-alpine places. Near Hout Bay, £. Z./! Hemel en Aarde,
y ites and Zoutendals Valei, Swell., Miss Joubert. Aug.-Sep. (Herb.
ni
1 feet hgh. Leaves on very short petioles, 4-6 lines long, 14-2 lines wide, the
upper mostly smaller and less crowded, pale green underneath, shining, one-nerved,

with impressed glands at the margin. Heads 4-8-flowered, involucred by the broad-
ly-ovate or sub-rotund uppermost leaves, Bracts appressed to the calyx, 2} lines

long, complicato-carinate, memb , prolonged into an obtuse, three-anglee
_ Calyx 24 lines long, its lobes thickened . upwards. Petals white
within, flesh-coloured or reddish externally, glabrous.

5. A. gracilis (E. & Z.1 799) ; stem straight, simple or branched,
glabrous ; leaves crowded, erecto-patent, oval or obovate, obtuse, glan-
dular-crenulate, concave, somewhat keeled, glabrous, impunctate ; flowers
terminal, sessile, capitato-aggregate ; bracteoles obtuse ; calyx glabrous,
its lobes ovate-elliptical, obtuse, keeled, diaphanous at the margim,
glandular at back ; petals sub-orbicular, thrice as long as the calyx.

Has. Stony places on mountain sides at the Zonderende River, near Appels-
kraal, Swell., £. § Z.! Zey./ 2155. Sep. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D,. Sond.).

__ 1-2 feet high, with slender, yellow-purplish branches. Leaves on very short pe
jioles, 13-2 lines long, 1 line wide, thickened at the margin. Flowers 4-6 toge

ther, not glutinous. appressed to the calyx, and half its length. Calyx 2
ines long. Petals obtuse or apiculate, white, reddish underneath. Capsule equal-
ling the calyx, obtuse, glandular.

ee IL. Flowers on short peduncles ; pedunele shorter, or scarcely longer than the uppe

most leaves. (Sp. 6-14).

_8. A. cuspidata (Meyer—B. & W. 1. c. p. 87); erect, branching,
rous or pubescent ; leaves alternate or opposite, ovate or ovate-oblong,

é, flat, thickish at the edge, punctate tical the lower erecto-
nost densely imbricated ; flowers terminal, sub-capi- —
pubescent, its oblong, acute lobes and the floral-
rate-elliptical, apiculate, downy on both sides,

upp

Adenandra | RUTACEE (Sond.) 387

Var. a. glabra; branches and leaves glabrous. 4. ewspidata, Mey.
lc. Herb. Un, It. No. 4. ex pte.

Var. 8. villosa; branches and leaves pubescent. A. villosa, Lich-
tenst ! B. & W. 1. c. 85, excl. syn. Thunb, A. wmbellata, a, speciosa,
Eckl.! Linn. 1831. p. 198. Hartogia villosa, Berg. ! Cap. p. 70 et Herb!
Spec. 2 (sed tertium difert et ad A. biseriatam pertinet.)

Has. On the Cape Flats ; round Table Mt., and at Campsbay, common. Mow.

oe a Aug.-Oct. (Herb. Holm., Wendl., r. Ber.,Lehm., T.C.D.,
» &e.),

1-2 feet high, dichotomous, with slender branches. Leaves 3-6 lines Iong, 13-3
lines wide, with a percurrent nerve beneath. Petiolés } line long, mostly glandular
at base. Peduncles hairy, 3—7 in a cluster, 3 lines long. Calyx 5-6 lines long, its
lobes 2 lines wide, pellucid-dotted. Petals on short claws, the limb 6 lines long,
white above, reddish underneath, Fil. hairy, the sterile and fertile of equal length.
—Very near A. wmbellata and A. uniflora, and perhaps a variety of the former,
from which, however, it differs, at first sight, by the smaller, acuminate, and evi-
dently margined leaves, densely imbricated at the ends of the branches.

7. A. umbellata (Willd. Enum. Hort. Bert. p. 257); the erect stem
and the branches glabrous, twigs downy; leaves Linear-oblong, and ob-
long, sub-acute, sub-ciliate, many-dotted beneath, the lower spreading, the
upper erect, swb-imbricate ; flowers terminal, crowded ; calyx glabrous
or pubescent, its lobes linear-oblong, glandular-denticulate, ciliate ; pe-
tals obovate-elliptical, ciliate, twice as long as the calyx.

Var. a. speciosa (B. & W. p. 81); leaves linear-oblong, ciliate. Glan-
dulifolia wmbellata, Wendl.! Coll. 1. p. 37. t. 10. Diosma speciosa, Bot.
Mag. t. 1271. A. speciosa, Link. A. Wendlandiana, E. & Z.! Dios-
ma rugosa, Don! Hort. Cant. (with sub-solitary flowers.)

Var. 8. glandulosa (B. & W.); leaves oblong, glabrous. D. uniflora,
Lin. f.! non Linn. pater. Hartogia uniflora, Berg. Cap. p. 71. Gland.
uniflora, ovata, Wendl. Coll. t. 33. A. glandulosa, Licht. EB. & Z.! 786.

Var. y. sub-pubescens; calyx pubescent.

Has. Common round Capetown. At Hott. Holland, Ludwig. Wupperthal,
Drege! jo72z. Ful.-Oct. (Herb. Wendl, sont PO Dig Wy 8 r= cae,

1-2 feet high or more ; the branches mostly crowded, erecto-patent, leafy above.
Leaves alternate, glandular-denticulate at the margin, in var. a. 9-12 lines long, in
B. more oblong, 6-8 lines long, 13-2 lines wide. Petioles one line long. Flowers
Solitary, or two together, the largest and handsomest in the genus. Bracts sever
narrow, leafy. Calyx 5-6 lines long, its lobes acute, rarely sub-obtuse. Petals
on short claws, the limb apiculate, white, with a purple streak within, reddened
beneath. Sterile filaments as long as the fertile, hairy ; fertile shorter than the

Ceca
me

Pe) ae
Voth bel

LY ee 4,

tee gley i

a

anthers,—In starved specimens the leaves are shorter and wider, and the flowers

.

8. A. amoena (B. & W.! l.«. p. 80); stem erect, branching ; twigs
leafy, downy ; leaves elliptical, tapering at both ends, sub-obtuse, obso-
letely glandular-crenulate at the margin, quite glabrous, punctate and

obsoletely ribbed beneath ; flowers terminal, solitary, sub-sessile ; bracts —

ovate, sub-acute, ciliate; calyx glabrous, its lobes ovate, ciliate, im-

presso-punctate beneath ; petals orbicular, pointed, twice aslongasthe __ : Coa
calyx. Bot. Reg. ! t. 553, Lodd.! Cab. Bot. t. 161. A. ovata, Link ee

A. amoena and acuminata E. & Z.! 791, 79%

388 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [A denandra.

Has. Tulbaghskloof and Witsenberg, Worcester, H. & Z./ Oct. Foot of Devil's
Mt., Drege! (Herb. Wendl., Lehm., Sond.). :

Allied to A. umbellata and A. cuspidata, from both which it differs in the dwarfer
and weaker stem, more slender branches, and smaller leaves and flowers. Twigs
leafy, even to the calyx. Leaves alternate, 3-5 lines long, 1} wide, ovate-ob-
long, with a short, obtuse point. -Petiole very short. Calyx four lines long, green-
red. Petals clawed, twice as long as the calyx, white, with a purple streak above,
deep red underneath. Filaments hairy, the sterile twice as long.

9. A. Kraussii (Meisn. ! pl. Krauss.) ; the erect stem and branches
glabrous, the twigs downy and leafy ; leaves spreading, ovate-oblong or
ovate, sub-obtuse, pointless, nearly nerveless, concave above, glabrous,
beneath flat, punctate and downy ; flowers terminal, sub-sessile, soli-
tary or in pairs ; bracts keeled, cuspidate ; calyx glabrous, its lobes
ovate, sub-acuminate, glabrous at the edge, glandular at apex, purplish ;
petals glabrous, twice as long as the calyx, the sterile filaments longer
than the fertile.

Has. Outeniquasberg, George, Dr. Krauss. June. (Herb. Sond.).

Branches sub-dichotomous, the twigs crowded. Leaves alternate 2—3 lines long,
11 wide, obsoletely nerved, and scarcely paler beneath, many-dotted, with a slightly
thicker margin. Calyx 21 lines long, surrounded by the uppermost bract-like leaves.
Petals oval-orbicular, white above, reddish beneath. Sterile fil. hairy.

10. A. ciliata (Sond.); branches and twigs very thinly pubescent,
leafy ; leaves horizontally patent, obovate-oblong, obtuse, flat, crenulate
near the point, quite glabrous above, paler beneath, impunctate or thin-
ly sprinkled with immersed glands, downy, ciliate ; flowers 2-4, sub-
sessile at the ends of the branches ; calyx hairy, its lobes oblong, 0b-
tuse, ciliate ; petals elliptic-orbicular, downy externally, ciliated, twice
as long as the calyx. ‘

Has. Muysenberg, Cape, v. Ludwig. May. (Herb. Sond.).

2 feet high or more, clothed from the base with very minute pubescence. Branches
and twigs few, dichotomous, sometimes elongate. Leaves 4~-5-ranked, alternate, om
very short, ciliate petioles, 4~5 lines long, 2 lines wide, the uppermost shorter, evi
dently crenulate from the middle to the apex, nerveless. Flowers rather large. Calyx

4 lines long, with a few glandular dots. Petals apiculate. Fertile filaments very
short ; sterile, with long hairs, taller than the anthers.

11. A. uniflora (Willd. enum. p. 256); erect ; branches glabrous,
twigs downy, leafy ; leaves horizontally patent, lanceolate, mucronulate,
with revolute margins, quite glabrous, paler beneath, punctate ; flowers
solitary, sub-sessile ; calyx sub-pubescent, its lobes ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate, ciliate from the base to the middle ; petals obovate-subro-
___ tund, ciliolate at the apex, twice as long as the calyx. B. & W./ p.77:

a £. § Z.! 793. Diosma uniflora, Linn.! Sp. 287. Thunb. Cap. p. 228.

oe Bot. Mag. t. 273. D. cistoides, Lam. D. acuminata, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t.

5 . 493. Eriostemon capense, Pers. Syn. 1. p. 46 5.

' Var. B. pubescens ; altogether covered with soft hairs, or the leaves
_ glabrous above, A. villosa, Hort. :

y. linearis ; leaves lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, sparingly

- ciliate; calyx lobes mostly ciliate from base to apex. Diosma linearis,

= = Thunb. Fl. cap. p. 226. ‘A. linearis, Juss. l.c. p. 471.

Adenandra. | RUTACEH (Sond.) 389

y-, near the Pot River, Zey./ 2153. Cape Flats, Drege, 7075, Gueinzius, Gc. Jul.-
. (Herb. Thunb., Lam., Wendl., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.).

A foot high ; branches di-tri-chotomous, twigs crowded, sub-umbellate. Lower
leaves often deflexed, upper more distant and wider, with a straight or recurved
point. Calyx 4 lines long, its lobes ovate-acuminate, or lanceolate, glandular den-
ticulate, or sub-entire near the point. Petals short-clawed, 6 lines long, white
within, purple without. It varies with tetramerous flowers. Var. y., with ciliate
leaves passes into var. B,

12. A. biseriata (Meyer, in B,& W.1.¢. p. 75); erect; branches ,. ,
glabrous, twigs leafy, minutely downy; leaves alternate, erect, sub- Beet
imbricate, oblong, obtusely mucronate, with revolute margins, quite gla- '
brous, paler beneath, bifariously punctate ; flowers terminating the
twigs, solitary; the short peduncles and calyces willows; cal. lobes
ovate, acute, ciliated ; petals elliptic-sub-rotund, retuse, twice as long
as the calyx. A. coriacea, B. & W.! 1. ¢. p. 3, non Lichtenst. A. uni-
flora B., Schlecht. A. cistoides, E. § Z.! 787, non Lam.

Has. Sandy places on the Cape Flats, and mountain sides, Hott. Holland,
Hesse, E. § Z.! Zey.! 283. Drakenstein, Drege, 7076. Oct.Nov. (Herb. Wendl.,
Bartl., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.).

1-2 feet high, slender. Leaves very short, petiolate, closely set, erect, 3-4 lines
long, 1-11 line wide ; the upper shorter and broader. Flowers on the ultimate,
crowded branchlets. Bracts not distant from the calyx, keeled, cuneate. Calyx
3} lines long, the lobes villous at back, naked at the tip. Petals white, with a
purple streak, reddish underneath. Capsule as long as the calyx, muricated with
Stipitate glands. Seeds black, oval.—It varies with a smooth calyx.

13. A. coriacea (Lichst. ! in R. & Sch. Syst. v. p. 452); erect ; branches
glabrous, twigs slightly downy ; leaves opposite, ovate, sub-acute, flat,
with revolute margins, one-nerved beneath, pale, multipunctate, gla-
brous ; flowers terminal, sub-ternate, pedunculate ; calyx glabrous, its
7 oblong, obtuse, crenulate ; petals roundish, twice as leng as the :
c yx. > : *

Var. 8. oblongifolia ; leaves oblong, or linear-oblong. —

Has. On the Skurfdeberg, Bokkeveld, 27 Oct., 1816, Dr. Lichtenstein. 8. in Du-
toitskloof, Drege, 7073, 7074, 7085, ex pte. (Herb. r. Berol., T.C.D., Sond.). _

A foot or more high. Leaves ing, minutely petiolate, 7 lines long, 34-4 wide,
on above, densely dotted with minute glands beneath, the uppermost smaller.

eduncles 4 lines long, glabrous, with 2 opp., oblong, glabrous bracts above the
middle. Calyx 3 lines long, pellucid-dotted. Petals white, ally purple. Sta-
mens pilose. Ovary papillose. Stigma capitate, 5-lobed. Var. 8. differs in having
leaves either opposite or alternate, 6-8 lines long, 2 lines wide, and obtuse calyx-
lobes ; in other respects it resembles the normal form. ESS 2

14. A. macradenia (Sond.) ; branches spreading, twigs villous ; leaves
alternate, short-stalked, erect, imbricate, concave, elliptic-oblong, or ob-
long, obtuse, glabrous, very smooth above, beneath paler, one-nerved,
trregularly sprinkled with raised glands, toward the apex glandular-den-
ticulate ; flowers terminal, on short stalks, the peduncles and calyces
villous ; calyx-lobes ovate, acute, keeled, ciliate, glanduliferous at the
point ; capsules muricate, longer than the calyx, with slender, spread-

- Ing horns. A. coriacea, EB. § Z.! 789, non Licht, nec BiG We
nam ioe places near the Tulbagh waterfall, Worcester, BE. Z./ Dec. (Herbe
A shrub, several feet high, with the aspect of a Barosma. Branches terete, —

r
i
1

1 aaiiatiaa te al

390 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [Adenandra.

brown-black, twigs leafy, the ultimate 1-2 inches long. Leaves 4 lines long, 2 wide,
erect-appressed, from the middle to the apex, or at the apex alone denticulate with
globose glands. Peduncles 2 lines long, bracteolate at base, villous, as well as the
calyx. Petals and stamens unknown, Capsules 4 lines long, glandularly muricate.
Style, 1 line long. Stigma capitate, crenulate. :

III. Flowers on long peduncles, corymbose. (Sp. 15-21).

15. A. brachyphylla (Schl. ! Linn. vi. p. 199); erect, sub-dichoto-
mous, twigs downy ; leaves alternate, on very short petioles, swb-orbi-
cular or oval, mucronate, with revolute, thickened margins, paler be-
neath and punctate, all equal, or the lower ones oblong; flowers ter-
minal ; peduncles bibracteate; calyx glabrous or pubescent, its lobes
erect, broadly ovate, obtuse, sub-carinate, thinner at the margin ; petals
roundish, thrice as long as the calyx. H.6Z./ 780.

Var. a. isophylla ; all the leaves oval or roundish, few-glanded be-
neath, the upper appressed at base, spreading at the apex ; peduncles.
and calyces glabrous. A. brachyphylla, Schl. 1. ¢.

Var. 8. glandulosa ; all the leaves rounded, many-glanded beneath,
the upper with spreading points; peduncles and calyces pubescent,

Var. y. heterophylla; lower leaves patent, oblong, upper oval or
rounded, glabrous or pubescent ; ped. and cal. mostly pubescent. :
Has. a &y, on mountain tops. Howhoek and Klynriviersberg ; Babylon s
Toorensberg, Caledon ; Potrivier. E. § Z.! Wahlberg, Zey.! 2152, B, Muysen-
berg, Niven, W.H.H. Jul-Nov. (Herb. Holm., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.). ‘
A shrub, 1-2 feet high. Leaves t-nerved, the lower in y., 4-5 lines long, Ty
wide, the upper in a & y, either scattered or imbricate, sub-bifariously glandular,
1-2 lines long, 1-11 wide ; in 8. mostly a little larger, all roundish, many-glanded.
ee bes Aten aces the middle furnished with cuneate, obtuse pane ee
yx about 3 lines long, ular at back, leafy, the margin, especially in a f
much thinner, naked and coloured, in 8 ciliated Petals on longish claws, obtuse,
sub-retuse, white within, partly purple externally ; the claw pubescent on the inside.
Sterile filaments, and the much shorter fertile pilose.

16. A. mundtiefolia (E. & Z.! 779); erect, branching, the twigs
downy ; leaves alternate, spreading, on very short petioles, oval-oblong,
obtuse, callous-pointed, with revolute margins, pallid beneath, shining,
glabrous, mostly impunctate ; flowers terminal, few, pedunculate ; pe
duncles bi-bracteolate, glutinous, and the calyces glabrous ; cal. lobes
ovate acute, with recurved points, glandular-dotted at the margin ; limb
of the petals twice as long as the calyx, obovate-rounded, the claw
downy above. Bartl. Linn. 1. ¢. 357.

= Shia. Mountains ‘betwee: Haaecad and the Breede River, Swellendam,

and at Knobluch, £. ¢ Z./ Sep. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.).

foot or more high, the twigs mostl fastigiate. i Leaves scattered, rarely sub-

fe, oblong or oval, 3-5 lines ag 1421 lines wide, impunctate, rarely bifa-

_ Mously few-dotted. Peduncles 4-5 lines long, purplish. Bracts spathulate, a little

below the middle of the peduncle, Cal | atin (otk, Gaitaetk on toe. Petals

_ dit 1 beneath, glabrous, sub-glutinous. Sterile filaments villous. Capsule
uriculate ‘equalling the calyx,

antha (Sond) ; branches and twigs downy ; leaves erowd-

Adenandra. | RUTACES (Sond.) 391,

few, corymbose, much longer than the leaves, and the calyx villous,
bracteate ; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse ; petals sub-orbicular, downy ex-
ternally, more than twice as long as the calyx.

Has. Among stones, Klynriviersberge, Caledon, £. § Z.! Aug. (Herb. Sond.)

A foot or more high. Leaves alternate, 4-6 lines long, 2 wide, the uppermost
shorter. Peduncles 2-4, about 6-8 lines long. Calyx 4 lines long, the lobes pel-
lucid-dotted, the margin paler, quite entire, villous up to the apex. Petals white
within, reddish without, the claw nearly equalling the calyx. Sterile filaments very
hairy at the point, longer than the pubescent anthers.

18. A. (R. & Sch. 1. c. p. 451); erect, glabrous ; branches
and twigs leafy, sub-umbellate-aggregate ; leaves alternate, horizontally
patent, linear-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, quite glabrous, flat, one-nerved
and punctate beneath ; petioles glutinous ; peduncles terminal, umbel-
late, naked or bracteolate, and the calyces glabrous 3 cal. lobes round-
ish, at length refleced ; petals broadly-elliptical, thrice as long as the
calyx. B.§ W.! 1. c.p. 89. Diosma fragrans, Bot. Mag. t. 1519.

Var. 8.amoena; corolla red. A. amoena, Link, enum. p.239 excl. syn.

Hap. In the interior, E. § Z.1 (Herb. Sond.). ies sulci aibinah

paringly branched ; branches erect, the young e, glutinous e
top. Leaves uncial, 2 lines wide, dull green above, pale beneath, one-nerved, glan-
dularly-serrulate. Petioles 1 line long. Peduncles mixed with sterile, leafy twigs,
1—2 inches long (shorter and clammy in the wild specimens), naked, or with a pair
of subulate, appressed bracts below the middle. Calyx semiquinquefid, 2 lines long,
with rounded, membrane-edged, jagged lobes. Petals clawed, emarginate, slightly
crenulate, white above, reddish, or red underneath. ‘Filaments villous. Ovary gla-
—~ Style very short.—There are cultivated specimens in Herb, Wendl., Martius,

19. A. serpyllacea (Bartl.! Linn. L c. p. 359); erect, branched
from the base, twigs downy, leafy ; leaves opposite, very rarely alter-
nate, with very short petioles, ovate-acuminate or lanceolate, mucronate,
obtuse or obcordate at base, flattish, or with revolute margins, often
sub-emarginate, glabrous, the upper mostly etliolate or downy ; pedun-
cles corymbose, much longer than the leaves, bracteate above the mid-_
dle ; bracts linear-subulate; calyx pubescent, its lobes ovato-lanceolate
ge long as the elliptic-obovate petals. A. fragrans, £. § Z,/ 781,
non Le. § Sch, ss si

Var. .; branches and leaves pubescent. 4. uniflora, EZ. Mey. &

Drege, 7078, .

above, reddish beneath, downy towards
& A. humilis, are sometimes pellucid-

392 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Bavosma.

longer than the leaves, bibracteate, and the calyces glabrous ; cal. lobes
ovate, obtuse, reflewed; petals roundish, thrice as long as the calyx. 2B.
& W.!1.¢. p. 92. Diosma marginata, Linn. f. Suppl. p. 155. Thunb.
Cap. p. 229. D. rosmarinifolia, Lam.! Ency. 11, p. 286 (pars superior.)
_ Var. 8. angusta ; leaves mostly or all lanceolate or linear-lanceolate.
A. intermedia, E. & Z.! 782.

Has. Between the Cape and Drakenstein, near French Hock, and at the Paarl,
Thunberg ! B. at Winterhoeksberg, Tulbagh, HZ. & Z./ Nov. (Herb. Thunb. Sond.)

6-12 inches high, the branches and twigs scattered or subumbellate-aggregate,
short, filiform, erecto-patent. Leaves sub-remote, spreading, reflexed at the sides,
pellucid at the margin, gland-dotted, dull green above, paler beneath, 4—6 lines long ;
in 8. the lower longer and linear. Flowers the smallest in the genus. Upper ped-
uncles 6 lines, lower 12 lines long, with two small bracts above the middle, Calyx
1 line long, the lobes very obtuse, membrane-edged. Petals white, red outside.
Capsule twice as long as the reflexed calyx.

21. A. humilis (E. & Z.! 784); erect, branching; twigs downy,
leafy; leaves alternate, rarely opposite, on very short petioles, spread-
ing or erect, lanceolate or linear, sub-obtuse, glabrous, with revolute,

membranous margins, one-nerved beneath ; peduncles corymbose, much
longer than the leaves, bibracteolate ; calyx glabrous, its segments ovate
or sub-lanceolate, erect in flower and fruit, one-third as long as the ovate-
sub-cordate petals,

Var. a. glabra; A. humilis, F. &. Z.! A. linifolia, Bartl. Linn. 1.
c. 360. A. marginata, EL. & Z.! 783. Schl. l. c. p. 199.

Var. £8. imbricata ; glabrous; leaves erect, 5—6-fariously imbricate,
obtuse ; calyx-lobes subcordate-ovate, obtuse.

Var. 7. pubescent ; branches and leaves thinly pubescent ; pedunc.
and calyces glabrous,

Has. Stony places above the baths at Zwarteberg and Klynriviersberg, Caledon ;
Palmiet R., Howhoek, and on to Potrivier, Swell., E. & Z./ Niven. Paarl, Mad.
Pallas. Babylonstoorensberg, Zey.! 2154. Jul.-Oct. (Herb. Lehm. ; Sond.)

6-8 inches to a foot high, with erect or ascending branches. ‘Lower leaves 4-6
lines long, 1 line wide at base, upper 3-4 lines long. Peduncles 3-8 at the end of
the twigs, uncial or shorter. Bracts } line long, subulate, obtuse. Calyx 1} lines
long, glandular. Petals obtuse or mucronulate, white, reddish beneath. Capsule 4
times as long as the calyx, muricate, obtuse.—Very close to A. marginata, R. &
Sch., if not a mere variety.—A. marginata, E. Mey.! by its acute, erect calyx would
belong to this species ; by its shorter, ovate or oblong, minutely apiculate leaves, to
the preceding. Is it a species distinct from both? [or, rather, an intermediate
form, connecting both? H.}. I have seen but few specimens, gathered at Tradow,
near Gnadendahl.

Burosma. | RUTACEZ (Sond.) 393

Tulate. Flowers on axillary twigs, resembling peduncles, solitary or tufted, very
rarely sub-umbellate at the end of the branchlets. Possibly, it would be better to
unite this genus with Agathosma. Name, from Bapus, heavy, and ocun, a smell.

Sect. I. Eubarosma. Style villous below. Peduncles short, termi-
nating the“floral twigs. Barosme vere, B. & W.l.c. p.97. (Sp. 1-3)

1. B. serratifolia (Willd. Enum. p. 257); branches and twigs gla-
brous ; leaves opposite, linear-lanceolate, equally narrowed at both ends,
truncate-obtuse, sharply serrulate, glabrous, paler beneath, and pellucid-
dotted in the incisures; peduncles axillary, 1~3 flowered, mostly leafy ;
style villous below. B. & W./ excl. var! B. 4. & Z.1 802. O. Berg.
Bot. Zeit. 1853, p. 911, t. xii, fig. R.—T. ( folia) ; Darstellg. offic. Gew. ii.
a. opt. Diosma serratifolia, Curt. Bot. Mag. t. 456. DC. Prod. i. p.
714. Parapetalifera serrata, Wendl, coll. I, p. 92, t. 34. Baryosma
serratifolia, R. § Sch. Adenandra serratifolia, Link. En. p. 239.

Has. Mountain sides above Duyvelsbosch and Grootvadersbosch, £. § Z./
Drege! Voormansbosch, Swell., Zey.! 2173. Sep.-Oct. (Herb. Wendl., Lehm., Sond. )
€ An erect shrub, several feet high, with rod-like branches and angular twigs. Leaves
very rarely sub-alternate, shortly petiolate, twice as long as the internodes, spread-
ing, flat, a little wider in the middle, 1-1} uncial, 2-3 lines wide, 3-nerved, with
sub-incurved serratures. Peduncles (flowering twigs) shorter than the leaves, 4-6
lines long, glabrous, leafy at the apex, and bibracteolate under the calyx, or leafless
and 4-6 bracted ; bracts 1 line long ; pedicels very short. Calyx-lobes ovato-lan-
ceolate, obtuse, keeled, 1 line long. Petals 3-4 times longer than the calyx, 1}
lines wide, oblong, obtuse, ciliolate at base, punctate at back, white. Stamens
equalling the corolla, at length recurved ; the anther with a minute gland. Sterile
filaments linear-oblong, pubescent at the margin, gland-tipped. Style as long as
the stamens. Capsule 4 lines long, shortly § horned.

2. B. crenulata (Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3413) ; branches and twigs gla-
brous ; leaves opposite, oblong, oval, or obovate, crenulate or serrulate,
glabrous, paler beneath, the incisures pellucid-dotted ; peduncles axil-
lary, 1-3 flowered ; style villous below. Diosma crenulata, Lin. Amoen,
IV. p. 308. D. crenata, Lin. Sp. p. 287. Thunb. Fl. Cap. 227. D. ser-
ratyfolia, Burch. Trav. 1, p. 476, icon. D. latifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cat. t. 290.
D. odorata, DO. 1, p. 714. Barosma odorata, Willd. Baryosma odorata,
&. § Sch. Bucco crenata, R. § Sch. l. c. 444. Adenandra cordata, Link.
Bar. serratifolia, 8. B. & W.p. 99. B. crenata, Kunze, EB. Z.1 800,
2. crenulata, crenata § Eckloniana, O. Berg, Bot. Zeit. 9, p. 91-911,
tab. wit. B. crenulata, O. Berg. Darst. Of: Gew. 1, ¢. sabe ice ee
; . Fissures i emountain, Zwartland and Hott. :
uh eae Taek theken tes Boe Dae Drege, 7079, &¢. Oct. (Herb.

natty edo

vi i preceding, and seemingly only differing in the constantly

der Seaitbi Doaisnicaies twigs quite glabrous ; the sterile een ee
velvetty and furnished with broader leaves (B. Eckloniana, Berg.) sabia mostly
5-nerved, uncial, 3-6 lines wide, crenate or crenulate-serrulate, but wi - og
and less prominent serratures than in the . ee ea
leafy at the summit ; pedicels very short. Calyx, corolla and capsule as in 4. ser-
ratifolia. This is the true Buku bush. .

3. B. betulina (B. & W.! 1c. p. 102); branches and twigs glabrous 5 ee

leaves opposite, coriaceous, cv

sat

-obovate, with obtuse, sub-recurved

ao RUTACE (Sond.) [| Barosma.

sharply and closely denticulate, glabrous, scarcely paler beneath, pellu-
cid-dotted in the incisures ; peduncles axillary, the upper 1~3 flowered,
equalling the leaves or shorter, lower longer, 3-5 flowered, leafy ; style
villous below. #.62Z./ 801. 0. .Berg, Darst. off. Gew. 1, opt.! D.
betulina, Thunb. Cap. p. 227. D. crenata, Lodd. Cab. t. 404. Hartogia
betulina, Berg.! Fl. Cap. p. 67. Bucco betulina, R. & Sch. t. c. p. 433-

Has. On the Roodesand mountains, and elsewhere, Thunberg. Kardouw, Hesse.
Mts. near Brackfontein, Clanw., F. ¢ Z./ Drege, 7079, c. & 7080. July. (Herb.
Thunb., Wendl., Lam., Lehm., Sond.) :

A much branched shrub, with rod-like branches. Leaves very shortly petiolate,
opposite, rarely sub-alternate, erecto-patent, rhomboid-obovate, mostly 5—nerved, the
midrib very prominent, cauline,8—10 lines long, 5~7 wide, rameal smaller, sub-acute.
Flowering-twigs axillary, 2-4 bracted, the lower bracts leafy. Flowers and fruit as
in B. crenulata, from which this is easily known by the cuneate-obovate leaves,
closely cartilaginous-toothed.

Sxcr. 2. Trichopodes, B. § W. Style glabrous (in Sp. 13 & 14 mi-
nutely downy). Peduncles 1-4, one flowered, bractless (very rarely
bibracteate at base), from axillary buds. Calyx-segments erect. (5p.
4-14.)

4. B. latifolia (R. & Sch. 1. c. p. 449, excl. syn. Andr.); pubescent ;
leaves scattered, sub-opposite on the branches, ovate, crenate, with glan-
dular incisures, dotless beneath ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, soli-
tary or twin, quite glabrous, longer than the leaves, racemose at the
ends of the branches; style glabrous. Bg W./l.c. p. 105. #. §Z.!
803. D. latifolia, Lin. f. Suppl. p. 154. Thunb.! Cap. p. 229.
Prod. 1.p. 714. D. odoratissima, Montin. ! Act.-Lund.

Has. Rocky, mountain situations near Olifants river and Tulbagh, Thunberg,
E. & Z.! Nieuwekloof, Drege./ Oct.-Nov. (Heb, Thunb. Lehm. Wendl., Sond.)

More than a foot high, entirely pubescent, the branches and twigs alternate,
erecto-patent, Leaves short-stalked (petiole 1 line long) concave, veiny, ovate oF
subcordato-ovate, slightlyrecurved at margin, 6 lines long, 3-4 wide. Pedunc. 6 lines
long. Calyx glabrous, its lobes obtuse, ciliolate, 1 line long. Petals twice as long
as the calyx, oblong, white. Fertile fil. rather longer than the petals, ciliate at base ;
the anthers with a minute gland ; sterile half as long, subulate, with a globose gland.
Capsule 3 lines long, glabrous ; its horns 1 line long, ing.

5. B. pulchella (B. & W.! 1. c. p. 107); twigs pubescent; leaves

. 288. Thunb! Cap. 229. Bot. Mag. t. 1357. D. graveolens,
nst.! R. & Sch. 1. c. p. 461. Hartogia a Berg. Pl. Cap.

Barosma. | RUTACEZ (Sond.) 395

crowded, straightish, leafy. Leaves alternate, in the younger twigs often opposite,

erecto-patent, shining; the lower ovate-oblong, sub-obtuse, 5-6 lines long, 2-24

wide, upper ovate, sub-acute, 2-3 lines long, 14-2 wide. Flowers numerous toward

the ends of the branches, purplish-white. Calyx glandular, its segments oblong,

obtuse, ciliolate, 4 line long. Petals thrice as long as the calyx, oblong, a little.
narrowed at the very base, sparingly pellucid dotted. Filaments glabrous, in p.

Sometimes piloso-ciliolate at base. Capsule 2 lines long; the horns 4 line long,

erect.—This differs from the preceding by its very slender branches, small, shining,

glabrous, thick-edged leaves, and er flowers.

6. B. venusta (E. & Z.! 807); twigs downy; leaves scattered, obovate-
rounded, cuneate at base, crenato-serrate, punctate and glabrous beneath ;
flowers axillary, tufted, racemose-crowded towards the end of the
branches; pedicels downy, bracteolate above the base; sterile filaments
and style glabrous; capsule very shortly horned.

Has. Among shrubs on the Vanstaadensberg, Uit. £.&@2./ Zey./ 2156. Al-
bany, Williamson! May-Jul. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

A shrub, more than a foot high, with crowded rod-like branches, and slender,
leafy twigs. Leaves erecto-patent, mostly alternate, rarely in threes, or opposite on
the young shoots ; in the lower part of the stem obovate or roundish, 4—5 lines long,
3 wide, the rest 2-3 lines long and wide, paler beneath, with impressed m
glands; petioles 4 line long. owers white or reddish, in the axils of the upper
leaves, 2-5 or more together ; peduncles 2 lines long. Calyx obtuse, } line long,
the lobes erect, glabrous. Petals 3-4 times longer than the calyx, oblong, much
attenuate at base, glandular near the summit, outside, Filaments twice as long as
the petals, glabrous. Capsule 2 lines long, with very short, obtuse, spreading horns.—
Very like A. pulchella, but at once known by its rounded, gland-dotted leaves.

Oe ake ee

7. B. acutata (Sond); twigs very minutely downy ; leaves sub-sessile,
Scattered, or approaching by threes, ovate, acute, with a hard, acute,
mostly recurved mucro, the margin slightly recurved, pale underneath,
and dotted with black glands, glabrous ; peduncles axillary, one-flowered,
2-3 together, equalling the leaf, or shorter; calyx lobes broadly ovate,
obtuse ; sterile filaments ciliolate; style glabrous. ae ae

eae genes Sty aye rege (Herb. Mart., Sond.) See Seca ae

, SeVE: i i : glabrous branches. Larger ro 3 6
long, 2-3 wide, elles Mee ae: Take broad based, often sub-cordate. Flowers
produced along the whole branch ; like those of B. ovata.—Near the following, differ-
ing in the shortly petioled mostly alternate, leaves, with wide bases, and tapering

into a sharp, rarely a blunt point, much paler und

8. B. ovata (B. & W.! 1. c. p. 109); branches glabrous, twigs mi-—
nutely downy ; leaves petioled, ovate, obovate or rou with a recurved
obsoletely-crenulate margin, glandular beneath, rather large, punctate,
glabrous or the upper downy; peduncles axillary, one-flowered, soli-
tary or in pairs, equalling the leaf or shorter; parm age ovate, obtuse ;
sterile filaments ciliolate; style glabrous; capsule rough with glands,
the sub-acute horns half as long as the capsule. Diosma ovata, Thunb. !
es p.227. Willd.! Sp. p.1139. Bueco ovata, R. § Sch. Drege, 7081,
Boma bee | : cee a

Vak. a; leaves ovate, sub-acute, with sub-recurved margins ; pedunc. —
glabrous. Diosma pulchella, Houtt. L. Pl. Syst. 3. p. 288, t. 21, fs 2

Var. 8.; leaves obovate-oblong, obtuse, flat ; pedunc. glabrous.

|
|
|
7
‘
|
|
|
}

896 RUTACEE (Sond.) [Barosma.

Var. ¥.; leaves obovate, obtuse; peduncles minutely pubescent. D.
ovata, Andr. Bot. Rep. t. 464. Bot. Mag. t. 1616. DO.1. ¢. p. 714.
Bucco ovata, Wendl. Coll, t. 20.

Var. 6.; leaves cuneate, roundish or elliptical, 5-nerved; peduncles
glabrous. D. punctata, Lichtenst.!—R. & Sch. l. c. p. 461. B. graveo-
lens, EH. & Z.! 804.

Has. var a, among stones on the Zwarteberg, near Caledon Baths; and on the
Vanstaadenberg, Uit.; 8, in Duyvelsbosch ; y, near Gnadendahl ; 5, Duyvelsbosch
and ogee Thunberg! E.&Z.! Dreye.! (Herb. Thunb., Wendl.,r. Ber. Lehm.,
Sond.

One or two feet high, erect, much branched, and ramulose. Leaves erecto-patent,
opposite, very rarely alternate, coriaceous, 3-6 lines long, flat on both sides, dull
green above, shining, pale green beneath, and multi-punctate, the broader 5 nerved ;
petiole 1-2 lines long. Cal. lobes 3 line long. Petals white, 2 lines long. Fert.
filaments glabrous. Capsule 4 lines long.—Thunberg’s specimens nearly all belong
to our var 3.

9. B. oblonga (E. & Z.! 810); branches glabrous, twigs minutely
downy; leaves opposite, oblong or elliptical-oblong, sub-acute, obtusely
mucronulate, with sub-recurved, obsoletely glandular-crenulate margins,
glabrous or the uppermost downy, minutely punctate underneath; pe-
duncles axillary, one-flowered, solitary or in pairs, mostly shorter than
the leaf; calyx-lobes lanceolate, obtuse; sterile fil. ciliate; style gla-
brous; capsule rough-glanded, with sub-acute horns half its length.
Diosma oblonga, Thunb.! Cap. p. 227. RB. and Sch. p. 460. B. Ecklon-
tana, Barth. Lin. 17. p. 363.

Has. Cape, Thunberg/ Among stones and shrubs on the Vanstaadensberg mits.,
E.&Z.! Zey.! 2137. Aug-Sep. (Herb. Thunb., Lehm., Sond.)

A shrub having the habit of the preceding, with angular twigs. Leaves spread-
ing, shining above, pale green beneath, 4-6 lines long, 2-lines wide, one-nerved ; the
nerve gland-bearing below the point. Petiole 1 line long. Petals reddish under-
neath. Capsule as in B. ovata, but the horns longer.— near B, ovata, from
which it differs in the narrower, more oblong leaves, dotted. below with smaller
glands, calyx lobes twice as long, and petals scarcely twice as long as the calyx.

ranches very slender; leaves oblong, narrowed
few. B. pauciflora, E & Z.! 812.
See ome a tz,

a

Buvosina.] RUTACEZ (Sond.) 397

and branches 4-6 lines long, 2 wide, on the twigs, or on dwarf specimens, 2-3 lines
long, 1-1} wide, all narrower towards the obtuse point, pale and one-nerved beneath.
Petioles very short. Twigs leafy, floriferous towards the apex. Peduncles glabrous,
mostly longer than the leaf. Calyx 4 line long, glabrous or downy. Petals oblong,
2 lines long, white, reddish underneath. Stam. longer than the petals, the filaments
glabrous, 4 times longer than the sterile. Capsule 2 lines long, with erecto-patent
horns 1 line long.—The specimens with leaves mostly oblong constitute B. & W.’s
bio = macrophylla; and those with smaller and broader leaves their var B., micro-
ylla,

11. B. lanceolata (Sond.); branches mostly opposite or ternate ;
twigs very thinly pubescent ; leaves opposite ; lanceolate or linear, acute,
with recurved or revolute margins, glabrous or downy, sparsely punctate
beneath ; peduncles 1-4, one-flowered, axillary, equalling the leaves or
shorter ; calyx-lobes ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse ; ster. filaments hairy ;
style glabrous; capsule much longer than the calyx, glabrous, impressed-
glanded, its horns sub-acute and nearly half as long. Diosma lanceolata,
Lhunb.! Fl. Cap. p. 226.

Var, «. linifolia (B. & W.); leaves lanceolate, mucronate, with re-
curved margins and an obtuse or acute, straight point. D. dioica, Ker.
Bot. Mag. t. 582. B. dioica, B.d& W.! p. 114. E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

_ Var. 8. hamata (B. & W.); leaves mucronate, with revolute mar-
gins and a hooked point. Bucco hamata, Wendl.! pat. in Hb.

Var. y. Natalensis; leaves linear, sub-obtuse, with recurved glan-
dular-crenulate margins. B. Kraussiana, Buch.! in Krauss, Beytr. p. 40.

Var. 4. obtusifolia ; leaves linear, with revolute margins, obtusely
truncate or emarginate, often with a pellucid gland at the point. B.
angustifolia, B. & W.! p. 116. B. dioica, EB. & Z.! 816.

Has. Mountains of the Langekloof, near Wolwekraal, Thunberg! Kromme R.,
Kriss! y. on the Tafelberge, Natal, Krauss/ 3, woods at Adow, and Olifantshoek,
Vit. ; and near Grahamstown, &c. EF. d&Z./ Atherstone! Williamson! Zey./ 2155.
Aug.-Nov. (Herb. Thunb., Wendl., Meisn., Hook., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

A grayish-brown shrub, 1-3 feet high, with rodlike, glabrous branches. Leaves
Sometimes ternate, rarely on the young shoots sub-alternate, dull green abeve, paler
beneath, the lower spreading or reflexed, 6-8 lines long, 1 line wide, upper more
erect, incurved, mostly oblong-lanceolate, with short petioles. Flowers small, on _
capillary peduncles. Calyx minute, semiquinquefid ; petals 3-4 times as long, white,
reddish at back, few glanded. St. longer than the corolla, glabrous; the sterile fil.
3 Of fertile. Ovary glabrous, sometimes abortive. Capsule 2 lines long. It varies
in the same specimen with wider or narrower, obtuse or acute, downy or glabrous _
leaves. Ecklon gathered specimens with double-flowers, nearGrahamstown. =

12. B, pungens (E. Mey! in Hb. Drege); branches glabrous, twigs
pubescent, leafy ; Abe opposite, close-set, erecto-patent, lanceolate,
acuminate-pungent, mucronate, carinate-concave, very smooth above,
gland-dotted beneath, with thickened, glabrous or basally ciliate mar-
gins; peduncles axillary, 1-3, one-flowered, shorter than the leaves;
rescarcusene lanceolate, obtuse ; sterile filaments pubescent; style gla-

rous, .
aaa Zwarteberg, at the Klaarstrom, 3000f. 4000f. Drege./ July. (Herb., Lehm.,
ni : : ae
More than a foot high, with terete branches and twigs. Leaves froma broad
base, gradually narrowed to a very acute point, the lower 8-10 lines long, 1 line —
wide at base, ‘upper mostly 6 lines long, and incurved, one-nerved beneath, with

398 RUTACEE® (Sond.) [Barosma.

several rows of dots. Petioles very short. Pedunc. slender, ebracted, hairy or
glabrous, 3 lines long. Calyx 5-parted, the segments glandular at back, and tipped
with a gland, ciliate. Petals oblong, 13 lines long. Stamens scarcely longer than
the petals, the filaments glabrous; sterile 4 as long, gland-tipped. Style equalling
the stamens ; stigma obtuse.

18. B. microcarpa (Sond.); entirely clothed with a very short down ;
branches rod-like; leaves opposite or ternate, on the young shoots sub-
alternate, linear-oblong, obtuse, with revolute margins, sparsely glanded
beneath; peduncles 1-4, axillary, one-flowered, shorter than the leaves ;
calyx-lobes lanceolate, obtuse ; sterile filaments pubescent ; style downy ;
capsule scarcely longer than the calyx, very short-horned, glandular-
muricate at back.

Has. Gauritz river, and between Vanstaadensberg and Bethelsdorp, Uit., under

1ooof. Drege.! 7084. Dec. (Herb. Sond.) Z
More than a foot high, the primary stem as thick as a goose quill, yish-pubes-
cent. Branches erect, with spreading twigs. Leaves 4-5 lines long, 3-1 line wide,
obtuse, neither mucronate nor gland-tipped, erect or spreading, convex above from
the strongly revolute margin. Pedune. ebracteate, capillary, thickened upwards in
fruit. Calyx s-parted, the lobes 1 line long, downy within and without, and ciliate.
he : Petals oblong, twice as long as the calyx. Stamens scarcely longer than the petals 5
4 the fertile filaments glabrous; sterile } of petal, oblong, tipped with a minute gland.
Style equalling the stamens, to the middle or the apex downy ; stigma obtuse. Cap-
4 e scarcely more than a line long, the 5 carpels compressed, prominently-glanded >
horns erect, acute, very short.—Very similar to B. lanceolata. From B, foetidissima,

- which it resembles in foliage, it differs by inflorescence and calyx.

14. B. Niveni (Sond.); branches glabrous, twigs slender, downy near
the ends; leaves opposite, elliptical or oblong, acute at each end, flat,
or somewhat channelled toward the point, acutely-mucronulate, with
thickened glandular-crenulate margin, punctate beneath, softly downy
on both sides, nerveless ; peduncles awillary and terminal, 1-4, equ
or excelling the leaves, without bracts, downy; calyx downy, its lobes
oblong-lanceolate; sterile filaments linear, downy, tapering into a gla-
brous point; style pubescent.

Has. Interior regions, Niven! Rocky places on the Modderfonteinsberg, Roode-
berg and Ezelskop, 4000-s000f. Drege.! Nov. (Herb. Mart., Sond.)

A slender shrub, several feet high, with erecto-patent, opposite, ternate or whorled
branches and twigs, Leaves equalling the internodes, 3-4 lines long, 1} ek
nerved when young, the nerve gradually vanishing, bright green above, paler an
many-dotted beneath, thickened, but neither recurved nor revolute at the margin.
Peduncles 3-4 lines long. Calyx §-parted, its lobes downy on both sides, at length
Spreading, obtuse, 14 lines long. Petals oblong, not narrowed at base, white, reddish
at back, not much longer than the calyx. Stam. about as long as the pine or little

_ longer; the sterile filaments equalling the calyx. Style as long as the ste
Tn aspect not unlike an Adenandra. Allied to Agathosma by its pseudo-axillary 20
terminal peduncles ; but the leaves are always opposite.

Beek 8 Agsthommoides, B.¢ W.luc. p.118—-Siyle glabrous. Pe
__ duneles terminal, one-flowered, without bracts, sub-umbellate-crowded.
segments reflexed during flowering.

sima (B. & W.! 1. c.

) branches glabrescent, twigs very
, linear, with revolute margins, M1-_

Agathosma. | RUTACEZ (Sond.) 399

Has. Cape, cultivated in Europe (v.v. cult. and in Herb. Wendl.)

A slightly branched shrub, 2 feet high. Branches scattered or ternate, ascending,
sub-flexuous, terete, as thick as a pidgeon-quill, grayish, leafy ; the twigs 1-2-uncial,
filiform. Leaves ternate, rarely scattered, little longer than the internodes, mostly
horizontally patent, shortly petiolate, oblong-linear, or linear, impresso-punctate at
the margin, sparsely punctate beneath, 4-6 lines long, the lower 6-8 lines, 3-1 line
wide. Peduncles 8-10, equal, 4-6 times long, 2-3 times as long as the obtuse floral
leayes, minutely downy, as well as the calyx. Calyx gland-dotted, the segments one
line long, reflexed. Petals 4-1 longer than the calyx, oblong, obtuse, marked with
a pellucid gland under the apex, white. Stam. longer than the petals, with glabrous
filaments ; sterile fil. } as long as petals, linear-oblong, ciliate, narrowed to the point
and tipped with a small gland. Ovary glabrous. Style rather shorter than the
stamens.—Allied to B. microcarpa.

G~100 VIII. AGATHOSMA, Willd.

Calya 5-parted, with sub-unequal segments. Petals clawed. Fila-
ments 10, the 5 alternate petal-like. Style as long as the petals, or very
rarely longer; stigma obtuse. Capsule mostly 3-coccous, rarely 2~4-
coccous ; the cocci horned at the external angle. B. ¢ W..¢. p. 121.
Diosme, Sp. Linn., Thunb. ke.

Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite intermixed. Flowers at the ends of the
branches capitate or more commonly densely umbellate, in one species f
towards the ends of the branches, as in Barosma. Peduncles short or long, one-
flowered, mostly 2-bracted in the middle. Sterile filaments sometimes much ex-
panded and like the petals, and as long, mostly inserted on the disc at the base of
the petals, very rarely connate with the claw. The name is derived from aya(os,
good, and ocun, a smell.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. Barosmoides.—Inflorescence of Barosma. Petals with long claws.
II. Capitato-racemosee.—Flowers crowded in a dense, capitate-raceme.
Calye angular, Leaves hairy. Style elongate ... (2) hirta
TIT. Alares.—Umibels sessile or pedunculate in the forking of the
branches. Petals clawed. (Sp. 3-6.)
(a.) Leaves of two forms ; the lower lanceolate : a.
upper I te-subcordate, with glabrousedges (3
upper ernie os with villous edges ... - (4) affinis.
(b.) Leaves uniform : ee
l keeled, gibbous at the point ; : fe
grote. sae Sue = ee ee ee (5) leptospermoides.
lws. ovate. —— flat, not gibbous ; style ©

ore oe oes -- oo oor woe wee

leaves subcordate-ovate, acute, not thick-edged, ciliate (10) cephalotes,
margin ome (7) involucrate, —
3-cornered, the : thickened... oe
lvs. lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate, with incurved points (8) sabulosa, =

400 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Agsthosma.

V. Psendostemon.—Sterile-filaments villous, attached to the claws of
the petals. (Sp. 11-13.)
Flowers capitate :
leaves lanceolate, keeled, 3-angled, obtuse, scab-

rous ; ster.-fil. fili filiform .." 3. ... (11) collina.
lvs. ovate-oblong, channelled and gibbous at point, i
ciliato-pilose ; ster.-fil. dilated, petaloid ... (52) Schlechtendalii.
Flowers in a few-flowered, dense wmbel ao. ee 113)

VI. Diplopetalum.—Sterile- filaments like the petals, as long and
Free. (Sp. 14-27.)
(a.) Leaves linear-oblong :

obtuse, sharply keeled, ciliate... ... (14) umbellata.
sub-obtuse, convex-keeled ; ;pedunce. and calyx ciliated (16) anomala.
sub-acute, round- backed, srg — and

calyx glabrous ... ws sss (15) lediformis.
(0.) Leaves linear ;
= Hlowert-capitate 222.0 is ee a ee. eee (91) Dregeams.
flowers umbellate :
leaves flat :
peduncles hirsute ; petals narrow ; ster.-fil.
notglanded_—... «» ... (24) filipetala.
peduncles glabrous ; pet. oblong ; 3; ster.-fil.
externally glandular... +»... (25) linifolia.
leaves channelled, more or less three-angh :
twigs with prominent glands s+ ee ss (17) monticola,
twigs not glanded :

petals not much longer than the calyx .... (19) parviflora.
twice or thrice as long as the calyx:
leaves thickly gibbous at the apex... (23) gonaquensis.
leaves not gibbous at the apex ; quite glabrous:
claws of petals glabrous ; leaves obtuse (26) virgata.
claws of petals hairy ; leaves acute (27) commutata.
leaves not gibbous ; the margin and keel
ciliate, at length sub-glabrate :
claws of the sterile filaments ig (18) gracilicaulis.
claws of the sterile filaments pilose :
calyx lobes glabrous, longer than

the claws of petals .. ... ... (20) montana.
cal. lobes ciliate, as jong as the
petal-claws .... ..» es (22) nigromontana.

_ VIL Barosmopetale.— Flowers in dense umbels. Petals cuneate at
base, with a very short claw. Sterile-filaments short, thickish, sub-
filiform, or half cylindrical, gland-tipped. (Sp. 28-45.)

Leaves neither mucronate nor piliferous :

... (36) fraudulenta.

Agathosma. | RUTACEE (Sond.) 401

Leavés mucronate :
Ws. lin-lanceolate or lanceolate, downy ... ... (39) gnidioides.
tvs. oblong-acute, downy beneath, straight-pointed (40) barosmoides.
lvs. ovate-oblong, acute, glabrous, hook-pointed (41) acutifolia.
ivs. ovate, cuspidate, spine-pointed, glabrous, im-
brine 8 Ane Pe RO RO eee ey ani.
lws. cordate-ovate, spine-pointed, downy beneath, :
Spreading 56 (5 "a i oa et a) ne
ls. ellip.-rounded, with a short, obtuse, straight
mucro ate WE as ke oy ene eS) OREN,
lvs. rounded, with a short, acute, recurved mucro (44) mucronata.
Leaves tipped with a long hair :
ls. ovate-subcordate, with reflexed edges ; pedunc. :
equalling calyx |... ... ws. as oes ve (34) apiculate, :
lvs. oblong-elliptical, flat ; pedune. 3-4 times i
longer than the calyx SE wig. Whe caipies Aab) Dees
VILL. Imbricates,—Zeaves, at least the upper ones, densely imbri-
cate, ovate, or roundish-ovate, acuminate. Flowers sub-umbellate-
capitate. Petals with a capillary claw, and a roundish limb. — Sterile
Jilaments short. (Sp. 46-48.)
leaves roundish-ovate, obtuse, underneath gland-tubercled (46) squamosa.
lvs. roundish-ovate, cuspidate, tomentose underneath ... (47) lycopodioides. ~}-
tvs. ovate, acuminate, ciliate or pubescent ... ... ... (48) imbricata. 7

_ IX. Eu-agathosme.—Flowers terminal, umbellate or sub-capitate.
Petals with long claws, the claw equalling or exceeding the calyx ;
lamina oblong. Sterile filaments free, equalling or exceeding the calyx,
mostly filiform. Leaves, in the broad-leaved species, not imbricate.
(Sp. 49-100.)

A. Leaves roundish, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate. (Sp. 49~79.)

* Flowers umbellate: _
limb of the petals sub-cordate at base ..._ ... (56) latipetala.
' limb of the petals ‘oblong, narrowed at base: Sie
Leaves, at least the upper, imbricate or appressed: —

lvs. ovate or ovate-oblong, not ciliate ; pe- ‘igi ees
dunc. hairy ... ... ers oe ... (59) tenuis. ¢
dvs. oblong, or ov.-oblong, ; pedune. .
glandular heeesi't eo gsr (58) Propingus,
lvs. ovate-lanceo! or -, hairy be- ~
neath ; arin ei rin ; pedunc. equal (66) Ventenatiana.
ws. lanceolate, hai beneatbs incurved at : eee ee ee
point ; pedwne. unequal... ... -.. (67) villosa. ae
Leaves spreading or reflexed : ie
leaves lanceolate, at the- apex beneath gib- 0-4), ee
& bous, 3-angled oe aoe wae oe fee hd (69) serpyllacea. SG) 5 b=
Leaves not gibbous at the apex: -.. : Chl,
leaves roundish, flat .. (49) orbicularis. \

ivs. elliptic, sub-concave ; peduncles glabrous (50) minuta. OF) daa ;
tvs. oval o obovate, at; pene. a. (51) thymifolia. . . WAS gs
lvs. cordate-ovate, flat, pubescent ; cee
oe ial ke Fede ws Saye ... (§2) glandulosa, =

402 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

vs. ovate-oblong, or obl. ge goa
vetty, not rugulose ; claw pe oe
glabrous Sen Ok: SNA, use as) ten. . (QB)
ws. oblong, sub-acute, pubescent on both
sides, 3 lines long ; peduncles pubescent (57) elegans.
ws. oblong, obtuse, glabrous, 1-14 lines :
long}; pedune. glabrous... ..._... (60) microphylla.
ls. obl.-lanceolate, flat, 2-3 lines long ; :
claws of petals as long as the calyx ... (61) florida.
ws, ovato-lanceolate, 5—10 lines long, Salers
recurved margins, ciliate ; claws of pe- ,
tals equalling the calyx... ... .... (64) ciliata. a:
Ws. oblong-lanceolate, or lanceolate, flat-
tish ; the claw of the petals thrice as
Jong as the calye <..- 5 4. auctein
lvs. oblong-lanceolate, acute, flattish above,
keeled beneath, 2~3 lines long ; pedun-
UNE FR ie ee ea
ls. ovato-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acu-
minate, concave and keeled, 3—4 lines = es
long, peduno, hairy ...,. inc. sos = oes (65) ambigua, (02.
Ws. lanceolate, acute, flat above, keeled, “
2-3 lines long ; peduncles villous ... (63) Thunbergiana. °

** Flowers capitate :
leaves lanceolate, pungent, channelled, acute!
WON er a a = (70) lancifolia.

(68) barosmeefolia,

(62) cerefolium. ':\.)\»

B. Leaves narrow, linear lanceolate or linear, 4-10 lines long, (Sp. 71-85.)

Leaves long, linear, quasi-filiform (revolute margins 2) acerosa.
Leaves linear or lin. lanceolate, me ’ Re”
ls. ; peduncles glandular ... ... ... (71) j iperifolia,
ls. hairy-pilose; peduncles glabrous... ... os a img
Leaves linear nerve-keeled, and bisulcate below (with thick edges) :
minutely downy ; cal. lobes ovate, obtuse ; petals

WOUDEOD Fee ie a ae ee (74) bisulea,
pubescent-hispid ; cal. lobes linear lanceolate ;
petals oblong ... — (75) hispida.

Leaves linear, or lanceolate-subulate, keeled, not bisulcate :
twigs and the recurved-patent leaves glabrous (81) melaleucoides.

twigs pubescent or hairy ;
sterile-fil. linear-oblong, with a gland below
the apex... nin ohn ie cans (77) robusta.
sterile-fil. with a terminal gland ;
_ pedune. shorter than the calyx or as long ;

lvs. ciliate ; sterile-fil. cilizte

Agathosma. | RUTACEZ (Sond.) ~ 403

C. Leaves small li oblong or lanceolate or sub-linear, 3-cornered, flat
above « slightly hoouiea Babe often ‘jew Jlowered fig estan capitate. de

Flowers capitate :

twigs downy ; leaves glabrous, ciliate ... ... (88) capitata.
branches, leaves and calyx roughly tubercled ... (94) asperifolia.
Flowers umbelled, 2 or 3 or more times longer than the calyx :
twigs pubescent or hairy ;
ee bluntly keeled, pubes-
lvs. narrow, obtuse. bluntly kee
cent-scabri: ut git i a oe vs (86) patula.
vs. narrow, incurved-pointed, margin an
keel ciliate Mel NA Veo i eee A eee
vs. oblong-linear, obtuse, glabrous... ... (89) erecta, +
lvs. ovate or ovate-oblong, velvetty ... ... (93) fastigiata,
decumbent or prostrate ; ;

lvs, many-dotted below ; twig-pubescence
SL ype ics oe ete rey eee lee re ee
lus. few-dotted below ; twig-pubescence re- ;
versed pak ss Gas on eee ee a
twigs and leaves glabrous ; peduncles downy ... (90) chortophila.
twigs, leaves and peduncles quite glabrous:
lvs. spreading, opp. and alternate, keeled ;
; stem 2-3 uncial «ws... Yee
vs. imbricate, alternate, convex eath ;
Wey Se ok ® glabrate. > as
D. Leaves small (2-3 lines long), thick or thickish, oblong or linear-oblong, very ob-
tuse, convex beneath, serrata 6 migasewre short, terminal three-cornered gib-
bosity, slightly furrowed or concave above. (Sp. 97-100.) ,
Leaves quite glabrous :
peduncles 2-3 times as long as the calyx ; claws
iin... lod teen
pedunc. 4-6 times as long as the calyx; claws of
petals gtabrous ..\. sus ae as, ae elata, ee
calyx ovate-acute, villoso-ciliate... ... ... ... (98) sedifolia.
calyx lanceolate, glabrous... ... ... ... +. (97) florulenta.

Cee

Section. I. Barosmoides. Inflorescence as in Barosma. Petals with
longish claws, (Sp. 1.) ee 5

1, A. tabularis (Sond.) ; twigs pubescent ; leaves ovate, glandular-
crenate, quite cite Se ieee h; peduncles one-flowered, 2
or 3 together in the axils of the upper leaves, simulating a long, leafy
taceme ; claws of the petals filiform, glabrous, equalling the calyx.
Barosma pulchella, BE, & Z.! ex pte.

“a Between stones on the top of the Table-mountain, Ecklon? Nov, (Herb.

; by 4

obtuse, with lange dorsal glands, and naked margins.

404 RUTACE (Sond.) [A gathosma,

calyx, glabrous, with an oblong, obtuse lamina. Fertile filaments as long as the
petals, glabrous or sparsely hairy ; sterile linear-filiform, equalling the claws of the
petals, ciliate, not gland-tipped. Carpels mostly 3. Style glabrous, equalling the
stamens ; stigma obtuse.

Srot, IL. Capitato-racemosee. lowers crowded at the end of the
branches, simulating an ovate, leafy raceme. Calyx angular. Leaves
hairy. Style elongate. (Sp. 2.)

2. A hirta (B. & W. lc. p. 188); twigs pubescent ; leaves imbri-
cate, with spreading or recurved points, lanceolate or ovato-lanceolate,
acuminate, concave and glabrous above, convex beneath, impresso-punc-
tate, and pilose; flowers racemoso-subcapitate; pedicels angular up-
wards, glabrous; calyx-lobes keeled, villous-bearded at the apex ; petals
thrice as long as the calyx, the claw villous within, limb obovate ;
sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx, narrow linear, villous, gla-
brous-pointed ; ovary pilose, style glabrous. Diosma hirta, Lam.! Encye.
2, p. 286. Bucco hirta, R. § Sch. Syst. V. p. 446. A. biophylla, EB. & Z.!
861. Bartl. Linn. 17, p. 373. ‘aiels :

Peseta petra ! fend aes = the Vanstaaden Mts. ie dt

. 2166. Ston: es near Port Elizabeth, ! 2164. Drege, 5 .-Feb.
(Herb, Lam., 3 Pose. T.C.D., Sond.) las cies

_A shrub, 2 feet high or more, with terete branches, and crowded, sub-angular and
pale, sub-umbellate, short twigs. Leaves 3-5 lines long, 1 line wide, close-set on
the branches and twigs, short-stalked, appressed at base, then spreading or
lanceolate, triangular-keeled at the point, softly hairy beneath, the hairs springing
from glands. lowers numerous, in the axils of the uppermost leaves ; pedunc. 2-
bracted, epialling the floral leaves. Calyx 1 line long, turbinate, acutely 5-angled,
the lobes oblong, obtuse, ciliate. Petals white or reddish, the slender claw rather
longer than the calyx, the limb narrowed at base, not glanded. Ster.-filaments
wider upwards, gland-tipped ; fertile longer than the petals, pilose below. Style
nearly twice as long as the petals ! Carpels 3 or 4, about 24 lines long, impresso-
punctate at back, with short blunt horns.—It varies with shorter, wider and gla-

brescent leaves, A. villosa, Willd. is readily distinguished by its narrower, keeled
leaves, with incurved points, inflorescence, &e.

Secr. IIL Alares. Flowers umbellate-aggregate ; umbels sessile or
pedunculate in the forks of the branches. Petals clawed. Ster.-filaments
villous (in one sp. unknown). (Sp. 3-6.)

8. A. alaris (Cham. & Schl. Linn. 5, p. 56); twigs scarcely downy ;
lower leaves lanceolate from an ovate base, the rameal broadly ovate or
sub-cordate, glabrous-margined ; umbels axillary ; pedicels bibracteolate

ee in the middle ; calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse; petals obovate-oblong; ster.-

1 SAE Cane, Svescs h Maire! CElech x
eS tn a. hang aire! (Herb. r. Berol.)

filaments very villous; style glabrous,

» than a foot high, erect; the branches or twigs in threes or fours, leafy.
sub-imbricate, petiolate, thickish, with a thick nerve beneath, glandularly

Agathosma.] RUTACEE (Sond.) 405.

4. A. affinis (Sond.); twigs downy ; lower leaves lanceolate, rameal

oblong, villoso-ciliate, all sub-carinate, with incurved points; umbels

axillary, the pedicels 2-bracted in the middle ; calyx-lobes ovate, ob-
tuse ; petals oblong ; the sterile filaments villous ; style glabrous.

Haz. Zwarteberg, at Vrolyk, in wet, mountain places, Drege/ Aug. (Herb. Sond.)

_ Very like the preceding, from which it may be known by the much narrower (2

lines long, 3 line wide) rameal leaves, not cordate at base, villous, especially toward

the point, the shorter pedicels, the fertile filaments altogether glabrous, the rather
longer sterile, and the style longer than the stamens.

5. A. leptospermoides (Sond.); twigs downy; leaves all equal, ovate
keeled, gibbous under the point, the younger villoso-ciliate, the umbels
axillary and lateral; pedicels 2-bracted at base; calyx lobes ovate, ob-
tuse; petals elliptic-oblong; sterile filaments villous ; style pilose. A.
aprculata, E. Mey.! non G.F. Mey. in B. & W.?!

Has. Clayey hills, at Port Elizabeth and by the Vanstaaden River, Drege! Dee.-
Jan. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.)

A shrub, several feet high, with 2-3-chotomous, reddish, leafy branches. Leaves
sub-imbricate, petiolate, ovate, acute at each end, 3 lines long, 2 wide, glabrous, with
4 prominent nerve, gibbous under the tip, with a single row of glands at nerve and
margin beneath, the younger villoso-ciliate near the point. Umbels many flowered,
pedunculate on a very short branchlet ; pedicels minutely pubescent, 2-bracted at
the very base, 2 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, the segments keeled, obtuse, ciliate.

Petals 2 lines long, the hairy claw as long as the limb or longer. Fert. filaments
very hairy, longer than the petals ; sterile linear-filiform, equalling the petals, gla-
brous and gland-bearing at the point. Style equalling the stamens. Capsules 2-3,
Sub-compressed, glabrous, not conspicuously glandular, pubescent at top, 2 lines
long, with a short horn,

6. A. pentachotoma (E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege) ; twigs scarcely downy ;
all the leaves equal, ovate, acuminate, flat, glabrous, glandular-denticu-
late ; umbels axillary ; pedicels very short; calyx segments ovate, acute;
petals... . . ; style glabrous. : ee

Has. Dutoit’s Kloof, 2000-3000 f., Drege/ Oct.Jan. (Herb. Sond.)

A slender shrub, 2 feet or more high ; branches in threes, fours or fives, reddish,
glabrous. Lower leaves remote, upper closer ; the lower 3 lines, the rameal 2 lines
long, shortly acuminate, the midrib scarcely prominent beneath, the margins spa-
ringly glandular. Flowers less numerous than in the preceding, and on shorter pedi-
cels. Calyx deeply divided, the segments 1 line long, ciliated. Style glabrous, 2 lines
long. Capsule 2 lines long ; cocci 3-4, round-backed, glabrous, with a marginal row
of prominent glands ; horn short. ae ie.

Sror. IV. Involucrate. Flowers crowded at the end of the branch-
lets ; sub-capitate, on short peduncles or sub-sessile ; heads involucrate.
nner leaves of the involucre somewhat coloured. (Sp. 7-10.) —

7. A. involucrata (E. & Z.! 858) ; twigs downy ; leaves ovate-oblong
or ovate-lanceolate, concave-channelled above, convex beneath, scabro-
puberulous, gibbous under the tip; flowers sub-sessile, capitate, the inner —
leaves of the involucre broadly obovate, apiculate, coloured, with mem~
branous margins ; calyx lobes linear, the claw of the petals equalling
the calyx ; sterile filaments narrow-linear, wide in the middle, pilose,
tapering into a glabrous apex. Bartl. Linn. 17, P. 380. A. ceph

E. Mey.! in Hb. oo ea

406 RUTACEE (Sond) —[ Agathosma.

Has. In sandy places, Berg-valley, Clanw., Niven, E. § Z./ Between Bergevallei
and ei, at Zwartbastkraal, Drege! Sep.-Nov. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.)

A shrub, 2-3 f. high, erect, branching, with crowded, sub-fastigiate twigs. Leaves
on very short petioles, sub-imbricate, thick-edged, gland-dotted beneath, 3-angled at
the point, 23-3 lines long. Heads 4-6 lines in diameter. Outer invol. leaflets like
the leaves, but villoso-ciliate, inner (about 10) in two rows, 2} lines long, broadly
obovate, membranous and purplish, with a lanceolate, acute, green middle, minutely
xara villoso-ciliate ; the inmost ones smaller, narrower and more evidently ciliate.

alyx s-partite, the segments linear, 14 lines long, sub-obtuse, villous at point. Pe-
tals twice as long as the calyx, the linear claw sub-ciliate, the linear-oblong limb ob-
tuse. Fert. fil. equalling the petals, glabrous ; sterile narrowed at base and apex.

Ovary and style glabrous.

8. A. sabulosa (Sond.); twigs downy; leaves lanceolate or linear-
lanceolate, incurved at point, concave-channelled above, convex-keeled
beneath, minutely and thickly pubescent; flowers shortly pedunculate,
capitate; inner involucral leaves somewhat coloured, ovate-oblong, or
oblong-spathulate, ciliate; calyx-lobes oblong, shorter than the claw of
the petals; sterile filaments narrow-linear, hairy from base to the
middle. :

Has. Interior regions, Niven! (Herb. Sond.)
“ Very like the preceding. It differs in the longer leaves (4-5 lines long, 1 line wide),
incurved at point and with an inconspicuous gibbus ; but chiefly in the twice as nar-
row, not broadly margined, and less coloured inner involucral leaves, more evidently
pedicellate flowers and long clawed petals.

9. A. Hookeri (Sond.); twigs pubescent; leaves imbricate, linear,
with straight, blunt points and involute margins, rownd-backed, havry ;
flowers short-stalked, capitate; inner involucral leaves somewhat
coloured, clawed, elliptical, acute, ciliate; calyx-lobes spathulate, acute,
ciliate; claw of the petals equalling the calyx or longer; sterile fila-
ments narrow-linear, glabrous at base and apex, hairy in the middle.

Has, Cape. (Hb. Hooker!)

Known from the preceding by its linear, nearly terete leaves, with strongly involute
a About a foot high, 2-3-chotomous, with naked branches and very
ide Leaves 4-5 lines long, } line wide, on petioles 1 line long, ciliate, bluntly

, with two rows of glands, covered with short, spreading hairs, the uppermost
dilated at base, membranous, and forming an outer involucre. Heads }-inch diameter.
Outer leaves of the inner involucre broadly obovate, membranous, scarious, mucro-
nulate under the apex, 3 lines long, inner as long, clawed, the glabrous claw longer

than the limb. Peduncles glabrous, 1 line long, 2 bracted below the calyx. Cal. 2

lines long, the lobes spathulate, narrowed at base. Petals on long claws, the limb
short, oblong or obovate, Fert. filaments glabrous, longer than the petals; sterile

10. A. cephalotes (E. Mey! b., in Hb. Drege); twigs pubescent ;
leaves ovate-subcordate, pot elisa above, Cia beset, gib-
bous at tip, pubescent and ciliate; flowers sub-sessile, capitate; inner
leaves of the involucre coloured, obovato-cuneate, cuspidate, the inmost
apiculate and ciliate; calyx-lobes linear, obtuse; claws of the petals
long; sterile filaments glabrous at the point.
: ce Seashoe Bergevalei and Langevalei, at Zwartbastkraal, Drege! Nov. (Herb.
6-12 inches high, with crowded branches. Leaves sub-imbricate, 3-4 lines long,
2-3 lines wide, with a very - dotted
St Wat oy sheet el dara aor, many

Pe EY ee ey NO

Agathosma. | RUTACEH (Sond.) 407

under the tip. Outer invol. leaflets very like the leaves, but longer and more acumi-
hate, inner in two rows, -canescent outside, as long as the flowers. Calyx-lobes
oe bearded at point. Petals 2 lines long. The rest of the flower as in A. in-

Szor. 5. Pseudostemon. Sterile filaments villous, connate with the
claw of the petals at base or in the middle. Flowers terminal-capitate
or umbellate aggregate. (Sp. 11-13).

11, A. collina (E. & Z.! 860); twigs hairy; leaves imbricate, thickish,
keeled-three-angled, obtuse, little incurved at the point, scabrous beneath ;
flowers capitate, the peduncles equalling the calyx; calyx-lobes ovate-
oblong, obtuse, ciliate; petals twice as long as the calyx, with a villous
claw ; sterile filaments linear-filiform, villous, glabrous at point and
gland-tipped, adnate with the claws of the petals to the middle. A. gra-
veolens, Meisn.! in Fl. 247. 1. p. 302.

Has. Hills near Swellendam, Mundt./ Mountain sides near Genadenal, Krauss,

Thom. Oct.-Dec. (Hab. Meisn., Hook., Lehm., Sond.)

A foot or more high, with erect, crowded branches and twigs, the ultimate short,
yellowish. Leaves 5-6 farious, imbricate, erect, lanceolate or linear-oblong, 3-angled,
channelled above, scabrous beneath and at the margin, 1}-2 lines long. Petiole
eed short. Heads densely flowered, 3-4 lines in diameter ; the peduncles glabrous,
with linear, ciliate bracts at the apex. Calyx 1 line long, its lobes keeled, with mem-
branous, ciliate margins. Petals white, 14 lines long, with oval-oblong limb and a

capillary, villous claw slightly longer than the calyx. Fertile filaments as long as
the petals, pilose ; sterile shorter ; style equalling the stamens.—In drying this turns
dull green or blackish. It varies with leaves at length glabrate, and limb of the
petals obovate or elliptical.

12. A. Schlechtendalii (Sond.); twigs glabrous, hairy at the base of
the petiole ; leaves ovate-oblong, or oblong, acute, glabrous above, beneath
at the keel and margin ciliato-pilose, gibbous at tip; flowers capitate ;
peduncles shorter than the calyx; calyx-lobes oblong-lanceolate, with
naked margins; petals twice as long as the calyx, with villous claws ;
sterile filaments dilated upwards, petaloid, with villous, filiform bases,
and connate with the claws of the petals. Diosma eriantha, Steud./
#1. 1830. p. 550. A. serpyllacea, latifolia, Schl. Linn. 6. p. 205. A.
Schlechtendaliana, E. & Z., ex pte. ee
~ Has. Calcareous hills between the Breede and Duyvenhoeks rivers, Swell., Z.&Z./

, Sond.)
A robust, much branched shrub, with branches and twigs aggregate-umbellate,
short, pale. -2 lines long, 1 line wide, densely sub-imbricate, erect, chan-
ee eS nee one adr Looied with & raised norve end furnished

in the middle, Fert. ts longer than the petals, pilose ;
oblong, gland-bearing below the point, shorter. Style equalling the petals, glabrous.
2 lines long; carpels 2-3, glandular at back, with a straight horn.

13, A. humilis (Sond.); twigs pubescent; leaves imbricate, erecto-
patent, lanceolate, ae above, glabrous, conver and pubescent
beneath; flowers in few-flowered, dense umbels; peduncles equalling

408 RUTACE (Sond.) [ Agathosma,

the leaves, pubescent as well as the calyx; cal. lobes lanceolate-oblong,
obtuse; petals with pilose claws, bearing the sterile filaments in their
middle ; the limb ovate-oblong ; ovary 2-coccous, pubescent ; style pilose.

Has. Rocky places on the Blaawberg, 4000 to 5000 f., Drege./ Dec.-Jan. (Herb.
Sond.) ;

A very dwarf shrub, 3-4 inches high, much branched, with crowded bi-uncial,
twiggy branches. Leaves 21 lines long, 3 line wide, close on the branches and
twigs, short-petioled, narrowed from a wider base, glabrous or thinly pilose above,
clothed with patent hairs beneath; the younger with longer hairs. Flowers 4-10,
at the ends of the branchlets; the peduncles slender, villous, equalling the leaves.
Calyx-lobes unequal, 1 line long. Petals white, thrice as long as the calyx. Capsule
minutely pubescent, 2 lines long.

Sect. 6. Diplopetalum. Sterile-filaments resembling the petals, and
equally long or longer. Flowers terminal, pedunculate, closely umbellate
or capitate. (Sp. 14-27).

14, A. umbellata (Sond.); twigs glabrous; leaves imbricate, linear-
oblong or linear-lanceolate, obtuse, acutely-keeled, sub-incurved at the
point, ciliate; umbel many flowered, the peduncles glabrous, longer than
the leaves ; calyx-lobes not ciliate ; sterile filaments equalling the petals,
pilose at base, mostly gland-bearing below the apex. D. wmbellata,
Thunb.! Cap. p. 224. D. bifida, Jacq.! Coll. 3. t. 20. f. 1. Ag. bifida,
B.§ W.! 1. ce. p. 152. EL. Mey.! in Hb. Drege, b. (nona). A. bifida & ser-
ruriefolia, E. & Z. 855. 856. ce

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Hills between Caledon and Genadendal, and on sand ©
dunes by the shore, near the mouth of the Klynrivier and Cape L’Agulhas, £. Z./ _
Babylon’s Toorenberg and Hott. Holl. in steep places, Zey/ 2172. Franschehoeks- —
Kloof, Drege,’ Nov.-Feb. (Herb. Thunb., Willd., Lehm., Sond.) i

An erect shrub, 1-2 feet high, the branches rough with leaf-scars ; twigs crowded, ~
1-3 uncial. Leaves close-set, erect, concave above, prominently nerved beneath,
punctate at margin, 5-6 lines long, 3-1 line wide, the younger and upper piloso-ciliate,
older glabrate. Petiole 4-3 line long. Umbel larger than in other species, Pe-
duncles purple, 4-6 lines long, 2-bracted above the base. Calyx 1} line long; its =~
segments very unequal, linear-oblong, glabrous, gland-dotted at back. Petals white; = =

brous, twice as long as the calyx, linear-oblong, with narrow, pilose claws. Fert. =
fil. shorter than the petioles, glabrous. Carpels 3, pilose at top. Style equalling the
stamens, glabrous.—It varies in the length of the claws of the petals and staminodia,
whose limbs are either glanded or glandless.

_ 15, A. lediformis (FE. & Z. 854); twigs glabrous, leaves imbricate,
linear-oblong, or lanceolate-attenuate, sub-acute, concave above, convex
beneath, glabrous-margined ; umbel many flowered ; peduncles glabrous,
longer than the leaves, calyx-lobes glabrous-margined ; sterile filaments
| ing the glabrous petals, pilose at base, glandless at the point.
Bartl. Iinn. 17. p. 372. A. bifida, E. Mey.! c. : .

s Bas In heathy ground near Brackfontein, Clan., Z.@Z.! Oct. (Herb. Lehm., —

_ Very like the ing. It differs by its round-backed, not keeled leaves, more
equably acute, eden petals and sterile filaments, Perhaps a mere variety?

16. A anomala (E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege); twigs pubescent or sub-
glabrous; leaves imbricate, linear-oblong, Scotia above, con- —
veu-keeled beneath, glabrous-margined ; umbel many flowered ; peduncles |
villous, equalling the leaves or rather longer; calyx-lobes ciliate; petals

po
*

oS longer. 4,

Agathosma.| RUTACEE (Sond.) : ~ 409

pilose ;" filaments pilose, the sterile as long and thrice as broad as the
petals, and like them with a gland below the apex; ovary glabrous;
style pilose, A. anomala & A. bifida? d., E. Mey. in Hb. Drege,

Has. Mountain at Stellenbosch, and at Dutoitskloof, 3000-4000 f. Drege! Oct.-
Jan. (Herb. Sond.)

A shrublet with glabrous branches and reddish, crowded twigs. Leaves dense,
glabrous, with 2-3 rows of glands beneath, 4-5 lines long, 1 line wide or wider ; pe-
tiole 1 line long. Umbel smaller than in the preceding, the peduncles 2 lines long,
with 2 linear, ciliated bracts. Calyx 14 lines long, the segments ovate-lanceolate,
ciliate, glandular at back. Petals on long glabrous or pilose claws; limb oblong,
hairy. Sterile filaments petaloid. Carpels 3.

17. A. monticola (Sond.); twigs glabrous, with raised glands; leaves
imbricate, linear, sub-acute, keeled, 3-angled, the younger ciliate, the adult
minutely toothed; umbel many flowered ; peduncles pilose, longer than
the leaves ; calyx-segments oblong, ciliate; petals on long claws, gla-
brous, glandless ; fertile filaments glabrous, sterile as wide and as long
as the petals, gland-bearing below the apex, the claw hairy; ovary
Setose; style glabrous.

Has. Hills near Caledon, and at Zwartberg, Zey./ 2170. Nov. (Herb. Sond.)

A slender shrublet, 2 feet high, with long branches and short, crowded twigs.
Leaves crowded on the twigs, erect, short-stalked, thickish, quite glabrous, 3-4 lines
long, } line wide ; upper or floral ones } as long. Peduncles 2-3 lines long. Calyx-
lobes unequal, 1 line long. Petals more than twice as long, the capillary claw with
@ gland at its summit, and a few hairs at the base, longer than the obovate, obtuse
limb. Sterile filaments quite like the petals.

18. A. gracilicaulis (Sond.); twigs rather hairy, glandless; leaves
erect, alternate or sub-opposite, linear, sub-acute, complicate-carinate,
villoso-ciliate, at length glabrate, punctate beneath ; umbel many flowered;
- peduncles glabrous, rather longer than the leaves; calyx-lobes ovate at
base, ciliate, acuminate-subulate, keeled, and tipped with an obtuse gland ;
the petals twice as long as the calyx, and the fertile filaments glabrous;
sterile as long, and half as broad as the petals, with a glabrous claw ;
ovary pilose; style glabrous. ee oe” a and
Haz. Stony mountain places near Riv. Zonder Ende, Zey./ 2167. (Hb. Sond.)}
A very idence shrabin 1-2 feet high ; branches virgate, glabrous ; twigs short,
sparingly pilose. Lower leaves sometimes opposite, the rest alternate, longer than
the internodes, less crowded than in the p ing, 4-5 lines long, } line wide. Pe-
uncles z lines long. Calyx segments membrane-edged at base, Petals with a
filiform claw, rather shorter than the calyx, and an oblong limb. Carpels 3, the
younger pilose at top, adult glabrous. Style equalling the stamens. Capsule little |
Jonger than the calyx; the carpels punctate, with short straight beak. .
19. A. parviflora (B. & W.1.c. p. 181); branches virgate, glabrous ;
‘twigs filiform, To aie erecto-patent, narrow-linear, egeeitaon
mucronulate, glabrous, concave above, convex-keeled beneath ; : owers
10-15 in a dense umbel; peduncles equalling or surpassing the leaves ;
calyx-segments glabrous, lanceolate, keeled, petals a little longer than ec
calyx, with glabrous claws, and obovate-oblong, spreading, recurve
limb ; ster. filaments quite like the petals, glabrous; carpels 2; style
glabrous. Diosma parviflora, Willd.! relig. in R. § Sch. Syst. v. p. 462.
Var. 8. glabrata; twigs and peduncles glabrous; leaves mostly
arviflora, H. § Z.! 899. ‘

¥

410 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

Sond)” Mountain sides near Swellendam, Mundt! Oct. (Herb. Willd., Lehm.,
Slender, a foot or more high, with long branches and short twigs. Leaves rather
close, with 2 rows of glands beneath, 3-6 lines long, in 8 4-8 lines, } line wide. Pe-
duncles 3-4 lines long. Calyx } line long. Petals scarcely half longer than the
calyx, glabrous, pure white. Ster. fil. mostly equalling the petals, spreading or re
curved, glandless. Fert. fil. glabrous. Style as long as calyx.—Readily known
from neighbouring species by its small flowers.

20. A. montana (Schl! Linn. 6. p. 207); twigs sub-glabrous, gland-
less ; leaves imbricate, linear, keeled 3-angled, acute, the margin and keel
long-ciliate, at length glabrate; umbel many flowered, peduncles gla-
brous, longer than the leaves; calyx-segments lanceolate-linear, glabrous-
edged ; petals twice as long as the calyx, short-clawed, glandless at point ;
fertile filaments glabrous, sterile half as wide as the petals, gland-tipped,
the claw pilose ; ovary with long hairiness ; style glabrous. Z. d& Z./ 866.

Has. Mountain sides, Baviansberg, near Genadendal, Caledon, £.g Z.! Nov.
(Herb. Lehm., Sond.) as se nis

Very like A. monticola, but the branches are not elongate nor the “oly 2 glandular,
the leaves are more sharply keeled, the calyx segments narrow, 14 line long and the
petals oblong, narrowed into a filiform, pilose claw. The ster. fil. are also narrower,
with lin. oblong limb. Leaves 3-4, sometimes 6-8 lines long, sub-incurved. Old
peduncles pale, 4 lines long. Style at length twice as long as the calyx.

21. A. Dregeana — ; virgate branches and twigs glabrous ; leaves
erect, /inear, channelled above, convex beneath, not keeled, punctate,
quite glabrous, the younger ciliate; flowers capitate ; peduncles half as
long as the calyx, glabrous, 2-bracted ; calyx-lobes obtuse, ciliate; petals
twice as long as the calyx, with shortish, glabrous claws ; ster. fil. linear-
sub-spathulate, equalling the petals, the claw filiform, pilose.
Has. Giftberg, 2000-2500. Drege! Nov. (Herb. r. Berol., T.C.D., Sond.)
, A much branched shrub, 2 feet or more righ Branches mostly crowded, 3-5
inches long, Leaves short-stalked, longer than the internodes, sub-appressed oF
spreading, impresso-punctate and obsoletely one-nerved beneath, 4-44 lines long.
Nona wide, the rameal shorter than the uppermost. Heads of 12-16 white flowers.
alyx-segments 1 line long, un ovate-oblong, pale, green at point, the margin
hyaline, ciliate. Petals unequal, obovate-cuneate, or oblong, sub-acute, with ag
brous, shortish claw. Fert. fil. longer than petals, white, glabrous ; sterile like the
but narrower, glandless. Ovary glabrous. Style equalling the stamens, gla-
us ; stigma obtuse. Carpels 2, shortly horned.

_ 22. A. nigromontana (E. & Z.! 867); twigs glabrescent ; leaves spread-
ing, linear, 3-angled, acute, shortly ni Sbeiets mucronate, the margi
_ and keel ciliato-pilose, at length glabrate; flowers umbellate, peduncles
: sans scarcely longer than the floral leaves; calyx segments lanceo-
» keeled, long-ciliated ; petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw
glabrous, filiform, equalling the calyx, limb oblong; sterile filaments
equalling the petals, oblong-linear, with a gland, and a filiform, hay
‘3 ovary hairy; style glabrous.
tig Momnsin sides, Howhock, Stell. and Zwarteberg, Caledon, £.¢ Z./ Jul.
A span long, branched from the base ; the erecto-patent, sparingly divided,
leafy, glabrous or thinly hairy. e tory raed severed; aiaay vette, —

Agathosma. RUTACER (Sond.) : 411

obtuse, the shorter 1 line, the longer 14 long. Petals white, the capillary claw gla-
brous or few haired, the limb about equalling the claw. Fert. fil. the length of the
petals, glabrous ; sterile with claws shorter than their limb. Carpels 3, setoso-pilose.
Style glabrous, equalling the stamens.

23. A. gonaquensis (E. & Z.! 864); twigs very thinly downy ; leaves
erect, appressed or incurvo-patent, linear, 3-angled, obtuse, glabrous,
gibbous under the tip; flowers umbellate ; peduncles rather shorter than
the floral leaves, glabrous; calyx glabrous, its segments linear, keeled,
long-ciliate, petals thrice as long as the calyx, the pilose claw twice as
long as the calyx, limb oblong; sterile filaments equalling the petals,
linear-spathulate, with a gland below the apex, the capillary claw hairy ;
ovary and style glabrous. Bartl. Linn. 17. p. 375.

Has. Sandy plains between Krakakamma and Vanstaadensriversberg, FZ. & Z./
Rocky places in Koegaskoppe, Algoa Bay, Zey/ 2165. Glenfilling and Kovisriver,
Drege, 7097, 7110. Albany, T.W. July. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

A foot high, with sub-erect, crowded branches, and short, rigid, leafy twigs.
Leaves dense, tapering into the petiole, channelled above, nerve-keeled and impresso-
punctate beneath, 4-6 lines long, $ line wide. Flowers numerous, involucrated by
the upper leaves; peduncles 1}-2 lines long, with deciduous bracts Calyx 14 lines
long, the segments sub-unequal, obtuse. Petals white. Fert. filaments —_s
the petals, hairy at base; sterile narrow. Style equalling the stamens. Capsule
glabrous, 3 lines long. Carpels 3-5, with recurved horns.

24. A, filipetala (E. & Z. 881); twigs downy; leaves close, erecto-
patent, linear, flat, sub-obtuse, calloso-incrassate, glabrous, with 3-4 rows
of glands beneath; umbel many flowered; peduncles longer than the
leaves, somewhat hairy; calyx-lobes glabrous, lanceolate-linear, sub-
obtuse ; petals and sterile filaments equal, with long, hairy claws, limb
linear-oblong, glandless; ovary and style glabrous. Diosma stenopetala,
Steud.! Flora, 1830, p. 549.

Has. Limestone hills at Grasrugg, between the Coega and Zondag-river, £. ¢ Z./

Bay, Forbes! Aug: (Herb. r. Siuttg., Hook., Lehm., Sond.) ,
much Sirenched: the branches and twigs 2-3 inch long, aggregate, sub-ter-
nate. Leaves glabrous on both sides, with marginal, pellucid dots, the rameal mostly —
4 lines long, 3 line wide, upper shorter. Peduncles 2 lines long. Calyx-lobes sub-
ne —— ge r} line = Fas Pore ster. fil. ran perc —-
filla, Licht, and “A. duniperifotia, Baxtl. ; differing from both in the blunter leaves,

25. A. linifolia (Lichtenst.! B. & W. 1 ¢. p. 187); twigs minutely
downy ; leaves wks, linear-lanceolate or linear, acude, flat, glabrous,
pellucid dotted at the margin, the younger ciliate with soft hairs; flowers
umbellate; peduncles and calyces quite glabrous; cal. lobes linear-lan-
ceolate, sub-obtuse; petals twice as long as the calyx, the sub-ciliate
claw a little longer than the calyx; limb oblong, obtuse, shorter ; sterile
filaments equalling the petals; the claw capillary, pilose ; the spathulate
limb with a gland; ovary and style glabrous. £. § Z.! 877. Bucco
linifolia, R. & Sch. 1. ¢. p. 448.

Has. [I Lichtenstein! Mts. near Swellendam, above Voormans-
bosch nat Dicedaheale E.$Z.1 Oct. (Herb. r. Berol., Wendl., Sond.)
More than a foot erect, wi erecto-patent branches. Leaves sub-

ith > =
remote, sometimes ous under & lens, bright green above, paler and minutely
_ punctate beneath. Pedune. 12-20, slender, 2-3 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, the

412 -RUTACEZ (Sond.) [Agathosma —

segments tipped with an obtuse gland. Petals white, spreading. Fert. filaments
rather longer than the petals, glabrous; sterile half as wide, otherwise like the
petals, with a small brown gland under the tip. Style glabrous. Capsule glabrous,
of 2 compressed carpels, 1} lines long, with spreading horns. This differs from
A. juniperifolia by the longer and broader leaves, 6-8 lines long, 1-1} wide, irregu-
larly minutely punctate beneath; by the glabrous peduncles and form of the sterile
filaments.

.

26. A. virgata (B. & W.! lc. p.139); quite glabrous ; twigs filiform;
leaves sub-imbricate, very narrow-linear, trigonous, obtuse ; flowers 4-10,
sub-umbellate or aggregate; peduncles 2-3 times as long as the leaves ;
calyx segments ovato-lanceolate, glabrous; petals glabrous, the claw
equalling the calyx; sterile filaments equalling the petals, rather nar-
rower, gland-tipped, the claw pilose, longer than the calyx; ovary and
style glabrous. Diosma virgata, Thunb. Prod. p. 84. Fl. Cap. 222 and
Hb. fol. a, non 8. Bucco Lamarkiana, R. & Sch. 1 c.447. A. berzeliefoha,
E. § Z. 906 and A, aulonophila, E. & Z.! 903, ex pte.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Heath i ; Win-
sips Pn ated = os * * oy, ground on the sides of Tulbagh Mt., near

A foot or more high, erect, much branched, with sub-dichotomous branches, and
crowded ramuli, the uppermost fastigiate, pale, glandular. Leaves erect, crowded
on the twigs, shortly petiolate, with two rows of glands beneath, the lower 2-3, the
upper 1}-2 lines long. Flowers umbellate, sometimes racemoso-corymbose. Pe-
duncles very slender, 2-bracted at base. Calyx 1 line long, the segments sub-acumi-
hate, punctate, Petals thrice as long as the calyx, the limb linear-oblong, obtuse,
ee at base. Style equalling the stamens ; stigma obtuse.—‘Schaapen-boeku”

_ 27. A. commutata (Sond.); quite glabrous; twigs slender; leaves
imbricate, linear-subulate, 3-angled, acute, mostly spreading, or recurve-
pointed ; flowers 10-20, umbellate, the peduncles twice as long as the
leaves; cal. segments lanceolate, glabrous edged ; petals glabrous, with
a hairy claw as long as the calyx; ovary and style glabrous. A. virgata,
LE. Mey.! E.§ Z. 904, non B.&W. A. aulonophila, E. § Z.! 903, ex pte.

8. ovary hairy at top; A. virgata, H.& Z.! go4, non B. & W.

Hap. Among shrubs in mountain valleys above the Waterfall, Tulbagh, £. ¢ 2
Rocky places at Picquetberg, 1500-3000 f., Drege! Jul.-Nov. (Hb. Sond.)

Allied to the preceding by characters, but with a different habit. It is taller and
more robust, with leaves twice as long, and tapering to an acute point, with 4 rows
of glands beneath, a many flowered umbel, and hairy claws to the petals. Calyx 1
line long. Petals twice as long as the sepals, the limb linear-oblong, obtuse. Fert.
filaments little longer than the petals, glabrous, or hairy at base. Carpels 3, rarely 2.
Style as long as the stamens. Stigma obtuse.

Sect. 7, Barosmepetale. Flowers terminal, umbellate-aggregate.
Petals obovate-oblong, or oblong, cuneate below, with a very short or
scarcely any claw. Sterile-filaments short, thickish, cylindrical-filiform
or semicylindrical, gland-tipped. (Sp. 28-45).

28, A. Mundtii (Cham. & Schl.! Linn. - twigs hairy ; leaves
eee .! 5. p. 56); twigs hairy ; leave
Famier se. lanceolate, very acute, glabrous, with revolute margins; Pe-
lon pee glabrous ; calyx segments glabrous, obtuse, keeled; petals ob-
i %, narrowed into a very short downy claw; sterile filaments twice a5
ong as the calyx, semicylindrical, glabrous, ciliolate.

Agathosma. | RUTACEE (Sond.) 413

Has. Cape, Mundt/ Swellendam, Ecklon! (Hb. r. Berol., Sond.)

Erect, much branched ; branches 2-3-chotomous, densely leafy. Leaves 3 lines
long, } line wide, shortly petioled, one-nerved beneath, impresso-punctate at the
margin. Bracts minute, at base of peduncles. Pedunc. numerous, 3 lines long,
longer than the floral leaves. Cal. 3 line long. Petals thrice as long as the calyx.
Stamens at length longer than the petals, glabrous. Ster. filaments tipped with an
acute gland. Style glabrous, as long as the stamens. Capsule blackish, of 2 carpels,
2 lines long, with a short straight beak.

29. A. Niveni (Sond.); twigs hairy; leaves spreading, swb-incurved,
oblong, sub-acute, with revolute margins, impresso-glandular, convex
above, glabrous; peduncles glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse, sub-carinate,
glabrous, ciliolate; petals obovate-oblong, with a glabrous claw ; sterile
filaments scarcely longer than the calyx, semicylindrical, ciliate towards
the apex.

Has. On rocks, Devilskop, Niven! (Herb. Sond.) : ae

Known from the preceding by the denser and thicker leaves, tipped with an ob-
tuse mucro, by the shorter peduncles and broader petals ; from the following by the
glabrous surface of all its parts. It is procumbent, much branched, with erect
branches and twigs. Leaves 24-3 lines long, 3-1 line wide, thickish, with a minute
blunt mucro ; the revolute margin not furnished with stalked glands, but crenulate
with impressed points. Peduncles 13-2 lines long, equalling the floral leaves. Flowers
minute, alinelong. Petals twice as long as the calyx, obovate-oblong, with a very
ate claw. Fert. filaments as long as the petals; style at length longer, Ovary

30. A. blaerioides (Cham. & Schl.! 1. ¢. p. 55); twigs hairy; leaves
spreading, swb-incurved, elliptical, obtuse, the revolute margins set with
stalked-glands, convex above and hairy; peduncles hairy; calyx-segments
hairy, obtuse; petals downy at base; sterile filaments little longer than
the the calyx, semicylindrical, ciliolate.

Has. Langekluft Mountain, Mordkuilshoogdte, Mundt and Maire? Olifants, R.,
George, Dr. Gill. (Herb. r. Berol., Hook.) 2
crn aha et 4 kde ee

ves, 14 line long, s incurv above, > glan ng

ni fed in oe ‘Vundtii, but the peduncles shorter, 1} line long. Petals

thrice as long as the calyx. Fert. fil. glabrous, longer than the 3 sterile half-
cylindrical, concave Gr the inside, tipped with a minute _ Capsule 1} line

long.

31. A. pubescens (Sond.); twigs. leaves, peduncles and ealyx hairy ;
leaves spreading, hind Lbelaee sub-cordate at base, with revolute
impresso-glanded margins; calyx-lobes keeled, obtuse; petals downy at
base ; sterile filaments little longer than the calyx, eylindrical-filiform,
glabrous, pilose towards the base. Gymnonychium pubescens, Bartl.
Linn. 17. p. 354, eum icone.

Has. Interior regions, Niven/ (Herb. Bartling). ge

Very like A, blaerioides, and perhaps merely a variety. It differs in the longer,
ita, dope t a. cub-ordat at ba, and jccsgy = cae ag
ginal glands, or having them very rarely on the uppermost . Itagrees
other yee: tae 23-4 lines long, rarely sub-opposite.

_ $2. A. planifolia (Sond.); twigs pubescent ; leaves spreading, ovate-
oblong, obtuse, flat, with very entire margins, sparingly punctate beneath, —
glabrous ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles pubescent ; calyx downy at base,
the segments oblong, obtuse; petals twice as long as the calyx, with a

414 RUTACE® (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

very short, downy claw; ster. filaments shorter than the calyx, oblong-
linear, downy; ovary and style glabrous.

Has, Interior regions, Niven’ (Herb, Mart., Sond.)

‘A much branched, erect shrub, with crowded, slender branches and twigs. Leaves
very shortly petioled, coriaceous, 2-24 lines long, 1-14 line wide, quite flat, paler
beneath, 1 nerved. Peduncles 6-10, 2 lines long. Calyx-segments keeled, green,
ciliate. Petals obovate-oblong, 2 lines long, 1 line wide. Fert, filaments as long a8
the petals ; sterile minute, gland-tipped. Style lengthening.

33. A. pubigera (Sond.); branches, twigs, leaves, peduncles and calyx
very minutely pubescent; leaves spreading, elliptic-oblong, sub-acute,
concave and at length glabrate above, keeled beneath, and multi-punctate ;
flowers umbellate ; calyx-segments keeled, obtuse; petals twice as long
as the calyx, obovate-oblong, narrowed at base, almost sessile; sterile
filaments . . . . 3 ovary pubescent; style pilose. Drege, 71209.

scrdy" Rocky places on mountain tops, Ezelsbank, 4000-5000 f. Drege/ (Herb.

1} foot high, yellow-green. Branches and twigs erecto-patent. Leaves 2 lines
long, 1 line wide, keeled, especially towards the point. Peunolee 6-10, 2-3 lines
long. Calyx 3line long. Petals 1 line long. Stamens wanting in our specimens.

le ing to 2 lines long.—Allied to A. obtusa by habit and leaves ; but
sufficiently distinct in character.

84. A. apiculata (G. F. W. Meyer, ap. B. & W.!1. ¢. p. 176); twigs
minutely pubescent ; leaves very patent or reflexed, ovate, ate,
with reflexed, impresso-punctate margins, tipped with a setiform,
Stewed mucro, impunctate beneath, glabrous ; flowers umbellate; peduncles
equalling the calyx or shorter, pubescent; calyx-segments ovate, acuml-
nate, mucronate ; petals rather longer than the calyx, oblong, with very
short claws; sterile filaments equalling the calyx, very narrow, filiform
at apex, glabrous; ovary glandular; style glabrous. Barosma apiculata,
E. & Z.1 815.

Has. Cape, Hesse! Among shrubs and sand dunes by Algoa Bay, not far from
Cape Recief and Port Elizabeth, E. & Z./ Drege! Cauca River, Dr. Gill! Sep.
Oct. Sesh. evil wr Hook., Sond.)

Erect, much branched, the secondary branches and sub-umbellate twigs crowded,
leafy. Leaves mostly reflexed, quite glabrous, rugulose above, 2 lines long ; petioles
appressed. Flowers umbellate-sub-capitate, peduncles 1 line long. Calyx 14 line
1086; Pubesoont ‘at base, the segments membrane-edged. Petals pubescen

w, the obtuse-lamina } longer than the calyx. Fert. fil, longer than the petals,
flabrous. Style equalling or exceeding the stamens. Capsule 2 line long os
_Tardotted at back, set at margin and top with long glands ; horns short and

35. A. pilifera (Schl. Linn. 6, : twi : is
: . p . 6, p. 206) ; twigs pubescent ; leaves pa
tent, elliptical or oblong-elliptical, eg with a ax hair-like, in
aero, - tiptoe glabrous ; flowers umbellate ;
mis —4 tmes calyx ; calyx tube velvetty, 8°g-
ments oblong, acute; petals obovate-oblong, are babe at base ; sterile
filamen’ pe ts shorter than the calyx, downy, with an incurved, glabrous
point ; ovary and style glabrous. Z. & Z./ 884. Diosma pilifera, Steud. !
TiO TER BabA D. apiculata, Spreng.
(ied: Bee a a ee Ue 8 Oe! seats

Agathosma. } RUTACEZ (Sond.) 415

Slender, 1 foot high, with slender, sub-virgate branches and filiform twigs. Leaves
2-23 lines long, 1 line wide, sub-horizontal, flat, the mucro 4 as long. Peduncles
8-12, 3 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, afterwards longer, the segments downy at the
base, some obtuse, others acute. Petals 1} line long. Fert. fil. rather longer than
the petals, glabrous ; sterile oblong-linear. Style at length longer than the stamens.
Saha 2 lines long ; carpels 3, punctate at back, glandless at top, with a short,

tuse beak.

36. A. fraudulenta (Sond.); branches, twigs, leaves, peduncles, and
calyx velvetty ; leaves cuneate-obovate, sub-acute, rather convex above,
gland-dotted beneath, thickened at margin, obsoletely crenulate ; flowers
umbellate, peduncles twice as long as the leaves ; calyx segments lanceo-
late-linear, obtuse with a gland, spreading or reflexed ; petals elliptic-
oblong, scarcely longer than the calyx, downy above the base within,
with very short claw ; sterile filaments linear-oblong, ciliolate, downy,
half the length of the calyx ; ovary downy ; style glabrous.

Has. Cape District ; exact locality unknown. (Hb. Sond.) ;

A shrub with terete branches, and erect or ascending, sub-angular purplish twigs.
Leaves close together, longer than the internodes, erect or spreading, coriaceous,
4-5 lines long, 14 line wide ; petiole 1 line long. Peduncles 4-6 lines long. : mie by
segments unequal, erect in fruit. Petals 2 lines long, 6-8 glanded. Sterile
ments tipped with a black gland. Style as long as the stamens. Capsule of 3-5,
compressed, downy, glandular 3 lines long ; with erect, obtuse horns,—
Quite like a Barosma in habit.

87. A. craspedata (E. Mey.! Hb. Drege) ; branches and twigs very
minutely downy ; ae Raphi itsily fs AT narrowed at base, gla-
brous at both sides, very smooth above, gland-dotted beneath, flat, the
thickened margin sub-recurved, glandular-denticulate; flowers umbel-
late ; peduncles twice as long as the leaves, and the calyx glandular ;
calyx-lobes broadly ovate, obtuse, ciliolate, at length reflexed ; petals
twice as long as the calyx, elliptical, downy at base, sub-sessile ; sterile
filaments equalling the calyx, oblong, ciliate, downy in front; ovary and
style glabrous, gas ae
gottA® Rocky places on the Blaauwberg, 3o00-so0o f. Drege. ! Nov.Jan. (Herb.

Next the preceding in habit ead linge ; bus the Feares sin sacey.sinbeaeny os long

Pubescent, calyx tube wi cleft beyond the middle, not g!
and sterile fame pita Irom nef tipped with a black - Hyp. com-
Pletely adnate, Style equalling the stamens.

38. A. recurvifolia (Sond.); twigs downy ; leaves quadrifarious, ovate
or elliptical, with a ae eo ihy acumination, recurvo-patent or reflexed,
minutely downy, becoming glabrous, concave above, dotted with large
glands beneath, with a raised, pale margin, quite entire ; flowers win
bellate ; peduncles and calyces velvetty ; calyx segments ovate, obtuse ;
petals thrice as long as the calyx, narrowed into a very short, downy
claw ; sterile filaments linear-semiterete, but little longer than the calyx,
downy, tipped with an oblong, acute gland ; ovary velvety, 2-carpelled ;
style glabrous, ter , !
Phe Stony mountains, Zwarteberg at Klaarstroom, 3000-4000 f. Drege. / 7124.
Kishan tok ent tek with spreading, 2-3-chotomous branches, and

416 RUTACES (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

short twigs. Leaves very smooth above, dark green, 14-2 lines long. Pedunceles
4-6, 1-1} lines long. Calyx } line long. Petals obovate-oblong.

39. A. gnidioides (Schl.! Linn. 6, p. 206) ; clothed with a very short
pubescence ; branches sub-ternate, erect ; leaves linear-lanceolate or
lanceolate, acute, subpungent-mucronate, flat, with the margin thick-
ened or sub-recurved, with 2 rows of gland-dots beneath; flowers um-
bellate ; peduncles downy; calyx segments lanceolate, reflexed (in an-
thesis) ; petals a little longer than the calyx, oblong, with a very short,
downy claw ; sterile filaments half as long as the petals, linear, pubes-
cent, tipped with a large gland. Diosma dubia, Spreng. D. puberula,
Steud./ Fil. 1830, p. 548. Bar. gnidioides, EL. & Z.! 814.

Var. 8. coriacea; leaves broader, more coriaceous, convex above ;
calyx lobes with an obtuse gland. Bar. mucronata, Meisn. in Krauss.
Beytr. p. 40.

Has. In heathy soil, between Beaufort and Graafreynet, and between shrubs over
Elandsriver, Zeyher! 2161. Mountain sides, Winterhoeksberg, Uit., B. § Z./ Drege,

7089. 8B. north east side of Winterhoeksberg, Krauss./ E. & Z./ Ap.-Aug. (Hb.
r. Stuttg., Meisn., Lehm., Sond.)

Over a foot high. Leaves erect, dense, 7-8 lines long, 1 line wide, much longer
than the internodes, flat or sub-convex, tipped with a very acute mucro nearly 1 line
long, marked above with a furrow, and beneath with a raised midrib, having a Tow
of glands at each side. Peduncles 4-6 lines long. Cal. lobes unequal, 14 line long.
Petals few-glanded. Capsule of 3 carpels, 24 lines long, with a straight beak.

40. A. barosmoides (Sond.); twigs velvetty; leaves erecto-patent,
oblong, acute, mucronate, flat, very entire, with a straight point, glabrous
above, velvetty, one nerved and dotted beneath; flowers umbellate;
peduncles longer than the leaves, and the calyx velvetty ; calyx-lobes
ovate, keeled, acuminate ; petals twice as long as the calyx, obovate-ob-
long, cuneate at base, with a very short, downy claw; sterile filaments
shorter than the calyx, downy ; ovary downy; style glabrous.

Has. Sandfontein, Zey.! 285. Nov. (Herb. Sond.)

Over a foot high, with the aspect of a Barosma. Branches erecto-patent, glabrous ;
twigs short. Rameal leaves crowded, 3-3} lines long, 14 wide, quite flat, paler be-
neath. Peduncles 4-8, 3-4 lines long. Calyx semi-5 fid, the lobes with membra-
36 edges. raierch 2 — long, eee encore filaments = a et ri sie

emargina . arpels 5 e equalling stamens. apsules 2 4
gland-dotted, with straight ee 1 line long.

41. A. acutifolia (Sond.); twigs downy; leaves erecto-patent, ovate-
oblong, acute, mucronate, flat, recwrved at the points, margined, glabrous,
dotted with large glands beneath; flowers umbellate ; peduncles vel-

_Vetty; calyx glabrous, its segments ovate, obtuse; petals thrice as long
as the calyx, downy at base, gradually narrowed, with scarcely any
claw ; sterile filaments longer than the calyx, oblong-linear, downy, tip-
se an oblong reversed gland, the 3 carpels and the style glabrous.
1aB. Stony places, Aasvogelberg. 2000-3000 f. e! Aug. . Sond.)
Pik much branched, sok i. ene. fans fara’ 3 lines
lobes | patches pungent-mucronate, Pedunc. 4-8, about 14-2 lines long. Calyx-

Fert. ~ longer than the cals, late. _— obovate-oblong, few glan

a 5 Martiana (Sond. ; twigs downy ; leaves imbricate, ovate, sud-

Agathosma. ] RUTACE (Sond.) 417

denly acuminate, spinous-pointed, very entire, glabrous dotted beneath ;
flowers umbellate ; peduncles longer than the leaves, and with the calyx-
tube villoso-pubescent ; cal, lobes lanceolate, keeled, acuminate, ciliate .
petals equating the calyx, oblong, downy at base within, sub-sessile ;
sterile filaments more than twice as short as the calyx, oblong-linear-
Semiterete, ciliolate, tipped with a large gland; ovary and style gla-
brous.

Has. Interior regions, Niven ! erb. Mart. '

Erect, with apnectine greyish, pon win Set branches ; twigs 2-4 inches
long, leafy. Leaves erect, 2 lines long, 1 line wide, very smooth above, one nerved
beneath, paler, with 16-24 blackish dots, the marginal pellucid. Pedune. 3-4 lines
long, 2-bracted at base. Calyx 2 lines long, its lobes glabrous, reflexed in anthesis.
Petals dotted. Fert. fil. glabrous, equalling the petals. Like A. imbricata in aspect,
but readily known by the sharply mucronate leaves and sub-sessile petals.

43. A. punctata (Sond.); twigs downy; leaves spreading, elliptic
or suborbicular, with a short obtuse mucro, flat, the apex sub-recurved,
underneath minutely downy and dotted with large glands; flowers um-
bellate; peduncles and calyx velvetty ; calyx-lobes oblong, obtuse ; pe-

thrice as long as the calyx, obovate-oblong, narrowed into a very
short claw; sterile filaments linear-filiform, rather longer than the calyx,
throughout. ciliato-puberulous, glabrous externally ; ovary velvetty ;
style glabrous. 4. acuminata, E. Mey.! Hb. Drege, non Willd.

Has. Rocky places between Zwarteberg and Kendo, and in Witpoortsberg, 2000~
4000 f. Drege/ 7122. Jun.-Aug. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.) : ;

Two feet or more high, erect, slender, 2~3-chotomous, the ultimate twigs scarcely
uncial, leafy. Leaves 14-2 lines long, 4 line wide, horizontal, quite smooth and
glabrous above, obsoletely one nerved beneath, with many raised glands. Pedune.
3-6, 2-24 lines long. Calyx semi-fid, its segments 1 line long, ciliolate. Petals 24
lines long, scarcely clawed, downy above and at the margins. Fertile fil. scarcely
longer than the petals, glabrous ; sterile 3 as long, tipped with a large gland, Style
as long as the stamens. oe 3

44. A. mucronulata (Sond.); twigs scarcely downy; leaves erecto-
patent, orbicular, ith S =< acute, recurved mucro, flat, underneath
minutely downy, and sprinkled with large glands ; flowers rege
peduncles and calyx velvetty, the calyx lobes ovate, keeled at point
setaceo-acuminate ; petals little longer than the calyx, obovate, =
Towed into a downy base, with scarcely any claw; sterile a
— thickish, shorter than the ealya downy within, glabrous exter-
nally; ovary sub-velvetty; style glabrous. ' S

Has. Rocky places in Zwaanepoelspoortberg, 3000-4000 f. Drege / Aug. (Herb.
oe lke the preceding.—Branches trichotomous, erect. Leaves 1} lines long
and wi smalle: sth gla te, more evidently petiolate than in A. punctata.
Pome. 54 seat eee. Cal lobes 1 ine; petals 1h ine long. Sterile
filaments tipped with a minute gland.

45. A. spi nd.); twi bescent; leaves quadrifarious, pa-
tent, dich Sooaene hen ee ca aannevontil concave and very —
smooth above, convex, minutely downy and roughly many -eaniot
neath, with a thickened pale margin; flowers umbellate ; peduncles
pubescent, as long as the calyx ; cal. lobes mucronate ; ss 9

418 RUTACE (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

obtuse, sub-sessile ; carpels 2, truncate, pubescent, with a short, straight
horn.

Has. South Africa (no station given), Drege! 7153. (Herb. Sond.)

A span long, grey, with robust branches, and slender, uncial, leafy twigs. Leaves
sub-imbricate, the cucullate base appressed to the branch, mostly curved back, not
keeled beneath, 14-2 lines long, and tipped with a mucro 4-1 line. Peduncles few.
Calyx pubescent at base, the lobes ovate, pungent-mucronate, ciliated, few-glanded.
Petals downy, tapering into a very short claw. Capsule densely pubescent, 3 lines
long ; the beaks 1 line. Style glabrous, filiform in the ripe fruit and as long as the
carpels.—In habit this resembles Acmadenia pungens.

Srot. 8. Imbricate. All the leaves, or at least those of the
branchlets, densely imbricated, roundish-ovate, or ovate, obtuse or acu- .
minate, concave above, ciliate. Flowers sub-umbellate-capitate. Petals:
with a long, capillary claw, and a roundish or obovate limb. Sterile
filaments not longer than the claws of the petals. (Sp. 46-48.)

46, A. squamosa (B. & W.! 1c. p. 141); twigs sub-pubescent ; leaves
closely imbricate, roundish-ovate, obtuse, concave, glabrous, gland-tu-
bercled beneath, villoso-ciliate; flowers capitate ; calyx lobes ovate-
oblong, ciliate; petals twice as long, the capillary claw equalling the
calyx, limb oblong, obtuse; sterile filaments linear, villous. Diosma
squamosa, Willd.! in R. & Sch. Sqat. V. p. 462.

Has. Cape of Good Hope. (Herb. Willdenow.) be

A dwarf shrublet, with 2-3-chotomous branches and short twigs. Leaves 4-4 line
ong, appressed, sub-sessile, dark green, convex externally, with large glands. Head
as large as a pea; with sessile flowers. Calyx 3 line long ; petals with capillary,
eerraen Ste fil. gy glabrous ; sterile equalling the claws of the petals,.

47. A. lycopodioides (B. & W.! 1. c. p. 148); twigs pubescent ; leaves.
closely imbricate, rowndish-ovate, cuspidate, tomentose beneath; flowers
sub-capitate 3 peduncles downy or sub-glabrous ; calyx lobes oblong,
obtuse, pilose, and ciliate ; claw of the petals twice as long as the calyx;
limb roundish ; sterile filaments linear, villous, with glabrous points,
gland-tipped. Diosma lycopodioides, Willd. ! ap. R. § Sch. ¢. p. 461+

Has. Cape, Hb, Wil ipfontei _
. Send) ldenow ! Cape flats, near Klipfontein, Zeyher, Nov (He

A foot high, erect, much branched. Leaves minutely petiolate 1-1} line long
and wide, glabrous above, the nerve beneath aceiibeck cane the point, impresso-
eomearicg aig + arpectiewee een 1 line long. Calyx 1 line pe? ce
I very long claws ort li iry at 3 iry. =

ialiey ap , hairy ai base. Ovary hairy. Sty:

: 48. A. imbricata (Willd. ! enum, Berol. 2 1 twigs ubescent or
gla 3 leaves erect, imbricate, the Tavita sea Yb ath a ovate-acu-
‘minate, ciliate or pubescent ; flowers sub-capitate ; peduncles pubescent
th She ; calyx lobes obtuse or sub-acute, keeled at the point, ciliate;
ours iota oe Petals 2~3 times as long as the calyx, limb roundish oF
Pag) ene Hilaments linear-spathulate, ciliate below. B. d W.h&

—= xa; leaves ciliate, the lower erecto-patent ; calyx lobes

ovate, Bg Wile. Hartogia ciliata, Berg. cap. 68, H. imbricata, Lint

Agathosma. ] RUTACEE (Sond.) 419

Mant. p.124. Diosma reflexa, Soland. in Herb. Lamk.! D. imbricata,
Thunb. ! prod. p. 43. Fl.Cap. p. 230. Bucco imbricata, Wendl. ! Coll. t. q
Ag. imbricata and acuminata, E. & Z.! 870, 869.

Var. 8, virgata; leaves ciliate, imbricate ; peduncles longer than
the calyx ; calyx-segments oblong ; twigs virgate. A. virgata, Spreng.

Var. y. obtusata ; leaves all over pubescent, imbricate ; peduncles
ro than the calyx; cal. lobes linear-oblong, Bucco obtusata, Wendl,

. € 76,

Var. 6. acuminata ; larger leaves ovate, or sub-cordate, with long acu-
mination, ciliate, the lower very patent; calyx lobes ovate; limbs of the
petals obovate or obovate-oblong. Bueco acuminata, Wendl.! Coll. t. 28.
Ag. acuminata, Willd. ! Enum. p. 260. B.§ W.1 1. c. p. 147. Diosma
cordata, Mart. Hort. Erl. p. 07.

_ Var. «. vestita; leaves imbricate, evidently keeled beneath, glabrous,
ciliate ; peduncles glabrous or sparsely pilose, equalling the calyx 3 cal.
lobes sub-acute ; limb of the petals broadly obovate. Ag. vestita, Willd. !
Bg Wille p.142, BGZ! 871.

Has. Cape flats and mountains round Capetown. In Zwartland, at Saldanha
Bay and Hott. Holland ; Tulbagh ; Winterhoeksberg, &e. Thunberg.! E. ¢ Z.,
Pappe, §c. Zey.! 298, 299... Drege. 1882, 7095, 7127. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., &c.)
_ Erect, much branched, 3 feet or more high ; twigs fastigiate, leafy. Leaves spa-
ringly dotted beneath, flattish above, prominently nerved beneath, variable in pubes-
cence, 1-3 lines; in 3., 4-5 lines long. Flowers numerous ; pedune. longer or shorter
than the calyx, 2-bracted. Calyx 1 line long, glabrous or roughly pubescent. Petals
with long claws pubescent at base, equalling the sterile filaments. Ovary pilose.

Style glabrous. Capsule 2 lines long, the carpels hairy at the summit. :

B. Stress is oii known to me Real Hb. Wendland, but Sieber’s plant is very
near it, and only differs by the peduncles equalling the calyx. A. vestita, Willd., is
certainly not specifically different, for the twigs, in the original specimen, are not
glabrous, but glabrescent, and the peduncles are not always glabrous, but mostly
downy or pilose at, base, Many specimens of A. imbricata, collected in the Cape
flats, belong to this variety. x S

Seor. 9, Eu-Agathosma. Flowers at the ends of the twigs umbel-
late, the sab ema: many times longer than the calyx; rarely
Shorter, and the flowers sub-capitate. Petals on long claws, with the
limb oblong. Sterile filaments free, equalling or surpassing the calyx,
not as long as the petals,—Zeaves, in the narrow-leaved sometimes im:

.

bricate, in the wide-leaved not imbricate. (Sp. 49-100.)
A. Leaves roundish, ovate, oblong, or lanceolate. (Sp. 49-70.)

49. A. orbicularis (B. & W.! 1. ¢. p. 175) ; branches and twigs mi-
nutely pubescent; pally (minute) patent and reflexed, thickish, roundish,
or broadly ovate, obtuse, flat, glabrous, impunctate beneath ; flowers um-
bellate; peduncles pubescent ; calyx segments roundish, claws of the
petals longer than the calyx, limb elliptic, obtuse, narrowed at base ;
sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx, oblong-linear, pubescent in
the middle ; ovary and style glabrous. #. § Z./ 885 § 886, ex pte.
Diosma orbicularis, Thunb. Cap. p.230. Willd. Sp. PL L p. 1140.

Hap. Among shrubs near the hot baths, Zwarteberg, Caledon, Thunberg / EB. Z.!
Aug. (Herb, Thunb., Lehm., Sond.) Be

420 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

2 feet or more high, much branched, white-barked, with filiform flexuous, patent
branches, and short erect twigs. Leaves either orbicular, cordate, elliptical or
broadly ovate, one nerved beneath, 1 line long or shorter. Flowers 6-10, very small.
Peduncles capillary, 2 lines long. Calyx downy, tline long. Petal 14 lines. Sterile
filaments narrowed at point, gland-tipped, fertile longer than the petals, glabrous.
Carpels 3. Capsule 1% line long, glandular, short-beaked.

50. A. minuta (Schlect! Linn. 6, p. 206); twigs downy; leaves (mi-
nute) patent or reflexed, thickish, oblong-elliptical, or oval, obtuse, con-
cave above, somewhat keeled and sparsely gland-sprinkled beneath ;
flowers umbellate ; peduncles and calyx glabrous ; eal.-lobes roundish ;
claws of the petals equalling the calyx, limb obovate-elliptical, narrowed
at base ; sterile filaments linear, wider and pubescent in the middle ;
ovary and style glabrous. H. & Z./ 886 eaclus. sp. from Zwarteberg.

Has, Kars-river and Potberg, #. 4 Z./ Between Cape L’Agulhas and Potberg,
Drege! 7121. Aug.-Oct. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

‘Scarcely 6 inches high, in ramification and whitish colour of the branches re-
sembling the last, differing in the leaves, never orbicular, but oval, thicker, more
strongly nerved beneath, and prominently keeled, scarcely more than 4 line long.
Umbels 4-8 flowered ; peduncles glabrous, 1-14 line long. Petals thrice as long.
—— longer than the petals ; the sterile 4 shorter. Carpels 3, cylindrical. Style
engthening.

51. A. thymifolia (Schlecht! 1c, p. 205); twigs glabrous; leaves
patent, oval or obovate, obtuse, flat, glandular beneath ; flowers umbel-
late ; peduncles downy at base ; calyx glabrous, its lobes oblong, obtuse,
keeled ; claws of the petals shorter than the calyx, glabrous; limb obo-
vate-oblong, narrowed at base ; sterile filaments linear-filiform, twice as
ro as the calyx, pilose at base; ovary and style glabrous. Z. § Z./

Has. Sand dunes near Saldanha Bay, Z. & Z.! Groenckloof and Saldanha Bay, 2

Drege! 7119, Aug.-Oct. (Herb. Sond.)

A span-high, erect, dichotomous, or with ternate or clustered branches and short
_ twigs. Leaves 1-1} line long, 1 line wide, rather longer than the internodes, Mig!
smooth above, one nerved and with 4 rows of glands beneath, the marginal glan
pellucid. . Umbels 6-10 flowered, pedunc. 2-2} lines long, downy below or to the
middle. Calyx lobes 3 line long. Petals 2 lines long, the claw half longer than
the calyx. Fert. fil. longer than the petals, glabrous ; sterile half as long. Style as
ne as the stamens.—Easily known from the preceding by the larger flowers and

es.

52. A. glandulosa (Sond.); twigs pubescent ; leaves spreading, cor-

date-ovate, acute, flat, with reflexed margins, minutely pubescent on both

sides, impunctate, glandular at margin ; flowers umbellate; peduncles
and calyces glandular-pubescent ; calyx lobes ovate, keeled; petals more
than twice as long as the calyx, glabrous, with a linear claw equalling

the calyx, limb elliptic-oblong ; sterile filaments twice as long as the
calyx, lanceolate, subulate-acuminate, ciliate; ovary and style pilose.

esis Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 229.

are pee Phunberg! (Herb. Thunb.)
twigs, the ‘ilioes bcedhags — flexuous-erect branches and sub-umbellate
Leaves sub-remote , reddish, with partially glandular pubescence
lose, and with a oti pees: sortly petioled, coriaceous, shining above, mae
24-3 lines long, 14 wide. Umbel (ots holeced peas with a raised nerve,

pedune, 3 lines long. Calyx 14

rips 1 i Se TC MEA Me, yee. ue

— Agathosma.] RUTACEE (Sond.) 491

Tine long, the lobes keeled, sub-acute, unequal. Petals rosy, limb 2 lines long. Fert.
filaments as long, glabrous ; sterile shorter. Style pilose with a glabrous point.

58. A. foliosa (Sond.) ; twigs downy; leaves reflexed, ovate-acuminate,
sub-cordate at base, concave and glabrous above, minutely downy beneath,
ciliate ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles and calyces pubescent ; calyx lobes
ovate-oblong, obtuse ; petals twice as long as the calyx, glabrous, the fili-
form claw equalling the calyx, the limb obovate-oblong ; sterile fila-
ments scarcely longer than the calyx, from a downy, lanceolate base,
tapering into a filiform glabrous point ; ovary and style glabrous.

Poe Sandy hills between Langevalley and Bergvalley, Zeyher! 297. (Herb.

Erect, with crowded, glabrous branches, and sub-fastigiate twigs, the ultimate
very short. Leaves all reflexed, 1-2 lines long, 1 line wide at base, shining above,
opaque and sparsely punctate beneath, nerve-keeled, Umbel many flowered, ped-
uncles 14 line long. Calyx 1 line long, ciliolate. Petals 2 lines long. Fertile fila-
— equalling the corolla ; sterile ciliolate, gland-tipped. Carpels 3, glabrous or
ew-haired, Style equalling the petals.

54 A. rugosa (Link. enum. p. 238) ; twigs pubescent and glandular;
leaves spreading, ovate-oblong, oblong, or oblongo-lanceolate, sub-obtuse, flat-
tish, above, somewhat channelled, rugulose, underneath slightly keeled,

980-cilvate at the margin and keel ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles
glandular, villous or glabrous; calyx-lobes obtuse ; petals thrice as long
as the calyx, the ciliate claws scarcely longer than the calyx, limb ob-
long, attenuate at base, glabrous ; sterile filaments twice as long as the
poke attenuate to each end, villous in the middle; ovary and style

Tous.

VAR, a. ; leaves ovate-oblong ; peduncles villous. Hartogia ciliaris,
Linn. Syst. p. 223. Diosma rugosa, Thunb.! Fl. Cap. 226. D. ciliata,
Lam.! Eneycl. 2, p. 287 (excl. syn. Pluk.) Bucco obtusa, Wendl. Coll. t.
13. Ag. pubescens, Willd. ! enum. p. 259. D. thymifolia, Willd. in RB.
$ Sch. V. p. 462. Ag, obtusa, a, B. & Wl. c p. 169, B. & 2, 882. A.
cerefolium, H. Mey., non, BiG We et ap GR

Var. 8. ; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, or sub-lanceolate ; peduncles vil- he
lous. Hartogia lanceolata, Lin. © Diosma ciliata, 8. Lam. tc. Bucco ob- ;
tusa, ne Wendl. Coll. t. 14. Ag. pubescens, 8., Willd. Ag. obtusa, 8.

B. § W. | ;
Var. y.; leaves oblong, clothed on both sides and at the margin with
long, ood huaion at‘ : glabrate ; peduncles villous, A, mollis, B. &
W. i. c. p. 168, excl. syn. D. tomentosa, Lee, which belongs to Adenandra
or oblong-lanceolate ; peduncles sparingly

Var. 3; leaves oblong.
pilose or glabrous, 4. hybrida, B. § W./ lc. p. 167.
Var. «.; leaves lanceolate ; sub-acute, pubescent on both sides;

peduncles glabrous. 4. hybrida, B. § Z./ 880.
Har. H ills ; ea tain: ‘a wx Capetown,

Zey./ 2171, tea 7126. hereon irae ee aie mouth of Klyn-

river, Caledon, £. be Se and twig C.D. &e.

ssh nad pabeeee ‘Lenves 2-4 lines long, * line wide, patent or reflexed, shining ;

422 RUTACE (Sond.) [ Agathosma. —

above, pale, with the nerve area beneath, gibbous at the tip, the recurved
margin impresso-punctate. Umbels 10-20 flowered, Pedunc. 2-2} lines long.
Calyx-lobes unequal, lanceolate, ciliate, 1 line long. Fert. fil. glabrous. Carpels
4-5, glabrous. Style equalling the stamens. Capsule 2 lines long.—The pubescence
is very variable, the adult leaves often glabrate. A. mollis, B. & W., is a form with
very villous leaves, the upper nevertheless glabrate. The peduncles which are mostly _
villous, with or without glands, in var. 5. are sometimes quite glabrous, as in a wild
i from Dr. Pappe; and sometimes sparingly covered with short hairs, as in
authentic sp. of A. hybrida, B. & W.

55. A. marifolia (E. & Z.! 887); twigs downy ; leaves reflexed, ovate-
oblong or oblong, obtuse, flat, with revolute, glandular-subcrenulate margins,
thickish, velvetty on both sides; flowers umbellate ; peduncles and calyces
pubescent ; calyx-lobes ovate-oblong, obtuse; petals twice as long as
the calyx, the claws glabrous, equalling the calyx, limbs obovate-oblong,
narrowed at base ; sterile filaments but little longer than the calyx, ovato-
lanceolate, downy, with a spreading, narrow, glabrous point ; ovary and
style glabrous.

Var. 8., lanceolata; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acute ;
flowers rather longer.

Hap, Sandy places near Klipfontein, Clanw., 2. é Z./ Knakisberg, Zey./ 296.
B. Knackerberg, 1000-1500 f. Drege/ 7088. June-Aug. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D.,

A foot high, with spreading or erect scattered, grey branches and short twigs.
Leaves close set, 13-2 lines long, 4 line wide, prominently nerved beneath. Pedun-
cles 6-12, 1} line long, in front 2-3 lines, Calyx } line; petals 14 line long. Fert.

s a8 long, glabrous. Style short. Capsule 1 line long, glabrous. Var. B-
is 18 inches high, er a 3-8 Hines long, 3-1 line wide, glabrous, pos ta
smaller, pubescent ; peduncles 3-4 lines long, and petals 2 lines long, wi -
claws ; in other characters it coincides. os ti

56. A. latipetala (Sond.); twigs minutely pubescent; leaves reflexed,
ovate-oblong or oblong, obtuse, flat above, prominently nerved beneath,
gland-dotted and remotely ciliate at margin, thickish, glabrous on both
sides ; flowers umbellate, the peduncles minutely pubescent ; calyx gla-
brous, its lobes keeled, sub-acute ; petals twice as long as the calyx, —
glabrous, with sub-filiform claws shorter than the calyx, limb elliptical,
obtuse or sub-cordate at base ; sterile filaments longer than the calyx,
downy at base, glabrous at the apex ; ovary and style glabrous.

Men 8. glabrata; leaves sub-ciliate ; peduncles downy at the base
sa i
Has, Interior regions, Niven / (Herb. Mart., Sond
Ps small shrub with alternate, greyish white theses. and short crowded ramauli.
‘aves close, 1 line long, }-$ line wide, with about 6 marginal glands and longish
eae in B. often wanting. Peduncles 6-8, about 2-2} lines long. Calyx partite,
ne segments 1 line long, ovate, with membranous ciliolate edges. Petals with
= mp line long, 1 line wide, broad at base, and a very narrow claw, } line long.
‘an filaments as — as the petals, glabrous ; sterile lanceolate at base, filiform at
apex. | Style equal to the petals—Near the preceding but differs in the mostly
pa bre ws leaves, margined with pellucid glands and ciliate, and the
57. A. elegans (Cham. & Schl. ! Linn. igs hairy ; leaves
ray ob ae © Schl. | Linn. 5, p. 55); twigs hairy ; lee
spreading, oblong, suh-acute, pointless, with reflex margins, conven abore,

Agathosma. | RUTACEE (Sond.) 423

paler underneath, almost impunctate, minutely pubescent on both sides ;
flowers umbellate ; peduncles and calyx pubescent ; cal.-lobes ovate,
keeled, sub-obtuse ; petals twice as long as the calyx, with a downy claw
equalling the calyx; sterile filaments rather longer than the calyx, linear,
ciliate in the middle ; style glabrous.

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Mundt & Maire! Swellendam, Ecklon! (Herb. r.
Berol. Sond.)

Erect, much branched, with virgate branches and short, crowded, leafy ramuli.
Leaves coriaceous, green above, 3 lines long, 1 line wide, the marginal glands often
immersed, Flowering branches often fastigiate, forming a sort of corymb, sometimes
araceme. Peduncles 8-12, 24-3 lines long. Calyx % cleft, 1 line long, with cilio-
late segments. Petals obovate-oblong, the limb tapering into the claw. Fert. fila-
ments glabrous, Style equalling the stamens.

58. A. propingqua (Sond.) ; twigs downy; leaves appressed, oblong
or ovate-oblong, acute, flattish above, keeled beneath, piloso-ciliate at the
margin and keel ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles and calyx glandular ;
cal.-lobes oblong-ovate, obtuse; petals thrice as long as the calyx, with
glabrous claw as long as the calyx, limb oblong, narrowed at base ;
sterile filaments nearly twice as long as the calyx, lanceolate-linear,
downy as far as the middle, the narrow apex glabrous; ovary pilose ;
style glabrous.

Has. Sands between Tigerberg and Zandhoogte, Drege, 7092. Oct.-Dec. (Herb.

nd, *

Erect, 1 foot high, with scattered or crowded. branches, and purplish 1-2 uncial
twigs. Leaves 14-2 lines long, } line wide, sub-imbricate, glabrous above, with a
very prominent nerve beneath, and quickly deciduous cilia, Pedunc. 8-12, slender,
2 lines long, 2-bracted. Calyx purplish, deeply cleft, 1 line long, the lobes keeled,
pilose at back and apex, the hairs deciduous. Petals 24 lines long. Fert. fil. as long.
Style as long as the petals.

concave above, convex beneath, keeled with a slender prominent nerve,
glabrous ; flowers umbellate; peduncles slightly er than the calyx,
pilose ; calyx glabrous, its lobes ovate-oblong, keel long-ciliate ; pe-
tals thrice as long as the calyx, the claw pilose, longer than the calyct,
dilating into an oblong, basally ciliate limb ; sterile filaments twice as

petals 3 lines. Fert. filaments as long, glabrous ; sterile very cs
A. glabrata, but the leaves and flowers are different. It differs from A. fastigiata by

the leaves not being three-angled.

60. A. microphylla (G. F. W. Meyer, ad B. & W.! 1. c. p. 173); twigs
scarcely ieee: ‘bok spreading, oblong, obtuse, flat above, keeled be-
neath, thicki. s-pointed, gi lower often longer; flowers um-
bellate ; peduncles glabrous ; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse ; petals twice
as long as the calyx, glabrous; claw as long or longer than the calyx

424 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

limb obovate-oblong ; sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx, linear-
lanceolate, pubsscent-ciliate ; ovary and style glabrous. £. ¢ Z./ 890.

Var. 8. stadensis ; calyx-lobes keeled, with an incurved point; limb
of the petals oblong, ster. filaments gland-tipped. A. stadensis, EL. & 4.1
889. .

Has. Cape, Hesse/ Sand-hills near Cape L’Agulhas, Swell. 2. & Z.! B. in the
plains under the Vanstaaden Mts., Uit., Z. &@ Z./ Oct.-Nov. (Herb. Baril., r.
Stuttg., Lehm., Sond.) :

2 feet high or more, quite glabrous, grect, much branched, the branches and twigs
filiform, crowded, reddish-yellow. ‘Lower leaves sub-remote, upper close, shining
above, pale beneath, keeled with a thick nerve, the margin flat, with pellucid glands ;
lower 14 line, upper 1-1} line long, } line wide. Flowers 6-15, pedunc. 2-3 lines
long, ebracteate, the younger nodding. Calyx glabrous, gland-dotted, scarcely more
than } line long. Petals 2 lines long, punctate towards the apex. Fert. filaments
glabrous ; sterile 1 line long, attenuate to a glabrous point.—Allied to A. glabrata,
but differs in the smaller, spreading leaves, and in the sterile filaments.

61. A. florida (Sond.) ; twigs scarcely downy; leaves spreading, ob-
long-lanceolate or lanceolate, quite flat, paler beneath, glabrous, the younger
Sringed with long, soft hairs; flowers umbellate; peduncles and calyces
glabrous; calyx segments oblong, keeled, sub-acute; petals éhrice as
long as the calyx, the claws pilose, equalling the calyx, limb narrow-
oblong, narrowed at base ; sterile filaments nearly equalling the petals,
lanceolate-linear, villous from base to middle, filiform and glabrous at
the point ; ovary crowned with hairs, style glabrous. A. mollis, Z. &
Z.!1 879, non B. § W.

Has. Stony hills near Rietkuyl, Swell., Mundt. ’ . Sond.

Slender, 1 fe high, with eats erect cue sae Me fed twigs.
Leaves horizontal, 23-3 lines long, }-} line wide. Flowers numerous, peduncles
14-2 lines long. Calyx lobes } line ; petals 2 lines long. Fertile filaments exserted,

, — sterile shorter. Capsule glabrous ; the 3 carpels with filiform horns, !
e long.

62. A. cerefolium (B. & W.! Lc. p. 159); twigs pubescent; leaves
spreading or recurved, oblong-lanceolate, acute, flattish above, kee
beneath, piloso-ciliate at keel and margin ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles
pubescent-villous; calyx segments lanceolate, acute; petals 2-3 times
longer than the calyx, the claw rather exceeding the calyx, limb nar-
row-oblong; sterile filaments scarcely longer than the calyx, linear,
pubescent-ciliate below; ovary crowned with hairs; style glabrous.
Diosma cerefolia, Vent, Malm. t.. 93. Bucco cerefolium, R. & Sch. Ll. ¢. 439-
Ag. swaveolens, E. & Z.! 888, A. Bartlingiana, E. § Z.! 898, excl. syn.

- Var. 8. glandulosa; pubescence of the branches and peduncles glan-
dular; calyx-lobes more obtuse, glandularly ciliate at keel and margin,
often hair-pointed.

Var. y. glabrata; leaves glabrescent; peduncles wi i earl,
; ; peduncles with a thick, nearly

oe Men pubescence, calyx lobes lanceolate-oblong. 4. obtusa B.

Has. Mountain tops near Puspas valley, Swell. ; 8. in mountains at Klynrivier,
near

Caledon, £.§Z.! -y, rocky Gnaden 2000-3000 f, Drege! J. D.
i Aug.-Oct. (Herb, Wendl., r. Stuttg., Perle a Rony
~12 Inches high, or more, much branched, with spreading branches and filiform

Agathosma. | RUTACEZ (Sond.) 425

twigs. Leaves close, prominently nerved beneath and thicker at the point, margined
with glands and very slender hairs, or the uppermost sometimes with minute glands,
2-3, rarely 4 lines long, 4 line wide. Peduncles 14-2 lines long, 2 bracted. Calyx
4-1 line long, ciliolate. Petals oblong, or linear-oblong, narrowed at base, 2 lines
long. Fert. filaments exserted, glabrous; sterile downy at base, tapering to a fili-
form, glabrous, recurved point. Ovaries 3. Capsule 1}-2 lines long ; the carpels
obtuse, glabrous, with a very short beak. ar. 8. is chiefly distinguished by its
smaller leaves, 1-1} line long, at margin and back furnished with stalked glands ;
some, however, quite glabrous. ;

63. A. Thunbergiana (Sond.); twigs minutely pubescent; leaves
(small), erect or.spreading, lanceolate, acute, pointless, flat above, keeled
beneath, piloso-ciliate; peduncles pubescent; calyx pubescent at base,
the lobes lanceolate, keeled, ciliate; petals about twice as long as the
calyx, the glabrous claws shorter than the calyx, limb oval-oblong, ob-
tuse, narrowed at base; sterile filaments a little longer than the calyx,
lanceolate, villous, with a subulate, glabrous, recurved point ; ovary and
style glabrous. Diosma ciliata, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 225. A. platypetala,
E.§Z.! 915. Bartl. Linn. 17. p. 371.

Var. @. patula; leaves more patent, naked at margin or ciliate and
rr towards the apex; peduncles glandular-downy ; calyx rather
8 er,

Var. y. hirtula; leaves appressed or patent, lanceolate, shortly
ciliate at keel and margin; calyx downy; ovary pilose at top.

Has. Cape, Thunberg! Winterhoeksberg, near Tulbagh, Worcester ; var. 8. on
sand dunes near Cape L’Agulhas; var. y. on mountains near Tulbagh, Zeyher /
Nov. (Herb., Thunb., Holm., Stuttg., Sond.) ; :

Erect, 2 feet high, much branched, the branches and twigs crowded, yellowish,
rather hairy, at length glabrescent. Lower leaves sub-distant, upper close, punctate
beneath, with prominent nerve, 14-3 lines long, }-} wide. Peduncles 4-12, fili-
form, 3-4 lines long. Calyx lobes 1 line long. Capsule 2 lines long, of 3 carpels.—
A. platyphylla, E. & Z.! only differs from Thunberg’s specimen of A. ciliata, by the
leaves in that often, in this rarely, concave. Our var. 8. is very like A. cerefolium
B., but differs by the acuminate leaves. Var. y. is known by denser pul
and ciliated keels to the leaves, ete. Se oe

64. A. ciliata (Link! enum. 1. p.238); twigs hairy; leaves patent,
ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate, acute, flat, glabrous on both nen “—
recurved, denticulate, ciliate margins; flowers umbellate ; peduncles Fd
brous; calyx-lobes ovato-lanceolate, obtuse; petals about ee ain
as the calyx, the claws glabrous, about equalling geen sins
tic-oblong; sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx, abe <<
Pilose below, above exserted, wider, glabrous ; ovary ne . Be #8 Reg.
glabrous. B.& W.1 1. c. p. 155. D, ciliata, Linn. Sp. p. 297. 90% LJ
366. D. myrsinites, Lam. D. ri fea asa

Has. Am Table Mt., Hesse, E. & Z., Drege, 4
Drege, 1086. “Borchans's River, Albany, Ecklon, Ap.June. (Hb. Holm., Lam.,

endl., Lehm., : é : ‘

1-2 fet. high, with reddish or yellowish, seattered or crowded. often long

and short twigs. Leaves close, broad-based, acuminate, ae ‘cake
cies one-nerved, pellucid-dotted at ager rigidly ciliate, 5—10 tines tong,

ide. capillar pi > - J

Capsule aj lines long, earpols mostly 2, with spreading hors, 1 line long.

-

lines long. Calyx 1} line long, ciliate. a

426 RUTACEH (Sond.) [ Agathosma.
65. A. ambigua pao ; twigs hairy; leaves erect or spreading,

sub-imbricate, ovato-lanceolate, or lanceolate, acuminate, patent-mucro-
nulate, concave above, keeled beneath, piloso-ciliate at keel and margin;
flowers umbellate; peduncles rather longer than the floral leaves, very
hairy; calyx-lobes ovato-lanceolate, keeled; petals twice as long, with
glabrous claws equalling the elliptic-oblong limb; sterile filaments
longer than the calyx, lanceolate-linear, pubescent to the middle, spread-
ing ; ovary piloso-setose at top; style glabrous. A. Thunbergiana, Schl. !
Lin. 6. p. 204, excl. syn. Thunb., non. B.& W.

_ Has. Stony places on mountain sides, Lion’s and Table Mt. ; and Hott. Holland

| and Elandskloof, £. & Z.! Oct.-Nov. (Herb. Sond.)

More than a foot high, much branched, with crowded branches and short pubes-

. cent or hairy twigs. Leaves 3 lines long, 3 line broad at base, the upper mostly

i smaller, broad based, nerve-keeled ; glabrate when old. Pedunc. 12-20, 13-2 lines

long. Calyx lobes unequal, acuminate, often ciliate, 14 line long. Petals sometimes
downy above the base. Fert. fil. exserted. Ovaries 3—Known from A. Thunbergiana
by the hairy branches and peduncles and the sub-concave, acuminate and mucronate
leaves ; from A. variabilis by the leaves not 3-angled ; and from A. euspidata by the
wider and shorter, not narrowed leaves. :

_ 66. A. Ventenatiana (B. & W.! 1. c. p. 161) ; twigs pubescent; leaves
| erecto-patent, the uppermost sub-imbricate, ovato-lanceolate, straight-
| pointed, flattish, or slightly channelled above, with a medial row of hairs,
| keeled and hairy beneath; flowers umbellate; peduncles equal, villous,
thrice as long as the floral leaves; calyx-lobes lanceolate, sub-acute ;
: petals, more than twice as long as the calyx, with a subciliate claw
| equalling the calyx, and an oblong limb; sterile filaments twice as long

as the calyx, pubescent to the middle; style glabrous. D. hirta, Vent.
Malm. t. 72, excl. syn. Lam. Bucco Ventenatiana, R. & Sch. 1. c 442.
| Has. Cape, v. v. cult. (Herb., Wendl., Sond.)
| A much branched bush, t foot or more high, the branches and twigs rather
; crowded. Leaves 3-4 lines long, 1 line wide, the upper smaller, closer and more
oo evidently channelled. Peduncles several, slender, 2-21 lines long. Calyx 1 line
se : long. Petals lilac, purple, or white. Fert. fil. equalling the petals, glabrous. Car-
pels 2.—Very near A. villosa, and perhaps merely a cultivated variety.

67. A. villosa (Willd.! enum. p. 2 59); twigs pubescent; leaves im-
bricate, erect, swb-incurved and complicate-triquetrous, lanceolate, glabrous
above, channelled, keeled and hairy beneath ; flowers sub-umbellate;
peduncles mostly wnequal, villous, longer than the floral leaves; calyx-

l.¢. p. 163, excl. syn. D. villosa, Th. E. de Z.! 907. D. corym-
. Montin ! D. pubescens, Thunb, ! Cap. p. 225. as villosa, Wendl.
t4. t. 2, D. Wendlandiana, DC. Prod 1. p-715. Ag. hirta, Bot.
». Ait. Kew. 2. p. 30, excl, syn,
leaves hairy beneath; pedunc. unequal, scarcely longer
8 twice as long as the sub-acute calyx.
green; peduncles yery villous,

Agathosma.] RUTACEZ (Sond.) 427

sub-equal; calyx lobes ovato-lanceolate; petals thrice as long as the
calyx, the claw twice as long as the limb.

Var. y. laxa; twigs lax; leaves villous-pubescent beneath; peduncles
equal, 2-3 times longer than the floral leaves ; calyx lobes ovato-lanceo-
late; petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw equalling the limb.
A, laxa, B. & W.! 1. ¢. p. 162.

Has. Very common on the mountains round Capetown, &c., and on the C
ae ea dc. Drege, 7090, 7093. Zey. 298, ex pte. (Herb., Thunb., Wille

md., T.C.D. &e.

A foot or more high, with scattered or sub-ternate branches, and filiform twigs,
Leaves 3-4 lines long, the upper shorter. Peduncles numerous, the inner much
longer than the rest. Calyx 1} line long, pubescent, the segments unequal, keeled
rage Petals flesh coloured, lilac or white, 2-24 lines long. Ovaries 2-3, gla-

us.

68. A. barosmefolia (E. & Z.! 874); twigs and leaves minutely pu-
bescent; leaves spreading, oblongo-lanceolate or lanceolate, sub-mucronate,
narrowed at base, flat, leathery, thickish at the margin, sparsely gland-
dotted beneath; flowers sub-umbellate; peduncles and calyces pubes-
cent; calyx segments oblong-lanceolate, obtuse; petals four times, with
a capillary glabrous claw thrice, as long as the calyx and an elliptic-
obovate limb ; sterile filaments thrice as long as the calyx, linear, villous,
glabrous-pointed ; ovary and style glabrous, Baril, Linn. 17. p. 378.

se Sandy ground near Brackfontein, Clanw., E. Z.! July. (Herb. Hook.,
nd.

A foot high, 2-3~chotomous, with crowded, even-topped twigs. Leaves vag wed
at base into a line-long petiole, shining above, pale beneath, 6-10 lines long, 1} line
wide. Flowers numerous; pedunc. 3-4 lines long, 2 bracted. Cal. 1 line long.
Petals white, the limb roundish. :

69. A. serpyllacea (Lichtenst! B. & W.! 1. c. p. 153); twigs hairy,
pubescent and ciliate; leaves erecto-patent, lanceolate, acute, with re-
curved margins, trigonous, the nerve beneath gibbous at point, flat above
or obsoletely channelled ; flowers umbellate; peduncles and calyces
hairy; calyx-lobes ovato-lanceolate, sub-obtuse; petals twice as long
the calyx, the claws much shorter and limb oblong-elliptical ; ste
filaments equalling the calyx, linear, broader at base, — Bucco
erpyllacea, R. & Sch. 1. c. p. 447. Ag. blaerioides, #. § Z.! 870, non
ham. § Schl, hore :

VaR. «. ; leaves pubescent ; pedune. hairy, twice as long as the calyx.
B. serpyll, Licht, and D. stricta, Willd. Hb, ;

Var. 8.; leaves long-ciliate at keel and margin, incurved-erect; pe-
duncles scarcely longer than the calyx. jj

Var. y.; leaves glabrous; peduncles pubescent, A, serpyllacea,
E. § Z.1'909, ex pte. A. Bartlingiana, B. § Z.1 898, ex pte.

Var 4.; leaves and peduncles glabrous. A. serpyll. var. glabra, Schlecht.
A, hyponeura, E. § Z.1 894. A. glabra, B. § Z. 908. _

Var. «.; leaves oblongo-lanceolate, gibbous-thickened of oy he
herve and margins with long hairs; peduncles glabrous, twice as ‘ong _
as the calyx, te | gee

Bas, Hot, Hollandsberg, Lichtenstein. Zondagsflakte, E. & Z./ var. 6. in sandy.

428 RUTACEE (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

near Potriver, Zey.! 2169. ‘y. flats near Tigerberg, and Zoutendalsvalley,

.¢ Z.! Between Groenekloof and Saldanha Bay, Dreye 7087. Var. 5. near Cape

L’Agulhas, Swellendam and Hott. Holland, Z. § Z./ ¢. at Gauritz River and Vish-
bay, Drege. Aug.-Oct. (Herb. r. Berol., Wendl., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

‘A much branched bush, 1 foot high, greyish below, with reddish branches, and
crowded, short twigs. Leaves close, dark green, paler beneath, 3-5 lines long, t
line wide. Peduncles 6-12 or more, slender, twice as long as the calyx or shorter
in 8. Calyx 1} line long. Petals white or lilac, glabrous or subciliate. Var. € is
possibly a distinct species, differing from the others in the leaves quite glabrous and
cucullate-contracted at the apex above and hairy, having a thick short gibbus
a. : peduncles 3 lines long, with two long-ciliate minute bracts ; the flowers do
no er.

70. A. lancifolia (E. & Z.! 857) ; twigs scarcely downy; leaves erect,
sub-imbricate, lanceolate, acuminate, pungent, channelled above and
glabrous, acutely keeled beneath, the margin and keel rough and hispi-
dulous ; flowers capitate ; peduncles half as long as the calyx, glabrous ;
calyx-lobes ovate, acute, ciliate ; petals twice as long as the calyx; sterile
filaments longer than the calyx, shorter than the claw of the petals,
linear-filiform, pilose to the middle, glabrous at apex, style glabrous.

Has. Stony mountain-sides near Olifant’s river, Clanw., EZ. ¢ Z./ Oct. erb.
Lehm., Sond.) : sida

A foot high, with grey branches, and short, yellowish, sub-umbellate twigs.
Leaves close-set on the twigs, thrice as long as the internodes, tapering from @ broad
base into a hard, triangular point, 4-6 lines long, 1-1} line wide, with a petiole
nearly 1 line long. Floral leaves shorter than the rest, spreading, with a broad,
pesca, eis base. Calyx 1 line long, widely membrane-edged and ciliate.

B. Leaves narrow, linear-lanceolate, or linear, 4-10 lines long. (Sp. 71-85.)

71. A. juniperifolia (Bartl.! Lin. 17, p. 376); twigs downy ; leaves
patent, linear-lanceolate, acute, flat, ce ae peltucid-dotted at the
margin, the younger ciliate with long, soft hairs; flowers umbellate ;
peduncles and calyx glandular; calyx-lobes lanceolate, sub-acute ; pe-
tals twice as long as the calyx, with sub-ciliate claws equalling the calyx,
and oblong limb ; sterile filaments rather longer than the claws of the
petals, linear, villous below, glabrous above, ovary and style glabrou

Has. Cape, Dr. Gueinzius! (Herb. Sond., a beato Kunze com.) :
Pi ogy than a foot high, with scattered or crowded, brownish grey branches and

Leaves horizontal or recurved, dull green above, pale beneath, 4-6 lines
long, 1 line wide. Pedunc. 12-20, 3 lines long. Calyx 1 Fine long, glandular at

72. A. acerosa (E. & Z.! 892); twi ves mi
x ! 892); twigs and leaves minutely downy 5
leaves erect, sub-patent, elongate-linear, with revolute margins, sub-fil-
few, one-furrowed beneath, mucronate ; flowers sub-umbellate; pedun-
oa and calyces downy ; calyx-lobes ovate-lanceolate, acute ; petals 4
oe as long as the calyx, with a capillary claw twice as long as the
‘ Yx, and an obovate limb ; sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx,
_— “spathulate, pubescent-ciliate below; ovary pubescent ; style gla-
a . - Linn. 17. p. 364.

Sond)’ May Places near Herculesfontein, Clanw. E. GZ.) Sep. (Herb. Lehm.,
An erect small bush, with ascendi branches, .

t ascending-erect, terete, glabro and even:

topped twigs. Leaves erect, but not imbricate, straight or incurved, Hinear-terete,

Agathosma. | RUTACEZ (Sond.) 429

impresso-punctate at the margin, 8-14 lines long, 4 line wide: petiole 1 line long.
Flowers tufted ; pedicels capillary, 5-6 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, its lobes mem-
brane-edged. Disc. cup-shaped, glabrous. Style elongate.

73. A. Eckloniana (Schlecht! 1. c. 207) ; twigs downy ; leaves spread-
ing, linear, acute, flat, hairy on both sides, with revolute margins, the mid-
tib prominent beneath; flowers umbellate; peduncles twice as long as
the calyx, glabrous; calyx-lobes linear-lanceolate, sub-obtuse, ciliate,
petals twice as long as the calyx, their claws equalling the calyx, gla-
brous, limb oblong, obtuse; sterile filaments equalling the calyx, linear,
broader at base, ciliate, glabrous above ; ovary and style glabrous.
“ag Pei stones on mountain sides, Howhoek, Stell., #. dé Z./ July. (Herb.

., Sond. .

8-12 inches hit, with greyish, sub-erect branches and scattered or whorled slender
twigs, with patent pubescence. Leaves sub-horizontal but closely set, 4°5 lines long,
nearly } line wide, with strongly revolute, thickened and ciliate margins. Pedi
10-16, slender, 2 lines long. Calyx 1 line long. Petals white, the capillary claw
equalling the limb, which has a gland below the apex. Ovaries 3, few-haired at top.
It dries dark green : and is known from allied species by its narrow-linear, hairy, re-
volute-margined leaves, glabrous peduncles and white petals.

74. A. bisulca (B. & W.!1.c. p. 129); twigs and leaves clothed with
very short pubescence; leaves erect, incurved, sub-imbricate, with recurved
points, thickish, linear, acute, concave above, convex-heeled, and two-fur-
towed beneath, with thickened margins; flowers sub-corymbose ; pedun-
cles and calyx downy, the calyx-lobes ovate, obtuse 5 petals 4 times longer
than the calyx, with a capillary claw more than twice as long as the calys,
and a roundish limb ; sterile filaments more than twice as long as the
calyx, spathulate, ciliate, glabrous-pointed, recurved ; ovary downy at
the point; style glabrous. Diosma bisulca, Thunb.! Cap. p. 22, Willd.
Sp. I. p. 1136. Ag. prolifera, H. & Z.! 893, non B. & W.

Var, 8.; leaves broader. A. glauca, H. & Z.! 875. ee
dog y. glabra; twigs, leaves, peduncles, and calyces glabrous or
nearly so, : 2

Has. Cape, Thi dy places at Bergriver, Worcester, Z.¢Z./ 8. at
Seevalicy, cleat Ga 9H ae interior, Niven! Between Kromrivier, Pi-
quetberg and se under 1000 f. Drege 7100. Aug.-Sep. (Herb. Thunb.,

d

a Mart., Son . 2 ais .
Erect, a foot or more high. Branches flexuous-erect, leafy ; scattered or

aggregate, bose, the
= line wide; in 8. 1-14 line wide. Peduncles numerous, racemoso-corymDo
lower axillary, Ms 5 ae long. Calyx-lobes 1 line long, convex. Petals white, the

with very short beak.

M4 . vd pe - ae ia
75. A. hispida (B.& W.! 1. c. p. 132); twigs and leaves pubescent
ispid ; leaves ic cma aes linear, channelled above,

i i ickened margins; flowers umbel-
Sypremioome Pa praige eee Ici Sesehetedinear, obtuse;
petals thrice as long as the calyx, the capillary claw glabrous, = Fes
long as the calyx, limb oblong, obtuse ; sterile filaments longer t a 6
calyx, linear, downy, with a glabrous recurved apex ; ovary ve Mae
style glabrous, Hartogia capensis, Lin. Sp. 288. Diosma capensis,

430 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

Mur. Syst. ed. xiv. p. 239. D. hispida, Thand.! Cap. p. 222. Willd. Sp.
I. p. 1135, Bucco hispida, R. § Sch. t.c. p. 446. Ag. trachyphylla, £.
& Z.! 865. 3

Has. Sands between Piquetberg and Verlooren Valley, and elsewhere, common,
Thunberg! Between Zwartland and Paardeberg, Stell., L. & E./ Pappe, &e. Paarl,
Rev, W. Elliott, Drege 7099. Jul.-Sep. (Herb. Thunb., Wendl., T.C.D., Sond.)

“A foot or more high, erect, much-branched, brownish-grey, with scattered and
sub-umbellate, erecto-patent, purplish, leafy branches. Leaves 3-6 lines long, with
4 rows of glands beneath. Peduncles numerous, 2~2} lines long, purplish. Calyx
purplish, 1 liné long. Petals glabrous. Carpels 3.—It varies with the upper leaves
incurved-erect and shorter peduncles.

76. A. hirtella (Sond.); twigs hairy-pilose; leaves spreading, i-
curved, linear, acute, channelled above, keeled beneath, hairy on both
sides, piligerous at summit; flowers umbellate; peduncles 4 times as long
as the calyx, minutely pubescent, ebracteate; calyx pubescent, its seg-
ments oblong, obtuse; petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw equalling
_ the calyx, glabrous, limb oblong; sterile filaments longer than the calyx,
lanceolate-linear, downy; ovary somewhat hairy; style glabrous.

Has. At Kardow, Zeyher. (Herb. Sond.)

A foot high, erect, much branched, the branches scattered or crowded, downy ;
twigs slender. Leaves mostly horizontal, sub-complicate, gland-dotted, 3-4 lines
long. Pedicels 4-6, downy, 24-3 lines long. Calyx } line long. Petals glabrous.
Ovary few-haired, at length glabrate. Carpels 3-2, glabrous, 2 lines long, shortly
eon muy horned,— Differs from A. juniperina by its sub-complicate, not acum

ves.

_ 7%. A robusta (E. & Z.! 863); twigs pubescent; leaves erect, sub-
_ imbricate, linear, channelled and glabrous above, convex-keeled and
villous beneath, with an ineurved point furnished beneath with a small
grbbosity; flowers umbellate; peduncles and calyces villous; calyx lobes
ovato-lanceolate, obtuse, keeled; petals twice as long as the calyx, this
pilose claw equalling it, the limb elliptical, narrowed at base ; sterile
filaments slightly longer than the calyx, linear-oblong, with a villous
claw ; style glabrous.
Has, Hills near Swellendam, Mundt! O = 2
A span high, with a thick root, and ee S thick as a goose quill,
divided above into branches 2-3 inches long. Leaves 3-4 lines long, the lower some-
what lanceolate. Peduncles numerous, lines long. Calyx-segments 1 line jong,
Semip dips mat yigwyps a capillary claw equalling the limb. Style fees
vay ete ae: 4 sight this looks like A. villosa ae hirtella,
_78. A. Joubertiana (Schi.! Linn. 6. p. 207); twigs hairy; leaves
erect, sub-imbricate, Panels or linear, ‘with Lie, tecaried point,
channelled above, sharply keeled beneath, the margin and keel ciliate,
afterwards scabrous ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles glabrescent ; calyx
glabrous, its lobes lanceolate; petals twice as long as the calyx, claw
cal equalling the calyx, limb oblong; sterile filaments equalling the
beowe Ratrow, linear as far as the middle and downy, filiform and gla-

Lé ZT Bb et ovary piloso-setose at summit; style glabrous

ey, Swell., Miss 17. Joubert. Oct. (Herb.

Agathosma. | RUTACER (Sond.) — 431

Allied to the preceding. Six inches high or less, with naked branches and leafy
twigs. Leaves 3-4 lines long, acutely keeled, the younger rigidly-ciliate, the old
scabrous-edged and keeled. Umbel rarely few-flowered ; pedune. 2-3 lines long.
Calyx 1 line long.

79. A. adenocaulis (E. & Z.!-902); twigs downy; leaves spreading,
linear, acute, channelled and quite glabrous above, convex-sub-carinate
beneath, pilogo-ciliate, the short petiole springing from a large gland ;
flowers umbellate ; peduncles twice as long as the calyx, downy, brac-
teolate; calyx glabrous, its lobes ovate, angularly-keeled, ciliate; petals
twice as long as the calyx, the claw a little longer than the calyx, rather
hairy, limb obovate; sterile filaments longer than the calyx, linear, downy
to the middle, glabrous tipped; ovary and style glabrous.

Has. Hills near Krakakamma, Uit, £. & Z./ July. (Herb. Sond.

A slender bush, the branches a span md with shies Fas Leaves <2 i
or patent, 4-6 lines long, the upper smaller, sub-imbricate. Peduncles numerous,
1}-2 lines long. Calyx 1 line long.

80. A. prolifera (B. & W.! 1. c. p. 185); twigs pubescent ; leaves spread-
ing, lanceolate-subulate, somewhat 3-angled, channelled and glabrous
above, keeled beneath, and ciliate at keel and margin; flowers umbel-
late; peduncles pubescent-hispid, thrice as long as the calyx; calyx gla-
brescent, its lobes lanceolate, ciliolate ; petals twice as long as the calyx,
the claw equalling the calyx, limb oblong-linear ; sterile filaments twice
as long as the calyx, linear-lanceolate, ciliate to the middle, style gla-
brous, Bucco prolifera, Wendl. ! coll. iti. 9.t.77. Rog Sch. lc. p. 445.

Has. Cape. erb. Wendl, sp. cult.

* eacchet cals twigs crowd mans the upper one lengthening beyond the
flowers. Leaves close, sub-erect or spreading, pellucid-dotted at edge, the lower 3-5
lines long, } line wide, upper half that size. Peduncles 10-15, 2-3 times longer than
the floral leaves. Calyx 1 line long. Petals glabrous,—In the shape of its leaves it
resembles A. Thunbergiana and A. cerefolium. Acpome cugheenien 2

81. A. melaleucoides (Sond.); twigs glabrous ; leaves recurvo-patent,
lanceolate-subulate, ern Piiod above, keeled beneath, gla-
brous; flowers umbellate ; peduncles glabrous, 3-4 times as long as the
calyx ; calyx glabrous, its segments ovate-oblong, obtuse ; petals sary as
long as the calyx, the claw sparsely-ciliate, twice as long as the oblong
limb ; sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx, linear-ciliate, style

glabrous, ae 3
Has. Cape. (Herb. Hook.) : NS aE: viata
Branch d twigs scattered or ternate, the ultimate crowded, 4-1 inch long.

Petiole shoots ona i ‘Leaves crowded, 2-3 lines long, } line wide,

it 2
wered ; pedunc.
gland-dotted at margin and cere floral smaller. Umbel 4-12 flow ; :
2 lines long, slender. Calyx } line long. Petals with a gland.— Allied to A, proli-
Jera ; differing in the glabrous, recurved leaves and long-claw -“

82. A. ericoides (Schl! in Linn. 6. p. 206); twigs pubescent ; leaves
erect-sabpatent, po keeled, and trigonous, channelled —t sub-
obtuse, shortly pilose all over ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles, downy, oe
than the glabrous calyx; cal. lobes inear-lanceolate, ciliate ; pe s
twice as long as the calyx, the glabrous claw equalling the oblong limb;
sterile filaments equalling or slightly exceeding the calyx, linear villoso-

432. ~ - RUTACEH (Sond.) ' [Agathosma.

ciliate to the middle, attenuated and glabrous towards the point, ovary
pilose to the summit; style glabrous. £. dé Z.! 906. D. pubescens,
Thunb.! in Hb. Holm.

Var. 8. glabrata; leaves glabrous, the upper mostly pilose; pedun-
cles glabrous or pubescent at base.

Van. y.; cauline and lower branch leaves flattish ; peduncles glabrous. —
A, geminifolia, LE. & Z.! got.

Has. Sandy places between Krakakamma and Vanstaadensriversberg, E. &Z.l
B. in the same place, Zey.! 2161 ex pte. Drege! 7109. Mts. near Swellendam, Zey.!

6168. Driefontein, Mosselbey, Drege/ 7094. ‘y. Vanstaadensberg, E. & Z./ Sep-
Oct. (Herb. Holm., Lehm., Sond.)

A bush 1-14 foot high, with erect, greyish branches and level-topped, rufescent
twigs. Lower leaves sub-distant, 6-8 lines long, the rest closer, 3-6 lines long, 3 line
wide, broader or narrower. Peduncles 2-4 lines long, with linear bracts. Calyx-
lobes 1 line long, broad at base, membranous and ciliate. Claw of the petals either
a little shorter or longer than the calyx.

83. A. rubra (Willd. et Licht.! ap. B. & W.! lc. p. 178); twigs pu-
bescent ; leaves erecto-patent, linear-subulate, channelled above, sub-tri-
gonous, mucronate, glabrous, with a thickened, incurved margin, flowers
umbellate-sub-capitate; peduncles shorter than the calyx or nearly as
long, pubescent ; calyx-lobes lanceolate-linear, ciliate ; petals longer than
the calyx, the claw nearly equalling it, limb oblong; sterile filaments
equalling the calyx, linear, obtuse, pubescent, glabrous pointed ; ovary

wee Sg the crown ; style glabrous. A. cuspidata, E. § Z./ 897, nom

Has. River Zonderende, Lichtenstein! Hott. Holland, Mundt and Maire/ Hills, —
oe and in Zwartland, E.dZ./ Oct. (Herb. r. Berol., Wendl,

_ An erect bush, more than a foot high, much branched, the branches and twigs
crowded, densely leafy. Leaves very narrow, punctate at margin, 4-6 lines long,
the uppermost 3-4 lines, } line wide. Peduncles shorter than the floral leaves, rarely
as long, ebracteate. Calyx ¥4 line long, pubescent at base, the segments narrow

from a broader base. Petals glabrous-clawed, or pilose at base. Carpels 3, glan-
dular, with long horns.

84. A. cuspidata (B. & W.!1.c. p, 182); twigs pubescent, leaves
erecto-patent, the lower often very patent, linear-subulate, very acute,
flat or slightly channelled above, keeled beneath; flowers wmbellate; pe-
duncles more than twice as long as the calyx; calyx-lobes lanceolate-
_ linear, ciliate ; petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw equalling tt,
_ limb oblong ; sterile filaments longer than the calyx, pubescent recurvo-
attenuate beyond the calyx, glabrous; ovary and style glabrous.

VAR. « vera 3 most of the leaves erect, glabrous ; peduncles pubet~
cent, Bucco cusdata, Wendl.! Coll. t. 81. D. mixta, Hort. Kew. D.
ee ee a, Bg Wl.

_, YAR. 8. glabra; branches, | . A, patentis-
) ee a mbes, eaves, and peduncles glabrous. A. pa
__ Var, y. bruniades ; leaves piloso-cili ing; cles

., AR. 7. bruniades ; leaves piloso-ciliate, mostly spreading ; pedum
ee fe haspida, Hort. D. bruniades, Link. ! Enum. p. 237. :

-,Var. a, Cape, Drege? 7103. Interior regions, Niven/ . near the Water-
oe ee ey, *y. Billenboach, W.HLH. (Herb. r. I Berol, Wendl.. Lehm.,

Agathosma.] RUTACER (Sond.) 433

__ Several feet high, with the aspect and leaves of the preceding to which it is nearly
allied, but from which it differs by its very acute leaves, and longer peduncles.
Leaves very narrow, punctate-glandular beneath, 4-8 lines long. greed sok
topped, 3-4 lines long. Calyx 14 line long. Carpels 3, punctate, ong-
Easily known from A. ericoides by its very sharp leaves, flattish above.

85. A. juniperina (Sond.); twigs hairy; leaves erect, or erecto-pa-
tent, linear, subulate-acuminate, sub-acute, flattish and glabrous above,
convex beneath, nerve-keeled, the margin and keel shortly ciliate ;
flowers wmbellate ; peduncles minutely downy, equalling or a little exceed-
ing the calysx, scarcely exceeding the floral leaves; calyx glabrescent,
the lobes lanceolate, keeled, ciliate; petals twice as long as the calyx,
the claws glabrous, shorter than the calyx, limb oblong ; sterile filaments
lanceolate-linear, little longer than the calyx, ciliate; ovary and style
glabrous.

Has. Winterhoeksberg, 2-3000 f. e/ 4102. Jan. erb. Sond.)

A small, slender, rathee haity sack tials with peace branches and short
twigs. Leaves 4-6 lines long, $ line wide, the upper shorter and more erect. Pe-
duncles few, 1-11 line long. Calyx 1 line long, with very unequal, keeled segments.
Sterile filaments very narrow.—Very like A. cuspidata B., but known by its flatter
leaves, convex-keeled beneath, not very acute, and ciliate or hirtulate with shorter
hairs, and the shorter peduncles. From A. prolifera it differs by its longer leaves.
shorter peduncles and wider petals. It is also very similar to A. Eckloniana.

C. Leaves small (1-3 lines long), oblong or lanceolate, or sub-linear-trigonous, flat
or slightly channelled above. (Sp. 86-96.)

86. A. patula (G. F. W. Mey. ap. B. & W. 1. c. p. 134); twigs pu-
bescent-scabrid; leaves spreading, sub-trigonous, channelled above, lan-
ceolate-linear, or linear, obtuse, convex, sub-carinate, and pubescent-scabrid
beneath ; flowers umbellate; the ebracteate peduncles and the calyx pu-
bescent ; calyx lobes lanceolate, obtuse ; sterile filaments twice as long
as the calyx, oblong, taper-pointed, everywhere hairy; ovary scabrid;
Style glabrous, ae 2 aot wa.

Has. C to us; not in Herb. Bartl. and Wendl.)
_4 Baek keanchoss srs see with scattered or crowded branches and twigs,
flexuous-erect, leafy upwards. Leaves close, the lowest very patent, thickish, shining
above, obsoletely impresso-punctate beneath, with a thickened margin, often ciliate,
2 lines long. Peduncles 4 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, its lobes unequal, keeled, oe
glandular. Petals unknown.—Seemingly allied to the following, but not quite
— _

oe é é : ce het

87. A. variabilis (Sond.); twigs pubescent, or hirsute ; leaves imh
cate, inane or x ante Sugeno, the apex aa one
late, at length sub-obtuse, slightly channelled and glabrous a Ha coe ;
vex-keeled beneath, piloso-ciliate at keel and margin ; —— “en poe
peduncles Jittle longer than the floral leaves, pubescent, or hirsu 3 ue
lobes lanceolate, ciliate ; petals twice as long as the calyx, au ec i
equalling the calyx, the limb oblong; sterile filaments ae a
silyx, lanceolate, villous ; style glabrous. A. Thunbergiana, B. § W.

Cc. p. 150, excl, syn. . Bt 3 :
Var. a, ; leaves erect, lanceolate-subulate, ciliate ; peduncles minutely

pubescent, — 98

434 RUTACEE (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

Var. £. leaves erect (short), oblong-linear or lanceolate, at length gla-
brescent ; peduncles pubescent.

Var. y.; leaves longer, with spreading points, pilose at keel and
margin; peduncles hirsute.

Var. 6.; lower leaves spreading, lin.-lanceolate, upper appressed,
imbricate, lanceolate, ciliate at keel and margin, afterwards scabrous ;
peduncles somewhat hirsute. A. patula, E. & Z./ 911, non Mey.

. Has. a. in Dutoitskloof, 1000-2000 £. Drege, 7108. 8. same place and at Paarl-
berg, Drege, 7106. y. (no station given) Drege, 7105. 5. mountain sides near Tul-
bagh Waterfall, Z.g Z./ Oct.-Jan. (Herb. Wendl., Sond.)

An erect shrub, a foot or more high ; . smaller, much branched, with crowded
branches and twigs. Lower leaves more distant and longer, 2-2} lines, upper I-13
line long, flattish or channelled, sparsely punctate beneath. Flowers mostly sur-
mounted with new branches, 8-16, sub-umbellate ; peduncles 2-3 lines long. Calyx
1-14 line long, hairy or glabrous-ciliate.—Var. a. is near A. prolifera from which it
i in the erect, imbricate, trigonous-pointed leaves, not dorsally-ciliate, twice
shorter peduncles and broader petals. Var. 8. is more like A. erecta; but differs in
the acuminate, acuter leaves, more hirsute peduncles and twigs, and innovations ex-
ceeding the leaves. Var y. approaches A. rubra, but the leaves are much shorter

and pubescence different. From A. ericoides it differs in the acute and shorter
leaves, always glabrous above.

88. A. eapitata (Sond.); twigs scarcely downy ; leaves imbricate, lan-
ceolate-trigonous, sub-obtuse, acutely keeled, long-ciliate at keel and mar-
gin, otherwise glabrous; flowers capitate; peduncles equalling the calyx,
glabrous, bracteolate below the apex; calyx-lobes lanceolate, keeled,
glabrous at. back and margin; petals longer than the calyx; sterile fila-
ments equalling the claw of the petals, linear filiform, glabrous at base
and apex, pilose in the middle; style glabrous. A. erecta, E. Mey. m
Hb. Drege, non B. &. W.

Has. By water-courses, Piquetberg, 2000-. £. Drege! Nov. (Herb. Sond.)

A small, much branched am, Pee high, with pth es oe branches,
short, about uncial twigs. Leaves appressed, channelled, 14-2 lines long. Heads
sessile, 10-20 flowered: pedunc. 1 line long, bracts lanceolate, ciliate, separate,
with 2 ciliolate bracteoles at the apex. Calyx-lobes concave-keeled. Petals with a

filiform, glabrous claw, and a shorter lamina. Ov il + top. Carpels 2, gla-
brous, with ciliate horns. a

89. A. erecta (B. & W.! 1. c. p. 135); erect, much branched; twigs
clothed with very short hairs; leaves imbricate, oblong-linear, obtuse,
trigonous, minutely gland-dotted, the younger ciliolate at keel and mat-
gin, adult glabrous ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles villous ; the segments
of the glabrous calyx ovato-lanceolate, obtuse; petals twice as long as
the calyx, the claw equalling the calyx, the limb oblong, or elliptical;
sterile filaments equalling the calyx or rather longer, linear, pubescent,
glabrous-pointed ; ovary and style glabrous. ;

_Var. a. 5 uncles shi : i erecta,
Wi por Colt, at A ee the floral leaves. Bucco

Var. 8.5 peduncles equallin i : leaves }
2] eq g, or a little exceeding the floral leaves;
flowers twice as long as in a D. brevifolia, Lam. Eneydl 2.p.285-

Var. 7.3 peduncles 2-4 times longer than the floral leaves. D. theiy-

Agathosma.]} RUTACEE (Sond.) 435

oides, Willd, !—R. § Sch. p. 462. A. erecta, 8. Wendl. excl. syn. Lam.
D. tenuissima, Lodd.— Willd. Sup. p. 12. Ag. tenwissima, Otto! D. Mey.}
Var. 6, pilosa ; leaves long-ciliate at margin and keel. Schl. Lin. 6.

Pp. 204.

Has. Among shrubs in the Cape flats, and Zwartland. y. at the Paarl. Noy.-
Dee, (Herb. Willd., Wendl., T.C.D., Sond.)

A much branched bush, a foot high, with scattered or crowded twigs. Lower
leaves sub-distant, upper closer, flat or channelled, keeled, 14-2 lines long, umbels
many flowered, in var. a, often few flowered, the peduncles variably pubescent, with
or without bracts. Calyx 1 line long or longer, keeled.—D. brevifolia, Lam.,
according to an authentic specimen sent by Prof. Roeper, is more robust and has
larger flowers than the other varieties, but does not otherwise differ. War 8, pilosa,
Schl. is unknown to me, and may belong to some other species. A. tenuissima, Otto!
cannot be distinguished from specimens of A. thuyoides, in Hb, Willd.

90. A. chortophila (E. & Z.!.914); glabrous; leaves erect, sub-ap-
pressed, sub-incurved at point, oblong-linear, sub-acute, trigonous, with
2-4 rows of tuberculoid-glands beneath; flowers umbellate; peduncles
downy or sub-glabrous; calyx gland-tubercled, its lobes sub-obtuse ; pe-
tals twice as long as the calyx, the claw equalling the calyx or longer ;
sterile filaments longer than the calyx, lanceolate-linear, pubescent-
ciliate, with a recurved point; ovaries and style glabrous. Bartl. Linn.

17. p. 367.

__ Var. a; leaves sub-distant, 2-3 lines long; peduncles downy or
half-glabrous ; petals oval. A. chortophila, EB. & Z.!

Var. 8. ; leaves sub-distant, 1 line long; pedune. sub-glabrous; pe-
tals oval-oblong or oblong. ens :

Var. y.; leaves sub-distant; the younger sub-imbricate, 13-2 lines
long ; peduncles minutely downy ; petals oblong. A. cyminodes, E.G 4.!
916. Bartl.!1.¢. p. 368.

Var. 4. ciliolata; leaves, especially the lower, minutely ciliate.

Has. Among grass and Restiacea at the base of the mountains near the Tulbagh
Waterfall, Z. & Z./ Var B. same Pry Drege 7107. Var. y. near Swellendam and
Koschmanskloof ; 8. with var. a. E.G Z./ Nov.-Dec. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.)

Erect, many stemmed, from a thick root, a foot or more high, glabrous, except the
Youngest twigs. Branches and. twigs slender, fastigiate. Leaves tuberculated with
long convex-glands, umbels 5-8 flowered ; pedicels 3-4 lines long. Calyx 4-1 :
long, glabrous, with oblong or lanceolate segments. Sterile filaments in vars. a, all
B. but little exceeding the calyx, in y. twice as long, narrowed at point. :

91. A. decumbens (E. & Z.! 912); stem decumbent-prostrate, branches
divaricate, twigs sop pe aes bescent; leaves: sub-imbricate,
linear-trigonous, obtuse, with thickened margins, 2-furrowed and im-
Presso-multiglandular beneath ; flowers Rey arse wpeate a ites
glabrous ; calyx-segments lanceolate, sub-obtuse ; petals twice
the calyx, thoclne shorter than the calyzx, limb obovate ; sterile filaments
linear, pubescent-ciliate, tapering to a recurved, glabrous point, longer
than the calyx; ovary pilose at the summit ; style glabrous.

z HA? Calcareous and angillaceous hills at Grasrugg, near Coega River Uit., B. §
H.R. (He, SOULE ee ;
numero’ a prostrate or rooting, 1-1} foot long, much

i retias anaes wal hat sub-umbellate twigs. Leaves straight or

sub-recuryed, with 4 rows of glands beneath, the lowest sub-distant, ee ee

436 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [Agathosma.

34-2 Tines long, 3 line wide. Peduncles few, 2-3 lines long. Calyx } line long.—
Readily known from allied species by its pubescence and prostrate growth.

- 92. A. nigra (E. & Z.! 917), branches weak prostrate; twigs downy,
with reversed hairs; leaves sub-imbricate, erect-appressed, linear, obtuse,
3-angled, sparingly impresso-punctate beneath, glabrous, rarely ciliolate
at keel and margin; flowers umbellate; peduncles longer than the
floral leaves, minutely pubescent or glabrate; calyx glabrous, its seg-
ments ovato-lanceolate, keeled; petals twice as long as the calyx, the
elaw half its length, limb obovate-oblong ; sterile filaments scarcely ex-
ceeding the calyx, oblong-linear, pubescent-ciliate to the very apex;
ovary pilose at apex; style glabrous. Bartl. Linn. 17. p. 366.

Has. Hills between Zwartberg and ivi .G Z/ Aug.
(Herb. Sond) rg Klynriviersberg, Caledon, E. ¢ 2./ ig

.A dwarf bush, with prostrate or ascending, greyish branches, 6-12 inches long,
and erect, fastigiate reddish twigs. Leaves sub-distant on the branches, crowded on
the twigs, channelled, 14-2 lines long. Umbel 3-6 flowered, pedunc. 2-2} lines
long, never quite glabrous. Calyx segments $ line long, not ciliate. Petals quite
glabrous, with an apical gland. Carpels 2-3, 1 line long, with short, straight horns.

. 93. A. fastigiata (E. & Z.! 918); branches fascicled ; twigs clothed
with very short, patent hairs ; leaves close, not imbricate, sub-appressed,
ovate or ovate-oblong, inflexed and acute at the point, rather concave above,
acutely nerve-keeled beneath, sub-trigonous, sparingly impresso-punc-
tate, glabrous ; flowers umbellate ; peduncles velvetty ; calyx-lobes gla-
brous, ovato-lanceolate, ciliolate ; petals twice as long as the calyx, the
glabrous claw equalling it, limb obovate-oblong; sterile filaments twice
as long as the calyx, lanceolate, villous, with a glabrous filiform apex;
ovary and style glabrous,

Haz. Mountain sides of the Langekloof, G: , E.&Z.1 Dee. erb. Sond.)

Many stemmed, erect, 6-8 inches high, wish sleala?: -~virgate, retiowsh, fastigiate
twigs, 2-4 inches long. Leaves 14 line long, 4 line wide. Umbels few flowered,
sometimes aggregate ; pedunc. longer than the floral leaves, 2 lines long. Calyx
giand-dotted without, the lobes keeled, sub-obtuse, 4 line long. Petals glabrous ; the
limb t line long.—Like A. erecta, but differs in the sub-simple branchlets, leaves not
imbricate, more ovate and acute, velvetty peduncles and smaller calyx.

94. A. asperifolia (E. & Z.! 872); twigs hairy ; leaves sub-imbricate,
oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, carinate-trigonous, obtuse, gland-tubercled,
rough ; flowers densely capitate, sub-sessile ; segments of the rough calyx
oblong, obtuse, ciliate ; petals thrice as long as the calyx ; sterile fila-
ments not equalling the claw of the petals, villoso-ciliate, glabrous
roa 5 elongate, pilose. Bartl. Linn. 17, p.379. A. salina, E. &

; , ex pte,

Lower leaves :. . . 4
lines long eevee: upper imbricate, rough with tubercles and
bie aed i ae 85 & pen. Calyx x tne long, the keeled segments
calyx, limb below. P us, With a capi claw twice as long 48
obovate, with a under the apex. Ster,-fil. narrow-linear,

at base, gland-tipped. Style at length elongating.

-

Agathosma. ] RUTACER (Sond.) 437

95. A. Gillivrayi (Sond.) ; dwar, erect, quite glabrous; leaves erecto-
patent, scattered or opposite, oblong or linear-oblong, obtuse, channelled
above, keeled and sub-trigonous beneath, with a sub-hyaline, pellucid-
dotted margin; flowers wmbellate ; peduncles 3-4 times longer than the
leaves ; calyx-segments ovate, obtuse ; petals thrice as long as the calyx,
the glabrous claw equalling it; sterile filaments twice as long as the
calyx, linear, downy in the middle; ovary and style glabrous. ~
. Has. Simon’s bay, M‘@illivray! Baron v. Ludwig! (Herb, Hook,, Sond.)

2-3 inches high, many-stemmed, with a long, white root. Stems erect, filiform,
rufescent, Leaves decussate, alternate on the young twigs, bright green, with a few
glands along the keel and margin, 14 line long. Umbels 4-6 flowered ; pedunc. 4
lines long. Calyx 1 line long, the lobes membrane-edged, naked. Petals glabrous.
- limb obovate, obtuse, narrowed at base, gland-dotted.—Allied to A. erecta, and A.
decumbens, but sufficiently distinct from both.

96. A. glabrata (B & W.! 1c. p. 165); quite glabrous ; leaves im-
bricate, thickish, oblongo-lanceolate or oblong, obtuse, convex beneath,
gibbous and trigonous at the apex ; flowers umbelled ; peduncles 2-4
times as long as the calyx ; calyx-lobes ovato-lanceolate, sub-carinate ;
petals twice as long as the calyx, the claw equalling it or a little shorter,
glabrous ; limb elliptical, narrowed at base ; sterile filaments a Uittle
longer than the caly, linear-spathulate, ciliate at base ; ovary and style
glabrous. A. thayoides, FE. § Z.! g10, non. Willd. A. erecta, 8., glaber-
ruma, Steud. f

Var. 8. Eckloniana; upper leaves shorter, sub-acute, densely imbri-
cate; calyx lobes ovate, acute; petals wider; ster. fil. linear, not wider
upwards.

Has, Cape flats near Duykervalley and Doornhoogde, and in Zwartland, Z. ¢ Z.!
Ectevalley, Zeyher! B. Cape flats, W. H. H.'! Zey./ 28. (Herb. Wendl., Lehm.,

-C.D., Sond.)

A foot high, erect, with straightish, scattered or crowded branches, and short,
leafy twigs. Leaves dense, erect, quite glabrous, concave above, convex-keeled be-
neath, sparsely punctate, glaucous-green, the lower 3-4 lines, the upper 3-2 ai
long ; in var. 8. the upper 14-1 line long. Umbel many flowered ; pedunc. 3
Jong. Calyx 1} line long; in 8. 1 line, ciliolate or glabrate. Petals 1} line long,
white or lilac. Carpels 2, glabrous, with short, straight horns. cadet

What is probably a variety of this species with minutely pubescent peduncles, is
preserved in Herb. Thunb. under the name D. virgata, b. ; the habit is the same,
and neither leaves nor flowers differ materially. I have not seen this plant in other
collections, cee

Dz Le l (2-3 li , thick or thickish, oblong or linear-oblong, very ob-
tuse, convee road jane aint aon aigeel swelling under the point ; concave —

97. A. florulenta (Sond.); twigs minutely downy ; leaves erect, sub-
patent, thick, prin re - oblong, obtuse, slightly — night
convex-keeled, obtusely trigonous beneath, remotely ciliate, at length gla-
brate; flowers umbellate; peduncles downy; calyx glabrous, its seg-
ments lanceolate, keeled, not ciliate; petals more than twice as long as
the calyx, the claw equalling the calyx, glabrous ; limb elliptical, obtuse,
narrowed at base; sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx, oblong-

linear, downy below, linear and glabrous above; ovary and style gla-
‘ us, eal >

438 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [ Agathosma.

Has. Hills near Zoutendaals valley, Zwell. Miss Joubert. Oct. (Herb. Sond.)

Dwarf, 4-5 inches high. Stems several, erect, with scattered branches and many
short twigs. Leaves sub-distant, 2-3 lines long, the upper close, but not imbricate,
2-24 lines long, rather more strongly keeled, and with a minute apical swelling.
Umbel 8-16 flowered ; pedune. twice as long as the outer floral leaves. Calyx 1
line long, with unequal segments. Petals glabrous, white.—Like A. sedifolia, Schl.,
from which it differs in the conspicuously keeled and sub-trigonous leaves, with re-
mote, very short and deciduous cilia ; and especially in the calyx.

98. A. sedifolia (Schl.! 1c. p. 206); twigs glabrous; leaves erecto-
patent, thick, linear-oblong, channelled, sub-cucullate at point, obtuse,
obtusely keeled, the margin and keel piloso-ciliate, then scabrous, other-
wise glabrous; flowers umbellate ; peduncles andj calyces glabrous ;
calyx segments ovate, acute, keeled, villoso-ciliate; petals twice as long as
the calyx, the claw short, downy, and limb obovate; sterile filaments
rather longer than the calyx, linear, pilose below, narrowed and glabrous
above, curving back at the point. #. § Z./ 862.

Has. Hills near Zoutendaals valley, Zwell., Miss Joubert! Oct. (Herb. Sond.)

A dwarf, glabrous bush, with leaves of a Sedum (stonecrop). Leaves very obtuse =
and thick, rugulose when dry, 3 lines long. Umbel 8-12 flowered ; pesuna a
longer than the outer floral leaves, 24-3 lines long. Calyx 1} line long. F i
white, obovate, narrowed into a short claw, downy above. ick

99. A. elata (Sond); quite*glabrous; leaves close, not imbricate, : ‘ q
erect, sub-appressed, oblong, obtuse, little attenuated at base, concave —

above, convex beneath, not gibbous at point; flowers umbellate; pedun-
cles 4-6 times longer than the calyx; cal. lobes ovate, obtuse ; petals

twice as long as the calyx, the claw equalling the calyx, glabrous, lamina

tle wider at base, ciliate quite to the apex ; ovaries and style glabrous. _

Var. f Niveni ; twigs at the end, and peduncles minutely pubescent ;
petals rather wider. se aes

ut Sond) 1500-2500 f. Drege! §. in the Interior, Niven! Nov. fo gs

slender shrub, several feet high, much branched ; branches spreading, twigs
crowded, yellow green, t-3 inch long. ‘Leaves 1-1} line long, pale green, or glau-
cous, oblong, wider upwards, the nerve obsolete beneath. Peduncles capillary, pale,
ag tn oe aes Calyx 3 line long. Known from A. anata oa ee
smaller leaves, not swollen at tip, little attenuate at m

slender peduncles and smaller flowers. ;

100. A. crassifolia (Sond.); quite glabrous; leaves erecto-patent, ob-
long, obtuse, semi-cylindrical, or slightly furrowed above, with a few im-
pressed glands beneath; flowers umbelled; peduncles 2-3 times longer
as the calyx, the claw pilose, longer than the calyx, limb elliptic-oblong,
glabrous ; sterile filaments twice as long as the calyx, linear, pilose beyond
the middle, glabrous at the point ; ovary and style glabrous. A. glabrata, —
. Mey.! in Hb, Drege, non B. & W.

vetale at Bs he and flowers smaller ; sterile filaments equalling the

elliptic-oblong ; sterile filaments tzice as long as the calyx, linear, a lite a

(Herb. Sond.) at Hexrivier-kloof, too0-2000 f. Drege Sep. . Drege i* Se

Nacrostylis.] RUTACEZ (Sond.) 439

erecto-patent ; in 8. ascending, twigs #1 inch long. Leaves on the branches close,

oblong or oval-oblong, very obtuse, with 3-10 gland-dots, 1}-2 lines long ; some oval,

smaller, scarcely 1 line long. Peduncles glabrous, 14-2 lines long, twice as long as

the floral leaves. Calyx 5-fid, its lobes ciliolate, } line long. Petals 2 lines long, in 8,

15 = 3 the claw linear, limb, in 8, shorter.—Known from the rest by its half-cylin-
eaves,

(a eter

(Doubiful species.)

_ A refleza (Link, Enum, Hort. Berol. p. 238). Diosma reflewa, Lodd.
t. B. d& W. p. 207. :
“A glabrous shrub. Leaves 6-8 lines long, densely set, sparse, recurvo-patent,

flat, narrow, linear, tapering to each end, acute, muticous, slightly crenulate with mar-

ginal pellucid dots, the younger sometimes hair-tipped, dull green above, much paler
th, with two rows of minute dots. Petioles a line long, pale, appressed, not
glandular at base. Flowers unknown.”—No doubt this is either a variety of A. cere-
olia, or of some allied species. It is altogether a dubious species ; for in Herb, Be-

Tol,, the specimen preserved under the name “‘reflexa,” belongs to A. apiculata.

as TX. MACROSTYLIS, B. & W.

Calyx 5-parted. Hi ypogynous-dise closing over the ovaries, perforated
by the ie Petals 5, tapering at base, bearded in the middle, Fila-
ments 5, exserted ; sterile none ; anthers roundish, with a minute, adnate
gland. Style lengthening after anthesis, slender at base; stigma obtuse,

Capsule longer than the calyx, of 3-5 horned carpels, B. § W. 1. ¢. p. 69.
— Juss, 1, ¢.p. 476, Endl. Gen. No. 6022. oe

Small bu ith alternate ite, short, nerve-keeled leaves, pellucid do
along the pei — nerve. Ors mae eoadhctohite or rosy, See ete at the —
ends of the twigs ; peduncles short, bracteate at base... Name from bmaxpos, large

>

long, and orvAos, a style,

LM win
re osa (Sond.

lanceolata, B. de W.1'l.0. p. 194 Be G Zel 817, ex pte.

berg and Muysen Aa
(Herb. Thunb, - a - aggregate, twigs leafy, qf
ep asisey : i run pa r-lanceolat » sg pa nerve- kh
—2 uncial. Leaves close, lanceolate, i" epee the dwigs igs. Flowers termi-

nal, $10 saeaae on very short pedice’s, pou bem’ : _ i

ybrous, 5 lines long, of 3-5 round-backed car-

late. Petals 2 lines long. pera
Hb. Drege); twigs short, glabrous or

440 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [Macrostylis.

minutely downy; leaves scattered, erect, imbricate, linear, obtuse, con-
cave above, convex-keeled beneath, glabrous ; flowers capitate ; petals twice
as long as the calyx, bearded in the middle.

' Has. Rocky places at Piquetberg, 1500-2000 f. Drege/ At 24-rivers, Zey.! 293.
Nov.-Dec. (Herb. E. Mey., Lehm., Sond.)

6-12 inches high and more, many stemmed, much branched, the twigs uncial or
shorter, erecto-patent, terete. “Leaves sessile, Siamese 1}-2 lines long, sub-
cucullate at apex, margin nude orroughish. Flowers sessile, Calyx glabrous,
1 line long, its lobes obtuse, ciliolate.—Readily known from the preceding by its
narrow and smaller leaves.

- 8. M. squarrosa (B. & W. p. 198); twigs short, minutely pubescent ;
leaves scattered, sessile, spreading, recurved or squarrose, basally ap-
pressed, ovate, or ovate-oblong, obtuse, flat above, the younger pubescent-
hispid, the adult mostly glabrate; flowers capitate ; petals longer than
the calyx, obovate, obtuse, bearded in the middle, Diosma squarrosa,
Wendl. in Hb. D. obtusa, G. F. W. Mey. M. obtusa, B. & W.! b,c. p. 197+

Has. Oliphants River, Hesse’ Sandy ground on mountain sides near Brackfon-
tein, F. &Z.! Rocky places at Uienvalei, 2000-3000 f. Drege/ Aug.-Dec. (Herb.
Bartl., Wendl., Mart., E. Mey., Sond.)

6-12 inches high or more, much branched ; branches erect or flexuous, mostly
aggregate, terete, the younger leafy. Leaves mostly alternate, close, or sub-distant,
with the margin flat or reflexed, fiat on each side, smooth and green above, paler
beneath, with a strong nerve, 1-2 lines long, Flowers 6-10, sessile or pedicellate.
Calyx glabrous, 1 line long, segments obtuse. Petals reddish, twice as long as the
calyx. me 4 times as long as the calyx.—M. obtusa, Hb. Bartl. and M. squar-
rosa, Hb. Wendl. are the same ; leaves patent, or squarrose-recurved, are found in

4 ‘MM. crassifolia (Sond.) ; twigs scarcely downy; leaves scattered,

ontally patent from the base, sessile, ovate, obtuse, sub-trigonous, flat

above, convex beneath, fleshy, glaucous, glabrous ; flowers sessile, capitate-

aggregate; petals twice as long as the calyx, obovate, obtuse, bearded
in the middle. ‘ |

Var. 8. affinis ; leaves erecto-patent, concave above ; twigs downy oF
glabrous, Drege! 7154.
reste gvalley, Zey.! 294. . (station not given) Drege/ 7157. Nov.-Dec. (Herb.

A greyish shrub, taller and stronger than the preceding, with more rigid branches,
mostly trichotomous ; it differs also in having sedis pe (4-1 line long), all equal,
horizontal, laxly set on the branches, thick, rigid, sub-globose beneath, and three-
angled by the prominent nerve, with several rows of glands. Flowers nearly as 10
M. squarrosa, but a little smaller. Calyx sub-angulate, the lobes obtuse, ciliolate.
Petals reddish, long-bearded. Style thrice as long as the calyx. Capsule glabrous,
5-6 lines long, with 3-5 oblong carpels, with reflexed horns.—Var. B., besides the

_ characters given above, has shortl: ch longer
| ‘She the py ° ve, y pedunculate flowers, and petals not mu

5. M. tennis (E. Mey. ! in Hb, Drege) ; twi peccto. atent, minutely
downy ; leaves scattered, sessile, pein eh sanke or Ovate-oblong, with
bas point, sub-obtuse, the hyaline margin ciliate-scabrid, convex
reg and somewhat nerve-heeled, glabrous ; flowers capitate-aggregate 5
pee nger than the calyx, bearded in the middle.
sg} Mah mets sn Dg! Dn, an

Empleurum.] RUTACEE (Sond.) 441

More than 1 foot high, erect, with slender, mostly ternate branches and uncial or

shorter twigs. Leaves 1 line long, uppermost half that size, closely appressed, some-
times with spreading tips. Flowers sessile, 6-10 together. Calyx 1 line long, the
lobes [obtuse, ciliolate. Limb of the petals patent, roundish, pointed, glabrous.
Style 4 times as long as the calyx.—This differs from the others of the genus by its
altogether appressed leaves,
6. M. ovata (Sond.); twigs patent, scarcely downy ; leaves scattered,
close, sub-imbricate, sessile, ovate, sub-acute, sub-recurvo-patent, concave
above, glabrous, nerve-keeled beneath, and hairy at the margin ; flowers
sub-sessile, capitate-aggregate ; calyx lobes lanceolate, obtuse, hairy,
ciliate at the hyaline margin; petals longer than the calyx, obovate-
cuneate, sub-acute, bearded in the middle.

Has. Interior regions, Niven/ (Herb. Mart., Sond.) : ; :

A foot or more in height, with patent, glabrous branches, the ultimate twigs uncial.
Leaves 2-2} lines long, 14 line wide, with flat. margins, the uppermost somewhat
imbricate, Flowers 4-6 together. Calyx 2 lines long, the lobes concave. Petals 4
longer than the calyx.—Style eventually elongate, a little thickened upwards. Habit
nearly that of an Acmadenia. It differs from A. squarrosa, B. & W. by the more ro-
bust growth, 2-3 times larger leaves, Ke.

7. M. hirta (E. Mey. ! in Hb. Drege) ; the spreading twigs and leaves
hairy; leaves scattered, sub-imbricate, sessile, patent, cordate-acute flat-
tish above, glabrous, keeled; flowers very shortly pedicellate, capitate-
aggregate; calyx lobes oblong, obtuse; petals longer than the calyx,
obovate-oblong, sub-acute, bearded in the middle.

Var. 8. glabrata; leaves and calyx-segments glabrous.

Has. Between Bervalley and Langevalley, at Zwaartbastkraal, Drege! Nov.
(Herb. E, Mey., Sond.) 5 a
. Scarcely a foot high, differing from the preceding by pubescence and gies
horizontal slightly keeled leaves. os A. Eee long he wide, ae rb neem
shorter. Fl -6 together. Cal ine long, the segmen' hairy
neath, ciliate. Petals sad d disc, &o. ai others. Capsule in . of 2-3 round bashed
carpels, 3 lines long, tipped with 1 line-long straight horns.

8. M. barbigera (B. & W.! 1 e. p. 195); geite globes: ; — and
twigs spreading ; leaves sessile, opposite, cordate, acute, g. re > ce
Sage Diosma barbigera, Linn. Sup. p. 155. Thunb.! Cap. p. 23%
4am,! Eneycl. 2, p. 287. et

Hap. Zwartland, Thunb.! Kardow Mt., Hesse, Zeyher 295. Dec. (Herb. —

-» Wendl., Sond.) ae roe
Erect, 1-2 feet high, flexuous, 2-3-chotomous ; branches mostly eee elancoas,
twigs terete, yellowish, leafy. Leaves cordate at base and very pe equalling
internodes or longer, pale green, and striate above, one nezved ant, Bis aie
int Pata cane gland-dotted, 3-5 nee ee long, its lobes lanceolate, acute,
keeled. Petals peed agony end, red, Jhite- bearded in the middle, Style thrice
48 long as the calyx.

Voven X, EMPLEURUM, Soland.

lowers ; isc obsolete. Corolla
fi i Calyx 4-cleft. Hgpogynous-disc obsole

none, — Rhone 4; aan sided, emarginate, with a > elbow
gland. Ovary of 1, rarely 2 carpels: style short; stigma elongate, cy.

442 RUTACEZ (Sond.) [Empleuridiwm.

drical. Carpels mostly solitary —Lam. Jl. t, 86. B. & W. l.¢. p. 200.
Juss. l.c. p. 476. T. 19. n.21. Endl. Gen. No. 6023. .
Only one species known. The generic name is composed of ev, in, and wAcvpoy,

the pleura or membrane surrounding the lungs, because the seeds are (as in others of
this tribe) contained within the membranous inner hull of the ripe capsule.

-1, E. serrulatum (Ait. Kew. ed. 1, vol. 3, p. 340); leaves scattered,
inear-lanceolate, flat, serrate; flowers axillary. B. § W./ 1. ¢. p. 200.
Diosma ensata, Thunb. Cap. p. 226, Emp. ensatum et serrulatum, E. §

4-angled, Fruit of a single, obliquely oblong, compressed carpel, nearly uncial,
punctate, glabrous, ending in a compressed, sword-shaped, obtuse horn. soli-
tary, shining. Embryo straight, inverse. Radicle short, superior. Cotyledons ob-
long, convex, fleshy.

APPENDIX. (Genus requiring further examination. )
_EMPLEURIDIUM, Sond.

Flowers dicecious. Calyx 4-partite, persistent, the sepals acute, 1-
bricating in wstivation. Petals 4, deciduous, sessile, ovato-sub-rotund,
inserted underneath the edges of a fleshy 4-lobed disc, stamens 4,08
the margin of the disc and alternating with its lobes; filaments subu-
late, shorter than the petals; anthers didymous, without terminal gland
or appendage. An abortive style-like ovary in the centre of the dise.
g : Ovary ?—Capsule oblong, follicular, dehiscing at the side, and t1
with a short, persistent style. Seed solitary, ascending-erect ?
the of a Juniper Se of Murasg and se eaten nliney homers NAS

rt: mint i 9 80. i ‘tsi Te
an alteration of Empleurum, to which genus Cicat ces alled. ns

1, E. juniperinum (Sond. & Harv.) Harv. Thes. Cap.t. 77:
Has. Near Caledon, Ecklon! (Herb. Sond.) 5 or :
Root simple, filiform. Stems several from the crown, 6-8 inches Tears |

branched from near the base, erect, or sub-erect ; branches virgate, —_ scabrous — a

poe sae patent, acicular-triquetrous, 6-12 lines long, } line in diameter, 8 reeds
‘tre margin and keel, acute, the younger hair-pointed, glabrous, dull dark i

Hees ut Pellucid dots. Flowers axillary, very minute, solitary ; pedi

, bibracteate at base, in the conical base of the calyx. Sepals 4,
pry somewhat keeled. Petals searcely longer than the sepals, cone

a » broadly ovate-sub-rotund, Stamens (in the male flowers) opposite the Ee

opening Caeuier them. Ovary not seen. Ripe capsule brown, 24 ine ee

laterally * Seed not examined, Whole plant glabrous. —

Pittosporum.] PITTOSPOREZ (Sond.) 443

Orpen XXXVIII: PITTOSPOREZ, R. Br.
(By W. Sonper.)

(Pittospores, R. Br. in Flinder’s Voy, 2.542. DC. Prod..1. p. 3453
Gen. No, cexxxiv. Pittosporacer, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. clxi.)
Flowers perfect, mostly regular. Calyw 5 parted or cleft, its segments
imbricate in estivation. Petals 5, hypogynous, free or with connate
claws, imbricate, deciduous. Stamens 5, hypogynous, free; anthers 2-

celled, introrse. Ovary syncarpous, free, 2-5-celled ; ovules numerous,

axile ; style single, terminal ; stigma obtuse or capitate. Fruit
or fleshy and pulpy. Seeds numerous (often lying in pulp), with copious
albumen and a minute embryo.

Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing, very numerous in Australia, with outlying spe-
cies in the Islands of the Pacific, Japan, Tropical Asia, the Mauritius, South Africa,
and the Canary Islands. The typical genus, Pittosporum, has as wide a range as the
Order ; the ro or 12 others associated with it are all confined to Australia. Leaves
alternate, petiolate, simple, entire or pinnatifid, sub-coriaceous, exstipulate. Flowers

ary or terminal, solitary or in racemes, corymbs or cymes ; amen ene,
white, red, blue, yellow, or greenish.

I. PITTOSPORUM, Seland

Calye 5-cleft or parted. Petals 5, their claws erect, connivent ; limbs
Spreading. Filaments subulate. Ovary sessile, imperfectly 2—s-celled ;
ovules many; style short, stigma sub-capitate, Capsule sub-globose or
obovate, with leathery, thick valves, carrying the septa on the face.
Seeds lying i in viscid resin and often massed together in a lump. Endl.
Gen. 5661. DC. Prod. 1. p. 346.

Shrubs or trees, widely dispersed. Leaves entire or toothed, Rees terminal

Ain or soli or co ene ergot Bite a e
yeas te ok ne ae

1. Bot. & 168 leaves Sova per.
. 1. P. viridiflorum. eae tae, wb te at the apex, very

“hela figs lien downy. Youn

c ae long, ir inch otie: flat or ma revolute
rig densely corymbose, tely branched, Phage sur-
See long Ptigma Petals yellow-green,

er 8 capitate. ule
ad. Tt varies ¥ with smaller flowers fe

oe Th

Sih.

444 | AURANTIACEE (Harv.) [Myaris.

ORDER XXXIX. AURANTIACEA,, Corr.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Aurantiacer, Corr. Ann. Mus. 1805.—DC. Prod. 1. p. 536. Endl.
Gen, No. cexxiv. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. 457.)

Flowers mostly perfect, regular. Calyz free, very short, 4~5 toothed
or sub-entire. Petals 4-5 (very rarely but 3), broad at base, free or
slightly cohering below, erect or spreading, deciduous, slightly or
strongly imbricating in the bud. Stamens hypogynous, as many or
twice as many as the petals, or a higher multiple of them ; filaments
free or connate, flat, tapering ; anthers introrse, terminal or fixed at back.
Ovary on a short, fleshy stipe, often surrounded by a crenulate disc, 5
or many celled ; ovules solitary or in pairs, or numerous, pendulous,
anatropous. Style terminal, simple, thick ; stigma obsoletely lobed.
Fruit pulpy, indehiscent, with a leathery rind, 1 or several-celled. Seeds
with a membranous coat, and very distinct raphe and chalaza, exalbu-
minous ; embryo straight, cotyledons thick and fleshy, radicle short. _
_ Trees or shrubs, chiefly of the Eastern Continents, everywhere sprinkled with pel-
lucid dots, filled with a strong-scented, essential oil. Leaves alternate, impari-pin-
nate, sometimes reduced to a single terminal leaflet. Stipules none. Branches often
thorny, Flowers white, and sweetly scented. The genus Citrus, the type of this
Order, includes the various species and sub-species of orange, lemon, citron, lime,
shaddock, &c. now commonly cultivated in all warm countries of both hemispheres.
Lime-juice, containing a large per centage of citric acid, is an invaluable preventive
of scurvy, in long voyages.

I. MYARIS, Presl.

_ Calyx minute, 4-parted. Petals 4, concave, free, spreading, imbricate
in the bud. Stamens 8, lypogynous, equal; filaments free, from a
thickened base, subulate; anthers sagittate, incumbent. Ovary raised
on a cylindrical, fleshy torus, obtusely 3-lobed, 3-celled ; ovules two 0
each cell, axile, collateral ; style short, thick, deciduous ; stigma 3-lobed.
Berry thinly fleshy, abortively 1-2 seeded. Presi. Bot. Bem. p. soul

_ This genus is proposed by Presl. for Elaphriwn . DC., Amyris incequalis,
Spr. and E.& Z. 2 Routh Rican: dasthese, ena ali, in many respects, #0
a, but the ovules are collateral, not superimposed. The name is an anagram

of Amyris. The genus was first indicated and characterized, but not named, by
Prof. Walker Arnott in Hook. Journ. Bot. Vol. 3. p. 152.

1 Myaris ineqnalis (Prosi. Bot. Bem. p. 40); Amyris inaequalis, Spr:
/ ; he yris mneequalis,
= ‘Syst. 2. p. 218, EL. & Z.! 1139. Elaphrium incequale, DC. Prod. t. Ps
724, Rhus obliqua, EH. Mey. in Herb. Drege, litt. d.
ae Arye Common in woods, &c. from the districts of George, through Uitenbage
Ane to Caffraria, and extending to Port Natal. (Herb. T.C.D. &c.) Z
: ee tree, 10-20 feet high, with strongly scented foliage, foctid if rubbed in
the hand. The very young twigs, petioles and leaflets are minutely downy, the
pS de Leadlets often approaching in pairs, but not opposite, $1 inch long,
2-5 ‘wide, unequal sided, the upper side rounded at bases wervation obvious but
a ie t. Panicles scarcely as long as the leaves, or much shorter, few flow-
eats sae anil white the petals very concave or hoodshaped. Stamens equalling
i : style. ~ = tree 8 pea, with a thin ee ee ae
with very thick and large cotyledons, eared sk ba ; a well developed plumule ; and

| Xanthoaylon] —-xaNTHOxYLER, (Harv.) 445

OrDER XL. XANTHOXYLEA, Nees & Mart.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

_ (Xanthoxylex, Nees and Mart. 1823. A. de Juss, 1825.—Endl. Gen.
No. cel. Xanthoxylacex, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. p. 472.)

Flowers mostly unisexual, regular, small, Calyx free, 4-5 parted. Pe-
tals as many as the calyx-lobes, deciduous, twisted in zstivation. Sta-
mens as many or twice as many as the petals, on the torus ; filaments
free, subulate ; anthers 2-celled. A rudiment of an ovary in the F
flowers. In the 9: stamens none, or rudimentary, hypogynous. Car-
pels 3-5, on a gynophore or stipe, separate or more or less cohering into
a plurilocular ovary; ovules 2-4 in each carpel ; styles united or more
or less distinct, sometimes very short or obsolete. Frwit fleshy or mem-
branous, 2—5-celled, or of 1-5 drupes or follicles. Seeds mostly solitary,
albuminous, with a shining (black) coat, rarely winged ; embryo the
length of the albumen, with flat cotyledons and a short, superior radicle,

Trees or shrubs, chiefly tropical, common in America and Asia, much less numer-
ous in S. Africa and Australia. Branches, twigs, petioles, and leaflets often armed
with strong and sharp prickles. Leaves alternate or opposite, abruptly or impari-
pinnate or pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets mostly pellucid dotted, entire or serrulate,
The properties are aromatic and pungent. The fruit of X. capense, called “ Wild
Cardamon” by the colonists, is sometimes prescribed for flatulency and paralysis,
Pappe, Fl. Med. p. 8. Some of the American species have similar, but much more
powerful qualities.

TABLE OF THE S. AFRICAN GENERA.

I, Xanthoxylon.—Stamens as many as the petals. Ovary of one or several one
seeded carpels ; styles distinct ; sti capitate.

"IL Toddalia.—Stamens ag many as the petals. Ovary ovoid, 4-5-celled ; stigma

sub-sessile, 4-5 lobed.

Be TE Vepris.— Stamens twice as many as the petals. Ovary sub-globose, 4-celled ;

stigma sessile, broad and peltate.
I. XANTHOXYLON, L.

_ Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4 (3 or 5) parted, small. Petals hypogy-
nous, as ringhee a the * ive ob tal alternate with them, a acl in
westivation. ¢: stamens as many as the petals and alternate; - ents
free, subulate. A rudimentary ovary. @: stamens none or at rtive,
Carpels 1-5, on a fleshy torus, separate or sub-coherent ; 0 iss & in
each carpel, collateral. Styles terminal, cylindrical, long or short; stigma
capitate. Capsules leathery, 1-5, sessile or stipitate, 2 aaa Se
seeded ; seeds black and shining —W. § A. Prod. 1. p. 148. Endl.

0» 5972.
i i i the branches,

Trees or shru th hemispheres, armed with sharp prickles on
~~ often on se pontten and nerves of the leaflets. Leaves Lippe pas
rarely simple or trifoliolate, mostly abruptly pinnate, often pellucid dotted. r
small in axillary or terminal panicles. The name is compounded of gav6os, yellow,
and tvAoy, wood ; the roots of some contain a yellow dye. The seh ng
to the sub-genus Ruerza, W. & A. (Fagarastrum, Don.), characterized by a 4-
tetrandrous flower, and a single carpel.

446 XANTHOXYLE® (Harv.) [ Toddalia. —

1, X. (Rhetza) capense (Harv.) ; branches armed ; petioles wnarmed,
channelled ; leaves paripinnate, leaflets elliptical, obovate, ovate, or
ovato-lanceolate, obtuse or acute, crenulate, sessile, sub-unequal at base ;
panicles axillary and terminal, puberulous ; flowers 4 parted ; ovary
single, ovoid ; style filiform, equalling the petals; stigmas capitate. Fa-
gara capensis, Thunb. Fl. Cap.p. 141. E. & Z.1 No.921. Fagarastrum
capense, Don.—Pappe, Fl. Med. p.8. Elaphrium capense, DC. Prod. 1.
p» 724. Rhus obliqua, litt. c. E. Mey.! (non Thunb.)

Has. In woods, in the districts of George, Uitenhage, and Albany, common ; also
in Caffirland, and at Port Natal. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Sond.)

A large, much branched shrub or small tree, the branches and twigs armed with
sharp, strong, horizontal, solitary prickles, usually placed under the insertion of the
petiole. . Leaflets in 4-5 pairs, opposite or alternate, 1-14 inch long, 2-6 lines wide,
the lowest smallest, the rest gradually larger, very variable in shape, with a trans-
lucent gland in each serrature, and sometimes sparsely pellucid dotted. Panicles
many flowered, shorter than the petioles. Petals of the ¢ flowers oval, concave,
very obtuse ; of the 2, ovato-lanceolate, sub-acute, keeled.

_2. X. (Rhetza?) Thunbergii (DC, Prod. 1. p. 726); branches, pe-
tiles, and nerves armed ; leaves paripinnate, leaflets elliptical, oblong, or
ovato-lanceolate, obtuse, or acute, or acuminate, crenulate, sessile, sub-
unequal. at base ; flowers and fruit unknown. Fagara armata, Thunb.
Fi. Cap. p. 141. EL. § Z.1 922.

Var, a. grandifolia ; lower leaflets elliptical or oblong, upper lanceo-
late, acuminate, 2-3 inches Jong.
: Var. 8. obtusifolia; leaflets elliptical or obovate, obtuse, }-# inch
ong.

Van. y. multijuga ; leaflets in 10-12 pairs, linear-oblong, 3 lines
long, 14-2 lines wide, a rc nck le

Has. Var. a, In woods near the Knysna, Bowie! Winterhoeks above Uiten-
met ago e ; 8. Macallisberg, Burke and Zeyher. -. Traaréwelah Das (Gill) (Herb.
ook., Sond.
A ve imperfectly known species, and whether the three varieties here enume-
rated, which agree in having prickly petioles, belong to one or more species, it is
impossible to say. The flowers and fruit of none of them are known to me.

3. X.?? alatum (Steud.); twigs wnarmed, virgate, glabrous and
glossy ; petioles winged between the leaflets; leaves paripinnate, leaflets

opposite, in 4-6 pairs, obovate, mucronulate, undulate, very entire ;

flowers and fruit unknown. Fagara alata, E. & Z.! 923.

aa, Tn parc reoon near Louisfontein, Clanwilliam, Z. 4 Z./ (Herb. Sond.)
_ The genus of this plant is wholly uncertain. The petioles resemble those of Hip-
pobromus alatus ; but ete oad glossy, and — brown, the leaflets qe
brous, with prominent -rib, not conspicu r-veiny: they seem
fully developed on E. & Z.’s specimens, . “te aad ee

IL, TODDALIA, Juss.

unisexual, - Calyx short, cup-like, 4-5 toothed or crenate.
i= eo? much longer than the calyx, a ee sub-imbricate in
eis fio ee stamens 4—5, equalling or exceeding the petals, inserted

of the gynophore, which bears a rudimentary 4-5 angled

Vepris.] - XANTHOXYLEZ. 447

pistil. @: abortive stamens very short. Ovary shortly stipitate, ovoid,
4-5 celled ; stigma sub-sessile, petals 4-5, lobed. Fruit fleshy, dotted,
2-5 celled; cells one-seeded, some often abortive. W. 6A. Fl. Penins.
p. 149. Endl. Gen. No.

Shrubs or small trees, natives of Bourbon, Mauritius, and South Africa. Leaves
alternate, exstipulate, trifoliolate, pellucid-dotted ; leaflets entire, glabrous, netted-
veined and glossy. Flowers small, in axillary or terminal racemes, spikes or pani-
cles. Kaki-Toddali is the Malabar name of 7’. aculeata.

T. natalensis (Sond.); unarmed ; leaves digitately trifoliolate (some-
times uni- or bi-foliolate) on sub-terete petioles; leaflets petiolate, lan-
ceolate or oblongo-lanceolate, tapering to base and apex, glossy, netted-
veined ; spikes (of male flowers) axillary, about equalling the petiole,
few flowered, simple or slightly branched; flowers sessile, quadrifid.

Has. Port Natal, Gueinzius! No, 67 & 650. Frontier of Albany, Mrs. F. W.
Barber! (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.) ec EES

A glabrous shrub much resembling Vepris lanceolata, but with a different inflores-
cence and flowers of diverse structure, petiolulate leaflets, &c. Bark cinereous,
Petioles 1-14 inch long, nearly terete. Leaflets usually 3, sometimes but 2 or 1,
3-5 inches long, 1-24 inches broad, tapering at base into distinct petiolules 1-3 lines
long, more or less acuminate, closely netted and multi-punctate. Peduncles 3-1
inch long, simple or slightly branched, bearing 4-8 or more sessile flowers. Calyx
sub-urceolate, 4-crenate. Petals 4, thrice as long as the calyx, oblong, spreading,
round-backed, concave above, obtuse. Stamens about as long as the petals. Abor-
tive ovary 4-angled. Female flowers unknown.

III. VEPRIS, Commers.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx short, 4—parted. Petals 4, much longer
than the calyx, twisted-imbricate in xstivation. ¢: stamens 8; 4,
Opposite the petals shorter, inserted round the base of the gynophore, ~
which bears a rudimentary 3-4 angled pistil. 9: ovary shortly stipi-
tate, sub-globose, fleshy, 4—celled; stigma sessile, peltate. Fruit fleshy,
4 (or 3) celled and furrowed; cells one-seeded, some often abortive.
Walk-Arn. in Hook. Journ, Bot. 3, p. 154. Endl. Gen. ee pts

Shrubs or small trees, natives of the Mauritius, Bourbon, an 30U ca.

ifoli : i rous, with netted veins, pellucid-
See a i ae ot oe ee ee =
ramble, :

1. V. lanceolata (A. Juss,) unarmed, glabrous; leaves digitately tri-
foliolate, the worse lanceo. acute or obtuse, undulate, sessile,
cuneate at base; panicle terminal, much branched. Boscia by age
Thunb. Cap. p. 1 59, H.§ Z.1 No. 1149. Asaphes undulata, DC.

2.p.90. Toddaira lanceolata, Lamk. Ill. n. 2760, DC. Prod. 2. p. 83.

closely reticulate, and multi-punctate, 2-24 inches long, 810 lines wide, very entire,

Senate, wh is shrub
4-1 -Té correctly referred to V. lanceolata, Juss., this shr
ys tag Obed, gland-dotted. :

448 OCHNACE (Harv.) _[Ochna.

Orver XLI. OCHNACEZ, DC.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Ochnacex, DC, An. Mus. 17. p. 398. Prod. 1. p. 735. Endl, Gen.
‘No, coxlviii. Lindl. Veg. King. clxxviii. Pl in Lond. Journ. Bot. vol.
v. p. 584, 644, and vol. 6, p. 1.) :

Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx free, 4-6 parted, mostly persistent,
frequently coloured, imbricate in estivation. Petals 4-6 (rarely twice
as many), deciduous, inserted at the base of a fleshy torus (gynophore).
Stamens definite or indefinite, hypogynous, free; anthers 2-celled,
elongate, erect, hard and dry, articulated with the end of the filament,
opening by pores or splitting. Ovary of 4-6 separate or connate, one
or many ovuled carpels; style single or none. Fruit drupaceous, or
berry-like; rarely capsular. Seeds exalbuminous, or rarely with a thin
fleshy albumen.

Tropical and sub-tropical trees or shrubs of both hemispheres, mostly glabrous,
with glossy foliage and bright yellow or orange flowers. Leaves alternate, simple,
shortly petioled, coriaceous or membranous, entire or serrulate, finely veined. Sti-
pules separate and deciduous, or united in one intra-axillary, persistent stipule.
Bitter tonics, and stomachics ; but only in local use. About 120 species, of which $
- are American, { African, and 1 Asiatic, are known,

I. OCHNA, Schreb.

Calyx 5-6 leaved, coloured, persistent. Petals 5-10, deciduous. Sta-
‘mens numerous; anthers linear, erect, basifixed, opening by short or
long pores. Ovary deeply 3-6 lobed, on a hemispheric torus; style
central, between the lobes, sub-entire or deeply 3-6-cleft. Drupes 3-6
or fewer, separate, on an enlarged, fleshy torus. Seed exalbuminous, DC.
Prod. 1. p. 735. Endl. Gen. 5959. Diporidium, Wendl.

African and Asiatic trees and shrubs, chiefly tropical. Flowers yellow; the calyx
frequently red or vinous purple, brightening as the fruit advances. Name, 0x”
the wild-pear, fancifully applied to this genus,

__1, O. atropurpurea (DC. An. Mus, 17. p. 398) ; leaves elliptical,
oblong or ovate, obtuse, coriaceous, sharply serrulate; pedicels solitary
or racemulose, on depauperated, naked branchlets, shorter than the
leaves; sepals elliptical, obtuse, enlarged and deep red in fruit; anthers
longer than the filaments, opening by short, terminal pores. DC.
I. p. 736. Diporidium atropurpureum, Wendl.—E. § Z.! No. 925. De
_ serrulatum, Hochst! in Pl. Krauss, No. 473.
' 8. natalitia; leaves larger, lanceolate-oblong ; flowers corymbos0-
—. Diporidium Natalitium, Meisn! in Hook. Lond. Journ. 2:
Has. Woods in the eastern districts of Caffraria, frequent; extending ,to Port
ag B., bale’ rig Erouse! bea repas Geb ToD! Hook Son.) Ms
shrub, high, igs with greyish bark, often ro’ wi
pustules. Petioles ik line Jong Leaves } inch to Tho Bg 4-6 lines
wile, SES eee with , closely set, raised veinlets, either rounded at
end, or tapering to a more or less acute point. Pedicels }-$ inch long, from
the ends of minute, denuded branchlets, j-1 inch long, solitary ; or in 8. 4-6 OF

Ochna. | OCHNACE& (Harv.) 449°

more in a short, imperfect racemule ; bracts scale-like, caducous. Calyx enlarging

after the petals fall, spreading. Drupes 1-2 or more, dark, as large as peas, widely

separated on the hemispherical torus, Style splitting in fruit.—Var. 8. appears to

be merely a luxuriant form, with larger leaves and more abundant flowers ; through

_ Hochstetter’s O. serrulata it is eonnected with the ordinary state. Its characters
probably depend on local influences.

' 2. 0. arborea (Burch. Cat. No. 4012); leaves elliptical or ovate-
oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, sub-entire or obscurely dentieulate ; pedicels
subternate or in short, 3-4 flowered racemules; sepals ovate-elliptical,
coneave, enlarged and red-brown in fruit; anthers longer than the fila-
ments, opening by small, terminal pores; style sub-entire. DC. Prod. 1.
P. 730. Diporidium arboreum, Wendl. EB. & Z.!-925. D. delagoense,
E. & Z.! 926.

Has. Woods in Uitenhage and Albany, Caffraria, and Port Natal, frequent.
Delagoa Bay, Forbes! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

A tree, 20-40 feet high. Twigs with greyish bark, often cracked or pustulated.
Petioles 1 line long or less. Leaves 1-24 inches long, 3-1 inch wide, rigid, reticu-

ted with more or less prominent veinlets, either quite entire: or with very shallow
or obsolete serratures, variable in shape. Pedicels either axillary or ending short
branchlets.—Known from the last by its arborescent habit, and larger and nearly
entire and paler leaves. Shoots from the root occasionally produce flowers, and on
one af these Ecklon and Zeyher found their 0. Delagoense.

3. 0. pulchra (Hook! Ic. Pl. t- 588); leaves elliptic-oblong, sub-
acute at each end, minutely spinuloso-ciliate, at length quite entire; ra-
comes many-flowered, pendulous, longer than the leaves; sepals 5-6, ellipti-
cal-obovate, enlarged and red-orange in fruit; anthers shorter than the

ents, opening by terminal pores; style deeply 5-6 cleft. Pl. in Lond.
Journ. 5. p. 655.
ne” -Macallisherg, Burke! Kalighari Desert, Lake Ngami, J. M‘Cabe. (Herb. —
ook., T.C.D, | i ae
_ A shrub, nie feet high. Twigs fulvous, somewhat angular, densely leafy. Pe-
tioles 2-3 lines long. Leaves 24-3 inches long, 1-14 ‘inch wide, pale — dry,
finely reticulated with slender veins, obtuse or acute, tapering at base poor a
tiole; the margin, in the young leaf, set with very slender, appressed, minute, su
bulate teeth, afterwards deciduous, leaving a perfectly entire margin. Racemes ps i
inches long, 12-14 flowered. A very beautiful shrub. According to Mr. b
Bushmen grease their heads with an oil expressed from the seeds.

SUB-CLASS IL. a
CALYCIFLORZ.

Calyx and corolla generally present. Calyx gamosepalous. Petals
Separate, or united itis seeeoppalui corolla, either perigynous or epi-
8ynous, Stamens inserted on the calyx (perigynous), or on a perigy nan
°r epigynous corolla. Ovary either free, or more or less adnate to the

calyx-ty}y,
Yx-tube, 29

450 CHAILLETIACEE (Harv.) [ Chailletia.

Orper XLII. CHAILLETIACEA, DC.
(By W. H. Harvey.)

(Chailletex, R. Br. Cong. p. 442. Chailletiacese, DC. Prod. 2. p. 57.
Endl, Gen. No. ecxl. Lindl, Veg. Kingd. No. cexxiii.)

Flowers (small) regular or irregular, perfect or polygamous. Calyx
5-cleft or parted, coloured within, with imbricate sstivation. Petals
(or barren stamens?) 5, inserted in the base of the calyx, and alternating
with its divisions, equal or unequal, simple or bifid. Stamens 5, oppo-
site the calyx segments, inserted with the petals, and combined with
them at base ; anthers 2-celled, introrse. Ovary free, sessile, 2-3 -celled ;
ovules in pairs, collateral, axile, pendulous. Styles 2-3, filiform, separate
or connate. Fruit a capsule or drupe, 2 or 1 celled ; seed solitary, ex-
albuminous: cotyledons fleshy.

Trees or shrubs, natives of the tropics of Africa, Asia, and America. Leaves al-
ternate, penninerved, entire, coriaceous, with small deciduous stipules. Flowers m
axillary di-trichotomous, much branched and many flowered cymes or fascicles. Of
this small Order but three genera, including 15-20 species are known: only one spe
cies is South African.

I. CHAILLETIA, DC.

Calyx deeply 5-parted. Petals sub-equal, emarginate or bifid. Sta-
mens §, alternating with the petals. Perigynous-glands 5, opposite the
petals. Ovary 3-celled; styles 3, filiform, distinct, or connate at base.
Drupe coriaceous, dry, abortively one-seeded. DO. Prod. 2. p. 57: Endl.
Gen. No. 5758.

Shrubs or trees, natives of the tropics of both hemispheres. Named in honour of
M. Chaillet, a Swiss botanist. - ;

1, C. cymosa (Hook. Ic. Pl. t. 591); twigs hairy; leaves narrow-
oblong, obtuse, somewhat narrowed at base, glabrous, coriaceous, ne
with veins; cymes pedunculate, panicled, shorter than the leaves;
calyx lobes linear, obtuse, erect; petals costate, deeply bifid; stamens

as long as the calyx-lobes; styles three, connate for half their length,
albo-tomentose below.

Has. Aapges River, Burke and Zeyher! Oct. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D.) :

A very dwarf shrub or suffrntex, under a foot in height, sub-simple or slightly
branched. Branches and twigs rough, villoso-pubescent, densely leafy towards the
extremity. Leaves 3-33 inches long, 6-10 lines wide, erect, closely set, with prom
nent ribs and veinlets. Peduncles 1-1} inches long, below the oblong panicle. Calyx:
_ Segments nearly 4 lines long, } line wide, slightly imbricate in zstivation, villose-

tomentose externally. Petals as long as the calyx-lobes, cloven to the middle, the
lobes linear. Fruit unknown.—A remarkable plant, very different in habit ete
ae * of the genus, but apparently not differing generically, unless the fruit afford

Celastrus. | CELASTRINE# (Sond.) 451

OrpDER XLIII. CELASTRINEZ, R. Br.
(By W. SonpEr.)

(Celastrinexe, R. Br. in Flinders—DC. Prod. vol. 2. p. 2. Endl. Gen.
No, cexxxvi. Celastraces, Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No. CCXXY.)

Flowers mostly complete, regular. Calyx 4-5-lobed or parted, persis-
tent, with imbricate estivation. Petals 4-5, inserted under the margin
of a fleshy, 4-5 crenate disc that clothes the bottom of the calyx, ses-
sile, flat, patent, deciduous, imbricate in estivation. Stamens 4- 5
alternate with the petals and inserted into or under the margin of the
disc ; filaments subulate ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, short. Ovary more
or less sunk in the disc, free, or slightly adnate at base, 2-3-5-celled ;
ovules solitary or in pairs, or several, collateral, erect or pendulous ;
style short, thick ; stigma lobed. Fruit 2-5 celled, either a dehiscent
capsule or an indehiscent drupe, or a samara. Seeds fewer than the
ovules, mostly with a fleshy or membranous arillus, albuminous (rarely
exalbuminous); embryo straight, with flat cotyledons and a radicle
next the hilum. ;

Trees or shrubs, erect or climbing, often spiniferous. Leaves opposite or alternate,
simple, entire or toothed, coriaceous, penninerved, often glaucous and mostly gla-
brous. Flowers small or minute, white or greenish, in axillary cymes or panicles.
Aril of the seeds often bright réd or orange. Natives of the warmer parts of Europe,
N. America, and Asia, with outliers in temperate S. America and in Australia ;
numerous in Southern Africa. None are remarkably useful. The fruit of the dru-
paceous genera is sometimes edible.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.
Tribe I. Evonynm. Fruit capsular, loculicidally dehiscent. ~
S24 _T. Celastrus, eaves alternate. Valves of the capst

simple. Ps
[=o _IT. Pterocelastrus. Leaves alternate. Valves of the capsule dorsally winged. —
>! TIT. Methyscophyllum. Leaves opposite. Disc hypogynous.

Tribe IT. Exzopenpre&.. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent. ee

B.n4 * Seeds exalbuminous. ; ess
Pat | IV. Hartogia. Leaves opposite. Disc hypogynous. Ovary 2-celled. Seeds
exarillate. ° ; ~
: ** Seeds albuminous. Ovules pendulous. ;
[sl V. Maurocenia, Leaves opposite. Disc hypogynous. Ovary 3-celled. Seeds
, ‘ ill t ~

*

*** Seeds albuminous. Ovules erect.

2 VI. sald ppeileny ibe . Flowers 4-5 parted, corymbulose. Drupe juicy

“wi in, crust-like putamen.
TLVEn, Meoisatsen’: Ine opposite, or the upper alternate. 17. 4-§ parted,
- eorymboso-paniculate. Drupe rather ty, with a very hard ligneous
OT VIII. Lonridia. " Leaves dippaiile: Flowers 4-parted, racemose. Drupe rather
dry, with a crust-like putamen. - 29*

452 CELASTRINEZ (Sond.) [ Celastrus. |

o-& IX. Mystroxylon. Leaves alternate. Flowers 5-parted, umbellate. Drupe dry,
with a crust-like putamen.

++ Seeds with an arillus.

2 XX. Seytophylium. Leaves alternate. Flowers pedunculate ; peduncle 1-flowered, —
or dichotomously panicled. Ovary 2-celled.

5-28 I. CELASTRUS, L.

Calyx 5, rarely 4-parted. Petals 5, rarely 4. Stamens 5, rarely 4,
inserted under an orbicular, perigynous disc, alternate with the petals ;
filaments subulate ; anthers introrse, 2-celled, longitudinally slitting.
Ovary half-sunk in the disc, 2-3-celled. Ovules 2, rarely 5-6 in each
cell, fixed to the central angle, ascending. Style short ; stigma 2-3
lobed. Capsule coriaceous, sub-globose, obovate or obcordate, sharply

~ or bluntly 3-angled, 3-celled, loculicidally 3-valved: valves placentife-
rous, Seeds in pairs or solitary, erect, with a complete or incomplete
arillus. W. d& A. Prod. Ind. Or. p. 158. Putterlickia, Catha & Celastrus,
Endl. Gen. 5674, 5678, 5679.

Unarmed or spiny shrubs, natives of the warmer parts of both hemispheres.
Leaves alternate. Flowers axillary, sub-umbellate, cymose or panicled, small, white or
greenish. The name is from «nAas, the latter season; because the species are late in
ripening their fruit.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN SPECIES.
A. Cells of the ovary 6-ovuled :

Branches smooth... 0.0.0... eve ee eee (4) pyracanthus. +
Branches densely warted ... ... 2. ... 4. ... (2) Verrucosus.
B. Cells of the ovary with 2-ovules;
* Unarmed (not spiny):
Capsule obovate or obcordate, blunt-edged.
Umbels on ong peduncles... ... ... ... ... (3) peduncularis.
Umbels on short peduncles; leaves obtuse ... ... (4) eordatus. a
Umbels sub-sessile; leaves acuminate ... ... ... (5) acuminatus. 7
Capsule 3-angled, or sharply 3-edged. ee
Leaves oval or sub-orbicular, quite entirée-edged ... (10) lucidus. :
Leaves elliptic-oblong, cuneate, toothed, 8-10 lines :
oi, Se ee ee ie
Leaves ovate or elliptical, acute, spinous-toothed,
13-2 inches long ... ... «.. . (12) procumbens.

Leaves obovate-cuneiform or rhomboid, “Wwavy-
toothed, obtusely serrate, 14-2 inches long... :.. (13) undatus.

** Armed with spines;
Leaves minutely downy ... ... ... vs + (9) tenuispinus.

Leaves quite glabrous: narrow or mnall:

wii vont tos i ee, 1) eee
Ws. lanceol., sub-coriaceous, penninerved, 24-3
inches long, 4-6 lines wide; panicle } as
oe long asthe leaf... ... w+ se (8) lanceolatus.

Celastrus. | CELASTRINEE (Sond.) 453

Wws. linear-oblong, cuneate, coriaceous, very
smooth above, 13 inch long, 3 lines wide (17) ellipticus.
lvs. oblong, thick, veinless, entire, 4-1 inch

long, 2-3 lines wide... ... ... ... ... (14) integrifolius,
lvs. obovate-cuneate, truncate-obtuse, or obcor- safe
date, spinuloso-serrate ... .. (21) angularis.

lws. obovate-cuneate, coriaceous, very smooth .
above, entire, 1-1 inch long, 3-4 lines
wide ; fl. capitate... ... sue ss. one (15) Capitatus.
Leaves quite glabrous; broader and larger.
lvs. obovate-oblong, cuneate at base, membra-

nous, crenulate ; }-1 inch wide, ... ... (18) buxifolius.
dvs. obovate-cuneate or ellip. lanceolate, spinu-

loso-serrate, 5-9 lines wide ... ... ... (16) heterophyllus.
lvs. elliptical, obtuse, acute at base, crenulate,

1-1} inch wide... ... .. .. ... ... (19) memorosus,
lvs. (the upper)"rhomboid, obtuse, serrate, 8-10 ee

dines Wid® 26006 se cs dew ew. ss. (20). Tomas.

Sect. 1, Putterlickia. Disc somewhat raised. Cells of the ovary
with several (about 6) ovules, Capsule 3-angled. (Sp. 1-2.)

1. C. pyracanthus (L. Sp. 285) ; spinous ; branches terete, glabrous,
even ; leaves obovate, serrate or entire, coriaceous, tufted ; flowers axil-
lary, panicled ; pedicels divaricate ; capsule 3-angled, 3-valved, 6-seeded.
Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p.220. DC. Prod. 2. p. 8. Bot. Mag. t. 1167. E.§Z.!
Wo. 935. C. integer, Thunb.! 1. c. C. obtusus, Thunb.! lc. p.217. 0.
campestris, B. & Z.! 937. Catha campestris, Prest. Bot. Bem. p. 34.

Has. Cape Flats and about Table Mt., beyond Salt River, Hout Bay, Zwart-
kops R., Adow and Quaggasflakte, Thunberg, L.§ Z./ &c. Zey., 2176. Mosselbay and

Zuureberge, Drege! (Herb. Thunb., Holm., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)
A shrub, 2 or more feet high, with curved branches, ae frequent on the

stem and branches, horizontal, short or 1-2 inches long, naked, rarely leafy « ee
i ‘ branches. Leaves tufted, rarely soli-

gga sometimes wanting on the upper ch
, elliptical, more often obovate-cuneate, emarginate, Ly acute Paget
margin, penninerved and netted-veined, 1-14 inch long or less. Peduncles solitary

or 2-4 together, 41 inch long, panicled at the apex, the panicle 3-12 flowered ; i

dicels 4-6 lines long, minutely bracted at base. Calyx minute, obtuse. Petals

long, 2 lines long. Stamens as long. Ovary conical, 3,

ovate, concealed within a coloured arillus. C. integer, Thunb! H: Bs a
branch, and the same as C. campestris, B, & Z! O. obtusus, Thunb! Herb. is a spine-

less branch.

2. C. verrucosus (E. Mey ! in Hb. Drege) ; spinous ; branches terete,
warted, the eet leaves sub-coriaceous, obovate-spatulate,
gradually narrowed into a short petiole, obtuse, emarginate, the margin
revolute, spinuloso-denticulate or serrulate ; flowers axillary, panicled ;
pedicels divaricate ; capsule 3-angled, 3-valved, a. a

Has, Woods between the Keiskamma and Buffel’s River, 1-2000 f., and at Po
ee ae

+ . . . : an E r
ea isi ee oF =e keental, 2 inches long on the branches, $

a curved, S strong,

‘ very warty. Spines tb r : pei,
inch on the twigs, and slender. Leaves 1-4 inch long, 6-9 lines wide, subun ¢
Narrower and as ocalaaoak than in the preceding. Panicle pedunculate, few-

rarely 4 celled, ovules bi-
iate, _ ; the valves thick, septiferous. Seeds
Serlate. Capsule red, 6-9 lines long, 3-valved ; [ick oe Canang

t

454 | CELASTRINEZ (Sond.) [ Celastrus.

flowered, equalling the leaf. Flowers 4 or 5-fid. Petals 1 line long. Capsule —
and seeds as in C. pyracanthus.

Sect. 2. Eucelastrus. Disc. orbicular. Cells of the ovary 2-ovuled.
Capsule obovate, sub-globose, three-cornered or 3-edged. (Sp. 3-21.)

Caapeule obovate, obcordate or sub-globose (not angular.) (Sp. 3-9.)
(a.) Unarmed, broad leaved. (Se. 3-5.)

3. C. peduncularis (Sond.); twigs sub-angular, thinly pubescent ;
leaves petiolate, ovate-oblong or ovate, obtusely acuminate, obtuse or nar-
rowed at base, crenato-serrate, glabrous, the younger downy on the
nerves underneath; umbel axillary, on a long peduncle, few flowered,
bibracteate, pubescent; pedicels equalling the leafy bracts; capsule 0
cordate-sub-globose. lex flecuosa, LZ. Mey! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Mountain woods at Howison’s Poort, near Grahamstown, H. Hutton! Zey!
2187. Between the Key and Gekau, Drege/ (Herb, T.C.D., Sond.)

A tree, 15-20 feet high, with terete ashen branches, and curved twigs. Leaves
2-3 inches long, 1-1} inch wide, ovate, obtuse at base or more oblong and narrowed
to each end, obtuse or emarginate, the upper sometimes sub-lanceolate, paler beneath ;
petioles furrowed, 2-3 lines long. Common peduncle 6-9 lines long. Umbel or
cyme bracted with 2 oblong leaflets 1-14 line long ; pedicels simple. Calyx ovate,
obtuse, pubescent, ciliolate. Petals rounded, twice as long as the calyx. Dise
somewhat lobed. Stamens §, short. Style very short. Capsule.4 lines long, 2-celled,
or abortively 1-celled, 2 seeded. Seed erect, elliptical, compressed, with a thin

4 ©. cordatus (E. Mey! in Hb. Drege) ; quite glabrous ; twigs eurved,
angular; leaves very shortly petiolate, cordate-ovate, obtuse, sub-emargl-
nate, or very shortly mucronulate, serrulate or sub-entire, paler under- —
neath; umbel axillary, shortly pedunculate, few flowered, glabrous, —
flower-pedicels equalling the peduncle, fruit-pedicels exceeding it;
capsule sub-globose or didymous. ae
‘ at eee shrubs near the mouth of the Omsamcaba, Drege! (Herb. Sond.

. Mey. ;
A shrub or tree, with terete, brownish branches, and acutely angular twigs.
Leaves 1}-2 inches long, 1-1} inch wide, veiny at both sides, with sub-revolute
margins. Petiole 1 line long. Common peduncle 1 line long; pedicels bracteolate
at base, as long, or in fruit twice as long. Calyx very obtuse. Petals roundish,

narrowed at the very base. Stamens 3-4 times as short as the corolla. C

— as large as a pea, 3-2-1-celled, cells 1-seeded. Arillus thin. Seed com
pressed.

5. C. acuminatus (Linn. Suppl. 154); quite glabrous; twigs angular,

striate ; leaves petiolate, elliptical-acute, or elliptic-oblong-acummate, a

cuneate at base, serrated, paler beneath; umbel sessile or nearly 80, about
_ 3-flowered ; capsule “obovate or obcordate, 1-2 seeded. Thunb. Fl. Cap.
p28. At
Tlustr. No,

ws

Agee
Oc cnetates at

Celastrus. | CELASTRINEE (Sond.) 455.

ee t
Haz. Among shrubs, East side of Table Mt., Pape, Krauss. Zwarteberg, Ge Symart (de

nadendal, Grahamstown, Winterberg and Kat River, &. ¢ £./ Drackenstein and the

Paarl, Drege, W.H.H. Winterhoeksberg, Krauss. Krakakamma and Howison’s
Poort, Zeyher! 2186, 2188, 2189, and several other localities. 8. Zitzekamma,
oe. = Omtata, Ecklon, Drege, 6745, 6746. (Herb. Thunb., Lam., E. Mey.,

-C.D., Sond.)

A shrub 5~6 feet, or a tree 12-15 feet high, with a trunk 7-12 inches diameter,
the branches and twigs spreading. Leaves unequal, sub-coriaceous, veiny on both
sides, the margin flat or recurved, the serratures acute or obtuse; petiole 2 lines
long, Peduncles 2-4, capillary, one flowered, 2-3 lines long, or cymose or umbellate
on & common pedunc, }-1 line long, rarely proliferously many flowered. Calyx 4-5
fid, obtuse. Petals 4-5, elliptic-orbicular, 4 times longer than the calyx. Stamens
4-§, very short. Ovary 3-2 celled ; style scarcely any, stigma thick, obsoletely lobed.
Capsule 3 lines long, 2~—3 lobed, bivalve, abortively one-seeded. Seed ovate-oblong,
with a thin aril_—T'wo sub-varieties may be distinguished by the form of leaf :—a,
with ovate or elliptic rhomboid, sub-acute or acuminate leaves, sub-obtuse at base
and minutely or coarsely serrate, the larger 2~3 inches long, 1-14 inch wide: 8. with
elliptic-oblong, long-acuminate, sometimes obliquely mucronate leaves, cuneate at
base and quite entire, the larger 2-3 inches long, 3-1 inch wide.

(b.) Armed with spines. Leaves narrow. (Sp. 6-9.)

6. C. linearis (Linn. f. Suppl. 153); spiny, quite glabrous, glaucous ;
leaves short-stalked, linear, remotely toothed or entire, one-nerved, vein-
less, coriaceous panicles axillary, cymose, many flowered, 2-3 times
shorter than the leaf ; capsules ovato-sub-globose, bivalve, 2-celled, 2-1
seeded, Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 219. C. stenophyllus, B. § Z.! 955. Eucen-
trus linearis, Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 33. Polyacanthus stenophyllus, Prest. l. e.

Has. Woods at Zondagriver, Graaf Reynet and Uitenhage. Thunberg, E.& Z.!
ir cesta Drege! Dec.-Jan. (Herb. Thunb., E, Mey., Lehm., T.C.D. Hook.,

nd.)

A greyish white shrub, with curved branches. Spines horizontal, 1-2 inches long,
Sometimes opposite, leafy, Leaves spreading, acute or obtuse, flat, 2-3 inches long,
2 lines wide. Panicle 2 inches long, the branches spreading, level-topped. Flowers
minute, white, 4-5 fid on the same branch. Calyx persistent. Petals oblong, as
long, or longer than the stamens. Ovary 3, ig celled. Style trifid. Capsule
2 lines long, mucronulate or obtuse, 2-3 valved, the cells 1, rarely 2 seeded. ieciese
oval-oblong, apiculate, raphe linear, testa shining chesnut, aril incomplete, cotyle:
dons rounded, radicle short, cylindrical.—Does C. linearis, Burch. Trav. ris 133,
from the Snowy mountains, belong here? ie es aay

7. ©. polyacanthus (Sond.); quite glabrous, very spiny; spines
strong ; ianchos ee leaves tufted or solitary, minutely petioled,
linear-cuneate, or linear-oblong, obtuse or emarginate, crenulate or quite
entire, membranaceous, i-nerved at each side, panicles axillary, cy-

: ‘ the leaves or half as short; stamens

Vou wm . ok Mp

456 _ CELASTRINEE (Sond.) [ Celastrus.

wide at the points, rarely wider, but often smaller. Panicle semi-uncial, and flowers
minute, like those of the preceding. Fruit unknown.—C, Willemetie, E. Mey! in
Hb. Drege, seems the same as this. The few branches collected by Drege are un-
armed ; the leaves are tufted, uncial, 2-3 lines wide, the panicle equalling the leaf,
and the capsule obovate or sub-globose, 2~3 valved, 2-seeded.

8. C. lanceolatus (E. Mey! in Hb. Drege) ; glabrous, spiny ; leaves
solitary, Zanceolate, narrowed at base, blunt, mucronulate, closely denti-
culate at the margin, penninerved on both sides, glaucous ; panicles
axillary, cymose, many flowered, 4-5 times shorter than the leaf; petals

oblong, longer than the stamens ; ovary 2-celled ; cells 2 -ovuled. Catha
patens, Presi. l. ¢.

Haz. Mouth of the Gariep, Drege! Sep. (Herb. Sond. T.C.D.)

Branches greyish-white; twigs lax, virgate. Spines 1-2 uncial. Leaves patent,
sub-coriaceous, 24-3 uncial, 4-6 lines wide, some smaller ; petiole 1-2 lines long.
Panicle $ inch long. Fl. minute, s—parted: Ovary 2, rarely 3-celled. sa ag very
short, stigma 2-lobed. Fruit unknown.—Differs from (. polyacanthus in the long-
lanceolate leaves, much longer than the panicle; from C.. linearis by the much
broader and penninerved leaves.

9. C. tenuispinus (Sond.); glabrous, except the leaves, spiny ; spines
slender, short; leaves tufted, linear-oblong or oblong, narrowed into a
short petiole, mucronulate, or sub-emarginate, minutely denticulate, one-
nerved, nearly veinless, minutely downy beneath and on the petiole ; pa
nicle axillary, few flowered, much shorter than the leaf.
_ Has. Macallisberg, Burke 20. Zey! 305. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

_ A greyish shrub, with erecto-patent branches, and sub-terete flexuous twigs
Spimes 3-6 lines long, leaves often not tufted on the young branches, membranous,
scarcely coriaceous, uncial, 2-3 lines wide, Petiole 1 line long. Panicle or eymule
on a peduncle 2-3 lines long. Flowers minute, unopened. Readily known by its
pores leaves. The capsule being unknown, its exact position in the genus is uncer

.

** Capsule sub-globose, 3-angled or sharply 3-edged. Catha, Endl. (Sp- 10-21-)

| g, veiny, dentato-.
rt, capsule 2-3 valved, 1-3

ate ata eee
f ad
“*

Celastrus.] CELASTRINE (Sond.) _ 457

Has. Grootrivier and Trompeterspoort, Bervalley, Uit. Zey/ Celast. No. 5. Nieuw-
veldsbergen at Beaufort and Camdebosberg, Drege! 6728. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)
A dwarf, much branched shrub, with short, pale, angular twigs. Leaves unequal,
the larger 8-10 lines long, 3-4 wide, smaller 4—6 lines long, 2-3 wide, one-coloured,
keeled-convex, the margin not revolute, somewhat toothed towards the extremity.
Petiole 1 line long. Pedune. 1 line long, jointed below the middle. FI. as in the
tia a the size of a pea, globose-trigonous, rarely 4-valyed. Seed
y arillate,

12. C. procumbens (Linn. f. Suppl. 1 53); glabrous; leaves shortly
petioled, spreading, ovate or elliptical, acute or obtusely recurve-pointed,
with the margin revolute and spinous-toothed, coriaceous, shining, netted ;
peduncles axillary, 1-flowered, crowded; capsule sub-trigonous, 2-3
valved, 1-3 seeded. B. § Z./ 934. . ilicinus, pl. Krauss. Cassine
artwulata, H. Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Sand Hills at Mosselbay, Thunberg/ Port Elizabeth, H. & Z./ Zitzekamma,
Krauss! Zey.! 2205. Between Omtendo and Port Natal, Drege! T. Williamson!

/ Ap.-Jun. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., Vind., T.C.D., Sond.)

A span or more in height, procumbent, with erect branches. ‘Leaves unequal,
paler underneath, mostly 14-2 inches long, 9-14 lines wide, on other branches 3
inch long, obovate, sharply dentate. Pedunc. few or many, 3-4 lines long. Flowers
small, white. Capsule as big as a pea, rarely 4~celled, 1-2 cells abortive. Aril
thin. 0. ilicinus, Burch. Trav. 1. p. 340, from the character given, seems to belong

rather to this species than to the next.

13. C. undatus (Thunb! Prod. p. 42); glabrous; leaves petiolate,
Spreading, obovate-cuneiform or sub-rhomboid, obtuse or sub-acute, wavy,
toothed, or coarsely and obtusely serrate, coriaceous, shining, netted; pe-
duncles axillary, one-flowered, crowded ; capsule trigonous, 2-3 valved,

1-3 seeded. (. collinus, H. & Z.! 931. C. dumetorum, E. & Z.! 932.

C. ilicinus, B. & Z.! 933. C. cymatodes, Spr. Syst. p. 775.

Has. Woods at Zwartkops River, Zey/ 2190. Botas’ E. § Z.1 Boschesmans
a 2185. Drege, 5612, ex pte. Feb.-Nov. ‘Herb, Thunb. Lehm., T.C.D.,

the sae lines long, 3-6 lines wide. Pedicels 3-4. ines long, slender.
tals oblong. Capsule trigonous or triquetrous. Xe as ae

14. C, integrifolius (L. f. suppl. 153); glabrous, very spiny ; branches
warted ; leave ite s ropes Pega seer te a ag pdb
long, obtuse or emarginate, quite en corvaceous, \ e-
what veiny beneath, the upper reflexed; panicles axillary, lax, longer
than the leaves; stamens not equalling the petals; capsules triquetrous,
3-celled, 3-seeded. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 219. £. §& Z. 936.

ialal paper ent tb, 6-12 lines long, 2-3 lines wide. Panicle 1-14 inch

.

on the spines,
times 0!

458 CELASTRINEZ (Sond.) [ Celastrus.

long, cymose, with spreading branches. Flowers white. Petals ovate-oblong. Style
scarcely any, stigma 3-lobed. Ovules in pairs. Capsule 3 lines long, scarcely
attenuate at base. Seed oval-oblong, imperfectly arillate.—This resembles C. polya-
canthus, but has thicker, not penninerved leaves, larger panicles, and larger flowers,
stamens, and ovary.

15. C. capitatus (E. Mey! in Hb. Drege); glabrous, very spiny, the
spines strong; leaves tufted, obovate-cuneate, emarginate, very entire, co-
riaceous ; panicles axillary, capitate-glomerate, thrice as short as the leaf;
capsules triguetrous, 3-celled, 3-seeded. C. rigidus, EH. & Z.! 947. &.
Mey. in Hb. Drege.

Has. Woods at the Zwartkops River, Z. ¢ Z./_Karroo at Koega Kammaskloof,
Zey./ 2177, 2178. Graaf Reynet, Mrs. F,W. Barber / Fish River and near Basche,
Drege! (Herb. E. Mey., Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

A rigid shrub, 2 or more feet high ; the branches secund, twigs very short and
leafy. Spines horizontal, 1-2 uncial, terete, sometimes leafy. Leaves 3-1 inch
long, 3-4 lines wide, flat, very smooth above, sometimes obsoletely veiny beneath,
the smaller obcordate ; petioles very short. Fl. 5-fid, small, white, numerous,
crowded : peduncles branched or simple. Petals 1 line long, equalling the stamens.
Style trifid. Capsule apiculate, with hard valves, 3 lines long. Seeds oval, incom-
pletely arillate.

16. C. heterophyllus (E. & Z.! 943); glabrous, spiny; the branches
angularly eiiate? a ape lender eee Setieeroue: leaves tufted,
sub-solitary on the younger twigs, elliptical, obovate-cuneate or ellip-
tico-lanceolate, obtuse, acute or sub-acuminate, spinuloso-serrate or sub-
entire, netted beneath ; panicles axillary, cymose, short, often glomerate ;
capsules rather large, trigonous, 3-celled, 3-1 seeded. C. cymosus and
parvifolius, E. § Z.! 948 & 949. Catha heterophylla and cymosa,
Pratt

Var &. glomeratus; leaves obovate or sub-orbicular apiculate, den-

tato-serrate; panicles glomerate, equalling the leaf or shorter. C. glo-
meratus, H, Mey.! in Hb. Drege.

Has. Woods at Olifant’s Hoek and Bosjesmansriver, in Adow, Zwarthoogdens,
Hassagaisbosch, and Grahamstown, £. ¢ Z./ 7. Williamson, Zey! 2181. H. Hutton!
Drege, 6730, B. between Gekau and Basche, Drege! (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)
A much branched shrub, 2-4 ft. high, with spreading, spiny, or sub-unarmed
branches , the spines patent, 4-6 lines, rarely 1 inch long, sometimes leaf and flower
bearing. Leaves very unequal, polymorphous, always larger than in the preceding,
some 1-14 inches long and 6-9 lines wide, others 8-9 lines long and 5 wide ; in var.
B. the lower 3-1 inch long and wide, obtuse at base, with a recurved or acute point,
upper 6-4 lines long. Petiole 1 line long. Panicle 3-5 flowered or 7-12 fi. sub-
sessile, ch aaa eee always shorter than the leaf, “Fi. small and white, 4-5 fid.
: Stamens short. — ule as large as a pea, reddish; seed obovate, with a thin,
tsar may possibly be (, savatilis, Burch. Trav. 2. p. 264, from Kor

17. ©. elliptions (Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 218); glabrous, with small

post 6 ves tufted, the upper solitary, linear-oblong, obtuse, greatly

moid; capsule
945, non Th.
Has, Woods at Amite:

trigonous, about seeded. C. integer, E. § Z.!

te, at Zwartkops R, and Vanstaadensberge, E. &

Celastrus. | CELASTRINE& (Sond.) 459

Z1 Thunberg, Zey.! 2180 and Cel. No, 6. Enon and Zuureberg, Drege! 6729,
6734- (Herb. Thunb., Sond.)

An erect, greyish shrub, called, “‘ Kammassie-hout” by the colonists. Spines 3-4
lines long. Leaves from an obtuse or mucronulate or emarginate apex, tapering
dually into the petiole, 14 inch long, 3 lines wide or less glaucous. Panicle aA sep
culate, longer or shorter than the leaf, branches spreading. Flowers small, 5 fid,
rarely 4~fid. Petals oblong, t line long. Capsule as large as a pea, mucronulate. It
differs from C. polyacanthus by its short, less frequent spines and thick leaves, without
veins above, rugulose beneath ; from C. integrifolius by the short spines, long-taper-
ing leaves, often crenulate, and trigonous, not ¢riquetrous capsules.

18, C. buxifolius (Linn. Sp. 285); glabrous, spiny; branches angu-
lar; leaves tufted, ovate or obovate-oblong, tapering at base, obtuse or
emarginate, serrulato-dentate or crenulate, veiny on both sides; panicles
axillary, corymbose, pedunculate, shorter or longer than the leaf; cap-
sules sub-globose, trigonous, 3-celled, 3-2 seeded. Thunb. prod. p. 42.
Fl. Cap. 220. Houtt. PA. Syst. 3. t. 21. f. 1. Catha buc«ifolia, Presl. 1. c.

Var. a. genuinus; spines mediocre, small or obsolete ; leaves obo-
vate-oblong, emarginate, cuneate, 1-24 inch long, #-1 inch wide or
wider, panicle mostly many-flowered: either (#«) equalling the leaf or
longer. C. buaifolius, humilis, and goniecaulis, E. & Z.! 942, 944, 940.
Drege! 6735. Zey! 304: or (88) panicle solitary or several together,
many-flowered, half as long as the leaf, or equalling it. C. cymosus,
Sol. Bot. Mag; 2070, spinis nudis. C. multiflorus, E. § Z.! 951, spinis
Aooriferis.

Var. 8. laxiflorus; spines mediocre, small or obsolete; leaves obo-
vate or obov.-oblong, obtuse or sub-acute, sub-membranaceous, 24 inch
long, 1 inch wide; panicle lax and mostly few-flowered. C. patens and
spathephyllus, B. § Z.! 939, 950. C. leptopus, Bernh, in Hb, Krauss.
Catha patens and spathophylla, Prest. ae

Var. y. venenatus; spines strong, very long, the lower 6 inches ;
leaves obovate-oblong, 2-24 inches long, 6-9 lines wide ; panicles 3B
gregate, many flowered, shorter than the leaf. @. venenatus, L. § A.
952, Zey! 2182. Drege, 6733. Catha venenata, Pres.

Var. 6. empleurifolius; spines small or obsolete; leaves obversely —

lanceolate, obtuse or sub-acute, 2 inches long, 4~6 lines wide, panicle
equalling the leaf or twice shorter. C. empleurrfolius, E. § - 9: 53, fol.
membranaceis. C. polyanthemos, E. § Z.! 954, fol. coriaceis. Zey 3179.

Var «. glomeruliflorus; almost unarmed ; leaves tie: ghia
obtuse, crenulate, much attenuate at base, 2-3 inches long, : os
wide ; panicle much branched, sub-sessile, dense, much shorter than the
leaf.

Has. Common from Capetown to Port Natal, in one or other of its multifarious as Pe {

t, . 0, D. &e, = 2 :
na png lira encoy ae high. Spines a naked or leafy, rarely floriferous, pa-
tent. Twigs often unarmed. Leaves unequal, obtuse #95 a a os
shor ioles. small, whi fid. Petals oblong, much longer
cal poco re pirates Centulen ts size of a small pea, rarely larger. Var. <
(from Camtous river) may be a species ; but we have seen but a single, unarm

twig of it. CO. multiflorus, Lam. Enc. Meth, 1. 663. seems to be a var, of C. busifo- 7

4ius; it does not exist in Herb. Lamk.

Del

460 CELASTRINEZ (Sond.) [Celastrus.

19. C. nemorosus (E. & Z.! 938); glabrous, spiny; spines strong ;
leaves tufted, solitary on the twigs, elliptical, rownded, obtuse, or shortly
emarginate, margined, dentato-serrate, shortly cuneate at base, sub-coria-
ceous, veiny; panicles axillary, ceymose, shorter than the leaf, or equal-
_ ling it ; capsules trigonous, 3—2-seeded.

Var. 8. panicles lax, few flowered. C. laxus, EH. Mey.!
Has. Krakakamma, Adow and Olifantshock, Hassagaisbosch, Howisons Poort,

and Port Natal, Z. & Z./ Drege, 9533. T. Williamson, Zey./ 2183, 2184. (Herb.
Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

Very like the preceding, but differing in the broader and rounder leaves, not much
attenuate at base, evidently serrate or toothed. Also allied to C. verrucosus which is
distinguished by its foliage, warty branches, and different fruit. Branches terete,
sometimes sub-verrucose ; twigs somewhat angular. Leaves glaucous above, livid
below, with raised nerves, the larger 2-2} inches long, 1-14 inch wide ; the smaller
uncial, Panicle many flowered, in B. looser and longer. Flowers of C. busifolius.
Capsule 3 lines long.

20. C. rhombifolius (E. & Z.! 941); glabrous, spiny; twigs sub-
quadrangular ; leaves tufted, solitary on the twigs, those of the tufts
obovate-oblong, gradually tapering into a petiole, crenato-dentate ; those
of the twigs rhomboid, obtuse, shortly cuneate, serrated, coriaceous, netted;
panicles axillary, cymose, equalling the leaf; capsules small, sub-orbi-
cular, trigonous, 3—2-seeded. Herb. Un. It. No. 161, ex pte.

Has. North and east side of Devil's Mt., Capetown, FE. § Z.! (Herb. Sond.) |

A shrub, with very short spines. The tufted leaves are quite like those of C. buat
folius, 14-2 inches long, 8-10 lines wide, emarginate, with larger crenatures or
teeth than in that species ; the upper 1} inch long, inch wide, coarsely serrate, ob-
tuse and apiculate. Panicle on a peduncle $ inch long, with divaricate branches,
the pedicels 2 lines long. Flowers § fid. Capsule the size of a pepper-corn, tipped
with a very short style.

21. C. angularis (Sond.); glabrous, spiny; stem and branches an-
gular-striate ; spines slender ; leaves tufted, cuneate-obovate, truncate-
obtuse, or obcordate, spinuloso-serrulate, or denticulate, very smooth
above, with raised nerves beneath, coriaceous, glaucescent ; panicles
axillary, cymose, longer than the leaf; capsules small, globose-trigonous,
apiculate.

Has. Grassy hills at Vanstaadensberg, Zey./ 2182. Grahamstown, Dr. Atherstone.
Transvaal, Dr, Sutherland! Feb. (Herb. Hook., Sond.) ‘

, A much branched shrub, with terete, ribbed and furrowed branches. Spines $
inch long. Leaves rarely solitary, 4 inch long, 3 lines wide, obtuse, emarginate oF
tipped with a recurved point, entire at base ; petiole very short. Panicles solitary
or several together, 4-1 inch long. FI. small, 5 fid. Petals oblong, equalling
Stamens. Capsule as large as a pepper-corn, furrowed, 3 valved, 3-2 seeded.

Doubtful Species.

22. C, rhamnoides (Poir. Enc. Meth. Suppl. 2. 145); leaves ovate
or lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate ; diese maake wemaey: tufted ;
peduncles simple, unequal, 1 flowered. 2B. § Sch. Veg. V. p. 422+

PAD. Cape. | (Herb, Juss.) |

Branches diffuse, grey, numerous, Leaves alternate sub-petioled, glabrous, Loe |
blackish. ee et capeale 3 veiled, on large Se: DNs ©

a

Pterocelastrus.] CELASTRINEE (Sond.) 461

Excluded from the genus Celastrus.

Astephanus frutescens, 7. Mey. (Asclepiadee).

Euclex sp. (Lbenacee.)

Ehretia Zeyheriana Buek (Boraginee).

Scutia capensis, Brg. (Rhamnew).

Dovyalis rhamnoides, /7. (Bixacee).

Dovyalis rotundifolia, H. (Bixacee).
brachiatum, 7. M. ( Bignoniacee.)

Cassinopsis capensis, Sond. (Ilicinea).

Rubiacea.

C. rotundifolius, Thunb. prod, 42
C. rigidus, Thunb. Fl. Cap. 220
C. ovata, 2. Mey./

C. No. 6747, Herb. Drege

[4

2

i

=

&

a

=

s
Henne a da

Il PTEROCELASTRUS, Meisn.

_ Calyx minutely §-parted. Petals 5, elliptical-orbicular. Stamens 5,
Inserted between the lobes of a fleshy disc, shorter than the petals.
Ovary half sunk in the disc, 3 celled ; ovules in pairs, erect. Style 1 ;
stigma 3-lobed. Capsule 2-3 valved, 3-6 winged, the valves septiferous
in the middle. Seeds 1-3, erect, with a membranous aril, testa coria-
ceous, shining, brown ; raphe linear. Hmbryo in horny albumen; the
tadicle inferior. Meisn. Gen. 1. p. 68. Endl. No. 5682. Asterocarpus,
E.§Z.! Enum. p. 122.

Trees or shrubs, natives of S. Africa, erect, glabrous, with erecto-patent branches

and alternate, coriaceous leaves. Flowers axillary, cymose or panicled, rarely sub-
sessile. Name from mrepoy, a wing, and Celastrus; this genus differs from Celastrus

by its winged capsule.
1. Cyme sessile or shortly pedunculate, fewflowered. (Sp. t-2.)

1. P. tricuspidatus (Sond.) ; leaves ovate-elliptical, or obovate, ob-
tuse, narrowed at base, veinless or obsoletely veiny ; cyme about 3-

flowered ; capsule 3-winged, the wings erect or inflexed, lanceolate, sub-
ulate at the point, swb-trigonous, with horizontal margins. Burm / Afr.

t. 07, f. 1.

Var. «. Lamarckiana ; wings of the capsule trigono-lanceolate,
mostly entire. A shrub or tree, 8-10 f. high. Celastrus tricuspidatus,
Lam.! DC. Prod. 2. p. 5. rpus typreus, E. § Z. / 955, excl. syn,
DC. Prterocel. typicus, Meisn.—Pappe, Sylv. cap. ee Ag

Van. 8. litoralis ; wings of the capsule trigono-lanceolate, all or one

or two bifid, or subtrifid. A shrub, 1-3 feet high. C. peterocarpus, DO, &,

l.c. Asteroc. Burmanni, E. & Z.! 958.

shrubs, round Table Mts. and Rondebosch ; and between Breede A...

Has.
snd Dulvenhade Mivee ‘Ver. Bs 4st Hott, Holland, near Saldanha Bay, Zwort
land, and in Zwellendam, £. ¢ Z./ Sieber, Mund, Pappe, éc. (Herb. Lam., Lehm.,

TO.D.; Senna: . = a

Branches terete, twigs angula Leaves uncial or biuncial, pale green when dry,
chins ae ee long, Petiole thick, 1-2 lines long. Cyme ses-
sile, or on a peduncle 1~2 long. Fi. small, white. Calyx obtuse. Petals oval-

oblong, patent. Capsule tricuspidate, 3 lines long. Wi ipstras< :
"sometimes in var. 8., by a twist, sub-vertical. ee ee knee eS

rr

tal margins. Asterocarpus litoralis, HE. § Z.! 957.

long, in var. a. not unlike that of P. tricuspidatus, but all the wings or

462 | CELASTRINE& (Sond.) [ Pterocelastrus.

2. P. litoralis (Walp. Rep. 1. p. 535); leaves ovate or obovate-oblong,
obtuse, narrow at base, veinless ; cyme sub-sessile, few flowered ; cap-
sule 3 winged, the wings spreading, flat, bipartite or bifid, with horizon-

Has. Sand hills near Port Elizabeth, £.¢ Z.! July. (Herb. Sond.) «ee

Very like the preceding, and only differing in the capsule, which with the wings 1s
4 lines long ; the wings 2 lines wide at base, flat, and not trigonous with a raised
keel. Leaves, flowers, and seeds as in the preceding.

2. Panicle cymose, shortly pedunculate, many flowered. (Sp. 3-5.)

8. P. variabilis (Sond,) ; leaves elliptical, obovate, or obovate-oblong,
obtuse, sub-emarginate, narrowed at base,.veinless or somewhat vey ;
panicle 4 times as short as the leaf; capsule 3 winged, wings ovate, =
mostly bifid, the lobes acute or obtuse, with vertical margins. De oa |

Var. «. acutilobus ; wings or their lobes ovate or acuminate. Aster.
nervosus, H.& Z.! 959. Pter. nervosus, Walp. l. c.

Var. 8. obtusilobus ; lobes of the wings broad, obtuse. A. arboreus, ——
E. & Z.! 960. Pt. arboreus, Walp. 1. ¢.

Var. y. armatus ; lobes of the wings wide, toothed oy lacerate, as _
well as the capsules here and there furnished with narrow appendages.
Ast. tetrapterus, EZ. & Z.! 962. Pt. tetrapterus, Wapl.t:c. ee Pde

Has. In woods. Var. a. in Grootvadersbosch and Wagenmakers. Bosch, EG 21 ee
Mundt! Pappe! Drege, 6727. Zey. 2194. B. Zwartkops River, Bothasberg. and om
Howison’s Poort, L. & Z./ Pappe, Hutton, Zey. 2197. Drege, 6726. ¥- om
and Kat River, Z.4@Z.! Oct.-Nov. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.) 4

A tree, 15-20 f. high. Leaves 1}~4 inches long, either quite veinless, or strongly
veined, the veins diverging, arching within the flat or revolute margin. Petiole 2-4
lines long. Panicle } stn haa common peduncle 2 lines long, branches forked,
spreading, bracteolate ; ultimate pedicels 1 line long. Flowers white. @aps.’ oor
bifid, the third sometimes entire. The lobes in var: 8. are very divergent, ‘aS wide
as the cells of the capsule, mostly obtuse, occasionally acutely toothed, and at the
base, as on the capsule itself, furnished with short wing-like appendages ; in 7. wide
lobes are intermixed with narrower, the margin sharply toothed or. te, and as
well as the capsule itself armed with numerous appendages or horns. 7

~

es as long as the petiole, rarely longer, fy
Bod, specie moialinc than in the a
base, so that the capsule is
4-wikged ; lobes of the wings di- |

M. ethyscophyllwm.] CELASTRINES, (Sond.) 463

cymose, nodding, shortly pedunculate, 2-3 times shorter than the leaf;
ovary 3 celled. Eleodendron Dregeanum, Presl, l. c.

Has. Rocky places at Wupperthal, 2-3000 f. Drege! 6725. Dec. (Herb. Lehm.,
T.C.D., Sond.) A
,_ Asmall, much branched shrub, with terete, greyish branches, and angular, spread-
ing twigs. Leaves erecto-patent, 1 inch long, 4-6 lines wide, some small and nar-
row, all thick, very smooth and shining above, concave, narrowed at base and apex,
obtusely or slightly emarginate, nerveless and veinless ; petiole 1 line long. Common
peduncle 3 lines long, angular, the pedicels simple or once or twice forked, the ulti-
mate thick, 1 line long. Flowers as in the preceding. Petals thrice as long as the

"Stamens. Ovary 3 celled ; style very short. Ovules in pairs, Fruit unknown.—

Readily known by its small leaves, minutely white-dotted over the whole under sur-
— At first sight it is more like a species of Seytophyllwm, but the ovary is trilo-
cular,

3. Panicle on a long peduncle ; its branches fastigiate.

6. P. rostratus (Walp. 1. c.); leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, ob-
tusely acuminate, narrowed at base, with revolute margin, veiny ; pani-

~ cle axillary on a long peduncle, half as long as the leaf or longer, many

flowered ; its branches divaricate; capsule armed with numerous, com-
pressed, wing-like, patent or recurved horns.

Var. Cm rgianus ; capsule ovato-globose, horned toward the
summit, r. rostratus, Thunb.! Fi. Cap. 218. Asteroc. rostratus,

Eg: Z.1 963. ter. rostratus. Presl, :

_Var. 8. polyceras; capsule sub-globose, from base to apex horn-
bearing, _ Asteroc. tricuspidatus, EB. § Z.! 964, excl. syn.

Has. In woods. River Zonderende, Puspas Valley, Grootvadersbosch, and
Voormansbosch. 8. in Duyvelsbosch, E. & Z.! Thunberg! Pappe! Zeyher, 2193.
Aug.-Sep. (Herb. Thunb., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.) : .

_ high, with a trunk 1~2 feet diameter, and ehitah sent bark. Twigs
yellow-purp! Leaves spreading, produced into an obtuse often emarginate acu-
mination, narrowed at base into a 3-4 line long petiole, shining above, dull green -
and paler beneath, 21-4 inches long, 1-14 inch wide, on some branches 2} long and
8 lines wide. Common peduncle uncial, panicle much branched. Fi. white. Cap-
Sule 4 lines long, 3 valved, the valves horned at back ; the horns unequal, 1-2 lines
long, some subulate from a wider, compressed base, incurved or recurved ; some
broader, wing-like, acute. In var. a. the capsule has 4-8 apical horns ; in 8. almost
the whole capsule is covered over with numerous, spine like, unequal horns.

6-1 IIL METHYSCOPHYLLUM, E. & Z.

dise, 3 celled ; orplen i nes oblong, obtuse, loculicidally 3-valved ;

. thick ; stigma 3 lobed.

3-—2~—1 seeded.

464 CELASTRINE (Sond.) [ Hartogia.

1. M. glaucum (E. & Z.! lc); Hartogia Thea, EH. Mey.! in Hb.
Drege.

Has. Mountains on the right bank of the Zwartkey River and Windvogelsberg
Mt., Tambukiland, £. & Z./ Klipplaat R. and Zwartkey, Drege! Nov. (Herb.
Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

A glabrous shrub, 8-12 feet high, with the aspect of Hartogia, with terete
branches, and compressed, opposite, fastigiate, greyish glaucous twigs. Leaves op-
posite, lanceolate, acuminate at each end, sub-emarginate, with revolute margin,
repando-serrate, coriaceous, glaucous, netted with veins, 2-4 inches long, 6-9 lines
wide. Panicles axillary, 8-12 flowered, much shorter than the leaf, dichotomous,
fastigiate ; the pedicels divaricate, bracteolate at base. Calyx obtuse. Petals 1 line
long. Capsule (unripe) 2 lines long. Seeds unknown.

O~1 IV. HARTOGIA, Thunb.

Calyx 4-5 fid. Petals 4-5, obovate-oblong, patent. Hypogynous-disc
fleshy, 4-5 lobed. Stamens 4-5, inserted between the lobes of the dise.
Ovary 2-celled ; cells 1-ovuled. Style short, thick; stigma 2-lobed, the
lobes emarginate. Drupe dry, ovate, 2-celled, 2-seeded, often abortively
one-seeded. Seed erect, exarillate, with a coriaceous coat ; albumen

none ; cotyledons leafy, elliptical ; radicle short, cylindrical, inferior. -

Endl. Gen. 5687. |
Shrubs with opposite, coriaceous, glaucous leaves, with revolut -serrulate mar-
Peduncles axillary, cymose or panicled ; flowers minute, , pedicellate.

Coplon. in memory of John Hartog, an early Dutch traveller in South Africa and
: mn.

1. HL eapensis (Thunb, Diss. nov, pl. Gen. 5. p. 35, cum icone) ; leaves
petiolate, ovato-lanceolate or lanceolate, acuminate, obtusely emarginate,
serrate ; panicles axillary, pedunculate. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 142. B.S
Z.! 980. Schrebera schinndes, Th. nov. act. Ups. 1. p. G1. Sef Te

Var. a. lanceolata ; leaves lanceolate, narrowed at each end, ] panicle
lax, cernuous, much shorter than the leaf, H. capensis, E. § 2.1 980.

Var. 8. latifolia; leaves larger, ovate-oblong, obtuse, more or less
narrowed at base ; panicle lax, much shorter than the leaf. H. riparta,
E. § Z.! 982.

Var. y. multiflora ; leaves smaller, obovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse,
rather narrowed at base ; panicle cernuous or sub-erect, many flowered,
yh = red as the leaf. H. multiflora, B. § Z./! 981. H. capensis B.,
BE ag _Grootvacdersbosch, and woods near the Zonderende, Thunb./ Breede River,

yuri and 24 rivers, FE. ¢ Z./ Zey.! 2206, 307. Dutoitskloof, Drege!

iB. near Sal Bay, #.&Z./ -y. at Paarlberg, Drege! Tulbagh, EB. d& Z./ Aug:

rik or i ery
so that the unopened flowers look Peti hh line.
pars = Heese « glomerated. Petals 1} line long. Calyx ¢
bi ; = Yor on : Yoteterat 7 arta — Seeds ovate ; testa black

st

Maurocenia. | CELASTRINEE (Sond.) 465

V. MAUROCENIA, L. (r¢/:)

Calyx minute, 5—parted. Petals 5, longer than the calyx. Hypogynous-
disc annular, circling the ovary. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals,
and longer than them ; anthers roundish. Ovary sessile, 3-celled ; ovules
in pairs (or solitary), pendulous from the inner angle of the cell. Style
very short ; stigma 3-lobed. Drupe somewhat juicy, 2, 3, or 1 seeded,
with a hard stone (putamen). Seed inverted ; testa coriaceous ; aril
_ none. Hmbryo in fleshy albumen ; cotyledons flat ; radicle superior.
Maurocenia and Cassine, sp. Mill. Dict. Cassine sp. Linn. Gen., Lam., DC.

A glabrous shrub, with uadrangular twigs, opposite, coriaceous, quite entire
Seaton, and axillary cymoid RR of small, white flowers. Ni; si honour
of a noble Venetian horticulturist, F. Mauroceni.

M. capensis (Sond.) Cassine Maurocenia, Linn. Sp. p. 385. Willd.
Sp. £. p. 1493. Thunb. Fl. Cap. p. 268. #H.&§ Z.! 984. Hook. Ic. Pl.
552. Frangula sempervirens, &c., Dill. Elth. 146. t, 121. f. 147.

Has. East side of Table Mountain, and about Camps Bay, F. § Z./ d&c. common.
Dec. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D., &e.) : : oe

__ An erect shrub, 4-5 feet high. Branches terete ; twigs purplish, angular. Leaves
~ Very short-petioled, sub-orbicular, elliptical, ovate or obovate, obtuse, slightly emar-
ginate, with the margin revolute, thick, shining, often livid beneath, 2-2} inches
long, 13-2 inches wide. Peduncles crowded, 3-4 lines long, 1 flowered or branched,
panicled, Calyx obtuse, fimbriate. Petals toothed. Drupe oval, as large as a
cherry, Engl. name, “Hottentot Cherry.”

“eg VL CASSINE, L. (ex pte.)

4-5, inserted under the disc, shorter than the petals or nearly as |

with a hard stone (putamen). Seed erect ; aril none ; embryo in fleshy
albumen ; cotyledons flat; radicle inferior. ee
Glabrous, erect or climbing shrubs, with 4-angled twigs oe emangt uthery, very
entire or serrated “sites sad axillary cymoid inflorescences small white flowers.
generic name is unexplained. .

hy

Dill. Elth. t.236. Thunb.! Fl. Cap. p.269. E. § Z.1 986. €..
“gat 8. Colpoon (DC. Prod. p. 12) panicle looser, 7

_ ‘Has. Woods, &c."in the Cape, Swellendam, and Uitenhage di

long, {-1 inch wide, or smaller ; petiole 2~3 lines long. Panicle fa

Tine long. " Flowers 4-5 fid, white. Disc somewhat lobed. St.
petals. Drupe obovate-roundish, purple, mostly 1 seeds ae

4. C. barbara (L. sp. 385); twigs exactly 4-angled, the opposite sides

466 CELASTRINEZ (Sond,) [Cassine.

2. Ovary bilocular ; stigma 2-lobed. (Sp. 2-7.)
* Leaves quite entire.

2. C. parvifolia (Sond.) ; twigs angular ; leaves short-petioled, ovate-
oblong or oblong, acute at each end, sub-inflexed at the apex, emargt-
nate, with revolute margin, concolorous, veiny beneath ; veins confluent -
within the margin ; pedicels axillary, one flowered, 2-3 times longer than —
the petiole.

Has. Witsenberg, Zeyher! Dec. (Herb. Sond.), x : Bee

A dwarf shrub, with terete, brownish purple branches. Leaves equalling ~ aa
ternodes or longer, very smooth above, beneath furnished with a thick midrik re
6-8 divergent veins, not unlike those of a Scytophyllum, 1-1} inch long, 6-8 inches
wide. Petiole 2 lines long. Peduncles slender, 3-4 lines long. slags <
Calyx segments ciliolate. Petals 3—4-times as long as the calyx. Hyp. dise fleshy.
Stam. shorter than the petals. Fruit unknown. os

** Leaves serrate: erect shrubs. (Sp. 3-4.)

3. C. Capensis (L. Mant. 220); twigs patent, sub-angular ; leaves Sag
ioled, ovate or obovate, very obtuse, emarginate, narrowed at base, ©
nato-serrate, flat or with sub-recurved margins, netted, livid bene
panicles axillary, 4 as long as the leaf; style bifid. Burm. Afr. t

E. § Z.! 988, non Thunb. C. Kraussiana, Bernh.

eat. Huonymus Colpoon, Lin. Mant.200. Burm. 4

wr oe § Z. 987, ex pte. Stee

ie ne E. § Z.1 de. Zey.! 2204, and 2199, ex pte. (Herb. Thunb.,
ee SS, om ‘e) st i : oa = : ia

A glabrous, greyish shrub with opposite, alternate or clustered.
Leaves entire at base, upwards closely or distantly bluntly serrated,

bose, mostly semi-uncial ; in 8, an inch or more in diameter, pedi

channelled ; leaves sub-sessile, thick, broadly ovate or sub-orbicular, svb-
cordate at base, obtuse or emarginate, crenato-serrate, s above, 33
nd netted-veined beneath ; panicles axill ichotomous

Lleodendron.| CELASTRINEZ (Sond.) 467

cordate-ovate, obtuse, sub-emarginate, undulato-serrate, netted at both

ads aot beneath; cymes on long peduncles, few flowered ; drupe 1-2
seeded.

Var. 8. heterophylla; lower leaves ovate, upper ovate-oblong, cor-
date at base. Celastrus heterophyllus, E. Mey.!
Has. Woods at Plettenberg Bay, #. & Z./ B. Rocky places on the Witberg,
5000 f. Drege (Herb. E. Mey., Sond.) F
A tall shrub with alternate, brownish grey branches, and lax, mostly trifid a
Leaves equalling the internodes, 1}-13 inch long, 8-15 lines wide, some smaller, flat
or with sub-revolute margins, serrulate, the teeth often spinigerous on the young
» leaves, mostly obtuse on the older 3 herves prominent on both surfaces. Petiole }
line long. Common peduncles 6-9 lines long ; cyme 6-12 flowered. Flowers mi-
"Rute, 5 fid. Drupe as large as a pea, In var. B. the upper leaves ‘are 3-34 tabs
long, inch wide, with short obtuse acumination ; the petiole }-1 line long. This
differs from C. barbara by the long, slender, flexuous, subscandent branches, much
thinner leaves, veiny at both sides, and the lax, few flowered panicle.

6. C. Albanensis (Sond.) ; stem terete, flexuous, sub-scandent ;—
branches divaricate ; twigs angular; leaves sub-coriaceous, petiolate,
Cvate, obtuse or obtusely acuminate, emarginate, undulato-serrate, netted-
Veined at both sides, obtuse or a little narrowed at base ; panicle tricho-
tomons, half as long as the leaf ; ovary bilocular. ;
een, . W. Barber! (Herb. T.C.D.) _ es

cn the ped EE ta 3 dice, Petivie 2 lines long. Leaves 1-2
inches long, 1 inch wide, not cordate but mostly narrowed at base, green above,
mostly livid beneath, Panicles lax ; common peduncle’ 3-4 lines long, twice or
thrice-trichotomous, its branches bracteate at base, the ultimate pedicel 3-flowered.
Flowers sessile, minute, 5 fid. Petals oblong. Fruit unknown.
2. C. scandens (E. & Z.! 989).; glaucous ; stem flexuous, scandent,
4-6-winged ; aes divaricate, 4~angled; leaves short-petioled, oblong,
obtuse or sub-acute, sub-cordate at base, undulato-serrate, sub-coriaceous,
netted-veined on both sides ; ¢ axillary, pedunculate, 2-3 times
shorter than the leaf; drupe sub-globose, mostly one-seeded. = gyi
ragonus, Thunb.! prod. p. 42. Rhamnus tetragonus, Thunb. ! Fl. Cap.
: : L. refractus, E. Mey.f om =
vate-oblong, or ovate, obtuse, sub-cordate

va ‘Adow, also near Galgebooch, E.G Z.1
ie Sep.-Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Lehm.,

) fing,
long, 6-9 lines wide, but the lower
: and narrower. In var. 8. they are 2-23

1 A ae u ev roe ma argin in. and : shor aiycalteg

wus serratures. Common peduncles 4-6 lines long, equal-
ay nate pedicels with clustered ap at
: nbriate, das as . St. short.

gota fas Fa

nt, broad at base. Stamens
et. ade. goa —

468 CELASTRINEE (Sond.) [Lauridia.

obsoletely lobed. Drupe dry or nearly so, with a hard, woody, 5-celled,
sometimes 2-1 celled stone. Seeds solitary, oblong, exarillate. Hmbryo
in fleshy albumen ; cotyledons leafy; radicle inferior. DC. Prod. 2. p.
10. Lam. Ill. t.132. Elwodendron and Chloroxylon, E. & Z.!

Trees or shrubs, with glabrous, mostly opposite leaves, and axillary, sub-corym-

bose peduncles ; flowers small, white——Name from eAaa, an olive, and devdpoy, a
tree ; from some resemblance in foliage to the olive. Eng. name, “ Olive-wood.”

1, E. Capense (E. & Z.! 979); glabrous ; branches rough with points ;
leaves sub-opposite, petioled, coriaceous, elliptic-ovate or ovate-oblong,
sub-acute or acuminate, quite glabrous at both sides, netted-veined,
remotely serrate, with revolute margin ; panicles simple, dichotomous ;
drupe ovate or ovate-oblong, 2—3-celled. Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3835. E. pa-
pillosum, Hochst.! in Krauss, Beytr. 42. Ilex crocea, EZ. Mey.! in Hb.
Drege. Cassine crocea, Presl. !

Has. Primitive woods of Zitzekamma and Krakakamma, and at Gauritz River,
E.&Z.! Swellendam, Mundt! Vanstaadensberg, Zey.! 2191. Port Natal, Kravss/
Jul. (Herb. Vind., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

An erect shrub. Leaves 2-3 inches long, 1-1} inch wide, opposite, or sub-alter-
nate ; petiole 3-4 lines long, furrowed. Panicle few or many flowered, inch long.
Pedicels bracteolate. Flowers 4-parted. Ovary sunk in a flat disc. Drupe }-1 inch
long, red, rugged, with a hard woody nucleus. Seeds mostly 2, sub-compressed, red-
brown, shining.

2. E. croceum (DC. Prod. 2. p. 11); glabrous ; branches verrucoso-
scabrid ; leaves mostly opposite, petioled, oblong, obtuse at each end, or
obovate, narrowed at both ends, obtuse or retuse, quite glabrous at both
sides, netted-veined, serrato-crenate ; panicles shorter than the leaf ;
drupe globose, 4—5-celled. Pappe, Sylv. Cap. p.10. Ilex crocea, Thunb. !
Fl. Cap. p. 159. Crocorylon excelsum, E. & Z.! 983. Rhamnus capensis,
Spreng! Cassine parnfolia, E. Mey.! and Drege No. 6740. Elaodendron
ones Kunth! Linn. 19. 393. @. Zeyheri, Turcz. Bull. Mose. 1858.
3. Pp. 452.

Has. Primitive woods of Krakakamma, Olifantshoek, Adow, Vischriver and Kat
River, Thunberg, E. & Z./ Drege! &c. Fi. Jul. fr. Apl.-May. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.)

A tree, 20-40 f. high, 2-4 f. in diameter. Wood hard, yellow, “Saffranhout.”
Branches terete, grey, alternate or crowded ; twigs sub- . Leaves 2 inch
long, } inch wide, less coriaceous than in EZ. capense, but more netted, the sub-re-

| margin with small serratures, spinulous on the young leaves. Peduncles in
a corymbose panicle } or } of the leaf ; or several undivided one flowered pedicels,
jointed in the middle. Calyx 4 parted, obtuse. Petals 4, 14 line long. St. 4, shorter
than the petals. Ovary sunk in a 4 lobed fleshy disc, 4 angled, 2 celled ; cells 2
ovuled. Style short ; stigma obsoletely lobed. Drupe the size of a small cherry.
Seeds 1-2.—Salacia Zeyheri, Planch.—Harv. supra, 230, proves to be merely
an abnormal state of this tree, with triandrous flowers, stamens, &c. !

Mystroxylon.} CELASTRINEE (Sond) — 469

A shrub with terete branches, opposite, ovate, very entire or sparingly toothed,
netted veined leaves, and panicled, aeillany racemes of small white oe Remark.
able by its general habit and inflorescence ; possibly hereafter to be united with Cas-
sine, unless better characters should be found in its imperfectly known fruits and
. ae name is an alteration of Lawrus ; because the foliage resembles that of
a laure

1. L. reticulata (E. & Z.! 968.) L. rupicola, B. & Z.! 969.

Has. Among shrubs at Zoutpanshoogde, at Zwartkops R., and in Winterhoek,
Uit.; also at Bothasberg, Grahamstown. E. d Z.! 7’. Williamson / Hills at Elands
River, Zey.! 2198. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.) :

Au erect, glabrous shrub, 8-10 feet high, trichotomously branched, with grey
bark ; the twigs angular. Leaves 1-2 inches long, very variable in form, erect,
ovate, obovate, sub-orbicular, ovate-oblong or oblong, often acute, rarely obtuse or
emarginate, rounded or somewhat narrowed at base, very smooth above, netted-
veined beneath, and traversed by a thick midrib, coriaceous, rigid, with sub-revolute
margin. Petiole thickish, 2 lines long. Racemes panicled, } inch long. Flowers
white, about 1 line long, the upper ones on the same rachis sessile, the lower sub-
ternate at the tips of short pedicels. Rachis and pedicels short, angular, furnished
with minute, acute, persistent bracts. Calyx obtuse. Petals twice as long. Drupe,
of which very few have been examined, as large as a small pea, roundish and reddish.

<6 IX. MYSTROXYLON, E. & Z.

Calyx minute, 5-lobed. Petals 5, spreading, roundish-ovate. Stamens
5, short. Ovary sitting on a furrowed, fleshy disc, 2 celled ; ovules in
pairs, erect. Style very short ; stigma obsoletely bi-lobed. Drape dry
or fleshy, globose or ovato-globose, with a hard, 2-celled or one-celled
stone, 1-2 seeded, seed erect, exarillate ; raphe linear; embryo in sub-
horny albumen. £. & Z.! p.125. Elodendron, sp. Endl. =

i es, and sm umbellate, mostly
ewes Sea Pa waits w a Cosas into Gres of the colonial « Lapelhout
8poon-wood. ‘
1. Fruit quite juiceless, small. (Sp. 1-8.)

* Leaves serrate or crenate ; umbels pedunculate. (Sp. 1-4.)

1. M. confertiflorum (Tulasn. Ann. Se. Nat. 1857, Bot. p. 106) ;
branches terete, the re glabrous or downy; leaves petioled, ovate,
obovate or elliptical, obtuse, shortly emarginate, cuneate at base, crenate
or callous-serrulate, netted-veined at both sides, shining, coriaceous,
glabrous; umbels short-peduncled, axillary, dense, glabrous or Sala
drupe broadly ovate, apiculate ; seed ovate. Cassine wthiopica, o u a :
#1. Cap. 269. Mystr. athranthum, spilocarpum and sessiliflorum, § Z.
973, 974, 975. I. spherophyllum, Pl. Krauss!

Var. 8. leptocarpum ; drupe oblong, apiculate ; seed oblong.

ee , Olifantshoek, and at the Zeekoe
Has. Woods at the Zwartkops River, in Adow. 229 36. Port Natal,

» E. & Z.1 Krauss! Zey.! 2199, ex pte. Zuureberge, Drege,
Gua? fg tees ig dy I Nov.—Dee. fr. July. (Herb. Thunb.,

Vind., Lehm .D., Sond. :
a 1 hbo han ticks se Lea fas shrub ; branches ashen ; twigs cers
Leaves 1-1} inch long or less, ing from orbicular to oblong, some very thic’
others thinner, sub-coriaceous, bark § a flat or undulato-crenate margin, or serrulate
or sub-entire, Petiole 1-2 lines long. Pedune. solitary, rarely 2, 1-3 lines long
(in M. sessiliflorum, E. & Z.! not shorter than in the others). Umbels 12-20 flowered,
pedicels 4-1 line long. Flowers 2 line long. Stamens 4 of petals. Drupe as large
48 a pea, one seeded. Var. 8., in other respects like a., differs in having a drupe -
4-6 lines long, 2-2} wide. ae

470 CELASTRINEE (Sond.) [Mystroaylon.

2. M. spherophyllum (E. & Z.! 976); glabrous ; leaves petioled, ellip-
tical or cebochiediat emarginate, sub-cordate at base, the recurved mar-
gin crenulate or callous serrulate, veiny at both sides, coriaceous ; um-

bels axillary, pedunculate, glabrous; drupe globose.

Var. 8. litorale; leaves elliptical or oblong-elliptical, and the twigs
glaucous. MM. kubu, EL. & Z.! 978. M. pubescens, Pl, Krauss!

Has. Kat River, near Philipstown, Z. § Z./ Swellendam, Mundt! Zwartkops-
river. Zey.! 2200. Vanstaadens River, Drege, 6732, 6742? 8. Sea-shore woods at

oy ‘gran = Zitzekamma, EF. & Z.! Feb,—Jul. (Herb, Vind., Hook., Lehm.,
.C.D., Sond.

A tree, aoe f. high. It differs from the preceding in the shorter-petioled leaves,
not cuneate at base, thicker, more evidently serrulate (the larger 1}—2 inches long),
in the peduncles 3-5 lines long, often pra § bifid at the summit, in the flowers not
glomerated, on pedicels 2 lines long, and in the globose fruit. The flowers them-
selves are like those of the preceding, but the petals a little narrower at base, and
the stamens twice as long. Drupe as large as a pea ; seed similar in shape.

8. M. pubescens (E. & Z. 977); twigs pubescent; leaves short-peti-

: led, elliptical or orbicular, emarginate, glabrous above, softly pubescent

th, coriaceous, veiny at both sides, the recurved margin crenate or
dentato-serrate ; umbels axillary, pedunculate, glabrous ; drupe obovate,
pointed. :

Has. By the Zwartkops River, E. § Z./ Zey.! 2200, Oct. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.)
This differs from the last by its velvetty-pubescent twigs and leaves, even the older
ones, leaves 14 inch long and wide, in some specimens scarcely uncial, but
with a few intermixed. Common peduncles 3-4 lines long ; the umbel always
pity ae the pedicels 2 lines long. Fi. of the last. Drape oval or obovate ;

4M. Burkeanum (Sond.); branches, leaves, peduncles, and calyx
densely clothed with short pubescence ; leaves very short-petioled, ellipti-
cal, or orbicular, emarginate, sub-entire or minutely serrulate, coriace-
es veiny at both sides; umbels axillary, shortly peduncled; petals
glabrous.

Sian Banks of the Crocodile River, Burke/ 378, Zey.! 309. Nov. (Herb. Hook.,

The terete branches and horizontal twigs grey with short pubescence. Larger
leaves uncial, 8-12 lines wide, mostly smaller, 6-9 lines long, 5-8 wide, acutely
emarginate, the marginal teeth scarcely discernible by the naked eye. Petiole 4-1
line long. Common peduncle equalling the petiole, or longer. Calyx lobes obtuse.
Petals twice as large, elliptic-orbicular, longer than the stamens. Ovary immersed
m a sinuous disc. Style short. Fruit wanting.

** Leaves sub-entire ; winbels sessile. (Sp. 5.)
__ 5. M. enclesforme (Sond.); glabrous ; leaves petioled, ovate, or el-
liptical, obtusely acuminate, sub-emarginate, narrowed at base, coria-
pe shining i ‘ays beneath, veiny, the revolute margin ast
re or repand-toothed ; peduncles axillary, umbellate, aggregate,
flowered; drupe sub-globose, apiculate. I. filiforme, E. & Z.! 97%

Be syn. M. oligocarpum, BE. § Z.! 971, and M, eucleceforme, B. § 2.1

‘h terete, erecto-patent branches and angular, leafy twigs

mee

Seytophyllum.]} CELASTRINEZ (Sond.) 471

Leaves longer than the internodes, the larger 2-24 inches long, 1~1} inch wide ; the
smaller 1-14 inch long, 6-8 lines wide. Petiole 2 lines long. Pedune. of fruit 2-4
together (the flowering probably more numerous), 1 line long. Drupe the size of a
small pea,

2. Fruit of large size, almost juiceless. (Sp. 6.)

6. M. macrocarpum (Sond.); branches and twigs minutely pubescent ;
leaves short-petioled, elliptic or elliptic-oblong, obtuse, or sub-excised,
the recurved margin serrate, glabrous above, pubescent beneath; umbels
axillary, pedunculate ; peduncles pubescent ; drupe very large, globose,
one-seeded,

Has. Between the Omtata and Omsamwubo, below 1000 f. Drege! 5612, b. (non
a. Celastr, undatis). (Herb. Sond.) Ss
.__ 4 shrub or tree with terete, grey branches. Larger leaves 24 inches long, 14-2

ches wide, coriaceous, netted at both sides, the margin acutely toothed. Petiole
2 lines long. Common peduncle 2-4 lines long. Calyx persistent, 5 parted, with
obtuse lobes. Petals wanting. Drupe blueish, as large as a Bullace-plum, or 8-9
lines in diameter. Seed erect, with a shining chestnut skin.

X. SCYTOPHYLLUM, E. & Z.

Calyx minute, 5-parted. Petals 5, sub-orbicular, narrowed at base.
Disc teal. elobode Stamens 5, saad between the lobes of the disc.
Style short ; stigma 2-lobed. Ovary sub-immersed in the disc, 2-celled ;
the cells 2-ovuled. Drupe rather dry, oblique, 1-2 celled, one-seeded,
rarely 2-seeded. Seed erect, covered with a thin, membranous aril ; testa
coriaceous. Hmbryo in fleshy albumen ; radicle inferior. #. & Z./

NUM. p. 124.

1. §. laurinum
or oblong, obtuse, sub-emargim
panicled, the panicle much
Theunb.! Fl. Cap. 217. Hb.
965, excl. syn. Cel. laurinus a
Lam. Ill. No. 2695.

eda ee
Has. Common on bills roun . and near Tulbagh, &e.; Thunberg, E.G Z.! Drege, Hn" f

~ 6 Bergvallei and Langvallei, Zey./ 306 8., Drege 1 6724,% 4"
‘Thunb., Lam., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.

me is td cbtinely nerved after being dried, une- _ ¢

Flowers minute, white. Drupe obovate,
. “C. oleoides” Krauss! from Natal,
eq ; its stamens are opposite the petals, ae

472 AQUIFOLIACEZ (Sond.) [Tlen.

2. 8. angustifolium (Sond.); twigs sub-angular ; leaves lanceolate,
obtuse, narrowed into a petiole; peduncles panicled, much shorter than
the leaf. Elwodendron angustifolium, Presl, Bot. Bem. p. 34.

Has, Mountains near Capetown, Ecklon / Albany, Mrs. F. W. Barber! (Herb.
T.C.D., Sond.) :

A shrub, with the aspect of S. Jawrinum, with erecto-patent branches, and mostl

wdery twigs. Leaves very short-petioled, about 14-1} inches long, 4-§ im

= ad, paler underneath, obsoletely veined, tipped with a short, often inflexed point.

Peduncles 4-6 together, 1-2 lines long. Flowers white, like those of S. laurinum.
Fruit wanting.

a a ee

Orper XLIV. AQUIFOLIACEZ, DC. 2
(By W. Sonver.) :

(Aquifoliacex, DC. Theorie, 1813. Lindl. Veg. Kingd. No, ccxxx.
Tlicinee, A. Brongniart, 1826. Endl Gen. No. ccxxxviii.)
Flowers mostly perfect, regular. Calyx small, 4-6 cleft or parted, H
persistent, with imbricate zstivation. Corolla mostly monopetalous %
(in Monetia pleio-petalous), regular, 4—6-cleft, with a very short tube,
the segments imbricate or sub-valvate in wstivation. Stamens alternate ~
with the lobes of the corolla and inserted on its tube (in Monetia in-
serted on the margin of a perigynous disc); filaments subulate, short ;
anthers introrse, 2-celled, the cells adnate. Ovary sessile, fleshy, sub-
globose, 2-6-8 or many celled ; ovules solitary, pendulous or erect,
anatropous ; stigma sub-sessile. Drupe fleshy and juicy, with 2 or more
indehiscent, one-seeded stones. Seed (except in Monetia) with copious,
fleshy albumen, and a small or minute embryo.
Evergreen trees or shrubs, natives of North and South America, and of the tem-
perate regions of Europe and Asia, rare within the tropics. Leaves alternate or
opposite, petioled, simple, coriaceous, glabrous and shining, penninerved, entire or
spinous-toothed, exstipulate. Flowers small, white or greenish, axillary, either soli-
tary, clustered, or in cymes or fascicles. The common Englsh Holly is the type of
=. Order, which is nearly allied to Celastrinee, but known by its usually monopeta-
— corolla, small embryo and copious albumen ; characters which do not apply to
Moneta, a genus placed here provisionally until some better place may be found fo
it. The Paraguay Tea (Ilex paraguayensis), so largely used in South America, 16
the most famous plant of the Order. The wood of most, as of the English holly, is
very ‘er ved and fine grained, well suited for turning and for ornamental cabinet
work, stained black it is a cheap substitute for Ebony.

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

Sub-Order 1. Inictinex.—Corolla monopetalous. Ovules pendulous.
eds with copious, fleshy albumen and a minute embryo.
| _T. Mex.—Ovary 4-6 celled, with sessile sti
Cel FE Cassinopsis.— Ovary cow sella with —
a elaine Cortlls polypetalous, Ovules erect. Seeds

III. Monetia.—Flowers unisexual, Spines axillary, spreading.

Cassinopsis. | AQUIFOLIACEH (Sond.) 473

L ILEX, L

Flowers perfect. Calyx small, 4-6 toothed, persistent. Corolla hypo-
gynous, rotate, 4—6-parted, the segments obtuse, imbricated in #stiva-
tion. Stamens as many as the lobes of the corolla and alternate with
_ them; filaments subulate ; anthers introrse, erect, longitudinally dehis-
cent, Ovary sessile, 4—6-celled ; ovules solitary or in collateral pairs,
pendulous from the central angle of the cell. Stigmata 4-6, sessile.
Drupe baccate, sub-globose, crowned with the stigmata. Seed inverted;
embryo minute, in the apex of fleshy albumen. Zndl. Gen. 5705.

Evergreen shrubs or trees, natives of the temperate and sub-tropical regions of
both hemispheres, Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire or toothed. Peduncles axil-
lary, numerous, often tufted, one or many flowered, bracted ; flowers white. There
is but one Cape species. The English “Holly” is a well known example of this
almost cosmopolitan genus.

1. I. Capensis (Sond. & Harv.); glabrous ; leaves on channelled pe-
tioles, oblongo-lanceolate or lanceolate, or obovate-oblong, acute at base,
either acute, acuminate, or sub-obtuse and mucronate at the apex, shi-
ning above, paler beneath ; peduncles fascicled, shorter than the petiole,
few flowered ; corolla 5-cleft; berry 5, or by abortion, fewer-seeded. Leu-
corylon foliis laurinis, $c, Burm. Afr. t. 92. f. 2. Sideroxylon mite,
Jacq. Coll. Bot. Mag, t. 1858. Manglilla Milleriana, Pers. 1. p. 237,
Scleroxylon mite, Willd. Enum. p.249. Myrsine? mitis, Spreng. Pappe,
Sylv. Cap. p. 22. Leucoxylon laurinum, E. Mey. in Hb. Drege. Celastrus
Steberi, Bernh. in Hb. Krauss.

; es

? -
jointed at base, or racemose, 3-4 flowered. Calyx urceolate 5-6 fid. the lobes et
late. Corolla monopetalous ; segments ovate-oblong, obtuse, spreading or b
imbricate in bud. Stamens on the throat of the corolla, exserted, filaments subulate,
scarcely as long as the corolla-lobes. Drupe globose, tipped with a thick 4-5 lo!
Stigma, Seeds trigonous. Embryo minute. :

II. CASSINOPSIS, Sond.

| b-im-
Calyx 5-fid. Corolla 5-fid, the segments oblong, sub-acute, su
bricate 7 estivation. Stamens §, inserted on the base of the corolla, 4
ternate with its lobes; filaments subulate ; anthers ovate, a aad
nally dehiscent. Disc none. Ovary sessile, one-celled, wautg is ;
ovules unequal, pendulous from the central angle of the cell. at
simple; stigma obsoletely lobed. Drupe nearly dry, ovato-globose.
compressed, apiculate, with a one-celled, one-seeded crustaceous stone.
Seed inverted, compressed; embryo minute, in the apex of copious,
fleshy albumen ; radicle superior. ; 2 4 e
ith alternate branches and twigs, opposite leaves an axillary, >

RCS step Fo igor flowers. The name signifies ‘resembling a Or :
sine.” begs

474 AQUIFOLIACE (Sond.) [ Monetia.

1, C. Capensis (Sond.) Cassine ilicifolia, Hochst. Pl. Krauss. Har-
togia ilicifolia, Hochst. in Krauss, Bertr. p. 42. Cassine mucronata, Turcz.
Bullet. Mose. 1858, No. 11. p. 455+

Has. Primitive Woods of Outeniqua, George, Krauss. Grootvadersbosch, Zey/
2209. (Herb. Vind., Sond., T.C.D.)

A shrub. Branches terete, shining, flexuous, glabrescent. Spines terete, very
acute, 4 inch long, in the forks of the branches or opposite the leaves. Leaves shortly
petioled, those of the lower branches ovate, sub-acuminate, tipped with an obtuse
mucro, } line long, obtuse at base, at length shining above, paler beneath, opaque,
with alternate, prominent, primary veins, remotely spinuloso-serrulate or sub-entire,
glabrous, 13-3 inch long, 12-14 lines wide. Leaves of the flowering branches smaller
and narrower, I-11 inch long, 6-9 lines wide, narrowed at base. Petiole keeled,
2-3 lines long. Panicle or corymb scarcely half inch long, with a common peduncle
2-3 lines long. Flowers small. Corolla 1 line long, thrice as long as the pubescent,
ovate, sub-acute calyx-lobes, its segments oblong, or oblong-lanceolate, downy exter-
nally. Stamens shorter than the petals. Style short. Drupe tipped with the style, —
compressed, as big as a large pea. Seed compressed.

-TIL.? MONETIA, L’Her..

Flowers dioecious. Calyx campanulate, shortly 4—5-cleft, the seg-
ments separate or cohering, valvate in wstivation. Petals 4-5, hypogy-
nous, linear-lanceolate, spreading, longer than the calyx, with valvate
estivation, Stamens as many as the petals and alternate with them,
inserted into the margin of a fleshy, hypogynous disc ; filaments erect,
subulate ; anthers erect, introrse, 2 celled, versatile—? Calya and
corolla as in the ¢. Stamens abortive. Ovary free, 2-celled, the sep-
tum thin and membranous, ovules solitary, anatropous, erect or ascend-
‘ing from the base of the cell ; stigma sessile, globose, sub-bilobed.
Berry 1-2-seeded. Seed exalbuminous, with a thin testa ; embryo len-
ticular, green ; cotyledons fleshy, cordate and eared at base, the ears
over-lapping and concealing the long, straight radicle, Endl, Gen. 5711.

_ An erect, glabrous shrub, with opposite branches and twigs. ‘Leaves opposite,
erga with axillary, solitary or binate spines, Flowers small and greenish, in

ense axillary fascicles. Name in honour of M. Monet, better known as the Chevaher
de Lamarck, a very distinguished botanist and zoologist of the last century.

1. Mw. barlerioides (L’Her. Stirp. Nov. fase. 1. p. 1). Spreng. Syst.
Veg. 1. p. 442. <Azima tetracantha, Lam. Encycl. Bot. 1. p. 343. Illustr.
t. 807, Zey.! No. 4653. Drege, 6749, a.

Has. Zwartkopsriver, E. & Z.! Drege! Nov.-Jan. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond. &.)

An erect, glabrous shrub, 3 or 4 feet high ; branches opposite, 4—angled, divari-
cated, aculeate ; leaves opposite, on short petioles, ovate, pungent, entire, glabrous,
coriaceous, about an inch long. Spines solitary or geminate, linear, spreading, /
inch . Flowers small, white, sub-pedunculate ; males in axillary glomerated
spikes ; les sub-solitary or in 3-flowered cymes, axillary or terminal. Berry

Zizyphus. | RHAMNEZ (Sond.) 475

Orpen XLV. RHAMNEAZ, R. Br.
(By W. SonpER.)

(Rhamni, Juss. Gen. 376. Rhamnex, DC. Prod. 2. p. 19. Endl. Gen.

No. cexxxix. Rhamnacee, Lind. Veg. Kingd. No. cCxXxli.)
F Flowers perfect, regular. Calyx tubular, free, or more or less adnate
with the ovary, 4—5 fid, with valvate estivation. Disc fleshy, lining the
calyx tube. Petals 4-5, in the throat of the calyx, small, hood-shaped
or flat, sometimes wanting. Stamens as many as the petals, and oppo-
site to them. Ovary free or adnate, 2-4-celled; ovules solitary, erect,
anatropous; styles more or less connate, Fruit fleshy or capsular; seeds
erect ; embryo lying in fleshy albumen, rarely exalbuminous ; radicle
inferior,

Trees or shrubs, often spiny, common in the warmer parts of the temperate zones
and especially so in the southern hemisphere ; rare within the tropics and the colder
parts of the temperate zone. Flowers small or minute, cymose, umbelled, spiked or
capitate. Leaves simple, alternate, rarely opposite, 3-nerved or penni-nerved, entire
or serrated ; stipules if present minute. The fleshy fruits of several are violent pur-
gatives; those of others, like the Jujube, are wholesome and agreeable to the taste.
The wood of the arborescent species is compact and applied to various purposes.
About 250 species are known. |

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.
* Limb of the calyx deciduous after flowering. Fruit superior or half superior.

I. Zizyphus.—Disk flat, 5-angled, expanded. Ovary sunk in the disk, Styles 2-3.
Fruit fleshy. :
38 Rhamnus.— Disk thin, lining the calyx-tube. Ovary free. Styles 3-4. Fruit

fleshy. 3
IIT, Boutin Disk fleshy, lining the calyx-tube. Ovary not sunk. Style short, sim-
ple, obconical. Fruit juicy.

IV. Noltea.— Disk very thin, lining the calyx-tube. Ovary half inferior. Style
simple, 3-angled, Fruit dry, 3-valved, the valves with a dorsal ridge.

** Limb of the calyx persistent ; or ovary crowned with a fleshy dise. Fruit
inferior.

: :
| 2°! _V. Helinus.—Climbing shrubs, with broad leaves. Flowers cymose, glabrous.

Ih-seV1. Phylica,—Erect shrubs, with small, mostly linear leaves. Flowers pubescent,
< spicate or capitate.

I, ZIZYPHUS, Tournef.

. | Inte
‘ Calyx spreading, 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate, unguiculate, convolute,
Rhaneks aided iia ovate, 2-celled. Disc flat, pentagonal, ex-
panded, adhering to the tube of the calyx. Ovary aire gem
in the disc and adnate to it. Styles 2-3, diverging or com a a
fleshy, containing a 1-2-celled nut. Seeds sessile, sub-orbic te
pressed, very smooth, Zourn. ist. t. 403. DC. 1. & 2. p. 19. Brogn.
Mem, Rhamn. p. 47. t. I. 2. Endl. corpo ae
ith alternate, 3-nerved leaves a ers axillary,
Senha te ferrari eg more or less grateful. Zizouf, in Arabio, i ;
name of the Lotos, Zizyphus Lotus, Lam. ae
1. Z. mucronata (Willd. ! En. Berl. p. 251); branchlets, petioles, and

476 RHAMNEZ (Sond.) [Rhamnus.

panicles thinly pubescent ; prickles in pairs, one of them recurved; leaves |
petiolate, ovate, or cordate-ovate, obtusely-acuminate, mucronulate, crenate- ie
serrate, hairy beneath at the nerves or quite smooth; cymes axillary,
about the length of the petioles; stigmas 2, recurved; drupe spherical,
smooth, shining. DC.lc.p.19. #.4¢ 2.991. Z. bubalina Licht. mn
Roem. et Schult. Syst. Veg. V. p. 334.

Var. 8. pubescens; branchlets and cymes covered with a dense, a
short tomentum; leaves obtuse, slightly pubescent beneath. a

_ Var. y. glabrata; branchlets glabrous; leaves smooth on both sides,
obtuse or obtusely acuminate-mucronate.

Has. Near Gariep river, Lichtenstein. Vish and Katriver, near Philipstown and
Fort Beaufort. £. & Z./ Keiskamma and near Port Natal, Drege, Plant. Bavians-
river and Sanddriftsport, near Gariepriver, Zeyh. 312. Var. B., Port Natal, Guein-
zius, T. Williamson. Var. y., near Gariep, Drege, 6748. Macalisberg, Burke and
Zeyher, 311 and 313. Dec. (Herb., reg. Berol., T.C.D., Sond.)

A tree, 25 feet high. Branches greyish, flexuose. Leaves 14-2 inches, petioles

above, 4-6 lines long. Cymes many-flowered, sometimes few-flowered.
Calyx 1 line long, segments acute. Petals obovate, yellowish. Drupe scarcely the
size of a cherry, red. Seeds 2. .

2. Z. Zeyheriana (Sond.); branches and branchlets flexuose, as
well as the petioles, hairy pubescent ; prickles in pairs, recurved or one
of them straight;. leaves short, petiolate, ovate or ovate-oblong, obtuse,

_ mucronate, callous-serrulated, coriaceous, reticulate, glabrous or hairy on
the nerves ; cymes axillary, about the length of the petioles, hairy, at
length glabrous ; stigmas 2, recurved. —

Has. Macalisberg, Burke, Zeyh./ 310 partim. Oct. (Herb,, Sond., T.C.D.

A bush, 1-2 feet high ; cron sais ; branchlets ae yellowish, old we
glabrate. Leaves 1-2 inches long, pale green ; petiole 2 lines long. Prickles 2-3
Hnes long. Cymes cd few-flowered. Calyx and petals as in the preceding, from
which it differs by the dwarfer habit, and the sharply and callous-serrate leaves.

Z. trinervia, Roxb., is unarmed, and its leaves are crenulate-serrated. Z. spina
Christi, Willd., is a tall shrub, with whitish branches.

8. Z. helvola (Sond.); branches and branchlets flexuose, tomentose
with brown-yellowish hairs, prickles in pairs, one of them recurved;
leaves short-petioled, elliptic or sub-orbicular, acute, serrulate-dentate
on both surfaces, adpressedly villous with yellowish hairs, coriaceous;
cymes axillary, villous, about the length of the petioles.

ay Grassy-stony places near Aapgesriver. Zeyh. 310 partim. Oct. (Herb.

A shrub, similar to the preceding, but very different by the yellowish-brown oF
_ Somewhat orange pubescence. Prickles yellowish, 3-6 thes ding: Leaves 1 in
long, 8-10 lines wide. Petioles 2 lines long. Calyx 1 line long ; segments acute.
etals and stigmas as in the preceding.

a ee Il RHAMNUS, Lam.

Calye urceolate, 4-5 cleft, Petals wanting, or 4-5, emarginate. Sta-
peste ae with ovate 2~celled anthers. Dis thine Seetinir as tube of
fosle YX. Ovary free, 2-4 celled. Styles 3-4, connected or free. Fruit
eva y, Sais eae et ae one of them occasionally pe
. Seeds ae mm, Ut. t, > sot 2s Dias: patie
P. 53. Endl. Gen, 572, = os 2 ee |

Scutia. | RHAMNE (Sond.) 477

Shrubs or small trees, with opposite or alternate, bistipulate, short-stalked, entire or
oe county, ner leaves, which are permanent and coriaceous, or caducous,
with feather nerves. Plants possessing strong purgative qualities. Nam pauvos,
signifying a tuft of branches. : spt

1. RB. prinoides (I’Herit. sert. angl. 6, t. 9); unarmed, branchlets
minutely pubescent ; leaves alternate, ovate-lanceolate, or ovate-oblong, acu-
minate, mucronulate, serrate, coriaceous, glabrous, shining ; pedicels
2-4 axillary, about the length of the petioles ; calyx 5—cleft ; petals
and stamens 5. Willd. Spec. 1. p. 1099, excl. syn. DU. lc. 2. p. 24,
E. & Z.! 992.

Has. Katriver near Philipstown and Fort Beaufort, £.4Z./ Grootvadersbosch,
Krakakamma, Wolvekop, Zey./ 315. Vanstadensrivier and in Stormberg, 5—6000 f.
Drege! 9123. Outeniqua, George, Krauss. Oct._Dec. (Herb, Sond., T.C.D.)

A moderate tree. Branches and leaves, when dry, blackish. Wood white.
Leaves 14-3 inches long, 3-1 inch wide, paler and with prominent nerves beneath ;
petioles carinate, 3~6 lines long. Pedicels 4-6 lines long. Calyx 1 line long, seg-
ments triangular acute, as long as the sharply emarginate petals and the stamens.
Styles 3, connected to the middle, then diverging. Berry scarcely the size of a pea.
sub-spherical, Seeds 3, not furrowed. Embryo flat.

2. R. Zeyheri (Sond.) ; unarmed, branches and leaves opposite, smooth ;
leaves short, petiolate, elliptic or sub-orbiculate, obtuse or slightly
emarginate, quite entire, paler beneath ; pedicels axillary, aggregate,
glabrous, twice as long as the petiole; calyx 5-cleft ; petals and sta-
mens 5.

Has. Macalisberg, in woods, Zeyher! 316. Nov. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

A moderate tree. Branches greyish. Leaves opposite, rarely sub-alternate, about
inch long, 8-12 lines wide, or smaller, elliptic or oblong, with about 10 yeddish
nerves beneath. Petiole about 1 line long. genicmssta ret 600 begets

ents acute. ightly emarginate, as long as the .
Styles 3 caaailee, 2s sleeasdion then diverging. . Allied to a Frangula L., but
the leaves are much smaller. Rhamnus celtifolius, Thunb. is a Celtis.

ot : III. SCUTIA, Commers. e

Calyzx urceolate, 5-cleft ; segments erect. Petals nearly flat, emargi-
nate. Stamens short; anthers ovate, 2—-celled. Disc fleshy, covering
the tube of the calyx, closely surrounding the ovary, but not adnate to
it. Ovary 2-3 celled. Style short, simple. Stigmas 2-4. Fruit glo-
bose, serrate, 2—3-coccous, girt at the base by the persistent entire tube
of the calyx. Brogn. l.c.p. 55. Endl. Gen. 5724. ae

Smooth shrubs, with alternate leaves approximating by pairs, and nearly oppo-
Site, quite entire, ae slightly serrulated, coriaceous, feather-nerved, bistipulate ; os
pules minute, deciduous. Prickles wanting or arched, about equal in length to the

1. S. Commersoni (Brogn.! 1. ¢. p. 56); branchlets decussate, spread-
_ ing, slender, armed with somewhat opposite, recurved prickles ; leaves
petiolate, sub-distichous, elliptic, ovate or obovate, obtuse, mucronate
or retuse, quite entire, shining above, paler beneath ; umbels peduncu-
late ; peduncle of the length of the petiole. Rhamnus Capensis, Thenb.!
Jl. cap. p. 197. Zizyphus Capensis, Thunb.! apud Poiret, Encyc. meth.

- z

478 RHAMNE& (Sond.) _[Noltea.

Suppl. 3. p. 193. Ceanothus Capensis et C. circumscissus. 8. DC. 1. ¢. p.
30. Olinia cymosa Herb. un. itin. p. 305. Scutia Capensis, . & Z.!
994. Pappe. Sylv. cap. p. 11. 8. natalensis Hochst. in Krauss. Beyt.
Pp. 44.

Has. Common in the woods of Swellendam, Uitenhage, and Albany, FZ. & Z./
Drege! Zeyh.! 2210. Port Natal, Krauss! Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Thunb. Sond., T.C.D.)

A shrub, 4-5 feet high, Katdorn ; branches sub-angulate. Leaves 1-2 inches long.
Petiole 2-3 lines long. Umbels 4-10 flowered. Calyx 1 line long. Segments ovate,
acute. Fruit of the size of a pea, apiculate by the short style, 2-celled. Seeds
elliptic-ovate, compressed ; testa coriaceous, very smooth. Nearly allied to S. indica,
from which it differs by the mostly retuse, not acute and serrulate leaves. ; |

t=] IV. NOLTEA, Reichenb.

Calyx urceolate, tube adnate to the ovary at the base, but free above ;

- limb 5-cleft, erect. Petals 5, cucullate, sessile. Stamens 5, enclosed
within the petals; anthers ovate, 2—celled. Dise very thin, lining the
tube of the calyx. Ovary half-inferior, 3-celled. Style simple, triangled.
Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit inferior, spherical, dry, 3—-coccous, 3—valved ; »
valves with a small rib-like dorsal wing in their upper part; dehiscence |
septicidal; central axis 3—-partite. Seeds solitary, erect; testa hard and 4
thick ; embryo orthotropus, straight; cotyledons green, leafy, sub-orbi- :
cular; radicle short, but well defined; albumen fleshy. Harvey, gen. a
p. 61. Endl. gen. 5725. Willemetia, Brogn. l. ¢. p. 63.
A perfectly glabrous shrub, with erect branches, alternate, oblong-lanceolate,
more or less obtuse, serrated, feather-nerved leaves, and small white flowers, ar-

Nolte of oie ad, terminal or axillary panicles. Name in honor of Professor

1. N. Africana (Reichb. consp.n. 3800); Ceanothus Africana, L. spec.
p. 284. Pluk, L. 126. f. 1. Seba, thes. 1. t. 22. f. 6, Thunb.! fl. cap. p-
196. DC. 1. c. p. 32. Willemetia Africana, Brogn. 1. ¢. p. 63. t. 5+ f+ ¥-
L. § Z.1 995. Vitmannia Africana, Wight d: Arn. Prod. p. 166.

Has. Table mountain, woods near Stoningklipp, Goudsriver ; Zwartkopsriver,
Katriver, Buffaljadsriver, and Stellenbosch; not uncommon in gardens near Cape-
town. Aug.—Sept. (Herb. Thunb. Sond, T.C.D., &c.) 4

10-12 feet high. Branches brownish purple. Leaves 2-24 inches long, 6-8 lines
Winch ong, the pany the calye fine long. "Ene Seo iar Po

ong, ie . i
_ often apiculate by the short style. ee eer ee

0-1 V. HELINUS, E. Meyer. !
_ Calyx obconical, adnate to the ovary, limb spreading, 5-cleft. Petals a
5, obovate-oblong, convolute, inserted in the margin of a fleshy, epIgY-

hous, obsoletely 5-angled disc. Stamens 5, anthers 2—celled. Ovary 1-
_ ferior, 3—celled. " Style 1, with 3 spreading-recurved stigmas. /rwit
; ae se bose, areolate at the top, 3-coccous; cocci crustaceous, at

: scent, with a 3—partite central axis. Sveds solitary, erect:
Funiculus short. in a fleshy alb dons flat. Radicle
ae inferior. E inl. Gen 5745: Poser ca
entire leaves, and ax ™ Ys eymose peduncles, Name from eawos, @ branch

Helinus. | RHAMNE& (Sond.) 479

1. H. ovata (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege) ; branches somewhat angu-
lar ; branchlets spreading, pubescent, at length smooth ; tendrils spiral ;
leaves ovate or elliptic, obtuse, mucronate, sub-cordate at base; cymes
about the length of the peduncles; flowers smooth. Rhamnus mysta-
conus Art. Kew. 1. p. 266. Willemetia scandens, E. & Z.! 996.

Var. 8. rotundifolia; leaves orbicular (1 inch long and wide).

Has. Keiskamma, Keyriver and Gekau, Drege! Zuurberge (Uitenh.), Katriver,
near Philipstown and in Caffraria, E. & Z.! Dornkop, Tolesne pmattas Zeyh.!
317. Port Natal, Gueinzius, 400, Krauss. ; var 8. Port Natal, Gueinzius, 399.
Nov.—April. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

Flowering branches divaricate, 3-4 inches long. Petioles in sterile branches
6-8 lines, in flowering branchlets 2-3 lines long. Upper leaves 1}-2 inches long,
12-15 lines wide, ciliate or pubescent ; lower ones 1 inch long, or shorter, pubes-
cent or glabrous. Peduncles 6-9 lines long ; pedicels 2-3 lines long, in fruit longer.
arut the size of a pea, quite smooth, with a large area. Seeds convex-trigonous,
shining.

I-88 VI. PHYLICA, L.

Calyx obconical, urceolate or cylindrical, 5-cleft, its limb persistent.
Petals wanting or bristle-like, or cucullate. Stamens 5, filaments very
short, anthers ovate or kidney-shaped, 2-celled or 1-celled. Disc more
or less distinct. Ovary inferior or adnate to the tube of the calyx,
3-celled. Style simple, stigma 3-lobed or 3-toothed, in some entire.
Fruit inferior, crowned by the permanent calyx, and marked above by
a small or large areola, 3-coccous. Seeds solitary, erect, with a thick,
fleshy umbilicus ; albumen fleshy ; embryo flat. Z. Gen. n. 266. Lam.
ul. t. 127. Trichocephalus, Phylica, and Soulangia Brogn. l.c. t. 6, i. ti.
ut. Walpersia, Reiss. Petalopogon, Reiss. Pylanthus, Reiss, Endl. Gen.

5036-5740.

Small, much branched shrubs, with alternate, crowded, simple, quite entire, ovate,

lanceolate or linear leaves and small flowers.— Name from pvAdukos, leafy.

ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. Leaves stipulate Soe
II. Leaves without stipules :

* A. Flowers mostly pedicellate, in the axilla of leafy brac-
tex, solitary, panicled, spiked orin heads. Bracteole
wanting. Calyx short, campanulate, obconical or sub-
tubular. Petals —- Anthers 1-celled. Area
mostly as large as the fruit. . :

seo Bren ig cordate-ovate, heads short-stalked ... (2) buxifolia. = A
leaves ovate or ovate-lanceolate ; racemes panicled... (3) paniculata.
leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate ; axillary loose ra- :
cemes Ae a ene pa de Ae sass ... (4) oleoides.
leaves linear lanceolate ; flowers so -or in loose ae
ravenna a a ND rosmarinifolia.
leaves linear sub-imbricate; spikes elongated with
very long foliaceous bracts =... +. +e) seo (13) ambigua.
leaves lanceolate spreading ; flowers longer than the
bractew, in lax terminal racemes ... .-. -.. =. (9) lutescens.
leaves lanceolate spreading ; flowers shorter than the oe
ae.
. inear spreading ; flowers rac- oo
qe 3 seed (12) villosa,
leaves linear sub-imbricate; racemes capitate ... ... (14) Willdenowiana. |

(1) stipularis. =X

480 . RHAMNEZ (Sond.)

leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading ; small heads (6-10

ratio iis keen Snnz*d)-cks
leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading; heads many-
flowered

leaves linear "sec und; glomerate te spikes or corym-

leaves inear erect; terminal, short, ovate, or pyra-

B. Fl sessile or sub-sessile, ed or in heads, each
of which is sub-tended by 2 or 3 bracteole.
a. Calyx obconical or cylindrical, segments about as
long as the tube, or not much shorter,

a. RB seen Flowers involucrated 7 very
ong, villous, or feathery bracts, orming
om a beautiful plume at the summit of the
rane! i Anthers 2~celled.

* Petals cucullate.

hairs of the calyx tube reversed ... .
pay ory fo wh ce ii
flowers in o or ical spikes :
Slower leaves shont 4 times on Le as
the cylindrical calyx ; leaves 7
flower leaves about 4 times as long

as the campanulate calyx; leaves
villous pubescent... ... ... ...
flower leaves about twice as long as
the calyx ; leaves villous or gla-

twigs tomentose ; leaves
wicteante, onda thee

twigs pubescent; leaves lanceolate,

heads hemispherical :
leaves lanceolate, scabrous; calyx

[Phylica.

(5) lasiocarpa,
(11) purpurea,

(7) eryptandroides,

(8) rigidifolia,

Phylica.] RHAMNER (Sond) ‘a1 ee

leaves cordate-lanceolate, mucronate ; ca- ;
lyx appressed-silky, heads ovate ... (34) aa. > a Fan
*** Petals roundish or cucullate, quite glabrous.
leaves cordate, ovate, or oblong .. ses (35) Callosa. x
leaves cordate, ovate, smooth above (1
line long) ; ae woolly so oles ~ (38) humilis.
leaves cordate, lan tate wd villous ; calyx
glabrous... (39) acmephylla.
leaves cordate, lanceolate (2-3 lines Tong), :
scabrous above, calyx glabrous ... ... (37) alpina.
- leaves cordate, lanceolate (4—5 lines long),
smooth ; calyx g labrous... (36) atrata. —
leaves cordate, ton eta or sige ee PS
ciliate ; flowers solitary, heads (40) gracilis.
leaves cordate, linear-lanceolate,

ciliate ; flowers lt jase or spn
culated, heads (41) virgata.

leaves not cordate at base.
calyx clothed with reversed hairs :
leaves linear-lanceolate, hirsute ; heads :
dense many-flowered ... .. (47) bicolor. ¥
leaves linear-lanceolate, ap) -
pubescent ; heads lax, 5-8 wered (49) strigulosa.
calyx pubescent, villous, or woolly :
leaves lanceolate, apiculate ; scales
of the involucre lanceolate, hirsute ; :
calyx woolly... ... (42) diosmoides.
leaves lanceolate, acute, rabroas,
scales of the involucre ovate, acute
calyx ‘downy (2 lines long) —..._ (44) comosa.
leaves lanceolate, smooth, involucre
foliaceous ; calyx tomentose (§ line
long) (45) rubra

leaves linear-terete, ‘obtuse, with in- —
i wi es eee selaginoides. ba

leaves linear or lanceolate, terete, e
‘.. (55) eriophoros. oe
. (43) propinqua. —
- (46) apple
ee 48) nigra,

cullate... (5°) ericcidee.
(51) parviflora. XK
(53) disticha.

about about 4 times as short as the tube.

ee Bes ee ees (57) gnidioides.

i 482 RHAMNEA (Sond.) [ Phylica.
| Sec. 1. Strputares.—Leaves stipulate.

1. P. stipularis (L. mant. 208) ; twigs hoary-velvetty ; leaves spread-
ing, short-stalked, lanceolate-linear, acutish, smooth above, hoary-vel-
vetty beneath, with revolute edges ; stipules awl-shaped ; heads of
flowers terminal, sessile, very downy. Burm. afr. 117. t. 43. f.2. Thunb.
fl. cap. p. 200. Wendl. coll. t. 32. Spreng. Berl. Mag. viii. p. 104. t. 8.
Ft. 3. Herb. Un. itin. n. 114, et 632. Trichocephalus stipularis, Brogn.
Let6% £.& Z.!n. 1008. Walpersia Dregeana, Presl. Bot. Bem.
p. 38.

G Var. 8. robusta; leaves broader, obtuse or acutish, somewhat cordate
NG at the base ; heads somewhat larger. 'richocephalus ripophorus, E. &
i V4 4! n. 1007. Walpersia rip. Presl. Tylanthus diosmoides, Presl.

a / Has. Common on the Cape Flats and on mountain sides through the Cape and
Stellenbosch districts. Zeyh. 2213, 2214. Drege, 6752 a. Var. 8. on mountain
sides near Brackfontein, Clanw. Drege, 6752. Mar.—Jul. (Herb., Thunb., Holm.,
Wendl., T.C.D., Sond.)

Shrub, 2-3 feet, greyish ; branches erecto-patent. Young leaves sub-tomentose,
old ones very smooth, convex above, 6-9 lines long, 1-1} line wide ; in var. B. 2-3
lines wide. “Petioles tomentose. Stipules brown, 1-1} line long. Heads of flowers
the size of a hazel nut, involucre hemispherical, its scales brown, shorter than the
flowers. Calyx with long, subulate, spreading segments, woolly on the outside.
Petals bristle-like.

Seo. 2. Exstrputat#.—Leaves without stipules.
A. Flowers mostly pedicellate, in the axils of leafy bracteas solitary, panicled,
spiked or in heads. Bracteol none. Calyx short, campanulate, obconical or
sub-cylindrical. Petals cucullate. Anthers 1-locular. Areola mostly as large as

the fruit. Soulangia, Brogn. (Sp. 1-14.)

2. P. buxifolia (L. spec. 283); twigs minutely pubescent; leaves

is spreading, ovate or cordate-ovate, flat and smooth above, tomentose be-
Pe neath, with sub-recurved margins ; heads of flowers small, axillary,
: stalked. Burm. Afr. 119. t. 44. f.1. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 204. Lodd.
bot. cab. t. 848. Wendl. coll. t. 26. Sieb. fl. cap. eas. n. 69. Herb. Un.
win n. 108. P. cordata, L. spec. 283. Commel. pracl. p. 62. t, 12. by
angia buxifolia and cordata, Brogn.l.c.p.71. E.& Z.! 1047.

Has. Mountains near Capetown and in Caledon and Stellenbosch districts.
Thunb. E. & Z.! Drege, 9335. Mar.-Aug. (Herb., Thunb., Holm., T.C.D., Sond,)
' Shrub, 2-10 feet high, greyish-brown. Twigs often verticillate. Leaves yellowish
_ or whitish tomentose beneath, 6-9 lines long, 4-6 lines wide. Petioles 1 line long.

‘Flower heads, the size of a pea, involucrated by some small leaves, on stalks of }—1

— inch long. Flowers minute, tomentose on the outside ; segments ovate, acute. Fruit
Y» at length sub-glabrous, the size of a pea, with a large area. .
. P. paniculata (W: illd.! spec. 1. p. 1112); branches virgate, twigs
rulous ;_ leaves spreading, ovate or ovate-lanceolate, obtuse or sub-
base, shining above, downy white beneath, with sub-

flowers disposed in leafy terminal, panicled racemes.
l.c. p. 36. P. myrtifolia, Poir. dict. 5.p- 293

_S. arborescens et paniculata, E. §

Zl

Phylica.] RHAMNE# (Sond.) 483

Has. Stony places of Mt. Bothasberg, Grahamstown, Albany, Boschmansrivier,
Zeyhe 2224 a. ; Winterhoek and Vanstadensriviersberge, Uitenhage, #. ¢ Z./ T.
Williamson. Kromrivier, Drege. Elandsrivier, Niven. Port Natal, Gueinzius,
Var. 8. Winterhoek, Krauss. Elandsrivier, Ecklon. Ap.—Jun. (Herb., reg. Ber.,
stra ; Sond., T.C.D.)

5 » 2-10 feet high. Leaves short, petiolate, spreading or reflexed, 5—6 lines long,
2 lines wide, or the larger ones 8-12 lines long, 3 faa wide, upper ier Fivwas
about 4 line long, in the axil of a subulate bractea, tomentose, sub-turbinate ;
Segments ovate, acute. Fruit 23-3 lines long, obovate, smooth, blackish when dry ;
area as large as the capsule.

4, P. oleoides (DC. 1. c. p. 36); twigs velvetty, pubescent, at length
smooth; leaves spreading, coriaceous, ovate-oblong, mucronate, acute, pu-
bescent or smooth and papillose above, downy beneath, with sub-
recurved margins ; flowers in loose racemes at the top of the branches ;
tacemes axillary, about the length of the leaf; calyx tomentose, i-
cellate ; capsule globose, with a large area. P. olecefolia, Vent. Malm. n.
57, obs. 2. P. spicata, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 323. non L. Soulangia olee-
Jolia, Brogn.t.c.p.71. E.&Z.! 1048.

Var. 8. angustifolia ; leaves lanceolate, lower ones oblong-lanceolate ;

Tacemes shorter than the leaves.

Has, Among shrubs on mountain sides of the valley Tulbagh, Worr. Z. ¢ Z./
Heerelogement, Zey. 327. Nieuwe Kloof, Wupperthal, 1200, Drege. Var. B-
Stoffkraal, Zeyh. 326. Mar.—Oct. (Herb., Holm., Sond., Lehm., T.C.D.)

Over 2 feet high, greyish-brown, twigs often crowded, sub-fastigiate. Leaves often
veined beneath, 8-10 lines long, 4 lines wide, others 12-15 lines long, 3-6 lines
wide, upper mostly half ae tee Petiole 1 line long. Racemes 4-6 lines long.
Calyx obconical or campanulate, of the length of the pedicel or somewhat shorter ;
segments acute. Capsule blackish when dry, nearly the size of a small cherry; area
as large as the capsule. The var. 8. has sub-virgate twigs and smaller leaves.

5. P. lasiocarpa (Sond.); branches and twigs minutely pubescent ;
leaves spreading, short-petiolate, linear-lanceolate or linear, glabrous,
shining above, tomentose beneath, with revolute margins; flower heads
terminal (small), tomentose, involucrated by the uppermost leaves ;

calyx campanulate, tomentose; segments short, acute; capsule ovate,

- tomentose. :
Var. a. lediformis ; leaves 6-8 lines long, 1 line wide, flattish above.
Soulangia ledifolia, E. & Z.! 1044. excl. syn,
Var. 8. parvifolia; leaves 3-4 lines long, }-? line wide, obtuse or
apiculate, papillose-punctate above. J. lanceolata, E. d- Z.! 1012. non
Thunb. P. parviflora, E. Mey. c. ex pte. P. nitida, #. Mey. ex pte. non
‘ Hott. . berge, on the highest mountains, Z. f Z./ Var. B.,
Hott, Holl Kloof, aes Klynriviersberge, Zeyh. 2221. Between Langevalei and
Heerel t, Drege. Jun.—Aug. ‘(Herb., Sond., Lehm., T.C.D.)
greyish. Leaves horizontal, the upper sub-erect

1-1} igh ; branches red or g1 ves h al, a ‘
Petiole. Fite Tog: Heads 6-10 flowered, the size of a small pea. Calyx 1 line
long. Capeule but densely tomentose, about 4 lines long ; area small.

a a *ht b.! f. ‘ , . p. 203); much branched, _
GP, seminal (| 8 SB og) much branche

484 RHAMNEA (Sond.) [Phylicd,

most leaves sessile, solitary or spiked, spike lax, shorter than the leaves ;
calyx minute, tomentose; capsule obovate-turbinate, smooth, with a
small area. Dissert. de Phylica, p. 8. P. parviflora e. E. Mey. in Herb.
Drege, not of Bergius.

Has. Mount. Zwartebergen, near Vrolyk, 3-4000 ft., Drege. Aug. (Herb.
Thunb., Sond., T.C.D.)

Over 2 feet high. Branches and twigs filiform, abbreviate, greyish. Lower leaves
about 1 inch long, 1} line wide, the upper 5-3 lines long, }-} line wide. Flowering
branches paniculate. Flowers in the lower axils spiked ; spike few-flowered, brac- ~
teate, 4-6 lines long ; in the upper axils solitary, whitish downy. Calyx about 1
line long ; segments spreading, acute. Capsule blackish when dry, smooth, the size
of a pea.—Very near P. paniculata, but the leaves and the area are much smaller.

7. P. eryptandroides (Sond.); branches rigid; twigs simple, swb-
glabrous; leaves spreading, secundate, linear, acute, with revolute mat-
gins, convex, glabrous and papillose above, whitish downy beneath,
young ones adpressed-pubescent ; flowers sessile, glomerate or spiked at
the summit of corymbose peduncles; calyx whitish tomentose ; capsule —
ovate-globose, woolly, at length glabrate; area as large as the capsule,
P. rosmarinifolia, E. Meyer in Herb. Dreg. ec.
ees Roodeberge, 2-3500 ft. Nov. Drege. Kardow, Zeyh. 323. (Herb., Sond.,

Shrub, 2-3 feet high ; branches erect, virgate. Leaves circ. 6 lines long, 1 line
wide. Corymb. }-1 inch long and wide; peduncles at the upper part with 6-10 —
_ Sessile flowers, formed in a head-like spike. Calyx campanulate, 1 line long, seg-
bortaingescras Capsule of the size of a pea,
_ 8. P. rigidifoli: -(Sond.); branches rigid; twigs simple, minutely
down LY 5 leaves erect,sub-appressed, linear, acute, convex, papillose above,
whitish downy beneath; flowers pedicellate, disposed in a short, ovate
or pyramidal, coloured panicle; pedicels as long as the tomentose prac-
teas ; calyx yellowish, tomentose ; capsule truncate ovate, woolly, at —
length glabrate ; area as large as the capsule. P. rosmarinifolva, Ee
Meyer, b. —

Var. 8. thymifolia ; leaves shorter, spike ovate, calyx whitish. Sow-
langia thymifolia, Presl.
- Has. Vanstaadensberg, Bloedrivier, Drege, 6771. Uitkomst, sandy places, Zeyh.

> Ba . . Pp 2
324. Var. B. stony places Kend s Herb.
Meso Ne bet). ee ee Ob ee

1-14 ft. high ; branches erect. Leaves rigid, 6 lines 1 t line wide, sulcate
ac Panicle dense, 6-9 lines long. po Poti ~s e sous the lower,
a. —o- a = oe 1 line long, as long as the pepe

a capes st a acute, Capsule about 3 lines long, apiculate by ot

: Bs P, lutescens (Sond.); much branched, branches fastigiate, corym-
pene twigs pubescent; leaves spreading, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate,
tuse, callous, puberulous, at length smooth above, tomentose beneath,
the Fe margins ; flowers pedicellate, axillary, solitary, longer than
Ai aceous bractea, disposed in a laa, terminal, leafy raceme ; caly®
yr pe se. Soulangia lutescens, EB. § Z.! 1043. — ged
, oD. poort, Zeyh. 2223. Drege, Hoon Airey ‘(Heerb., Sond

Phylica.] RHAMNE® (Sond.) 485

Shrub, 1-2 feet high, known by the very numerous, filiform, fastigiate branches,
Leaves about 3 lines long, £ line wide, the uppermost 1 line long. Racemes 3-1
inch long, in the upper twigs often paniculate. Pedicels spreading, 1-1} lines, calyx

_ 1 line long, campanulate, segments acute.

_ 10. P. axillaris (Lam.! ill. n. 2615) ; twigs pubescent; leaves spread-
ing, lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acute, young ones hairy, old ones
smooth, shining above, flattish, tomentose beneath, with revolute mar-
gins ; flowers pedicellate, axillary, solitary, racemose, shorter than the
leafy bractea; calyx campanulate, hirsute. Spreng. Berl. Mag. viii. p.
104. t, 8.74. Roem. & Schult. Syst. Veg. v. p. 485. DC. lec.p. 36. Soul-
angia axillaris, Brogn. l. c. p. 70. P. rosmarinifolia, Willd. Herb. fol.
4604. fol. 2. H. & Z.! 1036. ex pte.

Var, 6. hirsuta ; twigs sub-hirsute ; leaves appressed, pubescent, the
lower at length glabrate ; flowers shorter than the foliaceous bractez.
P. hirsuta, Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 202. Soulangia hirsuta, L.d& Z.! 1041.

Var. y. pedicellaris; flowers sometimes larger, on longer pedicels,
of the length of the foliaceous bractea.

Var. 6. parvifolia; leaves and flowers twice smaller. Drege, 6757.

Var, «. glabrata; leaves linear-lanceolate, smooth. P. pinea, Thunb./
Jl. cap. p. 201. ex pte.

Has. Hills near Port Elizabeth, Krakakamma and Van Staadensrivier, Uit., 2.
& Z.! Niven, Drege, 6758 and 6768. Zeyh. 2218 and 2222. Hassaquaskloof, Drege.
Feb.Jul. (Herb., Thunb., Holm., Lam., Willd., Wendl., T.C.D., Sond.)

Shrub, 1 or more feet high. Leaves alternate, rarely sub-opposite, 4-6 lines long,
1 line wide, rarely longer, in var. 5. shorter, obtuse or sub-cordate at base, smooth
or hairy, or sub-villous above. Raceme ovate, about 6 lines long, at length lax, inch
long or longer. Flowers white. Pedicels 1-4 lines long. Calyx campanulate, seg-
ments acute, ferruginous on the inside. Capsule ovate-globose, the size of a pea;
area as large as the capsule or smaller.

li. = urea (Sond.) ; twigs pubescent; leaves linear-lanceolate,
called cone nak ea fae Eboth and shining above, tomen-
tose beneath, with revolute margins; flowers on short pedicels, col-
lected in a terminal, many-flowered head ; calyx campanulate, tomen-
tose. P. rosmarinifolia, Lodd. Bot. Cab. t. 849. Herb. Willd. n. 4606.
fol. 1. Soulangia rubra, Bot. Reg. t. 1498. exc. synon.

Var. 8. reclinata; leaves reclinate, silky above, bearded at the apex ;
flower stalk equalling the calyx. P. reclinata, Wendl. collect. 2 p. 49. t.

56. &.& Sch. l.c. p. 485.
Has. Cape, Niven; var. 8. cultivated in Herrenhausen Bot. Gard. (Herb.,

Willd., Wendl., Sond. 3

‘Very Snir to the prsein ing. but the flowers are collected in a head and longer
than the bractes ; perhaps a variety. Leaves 6 lines long. Calyx whitish tomen-
tose, limb ferruginous or purple on the inside.

12. P. villosa (Thunb. ! fl. cap. p. 202); twigs minutely pubescent ;
leaves spreading, mostly secundate, linear, acute, convex above, sulcate

and tomentose beneath, with recurved margins, lower ones glabrous, _

pillate-punctate, upper ones villous ; flowers axillary, solitary, short

than the foliaceous bractew, disposed in a lax or dense, oblong-raceme ;

aa

-

486 RHAMNEZ (Sond.) ; [Phyliea.

calyx campanulate, appressed-pubescent ; capsule ovate-globose, at length
glabrate ; area as large as the capsule, se

Var. 8. glabrata ; leaves glabrous, the lower ones somewhat larger.
P. pinea, Thunb. ! 1. c. ex parte. E. § Z. 1042. P. ericoides, E. Meyer, d.

Var. y. squarrosa ; leaves glabrous, recurvo-patent ; raceme lax, few-
flowered. Soulangia microphylla, EB. & Z. 1040.

Var. 6. pedicellata ; more robust; leaves 1 inch long, villous, at
length glabrate, papillose-punctate ; flowers mostly larger, longer, pedi-
cellate ; racemes often corymbose. P. pedicellata, DC. 1. c. p. 36. #.

Mey. in Hb. Drege. Soulangia pedic. Presi.

Has, Piquetberg, Thunberg. Boshrivier, Drege! 6767. Hills near Port Eliza-
beth and Vanstaadensriviersberge, EZ. § Z./. Kromrivier, Zeyher / Var 8. Brackfon-
tein, E. & Z./ Var. y. between Coega and Zondagsrivier, #. & Z./ Var. 8, between
Langvalley and Olifantsrivier, Drege/ interior reg. Niven. Feb.-Noy. (Herb.
Thunb., Hook., Sond., T.C.D.)

Very near P. axillaris, but the leaves are mostly secundate, very small, and not
wider at the base, the upper leaves and the calyx with appressed hairs, the flowers
usually smaller. The var. 5. is covered with greyish, appressed hairs, the lower
ones glabrous, the flowers larger and more woolly. Leaves about 6 lines long, $ line
wide, in var. 5. somewhat longer and wider, in var. 8. about 3-4 lines long.

13. P. ambigua (Sond.); much branched ; twigs minutely pubes-
cent; leaves erect or secundate, sub-imbricated, linear, acute, with
revolute margins, convex, glabrous and papillose-punctate above, to-
mentose beneath, floral ones spreading, silky-pubescent, much longer than
the flowers; spike racemose, cylindrical; calyx pedicellate, campanulate,
downy; segments ovate-acute, hirsute on the outside ; capsule roundish,
smooth ; area twice smaller than the capsule. P. plumosa, E. Mey.
Hb. Drege, non L. or Thunb. Soulangia plumosa. Presl.

Has. Blauwberg, 3-4000 feet, Drege! Nov. (Herb., Sond., T.C.D.) “

Branches crowded, scabrous ; twigs short. Leaves 6-3 lines long, $ line wide,
the younger appressed pubescent. Raceme about 1 inch long; floral leaves or brac-
tex about 4-5 lines long, recurved at top. Pedicel $ line, calyx 1 line long, seg-
ments short. Capsule blackish, smooth, the size of a pea. Seed brown, about } line
long. In habit and by the long, silky bracts it approuches P. plumosa, L., but the
flowers are very different and the bracteole wanting.

14. P. Willdenowiana (E. & Z.! 1035); branches virgate; twigs
fastigiate, velvetty-pubescent ; leaves erect, sub-imbricate, rigid, linear,
_™Mucronate, with revolute margins, glabrous and papillose-scabrous
_ above, the younger appressed, villous ; raceme capitate ; bracteze lanceo-
late, equalling the flowers or a little longer ; calyx sub-cylindrical, tomen-
tose ; segments acute ; capsule ovate-globose, smooth. P. rosmarint-
_ Sola, Schlecht. Linn. 6. p. 195. non Thunb. nec aliorum, Tylanthus Pres.

_ Phylica.) RHAMNEZ (Sond.) 487

__ B. Flowers sessile or sub-sessile, spiked or in heads, each sub-tended by two or
: three lateral bracteole. (Sp. 15-58.)

a, Calyx obconical or cylindrical, segments about the length of the tube, or not
much shorter. (Sp. 15-56.

a. Plumose ; flowers inyolucrated with very long, villous or feathery bractex,
forming mostly a beautiful plume at the summit of the branches, Anthers
2—celled. (Sp. 15-28.)

* Petals cucullate. (Sp. 15-22.)

15, P. plumosa (Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 203); branches and twigs pu-
bescent ; leaves linear-lanceolate or lanceolate, awl-shaped, smooth above,
tomentose, hairy beneath, with revolute margins; floral leaves villous |
or hirsute, spreading, much longer than the flowers; spike oblong or
toundish ; bracteol villous, twice as short as the tubular, minutely
pulose calyx ; hairs of the tube reversed, appressed ; segments ovate-lan-
ceolate, erect, twice shorter than the tube. e

Var. a. horizontalis ; spike small, roundish; leaves sub-linear, vil-

Malm. n. 57. obs. 3; DC. 1. ¢. p. 35, £.§Z.1 1028. P. plumosa, Spreng,
“ ¢. DP. 105. Fs 7° Lam, all. te 127, fe 4. Drege ! 6777 b. Ley! 2212.
Var. 8. squarrosa ; spike roundish, leaves spreading, sub-lanceolate, . ~ i

ae
Wey

, eree et; branches virgate, downy ; leaves
id, with revolute margins, silky-downy

s Roy YW

lous, spreading or erect, floral ones silky-plumose. P. horizontalis Vent. any YE

ere
“Wood

Nev /63

488 RHAMNEX (Sond.) [Phylica.

eae Mountains, Attaquaskloof, Niven. (No station given) Drege/ 6776. (Herb.
md.) ;
Shrub 14-2 feet; branches brownish or greyish. Leaves shortly petiolate, erect,
or a little spreading, 7-10 lines long, $ line wide. Spike about 1 inch long ; floral
leaves 6-8 lines long. Calyx 2 lines long, segments short. Petals as in the pre-
ceding. Differs from the preceding by the short, appressed pubescence, smaller
leaves, and the calyx. :

17. P. recurvifolia (E. & Z.! 1033); stem erect; branches virgate,
pubescent; leaves crowded, spreading, sub-recurved, lanceolate-linear,
rigid, mucronate, with revolute margins, villous-pubescent, at length gla-
brate, tomentose beneath ; floral leaves villous-pubescent, spreading,
much longer than the flowers ; spike oblong; bracteole pubescent,

‘longer than the campanulate, woolly calyx ; segments of the calyx erect,
ovate, acute.

Haz. Mountains, Puspasvalley, Swellendam, £. « Z./ Sept.-Oct. (Herb. Sond.)

Distinguished from P. velutina by the more woolly indumentum, recurved le:
longer spike, and shorter, woolly flowers. Leaves 6-9 lines long, at base sub
pressed ; ficral ones silky-pubescent. Calyx about 14 line long. Petals as in.P. plu-
mosa. Capsule sub-trilobed, the size of a large pea, pubescent, at length glabrous,
brown, impressed at top with a small area, and often apiculate by a short style. »

18. P. excelsa (Wendl.! collect. iii. p, 3, t. 74); branches virgate-

pubescent, leaves spreading or erect, linear-lanceolate or linear with re-

volute margins, villous, at length glabrate; floral leaves hirsute, about
twice as long as the flower; spike cylindric, lax; bracteole_ villous,
Shorter than the campanulate tomentose calyx; segments of the calyx

short, Srect. a spicata, Bot. Mag. 2704% Tylanthus eacelsus, Presl.
Var. a. laxa; branches lax; leaves lanceolate, spreading, villous.

P. excelsa, Wendl. 1. c. P. cylindrica, E. Mey.! a. P. imberbis, E. Mey.! 4.
Var. 6. stricta ; branches erect; leaves linear, subacerose, imbricate, »
cee villous. P. cylindrica, E, § Z.! 1029, non Wendl. Drege!

_ Var. y. papillosa; branches and leaves sub-glabrous ; leaves erect, : :
linear acerose, papillose, slightly hairy. P. papillosa, Wendl. ! 1. Co Ps Sv eo

17.

1032.

Has. Var. a. Dutoitskloof, 1-4000 f. Drege! Var. 8. Somerset, Hott. Holl. and
Winterboeksberg, 2-3000, Var. y. Hott. Holl. Var. 8. Tulbagh, near the cata-
ract, Z. g Z./ Oct.Jan. (Herb. Wendl., T.C.D., Sond.) ,

, sore 2-4 feet high ; branches brownish, twigs crowded. ‘Leaves short, petio-

Floral leaves acuminate, 3 lines long, fulvid or yellow green. Calyx 2 lines .

, erect, surrounding and surpassing the

Jlowerhead ; bracteoke hirsute, equalling the calyx; tube of the calyx

. Meyeri (Sond) ; branches pubescent; leaves approximate,
» arcuate-incurved, linear, obtuse, with revolute margins, COn-—
oth above, tomentose beneath, the younger villous-pubescent ;

Wy

Var. 6. brevifolia ; branches rigid; leaves shorter, erect, sub-im- Z
bricate, linear-lanceolate, the younger fulvid-hairy. P. fuloa, BE. & &! ee

Phylica.] RHAMNEE (Sond.) aes

smooth, shorter than the silky-villous segments; petals mitriform eu-
cullate. P. squarrosa, E. Mey.! in Hb. Drege! non Vent. Walpersia
squarrosa, Presi,

Has. Zwartebergen near Vrolyk, 3-4000, Drege! Aug. (Herb. Sond., T.C.D

Shrub erect, 1-2 feet high, with sparing, erect, short in 08 Leaves 3-4 a
long, 4 line wide. Petiole short, appressed. Head of flowers roundish, the size of a
small Pisce Higeat nor. or involucre 6-8 lines long, thin and villous, hairs
spreading, silky. yx 2 lines long, ish white. Known from P. rigida
capitata by the smaller leaves and fale ae the petals, : ~

_ 20. P. affinis (Sond.) ; branches sub-glabrous ; leaves approximate,
spreading, arcuate-incurved, linear, acerose, obtuse, or acutish, with re-
volute margins, convex, glabrous, and impressed punctate ubove, tomen-
tose beneath, the younger rigid-ciliate; exterior floral leaves surrounding
the roundish flowerhead, lanceolate, foliaceous, rigid-ciliate, with re-
ea margins, the ciliz blackish; intermediate sub-foliaceous, ciliate-
ugute, on longer petioles; interior somewhat longer, erect, linear,
not ‘foliaceous, without and at top plumose-ciliate; bracteole hirsute ;
about équalling the calyx; capsule globose, smooth ; area pretty large,
Has. Cape (no station given) Drege! 6783. :
Distinguished from the similar preceding by the rigidly-ciliate, yellowish upper
_ leaves, smaller flower-heads, with different involucre. Flowers not perfect. Capsule
the size of a pea,

_ 21. P. reflexa (Lam.! ill. n. 2625); branched, crowded; twigs yel-
lowish-tomentose ; leaves spreading or reflexed, ovate, sub-cordate, callous-
obtuse, flattish, smooth, punctate above, tomentose beneath, with slightly
revolute margins, the younger fulvid-villous; heads of flowers hemi-
spherical; involucre yellowish or fulvid; exterior scales foliaceous ; in-
terior somewhat longer, lanceolate, not foliaceous, plumose-hirsute ;
bracteol villous ; calyx slightly conical, fulvid-hirsute, segments acute,
erect, twice as short as the tube; petals cucullate. Comme. prael. p.
62, f. 13, P. cordata, Herb. un. itin. n. 630. non L. Soulangia cordata,
E. § Z, 1049. en oe es
~ Has. Rocky places on the summit of the Tablemountain, Ecklon. Nov. (Herb.
~ Lam., Wendl., Lehm., Sond.)
A yellowish green shrub, t-2 feet high. Lower leaves mostly sub-reflexed, about
§ lines long, 24 lines wide ; upper 4 lines long, 2 lines wide. Petiole 1-2 lines long,
_ appressed ; the leaves surrounding the flower-head or the exterior involucre not dif-
fering from the other leaves ; the interior involucre gradually smaller, and destitute
of lamina, surpassing the flower-head, 6-8 lines in diameter. Calyx short, pedicel-
late, 2 lines long, equalling the bracteoles. From P. callosa L., with which it is
confounded by authors, if differs by yellowish colour of heads and twigs, and
large, feathery, and involucrated heads.

22. P. tortuosa (E. Meyer!); much branched ; twigs fastigiate, hairy ;
— leaves sub-imbricate, incurved-erect, linear, acerose, callous-acute, hairy-
ciliate, at length glabrous, punctate-scabrous, with revolute margins ;
heads of flowers hemispherical; involucre with 3-4 rows of scales; the
exterior foliaceous, as well as the intermediate ciliate; the interior
longer, surpassing the flowers, villous-hirsute ; bracteole small, villous; z
calyx tubular, smooth, 5—dentate, teeth acute, without hirsute, within —
__gibbous, smooth ; petals cucullate.. ; oe

490 -- REHAMNE® (Sond.) [Phylica.

Has. Rocky places, Zwartebergen near Klaarstrom, 2-3000 f. Drege! Nov.
(Herb. Lehm., Sond., T.C.D.)

Stem and branches erect, greyish; twigs crowded, short, sometimes yellowish.
Leaves green, 3—4 lines long, }-t line wide; petiole 3 line long. Head of flowers
greenish, 4-6 lines in diameter. ‘Exterior involucre leafy ; intermediate scales longer
petiolate, the interior linear, 4 lines long, somewhat longer than the villous heads.
Calyx 2 lines long, slightly funnel-shaped, equalling the bracteole. Style short.
Differs from P. afinis by the erect, shorter, scabrous leaves, much shorter flower
heads, with yellowish not blackish cilia, &c.

** Petals setaceous or wanting. (Sp. 23-28.) sf

23, P. capitata (Thunb. ! prod. p. 45); stem erect; branches and
twigs erect, villous-pubescent ; leaves spreading, lanceolate, or linear-lan-
ceolate, with revolute margins, villous or sub-glabrous above, whitish-
tomentose beneath; floral ones a little spreading, very villous, heads of
flowers roundish ; bracteole villous ; calyx villous, segments subulate,

glabrous above, spreading, longer than the tube ; petals minute, setaceous,
or wanting. .

Var. a, lanceolata; leaves lanceolate, at length glabrous, shining
above, Heads of flowers large, greyish, white, or yellowish. Burm. Afr.
t. 44, f. 3. P. capitata, Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 203. Steb. fl. cap. exs. n.
67. Fl. mixt.n, go. E. & Z.! 1025. Wendl. / coll. 2, t. 50. Bot. Reg. t.
711. P. plumosa, Lodd. Bot, Cab. t. 253. P. pubescens, Ait. Kew. 1. p.
268. Willd. Herb. fol. 1 § 3. DC. 1. c. p. 36, Zey.! 2211.

eee B. eee 3 ee eet or sub-linear, ge
ig Or curvate-erec illous; heads of fi la th -
coloured. Drege.! 6780.” oe oe

- Var. y. brachycephala ; branches smooth, except the youngest twigs;
eaves lanceolate, curvate-erect, glabrous and shining above, the younger

sub-villous, the floral ones very villous ; heads of flowers much smaller.
Drege.! 6781.

small, equalling the calyx, or shorter. Cal lines long, segments very
small. Petals often wanting, in some specimens very eal eae thie ie inflexed —
filaments. Capsule roun smooth, the size of a large pea; area small. Seeds

ovate, nut brown. Very similar to P. plumosa, differs by. the larger heads of flowers,

7 P, rigida (E. & Z.!); branches, twigs, and petioles tomentose ;
ha approximate, spreading, or slightly erect, rigid, lanceolate, from
dake te base tapering into a rigid mucro, with revolute margins,
cont 2 a shining above, tomentose beneath ; the younger villous;
one = aay elongate, sub-filiform, villous, plumose, surrounding and
rer n the globose head of flowers ; bracteole yery villous, equalling
ae: thout (i ealyx at length glabrous ; segments subulate,
ents pees glabrous, but bearded in the middle ; petals

sag ye Hb. Drege.! non Thunb. Walpersia

Phylica.] RHAMNEX (Sond.) 491

Has. Rocky places, Ezelsbank, 3~5000 t. Drege! Cederbe: Clanwilliam, 2. & Z.
Nov.—March. (Herb. Sond.) “4p

Shrub robust, 2 feet and higher, with rigid branches, tomentose, dense, fulyid or
blackish. Leaves 8-10 lines long, 1-13 line wide ; petiole 1 line long. Head of
flowers the size of a walnut ; receptacle very villous ; involucre fea -villous,
greyish white. Calyx 3 lines long. Style short.

25. P. cylindrica (Wendl.! collect. 1. p. 7); stem and branches
erect ; twigs pubescent ; leaves lanceolate or linear lanceolate, villous,
with revolute margins, greenish above, whitish tomentose beneath, pa-
tent, the upper erect ; floral ones shorter, imbricate, woolly ; spike
cylindrical, dense, white; bracteole small, shorter than the tubular, very
villous calyx ; segments of the calyx lanceolate, spreading ; petals seta-
ceous, Willd./ enum. 1. p. 253. BR. & Sch. lc. v. 489. Spreng. l. ¢.
f 5+ DC. 1c p. 35. P. cylindrica, Drege! c. Tylanthus hirtifolius,

rest,

Var. @. glabrata ; leaves linear-lanceolate, acute, rigid, smooth,
shining, with revolute margins ; upper ones sub-villous.

; ah Between Heerelogement se raped ro ol Between a
vallei ey, Zey./ 320. June. Var. u and Lange >) an
between PirsaneGoF Wackaaktaal; Drege? O78 4. Tux: (Heeb Wendl

T.C.D., Sond.
30. ae more slender than those cultivated in the Herrenhausen

botanic gardens, and the flower-heads smaller. Shrub over 2 feet, with mostly
crowded, brownish branches. Leaves short, petiolate, 6-8 lines long, 1 line wide.
superior and floral ones shorter, villous, often penicillate at top. Spike terminal,
woolly, 1—2 lines long. Calyx bi-bracteolate, whitish, woolly, 2 lines long, segments
small, yellow green within. Petals very minute. Capsule smooth, the size of a
pea, area small.

26. P. spicata (L. fil. suppl. p. 153); stem and branches erect,
twigs greyish, pubescent ; leaves erect, oblong, or ovate-cordate, acumi-
nate, very acute, minutely downy or glabrous above, whitish tomentose

beneath, with revolute margins; floral ones (bractew) shorter, woolly ;
spike ovate or ovate-cylindric, white, woolly ; bracteole small, oa,
villous, shorter than the woolly calyx, segments small, longer than the
tube; petals setaceous; ovary glabrous. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 204. desi

.I.p. 1111. Lam. ill. t. 127, f. 3. Trichocephalus speatus, Brogn.

ea .* *
lic. E. & Z.1 997. Walpersia caprtata, Prest.
il, BE. § Z./ Niven,

Has. Mount Paardeberg, Thunberg/ Tulbagh near Waterfall, GA
Kruisrivier, Zey./ 319. Simonsbay, Paarl, Dutoitskloof, Piquet fig ene ioe
6764, 6787. FI. thro t the year. (Herb. Thunb., Wendl., T.C. ire * é

t feet high or ess sagittate-cordate, the lower sometimes I inch long, 4-5
lines wide, the intermediate 7-9 lines long, 3 oe’ ae eran, garg aaaggaat e8
long, 2 lines wide, or shorter. Petiole about 1 mg. Sp: 2 —_ “cagh ,

i ; floral leaves (bractew) about 4 lines long. Calyx 24 g,
seca pase Cassels oe blackish, smooth, the size of a large pea,

crowned by the calyx.

recli rh.! in Krauss. Beyt. p. 44); branches and
t a ch : i Scnririe reclinate, arcuate-curved, lanceolate, cal-
a: flattish, smooth and shining above, tomentose beneath, margins
revolute, younger leaves slightly hairy ; heads of flowers hemispherical H
floral leaves in 2-3 rows, the exterior glabrous, the interior ones no

om

492 RHAMNE (Sond.) [Phyliea,

foliaceous, lanceolate, feathery-hirsute, with villous margins, longer
than the flower-head ; bracteole small, villous, equalling the calyx;
segments of the calyx subulate ; petals setaceous. Walpersia curnifolia,
Presi.

Has. Mountain sides, Outeniqua, George, Krauss, Jan. Drege! 6790. Aug.
(Herb. T.C.D., Sond.) :

2 feet high or more, branches virgate. Leaves crowded, about 4 lines long, 1 line
wide. Petiole erect, 1 line long. Head of flowers half an inch in diameter. Interior
scales of the involucre 6 lines long, about 1 line wide, brownish, appressed-villous,
at top whitish, hirsute. Receptacle woolly. Calyx 24 lines long.

28. P. trachyphylla (Sond.); twigs pubescent ; leaves slightly spread-
ing, arcuate-curved, lanceolate, callows-mucronate, with revolute margins,
papillose-scabrous above, tomentose beneath, the younger villous ; heads
of flowers hemispherical, exterior leaves of the involucre villous,*the in-
termediate linear, the interior ones longer, plumoso-villous ; bracteole
small, villous, equalling the very villous calyx ; segments of the calyx
lanceolate, shorter than the tube, bearded on the throat within, petals
setaceous. T'richocephalus, trachyphyllus, E. § Z./ 100t.

Has. Amongst Rocks, Wi ee te: ay
terre ers ks, Winterhoeksberge near Tulbagh, Worcester, 2.

‘Shrub, 2 feet high, branches umbellate. Leaves 4 lines long, about 1 line wide ;
petiole erect, $ line long. Heads of flowers 6 lines in diameter, surrounded by the
uppermost leaves. Interior scales of the flowerheads about 6 lines long, dense,
bom villous at the top, longer than the flowerheads. Calyx 24 lines long. Petals

-B. Ericoides. Flowers in spherical or hemispherical heads; involucre leafy, flat,
ie Weeitaot ‘cal, shorter or not longer than the flowers. (Sp. 29-56.)
* Petals setaceous or wanting. (Sp. 29-31.)

29. P. retrorsa (E. Meyer!); twigs pubescent ; leaves (minute) re-
Hlexed, sessile, ovate, obtuse, cordate at base, with revolute margins, gla-
brous and papillose above, tomentose beneath ; heads of flowers woolly ;
scales of the involucre ovate or lanceolate, coloured ; calyx turbinate,
very villous, segments ovate, acute ; petals setaceous or wanting. 7'y-
lanthus retrorsus, Presl. :

Has. Roodeberg & Ezelskop, 4-5000 f. Drege! Novy. (Herb. Sond , Lehm., T.C.D.)
_ Shrub, much branched ; twigs umbellate, greyish or brownish. Leaves crowded,
in about 4 ranks, 1 line long, or smaller Capitula about the size of a large
pea. Scales of the involucre red, greenish or whitish, striate, about 1 line long.
Bracteole subulate, villous, equalling the calyx. Calyx 1 line long, hairs of the seg-
ments . I never found the petals, but according to W. Arnott, in Hook.
vam. Bot. vol. iii, p. 2§3, they are setaceous, as in T'richocephalus. Anthers

tate-scabrous above, tomentose beneath, with revolute margins ;

4-5000 f,
bles in

Phytica.] RHAMNE (Sond.) 493

Leaves 3~4 lines long, 3-1 line wide, often recurved at the top: the

, : ; 0 some-
what pubescent. Petiole 4 line long. Capitulum eeovih-whiin, the aa a hazel-
nut. Bracteole tomentose. Calyx 2 lines long. Capsule tomentose, at length sub-
glabrous, the size of a small pea, crowned by the calyx.

31. P. debilis (E. & Z.! 1016); twigs pubescent ; leaves (minute)
spreading, sub-reflexed, cordate-lanceolate, apiculate, sub-incurved, with
revolute margins, convex, smooth, papillose above, tomentose beneath,
the younger sub-villous ; heads of flowers small ; tnvolucre foliaceous;
calyx turbinate, villous; bracteole subulate, villous-barbate ; petals
setaceous, incurved, glabrous. Tylanthus debilis, Presl.

Has. Mountains in Kannaland, near villa “Gideon Joubert,” Swellendam.

£.&2Z.! Nov. (Herb. Sond., Lehm.)

Shrub 4-1 foot high, much branched from the base ; branches alternate, twigs fili-
form, brownish-grey. Leaves approximate, 2 lines long, 3-1 line wide, cordate-emar-
ginate at the base, shining. Capitulum white, 10-15 flowers on the very villous re-
—— Calyx 1 line long, very villous ; segments lanceolote. Ovary conical, soon
glabrate. re

** Petals roundish, concave, ciliate-barbate. (Sp. 32-34.)

32. P. brevifolia (E. & Z.! 1017); twigs pubescent; leaves (minute)
crowded, spreading, sub-sessile, cordate-lanceolate, hookedanwards,
acute, smooth, shining, tomentose beneath ; margins revolute ; heads
of flowers woolly, involucrated by the uppermost leaves ; calyx smooth;
segments subulate, spreading, very villous ; petals roundish, fimbriate,
ciliate.

Has. Between rocks, Zwarteberg, near Caledon, 7.4 7Z.! Aug. (Herb., Sond.,

T.C.D.)

1 foot high, greyish ; branches and twigs umbellate. Leaves about 1-14 line long,
$line wide, sub-compressed, minutely punctate above. Capitulum white, the size
of a large pea. Receptacle woolly. Calyx 1 line long ; segments very small.

33. P. cuspidata (E. & Z.! 1031); twigs wllous-tomentose; leaves:
sub-imbricate, erecto-patent, very short, petiolate, appressed at the base,
cordate, cuspidate, or lanceolate, callous-mucronate, with revolute mar-
gins, glabrous, shining above, tomentose beneath ; younger ones sub-
villous ; heads of flowers globose, spiked; inferior bractex foliaceous ;
calyx woolly-tomentose, segments lanceolate, subulate, bearded at the
base within ; petals concave, roundish, bearded ciliate. P. imberbis ?
Thunb.! herbar. P. strigosa, Berg.! ex pte. Petalopogon cuspidatus, Reiss.
in Decad. nov. stirp. mus. Vind. 10, n. 92. Lrichocephalus Harvey, Arn,!
tn Hook. Jour. Bot. vol. tit. p. 253+ pe Re oa

in Herb. ius. near ry;
emia, Padheten rome Niven, Boz rie 322. Drege, 6754, 6785,
6706. Bert. (ay Hee s tetign fastigiate, hort. Petiole

i igi apitula lobose.
one arr —— aenally shorter or as long as the flowers, in the lower
part of the capitulum a little longer. Bracteole subulate, hirsute. Calyx tubular: —
sub-campanulate, very villous at base. Style short ; stigmas lobed. Capsule blackish,
at length glabrous, the size of a pea ; area large. ee

34. .P Thunbergiana (E. Meyer!); twigs thinly pubescent ; leaves

494 RHAMNEZ (Sond.) [ Phyliea.

crowded, sub-sessile, or short-petioled, spreading, sub-recurved, ap-
pressed at the base, cordate-lanceolate, callous-mucronate, with revo-
lute margins, pubescent, older ones glabrate above, tomentose beneath ;
heads of flowers ovate or ovate-oblong, spiked ; bractez foliaceous ; calyx
appressed-silky, segments lanceolate, within bearded at the base; petals
concave, roundish, bearded-ciliate. H. Mey. in herb. Drege, but not P.
ericoides, Thunb. Tylanthus Thunbergianus, Presi.

Has. Hills between Paarl and Pont, and near Bergriver ; sandy places at the foot
of Simonsberg, Drege. Oct.-Dec. (Herb., Lehm., Sond., T.C.D.)

Shrub, about 1 foot high, greyish, with alternate branches. Leaves mostly im-
bricate, 2-3 lines long, 3—t line wide, in the twigs sub-distichous. Capitulum about
the size of a hazel-nut, greyish-white ; involucre formed by the uppermost leaves.
Bractee cuspidate. Bracteole small, hirsute. Calyx 1 line long. Capsule blackish,
at length glabrous, the size of a small pea.—Very similar to the preceding, but differs
by the slender, shorter stem, with numerous branches, pubescent, patent recurved
leaves, smaller, ovate or oblong capitula, and the calyx.

(Sp. 35-56.)

35. P, callosa (Thunb.! prod. p. 45) twigs greyish-pubescent ; leaves
spreading or sub-reflexed, ee aediae: Saves ilbs ovate or oblong,
callous-acute, hairy, sub-tomentose beneath, young ones pilose, adult
ones smooth above; margins revolute; heads of flowers swb-globose; in-
volucre leafy, as long or a little shorter than the head; bracteole vil-
lous short ; calyx sub-turbinate, segments lanceolate, very villous out-
side, equalling the glabrous tube; petals rotwndate, cucullate; capsule
smooth. HI. cap. p. 204. Linn. f. suppl. p. 153. DC.l.c. p.36. E. Mey.
Bee P. ores L.! aye a P. atrata, Bernh ! in gare

‘Ps 45, NON tensten. i g
Tylanthas callosus Presl. renee Pe dle, & 2.1% 99

- —— pseu ee ar Groenekloof, Devilsmountain, Thunb. E. § Z./ Kravuss.
aarl and Paarlberg, . Pappe, Drege, n. 1917 a. j : . ,
(Herb., Thunb., Hoim., Dan ides tol a

Shrub, 1-3 feet high, greyish ; leaves at length blackish. Branches rigid or vir-
gate. Petiole } line long. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 2-3 lines wide, others 14-1 line
wide, deeply cordate, slightly convex, quite smooth or papillate above, tipped by a
whitish callus ; the upper ones smaller, or lanceolate. Capitula solitary or corym-
bose, aggregate, tomentose, the size of a small cherry. Involucre appressed. Brac-
tew short. Calyx 2 lines long, with spreading segments, longer than the bracteole.
Capsule black, shining. the size of a small pea, crowned by the calyx.— Drege n.
1917 6. is perhaps a different species, which has an hemispherical capitulum and
more developed, lanceolote bractex ; the flowers are not perfect.

86. P. atrata (Licht.! in R. & Sch. syst. veg. v. ; twigs
clothed with dark villi ; leaves spreading, i aes Te gsc

*** Petals roundish conca) ostly cucullate or mitriform, quite glabrous.

lanceolate, incurred, callous, obtuse, very smooth above, tomentose beneath, —

with revolute margins ; heads of flowers terminal, hemispherical, villous;

leaves of the involucre sub-obtuse, equalling the capitulum or a little

longer ; calyx turbinate, glabrous ; se: i
cans os - gments lanceolate, very villous
outside ; bracteoke equalling the calyx, subulate, penicillate-hirsute ;

—

! 1005,

Ta cal, SrasOrm 5 e glabrous. T; ee
B. 2.1 1095 eh ayn. la Zt sooo. fot,

Ps

Phylica.] RHAMNE& (Sond.) 495

Van. §. litoralis; twigs clothed with greyish villi; green
4 : c yish villi; leaves pale ‘

P. litoralis, Bernh.! l.c. Trichocephalus litoralis, EB. & Zt ee

Has. Hott. Holl., Lichtenstein. Near Palmietriver, Stellenbosch
bergskloof, Caledon, E£. § Z.! Var. B. sea-coast near Cape Receif, 55 a eer
Zitz Kamma, Krauss, Gueinzius. J un.—Sept. (Hb. r. Berol., Wendl., Sond., T.C,D.)

Shrub, 1-3 feet high. Leaves 4~5 lines long, 1-13 line wide. Capitulum whitish,
woolly. Bractez lanceolate, leafy. Bracteole very small, 3 lines long. Capsule
small, shining. Distinguished from the preceding by the incurved, more obtuse.
not punctate-papillose leaves, larger heads, larger and longer leaves of the involucre
and the very villous flowers.

37. P. alpina (E. & Z.! 1018); branches and twigs pubescent ; leaves
small, sub-sessile, erect, sub-imbricate, cordate-lanceolate, shining and sca-
brous above, tomentose beneath, margins revolute; heads of flowers
terminal, hemispherical (small) ; leaves of the involucre equalling the
capitulum ; calyx turbinate, glabrous ; segments acute, very villous,
shorter than the tube, but longer than the villous bracteole ; petals
rotundate cucullate.

Has. Mountains near Brackfontein, Clanwilliam, Z. d. Z./ Drege! 6756. Aug.

(Herb, Sond.)

3—1 foot high, branches often trichotomous, reddish, Leaves 2-3 lines long, 1 line
wide, sometimes a little incurved. Capitulum the size of a pea. Leaves of the
involucre cuspidate. Bractee equalling the flowers. Calyx about 1 line long.

38. P. humilis (Sond.); branches and twigs filiform, pubescent ; leaves
minute, spreading or reflexed, sub-sessile, cordate, ovate, swh-obtuse, con-
vex, very smooth, shining above, tomentose beneath, with revolute mar-
gins; heads of about 8-12 lax, aggregated flowers, involucrated by the
uppermost leaves ; calyx campunulate, woolly, equalling the villous
bracteole ; petals cucullate; ovary sub-lanuginose.

Has. Mountains near Grietjesgat, between Lowrypass and Palmietriver, Stellen-
bosch, 2~4000 feet, Ecklon. Jun. (Herb., Sond.) ae ce

Shrub, a span high, with ascending greyish branches. Leaves a line long, smooth
and shining, but very minutely punctate above. Capitula roundish, the size of a
small pea. Calyx about } line long; segments acute. Capsule i crowned with
the calyx ; area about as large as the capsule.—Very similar to P. debilis, distin-
guished by the obtuse, very smooth leaves, calyx, and petals. os

39. P. acmmwphylla (E. & Z.! 1019); twigs villous-pubescent ; leaves
small, pier of or Big tel very short petiolate, cordate-lanceolate,
callous-acute, villous, at length glabrate above, white-tomentose beneath,
with revolute margins; heads of flowers hemispherical ; leaves of the
villous involucre ovate, acute, equalling the head ; tube of the calyx
glabrous ; segments lanceolate, villous ; bracteole villous, equalling
the calyx ; petals cucullate ; capsule globose, shining. P. parviflora,

E. Mey. d.
Has. mountain sides at Tulbagh, near waterfall, £.¢ Z.! Lowry-
sis oe Agree Strandfontein, near Olifant river, Drege, 6753. Nov. (Herb.,

Sond.) A ; ee

i ith greyish wish, often crowded branches. Lower leaves ap-

aang ig any is upper ones remote, 3-2 lines long. Capitulum —
Calyx about 1 line long. Capsule nut-brown, the
shining ing smaller capsule ; from P. alpina by the villous,
ves, bracteole, and calyx. — : coe

,

496

- 40. P. gracilis (Sond.); twigs villous ; leaves very short, petiolate,
spreading, incurved-erect, cordate, linear-lanceolate, with revolute mar-
gins, villous-ciliate, convex and glabrous above, whitish tomentose be-
neath; heads of flowers terminal, solitary ; involucre hemispherical, its
scales petiolate foliaceous, equalling the capitulum ; calyx turbinate, its
tube smooth; segments lanceolate, very villous, longer than the villous:
bracteole ; petals mitriform, obtuse. Trichocephalus gracilis, L. § Zl
1006. Tylanthus gracilis. Prest.

Has. Grassy places in mountains near Palmietriver, Stellenbosch, E. § Z./ Jun.
(Herb. Sond., T.C.D.)

A slender shrub, 1-2 feet high, with umbellate, greyish branches. Leaves 4-6
lines long, 1 line wide, dark green, the upper ones smaller. Capitulum dense-
flowered, white hirsute, 6 lines in diameter. Bracteolz subulate. Calyx about 2_
lines long ; segments short.

-RHAMNE (Sond.) [Phylica.

41. P. virgata (Sond.); branches elongate ; twigs villous ; leaves

_ very short, petiolate, erecto-patent, linear-lanceolate, acute, at the base
‘slightly cordate, with revolute margins, villous-ciliate, pilose, at length —
_. glabrous above, tomentose beneath; heads of flowers small, corymbose or

shorter than the capitulum ; calyx turbinate, its tube glabrous, segments
re lanceolate, very villous, a little longer than the villous bracteole ; petals
_mnitriform, obtuse, acuminate. Trichocephalus virgatus, E. d Z.! 1011.

| Tylanthus virgatus, Presi.
Moist places in mountains, Klynriviersberge, Caledon. £. ¢ Z./ at He-

k >, Zeyh. 2217. Aug. (Herb., Sond., 1.0.D.) :

i very slender, about 2 feet high ; twigs crowded, filiform, reddish. Lower
om ading, te lines long, 1 line wide, upper ones remote, erect, smaller.
See hs: phalous, or a great many peduncles disposed in a panicle. Capi-
12-flowered, woolly, the size of a pea. Flowers 1} line long. Bracteole
subulate, very villous at top.—Allied to P. gracilis, the leaves nearly the same, but

: :
= 80 —_— cordate, the heads much smaller and aggregated, and the petals

42. P. diosmoides (Sond.); branches and twigs thinly greyish-tomen-
tose ; leaves petiolate, erecto-patent or sub-erect, lanceolate, sub-incurved.
callous-apiculate, the younger sub-pilose, the adult ones glabrous, shining
above, tomentose beneath, with revolute margins ; heads of flowers —
___ terminal, corymbose ; leaves of the hemispherical involucre pluriseriate,—
: ‘on, oa pea the capitulum; calyx cuneate, woolly, @
‘iittle = r than the subulate feathery-hi s ents
+; petals cucullate, — ae me

ge Stony places between Great Houhoek and Potriver, Zeyh. Jul. (Herb. —

foot high, with greyish branches. Leaves 4-6 lines long, 1 line wide ; petiole

eg. appressed, tomentose. Calyx 2 lines long. Capitulum rarely solitary,

y corymbose, wig Se i ce long peduncles, the size of a large pea
es : e i i) pe
sere vit . Pages : white hairs 7 Easily known by the coe 2

(Sond.) ; twigs clothed with dark villi; leaves
1, With sub-recurved margins ;
es of the involucre ovate

heads of flowers sol

_ sub-paniculate ; involucre hemispherical, its leaves ovate, acute, villous, |

Phylica.] RHAMNER (Sond.) 497

oblong, acute, equalling the capitulum ; calyx turbinate, tube glabrous,
segments lanceolate, acuminate, very villous outside, longer than the
villous bracteole ; petals cucullate, obtuse. Trichocephalus elongatus,

HZ. 906: ell. wa k:

Has. Mountain sides near Zwellendam, Z.§ Z./ Oct. (Herb., Sond.)

1 foot, or higher. Branches and twigs rigid, angular. Leaves dense, 4-6 lines
long, 1} line wide, pale green, the upper ones sub-erect. Capitulum 6-8 lines in
diameter. Involucre foliaceous, 2-3 seriate. Flowers 3 lines long, limb very white.
Bracteolze linear, very villous, 2 lines long.—Very similar to P. atrata, from which
it differs by more oblong, not cordate, evidently petiolate leaves.

44. P. comosa (Sond.) ; branches minutely pubescent ; leaves erecto-
patent, short-petioled, lanceolate, incurved, callous-acute, obtuse at base,
glabrous, papillate-scabrous above, tomentose beneath, with revolute
margins, the younger pubescent ; head of flowers swb-globose; leaves of
the involucre ovate, acute, equalling the capitulum; calyx downy, seg-
ments lanceolate, villous ; bracteole villous, a little shorter than the
calyx ; petals rotundate-cucullate ; capsule velvetty pubescent. Tricho-
cephalus comosus, LH. § Z./ 1009. Tylanthus comosus, Presl.

Has. Among rocks in mountains of the Tulbagh valley, near waterfall, Z. ¢ Z./

Dec. (Herb., Lehm., Sond.)

Shrub, erect, much branched, greyish ; twigs short. Leaves approximate, sca-
brous, 4 lines long, about 1 line wide, the upper ones about 3 lines long. Petiole 1
line long. Capitulum the size of a small cherry. Calyx 2 lines long ; segments

shorter than the tube. Capsule greyish, the size of a pea.

45. P. rubra (Willd.! in R. & Sch. 1. c. p. 491); branches virgate,
twigs filiform, thinly pubescent, the ultimate very short; leaves spread-
ing, short-petioled, /anceolate, acute, at base obtuse, smooth above, to-
mentose beneath, with sub-revolute margins; heads of flowers minute,
terminal, 6—-10-flowered, involucrated by the uppermost leaves ; calyx
minute, campanulate, tomentose, segments acute ; bracteole villous,
shorter than the calyx; petals cucullate; capsule obovate, smooth.

Var. 8. parvifolia ; leaves erecto-patent, smaller, linear-lanceolate.
P. empetrordes, E. § Z./ 1021, ex pte.

Has. Hott. Holl. Lichtenstein. Var. 6. Howhoeksberge, Stellenbosch, Z. § 2./
(Herb., Willd., Holm., Hook., Sond.) sg

Shrub, over 2 feet high ; branches red, in var. 8. yellowish or greyish. Leaves 4°
lines long, 1 line wide ; in var. 8. 2-3 lines long, 4 line wide. Petiole }-1 line long.

~The numerous twigs, terminated by a head, representa large panicle. Capitulum
woolly, 1-1} line in diameter. Flowers 4 line ee ee 2 _ long,
cuneate, crowned by the persistent calyx ; area Peg oka apart

P. parviflora, but differs by the glabrous, not scabrous, leaves, w
edges. Phylica, Drege, 6761, is also very similar, but distinguished by the globose

capsule ; capitula and flowers are wanting.

46. P. apiculata (Sond.); branches nodose-scabrous ; twigs with
spreading hairs ; leaves spreading, sub-ineurved, lanceolate, tipped with
a very acute, callous point, at base obtuse, flattish and smooth above,
whitish-tomentose beneath, with revolute, ciliate margins ; heads of
flowers solitary ; involucre hemispherical, pubescent, its scales folia-

ceous cuspidate, the outer ones larger, equalling the capitulum ; calyx
vachindie:, smooth, longer than the subulate, feathery-hirsute bracteolae a

: segments hirsute ; petals rotundate, cucullate. ss

498 RHAMNE (Sond.) [ Phylica.

Has. Cape, Gueinzius. (Herb., Sond.)

Shrub, over 1 foot high, with ascending branches and mostly crowded, red twigs,
clothed with longish hairs. Petiole 1 line long, appressed. Leaves 5-6 lines long,
14 line wide. Capitula as large as those of P. ericoides ; sometimes by the aggregate
twigs corymbose, greyish-white. Calyx 1} line long, segments short, acute, some-—
times sub-lanceolate. Bracteole 1 line long. Capsule unripe, roundish, glabrous.
Differs from P. rubra by the hairy twigs, larger leaves, and flower-heads ; from P.
gracilis, by larger, flat, not cordate, leaves and capitulum ; from P. atrata, by the
not cordate, ciliate leaves, and smaller heads.

47. P. bicolor (L. mant. 208); branches erect ; twigs hirsute ; leaves
spreading or reflexed, upper ones sub-erect, short-petioled, dénear-lanceo-
late, acutish, hirsute, tomentose beneath, with revolute margins, adult
ones glabrous and punctate above ; heads of flowers swb-globose or ovate,
dense; involucre shorter than the head, as well as the linear-bracteole
fulvid or yellowish ; calyx longer than the bracteole, tube ovate-oblong
with reversed hairs, segments ovate-lanceolate, very hirsute ; petals
complicately-cucullate. R. & Sch.l.c.p.479. DC.l.c. p. 35. P. strigosa,
Berg.! cap. p. 50. ex pte. Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 200. Herb. Un. itin. n.
631. Sieb. fl. cap. exs.n.190. E. & Z.! 1030.

Has. Rocky places on the Steenberg, near Muysenberg, and on the top of the
i east, Grubb., Thunb., E. $21 Pages. Pantbers, Drege. Tune
(Herb., Holm., Thunb., Wendl., T.C.D., Sond.)

Shrub, 2-3 feet high ; branches often verticillate, sub-glabrous on the lower, but
very villous on the upper part. Leaves 6-8 lines long, 1-1} line wide, upper ones
smaller. Petiole 4-1 line long, appressed. Capitulum as large as a cherry, very
villous, many-flowered ; outer leaves of the involucre greenish, the inner ones golden.
ie he 3 lines long ; segments thrice shorter than the tube. Anthers bilocular.

48, P. nigrita (Sond.); twigs minutely pubescent; leaves spreading,
short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, acute, smooth, tomentose beneath, with
revolute margins ; heads of flowers solitary, hemispherical ; involucre
Jlat, its scales rowndish, acute, midribbed ; calyx turbinate, glabrous,
longer than the subulate villous bracteole, segments lanceolate, vil-
lous ; petals cucullate, roundish. Zrichocephalus atratus, E. & Z.! 1004.
excl, syn.

Has. On mountain sides, Hauhoekberge, and in Knafflockskraal, Stellenbosch, in
Mount Zwarteberg, Caledon, #.§ Z./ Jul-Aug. (Herb., Sond., T.C.D.)

1 foot high ; branches erecto-patent ; twigs erect, rigid, greyish. Leaves blackish
when dry, 3 lines long, } line wide, rigid, mucronate, or sub-obtuse, convex above,
sulcate beneath. Petiole 4 line long. Capitulum woolly, 4-5 lines in diameter. In-
volucre brownish, Calyx 14 line long ; segments spreading.—In habit it agrees
nearly with P. trachyphylla and P. gracilis ; in characters, with P. ericoides, from
which it differs by the robust habit and larger heads.

ote gulosa (Sond.); twigs minutely appressed, pubescent ; leaves
Tn g or secundate, upper ones erect, very short-petioled, linear-
lanceolate, acute, with a recurved point, appressed, pubescent, at length
pes and punctate above, tomentose beneath, with revolute margins ;

se flowers solitary, lax, 5-8-flowered; involucre short, with ap-
m pg calyx tubular, clothed with reversed hairs, thrice longer
pera pi nade ee short, ovate, lanceolate, erect, at length
p. 200, non Berg. : ss cucullate. P, eriophoros, Pivanb.t Jl. cap.

Phylica.} RHAMNE (Sond.) 499

Has. Near Capetown, Thunb., Sieber ; sandy flats near Krumrivier, Zeyh. 321.
Jul, (Herb, Thunb, Hook., Sond.) set air
rub, erect, 1-1} foot high, greyish ; branches alternate ; twigs erecto-patent
_ 1-3 inches long. Leaves 5-6 lines long, 1 line wide, upper ones smaller peg more
appressed. Flowers spicate-capitate. Bracteze lanceolate, shorter than the calyx.
Calyx 2 lines long, greyish, hairs rigid, retrorse, in the segments rarer. Anthers
le ager to P. montana, but differing by the hamulate leaves, the head
and petals. :

50. P. ericoides (L. spec. p. 283); branches fastigiate; twigs thinly
pubescent ; leaves short-petioled, spreading or erectish, linear or linear-
subulate, bluntish or acute, smooth, downy beneath, margins revolute ;
heads of flowers terminal on the sub-wmbellate twigs, small; involucre
hemispherical, its scales ovate, foliaceous, cuspidate; calyx turbinate,
smooth, longer than the very villous bracteol, segments ovate, acute,
hirsute ; petals concave, cucullate; capsule smooth. Commel.hort. Amst. 2.
t.1. Berg. cap. p. 49. Thunb. fl. cap. p. 199. Bot. Mag. t. 224. Spreng.
Berl, Mag. viii. p. 103. t. 8. f. 1. P. glabrata, Thunb. 7. c. P. acerosa,
herb. Wilid.! herb. n. 4686. fol. 1 & 2. P. microcephala, Willd. ! herb. n.
4695. P. ertcoides, H. Meyer in herb. Drege, e. LP. imberbis, ericoides et
eriophoros, EH. & Z.! 1010. 1014, 1015. Lylanthus eriophorus, Presi.

Has. Sandy places near Capetown; at Vankampsbay, Caledon, Gnadenthal, and
Cape Agulhas. Nov.Aug. (Herb., Thunb., r. Berol., Wendl., T.C.D., Sond., &c.)

Shrub, erect, 1-3 feet high. Lower leaves about 4 lines, upper ones 3 lines long,
4-3 lines wide, in cultivated specimens often wider, very smooth. Capitulum as
large as a pea, at base pubescent, involucrated by the uppermost leaves. Flowers 1
line long. e crowned by the calyx, as large as a very small pea ; area very
small.—P. g ta, Thunb., Herb., is a specincen with a little larger leaves. The
true P. ericoides has been confounded by Thunberg with P. rubra, var. 8. parvifolia.

51, P. parviflora (L. Mant. 209); branches slender; twigs pubes-
cent; leaves small, short-petioled, spreading or erect, /anceolate, subulate,
acutish, pilose, scabrous, downy beneath, margins revolute ; heads of
flowers minute, terminal, solitary on paniculated twigs ; involucre hemi-
spherical, its scales rhomboid-ovate, acute, hirsute ; calyx turbinate,
smooth, longer than the hirsute bracteole, segments ovate, acute, hir-
sute; petals concave-cucullate ; capsule smooth. Berg. cap. p. 48, Thunb.

l. c. Herb. Un. itin. n. 634. Sieb. flor. cap. exs. n, 08 and 183. #.& Z.!
1020, P. parviflora, E. Mey. in Herb. Drege, ¢. ex pte. Tylanthus parvi-

Jlorus, Presi.

Has. Sandy places in the Cape Flats, common near Saldanhabay and Grooteport.
Jan. and following months. (Herb., Sond., T.C.D., &e.) : ae

Stem brownish or greyish, smooth, over 1 foot high. Branch “ aggrega A i
filiform, the ultimate very short. Leaves 1-2 lines long. Capitula invo arn y
the uppermost leaves, as large as a hempseed or a small pea. spe te, oe I
line long. Capsule small.—Distingui from the preceding by the —_ my rous
leaves and small paniculated heads. P. parviflora, Willd. ! Herb. n. 4678. fol. 1.—=
P. rubra, Willd. Herb. n. 4693 ; 2.== Grubbia rosmarinifolia, Berg; 3.== Phylica,
doubtful species, similar to P. alpina.

52. P. selaginoides (Sond) ; branches crowded ; twigs minutely pu-
bescent ; ‘ame pene Sec, short-petioled, linear, with
revolute margins, terete, obtuse, with inflexed point, smooth, downy beneath,

the younger often villous; heads of flowers terminal, solitary ; _

500 RHAMNEZ (Sond.) [ Phylica.

hemispherical, exterior scales foliaceous, interior ones cuneate-ovate,
sub-coloured, pubescent, shorter than the flowers; calyx turbinate, v-
lous, on a short, very villous stalk, longer than the villous bracteole, seg-
ments acute; petals cucullate.

Has. Swellendam, Zcklon. Feb. (Herb. Sond.)

A heath-like shrub, 1-2 feet high, with brown-greyish branches. Leaves 2 lines
long ; the upper ones approximate. Capitulum as large as a pea or somewhat larger.
Calyx 14 line long, with spreading segments. Without flowers it is very similar to
P. abietina.

53. P. disticha (E. & Z.! 1022); branches virgate, 2-3-chotomous,
glabrous; twigs filiform, minutely puberulous; leaves erecto-patent or
sub-appressed, short-petioled, lanceolate or linear-subulate, with revolute
margins, swb-terete, obtuse or acutish, very smooth, downy beneath,
the younger minutely appressed-pubescent above ; heads of flowers
terminal (minute); involucre with ovate or obovate, acutish scales,
puberulous; calyx turbinate, glabrous, twice longer than the hirsute
bracteole, segments acute, hirsute ; petals mitriform-acuminate,; capsule
turbinate, smooth. PP. empetroides, EL. & Z.! 1021. ex pte. P. microce-
phala, E. § Z.! 1023. ex pte. non Willd.

Has. Stony places in mountains, Howhoeksberge, Stellenbosch, and Zwarteberge,
and Babylons Toorenberg, Caledon, E. § Z./ Zey./ 2216. Jul. (Herb. Sond. T.C.D.)
_ A fine shrub, 1-2 feet high, with purplish branches and twigs. Leaves about 2
lines long, $ line wide. Capitula as large as in P. parviflora, 5—10 flowered. Calyx
about 1 line long. Capsule shining, about as large as the capitulum.

54. P. brachycephala (Sond); branches elongate; twigs numerous,
alternate, puberulous; leaves spreading, short-petioled, lanceolate or
linear-subulate, with revolute margins, sub-terete, obtuse, smooth, downy
beneath, the younger appressed, pilose above; heads of flowers (minute)
solitary on scattered twigs, only involucrated by the uppermost leaves ;
calyx campanulate, longer than the bracteole, as well as the cuneate
ovarium, villous; segments acute; petals cucullate, obtuse. P. microce-
phala, E. § Z.! 1023. ex pte.

Has. Between rocks on in si illa “Gi y
a he cies — sides near villa “Gideon Joubert,” Swellendam,

Habit of the preceding, greyish. Twigs short. Leaves 1~2 lines long, very deci-
duous ; the upper ones approximate, horizontal. Petioles pubescent. Capitulum like

that of P. parvijlora, woolly, but the involucre consists only of a f Slate Linea
Flowers about 1 line Len only of a few petiolate lea

55. P. eriophoros (Berg.! pl. cap. p. 52); branches and twigs pubes-
cent; leaves short-petioled, linear, acute, sub-villous, adult ones gla-
brous, white-tomentose beneath, flat or sub-convex, with revolute mar-
gins ; heads of flowers terminal, solitary, rowndish,; involucre shorter
than the head ; calyx pubescent, longer than the linear, subulate, hirsute

acteolex, segments acute, as long as the tube; petals cucullate; cap-
sule roundish, appressed pubescent, at length glabrate.

Var. @. Bergiana; leaves linear, acutish; calyx i P.

‘ : 7 ; calyx woolly, hirsute. /.
a ccs. Berg. 1. ce. P. lanceolata, Thunb.! jl. cap. p. 200. P. rosma-
rinifolia, Lam.! ill, m. 2614. Lodd. Bott. Cab. t. 849. E. § Z.! 1036.
P. secunda, Herb, un. itin. n. 633. ex pte,

Phylica.] RHAMNEE (Sond.) 501

Var. 8. imberbis; leaves linear or linear subulate, bluntish; calyx
appressed-pubescent. P. imberbis, Berg.! 1. ¢. p. 51. non Thunb. nec
L.& Z.! BP. bruniades, Lam. ill. n. 2620.

Var y. secunda; leaves linear or linear subulate. secundate, acute,
smooth or nearly so; calyx pubescent. P. eriophoros, Berg. var.! P.
secunda, Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 201. Herb. un. itin. n. 633. E. & Z.! 1034.
P. tenuis, Spreng. P. ericoides, E. Mey. in Hb. Drege, a and b. Tylan-
thus secundus, Presl., Drege, 6759, 6769.

Has. Hills near Capetown and on the Cape flats, near Tulbagh, in Hott. Holl.
Grasbergrivier and Waterwal. May.Jun. (Herb. Holm., Thunb., Lam., Hook.,
T.C.D., Wendl., Sond.)

Shrub, about 1 foot high, greyish. Twigs short. Leaves approximate, 6-10 lines
long, 1 line wide, slightly tapering at base, the lower smoothish, upper appressed-
pubescent. Petiole 4-1 line long. Capitula many-flowered, sub-globose, woolly,
about 3 lines in diameter. Bractez longer than the subulate bracteole. Calyx 14-2
‘lines long; segments erect, at length spreading. Petals complicately cucullate.

Anthers 2-celled. Style cylindrical. Capsule crowned with the calyx, as large as a
small pea. Var. y. is more slender and sub-glabrous, has smaller leaves, and often

capitula 4 inch long, with longer bractez.

56. P. cephalantha (Sond.); twigs very minutely pubescent; leaves
approximate, short-petioled, erecto-patent, linear, with revolute mar-
gins, terete, obtuse, scabrous, hamate-recurved at top; heads of flowers
spherical (small), solitary, involucrated by the uppermost, small ap-
pressed leaves ; calyx campanulate, tomentose, longer than the hirsute
bracteole, segments acute; petals cucullate ; capsule ovate, tomentose.
P. eriophoros, E. § Z.! ex pte. P. parviflora, E. Meyer in Herb. Drege.
c. ex pte,

Has. Cape flats, E. & Z./ Drege, Dr. Pappe. May.—Sept. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

Shrub, about 1 foot high. Branches and branchlets clothed with a yellowish or
— down. Leaves 2 lines long. Capitulum as large as a pea, pubescent at base.

alyx about 1 line long, with yellowish down at top. Capsule crowned with the
calyx, as large as a small pea ; area small. Differs from P. ericoides by the obtuse,
hamulate leaves and spherical capitulum ; from P. eriophoros by the small, terete,
obtuse, scabrous leaves, and much smaller capitulum.

b, Calyx cylindrical, segments about 4 times shorter than the tube. Phylica sect.
Eriophylica, Meisn. Calophylica, Presl. (Sp. 57-58.)

57. P. gnidioides (E. & Z.! 1037); branches sub-corymbose; twigs
very minutely pubescent; leaves sub-imbricate, erecto-patent, linear,
mucronate, compressed, sub-ancipital, glabrous, downy beneath, younger
ciliate ; flowers capitate; leaves of the involucre acuminate, swb-coloured,
ciliate, villous at base, equalling the calyx ; bracteolx ciliate; calyx
white-tomentose, elongated, segments oblong-lanceolate, spreading ; pe-
tals cucullate. P. (eriophylica) gnidiotdes, Meisn. in Hook. Lond. Journ.
Bot. vol. 2, p. 58. P. juniperifolia, E. § Z./ 1038. Calophylica gnidi-
oides and juniperifolia, Presl. Bot. Bem. p. 39. Drege, 7360 (sub-Gnidia).
Zey.! 3746.

Has. Hills near Vanstaadensriviersberge, Port Elizabeth, Bethelsdorp and Oli-
fantshoek, Uitenh., Mount Bothasberg near Vishrivier, Albany, 2. Z./ Lange-
kloof, George, Dr. Krauss. Jul. (Herb. Sond., Lehm.) é

Shrub over 2 feet ; branches brown-greyish ; twigs short. Leaves short, petiolate,
opposite, yerticillate, mostly alternate, 3-5 lines long, } line wide, lower sub-remote,

502 3 TEREBINTACEH (Sond.) [Phylica.

upper dense, straight or at point recurved. Capitulum as large as a cherry, solitary,
or often several aggregated. ‘Leaves of the involucre very similar to the other
leaves, but thinner. Calyx 4 lines long, sub-silky-tomentose; tube 3 lines long,
equalling the linear bracteole ; limb reddish or purple within. Anthers 1-celled.
Style filiform, as long as the calyx tube; stigma capitate, sub-lobed. Capsule

roundish, sub-trigonous, velvetty-tomentose, the size of a pea. Very like some species _

of Gnidia.

58. P. abietina (E. & Z.! 1013); branches fastigiate ; twigs umbel-
late, very minutely pubescent ; leaves approximate, spreading, linear,
obtuse, apiculate with inflexed point, sub-terete, with revolute margins,
glabrous, downy beneath ; flowers capitate ; leaves of the involucre
greenish, petiolate, inner petioles longer, hirsute ; bracteolz hirsute ;
calyx white-tomentose, elongated, segments hirsute, oblong-lanceolate,
spreading ; petals cucullate.

Has. Stony places, sides of Mount Winterhoeksberg, near villa ‘“ Viljoen,” Uit.
E.G Z.!' Feb. (Herb. Sond.)

: Shrub erect, about 2 feet high, greyish. Leaves deciduous, 1} line long, with
rigid point, the uppermost imbricate. Capitulum as in the preceding, solitary, never

several aggregate: Calyx 3 lines long. Anthers 1-celled. Style as long as the tube.

_ Habit nearly that of P. ericoides, but leaves and heads very different.

: Phylica spec. 6784, Herd. Drege, is similar to P. afinis ; the specimens are insuffi-
cient. P. nitida, Lam./ ill. n. 2613, is not a Cape plant ; in Herb. Wildenow and
others are specimens of the same species from the Mauritius. P. elongata, Willd.!
P. squamosa, Willd.! P. globosa, Thunb.! P. trichotoma, Thunb.! are Brumiacee.
Trichocephalus verticillatus, E. & Z.! 1003 is a Stilbacea.

OrpeR XLVI. TEREBINTACEZ, Juss.
(By W. Sonver.)

(Terebintaceze, Juss. DC. Prod. 2. p. 62. Anacardiacese and Bur-
seracee, Endl. Gen. cexlv. ecxlvi. Anacardiacese and Amyridacew, Lindl
Veg. Kingd. clxxiv. clxxi.) 7

Flowers regular, generally unisexual, rarely complete. Calyx free or
connate with the lower half of the pistil, 3-5-parted, persistent, imbri-
cate, sometimes enlarged in fruit. Petals 3-5, surrounding a fleshy
dise, spreading imbricate, mostly deciduous. Stamens inserted with the
petals, as many or twice as many, rarely more; filaments subulate ;
anthers introrse, 2-celled, opening lengthwise. Ovary mostly free, of one
carpel or of two to five consolidated carpels, some abortive; styles or
stigmas as many as the carpels ; ovale solitary or in pairs, pendulous,
_ Fruit drupaceous, rarely dry. Seed exalbuminous, with fleshy cotyle-
_ dons and radicle next the hilum.

Trees or shrubs with resinous, often caustic and milky juices. Leaves alternate,
poem mostly pinnate or trifoliate, with or without minute stipules. Flowers

7 oe fo anicles, racemes, or spikes. An extensive tropical or sub-tropi-
; oo sega Se apthcgdhennermatgar anergy Aa northern hem1-
phere. +e genus Rhus is almost cosmopolitan. Several have esculent fruit, of

‘ ss

sevens

Odina.] | TEREBINTACEE (Sond.) 503

TABLE OF THE SOUTH AFRICAN GENERA.

Sub-order 1. Anacarnpmx. Qvary of one unilocular, fertile carpel,
with or without 3-4-abortive carpels ; ovule solitary.

D-2 TT. Odina.— Petals 4. Stamens 8. Styles 4.
' G-&3 IL. Rhus.—Petals s ovate. Stam. 5- Styles 3. Drupe wingless, longer than
ie the calyx.
mt ...407, Smodinglum.— Petals §, oblong. Stam. §. Styles 3. Samara sub-orbicular,

with a broad wing. : :
O-/} IV. Botryceras.—Petals 4-5, lanceolate. Stam. 4-5. Style 1; stigma trifid. Drupe
oval, compressed, small, winged. :
O-] V. Loxostylis.— Petals 5, lanceolate, Stam. 5. Styles 1-4, Drupe oval, oblique,
enclosed in an enlarged, leafy, and coloured calyx. : ’
Sub-order 2, Sponpinm. Ovary solid, 2-5-celled; styles 2-5 ; ovules
solitary in each cell. Fruit plurilocular ; 2-5-seeded.
- O-] .
oe : VI. Sclerocarya.—Male-flowers spicate. Stamens 12-15.
©-/ VII, Harpephyllum.—Male-flowers panicled. Stamens 8-9.
Sub-order 8. Burserea. Ovary solid, 2—5-celled ; ovules two in each
_ cell. Fruit plurilocular, one or several seeded.

-O~) VIEL, Balsamodendron.—Sepals and petals 4. Stamens 8, Ovary 2-celled.
APPENDIX.

O-! IX. ? Cathastrum.— Flowers bisexual, pentamerous. Stamens 5. Ovary unilocular ;
ovules 6-8, in two rows, sutural ; stigma peltate. eaves simple, opposite.

Flowers axillary.

I. ODINA, Roxburgh.

Polygamous. Calyx shortly 4-lobed, persistent, segments ovate or
Satele Petals 4, aie ps spreading, estivation imbricative.
Stamens 8, inserted below the margin of the disc ; anthers ovate. Torus
discoid, fleshy, 8-crenated, the crenatures alternating with the stamens.
Rudimentary pistillum (in the male) 4-partite ; segments erect, jm 9
pressed, clavate. Ovary (in the female) free, oblong, 1-celled ; ovw
solitary, pendulous from one side near the apex of the cell, Styles és
from the top of the ovary, short, erect; stigmas simple. Drupe sub-
baccate, with a hard, one-seeded putamen. Seed of the same shape =
nut. Lmbryo slightly curved, inverted; cotyledons fleshy, flat. Wig.
et Arnott, Prod. Flor. Pen. Ind. p. 171. Spay ee ae

Large the ends of the branches,
nated ; ahee Pirate; Groat Piucin fin Se oblong-ovate, entire, paler ae
Racemes terminal, fascicles, filiform. Flowers small, fasciled.—Name unexplained,
probably a native appellation in India.

i i tomentose ; leaves

1. 0. edulis (Sond.); branchlets, petioles and leaves ; leav
2-3-jugate, oka A TRE oblong-ovate or obovate-obtuse, or with
a short obtuse acumen, entire, green and shining above, rufo-tomentose
beneath, reticulate ; racemes short, tomentose ; drupe ovate, sub-globose.
Haz. On rocks at the north side weg — Burke, Zeyh. No. 349. Flow.
May-Jun. ; fruit, Dec. erb., H “9 : , ,
a ‘iat long. Prick 3-4 inches long, as well as the rachis prone
above. Leaflets 7 or 5, inferior pair on very short petioles, parse pairs Ҥ
sile, terminal leaflets on a half uncial stalk, 3-4 inches long, 2-24 inches wide, os

baw

504 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) [ Rhus.

rarely emarginate, with revolute margins ; the young leaflets densely stellate
eceine bs both surfaces. Racemes 2-3 gay simple or with a few
branches at the base. Flowers minute, about a line long, on very short pedicels, 3
or more fasciculate. Calyx 4-parted. Petals 4, oblong, longer than the 8 stamens.
Drupe edible, 4-5 lines long, smooth, with 4 short styles on the top.—Spondias
microcarpa, Rich. flor. Seneg. is a very similar plant, but the leaves are quite gla-
brous and tlie drupes different.

2. 0.? discolor (Sond., Linn. xxiii. 1. p. 25) ; branchlets glabrous ;
leaves imparipinnate, 4—5-jugate ; leaflets sessile, ovate-oblong, or ob-
long-obtuse, or with a short obtuse acumen, quite entire, glabrous and
reticulate above, cano-tomentose beneath ; male flowers in terminal
spikes ; rhachis pubescent ; calyx puberulous at base ; petals 4, patent ;
stamens 8.

Has. Macalisberg, Burke and Zeyh. n. 1853, Sept. (Herb., Hook., Sond.)

Branchlets terete, yellowish, or somewhat purple. Leaves 1 foot. Petiole canali-
culate, 2~3 uncial, a little broader at base. ets at base obtuse or sub-cordate,
2-3 inches long, 1-14 inch wide, the upper petiolulate. Male spikes 2-4 approxi-
mate, simple, about 3 inches long. Flowers sessile, minute. Segments of the calyx
glabrous. Petals oblong, about 2 lines long. Rudimentary styles 4, very short ;
female flowers, and the fruits are wanting.—This plant has a great affinity to Lannea
velutina, Rich.! in fl. Seneg. p. 155. t. xlii., and if the fruit is not different, it must
be removed with Lannea from Anacardiee to Burseree. I have an authentic
specimen of Lannea velutina with half-ripe fruit ; the drupe is 3-celled, with 2 or 1
seed in each cell. Lannea is incorrectly referred by Endlicher to Odina.

IL RHQUS, L.

Flowers hermaphrodite, or by abortion dicecious. Calyx small, 5—6-
partite, persistent. Petals 5-6, oblong or ovate, spreading. Stamens
5-6, all perfect. Ovary 1, sub-globose, 1-celled, abortive in the male
flower. Style 1, short, with 3 stigmas, or 3 styles. Drupe nearly dry
or sub-fleshy, 1-celled, containing a bony, 1-seeded (by abortion) nucleus.
Seeds without albumen, sustained by a funicle rising from the bottom
of the cell; cotyledons leafy or fleshy. Endl, Gen. 5905.

A large genus of shrubs or small trees, frequently resinous. Leaves alternate,
usually (in the Cape species) trifoliolate, rarely simple. Flowers panicled or racemose,
small, greenish or white. The name is derived from the Greek, poos or pous, flowing ;
perhaps because of the resinous juices of several.

G~S3 ANALYSIS OF THE SPECIES.

I. Leaves palmately trifoliate, leaflets rising from the top of the petiole.
A. Leaflets tomentose.
a. Leaflets paler, or white underneath :
a. quite entire, or sinuate-toothed.
leaflets narrow-linear, mucronate; panicle
leaflets linear-lanceolate, acuminate ; pani- —
des (2) stenophylla.

leaflets lanceolate, sessile ; branchlets

oo ove a oo Pra vee 4) discolor.
leaflets oval-cuneate; panicles pubescent,
ine ss . * vee (5) divaricata.

(1) rosmarinifolia. bi :

nun ecnaiinta atacand

Rhus.) TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) 505

leaflets obovate-cuneate ; ; eee tomen-

tose ; flowers glomerate ... «s (6) obovata,
leaflets ‘elliptic or ovate acute... ... ... (8) tomentosa. ~
leaflets rhomboid-suborbicular. ..._ (7) populifolia.
8. pinnatifid, or deeply incised. _
leaflets inciso-pinnatifid ; lobes obtuse ; oe
drupe pubescent ... ... (9) imeisa. San.)
leaflets sharply cut, pinnatifid ; _ drupe
smooth or muricate ... +. (10) dissecta,
b. Leaflets same colour on both sides.
branchlets, leaflets, and = rp A
yellowish tomentose... (rz) magalismontana
B. Leaves and panicles villous or srihesctnk pat the
leaflets sub-glabrous.

a. Leaflets 3 lobed, or 3—7 dentate, or sinuate.
leaflets sie seston 3 ‘lobed, or 3 den-
wile? .. ... (16) tridentata.
leaflets obovate, 347 “dentate, villous ... (12) parvifolia,
leaflets ovate, or Bho mre vil-
lous beneath... ... owes oe sey (15) SLUR,
b. Leaflets entire,
leaflets obovate, hairy ; racemes shorter
than the leaves ... ... .. (13) Villosa. }
leaflets obovate, pubescent, uncial ; Pani
cles filiform, long... .. .. (14) refracta.
leaflets obovate-oblong, pubescent, 2 u- 5
cial ; panicles ample, leafless, long ... (15) pyroides. 29
leaflets oblong, acute or elliptic-lanceolate,
sub-sericeous ; eergets of the — of
the leaves... . fis ees’ see (17) paberals,
C, Leaves and panicles quite aint, or the sasha’
slightly hairy.
a. petioles sub-terete, furrowed above.
a. leaflets dentate or serrate.
leaflets cuneate, with 3-7 large teeth ;
green on both sides ; branchlets pu-
berulous (19) ouneifolia.

rufous beneath ; ‘branchlets rufovillous (20) orenata,

paler beneath ; ’pranchlets glabrous (21) dentata.
leaflets ovate-acuminate, 2-6 dentate ... (25) laevigata, var. 8.
leaflets oval-obtuse, emarginate, ——

serrate, quite glabrous Bie St (29) natalensis.
leaflets lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate, re- ‘
motely denticulate ... sic (28)
leaflets linear, acute, erosely-toothed ..- (32) erosa,
B. leaflets quite entire.
* leaflets flat above.

leaflets obovate-cuneiform, mucronate, -
with revolute margins ; branchlets

glabrous... (22) mucronata, 7)...
leaflets oblong, cuneate at ‘pase, “flat ;
branchlets pubescent... (23) Burkeana.
leaflets elliptic, cuspidate, margined j :
branchlets glabrous... .. (24) Zeyheri.
leaflets ovate, acuminate... . (25) laevigata.
leaflets lanceolate, acuminate ; ~pani- at
cles hirsute (27) viminalis, =~
leaflets lanceolate linea panicles gla- oe
(26) lancea,

str linear, very blunt, broadest er oe
towards the apex... -- (34) tridactyla.

506 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.)

** leaflets concave above.
leaflets small linear, mucronate, convex
BROWS cutren Siete Goo it's os
##* leaflets carinate above.
leaflets lanceolate-oblong or linear-ob-
long, mucronate, cuneate, whiteish
b, petioles with small wings.

leaves sub-sessile 2... 0. ee wee

leaves on long or moderate petioles.
leafleta obcordatie::..i.-4..5 ales ae
leaflets ovate, sub-acute, ribbed ; drupe
COR ee eats toe
leaflets obovate, flat, without prominent
ehh, Sy eae VeeeC Cr wee eT See, ee
leaflets cuneate-oblong, flat, ribbed on
DOR ER Sie ere ge ee ete
leaflets obovate, with elevated veins and
revolute MATQINS ... 22. es ee ony
leaflets obovate-oblong, white-margined,
with revolute aay Saas
leaflets obovate-cuneate, undulate, denti-
leaflets lanceolate, short, acuminate, with

Lor? OO Se ee
leaflets lanceolate, carinate, undulate, gla-
brous tf

leaflets linear-lanceolate, flat, ciliate
D. Young branches, leaves and panicles covered with
red glands.

leaflets linear-cuneate ... ... 1. oss
leaflets cuneate-obovate ... ... 0... +
II. Leaves simple, penni-nerved.
leaflets linear-oblong, quite glabrous, glaucous
leaflets obovate or elliptic-obovate, quite gla-
brous,; GAR iad pas a:
leaflets pulverulent, glaucous... ... ... ...
leaflets whitish-tomentose beneath, glabrous,

see aoe

. Yeticulate above ... 4... 0 1. 4
leafiets silky-tomentose beneath.
alternate.
oblong or linear-oblong, withrecurved
oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate un-
dulate-cremate ... 00. cas
ternate,
- oblong-lanceolate or lanceolate, flat

-
— —

[ Rhus.
(33) Dregeana.

(30) Eckloniana.

(38) scoparia.

(34) glauca. +

(37) Africana.

(35) lucida, +
(40) excisa.

(36) seytophylla.

(41) albomarginata.
(39) undulata. ¥

(44) rigida.

(43) celastroides.
(42) ciliata.

(45) horrida.
(46) longispina.

(53) longifolia.

(49) concolor. sai SL Jeet :

(47) Thu
(48) dispar.

(g0) mucronifolia.
(52) paniculosa.
(51) salicina.

I. Leaves palmately oe ee rising from the top of the petiole.

Sp. 1-46.)
A. Leaflets tomentose. (Sp. 1-11.)

1. RB. rosmarinifolia (Vahl. Symb. 3. p. 50)5 branchlets glabrous ;
leaves sub-sessile or petiolate ; leaflets narrow-linear, mucronate, with
revolute margins, glabrous above, whitish-tomentose beneath ; panicles

axillary and

glabrous ; pedicels capillary.

Burm. Afr. t. 93-

S43. Willd. spec. 1. p, 1484. Thunb.! herbar. fol. «. fl. cap. p. 262
(partim). DC. p. 71. BE. 4.1 n. 1088, Herb, ig Jee

{|
ed
|

Rhus.) TEREBINTACEE (Sond.) 507

Hap. Mountains round Capetown, in Stellenbosch, Uitenhage, and Caledon.
Thanb.! E. & Z.! Pappe. Piquetberg, Drege, 6812. Mar.—Jul. (Herb. Thunb.,
Sond., T.C.D., etc.)

A shrub 2~4 feet high, the branches and branchlets virgate. Leaves nearly sessile
or on a petiole 2~3 lines long. Leaflets straight or incurved, 1-2 inches long, 3-r
line wide, the terminal somewhat longer. Axillary panicles short, the terminal ones
mostly longer ; peduncles slender, patent, the uppermost pedicels about 1 line or as
long as the flowers. Petals oblong, twice as long as the calyx. Drupe the size of a
pea, pubescent or sub-glabrous.

2. R. stenophylla (E. & Z.! n. 1094); branchlets puberulous, leaves
sub-sessile or petiolate; leaflets sessile, linear-lanceolate, acuminate, ta-
pering to the base, mucronate, with revolute margins, entire, or with one
or a few sharp teeth, glabrous above, whitish-tomentose beneath ; pani-
cles axillary and terminal pubescent; pedicels capillary. RB. rosmarini-
Joha, Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 262 (partim) herbar, fol. 8. and y, Sieber, fl. -
cap. exs.n. 216. &. lavandulefolia, Presi. Bot. Bem. p. 42.

Var. 8. brevifolia ; leaves elliptico-lanceolate ; acute, tapering at the
base, entire or paucidentate at the top.

Has. Among shrubs on Tablemountain and Hott. Holl. E. & Z./ Drege! 6813.

Var. B. in Vanstaadensriviersberge, Zey./ 2228. Oct. (Herb. Thunb., Lehm., Sond.)
istinguished from the preceding, to which it is much allied (and perhaps a
variety), by the more robust habit, the larger and generally longer leaves, and the
ubescent panicle. Leaflets in var. a, 1-2} inches long, 2-3 lines wide ; in var. B.
b-9 lines long, 2 lines wide, at the top with 2-4 short but acute teeth. The flowers
and fruit pubescent, as in the preceding. Drege n. 6811, is a radical shoot of this or
R. incisa.

3. R. angustifolia (L. spec. 382); branchlets glabrous; leaves petio-
late ; leaflets petiolulate, lanceolate, mucronate, somewhat tapering at base,
smooth, shining, reticulate above, densely tomentose beneath, on both
sides penninerved, with quite entire, flat, or slightly recurved margins;
panicles terminal, longer than the leaves, pubescent ; drupe sub-globose,
puberulous. Pluk. Alm. t. 219. f. 6. Thunb.! fl. cap, p. 263. H.§ Z.!
n. 1092. Sieb. ews. m. 217. Drege! herb. n. 6210. Zey.!n. 2229. R.
argentea, Will. dict. n. 11. ai |

Has. Common among — _ apse i Sac — Stellenbosch and Worcester.

.—Dec. erb. Thunb. ., T.C.D., Son
Ort chad, with brown brendhea, “Petlale’§ tek ot longer, flat above, lateral pe
tioles 2 lines, the terminal 3-4 lines long. Leaflets 2-2} inches long, 4-6 lines wide,
green, with impressed middle nerve above, whitish or yellowish tomentose below,
somewhat red in the prominent middle nerve. Flowers white, } line long. Panicles
2-5 inches long, pyramidal. Pedicels capillary, bracteate at the base. a, ae
size of a pea. In a few specimens the ultimate branchlets and petioles are y

ubescent. Very similar to R. Jancea, Thunb., but distinguished bythe tomentose

feaftets and the drupe.

4, R. discolor (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege.) ; branches and petioles to-
mentose and slg od petiolate, leaflets sessile, lanceolate, mucronate,
quite entire, adpressed-pubescent, or sub-glabrous above, softly reddish-
tomentose below, flat or with revolute margins, the terminal tapering at
base ; panicles hirsute, the axillary shorter than the leaves, the terminal
longer, many-flowered ; drupe globose, glabrous, shining. 2. rufescens,
E. § Z.1 1093. non Hamilton. ee.

Has. Mountains Winterberge, and at Chumiberg, Caffr. £. & Z,! Vanstaadens- —

508 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) [Rhus.

berg, ‘Katberg, between Buffelrivier and Key, Drege! Magalisberg, Burke, 328,
Zey, 336. Dec.—Jan, (Herb. Hook., Lehm., Sond., T.C.D.) om :

Very near the preceding, but differs by the soft, reddish tomentum, the sessile |
leaflets, shorter racemes and drupe. Petioles 3-6 lines long. Leaves about 3 inches~ 3%
long, 6-8 lines wide, acute or obtuse, mucronate, the lateral ones unequal at base, cS
Drupe yellowish brown, the size of a small pea. s

§. R. divaricata (E. & Z.! n. 1106); branches spreading, terete,
smooth, branchlets and petioles minutely-pubescent; leaves on longish a
petioles ; leaflets sessile, ovate, obtuse or emarginate, mucronulate, the = =
terminal narrowed at base, the laterals smaller, sub-oblique, puberulous
above, albo- or reddish-tomentose beneath, quite entire, with the margin ~
slightly recurved or paucidentate; panicles axillary, small, spars-

flowered, pubescent, shorter than the leaves or sub-equal ; drupe globose,

smooth, £&. subferruginata, Presl.

Has, On sides of the mountains at Klipplattriver, Tambukiland, FE. ¢ Z.! Witber-
gen between Gorip and Caledon river, Zey. Tereb., n. 6; Drege, n. 6796. Uitvlugt
at Limcenfontein and Buffelrivier, 3-4000 £. Drege. Nov.—Jan. (Herb. Lehm., pee]
; ae |
A shrub, seemingly small, much branched, ultimate branchlets short. Petioles oo a |
6-10 lines long, furrowed. Terminal leaflets 3-1 inch long, 5-6 lines wide; the la-
teral ones about half as long, regularly penninerved, puberulous, at last glabrous
above. Panicle about an inch long, shorter or longer, the rhachis flexuose, lateral
branches sometimes few, 3-5 flowered, pedicels 1 line long. Flowers about ¢ lines
long. Petals twice as long as the ovate, acute calyx. Drupe tipped with the three

styles. Known from the very similar 2. refracta, by the tomentose, not villous or G
glabrous leaves. Bees:

_ 6. R. obovata (Sond.) ; branchlets smooth or puberulous ; leaves pe-
tiolate, leaflets on very short petiolules, obovate-cuneate, obtuse-mucronu-
late, shortly dentate or rarely entire, glabrous above, whitish-tomentose
beneath ; panicles terminal, elongated, tomentose; flowers sessile-glo-
merate; drupe pubescent. R. sinuata, BE. & Z.! n. 1111. not of Thunb.!

Haz. In the forests of Adow and Olifantshoek, Uitenh., Gaurits and Camptours-

river, George ; Hassigaybosch, Albany, EF. ¢ Z.! Zey./ 2240, Zuurebergen, Drege,
6794. Oct. (Herb. pis digs 35 3 eae s : eo

A shrub, 10 feet high, with spreading branches. Petiole 3-6 lines long, sub-terete,
puberulous. Leaflets sub-sessile, the terminal 1-1} inch long, 6—10 lines wide, with
obtuse or acute teeth. Panicle 2-4 inches long, the branches naked at base, the
flowers sessile, The drupe is scarcely the size of a small pea.

7. R. populifolia (E. Mey. in Hb. Drege) ; branches smooth or thinly
pubescent ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets on very short petiolules, triangular :
or rhombeo-sub-orbiculate, obtuse or acute, dentate, appressed, puberu-
lous or glabrous above, whitish-tomentose beneath ; panicles terminal, =
puberulous ; drupe oblique, puberulous, tipped by the styles. oe
‘Has. At the mouth of the Gariep, Drege! Sept. (Herb. E. Mey. T.C.D., Sond.) —

A shrub, with the habit of the preceding, but differing by the leaves and fruits.
Petiole about 6 lines long, searcely canaliculate above. Leaflets 1} inch long)
— inch wide, glabrous above, with yellowish, impressed nerves, on the lower sur-
ae ee nerves, the ee ee obtuse at base, or tapering intoa pe =
than lat © fos Sere erous panicles not longer than the leaves. Drupe

lines long.) ie
8. R. tomentosa (L. spec. 382); branches puberulous or glabrous; g
leaves petiolate ; leaflets elliptic or ovate, acute, or acuminated at both a

Rhus.) TEREBINTACEE (Sond.) S08

ends, entire or coarsely serrated from the middle to the apex, smoothish
above, whitish-tomentose beneath ; panicles terminal, downy, longer
than the leaves; drupe depressed, globose, pubescent. Comm. hort,
. Amst. I. t.92. Thunb.! prod. p. 52. Flor. cap. p. 266. DC. 1. ¢. Pez 3.
4.4 Z.1n. 1109. Herd. Un. itin. n. 686. Steb. exs. n. 155. R. Eck
lonis Schrad.! hort. Gott. R. elliptica, HL. Mey! Zey.! n. 2232, 2234,
Pappe. Sylv. cap. p. 13.

Var, £. petiolaris; leaflets elliptic-oblong, acute, or acuminate at
both ends, with long petiolules. 2, ellipticum, Thunb! l. c. p. 263. R.
bicolor, Licht.! in Herb. Willd. RB. & Sch. Syst. ©. p. 661. BR. discolor,
Schrad.! hort. Geetting. Poe

Has. Everywhere on the slopes of the mountains of the Cape, Stellenbosch, Wor-
cester, and Uitenhage districts. Jul—Sept. (Herb. Thunb., Sond., T.C.D., &c.)

A shrub or tree, height of trunk 2-3 feet, diameter 3-4 inches. Branches some-
what patent, branchlets brownish-purple. Leaflets green and costate above, ribbed
below, quite entire or with 3-6 teeth, the lateral ones smaller, the terminal 14-2
inches long, 1-1} inch wide, in var. 8. 14-24 inches long, 6-8 lines wide. Common
petiole 3-1 inch or longer, sub-terete ; petiolules in var. a. very short or wanting, in
var. 8. 3-6 lines long. Panicles mostly terminal, elongated ; flowers minute. Fruit
the size of a small pea. =) ae

9. R. incisa (L. fil. suppl. 183); branches puberulous ; leaves petio-
late ; leaflets sessile, obovate, wedge-shaped, obtuse, incised pinnatifid,
lobes obtuse, pubescent above, whitish tomentose beneath ; panicles ter-
minal, tomentose, pendulous, as long as the leaves ; flowers sub-sessile ;

drupe pubescent. Thunb.! prod. p. 52. fl. cap. p. 267. DC. lc. p, ‘ae

EB. § Z.! n, t112. ae
Has, Sand es, Paardeberg, Saldanhabay and St. Helenabay, Thunb.! Brack-
fontein, Z. wey Totwen Paarlberg and Paardeberg, Drege, 6793. Jul.Sept.

Herb. Thunb., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.) :
: Shrub, 1-2 feet high, with rigid branches and horizontal, very short branchlets.

ioles puberul hat Hat above, 4—6 lines long. Leaflets obtuse, mucro-
nulate or manga, with pressed nerves above, ribbed below, the terminal one
very cuneate, 6-10 lines long, 4-6 lines wide. Panicle 1-1} inche, the upper
flowers spicate. Ripe fruit unknown.

10. R. dissecta (Thunb.! fl. cap. 267); branches glabrous ; leaves pe-
tiolate ; leaflets sessile, sharply cut, pinnatifid, with revolute margins,
glabrous above, whitish-tomentose beneath ; panicles terminal, smooth ;
peduncles divaricate, capillary; drupe oblique, smooth, or somewhat
muricate. : ee

Var. a. : leaflets obovate or sub-orbiculate, cuneate, incised-dentate,
teeth mucronate. J. argentea, LH. & Z.!n. 1127. RK. dissecta, E. Mey. ?
e. in Hb. Drege.

Var. f.; leaflets pinnatifid, lobes lanceolate, acute. 2. dissecta,
Thunb.! EB. & 2.1 n. 1128, EB. Meyer, a. and f.

| ins, Brackfontein, £.&@ Z./ Heerelogement, Z. n, 34,
Hag. Sides of the mountains ! Var. 8. in Zwartland, #. & Z./ Groenekloof, Bae

She } a 0
a 0 eA
Dan's a
RQ we
Ry tal ot |

Biamueibeeg. Pignetbary, “Oe Jun.-Nov. (Herb. Thunb., E. Mey., Lehm.,

PCBs BO oe deeic eiearbile RBhéen. Peticle 1-1 inch long. Leaf.

A small shrub, branches. in var. a. 6-9 lines long, the lamina 3-6 lines

itish veins above ;
wil with 3-7 very sharp txt; in var. 8. the amo sie, but a

5100 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) [ Rhus.

lobes 4-1 line wide. Panicle 1-15 inch, about 12-flowered, the ultimate pedicels
about 2 lines long. Flowers greenish-yellow, about 1 line long. Drupe somewhat
compressed, brownish, shining, 3—4 lines wide, 2—3 lines long.

11. R. magalismontana (Sond.) ; branchlets, leaves, and panicles yel-
lowish-tomentose ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile, obovate-oblong or
oblong, obtuse, mucronulate, wedge-shaped, reticulated and sub-gla-
brous above; panicles many-flowered, terminal, a little longer than the e 4
leaves, |

Has. Crocodileriver near Magali Zey.! n. 341. Dec. (Herb. Sond. ‘

The whole plant is covered wna Goldaa Gouin. Abanevis pace striate,
branchlets angulate. Petiole 6-9 lines long, furrowed above. Leaflets with a pro:
minent middle nerve on both sides ; terminal 14-2 inches long, 6-9 lines wide, the
lateral ones smaller. Panicle compound ; branches somewhat patent, the ultimate —
pedicels very short. Flowers imperfect in our specimens.

B, Leaves and panicles villous or "gars rarely the leaflets sub-glabrous.
e ' (Sp. 12-18. <

12. R. parvifolia (Harv. in Hb., T.C.D.); villous, branchlets short 5
leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile, obovate or elliptic, wedge-shaped, Ff
dentate at the point, teeth mucronulate ; panicles axillary, and ter
short, of the length of the leaves or a little longer; calyx villous. £.
mollis, EH. Meyer, non H. B. Kth.

_ Hap. Buffelrivier, 1-2000 f. Drege! Near Port Natal, 3-4000 f. Dr. Sutherland.
Jan. (Herb. E. Mey., T.C.D., Sond.) _
A small shrub. ening branches 1-2 inches, the sterile ones longer and more
yellowish. Petioles in the sterile branches 4-1 inch long, with leaves of the same
_ length, and 6-10 lines wide ; petioles in the flowering branches 2-3 lines long, with
’ greenish leaves 3-5 lines long, 3-4 lines wide. Panicles pauciflowered, about 4 inch
long ; pedicels capillary, 4-1 line long. Petals white, twice as long as the calyx. -

_ 18. R. villosa (L. fil. suppl. 183); leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile, 4
obovate, obtuse, mucronulate, quite entire, with revolute margins, hairy or a
villous on both surfaces, as well as the petioles and branchlets ; racemes =
axillary, much shorter than the leaves, the terminal paniculated, some-
what longer ; drupe orbicular, compressed, glabrous. Zhewnb./ prod. pe
52. fl. cap. p. 265. DC. 1.c. p. 70. Herb. Un. itin. n. 687,688. HG Z!

: n. 1098. £. atomaria, Jacg. hort. Schonbr. t. 343. E. § Z.! 1099. :

Ray | _ Var. 8. glabrata; leaves sub-glabrous or glabrous. R. pubescens,

é Nw 164

_ Thunb. prod. p. 52. Fl. cap. p. 264. R. pubescens, 8, subglabra, E. & Z.!

Le cnoatetaete SAamE |
E AB. Cape flats, mountains near Capetown and Grootvadersbosch, Thunb, EB. & Z.!
ityn, Zey, 347. Somerset, Mrs. F. W. Barber. Paarlberg, Drege/ Var. B.
| Recief, near Port Elizabeth, Zey.! n. 2236. Krakakamma, E.d Z./ Aug.-Jan.
‘Thunb., Sond., T.C.D., ete.)
or tree. Petioles }—1 inch, furrowed above. Leaflets prominent-veined on
inch lo inch wide, or 1 inch long, 6-7 lines wide. Panicles com-
ly longer ; the ultimate pedicels 3-1 line long. Flowers mi-

Rhus.] TEREBINTACE® (Sond.) ee S14

cuneate, tapering base, with revolute margins, pubescent on both sides or
sub-glabrous, prominently veined below; panicles axillary and terminal,
Hliform, elongated, lax, villous, the female ones shorter ; drupe globose,
glabrous. £. villosa, c. H. Mey. in Hb. Drege.

Har. Zwartkopsrivier, £. ¢ Z./ Boshmansriviershoogde, Zey.! 2237. Draaken-
Steenberg, 1-2000, Drege. Port Natal, Gueinzius, Sanderson. March. April, (Herb,
Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

Branches filiform. Petioles furrowed, 4—6 lines long. Leaflets pubescent or vil-
lous, often glabrous above, and sparsely hairy and paler beneath, the terminal one
3-1 inch long, 6 lines wide. Panicles slender, lateral ones 1-2 inches, terminal ay
inches long, pedicels very short. Flowers white, minute. Distinguished from R.
5a\osa by the much smaller, emarginate, not reticulated leaves, and the long, slender

yuicle ; from R. obovata by the smaller not tomentose leaves, smaller flowers and

_ ,7labrous fruit ; from 2. crenata, by the four times longer petioles.

15. R. pyreides (Burch. Trav. I p. 340) ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets
sessile or very*short-petiolate, sub-equal, obovate-oblony, obtuse or sub-
acute, quite entire, as well as the branchlets, covered with close-pressed
pubescence ; racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves, terminal oneg
longer, disposed in an elongated, ample, leafless, pubescent panicle ; drupe
sub-globose, glabrous. DC. 1. ¢. p. 70. R&. villosa, fol. 8. Thunb. herbar.
: R. pubescens, L. § ZI n, t100, non Thunb. Zey. n. 344. Drege! 6800.
; Var. 8 glabrata; branches and leaves sub-glabrous or glabrous,
“-*. panicles pubescent. 2. pyroides, L. Meyer.
‘< Has. Asbestos mountains, Burchell ; in the districts of Caledon, Worcester,“ /},\° ie
Cheniage, ‘Athans rie Caffraria, and near Port Natal, 2. g Z./ Drege, Col. Bolton, ch eB
Sanderson, Williamson, Guienzius. Dec.—Feb. (Herb. Thunb., T.C.D., Sond, &c.) On /,
_ A shrub, 6-10 feet high; branches sometimes spinous. Petiole $-1 inch, fur.
rowed above. Leaflets sessile, or the terminal one shortly petiolate, ovate, ovate-
oblong, or obovate-cuneate, obtuse, acute, or somewhat acuminate, prominent-veined
on both surfaces, about 2 inches long, 1 inch wide. Terminal panicle sometimes 6
inches long or longer, arse i, Pasa ey Sse gues flowers -— , <
i , white, drupe ipe) the size of a peppercorn. pecimnens some
the loallota pape pee ares B. subdentata, E. Meyer. Distinguished from
R. villosa by the elon ed, ample tile and minute flowers, but only a
a Be . es
a 16. R. tridentata (Sond.) ; branches, petioles, and leaves covered
2 with close-pressed. pubescence ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile, or the
‘terminal one shortly petiolate, oblong, with revolute margins, the termi-
nal one cuneate at the dilated point, 3—-lobed, the medial lobe larger, = 4
acute, the lateral ones obtuse, mucronulate ; panicles terminal, elongated, y
leafless, pubescent. a Spain 4
“2 tee, Pi Gueinzius. (1 . Son tM illo
ib Fe ereding, Wat ditees by the. eate, 3-lobed or 3-dentate, termi-
nal leaflet. Petiole 6-9 lines long. Lateral leaflets 13-2 inches long, 6-7 lines
wide, terminal 2}-3 inches long, at the top 1 inch wide. Panicle as large as in the ~ toe
preceding ; flowers very minute. : s

ee
ee

Pomitiptic tanovolat, mmucronulate, narrowed at base, quite entire, with =
revolute margins, veined 0 ae
shorter; drupe globose, glabrous.

512 TEREBINTACES (Sond.) [ Rhus.

Var. 8. fastigiata ; branches very numerous, fastigiate ; leaflets small,
cuneate, oblong, mucronate or acute, elevated-veined on both surfaces ;
panicles numerous, few-flowered, 2. fastigiata, E. § Zn. 1109. R

angustifolia d. E. Mey.; and with glabrous leaves, R. excisa, Thunb. !

herb. fol. a. R. humilis, E. & Z.! n. 1108.

- Has. Mountains in Hassagaybosch, Albany, and Schiloh near Klipplaatrivier,
E. § Z.! Drege! 6808. Grahamstown and Cradock, near Tarkarivier, Zey./ Terebinth.
n. 2. and No, 2239. Orangerivier, Burke, Zey./ n. 343. Port Natal, Miss Owen.
Var. 8. Krakakamma and Hassagaybosch, 2. ¢ Z./ Zey./ n. 2238. Omsamwubo,
Drege. Nov.-Dec. (Herb. T.C.D., Hook., Lehm., Sond.) ; te

A shrub, 6-8 feet high; branches sometimes spinous, branchlets often arom
Petioles furrowed above, }—1 inch long. Leaves sessile or the terminal one sho:

petiolate ; leaflets puberulous, or sub-glabrous above, paler beneath, 13-2 inches lorthé,
6-8 lines wide ; in var. 8. 9-12 lines long, 2-4 lines wide, the lateral ones smallée —

and more oblong. Axillary panicles twice shorter, terminal a little longer than the
leaves. Flowers minute, white. Drupe sub-compressed, the size ~f.a peppercorn.
Distinguished from the preceding by the smaller leaflets and shortc. panicles.

18. R. sinuata (Thunb.! Prod. p. 52); branchlets pubescent. or vil-
lous ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile, obovate or ovate, obtuse, gla-
brous, sinuated above, villous beneath, the terminal ones large, tapering
at base ; racemes axillary, spicate, equalling leaves, terminal ones pant-

_ enlated, small, pubescent. Willd. spec. t. 2. p. 1482. Myrica trifoltata,

LD. syst. veg. 14. p. 8841

Has. Cape of Good Hope, Thunb. (Herb., Thunb.)
Pe: Habit f R. refracta. Branches horizontal. Petiole filiform, 4-6 lines long. Ter-
minal leaflet about an inch long, 5~6 lines wide, sinuate-dentate, teeth obtuse, lateral
ai > ee as ‘ : mostly “2
Flowers white, } line long. Drupe lentiform, of the size of a peppercorn.—Of
plant, I only know the specimen in Herb. Thunberg. R. Thunbergiana, E. & Z.! n.

1110, is very similar, but the leaflets are deeply incised and acute ; flowers and fruits
are wanting.

2 or 3-glomerate ; terminal racemes branched, 2-3 inches og
8

_C. Leaves and panicles quite smooth ; or the panicles somewhat hairy. (Sp. 19-44)
a. Petioles terete, furrowed above, but not winged. (Sp. 19-33-)

19. R. cuneifolia (Thunb.! Prod. p. 52); branches puberulous ; leaves
sessile ; leaflets sessile, wedge-shaped, with 3-7 teeth at the apex,
smooth, with prominent veins, and green on both surfaces ; panicles
_ axillary and terminal, the female as long as the leaves, t. _ male longer ;
drupe oblique, ovate, glabrous, beaked with the styles. Fl cap. p. 267.
§Z.1n.1131. DC. lc. p. 71.

Haz. Hottentottsholland, Thunb., Grietjesgat and Steenbrassenrivier, Lange
de and Boutjeskraal, #. & Z./ Sacer atic. Thunb., stag Hook., Sond.)
shrub, with terete, purplish, somewhat patent branches. Leaflets rigid,
ng ribbed, cuneate ; teeth mostly acute, about one inch long, 4 inch

small, 1-3 inches . Flowers minute, of the length of the pedi-
ig, nearly ities beta: : ee ” is

; nun. ! fl cap. p. 206); branchlets striate, rufous-
}; leaflets sessile, obovate, spec
‘ous on both surfaces, but rufous

twice or three times shorter. Axillary racemes an inch long, flowers on short

—
‘elke Sine al

Rhus.] TEREBINTACE (Sond.) ee

Sond Algoabay, Cape Recief, F. ¢ Z./ Oct.Jul. (Herb., Thunb., Lehm., T.C.D,
nd.

_A much branched shrub, 2 feet high, with terete, shortly villous or tomentose
branches, Petiole mostly 1 line, rarely 2-3 lines long. Leaflets green, somewhat
aaaeg above, thinly veined beneath, ay trifid, rarely with 5 or 7 obtuse

eeth at the top, with revolute margins, 6-9 lines long, 4 lines wide. Axillary pani-
cles $ inch, the terminal ones, 1-1} inch long. Flowers very minute, very shortly
pedicellate, in the branchlets sub-crowded. Drupe brown-purplish, shining, size of a
small pea. a

21. R. dentata (Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 266); branches glabrous ; leaves
petiolate ; leaflets sessile, obovate, coarsely inciso-dentate, cuneate at
base and quite entire, glabrous on both sides ; axillary racemes short,

terminal ones longer, paniculated ; drupe globose, glabrous. R. micran-

tha, Thunb.! lc. E.§ Z.! n. 1126. RB. grandidentata, DC. I. c. p. 72. R.

dentata and cuneifolia, E. Meyer.

Var. 8. puberula ; branchlets, petioles, and panicles puberulous
leaves glabrous or ciliate. 2. crenata, Thunb. ? Drege, Herb.

Has. In woods, Vanstadensriviersberg, Uitenh. Zwartehoogdens at Salatkraal,
Albany, Chumiberg, Caffr. Schilo, Tambukiland, £.4Z.! Hassagaybosch, Zey.
, 2231. Witbergen, 4-5000; inter Windvogelberg and Zwartkey, Drege. Var. B.
in Zuurebergen, Drege. Oct.Jan. ~(Herb. Thunb., Lehm., T.C.D,, Sond.) :

An erect shrub, with scabrous branches and short, rigid, or elongated, often uni-
lateral branchlets. Petioles 6-9 lines long, or shorter. Leaflets sessile or a little
petiolulate, of the same colour on both sides, or paler beneath, with prominent veins,
the margins pale, whitish, teeth 3-7, mucronate ; terminal leaflet very cuneate, in
some specimens 1-1} inch long, 8-10 lines wide, in others 5-6 lines long, 3-4 wide
(var. parvifolia, E. & Z. !) ; lateral leaflets smaller, ovate or obovate. . racemes
about } inch, the terminal ones 1-2 inch, more compound, with patent lower
branches ; pedicels capillary. Flowers small. Drupe shining, the size of a small pea.

: hes punctate-sca-

22. R. mucronata (Thunb. ! fl. cap. p. 264) ; brane ctate-sea
brous ; branchlets, hen and leaves quite glabrous ; leaves petiolate ;
leaflets sessile, obovate-cuneiform, obtuse, mucronate, or sub-acute, sub-
coriaceous, reticulate, paler or livid beneath, quite entire, with revolute
margins; axillary panicles shorter than the leaves, terminal panicles
longer and pyramidal ; drupe globose, glabrous.
Vv. . Burmanni; leaflets obovate, obtuse, mucronate ; panicles
site tise Burm. Afr. t. 91. f. 2. _R. mucronata, Herb. Thunb. fol.
= R. Burmanni, DC.1. ¢. p. 69. Herb. Un. itin. n. 683. R. Burmanni et

pendulina, BE. § Z.1n. 1101.1102. BR. Eckloniana, sage wr pilipes, |

Presi. ic. RB. lucidum a, Ait. Hort. Kew, ed. 2. p. 166. ex

. Jacquini ; leaflets obovate, shortly acuminate, acute or mn-
pa : st ‘glabrous or a little hairy. A. mucronata, Herb.
Thunb. fol. 8. LR. elongata, Jacquin, Hort. Schoenb. t. 345. ,

x tains, and Leeuwenberg ; Krakakamma, Cape
Has. Bides of the mens oeberg, Dr. Pappe ; tna a Drege, 6798 ;

Recief, E. & Z./ Zey. n. 2236 ; Koel ee Wat a ak Hor hae ae

; Magalis
Panrlberg, Dra oie Hook, T.C-D. Sond.)
greyish or

Thunb., aC0-» purple ; branchlets short or virgate. Petiole

Oak haabas gabe vid beneath, the sérainal one 1-1} inch long, f lines
rec ely 2 inches long, 1 inch wide ; larger and more cuneate than t
wide, Tfcrainel panicle 2-4 inches long, Py glabrous ; pedicels ca

ciumais PP es. Flowers minute, wi iti Drupe the size of a

514 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) [ Rhus.

23. R. Burkeana (Sond.) ; branches terete, striate, thinly pubescent ;
leaves petiolate ; leafiets sessile, oblong, mucronate, cuneate at base, gla-
brous, quite entire, flat, reticulated on both sides, paler beneath ; axil-
lary panicles small, shorter than the leaves, the terminal one longer,
glabrous.

Has. Aapgesrivier, among rocks, Burke, Zeyh. n. 335. Oct. (Herb. Hook., Sond.)

Apparently a small shrub, with erect, purple branches. Petioles puberulous,
terete, striate below, furrowed above, 3 inch long. Leaflets sub-coriaceous, pale,
with prominent veins, 14-2 inches long, 4-6 lines wide. Terminal panicle com-
pound, 14~2 inch, pyramidal. Flowers minute, glabrous.—Fruit I have not seen.

24. R. Zeyheri (Sond.); quite glabrous, sub-glaucous ; branches te-
rete ; branchlets striate-angulate ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile,
broadly obovate or elliptic-orbiculate, shortly cuspidate, acute, cuneate at
base, margin penni-nerved on both surfaces; racemes glabrous, the ter-
minal one longer, paniculated ; drupe globose, glabrous. .

Has, Among shrubs at Magalisberg, Zeyh. n. 345. Nov. (Herb., Sond.) —

Branches sub-papillose ; branchlets purple, quite smooth. Petiole terete, a little
furrowed above, 4-1 inch long. Leaflets sub-coriaceous, about 14 inch long, an inch
wide, penni-nerved but not reticulate, the lateral ones elliptic, acute at both ends.
A racemes pedunculate, 1-2 inches long, 8-12-flowered, pedicels 2 lines long ;
the terminal one as long as, or a little longer than, the leaves. Flowers unknown.
Fruit the size of a small pea.

25. R. laevigata (L. spec. p. 1672); glabrous ; leaves long-petio-
led ; leaflets sessile or shortly petiolate, ovate, acuminate, mucronate,
entire, with sub-undulate margins, paler beneath; panicles axillary and
terminal, elongated, lax ; drupe globose, glabrous. Thunb. prod. p. 52-
Fl. cap. p. 264. BE. & Z.1n. 1096. Pappe, Sylv. cap, p. 12. R. laevigata
et acuminata, E. Meyer in Herb. Drege. R. crassinervia, Presl. |. ¢.

Var. 8. dentata (E. Meyer); leaves with 2-6 acute teeth.

ninth anii t

er ae eS a ini ia i a

Rhus.) TEREBINTACEE (Sond.) 515

Somerset and in Zwartebergen, Zeyh. No. 334, and Terebinth. No. 1. Sneeuw-
bergen, Drege. Sep.-Dec. (Herb. Thunb., Vind., Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

A little tree with the habit of a Willow. Bark grey and smooth. Wood reddish-
brown, hard and very tough. Branches virgate. Petioles terete, furrowed above,
1-2 inches long. Leaflets 4-5 inches long, 4-6 lines wide or smaller, sessile or the
intermediate one shortly petiolulate. Panicles glabrous, 1~2 uncial, of the length of
the leaves or shorter ; pedicels capillary, Flowers very minute. Drupe rather dry,

size of a pea,

27. B. viminalis (Vahl. Symb. iii. p. 50) ; branches glabrous; leaves
on long petioles, leaflets sessile, Lanceolate-acuminate, mucronate, quite en-
tire, glabrous or ciliate, swb-concolorous and parallel-veined on both sur-
faces ; panicles racemose, axillary and terminal, hirsute, shorter than the
leaves ; drupe glabrous. Zhunb./ fl. cap. p. 263. BR. denudata, E. § Z.!
n. 1090 (non Lichtenstein). R. elongata, EL. § Z.1 n. 1097, not of Jacquin.

Var. 8. pendulina ; leaflets lanceolate, acute, or acuminate; panicles -
loose. &. pendulina, Jacq. ! Willd. enum. p. 324. R. pallida, E. Meyer.

Lt. pendulina, glabrior, Presi. l. c.
Has. 24—Rivers, Clanw. and in gardens, Capetown, £, & Z.! Var. 8. Giftberg, and
near the mouth of the Gariep, Drege. Nov. (Herb. Thunb., Vind., Lehm., Sond.)
Very much resembling the preceding, but differs by the lax, often pendulous
branches, the concolorous, or on the lower surface scarcely paler, and shorter leaflets,

and by the hirsute peduncles and ealyces. Leaflets 2-2} inches long, 5-7 lines wide,
attenuated to the point, acute at base; in var. 8. 2}~34 inches long, 4-6 lines wide,
obtuse, apiculate, or attenuated. Panicles 1-1} uncial, the terminal one longer,

pyramidal. Drupe unripe, sub-globose. le

28. R. Gueinzii (Sond.) ; quite glabrous ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets
sessile, Zanceolate-obtuse, mucronulate, with revolute, remotely denticulate
margins, paler beneath, parallel-veined on both sides; panicles axillary
and terminal, donger than the leaves, with slender branches and capillary

pedicels. Bip sak) :
Port N: Dr, Gueinzius. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond. pe

ree Sameiete greyish branches ; flowering branchlets short. ng Petioles
sub-terete, furrowed above, $—-1 inch long. Leaflets 2-24 inches long, 4-6 lines wide,
particularly in the upper part denticulate, a few narrowed at base, the lateral ones
mostly half as long. Lateral panicles about 3 inches long, ultimate pedicels } line
long. Flowers very minute.—Differs from 2. viminalis and lancea by the obtuse,
denticulate leaves and longer panicles.

29. R. Natalensis (Bernh. ! in Krauss. Beitr. p. 46); quite glabrous ;
leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile, oval, obtuse, emarginate, crenate-ser-
rate, cuneate at base, penninerved, paler beneath; racemes axillary,

sub-paniculate, shorter than the leaves ; drupe sub-globose,_

a ang Cissus Natalensis, Bernh. in Sched. pl. Krauss.
Aug. (Herb.

glabrous. lee -
Has. Woods near Port Natal, Krauss, Gueinzius, Williamson.

T.C.D., Sond.)
Bran i unctate, scabrous. Leaves 14-2 inches long, 9-52 lines

princes rete Teactewed above, 4-1 Such, Racetoes 4-14 uncial, sitaple or

at the top paniculated ; pedicels capillary, 1-14 lines long. Flowers minute, white.

Calyx and petals obtuse. Drupe yellowish-brown, of the size of a small pea, .
80. R. Eckloniana (Sond.); quite glabrous ; pe ; leaflets _

— oblong or arsed POG: EMT cuneate at base, quite

entire, awhitish-marginated, carinate above, paler peneatii ——

516 TEREBINTACEE (Sond.) [ Rhus.

cemes sub-paniculate, of the length of the leaves or shorter, terminal
panicle somewhat longer ; drupe globose, glabrous. A. angustifolia? a.
_ Thund.! Herb. BR. tridactyla, E. & Z.! n. 1095, non Burchell.

Has. Zwartkopsrivier, Zeyh. n. 2230. Hassagaybosch, Zeyh. Terebinth. n. 4.
Bothasberg, at Great Vishriver, Ecklon. Howisonspoort, H. Hutton. April. (Herb.
T.C.D., Sond.)

Branches purple. Petioles sub-terete, furrowed above, 6-8 lines long. Leaflets
nearly complicate, oblong-lanceolate, 13 inches long, 4 lines wide, or linear-oblong,
cuneate, obtuse, sub-emarginate or acute, inch long, 3 lines wide, coriaceous, penni-
nerved, paler or livid beneath, Racemes 1-2 inches long, small, panicled. Drupe
shining, yellowish, size of a pea, on a pedicel a little shorter.

31. R. tridactyla (Burch. trav. i. p. 340); branches stiff, spreading,
unarmed, leaflets smooth, quite entire, linear, very blunt, broadest towards
the apex. DC l.c.p. 71.

Has. Asbestos mountains, Burchell. (Unknown to me.)

Shrub, 4-5 feet. Flowers greenish-yellow.

$2. R. erosa (Thunb. ! fl. cap. p. 263) ; quite glabrous ; leaves long-
petioled; leaflets sessile, linear or lanceolate-linear, acute, erosely
jlat, shining ; panicles axillary, shorter than the leaves ; ; drupe globose,
glabrous. &. serracfolia, Burch. trav. i. p.100. DC. l.¢. p. 71.

Has. Klipplaatrivier, Tambukiland, F. ¢ Z./ Winterfeld, between Beaufort and

Graafreynet, Drege. Zuureberg, distr. Cradock, Zeyh. n. 346. Nov.—Dec. (Herb. ae .

Thunb., Lehm., T.C.D., Holm., Sond.)

Shrub, 5-6 feet, much branched, branches sub-flexuose, segnlable Petioles sub-
terete, furrowed above, an inch long or longer. Leaflets 3-34 inches long, 14-3
lines wide, with the middle nerve on both sides prominent, reticulate, undulate-den-
tate, teeth short, acute ; the lateral leaflets incurved, erect, somewhat shorter than
the terminal. Panicles about 2 inches long, di- or trichotomous, pedicels sub-flexu-
ose, ultimate short. Drupe yellowish, shining, size of a peppercorn.

33. R. Dregeana (Sond.) ; quite glabrous ; leaves petiolate ; leaflets
sessile, small, linear, mucronate, with incurved, entire margins, concave
above, convex beneath ; panicles terminal, pyramidal, of the length of the

leaves or longer ; pedicels pendulous ; drupe globose, glabrous. h. ee f

EL. Meyer, non Thunb.
Has. Stormberge and Sneeuwberge, 4-5000 feet, Drege. Graafreynet, Mrs. P. W.
Barber. Sep.—Dec. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)
__ Shrub, much branched, pale, with greyish Presiik and angulate branchlets.
Pedicels sub-terete, furrow above, 4-6 lines long. Leaflets uninerved, 2-3 inches
long, 1 line wide, the lateral ones shorter, somewhat spreading. Panicles in some
——_ long and — in others 2 inches long, pyramidal ; branches anid
zon‘ eat bags long. Flowers small, white. Drw :
porn shining, Giiciag ha ges 08 . Mr

a b. Petioles with narrow wings. (Sp. 34-44.)

RB. glauca (Desf! arb. 2. p. 326); glabrous ; branches short,
ngulate; leaves petiolate; jehticta sessile, obcordate, quite entire,
with glaucous powder or smooth ; panicles terminal, short ;

z: iden syn. i. p. 326. Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 265.
EB.G&! be. ¢ lisse semacdaone O57 DO. a 9-9,
cS Bee Un. itin. n, 685. Sreb. fl. cap. exs, n.
sche aie erb, Drege. Camas n. 994 4::

Rhus.] TEREBINTACE& (Sond.) | 517

_ Has. Cape flats and in mountains near Capetown : Kampsbay and Zwartk
rivier, May.Jun. (Herb. Thunb, Sond. T.c.D,&) > a Seas 4
; A shrub, with greyish branches and sub-flexuous branchlets. Petioles 3-4 lines

ong, small-winged. Leaflets thick, parallel-nerved, flat or with sub-revolute mar- h- Sch
gins, glaucous, pulverulent, or resinous, shining, or livid beneath, the terminal ”' ey

one very cuneate, 6-8 lines long, 5-6 lines wide, emarginate, with or without a

mucro, sometimes obtusely 3-dentate ; the lateral ones smaller. Panicles 1-11 inch

or longer. ; Flowers minute. Drupe reddish, shining, the size of a small or large

pea.— Specimens from the Paris bot. gardens, sent by ontaines to Prof. Schrader,
are not different from those in the herbarium of Thunberg. Z

35. R. lucida (Linn. spec. 382) ; glabrous, or branches pulverulent-
puberulous; leaves shortly petiolate ; leaflets sessile, obovate, quite
entire, very blunt, somewhat emarginate, quite smooth, glossy, without
Prominent nerves on both sides or above ; panicles axillary and terminal,
shorter or a little longer than the leaves, glabrous ; flowers hermaphro-
dite ; drupe globose, glabrous. 2. lucida, 8. Ait. hort. Kew. ed. 2. vol.
2. p. 166, _Commel. hort. 1. t. 93. Thunb.! fl. cap. p. 264. Jacq, hort.
Schoenb. t. 347. DC. Prod. 2. p. 69. H. & Z.! n. 1113. Drege, n. 6802,
6807. Zeyh. n. 2235. Herb. Un. itin. n. 684. Pappe. sylv, cap. p. 13.
Van. 8. subdentata (DC. L c.); some of the leaflets a little toothed.
Drege, n. 6791. :
Var.-y. elliptica ; leaflets elliptic, obtuse, cuneate at base, livid and
veined beneath. «
Has. On hills and mountains, amongst shrubs, in the Cape and Swellendam dis- ty wae’ Q
tricts ; Klynriviers Caledon ; Howison’s Poort, Paarlberg, Bockfontein, and b x
Onrustrivier. 8, Rondebosch. y. Downs near Onrustrivier, Zeyh. n. 2248. Aug.— anbp Del)

Nov. (Herb. Thunb., T.C.D., &c.) :
Height 4-6 feet. Wood hard and tough. Branches terete, greyish. Petioles 3-6

lines long, carinate, with small wings. Leaflets coriaceous, resinous, shining, com-
monly without nerves and veins, rarely on the under surface somewhat ribbed, ob-
with a blunt, short acumen, very unequal, in var. y. 1~1} inch

i no more than an inch long

tuse, retuse, rarel

long. taede wide, ceabisiiad inches long, inch wide,

and 6-8 lines wide. panicles or racemes shorter or of the length of
Zz 86. RB. ylla (E. & Z.! n. 1130); glabrous or branches pube-

-rulent ; leaves short-petiolate ; leaflets sessile, obovate-cuneate, emarginate,
- -mucronulate, quite entire, with revolute margins, coriaceous, shining,
- with raised veins on both sides; panicles axillary, longer than the leaves,
glabrous or puberulous flowers dtcecious ; drupe globose, glabrous,
ins near villa Grietj near Palmietrivier, 7. & Z.! Swellendam,
Mundt Mott, Holl. Zey.t n igs «er Ea (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)
Very similar to the preceding, differs by the more coriaceous ribbed leaflets,
longer panicles, and very minute, dicecious flowers. Petioles 3-6 lines long, with
ings. Leaflets 1 inch long, 6 lines wide, or 14-2 inches long, 9-12 lines
wide, very obtuse or truncate-retuse, with a very short mucro; the lateral] ones |
erect, smaller, unequal at base. Panicles 2 inches or longer, upper branches 7
2~4 lines long, the lower ones longer; pedicels capillary. Fruit as in 2. lucida. ome
- $7. RB. Africana (Mill. dict. n. 11.); branchlets thinly pubescent ;
leaves short-petiolate ; leaflets sessile, ovate, sub-acute or emarginate,
shortly mucronate, cuneate at base, coriaceous, with prominent veins,
downy or glabrous, shining, with revolute margins, quite entire or with

518 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) [ Rhus.

3-7 short teeth; panicles axillary, puberulous, shorter than the leaves;

flowers dicecious; drupe ovate-oblique, glabrous, beaked by the per-

sistent styles. DC. l. ¢. p. 73.

~ Var. 8. macrophylla ; leaflets 2-24 inches long, 1-1} inch wide,

very large, ovate or obovate, cuneate, acute or obtuse, mucronate, entire

or sub-dentate, downy or glabrous. R, mucronata, LH. & Z./ n, 1129.
Has. Witsenberg, Ecklon/ Var. 8. Brackfontein and Tulbaghsberge, 2. & Z./

Heerelogement, Zeyher! Between Honigvalei and Blauwberg, Drege! n. 6806.
Dec. (Herb. Sond.)

A low, much-branched shrub. Petioles small-winged, 2-3 lines long. Leaflets
4-1 inch long, 4-7 lines wide, more or less acute, in some specimens quite entire, in
others in the upper parts toothed ; lateral leaves shorter, sub-horizontal. Flowers
minute. Drupe yellowish, the size of a pea.

38. R. scoparia (E. & Z.! n. 1122); branches, petioles, and panicles
downy; leaves very short-stalked; leaflets sessile, cuneate-obovate,
emarginate, with revolute margins, penninerved beneath, glabrous;
panicles axillary and terminal, longer than the leaves; drupe glabrous.

Has. Woods in Olifantshoek, near Bosjesmansrivier, Vitenh. #. § Z./ | Nieuwe-
veldsberge, Drege! n. 6803. Oct. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.)

Very similar to R. lucida, but differs by the short-stalked or sub-sessile leaves, the
smaller (about 1 inch long, 6 lines wide) leaflets and longer pubescent panicles. Pa-
nicles many and minutely-flowered, twice or three times longer than the leaves. In

the specimens of Drege the leaflets are more coriaceous and smaller (6-8 lines long,
4-5 lines wide) than in those of E. & Z.

39. R. undulata (Jacq.! hort. Schcenb. t. 346); glabrous; branchlets
angulate ; leaves longish-stalked ; leaflets sessile, obovate, tapering to the
base, acute, obtuse, or emarginate, mucronulate, with wndulate-denticu-
late margins, or incised, 5—7 dentate, glossy above, parallel-veined on
both surfaces; panicles axillary and terminal, equalling the leaves or
longer ; drupe globose, glabrous. 2. aglaophylla, HE. d& Z.!n. 1117. BR.
spathulata, E.§ Z.! n. 1119. &. micrantha, HE. & Z./n. 1124. © BR. ex-

cisa, E. Mey.! BE. & Z.! n. 1125. non Thunb, Sieber, flor. cap. exs. 2. 154+

R. nervosa, Poir? Ene. suppl. V. p. 264.

| vunb.! fl. cap. p 264); glabrous ; branchlets angulate
ite ; leaflets sessile, ewneate-oblong or obovate-
, flat, quite entire, ribbed on both

oll

Rhus.] TEREBINTACEA (Sond.) ‘519

Var. «. Thunbergiana ; leaflets oblong, cuneate, mostly obtuse, mu-
cronulate. Rh. excisa, Thunb.! herbar. fol. B. RB. nervosa, #. & Z.! x.
1115. non Por. Zey.! n. 2242, et Tered. Now 4. -

Var. 8. pallens ; leaflets obovate-oblong, acute, or obtuse, mucronu-
late, paler beneath. 2. pallens, B. & Z.!-n. 1114. RB. mucronata, E.

Meyer.
Var. y. emarginata; leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse, emarginate,

mucronulate, £&. plicefolia, B.§ Z./n. 1118. Zn. 2243.

Has. Var. a. in the districts Uitenhage and Albany, Z.d:Z./ Nieuwe Hantam,
Drege! 6804. b. non a. and 6809, ex pie. Var. 8. between Coega and Zondagsrivier,
Zwartkopsrivier and Langevalei. Var. ¥. Zwartkopsrivier, Bethelsdorp, and Son-
dagsrivier. Aprl.Jul. (Herb. Thunb., Hook., T.C.D., Lehm., Sond.)

_ Shrub grey or brown, erect, with rigid branches. Petioles winged, particularly

in the upper part. Leaflets of var. a, 8-10 lines long, 3-4 lines wide ; in var 8. 14

inch long, 6 lines wide; in var. y. 1-14 inch long, 5-6 lines wide; lateral leaflets

smaller, somewhat patent, oblong. Panicles terminal, rarely axillary, many-flowered,

the male ones longer. Flowers minute. Drupe white, shining, somewhat com-

pressed, the size of a small pea. Differs from the preceding by the 3 times smaller,
not undulate or incised-toothed leaflets.

~~ Ql. RB albomarginata (Sond.); quite glabrous; branchlets angulate-
compressed ; leaves petiolate; leaflets obovate-oblong or oblong, plaited,

mucronate, sub-cuneate at base, veined on both sides, coriaceous, white-

margined; panicles axillary, as long as the leaves.
Has, Slaaykraal, Burke. Kowie River, Zeyher. Nov. (Herb. Hook., Sond.)
Very similar to the preceding ; differs in the thicker, coriaceous leaflets, usually
three times larger, and always with a smooth, white, revolute margin, and particu-
larly by the s1 axillary, very rarely terminal panicles. Petioles winged, t inch
long or shorter, 14 line wide. Intermediate leaflets 2-3 inches long, about an inch
wide, others 1-14 uncial. Flowers minute. Fruit wanting.

42. R. ciliata (Lichtenstein in herb, Willd.!); branchlets puberu-
lous, spinescent; leaves petiolate ; leaflets sessile, dinear-lanceolate, flat,
quite entire, as well as the petioles, ciate, puberulous beneath; pani-
cles terminal, puberulous; drape glabrous. Lt, & Sch. / syst. veg. VI. p.
661, DC. le. p. 7t.

‘Has. Grooterivierspoort, Licht./ Rhinosterkop, near Vaalriver, Burke, 275. Zey./
337. Orangeriver, Zey./ 339. Nieuwe Hantam, Drege/ 6804. ¢. Dec.—Feb. (Herb.
Hook., T.C.D., Sond.) ;

Habit of Celastrus linearis. Branches patent, scabro-punctate, branches nearly
horizontal. Leaflets 1 inch long, 1}-3 lines wide, shortly acute, uninerved with in-
conspicuous veins, shining, the lateral ones smaller ; petiole 4-6 lines long, small-
winged. Flowers minute, sometimes dicecious, racemose-panicled or the lower ra-
cemes simple; pedicels patent, 1 line long; the upper racemes disposed in a com-
pound panicle. Fruit unripe, sub-globose. 7

43. R. celastroides (Sond.); quite glabrous; branchlets spinescent,
as well as the stalked leaves, resinous, shining; leaflets danceolate, sub-
carinate, undulate, with a short, recurved or twisted acumen, cuneate at

base; panicles terminal, glabrous. ree 2 2
Has. On Kammas, Betchuanaland, Zey./ 333. Mar. (Herb. Sond.)
Habit of the: cates differing by the shining, undulate, shorter leaflets, Seni

sometimes fasciculate ; some of them 1 or 2 foliolate, sessile, the others stalked, per-
fect, 3-foliolate. Int ate leaflet about 6 lines long, 14 line wide, with quite

> anti ‘margins, uninerved, few-veined beneath ; lateral leaflets similar

520 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) [ Rhus.

but smaller. Petioles 4-6 lines long, carinate, subulate. Panicle uncial, with pa-
tent branches. Flowers very minute.

44. RB. rigida (Mill. dict. n. 14); quite glabrous; branches sulcate ;
leaves petiolate; leaflets sessile, cwneate-lanceolate, or linear-lanceolate,
shortly acuminate, stiff, entire, or with 1-2 short, acute teeth at the
apex, coriaceous, uninerved, concoloured on both surfaces; racemes —
axillary or sub-terminal, simple or panicled, glabrous, twice or three
times shorter than the leaves ; drupe ovate, glabrous, beaked with the per-
sistent styles. DC.l.c.p. 71. &. rimosa, HE. & Z.! n. 1134. RB. trr-
ceps, H. Meyer.

Var. #2. florida; racemes panicled, as long as the leaves or longer.

Has, Mountains near Heerelogement, 2. & Z./ Vierentwintigriviers, Zeyher.
Olifantsrivier, Drege/ 1967. Var. 8. Giftberg, Drege! 6797. Nov.-Dec. (Herb.
Lehm., Hook., Sond.)

An erect, rigid shrub, branches grayish, branchlets purple, resinous. Leaflets
somewhat glaucous, acute, mostly recurved, apiculate, 14-2 inches long, 3-4 lines
wide, the lateral ones similar, but smaller. Petioles small-winged, 4-6 lines long.
Racemes 6-8 lines long, few-fiowered, rarely branched at base. Flowers minute. —
Drupe about 3 lines long. Panicles in var. 8. 14-2 inches long. Flowers as in var.
a. Fruits are wanting. :

D. Young branches, ‘Teaves and panicles covered with red glands. (Sp. 45-46.)

45. BR. horrida (E. & Z.! n. 1135); the patent, spinescent branches
and petioles, leaves, and flowers covered with minute, red glands; —
leaves petiolate, fasciculate, palmately 3-foliolate, petioles dilatate, leaf-
lets sessile, linear-cuneate, obtuse, quite entire, thickish, sub-glaucous ;
racemes axillary, 3-6—flowered, shorter than the leaves; drupe oblique,
oval, sub-compressed, glabrous. 2. platypoda, E. Meyer.

Has. Mountains ; Kamiesberge and in Namaqualand, &. ¢ Z./ Drege! Sandy

places, Kamos and at.Springbokkeel, Bushmanland, Zey./ n. 348. Flor. Nov.—Dec.
Fruct. Mar. (Herb. Lehm., Sond.) Fi ee
Shrub much branched, branches and branchlets terete, rigid, spinous. Petioles
2~4 lines long, broader at top ; younger leaves red coloured, old ones sub-glabrous ;
leaflets 3-4 lines long, obtuse, rarely emarginate at top, 1 line broad. Peduncles
racemose, shorter than the petiole, as well as the calyx, ferruginous. Petals white,
} line long. Drupe transversely broader, 1} line long, 2 lines broad, beaked with
the very short styles. :

46. R. longispina (E. & Z.! n. 116); branches spinescent ; spines —
horizontal, bearing leaves and eet leaves sively fasciculate, pal-
_ mately 3-foliolate, petiolate; petioles broadly-winged ; younger leaflets
_ as well as the panicles covered with minute, red glands, the older ones

_ glabrous or punctate beneath, shining above, veined on both surfaces,
cuneate-obovate, obtuse or sub-emarginate, entire, the lateral ones oblong,

equal at base; racemes panicled, solitary or fasciculate, as long as the
or shorter; drupe oblique, globose, mucronate, sub-compressed,
R. pterota, Presl.l.c. pet.
rivier and near Ado, Fort Beaufort near Katrivier, E. & Z.! Zey.!
4ey.! w. 2245. Swellendam, Mundi.! July. (Herb, Lehm.,

Rhus.] TEREBINTACES (Sond.) 521

2~2} inches long, 10-12 lines wide; the lateral ones smaller. Racemes 1— i

ultimate pedicels 4-1 line long. Petals 3 times longer than the calyx ; A bogres
size of a small pea, broader than long. 2. longispina, Presl, is R. undulata, J acq
aglaophylla, E. & Z.! confounded by E. § Z. in several collections. OSS

II. Leaves simple, penninerved. Pita =o gen. Anaphrenium, E. Meyer.
Pp. 47-53.

47. R. Thunbergii (Hook. Icon. t. §95); leaves simpl -
ternate, sbovteeligt, or ete retuse, es. ahs
nerved, pulverulent-glaucous -beneath or on both sides; panicles termi-
nal; pedicels, sepals, and petals outwardly pubescent ; stamens 5-10;
drupe very large, oblique, depressed-globose. Roemeria argentea, Thunb. 1
Jt. cap. p. 194. excl. syn. Burm. B. § 2.1. 1087. Pappe. Sylv. cap. p.
12, Stderoxylon argentewum, Thunb. prod. p. 36. Bumelia? argentea,
R. & Sch. syst. veg. IV. p. 499. excl, syn. Burm. Anaphrenium argenteum,
LE. Meyer. R. argyrophylla, Presl, Bot. Bem. p. 42.

as, Rocky situations in the districts of Stellenbosch, Worcester, and Clan-

Kliphout or Klipesse of the colonists. Tree 12-15 feet high ; diameter :

william. Feb. b. Thunb., T.C.D., Sond., &c.) Se
or Kilipecee of the 3 to 4 feet, Ouidah ell Pa

Bark rough, craggy. Wood resinous, hard. Leaves 1}—2 inches or longer,
maphrodite flowers in panicles, the female ones in racemes. Flowers small, white.

_ Fruit almost dry, rugulose, 1-celled, 1~seeded, }-1 inch broad.

48. R. dispar (Presl. 1. ¢.); leaves simple, stalked, alternate, obovate-
- elliptic or ovate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, coriaceous, penninerved, gla-
-_brous and reticulate above, whitish-tomentose with reddish veins beneath ;
vanicles terminal ; branches dévaricate; pedicels and calyces thinly pu-
{non drupe sub-fleshy, reniform, compressed, Anaphrenium dispar,
~ E. Meyer in herb. Drege.

Has. Modderfontein, 1,500-2,000 f. Camiesberge, at Kasparskloof, Ellebogfon-
tein and Geelbekskraal, 3-4000 f., Drege/ On rocks at Lislap and Kammapus,

| Zey.t m 329. May.—Aug. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.
- Branches rugose, grayish, alternate or opposite. Leaves 1}-2 inches long. Very
like the preceding, but differs by the reticulated leaves, glabrous above, the shorter
‘panicle with divaricate branches, the pentamerous flowers ; and essentially by
ya er, compressed, reniform, sub-fleshy fruit, about 5-6 lines broad, 3-4 ad

49. R. concolor (Presl. 1. ¢.); leaves simple, stalked, alternate, obo-
* yate-elliptic or obovate-obtuse, emarginate, coriaceous, quite glabrous,
reticulate above, paler and veined beneath ; panicles terminal, abbreviate ;
branches erecto-patent, as well as the calyx puberulous ; petals outwardly
pubescent, 4 times longer than the obtuse, ciliolate calyx. Anaphrenium
concolor, E. Meyer.
Has. Between Natvoet and Gariep, 1000-1500, Drege. Sept. (Herb, Lehm.,
pe code cig ne ran —. as in ae ooeiin. PF canted 1}-2 = tuk
; 6 ; es 2—3 lines . owers 5 .
somewhat sttenuste ‘Siete oer than the celal Ovarium Ccneales, eel

lines long.
pig g -¢ 7 branches terete. See Lone Se preceiiing by ts Maes

a, Oe glabrous, the more compact (1-1} uncial) panicle, with larger

5 50. R. mucronifolia(Sond.); leaves simple, stalked, alter - a
clone or oblong-obtuse, mucronate, with recurved ma hee Pe ved

522 | TEREBINTACEE (Sond.) [ Rhus.

and shining above, silky-tomentose and penninerved beneath ; axillary
panicles shorter than the leaves, terminal ones longer, compound, many-
flowered, canescent ; pedicels, calyx, and petals silky; drupe sub-
fleshy, reniform. Anaphrenium s. Heeria mucronifolia, Bernh. / in Krauss.
Beytr. &. salicifolia, Presl. 1. ¢.

Has. Vishriviersberg, near Katrivier, Zeyher. Keiskamma and Boffelrivier,
Drege! 3582. Dec.—Jan. (Herb. Lehm., T.C.D., Sond.)

Branches rugose. Branchlets as well as the (2-3 lines long) petioles thinly pubes-
. eent. Leaves 24-3 inches long, 8-12 lines wide, in the upper branches smaller
(1-11 inches long, 4-6 lines wide), obtuse on both ends; middle nerve in the upper
surface impressed, the mucro 1 line long. Terminal panicle about 3-uncial. Petals
oblong, thrice longer than the obtuse calyx. Drupe somewhat smaller than in the
preceding, rugose, shining.

51. R. salicina (Sond.); leaves simple, stalked, ternate, oblong-lanceo-
late or lanceolate, acute or sub-obtuse, mucronate, flat, margined, ad-
pressed-pubescent above, silky-tomentose beneath, penninerved on both
sides, lateral nerves prominent; panicles terminal, canescent, shorter
than the leaves ; drupe sub-globose, sub-fieshy. jhe

Has. Magalisberg, Burke and Zeyher, n. 330 a. May. (Herb. Hook., Sond.)

Perhaps a vaciuy of the pieshdingy but alters by the aS: Tanrbsobite, flat leaves,

not glabrous on the upper surface, and the more glossy tomentum. Panicles and
fruits are not different. Flowers are wanting.

52. R. paniculosa (Sond.) ; leaves simple, stalked, alternate, oblong-
lanceolate or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, mucronate, margined, undulate-
crenate, glabrous above save on the pubescent nerves, silky-tomentose
beneath, penninerved on both sides; panicles terminal, much longer
than the leaves; pedicels, calyx, and petals outwardly silky-canescent ;
drupe sub-globose, sub-fleshy.

Has. Crocadilerivier, near Magali ; , 280, Zey.! 330, b. . (Herb.
Hook., T.C.D., Sond.) raha tl Ss oi id A

_ A shrub, very similar to the preceding, but known by the undulate and crenulate
in the upper surface not adpressed-pubescent leaflets, and the compound, long pa-
nicle. Leaflets about the same size as those of R. salicina, 24-3 inches long, 8-10
lines wide ; the upper ones smaller. Panicles longish, pedunculate, silky-tomentose,
flowers sub-glomerate, about 2 lines long. Petals oblong, twice longer than the
acute calyx and the stamens. Ripe fruit wanting. :

_ 58. B. longifolia ; (Sond.); leaves simple, long-stalked, alternate,
linear-oblong, somewhat obtuse, at the plaited, sub-recurved apex emar-
ginate, with incrassate-wndulate margins, glabrous, sub-glaucous, livid

ae _ beneath, with prominent veins on both sides; panicles terminal, ample ;

dicels, calyx, and petals outwardly-canescent ; drupe oblique, reni-

form, sub-fleshy. Anaphrenium longifolium, Bernh.! in Krauss. Beytr.

demain cna

Smodingium.] TEREBINTACEE (Sond.) : 523

Dovstro. Sprcrss.

R. Wildingii (Dehnh, Rivist. nap. i. 3. p. 172). Without d
not different from &. viminalis, Valk tone No. pret ) ut doubt —

R. alatum, Thunb. Herb, == Hippobromus alatus, #7. dZ.! p: 241,
_R, cirrhiflorum, Zhunb. Herb. == Cissus Thunbergii, Harv. p. 259, ex pie. (leaves
ad ternate, leaflets obovate.)
R. digitatum, Thunb. Herb. == Cissus Thunbergii, 2. & Z.! Harv. P. 250, ex pte.

ee (leaves quinate, leaflets oblong-cuneate.
R. dimidiatum, Thunb. Herd. — Cissus dimidiata, Ei & Zl pp. ia Be )

BR. obliquum, Zhunb. Herd. == Pteroxylon utile, 7. & Z./ p. 243.
R. pauciflorum, 7hund. Herb. == Hippobromus alatus, Z. & Z./ p. 247.
R. spicatum, Thunb. Herb. == Schmidelia decipiens, Arn. p. 239.
R. tridentatum, Thunb. Herb. == Cissus tridentata, Z. § Z./=C€. pauciflora, var. B.
Harv. p. 251.
0~| Ill. SMODINGIUM, E. Meyer.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft, persistent. Petals 5, oblong,
deciduous. Stamens 5, opposite to the calyx; tilaments subulate ; an-
thers ovate, 2~-celled. Styles 3, persistent, short ; stigmas obtuse,
Samara sub-orbicular, oblique, emarginate, multi-vittate on both sides
of the dise ; vitte parallel, sigmoid-flexuose. Seeds solitary, testa adhe-
rent to the pericarp. Albumen none. Radicle superior. Sond.

A glabrous shrub, with long-stalked, trifoliolate, coarsely serrate, lanceolate, penni-
nerved leaves, and elongated, terminal panicles of minute flowers. Differs from
Rhus by the winged, vittate pericarp, adherent seeds ; from Botryceras by the
3-foliolate leaves and the larger-winged, oblique fruit. Name from cpod:yt, an
indurated mark; from the callous fruit.

1. 8. argutum (E. Mey.! in Herb. Drege.)
Has, Shady valleys between Omtata and Omsamvwubo, Drege! Feb.~Mar. (Herb,

Sond,
Shab erect; branches striate. Petioles 2-3 inches yf ce gerne memes pal-
—foliate ; leaflets on short stalks, 4-5 inches long, « inch wide, lanceo-
tg A vith lange 2-lines long, mucronate teeth, but entire at

late, narrowed at both ends, with
rot green above, beneath. Panicle Se like the inflorescence of R. py-
roides; rhachis and thinly pubescent. owers about 1 line long. Petals

Fruit 4 lines long, 3 lines wide, wings 1 line

three times longer than the cal nuit 4
wide; pericarp oblique, with 4~6 sigmoid vitte. Styles lateral, shorter than the
; wing, *
IV. BOTRYCERAS, Willd.

Flowers dicecious. Male: calyx patent, 4-5—cleft nearly to the base ;
segments oblong, imbricate in zstivation. Petals 4-5, lanceolate, reflexo-
patent. Stamens 4-5, opposite to the divisions of the calyx, placed
round an expanded, fleshy disc; anthers versatile, 2-celled, cells gib-
bous, dehiscing laterally. Ovary none. Female : calyx and corolla per-
sistent, as in the male, but petals oblong, obtuse. Ovary ovate-com- _
pressed, 1-celled ; ovule solitary, ae Style 1, thick, oblique, —
vising from the upper margin of the ovary. Stigma 3-lobed, bristly.
Fruit with a membranous pericarp, compressed, winged at the margin, —
rugose, tipped with the permanent, sub-lateral style, with a long, one-
seeded nucleus, Seed without albumen. Ctyledong flat-convex. Ra-

0~)

.

524 TEREBINTACEZ (Sond.) [ Botryceras.

dicle superior. Willd. Berl. Magaz. V. 396. Endl. gen. n. 5907. Lau-
rophyllus, Thunb.! Prod. cap. 153. Harv. gen. p. 64. Daphmnatis, Spreng.
gen. nN. 5 59: 5 as

A tree or large shrub, glabrous and resinous. Leaves simple, stalked, elliptic-
oblong, more or less acute, penninerved, glabrous, serrate, the margins reflexed.
Flowers small, in terminal panicles ; those of the male plant lax, with slender rami-
fications ; of the female very dense, the branches compressed, multifid inwards, with
persistent bracte. Name, from Borpus, a cluster, and xepas, a horn; the female
inflorescence resembles a cluster of much-branched antlers.

1. B. laurinum (Willd.! 1. ¢.); Lawrophyllus capensis, Thunb.! prod.
p. 31. fl. cap. p. 153.
Has. Woods in mountainous places, Houtniquakloof, Thunb./ Duivelsbosch near

Zwellendam, Vanstaadensberg, Uitenhage, Z.&Z./ Drege! Oct.-Feb. (Herb.
Lehm., Sond., T.C.D.)

Leaves evergreen, pale or livid below, 3-5-uncial. Petals trigonous, 4-1 inch long.
Drupe about 2 lines long, compressed like an umbelliferous fruit.

v4 V. LOXOSTYLIS, Spreng. fil.

Flowers dicecious. Male: calyx deeply 5-parted ; segments lanceo-
late, acuminate, coloured. Petals 5, three times longer than the calyx,
unguiculate, lanceolate-acuminate, imbricate in estivation. Stamens 5,
free, unequal, as well as the petals inserted between 5 glandular scales
in the tube of the calyx. Ovary none. Female: calyx 3-parted ; the fructi-
ferous large, foliaceous; segments linear-oblong, sub-obtuse, pale green,
veined. Petals minute. Ovary ovate, oblique, sub-compressed, Styles
3-4, unequal, sub-lateral, often 2-3 abortive. Stigmas capitate. Drupe
dry, sub-coriaceous, rugose, green, sub-oval, obtuse, oblique, abortively
1-celled, 1-seeded, included in the persistent calyx and twice as short
as it. Seed compressed-subreniform, umbilicate in the sinus ; testa hard,
coriaceous. Albumen none. Cotyledons accumbent, carnose. Hmbryo

_ eurved, radicle obtuse, ascendent. Reichb. Icon. exot. t. 205. E.G Z./
Enum. p. 152. Endl.Gen. n. 5908. Anasyllis, E. Meyer.

A tree, 15 feet high, quite glabrous. Leaves alternate, stalked, imparipinnate,

2-6-jugate ; leaflets opposite, sub-sessile, lanceolate, entire, the rhachis winged.

terminal, panicled.—Name, Aotos, oblique, and orvaos, a style; the carpels
are oblique.

1. L. alata (Spreng. Herb. Zeyh. n. 3), #.§ Z.4n.1137. Anasyllis
angustifolia and latifolia, E. Meyer in Herb. Drege.

Has. Winterhoeksberg, Elandskloof, FE. & Z.! Sandfontein, Zeyh. n. 351. Enon
=e ee Abeny, oe &e.; and near Omtendo, Drege. Feb.—Jul.
__ Branches terete, striate. Petiole an inch long. Rachis with cuneate wings. Leaf-

___ Iets in some specimens 1-1} inch long, 3 lines wide ; in others 2 inches long, 5-6

ines wide, lanceolate, obtuse, mucronate or acute, with recurved margins, sub-coria-
Panicle ample, compound, ultimate pedicels capillary. Calyx in the male 1
Petals narrow, whitish, recurved. Stamens shorter than the petals.
lines long, 14-2 lines wide. Drupe 3 lines long, sub-compressed.

ite, hermaphrodite, sub-
base imbricate. Petals

Sclerocarya. } TEREBINTACE (Sond.) 525

4, ovate-oblong, obtuse, reflexed, patent, three times longer than the
calyx, imbricate in wstivation, Male flowers with 12-1 5 stamens, in-
serted round a fleshy, depressed, entire disc ; filaments elongate ; an-
thers introrse, oblong, bilocular. Hermaphrodite flowers, with some
sterile and anantherous stamens amongst the fertile. Ovary sub-
globose, 2-3-locular. Styles 2~3, distant, short, thick. Stigmas peltate.
Drupe sub-fleshy, with a hard, woody nucleus, 2~3 -celled, cells 1-seeded
(1-2 abortive). Seed pendulous, without albumen. Cotyledons thick,
plano-convex. Hochst. Flora, Bot. Zeitz. t. 27.2. Besond. Beil, pl.
Spondias spec. Richard.

Trees or shrubs. Leaves petiolate, exstipulate, imparipinnate ; leaflets obovate,
petiolulate, 6-10-jugate, glabrous. —Name from oxAnpos, hard, and xapva, the
walnut,

1. 8. caffra (Sond. Linn, xxiii. 1. p. 26); glabrous ; petiole trigo-
nous ; leaflets 5—13 long-petiolulate, ovate or elliptic, shortly cuspidate,
» mucronate, entire or paucidentate, pale below ; flowers dicecious ; male
spikes terminal, abbreviate ; sepals and petals 4; drupe sub-orbicular,
2~3-celled. ; ; — ;

Has. North side of the Macalisberg, Burke, Zeyh. n. 1857. Port Natal, Guein-
zius, Drege, n. 4063. Fl. Aug.; fruit, Dec. (Herb. Hook., T.C.D., Sond.)

Leaves aggregate at the ends of the branches, alternate, }—1 foot long ; leaflets
1}-2 inches long, 12-15 lines wide, with a short, often oblique acumen, at base acute,
penninerved, shining above, very pale beneath. Male spikes 2-4, shortly peduncu-
late, glabrous, 1-2 inches long. Flowers short-stalked, bracteolate, the dried
stalk red. Stamens equalling the petals. pe of the size of a small walnut,
sub-orbicular. Perfect seeds are wanting.—Nearly allied to S. Birrea, Hochst.

(Spondias Birrea, Rich. fl. Seneg. t. 41.)
VII. HARPEPHYLLUM, Bernhardi.

icecious. Male: calyx 4-5-cleft, segments obtuse. Petals
4 Elgg than the ie cea in estivation. Stamens 8
or g, as well as the petals inserted below the margin of the crenate disc,
Filaments shortly subulate ; anthers ovate, 2-celled. Rudimentary pis-
tillum 4-lobed. Female-flowers unknown. Fruit an obovate, smooth,
sub-fleshy drupe, with a bony, 2-celled putamen. Séeds... Bernh,

in Krauss. Beytr. p. 47-

. Leaves aggregate at the top of the branches, stalked, alternate,
oat seorrasts + leaflets soils falcate-lanceolate, entire, unequal sided, the terminal
oa sided. Male flowers in a terminal panicle.—Name from aprn, a sickle, and

jonir, a leaf: alluding to the falcate leaflets.

1. H. caffrum (Bernh.) Spondias? falcata, Meisn.

Has. Woods at Howisonspoort, near Grahamstad, Zeyh. n. 2028 ; in distr. Uiten-
have, Ecklon, Brehm, Caffraria, Krauss. Drege, 8265. Apr.—May. ; fruct, mat,
Feb,-Mar. (Herb. T.C.D., Lehm., Sond.) _ : ;

‘A tree, 20-30 feet high, quite resembling Eckebergia capensis, Branchlets
odose after the leaves have fallen. Leaves 6-10 inches long. Petiole furrowed
above, 1-2 inches long. Leaflets 5~7-jugate, patent, 2-2} inches long, 6-9 lines
ab de, lanceolate-acuminate, acute at base, the upper margin convex-arcuate, the
i wer straight or concave-arcuate ; middie nerve prominent, primary veins picu-
‘oO on the upper surface. Male panicle terminal, half the length of the leaves.
ous all, whitish or yellowish, on ve Sarat pedicels, Drupe about an inch
Jong, 6 lies broad.—The tree is called by the inhabitants ““Eschenhout;” the edible

fruit, “Zuurebesges.” .

O~i

526 TEREBINTACE (Sond.) [ Cathastrun.

VIII. BALSAMODENDRON, Kunth.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx 4-toothed, persistent. Petals 4, linear-
oblong, inserted under the margin of the torus, induplicately valvate in
estivation. Stamens 8, shorter than the corolla, glabrous, inserted
under the margin of the torus. Torus cup-shaped, fleshy, deeply 8- F
crenated. Ovary sessile, 2-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, sus- ,
pended from the middle of the axis. Style very short. Stigma obtuse, :
4-lobed. Drupe globose or ovate, acute, marked with 4 sutures; sar-
cocarp splitting into 2 valves; nut thick and very hard, long, 2-celled
(one of the cells by abortion often obliterated), at length divisible into
two nuts. Seeds solitary in each perfect cell, suborbicular, concayve-
convex, without albumen; testa membranaceous. Cotyledons suborbi-
cular, fleshy, corrugate and plicate ; radicle superior, cylindrical, thick. ‘
Kunth. Annal. se: nat. vi. 348. Endl. Gen. n. 5930. Protium, sec. 2. D
Wight and Arn. Prod. p. 176. Heudelotia, A. Rich. Flor. Seneg. 150. -E
Amyridis spec. L.

Balsamiferous trees. Leaves unequally pinnated ; leaflets 3-5, sessile, without
dots. Peduncles terminal, on very short branchlets, 1-flowered, solitary or aggre-

gated.—The name signifies Balsam-tree : Myrrh is the product of a North African
species, B. myrrha.

|

1. B. Capense (Sond.); glabrous ; ultimate branches short, patent,
somewhat spinescent, with small, very short branchlets; leaves pal-
mately 3-foliolate; leaflets obcordate or sub-orbicular, crenulate, gla-
brous, terminal cuneate, equal-sided, laterals smaller, oblique at the
base; peduncles 1-flowered, shorter than the leaves; calyx deeply 4-
toothed, lobes ovate, acute ; drupe sub-globose, mucronate, somewhat
compressed.

Has, Between Natvoet and Gariep, 1000-1500 feet, Drege, n. 6809, ex parte. Sept
(Herb. Sond.)

Branches erect, terete, striate, purplish ; branchlets 1-3 inches long or shorter,
bearing the leaves, and at their top the flowers. Leaves on a short (1-14 line long)

_ petiole. Leaflets somewhat coriaceous, with a middle nerve and a few lateral veins,
the terminal 4-5 lines long, 2-34 lines wide, cuneate or narrowed in a short stalk ;
the lateral ones half as long, patent, quite sessile. Peduncle 1-1} line, calyx 1 line

Petals and stamens unknown. Drupe half an inch long, mucronate with the

very short style, fleshy, bivalved. Putamen by abortion 1-celled, 1-seeded, rarely

2-celled, one of the cells very small, containing a rudimentary seed. Seed attached

to the middie of the dissepiment. Testa very thin, brownish. Cotyledons ex-

actly as in Elaphrivm.—Very similar to B. gileadense, Kunth. (Nees v. Esenb. in
Duesseld. offic. Pflanz. tab. 611 ; Amyris gileadensis, L. Vahl. Symb. I. t. 11) ; and

differs only by the more orbicular, crenulate, shorter-stalked leaves, and the deeply-
toothed or 4-fid calyx. ; a

APPENDIX.
TX.! CATHASTRUM, Turez. —
to me to range much better with Celustrinew, of which it has
_ from which it differs merely in having the ovary re-

WEL] :

Onestis.] CONNARACER (Sond.) 527

_ Petals 5, inserted under the margin of the torus, reflexed, obovate or
rotundate, ciliolate, imbricate in estivation. Stamens 5, alternate with
the petals and a little shorter, inserted in the margin of the 5-angulate
torus ; filaments filiform ; anthers sub-cordate, 2-celled. Ovary free,
sessile, 1-locular ; ovules 6-8, in two rows, rarely uniseriate, super-
posed on a parietal placenta. Stylevery short. Stigma peltate. Fruit
unknown. T'urez. Bullet. Mose. 1858, No. 2. p. 448.

A shrub or tree, with the aspect of a Celastrus or Cassine, quite glabrous, Twigs
and leaves opposite. Leaves on short petioles, oblong-lanceolate or oblong, some-
what acuminate at both ends, obtuse or slightly emarginate, rarely acute at point,
coriaceous, with undulate, entire margins. Flowers very small, in axillary short and
few-flowered racemes.—Name signifies a plant resembling Catha, a genus now
merged in Celastrus, ;

1, C. Capense (Turezan. 1. c.)
Has. Forests in Krakakamma, between Port Elizabeth and Vanstadesberg, Zeyh.

Celastrin. n. 2. Dr. Alexander Prior. Dee.Jan. (Herb. T.C.D., Sond.)

Branches terete, smooth ; branchlets compressed, angular. Petiole 1-2 lines long.
Leaves 2-23 inches long, 6-9 lines wide, veined, paler beneath. Racemes }~} inch
long. Pedicels at base bracteolate as well as the petals, about 1 line long.

Orper XLVII. CONNARACEA, R. Br.
"(By W. Sonper.)

(Connaracer, R. Br. Congo, 431 (1818). Endl. Gen. cexlvii, Lindl.

Veg. Kingd. No. clxxv.

(Tacoma ator regular. Calye 5-cleft or parted, persistent.
Petals 5, inserted in the bottom of the calyx, sessile or clawed, imbri-
cate in wstivation. Stamens 10, inserted within the petals ; filaments
free or slightly connate at_base ; anthers introrse, 2-celled. Ovary of
5 separate carpels, either all fertile or several abortive and reduced to
styles; the fertile unilocular, with 2 collateral, erect or ascending ovules;
styles terminal, as many as the carpels. Capsules follicular, 5 or fewer,
coriaceous, dehiscing by the ventral suture, rarely indehiscent. Seed
generally solitary, erect, with or without a fleshy arillus ; embryo exal-
buminous, with fleshy cotyledons ; or albuminous, with leafy cotyledons ;

radicle remote from the hilum.

I. CNESTIS, Juss.

Calyx 5
the calyx as
distinct, Depts back, usually clothed with stinging

opening on i

j valvate in the bud. Petals 5, inserted in the bottom of | .
gk as the 10 stamens, free. Carpels 5 (1~4 abortive),
led, somewhat stipitate, coriaceous, 2-valved, pod-like, —

Thy

528 é CONNARACEZ (Sond.) [ Cnestis.

inside and outside, with 2 ova in each carpel. Seeds solitary, rising
from the base of the carpel, erect, destitute of aril. Albwmen fleshy.
Embryo straight. Cotyledons leafy. Radicle superior. Juss. Gen. 374.
Lam. t. 387. DC. Prod. wu. 86. Endl. Gen. n. 5950.

Usually scandent shrubs. Leaves alternate, imparipinnate, coriaceous, entire.

Flowers in racemose panicles. Name from xvnw, to scraich: the hairs of the cap-
sules excite itching.

1. C. Natalensis (Planch. & Sond.); leaves with 7-9 pairs of oblong
leaflets, which are unequal, oblique at the base, obtuse or sub-retuse at
the apex, glabrous above, pale and thinly tomentose beneath, reticulate
on both sides ; panicles terminal, tomentose, much shorter than the
leaves; carpels ovate-oblong, sub-recurved, tomentose. Omphalobium ?
discolor, Sond. Linn. XXIII, 1. p. 24. Xanthoxylum Natalense, Hochst-
in Krauss. Beyt. p. 41.

Has. Forests between Umloasrivier and Natalbai, Dr. Krauss, Gueinzius, Sander-
son. Sep.-Nov. (Herb. Hook. T.C.D., Sond.) :

A shrub, 4-5 feet high. Branches brown-red. Leaves about 4 inches long.
Leaflets on short petiolules, 12-15 lines long, 4-6 lines wide, whitish-grey on the
lower surface, with prominent rufous middle nerve. Panicle terminal, rarely axil-
lary, 1-14 inch long, ferruginous, thinly tomentose. Pedicels very short. Flowers
1-1} lines long. Calyx downy, segments lanceolate, longer than the linear-oblong
petals, Styles glabrous, with blunt stigmas. Carpels thinly rufo-tomentose, about
10 lines long, § lines broad. Seed black, shining.

END OF VOL, I.

asperifotia, B42. 438

barbata,

julia, B92. 497

530

Ee eye 422
» Ch. & é

pony BF We Ae
erecta, E.Mey. . . 434
erecta, Steud.. . . 437
~ ericoides, _ a 431
fastigiata, E.G Z. . 436
filipetala, FZ. ¢ Z 411
florida, Sond. . . 424
florulenta, Sond. 437
foliosa, Sond 421
fraudulenta, Sond. , 415
Gillivrayi, Sond. 437
glabra, E. § Z. 427
glabrata, B.G W. . 437
BE. - 438
420
. . 429
. 416
E.& Z. 411
Sond. . 409
i . 407
. 404
. 426
430
429
<e a06
. 407
. 421
+ 427

un1]
a0iCLI

INDEX

ares ag (con.) =

patula, Mey... .
patula, E. & Z. . 434
pentachotoma, £.M. 405
pilifera, Schi. . 414
planifolia, Sond. . 413
platypetala, E.& Z. 425
prolifera, B.gG W. . 431
prolifera, E. § Z. . 429
propinqua, Sond, . 423
pubescens, Sond. . 413
pubescens, Willd. d.. 421
pubigera, Sond. . . 414
punctata, Sond... . 417
recurvifolia, Sond. . 415
reflexa, Link, . 439
robusta, .4Z. . 430
rubra, sr 432
rugosa, Link. 421
sabulosa, Sond, . . 406
Schlechtendali, &, ” 407

i th 4

sedifolia, Schl. . . 438
serpyllacea, Link, . 427
serpyllacea, Schl. 407
serruriafolia, E.§ Z. 408
spinosa, Sond. 417
squamosa, B.g W. 418
is, E.G Z. . 424
suaveolens, E.§ Z. . 494

siete
teretifolia, Don. .
Thunbergiana, Schl.

. 376
Thunbergiana, Sond, 424

426

Thunbergiana, B.§ W. 433

thuyoides, EB, d& Z. . 437
thymifolia, Schl. . 420
trachyphylia, E.§ Z. 430
um Sond. . 408
variabilis, Sond. . 433
Ventenatiana, B. ¢ W. 426
vestita, Willd. . . 419
villosa, Willd. . . 426

virgata, B. & W.

Page

AMPELIDEX . . 248
Amyris (Myaris) . . 444
Anameniacoriacea, Vent. 4
Anaphrenium (Rhus) . 521
Anasyllis (Loxostylis) 524
Ata =.
alchemillafolia, E.Mey. 4
caffra, B.GZ, . . :

L. . . .

SWARM os i

calearifera, Miers. .
Harveyana, Miers. .

Miersiana, Harv. .
Antidesmaalnifolia, Hk. 69
APODYTES

dimidiata, Z. —$ . 285
AQUIFOLIACEAS , 472
AMA a Oe
nudiuscula, 2. Mey. a

Zeyheriana, is ae
Snqplenians DO. ade
A undulata, DC.

Pteroce-

Avaga Ca
AURANTIACEAL . 444
Aurinia Rages Desv. hs
Axonotechium (Orygia) 1

Azima (Monetia) . , 474

Balsamina (Impatiens) 312
BatSaMInez . . ,. Sil
BALSAMODENDRON

lan Sond. . 397
a latifolia, R. § Sch. . 394
E mi Sond. . 398
4 Niveni, Sond. . . 398
oblonga, F.4 Z. . 396
oblonga, B.& W. . 896
odorata, Willd. 893
ovata, B. & W. 895
ovata, E.M. . ‘ - ae
pauciflora, E.G Z. . 39
pulchella, ~s rhe . 394
pulchella, E,.&& Z, . 403
pungens, bey BO
seeped, E. $2. . 396

venusta, Ed Z. . 395
Bercia . . a a
anagalloides, : BS
a F te i
omerata, Fee 5
Sond. 116
pielon . 3 . 65
rufescens, 2. Mey. . 72
Blepharolepis (Polpoda) 148

Boscta caffra, Sond. 60, 61

INDEX.
Page

corymbifera, Z. Mey. 62
Gueinzii, Sond. . . 62

CAPPARIS (con.)

eee met
Volkamerie, DC. | 61
Zeyheri, Turcz. . 63
Carasiaa 92-3 7s 1
Bursa-Pastoris, Moench.
81

CARDAMINEY. . 23

CARDIOSPERMUM 237
Halicacaba, Z. . . 237
microspermum, E. Mey.

237

CARPONEMA. . 85

43, 49, 53

CARYOPHYLLE® 120
seen cs es. 405

CeLastrvs (con.) ae
. 457

cymosus, E.G Z . 458
cymosus, Sol. . 459

,o.M. . 458

i is, E.G Z. . 459
illus, 2. § Z. 458

E. Mey. 467

humilis, B.d& Z.. . 459
ilicinus, E.G Z. =. 457
ilicinus, Kr. 457
inflerus, Zey. . . 455
integer, Thu 453

multiflorus, E.§Z. 459

- nemorosus, FZ. § Z.. 460

obtusus, Thund. . . 458
obtusus, E. Mey. . 467
oleoides, Lam... 467

532 INDEX.

Page Page Page
CERASTIUM (con.) - | CLEOME (con.) CYSTICAPNOS (con.)
arvense, E.&Z. . 181 capensis, DT. . . . 52 africana, Gertn.. . 16
brachycarpum, E,M. 130 cordata, Burch. . . 56 grandifiora, E.Mey. 17
Capense, Sond. . . 131 diandra, Burch. . 58| DianTHERA . .. .
Dregeanum, Fenzl. . 130 Eckloniana, Schrad. 55 Burchelliana, Kl. . 58
glomeratum, Thuill. 131 heterotricha, Burch. 55 bre TN ose ant
ounle Pers... . 131 juncea, Thunb. . . 33 Petersiana, Kl. . . 57
pentandrum, E. & Z. 131 juncea, Sparm. . . 59 semitetrandra, K/7. . 58
semidecandrum, E. Z. 131 laxa, Thunb. . . 33 | Dianraus .. . . 122
viscosum, Z.. . . 131 lutea, E. Mey. . . 67 albens, Jacq. . . . 122 ;
vulgatum, E.§ Z. . 131 monophylla, Z.. . 56 albens, Ait. . . . 128 :
CHasILLeTtA cymosa, Hh. 450 oxyphylla, Burch. . 57 albens, E.G Z. . .124
CHAILLETIACEAD 450 pentaphylia, L. . . 55 albens, Turcz.. . . 124
MK 8 rubella, Burch. . . 56 angulatus, E. Mey. . 122 7
cornuta, Thunb. . 33 rupestris, Sond.. . 56 Burchellii, Ser... 123
Cheiranthus, 21,47,50,51, 52 semitetrandra, Sond. 58 ceespitosus, Thunb. . 122 j
CissAMPELOS et Sao subcordata, Steud. . 56 cespitosus, E.§ Z. . 123
angustifolia, E. Mey. 13 virgata, Thunb. . . 34 crenatus, Thunb. . 123
apiculata, H + . 11} Crests. crenatus, E£. § Z. 123, 124
calearifera, Burch. . 12 Natalensis, Pl. § 8S. 527 crenatus, E. Mey. . 122
-Capensis, Thunb. . 11 | Cochleariacoronopus, L. 28 crenatus, Bot. R. . 124
_ fructicosa, Thunb, . 11 | Cananratum . . . 147 holopetalus, T'urcz. . 123
humilis, Fa a grandiflorum, FZ. Mey. 148 ineequalis, E.M. 123, 124 :
eekeite, E. 5 parviflorum, Fenzl. . 148 incurvus, Thunb. . 123
torulosa, Z. Mey. . 11| CoumoneMA. . . | 377 Kamiesbergensis, S. 124
wnbellata, E. Mey.. 10| album, B.g W. . _ 378 micropetalus, Ser. . 122
Cissus ete 27) album, E. Mey. . . 874 micropetalus, E. § Z. 124
_ bigemina, Harv. , 253 aspalathoides, vuss.. 378 pectinatus, #. Mey. . 124
itt et» - 249 | Dregeanum, Presl. . 879 | prostratus, Jacq. , 124 :
_ eirrhiflora, E.&Z. , 251 gracile, B.§ Z. . . 379 prostratus, E. Z. 122, 123 4
-cirrhosa, Pers. “e202 Lage Sond. . 378 ramentaceus, Fenzl. . 122
cuneifolia, E.G Z. . 251 » Hook. . 379} scaber, Thunb. . . 122
dimidiata, B. ¢Z. . 251 virgatum, E.§ Z. . 379 scaber, E.G Z. . . 123°
Dregeana, Bernh. . 250 virginianum, E. § Z. 378 Zeyheri, Sond. . . 124
Serruginea, E. Mey. 250| CONNARACER 527 | Dicarpea linifolia, Pr. 155
fragilis, E. Mey. . 249 | Corchorus . - +. 228 | Dictamnus Capensis, L. 371
glabra, E. Mey. . . 253 asplenifolius, Burch. 229 Diosma,.t. .... ...., 873
hypoleuca, Harv. . 252 asplenifolius, E. M. . 229 acmephylla, E. § Z. 375
mequilatera, E. Mey. 251 serrefolius, Burch. . 229 acuminata, Lodd, . 388
nigera, Harv, . . 252/ trilocularis, Z. . . 229 acuta, Lec, .. . . 432
orientalis, Z. . . 253 Coronopus anomalus, Spr. 33 alba, Thunb. . . 33878
pauciflora, Burch, . 251 Coronopus (Senebiera) 27 ambigua, B.g W. . 374
guinata, Ait...” . 252 | Conniawia . . 132 ambigua, E.G Z. . 375
rhomboidea, E. Mey. 252 | - capensis, Thunb. . . 132 apiculata, Spr. . . 414
mit Sats i a eng patie 132 aspalathoides, Lam. 375
semiglabra, ane ephifolia, Poir. . 132 bar Me sres 38
Resces, EF @Z.. | 251 ienatzs “a ate Hae re

: Pe ak 16 barbigera, die i 441
Burmanni, £.§ Z. . 17 betulina, Th. . . . 394
cracea, Schl. . . . 17 bifida, Jacq. . . . 408

levigata, E.Mey. . 17| bdisulca, Thunb. . . 429
pruinosa, H. Mey. . 17 brevifolia, Lam. . . 434
caffra, Burch. . . 60| dyuniades, Link. . . 432

Crateva, se calycina, Steud. . . 379
avicularis, Burch . 60 Capensis, L. .. . . 429
Crocoxylon excelsum, E. cerefolia, Vent. . . 424
Zz, 68 ciliata, L 5 2 Seaege

LE Sot ee
CRUCIFERE . . 19| ciliata, Thunb. . . 495
Seam... . $4 | -elhdta Lem aa
Polygaloides, Sond.. 34 cistoides, Lam. . . 388

Page
Drosma (con.)
crenata, 393
crenata, Lodd. 394
crenulata, L 393
cupressina, LZ. . . 874
decussata, Lam. . . 373
depressa, E. § Z. 375
dichotoma, Berg. 374
didi MR. s OOT
dubia, Spr. . 416
Eckloniana, Sond. 375
ensata, Thunb. 442
eriantha, Steud. . . 407
ericifolia, Andr.. . 374
ericoides, Linn. 375
ericoides, Sims. 375
ericoides, E. § Z. 374
ferulacea, Ait. 376
Sragrans, B. M. . . 391;
glabrata, E. Mey. . 375
glandulosa, Thunb. . 421
glomerata, E. Mey. . 371
graveolens, L. . 394
hirsuta, E.G Z . . 875
hirsuta, Linn. . . 875
hirta, Lam. . . . 404
hirta,. Vent. +... .. 426
hispida, Th. . . ~ 430
hispida, Hort. . . 432
imbricata, Thunb. . 419
juniperifolia, Spr. . 378
lanceolata, Thunb. . 397
latifolia, Lin. 394
latifolia, Lodd. . . 393
linearis, Th... + 388
linearis, E.G Z. . 375
longifolia, B.§ Z. . 375
Lycopodioides, Willd. 418
marginata, L. ~ 892
Meyeriana, Steud. . 378
microphylla, Spr. 396
mixta, Ait. . . «432
myrsinites, Lam. . ed
obtusa, Meyer . . » 440
obtusata, Th... . . 879
obtusata, Willd. . . 381
obtusifolia, Sond. . 377
odorata, DO. . . « 898
snoratifolia, B. Sch. 873
tefolra,
Pela big
itufolia, ey.
orbicularis, mae)
parvifolia, . 409
passerinoides, ase 377
_pectinata, Th. . 875
- pilifera, Steud. . 414
_pinifolia, Fisch. . 374
puberula, Steud. . . 416

INDEX.

Ss
DrosMa (con. ) nse
, Th. 426, 432
pulchella, L. . . « 894
pulchella, Houtt. ~. 395
punctata, Licht. . . 396
ramosissina, B.¢W. 376
recurva, Ch. § Sch. . 377
refleca, Sol. . . 419
reflexa, Lodd. . 489
rigidulum, Willd. . 373
rosmarinifolia, Lam. 392
rubra, L. . . 874
rubra, Berg. .« . 378
rugosa, Th. . . 421
rugosa, Willd. . 425
rugosa, Don. . . 887
scabra, Lam. . . 874
serratifolia, Curt. . 393
Simsti, E.g Z. . . 375
spartitfolia, Steud. . 396
speciosa, B.M. . . 387
squamosa, Willd. . 418
squarrosa, Wendl. . 440
stenopetala, Steud. . 411
stricta, Willd. . . 427
subulata, Wendl. 374
succulenta, Berg. 373
tenur ‘folia, Willd. 375
tenuifolia, Pr. 379
tenuissima, Lodd. 435
teretifolia, Link. 376
tetragona, L. . 381
thymifolia, Willd. . 421
thyrsophora, EB. § Z. 377
thuyoides, Willd. . 435
umbellata, Th. - 408
uniflora, DL. - 888
villosa, Thund. es ABD
virgata, Thunb. .« 412
virgata, E. Meyer 375
virgata, E. Mey. . . 378
vulgaris, Schl. . . 374
Wendlandiana, DC. 426
Diosmee - Kur O70
Diplerisma |(Melianthus) 367
Diplesthes (Salacia). . 230

Diporidiwm (Ochna) . 448
DiscocaPNnos
Mundtii, Ch. § Sch.. 18
Ditroche (Semonvillea) 152
DODON MA, eo. 241
angustifolia, Thunb. 242

linearis, E. Mey. . 242
Mundtiana, EF. § Z. . 242
Natalensis, Sond. 242

« 221
rotundifolia, Harv. . 221

Page

| DovyaLis .. . 69
_ celastroides, Sead. re ht]

2 rhamnoides, Burch... 69
- rotundifolia, Thunb. 70
zizyphoides, E. Mey. 69
DROSERACEA . . 75
DROSERA .« 75
acaulis, Thunb. . 78
Burkeana, Pl. . 76
Capensis, Z. . . 76
cistiflora, Z. . « i- 78
cuneifolia, Thunb. . 76

curvipes, Pl. we 78

grandiflora, Bartl. . 78
hilaris, Ch. § Sch. . 77
paucifiora, Banks. . 78
ramentacea, Burch.. 77
Roridula, Thunb. ~. 79
trinervia, Spr. .. . 76
violacea, Willd. . . 78
DRYMARIA
cordata, Willd. 185, 136
EKEBERGIA . .) 0. 247
Capensis, Sparm. . 247
Capensis, Hochst. . 247
Meyeri, Presi. . . 247
ELXODENDRON.. . . 467
angustifolium, Pr, . 472
Capense, £.§ Z.. . 468
croceum, DC. . 468
Dregeanum, Presl. + 463

papillosum, Hochst. . 468
verrucosum, Kth. . 468
Elaphrium Capense, DC. 446

Elaphr. inequale, DC. 444
ELATINACEZ . .415
EmpLeunipiuom . . . 442
juniperinum, S. fH. 442
LEURUM .. 4 441
ensatum, E. § Z. . _ 449
serrulatum, Ait.. . 442

Eriostemon Capense, P. ~ 388
Eriudaphus, Nees. (Pho-

DETOB) Aves ee SOS
arduinum, Willd. . 259

incarnatum, L’Her. 258
malachoides, Willd. 259
maritimum, Z’Her. 259
moschatum, Willd. . 259

Erythrophila (Erythro-
physa) . ~*~ 288
ERYTHROPHYSA
undulata, FE. Mey. . 237

ERYTHROXYLEAS 233 —
ERYTHROXYLON. .

- 233
233

534

Page
Evcu27I1s (con.)

dubia, Sond. . . 873
elata, BF. G Z. sow ~ 872
flexilis, H.g-Z. . . 872
glomerata, B. ¢ W.. 371
glomerata, E. § Z. . 372
linearis, Sond. . . 372
Ewonymus Col, L. 466
_ Fagara (Zanthoxylon) 446

Fagarastrum ca ;
UN. a, nw 6 446
Farsetia diffusa, Desv. 42
Ficaria radicans, E.M. 7

Flacourtia rhamnoides,
Bath Re 6D
FRANKENIA.. . . . 114
capitata, Webb. . . 114
hispida, DC. . eal4
Krebsii, Ch. § Sch. . 114
levis, “Sire eases TE
nodiflora, Lam. . . 115
Nothria, Thunb... . 114
erulenta, Z.. . 115
KENIACE 113

‘ ye eraser 6%

ia, elI1€
FUMARIACEA . 15
GERANIACEAR . . 254
GERANIUM. ae
anemoides, Thunb. . 256
caffrum, £. ¢: Z. . 258
canescens, L’ Her. 257
contortum, E. § Z. 258
258

Incanuin, LZ... . 257
wmeanum, E. Mey 257
ornithopodum, £. Z. 258
sericeum, ag area Ly f
Sspinosum, Cav. . 256
tectum, Thunb. . . 2976
GIEsEKIA. soe IBS
_ Miltus, Fenzl. . . 156
ELM. 156

Page

lasiocarpa, Z. Mey. . 226
monticola, Sond. . 226
obtusifolia, Willd. . 225

obtusifolia, E.G Z. . 225
occidentalis, Z. . . 225
trinervis, E. Mey. . 225
Guarrenta 5.0% Voces 9
caffra, Sond. . . . 9
Gymnonychium ens.
Bark. 22 AIS
GYNANDROPSIS . . . 55
pentaphylla, DC. . 55
EPHYLLUM
eaffrum, Bernh. . . 525
Harroeia (Thunb.) . 464
Capensis, Thunb. 464
illicifolia, Hochst. . 474
multifiora, EG Z. . 464
riparia, E.G Z. . . 464
Thea, E. Mey. . . 464
Hartogia, L. (Diosma,
Faye 387, &c.
Heeria (Rhus) . 521
HELIopHILA. . 35

abrotanifolia, Banks 48
affinis, Sond... . . 39
amplexicaulis, Lin. f. 40

ides, Sims. . . 48
arenaria, Sond. . . 53

chamemelifolia, E.Z. 48
cleomoides, D.C... . 62
concatenata, Sond. . 41
cornuta, Sond. . . 49
coronopifolia, Z. . 42
crithmifolia, Willd. 44

diffusa, DC. . . . 42

dissecta, E. Mey.. 41, 46
divaricata, Banks. . 46

89

hh Ae NA Dee se oe
©

HELIOPHILA (con. )
flava, Lin. f.. .
florulenta, Sond. .
foeniculacea, R. Br.
frutescens, Lam.
glauca, Burch.
glauca, LE. § Z.
gracilis, Sond.
graminea, Burch. .
heterophylla, Thunb.
hirsuta, &. Mey. .
micann, Ass. 5.
incana, Thunb.
incisa, Banks. . .
inconspicua, E. Mey.
integrifolia, L. . .
latisiliqua, Z. Mey. .
lepidioides, Link. .
linearifolia, Burch .
pears. Ge...
liniflora, DO...
liniflora, E. § Z. .
longifolia, DC. :
longifolia, E. Mey. .
lyrata, Thunb. .
macrosperma, Burch.
macrostylis, LE. Mey.
Meyeri, Sond. . .
molluginea, DC.

. monticola, Sond.

Se Oe Ce &

pendula, E. Mey.
pennata, Vent. . .
pilosa, Lam. .
pinnata, Lin. f.. .
platysiliqua, R. Br.
platysiliqua, E. § Z.
platysiliqua, Meisn.
pubescens, Burch.
pubescens, E. § Z.
pusilla, Lin. f. .
refracta, Sond. .
reticulata, EZ. ¢ Z.
rigidiuscula, Sond. .
rivalis, Burch,
rostrata, Presl. . .
sarcophylla, Meisn. .
scoparia, Burch,
scoparia, E, Mey,
seselifolia, Burch. .
seselifolia, E. § Z. 44,
sonchifolia, DC.

. .

Ci C2 8 A Chee

*

Page

HELIOPHILA (con. )
stylosa, Burch. . . 51
subulata, Burch, . 50

subulata, E. Mey. . 50
succulenta, Banks . 50
suavissima, Burch.. 49
suavissima, E. Mey. 50
tenella, Banks . . 38
tenuifolia, Sond. . 45
tenuisiliqua, DC. . 40
trifida, Thunb, . . 42
trifurca, Burch. . . 46

viminalis, E. Mey. . 45

virgata, Burch. . . 52
virgata, E.G Z.. . 50
virgata, Meisn. . . 51
Hermannia. . . . 180
abrotanoides, Schr. . 204
alnifolia, J. . . . 189
alnifolia, E. Mey. . 189
altheefolia, Z. . 184
altheoides, E. § Z. . 186
angularis, Jacq. 197
angularis, E. §-Z. . 197
tea, Sm. 203
argentea, E § Z. 203
argyrata, Prest.. . 185
aurea, Jacq, 184
bicornis, E. § Z. 205

- biflora, E.G Z. . . 192

boraginiflora, Hook, 201
brachypetala, Harv. 202
bryonizfolia, Burch. 207

chrysophylla, Z.§Z. 193
cluytizfolia, Ott. . 207
. 185
. 184

. 192

INDEX.
P
HERMANNIA (con. ) et
disticha, Schr. . . 188
diversifolia, E. § Z. 184
diversistipula, Presl. 198
dryadifolia, Harv. . 191
exstipulata, Z. Mey. 202
falcata, E.§ Z.. . 196
filifolia, L. . 195
jilifolia, E. Mey. . 194
filipes, Harv. . 206
fistulosa, E.§ Z. . 186
flammea, Jacq. . . 196
flammula, Harv. . 196
floribunda, Harv. . 201
fragrans, Link, . . 184
Gariepina, E. Mey... 202
geniculata, E. § Pres ke
glandulosa, Link, . 206
glauca, Ott. . . . 207
glomerata, E. Mey. 194
gracilis, E.f 2. - 200
grandiflora, Ait. . 217
halicacaba, DC. . 204
hirsuta, Schrad.. . 190
hirsuta, E.§Z. . . 187
hirsuta, E. Mey. . 189
hispidula, Rchb.. . 207
holosericea, Jacq. . 190
humilis, E. Mey. . 219
hyssopifolia, Lin. . 197
imbricata, E.§ Z. . 198
incana, Thunb. . 190
incana, E.G Z. . ~ 186
incisa, Willd. . 204
involucrata, Cav. . 193
involucrata, E.§ Z. . 198
Joubertiana, Harv. 196
latifolia, EF Gf Z . 192
latifolia, Jacq. . 193
lavandulefolia, Z. . 199
linearifolia, Harv. . 205
linifolia, Z. oa Lon
linifolia, E. Mey. . 206
leucanthemifolia, Ott. 207
macrophylla, J'wrez. 186
melochioides, Burch. 206
micans, DC. pes ae
micropetala, Harv. . 2
mollis, E, Mey. . 186
mucronulata, Turez. 199
multicaulis, E, Mey. 214
multifida, DC. . . 204
multiflora, Jacq. . 189
multiflora, E. § Z. . 189
multiflora, E.Mey. . 190
muricata, E.§ Z, . 191
. 186
. 199
. 200
. 191
- 190

Page
HERMANNIA (con

paniculata, E, Mey. . 187
parviflora, E.Mey. . 217
passerinoides, E,g Z, 195
patula, Harv. . . 187
paucifolia, Turez. . 203
plicata, DC. . . « 184
plicata, E. Mey.. . 185
plicata, E.§ Z.. . 186
‘pol E.G Z. 196

prisma’ E.M. 186
procumbens, Cav. . 185
procumbens, E.M, 210,211
pulchella, LZ. . . . 211
pulverata, And. . 203
pulverulenta, DC. . 203
quercifolia, E. § Z. . 194
racemosa, E. Mey. . 203
rigida, Harv. . . 188
rotundata, E, Mey. . 215
rotundifolia, Jacq. . 188
salicifolia, Harv. 199
salviefolia, L. . 193

salviefolia, E.§¢ Z. 199
Sandersoni, Harv. . 200

scabra, Cav. . . . 191
scabra, Jacg.. . - 191
scoparia, Harv. . . 194
scordifolia, Jacq. 187

_ 198
trifurca, E.§ Z, 196, 197

trifoliata, Linn. .

trifurcata, J. . ~. 205
triphylla, Cav. . . 206
triphylla, E. Mey. -
velutina, DC. . . 199

venosa, Bartl, - 207
verrucosa, E.§ Z. . 191
vesicaria, Cav. . 211
vestita, E, Mey. . » 201
HEeRnianIa . . . «- 132
Capensis, Bartl, . . 132
bite IS
lenticulata, Thunb. . 132
virescens, Salz. . 132
Hinmous . 4. ss ieee
ZBthiopicus, L. . . 174

ascendens, Don. . _. 172
asperifolius, E, § Z. 174
atro: i , 2.2. 174
borbonicus, Link. . 170

536

Page

_ Hisiscus (con.)

- ealycinus, Willd. . 170
calycularis, E. Mey. 171
calyphyllus, Cav. . 170
cannabinus, Z. . . 176
cordatus, Harv. . . 172
cucurbitinus, Burch . 173
diversifolius, Jacg. . 171
ellipticus, E. Mey. . 174
Serrugineus, E. § Z.. 175
Jicarius, E. Mey. . 170
ficulneus, Cav. . . 171
furcatus, Roxb. . . 176
Suscus, Garke . « 175
gossypinus, Thunb. 175
gossypinus, E. § Z. 175
hamatus, E. Mey. . 177
hastefolius, E. Mey. 176
helvolus, BE. Mey. . 174
poses E, hod 172

ypog E. Mey. 177
Kraussianus, Bernh. 173
lasiospermus, E.Mey. 175
leiospermus, Harv. . 173
leptocalyx, Sond. . 175
Ludwigii, £. ¢ Z, . 171
macrocalyaz, Garke . 175
macularis, E, Mey. . 171

us,H.M. 174
Meyeri, Harv. . . 173
_ macrocarpus, Garke . 174

ee eriana,
HYPERICINEA

ny]

INDEX.

Hypericum... .
fEthiopicum, Thunb. 117

humifusum, Z. . . 118
Lalandii, Chois. 118
verticillatum, Th. 118
HYperTeLIs . . . 144
arenicola, Sond. . 145
Bowkeriana, Sond. 145
spergulacea, #. Mey. 145
verrucosa, Fenzl. 144
bee OS ETS
Capensis, Sond. § H. 473

crocea, Thunb. . .

crocea, E, Mey. . . 468

flexuosa, FE. Mey. 454
Tlicinee . pe aD
IMPATIENS

bifida, Thunb. . .
Capensis, Thunb. .
TONTDIUM = 4 PSE

* integrifolia, E. § Z. 71
integrifolia, E. Mey.
KNownTonla . . . 4

Laneretiahumifusa, Pl.
Lavatera (Spheroma) .
LAURIDIA , . .

rupicola, E.§ Z. . 469
Laurophyllus, Thumb. . 524
Leewwenhoekia (Dom-

beya) 608-4

LEPIDIUM (con.)
flecuosum, E.§ Z. . 29
hirtellum, Sond. . 30
linoides, Thunb.. . 28
myriocarpum, Sond. 28
pinnatum, Thunb. . 380
pinnatum, E.§ Z. . 30
subdentatum (A uct.)
28, 29, 29
sylvaticum, E.§ Z. . 29
trifureum, Sond. . 30
Lepigonium. . . . 134
Capense, Schrad. . 184
marginatum, Koch. . 135
martinum, Kindb. . 135
medium, Fries. . . 134
rubrum, Fries. . 184
Leptormus (Heliophila)
38

Leucoxylon laurinum,
Be Me a ae
Lampe
africanum, Burm, . 153
ethiopicum, Burm.. 154
canescens, L. Mey. . 153
Capense, Thunb. . 153
Aluviale, E.§ Z. . «154
glomeratum, F. ¢ Z. 155
iniflorum, Fenzl. . 155
litorale, E.G Z.. . 153
Meyeri, Fenzl. . . 155

pauciflora, Mog.. . 154
telephioides, FE. M. 153 -

viscosum, Menzl. . 154
LINES * se 808
Lae oe SS ee

ecuminatum, E. Mey. 309

adustum, E, Mey. . 309

aethiopicum, Thunb. . 309

africanum, Z. . . 309

Bartlingii, E. §& Z. . 309

gracile, Pl. -- . . 809

juniperinum, E. § Z. 309

pungens; Ply... 809

quadrifolium, Thunb. 311

racemosum. E, Mey. 310

Reichenbachii, Pl. . 310

thesioides, Bartl. . 310

Thunbergii, EZ. ¢ Z. 310
LoxostyLis

alata, Spr... .
Iunaria (Heliophila)
42-43
Macromerum junceum,

© . . .

Macrosrynis . .

° 439

ra

INDEX. 537
Page Pa

Macrostv.is (con.) MAHERNIA (con. ) = MELHANIA (con.) ~~
obtusa, B.& W.. . 440 seselifolia, DC. . . 220 linearifolia, Sond. . 219
ovata, Sond. . . . 441 | sisymbrifolia, Turcez. 212 prostrata, DC. . . 219
squarrosa, B. d@ W. . 440 spinosa, Burch. 205, 220 | MELiIa Azederach, Z. 245
tenuis, FE. Mey. . . 440 stellulata, Harv. . 216 | ME LIACEA. . . 244
villosa, Sond. . . 439 stricta, E.Mey. . . 206 | MELIANTHEA. 366

MAHERNIA.. +. 4 «» 207 tomentosa, Zurcz. . 219 | MELIANTHUS comosus,
abyssinica, Hochst. . 216 tomentosa, Wendl. . 216 ie eee 7 f

angustifolia, Harv, . 219 vernicata, Burch. .220| Dregeana, Sond. . 368
anthemifolia, Harv. 213 vernicata, E.& Z. . 216 major, Linn... . . 367
betonicefolia, Z. f Z. 218 veronicefolia, H.g-Z. 216 minor, Z.. . . . 368

bipinnata, Linn. . 212 verticillata, Z. . . 209 minor, Houtt. . . 367
biserrata, Cav. . . 220 verticillata, Auct. . 210 | MENISPERMACEA 9
biserrata, E.G Z. . 211 vesicaria, DC. . . 211 | Menispermum Capense,
brachycarpa, Harv. . 212 vestita, Harv. . . 218 y 9 ea A]
chrysantha, Pl... 218 violacea, Burch.. . 220 | MernyscopHytitum . 463
coceocarpa, E. § Z. 213 MALPIGHIACE. 231 glaucum, EZ. dZ. . 464
cordata, E.Mey. .218| Matva .... - 159 | Miltus africana, Lour. 156
dentata, Harv. . . 216 flexuosa, E.§ Z.. . 159 Moiivao 25 5 4 87
diffusa, Jacg. . . 210 microcarpa, E.&Z. . 159 cerviana, Ser. . . 138
diffusa, E. Mey. . 211 iflora, ZL. .°. 159 dichotoma, DC, . . 141
dryadifolia, E.§ Z.. 191 pusilla, E.G Z . . 159 glomerata, DC. . . 151
erodioides, Burch. . 214 rotundifolia, EB. & Z. 159 hirta, Thunb. . . 137
fragrans, Rchb. . . 220 | Malva anomala, E. Z. 165 Lichtensteiniana, DC. 150
geranioides, Harv. . 213 divaricata, E. Mey. 165 linearis, Ser... . . 141
glabrata, Cav. . . 220 elegans, Cav. 165 marginata, DC.. . 147
glandulosa, Presl. . 211 rugosa, E.G Z, . ~ 165 microphylla, Ser. . 139
gracilis, Harv. . . 215 striata, E. Mey. . . 165 quadrangularis, DO. 146
diflora, Burch. . 217 venosa, E.G Z. . ~ 165 serpyllifolia, DC. . 142
grandistipula, Buch. 209 | Maiva (Malvastrtm) serrulata, Sond. 2187
heterophylla, Cav. . 209 159-164 teretifolia, Ser. . . 144
hilaris, E.G Z. . . 205
humifusa, 7.4 Z. 210
incana, E. & Z. 205
incisa, Jacq. . 211

linnzoi

linneoides, E.Mey. . 215 fragrans, G. ¢ H.
marginata, Turez. . 313 grossularizfolium, ZH.
multifida, E.G Z. . 210 161
myrrhifolia, E.§ Z. 212 procumbens, H. .
namaquensis, EZ. Mey 209 racemosum, H. .
nana, E.G Z. . + 215 setosum, SB ae
oblongifolia, Harv. . 219 strictum, G. GH.
odorata, E.G Z.. . 187 tridactylites, G. ¢ H. 162
ovalis, Harv. . » 215 virgatum, G. gH,
ovata, E. Mey. . - 211 Manglilla Milleriana, Pr.

oxalidiflora, Burch. . 220

pinnata, E. & Z. 203 | Mavrocenta Capensis,
pulchella, Cav. . . 211 et, a
resedeefolia, Burch. . 219 MELHANIA . » -
rutila, Jacq. . 2 Burchellii, DC. .

scabra, E.G Z. . . 214 didyma, £. & Z.
scoparia, E.G Z . 195 leucantha, E, Mey. .

Page Pee
Morattta (con.) MvRautta (con.) | Nasrearen (cos.)
. « . 111 | micrantha, B GZ. .103 | caledonicum, Sond. . 21
an 4 micrantha, Sieh. . . 107 ra ay E.Mey... 21
Zz en micrantha, Diefr. . 113 E. Mey. 21
DO. « . 106 mixta, DC. 104 officinale, R. Pr 21
asparagifolia, B. ¢ Z. 102 mixta, EB, Mey. 102 | Navatts lacens, Hochet, 369
Bien Merk. 111 saldtalin, Bi * ie weal, 2 ae
we. « on ° le J . *y. .
brevicornu, DC, . 113 Pa Men 106 avicelaria, DO. . . &@
teevifoliar DO.” 109 a 110 = 0
ia, I pucifiora, DC. - 110 nervosa,
brevifolia, B.¢ Z. . 109 phylicoides, Thunb. . 105 ides, DO. . 6
Burchellii, EB. d& Z. ae eg . 108 peduaceloas, Hochst. =
Burmanni, ¢ J 113 ;
Burmanni, B.§ Z. . 101 pubescens, DC. . . 107 triphylla, 1; 69
calycina, Hare. . . 101 reticulata, Harr. 109 | Nourta Africana, Rick. 478
Candollei, Ff Z. . 106 so eo OLRM . . ‘
cin, 106 B.¢2Z. . 99 | capensis, Thank. i
carnosa, B. Mey. . 111 rubicunda, . 100 toerulea, Ande i4
ciliaris, aGk der renifelia, Be ae stellota, Witt if
sien Bae . 106 102 | NYMPHAACER | 13
B.¢Z. 98 eee 4 eee sa soe rr
iotde xy io gp 1a
aprengel ion -¢Z. 100 osha, ea . » $40
jotdes, Tare. 111 HNACES . 448
Rak ‘10 devclen, 504
stipulacea, — dali, Sed. . . 503
B.42Z. . 109 | Otscommn oo»
Andr. . 100 Capensie, Then. 64
On 4..«. + 419 Berchellii, 7, Mueli. 65
striata, B.. de se * Tit Pred. . 64 :
suleaia, Hare. . . 113 E.Mey. 6 7 |
tenuifolia, DC. . . 102 | OLACINE 734 )
tenwifolia, Meisn, . 108 bo mses
i, BAZ. 106 lor, Sond &28
« 106 th Thunb. 109 | Owcoma Kranssiana, Fl. 66
- 104 DC. . . 110 | Ormisens (Heliophila) 40, 41 |
: 100 barn Fe : 108 — 136
B. Mey. 100 | viminea, Tures. . | 112 | OXALIDER 312
ee mrrhatt, Teves. ‘6 4 Oca 313
Myrsine mi: , a=

z p sanasnasanaaassaaseananaatsans ee

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gases gs

eldlled

2 - 2 6S
N

et ye

-
gs

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we

a fe So

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Wess
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mutabilis, Sond,

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° 2 Bae: 2.) 2 2 2

—

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INDEX.

.

x atte A es

oF pee iine a ag Bree
il ic il Hig

o & ee # *.*

Ra ee Go

NS, ‘ed fy822 "19

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nl

—— 2 9 Ss es 2 2 6 eS 6 2 2 ©

fj ee

540 © INDEX.

Page Page Page

OXALIS (con.) OXALIS (con.) - PELARGONIUM (con.)
pusilla, Salish. « . 351 versicolor, Jacq. . . 321 atrum, L’Her. . . 267
pygmea, E, Mey. . 334 virginea, E, Mey. . 328 auriculatum, Sw. - 262
quinata, Sav. . . 346 viscosa, E. Mey. . 344 auriculatum, Willd. . 262
u Sond. . . 327 Zeyheri, Sond. . . 347 balsameum, Jacg. . 304
reclinata, Jacq. . . 322 | Pachystylium glabrum, barbatum, Jacq... 267
E Beg Bee: BRC BB betonicum, Jacq. . ~ 287
Sond. . 330 | Pallasia Capensis, Ht. 371 betulinum, Ait. . . 301
repens, Thunb, . . 351 | Paumstruckia. . . 85 bicolor, Ait. . . . 275
reptatrix, Jacq. . . 831 Capensis, Sond. . . 35 bifolium, Willd.. . 265
reptatrix, E. Mey. . 344 | PAPAVERACEA . 14 blattarium, Jacq. . 291

revoluta, E. Mey. P. ; ot brevirostre, E. Mey. . 289
igi - bullatum, Jacq. . . 287
Burmannianum, E. Z. 279

caffrum, £.g Z.. . 278

I , Att. . . 804
cardiophyllum, Harv. 284
i (Hoarea)

- 289
. 271

oe

a Meian, . 318 | alchemilloides, Witid. 295 | pro oem a ty
strumosa, E. Mey. . 335 althxoides, Z’Her. . 290 ‘to, TCeTO
vetoes E, teh 9-888 ot ee Be Z. 277 cerinum, ae woe $99

_ suggillata, Jacq... . 331 anceps, DO. . . . 289 chamzdryfolium, b
_ swlphurea, E, Mey. . 335 anemonifolium, Jacq. 287 de “370
sulphurea, Eck. . . 336 anemonifolium, EB. Z. 288 chelidonium, Houtt. 265

tenella, Jacq. . . 339 anethifolium, Z. § Z. 273 ciliatum, Jacq. «. . 262

tenella, Lodd. . . 326 angulosum, Ait . . 302 ciliatum, L’Her.. . 262
tenella, E.§ Z. . . 333 augustifolium, Thunb. 262 clandestinum, I’ Her. 289
_ tenuifolia, Jacq,

crithmifolium, E. M. 278
cucullatum, Ait . . 302
cuspidatum, Willd. . 297

olium, Cav. . 278
daucifolium, E. § Z. 274
delphinifolium, Wil/d. 308
densi m, B.§ Z, 299
denticulatum, Jacq. 307
depressum, Jacq... 262
dichondrefolium, DC.293
dimidiatum, E. § Z. —
Lon . 26

distans, L’ Her. * . 291
divaricatum, Thunb. 297

echinatum, Curt. . 299
elatum, Sw. . 293
elatum, a. ‘ =
elongatum, Cav. . . 296
ensatum, Thunb. . 263
eriostemon, Jacq... 291
eriostemon, E.§ Z. . 292
erythrophyllum, E.Z. 262

exstipulatum, Ait. . 283
ferulaceum, Willd. . 279
filipendulifolium, Sw. 274
fissifolium, Pers. . 270

Harv. 277

INDEX
Page
PELARGONIUM (con.)

hirtum, Jacq... . . 281
a ae asl
ispidum, Wi . 807
Releuriandl, Sin | 291
humifusum, Willd. . 290
humifusum, DOr 289
hybridefolium, E. Z. 272
hystrix, Harv, . . 280

Jatropefolium, DC. 308
lacerum,

“te? gy

laciniatum, Pers. . 262
laciniatum, E. Mey. . 267
levigatum, Willd. . 297
lanatum, Thunb. + 302

um, Cav. . 297
lateritium, Oe 299
lateripes, L’Her.. . 294
laxum, Sw. . 279
laxum, BE. § 2... 278
lessertiafolium, E. Z. 268
limbatum, E. Mey. . 267
lineare, L’ Her. 292

longicaule, Jacq. . 287
longiflorum, Jacq. . 262
longifolium, Jacq. . 261
malveefolium, Jacq. . 296
marmoratum, E. § Z. 295

acq.
‘Meyeri, Harv. . . 262
micranthum, E. § Z.

micropetalum, E. M. 289
i yllum, B. § Z.280
millefoliatum, Sw. . 274
minimum, Willd, . 285
moniliforme, E. M, 264
- 287
multifidum, Harv. . 281

multiradiatum, od

- munitum, Burch. . 308
aera E. Mey. . 289
myrrhifolium, Ait. . 286
nanum, L’Her. . . 290
nervifolium, Jacq. . 266
Niveni, Harv. 271
Bg 2. eo 3 989

Page

PELARGONTUM (cor.)
otites, E. Mey. 262
ovale, Burm. . 291
oxaloides, Willd. . 264

patulum, Jacq. 295
. 273
. 293

wm, EB. M. 289
pictum, Andr.» . . 281
pilosum, Pers.. . . 268
pinnatum, Z.. . . 269.
pinnatum, E. Mey. . 268
polycephalum, E. Mey. 279

polymorphum, FE. M: 276
populifolium, EB. § Z. 305

ve
pulchellum, Curt. . 281
pulverulentum, Colv. 272

Willd. . 264

ribifolium, Jacq... 05
rubrocinctum, Link. . 302

542

Page
PELARGONIUM (con.)

, hr. 298
scaposum, DC. . 291
schizopetalum, Sw. . 277
scutatum, DC. 293
selinum, Andr. . . 269

senecioides, DP? Her, . 288

* «270
setosum, E. Mey. 267,282
sibthorpiefolium, H. 301
sidefolium, E. § Z. . 300
spathulatum, Andr. 264
spinosum, Willd. . 298
spondylifolium, E. Z. 272

esa Z. 292
stenopetalum, Ehr. . 299
stipulaceum, Willd. 280
tabulare, L’ Her 296
tabulare, Cav. . . 295
tenuifolium, L’Her. 281
tenuilobum, E.G Z. . 295

i , Cav. . 306
ternatum, Jacy.. . 297
testaceum, FE. M. 273
tetragonum, L’Her. 286
theianthum, BE. & Z, 264
tomentosum, Jacq. . 335

| > Jacq. - 291

A tricolor, Curt. . 293
trifidum, Willd. 267

INDEX.

PHARNACEUM (con.)
cervianum, L.

Page

138

confertum, E. § Z. . 139

croceum, EL, Mey.
detonsum, Fenzl.
dichotomum, Z. .
diffusum, Bartl,
distichum, Thunb,
flaviatile, E. § Z.
glomeratum, L. f..
gracile, Fenzl.
incanum, Z.. .
lanatum, Bartl. .
lineare.

. .

lineare, Andr. .

142

- 140

141

- 150
. 148
« 141
- 151

142
139
139
140
140

Lichtensteinianum, R. § 8.

150

marginatum, Thunb. 147

microphyllum, Z.
mollugo, L. . .

139
151

mucronatum, Thunb. 146

patens, E.G Z. .
quadrangulare, L.
reflexum, E. § Z,
rigidum, Baril.

.

140

- 146

.

140
149

salsoloides, Burch. . 144
scleranthoides, Sond. 143
semiquinquefidum, H. 148

serpyllifolium, Z.
subtile, E. Mey.

142
143

teretifolium, Thunb. 144

trigonum, FE, G Z. . 138
verrucosum, E. G Z, 144
Zeyheri, Sond. . . 141
Poon 3a. |... 67
Ecklonii, Arn, . , 68
Mundtii, den. . . 68
Zeyheri, Arn, - 68
PN ices: £76
abietina, E.G Z, . 502
acerosa, Willd. . . 499

affinis, Sond.. . . 489
alpina, E.G Z. . . 495
ambigua, Sond. . . 486
apiculata, Sond. . 497
atrata, Licht, . . 494
atrata, Bernh. « » 494
axillaris, L. . . a 485
ce ae 498
brachycephala, Sond. 500
brevifolia, E.G Z, . 493

Lam, .

Page
PHYLICA (con.)

cryptandroides, Sond, 484
cuspidata, E. g Z, . 493
cylindrica, Wendl. . 491
cylindrica, E. Mey. . 488
debilis, E.¢ Z. . . 493
diosmoides, Sond. . 496
disticha, Z.g Z. . 500
empetroides, E,Z, 497, 500
ericoides, Lin. . 499
ericoides, E, Mey.

486, 499, 501
eriophoros, Berg. . 500
eriophoros, Th. . . 498
eriophoros, E. § Z, . 499
excelsa, Wendl. . . 488

" fulva, #.g5 Z. . « 488
glabrata, Th.. . . 499
gnidioides, Z. § Z. . 501
gracilis, Sond. . . 496
horizontalis, Vent. . 487
humilis, Sond. . . 495
imberbis, Thunb. . 493
imberbis, E.g Z. . 499
juniperifolia, E. § Z. 501
lanceolata, Thunb. . 500
lanceolaia, E. § Z, . 483
lasiocarpa, Sond. . 483
litoralis, Bernh.. . 495
lutescens, Sond.. . 484
Meyeri, Sond. . . 488
microcephala, W. . 499
microcephala, E. § Z. 500

montana, Sond. . 492
myrtifolia, Poir, .. 482
nigrita, Sond. . . 498
nitida, E. Mey. . . 488
oleefolia, Vent. . . 483
oleoides, DO. . 483
paniculata, Willd. . 482
papillosa, Wendl. 488

parviflora, Z. =" ‘.
parviflora, E. ;
. 483, 484, d69, 495
pedicellata, DO. . . 486
pinea, Thunb. 485, 486
plumosa, Thunb. .
plumosa, E, Mey.

plumosa, Lodd. . . 490
propinqua, Sond. . 496

§ Ath. ee: eh
pubescens, Lodd. 487

Page
Puryxica (con.)

rigidifolia, Sond. . 484
rosmarinifolia, Th. . 488
rosmarinifolia, Willd. 485
rosmarinifolia, E.M. 484
rosmarinifolia, Lodd. 485
rosmarinifolia, Schl# 486
rosmarinifolia, Lam, 500
rubra, Willd. . « 497
secunda, Thumb. . . 501
selaginoides, Sond. . 499
spicata, J. f. . . 491
spicata, B. M. . « 488
spicata, Lodd. . .« 483
squarrosa, Vent. . 487
squarrosa, E. Mey. . 489
stipularis, Z. . . 482
strigosa, Berg, 493, 498
strigulosa, Sond. . 498
tenuis, Spr. . . + 501
Thunbergiana, Z.M. 493
tortuosa, E. Mey. . 489
trachyphylla, Sond. 492
velutina, Sond. . . 487

. 485
virgata, Sond. .
Willdenowiana, E. Z, 486
PHYTOLACCEZ . 151
PHYTOLACCA Hifi . 156
abys . ica, 01
- dodecandra, L’ Her, . 157
heptandra, Retz.. . 157
stricta, Hoffm. pias | §
Pireunia (Phytolacca) 156
PITTOSPOREZ. . 443
PrrrosporuM . « « 443

i
.
64 ee
~
~~
oo

PouANISIA.. + =
dianthera, DC. . . 48
lutea, Sond. . . . 57
maculata, Sond. . . 58
oxyphylla, DC... 57

POLLICHIA cam is,

he Se awe

Poxpopa capensis, Pl. 148

Polyacanthus (Celastrus) 455

PoLycARPHA ‘as

. 157 |

INDEX.
Page
PoLYGALa (con.)
attenuata, Lodd. . 82
Beiliana, FE. § Z. . 111

borbonicefolia, Burch. 82
Bowkere, Harv. . 92
bracteolata, J. . . 84
brevifolia, Harv. . 90
Burmanni, DC. . 85, 94
Burmanni, E. § Z.. 84

calycina, Presl. . . 85
eapillaris, Z. Mey. . 93
cernua, Thunb. . . 85

cernua, E.G Z . . 86
ciliatifolia, Turez. . 87
ciliolata, Harv. . . 87
cluytioides, Burch. . 83
cordifolia, Thunb. . 82
declinata, E. Mey. . 91
decora, Sond. . . + 85
diffusa, Dietr. . . 94
Eckloniana, Presl. . 84

ericefolia, DC. 87
erubescens, E. Mey. 91
filiformis, Thunb 104
Garcini, DC. 88

istoides, DC 85
glauca, E. Mey. 82

glauca, E.G Z. ..« 88

pati Toy Lodd. . 88
Heisteria, L. . ‘

hispida, Burch. . . 91
hispida, E. Mey. . 89

lasiopoda, Presl. . 85
latifolia, Ker. «. . 82
laxa, é 113

leptophylla, Burch, . 86

ligularis, Ker. . - 83
linearis, E. Mey. . 88
longifolia, Presl.. . 85

D 89
macra, E. § Z. 87
macra, E. Mey. 86
macrantha, Twrez. 82
micrantha, Andr. 104
microlopha, E. § Z.. 87

Mundtiana, E.§ 2. 87
muraltioid:s, £. & Z. 111

PoLyGaLa (con.)
myrtifolia, J. . . 88
nummularia, Burch. 82
Ohlendorfiana, 2. Z. 91

oppositifolia, Bt ed
ovalis, E. Mey. . . 91
pallida, E.Mey. . - 93

Pappeana, E.G Z. . 89
paucifiora, Thunb. .
peduncularis, Burch. 84
_peduncularis, E.G Z. 86
‘phylicoides, Thunb. . 106

pilosa, Poir. . - 108
pinifolia, Lam. . . 83

polyphylla, DC.. . 94
polyphylla, E.§ Z. . 112
pubiflora, Burch. . 90
pubiflora, E.§ Z. . 85
pungens, Burch.. . 94
pungens, E.§ Z. «87
recta, Presl. . . . 87
refracta, DC.. . . 89
refracta, E.§ Z.. . 92
restiacea, HE. Mey. . 89
rhombifolia, E § Z. 82
rigens, Burch . .«

rigens, E.G Z. . . 88
rigens, E.Mey. . . 87
rosmarinifolia, E.Z. 84
seminuda, Harv. . 86
serpentaria, E.§ Z. 93
simplex, DQ. . +» -
spartioides, Burch. . 86
speciosa, Sims. . . 85
spinosa, IL. + + + 95
Sprengeliana, E. § Z. 85
squarrosa, Thunb. . 98
Steudeliana, E. § Z. 89
stipulacea, L.. » - 108
striata, Thunb. « 112
subulata, E. Mey. . 84
tenuifolia, Link.. . 88
tenuis, Dietr. . . 88
teretifolia, Thunb. . 83
tetragona, Burch. . 82
thymifolia, Thunb. .
tomentosa, Thunb. . 94
tomentosa, E. Gg Z. . 91

trinervia, Thunb. 111
triquetra, Presl.. . 85
wmbellata, Thunb. . 85
uncinata, Hochst. . 86

ancinata, E. Mey. . 88
venulosa, Dietr.. . 94

B.S Maes ve 40
Prostea (Sapindus) . 240

- 149
Pr#ROXYLON utile, EZ. 243
Pr us . . 461

cus, Meisn. . . 46)
variabilis, Sond. . . 462
Pulsatilla,
africana, E. ee
Putterlickia (Celastrus) 453
Papfagorearafescens, EZ. .
RANUNCULACEA} 1
Ranuncutus , 5
aquatilis, Z. 246
‘capensis, Thunb. . 7
Jluitans, L, 6
Meyeri, —_ 7
- plebeius, R., Br. . 6
‘pubescens, Th aca
rigidus, ars ° 6
Rawsonra . ?
GS... 67

3 eae
Rhaganus (Natalia) 369
RHAMNEA . Pet 45)

. - 476

capensis, Thunb... 477
Fete » Spr. . «2-0 £68
prinoides, Z’Her. | 477

_ tetragonus, - 467
Zeyheri, Sond...) 477
Zeyheri, Spr. . 230
Ravs Se aon : =
_ Cummata, BE. Mey, 514
/ Africana, afi. 7. 517
aglaophylla, B. § Z. 518

INDEX.
Page
Rus (con.)
Burkeana, Sond. . 514
Burmanni, DC... 513

celastroides, Sond. . 519

ciliata, Licht. . 519
concolor, Presl. . . 521
crassinervia, Pr., , 514
crenata, Thunb. . , 512
cuneifolia, Thunb. , 512

cuneifolia, E. Mey. . 513
decipiens, E, Mey. . 239
dentata, Thunb... . 513
denudata, Licht. . 514
denudata, BE. § Z. . 515
digitatum, Thunb. . 250
discolor, Z. Mey. . 507
dispar, Presl. . . 521
dissecta, Thund.. . 509
divaricata, E. § Z. . 508
Dregeana, Sond. . 516
» « 615

- 509

. 513

. 509

. 518

. 515

Eckloni, Pre...
elliptica, E. Mey.
elongata, Jacq. .
elongata, E. Mey.
erosa, Thunb. . 516
erosa, E. Mey. . . 239
excisa, Thunb. 518, 512

excisa, E. Mey 518
Sastigiata, E. § Z. . 512

Gueinzii, Sond. . 615
horrida, F.§ Z. , 520
humilis, BE. § Z.. 512
incisa, Lf. . . . 509
laevigata, L. . 514
lancea, ZL. . . 514
lancea, E.Mey. . . 516
lavandulefolia Pr. . 507
£. Mey. 339

longifolia, Sond. 522
ongispina, E, GZ. . 520
cida, Linn, . . 617
lida, Ait, . . , 513
lucida, E. Mey. 516
Magalismontana, S. 510
melanocarpa, E, Mey, 238
Meyeriana, Pr. . ”. 514

argyrophylia, Pr. ay |
atomaria, Jacg. . . 510 ed
bicolor, Licht. .

Page
Ruvs (con.)

nervosa, E.G Z. . 519
obliqua, E,M. 444, 446
oblongifolia, E. Mey. 240
obovata, Sond. . . 508
pallens, E.§ Z. . . 519°
paltida,E, Mey. . . 515
paniculosa, Sond. . 522
parvifolia, Harv. . 510
paucifiorum, Thunb, 241
pendulina, Jacq... 515
pendulina, E.§ Z. .

ilipes, Pr. . .,
Rgeods. E, Mey. . 520
plicefolia, E. § Z. . 519
populifolia, E. Mey. 508
pterota, Pr. . . . 520
puberula, Z.§ Z. . 511
pubescens, E, Z. 510, 511
pyroides, Burch.

rosmarinifolia, Vahl, 506
rosmarinifolia, Th. . 507
salicifolia, Pr. . . 522
ane oe
scoparia, F. ate

seytophylla, Z.§ Z. 517
sericea, E, Mey. . . 511

spicata, Thunb. . . 239
stenophylla, #. & Z. 507
subferruginata, Pr. . 508
tenuiflora, Pr. . . 518
Thunbergii, Hook. . 521
Thunbergiana, R.§ S 516
tomentosa, J. + 618
triceps, E. Mey. . . 520
tridactyla, Burch. . 516
_ tridactyla, E. § Z. . 516
tridentata, Sond. . 511
undulata, Jacq. . . 518
undulata, E. Mey. . 239
villosa, Le f.. .
villosa, Thunb. .
villosa, E, Mey. ,
viminalis, Vahl,
viminalis, Jaeq. .
Wildingii, Denh.
Zeyheri, Sond. . .
ia argentea, Th. 521
dentata, Linn.

‘S822

SaLActa (con.)
Kraussii, Hochst.
Zeyheri, Pl...

SAPINDACEZ .

SAPINDUS .. .

capensis, Hochst.

~ Pappea, Sond.
SARCOCAULON . .
Burmanni, DC. .
L’Heretieri, DC.
, Patersoni, DC. .
~~. ScHEPPERIA. « «

= ScHMIDELIA. .
= Africana, DC.?.
decipiens, Arn. .

ae z

Sourra
capensis, E. & Z.

capensis, Sond...

oblongifolius, Sond.

aphylla, E. ¢ 2.
juncea, DC. . 2 ‘ee

Page

. 230
. 230
. 236
. 240
240
. 240

240

.
.
”
i
*
.*
.
+”
o.
.

T. 464

. 525

. ATT

- 478 |

Commersoni, Brongn. 477

ScyToPHYLLUM .

obtusum, 7. GZ
oleoides, ae. g Sa

Natalensis, Hochst. .

laurinum, £. or

478
oe

— africana, R.

.

366

Pte te ogee

SEMONVILLEA ee
ic oerk

INDEX =

Spa (con.) ae
spinosa, E. Mey 167 |
ternata, Thunb 167
triloba, Cav. 167—
velutina, E, Mey. . 168.

C pargenteum,
Thunb. « . « 221 |

Sideroxylon mite, Ww. 4 ip
SILEND: 4 = a

anglica, I. . . iat
bellidifolia, Thunb. 126
bellidifolia, E.§ Z. 125
bellidioides, Sond. . 125
Burchellii, Ott. . . 128
caftra, Fenzl... . . 126}
capensis, Of. . . 125
cernua, Thunb. . . 128
cernua, Bartl. ee)
-clandestina, Jacq. . 127
colorata, Fenzl. . 129

— Constantiee, Bod Za 128
= Fee 199

. 197

. 126
. 126

Sor, Thunb.
ornata, Ait.
pilosellefolia, Ch. § Sch.

. 471 | recta,

; - SIsyMBRIOM (con.)

Spergula (Lepigonum) 134 —

Telephiwm (Orygia)
TEREBINTSO

lyratum, E. Mey.
—montanum, E. Mey.
Nasturtium, Linn. .

hirsuta, B. Gz. ;
ledifolia, E. § Z.
lutescens, E. G 2S

olecfolia, Brongn. .
paniculata, Brongn. 432 :
pedicellata, Brongn. 486 —

plumosa, Brongn. . 486 —
rubra, Bot. Reg. . 485 |
thymifolia, Brongn. 484
SPARMANNIA . ... 223
africana, L. eis '@ , 224 “ =
palmata, F. Mey. « Dae

SpERGULA arvensis, L. 185

Spergutaria (Lepigonom), |

prostrata, Harv.
Phat 2 falcata, Meisn. S25)
SrevariA media, Vill.130
STERCULIACEA — fade

32 | Steudelia (Adenogramma)
A Stipularia rubra, Haw. 181 -

Talinum (Orygia). . 136 ©
TAMARICINEA . 119.
TAMARIX .. +, 119

articulata, Vahl. ‘
orientalis, Forsk. .1
usneoides, E. Mey. . 11

ACE

Oa ela: 447
_ _hypericoides, Burch, 233
Trrpunus. . . . . 352
. B53

=a : _ TRIUMFETTA (con.).

4: Miona .) Sa

| Vittmannia (Noltea) . 478

~

% *

Page

Sond, . 228
Vahi . ..227
ABA Se Ss Eee dad
Jloribunda, Hochst. . 245
heterophylla, Sm. . 245
lobata, E.Mey. . . 245
obtusifolia, Hochst... 245
Turris, 2. . . . 22
Dregeana, Sond. . 22
Tylanthus (Phytica) . 482

velutina,

» 224
UVAgiE. 6 ee
caffra, Z.Mey. . . 8
Veprisi Juss. 447
. 73

Vitis (Cissus)

: Page
ZYGOPHYLLUM (con.) ~
cordifolium, Lin. . 356
cuneifolium, Z. ¢ Z. 359
debile, Ch. § Sch. . 361
dichotomum, Licht, 362
divaricatum, #. § Z. 360
Dregeanum, Sond. . 365
Dregeanum, Presl. . 357
Fabago, Thunb. . . 364
flexuosum, F.g Z. . 359
footidum, Schr. . . 364
FSetidum, E. Mey. 364
fetidum, BE. § Z. 361
fulvum, J. . . . 858
gariepinum, E. Mey. 363
gepomn, E. Mey. . 362
dum, Oh. § Sch. 362
horridum, B.g§ Z. . 365
incrustatum, Z, M@. 362
insuave, Sims. é 4
insuave, E. § Z. 36
- leptopetalum,Z.Mey. 363
Lichtensteinianum,
Ch..§ Sch. . 7. 868"
_ Lichtensteinianum, —
E.&Z.. « 864,860

* + 800
portulacoides, Forsk. 357
prismatocarpum, E.M.357
prostratun, E.Mey. 363
prostratum, Thunb. 366
pygmeum, FE. f+ Z. . 357
retrofractum, Thunb. 364

sessilifolium, ZL. . . 358
sessilifolium, Curt. . 359
simplex, L. .

i osum, L.. .