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CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE BOTANY OF INDIA.
By ROBERT WIGHT, M.D.

> Messrs Paxasvév, Atia andl Coo Lal
of a quarto size. The price is not &
if there be 150 subscribers.

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PRODROMUS FLORA
PENINSULA INDLE ORIENTALIS :

CONTAINING

ABRIDGED DESCRIPTIONS OF THE PLANTS FOUND IN
THE PENINSULA OF BRITISH INDIA,

ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THE

NATURAL SYSTEM.

. n Y

ROBERT WIGHT, M. D, F. L. S, &c.

MEMBER OF THE IMP, ACAD. NATUR CURIOSORUM,

SURGEON ON THE HON, EAST INDIA COMPANY's MADRAS ESTABLISHMENT ;

AND

G. A. WALKER-ARNOTT, A. M, F. L. S. & R. S. En.

rt t

VOL. I.

LONDON :
|. PARBURY, ALLEN, & CO.
MDCCCXXXIV.

OF DIRECTORS -

THE ENLIGHTENED AND LIBERAL PATRONS

PREFACE.

In the year 1768, John Gerard. Koenig, a native of Denmark, a pu-
pil of Linnzus, and an enthusiastic cultivator of natural science, landed
in India, as physician to the Tranquebar missions. His example and
instruetions diffused a similar taste among his companions, and hence
originated the botanical labours of the society of “ United Brothers.”
_ These men, so well known and highly esteemed in Europe for their dis-

interested exertions towards the advancement of Botany, studied the -
science as a recreation from the more important, as well as more labo-
rious, duties of instructing the natives of India in the wisdom of the
west, and of thus fitting them to become partakers of the promises of the
Gospel.

But although it may be said that scientific botany took its rise in - *
India from Koenig, the flora of the country had not been entirely ne-

glected by European botanists prior to that period, as the works of -

Rheede, Rumphius, Plukenet, the two Burmanns, and finally a large —

and well preserved, yet unfortunately almost unknown, collection of =

Indian plants in the Oxford herbarium, formed in the early part of the oo

eighteenth century, amply testify. e
The Hortus Malabaricus was undertaken 2 at the suggestion of Henry e
van Rheede, a Dutch Governor of Malabar; the specimens were col- —
lected in 1674 and 1675 by the Bramins, and sent to Cochin, where — —
drawings of them were executed by Matheus, a Carmelite and mission
ary: corresponding descriptions were at the same time made in the —
. Malabar language, which were afterwards translated into Portuguese by 2
Emanuel Carneiro, a Cochin interpreter, and from that into L ;
Hermann van Douep, the secretary to the city of Cochin: the wh e
was under the superintendence of Casearius, a missionary there. The — —
work was at length published at Amsterdam between 1686 and 1703, in —

12 volumes folio, with 794 plates, and was edited by. Commelyn, who — 2

_ has occasionally added remarks on the plants. The figures in general -

=e represent the habit so accurately, that there is seldom any difficulty in

. identifying them with the Hu they are e intended to represent ; n ;

E peu. PREFACE.

unfortunately, so Tittle has v our socie of the plinits of Malatiar ad-
e vanced since Rheede’s time, that several of his figures are at present re-

ferred only approximately, and consequently with doubt. In the pre-
sent volume, however, from our having obtained a considerable num- _
ber of species from the mountains about Courtallum, the vegetation of
which resembles in several points that of Malabar, we have been enabled
to decide upon many of them hitherto involved in obscurity. We have
to regret, however, that we have not been able to procure a copy of
Dennstedt’s Schluessel zum Hortus Indicus Malabaricus, published at
Weimar in 1818: it professes to give the botanical names for nearly all
Rheede’s plants, but from the slight examination we had once an oppor-
tunity of giving it, it appears to be a mere compilation, and to abound
in errors.

Leonard Plukenet’s works were published in London between 1696
and 1705, in 4 volumes quarto, containing 454 plates, with 2740 figures
of plants, many of them Indian. These figures are small, and often
much reduced from the natural size, especially when the plants were

. large, but are generally very characteristic: we have almost invariably
referred to them, because they are much less costly and more easily pro-
cured than those of Rheede. — —

The materials of the Herbarium Amboinense of George Everhard

... Rumphius, a native of Hanover, a physician and a merchant, and after-
.. wards consul of Amboina, were principally collected by himself, and draw-
.. ings and Latin descriptions made at the time. Having afterwards be-
. eome blind, he obtained the assistance of some young men in completing
the work, and translating the descriptions into Dutch : it was finished in
. 1690. Rumphius died in Amboina in 1706, from which time the ma- _
nuscript remained upwards of thirty years in the possession of the Dutch _
East India Company, but was at length rescued from oblivion by Pro-
fessor John Burmann of Amsterdam, who not only edited it between the
years 1741 and 1751, but has illustrated it with several remarks and i i
synonyms, besides giving a translation into Latin, for Rumphius original |.
. one appears to have been lost. This work consists of 6 volumes, with
a supplemental one or seventh not published till 17 57,and contains 696 _
-~ plates, representing more than twice that number of plants. The plates
.. are much less valuable than those of Rheede, but the descriptions on the -
EY contrary are much superior. Most of the plants are to this day very ied
| em _ We may nets state, that a most elaborate commentary on 1 the ‘Her, :
pes bárium Amboinense was commenced by the late Dr Francis Buchanan _
Ber . Hamilton, i in the Transactions of the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh ; $ d
Eos what is printed only extends to the middle of the 2d volume, but we |
= — that the remainder of the manuseript was presented. to the -

PREFACE.: ' ix

society before his death, and we trust that the publication will be ere long. =
continued. He had at the same time prepared a commentary on the
Hortus Malabarieus, which we believe is in the possession of the Lin-
nean Society of London: that on the three first volumes is all which has
yet appeared in their Transactions. From both these commentaries much
useful information may be derived, particularly from the latter, from Dr
Hamilton having himself explored a considerable portion of Malabar, as
well as the contiguous province of Mysore ; in many instances, however,
we fear that his conclusions have been obtained from incorrect data, and _
in such cases we ourselves do not hesitate to dissent from them.
The Thesaurus Zeylanicus of John or the elder Burmann, was pub- —

lished in 1737, with 110 plates, containing figures of 155 plants, which

are generally very characteristic and well executed. Although the
island of Ceylon does not fall within the geographical limits of our work,

the plants of both countries are often so much the same, that these plates

must be considered as a great auxiliary, not only in determining the
southern species of the Peninsula, but also in elucidating those of the
Hortus Malabaricus.

Burmann's work appears to have been principally drawn up fom spe-

-cimens collected by Dr Paul Hermann, who was sent out in 1670 (he
remained till 1677) to Ceylon, at the expense of the Dutch East India
Company, for the purpose of describing all the plants and spices grow- 3
ing in that island. Hermann’s Museum Zeylanicum was first published — —
in 1717, although it appears to have been written many years before ;
besides the plants of Ceylon, it contains many species collected at the —
Cape of Good Hope, unfortunately not distinguished from the others, à —
circumstance which afterwards led Linnzus into the error of considering

. them all natives of the East.

© from the colleetor having been so eminent a man, induced Linneus to

. . form many new genera, and settle many doubtful species. He pu

. - * Hermann’s herbarium had been lost upwards of half a century, until — —
~ chance threw it into the hands of M. Gunther (apothecary to the King ———
_ of Denmark), who sent it to Linneus, requesting him to examine it, and
. affix the names to the plants throughout the collection. Its. great value,

examine the whole with much attention, and he was thereby enabled to

the result of his labours under the title of Flora Zeylanica, sistens k
Indicas Zeylonæ insulæ, que olim 1670-1677, lectæ fuere a Paulo: Her-

. manno, Professore Botanico Leydensi; demum post 70 annos ab A.

. Gunthero, Pharmacopwo Hafniensi, orbi redditz. (Holm. 1747, 8vo.
pp. 254. tab. 4.) In an appendix, the new genera are concisely given

by themselves, copied from an academical dissertation published under cu

. . Linnsus' presidency, by C. M. Dassow. This appendix occupies 14 _

. pages out of the 254, and there are indices to the whole of the botanical, -

e plates, containing figures of 178 plants, tolerably executed, but much

2 ing to the Linnean system, are described about 1500 species, but the

- < PREFACE.

Malabar, Cinghalese, and offieinal names. This work is yet of use as a
pinax of these plants, and as a Linnean catalogue of Burmann’s Thesau-
rus Zeylanicus. The herbarium consisted of 600 plants, of which the
true places in the system are assigned to more than 400; the remainder
were too imperfect to admit of their being sufficiently determined.
This volume is rendered valuable by a concise view of the progress of
botany from the restoration of learning in the 16th century ; a natural
history of Ceylon, and its general produce; the life of Dr Hermann ; a
. short account of Hartog, who was sent by Dr Sherard to make collec-
. tions in that island ; and a sketch of Burmann's Thesaurus Zeylanicus.
Linnzus authenticates the herbarium by showing that the numbers and
the plants answer to Hermann's Museum Zeylanicum. On the death of
Count Moleke, who became the possessor of this herbarium after Gun-
ther, it was purchased by Sir Joseph Banks (for seventy-five guineas),
and still forms part of his immense collection. The specimens are -
miserably damaged and mutilated, but many of them retain the Cingha-
lese names annexed in Hermann's handwriting, and also generic names
and synonyms in Linnzus's. They occupy four large bound volumes,
three of which contain only Ceylon plants, and the fourth African and
Indian plants together; in all of them the specimens are placed without
regard to method, and apparently just in the order in which they were
eollected. There is a fifth volume, containing only drawings, which are
not ill executed (for that period), and which amount to about 400 in
number; but the same figure is in several instances given more than
once *.” "This herbarium, along with Sir Joseph Banks's other collec-
tions, is now in the British Museum: we regret that our distance from
the metropolis has prevented our consulting it, except for the elucida-
tion of the Leguminose and Balsaminez. It is well worthy the exa-
mination of any botanist conversant with the plants of the Peninsula or -
Ceylon, as it identifies many of Linnzus' species, of which he had no
specimens in his own herbarium, and which are involved in much ob- -
scurity, from his having adduced at the same time synonyms from —
Rheede, Rumphius, or Plukenet, of plants much at variance with each
other, and with what he himself had in view.
In 1768, Professor Nicholas Laur. Burmann of p aS son ie
the author of the Flora Zeylanica, published his Flora Indica, with 67

inferior to those in the Flora Zeylanica. In this work, arranged accord-

names adopted and the synonyms are frequently so erroneous, that it is —
scarcely entitled to rank among the scientific works of modern times ;

— * Pulteney's General View of the Writings of Linneus by Maton, p. 88.

PREFACE. xi

it is therefore more consulted for its plates than for its descriptive eha-
racters. His herbarium is now the property of Baron Benjamin De
Lessert of Paris, so deservedly styled by Agardh the “ Josephus Banksius
Gallorum.” Professor De Candolle, by consulting it, has been enabled
to point out, in his Prodromus, some very curious mistakes into which
Burmann had fallen.

With regard to the Oxford Collection of Indian plants, we have only
to express our sincere regret that we could not consult it thoroughly: to
do so with any kind of satisfaction, it would have been necessary, either
that we transported our own herbarium to Oxford, after our manuscript
had been completed, or that the custodiers permitted it, or the dupli-
cates only, to be sent to us to be examined while engaged in describing
our own specimens: the former was quite impracticable; the latter per-.
haps as much so. It is, however, to be hoped that some means may
soon be taken to bring it to the light; a very slight inspection satisfied
us that it contains many, as yet, undescribed plants.

It is unnecessary to notice here the labours of Thunberg in deed [^
the Flora Cochinchensis of Loureiro, as these eastern parts of India pro-
duce few plants in common with the district to which we are to confine
ourselves.

We have already observed that scientific botany in India Men
with the arrival of Koenig, a Danish physician : previous to this, plants had
been collected and transmitted to Europe, of which descriptions had been. — -
inserted by Linnzeus and others in their various publications; but until —
Koenig made his appearance, no one in India had studied the vegetation — —
according to the Linnean rules. His example was soon followed by many. — —
. eminent individuals : among whom may be mentioned Jones, Fleming, -
Hunter, Anderson, Berry, John, Roxburgh, Heyne, Klein, Buchanan —
Hamilton, and the venerable Rottler, the only survivor of the illustrious i er
group. Most of these formed themselves into a society for the purpose of — —
promoting Botany: plants were industriously collected thoughout all the- -
. Peninsula, as well as in Ceylon, and were not unfrequently examined. ;
and named by the society in common; to such was usually added the, 2
word “ nobis.” By degrees, however, their opportunities of meeti xc
grew less frequent, and their confidence in themselves greater, so that ees

Roxburgh, Klein and Rottler commenced attaching names without con- —

sulting with their friends : an interchange of specimens, however, still con-.
tinued, so that it was rarely difficult for the one to know what was in-
tended by the other. The value of such specimens was quiekly felt,
nor were they slow in transmitting them to Europe. Many of these
plants were published in different works, sometimes under the name gi- —
|. ven by the donors: in other instances the name was changed, sometimes —
zs ca the aden that what was considered by the Indian botanists) m

T d

xii PREFACE.

a mere variety, was in reality a distinct species ; sometimes on the still
cruder idea, that a plant named by one of the Missionaries must be dif-

ferent from another of the same name sent by some other of the society.
Frequently the change has been made without even quoting the original
name as a synonym, a practice which has created much confusion, and
given rise to great difficulty in unravelling the synonyms.

Koenig's collections and manuscripts were most valuable, and are, we
believe, still preserved among the Banksian collections in the British
herbarium. Many of his discoveries were published in the Supplemen-
tum Plantarum of the younger Linneus, in Retz’s observations, and by
Schrader ; others were recorded by Vahl, who appears often, either not to
have received names along with the specimens, or to have improperly
substituted others for them. It is to be regretted that no attempt has
been made to give to the world his descriptions as he left them; even at
the present day they would tend to throw much light on eastern bo-
tany.

Dr John was the founder of the Missionary Garden at Tranquebar,

into which were introduced many plants, chiefly of the Peninsula, but
also from Ceylon. Specimens collected in this garden appear to have
been diligently prepared, and a considerable number of them are in our.

collection, obtained from Klein's or the Madras herbarium. These we
have usually described, but always marked them as doubtful natives,
when we had no evidence of the same species occurring also in a wild
state.

The plants distributed by Rottler were in part characterised very im-
perfectly, by himself, in the fourth volume of the Nova Acta Acad. Nat.
Curiosorum of Berlin (Neuen Schriften der Berl. Gesellsch. Naturf.
Freunde) published in 1803. Others were described by Willdenow,
Vahl, and Smith ; and frequently a new name has been bestowed without.
any regard to that given by Rottler: this may have partly arisen from ob- -
serving that the specimens did not agree well either as to genus or spe-
cies with the short phrases published by him ; but European botanists
ought to have recollected that Rottler's opportunities of instruction were
not equal to theirs, and that even in their own works it seldom happens
that two descriptions of the same plant are so alike as not to lead some-
times to suspicions that distinct species might have been in view. An-

other cause of the change of names, and also of the different characters
given of the same plant, appears to have been the desire of naming,

Sa - determining, and describing species from solitary and imperfect speci-
= meng; without making any allowance for the immense variation in foliage,

“pubescence, and even general aspect, to which all Indian plants are sub-
ject. |
The specimens transmitted by Klein have been principally described by -

botanists of the present day, Mr Robert Brown. Death, however,
| . prevented his accomplishing this object, which he had so much

| mal instances it is difficult to penetrate the real meaning of the author:

PREFACE. | xiii

Willdenow. Those of Heyne by Roth, in his Nove Plantarum Species :
Heyne appears to have been rather a diligent collector than a practical
botanist; his collections were either obtained from, and were named by,
Roxburgh; or were made in Mysore and the southern provinces, and
the names attached by Rottler.

We ought not to pass over here the labours of Sonnerat and the other
French naturalists settled at Pondicherry : immense collections seem to
have been. made and transmitted to France.: These have not been de-
scribed in any regular form, but such specimens as were presented to
Lamarck, have been introduced into his Encyclopedie Methodique, a work —
from which, although its alphabetical arrangement renders it very diffi-
cult of consultation, particularly in those genera which have been much
subdivided of late years, we have reaped great information.

Dr William Roxburgh was the first to describe fully, accurately, and —
reduce to the form of a Flora, according to the Linnean system, the — —
riches of the East. During the earlier part of his career he resided in —
the Peninsula, particularly about Samulcottah, where he had ample op- —
portunities of examining the botany of the neighbouring Cirear moun-
tains. In the autumn of 1793, from his great merit, he was removed to _
Calcutta, to undertake the superintendence of the Company's Botanie —
Garden there: here he remained till 1814, adding new descriptions to —
his manuscript, when “ the illness which unhappily terminated in de-
priving the world of his labours, compelled him to undertake a voyage
for the sake of his health, which he at first intended should have been.
only to the Cape. His declining state of health, however, induced him-
to proceed as far as St Helena. During his stay in that island, he, ever.
attentive to the interests of science, improved the opportunity by de- -
scribing most of the plants he found growing there. After his arrival -
in England, whither he was at length obliged to proceed, he entertained -
considerable hopes of being able to put the Flora Indica to the press;
and once wrote to.the editor (Dr Carey of Serampore) that, in preparin
it for this purpose, he hoped to procure the assistance of one of the

heart." * :
© Previous to leaving India, several manuscript copies vof the Flora |

diea had been made; besides others, one was sent to England to. the |
East India Company, and another was left in the possession of Dr Ca- —
. vey: from these having been written by natives who did not. understand =
` ihe language, not a few various readings have crept in, so that in seve- B

__* Carey's preface to his and Wallich’s edition of the Flora Indica.

+

E E dus AR

owe: ‘mention this the more readily, because we have occasionally observ-

ed that foreign botanists, in translating passages from the Flora into
Latin, have, from not attending to the above circumstance, and from

= . mot correcting before translating, given a total perversion of the sense

originally intended.
<- Dr Carey and Dr Wallich edited and published the first volume (in-
cluding all from Monandria to the end of Tetrandria) in 1820 ; and the
second (containing nearly all Pentandria-Monogynia) in 1824 ; both are
enriched with many new species deseribed by Wallich :: no more of that
edition has appeared. At length Captains James and Bruce Roxburgh,
. sons of Dr Roxburgh, perceiving that new botanists were daily starting
up in India, whose labours might abridge the hard-earned and well de-

© served, although still hidden, laurels of their father, determined on giving

to the world the Flora Indica as left by Dr Roxburgh. This work is in
three volumes, and made its appearance in 1832: the first volume con-
tains from Monandria to nearly the end of Pentandria-Monogynia, and
corresponds precisely to the two volumes of the former edition, but omits
_ the new species added by Dr Wallich : the second includes the remain-

. der of Pentandria, and Polyandria-Polygynia, with the other interme-
. diate classes and orders: the third commences with Didynamia, and
. eonchides with Diccia. In the advertisement to the first volume it is

i: 4 stated that the work was to be completed in four volumes, while, from.

the preface to the third, we fear that it is already finished : the Ferns,
and the few species referred by Roxburgh in the Hortus Bengalensis, or
Catalogue of the Calcutta Garden, to Polygamia, are, however, still want-
ing. From this edition we have derived the greatest benefit : the third
volume only reached us while correcting the proof of the sheet contain-
ing Rhamnee, so that our elucidation of the Malvaceé may not be so
perfect as we could haye desired. The impression appears to have been
very limited, and few copies have found their way to Europe.

But not only did Dr Roxburgh describe the plants he observed, but
he had at the same time splendidly coloured drawings made of most of
them. These, upwards of 2000 in number, he presented to the East -
India Company: from them a selection of 300 was allowed to be made,
. . and ordered to be published by the Court of Directors, under the su-
|. perintendence of Sir Joseph Banks : this magnificent work, entitled The

. Plants of Coromandel, was commenced in 1795 and completed in 1816,

| in three enormous volumes. In the first, at t. 32, the plant named
—— Roxburghia is introduced, which has given rise to the following injudi- -
-cious remark by De Theis in his Glossaire du Botanique, p. 407. “ W.
Roxburgh, ‘Ecossois, a publié, en 1795, un ouvrage sur les plantes de la

. eóte de Coromandel, dans lequel lui-même a établi ce genre. C'est un -

. usage generalement établi, que les botanistes se dedient reciproquement -

PREFACE, xv

“des plantes; Roxburgh est le premier qui Fait fait pour lui-même :"
but this eriticism is incorrect, for the name was given not by Roxburgh
but by Dryander, under Sir Joseph Banks’s direction; Roxburgh, we
understand, supposed it to be the same with Stemona tuberosa of Lou-
reiro, to which indeed it appears to be very closely allied.

Copies of all the unpublished drawings were made on a reduced scale
by Dr Hooker. These, with that liberality for which our friend is so dis-
tinguished, have been placed in our hands, a circumstance which must
stamp a value upon our work which it could not otherwise have enjoy-
ed: they are accompanied by the temporary manuscript names attached
by Roxburgh, and not unfrequently also with the native name, and ex-
tracts from his then unpublished descriptions. Although, therefore,
Roxburgh afterwards has frequently given names in the Flora Indica
different from those under which he, had distributed specimens, or had
sent the drawings and descriptions to the India House, it has been in
our power in almost every plant to clear up his synonyms with satisfac-
tion. We trust our excellent friend will accept our thanks, thus pub-
licly tendered, for this most essential service.

In 1800 and 1801, Dr Buchanan Hamilton made a * Journey from
Madras through the countries of Mysore, Canara, and Malabar," under
the orders of the Marquis of Wellesley, “ for the express purpose of |
investigating the state of agriculture, arts, and commerce, the religion,
manners and customs, the history, natural and civil, and antiquities, in
the dominions of the Rajah of Mysore:" an account of his observations — —
was afterwards published in three volumes 4to; this work we have not —
had an opportunity of consulting. He has also introduced into his Com-
mentary upon Rheede's Hortus Malabaricus, published in the Linnean
Society’s Transactions, vols. xiii, xiv, and xv, descriptions of several |
new Peninsular species : of these we have availed ourselves. :

Leschenault de la Tour, a French botanist, who accompanied Bandia’s B

voyage to the Moluccas, Java, and Sumatra, appears to have been ap-
pointed director of the Botanic Garden at Pondicherry, and to have i
vestigated some of the southern provinces of the Peninsula: the plan 25
he collected seem, however, to be chiefly from the Neelgherries, and are —
principally published by De Candolle in his Prodromus Systematis Na-
turalis Vegetabilium.

In 1828, Dr Wallich, who succeeded Dr Roxburgh as superinterident
of the Botanic Garden at Calcutta, arrived in England with an enormous
number of specimens of plants, which he had been accumulating for se-
veral years. Here were collections made by himself and those along —
with him in the Calcutta garden, in Nepaul, in Singapore and Penang, in —

the Kingdom of Oude, Rohilctind, the Valley of Deyra, Martaban, Ava, —
&c.: ;ollections i in Silhet by Francis de Silva, i in Kamaon by Robert Blink-

2m by William Gomez, plant collectors under Dr Wallieh : in addition were

= ing India on the north, in the Himalayan range by Dr Royle, in Sirmore

RE ing not many duplicates.—Herb. Ham.
fes Herb. Roxb.

ues geon and naturalist to the mission which was sent to Siam and Cochin-
— China by the Bengal Government in 1821 : contains some du Me k

wa s — oo a —
"worth, in Srinaghur by Kamroop, in Tavoy and the Tenasserim coast

specimens collected by Heyne in the Peninsula generally, by Noton in
the Neelgherries, by Mooreroft in the more elevated mountains bound-

by Mr S. Webb and Dr Govan, in Silhet and Chittagong by Bruce, in
Pundua by Smith, and in Penang by Porter. Upon application to the
Company, Dr Wallich was permitted to put his generous wishes into _
execution, and to distribute the whole of these treasures among the
principal botanists of the present day, who were also invited to publish
. respectively different portions of them. Not only did. he direct this
. hereulean labour, but examined himself most of the materials, with the
view of forming a complete catalogue with numbers corresponding to
the specimens distributed : this catalogue or * List of dried specimens of
. plants in the East India Company's Museum," consists of 253 pages
folio, exclusive of the indices; it is executed in lithography, and was
written by Dr Wallieh himself. The distribution was originally in-
tended to be confined to what Dr Wallich brought to England along
with him; but other collections, and very extensive ones, were still -
.. lying at the India House : these also, at his request, were put at his dis-
posal. The following notice accordingly appeared at p. 60 of the Á"-
talogue.
. ...* Since the preceding sheets were printed, the under-mentioned her”
— barja have been added, from the East India Company's museum, to the
collection brought home by Dr Wallich, principally with a view to the
distribution of their duplicates. They will be indicated in the manner -
noticed below.
“1, An herbarium, collected chiefly in the Circars, W the late a
Patrick Russell, contains no duplicates.— Herb. Russell.
* 2. An extensive herbarium, from the Peninsula of India, collected
apparently by the late Drs Klein and Heyne, and by Dr Rottler: it con- -
tains many duplicates—Herb. Madras. :
4 3. A very extensive herbarium, collected in various Diod of Hin-
dostan, by the late Dr Francis Hamilton (formerly Buchanan): contain-

* 4, A small herbarium of the late Dr Roxburgh: no duplicates,—
“ 5. An herbarium, collected by the late Mr George Finlayson, sur.
Herb. Finl.

.* 6.. A most extensive herbarium, tollat in various pu of the
Peninsula of India, by Mr Assistant-Surgeon Robert Wight, lately. i in

. country and in Europe, interested in the promotion of science, between 700

/, that this collection may not be an unacceptable addition to the Museum

the celebrated Linneeus. We have therefore the honour, at the instance of

PREFACE. xvii

charge of the botanical establishment at Madras: contains a great num-
ber of duplicates——Herb. Wight.

“7, Several collections, forwarded by Dr Wallich to the Company’ s
museum, and including a vast number of duplicates. They will be re-
ferred to in the manner heretofore adopted."

Notwithstanding the great personal exertion made by Dr Wallich,
and assistance he had procured from others, his leave of absence, al-
though prolonged by the Company, proved too short for the accom-
plishment of his gigantic undertaking: the List concludes with No. 7683,
and yet it contains few Rubiaces, scarcely any Grasses, no Euphorbia- —
cee or Sapindacez, and almost no Asclepiadez or Terebinthacez. The
Asclepiadez have been since arranged and named by one of the authors
of the present work, but the other orders mentioned are deposited and
remain almost untouched with the Linnean Society of London: it is;
however, to be hoped that Mr Brown, who, we understand, undertook
the elaboration of the Graminez and Rubiacez, will ere long accomplish
their examination ; and our friend Dr Roeper of Bale, who was request- |
ed by Dr Wallich to describe the Euphorbiacee, is, he informs us, quite _
ready to commence so soon as a collection is laid aside and sent him -
for that purpose.

It is difficult throughout whether more to admire the indefatigable
and disinterested assiduity of Dr Wallich, or the liberal decisions of the
East India Company : the latter, not contented with what had been al-
ready done by them, after the distribution was accomplished so far as -
Dr Wallich's time would permit, concluded by presenting to the Lin- -
nean Society the entire magnificent collection laid aside for their own _
museum: but we cannot refrain from inserting in this place the letter on
the occasion from the Honourable the Court of Directors to the Viscount i
Stanley, President of the Society.

- © My Lon», East Invia House, 19th June 1832. z
** The Court of Directors of the East India Company have,
within the last four years, caused to be distributed to various bodies in thi

and 8000 species of plants collected by celebrated naturalists in the Com

pany's service, during a series of years, in India.
.. © The objects being attained for which the originals of these specimens ^
have been placed with Dr Wallich in Frith Street, the Court of Directors feel

of the Linnean Society of London, which already possesses the herbarium of

. the Court of Directors, and in the name of the East India Company, to prof-
. fer, through your Lordship, for the acceptance of the Linnean Society, the
collection in question ; and should the Council of the Society be pleased to

: ra effect to the intentions of the Court, the necessary directions will be gi-

folio, and contains 295 coloured lithographic plates, with a map of In-

xviii dd PREFACE.

ven to Dr Wallich to transfer the colleetion to the party who may be autho-
rised by the Council to receive the same. We have the honour to be, my
Lord, your Lordship's most obedient humble servant, ;

(Signed) * Joun G. RavENSHAW. |

ee C, Marsoripanks.”

It is scarcely necessary to add, that * the Council, in name of the
Society, accepted with feelings of profound gratitude the collection thus
proffered to them, and begged to assure the Court that it shall be held
as a trust for the general benefit of science." Cabinets were immediate-
ly ordered for the purpose of containing it, and already great progress
has been made towards its arrangement.

Dr Wallich, before leaving India, had commenced a Tentamen Flore .
Nepalensis Illustrate, intended to present a detailed description and a
lithographic figure of the principal plants of that country. Two num-
bers only have appeared, each of twenty-five plates, which, in addition
to their botanieal interest, deserve to be noticed as being the first at-
tempt at lithographic botanical plates in India, and executed by native
artists. But while in England, he planned and executed, amidst his
other engagements above alluded to, a work of a much more splendi
nature. This, the Plante Asiatic Rariores, consists of three volumes

dia, on which are delineated the different routes of the principal bota
nists: in the accompanying letter-press will be found some admirable
monographs, as those by Professor Nees Von Esenbeck on Indian Lau
rinee and Acanthaceze, that by Mr Bentham on the Labiatæ, Professo
Meisner on the genus Polygonum, and Von Martius on Restiaceæ.
* This is,” to use the language of Professor Hooker, than whom no one
is more capable of judging, “ his magnum opus, and that on which Dr
Wallich’s fame as a botanist may safely rest ; a work which, whether fot
the beauty or rarity and, interest of the subjects, the execution of th
plates, or the accuracy of the descriptions, is surpassed by no publica
tion of this or any other period. It is not possible to conceive how D:
Wallich can have accomplished so laborious a task, amidst all his other
important employments, but by the consideration that many of these
materials were completed while the author was yet resident in India.” -

We now proceed to mention the materials from which our own work
has been principally drawn up. By glancing the eye over the supple
mental collections enumerated by Dr Wallich, and noticed above, it may
` be observed that the sixth was made by Dr Wight, one of the authors
of the present volume. The specimens were obtained from various parts
of the Peninsula, as Samulcottah and the Rajahmundry Cirears, Madras,
Neelgherries, Dindygul mountains, and Courtallum. A correspon

PREFACE. xix

specimen and name (although unfortunately often without the precise
locality) was for the most part retained, when there were duplicates, so
that in most instances we have been enabled to identify our plant with
that mentioned in Dr Wallich’s List. At that time Dr Wight had the
charge of the botanical establishment at Madras, and was on the eve of
departure on a very extensive tour, calculated to occupy him nearly two
years, in which he intended to visit all the richest botanic districts in the
south of India, including the Malabar coast. But this, the only esta-
blishment in the Madras Presidency, was dissolved; the expedition was
thus stopped, and Dr Wight removed to Negapatam, in the neighbour-
bood of which the principal collections were made, which he has had in
his power to distribute since his arrival in England. His collectors,
however, in other parts have proved diligent, so that plants from con-
siderable distances, as Courtallum and Dindygul, have also accumulated
on our hands. Besides, a valuable collection of Klein’s and Rottler’s
plants was procured by purchase a short time before he left India; and
these specimens being named, have afforded us much assistance in clear-
ing up many doubtful synonyms in Willdenow, Roth, De Candolle, and
other authors.

Almost all our new species are from the mountainous distriets ; but,
notwithstanding, we are satisfied that our knowledge of them is yet very
limited ; so limited, that when the Neelgherries and Dindygul mountains
are properly explored, it is probable that a third or even more will be
added to the catalogue of Peninsular plants.

We are quite confident, on the other hand, that few or almost no
novelties occur along the eastern coast; the hawk eyes of the mission-
aries appear to have passed nothing there: yet every day we see plants
described as new species from these well explored parts. To remedy

this evil has been the most invidious and perhaps most difficult part of - oe

our task ; so different were often the descriptions given, and the genera
in which the plants were put, that it often required a stretch of imagina-

tion, and the seizing of some single remarkable point of structure, to

bring them together for comparison. When we had full descriptions —
-before us, as in Lamarck's Encyclopedie Methodique, we have felt more —

at home : in such cases we have not unfrequently found it advantageous —— — -

to picture the plant in the mind's eye from the description, and have —
been sometimes fortunate, in consequence, in discovering its true affinity ;
but having done this, before we could get it to quadrate exaetly with

. any of our own, we have been sometimes obliged to discard. part of the

description as erroneous, or taken from some other species. Our mo-
tives for this have principally arisen from the firm convietion that almost

. all the plants described by Willdenow, Lamarck, Vahl, Roth, and others,

.. from the Peninsula (or East India as it was usually termed by these ho-

xx EU Dor PRMPRUE

tanists), occur in some form or other either in the collections before u
or in those made by the missionaries; and we have been confirmed i
this view by numerous instances, in which we had authentic materials t
guide us ; sometimes we have found the descriptions so much at varian
‘with facts, that it was only by trusting to the correctness of the mi
sionaries, and we have almost invariably found their information trust
worthy when weighed with collateral evidence, that we could believe tha
the describer had the same species before him; in other instances the.
descriptions have been obviously strained and exaggerated, to exhibit
difference in words which does not exist in nature.

In the present volume, for which we are solely responsible, the d
seriptions having been drawn up by ourselves without any assistance b;
our friends, we have been careful, as far as possible, to exhaust the
sources above alluded to, before we attempted to frame a new speci
from the imperfection of the characters of the essential or invariable
parts given by most botanists, we have in some instances found it
yond our power to execute our wishes, and have marked such speci
with doubt. But grateful shall we feel to any one who may clear the
up, and point out what they really are: he will act a much kinder
towards the future botanist, and will contribute much more to the

. vancement of the science, who removes a host of the useless names t
encumber its pages, than he who, through a vain desire of seeing
name attached to that of a plant, shall contribute to the already too gre

confusion, by adding species which can neither be characterize
-words nor are substantiated by nature. It is, however, easier to prev
.mischief than to remove its evils.

Our second volume will be enriched by several valuable contributio
which we take the present opportunity of acknowledging, and for wh
we beg to return our sincere thanks to the authors. Professor De Can
dolle has already named for us the greater part of the Composite,
has communicated some valuable notes on the new species. Pro
Nees von Esenbeck has elaborated in Wallich’s Plante Asiatice R
res our Acanthacee and Laurinec, and is again revising for our use t.
part of his paper particularly referring to the Peninsula. He has li
wise transmitted us a manuscript. containing the description of the
lanee and Graminee, and is also at present engaged with our (
cee. The Labiate and Scrophularinee are under the care of G
Bentham, Esq. the able author of the monograph of the Labiate. —

Lindley is to take up the Orchidee, Dr Hooker the Filices, and
Greville the Alge. Professor Von Martius has already described, i
Wallich’s Pl. As. Rar., all our Restiacee, and Dr C. M. Meisner of Be

our species of Polygonum in the same work. It was Dr Graham's.
tention, as he had been entrusted with all Dr. Wallich’s, to contribu

-realia and garden vegetables ought to lead to such an hypothesis without

PREFACE. xxi

considerable portion towards our first volume by the elucidation of our
Leguminose, but when further delay was impossible, he, unfortunately
for us and for the botanical world, found himself prevented by other
numerous and more pressing avocations.

Our descriptions of the genera will usually be found detailed, while

those of the species almost always much exceed the Linnean rule of
twelve words. Species, however, have so multiplied since the days of
the Father of Botany, that it may be readily conceived that specific
characters, having to distinguish between more species than before, must
sustain a corresponding elongation ; but we readily allow that this is not
the principle by which we have been actuated. In a country of such an
extent as India, much novelty must still be looked for ; and our aim has
therefore been, in framing characters for the species, to exhaust every
essential point not common to the whole genus, and to exhibit the va-
rious variations of foliage and pubescence which have fallen under our
own observation: our characters may therefore be more properly called
abridged deseriptions, every thing superfluous or of no importance being
omitted. We trust, therefore, that when new plants are discovered,
their differences will be readily observed; and, on the other hand, we
hope that if a plant, although coming from a very different part of the
country, falls under our description, it will not be deemed necessary to
bestow on it a new appellation.

We shall perhaps be severely censured for cutting down species. . We
have all along considered it as trifling with nature to separate species on —
slight or variable grounds, nor could we ever understand the “ cui bono" —

for which so much ingenuity in splitting hairs has been wasted. Before —
we determined what was a species, we examined with care numerous
specimens from the same and different localities ; and so far we have had
an advantage over many other of the European botanists who have de- -
scribed Indian plants, they having only seen one or two isolated speci-
mens. Numerous observations too were made on the plants in their na- _
tural situation, the result of which went to prove, what we have fre-
quently endeavoured to enforce by examples throughout the present .
. volume, that no precise shape of leaf or quantity of pubescence is of any
. value, although both of these seem in each species to be limited wi: :
. eertain variations. With regard to varieties, we have seldom distin- -
. guished any unless well marked and tolerably constant; we are aware,
- indeed, that these correspond to what some naturalists call species, but
our own observations have convinced us, that varieties and forms, as
well as species, may be constant in similar situations, and even in wide-
ly different situations, for many years, if raised from seeds either obtained _
from the original locality or from cultivated plants; the cultivated ce- -

.

: le tone proof.

x a /— PREFACE.

The terms employed by us in our characters or descriptions are usual-
ly either purely English, or as close as their Latin etymology will per-
mit; in the latter case, we have often preferred spelling the concluding
syllable as near as possible to the Latin word, to adopting the more le-
gitimate rules prescribed for such cases by English grammarians, (thus
the Latin -osus, we have generally rendered by -ose instead of -ous), be-
cause frequently by the latter we should have had to adopt the words al-
ready employed in English under various senses, none of which are
strictly in conformity with our meaning. But all these terms are ex-
plained in the more common elementary works: one or two only occur,
which we have used restrietively, and these we shall here mention, be-
cause they appear to be applied by several distinguished botanists either
indiseriminately or differently from what we have done.

. Even, not torulose or undulated, and with a plane surface.
- Smooth, without asperities.

Bey Glabrous, without hairs or pubescence.

ER. Drooping, by this we mean in Latin pendulus, but we sometimes may have

: also employed the word pendulous.

. Free, not cohering with any thing; as the ovary and fruit in Sa/icariec. —
. Distinct, free from each other; as the carpels in Ranunculus.
. Evident, manifest or conspicuous.

In addition to these restricted words, we may mention one which we
have employed in the original but very wide sense, we mean pinnated :
De Candolle applies it only when the leaflets are jointed with the pe-

tiole, as in the orange and leguminous tribes; but we have found it
sometimes a matter of considerable diffieulty to determine, in the dried
Specimens, whether there be true joints or not: besides, the term pinnati-
sect, to imply a division of the leaf without joints, has hitherto been
scarcely, if at all, introduced into any English botanical work. The
words pinnated and leaflet, then, in this volume, have no reference to the
existence or non-existence of joints between the leaflets and the petiole.

Our synonyms may be classed under two heads; works constantly
referred to, and works only occasionally so. To the former belong De
Candolles Prodromus Systematis Natur. Vegetabilium (of which only

_ four volumes, the last concluding with Dipsacee, are published) :
. Sprengel’s Systema Vegetabilium, being the last catalogue, although in
. many points exceedingly incorrect, according to the Linnean system

. Roth's Nove Plantarum Species; Roxburgh’s Coromandel Plants, and
his Flora Indica, both editions: of plates without scientific descriptions,
Rheede' Hortus Malabaricus, Rumphius's Herbarium Amboinense, Bi

.. mann's Thesaurus Zeylanieus, and Plukenet’s figures, are quoted : and

.. 9f catalogues, Wallich's List already mentioned, and Wight's Catalogue,

. both lithographed for the purpose of accompanying the specimens dis-

_ tributed. The second class of authors we scarcely think it necessary

PREFACE. xxiii

to enumerate here; Linnzus, Vahl, Willdenow, Lamarck, and many
others, might be mentioned; these are only quoted when they have
bestowed a new appellation, whether upon a new species or an old one.
One very scarce work we regret we had no opportunity of consulting
while engaged with the Byttneriacee, we mean Schott and Endlicher's
Meletemata Botanica; but most of the new genera there proposed may
be classed among what St Hilaire calls transitory ones. In all instances
where we have seen and examined carefully an authentic specimen, either
in the author's own herbarium, or had a corresponding one before us
when we were describing the plant, we have affixed to the name of the
author a point of admiration (!), the symbol adopted by De Candolle to
denote what we have just explained.

It may perhaps be objected that we have not given native names ;
these we have intentionally omitted, partly for the reasons stated, and
in aecordance with the observations made by Dr Wallich at page 99 of
the 2d volume of his edition of the Flora Indica. “ I avail myself of
this opportunity for remarking, that the names which are given to plants
by the natives of Nepaul are in general very uncertain and fluctuating ;
and that I shall only make use of them on occasions when I have reason.
to be tolerably satisfied as to their correctness.” The soundness of which
is further proved by a remark of Dr Carey, at p. 415 of the same vo-
lume, in a note on the word Munko-khoshee. * The name here given
as a Newar name, is, in the extract of Dr Buchanan’s letter, written
Munko khoshee, and is one out of hundreds which might easily be pro-
duced, of the mistakes which constantly occur when persons unaequaint-
ed, in some measure at least, with the languages, set down words from
the mouth of natives. Dr Buchanan spoke only Hindoosthanee, and a
Newar man gave him, as a reply to a question Munko khoshee, a Hin-
doosthanee word, which means pleasure or delight to the mind. This

might be the Hindoosthanee word by which the tree is designated by —
the Nipalese, but it is much more probable the man only intended to —
say it was a delightful tree. The above mentioned circumstance, and ———
likewise the great number of native names of plants, seemingly obtained —— — —
with the utmost ease by other gentlemen who have merely run through

a eountry as collectors, (which however was not the case with Dr Bu-
chanan), added to the difficulty I have myself found in obtaining
names, and the uncertainty of those commonly obtained, fully dispose
me to coincide with the suggestion of my friend Wallich in his note at
the foot of page 99.” The supposed native names given to De Can-
dolle and Jussieu by Leschenault, along with the specimens collected by
him in the southern parts of the Peninsula, corroborate strongly the opi-

nion of Dr Carey: they are in general a mere burlesque on names,

meaning often that the natives had no name for the plant, or did not

“ade nee

sexual system of Linnzus, that we have thought it advisable, in the pre-
- sent work, to follow the natural arrangement: this will further afford.

roots, for the same plant, within a few miles of each other: in short, the -
natives seem to have no rule either for nomenclature or orthography ; -

uk jurious, nay even dangerous, to insert these names, unless the natives

know it : in. atier instances, it appears to have been not the name of the
plant, | but the name of the village near which it was found, which had
been marked down. Dr Wight has frequently received six or eight -
names, totally distinct from each other, and formed from very different -

they have no means of producing an uniformity of names, and very fre- -
quently confound one name with another, so that our inserting these
would only tend to mislead, in place of proving an aid in the investiga- -
tion of an unknown plant, by one unacquainted with botany. Owing to -
very different plants having the same native name, we have occasionally
known dangerous mistakes originate, by erroneously substituting active |
medicines when those of an opposite kind were intended, and vice versa. -
On these last grounds particularly, we not only think it useless but in- -

themselves shall have discovered some method by which a plant shall be -
known throughout by but one name, and that name shall be restricted
to the individual plant. "We cannot too strongly object to the practice
of some French botanists of our own day, converting these most un
meaning and usually harsh sounding names into generic ones; a prac
tice only to be tolerated in the case of plants well known, and already
rendered somewhat classical, by the figures in Rheede and Rumphius. .
_ As to the limits of our Flora, it will be found, on looking at a map,
to be very extensive : our intention was to include all the tract of country
that lies within the irregular-sided triangle formed by Cape Comorin,
Surat, and Rajahmundry ; or, in other words, from North lat. 8° to 21? on
the west coast, and to about 17? on the east; and from East longitude
73° to 83°. But the Malabar coast has been almost totally. neglected as
to botany since the days of Rheede; and notwithstanding our utmost
exertions, we have not succeeded in obtaining a single species from the
Bombay Presidency. According to the map in Dr Wallich's splendid:
work so often referred to, Col. Sykes appears to have explored the neigh-
bourhood of Bombay ; but we have no information about his collections.
It is to be hoped that some of the Company’s officers resident there,
when they know the great exertions that have been made in the other
Presidencies, and see the noble patronage which the Company affords
to science, will one day wipe away the stain. Our present information
is limited to the east coast, the extreme southern part of the west, and
the central southern provinces.
The uncertainty of the number of stamens in the genera, and often
also in the same species, of tropical plants, puts so much at defiance the

$ P: f.
PREFACE. xxv

the means of better illustrating the subject, by the introduction of many
collateral observations altogether incompatible with the Linnean classi-
fication. We adopt this arrangement the more readily, as, in addition
to the advantages it possesses for the above purpose, we are inclined to
believe that the facilities it affords for making out a genus hitherto un-
known to us, are nearly as great as that of the artificial system, while it —
conveys at the same time much more solid information. We allow
that it is usually much more difficult to determine the natural order to
which a plant belongs, than to discover the Linnean class and order;

but this diffieulty is more than compensated, by the facility with which,

when it is once overcome, the genus, even in large orders, is afterwards

fixed upon : besides, there is here an inducement to collectors to gather

the specimens in all states from flower to fruit ; and, indeed, it would be

often desirable that the specimens were destroyed, if incomplete, rather

than that they should fall into the hands of botanists who may give

a name, when a perfect description was impossible. In examining a
plant by the Linnean system, we have scarcely advanced one step when

we have discovered its class and order, but the difficulties to be sur-
mounted are now greater than before: on the contrary, when we have
ascertained the natural order to which our plant belongs, our difficulties

are on the decrease, and we have already acquired much information re-
garding its structure, affinities, and properties. As numerous observa-

tions and experiments have shewn that nearly similar virtues are found

in nearly all the plants of an order, we can thus, without advancing fur-

ther than the mere determination of the order, often ascertain the quali-

ties of imperfectly known or newly discovered plants. To a medical

man, a knowledge of such a system, it must at once be acknowledged, is

of the highest importance : the properties of one known plant guide him

to discover another, a substitute for it, in a country where the original
remedy cannot be procured; nor need he do this empirically, and with

fear or hesitation, but he can proceed upon fixed principles, and with
confidence. B
"The natural method having thus in view not the mere naming of ———
plants, which ean of itself be interesting to only a limited number of inc» — ———
dividuals, but the classifying them according to the groups which Na- — -
ture herself forms, or rather as Nature forms only species, according to -
the resemblance that one tribe of vegetables bears to another, as to ex-
ternal form, internal structure, and properties, we must consequently
conform as much as possible to her laws: and to know these we must
first attain a precise idea of the organization of plants, studying minute-
ly all their parts, and the functions of each. This knowledge, however,
may be obtained from any good elementary treatise *.-

me Ti ie js that by Dr Limdley, en-
Pedes Outline of th "Fou See of | meds Pri 1o. — ;

e

/

xxvi E PREFACE. |

But as this is the first work, arranged according to the natural system, 3
intended for the use of Indian botanists, whose portable libraries can ad- -
mit of but few publications on the subject, we shall take the liberty of
concluding this rather lengthened preface by the following short intro-
duction to the principles of the system and the classification we have
adopted, written by Mr Arnott originally for the seventh edition of the

Encyclopedia Britannica, and published in the fifth volume (p. 92) of
. that work.

k When different seeds taken from the same plant are made to germi-
nate, we have individuals not entirely agreeing in the shape of the leaves.
or the height of the stem; from which we may infer that characters de-
rived from these are of the least importance; and consequently, when
we describe species, we must use such with great caution. . But when we
rise a step higher, and group species into genera, we find so great a va-
riety in both the stem and leaves, that we are forced to look for charac-
ters elsewhere, and thus resort to the different parts of the flower; and
all genera are therefore founded on a consideration of these. When,
however, we come to examine a genus by itself, we shall find that per-
haps none of these parts are sufficiently constant, some species differing
from others in the number or shape of the sepals, or petals, or stamens,
or pistilla, so that we are obliged to eall into action not any particular
one, but a combination of the whole. While doing this, it cannot eseape
our notice that the more external portions, as the calyx, exhibiting:
more of the foliaceous origin, are less constant than the petals ; and these
again less so than the stamens; but the stamens and pistils having least
of the structure of the original leaf, are the most uniform : and henee
Linnzus, influenced principally however by these being the true sexual
organs, adopted the stamina and pistils as the basis of his system, Now
in many natural genera, plants differ from one another only.specifically
although there happen to be a difference in the number of parts of the
reproductive organs; so that number, not being at all times sufficient to
constitute a genus, can still less be relied on for a higher division. The
structure must thus be considered, and this we not only find common to
the species of a genus, and even often to different genera so allied in as-
pect, that at first we might consider them all as one great genus; and
such great genus being in faet an order, we are led, while defining it, to
place considerable dependence on the strueture of the anthers, but more
especially on the fruit, the ultimate metamorphosis of the primary leaf.
But on comparing together two or more orders otherwise very closely
allied, we often perceive very different structures of the fruit, so that, in
search of something more fixed, we are compelled to dip still deeper in-
to the economy of the plant and examine the seed. Here, indeed, we

PREFACE, : xxvii |

find a great diversity in the external form; but on scrutinizing the inte-
rior, particularly the embryo, or the very rudiment of a new plant, we find
only £wo modifications ; and each of these, after having opened different
seeds, we perceive to be constant to a very great class of plants united
together, whether by the structure of the fruit, the number of stamens,
or by the flower, or by the anatomy of the stems, or by the leaves.
These modifications of the embryo, resting on there being one or two
cotyledons, must thus form the groundwork of a natural method : it was
already foreseen by Linnsus, but was demonstrated by Jussieu. We
only here allude to those plants in which a seed and embryo exists; for
- the very principle from which we started implies their existence. A pri-
mary division, then, pointed out by nature, is therefore obviously into
those with flowers, and those that have none, or into those which have
seeds and an embryo, and such as have neither true seeds nor an embryo.

We have thus a division into Exrembryonate and Embryonate vege-
tables. The former having no embryo, can have no cotyledons, and are
often termed Acotyledones ; their stems do not appear to present spiral
vessels ; hence they are also called Cellulares, and are distinguished into
those which have tubular vessels or ducts, Ductulose, and those without
ducts, Eductulose. De Candolle, however, and some other eminent bo- :
tanists, arrange the Ductulose with the Vasculares.

The Embryonate vegetables, possessing true spiral vessels, and hence
called Vaseulares, divide into those with one, and those with two coty-
ledons, which was no sooner fixed than many corresponding differences
of structure became perceptible. Thus Monocotyledones shew a radicle
that projects the root through a covering. The divisions of the flower
are ternary ; the leaves are curvinerved, primarily alternate or spiral,
but indicating a disposition to become opposite at the summit of the -
plant ; the stem is cylindrical, and increases in diameter from within by
an expansion of the vascular fibre. The Dicotyledones, on the contrary,

have opposite cotyledones ; the radicle of the embryo becomes a root by — — ; ct
mere development; the division of the flower is usually quinary; the —

leaves are angulinerved, and primarily opposite or verticillate, with a

tendency to become alternate towards the inflorescence; the stem is co- — (T

nical, with a bark, both increasing by concentric layers, the stem from
without, the bark from within *. coda a
. Having thus attained primary divisions with important and constant —

* To these, as to all general rules, exceptions occur. Thus sometimes, as in the Dico-
tyledones, the embryo is not distinguishable into cotyledons and radicle: but one of the
most remarkable cases is to be found among parasitical plants, in several of which, although
the number and structure of the parts of the flower obviously mark them as belonging
either to the Monocotyledonous or Dicotyledonous vegetables, the seed appears to be al-
most or quite homogeneous, and the stems perfectly cellular (without ducts or spiral ves-
sels), as in the Acotyledones. f sc " dB à;
c2

^. merely to the one that precedes and that which follows it, but approaches

^ bol
a

(0 XXvill | PREFACE.

characters, we are now to proceed to subdivide these into orders; but
in doing this must observe, that though it be quite possible to group
genera into orders, and to place these orders into one of the great divi-
sions above given, it is almost impracticable to place them satisfactorily
one after the other so as to constitute a book. Each order is not allied

more or less to several others. In arranging them, then, in a linear se-
ries, all that we can attempt is to place those next each other that have
common characters of most value or of greatest number; and as the -
value and number of these are added to or diminished by the discovery -
. of new plants and modern analyses, we must expect daily changes to :
take place. In this consists the difficulty of the natural method, when :

` compared with a purely artificial one ; but these difficulties are from —
time to time smoothed down, so that ultimately it will be viewed as the —
only useful one, while the artificial system will be almost entirely ne- -
glected, except by those whose desires extend no farther than to make
out the name of a vegetable.
Jussieu considered the whole floral envelopes of the Monocotyledones

as a calyx, whether coloured or green ; and observing that a portion of the
Dicotyledones were also destitute of a corolla, he laid hold of this t
divide them into two parts, as had been already done by Tournefort : at
the same time he separated those with a corolla into one and many- -
petaled. These sections, however, being artificial, cannot be entirel
depended on in practice, many species belonging to a polypetalous or-
der having the corolla abortive ; while again, as in the Pentapetaloidex of
Ray, several of those with a polypetalous corolla have the ungues or claws
united, so that it is in reality a monopetalous one, although arranged
with the other. Linnæus had already introduced the mode of insertion .
of the stamens to distinguish his class Icosandria from Polyandria ; and.
such bringing together plants tolerably nearly allied in other respects,
Jussieu extended the idea, and having observed that stamens not hypo-
gynous were either perigynous or epigynous, he made use of these three
characters to subdivide both the Monocotyledones and each of the sec-
tions of the Dicotyledonous plants. Only one of these he found neces-
sary further to divide, in order to separate the class Syngenesia of Lin-
næus from those approximated to it in several other characters, but of a
different habit or appearance, and had here recourse to the union or sepa-
ration of the anthers. These ultimate subdivisions he termed classes, and
to the end of them he appended one consisting of such Dicotyledones

. 8s had the flowers unisexual, and were therefore principally contained in
the 21st, 22d, and 23d classes of Linneus. We may here remark, that
the stamens and corolla have always the same insertion, and that when

a corolla is gamopetalous, or, in common language, monopetalous, the
i 3 i

PREFACE. xxix

cause that unites the petals often also makes part of the filaments adhere
toit. Among the monopetalous plants, then, to prevent confusion, Jus-
sieu, instead of saying that the stamens were hypogynous or perigynous,
speaks of the insertion of the corolla; and, with these remarks, we may
now present the fifteen classes of Jussieu.

I.—COTYLEDONS none.
Class 1. Acotyledones.

II.—MONOCOTYLEDONFS.
2. Monohypogyne, stamens hypogynous.
3. Monoperigyne, stamens perigynous.
4. Monoepigyne, stamens epigynous.

III.—DICOTYLEDONES.

$ 1. APETALÆ.
. Epistaminee, stamens epigynous.
. Peristaminee, stamens perigynous.
. Hypostaminee, stamens hypogynous.

*
aI or

$ 2. MoNorETALX.

8. Hypocorolle, corolla hypogynous.
9. Pericorolle, corolla perigynous. :
10. Epicorolle synanthere, corolla epigynous, anthers united.
11. Epicorolle corisanthera, corolla epigynous, anthers free.
$ 3. POLYPETALÆ.

12. Epipetale, stamens epigynous.
18. Peripetale, stamens perigynous.
14. Hypopetale, stamens hypogynous.

$ 4. DICLINES.
15. Diclines, flowers unisexual, or without a perianth.

Such was the groundwork of the system which, though in some re- T

spects artificial, was instantly perceived to bear the palm from all that pre- - -
ceded it; and this, without any alteration, is still adhered to in France

by many of the most eminent botanists. Jussieu originally prefixed 1 no
names to his classes, and the want of this was much objected to.. Those
which we have given have been lately proposed by Antoine L. de Jus-
sieu in the Dictionnaire des Sciences Naturelles ; and, although not en-
tirely in unison with the principles of the Greek language, may be
adopted as extremely useful, each being so framed as to suggest the
structure of the class. Thus the commencement Mono, indicates the

Monocotyledones. .Epistaminee, &c. having in no part any allusion to a

corolla, suggests its absence. Hypocorolle, and the others, allude to the — eos

.. in which the petals are united, and others where they are quite abortive;

XXX PREFACE.

corolla being of one piece, and not of distinct petals, which last is point- |
ed out by names, Epipetale, &c. The other parts of the names, epi a
(upon), peri (around), and hypo (under), need no farther explanation.

While engaged in the study of plants alone, it is obviously of little
consequence whether we begin, as Jussieu did, by the Acotyledones, or
by the Dicotyledones; but if we view botany as a science that treats of
only one of the great kingdoms of nature, and wish to introduce it into
a Systema Nature, we must bring those portions of each most closely
together which are most nearly linked. So that if we commence by -
Zoology, we must first describe the Mammalia, and end by those of a
simpler structure, and then take up the most allied of the Acotyledones,
and follow the steps of Jussieu. But if we describe vegetables in the
first place, we must begin with the Dicotyledones, and finish with the
Acotyledones. When, however, a Systema vegetabilium is contemplated
without reference to animals, it may perhaps smooth the way to the stu-
dent if it commence by those more obvious, and, though of more com-
plex formation, yet more simple to be comprehended. On this account -
De Candolle has reversed the arrangement of Jussieu.

_ We have said that in some respect the system of Jussieu is artificial, —
and therefore his orders need not necessarily follow each other precisely
as he has left them. De Candolle accordingly divides the Dicotyledones
into Thalamiflore, or those whose petals are distinct and hypogynous ;
Calyciflore, having the petals either distinet or united, but always in
serted on the calyx; Corolliffore, with the petals united, and hypogy-
nous, and bearing the stamens ; and Monochlamydee, with a simple pe-
rianth or perigonium. Moreover, he derives his characters for all these
united, not from the cotyledones, but from the structure of the stem,
and terms them Exogene ; and in a similar way he calls Monocotyle-
dones by the name of Endogense, with this alteration, that he supposes |
the ferns and allied plants, which we have termed Ductulose, to have -
the same structure of a stem as the Monocotyledones, and therefore di-
vides the Endogenz into Phanerogame and Cryptogame. The other |
Acotyledones named by him Cellulares, from their entire homogeneity
of cellular tissue, conclude the system.

We ourselves shall follow pretty closely that given by De Candolle,”
because, from his publishing a book containing all the known species ar
ranged according to it, it is almost the only one that can be of use to a
student ofspecies. But while we do so, we shall subdivide his groups
in the manner recommended by Jussieu: this will assist the inexpe-
rienced botanist in referring to the orders, but must not be implicitly |

trusted to; thus among the orders with several petals, examples occur

in some orders with hypogynous stamens, genera may occasionally be

PREFACE. CHAT]

mentioned with the stamens perigynous: but these anomalies are not
more exceptionable than in the Linnean system, where genera meet at
every step containing species with a very variable number of stamina

. and pistilla, and which therefore ought strietly to be inserted in widely
different classes and orders. We shall depart also from De Candolle's
views in another respect, and retain the Cryptogamous vegetables as an
entire division. The following is a sketch of the arrangement we have
adopted in the present work.

A. DICOTYLEDONES, Jussieu.—ExocEN, De Candolle.
I. THALMIFLORJE, DC.—Cl. 1. Hypopetale, Juss.

I]. CALYCIFLOR&, DC.
Cl. 2. Peripetale, Juss.
3. Epipetale, Juss.
4. Epicorolle corisantheree, Juss.
5. Epicorolle synantherz, Juss.
6. Pericorolle, Juss.

HI. COROLLIFLORJE, DC.—Cl. 7. Hypocorolle, Juss.

IV. MONOCHLAMYDE, DC.

Cl. 8. Hypostaminese, Juss.
9. Peristaminese, Juss.
10. Epistaminese, Juss.

§ 1. Angiosperme.

11. Diclines, Juss. $2. Gynon:

B. MONOCOTYLEDONES, Juss.—Enpocena PuawERocAM, DO. ——

Cl. 12. Monoepigyneæ, Juss.
13. Monoperigynæ, Juss.
14. Monohypogynæ, Juss.

*

C*. Cl. 15. ACOTYLEDONES, Juss.

$ 1. Ductulosee, Arn.—Endogenæ Cryptogame, DC.
$ 2. Eductulose, Arn.—Cellulares, DC.

-

.. * Between the Monocotyledones and Acotyledones, Schott and Endlicher have lately in-
stituted a fourth division, under the name of Rhizanthew, to comprehend those parasitical
plants which have a truly cellular stem and a homogeneous seed, but at the same time flow-
ers with stamens and pistils. This group has been admitted by Mr Lindley im his Nixus -

E Plantarum. Some of the genera belonging to it have however, although the stem be cel-

É lular, bracteas with a structure similar to the Dicotyledones, and, on the other hand, seve-

ral plants which no one would think of removing from the Dicotyledones, as Eugenia and

Penea, have the cotyledones conferruminated, or, in other words, the seed perfectly simple
. 8s in the Acotyledones, ;

C xxxiii )

PRINCIPAL ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THIS
VOLUME.

Ainsi. mat. med. Hind.—The first edition of Dr Arnstıe’s Materia Medica of
the Hindoos, contains some valuable remarks by Dr Rottler.

Andr. bot. rep.—The Botanist's Repository, by Henry AnpREws.

Ann. bot.— Annals of Botany, by Kornte and Sims.

Ann. mus.—Annales du Museum.

Ann. sc. nat.—Annales des Sciences Naturelles.

Barrel. ic.—Plants; per Galliam, Hispaniam et Italiam observata, by J. Bar-
RELIER. Edited by Ant. de Jussieu.

Benth.—M. Bentham arranged Dr Wallich's Balsaminez, Labiatee, Melasto-
maces, &c.; he is at present engaged with a laborious monograph of the
Labiatee of the whole world.

Blum.—C. L. Brume is the author of the Flora Java (fl. Jav. ), and Bijdra-
gen tot de Flora van Nederlandsche Indié ( Bijdr. Ned. Ind. ), besides
other works. 3

Bot. mag.—Cvnris' Botanical Magazine; formerly conducted by Sims, now _
by Dr Hooker.

Bot. reg—Ker’s Botanical Register, now conducted by Professor Lindley.

Brongn.—Adolphe Bronentart: his memoir on the Rhamnes is what we - 2

have referred to.

Br. (or R. Br.)—Robert Biwi Esq., the first botanist of this or of any : :

other age: his publications are too numerous to be detailed. i
Burch.—William J. BuncngLL, Esq., an eminent South African traveller = =
botanist. + ao

Burm, Ind.—Flora Indica, by N. L. Burmann.

Burm. Zeyl.—Thesaurus Zeylanicus, by John Burmann. e

Camb.—J. Camsrssenes, the author of some valuable papers in the Méxdi E:
du Museum: as those on Sapindaces, Elatineæ, &c.

Cav. diss.—Monadelphire classis dissertationes decem, by Ant. Jos. Cavan
LES.

Cham. and Sehlecht.—Adalb. v. Cuamisso and Dietr. v. ScurecnTeNDAL have
published conjointly some excellent botanical papers in the Linnea, a
journal edited by the latter.

Chois.—J. D. Cnoisv, who elaborated the Hypericine and Guttifere for De
Candolle’s Prodromus, and is at present engaged with the Convolvulaces
for the same.

Colebr.—Henry T. Corznrooxe, Esq. has published several memoirs in the

2 i Grah.—Dr Robert Gnanam, Professor of Botany at Edinburgh, who assisted -

indir ABBREVIATIONS.

Linnean Society's Transactions, and in the Asiatic Researches : some of.
his botanical discoveries are noticed in Roxburgh's Flora Indica.

Corr.—Jos. Correa de Serra, the author of some acute botanical papers.

Coult.—Thom. Courter, Esq.; he described the Dipsacem for De Candolle’s
prodromus.

DC. Prof. Aug. Pyr. DeCanvorie, well known as an accomplished and inde-

— . fatigable botanist : the principal works published by him, to which we
have had occasion to refer, are the Regni Vegetabilis Systema Naturale
(reg. veg. ), Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis (prod.),
Plantes Grasses (pl. gr.), and Plantes rares du jardin de Geneve (pl.
rar. hort. Gen.)

DC. ( Alph. )—Alphonse DzCawpoLLE, son to the above mentioned; he is
the author of a short memoir on Dr Wallich's Anonaces, and of a
Monograph of the Campanulez.

Denh. & Clapp. trav.—Travels in Africa by Captains Dennam and CLAPPER-
ton: the Botanical appendix is from the pen of Mr Brown.

De Less. ic. sel.—icones selectze Plantarum, quas in Systemate Naturali de-
seripsit DeCandollius, by Baron Benj. DELESSERT,

Desr.—Desrousseaux ; he wrote several articles for Lamarck’s Encyclopedie.

Desv.—N. A. Dzsvavx, a French botanist, author of the Journal de Bota-
nique, and several interesting papers in the Annales de Sc. Nat., &c.

Dill. Elth,.—Jo. Jac. Dittentus ; his Hortus Elthamensis is here referred to.

Don. prod. ft. Nep.—Prodromus Flore Nepalensis, by D. Don, Esq.; he has
also published many other papers in the Transactions of the Linnsean and

_. Wernerian Societies, and in various periodical works. :

on, (G.) in Mill. dict.—George Don, Esq. brother to the above mentioned,
is the editor of a new edition of Miller's Dictionary, arranged according
to the natural system : this work contains all the species in De Candolle's
Prodromus, and a considerable number of others.

Duch.—Ant. Nicol. Dvcnzssg, author of the Histoire Naturelle des Fraisiers:
he also wrote some articles for Lamarck's Encyclopedie.

Dun.—Mich. Felix Dunar; author of the Histoire des Solanum, Solanorum
generumque affinium Synopsis, and Monographie de la Famille des An
nonacées, besides other memoirs. x

Flem.—Dr John Fiemine, President of the East India Company's Medical
Board in Bengal : he published several papers in the Asiatic Researches

Gertn. fr.—Jos. Gauxtner, the well known author of the De Fructibus et
Seminibus Plantarum, in 2 vols: his son, Car. Frid. Garver, has pub-
lished a supplement, or third volume.

Ging.—Baron Gincins de Lassarez, of Berne, who deseribed the Violariex
for De Candolle’s Prodromus.

. . to name, and has undertaken to describe, Dr Wallich’s Leguminosæ.
. Ham.—Dr Francis Hautvrox (formerly Buchanan) ; he has published pa pers
in the Linnean Society’s Transactions, and elsewhere, besides his Jour-

ney to Mysore. Many of the specimens collected by him in the Peninsul
were presented to Smith, Banks, and Lambert: those from Nepaul were
| principally given to Lambert, and form the groundwork of Don's Pro-
dromus : finally, those from the other parts of Bengal were deposited in th

TN

ABBREVIATIONS. XXXV

East India Company’s Museum, and form the third collection mentioned
by Dr Wallich (see above at p. xvi.) ; a corresponding selection from
these last, retained for his own use, has, since his death, been present-
ed by the Company to the University of Edinburgh.

H. B. K.—The well known symbols of Humsotpr, Bonrrann, and Kuwru,
authors of the Nova Genera et Species Plantarum Æquinoctialium Orbis

novi.
Herb. Banks. Jede
"egg These allude to the names given to the plant in
Klein (or Madras). i : ;
Rottler. the Herbaria of the respective botanists men-
Smith, &c. tioned, or to species named by them.

Hook. bot, misc.—Dr W. J. Hooker, Professor of Botany at Glasgow: the
work here referred to is the Botanical Miscellany, in 3 vols., with 153
plates : it is now continued under the title of Journal of Botany. This
is only one of the very numerous works published by our excellent
friend.

Jack, Mal. mise.—Dr William Jack, a most dintinguished botanist, besides
other memoirs in the Linnean Society's Transactions, published two
highly valuable papers on Penang plants in the Malayan Miscellanies :
the extreme difficulty of procuring this work in Europe, has induced Dr
Hooker to publish the first part in his Bot. Miscellany ; the second is,
we believe, to appear in the Journal of Botany.

Jacq.—Professor Nic. Jos. von Jacquin published many works: those to
which we have principally had occasion to refer are, the Hortus Botani-
cus Vindebonensis (hort. Vind.), and his Icones Plantarum Rariorum (ic.
rar.)

Juss.—Bernard de Jussigu was the author of the Genera Plantarum secun- |.
dum ordines naturales disposita ; this is the work to which we have made
so frequent reference at the head of the orders and genera. It was re-
vised and made fit for the publie eye and published by his nephew Ant. -

~ Laur. de Jusstzv, who has, in addition, given to the world many pro-
found botanical treatises of his own, in various scientifie works pub-
lished in Paris.

Juss. (Adr.)—Adrien de Jusstgu, son of Ant. L. de Jussieu has already elu-

eidated some very difficult natural orders of plants, as the Euphorbia- : z cud

ces, Rutaceæ, Meliaces, besides various isolated genera.

Koen.—John Gerard Korwie, whom we have already noticed a few pages m E

Cos bak,

Lam.—Jo. Bapt. Monet de Lamarex, is principally known as the editor. of
the botanical part of the Encyclopedie Methodique (ene. meth.): the
plates accompanying that work are usually styled Illustrations de Genres
(Lam. ill.) : his rich Herbarium has been purchased by Professor Roeper ;
of Bale.

Lesch.—LssongNAULT de la Tour: we have already mentioned that his eollec-
tions are being described by De Candolle in his Prodromus.

L'Her.——Char. Louis L'Hzmrmrigg de Brutelle: we principally refer to his
Stirpes novee aut minus cognite.

Lindl.—Dr J. Linpury, Professor of Botany in the London University, author
of many valuable works.

o
"3 = “ABBREVIATIONS.

me Linnzvus, the well known founder of botanical science. W:
"have principally had occasion to refer to his Species Plantarum (sp.),
. Mantissa Plantarum (mant.), Flora Zeylanica (fl. Zeyl.), and his manu-
script notes in Hermann's Herbarium (herb. Herm.). His son published

-a Supplementum Plantarum (suppl.), to which we also often allude.

Linn. soc. trans.—Transactions of the Linnean Society of London.

Loefl.—Peter LogrriNo, an eminent and favourite pupil of Linneeus.

Lour. Coch.—Jo. de Loureiro, author of the Flora Cochinchensis.

Mart. —Carl Phil. Fr. Martius: he has published, besides other minor u-—
Genera et species Palmarum Brasiliensium, and Nova genera et species
Plantarum Brasiliensium, both very splendid.

Mem. mus.—Memoires de Museum d'Histoire Naturelle.

Moons Ceyl. pl.—This is an excellent and useful catalogue of Ceylon plants:
there are no descriptions.

Moris. hist.—Historia Plantarum Universalis, by Robert Morison.

Pers. syn.—Synopsis Plantarum, seu enchiridion Botanicon, by Christ. Henr.
Persoon: the more scientific parts of the work were by Louis Cl.
Richard.

Pet. T'h.— Aubert du Petit-Tsovars: Genera nova Madagascarensia is his
only work to which we have occasion to allude.

Pluk.—Leonard PrukENET: his works are the Phytographia, Almagestum
Botanicum, Mantissa, and Amaltheum.

Poir.—J. L. M. Porrer: he wrote most of Lamarck’s Sasydlopidis from the

* 6th volume to the end of the Supplement.

ARafin.—Charles RArINESQUE, an American botanist.

Retz, obs.—F asciculus 1-6 observationum Botanicarum, by And. J. Rerz.

. Rheed. Mal.—Ruxxpz's Hortus Malabaricus, already noticed by us.

Rich.—Louis Claude Ricnanp was one of the greatest botanists of which Fran

can boast: his son (Achille Richard) has also published several excel-
lent papers, besides editing many of his father’s unpublished works.

Roem. and Sch. syst —Jo. Jac. RogwEn and Jo. Aug. Scuures, the authors
the Linnæi Systema Vegetabilium.

Roth, nov. sp.—Alb. Will. Rorn’s Novæ Plantarum species, preesertim Indie
Orientalis, is the work here-referred to.

Rottl.—Dr Rorrizr ; his names are principally obtained from disthbuteg: spe
cimens.

Rowb.—Dr William Roxsurcn: we have referred to almost all his works ;
the Plants of the coast of Coromandel (Cor.), Flora Indica (fl. Ind.
and the edition by Carey and Wallich (fl. Ind. ed. Wall. ) to the Cai
logue of the Calcutta Garden (hort. Bengh.), and to the copies (belon;
ing to Professor Hooker) of his unpublished drawings in the East In
Company's Museum (in E. I. C. mus. tab.).

Ruiz and Pav.—Hipp. Row and Jos. Pavon, authors of the Flos Peruvi

3 et Chilensis.

Rumph. Amb.—Herbarium Amboinense, by G. Ev. Rumputs.

— Salis.—Richard Anthony Sattssury, Esq. who wrote several botanical papers.

— Sehrad.—Professor H. Adolph. Scurapver, author of various works.

—. Schult. syst.—Jos. Aug. Scuutres, and Jul. Herm. Senvrrzs, are engaged

; ee the Systema commenced by Roem, and Sch.

ABBREVIATIONS. xxxvii

Ser.—N,. C. Serince, who has elaborated several difficult tribes in De Can-
dolle's Prodromus.

Sm. in Rees’ cycl.—Sir James Edward Situ published some valuable Notes
on the Linnean Herbarium, of which he had become the possessor, and
on Indian plants, in Rees’ Cyclopedia.

Sonn. voy. Ind.—Voyages aux Indes Orientales et à la Chine, by Pierre Sox-
NERAT.

Spr.— Professor Srrencet: we principally refer to his Systema Vegetabilium
(syst.), with the Cure posteriores (app. or suppl.), and his Plantarum
minus cognitarum Pugillus ( pug.).

St. Hil.—Aug. St. Hinairg, one of the most eminent French botanists of the
present day.

T'hunb.—Carl. Petr. ThuNBERG: sometimes we refer to his Flora Japonica,
sometimes to his papers in the Linnean Society's Transactions. He pub- -
lished many other botanical treatises.

Tourn.—Jos. Pitt. de Tournerort: the work which we have occasion to.
quote, is the Institutiones rei Herbariee.

Vahl, Professor Martin Vanr: we refer frequently to his Symbole Botanicze
(symb.), and to his Enumeratio Plantarum (enwm.): we occasionally al-
so have had to consult his papers in the Skrifter af Naturhistorie-Selska-
bet of Copenhagen. The sixth volume of this last work is very scarce,
and of great value as to Indian plants ; Dr Hooker's copy is the only one
which we have seen ; none of the French or German naturalists appear
ever to have met with it.

Ventn.—Steph. Pierre VENTENAT, an eminent French botanist.

Wall.—Dr Nath. W artica, Superintendent of the Botanic Garden of Caleut-
ta: we have already mentioned his works; those we refer to are his
Plante Asiaticæ rariores (pl. As. rar.), his List of East India Plants
(Wall. L.), and his Tentamen Flore Nepalensis (tent. fl. Nep.)

Wern. soc. trans.—Memoirs of the Wernerian Society of Edinburgh. ce

Wight cat.—Catalogue of dried specimens of plants distributed by Dr Robert Í-
Wight. ee

W. & A.—These initials denote that we ourselves have either found it neces- -
sary to change the former name, or have given one to the plant if new. -

Willd.—Professor Christ. Lud. WiurpENow of Berlin. The Linnsi Species | T

Plantarum (sp.), and Enumeratio Plantarum horti Berolensis (enum.), 7
are almost the only works which we have had occasion to quote. :

! after an author's name, denotes that we have authenticated the synonym —
by an inspection, either of the specimen described or of one — from.
the same source. B

+ before the name of a species, indicates that it is involved in obscurity.

* before the name of a species, marks it as a doubtful native of the Penin-
sula.

T EET a eS a

PRODROMUS FLORA
PENINSULA INDUE ORIENTALIS.

A. DICOTYLEDONES,

EXOGENA.

|

I. THALAMIFLOR E, DC.—Cr.1. HYPOPETALÆ,
| Juss.

CALYX of several sepals that are sometimes combined
at the base. Petals several, distinct or rarely united, some-
times abortive or wanting ; usually hypogynous or inserted
upon the receptacle. Torus usually free from the calyx.
Stamens inserted with the petals.

ORDER L—RANUNCULACEJE. Juss.

Sub-ord. 1. RANUNCULINEX (Arn.) Sepals distinct, various in
number, from 3 to 15, but usually 5, deciduous: estivation generally
imbricative, sometimes valvular. Petals hypogynous, 5—15 (or absent
by abortion), distinct. Stamens hypogynous, distinct, indefinite in
number: anthers adnate, extrorse. Ovaria seated on the torus, inde-
finite, or rarely (by abortion) solitary, usually distinct, rarely somewhat
united: style one to each ovary, simple: ovules solitary? or several,
adhering to the inner edge. Carpels various, either achenia which are
sometimes baccate, or follicular with 1-2 valves. Albumen between
fleshy and horny. Embryo minute, inclosed in the albumen near its
base-—Herbaceous, suffrutescent, or rarely shrubby plants. Leaves
alternate, or sometimes opposite, variously divided: petiole dilated,
and forming a sheath half-clasping the stem. Hairs, when present,
simple.

I. CLEMATIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 497 ; Gertn. fr. t. 74.

Involucre none or resembling a calyx, and placed under the flower. . Se-

pals 4-8, coloured, in sestivation either valvate or with their edges bent in-
A

d e
ge

wards. Petals none, or shorter than the sepals. Stamens numerous. Ache-
nia several in each flower, terminated by a long tail. Seed erect.—Perennial
plants with o posite leaves, which are simple, trifoliate, or once or twice
pinnate with a terminal leaflet.

V RANUNCULACEE. —— Nanaveuta

In the following there is neither involucre nor corolla: the flowers are panicled,
and the tail of the achenia feathery.

1. (1) €. Gouriana (Roxb. :) climbing : leaves pinnate or bipinnate ; leaflets
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate at the base, 3- or obscurely 5-nerved,
entire or with a few coarse serratures: young branches angled, and pe-
duncles, and oblong achenia pubescent: sepals revolute.—z ; Leaves nearly :
glabrous, or with the nerves pubescent on the under side.— Wight! cat. n. 1,
2.a, 3-5.—C. Gouriana, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 670; DC. prod. 1. p. 35 Spr.
syst. 2. p. 668 ; Wall.! L. n. 4673 (excl. f.)—C. indica, Heyne ! in Roth. nov.
sp. p. 252.—8 ; Young leaves pubescent or tomentose on the under side— —
Wight ! cat. n. 2.6.—C. Gouriana, Wall.! L. n. 4673. f.——On the Dindygul-
hills and Neelgherries.

+ 2. (2) C. triloba (Heyne:) climbing: lower leaves simple, middle ones
3-lobed, upper of 3 leaflets; leaves and leaflets ovate-lanceolate, pubescent,
entire: young branches and peduneles tomentose: panicle somewhat corym-
bose: sepals oblong-lanceolate, mueronate.— Roth. nov. sp. p. 251; DC.
prod. 1. p. 8; Spr. syst. 2. p. 668. à

Probably badly described, and the same with our C. Gouriana £.

3. (3) C. Wightiana (Wall.:) climbing: leaves pinnate; leaflets not wrinkled, —
very villous and soft on both sides, coarsely serrated, cordate at the base, —
sags 3-lobed, the middle lobe the longest, or divided again into 3 ovate-

late segments: young branches, peduncles, and flat achenia, pubescent: -
sepals ovate, outside very pubescent, inside glabrous: filaments hairy.—
Wall.! L. n. 4674; Wight! cat. n. 6—Neelgherries. Low hills on the
banks of the Kestnah near Bezwarah in the northern Circars. i^ d

Il. NARAVELIA. DC.

Involucre none. Sepals 4-5, valvate in sestivation. Petals 6-12, linear,
thickish, longer than the calyx. Stamens numerous. Achenia several in -
each flower, furnished with a short stalk about as thick as the achenium. |
Seed erect.—Perennial climbing plants. Leaves opposite, consisting of two
leaflets with an intermediate tendril. HR

4. (1) N. Zeylaniea (DC.:) leaflets broadly ovate, shortly acuminated
achenia spirally twisted, hairy, with a long feathery tail; stalk longer than -
broad, glabrous.—DC. prod. 1. p. 10 ; Wall.! L. n. 4687 ; Wight! cat. n.7.—
Atragene Zeylanica, Linn. ; Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 188 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 670 ; Spr. syst.
2. p. 644. ;

Leaves usually densely pubescent on the under side: in specimens from
Prome they are quite glabrous. veh

I. THALICTRUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 497.

Involucre none under the flower. Sepals 4-5, imbricated in sstivation.
Petals none. Stamens numerous. Achenia several, without a tail, sometimes
stalked, sometimes longitudinally furrowed. Seed pendulous.—Stems her-
baceous, never climbing. Leaves usually divided in a thrice-ternate manneT,

alternate ; petiole with a dilated base.
5. (1) T. glyphocarpum (W. & A.:) flowers bisexual: leaves triternate;

the sheaths at their base reniform, 3-lobed, fringed ; stipellee none at the di-
visions of the petiole ; leaflets wedge-shaped, roundish, slightly cordate at

ANEMONE. RANUNCULACER. 3

the base, glabrous, coarsely toothed, teeth rounded and tipped with a point:
panicles few-flowered; flowers bisexual: filaments slightly club-shaped:
anthers linear-oblong, awnless: ovaries 15-20: achenia stalked, erect, deeply
furrowed, terminated by the hooked persistent style.— Wight / cat. n. 8.——
Sent from the mountains, but it is uncertain whether from the Neelgherries
or the Dindygul range.

IV. ANEMONE. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 496 ; Gertn. fr. t. 74.

Involuere 3-leaved, distant from the flower, the leaflets variously cut.
Sepals 5-15, petaloid, imbricated in sestivation. Petals 0. Stamens nume-
rous. Achenia numerous. Seed pendulous.—Herbaceous plants with a per-
ennial root. Leaves radical, stalked, more or less cut or lobed. Scape,
when branched, bearing involucres at each of its divisions.

The following belong to a section called Anemonospermos, in which the achenia
are slightly compressed, and have no feathery tail; several pedicels spring from the
involucre, one of them naked, the others with a 2- or rarely 3-leaved involucel, and
are sometimes again similarly divided.

_ €. (1) A. dubia (Wall. :) clothed with silky hairs: leaves tripartite; divi-
sions deeply 3-cleft ; segments cuneate-ovate, bluntish, more or less lobed,
sharply serrated: involucral leaves subsessile, deeply 3-cleft; the divisions

left; segments linear-oblong, cut and serrated: sepals about 7, cuneate-
ovate, obtuse: achenia glabrous: style hooked, persistent.— Wall. ! L. n.
4698; Wight! cat. n. 10.—— Neelgherries. à

7. (2) Wightiana (Wall.:) clothed with silky hairs: leaves on very long
petioles, tripartite; divisions very deeply 3-cleft ; segments cuneate, deeply
3-lobed ; lobes cuneate, irregularly inciso-serrated: involucral leaves sub-
sessile, deeply 3-cleft; divisions 3-cleft; segments linear-oblong, cut and
Serrated: sepals 6-8, elliptic-oblong: achenia glabrous: style hooked, per-
Sistent.— Wall.! L. n. 4697 s Wight ! cat. n. 9, 11. Neelgherries. i

Much larger and coarser in all its parts than the last: future observations
may, however, prove them to be the same species.

V. ADONIS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 498; Gertn. fr. t. 74.

Involucre none. Sepals 5, erect, sometimes free at the base externally,
imbricated in æstivation. Petals 5-15, the claw naked. Stamens numerous.
Achenia numerous, arranged upon the more or less elongated receptacle,
tipped with the short style. Seed pendulous.—Herbaceous caulescent plants.
Cauline leaves pinnate, divisions multifid, segments linear and very nume-
Tous. Flowers solitary at the extremity of the stem or branches, yellow or
red, never blue.

8. (1) A. estivalis (Linn. :) annual : petals oblong, obtuse ; achenia glabrous,
wrinkled d in an elongated spike: style straight.—DC. prod. 1.

p.24; Spr. syst. 2. p. 645 ; Wight! cat. n. 12.——Neelgherries.

VI. RANUNCULUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 498; Gortn. fr. t. 74 —

Sepals 5, not free at the base, deciduous, imbricated in estivation. Petals
5, rarely 10 or more, the claw furnished inside with a nectariferous con-
cave little scale. Stamens and styles numerous. Achenia ovate, pointed,
Somewhat compressed. Seed erect.—Herbaceous plants with annual or per-
ennial roots. Leaves mostly radical ; cauline ones placed at the base of the
branches and peduncles.

9. (1) R. reniformis (Wall.:) erect, hairy: radical leaves roundish ovate,
A2

4 RANUNCULACES. DELPHINIUM

rounded or somewhat cordate at the base, coarsely crenated ; ina Mer
leaf oblong, toothed, narrowed at the base into a petiole ; if ae frei
` linear: petals (yellow) numerous, 10-13, twice as long as “es Po nil
calyx: heads of fruit globose: achenia oblong, tumid, MEUS en
style nearly straight.—Wall. ! L. n. 4709; Wight! cat. n. 14. g

10. (2) R. subpinnatus (W. & A.:) diffuse, branched, hairy : ong and
lower cauline leaves tripartite, lateral divisions sessile, middle edic a
all deeply 3-cleft, segments cut and serrated ; middle leaves 22 Pre d
middle division of the radical leaf; upper 3-cleft, inciso-serra - boil
(yellow) twice as long as the reflexed ? villous calyx: heads of d globose?
achenia roundish, lenticular, minutely dotted, thick at the back, the
nerves inconspicuous: style short, straight.— Wight ! cat. n. 15.

Allied to R. deris, Linn. m

11. (3) R. Wallichianus (W. & A.:) perennial: stem p —

rostrate, with a tendency to root at the joints, and bearing there bine
eaves: leaves and petioles hairy ; radical leaves trifoliate, leaflets poaa d
3-cleft, segments somewhat ovate lobed and inciso-serrated : a a
hairy, scarcely longer than the petioles: petals (yellow) about as one :
. calyx: heads of fruit globose: achenia roundish, compressed-lenticu ai p
nutely dotted, tubereulated : style broad, hooked at the apex.— Wight? €^
n. 16.——Neelgherries.
Its nearest nit is with R. pinnatus, Poir., and R. trilobus, Desf.

. VII. DELPHINIUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 482; Gærtn. fr. t. 65.

Calyx deciduous, petaloid, irregular, the upper sepal produced downwards
into a kind of spur; æstivation imbricative. Petals 4, sometimes uni
the two upper produced at the base into appendages (or inner spur) Con-
tained within the spur of the calyx. Stamens numerous. Capsules follicu-

. Jar, 1-5 in each flower, distinct, 1-valved. Seeds several.—Stems herbaceous:
Leaves alternate, palmately multifid. Flowers racemose; each pedicel with
one bractea at its base, and two between that and the flower.

12. (1) D. Ajacis (Linn. :) annual, erect: branches nearly simple, straigh'
scarcely diverging: lobes of the leaves linear, bluntish: racemes long, dense}
pedicels erect, stout, scarcely twice as long as the bractea at their base, which
is longer than the others: petals united; inner spur of one piece: capsules
solitary, densely pubescent, and calyx spur as long as the pedicel.— DC
prod. 1. p. 51; Spr. syst. 2. p. 616 ; Wall.! L. n. 4720. c.; Wight ! cat. n. 19.

13. (2) D. pauciflorum (Don:) annual, erect, nearly simple: branches
simple, E aptis straight, erect: lobes of leaves linear acuminated: racemes
lax ; pedicels erect, slender, nearly twice the length of the bractea at theif
base, which is sometimes multifid, but generally subulate like the others and
longer than them: petals united; inner spur of one piece: capsule solitary;
slightly pubescent, and calyx-spur twice as short as the pedicel.— Don. prod.

fl. Nep. p.196; Wight! cat. n. 11.—D. Ajacis, Wall.! L. n. 4720. a, b.—
Neelgherries.

ORDER IL—DILLENIACEJE. DC.

Sepals 4—5, rarely 12 or 13, persistent. Corolla hypogynous, of 4-5
petals, usually deciduous, in a single row. Stamens hypogynous, gene-
rally numerous, sometimes only 5, 7, or 10: filaments dilated either at
the base or apex : anthers adnate, introrse, bursting longitudinally, of -
by two terminal pores. Ovaria definite, more or less distinct, with

DirLEN14. DILLENIACEJE. 5

terminal style and simple stigma; ovules ascending. Fruit of 1-5 dis-
tinct unilocular carpels, or of a similar number cohering together: the
carpels are either capsular or baccate, and pointed with the style. Seeds
several in each carpel, or only two or one by abortion, with or without
a pulpy arillus: testa hard. Embryo straight, minute, at the base of a
fleshy albumen.—Leaves alternate, or rarely opposite, without stipules.

I. TETRACERA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 69.

Flowers often by abortion diccious or polygamous. Stamens numerous:
filaments dilated at the apex: cells of the anther distinct, roundish. Cap-
sules 3-5, follicular, surrounded by the imbricated distinct sepals. Seeds
1-5, shining, with an arillus.—Usually climbing shrubs or small trees, with
terete branches. Leaves alternate, petioled, entire, quite entire or toothed,
coriaceous, evergreen. Flowers panicled.

14. (1) T. Rheedii (DC. :) climbing: leaves oblong, sharpened at both ends,
quite entire or with a few distant gland-shaped tooth glabrous and free from
roughness on both sides; nerves and reticulated veins somewhat prominent
beneath: panicle compact, resembling a corymb: sepals 4, glabrous on the
outside and silky within, ciliated: capsules shining, usually by abortion one-
seeded.—z ; racemes many-flowered.— Wight ! cat. n. 19.—T. Rheedii, DC.
syst. ; prod. 1, p. 68; Spr. syst. 2. p. 629.—Calophyllum Akara, Burm. Ind.
p. 121.— Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 8.—0; racemes few-flowered.—Wight ! cat. n. 20.
—T. levis, Wall.! L. n. 6627. Travancore. Malabar.

T. levis not very well described by Vahl, must be the same as T. Mala-
barica of Lamarck, from whom he received his specimens: this last name
De Candolle changes to T. Assa, and Dr Wallich refers to it T. trigyna, Roxb.
fl. Ind. 2. p. 645.

+15. (2) T? Heyneana (Wall. L. n. 6630).

II. DILLENIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 492.

Stamens numerous: filaments somewhat attenuated upwards: anthers ad-
nate, elongated. Carpels 5-20, indehiscent, united round a central conical
axis into a spurious berry, erowned by as many radiating styles and entire
stigmas. Seeds immersed in a gelatinous pulp.— Trees. Leaves oblong, but
variable in size and shape on the same individual; always much larger on
young plants than on old ones: lateral nerves parallel to each other, usually
excurrent and forming sharp teeth or serratures. Petioles with a broad base
half embracing the stem. Stipules none. Peduncles arising from a scaly
bud. Flowers yellow. es

16. (1) D. penta Roxb.:) leaves broadly lanceolate, s y toothed
or n reis. Lee sae the ees: pedancdos from the "ads Ud dare
of the former year's leaves, several together, one-flowered, without bracteoles :
inner row of stamens longer than the others: styles 5.— Rob. Cor. 1. t. 20 ;
fi. Ind. 2. p. 652 ; Ham. ! in Lin. Soc. Trans. 15. p. 100; Wight! cat. n. 22.
— Colbertia Coromandeliana, DC. prod. 1. p. 75; Wall. ! L. n. 949.—Wormia
Coromandeliana, Spr. syst. 2. p. 631.——Malabar, and southern provinces.

17. (2) D. speciosa ( Thunb. :) leaves oblong, serrated, glabrous, Brest
with ie flowers: esce E i ; a ure stamens al
equal in length: styles and carpels about 20: seeds hairy.—DC. prod. 1.
D. 76; Spr. syst. 2. p. 644; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 650; Wall.! L. n. 943;
Wight! cat. n. 21.—D. Indica, Lina. —D. elliptica, "Thunb. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 76;

EC
S AE

6 MAGNOLIACER. MicHELA.

Spr. syst. 2. p. 644.—Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 38, 89; Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 45.——
Malabar, and southern provinces.

* 18. (3) D. retusa (Thunb. :) leaves obovate, retuse, glabrous, very slight-
ly toothed, appearing with the flowers: peduncles terminal, solitary, 1-2 (or
3?-) flowered: stamens of equal length: styles and carpels about 6.—Th.
in Linn. Soc. Trans. 1. p. 200. t.19 ; Lam. ill. f. 492. f. 2 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 16 i
Spr. syst. 2. p. 644 ; Wall.! L. n. 6625 ; Wight! cat. n. 23.——Missionaries
garden ; Klein.

On the only two specimens we have seen with the peduncles, there are
either two flowers, or the scars from which they have fallen off. We should
have considered the D. dentata of Thunberg, as figured in the Lin. Soc. Trans.
1. t. 20, the same as a three-flowered state of this ; but a specimen named by
himself in M. De Lessert’s herbarium, having convolute glabrous stipules, 1$

Wormia dentata, DC., and is perhaps a variety of W. triquetra, Rottb. Pro-
bably Thunberg, trusting too much to the number of flowers, had both plants
in view.
III. ACROTREMA. Jack.

Stamens 15, erect: filaments short: anthers adnate, long, linear, opening
by two terminal pores. Ovaries 3, distinct, each terminated with a style and
simple stigma: ovules two in each cell. Carpels 3, capsular.—Herbaceous — —
low plants. Leaves all radical, oblong-obovate, obtuse, toothed, covered 4
with rigid longish hairs on both sides, but particularly on the midrib and f
nerves beneath. Petioles short, their margins dilated into membranaceous

auricles. Peduncles radical (or scapes), hairy, 8-12-flowered. Flowers pe
dicellate, racemose. Corolla yellow.

19, (1) A. Wightianwm (Wall.:) leaves sprinkled with rigid hairs, but
ood glabrous: lower ovule in each SUM aera aa Wall! L. n. 9669;
Wight ! cat. n, 24.— Padenaveram in Travancore. at

This appears to differ from A. costatum, Jack, which is deseribed with
leaves not only furnished with rigid hairs, but also tomentose.

ORDER III.—MAGNOLIACE, Juss.

Sub-ord. 1. MacexorrEx (Juss.) Sepals 3-6, deciduous. Petals hy- -
pogynous, 3-27, in several rows. Stamens hypogynous, indefinite, -
distinct ; anthers adnate, introrse, long, bursting longitudinally, Ova —
ries numerous in several rows, one-celled: ovules ascending or sus- »
pended: styles short. Fruit of numerous carpels, which are either de-
hiscent or indehiscent, distinct or partially connate, sometimes e
Embryo minute at the base of a fleshy albumen. Leaves alternate, not
dotted, coriaceous, with deciduous convolute stipules.

I. MICHELIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 493; Gertn. fr. t. 137.

Carpels arranged in a loose spike, of a consistence between leathery and -
fleshy, 2-valved, opening from the apex downwards. Seeds several (38)
externally fleshy.— Trees. Leaves entire, petioled. Flowers axillary, gene-
rally fragrant, usually of a yellow colour.

20. (1) M. Champaca (Linn.:) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous: -
flowers on short peduncles: spatha of one leaf: anthers obtuse.— DC. prod —
1. p. 79 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 643 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p.656 ; Lam. ill. t. 493 ; Wall!
L. n. 969 ; Wight! cat. n. 25.— Rheed, Mal. 1. t. 19 ; Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 67-

ANONA, ANONACEA. 7

ORDER IV.—ANONACE/E. Juss.

Sepals 3-4, persistent, often partially cohering. Petals 6, hypogy-
nous, in two rows, coriaceous ; estivation valvular. Stamens hypogy-
nous, indefinite (very rarely definite): anthers adnate, extrorse, with
alarge connectivum. Ovaries usually numerous, separate or sometimes
cohering, rarely definite : ovules solitary or several, erect or ascending.
Fruit of a number of succulent or dry carpella, that are 1- or many-
seeded, and distinct, or conerete into a fleshy mass. "Testa of the seed
brittle. Embryo minute at the base of a hard fleshy or horny rumi-
nated albumen.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, without
stipules.

I. ANONA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 494 ; Gertn. fr. t. 138.

Sepals 3, united at the base, somewhat acute. Petals 6; outer 3 thick, not
winged at the back ; inner ones smaller and sometimes quite abortive. An-
thers numerous, nearly sessile, covering the hemispherical torus: connectivum
dilated at the apex beyondthe anther. Carpels numerous, 1-celled, 1-seeded,
united into one scaly, internally pulpy, many-seeded berry.— Aromatic trees
orshrubs. Peduncles axillary or opposite to the leaves.

721. (1) A squamosa (Linn. :) stem arborescent : leaves oblong or oblong-
lanceolate, bluntish, glabrous, pellucid-dotted : exterior petals narrow-lanceo-
late, obtuse, concave below, three-cornered near the apex, connivent; inner
ones scarcely any: fruit ovoid, scaly.—DC. prod. 1. p. 85 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 640;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 657 ; Wall. L. n. 6490 ; Wight ! cat. n. 27.—Rheed. Mal.
8. t.29; Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 46; Pluk. t. 134. f. 3. (bad). |

722. (2) A. reticulata (Linn.:) a tree: leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, gla-
brous, minutely pellucid-dotted ; exterior petals oblong, connivent, three-
cornered towards the apex, concave below ; inner minute, smaller than the
calyx, obtuse: fruit somewhat globose, reticulately areolate—DC. prod. 1.
P. 85; Spr. syst. 2. p. 640; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 657; Wall. L. n. 6489; Wight!
cat. n. 26.—Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 30, 31.

II. LOBOCARPUS. W.& A.

Calyx? tubular, 3-cleft, coriaceous, persistent, enclosing the fruit. Car-
pels 5, unilocular, united into a 5-celled, oblong, cartilaginous fruit shortly
and obtusely 5-lobed at the apex: cells at the base of the fruit, each with 2
seeds placed side by side.—Branches woody. Leaves short-petioled, lanceo-
late, acuminated, glabrous. Flowers 1-3 together, small, nearly sessile in
the axils of the leaves: persistent floral-covering externally pubescent, with
2-3 lanceolate glabrous bracteas at its base. a ae

23. (1) L. Candolleanus (W. & A.)—Wight ! cat. n. 56. das

IIL UVARIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 495; Gertn. fr. t. 114.

Sepals 3, united at the base. Petals 6, in a double series, distinct or united
at the very base. Stamens numerous, distinct. Ovaries numerous, distinct.
Ovules several, arranged in a double row. Carpels baccate, more or less stalked,
ovate, oblong, or elongated, indehiscent, even or very slightly torulose, with-

8 ANONACEJE. UVARIA,

in pulpy or with spurious horizontal dissepiments (formed by the hardening
of a pulp). Seeds several in each carpel, horizontal, without an arillus.—
Trees or shrubs. Stems erect or climbing. Peduncles 1-flowered, solitary or
several together, arising from short leafy or leafless shoots of frequently for-
mer years’ growth.

24. (1) U. tomentosa (Roxb.:) a tree: leaves oblong, acute, pubescent on
both sides: flower-bearing shoots usually leafy, 1-2-flowered ; peduncles
opposite to the leaves and half as long, slender, solitary, very pubescent:
calycine lobes triangular, acute : three exterior petals minute, linear-subulate ;
three interior oblong: carpels 10-15, ovoid, on stalks their own length: seeds
about 4, separated by a pulp.—Roab. Cor. 1. t. 35; fl. Ind. 2. p. 607 ; DC.
prod. 1. p. 88 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 659 ; Wall. ! L. n. 6472 ; Wight! cat. n. 29.

Our specimens are only slightly pubescent, not tomentose ; the flower-
‘shoots also happen to be without leaves, presenting the appearance of one
long lateral jointed peduncle.

* 25. (2) U.odorata (Lam.:) a tree: leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
labrous; margins slightly waved: flower-bearing shoots axillary, slightly
leafy; stout; peduncles about three, corymbosely placed at the top of the
shoot, slender, drooping: calycine lobes ovate-rounded : petals equal, linear-
lanceolate: carpels 9-12, ovoid, glabrous, on long stalks: seeds 6-12, flatten-

ed, pitted, separated by the greenish pulp.—Lam. ill. t. 495. f. 1; Rozb. f
Ind. 2. p. 661; Wall.! L. n. 6457 ; Wight ! cat. n. 32.—Unona odorata, Dun.;
DC. prod. 1. p. 90 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 631.—Un. Cananga, Spr. syst. app. p. 215.
—Rumph, Amb. 2. t. 65. ;

.. The inflorescence is sometimes described thus : peduncle axillary, 3-flower-
ed, at length slightly leafy, with pedicels somewhat corymbose, which arises
from different names being given to the same parts. n
. 26. (3) U. lutea (Roxb.:) a tree: leaves shortly petioled, oblong or ovate,
coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, veins prominently reticulated beneath:
flower-bearing shoots opposite to the leaves, leafless, exceedingly short, 1-6
flowered ; peduncles short, terminal: calycine lobes ovate, small : petals about
equal, oblong, obtuse, much longer than the calyx : carpels 4-6, ovoid, pu-
bescent, stellately placed on very short stalks round the torus: seeds 3-6,
‘separated by pulp.—«; leaves elliptic-oblong.—U. lutea, Rowb. Cor. 1. t. 365
ft. Ind. 2. p. 666 ; Wight! Cat. n. 28.—Guatteria acutiflora, Wall.! L.n. 6438.
d.—; leaves oblong or ovate, obtuse at the base, acuminated.—U. lutea, Dun.
DC. prod. 1. p. 88 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 639 ; Wall.! L. n. 6462 s Wight ! cat. n.
31. 6.—U. coriacea, Vahl symb, 3. p. 72.

Our second variety is certainly the plant of Vahl and of Wallich ; Rox-
burgh's figure and description, ‘however, has the leaves more elliptical, an
not acuminated, and agrees pretty well with our « In our specimens of
both, the seeds oceupy the whole breadth of the fruit ; and not, as Roxburgh

figures them, only half the breadth. The flower-shoot might almost be called
a peduncle, bearing 1-6 pedicels. gn »

* 27. (4) U. Heyneana (Wall.:) leaves almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, —
somewhat acute at the base, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above, veins not
prominent beneath : flower-bearing shoots lateral, leafy ; peduncles terminal,
solitary : calycine lobes oblong, nearly the length of the corolla: petals ob- -
long; obtuse, equal: carpels nearly globose, very shortly stalked, pubescent: -
seeds about 4, shining, separated by pulp, middle ones opposite and only
half the breadth of the fruit.— Wall, ! L. n. 6463; Wight ! cat. n. 31.—Guat-
teria montana, DC. prod. 1. p. 94 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 635.—G. Malabarica, Dun.
—Hheed. Mal. 5. t. 17. ;

There is a specimen, apparently of this species, in the herbarium of the -
younger Linneus, unnamed, from Thunberg, and gathered in Java. In

Rheede, the calyx is represented too short, but the figure otherwise accords.

.UwoNa. ` ANONACESA. 9

28. (b) U. Narum (Wall.:) shrubby climbing: leaves oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous: flower-bearing shoots lateral, leafy ; peduncles solitary, terminal:
calycine lobes roundish-ovate: petals equal, united at their base !, roundish-
ovate, concave, incurved: carpels numerous (30-40), between ovoid and glo-
bose, glabrous, very slightly torulose, on long stalks: seeds about 4, flattened,
smooth, shining, separated by membranous dissepiments, extending the whole
breadth of the carpel; hilum conspicuous, roundish.— Wall. ! L. n. 6473;
Wight ! cat. n. 33.—U. Zeylanica, Lam. ; Willd. ; (not Linn.)—Unona Na-

rum, Dun. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 89 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 637.—Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 9.

* 29. (6) U. grandiftora (Roxb. :) shrubby, climbing: leaves elliptic-oblong,
acuminated, contracted downwards but retuse at the base, nearly sessile, to-
mentose beneath : flower-bearing shoots opposite to the leaves or above their
axils, short, with one or two caducous leaves; peduncles solitary, terminal:
calycine lobes broadly ovate, slightly acute: petals about equal, broadly
ovate, villous: carpels numerous, cylindrical, with two prominent longitudi-
nal ribs, long stalked: seeds numerous, smooth, shining, separated by disse-
piments, extending the whole breadth of the carpel.— Rob. fl. Ind. 2. p. 667 ;
Wall. pl. As. 2. t. 121.—U. purpurea, Blum. fl. Jav. anon. t. 1; Wall.! L. n.
6485.—Unona grandiflora, DC. prod. 1. p. 90; Spr. syst. 2. p. 637.—Funis
musarius angustifolius, Rumph. Amb. 5. p. 78?

The Unona musaria, Dun., or Funis musarius latifolius, Rumph. Amb. 5.

t. 42, appears to us to be referable to U. macrophylla, Roxb.
t30. (7) U. mollis (Wall. L. n. 6475.)
t31. (8) U. Russellii (Wall. L. n. 6464.)

IV. UNONA. Linn.

Sepals 3, united at the base. Petals 6, in a double series, or 3. Stamens
distinct, numerous. Ovaries numerous, distinct. Ovules several, arranged
in a single row. Carpels elongated, usually moniliform, rarely cylindrical at
the base and irregularly contracted above, many-celled, indehiscent. Seeds
numerous (or few by abortion), usually solitary in each articulation, attached
to the bottom of the cell by a minute ovate hilum, ovoid, shining, without an
arillus.—Trees or shrubs. Peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, springing from the
extremity of a shoot that is either with or without leaves. Petals increasing
in size after expansion. ;

32. (1) U. discolor (Vahl :) leaves ovate or lanceolate, acute or acuminated,
Somewhat cordate at the base ; upper side glabrous ; under slightly hairy and
glaucous: flower-bearing shoots lateral, short, with a small terminal bractea-
like leaf: calycine lobes lanceolate, long-acuminated : petals 6, lanceolate, the
inner ones the smaller: fruit-bearing torus not incrassated: carpels

moniliform: seeds erect.—Vahl symb. 2. p. 63. t. 36; DC. prod. 1. p. 915°

Spr. syst. 2. p. 658; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 669 ; Wall. L. n. 6420.—U. Lesser-
tiana, Dun. anon. t. 26 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 90 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 637.—U. Chi-
nensis, DC. prod. 1. p. 91,—Uvaria monilifera, Gertn. fr. t. 114.—Desmos

mensis, Lour. denied

The flower-shoots here resemble a lateral 1-bracteated peduncle, and are
usually so described. i | fg

V. ARTABOTRYS. Brown. $

Sepals 3, united at the base. Petals 6, contracted a little above their base.
Stamens numerous. Torus convex. Ovaries 3, or numerous, distinct. Ovules
2, collateral, inserted at the base. Stigmata obtuse, united. Carpels few,
baceate, indehiscent, shortly stalked, one-celled. Seeds 2 (or by abortion
: Solitary) in each carpel, collateral, erect, without an arillus.— Climbing shrubs.

+

10 ANONACEXE. GurTTERIA.

Peduncles one-flowered, arranged on the one side of short hooked shoots or
branchlets. Flowers fragrant.

33. (1) A. odoratissimus (Br. :) leaves ovate or oblong, lanceolate, glabrous,
shining : peduncles glabrous: petals narrow-oblong, clothed with a rusty pu-
bescence: carpels pyriform.— Br. in Bot. Reg. t. 423; Spr. syst. 2. p. 6365
Wall.! L.n. 6415 ; Wight ! cat. n. 34.—U varia odoratissima, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2.
p. 666.—U. uncata, Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 666. (kept distinct from U. odoratis-
sima by mistake of the printer).—U. esculenta, Rottl.—U nona uncinata, Dun.
anon. i. 12 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 90.—U. esculenta, Dun. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 90.—
Anona hexapetala, Linn.—A. uncinata, Lam.— Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 46.

; v

Vl. MILIUSA. Lesch.; Alph. DC.

Sepals 3, united at the base, subulate, reflexed. Petals united into a three-
lobed eampanulate corolla. Stamina about 12: filaments slender, elongated:
anthers minute. Torus ovoid. Ovaries numerous, distinct. Ovules 2 in
each, one above the other. Carpels distinet.—A woody plant with slender

branches. Leaves elliptic, entire, slightly hairy. Flowers axillary, solitary,
on very short peduncles.

34. (1) M. Indica (Lesch.)— Alph. DC. anon. p. 37. t. 8; Wall. L. n. 5488.
—Uvaria ciliata, Heyne mss. -

VII. GUATTERIA. Ruiz and Pav.

Sepals 3, united at their base. Petals 6. Anthers numerous, nearly sessile. —
Carpels distinct, numerous, somewhat baccate, ovate or globose, stalked, one-
seeded.—Trees or shrubs. Peduncles 1-flowered, springing from an axillary
or lateral, leafy or leafless shoot or branchlet (peduncle of most authors).

35. (1) G. longifolia (Wall.:) a tree: leaves linear-lanceolate, acuminated,
undulated at the margin, glabrous, shining: peduncles long and slender;
fascicled along the short lateral leafless shoots: petals equal, narrow lanceo-
late, acuminated, undulated: carpels ovoid.—Wall.! L.n.6442; Wight! cat.
n. 35.—U varia longifolia, Lam.; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 664.—Unona longifolia,

Dun. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 90; Spr. syst. 2. p. 637.—— Commonly cultivated, but
wild in Tanjore.

Berries certainly only 1-seeded.

36. (2) G. cerasoides (Dun.:) a tree: leaves oblong or lanceolate, acute,
pubescent beneath: flower-bearing shoots almost abortive, lateral, leafless;
uncles solitary, terminal, with one or two bracteas at their base: calycine
obes nearly as long as the corolla: petals equal, oval oblong, thick : carpels
globose, on stalks nearly twice their length.— DC. prod. 1. p. 93; Spr. syst-
2. p. 635; Wall.! L. n. 6436; Wight! cat. n. 38.—U varia cerasoides,
Cor. 1. t. 33; fl. Ind. 2. p. 666. a

37. (3) G. suberosa (Dun. :) a tree: leaves nearly sessile, oblong or ellip-
tic-oblong, glabrous; margin waved: flower-bearing shoots leafy ; peduncles
solitary, somewhat opposite to the leaves, drooping: three outer petals ovate,
resembling the calyx; three inner twice as long, oblong lanceolate: €
globose, mucronate, on stalks about twice their Dach DC prod. 1. p. 99;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 635; Wall.! L. n. 6497 ; Wight! cat. n. 30.—U varia suberost,
Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 34; fl. Ind. 2. p. 667.

38. (4) G. Korinti (Dun.:) shrubby, climbing: leaves ovate-oblong, acu- —
minated, coriaceous, glabrous; upper side shining, under prominently reticu- —
lated with veins: flower-bearing shoots elongated, leafy, with several flowers ;
peduncles axillary, solitary, pubescent: petals equal, about twice as long aS

Coccurvs. MENISPERMACE JE. il

*

the calyx, elliptic-oblong, obtuse, margins recurved: carpels 6-12 globose,
on stalks longer than themselves.—DC. prod. 1. p. 94; Spr. syst. 2. p. 635;
Wight! cat. n. 30, 37.—G. acutiflora, Wall.! cat. n. 6438. a.—Rheed. Mal. 5.
t. 14. Province of Tanjore in moist rich soil.

t 39. (5) G. sempervirens (Dun. :) shrubby: leaves ovate-oblong, acumina-
ted, coriaceous, glabrous, shining: flower-bearing shoots short, 1-2-leaved,
1-flowered ; peduncles woolly: calyx minute: petals somewhat equal, oblong,
pointed: carpels about 9, globose, on stalks about their own length.—DC.
prod, 1. p. 94; Spr. syst. 2. p. 635.—Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 16.——Malabar, espe-
cially in Angiccaimaal.

t 40. (6) G. acutiflora (Dun.:) shrubby: leaves ovate-oblong, acute, coria-
ceous, glabrous, upper side shining: flower-bearing shoots short, 1-2-leaved,
1-flowered ; peduncles short: calycine lobes obtuse: petals equal, oblong,
very acute, twice as long as the calyx.— DC. prod. 1. p. 94; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 635.— Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 18.——Mangatti in Malabar.

According to Rheede, who alone has seen the plant, the fruit is the same
as in G. sempervirens. The above character is taken from his figure and im-
perfect description.

ORDER V.—MENISPERMACEZ. Juss.

Sub-ord. 1. MENISPERMEE (Arn.) Flowers usually unisexual and
very small. Sepals usually in a double row, 3—4 in each, deciduous:
sstivation imbricative. Petals 1-6, hypogynous, scale-like, distinct
or united into a cup-shaped corolla, rarely none: estivation somewhat
valvular. Stamens monadelphous or occasionally distinct, sometimes
Opposite to the petals and equal to them in number, sometimes 3-4
times as many : anthers adnate; cells placed end to end, dehiscing either
vertically or horizontally, but always longitudinally and by a continuous
fissure. Ovaria usually numerous, free or slightly united by their inner
margin, unilocular. Drupes baccate, one-seeded, oblique. Embryo
curved, radicle superior. Albumen thin, fleshy, rarely none—Climb-
ing shrubs, with alternate leaves, and very minute flowers.

I. COCCULUS. Bauh.; DC.

Flowers unisexual, (always?) dicecious. Calyx of 6 sepals in a double
Series, with two, three, or more close-pressed bracteoles. Corolla of 6 petals.
Stamens 6, or rarely 3, opposite to the petals, distinct: anthers
2-celled, terminal, dehiscing vertically: filaments either filiform with the
anther cells horizontal, approximate, and each externally 2-lobed ; or thick-
ened at the apex with the cells divaricating downwards and separated by the
connectivum. Fem. Ovaries 3, 6, or numerous. Drupes 1-6, or numerous,
1-celled, 1-seeded.—Peduncles axillary or rarely lateral; males usually many
flowered; females generally few-flowered, without bracteas, or with very
small ones if present. ann

$ 1. Seed globose, deeply excavated at the hilum; albumen fleshy; cavity for the
embryo in the albumen broad and very shallow, resembling an internal slit.
41. (1) C. suberosus (DC.:) twining: bark corky: leaves broadly ovate,

truncated or somewhat cordate at the base, acute, firm; young ones more

cordate, rounder, somewhat mucronulate, more tender, more or less pube-
4

i. ae MENISPERMACE KE. Coccurvs.

scent: female flowers in lateral compound racemes: drupes 2-3, globose:
. cotyledons distant, linear-oblong, very membranaceous.—DC. prod. 1. p. 97;
Wall.! L. n. 4954; Wight! cat. n. 46.—C. orbiculatus, DC. prod. 1. p. 98
(excl. syn. P/uk.)—C. lacunosus, DC. prod. 1. p. 97.—C. flavescens, DC.?
prod. 1. p. 97.—Menispermum Cocculus, Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 70. f. 1.—M.
orbiculatum, Linn.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 156.—M. lacunosum, Lam.; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 156.—M. flavescens, Lam.? ; Spr.? syst. 2. p. 256.—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 1, and
11. ¢. 62; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 22, and t. 24? Malabar. 2" !or -

The shallow hollow that contains the embryo is nearly as broad as the
whole albumen: the cotyledons, at first small, afterwards enlarge, although
still very thin, diverge, and each occupies a side of the cavity. The back and
front layers of albumen then become soldered in the middle (the mark of
which may be observed on cutting the seed transversely) and present the ap-
pnta "us by Geertner, of the albumen being 2-celled with a cotyledon
in.each cell.

42. (2) C. Malabaricus (DC.:) twining: leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated,
upper side puberulous, under densely pubescent: racemes of female flowers
lateral?, as long as the leaves, simple: stamens 6: drupes 3.— DC. prod. 1.
p. 97.—Menispermum Malabaricum, Willd.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 155; Ham.! in
Wall. L. n. 4969.— Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 19, 20.

The only specimen we have seen is, from Sanashygota in Bengal, in Hamil-
ton's herbarium belonging to the University of Edinburgh: it has the
branches here and there furnished with curious scutelliform warts.

43. (3) C. cordifolius (DC.:) twining; bark corky, slightly tubercled:
leaves roundish-cordate with a broad sinus, shortly and sharply pointed, gla-
brous: racemes axillary or lateral; of male flowers longer than the leaves,
pedicels several together; of female scarcely so long as the leaves, pedicels
solitary: petals unguiculate; unguis linear, slightly margined upwards ; limb
triangular-ovate, reflexed: stamens 6; filaments thickened at the apex ; an-
ther-cells divarieating: ovaries 3: drupes 2-3, globose: embryo small, coty-
ledons orbicular, approximate, fleshy.—D4. prod. 1. p. 97; Wail.? L. n.
4955; Wight! cat. n. 44.—C. convolvulaceus, DC. prod. 1. p. 97.—C. verru- .
— tg pe n. por xr cordifolium, Willd.; Roxb.? in

in. Soc. T'r. 13. p. 62; . syst. 2. p. 155.—M. glab: i .

ied ACIE m 6s p (ot dom)

C. convolvulaceus, DC. is an accidental state of the plant. Roxburgh, in his
description, and figure at the India House (under M. coccineum, tab. 128),
represents the petals cuneate-oblong, erect, and embracing the filaments ;
hence our doubts about his and Wallich's being thé same with ours, which
however is common about Madras and Samuleottah (where Roxburgh so long
resided), and is undoubtedly that sent by Klein to. Willdenow and Rox-
burgh.—C. crispus DC. (Men. verrucosum Roxb.) appears to differ by the more
tubercled bark ; more pointed leaves, and their narrow sinus ; by the cuneate-
oblong but also reflexed petals, and four-lobed anthers.

$ 2. Seed terete, long, uncinate ; embryo enclosed in a fleshy albumen, and of
about the same length,

44. (4) C. acuminatus (DC.:) twining: leaves ovate, acuminated, acute
or truncate or slightly cordate at the base, glabrous: racemes axillary;
usually about half the length of the leaf; pedicels in the males one or two
from each bractea, 2-3-flowered ; in the females solitary, 1-flowered : petals
obcordate, much shorter than the filaments: stamens 6, as long as the inner
row of the sepals ; anther-cells divaricating: ovaries 9-12: drupes numerous,
stalked, obovoid ; nut compressed.— DC. prod. 1. p. 99; De Less. ic. sel. 1.
t. 95; Wight! cat. n. 45.—C. radiatus, DC. prod. 1. p. 99.—C. polycarpus,
Wall.! L. n. 4958.—Menispermum acuminatum, Lam.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 155.
M. radiatum, Lam.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 157.—M. polycarpum, Rozb.— Tiliacora

Coccutus. MENISPERMACE X. 13

racemosa, Colebr. in Lin. Soc. Trans. 13. p. 67.—Braunea menispermoides,
Willd. sp. 4. p. 797 (as to the leaves and male flowers).—Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 3.
—— Madras, rare ; abundant on the sea-coast near Negapatam in Tanjore.

When the nut is cut transversely, it appears as if with two cells; but there
is only one, as may be proved by a longitudinal section.

T 45. (5) C. macrocarpus (W. & A.:) racemes of fruit compound, lax;
pedicels opposite: ovaries 3: drupes obovoid, curved, almost sessile; nut
compressed.— Wight ! cat. n. 41. Malabar.

We have only seen the racemes of fruit; they are eight inches to a foot in
length; the drupe is fully an inch long.

§ 3. Seed terete, forming nearly a complete circular ring ; embryo inclosed in
a fleshy albumen, and of about the same length.

46. (6) C. villosus (DC.:) twining: leaves on old branches cordate-orbi-
cular or hastate-3-lobed, obtuse or retuse, mucronulate ; on young shoots
oblong, cordate or acute at the base, obtuse with a muero or acute, more or
less downy: racemes axillary, not half the length of the leaves, of male
flowers branched and corymbose, of female simple and 1-3-flowered: petals
cuneate-oblong, emarginate, about equal to the filiform filaments: stamens 6 ;
anther-cells approximated : ovaries 3: nuts of the drupe reniform, compressed.
— DC. prod. 1. p. 98; Wall.! L.n.4957 (including g); Wight ! cat. n. 42, 43.
—C. sepium, Colebr.—C. Aristolochie, DC.? prod. 1. p. 97.—Menispermum
villosum, Lam. (not Rozb.)—M. hirsutum, Linn. ; Roxb. in Lin. Soc. Trans.
13. p. 58.—M. myosotoides, Linn.— Pluk. t. 384. f. 3, 5-7 ; and t. 13. f. 2?

Some specimens before us have the leaves quite glabrous, except on the
nerves; in others, from the upper part of a shoot, they are densely villous
on both sides. The figures in Plukenet do not represent separate varieties,
but only different sexes, or different parts of the same individual. Roxburgh
and Colebrooke say that the female peduncles are solitary ; they are usually
80, but we have seen occasionally as many as three, although only one ap-
pears to ripen its fruit. C. cocculus, Ham.! in Wall. L. n. 4957. g, is quite the
same as to the female from Muniyari; the male, which comes from Phurin-

» 18 Cissampelos convolvulacea.

47. (7) C. glaber (Wight:) glabrous all over: stem twining; branches
long, twiggy, pendulous; leaves ovate or oblong, mucronate, slightly
cuneate at the base: cluster of male flowers small, axillary, sessile, glo-

€, one-half shorter than the petiole, often by the falling of the upper
faves apparently arranged in an interrupted spike; peduncles of females
usually solitary, 1-flowered, equal to the petiole: petals roundish-ovate, con-
cave, close to the back of, and about the length of, the filaments: anther-cells
approximate : ovaries 3: nuts reniform, compressed.— Wall. ! L. n. 4975.
(there called C. levis, under which name, by mistake, the specimens were
distet Dr Wallich); Wight! cat. n. 47.——Alpine valleys in the Madura —

ct.

Allied to C. ovalifolius, DC. We would have adopted the name of levis,
iet originating in a mistake, but glaber is obviously that which is

cable,

$ 4. Seed terete, thick, forming nearly a complete ring ; albumen none ! 5 embryo
large ; radicle minute ; cotyledons fleshy, semicylindrical, tapering towards
the radicle.

48. (8) C. Plukenetii (DC. :) stem twinin , glabrous ; young branches pu-
cent: leaves ovate, ate omen SN cordate at the base,
rarely retuse at the apex, glabrous; when young the nerves on the under
side, and long petioles hairy: racemes spike-like, loi than the leaves ;
Pedicels short, with a subulate bractea at their base, of males 2-3 together,

14 MENISPERMACE. CissAMPELOS.

of females usually solitary : petals cuneate-oblong, emarginate, obtusely
2-toothed near the base; in the male about equal to the stamens, somewhat
membranaceous above, below fleshy, and embracing the filaments; in the
female fleshy, and internally warted: anther-cells approximated: ovaries 3:
drupes solitary ; nut reniform.—DC. prod. 1. p. 97 ; Wight ! cat. n. 48, 49.
—C. Wightianus, Wall.! L. n. 4959.—Cissampelos ovata, Poir.; DC. prod. 1.
p.100; Spr. syst. 3. p. 911.—Pluk. Mant. p. 52. pl. 2. t. 345, f. 7——In
sandy-soil by the sea-coast in Tanjore, frequent.

II. CLYPEA. Blume.

Diecious. Calyx of 6 sepals in a double series, with 3-6 close pressed
bracteoles. Corolla none. Marr. Stamens united into a central column, di-
lated at the apex, bearing several 2-celled anthers; cells opening horizon-
tally, placed end to end, and forming a ring round the top of the column.
Fem. Ovary solitary. Stigmata 3, (or rarely 6?) Drupe obliquely reni-
form ; nut compressed, wrinkled round the margin. Seed solitary, uncinate.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo terete, of the same shape, and about as long asthe
seed.—Twining shrubs. Leaves peltate. Panicles axillary, both male and
female without cordate bracteas.

49. (1) C. hernandifolia (W. & A.:) leaves ovate, rounded or scarcely
truncate at the base, mucronulate, upper side glabrous, under slightly hairy:
panicles about equal to the petioles, umbelliform ; rays umbelliferous ; pedi-
cels very short: polliniferous ring 6-celled.— Wight! eat. n. 953.—Cissampelos
hernandifolia, Willd. sp. 4. p. 861; DC. prod. 1. p. 100 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 910 ;
Wall.! L. n. 4977. e.—C. hexandra, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1001.—C.
glabra, Ham. !—Cocculus Roxburghianus, Wall.! L. n. 4972. a. (not DC.)
——Colemala.

50. (2) C. Burmanni (W. & A.:) leaves triangular, acuminated, mucro-
nate, slightly cordate at the base ; upper side shining and sprinkled with a
few hairs, under more or less densely pubescent : panicles narrow, elongated,
much longer than the leaves ; branches alternate.— Wight! cat. n. 40.—Coccu-

lus Burmanni, DC. prod. 1. p. 96.—C. peltatus, DC. prod. 1. p. 96.—Cissam-
pelosfdiscolor, Wall. L. n. 4982 (not DC.)—Menispermum peltatum, Lam. ;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 156.—Wal-Tiedde, Gertn. fr. 2. t. 180—Rheed. Mal. 7.
t. 49; Pluk. t. 24. f. 6; Burm. Zeyl. t. 101—Malabar and Coromandel.

HI. CISSAMPELOS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 830. :

Diecious. Marr. Sepals 4 in a double series. Petals 4 united into a
cup-shaped corolla, with usually an entire margin. Stamens united into a
slender column dilated at the apex, bearing two 2-celled anthers opening ©
horizontally ; cells placed end to end and forming a 4-lobed 4-celled annulus -
round the top of the column. Fem. Calyx of one! lateral sepal. Corolla of
one! petal in front of the sepal. Ovary solitary. Stigmata 3. Drupe obliquely
reniform ; nut compressed, wrinkled round its margin. Seed solitary, uncinate.

Embryo long, terete, inclosed in a fleshy albumen.—T wining shrubs. Leaves
peltate or cordate, mucronulate at the apex. Racemes axillary; of the
males usually trichotomously branched and somewhat corymbose, with subu-
late, small bracteas, or with none at all; of the females simple, elongated,
bearing broad alternate foliaceous bracteas with several 1-flowered pedicels in
their axil. i an

51. (1) C. convolvulacea (Willd.:) stem pubescent: leaves cordate, usually
obtuse or acute, sometimes acuminated, rarely emarginate, sinus narrow OF

BERBERIS. BERBERIDE X. 15

wide; upper side glabrous or slightly pubescent, under more or less pubescent
or sometimes tomentose ; petioles inserted at the margin, or sometimes slightly
intramarginal: male racemes 3-4, shorter than the petiole; sepals orbicular,
unguiculate ; column of stamens longer than the entire and externally hairy
cup-shaped corolla: female racemes usually in pairs, sometimes solitary and
forked, in flower scarcely so long as the petiole, in fruit often much longer
than the leaf; drupes hairy.— Wight! cat. n. 39—2; leaves more or less pube-
scent; petioles marginal or nearly so.—C. convolvulacea, Willd. sp. pl. 4.
p. 863.— DC. prod. 1. p. 101; Spr. syst. 3. p. 911; Wall.! L. n. 4979.—8;
leaves almost quite glabrous, decidedly peltate, ovate-orbicular, truncate at
the base.—C. hernandifolia, Wall.! L.n.4977. a, b, d, and perhaps most of the
others, (not of Wilid.)—C. glabra, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 74.—C. Pata, Roxb.
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 187.—C. convolvulacea, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 74 (as to
the provineial name Pata, but not the plant of Buch. Hamilton in the Calcutta
garden.)—Braunea menispermoides, Wi/id.? (as to the female.)—y; leaves
teniform rounded, villous, not peltate: male flowers on slender small-leaved
floral branches.—C. orbiculata, DC. Prod. 1. p. 101; Spr. syst. 3. p. 911.—
—C. cocculus male, Ham.! in Wall. L. n. 4857. g. (under Cocculus villosus.)
—3; leaves ovate-orbicular, truncate at the base, softly villous, peltate ; male
Tacemes from the axils of the older leaves.—C. hirsuta, DC. prod. 1. p. 101;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 9310.—C. mauritiana, Ham.! in Wall. L.4980. a, (not b-f.)——
Widely distributed throughout the Peninsula.

Specimens from the same stem vary exceedingly. C. Pareira chiefly differs

y the obovate sepals without an unguis, and the staminal column so short as
to be nearly concealed within the cup-shaped corolla. According to Hamil-
ton’s herbarium, it is the male plant in Wall. L. n. 4857. g. which comes from

hurinbari; the female, from Muniyari, is Cocculus villosus. C. mauritiana,
Wall. L. n. 4980. b!, d!, f!, and perhaps c, e, (but not a) is Cocculus incanus,
Colebr. in Linn. Soc. Trans. 13. p. 57. Perhaps C. mauritiana, Pet. Th. and
DC. is not distinct from 3, but we have not seen it.

ORDER VI.—BERBERIDE. Venin.

Sepals 3-4-6, deciduous, in a double row, accompanied externally
With petaloid scales. Petals hypogynous, equal to the sepals in number
and opposite to them, or twice as many; often furnished in the inside
with an appendage at the base. Stamens hypogynous, equal in number
to the petals and opposite to them: anthers bilocular, the cells opening
elastically with a valve from the bottom to the top. Ovarium solitary,
Unilocular, containing 2-12 ovules, which are erect, or attached late-
rally to the inner margin, and forming there one or two rows: style
Sometimes lateral, short: stigma orbieular. Fruit baceate or capsular,
Indehiscent. Albumen fleshy or horny. Embryo straight, in the axis
of the albumen : radicle pointing to the hilum : cotyledons flat.— Leaves
alternate, without stipules.

I. BERBERIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 253; Gert. fr. t. 4l.

_ Sepals 6, with three external close pressed bracteas. Petals 6, usually with
two distinct glands at the base. Stamens 6. Stigma orbicular, depressed,
Sessile or very rarely with an evident style. Fruit a berry with 1-9 seeds.—

bs. Primary leaves abortive and usually changed into thorns; second-
ary leaves fascicled in the axils of the others. Flowers yellow.

M ee »
16 NYMPH HACER. NELUMBIUM.

52. (1) B. tinetoria (Lesch.:) spines deeply divided into three sharp rigid
segments: leaves simple, oboval, quite entire, or with distant small spiny
teeth, glaucous with the principal nerves and veins prominent beneath, but
not above : racemes stalked, longer than the leaves; pedicels slender: petals
distinctly biglandular: filaments without teeth.—Lesch. mem. mus. 9. p. 306; _
DeLess. ic. 2. p. 1. t. 2; Wall.! L. n. 1476; Wight! cat. n. 51.——Neel-
gherries.

53. (2) B. Leschenaultii (Wall.:) leaves pinnate; leaflets about six pair,
ovate, nearly equal in size, slightly cordate at the base, repand with 6-8
thorny teeth at each side, about 5-nerved at the base ; lower pair of leaflets
close to the stem: racemes elongated, slender; bracteoles at the base of the
pedicel oblong, obtuse: petals with two distinct glands; filaments without
teeth: berry globose, crowned with the evident style and stigma.—Wall.! L.
n. 1479; Wight! cat. n. 50.—Mahonia Nepaulensis, var., DC. regn. veg. 2.
p. 713.—Neelgherries, at an elevation of about 8000 feet.

Perhaps not distinct from B. Nepaulensis, but that species has more lanceo-
late leaflets which are longest towards the top of the leaf, and the fruit is de-
scribed and figured as oblong with a sessile stigma.

ORDER VIL—NYMPH/EACE/E. Sal.

Sepals 4-5. Petals and stamens numerous in several rows: filaments
petaloid: anthers adnate, introrse, opening by two longitudinal clefts.
Torus large, fleshy, elevated, bearing in its substance, or enclosing, nu-
merous ovaries and carpels.. Carpels 1-2- or many-seeded. Albumen
of two kinds: a perisperm which is either present or absent; and an
endosperm, immediately surrounding the embryo.— Aquatic herbs, with
peltate or cordate leaves.

I. NELUMBIUM. Juss. ; Lam. ill. t. 458.

Torus containing in its substance the numerous separate ovaries, which
have each a simple style and stigma. Nuts inserted, but loose, in the hollows
of the torus, 1-2-seeded. Perisperm none. Endosperm conspicuous. Em-
bryo large, with two fleshy cotyledons.—Leaves orbicular, attached by their
centre.

54. (1) N. speciosum (Willd.:) corolla polypetalous: i
Fiet «hee the cells o the waht oe into x obese iN DC. po^
I. p. 113; Spr. syst. 2. p. 634; Lam. ill. t. 453; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p.047; 2
Wall.! L. n. 7259; Wight! cat. n.52.—Nelumbo nucifera, Gertn. J*. 1. 1. 19:

J. 2.—Nymphsea Nelumbo, Linn.—Pluk, t. 207. f. 5.—— In tanks in Tanjore,
frequent.

IL NYMPHJEA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 458; Gertn. fr. t. 19.

Calyx usually of 4 sepals girding the base of the torus. Petals numerous
(16-28), attached to the torus. Stamens numerous, inserted with the petals,
but higher up. Torus bottle-shaped, indehiscent, surrounding ovaries, styles,
and stigmas. Ovaries attached to the inside of the torus, on the top of which
are the adnate radiate stigmas. Carpels 16-20, membranaceous. Seeds very
numerous in each carpel, attached to spongy placentee that form false dissepi-
ments to the fruit. Endosperm fleshy, and with the enclosed embryo, seated -

on the inside, at the base, of the farinaceous perisperm: cotyledons foliace- —

ous.—Leaves cordate, peltate or with the petiole attached to the edge.

PAPAVER. PAPAVERACEJE. - i7

55. (1) N. stellata (Willd. :) leaves quite entire but with the margin waved,
glabrous on both sides, without dots; lobes at the base diverging; petiole

attached a little within the margin: anthers with the connectivum prolonged

into an appendage: stigma 8-12-rayed.— DC. prod. 1. p. 115; Spr. syst. 2.

P. 604; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 519; Wall.! L. n. 7253; Wight! cat. n. 55.—N.

cyanea, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 577.—N. Nouchali, Burm.—Rheed. Mal. 11.
t. 27.— Frequent in tanks in Tanjore.

56. (2) N. rubra (Roab.:) leaves sharply toothed, downy but not spotted
beneath ; lobes diverging ; petiole intramarginal: flowers red: connectivum
not prolonged: stigma 10-20-rayed.—Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 576; DC. Prod. 1.
D. 115; Spr. syst. 2. p. 605 ; Wall.! L. n. 7255; Wight! cat. n. 53; Sims Bot.
Mag. t. 1280 and 1364. Tanks and ditches in Tanjore.

57. (3) N. pubescens (Willd.:) leaves sharply toothed, reniform-orbicular ;
under side densely and softly pubescent, spotted ; lobes divaricated ; petiole
Intramarginal: flowers white: connectivum not prolonged: stigma with about
20 rays.—DC. prod. 1. p. 115; Spr. syst. 2. p. 605; Wall.! L. n. 7250; Wight!
cat. n. 54.—N. Lotus, Burm.; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 577.—Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 26.

ORDER VIIL—PAPAVERACEJE. Juss.

Sepals two, deciduous. Petals hypogynous, four cruciate (or a mul-
tiple of four), regular; rarely wanting. Stamens eight, or some multi-
ple of four, usually indefinite, inserted in four parcels one of which ad-
heres to the base of each petal: anthers bilocular, erect. Ovary solitary:
style short or none: stigmas alternate with the placente, two or many,
in which case they are stellate on the flat apex of the ovarium. Fruit
one-celled, either siliquzeform with two, or capsular with several, parietal
Placentz. Seeds numerous. Albumen between fleshy and oily, at the
base of which is a minute straight embryo, with plano-convex cotyle-
dons.—Plants herbaceous or shrubby, with a milky juice. Leaves al-
ternate, divided. Peduncles long, one-flowered.

I. PAPAVER. Linn. ; Gert. fr. t. 60; Lam. ill. t. 451.

Sepals 2, convex, deciduous. Petals 4. Stamens numerous. Style none.
Stigmata 4-20, radiating, sessile on the disk that crowns the ovary. Capsule
obovate, 1-celled, consisting of 4-20 carpels included in a membranaceous
expansion of the torus, opening by short valves under the crown formed by
the stigmas. Placéntte between the yalves, produced internally into spurious
incomplete dissepiments.—Herbaceous plants with a white juice. Peduncles
drooping at the extremity before flowering.

* 58. (1) P. somniferum (Linn. :) stem smooth glaucous : leaves amplexicaul,
Tepand, cut and toothed ; teeth somewhat obtuse: capsules obovate or :

» and the calyx glabrous.—DC. prod. 1. p. 120; Spr. syst. 2. p. 5 wd
ill. t. 451; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 571; Wight! cat. n. 57.

II. ARGEMONE. Linn. ; Gert. fr. t.60; Lam. ill. t. 452.

_ Petals 4-6. Stamina numerous. Style scarcely any: stigmas 4~7, radiat-

mg, concave, free. Capsule obovate, l-celled, opening by valves at the

apex ; placente linear. Seeds spheerical, pitted.—Annual glaucous herbs,

abounding in a yellow juice, and covered with rigid prickles. Leaves sessile
B

18 - FUMARIACE/E. FUMARIA.

repand-sinuated, with thorny teeth. Peduncles erect both before and after
flowering. Flowers yellow or white.

. 59. (1) A. Mexicana (Linn. :) leaves deeply repand-sinuate, blotched with
white: flowers solitary: calyx glabrous, prickly: petals 4-6: stigmas 4-5:
capsules prickly, 4-5-valved.—DC. prod. 1. p. 120 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 604;
Wight ! cat. n. 59. Š

ORDER IX.—FUMARIACEX. DC.

Sepals 2, deciduous. Petals hypogynous, 4, cruciate; one or both
of the two outer saccate at the base; the two inner callous at the
apex, where they cohere and inclose the anthers and stigma. Stamens
hypogynous, 6, diadelphous, opposite the outer petals: anthers of the
middle stamens of each parcel 2-celled, of the outer ones l-celled.
Ovary 1-celled: style filiform, stigma with 2 or more points. Fruit a
1-seeded utricle; or a 2-valved, 2-seeded, indehiscent capsule; or a 2-
valved, polyspermous siliqua. Seeds with an arillus, attached to nar-
row parietal placente. Albumen fleshy. Embryo nearly straight,
minute, eccentric.—Herbaceous plants, with a watery juice. Leaves
alternate, multifid.

I. FUMARIA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 115.

Petals 4; the lower one distinct, linear ; the three upper united, the middle
one spurred downwards. Stamens diadelphous. Fruit ovate or globose,
indehiscent, l-seeded. Style deciduous after flowering —Annual smooth,

branched herbs. Leaves many times divided. Flowers racemose, whitish — —

or purplish. Peduncles terminal or opposite to the leaves.

60. (1) F. parvifi (Lam.:) leaves linear, channelled : bracteas at first as
long as the flower, afterwards about as short as the fructiferous pedicel: se-
pals minute: fruit globose, slightly pointed —DC. prod, 1. p. 130 ; Spr. syst.
3. p. 159 ; Wall.! L. n. 1436; Wight! cat. n. 61. Neelgherries.

In the Indian plant the flowers are rose-coloured, and approach closely to
F. Vaillantii.

* 61. (2) F. officinalis (Linn.:) bracteas two or three times shorter than
the fruit-bearing pedicel: sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply toothed, ———
scarcely so long as thé plóbose very abrupt ór'óbcordate frait—DC.! prod. 1- ——
p. 180 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 159; Wall. L. n. 1497.

- ORDER X.—CRUCIFERZ. | | Juss.

Sepals 4; two, corresponding to the two stigmas, are anterior and
posterior, and narrower than the others; two are lateral, or corres-
ponding to the valves, broader, concave at the base, gibbous or spurred.
Corolla hypogynous, cruciform: petals 4, alternate with the sepals,
nearly equal, deciduous. Stamens hypogynous, 6; the two opposite ——
the lateral sepals are solitary, shorter, and occasionally toothed ; four
in pairs opposite the anterior and posterior sepals, longer, generally —
free, sometimes connate, or furnished with a tooth on the inside: an- —
thers bilocular, introrse. Torus with several glands between the petals —

Nasturtium. CRUCIFERZ. 19

and the stamens, and ovarium. Ovarium syncarpous, usually bilocular.
Placentz parietal, usually meeting in the middle, and forming a spu-
rious dissepiment. Stigmas 2, opposite the placentz, or anterior and
posterior. Fruit a siliqua or silicule, rarely 1-celled and indehiscent,
usually spuriously bilocular, and dehiscing by two valves separating
from the placente; l- or many-seeded. Seeds campulitropous, pen-
dulous, attached in a single row by a funiculus to each side of the pla-
cent. Albumen none. Embryo with the radicle folded up on the
cotyledons, which are next the placenta.— Herbaceous plants, or very
seldom suffruticose. Leaves alternate.

The few following are all the species of this order we can introduce. Some others
are inserted in Wallich's List as coming either from the Peninsula, or found in
Heynes' or the Madras herbaria: of these Lepidium sativum Linn., Brass.ca oleracea

Inn., Raphanus sativus Linn., and Eruca sativa Linn., are commonly cultivated,
but not in igenous ; Sinapis glauca Roxb. ? (Wall. L. n. 4796), and S. brassicata Linn.
are from the missionaries’ garden ; S. dichotoma Roxb. we have seen in Hamilton’s
herbarium, but as Wallich does not seem to be certain that the Neelgherry plant
(Wall. L. n. 4791. b, c.) is the same, we do not give a description of it. Cheiranthus
maritimus Wall. L. n. 4801. b, is a European plant, cultivated at Veiis. rre

werent from C. Farsetia Ham. Of Sinapis rugosa and Sinapis levigata of

lich’s List, we know nothing; the last was OMADA. 80 named, from the Madras

cm rium, and consequently is probably the same with S. juncea Wall. L. n.
. Q.

‘I. NASTURTIUM. . Brown.

Calyx patent, equal at the base. Petals obovate, entire, or abortive. : Sta-
mens distinet, not toothed. Stigma somewhat capitate or 2-lobed. Siliqua
sessile, bilocular, longitudinally dehiscent, nearly terete, sometimes shortened
80 as to resemble a silicule, usually curved upwards ; valves externally con-
vex, neither nerved nor keeled: septum entire, broader than the seeds.
Seeds several, small; irregularly in a double series, obovate-oblong, without
à border. Radicle applied to the edge of the cotyledons (o==).—Herbaceous
plants usually aquatics. Leaves often pinnated. Pedicels filiform. Flowers
yellow or white.

62. (1) N. Madagascariense (DC.:) annual, branched: root fusiform and
brous: leaves lyrate-pinnatifid, unequally toothed: pedicels short, very
patent: petals (yellow) scarcely longer than the calyx : glands of the torus
minute: siliqua terete, 2-5 times longer than the pedicel, tipped with the
style, which is about a half shorter than the pedicel, and the 2-lobed sipna,
—«; Leaves glabrous ; stem firm.— Wight! cat. n. 67.—N. montanum, Wall. !
L. n. 4778.—ß; leaves glabrous: stem more flaccid,—Wight ! cat. n. 66.—
N. Madagascariense, DC. prod. 1. p. 138; Spr. syst. 2. p. 882.—N. Gange-
ticum, Ham.! in Wall. L. n. 4777 .— y; leaves and stems pubescent.—N. mi-
cranthum, DC. prod. 1. p. 138; Spr. 2. p. 882.—N. divaricatum, Ham.! in
Wall. L. n. 4716.— Sisymbrium micranthum, Roth. nov. sp. p. 928.——
M and £ from the Neelgherries; y in Heyne's Herbarium, probably from

ysore. | peccet
N, diversifolium, Wall. L. n. 4775, judging from Don's character of his JV.
yllum, which is probably d n gp seems referable to either « or A.

IL CARDAMINE. Linn.; Lam.ill.t.562; Gertn. fr. t. 143.
Calyx connivent or somewhat patent, equal at the base. Petals with a
Claw; limb entire. Stamens distinct, without teeth. "a sessile, linear,
B

20 CRUCIFERJE. . CAPSELLA.

elongated, compressed ; valves flat, nerveless, somewhat smaller than the in-
crassated replum,* from which they usually separate elastically. Style short,
or none: stigma nearly simple. Seeds ovate, without a border, forming a
single series: podosperms slender. Radicle applied to the edge of the coty-
ledons (o=).—Leaves petiole, dentire, lobed, or variously divided, often dif-
ferent on the same individual. Flowers white or rose-coloured.

63. (1) C. Borbonica ( Pers. :) leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets hairy on both sides,
particularly on the nerves beneath, petioled, ovate acuminated, unequal at the
base, irregularly and sharply toothed, terminal one sometimes 3-lobed or di-
vided into 3 leaflets similar to the others: siliqua erect.— DC. prod. 1. p. 1505
Spr. syst. 2. p. 885 ; Wight! cat. n. 69.—C. Wightiana, Wall.! L. n. 4/80.——

Neelgherries, in moist marshy ground about Ootacamund, at an elevation of
about 8000 feet.

64. (2) C. hirsuta (Linn.:) leaves all pinnated: leaflets of radical leaves
petiolate, roundish ; upper stem leaves oblong, nearly sessile; lower pair of
both distant from the stem: stamens 4-6, equal in length to the oblong pe-
tals: petals sometimes not so long, sometimes longer than the calyx: stigma
nearly sessile.—2 C. / prod. 1. p. 152; Spr. syst. 2. p. 887; Wall.! L. n. 4781;
Wight ! cat. n. 70, 71, 72. Neelgherries.

Found all over the world, and varying a good deal according to soil, mois-
ture, and exposure. C. Pensylvanica, Virginica, teres, sylvatica, umbrosa,
and perhaps parviflora of De Candolle and other authors, are referable to this
species.

HI. SINAPIS. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 143.

Calyx equal at the base, patent. Limb of the petals obovate. Stamens
distinct, entire. Siliqua somewhat terete, 2-celled, 2-valved, (sometimes of
two joints, of which the upper is without valves, resembling a beaked style).
Seeds in a single series in each cell, globose. Cotyledons folded, containing
the radiele in the fold (conduplicate o >>).—Herbaccous, rarely suffru-
tescent plants, with yellow flowers. |

65. (1) 8. juncea Cee) glabrous, lower leaves ovate-lanceolate, deeply
serrated ; upper ones lanceolate, attenuated at the base, quite entire: branches

fascicled: siliqua somewhat erect ; upper joint valveless, awl-shaped, desti- —

tute of seeds—DC. ! prod. 1. p. 218 ; Spr. syst.2. p. 912 ; Wall. ! L. n. 47945
Wight! cat. n. 68.—Neelgherries, and Dindygul mountains; perhaps not —
truly indigenous. :

IV. CAPSELLA. Ventn. ; Lam. ill. t. 557. f. 9.; Schk. Handb. 2. t. 180.

Calyx equal at the base. Petals entire. Stamens not toothed. Silicule —
compressed, triangular, truncate at the apex: septum membranaceous, nearly — |
linear; valves compressed, keeled (or navicular) but not winged at the back.
Seeds many in each cell, without a border. Cotyledons linear, with the ra-
dicle at their back (o||).—Annual. Radical leaves rosulate, toothed, cut
or variously lobed; stem leaves few, erect, oblong, sagittate at the basé.
Racemes terminal, elongated: pedicels filiform, much longer than the pod —
Flowers small white. e

66. (1) C. Bursa-pastoris (Msench.)—DC. ! Ll * ; EOM
4797 ^ desc fend Oo thine E. EE Ahly Spr.
syst. 2. p. 879.——Mountainous districts.

* Replum is the frame surrounding the disepiment, from which the valves fall off, and to which the — —

Creo, . CAPPARIDEJE. 21

: ORDER XL—CAPPARIDEJE. Juss.

Sepals 4. Petals 4, cruciate, usually unguiculate and unequal, hypo-
gynous, sometimes wanting. Stamens hypogynous, 4, 6, or indefinite,
but in general some high multiple of 4. Torus hemispherical or elon-
gated, often bearing glands. Ovary stalked : style 1, filiform, or some-
times none. Fruit unilocular, siliquæform, or fleshy and indehiscent,
rarely l-seeded, usually with two polyspermous placentæ at the margin
of the valves or carpels. Seeds generally reniform, with a thickened
testa. Albumen none. Embryo incurved: cotyledons foliaceous, some-
what flat.— Leaves alternate, stalked, undivided, or palmate. Stipules
none, or spinescent.

TRIBE I.—CLEOMEJE. DC.

Fruit truly capsular; valves somewhat membranaceous, dehiscent.—Herbaceous
or very rarely suffrutescent plants.

I. GYNANDROPSIS. DC.

- Calyx of four spreading sepals. Petals 4. Torus linear, elongated. Sta-
mens 6: the lower part of the filaments united with the torus its whole
length ; upper part free. Siliqua stalked within the calyx from the top of
the torus. ;
The filaments bei dnate to the torus, present the same appearance as if six
free stamens originated froth ‘the top of the | viguiedi hd at a distance from the

calyx. The African and Indian species have an open estivation, the petals being
open in the bud, and never at any period covering the stamens.

67. (1) G. pentaphylla (DC.:) stem more or less covered with glandular
Pe Mni dk S Be 5-foliolate, lower and floral leaves peer
late: leaflets obovate, puberulous, quite entire or slightly serrulated.—DC. !
prod. 1. p. 238; Wail.! L. n. 6964 ; Wight! cat. n. 73.—G. affinis, Blume.—
Cleome pentaphylla, Linn. ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 121.—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 96. f. 3.
— Common. : :

Cultivated specimens, from which De Candolle formed his specific character,
are almost glabrous ; but the stems of those from India are covered with short

ndular hairs, often intermixed with longer ones; whence G. heterotricha

* appears in no respect to differ as a species.

II. CLEOME. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 76.

_ Calyx of four spreading sepals. Petals 4. Torus short, nearly hemisphe-
tical. Stamens 6, or rarely only 4. Siliqua stalked within the calyx, or
almost Sessile. stalk to

The Indi ies hi he t ery minute, and the theca: or
the trait gee vga bare the 1 iy Wanting, bat is sometimes slightly pen

. 68. (1) C. monophylla (Linn. :) herbaceous, pubescent; leaves simple, E.
Cir Sica obtuse or slightly cordate at the base: peduncles E r E
siliqua puberulous, terete, striated, acute at the base, but almost quite s "i a
^cuminated with the subulate style: torus inconspicuous.—DC. de coh
1,2995 Spr. syst, 2. p. 123; Wall. ! L n. 6965 ; Wight ! eat. n. 14— C. cor-
E "s » Burch ; DC. prod. 1. p. 239.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 34; Burm. vu. t. 100.

, 69. (2) c. tenella (Linn. :) herbaceous, glabrous: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets
linear, twice the ees of Ls petiole - flowers hexandrous ; siliqua sessile,

22 CAPPARIDEZ. POLANISIA.

slender.— DC. prod. 1. p. 240; Spr. syst. 2. p. 123; Wall. L, n. 6966.—
Pluk. t. 224, f. 3.——Courtallum ; Heyne.

. 40. (3) C. aspera (Koen.:) herbaceous, glabrous, rough with minute scat-
tered prickles on both the stem and leaves: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong,
many times longer than the petiole: stamens 6: siliqua terete, torulose,

labrous, attenuated at the base but quite sessile, acuminated with the subu-

te style: torus inconspieuous.—2; leaflets obtuse or slightly acute.—
Wight! cat. n. 76.—C. aspera, DC. prod. 1. p. 241; Spr. syst. 2. p. 124;
Wall.! L. n. 6967.— ; leaflets emarginate.— Wight ! cat. n. 954. In culti-
vated soil not very common.

71. (4) C. Burmanni (W. & A.:) herbaceous, glabrous: stem, but not
the leaves, rough with minute scattered prickles: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets
obovate, much longer than the petiole: stamens 6: siliqua terete, glabrous,
attenuated at the base, about 4 or 5 times longer than the filiform thecaphore,
acuminated with the subulate style: torus inconspicuous.— Wight ! cat. n.
75.—C. dodecandra, Herb. Banks! (partly).— Polanisia dodecandra, DC.
prod. 1. p. 242 (character bad).—Burm. Zeyl. t. 100. f. 1. Rather frequent
in loose dry cultivated soil.

III. POLANISIA. Rafin.

Calyx of four spreading sepals. Petals 4. Stamens 8-32; filaments fili-
form or dilated below the anthers. Torus minute. Siliqua sessile within the
calyx, or with a very short thecaphore.

The following have the style shorter than the ovarium. Physostemon .„ and
Corynandra Schrad., Archie to be separated. - Mart

72. (1) P. Chelidonii (DC.:) stem hispid with scattered short prickly hairs,
otherwise glabrous: leaves 7-9-foliolate ; leaflets obovate or oblong, cuneate,
hispid with a close pressed rigid pubescence, scarcely so long as the petiole; -
upper floral leaves minute: stamens numerous (24-32); filaments club-
shaped: siliqua glabrous, terete, sessile.— DC. prod. 1. p. 242 ; Wall.! L.
n. 6969 ; Wight! cat. n. 78.—P. Schraderi, DC. pl. rar. hort. Gen. fase. 3.
p. 57.—P. Leschenaultii, DC. l, c.—Cleome chelidonii, Linn.: Spr. syst.
2. p. 125.—Corynandra pulchella, Schrad. ; Spr. syst. app. p. 204.—-—Moist
soil by the edges of rice fields. :

Flowers rose-coloured.

78. (2) P. icosandra (W. & A.:) stem covered with viscid glandular hairs:
leaves 3—5-foliolate ; leaflets obovate-cuneate or oblong, pubescent, scarcel
ec pi than the petiole: stamens about 20: siliqua terete, striated, roug
with glandular hairs, sessile, acuminated.— Wight ! cat. n. 77.—P. viscosa, B.
DC. prod. 1. p. 242.—P. viscosa, Wall.! L. n. 6968.—Cleome icosandra, Linn.
—C. dodecandra, Linn. (partly, and excluding the synonym).—C. viscosa,
Linn. (excluding the synon., and most of the escription).— Rumph. Amb. 5.
t. e f. 2. (bad); Burm. Zeyl. t. 99.—Among rubbish and by the sides of
walls. ;

Linnzus appears to have formed his C. dodecandra from a trifoliolate speci-
men of this plant: his C. viscosa, as far as regards the synonym, and the
shape of the leaves, is the same with P. felina, DC. P. viscosa, DC., as to the
character and cultivated specimens to which he refers, is P. graveolens, Raf. ;
his var. z is P. felina; and his 8 is the present plant. Sprengel's C. viscosa
(Syst. 2. p. 125), refers more particularly to P. graveolens.

74. (3) P. felina (DC.:) thickly covered, especially the leaves, with short
harsh prickly hairs: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly obovate, cuneate,
shorter than the petiole: stamens numerous (28-32) : siliqua oblong-linea, —

ompressed glabrous, sessile, suddenly attenuated into the style, about the —
luf. «P QU painele DE. prod. L p. 243; MORI L.n. 6971; Wig! —

4
*J

hooter, ic jet "gr.

NiEBURRIA. $ CAPPARIDEÆ. 23

eat. n. 79.—C. felina, Linn.—C. dodecandra, Linn. (partly).—Rheed. Mal.
9. t. 23.—Courtallum, Malajabad, and: elsewhere; but more rare than the
other species.

t 75. (4) P. heterophylla (Wall. L. n. 6970).

TRIBE II.—CAPPAREZE. DC.
Fruit more or less fleshy, not dehiscent or imperfectly so. Trees or shrubs.

IV. CRATZEVA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 895.

Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, unguiculate, larger than the calyx; not
closing over the stamens during eestivation (sestivation open. Br.) Stamens
8-28. Torus elongated or hemispherical. Berry stalked, between ovate and
globose, pulpy within: pericarp thin.—Shrubs without thorns. Leaves tri-
foliolate. Limb of the petals (in the Indian species) broad and roundish.

76. (1) C. Rowburghii (Br. :) leaflets ovate, tapering at the base, suddenly
acuminated ; lateral ones unequal at the base: limb of the petals roundish-
ovate: stamens numerous (16-20 or more): torus hemispherical: berry glo-
bose.— Brown in Denh. and Clapp. trav. app. ; Wight ! cat. n. 83, 84.—C. odo-
ta, Ham. ! in Linn. Soc. Trans. 15. p. 118.—C. religiosa, Ham.! i. c. (not
Vahl); Wall. L. n. 6972.—C. Tapia, Vahl symb. 3. p. 61.— Caparis trifolia,
Roxb.! fl. Ind. 2. p. 571. Coromandel coast, not uncommon.

: In C. religiosa, Ham. (Wight! cat. n. 84), the leaflets are narrower than in
his C. odora (Wight! eat. n. 83.)

77. (2) C. Nurvala (Ham. :) leaflets. ovate-lanceolate, acuminated ; lateral
ones unequal at the base: limb of the petals ovate-roundish : stamens nume-
TOUS: torus hemispherical: berry ovoid.— Ham. in Linn. Soc. Trans. 15. p.
121; Wall.! L. n. 6973; Wight! cat. n. 82.—C. Tapia, Burm. (partly).—C.
mermis, Linn. (partly ).—RAeed. Mal. 3. t. 42.— Frequent in rich moist soil

.9n the banks of ditehes and rivers on the Malabar coast; also in Mysore,

where it grows to the height of 15 or 20 feet. _ : ¥

V. NIEBUHRIA. DC.

Calyx of 4 sepals, united at the base into a tube, surrounding, but free
from, the lower part of the torus: estivation valvular. Petals none, or 4, al-
ternate with and shorter than the segments of the calyx, with the inside of
the tube of which their claws are so closely incorporated as to resemble 4 pe-
tals almost sessile at the top of the tube. Torus cylindrical, at length longer
than the tube of the calyx. Stamens numerous ; filaments below united with —
the torus, free above. Ovarium ovoid or cylindrical, 1-celled: ovules nume-
rous. Berry ovate or elongated, stalked.—The stamens appear as if they
Were entirely distinct, springing from the summit of the torus, The apeta-

species have trifoliolate leaves ; the tetrapetalous simple. To

78. (1) N. linearis (DC.:) leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate, oblong, or linear,
mw iure ncn sedit wrinkled so as to ers bum c shorter

„the petiole: racemes terminal: -tube campanulate: - none:

Ovarium and fruit ovoid: seed solitary ?—DC. prod. 1. p. 244 5. Wall. L. n.
2/95 Wight! cat. n. 100.—Capparis apetala, Roth. nov. sp. p. 238.—C. li- es

nifolia, Roxb. hort. Bengh, p. 41.—Cratzeva apetala,. Spr. syst. 2. p. 448. Ze

79. (2) N. oblongifolia (DC. leaves simple, oval-oblong, mucronate: calyx-

ube natrow-obconical: petals equal, lanceolate, waved, acute; scarcely half

_ the length of the divisions of the calyx : ovarium cylindrical: fruit constricted

around each seed, forming an elongated twisted and knotted berry ; each

24 CAPPADIDEA. CapaBa.

lobe or knot one-seeded.—z« ; leaves notched at the extremity.— Wight ! cat.
n. 86. a; Wall.! L. n. 6976. e.—N. arenaria, DC. prod. 1. p. 244.—£; leaves
rotuse or obtuse.— Wight ! cat. n. 86.—N. oblongifolia, DC. prod. 1. p. 244 ;
Wall. ! L. n. 6976. c. e.—Capparis heteroclita, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 570.—Cra-
teva oblongifolia, Spr. syst. 2. p. 448.—y; leaves ovate, acuminated.— Wight!
cat. n. 85 ; Wall.! L.n. 6976. a. æ from about Courtallam ; y from Cudda-
lore.

Certainly only one species: indeed the leaves vary on the same individual,
so that it is scarcely possible to limit the varieties. The singular fruit is
caused by the placents becoming indurated and nearly straight, while the
seeds bulge out the side of the berry ; so that it has the appearance of seve-
ral berries placed along a receptacle. The ovarium is erroneously described
by Roxburgh, and is certainly unilocular.

VI. CADABA. Forsk.

Calyx of 4 sepals ; 2 interior, smaller and more coloured than the outer ones.
Petals 4 or 2 with long claws, or none. Torus (nectary of authors) elonga-
ted, somewhat infundibuliform, erect, bearing the elongated ascending theca-
phore (or fruitstalk) at its base on the opposite side from the two middle pe-
tals. Stamens 4-6: filaments free above, united below into a column, which
surrounds and firmly coheres with the thecaphore for nearly half its length.
Fruit bacate, cylindrical, many-seeded.—Shrubs with simple or rarely trifolio-
late leaves, usually without thorns.

80. (1) C. Indica (Lam.:) without thorns: leaves from elliptic-oblong to
broad-lanceolate, mucronate, glabrous: torus tubular, mouth oblique, widen-
ing, toothed : petals and stamens 4: seeds immersed in firm pulp.— DC. prod.
1. p. 244 ; Wall.! L. n. 6977 ; Wight ! cat. n. 81.—Cleome fruticosa, Linn. ;
Burm. fl. Ind. t. 46. f. 3.—Stremia tetrandra, Vahl ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 766 ;
s f Ind. 2, p. 18.——Very common, especially in a dry soil, or among
rubbish.

81. (2) C. trifoliata (W. & A. :) without thorns: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets
ovate-oblong, petioled, glabrous: torus infundibuliform ; limb folded back on
one side with a few teeth on its margin: petals 2: stamens 6: fruit dry with-
in, imperfectly dehiscent from the base upwards: seeds remaining attached
to the placentze.— Wight ! cat. n. 80.—C. triphylla, Wight ! in Hook. Bot. misc.
supp. tab. 37.—Stremia trifoliata, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 79.—Desmocarpus mis-
sionis, Wall. L, n. 6978.—— Courtallum and Pathucottah.

This species has so many remarkable characters in common with the others
of the genus, that we are not disposed to separate it on account of the trifo-
liolate leaves, and structure of the fruit.

VII. CAPPARIS. Linn.; Lam. illt. 446.

Calyx of 4 sepals. Petals 4, sessile. Torus inconspicuous. Stamens nu-
merous, distinct. Siliqua more or less baccate, stalked.—Shrubs with simple
entire leaves.

In the Indian and New Holland species the flower-buds ar bular ; sepals
ovate, concave, obtuse, imbricated, and unequal ; and the thecishors g :

$ 1. Pedicels axillary, solitary or rarely 2-8 from the same point.

82. (1.) C. brevispina (DC.:) stipules thorny, short, straightish : leaves
short-petioled, varying from broad-lanceolate to broadly oval, more or less
acute, mucronate, coriaceous, glabrous, reticulated, paler beneath : pedicels
slender, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, a little shorter than the leaves: ova-

num oblong, densely pubescent: berry roundish with an even surface.—C.

Capparis. CAPPARIDEJE. 25

acuminata, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 566 (not Willd.)—2; leaves ovate or oblong,
lanceolate.— Wight ! cat. n. 99.—C. brevispina, DC. prod. 1. p. 246 ; Spr. syst.
2. p. 573.—8; leaves oval, oblong, aeute.— Wight ! cat. n. 97.—C. Rheedii,
DC.! prod. 1. p. 246 (excluding the synon. of Rheede) ; Spr. syst. 2. p.573.—
C. Wightiana, Wall. ! L. n. 6987. a.—y ; leaves roundish-ovate, slightly cor-
date at the base.— Wight ! cat. n. 101.—C. rotundifolia, Rottl. and Willd. ;
DC. prod. 1. p. 245 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 573.— Malabar, and perhaps the Coro-
mandel coasts. sex. fil TL I2 Ó :

Roxburgh's description is excellent: he was well aware of the variable
shape of the leaves: the specimen from him seen by De Candolle belongs to
our a, while the figure transmitted to the India House Museum (tab. 656.)
represents our y. Perhaps future observations may do away even with the
permanency of the varieties. The name given by Rottler and Willdenow is
not applicable to all the states, hence we have taken the later one.

83. (2) C. pyrifolia (Lam. :) stipules thorny, short, hooked : leaves between
ovate and oval-lanceolate, mucronate; the younger ones densely pubescent,
older ones glabrous: pedicels short and stout, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered,

times longer than the petiole: ovarium narrow-oblong, glabrous, furrow-
ed.— Lam. encycl. meth. 1. p. 606 (var. «) ; DC. prod. 1. p. 246; Spr. syst.
2. p. 513 ; Wight! cat. n. 94.—C. grandiflora, Wall. ! cat. n. 6984.—In the
mountainous districts.

84. (3) C. stylosa (DC. :) stipules thorny, short, nearly quite straight ; leaves
from linear-lanceolate to elliptical, mucronate, glabrous, 5-nerved at the base,
otherwise feather-nerved ; nerves parallel, nearly simple, converging towards
the point of the leaf: pedicels short and stout, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered,
about 2 or 3 times longer than the petiole: ovarium glabrous, globose, sud-
denly attenuated into a thickish style: berry globose, warted, crowned by the
shortish thick style.—2; leaves narrow-lanceolate, acute.— Wight ! cat. n. 95.
—C. stylosa («); DC. prod. 1. p. 246 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 513 ; Wall. ! cat. n. 6980.
a. (corrected at p. 250. to C. brevispina).—C. horrida, Herb. Banks !—8 ;
ns verd elliptical.—Wight ! cat. n. 96; Wall.! L. n. 6980. c.—Pluk.

85. (4) C. Wallichiana (W. & A.:) stipules thorny, very short, straight :
leaves on longish petioles, elliptic-oblong, feather-nerved, slightly reticula-
; young ones thin, smoothish, and shining above, tomentose beneath ; old
Ones glabrous: pedicels slender, axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, 4 or 5 times
anger than the petiole : ovarium oblong, densely pubescent.— Wight ! cat. n.

This has the same form of leaves as C. bisperma, Roxb., but has the pedi-
cels all axillary, and not forming a leafless raceme.

86. (5) C. Heyneana (Wall.:) stipules thorny, very minute, straight ;
leaves ovate or obovate, lanceolate, glabrous, 3-nerved at the base, otherwise

ther-nerved ; nerves few, sunk above, very prominent beneath, iei d
springing from the midrib in the lower part of the leaf, and there paralle
Simple, converging to the apex: pedicels pretty stout, axillary or terminal
at the top of the shoots, solitary, 1-flowered, 3-4 times longer than the
Petiole : ovary oblong, densely pubescent.— Wall. ! L. n. 6985 ; Wight ! cat.
Got Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 57. (not C. Rheedii, DC.)— Cochin, in Travancore.

ourtallum,

ves from 3 to 4 inches long.

$ 2. Pedicels 1-ftowered, springing from the stem in a line one above the other,
a little above the axils of the leaves (supra-axillary).

87. (6) C. Zeylanica (Linn. :) sti ules terete, thorny, short, straight : leaves
varying from broadly AE ides ene at each end, to ovate; young ones
tomentose .; older ones glabrous: pedicels supra-axillary, 2-4 in a

5

26 CAPPARIDEJE. Capparis.

vertical line, approximate, about half the length of the leaf—DC. prod. 1.
p.247; Spr. syst. 2. p. 573 ; Wight ! cat. n. 93.—C. acuminata, Willd. sp. 2.
p. 1131 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 247 ; Spr. Syst. 2. p. 573.

'The specimen before us, obtained from the Madras or Missionary herba-
rium, and named C. acuminata, is therefore the plant of Willdenow ; but we
do not think it can be separated from C. Zeylanica. C. acuminata of Rox-
burgh we have already referred to; the plant of Wallich! (L. n. 6990) is a
new species quite distinct from either. We do not know the C. Zeylanica of
Wallich's List, n. 6989, which perhaps contains more than one species.

88. (7) C. horrida (Linn. :) stipules laterally compressed, thorny, hooked :
leaves from elliptic-oblong to broadly ovate, with a longish broad rigid mu-
cro; older ones glabrous ; younger ones beneath, and branchlets and sepals,
densely pubescent: pedicels supra-axillary, 2-4 in a vertical line, unequal;
lower one about equal to the petiole ; upper ones longer: ovarium glabrous,
globose, pointed.—DC. prod. 1. p. 246 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 573; Wal. ! L.n.
6981. a-e ; Wight! cat. n. 90. 92.—C. teruiflora, DC. prod. 1. p. 247 ; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 574.—C. quadriflora, DC. prod. 1. p. 247 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 514.—C.
pyrifolia, 6, Lam.—C. Zeylanica, Herb. Banks! ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 567.

é It -A difficult to say whether Pluk. phyt. t. 107. f. 3. belongs to this or to

. stylosa.

§ 3. Pedicels forming a corymb or raceme.

89. (8) C. bisperma (Roxb. :) arborescent : stipules thorny, on the lower
branches recurved, on the young shoots very small or often wanting: leaves
oval-oblong, obtuse or retuse, slightly cuneate at the base, glabrous: pedun-

cles racemose, lower ones axillary, about half the length of the leaf; upper — 1

ones with bracteas shorter than themselves: ovarium globose?: berry nearly
globose, 2-seeded.— Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 93 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 568 ; Wight! cat. —
n. 104 ?—C. maxima, Roxb. in E.I.C. mus. tab. 156.—C. grandis, Herb.
Klein. !— Coromandel ; Roaburgh. i

, Our character is taken entirely from Roxburgh’s figure and description.
The only specimen we have seen is from Klein’s herbarium, from Putland in
Ceylon ; but it 1s so exceedingly imperfect, that we have been principally
guided in referring it here by the attached name, C. grandis, with which Rox-
burgh also compares his plant. May this and our C. Wallichiana eventually
prove to be the same species ?; the petals in both are oblong, but in C. Wal-
lichiana they are double the size of those in Roxburgh’s figure of C. disperma.

90. (9) C. Roxburghii (DC. :) shrubby : stipules thorny, recurved, hooked:
leaves elliptic-oblong, obtuse, tapering at the base, glabrous: racemes termi-
nal, corymbiform, leafless : ovarium obovoid?: berry globose, many-seeded.—
— DC. prod. 1. p. 247.—C. corymbosa, Roxb. hort: Bengh. p. 93 ; fl. Ind. 2.
p. 569.—C. aguba, Rozb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 158.—— Coromandel ; Roxburgh.

Flowers much larger than the last, and petals broadly obovate. Our cha-
racter is taken from Roxburgh’s figure and description,

91. (10) C. incanescens (DC. :) shrubby: branches diffuse, very flexuose,
somewhat dichotomous : stipules thorny, hooked: leaves elliptic-oblong, mu-
cronulate ; young ones and branches hoary with adpressed pubescence: co-
tymbs many-flowered, almost umbelliform, sessile or nearly so: pedicels and
> p 3 Mee globose, pointed, glabrous.— DC. prod. 1. .p. 247 ;

all. ! L.n.6994 ; Wight! cat. n. 106,—C. stylosa i .! prod. 1.
p. 246.—— Southern provinces. JL bo tfe rd B. uan dps ;

Perhaps this is a mere variety of the following.

92. (11) C. sepiaria (Linn.:) shrubby: stipules thorny, hooked: leaves
roundish ovate or broadly elliptical, emarginate ; young ones beneath, as well |
as the branches, pubescent ; older ones almost or quite glabrous: corymbs -
many lowered, almost umbelliform, sessile: pedicels and ealyx glabrous: |

Capparis. CAPPARIDEA. 27

ovarium globose, pointed, glabrous: berry globose, 1-seeded.—DC. prod. 1.
p. 247 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 575 (excluding synon.) ; Roxb. Jt. Ind. 2. p. 568 ;
Wail. ! L. n. 6993; Wight! cat. n. 105. Coromandel and elsewhere, not
uncommon. m

An excellent plant for hedges. Flowers small, in both this and the last 3
petals oblong, scarcely more than a line and a-half long.

93. (12) C. pedunculosa (Wall. :) stipules thorny, hooked : leaves roundish
ovate, obtuse, cordate at the base, very shortly petioled, glabrous: umbels
sessile, terminal, often on very short axillary branches, few (2-5)-flowered :
pedicels and calyx glabrous: ovarium globose, pointed, glabrous: fruit glo-
bose, with several seeds.— Wall. ! L. n. 6999 s, Wight! cat. n. 89—Near

Point Calamere in Tanjore. A724. n.n

94. (13) C. grandis (Linn.:) shrubby: stipules none on the younger
branches ; extremely short and resembling a small sharpish wart on the older :
leaves roundish-ovate, usually cuneate at the base, acute or somewhat obtuse
at the apex, glabrous above, pubescent beneath ; older ones almost glabrous:
Tacemes terminal, at the end of the branches, or on axillary branchlets, be-
tween longish-corymbiform and almost umbelliform : pedicels and calyx pu-
bescent: ovary globose, pointed, glabrous: berry globose, 2-seeded.—z ; leaves
Somewhat glaucous beneath, pubescence scanty.— Wight ! cat. n. 108.—C,
grandis, Linn. ; DC. prod.1. p. 248 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 574 ; Wall. L. n. 6996.
€ ?—C. racemifera, DC. prod. 1. p. 248 ? Spr. syst. 2. p. 576 ?—58; leaves with
close, adpressed, greyish or almost silvery pubescence.— Wight ! cat. n. 102.—
C. grandis, Wall.? L. n. 6996. b.—C. obovata, Ham. ! in DC. prod. 1. p. 248 ;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 574.—C. maxima, Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p. 231 ; DC. prod.
l. p. 248 ; Wall. L. n. 6995. Mysore and Travancore.

95. (14) C. diversifolia (W. & A. :) shrubby : stipules short, hooked : leaves
on the older branches linear, acuminated ; on the younger oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated ; all mucronate, reticulated, quite glabrous: corymbs umbelli-

Tm, sessile at the extremities of the narrow-leaved branches, few (2-8)-
flowered : pedicels about equal to the calyx, and with it puberulous: ovary
narrow-oblong, glabrous.— Wight ! cat. n. 952.

96. (15) C. aphylla (Roxb.:) glabrous: stipules thorny, short, nearly
Straight: leaves (on the young shoots only) linear-subulate, mucronate, al-
most twice the length of the stipules, caducous : flowers corymbose ; corymbs
nearly sessile, from the axils of the stipules: ovarium globose, pointed, gla-
brous.— Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 41 ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 238 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 246;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 573 ; Wall.! L. n. 6983. a. d. (and probably the others) ;
Wight ! cat. n. 91 ——— Siwalaperi near Tuticorin, in the district of Tinnevelly ;
Klein ; Rottler ; Heyne.

Species scarcely known. .

97. (16) C. divaricata (Lam.:) glabrous: stipules thorny short, curved :
leaves very shortly petioled, exactly linear, elongated, mucronate, coriaceous.
Fab prod. 1. p. 252 3 Wight ! cat. n. 88.—C. horrida, var. angustifolia, Herb.

ks.

. Neither flower nor fruit have been examined by us: the section to which
At belongs is therefore doubtful: it is readily distinguished by being quite gla-
prous, and by its leaves scarcely above a line wide, although almost two
Inches long. The stipules are divaricated or parallel on the same specimen.

erhaps it may prove a oung vigorous shoot of C. aphylla. We do not
know whether Wallich's List n. 6988 is referable here or not.

mi (17) C. reticulata. (Klein.)—Wall. L. n. 6986.—C. coerulea, Herb.

y

28 RESEDACEAX. _ RESEDA:

t99. (18) C. uncinata (Wall. L. n. 6998.)——Neelgherries ; Notan.
+100. (19) € ? malabarica (Heyne.)—Wall. L. n. 7000,
T 101. (20) C. Russeliana (Wall. L. n. 7001.)—C. grandis, Herb. Russel.

ORDER XIL—RESEDACEE. DC.

Calyx of 4—6 persistent sepals, or rotate and 5-toothed : sestivation
open. Petals rarely none, usually as: many as and alternate with the
segments of the calyx, furnished with broad claws, upper and lateral
ones fringed or cleft : zstivation open. Stamens 2-4 times as many as
the calycine segments: filaments more or less and variously united :
anthers bilocular, erect, opening longitudinally. Torus very short, or
resembling a stipes, bearing usually under the stamens an obtuse nec-
tariferous scale. Carpels 3-6, each with 1 style, distinct, or united to-
gether into a single ovarium. Fruit of 3-6 few-seeded follicles, de-
hiscing internally ; or an unilocular polyspermous, 3-6 valved capsule,
indehiscent except at the apex ; or fleshy, unilocular, aud polyspermous.
Placentze parietal. Seeds somewhat pendulous; testa crustaceous.
Albumen very thin, between fleshy and membranaceous. Embryo
curved terete: radicle superior: cotyledons fleshy, semicylindrical.—
Herbaceous plants, with alternate leaves ; stipules none, or represented
by glands. Flowers on short pedicels.

I. RESEDA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 410 ; Gaertn. fr. ts 15.

Sepals 4-6. Petals 4-6, unequal. Stamens 10-24. Carpels 3-6, united
into a 3-6 angled 1-celled capsule, opening at the apex, and crowned with 3-6
styles. Placente alternate with the styles, bearing numerous seeds in a
double row. Seeds with a dotted testa,

102. (1) R. alba (Linn. :) leaves deeply pinnatifid : lobes linear-oblong, en-
tire, often waved, margin scabrous: sepals 5 : petals all with a simple claw ex-
panding into the 3-fid limb. Styles 4 or rarely 3, persistent, connivent at the
apex : fruit erowded.—Spr. syst. 2. p. 464 ; Wight! cat. n. 955.—R. undata,
Linn.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 464, —— Neeelgherries.

ORDER XIL—FLACOURTIANEJX. Rich.

Sepals 4-7, cohering slightly at the base. Petals equal in number to,
and alternate with, the sepals, sometimes wanting. Stamens hypogy-
nous, equal in number to the petals or some multiple of them, occa-
sionally changed into nectariferous scales. Ovary roundish, sessile or
slightly stalked : style none, or filiform: stigmas several, more or less
distinct. Fruit unilocular, containing a thin pulp, either fleshy and in-
dehiscent, or capsular with 4—5 valves. Placentz parietal, branching
over the inner surface of the valves. Seeds few, thick, often enveloped
in a pellicle formed by the withered pulp. Albumen fleshy, somewhat
oily. Embryo straight, in the axis of the albumen: radicle turned to-

FracovRTIA. FLACOURTIANEJE. 29

wards the hilum : cotyledons flat, foliaceous.— Leaves alternate, simple,
` without stipules. Flowers sometimes unisexual.

I. FLACOURTIA. L Her. $1.1. 30; Lam. ill. t. 826.

Flowers apetalous, usually dicecious. Marr. Stamens arranged closely
on the dilated torus, not surrounded by a gland at their base: anthers nearly
globose. Frm. Calyx deciduous. Ovarium sometimes attenuated at the
apex, but without a style. Stigmata 4-9, radiating, linear, furrowed above,
dilated and emarginate at the apex. Seeds bony.—Shrubs usually thorny.
Leaves occasionally serrated, toothed, or crenated on the same individual.
Peduncles axillary, bearing several flowers.

* 103. (1) F. Ramontchi (L'Her. :) arborescent: thorns few, naked: leaves
between roundish-ovate and oblong; young ones mucronate ; older ones.
somewhat obtuse, membranaceous: flowers dicecious: stigmas 5-9.— DC.
prod. 1. p. 256 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 607; Wall.! L. n. 6677 ; Wight! cat. n. 108.
—Stigmarota Africana, Lour. Cochin. p. 719. -

104. (2) F. sapida (Roxb.:) shrubby, thorns scattered, naked: leaves el-
liptical-obtuse, older ones membranaceous: flowers diccious: stigmas 5-7.
—Roxb. Cor. 1. p. 49. t. 69; DC. prod. 1. p. 256 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 607 ; Wall. !
L. n. 6675 ; Wight! cat. n. 107.

Except the trifling points noticed in the characters, and that the present
= smaller leaves than F. Ramontchi, we cannot see any difference between
them.

105. (3) F. sepiaria (Roxb.:) shrubby: thorns very numerous, patent,
bearing leaves and flowers: leaves obovate-oblong ; older ones very rigid and
coriaceous: flowers dicecious : stigmas 8-4,—Rowb. Cor. 1. p. 48. t.68; DC.
prod. 1. p. 256 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 607 ; Wall. ! cat. n. 6676; Wight! cat. n. 109.
—Rheed, Mal. 5. t. 39.

106. (4) F. inermis (Roxb.:) arborescent: thorns none: leaves ovate :
flowers bisexual: stigmas 4-5.—Rowb. Cor. 3. t. 222 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 256 ;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 607 ; Wall.! L. n. 6673; Wight! cat. n. 13.

Dr Wallich suggests that this may be a species of Rowmea, probably owing
to the sepals persisting longer than usual; but in Poiteau's Roumea there
Seem to be other characters, which are wanting in F. inermis. What Dr
Wallich calls Roumea is a genus different from either Poiteau's or Flacour-
tia; for it we retain Loureiro’s name of Phoberos. Roumea inermis, DC.

Bessera inermis, Spr.) does not appear to belong to the order. Stigmarota
Jangomas of Loureiro and De Candolle is an undoubted Flacourtia, and ap-
parently not distinct from F. cataphracta, Roxb.

` II. PHOBEROS. Lour.

Flowers apetalous, bisexual. Calyx 10-12-parted, persistent ; segments in
a double row, rounded ; the 5-6 interior usually unequal, some of them similar
to, others smaller than, the exterior. Stamens numerous, inserted on the ex-
Panded torus: filaments filiform: anthers versatile, 2-celled, and opening by
two clefts at the base ; connectivum produced much beyond the anthers, into
^ long-attenuated bluntish horn. Style elongated, tapering, stout: stigma
capitate, angled, marked above with 3-4 furrows. Berry 3-4-seeded.—

aves alternate, crenato-serrate ; serratures glanduliferous.

107. (1) P. erenatus (Wight:) without thorns?: leaves elliptic-oblong,
lanceolate, acute and without glands at the base, obtusely serrated ; veins

30 FLACOURTIANEJE. Hypnocarpus

scarcely prominent beneath — Wight ! cat. n. 62.—Flacourtia crenata, Wall. !
L. n. 6679 (partly.)——Neelgherries.

108. (2) P. lanceolatus (Wight :) without thorns?: leaves oblong-lanceo-
late, acuminated, slightly and obtusely serrated, without glands at the base,
beneath paler with the veins prominently reticulated.— Wight ! cat. n. 68.—
Flacourtia crenata, Wall. ! L. n. 6679 (partly.) Neelgherries.

The flowers are larger, and the specimen before us has quite a different ap-
pearance from P. crenatus.

109. (3) P. Wightianus (W. & A.:) very thorny: leaves roundish-ovate
with a short obtuse acumination, without glands at the base, scarcely serrate,
the serratures often resembling mere glands, very coriaceous and hard, be-
neath somewhat prominently reticulated.— Wight! cat. n. 64.— Flacourtia
Wightiana, Wall. L. n. 6672?

We believe this is also from the Neelgherries; it was sent formerly to Dr
Wallich marked “ Phoberos," and our only uncertainty arises from his not
having quoted that synonym in his list.

* 110. (4) P. macrophyllus (W. & A. :) arborescent, thorny: leaves broadly
lanceolate, acuminated, obtuse or somewhat truncate at the base, bearing
there a gland on each side of the petiole.— Wight ! cat. n. 288.—Flacourtia
inermis? Wall.! L. n. 6673. g, h.

Our specimens are from Klein's herbarium. It is cultivated in the mission-
ary garden, and is said to have come from Ceylon. Klein describes it as an
arborescent thorny shrub, with a dry berry: the upper branches are free
from thorns. The P. chinensis of Loureiro, which Mr Arnott has in his herba-
rium from Canton, has likewise a gland on each side of the petiole at the base
of the leaf, but the leaves are very coriaceous, nearly entire, and elliptical,
with scarcely any acumination. d

III. HYDNOCARPUS. | Gertn. fr. t. 60.

Flowers dicecious. Sepals 5; the two outer ones ovate; the three inner
much larger, exceedingly concave, somewhat petaloid ; estivation twisted.
Petals 5, fringed with elose soft snow-white hairs: sstivation twisted. Scales
(abortive stamens?) 5, almost half the size of the petals to which they are op-
posite, somewhat fleshy, densely hairy. Marr. Stamens 5, in the centre of the
flower; filaments subulate, hairy at the base: anthers flattish, nearly reni-
form; cells separated by the broad connectivum. No vestiges of a pistil.
Fem. Stamens as in the male, but anthers without pollen. Style 0. Stigma
peltate, flat, closely pressed on the summit of the ovary and crowning it,
5-parted ; each segment cuneate and deeply bifid. Ovarium globose ; ovules
numerous. Berry globose, crowned with the undivided portion of the stigma
now thickened and erect (resembling a short stout style) and bearing the re-
mains of its lobes, Seeds numerous.— Trees, Leaves glabrous; secondary
nerves simple, connected with transverse small nearly simple and straight
veins.

111. (1) H. inebrians (Vahl.)—Vahl, . 3. p. 100 ; DC. 1. p. 257 ;
Spr. a) 1. p. 7925 Wall.! L n. Gob; Wah] cat. n. aiit den
coast, common. . "

Vareca moluccana, Roxb., and perhaps his other Species, cannot be united

to Hydnocarpus as Sprengel has done; they seem to form a genus among the
Bixinec.

Brxa. BIXINEZ. 31

ORDER XIV.—BIXINE/E. Kunth.

Sepals 4-7, distinct, or cohering at the base: sstivation imbrieated.
Petals five, hypogynous, resembling the sepals, or none. Stamens hy-
pogynous, indefinite, distinct, inserted on the discoid torus: anthers
bilocular. Ovary sessile, l-celled: ovules attached to 2-7, narrow,
parietal placentz : style single, or 2-4 cleft. Fruit capsular or baccate,
l-celled, many seeded ; placentz in the middle of the valves. Seeds
enveloped in pulp. Albumen fleshy, or very thin, including the embryo,
which is slightly curved: radicle pointing to the hilum: cotyledons fo-
liaceous.— Leaves alternate, simple, with deciduous stipules.

, Mr Don is disposed to adopt the name Prockiacee for this order, and to remove
Biza, with Sloanea and Ablania, to the neighbourhood of the Tiliacee.

I. BIXA. Linn; Lam. ill. t. 469 ; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 61.

Sepals 5, orbicular, tuberculate at the base, deciduous. Petals 5, obovate,
entire.. Stamens numerous, distinct : filaments filiform: anthers ovate. Style
single, elongated, so compressed at the apex as to be almost ligulate. Cap-
sule 2-valved: valves prickly on the outside, bearing a linear placenta inter-
nally along their middle. Seeds 8-10 attached to each placenta, surrounded
by a farinaceous coloured pulp. Albumen fleshy.—Trees with broad cordate
leaves, and dichotomous panicles of large flowers.

112. (1) B. Orellana (Linn.:) leaves cordate, ovate, acuminated, entire or
angular, free from scales on both surfaces: fruit nearly globose.— DC. prod. 1.
D. 259; Spr. syst. 2. p. 594; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 581; Wall.! L. n. 1067 ;
Wight ! cat. n. 111.—Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 19.

ORDER XV.—VIOLARIEJE. “DC. j

Sepals five, persistent ; æstivation imbricated. . Petals hypogynous,
five, usually withering, generally unequal; æstivation obliquely con-
volute. Stamens five, alternate with the petals, or occasionally opposite
to them, inserted on the hypogynous dise or torus : anthers bilocular,
itrorse, closely approximated or united laterally to each other: fila-
ments dilated, elongated beyond the anthers ; two of them, in the irre-
gular flowers, usually with an appendage at the base. Ovary 1-celled,
with many (rarely one) ovules: style single, usually declinate, with an
oblique cucullate stigma. Capsule three-valved, loculicide, bearing
the placenta on the middle of the valves. Embryo straight, erect, in
the axis of a fleshy albumen.—Leaves alternate, rarely opposite, with
Persistent stipules and an involute vernation. peti eee,

I. VIOLA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t.725; Gaertn. fr. t. 112.

Sepals unequal, all more or less auricled at the base, erect after flowering.
etals unequal, convolute in sestivation ; lower one more or less produced
downwards and backwards into a kind of hollow spur. Stamens very close

-

32 = VIOLARIER. Vii

together, inserted at the apex of the pentagonal 5-toothed torus; the two
anterior ones bearing on their back two nectariferous processes contained
within the spur: filaments distinct, dilated at the base, bearing the anthers
low down: anthers connate; lobes diverging at the base. Ovarium some-
times girded round at the base by the concave torus (or apparently half-infe-
rior.) Capsule valves contracting elastically and scattering the ripe seeds.
Seeds horizontal, with an evident carunculus, somewhat ovoid and shining.
—Low herbaceous plants, rarely annual, usually perennial, sometimes with a
very short or subterraneous stem (then called stemless), sometimes caulescent,
and rarely somewhat shrubby. Leaves alternate, withering. Peduncles soli-
tary 1-flowered, not jointed; furnished with two little bracteoles, recurved
at the apex before flowering, afterwards erect.

113. (1) V. Patrinii (DC.:) root woody, somewhat branched, its trunk
hardish: leaves glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, truncate at the base,
crenated ; petioles winged, 14-3 times longer than the leaf ; stipules adhering
to the petiole for half their length: sepals lanceolate: torus flattish: style
attenuated downwards: stigma rostrate, triangular, margined: valves of the
fruit straightish, somewhat truncated.— DC / prod. p. 293; Spr. syst. 1.
p. 798 ; Wight! cat. n. 113.—V. Chinensis, G. Don.—V. primuleefolia, Linn.
(partly); Lour. fl. cochin. 2. p. 628.—V. Notaniana, Wall, L. n. 1449 29 —
Neelgherries.

We place no dependence on the petals being bearded, the allied V. primu-
lefolia from North America proving how inconstant that character is. We
suspect also that V. cespitosa, Don (V. Patrinii var. Nepalensis DC. and
Wall. L. n. 1445), may be a short petioled variety.

114. (2) V. Wightiana (Wall.:) stoloniferous, slightly hairy: leaves cor-
date-ovate, crenated: sepals lanceolate, somewhat acute: spur short, very
blunt: torus flattish: style attenuated downwards: stigma rostrate, convex
but not hooked, neither margined nor papillose: fruit globose ?—Wall,! L.
n. 4021; Wight! cat. n. 112.—— N. eelgherries,

Too closely allied to F. odorata j nor can we point out any differences ex-
cept the smaller petals, narrower and more acute sepals, and stigma not
hooked, all of which may have arisen from the different climate of the East.

t 115. (3) V. Mysorensis (Wall. L. n. 1446.)

Of this we know nothing: the plant associated with it doubtfully by Dr
Wallich from Hamilton’s herbarium, is P. primulefolia, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 650.
(not Willd.), and is a species that differs principally from V. Patrinii and
V. ovata Nutt, by the leaves triangular and acute.

IL. IONIDIUM. VPentn. i

Sepals small, unequal, without auricles ; margin membranaceous. Petals
unequal ; lower one 2-3 times longer than the others, more or less unguicu-
late, carinately concave and a little gibbous at the base of the unguis in front ;
margins usually involute in sestivation. Stamens close together: filaments
distinct, bearing the anthers low down, not terminated with bristles ; the two
anterior ones usually furnished with a nectarial gland at the base. Capsule-
valves not elastic.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent low plants. Peduncles soli-
tary 1-flowered, jointed, bearing two bracteoles above the middle.

116. (1) I. suffruticosum (Ging.:) stems pubescent, branched near the

e; branches nearly simple: lower leaves the broader, upper ones oblong-
lanceolate, mucronate, more or less pubescent, toothed or serrated ; stipules — —
subulate: sepals narrow, acuminated, strongly keeled: lower petal nearly |

Tonrpium. VIOLARIEA, 33

orbicular, obtuse, long-unguiculate : capsule nearly globose : seeds 9, obovoid,
shining (whitish), longitudinally furrowed.—DC. prod. 1. p. 311; Wall.! L.
n. 1439 ; Wight ! cat. n. 115.—I. enneaspermum, DC. prod. 1. p. 308? (scarcely
of Ventn.)—I. frutescens, Ging. in DC. prod. 1. p. 311.—I. Wightianum, Wail,
L. n. 4020 ?—Viola suffruticosa, Linn.; Roxb. Jl. Ind. 1. p. 649 ; Roth. nov.
sp: p. 165.—V. frutescens, Roth. nov. sp. p. 166.—Solea enneasperma, Spr.
syst. 1. p. 804.— Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 60. Madras and elsewhere, not uncom-
mon.

Exceedingly variable, both as to the shape of the leaves and their pubes-
cence. In some situations the stems are nearly erect, and the whole plant
has the appearance of an annual ; in others they are prostrate, and perfectly
suffrutescent, like a Helianthemum.

117. (2) I. enneaspermum (Ventn.:) stems branched: lower leaves the
broader, upper ones linear-lanceolate ; stipules subulate: sepals narrow, acu-
minated, slightly keeled: lower petal nearly orbicular, acute at each end,
long-un uiculate: capsule somewhat globose : seeds 9, obovoid, shining .
(whitish), longitudinally furrowed.—Wall. L. n. 1438; Wight ! cat. n. 114.
—I. heterophyllum, Ventn.; DC. prod. 1. p. 308.—I. capense y Burmanni,
DC. prod. 1. p. 308.—I. erectum, Ging. in DC. prod. 1. p. 311.—Viola ennea-
sperma, Linn.; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 650 ?—V. erecta, Roth. nov. sp. p. 165.—
Solea erecta, Spr. syst. 1. p. 804.—Pluk. t. 120. f. 8; Burm. Zeyl. t. 85? a

ome specimens are perfectiy pubescent, others quite glabrous. It is a
more erect and twiggy species than the last, and has much smaller flowers.

+118. (3) I. leptorrhizum (DC.:) “stem simple or sparingly branched,
nearly glabrous: leaves alternate, glabrous, somewhat glaucous, ovate, acute,
shortly tapering into the petiole, toothed ; stipules linear-subulate : sepals
very acute.” — DC. prod. 1. p. 308.—— Malabar and Tranquebar ; Herb. Banks.
erhaps a mere state of 7. suffruticosum. We exclude the synonyms ad-
duced byDe Candolle ; that of Plukenet belonging to our last species ; that
of Rheede (Mal. 9. t. 61) to Polygala arvensis.

ORDER XVL—DROSERACEJX. DC.

Sub-ord. 1, DROSERE® (Arn.) Sepals 5, persistent, equal: æsti-
vation imbricative. Petals 5, hypogynous. Stamens hypogynous,
distinct, withering, five and alternate with the petals, or ten: anthers
bilocular, bursting longitudinally. Ovary one: styles 3-5, slightly
Connected at the base or distinct, bifid or branched. Capsule 3-5-
valved, loculicide, 1-celled, or spuriously 3-celled, the dissepiments
being formed by the placentas meeting in the axis. Seeds without an
arillus ; testa sometimes loose and distinct from the tegmen. Embryo
straight, erect, in the axis of a fleshy or cartilaginous albumen.—Leaves

te, furnished (except in Aldrovanda) with glandular hairs, with
à circinate vernation. Stipules in the form of cilize at the base of the .
petioles. f

I, DROSERA: Zinn. s Lam. ill. t. 220 ; Gertn. fr. t. 61.

Stamens 5, Styles 3-5, 2-3-parted or multifid. Capsule globose, opening
With 3-5 valves at the top. Seeds small, numerous.—Herbaceous plants
growing in marshy places. Leaves furnished with numerous long reddish
glanduliferous hairs. |

zd

34 DROSERACEÆ. Droenk

119. (1) D. Burmanni (Vahl:) stemless: leaves all radical, obovate-
cuneate, sessile, veins reticulated: scapes erect, and the calyx glabrous:
seed-coat not arilliform.—DC. prod. 1. p. 318 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 955 ; Roab. fl.
Ind.2. p. 143; Wall.! L. n. 1242 ; Wight! cat. n. 120. Mountains and
plains ; from an altitude of 8000 feet to the level of the sea.

* 120. (2) D. intermedia (Drev. and Hayn.:) stemless: leaves all radical,
obovate on long glabrous petioles: scapes ascending, and calyx glabrous:
seed-coat not arilliform.— DC. prod. 1. p. 318 ; Wight! cat. n. 118.—D. lon-
gifolia, Linn. ; Wall.! L. n. 3753 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 955.

This was obtained from an Indian herbarium, but may have been sent from
Europe: it is quite the same as the English plant.

121. (3) D. Indica (Linn.:) stem branched: leaves linear, on very short
glabrous petioles, that are scarcely narrower than the limb: racemes and calyx _
puberulous: seed-coat not arilliform.—DC. prod. 1. p. 319; Spr. syst. 1.
p.955; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 113; Wall.! L. n. 1244; Wight! cat. n. 119.—

Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 20 ; Burm. Zeyl. t. 94. f. 1. Rather rare.

122. (4) D. peltata (Sm.:) stem erect, glabrous: leaves scattered, petioled,
peltate, broadly lunate, with two longish horns pointing upwards: styles
multifid, pencil-shaped: seeds oblong, testa not arilliform.—$Sm. in Rees’ eyel.;
La Bill. N. Holl. t. 106. f. 2; DC. prod. 1. p. 319 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 956;
Wight! cat. n. 117.—D. lunata, Ham.; DC. prod. 1. p. 319 ; Spr. syst. 2.
p.956 ; Wall.! L. n. 1243. Neelgherries.

The cili: on the sepals are either present or absent in the Indian specimens,
and afford no character to separate them from the New Holland plant.

Il. ALDROVANDA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 220.

Stamens 5. Styles 5, filiform: stigmas obtuse. Capsule globose,5-valved.
Seeds 10, large.—F loating plants. Leaves verticelled: petioles cuneate, end-
ing in 4-5 long bristly horns ; limb folded into a kind of crescent-shaped,
winged bladder. Peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, about twice as
long as the petioles.

123. (1) A. vesiculosa (Linn. :)—DC. prod. 1. p. 819; Spr. syst. 1. p. 956.
A. verte Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 112; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1129.—Pluk.
t. 41. f. 6.

We insert this on Plukenet's authority, all his Indian plants, we believe;
without a particular locality, having been obtained from the Peninsula,

Sub-ord. 2. PaRNassiEE (Ara.) Sepals 5; sestivation imbrica-
tive. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals, hypogynous. Stamens
hypogynous, 10-20, some of them often sterile: anthers bilocular,
bursting longitudinally. Ovary solitary, unilocular: style none, and
four sessile stigmas opposite the placenta; or one with a lobed stigma-
Fruit a capsule, 1-celled, 4-5-valved and loculicide ; or indehiscent, and
then the placenta is only at the base. Seeds numerous. Albumen 0.
Embryo erect, or the radicle pointing to the hilum.— Bog plants.
Leaves nearly all radical, without glandular hairs.

III. PARNASSIA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 60 ; Lam. ill. t. 216.

Stamens 10; 5 fertile; 5 sterile, opposite the claws of the petals. Stig- 3
mata 3—4, sessile. Capsule 4-valved.— Quite glabrous, herbaceous, bog — -

PARNASSIA. DROSERACEJE. 95

plants. Leaves radical, petioled. Scape with one sessile foliaceous bractea
or rarely naked, dilated immediately under the flower.

124. (1) P. mysorensis (Heyne:) leaves cordate, somewhat reniform, lobes
overlapping: bractea cordate embracing the scape: sepals broadly oval, a half
longer than the incrassated part of the peduncle: petals oval-oblong, entire
or slightly toothed on the margin, unguieulate, about 24 times longer than
the sepals: sterile stamens about half the length of the fertile, cleft upwards
into 3 thickish oblong obtuse segments or lobes: stigmas 3.—Wail.! L. n.
3754.—Mysore ; Heyne.

A small species with somewhat the habit of the arctic P. Kotzebuei, but
with characters very different: it is perhaps too closely allied to P. pusilla,
Wall. The sterile stamens resemble those of P. fimbriata.

125. (2) P. Wightiana (Wall.:) leaves broadly cordate-ovate or slightly
reniform ; sinus slightly rounded: bractea like the leaves, embracing the
Scape: petals obovate-oblong, their lower half having the margin cut into
numerous slender linear simple or forked segments resembling a fringe ; un-
guis very short, broad and cuneate : sterile stamens about as long as the fer-
tile, cleft upwards into 3-5 stout horn-like segments that are glandular at the
point.—Wall.! L. n. 3755 ; Wight ! eat. n. 116. i

Flowers large, Perhaps this and P. ornata, Wall. ! L. n. 1247, may prove
the same: in the latter, the petals have a much longer unguis which is nearly
linear, and the lower part of their margin is cut into numerous pinnatifid seg-
ments, the divisions of which are long and capillary. Both are very closely
fe to P. fimbriata of Banks, in which also the margin is cut and not cilia-

ed.

:* ORDER XVIL—POLYGALEZE. Juss.
Sepals 5, irregular, distinet; 3 exterior smaller, of which one is su-

perior and two inferior; 2 interior (ale) usually petaloid, lateral :
?slivation imbricative, Petals hypogynous, unequal, usually 3, of
Which one (carina) is inferior and larger than the rest, while the others
alternate with the upper and lateral sepals ; sometimes there are 5, the
two additional, between the lateral and lower sepals, being then gene-
rally minute, or very rarely large: carina sometimes entire, and then
naked or crested; or sometimes 3-lobed, without a crest. Stamens
hypogynous, 8, unequal, ascending, some or all of them united with
the claws of the petals: anthers l-celled, opening by a terminal pore,
or very rarely by a longitudinal cleft. Ovarium free, compressed,
formed of two united carpels, one anterior, the other posterior ; usually
2-celled with the placentz in the axis, or occasionally unilocular by the
Suppression of the posterior cell; rarely l-celled with two opposite
Parietal placente: ovules solitary, or (very rarely) 2-6 in each carpel.
Style simple, curved. Fruit loculicidal, or sometimes indehiscent.

8 with a crustaceous outer integument. Albumen usually copious
and fleshy, rarely none or reduced to a thin gelatinous plate. Embryo
Straight, or very slightly curved: radicle next the hilum.— Leaves
Without stipules. Flowers usually racemose. Pedicels with 3 bracteoles
at their base.

c2

36 POLYGALE. PoLYGALA.

I. POLYGALA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 598; Gærtn. fr. t. 62.

Sepals 5, persistent, the ale large and petaloid. Petals 3; their claws all
united with the staminiferous tube, the lower one (carina) keel-shaped, the
two additional ones abortive. Stamens united into a tube at the base, which
is cleft in front : anthers opening by a pore. Ovarium 2-celled ; ovules so-
litary, pendulous from the apex of the cell. Capsule 2-locular, loculicide,
compressed. Seeds pendulous from the apex of the cells, pubescent, with a
carunculate arillus at the hilum: albumen abundant, fleshy —Shrubs or her-
baceous plants. Flowers arranged in terminal or axillary racemes.

126. (1) P. telephioides (Willd.:) stems herbaceous, diffuse, branched from
the root, pubescent, terete, angled towards the extremity: leaves succulent,
quite glabrous, oval-oblong, narrower at the base, obtuse, more or less mucron-
ate, shortly petioled: racemes 4—5-flowered, nearly opposite to the leaves
and scarcely one-half as long: bracteoles minute, at length deciduous : ale
foliaceous, oval, suddenly shortly acuminated and very sharp, glabrous, a
little longer than the capsule: carina with a crest: capsule nearly orbicular,
equal, emarginate, scarcely pubescent along the edge, not margined.— ;
branches elongated, bearing here and there several simple branchlets ; leaves
from a half to three quarters of an inch long.— Wight ! cat. n. 121.—P. tele-
phioides, Willd. sp. 3. p. 876; DC. prod. 1. p. 332; Spr. syst. 3. p. 167.—8 ;
branches short ; leaves scarcely above two lines long.— Wight ! cat. n. 127.—
P. serpyllifolia, Poir. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 326 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 167.—P. arvensis,
Wall.! L. n. 4172. f.

, Flowers and fruit very small. Our var. « constitutes another of the va-
rieties of Wallich's P. arvensis, but we are not sure which: it is very closely
allied to P. Chinensis, but that is shrubby and has the racemes longer than the
leaves. De Candolle, misquoting Willdenow, says the racemes are twice the
length of the leaves.

127. (2) P. arvensis (Willd. :) stems herbaceous, branched from the base,
procumbent, pubescent, terete below, angled upwards: leaves glabrous or
slightly hairy, pubescent or ciliated on the margin, paler beneath, elliptic-
oblong or obovate, narrowed towards the base, obtuse or retuse, scarcely
mucronulate, petioled : racemes 4-8-flowered, nearly opposite to the leaves,
and about half their length: bracteoles minute, persistent: ale foliaceous,
oblong, acuminated, searcely longer than the capsule: carina cristate: cap-
sule roundish, oblique, emarginate, ciliated, not margined.—2 ; leaves ellip- `
tic-oblong, glabrous on both sides ; ale glabrous.— Wight ! cat. n. 130. a— ———
P. doa Willd. sp. 3. p. 876; DC. prod. 1. p. 326 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 167; —
Wall.! L. n. 4172. c.—P. prostrata, Heyne mst. (not Willd.)—P. procumbens — —
a, Roth. nov. sp. p. 329; DC. prod. 1. p. 326; Spr. syst. 3. p. 166.—P. glau-
coides, Wight ! in Wall. L. n. 4171. a. (not Linn.)—P. crotalloides, Roxb. in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 676.—8 ; leaves oblong, with a few soft hairs sprinkled on
both sides and on the alee.— Wight ! cat. n. 130. b.—y ; leaves obovate, sprin-
kled with maro po em = es sides particularly on the nerve an
margins, and on the alee.—Wight! cat. n. P; i ight! in
Wall. L. n. 4175.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 61. e sea ditus

There can be little doubt that Willdenow had accidentally reversed the
names attached to the specimens of P. arvensis and P. prostrata, sent him by
Klein and the missionaries, which has caused considerable confasion. This
is, however, the P. arvensis of Koenig, and now also of Roxburgh’s herbarium.
Fruit much larger than in the last species.

. 128. (3) P. Vahliana (DC.:) stems herbaceous, branched from the base,

procumbent, pubescent, terete below, angled upwards: leaves sprinkled on -
both sides with numerous soft hairs, oblong, An niesek Aiandi into the

Poryeata. POLYGALEA. 37

petiole, obtuse, slightly mucronulate : racemes 3-5-flowered, very short, op-
posite to the leaves or lateral: bracteoles minute, persistent: alæ nearly
membranaceous with a green middle nerve, elliptical, villous, scarcely longer
than the capsule: carina cristate: capsule oval, emarginate, softly villous on
the edge, not margined.— DC. prod. 1. p. 326 ; Wight ! cat. n. 131.—P. tomen-
tosa, Herb. Miss. ! ; Heyne! ; VaM.—P. serpyllifolia, Wight! in Wall. L.n.
4173. a. (not Poir.) EET.

<

— Fruit about half the size of that of P. arvensis.

129. (4) P. Rothiana (W. & A.:) stems herbaceous, branched from the
base, rather erect ?, pubescent, terete below, angled towards the top: leaves
glabrous, ciliated, paler beneath, narrow oblong or linear, obtuse, mucronu-
late, very shortly petioled, upper ones distinctly 3-5-nerved, the lateral nerves
close to the margin: racemes nearly capitate, 4-6-flowered, axillary or lateral,
about 4-5 times shorter than the leaves: bracteoles minute, persistent : alee
somewhat foliaceous, ovate, acuminated, longer than the capsule: carina cris-
tate: capsule roundish, oblique, emarginate, glabrous, ciliated, margined.—
Wight ! cat. n. 123.—P. procumbens £, Roth. nov. sp. p. 329; DC. prod. 1.
p. 9326.—P. angustifolia, Heyne mss. (not Kunth.)—P. glaucoides, Wall.! L.
n. 4171. c; Willd. sp. 3. p. 896 (not Linn.) — . i

130. (5) P. Tranquebarica (Mart. :) stems herbaceous, branched from the
e, procumbent, pubescent, scarcely terete below, angled upwards: leaves
labrous, pubescent along the margin, paler beneath; upper ones oblong- :
inear, narrow ; lower oblong or narrow obovate, obtuse, mucronulate, pe-
tioled: racemes short, 3-5-flowered, opposite to the leaves and about half as
long: bracteoles minute, persistent: ale with a membranaceous margin,
ovate, aeuminated, glabrous, ciliated below, the length of the capsule: carina
cristate: capsule roundish, oblique, emarginate, glabrous, ciliated, not mar-
gined.—DC. prod. 1. p. 832; Wight! cat. n. 126, 135.—P. brachystachya,
DC. prod. 1. p. 326. ;
This is one of the states referred by Dr Wallich to P. arvensis, but is, we
think, quite distinct. Here the ale are rather more oblique than in the other
allied species, but not so much so as to form part of the character.

131. (6) P. rosmarinifolia (W. & A.:) stems suffrutescent or herbaceous,
branched, pubescent, terete ; branches long, twiggy, angled towards the top :
leaves glabrous or slightly pubescent, particularly on the margin, paler be-
neath, oblong-linear, obtuse, mucronulate, shortly petioled: racemes short,
1-3-flowered, axillary or above the axils, not above half the length of the
leaves: bracteoles minute, persistent: ale nearly membranaceous, ovate,
_ acute, scarcely longer than the capsule: carina cristate : capsule poni
_ Oblique, emarginate, glabrous, densely ciliated, not margined.— Wight ! cat.
. ^. 124, 133. b (a younger state), 140.—P. tranquebarica, Wight! in Wall.
L. n. 4169.— Asewalendan Hills and Cunnewaddy near Dindygul. ` ,

If P. theezans of Linnceus be really a Polygala, this may be that species ;
but we incline to the idea that he took it up on Burmann’s authority ; and
while the figure in Burm. Zeyl. (tab. 85) is probably Zonidium enneaspermum,
De Candolle states that the description in Burm. Ind. appears to belong to a
Species of Leptospermum.*

132. (7) P. triflora, (Linn.:) annual: stems nearly simple, erect, terete,
with a RA ea lave glabrous, linear, mucronulate, d
petioled : racemes 1-5- (usually about 3-) flowered, axillary or above the m
about half the length of the leaf: bracteoles minute persistent: ale am ra-
naceous with a middle green nerve, elliptical, scarcely longer than the cap-
sule, pubescent, ciliated: carina cristate: capsule oblong, nearly even, scarce-
ly margined, emarginate, pubescent, ciliated —DC. prod. 1. p. 333 ; Spr. syst.

x i which Leptosp. amboinense, DC.
(Rug, dt the AEQ M ingen Roxb. - pot

*

38 a POLYGALEÆ. Porveara.

3. p. 171; Wight! cat. n. 133. a—P. linearis, Heyne! mss.—P. linarifolia,

Roth. nov. sp. p. 330 (not Willd.)

Notwithstanding that Linnsus says that the flowers are not cristate, we
believe this is his plant. P. thesioides, Wall.! L. n. 4170. b, c, d, (but not a
nor e) approaches very closely to this, but has linear-oblong obtuse and more
or less pubescent leaves.

133. (8) P. Wightiana (Wall.:) annual, quite glabrous, and slightly glau-
cous: stems twiggy, branched, diffuse, terete: leaves linear, tapering down-
wards, acute with a long mucro: racemes opposite to the leaves, many-
flowered, at length elongated and 3-4 times longer than the leaves: brac-
teoles minute persistent: ale oblong, acüminated, somewhat foliaceous, a
little longer than the capsule: carina cristate: capsule oblong, nearly even,
scarcely margined, glabrous, not ciliated, emarginate.— Wall. / L. n. 4190;
Wight! cat. n. 134. — Dindygul. EU

Leaves exceedingly like those of a Thesium.

134. (9) P. elongata (Klein:) annual: stems branched from the base,
pubescent, terete below, angled upwards; lateral branches procumbent :
leaves oblong-linear, tapering downwards, obtuse, mucronulate; glabrous,
sprinkled with a few hairs on the midrib below, and on the margins: ra-
cemes above the axils, or opposite to the leaves, many-flowered, at len
elongated and 2—4 times longer than the leaves: bracteoles minute, persist-
ent: alee oblong, acute, somewhat foliaceous, a little longer than the cap-
sule: carina cristate: capsule roundish, oblique, slightly margined, glabrous,
not ciliated, emarginate.— Kein ! in Willd. sp. 3. p. 879; DC. prod. 1. p. 332;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 167 ; Wall.! L. n. 4168 ; Wight ! cat. n. 137. Mysore.

135. (10) P. ciliata (Linn.:) annual: stems branched chiefly from the
base, diffuse, terete below, angled upwards, with horizontal rigid hairs : leaves
oblong, tapering downwards, obtuse, mucronate, glabrous, ciliated on their
lower half with rigid hairs: racemes horizontally and rigidly hairy, at length
elongated and twice as long as the leaves, funny -Howeted usually a little above
the axils of the leaves : bracteoles minute, persistent: alse membranous-mar-
gined, glabrous, ovate, acute, slightly longer than the capsule: carina cris-
tate: capsule roundish, slightly oblique, not margined, glabrous, rigidly-
ciliated, emarginate.—P. ramosa, Wight! in Wall. L. n. 4177.—«; larger ;
leaves obovate-oblong.— Wight ! cat. n. 122.—P. ciliata, Linn. ; Willd. sp. 3.
p.896; Spr. sp. 3. p. 171.—8$alomonia? ciliata, DC. prod. 1. p. 334.—5; smaller ;
leaves linear-oblong.— Wight ! cat. n. 125.—P. prostrata, Willd. ; DC. prod, 1»
p. 333 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 171.—P. arvensis, Rob. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 675.

The hairs in this species arise from tubercles, which equally exist on the —
edge of the capsule ; but this last p omini to be called toothed. Willdenow

Rt NEG have neither of them observed the small but perfect crest to the

136. (11) P. Heyneana (Wall.:) suffrutescent: branches procumbent, ——
pubescent, terete below, angled upwards: leaves linear-oblong, obtuse, mu- -

cronate, slightly pubescent, particularly beneath, somewhat reticulated with
prominent veins : racemes lax, 5-8-flowered, twice the length of the leaves;
above the axils or opposite to the leaves: braeteoles minute, lower ones soon
deciduous: alee foliaceous, ovate acute, glabrous, about the length of the
capsule: carina cristate: capsule roundish, nearly equal, margined and there
pubescent, otherwise glabrous, emarginate.— Wall. L. n. 4184 ; Wight ! cat.
n. 128, 129, 132.—P. venosa, Heyne. Neelgherries. à
We have not seen Heyne's or Wallich's plant, but have no doubt about
the reference. A specimen was formerly sent to Dr Wallich by Dr Wight,
and, if taken up by him, is probably one of the states of his P. arvensis.

A37. (12) P. Javana (DC. :) suffrutescent, all over softly vill r more |
or less tomentose: branches diffuse, terete below, Sia RE: leaves

, ^
Lif, P | " ; p a ‘ wx
JAFE, Lbemeb, bes TE, s : :

` YXaNTHoPRYLLUM. . | POLYGALEJE. 39

obovate or oblong, cuneate at the base, shortly petioled, obtuse or retuse,
mucronate : racemes opposite to the leaves, many-flowered, at length nearly
twice as long as the leaves: bracteoles small, persistent: ale ovate-orbicu-
lar, membranaceous, mucronate, softly pubescent, about a half longer and
broader than the capsule: carina cristate: capsule orbicular, nearly equal,
softly pubescent especially on the edge, slightly margined, emarginate.—
DC. prod. 1. p. 327; Spr. syst. 3. p. 164; Wight! cat. n. 139.—P. Ceylana,
Heyne in Wall. ! L. n. 4183.

An elegant species, resembling some of those from the Cape in its large
flowers and ale.

138. (13) P. ariliata (Ham. :) shrubby, erect; branches pubescent: leaves
oblong, acuminated, on longish petioles, puberulqus beneath: racemes lax,
many-flowered, terminal or opposite to the leaves and about as long, droop-
ing: bracteoles caducous: alse obovate, obtuse, tapering downwards, glabrous: .
carina cristate: capsule reniform, retuse, coriaceous: seeds globose, smaller
than the large carunculus.—Ham. in Don. prod. fl. Nep. p. 199; Spr. syst.
supp. p. 265 ; Wall.! L.n. 4191; pl. Asiat. rar. t. 100; Wight! cat. n. 138.
Neelgherries. ee

+139, (14) P. persicaricfolia (DC.?)—Wall. L. n. 4185. c.

II. XANTHOPHYLLUM. Roxb.

Sepals 5, deciduous, the two interior a little larger and more petaloid than
the others. Petals 5, distinct: carina cymbiform, the two additional ones as
large as the two upper. Stamens 8: two lower filaments united with the
claw of the carina ; two distinct inserted opposite to the inner sepals; the -
others attached one to each of the claws of the upper and lateral petals.
Anthers opening by a pore. Ovarium shortly stalked, 1-celled, with two
Opposite prominent lateral placentee, each bearing 2-6 pendulous ovules.
Fruit between coriaceous and fleshy, indehiscent, globose, l-celled. Seed

. Without a carunculus, solitary, attached laterally. Albumen none. Embryo
transverse: cotyledons semiglobose, fleshy.—Trees. Leaves coriaceous,
shining. Racemes axillary, supra-axillary, or terminal.
k 140. (1) X. flavescens (Roxb. :) leaves elliptic-oblong, with a short blunt
_ acumination, under side with two pores near the base: racemes axillary and
. terminal: ovules 8—12.— Roa. fl. Ind. 2. p. 222 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 219; Wall.!
L. n. 4198. ¢ ; Wight ! cat. n. 60.—Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 23. Malabar coast.
Jackia of Blume appears identical with this genus, and perhaps J. excelsa,
BL, is the same as the present species.

Mee gg

ORDER XVIIL—TAMARISCINEJE. Desv.

_ Calyx 4—5-partite, persistent: wstivation imbricative. Petals 4-5,
‘userted on the receptacle, marcescent: zestivation imbricative. Sta-
mens equal to the petals in number, or twice as many, inserted on the
margin of the torus, distinct or monodelphous. Ovarium 1-celled :
style 3 or none: stigmas 3, distinct or united. . Capsule 3-valved, 1-
celled, loculicide, polyspermous. Placentz sometimes only at the base
of the capsale. Seeds erect or ascending, comose, Albumen 0. Em-
bryo straight, with the radicle next the hilum.—Shrubs or herbs.
Leaves alternate, like small scales.

40 TAMARISCINE E. TricHaurus. *

I. TAMARIX. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 213. f. 1.

Sepals 5, distinct. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-10, equal, inserted each on
and connecting two of the teeth of the torus, distinct, without any interme-
diate gland or membrane, Torus fleshy, scutelliform, supporting the ova-
rium, with twice as many teeth on the margin as there are stamens. Styles
2-4, usually 3. Seeds not beaked, with a simple pappus-like coma at their
extremity.—Flower-bearing branchlets, usually arranged in panicles.

141. (1) T. gallica (Linn. :) young branches glabrous : leaves amplexicaul,
glabrous: stamens 5: torus 10-toothed: styles 3, longish: capsules attenu-
ated (not turgid).—T. gallica var. Indica, Ehrenb. ; Wight! cat. n. 950.—
T. Indica, Roxb. and Willd. ; DC. prod. 3. p. 96 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 943 ; Roxb.
Ji. Ind. 2. p. 100 (exclud. syn. Vahl); Wall.! L. n. 1240.—T. epacroides,
Sm.—T. articulata, Wall.! L. n. 3756. a, d.

* 142. (2) T. dioica (Roxb.:) young branches glabrous: leaves sheathing,
glabrous: flower-bearing branchlets about as long as the dense terminal
spikes: flowers dicecious: stamens 5: styles 2-3, elongated beyond the co-
rolla.—Rowb. hort. Bengh. p. 22 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 101; Roth. nov. sp. p.185; -
Wall.! L. n. 1241.—T. articulata, Wall.! L. n. 3156. b (male).

Allied to T. articulata, Vahl, but that species appears to be bisexual:
also to T. Pharos, Ham., which is also dicecious, but has lax spikes nearly
sessile on the branches almost without the intervention of a leafy branchlet.
We insert this, because we have reason to believe that Wall. L. n. 37506. €
belongs to it. Dr Wight's specimen sent to Dr Wallich was obtained from
the Madras herbarium, and corresponded consequently to that described by

Roth.
Il. TRICHAURUS. Arn. mss. ! ia

Sepals 5. Petals 5, slightly unequal. Stamens 10, the alternate ones j
shorter, inserted between and alternating with the teeth of the torus: fila- i
ments distinct, not connected by a membrane. Torus fleshy, cup-shaped, E.
surrounding the base of the ovarium, with as many teeth on the margin as -
stamens. Styles 3. Seeds rostrate: beak straight, feathered with long
spreading hairs.—Young leaves sheathing. Corolla and capsule the largest
of this natural order. :

,,Chis genus is mostly allied to Myricaria (Tamarix, Lam. ill. t. 213. f. 2.), but
differs from it by the distinet ene and stigmas, and by the torus being only ex
anded into a tooth, instead of a connecting membrane, between the stamens
rom Tamarix the beaked seed and other characters will readily distinguish it. —

: LI s ES

143. (1) T. ericoides (Arn. mss.)—Wight ! cat. n. 951.— Tamarix ericoides
Rotti. and Willd. ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 184 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 97; Spr. syst. 1
p. 943; Wall.! L. n. 1239.—T. tenacissima, Ham. in Wall.! L. n. 3757.

T. mucronata, Smith—Myricaria vaginata, Desv.; DC. prod. 3. p. 98.——
Palaar. coe

ORDER XIX.—ELATINEJ Camb.

Sepals 3—5, distinct, or slightly connate at the base. Petals hypo-
gynous, alternate with the sepals. Stamens hypogynous, equal in num-
ber to, or twice as many as, the petals. Ovarium 3—5-celled: styles
3-5: stigmas capitate. Placentz in the axis. Capsule 3-5-celled, — —
3-5 valved, loculicide. Seeds numerous. Albumen 0. . Embryo cy-
lindrical : radical next the hilum.— Annual marsh plants. Leaves op-
posite, with small inconspicuous stipules.

EraTINE. ELATINEJE. 41

I. ELATINE. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 320; Gaertn. fr. 2. t. 112. f. 2.

Styles distinct at the base, very short, or none.—The rest as in the charac-
ter of the order.

144. (1) E. (Crypta) ambigua (Wight :) stems diffuse, rooting: leaves op-
posite, oblong, attenuated towards the base: flowers pedicellate, axillary,
opposite or alternate, with three sepals, petals, and stamens : stigmas sessile.
—Wight! in Hook. Bot. Misc. v. 2. p. 103. supp. tab. 5 ; cat. n. 153.

145. (2) E. (Bergia) verticillata (W. & A.:) glabrous: stems branched,
rooting from the lower joints: leaves opposite, lanceolate, attenuated below
into a longish petiole, serrated especially towards the point: flowers densely
capitate, sessile, axillary: sepals and petals 5: stamens 10: styles short.—
Wight ! cat. n. 154.—E. luxurians, Delile.—Bergia verticillata, Willd. ; DC.
prod. 1. p. 390 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 422 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 456 ; Wall. ! L. n. 654.
—B. aquatica, Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 142.—B. capensis, Linn.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t.
78 ; Pluk. t. 132. f. 6. ;

. We can point out no character to separate Bergia from Elatine, and indeed
it nearly corresponds with Mr Arnott’s first section (Ed. Journ. Nat. Geogr.
Se. 1. p. 430.) _ i

146. (3) E. (Bergia) ammannoides (W. & A.:) stems branched, erect, or
with the lower branches procumbent : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acute, atte-
nuated towards the base, sharply serrated: flowers pedicellate, several toge-
ther in the axils of the leaves : sepals, petals, and stamens, equal in number
(3-5): styles short.— Wight! cat. n. 155,—Bergia ammannoides, Roxb. hort.
Bengh. p. 34; fl. Ind. 2. p. 457 ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 219 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 390;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 423; Wight! in Hook. Bot. Mise. 3. p.93. supp. tab. 28 ;
Wall.! L.n. 656.—B. pentandra, Camb.—Lechea verticillata, Willd. ; DC. prod.
1. p. 286 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 363.

Stems usually rough, with short capitate hairs ; but sometimes glabrous.

147. (4) E. (Bergia) æstivosa (W. & A.:) glabrous : stems much branched:
faves opposite, obovate, or oblong, attenuated towards the base; those on
the flower-bearing branches almost linear: flowers pedicellate, axillary, op-
. posite, solitary.: sepals and petals 5: stamens 10: styles short—Wight ! cat.
om 156.—Spergula æstivosa, Koen. ; Wall. ! L. n. 6963.

.. ORDER XX.—CARYOPHYLLACE/E. Juss.

- Sub.-ord. 1. CanvoPHYLLEX (Arn.) Sepals 4—5, distinct or cohe-
ng ina tube, persistent. Petals 4—5, unguiculate, sometimes want-
‘Ing. Stamens usually double the number of the petals, or, if equal, al-
. ternate with them, hypogynous or rarely somewhat perigynous : --
ments subulate, sometimes cohering: anthers erect, bilocular, opening
longitudinally. Ovarium 1, of 2-5 united carpels, often stipitate.
as 2—5, sessile, filiform ; papillose on their inner surface. - Cap-
sule 2-5 valved, 1-celled, or imperfectly (rarely completely) 2-5 e,
opening usually by twice as many teeth as stigmas, sometimes by
Valves. Placenta in the axis of the fruit. Seeds indefinite, or rarely
definite, campulitropous. Albumen mealy, round which the embryo is
curved.— Leaves opposite and entire, often connate at the base, ——
Out scarious stipules ; rarely alternate, with an auricle at each side of
the petiole (the remains of the opposite leaf.)

—

—

42 CARYOPHYLLACEA,. SILENE,

We can point out almost no character except the scarious stipules to separate this
order from the I/lecebree ; and if the species of Arenaria and Spergula, with such sti-
pules, be not removed, even that character fails. Caryophyllee have usually large
petals and hypogynous stamens; the other generally small or abortive petals, and
more or less perigynous stamens; but there are many exceptions. We shall omit
here — Chinensis, Wall. L. n. 656, as Roxburgh expressly states it to be cul-
tivated.

I. GYPSOPHILA. Linn.

Calyx tubular, 5-toothed, angled, naked at the base, persistent. Petals 5.
Stamens 10. Styles 2. Capsule 1-celled, many-seeded.—Stipules none.

148. (1) G. vaccaria (Smith :) annual, glabrous: leaves ovate and oblong-
lanceolate, sessile, connate at the base: flowers bisexual, panicled: calyx
smooth, pyramidal: petals with long claws, erose at the apex.—Spr. syst. 2.
p. 371; Wight! cat. n. 143.—Saponaria vaccaria, Linn. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 365.
Wall.! L. n. 1503.—$. perfoliata, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 445 ; DC. prod. 1;
p. 365.

II. SILENE. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 911 ; Gaertn. fr. t. 130. f. 8.

Calyx tubular, not angled, 5-toothed, naked. Petals 5, with long claws ;
claw often crowned with scales at the top ; limb bifid. Stamens 10. Styles 3.
Capsule 3-celled at the base, opening at the top by 6 teeth.—Stipules none.

149. (1) S. intrusa (W. & A. :) viscidly pubescent : stems elongated, dicho-
tomously branched: leaves (upper wna broadly lanceolate: flowers (large)
panicled: pedicels alternate, 1-flowered, without bracteoles, much longer
than the subtending floral leaf: calyx (in flower) long club-shaped, with long-
ish teeth, truncate and slightly hollow at the insertion of the pedicel, with 10
connected ribs : petals deeply bifid (reddish): fruit ovoid, 14 times broader,
and 24 longer than the stalk-like torus.— Wight ! cat. n. 146.—S. indica, var.
Wall.! L. n. 624. e, ——Neelgherries.

Very distinct from S. indica, Roxb. (Wall. ! L. n. 624. a.), but not so much —
so from S. noctiflora, Linn. ; but this last has not the calyx truncate, and the
pedicels are opposite: may local cireumstanees cause this difference ?

HI. STELLARIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 878; Gertn. fr. t. 130. f. 3.

Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, bifid. Stamens 10 (or by abortion 3-8). Styles
3. Capsule 1-celled, opening at the apex by 6 valves (or rather 3 valves,
each divided into 2), many-seeded. Stipules none. i

150. (1) S. media (Sm. :) stems procumbent, with an alternate line of ha
on one side: lower leaves ovate, upper ones lanceolate: petals deeply di-
vided: stamens 5-10: capsules deeply divided, scarcely longer than the ca-
lyx.—DC. prod. 1. p. 396; Spr. syst. 2. p. 392; Wight ! cat. n. 145 (a large
state), 147 ; Wall. ! L. n. 631.—8. monogyna, Don.—Neelgherries.

Always readily distinguished by the line of hairs on the stem.

* 151. (2) 8. aquatica (Poll.:) stems decumbent, glabrous: leaves ovate-
lanceolate, with a callous tip: flowers in dichotomous panicles: sepals com-
bined at the base : petals bipartite, shorter than the calyx, and, as well as the
stamens, slightly perigynous.—DC. prod. 1. p. 398; Wall. L. n. 635. b. ( p. 248).
—S. uliginosa, Murr.; Sm.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 393.—Larbrea aquatica, St Hil. ;
DC. prod. 1. p. 395. (exelud. spec. char. and synon.) Neelgherries.

We almost suspect that the plant from Dr Wight’s herbarium, referred here
by Dr Wallich, belongs to the last species. ,

.

IV. CERASTIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 392 ; Gertn. fr. t. 130. f. 6.
Sepals 5. Petals 5, bifid. Styles 5. Capsule 1-celled, cylindrical or glo-

ARENARIA. CARYOPHYLLACEA. 43

bose, bursting at the apex with 10, or rarely 5, teeth (or 5 valves, each usual-
ly divided).—Stipules none.

152. (1) C. Indicum (W. & A.:) stems, leaves, and calyx, covered with a
roughish viscid pubescence : stems flaccid, angled: leaves ovate or oblong,
lanceolate, with a short mucroniform attenuation : flowers much shorter than
the pedicels, in a small compact somewhat dichotomous panicle: petals
searcely longer than the oblong-acutish sepals: capsules ovoid, scarcely so
long as the calyx; teeth 10, rolled backwards, their margins flat.— Wight !
cat. n. 149.

153. (2) C. vulgatum (Linn. :) hairy, nearly erect ; upper parts viscid :
leaves ovate, obtuse: bracteas herbaceous: flowers longer than the pedicels,
in a small somewhat capitate panicle: petals as ng as the oblong caly&:
capsule cylindrieal, curved upwards ; teeth 10, straight, their margins rolled
backwards.—DC. prod. 1. p. 415 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 419 ; Wight ! cat. n. 150.

V. ARENARIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 818 ; Gerén. fr. t. 130. f. 9.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, entire. Stamens 10 (or fewer by abortion). Styles
2,3, or4. Capsule opening by 3, usually bipartite, valves. Seeds numerous,
roundish, small.—Stipules none.

154. (1) A. Neelgherrense (W. & A.:) stems elongated, much branched,
procumbent, with an alternate line of hairs on one side: leaves distant, obo-
vate, mucronulate, glabrous, with minute whitish points, 1-nerved ; margins
thickened, nerve-like, ciliated towards the petiole: flowers axillary, or in
terminal sub-dichotomous panicles: pedicels viscidly pubescent all round,
longish, slender: sepals oblong, acute, with 1 dorsal hairy nerve; margin
membranaceous : petals longer than the calyx: styles usually 3 (sometimes 2
or 4): capsules ovate, nearly the length of the calyx.— Wight ! cat. n. 144,
148.— Neelgherries. : :

Formerly sent to Dr Wallich, by Dr Wight, as probably a Cerastium, but
without flower: it does not seem to be noticed in his List.

VI. MOLLUGO. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 130. f. 8, 4.

Calyx 5, parted. Petals usually none; rarely 5, minute, bifid, and alter-
nating with the sepals. Stamens 5, opposite to the sepals, or fewer by abor-
tion, sometimes 10. Styles 3. Capsule 3-valved, 3-celled, loculicidal, many-
Seeded.—Leaves actually opposite, and without stipules ; but by abortion ap-

E parently alternate, with 2 stipules ; containing in their axils several leaves

| Surrounding the base of the young branch, and forming radical or lateral
opposite to the peduncles: hence they are usually said to be verticil-
te.

In all the Caryophylle, the two opposite petioles are united together into a little
sheath, more or ba eni Bare sd t the feanch ; in this genus one of the e
15 abortive, but its petiole is split-up, leaving a portion, like a stipule, attached on
each side to the base of the petiole of the perfect leaf. Perhaps for the same Dowd

elephium and Corrigiola might be removed to this order. However vd e
di rtion may appear, the leaves, we conceive, are, philosophically speaking, all ra-

cal, with leafless scapes, each laterally proliferous about its middle. —

155. (1) M. nudicaulis (Linn.:) leaves radical, numerous and crowded,
obovate or oblong, obtuse, attenuated into a petiole: scapes trichotomously
panicled, decumbent, leafless: stamens usually 3: petals none: seeds rough-
ish, with very minute tubercles.—DC. prod. 1. p. 3915 Wall.! L. n. 648;
Wight ! cat. n. 163.—M. bellidifolia, Ser. in DC. prod. 1. p. 391.—Pharnaceum
Spathulatum, Sw. ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 948.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 8. f. 2.

*

44 CARYOPHYLLACE. Moutveo,

156. (2) M. pentaphylla (Linn.:) glabrous: stems decumbent, leafy, an-
gled: leaves slightly glaucous, firm, obovate, obtuse, mucronulate, tapering
at the base: panicles elongated, many-flowered: stamens usually 3: petals
none: seeds rough, with minute numerous tubercles—DC. prod. 1. p. 391;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 359; Wall.! L. n. 650; Wight! cat. n. 161.—Pharnaceum
pentaphyllum, Spr. syst. 1. p. 949.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 8. f. 1.

157. (3) M. triphylla (Lour. :) glabrous : stems diffuse, leafy, angled: leaves
green, thinnish, obovate or oblong, mucronulate, tapering at the base: pani-
cles elongated, many-flowered : stamens 3-5: petals none: seeds rough, with
minute tubereles.—J C. prod. 1. p. 392; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 360; Wall. ! L.
n. 651; Wight! cat. n. 159, 160,—M. Linkii, Ser. in DC. prod. 1. p. 392.—

. M. paniculata, Burm.—M. radiata, Ruiz. and Pav.—Pharnaceum triphyllum,
Spr. js 1. p. 949.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 6. f. 2; Pluk. t. 118. f. 1; Rheed. Mal.
10. 7. 26.

This is possibly not a distinct species from the last, and tends to combine

with them the following one also.

158. (4) M. stricta (Linn.:) glabrous: stems straightish, diffuse at the
base, then erect, angled: leaves linear-lanceolate pointed, thin, and green.
panicles elongated, many-flowered: stamens 3: petals none: seeds with mi-
nute tubercles.— DC. prod. 1. p. 391; Burm. Ind. t. 5. f. 3; Wall.! L. n. 649;
vi cat. n. 151.—Pharnaceum strictum, Spr. syst. 1. p. 949.— Pluk. t. 257.

159. (5) M. cerviana (Ser.:) glabrous : stems straightish, ascending, terete:
leaves linear, very narrow, bluntish, glaucous: peduncles elongated, bearing
3 umbellate flowers: stamens usually 5: petals none: seeds without dots or
tubercles.—D C. prod. 1. p. 392; Wall.! L. n. 7128; Wight! cat. n. 162.—
Pharnaceum cerviana, Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 214. f. 2; Spr. syst. 1. p. 948.—
Pluk, t. 128. f. 3 ; t. 332. f. 9. pl. 11.

160. (6) M. disticha (Ser.:) glandularly-pubescent: stems diffuse, angled:
leaves nearly linear, thickish: panicles rigid, slightly branched, sometimes
mere racemes: stamens ally 5: petals none: seeds inconspicuously
marked with depressed dots.—DC. prod. 1. p. 392 ; Wall.! L. n. 652 ; Wight!
cat. n. 158. a, b (a monstrosity).—Pharnaceum distichum, Linn.; Spr. syst. 1.
p. 949.— Pluk. t. 130. f. 6 ; t. 332. f. 9. pl. 4.—— Palaar.

, Perhaps Pluk. t. 332. fol. 9. pl. 3. may be also this species, but the figure
is not very characteristic.

161. (7) M. spergula (Linn.:) stems very straggling and branched: leaves
more or less suceulent, oblong or obovate, mucronate, attenuated towards

their base: pedicels 1-flowered, several together, forming a simple sessile — —

umbel: stamens 3-5, or 10: petals narrow, cleft to the middle, or none:
seeds rough with numerous minute tubercles— DC. prod. 1. p. 391; Burm.
Ind. t. 5. f. 45 Wall.! L. n. 653; Wight! cat. n. 157.—M. verticillata, Roxb. fl.
Ind. 1. p. 360 (not Linn.)—M. erecta, Burm. Ind. p. 32.—M. parviflora, DC.
prod. 1. p. 391.—Pharnaceum mollugo, Linn.; Spr. syst. 1. p. 948 ; Roxb. fl.
Ind. 2. p. 102.—P. parviflorum, Roth.; Spr. syst. 1. p. 948.—Rheed. mal. 10.
t. 24; Burm. Zeyl. t. 7; Pluk. t. 130. f. 5.

The tuberculated seed alone will distinguish this from the American M.
verticillata. All the specimens we have seen from the continent of India
have 5 or 10 stamens, and 5 forked petals, (that in Hamilton's herbarium
marked without petals, and consequently part of Dr Wallich's L. n. 653.
actually having them); but in Mr Arnott’s herbarium, there is a specimen
from Java, not otherwise distinct, with only 3 stamens and no petals.

5

Marva. MALVACEÆ. 45

ORDER XXI.—MALVACEÆ. Juss.

Sepals 4, rarely 3-5, more or less cohering at the base, often having
an external calyx or involucel: æstivation valvate. Petals hypogy-
nous, equal in number to the sepals: :stivation twisted. Stamens hy-
pogynous, monadelphous, indefinite or rarely as few as the petals.
Anthers l-celled, reniform, bursting transversely. Ovarium formed
by the union of several carpels round a common axis, either distinct or
cohering: styles as many as the carpels, united or free, entire or cleft :
stigmas as many, or twice as many, as the carpels. Fruit capsular or
baccate: carpels 1- or many-seeded, sometimes closely united, some-
times separate or separable. Dehiscence loculicidal or septicidal. Al-
bumen 0, or in very small quantity. Embryo curved: cotyledons
twisted and doubled up.—Leaves alternate, stipulate. Hairs stellate.

I. MALVA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 582 ; Gertn. fr. t. 136.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, surrounded by an involucel of usually 3, rarely
1-2 or 5-6, more or less oblong or setaceous bracteoles. Ovarium with many
cells, each with one ovule. Styles as many as the cells. Carpels several
(rarely only 5), capsular, indehiscent, 1-seeded, circularly arranged round
the axis. Radicle inferior.

In the following, as wel! as in all the species of the genus, except two from the

auritius, the carpels are numerous, and placed so closely side by side, as, before
maturity, to resemble a flattish disk.

162. (1) M. Mauritiana (Linn.:) annual: stems erect, herbaceous: leaves
cordate, with 5 obtuse lobes : petioles nearly glabrous, or tomentose on their
upper side: pedicels several together, axillary, 1-flowered: bracteoles 3,
ovate, obtuse: corolla (purple) much longer than the calyx: carpels wrinkled
on the back.—DC.! prod. 1. p. 432; Cav. diss. 2. t. 25. f. 2; Wall. L. n.
1877; Wight! cat. n. 166.—M. Mauritanica, Spr. syst. 3. p. 90.

163, (2) M. rotundifolia (Linn.:) stems herbaceous, patulous : leaves cor-
date, roundish, shortly and obtusely lobed, crenated: petioles elongated,
nearly glabrous, or hairy, or with only a line of hairs on their upper side:

dicels several together, unequal, the longest scarcely so long as the distance

tween the leaves, axillary, 1-flowered, bent downwards when in fruit :
bracteoles 3, oblong-linear: corolla (pale purple): carpels prominently
wrinkled and reticulated on the back. —DC. prod. 1. p. 433 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 90 ;
Cav. diss. t. 26. f. 3—a ; flowers several times longer than the calyx: brac-
teoles narrow oblong, slightly obtuse.—Wall.! L. n. 1884.e; Wight! cat. n.

165. a.—g ; flowers scarcely longer than the calyx: bracteoles linear, piget

Men ! L. n. 1884. f.; Wight. cat. n. 165. 5.—2^ from Mysore ; Heyne.—s
ura.

M. rosea, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 670; and Herb. Smith, appears to be
this Species.

IL. ALTHZEA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 581; Gertn. fr. t. 136.
Calyx surrounded by a 6-9-cleft involucel. Carpels numerous, capsular,
closely and circularly arranged round the axis.

164. (1) A. Coromandeliana (Cav.:) stem erect, hispid or pono: pe-
oles tomentose: leaves tomentose, roundish, reniform or cordate T a sa
cate at the base, slightly and obtusely lobed ; upper ones tomentose : flowers

.

46 MALVACEX. URENA.

solitary, axillary, on short pedicels ; upper ones in a spiciform raceme: in-
volucel usually 6-cleft: petals obcordate, their claws villous: carpels sur-
rounded by a membranaceous furrowed margin.—DC. prod. 1. p. 497 ; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 107 ; Wight! cat. n. 167.—A. flexuosa, Sims, Bot. Mag. t. 892;

DC. prod. 1. p. 437; Spr. syst. 3. p. 108.—A. Chinensis, Wall.! L. n. 2689. b.
«| —Pliuk. t. 259. f. 2?

Perhaps A. Coromandeliana, and A. Chinensis, are mere varieties of A. rosea.
We have reason however to believe, that ours is certainly the plant of Sims,
which was sent from Madras by Lady Gwillim, under the name of the Seringa-
patam Hollyhock.

III. URENA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 583; Geærtn. fr. t. 135.

Calyx persistent, surrounded by a 5- (or rarely 10-) cleft persistent invo-
lucel. Style 1, 10-cleft at the apex. Carpels 5, (or by abortion 4), capsular,
connivent, indehiscent, 1-seeded, usually echinated externally with numerous
prickles having multifid reflexed points (glochidiate). Radicle inferior.—
Leaves usually bearing beneath glandular pores on one or more of the nerves
near their base. x

The number of glands, the shape of the leaves, and their hairiness, vary so much
in specimens of the same species, that all those generally known might with great

propriety be referred to two,—the Linnean U. lobata, and sinuata. At all events,
no reliance ought to be placed on the characters usually given.

_ 165. (1) U. /obata (Linn.:) herbaceous: leaves roundish, with 3 or more
short sometimes obsolete acute or obtuse lobes, more or less velvety, 5-7-
nerved, with one or sometimes three glands: segments of the involucel 5,
oblong-lanceolate, equal to the expanded calyx: carpels densely pubescent,
echinate.—DC. prod. 1. p. 441; Spr. syst. 3. p. 96; Wall.! L. n. 1928;
Wight! cat. n. 168 (densely villous) and 170 (densely pubescent).— Dill.
Elth, t. 319. f. 412; Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 25. f. 2. A.

*166. (2) U. scabriuscula (DC.:) herbaceous: leaves roundish, with 3
or more short sometimes obsolete acute or obtuse lobes, harshly pubescent
on both sides ; 5-7-nerved, with 1 or 3 glands beneath: segments of the in-
volucel 5, linear, acuminated, longer than the expanded calyx: carpels pu-
bescent, echinated.— DC. prod. 1. p. 441; Spr. syst. 3. p. 96; Wight! cat. n.
169.—U. cana? Wall.! L. n. 1930. b.

The specimens before us were from the Madras herbarium, under the name
of U. lobata, and with the remark that they were the produce of seeds ob-

tained from the Isle of France. Perhaps it is not distinct from the last
species.

t 167. (3) U. repanda (Sm.:) herbaceous: stem downy: leaves broadly |
ovate, waved, serrated, scarcely lobed, longer than the petioles ; upper side
even, rough with stellate hairs; under with a solitary gland, strongly reti-
culated with copious veins, paler but scarcely more soft or downy : segments
of the involucel subulate, the tube at length strongly ribbed: carpels unarmed.
—DC. prod. 1. p. 441.—Pavonia repanda, Spr. syst. 3. p. 98.—Coromandel ;
Roxburgh.

Of this, or of the genus to which it belongs, we know nothing. The above
is entirely taken from Smith (in Rees’ Cyclopedia, v. 37), to whom Rox-
burgh sent specimens: it is not in Wallich’s List.

168. (4) U. sinuata (Linn.:) perennial, shrubby ?: leaves divided into 5
or 3 lobes beyond their middle, serrated, beneath with 1-3 glands on the
nerves, and pale with a hoary pubescence ; sinus rounded ; lobes dilated up-
wards and again lobed: segments of the involucel linear-oblong, about equal
to the ovate divisions of the calyx: carpels pubescent, echinated.—« ; middle —
lobe of the upper leaves about equal to the others.—U, sinuata, DC. prod. 1.

L4

Puyomi. MALVACER. 47

p. 442; Spr. syst. 1. p. 97; Roxb. hort. Bengh.; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1155.—
U. morifolia, DC.? l. e.—U. muricata, DC. l c. (young state).—U. lappago,
Sm.? ; DC. prod. 1. p. 441.—U. heterophylla, Wall.! L. n. 1933. g. H.B.C.”
—Pluk. t. 5. f. 3; Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 2 (not good); Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 25.
J. 2 (bad).—58; middle lobe of the upper leaves much attenuated at its base,

and longer than the others.— Wight! cat. n. 171.—U. heterophylla, Sm.;

DC. prod. 1. p. 442 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 97 ; Wall.! L. n. 1983. g. “ AMungher."—
Burm. Zeyl. t. 69. f. 25 Pluk. t. 14. f. 1. Common in the southern parts
of the Peninsula.

The number of glands, the pubescence, and shape of the leaves, vary on
the same specimen, so that the above distinctions between the varieties are
not very constant, and depend perhaps more upon age. The deeper cut
leaves principally distinguish this from U. Americana, with which U. sinuata,
Sw., and U. paradoxa, H.B. K., are surely the same.

IV. PAVONIA. Cav.; Lam. ill. t. 585.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, surrounded by a 5-15-leaved involucel. Ovarium
"with 5, or rarely 4, 1-ovuled cells. Style 1, 8-10-cleft at the apex. Stigmas
8-10. Carpels 5, or rarely 4, capsular, connivent, 2-valved, 1-seeded. Ra-
dicle inferior.

169. (1) P. odorata (Willd.:) stems herbaceous, viscidly hairy: leaves
cordate, roundish ovate, lower ones sometimes entire ; upper ones with three
short acute lobes, toothed, more or less hairy and viscid: pedicels axillary,
1-flowered, somewhat racemose at the top of the stem and of the short
axillary branches: leaves of the involucel about 12, ciliated, longer than e
calyx: carpels not prickly.—DC. prod. 1. p. 444; Spr. syst. 3. p. 995 Wall.!
L. n. 1886 ; Wight! cat. n. 175.—P. sidoides, Horn. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 444.—
Hibiscus morifolius, Rottl.! in. Herb. Smith.—H. odoratus, Roxb. hort. Bengh.
—H. Chittle-Benda, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 354.——Gingie and Din-
dygul hills. Vendaloore.

170. (2) P. Zeylanica (Cav.:) lower leaves somewhat roundish-cordate,
crenated ; upper ones deeply 3-5-lobed, coarsely toothed: pedicels axillary,
1-flowered: leaves of the involucel 10, ciliated, longer than the calyx: car-
pels unarmed.—DC. prod. 1. p. 444; Spr. syst. 3. p. 99; Wall.! L. n. 1885;
Wight! cat. n. 174.—Hibiscus Zeylanicus, Linn.—Pluk. t. 125. f. 8—
Trichinopoly. TS :

V. LEBRETONIA. Schrank.

Calyx 5-partite, surrounded by a 5-partite involucel of about the same
length. Petals 5, the part protruded beyond the calyx with a twisted estiva-

. tion; limb spreading. Styles 5, each bipartite. Stigmas 10. Carpels 5, or

4 by abortion, unarmed, 1-seeded, indehiscent.
Closely allied to Pavonia, but with carpels as in Malva.

171. (1) L. procumbens (Wight:) procumbent, more or less pubescent :
leaves M parm db ws ie lobes or angles, the middle one
the longest, between crenated and serrated : pedicels axillary, solitary, Siegel
ered, about as long as the leaf: corolla (yellow) 2-3 times longer than =
;Qvate-leaved involucel: carpels prominently reticulated and wrinkled on the
back.—Wall.! L. n. 2688 ; Wight. cat. n. 173.—Pluk. t. 352. f. 5 (good.)

Dr Wallich doubts if this and his L. flava be distinct: we are not ac-
quamted with that species.

VI. HIBISCUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 584; Gertn. fr. t. 134.
Calyx 5-cleft, surrounded by a many- or sometimes few-leaved involucel,

*

48 MALVACEJE. Hinrscus.

with its leaves usually distinct, and sometimes united together at their base

or as far as their middle. Petals not auricled on the one side: ovary 5-celled:

cells with 3 or many ovules. Style 1, 5-cleft at the apex. Stigmas 5. Car-

pels united into a 5-celled, 5-valved, loculicidal capsule : margin of the
_ valves not introflexed ; cells usually many-, rarely by abortion 1-seeded.

§ 1. Trionum ; involucel many-leaved ; calyw becoming inflated, bladdery,
membranaceous, and strongly nerved ; carpels many-seeded ; seeds glabrous.

172. (1) H. vesicarius (Cav.:) leaves toothed ; lower ones undivided ;
upper ones 5-cleft, the lobes oblong obtuse and nearly equal in size—DC.
prod. 1. p. 453; Spr. syst. 3. p. 106 ; Wight ! cat. n. 201.—H. dissectus, Wall. ?
L. n. 2696.

Probably this and all the others of the section are mere variations of H.
Trionum, which seems to be found all over the world.

$ 2. Furcaria ; leaves of the involucel distinct, divaricately forked or with a large
tooth or other appendage; calyx not inflated ; carpels many-seeded ; seeds
glabrous.

173. (2) H. Surattensis (Linn.:) stem herbaceous, and as well as the pe-
tioles and pedicels rough with small recurved prickles: stipules half cordate,
broad, foliaceous: leaves palmately 3-5-lobed, on long petioles: pedicels
elongated, shorter than the petioles: leaves of the involucel linear, incurved,
furnished on their back about the middle with an oblong foliaceous spreading
appendage.—DC. prod. 1. p. 449 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 102 ; Cav. diss. 3. t. 83. f. 15
Wall.! L. n. 1893; Wight! cat. n. 209.—H. furcatus, Wall.! L. n. 1896. ¢
(not Roxb.)—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 44; Rumph. Amb. 4. t. 16; Pluk. t. 5. f. 4.

174. (3) H. furcatus (Roxb.:) stem erect, somewhat woody, softly pubes-
cent, and as well as the petioles and pedicels rough with numerous s
recurved gee : stipules oblong or lanceolate: leaves palmately 3-5-
lobed, under side densely pubescent ; nerves beneath prickly : pedicels rather
shorter than the petioles: leaves of the involucel about 10, linear, incurved,
with an oblong foliaceous spreading appendage at their back about the middle.
—Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 51; DC. prod. 1. p. 449; Spr. syst. 3. p. 102; Wall.
L. n. 1896. a, b?, d; Wight! cat. n. 959.—H. bifurcatus, Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. t. 1582 (not of Willd. nor of Hort. Bengh.)—— Southern provinces.

Very closely allied to H. Surattensis, differing principally by the shape of
the stipules.

* 175. (4) H. radiatus (Cay. :) suffruticose ; stem rough with rigid prickles:
stipules lanceolate : leaves 5—7-partite: segments lanceolate, acuminated, ser-
rated: pedicels very short, without prickles: leaves of the involucel rigidly
MEVS box * oa pes for the one side about the middle—Cav. Diss. 3.
p. tO Fee HE . 1. p. 449; Roxb. in E. I. C. . tab. ;
WaLLaASLeh o 1 1 ee

Roxburgh remarks that it is common in gardens, but that its native country i$
uncertain: in Mr Arnott’s herbarium is a specimen from Jamaica.—Wallich’s I
No. 1894. ¢. is H. diversifolius, Jacq., and the same as Wall. L. n. 1897. :

$3. Ketmia; leaves of the involucel distinct, simple, entire or rarely splits
calyx not inflated ; carpels many-seeded ; seeds glabrous, or pubescent, oT
with a line of dense longish elastic hairs along their back.

176. (5) H. Lampas (Cav.:) arborescent, without prickles: leaves cordate;
3-lobed ; lobes spreading acuminated; upper sides sprinkled with minute
stellate hairs but otherwise glabrous, under tomentose ; middle nerve with à
glandular pore beneath: peduncles axillary, elongated, about 3-flowered,

Hiziscus. MALVACEZ. 49

with very small leaves or bracteæ at the base of the pedicels: involucel mi-
nute, consisting of 5-7 distant subulate leaflets arising from the thickened
apex of the pedicel: calyx nearly truncated, with 5 distant subulate teeth:
corolla convolute and forming a tube at the base.— Cav. diss. 3. p. 154. t. 56.

J:2; DC. prod. 1. p. 447; Spr. syst. 3. p. 101; Wall.! L. n. 1889; Wight! a-
cat. n. 219.—H. Gangeticus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1502.—Paritium Gan- _

geticum, G. Don. Travancore.
De Candolle’s character is erroneous. The fruit is, we believe, unknown ;
and probably this species belongs to Thespesia.

177. (6) H. sidoides (W. & A.:) suffrutescent, without prickles: leaves
oblong, obtuse, crenated, with a soft short tomentum on both sides particu-
larly beneath: peduncles about as long as the petioles, 3-4-flowered, leafless :
flowers approximated: leaves of the involucel linear-lanceolate, about equal ©
to and resembling the calyx: fruit globose: seeds tuberculated, glabrous.—
Wight! cat. n. 58.—H. Wightianus, Wall. L. n. 2695 ?——Madura.

The present is almost the only plant in the genus which we cannot refer
satisfactorily to some other species in Wallich’s List, and therefore we presume
it is his No. 2695 ; but we are far from certain: this may perhaps rather be
his H. setosus ? n. 1902. c; in which ease his H. Wightianus must belong to
the following. ; ite 2

178. (7) H. lunarifolius (Willd.:) stems herbaceous, clothed with ad-
pressed hairs, but not prickly: leaves on longish petioles, roundish cordate,
slightly and acutely 3-5-lobed, serrated ; upper side sprinkled sparingly, un-
der copiously, with shining brittle 3—4-partite hairs: pedicels very short,
thickened below the flower, very hairy, axillary or by the absence of leaves
disposed in a long terminal raceme: leaves of the invoiucel about 10, linear,
acuminated, rather longer than the calyx: segments of the calyx linear;
sinus rounded: corolla tubular below, about 4 times longer than the calyx:
capsule nearly, globose, acuminated: seeds glabrous, with a very few small
tubercles — DC. prod. 1. p. 451; Spr. syst. 3. p. 105; Wight! cat. n. 223.—

: pruriens, Roxb, hort. Bengh. p. 51; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 359; DC.? prod.

D. 448; Spr.? syst. 3. p.105; Wall.! L. n. 1892. Dindygul.

De Candolle and Sprengel say that the corolla is only as long as the calyx,
So that if theirs be the true plant, which is probable, the flowers must be in
à state of abortion, or not expanded. Perhaps Wallich's H. Wightianus may

the entire leaved state of this species.

179. (8) H. Rosa-sinensis (Linn.:) stem arborescent, without. prickles:
leaves ovate, acuminated, quite glabrous, or sprinkled beneath with a very
few short soft hairs particularly on the nerves, quite entire towards the base,
Coarsely toothed and slightly cut towards the apex : pedicels axillary, as long
or longer than the leaves, jointed above their middle: leaves of the involucel
6-7, linear, about half as long as the tubular 5-cleft calyx: corolla tubular
below.— p. prod. 1. p. 448; Spr. syst. 3. p.103; Wall.! L.n.1890; Wight!
cat. n. 212 and 221.— Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 16 ; Rumph. Amb. 4.1.8. — 0

€ seeds are unknown, and the fruit, we believe, has been only described
Loureiro. If the seeds prove to have a dense line of elastic hairs, as in
the allied H. syriacus (with which H. rhombifolius, Cav. and DC. prod. 1.
P- 452, and the Bonga raja alba of Rumphius, are mere varieties), then it ma
better to alter slightly the sectional character, and to include them bot
‘mong the Bombicellæ, with which they have certainly more affinity. -

180. (9) H. canescens (Heyne:) stem shrubby, without prickles : leaves on
long durs roundish recs ly eel at e base, slightly and acutely
lobed, upper ones sometimes entire, repand, minutely and grey! toothed
by the excurrent nerves ; upper side nearly glabrous, under harshly tomen-
tose: stipules long and setaceous: pedicels short, angled, dilated under the

Ower: leaves of the involucel 5, linear-subulate and very sharp at the point,
m D

LI
T $

B

50 MALVACEX. Hiniscvs. .

longitudinally striated, longer than the 5-cleft calyx: sepals 3-nerved, margin
thin: corolla tubular below: seeds pubescent.—Heyne ! in Wall. L. n. 2698 5
Wight! cat. n. 222.—W. septemnervosus, Wight! in Wall. L. n. 2693.—H.
Borbonicus, Wight! in Wall. L. n. 2694 (not Link.?) Mysore. Madura.
Gingie hills.

As we have not at present access to the figure given by Link and Otto, we

- dare not refer this plant to Willdenow's H. acerifolius, which is said to have

a setaceous 6-7-leaved involucel; but the character presents no other differ-
ence.

181. (10) H. panduriformis (Burm.:) stem herbaceous, without prickles,
pubescent and covéred with rigid spreading divided hairs: leaves cordate,
unequally toothed, upper side hispidly tomentose, under with a soft whitish
dense tomentum ; lower ones roundish and slightly 5-lobed, upper ones
usually acuminated: pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, very short: leaves of the
involucel 8, linear and slightly spathulate, erect with the apex patulous or
recurved, shorter than the 5-cleft calyx: corolla tubular: capsule ovoid,
pointed, very hairy— Burm. Ind. p. 151. t. 47. f. 2 (bad); DC. prod. 1,
p. 455 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 105; Wight! cat. n. 213.—H. tubulosus, Cav. diss. 3.
p. 161. t. 63. f. 2; DC. prod. 1. p. 447; Spr. syst. 3. p. 101; Roxb. hort.
Bengh. p. 51.—H. pilosus, Rozb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 672.—H. setosus,

Wall.! L. n. 1902. e-g (not Roxb.)— H. velutinus, DC.? prod. 1. p. 4525 — ;

Spr.? syst. 3. p. 104.—— Southern provinces.

The seeds are usually pubescent, but a specimen before us has them

brous, although otherwise quite the same. The H. setosus of Roxb. in E.

. C. mus. tab. 1271, and probably Wall. L. 1902. a, b, has the hairs on the

stem erect and elose pressed, leaves large cordate and entire, the leaves of
the involucel lanceolate, and united to their middle as in Paritium tiliaceum,
to which genus it perhaps belongs ; and the seed with long fulvous hair: in--
deed it seems to be in no respect distinct from H. macrophyllus, Roxb. and
Wall. pl. Asiat. rar. t. 51.

182. (11) H. eannabinus (Linn.:) stem herbaceous, glabrous, prickly: —
leaves palmately 5-partite, peu segments narrow lanceolate, acuminated, ——
serrated ; middle nerve with a gland beneath : flowers almost sessile, axillary:
leaves of the involucel about 9, subulate, prickly with rigid bristles, shorter
than the undivided portion of the calyx: calyx divided beyond the middle ;
segments lanceolate-subulate, slightly prickly, 1-nerved, with a large gland
about the middle of each nerve: corolla spreading: fruit nearly globose, acu-
minated, very hairy: seeds glabrous.— DC. prod. 1. p. 450; Spr. syst. 3.
p.103; Wall.! L. n. 1898; Wight! cat. n. 204.— Negapatam.

183. (12) H. vitifolius (Linn.:) stem scarcely with any prickles, herba-
ceous: leaves roundish cordate, unequally toothed or crenated, with about
5 acute or obtuse angles or lobes; upper side nearly smooth or tomentose, -
under more or less softly tomentose: pedicels drooping, scarcely so long 8$ —
the petioles : leaves of the involucel about 12, subulate, as long as the un k
vided portion of the calyx: calyx divided to the middle ; segments triangu-
lar: corolla patent: carpels hairy, compressed at the back at the line of de-
hiscence into a short wing: seeds slightly tuberculated.— DC. prod. 1. p. 4505

Spr. syst. 3. p. 103 ; Wall.! L. n. 1899; Wight! cat. n. 210 (leaves very t0-
mentose on both sides, and lobes acuminated), and 211 (leaves more glabrous - D

above, and lobes obtuse or somewhat acute).— H. obtusifolius, Willd. ;
Rottl.! ; DC. prod. l. c; Spr. syst. l. c.—H. truncatus, Roxb. hort. Bengh.’
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1581.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 46. From Madras to Ne-
gapatam. Malabar.

So endless are the forms of the leaves of this plant that we dare not cha-
racterise varicties. Roxburgh attempts to distinguish his H. truncatus (the —
same state with Willdenow s H. obtusifolius), by the position of the joint ef *
the pedicel: we have, however, always found it about the middle. he

*

Hisiscvus. MALVACEZ. : "al

184. (13) H. mutabilis (Linn. !) arborescent, without prickles: leaves cor- `
date, with 5 acute angles or lobes, toothed, and as well as the branches more
or less tomentose: pedicels elongated, almost the length of the leaf, jointed
a little below the flower: leaves of the involucel 8-10, linear, twice as short
as the c : ealyx-segments ovate, acuminated, 3-nerved: corolla spread-
ing: capsule orbicular, flattened horizontally, hairy outside and inside : seeds
reniform.—DC. prod. 1. p. 452 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 104; Wall. L. n. 1907 ; Wight!
cat. n. 220.— Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 38, 39, 40, 41, 42 ; Rumph. amb. 4. t. 9.

Rheede figures the seeds as hairy; Rumphius describes them only as
wrinkled; we have not seen them. .

185. (14) H. eriocarpus (DC.:) stem arborescent, glabrous, without prickles :
leaves glabrous or very slightly sprinkled with minute divided hairs, cordate,
3-lobed; lobes usually oblong acuminated, repand-toothed or entire : pedicels
rather longer than the petioles: leaves of the involucel 8-9, oblong-acumina-
ted, waved, slightly toothed, often split down the middle, about as long as
the calyx : ealyx-segments oblong-lanceolate, 1-nerved: corolla very spread-
ing ; claws with a tuft of hair on each side: capsule orbicular, slightly flat-
tened, very hairy inside and outside: seeds spherical, glabrous —DC. prod. 1.
p.452; Spr. Syst. 3. p. 104; Wight! cat. n. 214.—H. collinus, Roxb. hort.
Bengh. p. 51 ; Wall. L. n. 1908.—H. simplex, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 360;
G. Don in Mill. Dict.

$4. Bombicella; leaves of the involucel distinct, simple; calyx not inflated *
carpels many-seeded ; seeds covered with numerous soft woolly or long silky
hairs,

186. (15) H. hirtus (Linn. !) shrubby : leaves on hairy petioles, ovate, acu-
minated, or (the lower ones) cordate, slightly and acutely 3-lobed, strongly
serrated, harsh, slightly hairy, with a large gland beneath on the middle
herve ; serratures in the young leaves terminated by a bristle: pedicels axil-

ty, covered with stiff patent hairs, longer than the leaf, jointed a little below
the flowers, slightly thickened above the joint: involucel-leaves 5-7, subu-
late, hairy, shorter than the calyx: calyx deeply divided ; segments linear-
lanceolate, hairy : corolla patent.—Poir. in Encycl. Meth. 3. p. 356; Wight !
cat. n. 208.—H. Rosa Malabarica, Koen. ; Ker in Bot. reg. t. 337 ; Spr. syst.
3. p. 105.—H. phæniceus, Willd. (excl. syn. Linn. Supp. and H. hirtus,
Cav.) ; DC. prod. 1. p. 452 (partly) ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 105 (partly) ; Cav. diss.
3. t. 67. f. 2. (excl. f); Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 357 ; Wall./ L. n. 1904.
—Pluk. t. 254. f. 35 Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 1.——Coromandel and Malabar.

Poiret has well distinguished H. hirtus and H. pheniceus: Cavanilles has
exactly reversed the two names. The plant in De Candolle’s herbarium, fröm
the Montpellier garden, of which Mr Arnott possesses a specimen, compared
with De Candolle’s, is H. pheniceus, Jacq. ; it is almost glabrous, has 9-10

abrous involucel-leaves as long as the calyx, the pedicel jointed about the
middle, stamens declinate ; and is one and the same with H. unilateralis,

V.; a plant only at present known in cultivation, and probably obtained
m the West Indies. k

mle (16) H. micranthus (Linn. !) shrubby: leaves ovate or roundish, en-
tire, acutely serrated, rough with bristly hairs: pedicels axillary, longer than
the leaf: involucel-leaves 7, setaceous, shorter than the calyx: corolla re-
flexed.—Cav. diss. 3. t. 66. f.1; DC. prod. 1. p. 453; Spr. syst. 3. p. 106 ;
nt fat n. 207.—H, rigidus, Linn.!; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 358 ;
`| L. n. 1905.——Negapatam, common. ;

The natives, WM ieri eat the green tender capsules of both
this and the last. Roxn. uss. m
D

52 MALVACEA. PARITIUM.

§ 5. Sabdariffa; leaves of the involucel more or less united from the base to
the middle ; calyx not inflated ; carpels many-seeded ; seeds glabrous.

188. (17) H. Sabdariffa (Linn.:) annual, glabrous : lower leaves undivided ;
upper palmately 3-5-lobed, cuneate and entire at the base: lobes oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, toothed: flowers axillary, solitary, on very short
pedicels: involucel-segments about 12.—Cav. diss. 3. p. 170, and 6. p. 351.
t. 198. f. 1; DC. prod. 1. p. 453; Spr. syst. 3. p. 107; Wall.! L. n. 1909;
Wight! cat. n. 218.— Pluk. t. 6. f. 2.

VII. PARITIUM. St Hil.

Calyx surrounded by a 10-14-toothed or cleft involucel, shorter than the ca-
lyx. Petals not auricled. Staminiferous tube 5-toothed, naked. Style 5-
cleft, with 5 stigmas, exserted beyond the staminiferous tube. Carpels united
into a 5-celled, 5-valved, loculicidal capsule ; margin of the valves introflexed,
the capsule thus appearing imperfectly 10-celled; cells several-seeded.—
Trees or shrubs. Leaves entire, crenated, or lobed ; 1 or 3 of the nerves be-
neath glandular at the base. Stipules broad, ovate. Peduncles 1-flowered,
axillary, or terminal and bibracteolate.

189. (1) P. tiliaceum (St Hil. :) leaves erenulated, sometimes quite entire,
roundish-cordate with a sudden aeumination, 7-11 nerved ; upper side gla-
brous, under hoary with pubescence: stipules ovate: involucel 10-lobed.—
Wight! cat. n. 216.—Hibiscus tiliaceus, Linn.; DC. prod. 1. p. 454; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 106 ; Roxb. hort. Bengh. in E. I. C. mus. t. 1500 ; Wall. ! L. n. 1912.

, —H. similis, B/ume.—H. elatus, circinnatus, and Guinensis, DC. 1. c; Spr.

syst. 3. p. 107.—Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 73; Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 30; Pluk. t. 388

f. 55; t. 118. f. 3. Malabar and Travancore. it
_As Roxburgh (Hort. Bengh. p. 5.) quotes the figure in the Hort. Mal. for
his H. tortuosus (Wall. L. n. 1913), probably that also is not distinct.

* 190 (2) P. tricuspis (G. Don:) leaves hoary beneath, rounded at the —
base, with 3 divaricating lanceolate slightly toothed or entire lobes: stipules —
ovate: involucel 9-10 lobed.— Wight! cat. n. 217.— Hibiscus tricuspus, Banks; —
mme 1. p. 458 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 106 ; Cav. diss. 8. t. 55. f. 2 ; Wall.! L.™

LEM affrms that this was introduced into India from the Society
nds.

VIII. DECASCHISTIA. W.& A.

Calyx 5-cleft, surrounded by an involucel of 10 leaves more or less "ie
equally united at the base. Petals not auricled. Style exserted beyond the —
staminiferous column, 10-cleft, with 10 stigmas: segments hairy. Carpels - :
united into a 10-celled, 10-valved, loculicidal capsule; valves attached by 3
the base to a short conical 10-angled central column. Seeds solitary in :
cell, naked.—A shrub, Leaves coriaceous, ovate, entire, or slightly lobed, :
coarsely toothed, velvety on both sides with a short dense compact tomen- -
tum, whitish beneath ; middle nerve beneath with a glandular pore near 1s
base. oS

Calyx segments triangular-acuminated, with one dorsal nerve and two others |

forming the margins and uniting, each with the marginal one of the contiguous 5è- —
pal, and decurrent along the line of junction of the sepals ; seeds glabrous. :

191. (1) D. erotonifolia (W. & A.)—Wight! cat. n. 215.— Hibiscus eroto-

ABELMOSCHUS. MALVACEA. à 59 '

nifolius, Wall.! L.n.1901.—H.? coriaceus, Heyne mst —H. pterospermoides,
Wight mss. Mysore and Madura, on high hills.

IX. ABELMOSCHUS. Med.

Calyx 5-toothed, spathaceous, deciduous, surrounded by a 5-10-leaved
often very caducous involucel. Ovarium 5-celled ; cells with many ovules.
Style 1, 5-cleft atthe apex. Stigmas 5. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, loculi-
cidal, polyspermous. Seeds naked.

- 192. (1) Ab. esculentus.(W.& A.:) stem herbaceous, hairy, without prickles:
leaves on longish’ petioles, cordate, with 3-5 obtuse lobes, strongly toothed,
scabrous on both sides, with short appressed rigid hairs ; pedicels very short :
involucel-leaves 10, deciduous: capsule pyramidal, elongated, acuminated.—
Wight! cat. n. 206.—Hibiscus esculentus, Linn.; DC. prod. 1. p. 450; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 102 ; Cav. diss. 3. t. 61. f. 2.

- 193. (2) A. angulosus (Wall.:) stems herbaceous, not prickly: leaves on
long petioles, cordate, 5-lobed, unequally toothed ; lobes ovate acuminated ;
upper side pubescent with short softish hairs, under slightly tomentose: pe-
dicels rigidly and horizontally hairy, about as long as the petioles: involucel
falling off long before the flower-buds open: calyx conical from a broad base,
sepals only slightly cohering: capsule ovoid, acute, very hispid.— Wall. ! L.
n. 1927 ; Wight ! cat. n. 202.——Neelgherries. :

So fugacious is the involucel that we have not been able to see it on our
specimens. :

194. (3) A. rugosus (Wall. :) all over hispid with bristly hairs, except the
pedicels: stems herbaceous, not prickly: leaves on long petioles, tomentose,
toothed, 5-lobed ; the two lower lobes usually oblong, slightly obtuse, point-
ing downwards, and scarcely diverging ; upper ones lanceolate, acuminated :
pedicels shortish, arranged in a longish terminal raceme without leaves: in-
volucel-leaves 10, setaceous, persistent: capsule ovoid, very hairy.— Wall. !
L. n. 1923 ; Wight ! cat. n. 203.—Madura hills.

195. (4) A. moschatus (Moench:) stem herbaceous, hispid with spreading
hairs, not prickly : leaves, and long petioles, hispid with rigid hairs but other-
wise ponie unequally and coarsely toothed, deeply 5-7 lobed; lobes all
Spreading, oblong or lanceolate, acuminated : pedicels harshly pubescent, axil-

» about as long as the petioles: involucel-leaves 6-10, linear, hairy, some-
what persistent: capsule oblong, acuminated, hairy.—Wall. L. p. 87.n. 1915;
Wight ! cat. n. 203.—Hibiscus moschatus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. t. 1503.—
H. Abelmoschus, Linn. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 452 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 104.—H. longi-
folius, Willd. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 450; Spr. syst. 3. p. 102; Wight! in Wall. L.
^. 2699.—H. pseudo-abelmoschus, Blume (not Roxb.)—H. flavescens, Cav.
diss, 3. p. 174. t. 70. f. 3. (according to Poiret in Encycl. Meth. 3. p. 364) ;
DC. prod. 1. p. 454. —Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 38.——Madura and Courtallum. ——

196. (5) A. ficulneus (W. & A.:) stem herbaceous, prickly with small
Sharp tubercles: leaves on long petioles, hispid with short hairs, palmately
lobed, upper ones 3-lobed ; lobes oblong, obtuse, narrowed towards the
; unequally toothed: pedicels about half the length of the petioles,
per ones arranged in a leafless raceme : involucel-leaves 5, lanceolate, usually
_ yery caducous: calyx oblong, acuminated, 5-toothed, hispidly tomentose :
ut ovoid, harshly tomentose.—Wight! cat. n. 205.—Hibiscus ficulneus,
Linn. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 448 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 102 ; Wall. ! L. n. 2697.—H. si-
nuatus, Cav. diss. 3. t. 52. Ff. 2. (bad).—Lagunea aculeata, Cav. diss. 3. p. 173.
t. Tl. f. 1. (pretty good) ; DC. prod. 1. p. 474; Spr. syst. 3. p. 123; Lam. ill.
t. 9T1.— Dill. hort. Elth. t. 157. f. 190.——Naturalized at Trevalore near Nc-
Sapatam, but a native of the southern provinces of the Peninsula.

54 à MALVACEÆ. THESPESIA.

X. THESPESIA. Corr.

Calyx truncated, surrounded by a caducous 3-leaved involucel. Style
simple, 5-sulcated towards the apex, with 5 points or stigmas. Carpels 5,
united into a 5-celled coriaceous capsule not spontaneously dehiscing ; cells
with an introflexed membrane in the middle at their back, about 4-seeded.—
Trees. Leaves cordate, acuminated, quite entire.

197. (1) T. populnea (Corr.:) young parts, and leaves beneath, sprinkled
with minute rusty-coloured scales : leaves roundish cordate, acuminated, 5-7-
nerved, with pores beneath at the base between the nerves: pedicels about
as long as the petioles.— DC. prod. 1. p. 456 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 96; Wall.! L. n.
1888; Wight! cat. n. 172.—Hibiscus populneus, Linn.; Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 351.—H. populneoides, Rowb. l. e. tab. 352.—Malvaviscus popul-
neus, Gertn. fr. t. 135.—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 29.

Blume separates from this the plant in Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 74, ander the
name of T. macrophylla, the pedicels being shorter than the petioles; We
doubt much if that be sufficient. Roxburgh's Hib. populneoides, which he
only observed in gardens about Courtallum, is merely a state with the acumi-
nation of the leaves a little longer than usual, and their margins slightly waved:
he attempts to point out a difference also in the fruit.

XI. GOSSYPIUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill, t. 586; Gertn. fr. t. 134.

Calyx eup-shaped, obtusely 5-toothed, surrounded by a 3-leaved invo-
lucel, with the leaves united and cordate at the base and deeply cut or
toothed irregularly. Style simple, marked with 3 or 5 furrows towards the —
apex. Stigmas usually 3, sometimes 5. Capsules 3-5-celled, 3—5-valved at —
the apex, loculicidal. Seeds numerous, imbedded in cotton.— Young branches
and leaves more or less conspicuously covered with little black dots; nerves
below usually with one or more glands.

, M. Rohr has long ago pointed out, from many years experience in the West w
dies, that constant characters could not be obtained from the shape of the leave ——
-their glands, or the involucel, but must be looked for in the seed. Dr F. age
chanan Hamilton (Linn. Trans. v. 13. p. 492) makes the same remark, and adds, —
that ** the plant being annual, or growing to a small tree with a woody stem lasting —
for years, is a mere accidental circumstance, owing to the manner of treatment. —
In dividing the genus into species, we therefore follow this last writer, who mentions —
that the pubescence is a better criterion than either the number and form of the —
lobes of the leaf, or the number of the glands, for distinguishing the varieties. E
Rohr divides the cotton plants with which: ho was acquainted into,—l. those WI
seeds black and rough; 2. with seeds brownish-black and veined ; 3. seeds sprinkl
with short hairs; 4. seeds completely covered with a close down: which characters
combined with the colour of the cotton, and its mode of attachment to the seed, ant —
the shape of the seed, we recommend to the attention of those who have the means —
of studying them in the a one ^ ; as it is almost necessary that dried specimens m
leaf, flower, and ripe fruit, be accompanied by remarks, before botanists can clear —
up this genus with any kind of satisfaction. ^

198. (1) G. album (Ham.:) seeds and cotton both white—Wight ! cat. n. —
176, 178.—G. herbaceum, Linn.; DC. prod. 1. p. 456; Spr. syst. 9. P- 95;
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. t. 1493; Wall. L. n. 1880.—G. hirsutum, Linn.; —
DC. prod. 1. p. 456 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 96.—G. obtusifolium, Roxb. in E. I. e
mus. tab. 1495.—G. trieuspidatim, Lam.—G. eglandulosum, Cav.? ; DC
l. c.— Pluk. t. 188. f. 1. and 2; Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 31. f

Hamilton refers Rheede’s figure to the next, but that author describes the
seeds as white. G. micranthum, Cav., appears to be a glabrous variety.

199. (2) G. nigrum (Ham.!) seeds black, cotton white.—2; stems and —
leaves more or less hairy or pubescent; flowers yellowish.—Wight ! cat. n-

^ Laconea. MALVACEX. ` ee 55

177.—G. Indicum, Lam.; DC. prod. 1. p. 456; Spr. syst. 3. p. 96.—G. viti-
folium, Lam.; DC. l. ¢.; Spr. l.c.; Roxb. in E. F.C. mus. tab. 1498; Wall.
L. n. 1875. a, c, d, k.—G. Peruvianum, Cav.; DC. l. ce.s Spr. l. c.—G. latifo-
lium, Murr.; DC. l. c.—Rumph. Amb. 4. t. 12, 13.—8 ; stem and leaves quite
glabrous ; flowers yellowish.——Wight! cat. n. 180.—G. Barbadense, Linn.;
DC. l. c.; Spr. l. c.; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1499.—G. Javanicum, Blume.
—G. racemosum, Poir. ; DC. 1. e. p. 457.—G. glabrum, Pow.—G. vitifolium,
Wall.! L. n. 1915. h.—Pluk. t. 299. f. 1.—9y ; stem and leaves more or less pu-
bescent, sometimes nearly glabrous; flowers copper-coloured.— Wight ! cat.
n. 179.—G. rubicundum, Roxb. in. E. I. C. mus. t. 1496.—G. arboreum,
Linn.!; DC. l. c. p. 456; Spr. l c.; Wall.! L. n. 1881.—G. purpurascens,
Fidis DC. I. c. p. 457.—G. vitifolium, Wall. ! L. n. 1875. i. L—Pluk, t. 188.
* 200. (3) G. religiosum (Sw.:) seeds black; cotton copper-coloured.—
Swartz. act. Holm. 1790. p. 21; Willd. sp. 3. p. 805; DC. prod. 1. p. 456;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 95.—G. croceum, Ham.—G. vitifolium, Wall.! L. n. 1875. n.

LI

XII. LAGUNEA. Cav.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, without an involucel. Ovarium 5-celled ; cells
with 5-6 ovules. Style 1, 5-cleft at the apex. Carpels united into a 5-
celled, 5-valved, loculicidal capsule, the margin of the valves not introflexed ;
cells 5-6-seeded.

This genus only differs from Hibiscus by the total absence of an involucel: the
original species, the L. aculeata, Cav., belongs to Abelmoschus.

201. (1) L. lobata (Willd.:) herbaceous: lower leaves petioled, cordate,
upper ones palmate, cut; uppermost trifid or lanceolate: pedicels slender,
l-flowered, arranged in a terminal lax, leafless, raceme.—Cav. diss. 5. t. 136.
f.13; DC. prod. 1. p. 474; Spr. syst. 3. p. 123; Wall.! L, n. 1876; Wight!
cat. n. 181.—Solandra lobata, Murr.; Lam. ill. t. 580.—Triguera acerifolia,
Cav. diss. 1. p. 41. t. 11.— Hibiscus solandra, L’ Her. st. t. 49,—Sida hetero-
phylla, Heyne /—S, diversifolia, Spr. syst. 3. p. 116.——Dindygul and Gingie’
hills. Coromandel; Roxburgh.

XIII. ABUTILON. Dill.; Kunth; Lam. ill. t. 578. f. 25 Gertn. fr. t. 135.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, without an involucel. Ovary 5- or many-celled, `
with 3, rarely more, ovules in each cell. Styles 5 or more. Stigmas capitate.
Capsule composed of 5 or more, 3- or rarely 4-6-seeded, 2-valved, cocci.—
Leaves cordate. Peduncles axillary, solitary or rarely in pairs, 1- or 2- or
"M -flowered ; sometimes, by the abortion of the upper leaves, forming ter-
minal spikes. : :

202. (1) A. polyandrum (W. & A.:) leaves roundish cordate, with a sud-
den longish acumination, distantly repand-toothed, younger ones reticulated
beneath and velvety: peduncles arranged in small-leaved terminal racemes ;
pedicels longer than the leaves: stamens united into a very short column at
their base: carpels 5, twice as long as the calyx.— Wight! cat. n. 184.—
Sida polyandra, Rowb.; Wall.! L.n. 1851.—8. Persica, Burm. ind. t. 4T. f. 15
Cav. diss, 1. t. 4. f. 1; DC. prod. 1. p. 473.——Nundidroog- Neelgherries.

* 203. (2) A. periplocifolium (G. Don :) leaves cordate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, quite entire, slightly scabrous above, tomentose beneath, upper ones
nearly sessile: pedicels slender, solitary or in pairs, axillary or in an elon-
gated lax terminal raceme, jointed a little under the flower: carpels 5, ovate
acuminated.—Sida periplocifolia, Linn.; DC. prod. 1. p. 407 5 Spr. syst. 3.
P. 114; Wall.! L. n. 1861.—Dillen. Elth. t. 9. f. 2; Pluk. t. T4. f. 1——
From the Missionaries’ garden. Él.

.

56 : MALVACEJE. ABUTILON.

204. (3) A. erispum (G. Don:) leaves cordate, acuminated, crenated,
whitish and slightly velyety, upper ones nearly sessile: pedicels solitary
slender, bent downwards when in fruit: calyx reflexed: fruit globose in-
flated, membranaceous ; carpels 12-13, not awned, waved and curled, hairy
on the back.— Wight ! cat. n. 185.—Sida crispa, Linn.; DC. prod. 1. p. 469;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 119; Wall.! L.n.1857.—8ida montana, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 1491.— Dill. Elth. t. 5. f. 5.——Gingie hills. Coromandel.

205. (4) A. Indicum (G. Don:) leaves cordate, somewhat lobed, soft,
shortly tomentóse, unequally toothed: stipules reflexed: pedicels erect,
longer than the petiole, jointed near the flower: calyx segments ovate, acute:
corolla patent: capsule truncated, evidently longer than the calyx: carpels
11-20, acute, not awned, hairy.—« ; leaves scarcely acute.— Wight ! cat. n.
190. b.—Sida indica, Linn.; DC. prod. 1. p. A71 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 119; Wall.!
L. n. 1859 ; Cav. diss. 1. t. 7. f. 10.—8; leaves more or less acuminated.—
Wight! cat. n. 190. a.—8. populifolia, Lam.; DC. prod. 1. p. 470; Spr. syst.
3. p. 119 ; Wall.! L.n.1858.d. f. ; Cav. diss. 1. t. 7. f. 9.—8. Beloere, L Her.
— S. Eteromischos, Cav. diss. 5. t. 128. f. 2.— Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 65; Rumph.
Amb. 4. t. 11; Pluk. t. 120; f. 5.

Between these varieties there are no certain limits, nor can we well dis-
tinguish S. vesicaria, Cav., a Mexican plant. The duration is of no con-
sequence, the Indian plant being biennial, triennial, or even perennial, ac-
cording to circumstances.

206. (5) A. Asiaticum (G. Don:) branches pubescent, not hairy: leaves
cordate, acute or acuminated, toothed, velvety on both sides: pedicels longer
than the petiole, jointed near the flower: calyx-segments ovate, with a long
point: eapsule hairy, truncated, scarcely so long as the calyx: carpels about
20, acute, not awned.— Wight! cat.n. 192.—Sida Asiatica, Linn.; DC. prod.
1. p. 470 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 119; Cav. diss. 1. t. T. f. 2; and diss. 5. t. 128.
fF. 1.—8. populifolia, Wall.! L. n. 1858h. l

There is no character to separate this from the last except the larger calyx,
and that we fear is of minor importance. ad

207. (6) A. hirtum (G. Don:) branches pubescent, sprinkled with horizon- ——
tal hairs: leaves cordate acuminated, toothed, under side tomentose and
hairy on the nerves: pedicels longer than the petioles, jointed near the —
flower: calyx segments ovate with a long point: capsule very hairy, trun-
cated, scarcely so ee as the calyx: carpels 15-20, acute, not awned.—
Wight! eat. n. 188.—Sida hirta, Lam.; DC. prod. 1. p. 470; Spr. syst. 9.
p. 119.—8. pilosa, L’ Her —S. populifolia, Wall. L. n. 1858. g.

208. (7) A. graveolens (W. & A.:) branches pubescent, sprinkled with

horizontal hairs: leaves cordate, round with a short sudden acumination,

toothed, velvety on both sides: pedicels about the length of the petioles,
jointed near the flower: calyx-segments ovate with longish point: corolla at -
length reflexed: capsule hairy, truncated, rather longer than the calyx:
carpels 25-30, acute, not awned.—Wight! cat. n. 191.—Sida graveolens,
Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 505 in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1492; DC. prod. 1. p. 4185
Spr. syst. 3. p. 118 ; Wall.! L. n. 1856.—8. tomentosa, Wall.! L. n. 1852.5. —
(from Gonga-chora only).—Rumph. Amb. 4. p. 29 (good), t. 10 (not good). — —

Perhaps this, and the three preceding, are mere varieties of one and the
"id species ; they seem, indeed, to pass by insensible gradations into each
other.

209. (8) A. tomentosum (W. & A.:) branches pubescent and very hairy*

leaves round, cordate, obtuse or acute, tomentose on both sides, toothed: ;

pedicels stout, jointed near the flower, usually arranged in an axillary nearly
. leafless raceme : calyx very tomentose, segments short and broad but with a
ong point: petals very obliquely obcordate: capsule globose, depressed OF
concave, not truncated, very tomentose, shorter than the calyx: carpels reni-

- Spa. | MALVACER. 57

form.— Wight! cat. n. 189 and 187.—Sida tomentosa, Roxb. hort. Bengh.
p. 50; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 671; Wall! L. n. 1852.a, b (from H. B. C.), e, e.

The pedicels are from an inch to an inch and a half long, and the petioles
usually about the same length or rather shorter, but in Wight’s cat. n. 187,
the petioles are fully three inches in length, while the pedicels are not longer
than common.

XIII. SIDA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 578. f. 1, and t. 519.

Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, without an involucel. Ovarium 5- or many-
celled, with a solitary ovule in each cell. Styles 5, or more, according to
the number of cells. Stigmas capitate. Capsule consisting of 5 or more l-
seeded, often 2-valved, cocci. Radicle superior.

210. (1) Sida acuta (Burm.:) shrubby: branches without tubercles under
the leaves: leaves narrow lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, or slightly
sprinkled above and on the nerves beneath with bristly hairs, coarsely simply
serrated, the serratures patent: stipules linear acuminated, stiffish, striated
with several longitudinal nerves, ciliated, often longer than the petiole: pe-
dicels axillary, solitary, not shorter than the petiole nor longer than the sti-
pules ; jointed about the middle, sometimes arranged in a short axillary almost
leafless branch: carpels 5-9, birostrate.—Cav. diss. 1. t. 2. f. 3; DC. prod. 1.
p. 460; Spr. syst. 3. p. 110; Wall.! L. n. 1868; Wight! cat. n. 199, 200.—
S. lanceolata, Retz; Willd.!; Spr. l. e.—8. Stauntoniana, DC. l. c.—8. sco-
paria, Lour.—Pluk. t. 334. f. 2; Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 53; Rumph. Amb. 5.
t. 18. f. 2 (bad).

That our plant is the S. acuta of Burmann, and fi red by Rheede and
Plukenet, we are certain, although the deseriptions hitherto given make no
allowance for the variations we have observed.

211. (2) S. stipulata (Cav.:) suffruteseent: branches without tubercles
under the leaves: leaves rhomboid-ovate, acute or acuminated, simply or
doubly serrated, glabrous, or sprinkled with a short stellate pubescence, par-
tieularly on the under side: stipules linear-acuminated, striated, ciliated,
about twice the length of the petioles: pedicels axillary, solitary, as long as
the petioles or sometimes as long as the stipules, jointed usually near the
base: carpels 7-11, long-birostrate.—Cav. diss. 1. t. 3. f. 10; DC. prod. 1.
p. 460; Wight! cat. n. 197.—8. acuta, Wall.! L. n. 1868. g.

This chiefly differs from the preceding species by the broader leaves; but
from the West Indian S. Balbisiana, brachypetala, and repanda, of authors,
which seem to form one species, we can point out no satisfactory distinguish-
mg character.

t* 212. (3) S. orientalis (Cav.:) suffrutescent: leaves rhomboid or ovate,
obtuse, acute or acuminated, toothed, glabrous: stipules linear, as long as
the petioles: pedicels axillary, solitary, not quite so long as the petiole:
p "aer obtuse.— Cav. diss. 1. t. 12. f. 15 DC. prod. 1. p. 461 ; Spr. syst.
3. p. 116. pen

213. (4) S. scabrida (W. & A.:) whole plant sprinkled with rigid, simple,
or 2-3- (or more) partite hairs: branches without tubercles under the leaves :
leaves rhomboid or oblong, lanceolate ; both sides green, without tomentum:

stipules subulate, striated, ciliated, longer than the petiole: pedicels axillary,
` Solitary, more than half the length of the leaf, 3—4-times as long as tees sti-
pais jointed at the very base: carpels 9-11, bicuspidate.— Wight! cat. n.

214. (5) S. rhomboidea (Roxb.:) shrubby: branches without tubercles un-
der the leaves : leaves rhomboid-lanceolate, serrated ; under side hoary with
short tomentum : stipules subulate, slender, longer than the petioles : pedicels
more than half the length of the leaf, jointed at the very base, axillary, soli- -

58 : MALVACEJE. Sma.

tary, usually collected into leafy corymbs at the extremity of the branches:
carpels 8-11, slightly bicuspidate—Rowb. hort. Bengh. p. 50; in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 1489 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 462 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 117; Wall.! L. n. 1863.
— $. rhombifolia, Wall. ! L. n. 1862 f. (from H. B. C.) Negapatam. Coro-
mandel.

Dr Wallich says that Roxburgh's plant is S. rhombifolia (distinguished
by the long beaks to the carpels) ; but Roxburgh’s figure, and what was cul-
tivated in the Caleutta garden by Roxburgh, agree perfectly with ours. Per-
haps, from the similarity of names, Wallich has accidentally confused S. rhom-
bifolia and. S. rhomboidea.

215. (6) S. retusa (Linn. :) shrubby: branches without tubercles under the
leaves : leaves obovate, retuse (upper ones sometimes only rounded), toothed
towards the apex ; under side hoary with short tomentum : stipules subulate,
longer than the petiole: pedicels axillary, 1-flowered, about as long as the
leaves, jointed about the middle: carpels 7-10, birostrate.— Cav. diss. 1. t, 3.
f. 45 diss. 5. t. 131. f. 2; DC. prod. 1. p. 462 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 111; Roxb. in
E. I. C. muss. tab. 1488; Wall. L. n. 1870.—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 19 ; Rheed.
Mal. 10. t. 18. Malabar ; Rheede.

216. (7) S. Philippica (DC. :) shrubby: branches without tubercles under
the leaves: leaves obovate, rounded and toothed towards the apex, cuneate
and quite entire at the base, nearly glabrous: stipules subulate, longer than
the petiole: pedicels axillary, solitary, about as long as, or longer than, the
leaves, jointed above the middle : carpels 8-10, obtuse.— DC. prod. 1. p. 462 ;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 117 ; Wall. L. n. 1869; Wight! cat. n. 195 (partly).—S. Chi-
nensis, Retz. ; Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 97 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 342.—— —Nega-
patam. Coromandel.

217. (8) S. alnifolia (Linn.:) shrubby: branches without tubercles under
the leaves: lower leaves roundish-ovate; upper ones obovate or oblong,
toothed, slightly cuneate and quite entire at the base, nearly glabrous : pedi-
cels axillary, several together, shorter than the petiole (according to De Can-
dolle ; or, according to Roxburgh's figure, several placed on a very short axil-
lary almost leafless branch, the whole raceme much shorter than the leaves):
carpels 5-7, bicuspidate.—DC. prod. 1. p. 461; Spr. syst. 3. p. 111; Rowb. in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 343; Wall. Lan. 1913.— Dill. Elth. t. 172. f. 211; Pluk.
t. 132. f. 2? (bad).——Coromandel; Roxburgh ; Heyne.

A species we have not seen. Roxburgh says that * the anthers are very —

irritable to the touch, especially before the expansion of the corolla."

218. (9) S. alba (Linn.:) shrubby: branches with 1 or 2 prickly tubercles
below the leaves: leaves cordate-ovate, or obovate, or oblong, obtuse, bluntly
serrated, hoary beneath ; pedicels jointed near the flower, solitary, as long a
the petioles, or several on a short axillary nearly leafless young branch: car-
pels 5, birostrate.—«; leaves oblong, Wight ! cat. n. 196.—8. alba, DC. prod.

1. p. 460; Spr. syst. 3. p. 112.—8. spinosa, Linn. (as to the E. I. plants).— a

Pluk. t. 9. f. 3.—8 ; leaves cuneate-obovate.—S. retusa, Wight ! cat. n. 195. a.
—y; leaves cordate, roundish-ovate.— Wight! cat. n. 958.—S. glandulosa,
Roxb. in. E. I. C. mus. tab. 344.— Coromandel ; Roxburgh ; Rottler ; Wight.

219. (10) S. cordifolia (Linn. ! :) shrubby : leaves cordate, roundish or ovate;
obtuse or scarcely acute, bluntly serrated, velvety or tomentose: pedicels

jointed near the flower, axillary, solitary, from twice as short to twice as long `

as the petiole, occasionally arranged in very short axillary almost leafless
young branches: carpels 9-10, with two setaceous downward-pointing-hairy
beaks as long as the carpel itself—Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 348; DC. prod. —
l. p. 464; Spr. syst. 3. p.112; Wall.! L. n. 1849; Wight! cat. n.194.—9 .
herbacea, Cav. diss. 1. p. 19. t. 13. f. 15 DC. prod. 1. p. 464; Spr. syst. 9-

p. 112.—S. rotundifolia, Cav.! diss. 1. p. 20. t. 3. f. 6; diss. 6. t. 194. f 2; 4

SIDA. í MALVACEÆ. — 59

DC. prod. 1. p. 464; Spr. syst. 3. p. 113.—Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 54; Pluk. t. 131.
Jf. 2. and t. 356. f. 1 (bad).

A very variable species in the shape of the leaves, but easily recognised by
the long beaks to the carpels. Like most others of the genus, its duration is
perennial, although flowering the first year, and therefore sometimes errone-
ously described as annual. :

* 220. (11) S. radicans (Cav. :) suffrutescent, prostrate: leaves roundish
cordate, acute, hairy, serrated : pedicels axillary, solitary, 1-flowered, longer
than the petiole: carpels 5, not rostrate-—Cav. diss. 1. p. 8; DC. prod. 1.
p. 463 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 120.—Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 69. Malabar.

An extremely doubtful species, known yet only by Rheede's bad figure ;
the serratures of the leaves are represented each tipped with a hair, which
often happens in other species with hairy leaves. On the whole, it is closely
allied to the following.

221. (12) S. Mysorensis (Herb. Madr. :) herbaceous, covered all over with
glutinous hairs: leaves cordate-ovate, acuminated, coarsely toothed ; under
side more or less velvety or tomentose: pedicels jointed below the flower, :
axillary, scarcely so long as the petioles, accompanied by an axillary almost
leafless raceme, usually shorter than the leaves: carpels 5, bicuspidate, some-
what thickened and tuberculated at the margins, slightly carinate on the
back.— Wight ! cat. n. 183.—S. hirta, Wall.! L. n. 1855 (not Lam.)—8. glu-
tinosa, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 97; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 347 (not Cav.)—8.
olens, Ham. ! in Wall. L. n. 1874.—8. tenax, Ham. ! Coromandel; Rox-
burgh. Mysore; Heyne.

222. (13) S. urticefolia (W. & A.:) suffrutescent, erect, covered all over

with a short glutinous pubescence, mixed with other longer and more rigid
hairs: leaves on long petioles, cordate, roundish or ovate, acuminated, ser-
rated ; serratures rounded and again serrated: pedicels arranged in an axil-
lary almost leafless corymb, usually much shorter than the petiole, or rarely
about as long: calyx hairy: carpels 5, bicuspidate.— Wight ! cat. n. 182.—8.
nervosa, Wall. ! L. n. 1853. e. Trichinopoly.
_ We can scarcely believe that it is only a variety of S. Mysorensis, but that
is the only species with which it can be confounded. It is allied also to S.
urens and S. verticillata, both from the New World. S. nervosa, DC., and
Wallich’s L. n. 1853. a. and c. (only), is from St Domingo, although culti-
vated in the Calcutta garden.

. 223. (14) S. humilis (Willd. :) herbaceous, slender, diffuse: leaves round-
ish, cordate, acute or shortly acuminated, serrated, sprinkled with stellate
longish hairs: pedicels jointed above the middle, clothed with horizontal ri-
gid hairs, slender, axillary, solitary, and rather shorter than the leaves; or
arranged in longish lax axillary racemes, with small leaves shorter than the
pedicels : calyx hairy : carpels 5, not beaked, obtuse or sometimes slightly bi-
cuspidate.— DC. prod. 1. p. 463 (æ and 6) ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 120 ; Wall.! L. n.
1854 ; Wight ! cat. n. 186.—S. pilosa, Retz ; Raxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 345.

—S. unilocularis, L’ Her. st. p. 117. t. 56. (bis ).—8. multicaulis, Cav. diss. 1.

t. 1. f. 6; DC. prod. 1. p. 463; Spr. syst. 3. p. 120.—S. nervosa, Wall.! L.

n. 1853. b. (not DC.)—Pluk. t. 132. f. 3.— Common.

We have not seen any specimens eing with the var. y. of Willdenow
and De Candolle, or S veronicefolia, Lam. ; so that we suspect either some
mistake in the description, or that it is a species not found in India. We do
not, however, know Wallich's No. 1853. d, so that it may p be the
plant in question, although we rather suppose it is a state of the present spe-,
cies. Plukenet's figure represents pretty accurately the axillary leafy raceme
of S. humilis, As to S. multicaulis, Cavanilles and Lamarck only say that
it is tomentose, but De Candolle adds that “ the whole plant is hispid with
long hairs," so that it is not a distinct species.

60 BOMBACE. HELICTERES.

ORDER XXII. BOMBACEÆ. Kunth.

Calyx gamosepalous, campanulate or cylindrical, truncate or quinque-
partite, with a few minute bracteas on the outside. Petals hypogynous,
5, regular, or none : æstivation twisted. Stamens hypogynous, 5; 10,
15, or more: filaments cohering at the base into a tube, which is sol-
dered to the tube of the petals, divided above into 5 parcels, each of
which bears 1 or more anthers, intermixed sometimes with barren fila-
ments: anthers l-celled, linear. Ovarium of 5 (rarely 10) carpels,
either strictly cohering or partly distinct : styles as many as the carpels,
free, or more or less cohering. Placentz in the axis. Fruit various,
capsular, or indehiscent, usually with 5 valves and loculicide. Seeds
often inclosed in a woolly or pulpy covering ; sometimes with a fleshy
albumen and flat cotyledons ; sometimes exalbuminous with wrinkled
or convolute cotyledons.— Leaves alternate, with stipules. Pubescence
on the herbaceous parts stellate.

I. HELICTERES. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 735 ; Gertn. fr. t. 64.

Calyx tubular, somewhat 5-cleft. Petals 5, ligulate-unguiculate, slightly
toothed at the apex. Stamens 5-10-15, united into a long column that is
urceolate and multifid at the apex, the fertile ones mixed with some hair-like
sterile filaments. Ovarium on a long stalk. Styles 5, united at the base.
Carpels 5, 1-celled, many-seeded, dehiscing on the inside, sometimes straight,
usually twisted together spirally. Seeds without albumen: cotyledons spi-
rally convolute.—Shrubs and trees, usually clothed with stellate tomentum.
Leaves simple, unequally cordate. Peduncles axillary, few-flowered.

224. (1) H. Isora (Linn.:) leaves broad, slightly cordate, roundish-
obovate, suddenly and shortly acuminated, serrate-toothed ; upper side sca-
brous, under tomentose, or rarely almost glabrous: pedicels 2—4 together,
forming a short compact almost sessile axillary corymb : petals reflexed : sta-
mens 10 : fruit cylindrical, acuminated, spirally twisted, pubescent.—2 ; Um-
der side of leaves tomentose, Wight! cat. n. 224. a.—H. Isora, Linn. ; DC.
prod. 1. p. 475; Spr. syst. 3. p. 80; Roxb.! ; Wall.! L. n. 1179.—H. Rox-
burghii, G. Don in Mill. dict.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 30; Rumph. Amb. 7. t. 1T.
f. 15; Pluk. t. 245. f. 2.—8; under side of leaves nearly glabrous.— Wight!
cat. n. 224. b—H. Isora? Wail.! L. n. 1179. g.—H. macrophylla, Herb.
Wight. Common throughout the low hills of the Peninsula.

Dua 225. (2) H. longifolia (Wall. L. n. 2687.)—H. Carthagenensis, Herb.
adr.

II. ADANSONIA, Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 588; Gertn. fr. t. 135.

Calyx without bracteoles, deciduous, 5-partite. Petals 5, united almost
to the middle. Urceolus of stamens dilated and expanded upwards. Style
very long. Stigmas many, stellate. Capsule woody, indehiscent, 10-celled ;
cells many-seeded, filled with a farinaceous pulp enveloping the seeds.—A
spreading large tree. Trunk thick, spongy. Leaves digitate, with 3 leaflets
on the young plant, and 5-7 on the adult. . Flowers on long axillary solitary
pedicels, large, white, with purplish anthers. :

Bompax. BOMBACEX. 61

* 926. (1) A. digitata (Linn.)—DC. prod. 1. p. 478; Spr. syst. 3. p. 124 ;
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 969 ; Wall. L. n. 1838; Wight! cat. n. 227.
Naturalised at Samulcottah, Madras, Negapatam, and probably elsewhere
in the Peninsula. à

II. BOMBAX. Linn.

Calyx without bracteoles, campanulate, unequally 2-5 lobed, or truncate
and 5-toothed. Petals 5, united together and somewhat connected at the
base with the column of stamens. Stamens numerous, monadelphous at the
base, free towards the apex. Anthers inserted by the middle, reniform or ob-
long, opening above by a transverse cleft. Capsule large, woody, 5-celled,
5-valved. Cells many-seeded. Seeds with albumen, imbedded in silky cot-
ton.—Large trees with soft spongy wood. Leaves palmate. Flowers large,
scarlet or white, usually springing laterally from the trunk or branches either
singly or several together.

227. (1) B. Malabaricum (DC.:) trunk prickly: leaflets 5-7, quite entire,
acuminated at both ends: fruit oblong, obtuse-—DC. . 1. p. 479; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 124; Wall.! L. n. 1840 ; Wight ! cat. n. 225.—B. heptaphyllum,
Cav.; Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 50; Cor. 3. t. 247; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1483.—
B. ceiba, Burm. fl. Ind. (excl. many syn.)—Gossampinus rubra, Ham. in
Jen Soc. Trans. 15. p. 128.—Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 52,——Courtallum. Mala-

r.

IV. ERIODENDRON. DC.

Calyx without bracteoles, irregularly 5-lobed ; lobes usually in pairs. Pe-
tals 5, united at the base with each other, and with the column of stamens.
Filaments joined together into a short tube at the base, but divided upwards
into 5 filiform bundles, each bearing 2-3 linear or serpentinely bent (anfrac-
tuose) anthers, the latter combined and resembling a simple anther. Style
crowned by a 5-6-cleft stigma. Capsule and seeds as in Bombax.—Appear-
ance that of Bombax.

228. (1) E. anfractuosum (DC.:) trunk at the base prickly: leaflets 5-8,
quite entire or serrulated towards the point, lanceolate, mucronate, glaucous
beneath: anthers versatile, anfractuose—DC. prod. 1. p. 419; Wall. ! L. n.
1839; Wight! cat. n. 226.—Bombax pentandrum, Linn. ; Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 1484: Lam. ill. t. 587.—B. orientale, Spr. syst. 3. p. 124.— Ceiba
pentandra, Gertn. fr. t. 133.—Gossampinus alba, Ham. in Linn. Soc. Trans.
15. p. 126.— Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 49-51; Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 80.

ORDER XXIIL—BYTTNERIACE/E. R. Brown. —

Calyx naked, or with an involucel or bracteoles: sepals 5, more or
less united at the base: zstivation valvate. Petals hypogynous, 5 or
none, often saceate at the base and variously lengthened at the apex:
wstivation convolute. Stamens hypogynous, equal to the number of
the petals, or some multiple of them, more or less monadelphous, some
of them often sterile: anthers bilocular, extrorse. Ovarium of 5 (rare-
ly fewer) carpels, that are more or less united : styles as — M the
carpels; distinct or united : ovules ascending, 2-3 or many in each car-
pel. Capsule 3—5-celled, 3-5-valved. Seeds with a strophiolate apex,

-

`
62 "BYTTNERIACE X. STERCULIA.

often winged. Albumen oily, or fleshy, rarely wanting. Embryo
usually straight: radicle inferior : cotyledons foliaceous, flat and plaited,
or rolled round the plumula ; or, in the exalbuminous seeds, very thick.
—Trees or shrubs. Pubescence often stellate. Leaves alternate, sim-
ple, exstipulate.

TRIBE I. STERCULIER. Kunth.

Flowers by abortion frequently unisexual. Calyx without bracteoles, 5-lobed,
deciduous. Petals none. Stamens as many, or twice, thrice, or four times as many
as the lobes of the calyx, shortly monadelphous at the base. Ovarium often stalk-
ed, consisting of 5 distinct carpels. Albumen oily or none. Embryo erect: cotyle-
dons flat and foliaceous in the albuminose seeds, very thick and unequal in the ex-
albuminose: radicle ovate, short.—Leaves entire, lobed, or digitate ; petioles with
a swelling at both their base and apex.

I. STERCULIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 736.

Calyx 5-lobed, somewhat coriaceous. Stamens monadelphous, united into
a short urceolus which is either sessile or at.the extremity of a solid staminal
column: anthers 10, 15, or 20, in a single or double row, solitary or in threes.
Ovary stalked or sessile. Carpels follicular, 5, distinct, 1-celled, 1- or many-
seeded, dehiscing on the inside towards the top. Seeds with an oily albumen:
cotyledons flat, foliaceous, equal.—Trees with simple or compound leaves,
and axillary panicles or racemes of flowers.*

229. (1) S. Balanghas (Linn.:) leaves elliptic-oblong, bluntish, rounded at
the base, entire, nearly glabrous: flowers panicled: calyx campanulate ; seg-
ments long, linear, cohering at the apex: fruit stalked ; carpels ovate or obo-
vate, many-seeded.—DC. prod. 1. p. 482 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 82; Roxb. in E. I.
rs bape tab. 991; Wall! L.n. 1118; Wight! cat. n. 229.— Rheed. Mal. 1.

230. (2) S. guttata (Roxb.:) leaves between broadly-ovate and oblong,
obtuse or with a longish sudden acumination, entire, prominently nerved and
veined beneath ; upper side shining, under young leaves densely pubescent:
racemes somewhat fascicled, nearly simple: pedicels short: calyx deeply 5-
cleft, tomentose; segments lanceolate, distinct: ovarium stalked: carpels

_obovate.—Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 50; DC. prod. 1. p. 482 ; Spr. syst. 8. p.825
Wall.! L. n. 1127 ; Wight! cat. n. 230.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 61.

+* 231. (3) S. macrophylla (Ventn.:) leaves roundish-cordate, entire,
thick, under side tomentose: carpels ovate, quite glabrous within, 2-seeded.
—DC. prod. 1. p. 483; Spr. syst. 3. p. 82. Most probably from what were
formerly the French possessions in the Peninsula.

A species involved in great doubt, and perhaps a mere variety of the fol-
owing. ;

232. (4) S. populifolia (Roxb.:) leaves roundish-cordate, acuminated,
entire, membranaceous, glabrous: racemes axillary, peduncled, branched,
shorter than the leaves: calyx-segments linear, elongated, revolute, obtuse +
ovarium stalked ; ovules numerous in each cell: carpels ovate, ventricose,
terminated by a very obtuse cultriform (like a pruning-knife) wing, long-
stalked, glabrous, villous within.— Rozb. hort. Bengh. p. 50; Wall. pl. Asiat.
rar. 1. p. 3. t.3; L. n. 1128.—8. populifolia, 6. DC. prod. 1. p. 483.——
ee: Heyne. i $

allich has pointed out that De Candolle’s var. £, is a distinct ies, .
which he proposes to call S. Candollii. We have ses seen either. wih

s : i
p. 99 iaa species of Sterculta "ined es surprig that the figure i Sane anota a), ud the

name Cola, by which it is known to the Negroes, had not suggested inatas |
Beauv., like which it is a native of Africa: it appears to be S. macrocarpa, nee paeem T

naps pic i Ea ME ek ae al alice

HERNITIERA. BYTTNERIACEÆ. 63

233. (5) S. colorata (Roxb.:) leaves glabrous, palmately 5-lobed, lobes
acuminated : calyx cylindrical-clavate : carpels .oblong, membranaceous,
glabrous, long-stalked.— Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 25; DC. prod. 1. p. 483; Spr. syst.
3. p. 83; Wall.! L. n. 1119; Wight! cat. n. 228. Courtallum.

Calyx and carpels reddish orange-coloured. Je ie. ad, T. 443,

234. (6) S. urens (Roxb.:) leaves palmately 5-lobed, softly velvety be-
neath ; lobes acuminated, entire: calyx campanulate: carpels ovate, hispid
with dense patent rigid bristly hairs, pubescent within: seeds several in each
carpel.— Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 24 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 483; Spr. syst. 3. p. 83; Wall.!
L. n. 1120 ; Wight! cat. n. 233.———Courtallum.

235. (7) S. villosa (Roxb.:) leaves deeply and palmately 5—7-lobed ; under
side softly velvety; lobes acuminated, deeply toothed or lobed: calyx 5-
partite, patent: carpels coriaceous, rough with a stellate pubescence.—
Roxb.! hort. Bengh. p. 50; in |E. I. C. mus. tab. 1196 ; Sm. in Rees’ Cycl;
DC. prod. 1. p. 483 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 83; Wall. L. n. 1136.—— Coromandel.

236. (8) S. fetida (Linn. :) leaves compound, peltate ; leaflets 7—9-oblong,
lanceolate, acuminated ; young ones slightly pubescent, adult ones glabrous: ,
flowers panicled : calyx deeply divided, segments patent, lanceolate, nearly
glabrous on the outside, slightly velvety wit: in: anthers 15: carpels oblong,
many-seeded.— DC. prod. 1. p. 483 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 83; Wail.! L. n. 11375
Wight! cat. n. 231.—Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 107.

IJ. HERITIERA. Ait.

Calyx 5-toothed. Stamens in the male flowers 5-10, with the filaments
joined into a tube ; anthers sessile on the top of the tube: in the bisexual
flowers anthers 10, sessile, two between each carpel. Carpels 5, each with
1 style, containing few ovules; at length resembling coriaceous drupes, in-
dehiscent, carinate, 1-seeded by abortion. Albumen none. Embryo very
thick ; cotyledons fleshy, unequal: radicle ovate, acuminated, pointing away
from the suture of the carpel ; plumule 2-leaved.—Trees with simple alternate
entire leaves, the under side of which are covered with minute silvery scales.
Flowers panicled, small, red.

237. (1) H. littoralis (Ait.:) leaves oval, acute or bluntish, rounded at the

; simply veined: panicles axillary: carpels marked upwards by a longi-

tudinal nerve.— DC. prod. 1. p. 484; Spr. syst. 3. p. 70.—H. fomes, Wall. L.
^. 1139. f.—Balanopteris Tothila, Gertn. fr. t. 99.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 21.

Of this we have not seen specimens. We exclude from the synonyms that
of Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 63, upon which Dr F. Buchanan Hamilton makes the
following remark : * The drawing and description of the fruit no doubt re-
present the H. minor of the Encycl. Meth., of which I published in Symes
Journ. to Ava an account under the name of H. Fomes, and which is the
Balanopteris minor of Gsertner ; the description of the flower evidently refers
to a Niota, which in both Ava and Bengal is confounded with the Hi
under the same name, and which I call W. polyandra." Thus, then, H.
Fomes, Ham. and Willd., and H. minor, Lam. and Roxb. (or the Sterculia
argentea, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1197), are identical, and probably all
Wall. L. n. 1139 excepting f. As to the Niota polyandra, it has lanceolate
attenuated leaves, and is H. attenuata, Wall. L. n. 1140. _ l

TRIBE IIL.—KLEINHOVIEJ. Arn.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx 5-partite, without an involucel. Petals 5, concave,
cucullate at the apex. Siaina united into a long tube, urceolate oo orae
phous at its apex; without any intermediate sterile ones. Ovarium on : rre donem
*-celled; cells 4.ovuled. S exalbuminose : cotyledons spirally convolute aroun
the prumule.—Tree. Leaves cordate, broad, acuminated, entire. Flowers racemose,
purplis à ; i; :

64 ks J BYTTNERIACER. | GUAZUMA.

+

IL KLEINHOVIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. f.784; Gertn. fr. t. 187.

Petals 5, the one, at the opposite side from the curvature of the stamens,
much broader than the others. Column of stamens declinate, pentadelphous
at the apex, each bundle opposite to a petal and bearing on the outside three
anthers. Style one. Stigma slightly crenated. Capsule inflated, turbinate, .
5-angled, 5-celled, 5-seeded. The other characters as in the tribe.

238. (1) K. Hospita (Linn.:)—2D C. Prod. 1. p. 488; Spr. syst. 3. p. 835
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1435 ; Wall.! L. n. 1152; Wight! cat. n. 232.—
Rumph. Amb. 3..t. 113.

TRIBE IIIL.—BYTTNERIE/E. DC.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx 5-partite or 5-sepaled, without an involucel. Petals
frequently concave and vaulted at the base, expanded at the apex into a stra)
shaped appendage, Stamens 10-30, or more ; the five that are opposite to the sep: 4
sterile and strap-shaped ; the others, opposite to the petals, either solitary or penta-
delphous, the bundles rarely bearing only 1 anther. Ovarium sessile, 5-celled ; ce
usually 2-ovuled. Seeds sometimes exalbuminose with thick cotyledons; sometimes
albuminose with foliaceous, plane, or convolute cotyledons.—Trees, shrubs, or very,

‘rarely herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, entire, or sometimes cut. Stipi
twin. Peduncles axillary, opposite to the leaves, and terminal, l- or many-flowered.

IV. THEOBROMA. Juss.

Calyx 5-sepaled. Petals 5, vaulted at the base, ligulate and strap-shaped
above. Stamens 15, connected into an urceolus at the base ; sterile filaments
: 5, alternate with the petals, linear-subulate, elongated ; fertile ones short,
united into 5 filaments, each opposite to a petal and bearing two anthers.
Style 5-cleft at the apex: stigmas simple. Fruit indehiscent, between coria-
ceous and woody, ovate-oblong, 5-celled. Seeds imbedded in a buttery
pulp. Albumen none. Cotyledons thick, wrinkled, full of oil—Small trees.
Leaves large, entire. Peduncles axillary, lateral after the fall of the leaves;
sometimes simple 1-flowered and fascicled, sometimes branched and many-
flowered. i:

š * 239. (1) T. Cacao (Linn. :) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated, quite en-
tire, glabrous; the midrib pubescent on the upper side: fruit oblong, obtuso —
with 10 elevated wrinkled ribs.—DC. prod. 1. p. 484; Spr. syst. 3. p- 3345
ME Tm n. 238.— Cacao sativa, Lam. ill. t. 6385.—C. minus, Gert. fr.

V. GUAZUMA. Plum.; Juss.; Lam. ill. t. 637.

Calyx 5-sepaled, deciduous, the sepals sometimes united two or three t0-
gether. Petals 5, concave below, linear-ligulate and deeply bifid at the apex. —
Stamens very slightly connected at the base: sterile ones 5, lanceolate: —
fertile ones united into five trifid filaments, each opposite to a petal, a
bearing three anthers. Styles 5, connivent. Stigmas simple. Fruit indehis-
cent, woody, externally muricated with club-shaped variously-connect Pom
tubercles, 5-celled, polyspermous. Seeds ovate-roundish. Albumen very -
thin, fleshy. Cotyledons plaited.— Trees with stellate pubescence. Leaves
entire. Peduncles axillary and terminal, somewhat dichotomously branched, —
many-flowered. ; oe E

240. (1) G. tomentosa (H. B. K.:) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, C0-
date and unequal at the base, toothed ; upper side stellately-puberulous, W=

1

ByTTNERIA. BYTTNERIACEJE. CC

der with a stellate white tomentum.— DC. prod. 1. p. 485 ; Wight! cat. n. 235.
—G. ulmifolia, Wall.! L. n. 1141.—Bubroma tomentosum, Spr. syst. 3. p.332.

VI. ABROMA. Linn.. Lam. ill. t. 636, 637 ; G«ertn. fr. t. 64.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, saccate at the base, with a large oblong deci-
. duóus unguiculate appendage. Stamens connected into an urceolus at the
base ; 5 sterile, petaloid, curved outwards; fertile ones united into 5 trifid
filaments, each bearing 3 anthers. Styles 5. Capsule ovoid, 5-celled, with
5 prominent angles; each cell dehiscing above, many-seeded. Seeds with
an arillus. Albumen fleshy, transversely flexuose.—$mall trees, with stellate
pubescence. Leaves cordate, angled or lobed.

* 241. (1) A. augusta (Linn.:) branches velvety, not muricated; adult
leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated, serrulated, under side tomentose or more
or less scabrous with stellate pubescence; lower leaves roundish-cordate, —
3-5-angled ; wings of the fruit truncated at the apex, with the exterior angle
somewhat acute.— DC. prod. 1. p. 485; Spr. syst. 3. p. 333; Roxb. in E. I.
C. mus, tab. 415 ; Wall. L. n. 1142.—A. angulata, Lam. ill. t. 636, 637.—4.

eeleri, Koen. Interior of the Peninsula: Roxburgh.

VII. BYTTNERIA. Lef.; Linn.

Calyx 5-sepaled, deciduous. Petals 5, at the base concave connivent,
produced upwards into a kind of strap-like appendage. Stamens united into a
5-cleft urceolus: anthers 5, solitary, nearly sessile between the sterile stamens
(lobes of the urceolus), opposite to the petals. Ovarium 5-celled: ovules 2
in each cell. Style 1. Stigma obsoletely 5-lobed. Capsule 5-coccous, mu-
ricate and slightly echinate: cocci 1-seeded, dehiscing by the inner angle.—
Shrubs or rarely herbaceous plants, usually priekly. Leaves entire. Peduncles
1-flowered, axillary, two or more together; or the flowers in pedunculate
umbels, axillary or opposite to the leaves.

The gen ingi istinct: in it the sterile stamens are
scarcely a all iter gari de wether esie j petaloid, instead of being reduced
to mere lobes of an urceolus : the fertile ones are elongated. ` Asclepias armata (Spr.

| Syst. 1. p. 849) is Bytineria carthagenensis, Jacq.

242. (1) B. herbacea (Roxb.:) stem herbaceous, without prickles; leaves
not glandular, toothed, ovate, acuminated, cordate, rounded or cuneate at
the base : sepals linear-lanceolate, reflexed: ligulate production of the petals
subulate, erect, about as long as the calyx: free part of the antheriferous fila-

ments very short, recurved: lobes of the urceolus (sterile stamens) ovate.—
Roxb. Cor. 1. t.29; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 619; Roxb. et Wall. fl. Ind. 2. p. 382;
DC. prod. 1. p. 486 (charac. bad); Spr. syst. 1. p. 90; Wall. L. n. 1146 ; Wight !
eat. n. 237.—Commersonia herbacea, G. Don.—Circars ; Roxburgh. Vel-
lore ; Wight.

TRIBE IV.—HERMANNIE;K. Kunth.
Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-lobed, persistent, either naked or with an involucel.

Petals 5, spirally twisted in estivation. Stamens 5, monadelphous, all fertile, oppo-
site to the Pu. Carpels united into a single fruit. Albumen between fleshy and
Shruls "pim included : radiele inferior, ovate: cotyledons flat, leafy, s
dore or herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, simple, or variously cut. Stipules
2, adherin to the petioles. Peduncles axillary, or opposite to the leaves, or ter-
minal, with 1, 3, or many flowers, which are usually in umbels.

VIII. RIEDLEIA. Fentn.
Calyx 5-cleft, sometimes with 3 bracteoles. Petals 5, equal, attached by

their claws to the staminal tube. Stamens 5, united at the base and some-
E

66 : BYTTNERIACE X. BxYTTNERIA.

times to the apex. Ovarium 5-celled, with 2 superposed ovules in each cell.
Styles 5, distinct, or united at the base. Stigmas club-shaped. Capsule
nearly globose, 5-coccous ; cocci 1-2-seeded. Seeds oblong, not winged.
Embryo straight.—Herbaceous or shrubby plants with stellate pubescence.
Leaves alternate, entire or slightly lobed, serrated. Flowers terminal and
opposite to the leaves, capitate, umbellate, verticillate, spiked, racemose, or
panicled, white or yellow. Bracteoles at the base of the pedicels.

243. (1) R. truncata (DC.:) shrubby: leaves cuneiform, truncated and
toothed at the apex ; upper side glabrous, under hoary with stellate pubes-
cence : flowers solitary, or two or three together, at the extremity of the
branches: fruit flattened at the top—DC. prod. 1. p. 491 ; Wight! cat. n. 248.
—Melochia truncata, Willd. sp. 3. p. 601; Spr. syst. 3. p. 29.—Sida retusa,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab, 341.—8. cuneifolia, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 50.——
Coromandel, common. BÉ

Specimens of this were sent to Dr Wallich, but we do not observe it in his
List.

244. (2) R. supina (DC.:) stems herbaceous, prostrate: leaves broadly ovate,
obtuse or slightly cordate at the base, serrated, glabrous with the midrib
sometimes pubescent : flowers few together, sessile, terminal and capitate, In
the axils of the two or three uppermost leaves: fruit globose.—DC. prod. 1.
p. 491 ; Wight! cat. n. 246.—Melochia supina, Linn.—Visenia supina, Spr.
syst. 3. p. 31.— Pluk. t. 132. f. 4 (good). Coromandel. :

In conformity with other writers, we have retained this and the two following
as distinct: the materials at present before us are not very good, but they
lead to a suspicion, which we trust ere long to be able to decide upon, that
all the three are mere variations of one and the same species.

245. (3) R. corchorifolia (DC.:) stems herbaceous, erect: leaves ovate,
sometimes slightly lobed, rounded or cordate at the base, serrated, glabrous,
or pubescent on the midrib: flowers terminal or nearly so, in very short dense
spikes arranged in a sessile capitulus: fruit globose—DC. prod. 1. p.491; -
Wight! cat. n. 245 (partly).—Melochia corchorifolia, Linn. ; Wall. L. n.
1196 (partly).—Visenia corchorifolia, Spr. syst. 3. p. 30.—Mougeotia corcho-
rifolia, Kunth.—Pluk. t. 44. f. 5 (good); Dill. Elth. t. 176. f. 217 ; Rheed.
Mal. 9. t. 73 (bad).——Coromandel and Malabar, common.

246. (4) R. concatenata (DC. :) stems herbaceous, erect: leaves ovate-lan-
ceolate, sometimes slightly lobed, obtuse or cordate at the base, serrated,
glabrous, or pubescent on the midrib: flowers arranged in spikes, usually be-
coming elongated in fruit, and placed several together at the extremity OT —
nearly so of the branches: fruit globose.— DC. prod. 1. p. 492 ; Wight! eat. ^ —
n. 245 (partly), and 247 ?—R. radiata, Blume.—Melochia concatenata, Lint;
Wall. L. n. 1197.—M. corchorifolia, Wall.! L. n. 1196. i.—Visenia concate-
nata, Spr. syst. 3. p. 31.—Pluk. t. 9. f. 5 (good). Coromandel.

By an erroneous synonym in Plukenet, this has been said to be also a na-
tive of the West Indies. Dr Wight's, No. 247, has the spikes scarcely enough
elongated, and is quite intermediate between this and the last species.

IX. WALTHERIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 570. ae
Calyx 5-cleft, persistent, with a 3-leaved lateral deciduous involucel.
Petals 5, equal, attached by their claws to the staminal column. Filament’
united into a nearly entire, or 5-cleft tube. Ovarium oblique, 1-celled (by
the obliteration of four cells): ovules 2, superposed. Style single, slightly —.
lateral. Stigma penicillate. Capsule consisting of 1 coccus, nearly globos® —
membranaceous, l-seeded, 2-valved. Embryo in the axis of a fleshy albu- —
men.—Herbaceous plants, shrubs, or little trees, with stellate pubescence.

PENTAPETES. BYTTNERIACEJE. ; 67

Leaves entire, serrated. Flowers yellow, axillary and terminal, capitately
or spicately conglomerated, with many interposed bracteoles.

247. (1) W. Indica (Linn.:) leaves ovate, oblong, or lanceolate-oblong,
rounded or slightly cordate at the base, plicate, serrated, more or less tomen-_
tose on both sides: heads of flowers terminal or axillary, sessile or peduncu-
lated, sometimes elongated into an interrupted almost leafless axillary spike.
—DC. prod. 1. p. 493 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 31; Wall.! L. n. 1194; Wight! cat. n.
243.—W. americana, Linn.; DC. prod.1. p.492; Spr. l. c.—W. elliptica,

Cav. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 493; Spr. 1. c.; Wall. L. n. 1195.—W. microphylla,

Cav. ; DC. l. c. ; Spr. l. e—Pluk. t. 150. f. 5. and 6 ; Burm. Zeyl. t. 68.

À very common and variable plant; so that, in addition to the above sy-
nonyms, we feel certain that W. angustifolia, Linn. and H. B. K., W. corcho-
rifolia, Pers., W. ferruginea, St Hil., W. lanata, St Hil., W.erioclada, DC., W.
ovata, Cav., and W. gracilis, St Hil., are mere forms of the same species,
arising from local circumstances. When the plant is broken or injured by
cattle, it sometimes pushes out numerous small leaved branches, constituting
then W. microphylla, Cay. Some specimens are procumbent, others erect ;
some arborescent, others suffruticose. In some the leaves are orbicular, in
others ovate, and they are usually tomentose, but sometimes nearly glabrous j
whence it is not improbable that W. glabra, Poir., W. glabriuscula, St. Hil.,
and some others must be yet added to swell the already formidable list of
synonyms we have adduced. The character above given of the inflorescence
exhibits the appearance; the following will more clearly shew its real struc-
ture :—F lowers several together, axillary, nearly sessile, usually arranged in
axillary almost leafless branchlets that are generally very short (capituli sub-
di) vel pedunculati ), but sometimes elongated (flores conglomerato-spi-
cati ).

TRIBE V.—DOMBEYACE;F. Kunth.

Calyx usually with an involucel, 5-partite or rarely 5-lobed. Petals 5, flat, rather

e, unequal-sided, convolute in estivation. Stamens some multiple of the num-
ber of petals, in a single row, monadelphous, sometimes all fertile, but usually 5 of
them sterile and filiform or strap-shaped. Styles 2, 3, 5, or 10, distinct, or united
together. Ovules 2, placed side-by-side, or several in two rows in each cell of the
9varium. Embryo straight, usually in the axis of a fleshy albumen. Cotyledons
leaty, often bifid, crumpled or flat.

X. PENTAPETES. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 576. f. 1.

Calyx deciduous 5-partite, surrounded by a 3-leaved unilateral involucel.
Petals 5, deciduous. Stamens 20 ; 5 sterile, strap-shaped ; 15 fertile, placed

. by threes between each of the sterile ones. Style incrassated upwards, 5-

furrowed, with 5 points or stigmas. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved, many-
Seeded. Seeds not winged.———Annual plants with axillary few-flowered
peduncles, ;

248. (1) P. phenicea (Linn.)—2DC. . 1. p. 498; Spr. syst. 3. p. 79;
Wall! L. n. 1157 ; ND: nen Ly. angustifolia, B/um.—Dombeya
Pheenicea, Cav. diss. 3. t. 43. f. 1.—Pluk. t. 255. f. 3; t. 126. f.4; Rumph.

- 5. t. 100. f. 1; Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 1. =
Leaves linear-lanceolate, hastate, or rounded and slightly cordate at the
» serrated. Flowers 1-2, axillary, drooping, red.— We exclude from the
Benus Brotera ovata, Cav., a plant much more nearly allied to Melhania.

*
XI. DOMBEYA. Cav. ; Gaertn. fr. t. 137.

Calyx 5-partite, persistent, reflexed, furnished with a 3-leaved lateral ca-
ducous involucel. Petals 5, persistent. Stamens 15-20; filaments only
slightly united at the base ; 5 sterile ; 2-3 fertile between each of the sterile:

E 2

eS sl a ETE IS

; fn Y f p p " ahi
Piv JC. ~~ Ch ow fra. AS, AP Er WERE rr y akk

f

68 i s BYTTNERIACE E. . MzrinaMIA.

ones. Style 1, 5-cleft, segments reflexed. Carpels 5, 2-valved, 1-2 seeded,
closely combined into a capsule. Seeds oblong, not winged. Cotyledons
crumpled, bifid.

* 249. (1) D. palmata (Cav.:) leaves palmately 5-7-nerved, 5-7-cleft ;

. lobes lanceolate, serrated ; corymb bifid: leaves of the involucel broadly .

ovate, concave: fertile stamens 15: style shortly 5-cleft: seeds solitary in
each carpel.— Car. diss. 3. t. 38. f. 1; DC. prod. 1. p. 498 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 19;
Wall. L. n. 1159 ; Wight! cat. n. 238. bis ——Sent to Dr Wight by his col-
lectors, and not marked as a cultivated plant. We consider it, however, to
be a doubtful native of the Peninsula.

XII. MELHANIA. | Forsk.

Calyx 5-partite, persistent, furnished with a 3-leaved lateral involucel.
Petals 5. Stamens united into an urceolus around the ovarium ; 5 sterile,
alternating with 5 filaments each bearing 1-2 anthers. Style 1, 5-cleft at the
apex. Capsule 5-celled, 5-valved. Seeds several in each cell, angled, not
winged.

250. (1) M. ineana (Heyne:) suffruticose: leaves between elliptical and
oblong-linear, obtuse, scarcely cordate at the base, slightly serrated, under
side shining with.a short dense hoary pubescence: peduncles 1-2 flowered,
about as long as the petiole: involucel-leaves linear, somewhat persistent:
calycine segments lanceolate, acuminated: petals obovate, longer than the
calyx: fertile filaments bearing 1 anther: capsule hairy: seeds 2—4 in each
cell, tuberculated.—Heyne! in Wall. L. n. 1200; Wight! cat. n. 244.—

Mysore ; Heyne, 15. Oct. 1801. Nabab-Sawadi near Palamcottah ; Klein,
Nov. 16. 1795. :

This has so much the appearance of Brotera ovata, Cav. ic. 5. t. 433, that — a

we can ag see any character to separate them except the distinct a
in the latter. It seems.also exceedingly closely allied to M. Burchellii, DC-

XIII. PTEROSPERMUM. Schreb; Lam. ill. t. 576.

Calyx leathery, 5-partite, somewhat tubular at the base; segments linear,
tomentose outside, hairy within. Petals 5, oblique, shorter than the calyx-
Stamina 20 (of which 5 are sterile), united at the base into a column with the
stalk of the ovarium. Style slender, club-shaped. Capsule woody, 5-celled,
5-valved. Seeds produced into a broad membranaceous wing. Albumen in
small quantity or entirely wanting. Cotyledons crumpled. Radicle cylin-
drical. EUR

251. (1) P. rubiginosum (Heyne:) leaves very obli vate, unequall
ene dite midrb and A. end on one! side) d bd bust; simili e

quite entire ; under side covered with a dense soft rusty-coloured tomentum: — —

peduncles rather longer than the petioles.— Heyne in Wall.! L. n. 11685
G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 538. ;

The specimen before us is very imperfect. We do not know the locality.

252. (2) P. suberifolium (Lam.:) leaves cuneate-oblong, shortly acumina-
ted, coarsely toothed or somewhat lobed towards the apex, oblique and 4-
nerved at the base ; under side clothed with a short thick pubescence ; veins
scarcely prominent beneath: peduncles about 3-flowered, slightly longer than
the petioles: involucel-leaves about 3, linear, entire, a little distant frem the
flower, very caducous : petals linear-oblong, patent: sterile filaments filiform *
ovarium with four ovules in each cell: capsule obovoid, acutish, outside en-
crusted with a dense furfuraceous pubescence: seeds usually 2 in each ce?
—Lam. ill. t. 576. f. 1; Wall.! L. n. 1166; Wight! in Hook. bot. misc. 9-
suppl. t. 26 ; cat. n. 289.—P. canescens, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 50 ; in E. I. C.

"

PTEROSPERMUM. BYTTNERIACEÆ. 69

mus. tab. 1989.—Pentapetes suberifolia, Linn. ; Cav. diss. 3. t. 43. FK. 2.—
Amm. in. act. Petrop. 8. t. 14. Southern districts of the Peninsula.
Flowers small, about an inch and a quarter across.

253. (3) P. reticulatum (W. & A.:) leaves cuneate-oblong, 4-nerved, ob-
lique and slightly cordate at the base, acuminated, entire or coarsely toothed
towards the apex ; under side covered with white mealy pubescence, reticu-
lated with prominent veins: peduncles about 3-flowered, erowded towards
the extremity of the branches, ag ad than the petioles: involucel-leaves pal-
matifid, a little distant from the owers, caducous: petals obovate-oblong,
patent: sterile filaments filiform: ovarium with about 6 ovules in each cell.

f

—Wight! cat. n. 241. Sopher. te MESIE
d Flowers much larger than those of the last, but not nearly so much so as in
e next.

254. (4) P. Heyneanum (Wall.:) leaves cuneate-oblong, acuminated,
slightly cordate and 4—5-nerved at the base, and sometimes a little oblique,
coarsely toothed or lobed towards the apex; under side clothed with a
roughish tomentum ; veins slightly prominent: petioles short, attached a little `
within the margin : peduncles axillary, very short : involucel-leaves and brac-
teoles imbricated round the base of the flower-bud, palmatifid and laciniated,
deciduous: petals obovate, patent : sterile filaments linear: capsule oblong,
acute; outside encrusted with a furfuraceous pubescence: seeds 8 in eack
cell— Wall. ! L. n. 1169 ; Wight ! cat. n. 240.—P. suberifolium, Willd. sp. 3.
P. 728 ; Sim's bot. mag. tab. 1526 ; Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 50; in E. IT. C. mus.
tab. 97 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 500 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 80.—Velago xylocarpa, Gertn.
Jr. t. 133.— —Gingie hills, and elsewhere in the southern provinces. ^
_ Flowers large, nearly as much so as in P. acerifolium ; sepals about 2.
inches long.

255. (5) P. glabrescens (W. & A.:) leaves cuneate-obovate, shortly acu-
minated, entire, cordate, equal and 5-nerved at the base; under side very
shortly pubescent ; veins conspicuous ; petioles short, marginal ; stipules pal-
mate, persistent ; peduncles axillary, about the length of the petiole: capsule
oblong, 5-angled, suddenly acuminated, glabrous; cells 10-12 seeded.—
Wight! cat.n. 242.—P. Heyneanum, Wail.! L. n. 1169. g.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 58.

€ have only seen very imperfect specimens. It is most allied to P. ace-
rifolium, but has much shorter petioles, and fewer nerves at the base of the
leaf. The flowers in Rheede’s plate are larger than in the next species.

* 956, (6) P. acerifolium (Willd.:) leaves roundish, entire or coarsely tooth-
ed, cordate at the base, usually more or less peltate and 10-12-nerved at the
Insertion of the petiole ; under side clothed with roughish tomentum ; veins
Conspicuous ; petioles elongated: pedicels axillary, much shorter than the
petiole: involucel-leaves at a little distance from the flower, very caducous:
Petals linear-revolute: sterile filaments club-shaped: ovarium oblong, 5-
angled, with 12-14 ovules in each cell: capsule oblong, 5-angled ; outside
encrusted with a furfuraceous pubescence.— DC. prod. 1. p. 500; Spr. syst.
3. p. 80; Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 50; in E.I. C. mus. tab. 9605 Wall.! L.n.
1170.— Pentapetes acerifolia, Cav. diss. 3. t. 44.—Amm. aet. Petr. 8. t. 16-17.

We insert this as Wallich obtained it from the Madras herbarium, but we
Suspect it not to be a native of the Peninsula. Mr Arnott has specimens

Canton, China, and from Silhet. We have not seen the mature fruit :
the ovarium is 5-angled, and both Ammana nd Cavanilles represent the fruit
to be so likewise, According to these botanists, it.js obtuse or at most.
acute, without the remarkable acumination of the lastispeeies ; it appears also
to be at least twice as large. TNCS z

Soie : XIV. KYDIA. Roz:
| Calyx campanulate, 5-lobed, persistent, surrounded by, and united at the

i a

70 : BYTTNERIACEA. Kypia.

base with a 4-6 leaved involucel. Petals 5, obliquely obcordate, longer
than the calyx, attached by their claws to the base of the staminal column.
Stamens monadelphous, the tube split about the middle into 5 segments,
each bearing 4 anthers closely placed together at the apex: sterile filaments
none. Ovarium single, 3-celled: ovules 2, collateral, erect at the base of
each cell. Style 1, 3-cleft. Stigma dilated, peltate, fleshy. Capsule 3-
valved, 3-celled, 1-2 cells being occasionally abortive ; perfect cells 1-seeded.
Seed erect.— Trees with alternate 5-nerved, somewhat 5-lobed, leaves. Flow-
ers white, panicled.

257. (1) K. calycina (Roxb.:) involucel 4-6-leaved, at first shorter, at
length much longer than the calyx.—Roab. Cor. 3. p. 11.1. 215 ; DC. prod. 1.
p. 500; Spr. syst. 3. p. 85; Wall.! L. n. 1176 ; Wight! cat. n. 236.—— Coro-
mandel, Neelgherries. is RES

Roxburgh represents the anthers sessile in five groups at the top of the co-
lumn, but this is surely a mistake, for in our specimens, both with the short
and long involucel, the staminal tube is split down to the middle, into 5 seg-
ments as in our generic character. K. pulverulenta, Ham.! in Wall. L. n. 1176.
k. is precisely the same with the state of our plant with short involucels.

+258. (2) K. fraterna (Roxb.:) involucel 6-leaved, shorter than the calyx.
—Roxb. Cor. 3. t. 216; DC. prod. 1. p. 501; Spr. syst. 3. p. 85.—— Circars ;
‘Roxburgh.

With this we are unacquainted except by Roxburgh’s figure, but we can-

not see how it differs from the young state of K. calycina. It is not in
Wallich's List.

TRIBE VI.—ERIOCHLENER. Arn.

Calyx 4-5-partite or lobed, with a 3-5-leaved involucel. Petals 4-5, flat. Sta
mens numerous in a multiple series, the outer ones shorter, all united into one co-
nical column as in Malvacee: sterile filaments none, anthers 2-celled, erect.

* XV. ERIOCHLZENA. DC.

Involucel at first close to the flower, 3-5-leaved ; leaves pectinate, oF
much cut and jagged, shorter than the calyx. Calyx 5-partite: segments
linear-acuminated, with two glands on the inside at the base. Petals 5,
shorter than the calyx: claws coriaceous, tomentose. Stamens numerous,
all fertile, in many rows, monadelphous; outer ones gradually shorter-
Ovarium ovate, 10-celled: ovules numerous, in a double row in each cell.
Style 1: stigma 10-lobed, stellate. Capsule woody, 10-celled, 10-valved.
Sceds numerous in each cell, terminated by a tapering wing.— Trees. Leaves
petioled, cordate-ovate, serrated ; under side pubescent or tomentose. Pe-
duncles axillary, bearing three or more flowers towards the extremity.

259. (1) E. Hookeriana (W. & A.:) leaves roundish-cordate, very shortly
acuminated, toothed, on longish petioles; upper side nearly quite glabrous,
under starry-pubescent: peduncles 3-flowered, scarcely longer than the pe-
tioles, covered with scattered stellate pubescence, at length nearly glabrous:
involucel-leaves more than a half shorter than the calyx, pubescent, much
eut and jagged; style densely pubescent: capsule ovate—Wight! cat. n.
956.——Columala.

XVI. MICROCHLZENA. Wail.

Involucel at length at a distance from the flower; leaves small lanceolate

and entire, or minute ovate lobed and caducous, Calyx 4-5-partite ; seg-

MsenoonrkNA. BYTTNERIACEX. 71

ments oblong-linear, with two glands on the inside at the base. Petals 4-5,
about the length of the calyx: claws coriaceous, tomentose. Stamens about
20, all fertile, united into a conical tube ; outer ones shorter. Ovarium ovate,
5, 8, or 10-celled: ovules numerous, in a double row, in each cell. Style 1:
stigma 5-10-lobed, stellate. Capsule woody, 5-10-celled, 5-10-valved.
Seeds winged.— Trees. Leaves on long petioles, broadly ovate, cordate, pu-
bescent or tomentose beneath, serrated. Peduncles axillary, panicled, longer
than the leaves.

This is the same genus with Wallichia, DC. (not Roxburgh), but we entertain
very great doubts as to its being distinct from Eriochlena: indeed our M. quinque-
locularis has the involucel, although very minute, more allied in shape to that of
Eriochlena. De Candolle states that the cells of the capsule in Microchlena (his
simpen: are l-seeded ; we have not seen the fruit, but can scarcely think that so
many ovules become abortive. He also attributes to it the quaternary arrangement
of parts of the flower: in our specimen of the same species he describes, we find, the -
quinary: whence it is probable that the quaternary was an accidental suppression
of a fifth part of the normal number.

260. (1) M. quinquelocularis (W. & A.:) involucel leaves minute, cadu-
cous, 3-5-lobed: ovarium 5-celled: stigma 5-lobed.— Wight! cat. n. 253.

ORDER XXIV.—HUGONIACEJE. rn.

Calyx without an involucel, persistent, 5-sepaled: sepals distinct,
acute, unequal; the two exterior lanceolate, densely pubescent on the
back ; another dimidiate-ovate, the straight side pubescent, the rounded
side testaceous and shining; the two inner ones roundish ovate and
suddenly pointed, testaceous and shining except the short pubescent
point: zestivation imbricated, quincuncial. Petals hypogynous, 5,
alternate with the sepals, shortly unguiculate: æstivation twisted.
Stamens hypogynous, 10, all fertile : filaments united at the base into
an urceolus, free and filiform above: anthers cordate-ovate, erect, 2-
celled, opening by two longitudinal clefts. Torus slightly elevated,
supporting the staminal urceolus and the ovary. Ovarium roundish,
coriaceous, glabrous, 5-celled: ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous, colla-
teral Styles 5, distinct: stigmas slightly dilated and lobed. Fruit
(a nuculanivm) with a fleshy epicarp, enclosing 5 distinct, bony, 1-
seeded carpels. Seeds pendulous. Embryo in the axis of fleshy albu-
men: cotyledons flat, foliaceous : radicle short, superior, pointing to
the hilum.—Shrubs. Leaves alternate, or sometimes crowded and op-
posite near the flowers. Stipules 2, subulate. Peduncles axillary 1-
flowered, often by abortion transformed into circinnate spines.

The only genus referable here has been placed b De Candolle with doubt in
Chlenacez, which we cannot agree; that jeder having the calyx and espe
in a ternary, while the corolla and andrecium follow the quinary dungen p:
Kunth hesitatingly places it in Buttneriaceæ and the tribe Dombeyaceæ, rs a he
ìs no doubt that the affinity is very great; it is now separated n
tübricate (not valvate) calyx, the ovules pendulous (not
b € radicle superior (not Inlerlor), rather than invalidate the the habit) of
G, its insertion. In many points it agrees with the character (but ga Arry

xalideæ, forming another link between the group of Malvaceous orders, an
Geraniacer. ARN.

I. HUGONIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 872; Gaertn. fr. t. 58.

Character as in the order.

261. (1) H. mystax (Linn.:) leaves oval, glabrous, quite entire ;, spines
opposite.—DC. prod. 1. p. 522 ; Spr. syst.3. p. 69; Wall.! L. n. 1201; Wight!
eat. n. 294, 295.— Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 29. Malabar and Coromandel.

262. (2) H. ferruginea (W. & A.:) leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, á
quite entire, upper side at length glabrous, under densely covered with a —

shining yellowish rusty-coloured tomentum; spines opposite.— Wight! cat.
n. 296,

ORDER XXV.—TILIACE/E. Juss.

Sepals 4—5: æstivation (valvular rarely imbricative?). Petals hypo-
gynous, 4—5, rarely wanting. Stamens hypogynous, distinct, usually
indefinite : anthers bilocular, dehiscing longitudinally. Torus with 4-5
glands at the base of the petals. Ovary solitary, of 4-10 carpels:
style 1: stigma with as many lobes as carpels. Fruit dry, multilocular,
with several seeds in each cell; or by abortion unilocular and 1-seeded.
Embryo straight or curved at the radicle, in the axis of the fleshy albu-
men: cotyledons flat, foliaceous : radicle next the hilum.— Leaves alter-
nate, with stipules. Petals usually entire, sometimes emarginate or
slightly bifid.

- IL CORCHORUS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 478; Gaertn. fr. t. 64 and 179.

Calyx deeply 4-5-partite, deciduous ; segments unequal. Petals 4-5, in-
serted under the ovary, shorter than the calyx, equal. Stamens indefinite,
rarely definite. Ovarium sessile or rarely shortly stalked, 2-5-celled. Ovules
numerous, in a double row, pendulous. Style 1, erect, very short, decidu-
ous: stigmas 2-5. Capsule elongated (pod-like) or roundish, 2-5-celled,
2-5-valved, loculicide. Seeds usually numerous in each cell.—Shrubs or
herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, serrated, entire; lower serratures
usually terminated by a long bristle. Peduncles very short, axillary or op-
posite to the leaves, or few-flowered. Flowers yellow.

263. (1) C. fascicularis (Lam.:) annual: leaves oblong or lanceolate, ser-
rated: peduncles 3-5-flowered, opposite to the leaves: capsules linear-
oblong, 4-6 times longer than broad, nearly terete, villous, rostrate with 3
terminal points, 3-celled, 3-valved: seeds numerous : transverse septa nearly
obsolete: stamens about 5.— DC. prod. 1. p. 505 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 584; Roxb.
Al. Ind. 2. p. 582; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1902 ; Wall.! L. n. 6312 ; Wight ! cat.
n. 269.— Pluk. t. 439. f. 6.

264. (2) C. trilocularis (Linn.:) annual: leaves oblong or oblong-lanceo-
late, more or less obtuse: peduncles 1-2-flowered, opposite to the leaves:
capsules slender, equal, 3-4-angled, scabrous with little prickly points, 20-
30 times longer than broad, rostrate and entire at the point, 3-4-celled, 3—4-
valved: seeds numerous, with nearly perfect transverse septa.—a; leaves
ovate-oblong; capsules in pairs, 3-angled.—C. trilocularis, DC./ prod. 1.
p. 504; Spr. syst. 2. p. 584; Jacq. hort. Vind. t. 173.—6; leaves ovate-
oblong ; capsules solitary, 4-angled.— Wight! cat. n. 957.—y ; leaves oblong-
lanceolate; capsules in pairs, 3-angled.—C. trilocularis, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2.
p. 582.—C. linearis, Wall.! L. n. 1070. 5.———8. Southern provinces.

go TILIACEÆ. Corenorus. -

Conznonvs. TILIACE E. 73

265. (3) C. urticefolius (W. & A.:) annual: leaves ovate-acuminated,
slightly cordate at the base: peduncles 2-3-flowered, opposite to the leaves:
capsules declinate, equal, 3-angled, scabrous, about 12 times longer than
broad, rostrate and entire at the point, 3-celled, 3-valved: seeds numerous,
with nearly perfect transverse septa.— Wight! cat. n. 276.—C. olitorius,
Wall.! L. 1072. f. (partly).

Most allied to C. trilocularis, but apparently quite distinct by the capsule

_ being twice as short, in proportion to the breadth.

266. (4) C. olitorius (Linn.:) annual: leaves ovate-acuminated : peduncles
1-2-fiowered: capsules nearly cylindrical, 10-ribbed, 6-8 times longer than
broad, glabrous, rostrate with ‘sometimes 5 terminal points, 5-celled, 5-
valved: seeds numerous, with nearly perfect transverse septa.—Gert. fr.
t. 64; DC. prod. 1. p. 504; Spr. syst. 2. p. 583; Lam. ill. t. A78. f. 1; Roxb.
Al. Ind. 2. p. 581; Wall.! L.n. 1072; Wight! cat. n. 277.—C. decemangularis,
Roxb. fi. Ind. 2. p. 582.— Pluk. t. 127. f. 8.

The Linnean plant has usually 1-flowered peduncles ; in C. decemangularis,
Roxb., they are generally 2-flowered, but we do not consider the character
permanent. We have referred here the synonym of Plukenet, although he
Says “ capsula sextuplici," probably meaning six cells ; it cannot be C. æs-
fuans, Linn., under which it is usually quoted.

267. (5) C. tridens (Linn.:) annual: leaves cuneate-oblong, linear, or
lanceolate: peduncles 1—4-flowered: capsules slender, 20-30 times longer
than broad, glabrous or slightly scabrous, 2-3-valved, 2-3-celled, rostrate ;
the beak 2-3-cleft, segments patent: seeds numerous in each cell, erect,
without transverse septa.—z; leaves lanceolate acuminated.— Wight! cat. n.
271, 273.— C. tridens, DC. prod. 1. p. 505; Spr. syst. 2. p. 583; Wall. L. n.
1073.— Pluk. t. 197. f. 4.—6; leaves linear-oblong or linear-lanceolate.—
Wight! cat. n. 274, 275.—C. Burmanni, DC. prod. 1. p. 505.—C. linearis,
Wall.! L. n. 1070. c.—C. trilocularis, Burm. Ind. t. 37. f. 2.—y; leaves ob-
long or obovate, cuneate at the base.— Wight! cat. n. 270, 280. ;

ery variable, and not uncommon in the Peninsula, but not noticed by
Roxburgh in his Flora Indica. z

_ 268. (6) C. acutangulus (Lam. :) annual: leaves ovate: peduncles oppo-
site to the leaves, 1-2-flowered : capsules prismatical, straight, glabrous,
stout, about 10 times longer than broad, 6-angled with 2-3 of the angles
winged, 3-celled, truncate with 3-5 divarieating entire or bifid horns: seeds
numerous in each cell, with the transverse septa nearly obsolete.—2 C. prod.
l. p. 505; Spr. syst. 2. p. 583; Wall.! L. n. 1069; Wight! eat. n. 272, 279.—
C. subscandens, Wall.! L. n. 1074 (corrected at p. 237 to C. estuans).—C.
gus, Roxb. fi.. Ind. 2. p. 582.—C. testuans, Gertn. fr. t. 64.—Pluk. t. 44.

We can see no difference between specimens in Mr Arnott's herbarium
from St Domingo (gathered by Bertero, and described by De Candolle), or
from Demerary (gathered by C. S. Parker, Esq.), and those from East India.

269. (7) C. capsularis (Linn.:) annual: leaves oblong acuminated: cap-
es globose, truncated, wrinkled and muricated, 5-celled ; seeds few in
each cell, without transverse septa.—DC. prod. 1. p. 505; Spr. syst. 2. p $
n. fr. t. 179; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 581; Wall.! L.n. 1071; Wight! cat.
n. 278.— Pluk. t. 275. f. 43 Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 78. f. 1. d
i S addition to the 5 fertile cells there are other 5, alternating, smaller, and
mpty. a

II. TRIUMFETTA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 400; Gertn. fr. t. 111.
Calyx 5-partite, coloured, deciduous: segments linear, sometimes obtuse,
Usually mucronate a little below the apex. Petals 5, not glandular on the

*

inside, inserted at the base of the stalk-like torus, equal, shorter than the

e

Th : TILIACE E. TRIUMFETTA.

calyx, sometimes abortive. Stamens 5-35, springing from the top of the
torus. Torus dilated at the apex, 5-toothed, supporting the stamens and
ovary. Glands 5, attached round the torus, and opposite to the petals.
Ovarium 2-4-celled, with 2 collateral pendulous ovules in each cell separated
by a false dissepiment. Style 1, 2-5-toothed at the apex. Fruit globose,
echinated with hooked prickles, 2-4-celled ; either separable into 2—4, some-
times imperfectly bilocular, usually 2-seeded cocci; or indehiscent, and the.
cells 1-seeded. Radicle superior.—Shrubs or herbaceous plants, with stellate
pubescence. Leaves alternate, entire or lobed, serrated; lower serratures
usually glandular. Peduncles axillary, solitary, or usually several together,
bearing about 3 bracteas and 3 flowers at the apex: pedicels when in fruit
reflexed. Flowers yellow.

In this genus it may be right to caution the student, as also the mere herbarium-,
or cultivator-botanist, to place almost no reliance on the shape of the leaves or their
pubescence, or suppression of the parts of the flower. Linneus characterised two
Il only: modern botanists have swelled this number almost to 50; most of
these, we refer particularly to those of Blume, St Hilaire, Kunth, and De Candolle,
are descriptions of so many individuals, not species. :

270. (1) T. pilosa (Roth:) stems herbaceous, roughly hairy, or tomentose:
upper leaves ovate, acuminated, entire ; lower ones somewhat 3-lobed ; all
unequally serrated, hairy ; under side tomentose: peduncles several together,
axillary and opposite to the leaves, 3-flowered : calyx apiculate: stamens
10; filaments glabrous: fruit hairy, 4-celled, 8-seeded ; prickles glabrous at
the apex, ciliated below with spreading hairs.— Roth. nov. sp. p. 223; DC.
prod. 1. p. 506; Spr. syst. 2. p. 452; Wight! cat. n. 286, 287.—T. Lappula?
Heyne!—T. vestita, Wall.! L. n. 1078.—T. Indica, Lam.?; DC.? prod. 1.
p. 508. ; ee

Roth seems to have overlooked entirely the deciduous calyx. We have
examined Heyne’s plant, and consequently that intended by Roth; we have
also before us Wallich’s n. 1078,a,¢,d, yet the only differences we can as
are in the prickles of the fruit being hairy to above or only below the middle,
and the more or less lobed leaves. In Dr Wight’s and Heyne’s specimens, from
their being taken from the upper part of the branches, the leaves are entire.
Wallich's n. 1078. d, in Hamilton's herbarium, is the same as that from Dr
Wight, but is accompanied by a 3-lobed leaf from the lowest part of the stem.
Dr Wallich's n. 1078.4, in Mr Arnott's herbarium, has both entire and 3-
lobed leaves upon the branches,. so that we conceive that we are right im
uniting them all, The fruit is about the size of a cherry.

t *271. (2) T. oblongata (Link:) annual: stem branched, villous towards
the summit: leaves oblong, serrated, 5-nerved, softly hairy: flowers termina
UM prod. 1. p. 507; Wall. L. n. 1077.—T. glandulosa, Herb.

This we do not know: we suspect, however, that Heyne's and the Penin-
sular plant is the same with one of those we have referred to T. pilosa. AS
far as we can ascertain by his list, Wallich appears to consider his own T.
oblonga (Don's prod. fl. Nep. p. 227), to be the same with T. oblongata;
while De Candolle refers it without doubt to T. trichoclada, Link., and G.
Don in Miller's dict. still keeps it distinct. No characters have yet been
given to distinguish any of them.

272. (3) T. angulata (Lam.:) stems herbaceous, glabrous or pubescent:
uppermost leaves ovate, acuminated; middle and lower ones cuspidately
3-5-lobed ; all more or less covered with stellate hairs, serrated : peduncles
2-3 together, axillary and opposite to the leaves, 3-flowered : calyx apicu-
late: stamens 10; filaments glabrous: fruit pubescent, 4-5-celled, T
seeded; prickles glabrous.— DC. prod. 1. p. 507 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 450; Wall.

*

TRIUMFETTA. —— ^'TILIACE A. ; 75

L.n. 1075. a-d ; Wight! cat. n. 282; Lam. ill. t. 400. J. 2.—T. Bartramia,
Linn. (partly); Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 468 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1434.— Pluk.
t, 41. f. 5.

Fruit small, about the size of a vetch-seed. If Wallich’s No. 1075. f. be-
long also to this species, then the flowers are sometimes pentandrous. We
do not know his No. 1075. g. from the Madras herbarium.

273. (4) T. glabra (Herb. Miss.!:) stems herbaceous, pubescent: leaves
Serrated, roundish, scarcely cordate, cuspidately 3-lobed, nearly quite gla-
brous: peduncles by the abortion of the upper leaves arranged in a longish
terminal interrupted raceme: calyx apiculate: stamens numerous (30-35) ;
filaments glabrous: fruit slightly hairy ; prickles slightly ciliated to above
the middle.—Spr. syst. 2. p. 450; Wight ! cat. n. 283. Balticalo; Rottler.

Fruit nearly the size of a small cherry.

214. (5) T. rotundifolia (Lam.:) stems herbaceous, pubescent: leaves
roundish, unequally and deeply toothed ; upper side nearly glabrous, under
tomentose: peduncles by the abortion of the upper leaves arranged in a long
interrupted raceme: calyx apiculate: stamens numerous (15-25) ; filaments
glabrous: fruit densely pubescent ; prickles slightly pubescent or nearly gla-
brous.— Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 421; DC. prod. 1. p. 506; Spr. syst. 2. p. 451;
Roth. nov. sp, 222; Wight! cat. n. 285.—T. suborbiculata, DC. prod. 1.
P. 506; Spr. syst. 2. p. 451.—T. orbiculata, Wall.! L. n. 1076.

275. (6) T. neglecta (W. & A. :) annual, erect, branched : stem roughish :
leaves roundish, 3-5-nerved at the base, 3-5-lobed, irregularly toothed, pu-

scent on both sides; upper leaves attenuated at both ends, upper side -

hairy,-under tomentose : peduncles lateral and opposite to the leaves, bear-
ing several flowers, sometimes by the abortion of the leaves arranged in an
interrupted raceme: calyx apiculate: stamens 5-8, filaments hairy on the
ope : fruit hairy, 2-4-celled, cells 1-seeded ; prickles ciliated.— Wight ! cat.
n. 284,

The above character is taken from a description made by Dr Wight on the
Spot, who likewise observed that, in some flowers, the calyx resembled an
involucrum, and the corolla a calyx covered with stellate tomentum.

T276. (7) T.? microphylla (W. & A.:) stems herbaceous, erect, branched,
glabrous: leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, sharply serrated, glabrous: pe-
auncles bearing 1-3-flowers, opposite? to the leaves: stamens 5-8.— Wight !
cat. n. 99].

The specimens before us are in a state of monstrosity: the calycine seg-
Ments are united into a tubular, or sometimes urceolate, 5-apiculate floral
covering or involucrum, similar to what Dr Wight observed in the last spe-
265: the stamens are in some flowers converted into 5 large glands ; in others
there are from 5 to 8, assuming their proper appearance, but destitute of pol-
‘en : in some flowers petals are present, in others absent: in some the ovarium
» Converted into an infundibuliform corolla, with a long tube, and a limb of

anceolate acuminate segments; while in others it resembles an oblong,

angled ovary, We think, however, that it is a species of Triumfetta: it
Vas sent formerly to Dr Wallich as a doubtful Mahernia, but we do not ob-
Serve it noticed in his list.

LÀ

HI. GREWIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 106; Lam. ill. t. 467.

Calyx 5-sepaled, deciduous : sepals coriaceous, coloured on the inner side.
Petals 5, with a nectarial gland or hollow at the base on the inside, inserted
at the base of the stalk-like torus, sometimes minute or wanting. Stamens
numerous, springing from the summit of the torus: anthers roundish. Style
-Te stigma 2-4-lobed. Ovarium of 3-4, 2-ovuled carpels. Ovuleserect. Drupe

(nuculanium) with 1-4 pyrenæ: nuts 2-celled, rarely 3-4-celled, sometimes

16 TILIACEE. GnEWIA.

by abortion 1-celled ; cells 1-seeded. Albumen fleshy. Radicle inferior.—
Spreading shrubs or trees with stellate pubescence. Leaves usually serrated,
and often resembling those of the elm. Inflorescence axillary or terminal ;
pedicels umbellate ; bracteoles at the base of the pedicels, included in an in-
volucrum in the terminal inflorescence, naked in the axillary. ;
Allied to Triumfetta, but there the glands, between the petals and stamens, are
attached to the torus; here, to the petals. There are also other characters given

in the descriptions. That part of the torus which is opposite to the glands of the
petals is glabrous, while above them it is tomentose.

$ 1. Inflorescence axillary, or occasionally terminal by the abortion of the leaves :
peduncles solitary or several together, bearing one or more umbellate flowers :
petals with a gland: ovary of 4 united carpels. Grewia, Linn.

4- Leaves 3-nerved. è

277. (1) G. orientalis (Linn. :) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, ovate- or oblong-
lanceolate, shortly and bluntly acuminated, sometimes slightly cordate at the
base, crenulated, nearly quite glabrous, or roughish beneath on the nerves and
veins with close-pressed hairs: peduncles axillary, solitary, about 3-flowered,
2-3 times the length of the petiole: bracteoles many times shorter than the
pedicels: sepals linear, narrow, covered with a tawny-coloured tomentum,
twice the length of the lanceolate acute, straight, entire petals: torus elonga-
ted beyond the glands: style scarcely so long as the stamens: drupes nearly
globose, flattish on the top, slightly 4-lobed, covered with a short tomentum
mixed with rather longer simple hairs: nuts 4, 2-3-celled.—DC. prod. 1.

p. 5105 Spr. syst. 2. p. 580; Rowb.? fl. Ind. 2. p. 586; Roth. nov. sp. p. 2423

Wall.! L. n. 1100. d (and perhaps the others); Wight! cat. n. 258.—G. ob-
tusa, Wall.! L. n. 1103. c.?—G. rhamnifolia, Herb. Madr.? s Roth. nov. sp.
p. 244.—G. carpinifolia 8, DC.? prod. 1. p. 511.

Although none of the specimens before us present the cordate base of the
leaf, yet we entertain little doubt of G. rhamnifolia being the same. The
fruit is never, that we have seen, covered with * erect, strong hairs," whence
we suspect that part of Roth’s description of G. orientalis to belong to G. co-
lumnaris ; Roxburgh perhaps had also both plants in view, as well as our G.
emarginata.

278. (2) G. bracteata (Roth. :) shrubby : leaves 3-nerved, ovate, shortly and
obtusely acuminated, bluntly serrulated, glabrous, or scabrous beneath on the
nerves and veins: peduncles axillary, solitary or sometimes in pairs, as short
as the petiole, about 3-flowered: bracteoles longer than the pedicels : sepals
linear, narrow, covered with a shining golden-coloured tomentum, 5-8 times
longer than the oblong recurved entire petals: torus elongated beyond the
glands ; style clavate at the apex, longer than the stamens: drupes somewhat
2-lobed, narrowed towards the base, covered with a short tomentum ; nuts
solitary in each lobe and 2-3-celled, or in pairs and 1-2-celled.— Roth. nov.
sp. p. 243; DC. prod. 1. p. 508; Spr. syst. 2. p. 580 ; Wight ! cat. n. 250, 251.
—G. obtusa, Wall. ! L. 1103. a, e (and probably 5, d.)

No. 250 was sent to Dr Wallich without a name, and corresponds there-
fore to his No. 1103 5 or d, we rather think the latter, as that letter is marked
with doubt, and it has a slightly different appearance from hisa. As to Wal-
lich's G. bracteata, n. 6309, sent by Dr Wight, we do not think it belongs to
the present species, but we have at present no means of ascertaining what it
really is. The stamens are of a deep orange-colour.

279. (3) G. columnaris (Sm.!:) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, ovate, oblon
or lanceolate, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, shortly acuminated,
acute or obtuse, rigid, glandularly crenated, scabrous on both sides but par-
ticularly the upper with very short scattered stellate hairs: peduncles axil-

Grewia. _TILIACEA. E i

lary, solitary, about twice as long as the petioles, 3-5-flowered, frequently
forming a terminal eorymb : bracteoles half as long as the pedicels: sepals
linear, narrow, covered with a somewhat golden-coloured tomentum, about
3 times longer than the lanceolate obtuse or scarcely acute straightish entire
petals: torus elongated beyond the glands: style clavate at the apex, longer
than the stamens: drupes turbinate, slightly 4-lobed, bristly-hairy, not to-
mentose ; hairs from a tuberculate base ; nuts 4, each 1-2-celled.— DC. prod.
1. p. 510; Spr. syst. 2. p. 580; Wight ! cat. n. 257, 259.—G. pilosa, Lam.?
encycl. meth. 3. p. 43 (asto the fruit.)—G. pilosa, Wall.! L. n. 1112. c, d (pro-
bably also. e and S.)—G. orientalis, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 84.—Pluk. t. 50. X4
Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 46.2

We have before us three specimens, unnamed, corresponding with those sent
to Dr Wallich ; these probably form his No. 1112. e and f. Of Wallich's
1112. a. we know nothing; his b. is G. sepiaria, Roxb. (G. serrulata, DC.)
The torus is scarcely more elongated than in the two preceding species. The
leaves vary from cordate-ovate to lanceolate-acuminated. Flowers white.

t*280 (4) G. obliqua (Juss.:) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, lanceolate,
oblique, toothed, roughish on both sides with scattered stellate hairs : stipules
linear, the length of the short petioles: peduncles solitary, axillary, longer
than the petiole, 3-flowered: stamens shorter than the sepals but longer than the
petals— Juss. in Ann. mus. 4. p. 91; DC. prod. 1. p. 511 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 581.

Leaves about an inch and a half long. - Of this species little is known ; it
probably is only one of the forms of G. columnaris ; or perhaps it is referable
to G. pilosa, j

281. (5) G. levigata (Vahl:) arborescent: leaves 3-nerved, oval, with a
long attenuation, nearly entire at the base, serrated upwards, almost quite
glabrous on both sides, or scabrous beneath on the nerves and veins: pedun-
cles axillary, solitary or 2-3 together, slender, 2-3 times longer than the pe-
tioles, 2-3-flowered : bracteoles many times shorter than the pedicels: sepals
linear, narrow, 3-4 times longer than the oblong entire bluntish petals: torus
scarcely longer than the glands: style filiform, longer than the stamens;
stigma fringed : drupe deeply 2-lobed, glabrous ; nuts 1-2 in each lobe, 1-2-
celled.— Vahl, symb. 1. p. 34; DC. prod. 1. p. 510; Spr. syst. 2. p. 57 8.—G.
ovalifolia, Juss.? in ann. mus. 4. p.90; DC.? prod. 1. p. 510.—G. didyma,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 591; in E. I. C. mus. t. 229; Wall.! L. n. 1086; G. Don
3 Mill. dict. 1. p. 549.—G. disperma, Rottl. in Spr. syst. 2. p. 579; G. Don
: €. p. 551.

Our only hesitation regarding the synonym of Jussieu arises from his stating
the petals to be half as long as the calyx ; but as there appears to be but one
Species known in the Peninsula with attenuated glabrous leaves, and glabrous

it, we suspect some error in his description.

282. (6) G. salvifolia (Heyne:) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, oblong, obtuse
9r acute, oblique at the base, sharply serrulated ; upper side nearly glabrous,
under hoary with a white very short close tomentum: peduncles axillary,
solitary, 1-3-flowered ; pedicels somewhat divaricated, rather longer than
the peduncle : sepals linear-lanceolate, twice the length of the oblong-lan-
ceolate entire petals : style filiform, a little longer than the stamens: drupe
of 2 globose lobes (or sometimes 1 by Barton), glabrous ; nuts solitary m
each lobe, 4-celled.—Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p. 239; DC. prod. 1. p. P
Spr. syst. 9. p. 580; Wight! cat. n. 249.—G. excelsa, Wall.! L. n. 6307. b.
—G. Damine, Gert. fr. t. 106. f. 7 (good). e ide

ere is a specimen in the Banksian herbarium from Russell, marked G.
glabra, Roxb.: as no such name, however, occurs in Roxburgh's works, we
Suspect it to have been intended for G. evigata, under which Heyne sent
Specimens of the following to Roth. But the following is G. salvifolia, Roxb.,
ŝo that it is highly probable that Roxburgh had both plants in view; perhaps,
indeed, they are not distinct species.

78 : TILIACEJE. GREWIA.

283. (7) G. Rothii (DC.:) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, ovate-oblong, acu-
minated, obtuse or acute, sharply serrulated ; upper side glabrous, under
hoary with short white tomentum: peduncles 2-3, axillary, slender, 6-8
times longer than the petioles; pedicels much shorter than the peduncles,
twice as long as the bracteoles: sepals linear, narrow, twice the length of
the oblong entire petals: style filiform, a little longer than the stamens;
stigma dilated: drupe globose, glabrous, with 2 1-2-celled nuts.—DC. prod.
1. p.509 ; Spr. syst. 2. p.579.—G. bicolor, Roth, nov. sp. p. 240 (not J'uss.)—
G. leevigata, Heyne (not Vahl.)—G. salvifolia, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 597 ; in E. I.
C. mus. tab. 225; Wall.2 L. n. 1090. a.—G. excelsa, Wall.? L. n. 6307. a.

Our character is principally taken from Roxburgh’s figure.

284. (8) G. hirsuta (Vahl:) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, lanceolate, acu-
minated, obliquely rounded or cordate at the base, acutely and unequally
serrated ; upper surface slightly wrinkled, hairy or slightly tomentose, of the
adult leaves nearly glabrous ; under densely tomentose : peduncles 1-3, ax-
illary, about the length of the petioles, 2-4-flowered : pedicels rather shorter
than the peduncles: sepals lanceolate, more than twice the length of the
petals : petals oblong, entire, lower half villous on the back and ciliated on
the margin : torus scarcely longer than the glands: style filiform, longer than
the stamens ; stigma large, 2-3-lobed, stellately penicillate: drupes nearly
globose, hairy, slightly 4-lobed ; nuts 4, each 2-celled.—Vahl! symb. 1.
p.94; DC.* prod. 1. p. 509; Spr. syst. 2. p. 580; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 5875
Wight! cat. n. 256.—G. tomentosa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 226.—G.
pilosa, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 588 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1447 (not Lam.)—6G-
montana, Koen.! in herb. Banks.—G. salvifolia, Wall.! (not Roxb.) L. n.
1091. a-d.—G. helicterifolia, Wall.! L. n. 1090. c.—G. Roxburghii, G. Don in
Mill. dict. 1. p. 548 (exclus. syn.)——Jungles near Madras, Wandawasi,
Nandaradah, &c.

Roxburgh in his earlier description of this plant as G. hirsuta, and corres-
ponding drawing as G. tomentosa, has described the fruit as having 1-celled
nuts, probably from having only cut it transversely : we find them almost con-
stantly 2-celled : the distinguishing characters, therefore, given at p. 588 of the
fl. Ind. are insufficient, and we therefore unite the Bengal to the Coromandel
species; the only difference being that the leaves of G. pilosa are linear-lanceo-
late, in G. hirsuta approaching to ovate-lanceolate; which differences may arise
from cultivation, in which state only Roxburgh knew his G. pilosa. Wallich's
n. 1090. b/, d!, e!, and n. 1091. e/, belong to G. polygama, Roxb.! (fl. Ind. 2.
P 589, and in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1448), a species differing from G. hirsuta by

aving male flowers without the least trace of a pistillum on one plant, and
bisexual flowers on another ; in it also the petals are not hairy on the back,
and the gland, not the petal, is tomentose round the margin: besides, the
nuts of the fruit are 1-celled. We do not know Wall. L. n. 1090. a.

285. (9) G. pilosa (Lam.:) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, on very short petioles,
cuncate- or obovate-oblong: lanceolate scarcely acuminated, rounded or slight-
ly cordate at the base, unequally serrated, rough with stellate hairs ; under
side with the hairs longer more copious and softer: peduncles 1-3, axillary;
the length of the petiole, 3-flowered ; pedicels as long as the peduncles and
the bracteoles; sepals linear, narrow: petals linear, bifid!, as long as the
stamens and about two-thirds of the length of the calyx : torus scarcely éx-
ceeding the glands: style filiform, a little longer than the stamens ; stigma
4-partite, segments filiform: drupes 1—4-lobed, crustaceous, covered with
stellate hairs; nuts 1-4, 1-3-celled.—Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 43 (excl. syn. and
char. of fruit?) ; DC. prod. 1. p. 510; Spr. syst. 2. p. 580 ; Wight ! cat. n. 262.
—G. carpinifolia, Roxb. (not Juss.) fl. Ind. 2. p. 587; in E. I. C. mus. tab.

* We are at a loss to know why De Candolle and Mr G. Don have locality of ** Java” to this —
Vahl received it from Koenig, gathered in the Peninsula. Renters nat ed vas. pop
allich calls it G. salvifolia ; and, by a singular coincidence, Roxburgh in his Fl. Ind. 2. p. 503,
both these names to Alangium herapetalum, Linn.

Grewia. TILIACEJE. 79:

224; Roth. nov. sp. p. 245 (partly); Wall.! L. n. 1093. c. (partly).—G. sca-
brida, Wall. !- L. n. 1113. b-d.—G. commutata, DC. prod. 1. p. 511 ; Spr. syst.
2. p. 581.—G. flavescens, Juss. in Ann. mus. 4. p. 91 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 510;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 580.—G. orientalis, Gert.? fr. t. 106.

Flowers small.

286. (10) G. emarginata (W. & A.:) shrubby: leaves 3-nerved, roundish-
obovate, scarcely acute, more or less cordate at the base, unequally toothed,
teeth glandular ; upper side slightly scabrous with minute stellate pubescence,
under pale with a short close starry tomentum : peduncles axillary, 4—5 times
longer than the petioles, solitary, 3-6-flowered: bracteoles at the base of the
pedicels unequal, somewhat persistent: sepals lanceolate, twice as long as
the oblong emarginate petals: torus elongated: style clavate at the apex,
longer than the stamens; stigma 4-lobed: drupes at first hairy, afterwards
glabrous and shining, 4- (or sometimes 1-2-) lobed; nuts usually 4 and
1-celled, or fewer and 1—2-celled.— Wight ! eat. n. 260, 261.—G. carpinifolia,
Roth. nov. sp. p. 245 (partly); Wall. ! L. n. 1098 (partly).—G. orientalis,
Roxb.? in E. I. C. mus. t. 222.

It is difficult to say whether Roxburgh's figure of G. orientalis belongs to
this or to G. columnaris, as the colour of the paeas is not noted on the copy-
of the drawing before us. Roxburgh and the missionaries appear to have
considered this, G. orientalis, G. bracteata, G. columnaris, and G. pilosa, as
varieties. Dr Wight sent none but this to Wallich as G. involucrata (see.
Wall. L. n. 1093) ; but the latter referring it to G. carpinifolia, and receiving.
at the same time -specimens from Dr Wight of a “ G. carpinifolia,” obtained
from the Madras herbarium, his assistants appear to have mixed the two under
his No. 1093. e, as the specimen of that in Mr Arnott's herbarium belongs to
G. pilosa (Wall. L. n. 1113. c.)

287. (11) G. abutilifolia (Juss.:) arborescent: leaves 3-nerved, roundish-
cordate, sometimes with a few sharpish lobes, irregularly and coarsely toothed ;
upper side rough, under harshly tomentose : p several together, ax-
illary, about half as long as the petiole, 3-4- owered: sepals oblong, about
thrice the length of the oblong entire petals: torus scarcely longer than the
glands: style about the length of the stamens: drupes 4-lobed, pubescent
and hairy, when ripe sometimes nearly glabrous; nuts 4 (or fewer by abor-
tion), 1-2-celled.— Juss. in ann. mus. 4. p. 92; DC. prod. 1. p. 511 ; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 581; Wall.! L. n. 1092 ; Wight! cat. n. 254.—G. aspera, Roxb. fl.
Ind. 2. p. 590; in E. I. C. mus, tab. 228; Roth. nov. sp. p. 245 ; DC. prod. 1.
P. 511 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 581.—G. macrophylla, G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 549.

4- 4- Leaves 5-nerved.

288. (12) G. villosa (Herb. Miss.:) leaves 5-nerved, roundish-cordate with
or without a short acumination, wrinkled, toothed, teeth terminated by a tuft
of hairs ; upper side rough, under covered with a short tomentum and villous
on the nerves and veins: inflorescence, petioles, and young leaves very vil-
lous: peduncles scarcely any ; pedicels umbellate, 5-6 in each axil, shorter

the petiole: sepals linear-lanceolate, about thrice the length of the ob-
long entire obtuse petals: torus not longer than the glands: style thickened
at the apex, longer than the stamens: lobes of stigma toothed: drupe P
bose, hairy; nuts 4, each 1-celled.— Herb. Rottl.!, Klein!, and Heyne! ;
Willd. ; Sm.! in Rees’ eyel ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 248 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 512; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 581 (excl. syn. Roxb.) ; Wall.! L. n. 6306 ; Wight ! cat. n. 265.—
G. orbiculata, G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 551 (not Rottl) —

It is singular that, although discovered by the Missionaries in August 1798,
no trace of this occurs in Roxburgh’s works. Willdenow has led Mr Don
"nto an error by erroneously quoting for this the G. orbiculata of Rottler,
Which belongs to G. rotundifolia.

289.(13) G. Asiatica ( Linn.:) arborescent: leaves 5-nerved, roundish-cordate

80 d TILIACER. - Grewia.

obtuse or acutish, sometimes unequal at the base, unequally serrated ; upper
side at length nearly glabrous, under glabrous pubescent or hoary: stipules lan-
ceolate-subulate : peduncles axillary, 2—4, twice or thrice as long as the petiole,
3-flowered, and as well as the pedicels divaricating: sepals oblong-lanceo-
late, twice the length of the narrow-obovate petals: torus scarcely longer
than the glands: style about equal to the stamens ; stigma 4-lobed : drupes
globose, with 1-2 1-celled nuts.— DC. prod. 1. p. 511; Spr. syst. 2. p. 581;
Roth. nov. sp. p. 251; Rowxb.! fl. Ind. 2. p. 586; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 223;
Wall.! L. n. 1089 ; Wight! cat. n. 255.—0G. subineequalis, DC. prod. 1. p. 511.
There are before us so many variations in the form of the leaves and pu-
bescence, that we cannot point out any constant characters but in the fruit.

290. (14) G. tiliefolia (Vahl:) arborescent: leaves 5-nerved, roundish-
cordate, rounded or acuminated at the apex, usually oblique at the base,
equally or unequally bluntly toothed or serrated ; upper side at length gla-
brous, under glabrous or sometimes densely pubescent : stipules lanceolate,
auricled on one side at the base: peduncles axillary, numerous, from half as
long as the petiole to sometimes nearly equal to or even slightly exceeding it,
3-5-flowered, straightish as well as the pedicels: sepals linear-oblong, twice
as long as the oblong petals: torus scarcely exceeding the glands: style
about the length of the stamens; stigma 4-lobed : drupes 2-lobed ; lobes

lobose, with two hemispherical 3-celled nuts, or one spherical 6-celled nut,.
in each lobe.—Vahl symb. 1. p. 85 ; Roth. nov. 8p. p. 251 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 511;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 5815 Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 587 ; Wall.! L. n. 1094 ; Wight ! cat.
n. 266.—G. arborea, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 227 ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 241;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 581.—G. variabilis, Wall. ! L. n. 1087. c.

We have not seen Wall. L. n. 1087. a or b, and do not know whether they
be referable to this or to the last species. Most authors proceed on the sup-
position that Roxburgh's G. arborea is distinct from G. tiliefolia ; but Rox-
burgh ed called it so before Vahl's description reached him, when he
adopted ahls name both in his Hort. Bengh. and Fl. Ind. It is strange
that G. Don (in Mill. dict.) should refer to the Hort. Bengh. p. 92, for G.
arborea, no such occurring, the name tiliefolia being even there (at p. 93)
printed by mistake trifolia.

291. (15) G. rotundifolia (Juss. :) leaves 5-6-nerved, cordate-roundish or.
ovate, equal or oblique at the base, crenulated, hoary and softly velvety on
both sides: peduncles axillary, several together, several times longer than
petioles, 3-flowered ; pedicels divaricating: sepals linear, 2-3 times as long
as the oblong slightly bidentate petals : torus searcely exceeding the glands:
style longer than the stamens ; stigma 4-lobed and crenulated : drupes
slightly 2-lobed, with 1-2 usually 2-celled nuts in each.—Juss. ann. mus. 4-
p. 92. t. 50. f. 35 DC. prod. 1. p. 511; Spr. syst. 2. p. 581; Wall.! L. m
1085; Wight ! cat. n. 263, 268.—G. orbiculata, Herb. Miss.! ; Roth. nov. 8p.
p. 246.—G. orbicularis, Herb. Lamb. + G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 550.

.292. (16) G. populifolia (Vahl:) shrubby: leaves 5-nerved, roundish,
slightly cordate at the base, unequally crenated ; upper side nearly glabrous,
under pubescent: petioles slender: peduncles axillary, solitary, 1-flowered,
shorter than the leaf, with two opposite bracteoles above the middle: se
linear, a little longer than the stamens and narrow linear bifid petals: torus
scarcely exceeding the glands: ovarium glabrous: style a little longer than
the stamens ; stigma 4-lobed: drupes deeply 2-lobed ; lobes globose with à
shining, glabrous crustaceous epicarp, and 1 1-celled nut in each.—/*
symb. 1. p. 33; DC. prod. 1. p. 511; Spr. syst. 2. p. 581 ; Wight ! cat. n. 267.
E eis Roth. nov. sp. p. 249; Wall.! L. n. 1088.—Chadara tenax»

orsk. !

Roth states that the petals are obtuse; our specimens, from the same —

source, have the points bifid. We had no opportunity of dissecting Forskahl's
plant, but it appeared quite the same as Ours, as did also G. populifolia of

Bxnnva.. TILIACEJZE. 81

Vahl in Herb. Banks, and Herb. Smith. We possess this from the Mauritius :
it is Sieber's Flora mixta, n. 113.

$2. Inflorescence panicled, terminal, or in the axils of the upper leaves : petals
with a nectariferous cavity : ovarium of 3 united carpels. Microcos, Linn.

298. (17) G. Mierocos (Linn.!:) shrubby : leaves ovate- or obovate-lanceo-
late, acuminated, slightly cordate at the base, serrulated, reticulately veined
or wrinkled, adult ones glabrous or nearly so ; under side of young ones co-
vered with a starry pubescence : panicle terminal, pubescent: flowers 2 or 3
together within an involucrum : petals broad-oblong, 3 times shorter than the
calyx, emarginate at the apex ; the nectariferous cavity with a pubescent
margin, containing a small close-pressed gland at the base: drupe with a
single, hairy, 3-celled nut.—DC. prod. 1. p. 510; Spr. syst. 2. p. 579; Wall.!
L. n. 1098 ; Wight ! cat. n. 264.—G. ulmifolia, Roxb.! hort. Bengh. p. 42 £g.
Ind.2. p. 591; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1983.—G. affinis, Lindl. ! in Hort. Soc.
Trans. 6. p. 265.—Microcos paniculata, Linn./—M. mala, Ham.! in Linn.
Soc. Trans. 13. p. 549.—M. Stauntoniana, G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 551.—
Arsis rugosa, Lour. Al. Cochin. p. 409.—Burm. fl. Zeyl. t. 74; Pluk. t. 262.
£3; Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 56. ;

IV. BERRYA. Roxb.

Sepals 5, united in æstivation, bursting irregularly into 3, 4, or 5 seg-
ments, somewhat persistent. Petals 5, oblong. Stamens numerous ; filaments
slightly united at the very base. Ovarium solitary, 3-lobed, 3-celled : ovules
6-8 in each cell, in a double series. Style simple. Stigma 3-lobed. Capsule
roundish, 6-winged, 3-celled, 3-valved, loculicidal: each valve furnished
with two large, oblong, membranaceous, reticulated, horizontal, villous
Wings. Seeds 1-4 in each cell, densely covered with short rigid hairs : albu-
men fleshy : radicle superior.—A tree. Leaves alternate, petioled, with ensi-

form deciduous stipules, cordate-ovate, acuminated, glabrous, 5-7-nerved at :

the base. Panicles terminal and axillary, large. | Flowers numerous, white.

* 294. (1) B. Ammonilla (Roxb.)—Rorb. hort. Bengh. p. 42 ; fl. Ind. 2.
p. 639; Cor. 3. t. 264; DC. prod. 1. p. 517 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 582 ; Wall. ! L. n.
3068; Wight ! cat. n. 252.—Cultivated in the governor's garden at Madras,
rom Ceylon, but probably a native also of the southern provinces of the

eninsula,

€ wood is annually exported in large quantities from Trincomalee, and
ence called Trincomalee wood. The Singalese name is said by Roxburgh
to be Ammonilla, but we do not find it in Moon’s catalogue of Ceylon plants.

ORDER XXVI.—ELJEOCARPEJE. Juss.

Sepals 4-5, without an involucrum: estivation valvate. Petals 4—5,
hypogynous, very rarely perigynous or none: sestivation imbricated.
Torus large, discoid, usually with glands, generally free, rarely lining
the bottom of the calyx. Stamens hypogynous or rarely perigynous,
Some multiple of the sepals (8-80): filaments short, free : anthers long,
bilocular, opening at the apex by a double fissure. Ovary with two or
More cells: style 1 and simple or rarely trifid, very rarely 4: stigmas
equal to the number of carpels, frequently united. Fruit various, inde-
hiscent, dry, drupaceous, or valvular and loculicide, sometimes by abor-

F

82 : ELJEOCARPEJE. Er XoCARPUS.

tion I-celled. Seeds 1 or 2 (rarely more?) in each cell. Albumen
fleshy. Embryo inverted: cotyledons flat, foliaceous : radicle superior.
— Leaves alternate or opposite, with deciduous stipules. Petals 3-lobed
or fimbriated, rarely only emarginate.

I. ELJEOCARPUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 459; Gaertn. fr. t. 43.

Calyx 4-5-sepaled. Petals 4-5, glabrous on the back, cuneate, ciliated — —
below, 3-5-cleft and laciniated towards the apex. Stamens 15-50, inserted 2
into the upper and inner side of the glands of the torus: anther-valves equal, i
obtuse, usually bearded at the tip with several short pellucid bristles. Ova- |
rium surrounded at the base by 5 large glands, 3-celled: ovules 2 in each
cell. Fruit a drupe: nut tubercled, 3-, or by abortion 1-celled ; seed soli-
tary in each cell.— Trees orlarge shrubs. Leaves lanceolate, usually serrated.

To this genus, formed for E. serratus, belongs De Candolle's Aceratium, the charac-
ter he has given to Eleocarpus corresponding principally to Monocera. We incline
with Jussieu to keep Ganitrus (El. Ganitrus, Roxb: distinet, on account of the 5-
celled ovarium, with 4 ovules in each cell; with it E/. nitidus of Jack is a congener-
Elbifidus, Hook. and Arn., and Dicera dentata, Forst., having 2- or 3-lobed peta and
a 2-celled ovary, may also form the type of a genus, although the one has unequal
pointed, and the other 2 retuse anther-valves: to the former, Acronidia Bl. is very
closely allied. Dicera serrata Forst. has sometimes, if not always, unisexual flow-
ers, and has little affinity with any genus we know except perhaps Aristotelia. De-
cadia Lour. appears to be a species of Symplocos.

_ 295. (1) E. serratus (Linn. :) arborescent : leaves petioled, alternate, el-
liptical, obtuse, bluntly serrated ; nerves with glands in their axils and at
most of their subdivisions: petioles with a small gland on each side near the
apex : racemes simple, from the axils of the present year’s leaves, and scarcely
so long: stamens 20-30 ; anther-valves bearded: drupes oblong ; nut oblong,
very hard, indehiscent, prominently tubercled, 1-celled, 1-seeded.— Linn. sp.
pl. p. 734; Sm.! in Rees’ eycl.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 449 (bad as to numb. of
stam.) ; Wall.! L. n. 2666. f; Wight! cat. n. 290.—E. integrifolius, Lam. ill.
t. 459; DC. prod. 1. p. 519% Spr. I. e——Malabar, Travancore. :

De Candolle’s character of this species, with the synonyms of Rumphius
and Geertner belong to the genus Ganitrus: the plant he saw in Burmann 8
herbarium, to the next species. In E. integrifolius, Lam., the serratures are
more shallow than usual.

296. (2) E. oblongus (Gærtn. :) arborescent: leaves petioled, alternate,
elliptic-oblong, pointed, with blunt and often shallow serratures ; nerves
with glands in some of the axils, or often without any: petioles with a sm
gland on each side near the apex : racemes simple, from the axils of the fallen
leaves, and considerably shorter than them: stamens 30-40; anther-valves
beardless: drupes oblong ; nut oblong, very hard, indehiscent, prominently
tubercled, 1-celled, 1-seeded—Gertn. fr. t. 43 ; Sm.! in Rees’ cycl.; DC-
prod. 1. p. 519.—E. Perim-Kara, DC. l. e-—Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 24 (bad); —
Burm. Zeyl. t. 40; Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 102 (bad).—2 ; leaves very shortly
pointed: racemes about two-thirds of the length of the leaves ; pedicels
stout.— Wight ! cat. n. 291.—£ ; leaves with a longish acumination, twice as
long as the racemes ; pedicels slender.— Wight ! cat. n. 293.——z ; Neelgher-
ries, 8; Southern provinces, mam

Of the synonym of Smith we feel certain ; and we have little doubt as to
Rumphius, that author nowhere saying that the leaves are entire, but
the margins are “ obscurely and amply toothed."— E. serratus, Roxb.! (f.
Ind. 2. p. 596, and E. I. C. mus. tab. 951), Wall.! L. n. 1666. a, c, ^, aD
apparently also of Blume, is a closely allied species to the present, ing
the same foilage, but differing by the anthers bearded, by the indehiscent

Monocera. - . A ELZEOCARPEJE. 83

nuts 2-3-celled, 2-3-seeded, and “ smooth except for small pits like those of
the almond.”

t 297. (3) E. adenophyllus (Wall.)—Wail. L. n. 6860.—Olea? serrata, Herb.
Heyne.
II. MONOCERA. Jack.

Calyx 5-sepaled. Petals 5, cuneate, usually silky on the back, 3-5-cleft
and much laciniated towards the apex. Stamens numerous (25-80): anther-
valves unequal; outer one elongated, tapering and subulate, much longer
than the inner one. Ovarium surrounded at the base by 5 glands, 2-celled:
ovules numerous, in a double row in each cell. Fruit a drupe: nut smoothish
or tubercled, 1-2-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell.—Trees. Leaves lan-
ceolate or cuneate-oblong, serrated or entire.

To this genus Jack (in Mal. misc. 1. n. 2. p. 41, and in Hook. bot. misc. 2.
p: 85) has referred several species, principally, at the time, undescribed. To it also
belongs El. Varunua, Ham. ! (E. serratus, Wall. ! L. n. 2666, g, h.)

298. (1) M. tuberculata (W. & A. :) arborescent: leaves petioled, cuneate-
obovate, retuse at the base, remotely serrulated : racemes lax, simple, solitary
from the axils of the fallen leaves ; pedicels slender, drooping: petals silk
on the back: stamina 70-80 ; filaments hairy: drupe oval; nut compressed,
much tubercled on each of the flat sides, with a thickened margin, 1-2-celled.
—E. tuberculatus, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 93 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 594; Wall.! L. n.
2658 ; Wight ! cat. n. 292.—E. serrulatus, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 42.—E. bilo-
cularis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1985 ; Jack, l. c. Neelgherries, Tra-
vancore,

ORDER XXVII.—DIPTEROCARPE. Blume.

Calyx tubular, 5-lobed, naked, persistent, usually unequal, and after-
wards enlarged: æstivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous, sessile or
scarcely unguiculate, often slightly connected at the base: sestivation
twisted. Stamens indefinite, hypogynous : filaments dilated at the base,
free or irregularly cohering : anthers erect, bilocular, acuminated or
tipped with a gland or subulate point, opening by terminal fissures.
Torus small, fot discoid. Ovarium with few cells : ovules in pairs,
pendulous; style and stigma simple. Fruit coriaceous, l-celled by
abortion, 3-valved or indehiscent, surrounded by the calyx. Seeds

= Solitary. Albumen none. Radicle superior, or rarely (ever ?) inferior:
|. ^ cotyledons thick and fleshy, twisted and crumpled, or unequal and
obliquely incumbent.—' Trees abounding in resin. Leaves alternate :
vernation involute. Stipules deciduous, convolute.

T I. VATERIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 475; Gertn. fr. t. 189. —

Calyx 5-partite: segments sometimes afterwards enlarged, equal. Petals
5. Stamens 15-50: anthers tapering. Ovarium 3-celled, with 2 sortem
ovules in each cell. Seed solitary : cotyledons stalked : radicle superior.—
Trees. Leaves oblong, entire, coriaceous, glabrous. Panicles axillary or
terminal, with white flowers. : ^

299. (1) V. Indica (Linn.:) panicles terminal: calyx-segments oblong,
obtuse, not enlarged when in fruit: petals oval, emarginate, scarcely longer

r2

84 DIPTEROCARPE. VATICA.

‘than the calyx: stamens 40-50 ; anther-cells linear ; connectivum produced
beyond them into a subulate point, splitting along with the anthers: style
elongated; stigma acute.— Ro«b. Cor. 3. t. 288 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 602; Spr. syst.

2. p. 599 ; Wall.! L. n. 3670; Wight ! cat. n. 289.—Eleocarpus copalliferus,
Retz.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 15. Malabar.

V. lanceolata, Roxb., ought perhaps to form a distinct genus: asa species
it differs by the panicles axillary ; calyx-segments ovate, acute, and much
increased as the seeds ripen ; petals linear-falcate, obtuse, with their concave
bases placed closely together and forming a kind of tube round the ovary and
stamens ; stamens 15, anther-cells short with the connectivum produced be-
‘yond them into an ovate, acute, indehiscent coloured glandular point ; style
short, stigma clavate 3-dentate.

II. VATICA. Linn.—Shorea, Roxb. ; Gertn. fr. t. 186.

Sepals 5, afterwards enlarging into 5 long wings. Petals 5.. Stamens 15-
100: filaments capillary below the anthers: anther-cells short, obtuse ; con-
nectivum filiform, produced beyond the cells into a more or less elongated,
coloured, deciduous bristle. Ovarium 3-celled, with two pendulous ovules
in each cell. Seed solitary: cotyledons stalked, not crumpled: radicle su-
perior.—Trees with entire leaves, and panicles of yellow flowers.

300. (1) V. laccifera (W. & A.:) glabrous: leaves coriaceous, oblong, ob-

tuse, often emarginate at the base: panicles numerous, from the axils of the
fallen leaves ; branches and pedicels glabrous: calyx in flower glabrous:
stamens 15 ; anther-bristle very long.— Wight ! cat. n. 960.—Shorea Talura,
Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 93; fl. Ind. 2. p. 618.—S. laccifera, Heyne ; Wall.! L.
n. 967.—S. Roxburghii, G. Don ? in Mill. dict. p. 813.—8. robusta, Roth. nov.
sp. p. 221 (not Rozb.).—Saul Iallarea, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1567.——
Naikeneri, upon the Ghauts. Nundidroog. Paulghaut-mountains. ;
- As there is some uncertainty about the Tamul name of the plant, (whether,
as Roxburgh says, it be Talura (in his mss. Jallarea), or, as Wallich has it,
Galari-maram), we have adopted the less barbarous specific one of laccifera.
With this species it is most probable that V. chinensis, Linn. (a name inad-
missible, as it is not a native of China), is identical: indeed we know of no
distinguishing character. :

t301. (2) V. Tumbugaia (W. & A. :) leaves ovate-cordate, long-petioled :
panicles terminal: stamens about 100, with bearded anthers.—Shorea Tum-

, bugaia, Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 617.—Saul Tumbugaia, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1566.—Balaghat or Paulghaut mountains ; Berry. em

III. DIPTEROCARPUS. Gert. fr. t. 187, 188.

Calyx of one piece, 5-cleft: two of the segments, when in fruit, expanded
into long ligulate scarious wings. Petals 5. Stamens numerous: anthers
long, linear, tapering. Ovarium 3-celled, with two pendulous ovules in each
cell. Seed solitary: cotyledons crumpled: radicle superior —Large trees.
Flowers in racemes, white tinged with red,

D. incanus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 614, and D. alatus, Wall.! L. n. 953. b. (not
Roxb.), having ovate leaves softly pubescent beneath, with strongly marked lateral
nerves, and a glabrous calyx, appear to belong to the true D. costatus, Gærtn., aC-
cording to Hamilton’s description of the plant of which Gertner represented the
fruit. Roxburgh's D. costatus, with linear-oblong leaves and a slightly hairy calyx;
is a distinct species, and may be called D. angustifolius. D. alatus, Roxb. is vety
closely allied to D. scaber, Ham., and may be the same; but the latter is sa!
have the leaves scabrous on both sides with fascicled hairs ; and the former, smoo'
and opaque above, and harsh underneath. As we have no means of ascertaining
whether ms in Wall. L. n. 952. b, be the D. turbinatus of Roxburgh or of
ner, we shall here insert both. i

Horea. DIPTEROCARPEÆ. 85

* 302. (1) D. levis (Ham. :) young branches compressed, 2-edged: leaves
ovate or oblong-ovate, retuse at the base, acute, shining on both sides, with
numerous prominent veins: petioles glabrous: tube of the enlarged calyx
slightly ventricose but scarcely contracted below the limb, even (without an-
gles) : capsule ovate, even.— Ham. in Wern. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 299.—D. turbi-
natus, Roxb. Cor. 3. t. 213; fl. Ind. 2. p. 612; Wall. L. n. 952. a.

* 303. (2) D. turbinatus (Geertn.:) young branches terete: leaves ovate,
acute, pubescent on both sides, but particularly towards the margin, with nu-
merous slightly prominent veins: petioles pubescent: tube of the enlarged
calyx turbinate, much contracted below the limb, even (without angles) : cap-
sule ovate, marked with 6 (occasionally 8) furrows.—Gertn. fr. 3. p. 51. t.
188; Ham. in Wern. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 399 ; Moon? cat. Ceyl. pl. p. 42.—Ca-
ryolobis indica, Gertn.? fr. t. 45. ` pu

This species yields almost no oil, and is used in Chittagong for the con-
struction of litters: D. lævis yields abundance of oil.

IV. HOPEA, Roxb.

Sepals 5, two or sometimes three of them afterwards enlarging into long
wings. Corolla of one piece (gamopetalous) ; tube campanulate ; segments
of the limb oblique, linear, oblong, spreading, twisted. Stamens 15: filaments
10, alternately simple and bifid: anthers 15; cells short, obtuse ; connecti-
Yum produced beyond the cells into a longish deciduous bristle. Ovarium
3-celled, with two pendulous ovules in each cell. Seed solitary: radicle su-
perior — Trees, Leaves entire, often with glands in the axils of the nerves.
Panicles axillary or terminal, composed of alternate bifarious ramifications.
Flowers small, yellow, fragrant, secund and nearly sessile on the branches of
the panicle. j

Dammara Selanica, Rumph. Amb. 2. p. 168. t. 56, or Unona ? Selanica, DC. prod.

l. p. 96, certainly belongs to this genus, notwithstanding it differs from all the other
*pecies by 3, not 2, of the sepals becoming enlarged.

304. (1) H. Wightiana (Wall.:) leaves ovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous:
branches of the panicle and calyx glabrous : two of the segments of the fruc-

erous calyx expanded into wings, oblong, obtuse: capsule oblong-ovate,
acute.— Wall. ! L. n. 6295 ; Wight ! cat. n. 961.

305. (2) H. glabra (W. & A. :) young branches and petioles glabrous:
leaves oblong, acuminated, without glands in the axils of the nerves beneath:
Panicles axillary and terminal, several together, longer than the leaves, gla-
brous; peduncles compressed.— Wight ! cat. n. 360.

; Specimens are exceedingly imperfect, but we can scarcely refer them
to H. Wightiana, although in the absence of fruit the chief difference lies in
the glabrous, not pubescent, young branches, and much narrower leaves. __

ORDER XXVIII. TERNSTR(OEMIACEJE. Mirb.

Sepals 3-5, concave, coriaceous, persistent, the innermost often the
gest: wstivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous or very rarely (in
eya) perigynous, 5 (rarely more or fewer), often combined at

the base, alternate with the sepals. Stamens inserted with the petals,
indefinite : filaments often cohering at the base into 1 or more parcels,
and united to the petals. ` Ovary ovate, plurilocular, usually sessile on
a discoid torus: ovules 2 or more in each cell; styles 2-7, distinct or

86 TERNSTR(EMIACE £. Evrya.

more or less combined. Fruit 2~-5-celled, coriaceous and indehis-
cent, or capsular and opening by valves. Seeds few and large, rarely
numerous, sometimes arillate. Albumen fleshy or wanting. Embryo
either straight, or bent, or folded back : radicle usually long and slender,
turned towards the hilum: cotyledons large, oblong, sometimes longi-
tudinally plaited, often containing oil_—Leaves alternate, coriaceous,
exstipulate, now and then pellucido-punctate. Petioles jointed at the
base. Peduncles axillary and terminal. Flowers usually handsome.

In addition to the ua Dr Wallich (L. n. 3723.) enumerates Ternstremia
crenulata from the Herb. Madr., with which we are not acquainted.

I. EURYA. Thunb.

Flowers polygamous or diccious. Calyx 5-partite, with 2 bracteoles at
its base. Petals 5, more or less united at its base into a gamopetalous co-
rolla, opposite to the segments of the calyx: sestivation imbricated. Stamens
12-15, or more, attached to the base of the corolla in a single series: fila-
ments distinct : anthers adnate, dehiscing longitudinally, often terminated by
a short point formed by the excurrent connectivum. Disk none under the
ovary. Styles 3-5, distinct almost from the base, or united to near the apex.
Stigmas 2-5, distinct. Fruit baccate, indehiscent, 2-5-celled, many-seeded.
Seeds several in each cell, in a double series, with a shining crustaceous dot-
ted testa: albumen none: embryo cylindrical, uncinate.— Evergreen shrubs,
with axillary peduncles. Flowers small, white.

306. (1) E. Wightiana (Wall. :) ultimate branches glabrous : leaves cuneate-
obovate, with a short blunt point, entire towards the base, sharply serrated
upwards, glabrous: Vati de 1-3 together, very short: styles 3, united to
near the apex into one bearing 3 stigmas.—Wall.! L. n. 3662; Wight! cat.
n. 297.—E. fasciculata, Wall. ! L. n. 4399?

We cannot distinguish the Silhet plant from ours ; but, as the specimen in

pe mme herbarium is imperfect, we prefer leaving it with a mark of
ou

307. (2) E. tristyla (W. & A. :) ultimate branches glabrous: leaves oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, cuneate and entire at the base, sharply serrated up-
wards, glabrous: peduncles 1-3 together, very short: styles 3, distinet.—
Wight ! cat. n. 298.—Geeria glabra, Blume. ,

308. (3) E. angustifolia (Wall.:) ultimate branches hairy: leaves linear-
lanceolate, acuminated, sharply serrated upwards, under side of young ones
sprinkled with hairs ; midrib beneath pubescent: flowers 2-3 together in the

axils of the leaves, nearly sessile: styles combined.—Wall.! L. n. 1465
Wight ! cat. n. 963. 4 - Wall. ! n. 1405;

We are uncertain whence the specimen in Dr Wight’s herbarium was ob-
tained. It seems to us to present no essential difference from Wallich’s plant
in Mr Arnott's herbarium ; but as Wallich's is from Penang, perhaps the pre-
sent species may be E. bifaria, Wall. "

t 309. (4) E. bifaria (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 3721. `

II. CLEYERA. Thunb. :

Calyx of 5 sepals, with 2 bracteoles at the base. Petals 5, distinct, with à
broad base, alternate with the sepals: sestivation imbricated. Stamens dis-
tinct, adhering to the base of the petals: anthers adnate, linear, dehiscing

COCHLOSPERMUM. i TERNSTR(EMIACE E. 87

longitudinally. Style single, crowned by 2-3 stigmas. Fruit baccate, 2-3-
celled. Seeds 2 in each cell, pendulous from the summit of the axis, wing-
less: albumen fleshy : embryo curved.—Evergreen shrubs with axillary pe-
duncles. Flowers of a moderate size, white or yellowish. '

310. (1) C. gymnanthera (W. & A.:) glabrous: leaves cuneate-obovate,
obtuse or shortly and obtusely pointed, coriaceous, entire: peduncles twice
as long as the petioles, 2-edged: bracteoles persistent: anthers dotted with
little points on the connectivum, without bristles.— Wight ! cat. n. 300.

Formerly sent to Dr Wallich, marked “ Mesua?” but we do not find it
noticed in his List. It is closely allied to C. ochnacea 8, DC., and Wall. ! L.
n. 1460 (C. ochnoides and C. Lushia of G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 566), but
the flowers in that species are smaller, the bracteoles caducous, and its an-
thers retrorsely hispid. C. Millettii, Hook. and Arn. in Bot. Beech. Voy.
P. er is also readily distinguished by bristles on the anthers pointing up-
wards.

IIT. COCHLOSPERMUM, Kunth.

Calyx of 5 oval, oblong, unequal sepals, at length reflexed; the two exte-
rior smaller: bracteoles none. Petals 5, emarginate, unequal-sided : sestiva-
tion twisted. Stamens numerous : anthers linear-acuminated, attached by the
base, opening by a pore at the apex. Ovary seated on an elevated disk.
Styles united to the apex into one long and filiform. Capsules shortly obo-
vate, 3-5-celled, 3-5-valved: valves bearing incomplete dissepiments in the
middle, Seeds numerous, somewhat reniform, covered with cotton: albumen
fleshy : embryo slender.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves lobed. Flowers large,
yellow, panicled, with the peduncles jointed at the base.

311. (1) C. Gossypium (DC. :) leaves palmately 5-lobed ; lobes acumina-

» quite entire ; upper side becoming glabrous; under tomentose.—DC.
prod. 1. p. 527; Spr. syst. 2. p. 596; Wall.! L.n. 1843; Wight! in Hook.
bot. misc. 2, suppl. t. 18; Wight! cat. n. 301.—Bombax Gossypium, Linn. ;
ex eri 5. t. 157; Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 661.——Coromandel. Tra-

re.

IV. GORDONIA. Ellis.

Calyx of 5 rounded coriaceous outwardly-silky sepals, with similar exter-
nal deciduous bracteoles. Petals 5, connected togetherat the base. Stamens
numerous: filaments united at the base with the claws of the petals (and
hence monadelphous or somewhat 5-adelphous, according to the degree of
union among the claws of the petals): anthers ovate, oscillatory. Styles com-
bined to the apex, crowned with a peltate 4-5-lobed stigma. Capsules 4-5-
celled, 4-5-valved, loculicidal. Seeds 2-4 in each cell, attached to the cen-
tral column, terminated by a leafy wing: albumen none: embryo straight :
radicle oblong: cotyledons foliaceous, wrinkled and plaited lengthwise —
Trees or shrubs, with the appearance of Camellia or Thea. Peduncles axil-

> 1-flowered.

312. (1) G. obtusa ball :) leaves cuneate-oblong, obtuse or with a blunt
acumination, with shallow serratures, glabrous: peduncles short, not so long
as the petioles: petals obcordate, slightly united at the base: stamens some-
= pentadelphous.— Wall. ! L. n. 1459; Wight ! cat. n. 342.——Neelgher-

88 OLACINEJE. Orax.

ORDER XXIX.—OLACINEJE. Mirb.

Calyx small, of one piece, entire or toothed, often finally becoming
large. Petals hypogynous, 3-6, distinct or adhering in pairs : æstiva-
tion valvate. Stamens hypogynous or combined with the petals, (fer-
tile) definite, 3-10, opposite to the petals when symmetrical, or all or
partly alternate when not symmetrical, sometimes mixed with others
that are sterile and opposite to the petals: filaments compressed: an-
thers erect, bilocular, bursting longitudinally. Ovarium 1-3-4-celled :
ovules 3-4, pendulous from the top of a central placenta, or from the
apex of the cells: style simple: stigma 3-4-lobed. . Fruit drupaceous,
indehiscent, often surrounded by the enlarged calyx, 1-celled, 1-seeded.

Seed usually pendulous. Albumen copious, fleshy. Embryo with the -

radicle next the hilum.—Leaves simple, alternate, exstipulate, some-
times abortive. ,

The stamens in this order are normally twice as many as the petals, and are
placed in pairs opposite to them, as in Ximenia and Heisteria : half of them are
sometimes sterile, as in Pseudaleia, in which genus the petals adhere in pairs to the
very top. The fertile and sterile do not alternate Kw , but by pairs. When the
petals are combined, the fertile stamens are sometimes reduced in number as in Ola;
single filaments bearing single anthers (not double filaments with 4-celled anthers,
as might have been expected,) taking occasionally the place of two contiguous fer-

` tile ones, assist to unite the corresponding petals to ether ; the broad filament be-
ing applied partly along the margins of both: in O. Wightiana, we observe a
recurrence to the normal or symmetrical state, there bein occasionally 4 fertile sta-
mens in the flower, two of them belay placed as in Ps leia, one within the mar-
gin of each of the two contiguous combined petals, nearly where a single one is found
in the usual state of the species of Olax.

I. OLAX. - Linn. ; Gertn. fr. 8. t. 201.

Calyx entire, small whilst flowering. Petals 5, four united by pairs to the `

middle, and the fifth distinct ; or occasionally 6, and all united by pairs.
Fertile stamens 3, occasionally 4 or 5 ; anthers ovate, versatile: sterile ones
as many as the petals: both kinds combined with the petals to about half

. their length. Ovarium 1-celled, with 3 pendulous ovules. Style elongated.
Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a dry 1-seeded drupe, contained within the free, en-
larged, cup-shaped, dry calyx: nut crustaceous. Seed umbilicated, and
slightly 3-lobed at the base. Embryo at the end of the albumen next the
style: radiele superior—Trees or shrubs. Leaves quite entire.

Brown (prod. fl. Nov. Holl. p. 357), and Ach. Richard (Dict. class. d'Hist. Nat-),
attribute to this genus a cylindrical embryo in the axis of the albumen: we also find
a cavity in the axis, but it seems to us filled with camphor, while the embryo is mi-
nute in another apparently distinct and small cavitv: but the fruit before us is not

uite ripe. Olax, such as we have described it, has all the stamens epipetalous : the
ew Holland species, if De Candolle be correct, has one, at least, of the stamens
hypogynous, and the peduncles 1-flowered; but if Spermaxyrum be kept a distinct
m for them, it cannot contain O. nana, Wall.! L. n. 6783, which has a similar ha-

t, and also 1-flowered peduncles, but has often 6 petals, and the epipetalous sta-
mens and bifid sterile anthers of the other E. Indian species.

t 313. O. Zeylanica (Linn.:) arborescent, erect : young branches acutely
angled, glabrous, transversely rugulose: leaves glabrous, ovate-acumin :

racemes axillary, few-flowered: pedicels short: sterile filaments with their -

XIMENIA. . OLACINEÆ. — 89 .

upper part (sterile anthers) bifid.— DC. prod. 1. p. 532 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 175;
Wall. L. n. 6776 ; Wight ! cat. n. 302.

314. (2) O. scandens (Roxb. :) large climbing shrub: thorns here and there
on the old woody parts : branches terete, young ones pubescent : leaves oval,
usually more or less pubescent on the under side: racemes axillary, solitary,
pubescent, simple: pedicels at first much shorter than the subtending bractea,
at length scarcely twice as long: petals occasionally 6, usually 5: sterile.
stamens with their upper part (the sterile anther) bifid.— Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 102;
Jl. Ind. 1. p. 162; Roxb. and Wall. Jt. Ind. 1. p. 168; Wall.! L. n. 6774;
Wight! cat. n. 303.—0O. Bador, Ham:! in Wall. L.n. 6778.—O. Psittacorum,
Vahl, en. p. 34 (as to his second variety ).—O. obtusa, Blume ?—Roxburghia
baccata, Koen. Coromandel.

315. (3) O. Wightiana (Wall. :) branches terete, glabrous: leaves ovate or
oblong, quite glabrous ; upper side shining, under pale: racemes axillary,
often several together, lax, usually compound: pedicels always many times
longer than the subtending bractea: petals usually 5: sterile anthers, bifid —
Wall.! L. n. 6779 ; Wight ! cat. n. 304,— O0. Psittacorum, Vahl en. 2. p. 33 (as
to the Ceylon plant and greater part of the descr.)—— Southern provinces.

Readily distinguished from the two former by the lax racemes, and flowers
double the size. In this one the pedicels seem to be inserted on the pedun-
cles without order, and are never imbricated with bracteas longer than them-
selves: in the other two the pedicels are distichously inserted, close, and
covered each with a bractea, although the regular “ bifariously imbricated

appearance (compared by Roxburgh, under O. imbricata, to the spikelets of a
Briza) be not readily perceived owing to the lower pedicels in each raceme
being in fruit, before the upper flowers expand. In all the three species the
sterile anthers are cleft to the middle, the segments parallel and close to each .
other, and by no means as they are represented by Roxburgh (Cor. t. 102).
Fissila Psittacorum, Lam. ill. t. 28, appears to differ from O. Wightiana, by
the entire sterile anthers. —

+316. (4) O. lucida (Heyne.)— Wall. L. n. 6777.
+317. (5) O. Heyneana (Wall.)—Wall.! L. n. 6780.

nei II. XIMENIA. Plum.; Linni; Lam. ill. t. 257.

Calyx small, 4- (or:5-?) cleft, persistent but not enlarging. Petals as
many as the segments of the calyx, very hairy on the inside, connivent at the
» revolute above. Stamens twice as many as the petals, hypogynous, all
fertile: filaments distinct or occasionally united by pairs: anthers distinct,
adnate, linear, elongated. Ovary 4-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell. Style
elongated. - Fruit drupaceous, 1-seeded.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves ovate or
ceolate, quite entire.

318. (1) X. americana (Linn.:) shrubby: thorns axillary or terminating

the branchlets, solitary, bearing occasionally leaves or flowers or sometimes

smaller thorns: leaves oval, emarginate : peduncles 4-6-flowered: drupe oval;

flesh thick ; nut crustaceous.—DC. prod. 1. p. 253 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 216 ; Lam.

ll. t. 257. f.1. and 2; Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 252; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 209.—
- Russeliana, Wall. I.. n. 6784. |

t319. (2) X.? olacioides (W. & A.:) shrubby, unarmed?: leaves ovate,
acuminated : fruits racemose, nearly globose : drupes dry, crustaceous, with-
out any flesh, marked at the base with the remains of the 5 teeth or segments
of the calyx: albumen amygdaloid : embryo cylindrical, slender, in the axis
of the albumen and of nearly the same length: cotyledons semi-terete, long,
Conferruminate: radicle short, obtuse, superior.— Wight ! cat. n. 962
` As we have not seen the flower, we dare not make of this a distinct genus,

90 AURANTIACE E. : ATALANTIA.

although the 5 calycine teeth (not 4, as in all the other species) and struc-
ture of the drupe evidently declare it to be so.

" ORDER XXX.—AURANTIACE/E. Corr.

Calyx urceolate or campanulate, short, 3-5 toothed, withering. Pe-
tals 3-5, broad at the base, inserted on the outside of an hypogynous
disk: zstivation slightly imbricative. Stamens equal in number to, or
a multiple of, the petals, inserted upon the disk: filaments flattened
below, and there distinct or monadelphons or polyadelphous : anthers
versatile, bursting inwards. Torus conspicuous, discoid. Ovarium
plurilocular: style 1: stigma 1, somewhat lobed, thickish. Fruit (an
orange) consisting of several (or 1, by abortion,) membranaceous car-
pels, with or without an internal pulp, and surrounded by a thickish in-
dehiscent rind abounding in glands of volatile oil. Seeds attached to
the inner angle of the carpels, solitary or numerous, usually pendulous :
raphe and chalaza usually very conspicuous. Albumen none. Embryo
straight : radicle next the hilum, partly concealed within the cotyledons :
cotyledons large, thick, and amygdaline.— Trees or shrubs, every part
abounding in glands full of volatile oil. Leaves alternate, usually com-
pound ; leaflets jointed with the petiole, which is often dilated or wing-
, ed: when apparently simple the leaves are also jointed, showing that
they are even then pinnate leaves reduced to the terminal leaflet.

To enable the reader to seize more di pei d the characters we have given of the
genera of this order, we subjoin an analysis of those having stamina twice as many
as the petals, and a definite number of ovules in each cell of the ovary.

O vules solitary, or 2-collateral in each cell. LIMONEÆ.
Ovary cells as many as the petals :

Filaments combined. : 1. Atalantia.

ee —
tamon Ti LOU SS ut ue or 3 ys S PRA
Stamens 8-10.
Style elongated ; arabes 1-2 in each cell). . . 3. Limonia.
Style short, scarcely distinguishable : (ovules solitary). 4. Glycosmis.

Ovary cells fewer than the petals :
Style short, scarcely distinguishable ; ovules 1-2 pendu- E
lous from the apex ofthe cells. . . . . - 5. Selerostylis.
Style elongated; ovules solitary, peritropal, attached to
the middle of the axis. $ : i i 2 6. Bergera.

Ovules in pairs, one above the other. CLAUSENE#.
Filaments distinct :
Ovary cells fewer than the petals. : 3 x 7. Murraya.
Ovary cells as many as the petals ;
Ovary hirsute; berry full of liquid ; flower-buds angled. 8. Cookia.
Ovary glabrous; berry dryish ; flower-buds not angled ;
Stamens 8, dilated part of filaments concave ; petals
oval. . . wl . S a i : 9. Clausena.
Stamens 10, filaments flat ; petals linear-lanceolate. Micromelum.
Filaments (8) combined to the middle; (anthers linear:
ovarium 2-3-celled: style long: berry 2-3.celled with
a resinous pulp : calyx tubular: petat 4.) SUNT:

I. ATALANTIA. Corr.

Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10: filaments combined. be-
low into a tube, dt and subulate at the apex; anthers cordate-ovate-

Luvunga-

TRIPHASIA. AURANTIACEA, 9T

Ovarium globular, usually 4-celled: ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, and
near the base of the cell. Style as long as the staminal tube. Stigma 3-4-
lobed. Berry globose, 3-4-celled, 3—4-seeded.— Thorny shrubs, with simple
leaves, flowers axillary and terminal;

320. (1) A. monophylla (DC. :) thorns small: leaves ovate or oblong, more
or less emarginate at the apex: racemes short, sessile ; pedicels long, slender:
flower-buds oblong-pear-shaped.— DC. prod. 1. p.535; Wall.! L. n. 6353.—
Limonia monophylla, Linn.; Willd. sp. 2. p. 571 3 Roxb. cor. 1. t. 82 ; fl. Ind.
2. p. 378.—Turrea virens, Ken!; Hellen. act. Holm. 1788. t. 10. f. 1 (not
Linn.)—Trichilia spinosa, Willd. sp. 2. p. 554; DC. prod. 1. p. 623; Spr.
Syst. 3. p. 69.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 12 3 Burm. Zeyl. t. 65. f. 1; Rumph. Amb.
2. t. 31?—«; raceme umbelliform, rachis almost wanting.— Wight! cat. n.
313.a.—58 ; raceme lax, with an evident rachis.— Wight ! cat. n. 313. 5. ——
Malabar and Coromandel.

Roxburgh's figure belongs to our æ, but a raceme is introduced, perhaps by
yg corresponding to £. The figures in Rheede and Burmann are those
of z, : ;

321. (2) A. racemosa (W. & A.:) thorns large: leaves ovate or oblong,
more or less emarginate : racemes longish, stalked: pedicels short: flower-
buds globose.— Wight ! cat. n. 314.—Southern provinces. gon

322. (3) A. capitellata (Lindl.)—Wall.! L. n. 6355.

II. TRIPHASIA. Lour.

Flowers and carpels symmetrical, in a ternary proportion. Calyx 3-cleft.
Petals 3. Stamens 6: filaments distinct, subulate, the lower part broad and
flat: anthers cordate-oblong. Torus slightly elevated, forming a short stalk
to the ovary. Ovary obovate, glabrous, 3-celled, with 1 pendulous ovule in
each cell. Style longish, thick. Stigma obtuse. Fruit baccate, 1-3-celled.
Seeds 1 in each cell, surrounded with mucilage : cotyledons lobed.—Thorny
shrubs with simple or ternate leaves.

Occasionally fi in which a third part is added, or even taken away.

' but the at iis io jene We feel almost inclined however to unite
it with the Linnean Limonia. We exclude T. sarmentosa, Bl., a plant, if the de-
Scription be correct, more allied to Sclerostylis, if not a new genus. "The only cer-

species of the genus is the following.

*323. (1) T. trifoliata (DC.:) leaves 3-foliate ; leaflets ovate, retuse, cre-
nated from about the middle and upwards, lateral ones the smaller.—DC.
prod. 1. p. 536; Spr. syst. 2. p. 133; Wight! cat. n. 312.—T. aurantiola,

7.5 Wall.! L.n. 6381.—Limonia trifoliata, Linn.! ; Burm. Ind.t.35.f.1 d
Lam, ill. t. 353. J. 2.—L. diacantha, DC. i. c. In gardens only: probably
Introduced from China.

III. LIMONIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 353.
Flowers and carpels symmetrical, in a quaternary or quinary proportion.
Calyx 4-5. cleft, Padi. Stime 610: Frid distinet, subulate,
dest and flat below. Anthers cordate-oblong. Torus elevated, forming
à short stalk to the ovary. Ovarium obovate, 4-5-celled, glabrous, with 1-2
collateral pendulous ovules from the top of each cell. Style elongated.
Stigma obtuse. Fruit baceate, 4—5- (or fewer by abortion) celled; seeds
solitary in each cell, surrounded with mucilage.—Shrubs or trees. Leaves
Simple, 3-foliate, or pinnate.
Citrus angulata, Willd. (Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 32) belongs obviously to this genus.

92 AURANTIACE. GLycosmis.

$ 1. Cells of ovary with one ovule. L. verc.

324. (1) L. acidissima (Linn.:) spines solitary: leaves pinnate, with 2-3-
pair of leaflets and an odd one ; leaflets oblong, retuse, crenated: petioles
broadly winged: flowers corymbose ; corymb umbelliform, peduncled, 2-3
together from the axils of the fallen leaves: pedicels equal to the peduncles :
petals 4, oblong: stamens 8: fruit 1—4-celled, globose.— DC. prod. 1. p. 536;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 314; Lam. ill. t. 353. f. 1; Wight! cat. n. 321.—L. crenulata,
Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 86; fl. Ind. 2. p. 381; DC. prod. l.c; spr. syst: l. c ; Wall.!
L. n. 6364.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 14.

$ 2. Cells of ovary with two collateral pendulous ovules. L. spurise.

` 825. (2) L. alata (Herb. Madr. :) unarmed ?: leaves 3-foliolata leaflets cu-
neate-obovate, quite entire: petioles slightly winged: flowers in small pa-

' nicles ; ultimate pedicels short: petals 5, broadly oval: stamens 10: fruit
globose.—Wall.! L. n. 6363 ; Wight! cat. n. 324. Foot of the Neelgherries..
Common in Ceylon.

` 926. (3) L. Missionis (Wall.:) spines solitary, or in pairs: leaves simple,
elliptic-oblong, shortly petioled: racemes in the axils of the spines, many-
flowered, somewhat capitate, much shorter than the leaves: fruit 4—5-celled.
—MWall.! L. n. 6358; Wight! in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 291. suppl. t. 33;
eat, n. 324. Tanjore. -

IV. GLYCOSMIS. Corr.

. Flowers and carpels symmetrical, in a quinary or quaternary proportion.
Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10, alternate ones shorter: fila-
ments distinet, broader and flat below, tapering upwards: anthers cordate-
oblong. Torus discoid and glandular, more or less elevated in the centre
and forming a stalk to the ovary. Ovarium ovate, 4-5-celled, with 1 ovule
pendulous from the apex of each cell. Style conical, very short and thick,
scarcely distinguishable from the apex of the ovary. Stigma somewhat lobed.
Fruit globose, baccate, by abortion 1-2-celled, with 1 seed in each cell.—.
Thornless shrubs or trees. Leaves pinnate, leaflets alternate.
In the true species, the seeds are surrounded by little or no mucilage. This
pon Ponape y to be distinguished from our first section of the last by its style;
y which character Limonia citrifolia Roxb. approaches to it, but having simple leaves,

and 2 ovules in each cell, may form the type of anew genus. Roxburgh’s L. mi
gyna (f. Ind. 2. p. 382), an arborescent padi with Mors hing rtrd the Circars

$ 1. Seeds dry, or surrounded by a little mucilage. G. verse.

327. (1) G. arborea (DC. :) a small tree: leaves pinnate; leaflets 3-7, al-
ternate, oblong-lanceolate, toothed or serrated, or. quite entire: panicles
large: petals oval, glabrous: staminal filaments subulate : ovary and fruit
Lm prod. 1. p. 538; Spr. syst. 2. p.914; Wall! L. n. 6319;
ight! cat. n. 318.—Limonia arborea, Roxb.! cor. 1. t. 85; fl. Ind. 2. p. 381-
— —Circars. :
The seeds are usually dry, but are occasionally accompanied with a small
quantity of mucilare. We have not seen the blossom ourselves: Roxb
teprcsents the filaments subulate, but he says in his description that the
whole parts of the flower are the same as in the next: if so, there is.no
character to separate them. We cannot distinguish G. macrophylla 6 of
Lindley in Wall. ! L. n. 6377: we do not know his yar, z. d

*

ScLEROSTYLIS. AURANTIACE X. 93 —

328. (2) G. pentaphylla (DC.:) shrubby: leaves pinnate; leaflets 3-5,
oblong or oblong-lanceolate, quite entire or toothed: panicles contracted :
petals glabrous, broadly oval: filaments linear, broader upwards, suddenly
‚contracted and subulate immediately below the anther: ovary glabrous.—
DC. prod. 1. p. 538; Spr. syst. 2. p. 314; Wall.! L. n. 6374; Wight! cat.
n. 317.—Limonia pentaphylla, Retz? ; Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 84 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 381.

We have not the mature fruit before us: Roxburgh says it is a pulpy
berry, which seems to imply that it contains mucilage; but this we are in-
clined to doubt. Allour specimens have the leaves much more narrow, and
larger than in Roxburgh's figure. à

329. (3) G. nitida (W. & A.:) shrubby: leaves pinnate ; leaflets 3-6, al-
ternate or usually nearly opposite, oblong or oblong-lanceolate, quite entire,
coriaceous, shining above: racemes simple or compound, short : petals gla-
brous, frequently 4: filaments linear and flat to near the apex, acuminated
below the anthers: ovary and fruit glabrous.— Wight! cat. n. 319. -
` Were it not that the parts of the flowers in our specimens were usually in
& quaternary proportion, and the filaments different, we should have fixed on
this as the species figured by Roxburgh as Lim. pentaphylla : the leaflets are
generally of the same shape and size, but we have never found them more
than three in a leaf. The seeds have no mucilage.

330. (4) G. triphylla (Wight:) shrubby: leaves pinnate ; leaflets 2-3,
rarely 4, elliptical, usually tapering suddenly at both ends but with an obtuse
point, quite entire: racemes usually compound, somewhat capitate: petals
oblong-lanceolate, glabrous: filaments subulate from the base: ovary on a
longish stalk, and. fruit glabrous.— Wight! in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 298.
suppl. t. 39 ; cat. n. 320.—— Tanjore.

331. (5) G. angustifolia (Lindl.:) shrubby: leaves pinnate ; leaflets 2-5,
ibis Ü poss; UN Nec obtusely acuminated, shining above,
quite entire: racemes short, compound: petals oval, glabrous: filaments
subulate from the base: ovary and fruit glabrous.—Lindi. in Wall.! L. n.
6378; Wight! cat. n. 315.

$ 2. Seeds surrounded by much mucilage. G. spurise.

332. (6) G. chylocarpa (W. & A.:) shrubby: leaves pinnate; leaflets
about 5, alternate; oblong, shortly tapering at both ends, shinin above, quite
entire: racemes compound, short: ovary distinctly stalked and fruit glabrous:
perry 1-celled, 1-seeded ; seed-coat membranaceous, glandular.— Wight! cat.
n. 316, ,

: Sent to Dr Wallich, but not noticed, that we can trace, in his List. This
approaches very closely to Roxburgh's figure of Lim. pentaphylla: the leaflets
are about the same size, and the fruit corresponds to his description, except
being smaller, scarcely in the present species exceeding the size of a small

V. SCLEROSTYLIS. Blume.

Flowers and carpels unsymmetrical. Calyx small, 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5.
Stamens 8-10, alternate ones shorter: filaments broader and flat below, ta-
Pering upwards: anthers cordate. Ovarium with 2-3 cells, (fewer than the
petals): ovules 1 , or 2 collateral, in each cell. Style very short and thick,
Scarcely distinguishable from the ovary. Stigma obtuse. Fruit globose,

ccate, 1-2-celled, 1-2-sceded. Seed-coat membranaceous, veined.—

bs with simple or pinnate glabrous leaves.

Blume adds that the fruit is a dry berry, which part of the character we omit in

n

order to include the species about to be described. Amyris simplicifolia, Roxb. fl.
nd. 2. p. 244, appears to belong to this genus.

333. (1) S. atalantioides (W. & A.:) armed with solitary strong spines:

*

*

94 : AURANTIACE X. BERGERA.

leaves simple, short petioled, elliptic, emarginate, shining, crenulated: ra-
cemes small, few flowered, axillary and terminal: petals 5, oblong; stamens
10: ovary with 2, rarely 3, cells: ovules solitary: berries succulent, 2-celled.
—]L. bilocularis, Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 877.—Atalantia? bilocularis, Wall.! L.
n. 6356.—— —Coromandel ;, Dr Berry.

Resembling Atalantia monophylla, but smaller: no one appears to have
found it but Dr Berry, who sent it in 1807 to the Bot. Garden at Calcutta.

VI. BERGERA. Koen.

Flowers and carpels unsymmetrical. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, spreading.
Stamens 10: filaments distinct, subulate, compressed below: anthers ovate.
Ovarium oval, 2-celled, with 1 ovule in each cell, attached by its middle to
the middle of the axis. Style elongated, thick. Fruit baccate, usually 1-
celled and 1-seeded. Seed surrounded with mucilage: seed-coat membra-
naceous, glabrous : cotyledons glabrous, conspicuously auricled at their base:
radicle villous.—Small tree with pinnate leaves.

We exclude B. integerrima, Ham. ! (Roxb. in fl. Ind. 2. p. 376, and E. I. C. mus.
tab. 1241), a plant with a thick clavate style, large obtuse stigma, 5-celled ovary, having
2 ovules, one above the other in each cell, and an usually 2-celled, 2-seeded berry,
and belonging to Micromelum of Blume, if indeed it be not identical with his M.
pubescens. e do not know B. villosa, Wall. L. n. 6372.

334. (1) B. Koenigii (Linn.:) leaflets alternate, ovate, acuminated, ser-
rated, pubescent: panicles corymbiform, terminal—DC. prod. 1. p. 531;
Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 112; Wall.! T.. n. 6370; Wight! cat. n. 327.—Murraya
Koenigii, Spr. syst. 2. p. 315.

Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 53. f. 1, usually referred here, is an Araliaceous plant,
(Aralia umbraculifera, Roxb.)

VII. MURRAYA. Koen.; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 352.

Flowers and carpels unsymmetrical. Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, conni-
vent to the middle into a tube. Stamens 10: filaments distinct, linear-
subulate: anthers ovate. Ovarium 2-celled: ovules 2, one above the other,
in each cell. Style elongated. Fruit a fleshy berry, 2-, or by abortion, l-
celled ; cells full of coloured fetid liquid. Seeds solitary in each cell: seed-
coat woolly.—Unarmed shrubs with pinnate leaves.

M. longifolia of Blume is distinguished by several characters from this genus.

335. (1) M. exotica (Linn.!:) leaflets 5-7, cuneate-obovate, obtuse or with
a short blunt acumination, coriaceous: peduncles many-flowered, corymbose:
berry globose, usually 1-seeded.— DC. prod. 1. p. 537 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 315;
Lam. ill. t. 352; Rob. fl. Ind. 2. p. 374 (as to the spec. char. only); Wall.!
L. n. 6368.d, h ; Wight! cat. n. 326.—Chalcas Japonensis, Lour. coch. p. 332.
—Marsana buxifolia, Sonn. voy. Ind. 3. t. 139.— Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 18. f. 2.

We are almost inclined to suspect that this only occurs cultivated in the
Peninsula ; at the same time we have specimens before us from Rottlers
herbarium, which are probably the same as those of the Herb. Madr., said by
Wallich to come from Courtallum. We have seen it also in Hamilton's her-
barium from Patna in the western parts of Bengal.

336. (2) M. paniculata (Herb. Sm. !:) leaflets about 5, elliptical-ovate;
shortly tapering with an emarginate point, acute at the base, shining, scarcely
coriaceous, upper leaflets gradually but considerably larger than the lower:
peduncles terminal, several-flowered, corymbose : berry oblong, with usually
2 seeds.— Wight! cat. n. 325.—M. exotica, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 374 (as to the
wild plant, and description) ; in E.T. C. mus. tab. 48 ; Wall. L. n. 6368.¢.—
Chalcas paniculata, Linn.; Lour. coch. p. 931.— —Not uncommon through-

Pa en PEDES REOR Pp MR S Dr M

Crema: AURANTIACE X. gc

out the Peninsula. We have also seen it from Goalpora in Hamilton's her-
barium.

* 337. (3) M. Sumatrana (Roxb.:) leaflets 5-7, ovate, acuminated, with
an emarginate point, shining: peduncles solitary, 1-flowered, terminal, or in
the axils of the upper leaves: berry oblong, usually 2-seeded.—Rowb. fi. Ind.
2, p. 875; Wall. L. n. 6369.—M. paniculata, Jack. Mal. misc. 1. p. 31; in
Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 79; Hook. exot. fl. t. 79.—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 17
(deser. good ; fig. bad as to the leaves).

We doubt extremely that this is a Peninsular species: we have inserted it

' because Wallich states his letter a to be from Heyne's herbarium, but it pro-
bably belongs to our last species: the only certain synonym in Wallich is d.
The two species are certainly very closely allied, but the descriptions in Rum-
phius, Jack, Blume, and Roxburgh, of the plant from the islands, agree in the
above characters.

VIII. COOKIA. Sonn. voy. 2. t. 131; Lam. ill. t. 354.

Flowers and carpels symmetrical. Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals 4—5, oval,
very concave and navicular or almost carinate: flower-buds carinately
angled. Stamens 8-10: filaments distinct, subulate: anthers roundish,
Ovary on a short stalk, covered with glands éach bearing a tuft of hairs, 4-5-
celled: ovules 2, one above the other, in each cell. Style short, thick.
Stigma 4-5-toothed. Fruit globose, baccate, with a thin tough rind, 5-
celled, or by abortion 1-2-celled: cells 1-seeded, filled with a balsamic li-
quid.—Small trees. Leaves pinnate: leaflets alternate or opposite, oblique
at the base. Panicles terminal.

The above char i en from C. punctata and C. graveolens (Amyris gra-
veolens, herb. Ham): C. geom lla, Lindl. in Wall. L.n. 6367, and C. falcata,
DC., are both too little known, its probably belong to quite distinct genera. Amy-
ris pentaphylla, Roxb. (fl. Ind. 2. p. 247, and in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1551), evidently ap-
proaches very closely, but Roxburgh says that there are ** many ovula in each” cell
of the ovary : the flowers, as in C. graveolens, are in the quaternary proportion,

338. (1) C. punctata (Retz:) leaflets in three or four pairs, obliquely
ovate-oblong, acuminated, quite entire, glabrous on both sides, scabrous on
the nerves beneath : petals 5: stamens 10.—DC. prod. 1. p. 537 ; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 814; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 382; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 943; Wall.! L. n. 6366 ;
Wight! cat. n. 305, 365.—Quinaria Lansium, Lour.— Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 55.

Flower-buds at first very minute, as in Rumphius' figure, in which state

e incipient ovary appears quite glabrous: they afterward increase, and the
glands on the ovary become furnished with a tuft of hairs.

IX. CLAUSENA. Burm.; Lam. ill. t. 310.

Flowers and carpels symmetrical. Calyx 4-toothed. Petals 4, oval,
concave, patent: flower-buds globose. Stamens 8, nearly equal: filaments
distinct; below the middle connivent, dilated, and concave and slightly
vaulted, receiving the angles of the ovary ; subulate above : anthers ovate or .
oblong. Torus elevated in the middle into a stalk to the ovary. Ovary 4-
celled, glabrous : ovules 2, one above the other, in each cell. Style cylindri-
cal. Stigma obtuse, entire or 4-lobed. Berry dryish, 1-seeded. Seed-coat
membranaceous.—Shrubs or trees with pinnated leaves, and terminal or axil-

panicles or racemes.
by a fourth part.

The number of parts of the flower are occasionally increased
To this genus ains several of Roxburgh’s species of Amyris (fi. Ind. 2. p. E.I 2»

QUAS (d. Snina, Rosh in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1054), A. ee dei
mus. tab. 1408), 4. suffruticosa (E. I. C. mus. tab. 1409), A. Sumatrana and 4. punc-

L *
$6... AURANTIACER. ` Frronta,

tata (E. I. C. mus. tab. 937). Farther, his A. acuminata (E. I. C. mus. tab. 1831)
appears to be a new genus next Protium; the A. commiphora (A. agallocha of the
hort. Bengh.) a species of Balsamodendron ; his A. simplicifolia and A. pentaphylla,
we have already noticed, so that of the whole genus, not one belongs to Amyris, or
even to the Amyridee as at present defined.
339. (1) C. Willdenowii (W. & A.:) shrubby: young branches, leaves,
and racemes glabrous: leaflets 5-11, alternate, ovate or ovate-acuminated,
Slightly oblique at the base, more or less emarginate at the apex, crenulated ;
lower ones smaller, upper gradually larger and longer: panicles racemiform,
axillary: stamens twice the length of the ovary, equal to the pistillum:
stigma 4-lobed : fruit oblong.—^« ; leaflets oblong-ovate, much acuminated.—
Wight! cat. n. 328. a, 329. a.—Amyris dentata, Willd. sp. 2. p. 337 ; Spr. syst.
2. p. 218.—Icica? dentata, DC. prod. 2. p. 18.—5; leaflets broadly ovate,
scarcely acuminated.— Wight! cat. n. 329. b.—Bergera Koenigii, Wall.! L. n.
6370. d (partly), Chingleput, near Madras. i
Very nearly allied to C. nana, W. & A. (Amyris nana, Roxb.)

340. (2) C. pubescens (W. & A.:) shrubby: young branches, racemes
and petioles densely pubescent: leaflets 7-11, alternate, ovate, acuminated,
slightly oblique at the base, emarginate at the apex, crenulated, pubescent,
particularly on the nerves; lower ones smallest : panicles racemiform, axil-
lary: stamens twice as long as the ovary, equal to the pistillum: stigma 4-
lobed.— Wight! cat. n 328. b.

Our specimen, although imperfect, can searcely be united to the preceding
species: in character it appears to approach more to C. suffruticosa (Am.
suffruticosa, Roxb.), but that has a linear-oblong berry.

X. FERONIA. Corr.

Flowers often polygamous. Calyx flat, 5-toothed. Petals 5 (occasionally
4 or 6), patent. Stamens 10 (occasionally 11): filaments dilated and united
at the base : anthers linear-oblong, tetragonal. Ovary seated on the elevated
disk, 5- (occasionally 6-) celled: ovules numerous in each cell. Style scarce-
ly any. Stigma oblong. Fruit baecate, with a hard rind, 5-celled, many-
seeded. Seeds immersed in a fleshy pulp.— Trees. Leaves pinnated : leaflets |
5-7, nearly quite sessile, obovate, very slightly crenulated, pellucid-dotted
along the margin, inconspicuously so elsewhere ; common petiole slightly
winged. Racemes lax, few-flowered, terminal and axillary. .

341. (1) F. elephantum (Corr. :)—2DC. prod. 1. p. 538; Spr. syst. 2. p. 9313;
Roth. nov. sp. p. 383; Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 141; fl. Ind. 2. p. 411; Wall.! L.n.
6380; Wight! cat. n. 330.—Cratseva Vallanga, Koen.— Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 43.

XI. JEGLE. Corr.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, patent. Stamens
30-40 ; filaments distinct : anthers linear-oblong. Ovary 8-15-celled : ovules
numerous in each cell. Style very short and thick. Stigma capitate. Fruit
' baccate, with a hard rind, 8-15-celled: cells 6-10-seeded. Seed-coat woolly,
covered over with a slimy liquid.—Trees with simple spines. Leaves pin-
nate: leaflets 3, occasionally but very seldom 5, oblong or broad-lanceolate,
crenulated, inconspicuously dotted, unequal, the terminal one the largest.
Peduncles axillary, few-flowered : pedicels long. Flowers large.

342. (1) ZE. Marmelos (Corr. :) middle leaflet petiolate, lateral ones almost
sessile: common petiole terete—DC. prod. 1. p. 588; Spr. syst. 2. p. 598;
Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 143 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 579; Wall! L. n. 6379; Wight! cat. ".
310.—Feronia pellucida, Roth. nov. sp. p. 384; DC. prod. 1. p. 538 ; Spr-

Cirrus. AURANTIACEJE. 97

syst. 2. p. 314.—Crateeva Marmelos,. Linn.— Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 97; Rumph.
Amb. 1. t. 81; Pluk. t. 170. ES Malabar and Coromandel.

. We doubt much if Æ. sepiaria, DC. and Blume, be really a distinct spe-
cies.

XII. CITRUS. Linn. s Lam. ill. t. 639,

Flowers usually in a quinary proportion. Calyx urceolate, 3-5-cleft. Pe-
tals 5-8. Stamens 20-60: filaments compressed at the base, and there more
or less united and polyadelphous: anthers oblong. Ovary many-celled:
ovules 4-8 in each cell, one above the other in a double row, pendulous.
Style terete. Stigma hemispherical. Fruit baccate, 7-9-celled : cells with
several seeds, filled with a fleshy substance composed of numerous irregular
pulpy bags or vesicles, which are mere cellular extensions of the sides of the
carpels.— Trees or shrubs with axillary solitary spines. Leaves reduced to
9ne terminal leaflet jointed with the apex of the petiole: petiole often
winged.

No two botanists are agreed as to what constitutes a species of this widely culti-
vated genus. Linneus admitted only two; one, the citrons and lemons, with the

makes five Species, omitting the shaddock ; they are the citron, lime, lemon, orange,
and De Candolle in his Prodromus follows him entirely. More
x Risso, along with Poiteau, has published a superb work on this genus,

t
These, however, he does not now call species but types or races, and he seems disposed

R y pres by long culture in Asia.” At pe 321, the same botanist concludes with,
e

Would be per i t ss an opinion. We shall, however,
retain the mrs e aee in us to express p ,

343. (1) C. decumana (Linn.:) young shoots pubescent: léaves (large)
9val-oblong, acute or obtuse, coriaceous; petioles long and much winged:

Owers (large, white): fruit (pale yellow) ; rind with flat or convex vesicles
of oil ; pulpy vesicles separate from each other.—DC. prod. 1. p. 539; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 334; Risso and Poit. hist. d Or. t. 61; Wall. L. n. 6388 ; Wight!
eat. n. 306.b.—Rumph. Amb. 9. t. 24. f. 2.— Pompelmoes or Shaddock. `

344. (2) C. Aurantium (Linn.:) young shoots glabrous: petioles more or
less winged, or simple: fruit with the pulpy vesicles concrete.

l. C. Aurantium (Linn.: leaves oval, elongated, acute, sometimes
slightly toothed ( cnm more or less dilated and winged : flowers
White, large: fruit orange-coloured, roundish or ovoid, usually de-
Pressed, rarely terminated by a small knob; rind with convex vesicles
of oil; pulp sweet.—DC. prod. 1. p. 539; Spr. syst. 3. p. 884; Wall.!
L. n. 6390.—C. nobilis, Lour.—Rumph. Amb, 2. t. 34, 85.—— Sweet

_ Orange.

2. C. vulgaris (Risso :) leaves elliptical, acute or acuminated, slightly
toothed: Ber ALS. or less gel: flowers large, white: fruit

_ range-coloured, roundish or slightly elongated or depressed; rind

G

98 : AURANTIACE X. Cris)

with concave: vesicles of oil; pulp acid and bitter—DC. prod. 1. ;
p. 539; Wall.! L. n. 6384; Wight! cat. n. 306. d.—C. buxifolia, Poir.
—Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 33. Bitter or Seville Orange.

3. C. Bergamia (Risso :) leaves oblong, more or less elongated, acute or
obtuse, under side somewhat pale: petiole more or less winged or
margined : flowers usually small, white: fruit pale yellow, pyriform :
or depressed: rind with concave vesicles of oil: pulp more or less |
acid.— Risso and Poit. l c. t. 53; Wight! cat. n. 322.—OC. Limetta,
var. DC. prod. 1. p. 539.—Rumph.? Amb. 2. t. 26. f. 1 (Limo unguen-
tarius, not L. tuberosus); ¢. 26. f. 3 (L. taurinus, not L. unguentarius);

t. 27; t. 28 (L. ventricosus, not L. ferus). Bergamotte or Acid
Lime.

4. C. Limetta (Riss.:) leaves oval or oblong, often toothed: petiole

more or less winged or margined: flowers small, white: fruit pale
yellow, ovoid or roundish, terminated by a knob: rind with concave
vesicles of oil: pulp watery, sweetish, or insipid or slightly bitter—
Sweet Lime.—a ; petioles nearly simple—Riss. and Poit. I. c. t. 57.—
C. Limetta, DC. prod. 1. p. 539; Wall.! L. n. 6385.—6; petioles —.
broadly winged.— Risso and Poit. l. c. t. 59; Wight! cat. n. 306. c.— |
C. hystrix, DC.! prod. 1. p. 539.—C. Limonellus, Wall.! L. n. 63861— |
Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 30.

5. C. Lumia (Risso:) leaves oval or oblong, usually toothed: petiole
simply margined : flowers white tinged with red: fruit yellow, oval-
oblong, terminated by a long knob: rind with convex vesicles of oil;
pulp sweet.—Risso and Poit. 1. c. t. 67, 68, 69.———Sweet Lemon. — .*

6. C. Limonum (Risso:) young branches flexible : leaves oval or oblong;
usually toothed : MÀ simply margined: flowers white tinged
red: fruit yellow, ovoid or rarely globular, terminated by a more or

less elongated knob ; rind with convex vesicles of oil; pulp acid—
DC. prod. 1. p. 589; Wall. L. n. 6389 ; Wight! cat. n. 306. a.—
Rumph.? Amb. 2. t. 26. f. 2 (Limo tuberosus, not L. ventricosus).——

LI

7. C. medica (Linn.:) young branches rigid: leaves oblong, pointed :
petioles simple: flowers white tinged with red: fruit obovoid, deeply
furrowed and wrinkled, terminated by a knob; pulp very slightly
acid.—2DC. prod. 1. p. 539; Spr. syst. 3. p. 334; Wall. L. n. 6381.——
Rumph.? Amb. 2. t. 25, 29— Citron.

ORDER XXXL—HYPERICINEJE. Juss.

Sepals 4—5, distinet or cohering, often unequal, persistent, dotted
with glands: zstivation imbricative. Petals hypogynous, 4-5, often |
dotted with black glands ; veins oblique: sstivation twisted. Stamens
hypogynous, usually very numerous and polyadelphous; rarely as many
or 2-4 times as many as the petals, and monadelphous or quite distinct :
anthers versatile, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary solitary: styles se
veral, rarely connate : stigmas simple, sometimes capitate. Fruit bac-
cate, or capsular with several valves and a septicidal dehiscence, usually

several-celled with the placentz in the axis, sometimes 1-celled with
the placentz nearly parietal. Seeds minute and indefinite, or 1-9 in
each cell. Albumen none, or very rarely (in Sarothra) fleshy. Em-
bryo straight: radicle next the hilum.—Herbaceons shrubby, or arbo-

Hypericum. : HYPERICINEJE, 99

rescent plants, variously and copiously dotted with glands, and having
a resinous juice. Leaves usually opposite and entire, without stipules.
Flowers generally yellow.

I. HYPERICUM. Linn. ; Lam, ill. t. 643.

Sepals 5, more or less connected at the base. Petals 5. Stamens usually
very numerous, united at the base into 3-5 bundles, rarely somewhat distinct.
Styles 3-5, distinct or rarely combined, persistent. Capsule unilocular or

_ With several cells. Membranaceous, 3-5 valved, many-seeded. Seeds round-
ish ; seed-coat double: albumen none: embryo with semicylindrical cotyle-
dons.—Herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite, or very rarely (in
H. alternifolium, Vahl, Wall. L. n. 4806) alternate, sessile or nearly so.
Flowers either solitary, in threes, cymose, corymbosely panicled, or umbel-
late, usually yellow.

345. (1) H. mysurense (Herb. Madr.:) glabrous, shrubby: stem terete ;
young branches 4-angled : leaves opposite, crowded, oblong-lanceolate, ta-
pering at both ends, acute, upper ones semi-amplexicaul, lateral nerves very
slender, unbranched, springing from the midrib at a very acute angle, running
almost straight and parallel to each other nearly to the apex of the leaf ; pellu-
cid dots roundish, oblong, and long-linear ; black dots none: flowers (large)
solitary at the extremities of 1-3 umbellately placed very short leafy branchlets:

* sepals ovate, unequal, entire, almost quite distinct, without black dots: pe-
tals not.dotted : stamens numerous : styles 5, distinct, overtopping the sta-
mens, longer than the ovary: stigmas slightly capitate: capsule 5-celled.—

| Wall.! L. n. 4808 ; Wight ! cat. n. 331.—— Mysore ; Heyne. Neelgherries ;
Notan. Mountainous districts in the southern provinces.

346. (2) H. Hookerianum (W. & A.:) glabrous, shrubby, diffuse: stem
terete ; young branches compressed : leaves opposite, somewhat distant, ob-

hg, obtuse with a muero, contracted at the base with a kind of very short
Petiole ; lateral nerves arching, and anastomosing ; pellueid dots round and
oblong ; black dots none : flowers (large) solitary at the ends of the branches :
sepals roundish-obovate, obtuse, entire, without black dots: petals not dot-
ted: stamens very numerous: styles 5, distinct, overtopping the stamens,
shorter than the ovary : stigmas obtuse : capsule 5-celled.— Wight ! cat. n. 332.
Southern Provinces.

347. (8) H. Japonieum (Thunb.:) perennial, herbaceous, glabrous, decum-
t: stems 4-angled, slender: leaves opposite, sessile, oval, obtuse, 3-
herved at the base; pellucid dots roundish ; black dots none: flowers (very.
small) in a leafy cyme with its branches elongated, simple or once or twice
forked : pedicels slender in the forks of the inflorescence, and alternately in
the axils of the leaves: sepals foliaceous, equal, oblong, entire, 3-nerved,
Without black dots ; pellucid dots in the upper part roundish, in the lower
long-linear : petals free from dots, equal to the calyx: styles 3, clavate,
Spreading : capsule 3-celled.— Thunb. fl. Jap. p. 295. t. 31; DC. prod. 1.
P: O49 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 345 ; Wall.! L. n. 4811 ; Wight! cat. n. 333, 334, 335.
Closely allied to H. humifusum of Europe, having the same appearance
inflorescence, and occupying a very wide range in the East ; specimens

are before us from China and Nepal.

348. (4) H. Wightianum (Wall. :) herbaceous, glabrous, decumbent : stems
terete, slender: leaves ied Mk teas elliptical, crowded below, rather dis-
tant above, fringed at the base and the floral leaves along the margins with
my Tocesses tipped with glands; pellucid dots roundish ; black dots
none: flowers (small) corymbose : sepals €— acute, equal,

G

100 GUTTIFERJE. GARCINIA.

toothed, fringed with bristles tipped with glands ; pellucid dots linear below,
roundish towards the point: petals twice as long as the calyx, with a few
black dots along the margin : styles 3, distinct, somewhat clavate: capsule
3-celled.—Wall.! L. n. 4818; Wight! cat. n. 336. Neelgherries.

A small species not unlike H. Japonicum. We should have considered it
without hesitation as a state of H. Nepalense, Chois. in DC. prod. 1. p. 552
(H. pallens of Don), but Dr Wallich, who collected that plant in Nepal, and
in whose List it seems to be named H. setosum, does not propose to unite
them : we have not seen the Nepal plant.

ORDER XXXIIL—GUTTIFERJE. Juss.

Sepals 2-6, usually persistent, round, frequently unequal, and co-
loured: sestivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous, 4-10. Stamens
hypogynous, indefinite, or rarely definite, distinct or variously united
at the base: filaments unequal: anthers adnate, introrse, or extrorse;
sometimes very small, sometimes unilocular, and sometimes opening by
a pore. Torus fleshy, occasionally 5-lobed. Ovarium solitary, l- or
many-celled : ovules solitary, or several in each cell, erect or ascending ;
or numerous and attached to central placente: style usually none or
very short, seldom conspicuous: stigmas peltate or radiate. Fruit
capsular, or fleshy, or drupaceous, l- or many-celled, l- or many-
seeded, valvular and septicidal, or indehiscent. Seeds definite, in à
pulp, apterous, often arillate: testa thin and membranous. Albumen
none. Embryo straight: radicle small next the hilum : cotyledons large
thick and fleshy, often cohering.— Trees or shrubs, sometimes parasi-
tical: juice resinous. Leaves exstipulate, always opposite, coriaceous, -
with a strong midrib, and many oblique lateral parallel nerves. Flowers
articulated with their peduncle.

I. GARCINIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 405.

Flowers moneecious or dicecious. Sepals 4, persistent, without bracteoles.
Petals 4, deciduous. Marr.—$Stamens numerous, short, inserted on a large
fleshy 4-angled or 4-lobed receptacle with or without an imperfect pistillum: —
anthers 2—celled, bursting longitudinally. Frw.—Stamens 8-30, (always "9
imperfect : filaments distinet, or monadelphous, or 4-adelphous ; the fascicles ——
alternate with the petals, without intermediate fleshy glands: anthers desti- —
tute of pollen, and usually glandular. Ovary 4-10 celled: ovules solitary in :
each cell. Style very short, erowned with a large lobed peltate stigmas ——
Fruit fleshy and juicy, indehiscent, 4—10 celled, crowned with the permanent —
style. Seeds solitary in each cell.—Trees. =
M over Con is a species of this genus, and perhaps identical with G. | E

349. (1) G. Cambogia (Desr. :) leaves lanceolate : flowers terminal, nearly
sessile, solitary: filaments of the female flowers about 16, distinct: Sti
8-10-lobed : fruit 8-10-sulcated, 8-10-seeded.— DC. prod. 1. p. 561; Sp. —
syst. 2. p. 448; Roxb. Cor. 3. t. 298; fl. Ind. 2. p. 621; Wall. L. n. 4896. —
—Cambogia Gutta, Linn.—Mangostana Cambogia, Gertn. fr. t. 103.— Rel.
Mal. 1. t, 24, —— Travancore.

GARCINIA. - : GUTTIFERE. 101

iia have not seen this species : our character is principally from Roxburgh’s
works.

* 350. (2) G. Zeylanica (Roxb. :) leaves lanceolate : flowers axillary and ter-
minal; males about 3-together, on longish pedicels; females solitary, nearly
sessile : filaments in. the fem. distinct, as many as the cells of the ovary: ovary
6-8-suleated : stigma 6-8-lobed, papillose with glands: fruit 6-8-sulcated.—
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 621; Wall. L. n. 4867. Introduced from Ceylon to
the Missionaries Garden at Tranquebar ; Roxburgh. p

351. (3) G. affinis (W. & A.:) leaves lanceolate : flowers axillary and ter-
minal; 1-3 together; male on longish, female on shortish peduncles: fila-
ments in the fem. distinct, as many as the cells of the ovary: ovary deeply
suleated : stigma about 8-lobed, papillose with numerous glands.— Wight !
cat. n. 341.—G. Gutta, Wall.? L. n. 4866.

Closely allied to G. Zeylanica, Roxb., but the female flowers are neither
subsessile nor constantly solitary.

352. (4) G. Cowa (Roxb.:) leaves lanceolate: flowers terminal; male
somewhat umbelled, on longish peduncles ; female solitary, shortly pedun-
cled: filaments of the fem. 4-adelphous, bundles 5-10-cleft : ovary globose :
stigma 4-8-lobed, papillose with glands: fruit 4-8-sulcated, 4-8-seeded,
globular-ovate.— Roxb. /. fl. Ind. 2. p. 622 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 561; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 448 ; Wall. ! L. n. 4863. a, c, d.—Stalagmitis Cowa, G. Don in Mill. diet. 1.
P. 621.—Oxycarpus Gangetica, Ham. ! in Wern. Soc. Trans. 5. p. 344. :

We have not seen Wall. L. n. 4863. b., and so feel uncertain whether this

really a native of the Peninsula. Roxburgh describes G. Cowa with the
female-flowers in umbels of 1, 3, or 5 flowers ; but a specimen in Mr Arnott's
herbarium, named by Roxburgh himself, has them solitary and nearly sessile,
as described in De Candolle’s prodromus. Perhaps Oxycarpus Indica, Pet. Th.
(Garcinia Indica, DC.) is the same with this species, but the fruit is not de-
scribed as furrowed. We do not place dependence on the colour of the
Juice that is procured by tapping the tree, as there is reason to suspect that
this alters according to the season, or the age of the part that is pierced.

353. (5) G. Kydia (Roxb. :) leaves lanceolate : flowers terminal at the ends
9f the branches or of short axillary branches, or axillary ; male about 3 toge-
ther, on longish peduncles ; female solitary, sessile: filaments of the fem.
4-adelphous, two opposite bundles 3-7-cleft, the other two bifid: ovary glo-

* stigma 4-8-lobed, papillose with glands: fruit 6-8-furrowed, 6-8-
Seeded, globose, the apex depressed with a knob in the centre.—Rowb. fi.
Ind. 2. p. 623 ; Wight ! cat. n. 339 (male), 340 (fem.).—G. lancesfolia,
Wall.! L. n. 4861 c. (not Rosb.) ^ - : i

The character from the fruit is taken from Roxburgh, who had his speci-
mens from the Andaman islands; but the rest of our description agrees with -

is. It may, however, prove to be only a variety of G. Cowa, from which |
Roxburgh Says it is “ not to be distinguished except by the female inflores-
ence and shape of the fruit.” i

IL XANTHOCHYMUS. Roxb.

Flowers polygamous or bisexual. Sepals 4-5, persistent, without brac-
teoles. Petals 5, alternate with the sepals. Stamens (in both male and
female flowers) 4-5-adelphous ; bundles flat, elongated and divided at the
apex into several short antheriferous portions, opposite to the petals, alter-
nating with 5 large truncated glands: anthers 2-celled, bursting longitu-
dinally. Ovarium (only in the bisexual flowers) 3-5-celled, with 1 ovule
In each cell, Style scarcely any. Stigma 3-5-lobed. Fruit baccate, 3-5-
| ‚celled. Seeds 1 in each cell, or fewer by abortion —Trees.

~

102 GUTTIFERA. Mzsva.

354. (1) X. pictorius (Roxb.:) leaves linear-lanceolate, shining: flowers
lateral, fascicled, all bisexual: anthers 5-9 to each bundle: ovary 5-celled:
fruit ovate, pointed, 1-4 seeded.—Rowb. Cor. 2. t. 196 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 633;
DC. prod. 1. p. 562; Spr. syst. 2. p. 334; Wall. L. n. 4837 ; Wight! cat. n.
345.—Stalagmitis pictorius, G. Don.—— Circars.

855. (2) X. ovalifolius (Roxb.:) leaves oval, shining : flowers lateral, fasci-
cled, male and bisexual mixed: anthers about 6-8 to each bundle: ovary 3-
celled: fruit oval, 1-3 seeded.—Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 632; Wall.! L. n. 4838;
Wight! cat. n. 346, b.—Stalagmitis ovalifolius, G. Don.—S. cambogioides,
JMoon's cat. Ceyl. pl. p. 73.—Cambogia Gutta, Burm. fl. Ind. (partly).—
Arbor Indica Gummi Guttam fundens, Burm. Zeyl. p. 27.—— Southern Pro-
vinces.

There can be now little doubt of this being the only plant in Ceylon that
yields a gamboge fit for the arts, and that consequently the specific name of
Cambogia Gutta, Linn., ought to have been applied to this species, and not
to Garcinia cambogia.

356. (3) X. spicatus (W. & A. :) leaves oval, shining: male flowers in long
axillary spiciform racemes ; pedicels short : anthers numerous to each bundle
of stamens.— Wight ! cat. n. 346. a.

_ The leaves are precisely those of the last species. We have not seen the
bisexual flowers, but the male have quite the structure of the genus.

III. MESUA, Linn.

Sepals 4, persistent, without bracteoles. Petals 4, alternate with the se-
pals. Stamens very numerous, slightly connected at the base into a fleshy
ring: filaments filiform: anthers erect, 2-celled, bursting longitudinally.
Ovary ovate, 2-celled: ovules 2 in each cell. Style longish: stigma peltate,
entire. Capsule ovate, acute, 1-celled (by the obliteration of the dissepi-
ment), 2-valved, 1-4-seeded. Cotyledons distinct.—A tree, with a straight
slender trunk. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, upper side shining,
under glaucous: midrib and the margins coloured, lateral nerves close, parallel,
almost inconspicuous. Flowers terminal or axillary, large, white. Fruit
about the size of a small apple. SUM

357. (1) M. ferrea (Linn.)— DC. prod. 1. p. 562; Spr. syst. 2. p- 126 Eo

Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 605; in E. T. C. mus. tab. 1080; Wall.! L. n. 4834: Wight
cat. n. 343.—M. speciosa, Chois. in DC. prod. l. c.—Calophyllum Nagassarum,
Burm. Ind. p. 21.—Rumph. Amb. 7. t. 2; Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 53 (bad).—

Courtallum hills. 1

We do not think that the plant of Rheede is at all distinct: the figure and — |
description are both bad and contradict each other. We agree with Dr Ha-
milton (Linn. Soc. Trans. 15. p. 129) that the Cingalese name ought to be
written Nag’-gaha and not Nà-gaha, and that it has in Ceylon, as in all other
parts of India, a reference to the divine serpent Naga: the name ferrea must
have been given in allusion to Yserhout, the Dutch name of the plant, nd m
Cinghalese meaning the nose.

IV. CALOPHYLLUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 459.

Flowers often by abortion polygamous. Sepals 2-4, petaloid, deciduous.
Petals 2-4, alternating with the sepals. Stamina usually numerous, or some-
times definite, more or less distinctly 4-adelphous at the base, or distinct: T
filaments short: anthers dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary ovate, l-eelled: —
ovule solitary, attached to the bottom of the cell. Style longish, flexuose-
Stigma large, peltate, irregularly lobed. Fruit drupaceous, 1-celled, 1-see |

CALOPHYLLUM. : GUTTIFERJE. 103

—Trees with leaves furnished with numerous transverse paralle]: slender
nerves. Flowers disposed in axillary racemes or panicles.

358. (1) C. Inophyllum (Linn. :) branches terete : leaves elliptical or oboval,
obtuse or retuse: racemes longer than the leaves, lax, from the axils of the
upper leaves, or disposed in a terminal panicle: sepals and petals 4: drupe
spherical (large).—DC. prod. 1. p. 562; Spr. syst. 2. p. 571; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2,
p. 606 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 950; Wall. L. n. 4841; Wight! cat. n. 338.—
C. Bintagor, Rowb. l. c. p. 607 ?—Balsamaria Inophyllum, Lour.—Rheed.
Mal. 4. t. 38; Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 115 Pluk. t. 147. Sf. 3.

359. (2) C. spuritm (Choisy:) young branches square: leaves cuneate-
obovate, obtuse or emarginate: racemes lax, about as long as the leaves,
axillary near the ends of the branches: sepals and petals 2 : drupe oblong
(small).—DC. prod. 1. p. 563; Wight! cat. n. 337.—C. Wightianum, Wall?
L. n. 4847.—C. Inophyllum, Wall. L. n. 4841. g.—C. calaboides, G. Don in
Mill. dict. 1. p. 622.—0C. apetalum, Willd.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 571.—C. calaba,
Linn. (not Jacq.); Burm. Ind. p. 120.—Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 39; Burm. Zeyl.
t. 60 (not good). Travaneore. i ;

The specific name given by Willdenow is inadmissible, and that by Chois
scarcely more so, Roxburgh seems to have omitted it in his flora, althoug!
he sent specimens to Europe as C. Calaba.

t 360. (3) C. longifolium (Herb. Madr.)—Wall. L. n. 4851 (not? Willd.)
Dr Wallich remarks that it certainly does not belong to the genus.

ORDER XXXIIL—HIPPOCRATEACE/E. Juss.

Sepals 5 (rarely 4 or 6), small, combined to their middle, persistent :
æstivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous, alternating with and equal
in number to the stamens: æstivation imbricated. Torus fleshy, cup-
shaped, occupying the bottom of the calyx, expanding between the
petals and the stamens. Stamens 3, distinct, arising from the apex or -
inside of the torus. Ovarium more or less hidden within the torus, but
free from it, triangular, trilocular: ovules erect, 9 or more in each cell :
style 1: stigmas 1-3. Placente in the axis. Fruit fleshy and 1-3-
celled, or of 3 samaroid carpels. Seeds in each cell or carpel usually
numerous, often solitary from abortion. Albumen none. Embryo
straight: radicle next the hilum: cotyledons flat, elliptical, oblong,
somewhat fleshy, cohering (at least in the dried plant)—Shrubs ar-
borescent or climbing. Leaves opposite, simple, somewhat coriaceous.
Flowers small. PEN
WAS EIUS igiene ee RE aaa

I. HIPPOCRATEA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 28. ug

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted between the torus and the calyx. Sta-
mens 3, inserted on the top of the disk : filaments flat, much dilated at the

©; anthers 1-celled, bursting transversely. Style shortish. Stigmas 3.
Carpels 3, or from abortion only 1 or 2, compressed coriaceous, 1-celled,
2-valved, dehiscing at the narrow axis; valves navicular. Seeds oblong,
Compressed, winged downwards.—Trees or climbing shrubs with twisted
branches. Flowers usually small and in dichotomous axillary panicles ;
_ branchlets and pedicels furnished with bracteas, —

104 HIPPOCRATEACEA. HIPPOCRATEA”

361. (1) H. Indica (Willd. :) glabrous: leaves elliptical, acute at the base,
obtuse, acute or shortly acuminated at the apex, serrulated ; young ones mem-
branaceous, older ones firm: panicles dichotomous, corymbiform (short and
broad), shorter than the leaves, axillary and terminal; terminal ones often
thyrsoid by the abortion of the upper leaves: flowers very minute: petals
linear-oblong : torus flattish, nearly discoid: ovules 2, collateral, in each cell:
carpels oblong, striated (an inch long), each 2-seeded.— DC. prod. 1. p. 568;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 178; Rowb. Cor. 2. t. 1305 fl. Ind. 1. p. 165; ft. Ind. (ed.
Wall.) 1. p. 169; Wall.! L. n. 4210; Wight? cat. n. 854, 355.—H. disperma,
Vahl, enum. 2. p. 28.—H. obtusifolia, Wail.! L. n. 4211 (not Roxb.)——Pa-
thucottah, Gingie hills, and. elsewhere, not uncommon throughout the Penin-
sula. It is also found in Bengal.

De Candolle makes three varieties, but we have seen all the three on the
same specimen.

362. (2) H. obtusifolia (Roxb. :) glabrous: leaves elliptical, obtuse or acute
at the base, obtuse or shortly and obtusely acuminated at the apex, slightly
serrated or almost quite entire, very coriaceous : panicles axillary and ter-
minal, thyrsoid, longer than the leaves, terminal ones sometimes much elon-
gated and compound from the abortion of the upper leaves: flowers pretty
large: petals lanceolate, much longer than the calyx: ovules 6 in each cell:
carpels obovate, emarginated, striated (14-2 inches long), each 4—6-seeded.
—Roab. fl. Ind. 1. p. 166; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 2013; fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.)
l. p. 170; DC. prod. 1. p. 569; Spr. syst. 1. p. 178; Wight! cat. n. 352,
353.—H. tortuosa, Wall! L. n. 4216.—H. volubilis, Heyne (not Linn.);
Wall. L. n. 4215.—Salacia levigata, Wight ! (not DC.) in Hook. Bot. Misc.
3. p. 295. suppl. t. 36. Madura and Tanjore districts. eed,

Roxburgh s drawing at the India House enables us to ascertain that this 18
his plant. The flowers are large for the genus, being, when expanded, AE
a quarter of an inch across ; in H. indica they are not half a line. The pet
(as well as the calyx and pedicels) are more or less minutely pubescent, but
not ciliated as is stated in the specific character given by Dr Wight under
Salacia levigata. The S. levigata, DC., has ciliated petals, and belongs to
Anthodon of Ruiz and Pavon, a sub-genus of T'onsella, Schreb.

II. SALACIA. Linn. E DG

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted between the torus and the calyx. Sta-
mens 3, inserted on the top of the torus or between the torus and ovary:
filaments flat, distinct: anthers adnate 2-celled ; lobes divaricating at the
base, dehiscing longitudinally. Ovary 3-celled: ovules 2 or more in each i
cell Style short. Stigma obsoletely 3-lobed. Fruit indehiscent, fleshy, often —
1-celled from abortion. Seeds solitary in each cell, wingless, covered with
pulp.—Shrubs or small trees. Flowers in axillary corymbs, or more fre- ——
quently, from the abortion of the common peduncle, on simple 1-flowered —

pedicels arising from a small axillary tubercle ; rarely (ever?) in axillary - :
dichotomous panicles,

All the species which we have examined have the ovules superposed, or one above
the other, forming ap arently a single longitudinal row ; but in Hippow eii we have
found them collateral and evidently in a double series. If these remarks prove ap- — —
licable to all the species of the respective genera, they would materially assist 1?
heir discrimination when only in flower. —As we consider the S. chinensis of Linneus —
to belong to this, and not to Salacia as defined by St Hilaire, we retain the Linnea?
name for the present genus (the Calypso of Pet. Thouars, and St Hilaire), from
which Johnia of Roxburgh is no way distinct: Salacia of St Hilaire, with 1-celled,
transversely dehiscing anthers, and fleshy fruit, is entirely a genus from the Wes
Indies or South America, and the same with Tonsella of Schreber. The true Salacia
is found only in Asia and Africa, with the exception of S. campestris (Calypso campes-
tris, St Hil.) ; of this, however, we entertain doubts as to its being a legitimate spe
cies of the genus, but if it be so, it is the only one with elongated panicles of flowers.

Saracta. HIPPOCRATEACE. 105

363. (1) S. prinoides (DC.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves oblong,
obtusely acuminated, serrulated, coriaceous : pedicels several from an axillary
tubercle, 1-flowered, about equal to the petioles: calyx-lobes round, much
shorter than the petals, more or less puberulous and ciliated : petals broadly
ovate, unguieulate, quite entire; torus large, cup-shaped, thick, fleshy, at
first nearly enclosing the ovary: stamens short, about the length of the style,
arising from the inner side of the torus: ovules 2, superposed, in each cell of
the ovary: fruit nearly globose (about the size of a small cherry), 1-celled,
i-seeded.— DC. prod. 1. p. 571; Wail.! L.n. 4219; Wight! cat. n. 349, 350.
—58. Wightiana, Wall.! L. n. 4221.— Tonsella prinoides, Willd.! in Act. ac.
nat. cur. Berol. 4. p. 184; Roem. and Sch. syst. veg. 1. p. 547 ; Spr. syst. 1.

p. 178.—Johnia Coromandelliana, Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 169; in E. I. C. mus.

gt eg 3 fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 173; DC. prod. 1. p. 571; Spr. syst. 1.
p. 175.

We have before us specimens from Rottler’s herbarium marked with the
same vernacular Tamoul name (Kadelanchi) as those he sent to Willdenow ;
we do not understand, therefore, why Sprengel and also Mr G. Don (in Mil-
ler’s Dictionary), attribute to the Tonsella prinoides, Willd., ciliated petals.

€ have not access at present to the original description, but neither De
Candolle nor Roemer and Schultes, who quote from Willdenow, give such a
description.

* 364. (2) S. Roxburghii (Wall.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves ob-
long-lanceolate, with a blunt acumination, nearly quite entire, coriaceous :
pedicels several together from an axillary tubercle, 1-flowered, about equal
to the petiole: calyx-lobes round: petals obovate-orbicular, quite entire,
Sessile: torus eup-s aped, thick and fleshy, at first nearly enclosing the ovary,
obscurely 3-toothed at the apex: anthers almost quite sessile on the teeth of
the torus: ovules 2, superposed, in each cell: fruit globose (about the size
of a crab-apple), 2-3-seeded.—Wall./ L. n. 4217.—S. chinensis, Linn.? ;
Jack.—S, cochinchensis, Lour.?—Johnia salacioides, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 168 ;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1520 ; fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 172 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 571;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 175. s :

We admit this, since Wallich quotes for it Heyne's herbarium, but Rox-
burgh states it to be a native of the eastern frontiers of Bengal. We have
only seen Wallich's L. n. 4217. c.

365. (3) S. Brunoniana (W. & A.:) glabrous: branches terete : leaves ob-
long or elliptical, obtuse or with a short blunt acumination, slightly serrated,
coriaceous: pedicels few (1-2) from an axillary tubercle, 1-flowered, about
equal to the petiole: calyx with 5 short blunt teeth: petals ovate from a
bro e, sessile, coriaceous, somewhat persistent with incurved mar-

gins (when dried), entire: torus cup-shaped, thick and fleshy, at first nearly.

enclosing the ovary: stamens short, from the inner side of torus: ovules 2,

Superposed, in each cell of the ovary.— Wight ! cat. n. 347.—S. Roxburghii,

Wall.! Ln. 4217. e (not Johnia salacioides, Roxb.) a
fruit we have not yet seen. `

366. (4) S. pomifera (Wall.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves elliptic-

ovate, with a short blunt acumination, slightly serrulated, coriaceous: pe-
duncles axillary, about as long as the petiole, forked ; branches very short,
bearing 2-3 flowers on very short umbellate pedicels: calyx-lobes round:
Petals round-ovate, sessile, quite entire: torus cup-shaped, thick and fleshy,

torus : ovules 2, su rposed, in each cell: fruit globose (as large as a wall-
nut), 1-celled, iam Wall.:L. n. 4297 ; b cat. n. 348. í
Although there be before us no specimen corresponding to that which Dr
ight formerly sent to Dr Wallich, we have little doubt as to the present
? the species intended by him. — Es

*

106 ERYTHROXYLEA, SETHIA,

367. (5) S. oblonga (Wall.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves elliptic-
oblong, obtuse or with a very short blunt point, slightly serrated, thin-coria-
ceous : inflorescence about half as long as the petiole; peduncle axillary, short,
about 3-flowered : pedicels about equal to the peduncle: calyx-lobes round-
ed: petals broadly elliptical, obtuse, sessile, very slightly ragged or toothed
on the margin: torus discoid, slightly elevated in the middle round the base
of the ovary: stamens longish, from the summit of the torus ; filaments much
dilated at the base: ovules 4, superposed, in each cell of the ovary.—Wall.
L. n. 4226 ; Wight! cat. n. 351.—8. oppositifolia, Rottl. (from Trincomalee),

As Dr Wallich does not quote the name under which Dr Wight sent him
this species, we do not feel quite certain that this is the plant intended. We

- have not seen the fruit. The petals seem to be erect, not patent as in most
of the species: the stamens are as in Hippocratea, but the anthers are those
of Salacia. The leaves have a yellowish tinge as in Symplocos.

t 368. (6) S. fruticosa (Heyne.)—Woall. L. n. 4223.

ORDER XXXIV.—ERYTHROXYLEJE. Kunth.

Sepals 5, combined at the base, persistent: æstivation imbricated.
Petals 5, hypogynous, broad, and with a small scale at the base: æsti-
vation slightly twisted. Stamens 10, hypogynous: filaments united at
the base into a cup: anthers erect, bilocular, longitudinally and laterally
dehiscing.: Ovarium with 3 cells, of which 2 are sometimes rudimen-
tary: ovule solitary in each perfect cell, pendulous: styles 3, distinct
or united: stigmas 3. Drupe l-seeded. Seed angular, pendulous. Em-
bryo linear, straight, in the axis of a corneous albumen: radicle elon-
gated, next the hilum: cotyledons linear, flat, foliaceous.— Trees or
shrubs. Leaves alternate, rarely opposite. -

We omit S ris ue sideroryloides, Lam., which is stated in Roxburgh’s Flora
Indica (2. p. 449), to be a “native of Coromandel, Ceylon, &c." as by. comperit "
partage with the Hortus Benghalensis, and Wern. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 288, we believe
that the whole was intended by Roxburgh to belong to his E. monogynum, and was
vr s he i Sr ie of vo rena dy n over also E. longifolium, Lam. ;
s ! cat. n. . mauritianum. DE. d imens are
marked “ from the Isle of France." ” i creme deri

I. SETHIA. Kunth.

Calyx 5-lobed, or 5-parted. Styles 3, combined into 1: stigmas 3, distinct.

369. (1) S. Indica (DC.:) leaves alternate, obovate or oblong, obtuse, cu-
neate at the base, feather-nerved, reticulated with veins, under side pale:
pedicels axillary, 1-3, about twice as long as the petiole, 1-flowered : calyx
5-lobed : styles combined nearly to the apex, longer than the stamens ; stigmas
clavate: drupes oblong, triangular, 3-celled; 2 of the cells small, abortive;
and without seeds.—DC. prod. 1. p. 576; Wall.! L. n. 6848; Wight! cat. n.
- 357.—Erythroxylon monogynum, Rozb. Cor. 1. t. 88 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. A49; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 391.—Pluk. Amalth. p. 87. t. 442. f. 3 (not f. 1-2); Mant. p. 26
and 167.——Circars, Mysore, Courtallum, and throughout the Carnatic.

ORDER XXXV.—MALPIGHIACEJE. Juss.

Sepals 5, slightly combined, persistent: æstivation imbricated. Pe-
tals 5, hypogynous, unguieulate, occasionally wanting. Stamens 10
(rarely fewer), hypogynous : filaments distinct, or slightly monadel-
phous: anthers roundish. Torus usually discoid. Ovarium 1, ust

. Hirracr. MALPIGHIACEA, * 107

3-lobed, consisting of 3 carpels, more or less combined : ovules solitary :
styles 3, distinct or united. Placentæ in the axis. Fruit dry or fleshy,
of 3 distinct carpels or 3-celled, occasionally 1-2-celled by abortion.
Seeds solitary, pendulous. Albumen 0. Embryo curved or straight :
radicle short, next the hilum : cotyledons foliaceous or thickish.— Small
trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing. Leaves simple, opposite, or very
rarely alternate, not dotted, usually with stipules. Pedicels articulated
in the middle.

We omit here Ancistrocladus, Wall., the Wormia of Vahl in Act. soc. hist. nat.
Hafn. (Skrifter af Naturhistorie Selskabet) 6. p. 104, not of Rottboell, as we have
not seen the Peninsular species, 4. Heyneanus, Wall. L. n. 7262; nor do we yet pos-
sess sufficient specimens of the others to enable us to determine if it actually belongs
to this order: the petals and stamens are perigynous, the former sessile: the base of
the ovary is immersed in the bottom of the calyx, and is apparently 1-celled with
l erect ovule, although there be three clavate om pe and truncated styles: the fruit

Is inferior and crowned by the persistent enlarged lobes of the calyx, and is (accord-

=

ing to Vahl) a 1-seeded drupe: Vahl says there are 5 stamens; we find 10, distinct,
the alternate ones with extremely short filaments. To this genus the Va//i-moda,

of Rheede (Mal. 7. t. 47) seems to belong, and is probably the same with 4. Hey-
neanus, tem

I. HIPTAGE. Gertn. fr. t. 116.

Calyx 5-parted, furnished with 5 glands at the base on the outside. Petals
5, unequal, fringed. Stamens 10, one of them much longer than the others.
Styles combined into one. Carpels dry, indehiscent, 3 (or usually only 1 or
2 from abortion), unequally 3-winged, with or without an additional central
keel or small wing between the two lateral wings and parallel with them.—
Climbing shrubs, with opposite leaves. ;

370. (1) H. Madablota (Geertn.:) shoots shortish, branched : leaves (large)
ovate or ovate-lanceolate, acuminated : fruit m Pg stone vus m A
conspicuous.— DC. ; I9. : . syst, 2. p. y kd d f. H
Wight ! eat. n. xi. ONE ue DN dos. 9. t. 263.—Geertnera ra-
cemosa, Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 18; fl. Ind. 2. p. 368.—Banisteria Benghalensis,
Linn.—p. unicapsularis, Lam.—Calophyllum Akara, Herb. Burm. (according
to Choisy).— Reed. Mai, 6. t. 59.

371. (2) H. parvifolia (W. & A. :) shoots elongated, twiggy: leaves (small)
elliptical, obtabe fe een a very dba blunt point: fruit without the addi-
tional wing.— Wight ! cat. n. 358 (from Ceylon), 362. b.—Geertnera laurifolia,
Wall.? L. n. 7265.—— Courtallum. i

is has quite a different appearance from the first species, but it is scarcely
Possible to assign sufficient characters.

II. PLATYNEMA. W.& 4.

Calyx 5-partite, without glands at the base. Petals 5, about equal, flat,
nguieulate, entire on the margin. Stamens 10, alternately shorter : filaments
dilated at the base, flat, persistent : anthers linear-oblong, deciduous. Styles
combined into one, filiform, longer than the stamens. Ovary with 3 short
wings or keels at the apex, which probably in the fruit expand with long
Wings.—Leaves opposite, elliptical, obtuse. Om
` * 872. (1) P. laurifolium (W. & A.)—W. & A. in Jameson's Ed. N. Phil.

ourn. July 1833, p. 179 ; Wight! cat. n. 947. de Rye Hc
specimens are from Ceylon, but it probably also occurs in the southern

Parts of the Peninsula. In the Philosophical Journal, we referred here the

nera laurifolia of Wallich, but circumstances have now induced us to
Suspect that the plant he had in view was Hiptage parvifolia.

108 MALPIGHIACEZ. Hina.

III. HIRZEA. Schreb. ; Kunth.

Calyx of 5 sepals, with or without glands. Petals 5, roundish, unguiculate.
Stamens 10: filaments awl-shaped, slightly connected at the base, alternately
shorter. Styles 3, distinct. Carpels samaroid, 1-seeded, 3 (or rarely 2 from
abortion), crested or naked on the back, surrounded by a membranaceous
wing that is usually emarginate at both extremities.—Climbing shrubs.
Leaves opposite. Flowers white, yellow, or reddish, panicled.

373. (1) H. Indica (Roxb.:) leaves broadly ovate, more or less acumina-
ted, shining, glabrous on both sides: panicles axillary or terminal: calyx
without glands: carpels each surrounded with an oblong-linear entire wing. |
Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 90: fl. Ind. 2. p. 448; DC. prod. 1. p. 585 ; Spr. syst. 2. |
. p. 889 ; Wall.! L. n. 1057 ; Wight! cat. n. 359. Triopteris Indica, Willd.
sp. 2. p. 744 ; Roxb. Cor. 2. p. 160. Coromandel coast, and Circars.

* 874. (2) H. nutans (Roxb.:) leaves broadly ovate, acuminated, some-
times cordate at the base; upper side shining with a few adpressed hairs;
under paler and hairy, the hairs fixed by their middle: panicles pendulous:
calyx without glands : carpels surrounded with an elliptical ring.— Rob. hort.
Bengh. p. 90 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 390; DC. prod. 1. p. 585 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 389;
Wall. L. n. 1056.

We introduce this on Dr Wallich's authority, who quotes Heyne's herba-
rium. We are not aware of its being found out of Bengal.

375. (3) H. cordata (Heyne :) leaves roundish, cordate, acuminated ; up-
per side not shining, very slightly hairy; under, as well as the young branches,
petioles, and panicles, tomentose: upper part of pedicels glabrous: calyx
without glands.— Wall. pl. As. rar. 1. p. 135 L. n. 1060 ; Wight ! cat. n. 359. `

ORDER XXXVI.—SAPINDACEJE. Juss.

Flowers polygamous. Sepals 4-5, distinct or slightly cohering at-
the base : æstivation imbricative. Petals usually as many as the $
alternating with them, sometimes fewer by the abortion of one, some-
times entirely wanting: inside either naked, or hairy, or glandular, or
furnished with a petaloid scale: zstivation imbricative. Torus usually
an hypogynous disk, occupying the bottom of the calyx, expanded be-
tween the petals and stamens ; sometimes consisting of glands betwee?
the petals and stamens. Stamens 8-10, rarely fewer, very rarely 20,
either inserted on the disk, or on the receptacle between the glands
and the ovary: filaments distinct, or very slightly connected at the
base: anthers bursting inwards longitudinally—Mate. Pistil rudi-
mentary or entirely wanting.—Frm. Ovary 3- (rarely 2- or 4-) celled:
ovules usually solitary (and then generally erect or ascending), some-
times 2 (and then the upper one is ascending, the lower suspended,) Lad
3, rarely numerous in each cell : style undivided or 3-cleft, more rarely
bifid. Fruit fleshy and indehiscent, or vesicular, or capsular and 2-3
valved; some of the cells are occasionally abortive. Seeds 1-3, 0" —
rarely numerous in each cell, usually arillate. Albumen none. Em-
bryo rarely straight, usually curved or spirally convolute : radicle point-

CARDIOSPERMUM. SAPINDACEJE. 109

ing towards the hilum : cotyledons sometimes conferruminate.— Leaves
alternate, usually compound, having generally pellucid lines or dots.

TRIBE L—SAPINDEX. Camb.
Ovary containing 1 ovule in each cell. Embryo curved, rarely straight.

I. CARDIOSPERMUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 317 ; Gertn. fr. t. 79.

Sepals 4, two outer ones smallest. Petals 4; the two lateral ones usually
adhering to the sepals, each with an emarginate scale above the base; the
two lower ones remote from the stamens, with their scales furnished with a
glandular crest at their extremity, and ending in an inflexed appendage be-
neath the apex. Glands 2, round or linear, on the disk opposite the lower
petals. Stamens 8, around the base of the ovary: the four that are nearest
the glands are shorter than the others. Style 3-fid : segments covered on the
inside with the adnate stigmas. Fruit a membranous bladdery capsule, 3-
celled, 3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds globose, with a thick podosperm usually
expanding into a 2-lobed aril .— T wining and climbing, usually tendrilled,
herbaceous plants. Leaves biternate or supra-decompound, without stipules.
Flowers racemose: common peduncles, with two opposite tendrils (abortive
pedicels) under the racemes.

376. (1) C. Halicacabum (Linn. :) annual: stem, petioles, and leaves, near-
ly glabrous: leaves biternate : leaflets oblong, much acuminated, coarsely eut
and serrated: glands of the disk roundish: fruit broadly pyriform.—DC.
prod. 1. p. 601 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 246; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 292; Wight! cat. n.
371, 372.— Rheed. Mal. 8. t.28; Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 24. f. 2.

In Wight's cat. n. 371, the fruit is about the size of that in Rheede's figure ;
in n. 372, it is more than twice as large: but there appears to be no other
difference. In both the capsules are pubescent.

377. (2) C. canescens (Wall. :) stem, petioles, and leaves, covered with a
dense hoary pubescence: leaves biternate : leaflets ovate or obovate, acute,
coarsely serrated: glands of the disk roundish : fruit nearly globose on a long-
ish stalk.— Wall. pl. As. rar. 1. p. 14. t. 14; Wight ! cat. n. 370.

The character taken by Dr Wallich from the leaflets being stalked or ses-
sile, is very inconstant: the leaflets also vary from cuneate at the base to
slightly cordate. The flowers are much larger than in the first species.

II. SCHMIDELIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 312—Ormitrophe. Lam. ill. t. 309.
Sepals 4, unequal. Petals 4, the fifth or superior one deficient and its seat
vacant, either naked on the inside or usually furnished with a scale above the
unguis. Disk incomplete, with 4 glands opposite the petals. Stamens 8, in-
Serted on the receptacle, and connate round the ovary at its base. Ovary
usually 2-, sometimes 3-lobed: style from between the lobes of the ovary,
2-3-cleft, the segments recurved, longitudinally stigmatose on the inside.
Fruit indehiscent, 1-2-, or rarely 3-lobed : lobes somewhat globose, fleshy or
dry, l-celled. Seeds with or without an arillus.—Trees or shrubs, usually
With trifoliate, rarely with simple, exstipulate leaves. Flowers white, small,
im axillary racemes. eap |
378. (1) S. Cobbe (DC. :) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets stalked, ovate or oblong,
te, serrated ; younger ones more or less pubescent above, villous beneath ;
older ones more glabrous, but always more or less pubescent: racemes axil-
» Solitary, simple, or sometimes bifid ; rachis pubescent : petals cuneate,
emarginate, with a scale bearing a tuft of hairs above the slightly hairy claw,
I

110 a - SAPINDACEA. j SOHMIDELIA,

limb glabrous: stamens glabrous: ovary hairy, 2-lobed: style as long as the
ovary, glabrous: fruit baecate.—2D C. prod. 1. p. 610; Spr. syst. 2. p. 223
(excl. syn.) ; Wight! cat. n. 373 (partly), 375, 378 (partly).—Ornitrophe *
Cobbe, Willd. ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 268.—Rhus Cobbe, Linn. ?—Toxicoden-
dron Cobbe, Gertn. fr. 1. t. 44.—Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 25 (not good).

There is ne specimen of Rhus Cobbe in the Linnean herbarium, and what
renders it more doubtful is that Kobbæ is applied in Ceylon both to this and
to the next species: the present being the Boo-(or hairy)-Kobbe, the other
the Moodu-(or sea)-Kobbe.

379. (2) S. serrata (DC.:) leaves trifoliate ; leaflets stalked, ovate or ob- - |
long, acute or acuminated, serrated ; younger ones glabrous, or pubescent |
particularly beneath and on the nerves ; older ones glabrous, with a glandular
tuft of hairs in the axils of the nerves: racemes axillary, solitary, simple; -
rachis pubescent: petals cuneate, emarginate, with a scale bearing a tuft of
hairs above the slightly pilose unguis, limb glabrous: stamens glabrous:
ovary hairy, 2-lobed : style as long as the ovary, glabrous : fruit baccate.—2;
leaflets small, 2-3 inches long, pubescent beneath when young : racemes sel-
dom so long as the leaves.—Wight ! cat. n. 374, 376 (partly), 377, 380.—S.
serrata, DC. prod. 1. p. 610; Spr. syst. 2. p. 222.—Ornitrophe serrata, Roxb.
Cor. 1. t. 61; fl. Ind. 2. p. 266.—8; leaflets large, 3-6 inches long, glabrous
when young, except in the axils of the nerves: racemes usually much longer
than the leaves.— Wight! cat. n. 373 (partly), 376 (partly), 378 (partly), 379,
381.—Ornitrophe aporetica, Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 264?

Roxburgh describes the style as very short, and the stamens very hairy at
the base: the style appears to us only short when the ovary swells, and the
base of the filaments is glabrous. We can perceive no essential difference
between this and the former species. From the numerous specimens sent to
Dr Wight by his collectors, it appears to be a most variable plant: and we
fear much that S. racemosa may not be distinct ; at least we cannot perceive
the smallest difference between our var. « and the description of the Linnean
specimen given by Smith in Rees’ Cyclopedia. Roxburgh's Ornitrophe gla-
bra (fl. Ind. 2. p. 267, and in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1405), for which he quotes
S. racemosa, being paieti glabrous on the rachis of the racemes, as well as
the leaves, may perhaps be distinct ; but of this we have great doubts. Rox-
burgh s O. aporetica (perhaps however not the Aporetica ternata of Forster) is;
according to the description, not different from our var. B. If the same bota-
nist's description (fl. Ind. 2. p. 263) and figure (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1406,
under All. ornitrophoides) of Allophyllus ternatus (with which Schmidelia dis-
tachya, DC. is identical) be correct, it is quite distinct from S. serrata, and
perhaps from the genus, as the petals are represented to be 4 and equidistant.
As to Allophyllus ternatus, Lour., and Gemella trifolia of the same author, they

appear quite the same plant, and we cannot point out how they are to be
distinguished from S. serrata. ie Bae

III. SAPINDUS. Linn. ; Lam. illt. 307 ; Gertn. fr. t. 70.

Calyx 4-5-partite. Petals as many as the sepals, rarely one of them abor-
tive, naked or hairy or with a scale above the claw. Torus a disk occupying |
the bottom of the calyx, entire or erenulated. Stamens 8-10, inserted be-
tween the margin of the disk and the ovary. Ovary 3, rarely 2-celled : ovule
1, erect, at the base of each cell. Style crowned with a 3-, rarely 2-lobed
stigma. Fruit externally fleshy, 1-2-lobed from abortion, rarely 3-lobed ;
lobes globular, indehiscent, 1-seeded. Seeds without an arillus. Embryo
curved or straight.— Trees. Leaves without stipules, usually abruptly pin-
nate, sometimes unequally pinnate, or from abortion having only 1 leaflet.
Flowers racemose. Berries saponaceous.

— SAPINDACEX. 111

We have extended considerably the character given by Cambessedes, in order to
include S. laurifolius, S. fruticosus, Roxb. (Allophyllus pinnatus, Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 1407, and perhaps Sap. longifolius, Vahl, not Roxb. ), S. rubiginosus, and
our S. deficiens, xbldk otherwise, would form the types of about as many genera.
Probably Erioglossum of Blume might also be reduce » but from his saying that the
fruit is edible, we suppose the seeds must have an arillus. :

380. (1) S. laurifolius (Vahl:) petiole simple, terete: leaves abruptly pin-
nate: leaflets about 3 pair, ovate-lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous: racemes
in terminal panicles: calyx 5-partite, segments oval: petals 5, lanceolate,
equidistant, woolly all over the inside, without a eland or scale: stamens 8,
woolly: ovary 3-lobed, very hairy: stigma 3-toothed: fruit of 3 combined
globular berries: cotyledons unequal, spirally curved.— Vah, symb. 3. p. 54 ;
DC. prod. 1. p. 608 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 250; Roxb. Jt. Ind. 2. p. 278.—8. acutus,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1965.—S. trifoliata, Linn.—Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 19.
——Malabar.

We introduce this on the supposition that Vahl is correct in quoting
Rheede's figure, and that Roxburgh is right in referring to Vahl: the plant
which we describe we have only seen in Hamilton's herbarium, from the
Caleutta garden, and is consequently the plant óf Roxburgh. This author,
however, although he says it is a native of various parts of India, does not,
in the Flora Indica, cite Rheede, (although he does in the Hort. Bengh.),
nor give any indication of the species being a native of the Peninsula. We
do not unite here S. Rarak, DC., as Hamilton (Wern. Soc. Trans. 6. p. 331),
wishes, as we rather consider that and Roxburgh’s S. longifolius (not Vahl)
to be the same.

381. (2) S. emarginatus (Vahl :) petiole simple, terete, pubescent: leaves
abruptly pinnate: leaflets 2-3 pair, oblong, retuse or emarginate, quite en-
ure, upper side glabrous, under very downy: racemes in terminal panicles :
calyx-segments 5, oblong: petals 5, equidistant, oval ; outside densely hairy ;
margin very woolly with a small woolly appendage on each side about the
middle ; inside nearly glabrous or with a few scattered hairs about the mid-
dle: stamens 8, woolly : ovary densely hairy : fruit 1—4-, but usually 3-lobed ;
lobes very hairy on the inside at the insertion of the seeds.— VaAl, symb. 3.
P- 54; DC. prod. 1. p. 608; Spr. syst. 2. p. 251; Wight! cat. n. 385.

From this S. detergens, Roxb. (S. abstergens, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1235) is only distinguishable by the leaflets glabrous on both sides, and from
4 to 6 pair: Roxburgh says that it is common all over India, but we have
Dot seen specimens from the Peninsula. i

„382. (3) S. obovatus (W. & A.:) petiole simple, terete: leaves abruptly
Pinnate : leaflets about 4 pair, narrow cuneate-obovate, rounded with a short
sudden acumination, quite entire, glabrous on both sides: racemes terminal :
calyx-segments 5, roundish : petals 5, equidistant, glabrous on both sides,
with a roundish woolly glandular attached scale at the base on the inside:
Biati el hairy, oblong, triquetrous but not lobed, 3-celled.— Wight!
Cat. n, *

The fruit is unknown, and even the flowers in our specimen are imperfect.

. 983. (4) 8.2 deficiens (W. & A.:) petiole simple, terete: leaves abruptly
pinnate: leaflets 6-7 pair, linear-oblong, lanceolate, acuminated, quite en-
tire, glabrous: racemes solitary or in pairs, axillary: calyx unequal, 5-par-
tite ; segments rounded : petals 4 (the fifth deficient), oblong, attenuated in-

the unguis, woolly at the back on the lower half and margin, otherwise
glabrous ; scale glabrous, united to the petal at its woolly margins ; the apex
rounded, entire, free and inflexed: disk incomplete, unilateral: stamens 8, -
equidistant, woolly : ovary villous, ovate, with a short thick pope point :

gma large, umbilicate, nearly entire, papillose above—Wight! cat. n. 390.

„nere is one erect ovule at the base of each cell. We have not seen the
fruit, but our only doubt as to the genus arises from the racemes being

g

112 | SAPINDACEEX. Sensi

axillary, not terminal as is usual in the genus: perhaps it may belong to
Cupania.

384. (5) S. rubiginosus (Roxb.:) young branches, petioles, nerves of the
leaflets and panicles, clothed with a dense rusty pubescence : leaves abruptly
pinnate ; petioles simple, terete; leaflets 4-6 pair, oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated, quite entire, slightly hairy on the under side: racemes in terminal
panicles: calyx unequal, 5-partite: petals 4 (the fifth deficient), glabrous,
with a distinct unguis: limb cordate-oblong: scale attached to the petals by -
the margin, very woolly, with a woolly eristate appendage at its back (be-
tween the scale and the limb of the petal) below the apex and overtopping
the scale: disk imperfect, unilateral: stamens 8, on one side, woolly: ovary
excentrie, very deeply 3-lobed, hairy: style longish: fruit of 1-2, rarely 3,
oblong, nearly unconnected, berries.—Rowb. Cor. 1. t. 62 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 282;
DC. prod. 1. p. 608 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 251; Wight! cat. n. 367.—Jack in Mal.
misc. 1. p. 11; in Hook. bot. mise. 1. p. 280.—S. fraxinifolius, DC. L. e.—8.
alternifolius and longifolius, Herb. Ham.!—Moulinsia rubiginosa, G. Don.—
M. eupanioides, Camb. in mem. mus. 18. p. 40. t. 2.

One of Hamilton's specimens is from Gongachora, the other from Ranja-
matty on the eastern frontiers of Bengal. Jack found it also at Pulo-pinang.
Roxburgh is not correct as to the shape of the petals. The structure of the
scale is obviously thus alluded to by Jack, “ appendages furnished with two
transverse lines of white hairs." Cambessedes’ figure is good, but he incor-
rectly describes the fruit as a loculicidal capsule.

385. (6) S.? microcarpus (W. & A.:) petiole simple, terete, and the nerves
of the leaflets beneath clothed with rusty pubescence: leaves unequally pin-
nate!: leaflets about 5 pair, nearly opposite, petioled, ovate-oblong, much
and finely acuminated, quite entire; upper side glabrous and shining, under
dull and reticulated with veins: panicles axillary, large, much branched,
covered with a rusty pubescence: calyx 5-partite, segments (in fruit) une-
qual (small): drupes constantly solitary, with the mark of another (or two?)
abortive at the base; epicarp thin fleshy ; nut very hard and bony: style
persistent, spinuliform, at the base of the drupe: embryo sharply bent at the
Junction of the cotyledons and radicle ; cotyledons linear, curved round the
acutely bent radicle.— Wight! cat. n. 554.

This has considerably the habit of a Terebinthaceous plant, particularly of
Rumphius’ small-fruited species of Canarium, but we have placed it in the
present order from the structure of the fruit, which is obviously the result of
a 2- or 3-celled ovary. The seed is solitary and erect: there is no albumen:
the long radicle is bent up close on and applied to the back of the cotyledons,
and then the whole embryo (cotyledons and radiele) is curved round the
seed ; so that the extremity of the radicle, of the cotyledons, and the point
of junction of the cotyledons and radicle, are all close to each other, and
point to the hilum. The fruit is'about the size of a small pea. — Erioglossum
of Blume has also the leaves unequally pinnate; and S. squamosus, Roxb.,
has them so occasionally.

IV. CUPANIA. Plum.

Calyx 5-cleft or 5-parted. Petals 5, each usually furnished with a scale
above the base, rarely 1 or all of them wanting. Torus a disk occupying
the bottom of the calyx, entire or crenulated. Stamens 10, or fewer by
abortion, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary. Ovarium
3-celled, with one erect ovule in each cell. Style simple or trifid. Capsule

2-3-angled, 2-3-celled, 2-3-valved, loculicide. Seeds erect, arillate.— Trees - :

or shrubs. Leaves abruptly pinnated, or simple from abortion. Flowers
whitish, in racemose panicles, or racemes. i: ;

NEPHELIUM. ; SAPINDACEÆ. : 113

Trigonis, Molinea (Lam. ill. t. 305), Guioa (Cav. ic. 4. t. 373), Dimereza (La
Bill. nov. Cal. t. 51), Diplopetalum, Gelonium (Gaertn. fr. t. 139), Tina, Ratonia,
Mischocarpus, Blighia, and Stadmannia (Lam. ill. t. 312), appear to be all referable
to the present genus ; nor is Schleichera pentapetala of Roxb. distinct.

386. (1) C. canescens (Pers.:) petioles simple, somewhat terete or angled:
leaflets 2 pair, obovate or oblong, more or less obtuse or emarginate, quite
entire, glabrous: racemes simple or panicled, from the old leafless shoots :
calyx-segments rounded: petals 4 (the fifth deficient), flat, obovate-oblong,
unguis silky at the back: scale woolly in front, bifid, waved or crisped on
the margin, with a cuneate crested appendage at its back below the cleft :
disk crenulated, complete but on the one (the upper) side of the ovary :
stamens 8, unilateral (on the opposite side from the disk): ovary ovate:
style simple, elongated: stigma 3-toothed: capsule ovoid, triquetrous.—
DC. prod. 1. p. 613; Spr. syst. 2. p. 221; Wight! cat. n. 389.—Molinsea ca-
nescens, Rowb.! Cor. 1. t. 60; fl. Ind. 2. p. 243.—8apindus tetraphyllus,
Vahl, symb. 3. p. 54; DC. prod. 1. p. 608 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 250.

We can see no traces of the fifth petal, deseribed by both Vahl and Rox-
burgh. We have united this plant to Cupania for the same reasons we gave
while extending the character of Sapindus.

V. NEPHELIUM. Linn.—Euphoria. Lam. ill. t. 306.—Secytalia. Gaertn.
Sr. t. 42.

Calyx 4-6-cleft or parted. Petals 4-6, glabrous or densely pilose or
With a seale on the inside, sometimes wanting. Disk annular, occupying
the bottom of the calyx. Stamens 6-10, inserted between the margin of
the disk and the ovary. Ovary obcordate, usually didymous and 2-celled,
sometimes 3-lobed and 3-celled; ovule one and erect in each cell. Style
simple; stigma 2-lobed, or bifid, or 2-3 distinct. Fruit indehiscent, tubercled
or muricated or smooth, usually 1-lobed from abortion. Seeds thick, covered
by a fleshy arillus. Embryo straight.—Trees. Leaves exstipulate, abruptly
Pinnate, rarely simple. Flowers in racemose panicles, or racemes. Fruit
eatable.

We can point out no character except the presence of an arillus to distinguish
this genus from Sapindus. N. Litchi, 'ppaceum, and rimosum, W. & A. (Scytalia
"mosa, Roxb.), have no petals.

387. (1) N. Longanum (Camb.:) leaflets 2-4 pair, of a firm texture, quite

; upper side shining ; under pale, somewhat glaucous, and apparently

but not really pubescent, with strongly marked pinnate nerves: panicle lax,
much branched, terminal : calyx deeply 5-partite: petals 5, narrow-oblong,
Spreading, hairy, without a scale: stamens 6-8, hairy: ovary 2-3-lobed :
stigmas 2-3, linear: berries usually solitary or in pairs, very rarely 3 together,
» with a slightly scabrous or nearly smooth pericarp.—Dimocarpus

ngan, Lour.—Euphoria Longana, Lam.; DC. prod. 1. p. 611; Spr. syst. 2.

P. 222, —, ; leaflets oblong, obtuse.— Wight! cat. n. 364. a.—Scytalia 4

9 fl. Ind. 2. p. 270.—5 ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate.— Wight cat. n. I k

—1; leaflets narrow-oblong, acuminated, unequal at the — e

n. 364. c—Nephelium Benghalense, G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 670.—Sa-

Wight. Benghalensis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 941.—Dimocarpus undulatus,
mss,

In all the states, even when the leaflets are very narrow and elongated, the
"Xtreme point is blint. Aporetica pinnata, DC., appears very closely allied,
nor can we make out, by the descriptions yet given, any character to separate
1t from the present species.

H

114° SAPINDACEA. à Donon A &.

VI. SCHLEICHERA. Willd.

Calyx 5-toothed. Petals wanting. Disk occupying the bottom of the
calyx. Stamens 6-10, inserted between the margin of the disk and the ovary.
Ovary 3-celled, with one erect ovule from the base of each cell. Style
crowned by a 3-cleft stigma. Fruit an indehiscent drupe, with 1-2 or rarely
3 cells. Seeds solitary in each cell, covered with a pulpy arillus. Embryo
much eurved.—Trees. Leaves exstipulate, abruptly pinnate : leaflets oppo-
site or nearly so. Flowers small, disposed in spike-like racemes.

We have retained Willdenow’s genus against Cambessedes’ opinion, because the
true species of Melicocca have a 4-partite em 4 petals, 8 stamens, a 2-celled ovary,
a l-seeded drupe, a straight embryo as in Ne helium, and are natives of America;
which combination of characters is surely suldeient. We shall give a specific cha-
racter to the species we have before us, as there may be more than one in the East.

388. (1) S. trijuga (Willd.:) leaflets about 3 pair, oblong or broadly lan-
ceolate, acute or obtuse or retuse, quite entire, nearly glabrous: racemes
axillary or below the leaves, round the base of the young shoots, solitary,
simple or compound: drupe globose, pointed, with a dry pericarp: seeds
1-2, rarely 3—Roab.! fl. Ind. 2. p. 877 ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 385 ; Wight! cat. n.
368, 382, 283, 384.—Melicocca trijuga, Juss. in Mem. mus. 3. p. 187. t. 8;
DC. prod. 1. p. 615.—Stadmannia trijuga, Spr. syst. 2. p. 243.— Cussambium
pubescens, Ham. in Wern. trans. 5. p. 901.—C. glabrum, Ham.? c. lL—
Koon, Gertn. fr. 2. p. 486. t. 180. :

The Cingalese name is Aimbul-kon. The shape of the leaflets varies on
the same tree, and even sometimes on the same specimen. All our spec
mens have the fruit furnished more or less abundantly with stout prickles
(as in Cussambium spinosum, Ham. and Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 57), which be-
pe make their appearance when the ovary is very little advanced : as this

not been noticed by Roxburgh, it may perhaps be caused by an insect.
The petioles are usually pubescent, whence Schleichera pubescens of Roth
may perhaps be a state of this plant with one of the terminal leaflets abor-
tive, as in Rumph's We of his Cussambium, which appears to us a vety
closely allied species if not a mere variety.

TRIBE IIL.—DODONJEACEX. Camb.
Ovary containing 2-3, rarely more, ovules in each cell. Embryo spirally twisted.

VII. DODONAEA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 304.

Calyx 4- or rarely 5-partite. Petals none. Disk hypogynous, usually in-
conspicuous. Stamens 8, rarely 9 or 10, inserted on the disk or receptacle.
Style 2-3- rarely 4-cleft; the segments longitudinally stigmatose on the m-
side. Capsule 2-3-4-angled, with as many cells and valves, septicidal ; :
valves carinate and winged on the back ; central axis 2-4-angled, 2-4-winged. — |
Seeds destitute of arillus.—Shrubs with exstipulate simple or pinnate leaves. |
Flowers small, greenish yellow. ‘

389. (1) D. Burmanniana (DC.:) older branches terete, younger trique-
trous: leaves simple, quite entire, oblong-lanceolate, cuneate and ta
at the base, obtuse or acute but not attenuated at the apex, clammy: flower?
racemose: sepals ovate: capsules on longish pedicels, deeply emar at
both ends; ale 2-8, broad—DC. prod. 1. p. 616; Spr. syst. 2. p. 242 ;
Wight! cat. n. 366.—D. angustifolia, Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 256 (not? Wilid.);
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 626.—Ptelea viscosa, Burm. Ind. p. 36.—Burm. Zeyl
t. 23; Rumph. Amb. 4. t. 50. gea

MILLINGTONIA. MILLINGTONIACEÆ. 115

Rumph’s figure obviously refers to this species, although the leaves are re-
presented acuminated, but they are not said to be so in the description. We
have the same species from Mauritius, and it seems to be very common all
over the warmer parts of the East. We doubt if it, as well'as D. Jamai-
censis, spathulata, and bialata, be not all mere varieties of D. viscosa, Linn.
The proportion*of the fruit to the pedicel varies on the same specimen.

ORDER XXXVII.—MILLINGTONIACEJE.

Sepals 5, persistent, unequal, somewhat in a double series : æstivation
imbricative. Petals 5, inserted on the margin of the receptacle, decidu-
ous, alternating with the sepals, of two kinds ; three outer ones orbicular,
entire, with an imbricative estivation ; two interior smaller, acutely bifid,
resembling scales. Stamens 5, opposite to the petals, and slightly united
to them at the very base: three exterior sterile, opposite to the larger
petals ; two interior fertile, opposite to the bifid petals: filaments of the
fertile stamens flat: anther-cells globose, dehiscing transversely, placed
side by side on the inner side of the saucer-shaped connectivum. Disk
flat, thin, hypogynous, free except at its point of attachment with the
ovary and receptacle. Ovary ovate, 2-celled; ovules 2 in each cell, super-
posed. Style simple, short, and thick. Stigma slightly 2-lobed. Fruit
a 1-celled, 1-seeded drupe ; the dissepiment evanescent above, hardened
and persistent at the base. Seed with a small cavity on one side, near
the base. Albumen none or extremely thin. Embryo curved: cotyle-
dons thin, foliaceous, folded: radicle curved, pointing to the hilum.—
Trees. Leaves alternate, without stipules, entire or rarely pinnated.
Inflorescence in panicles, terminal, or axillary near the extremity of the
branches. Flowers small, inconspicuous, nearly sessile on very short pe-
duncles that are arranged along the horizontal branches of the panicles.

I. MILLINGTONIA. Roxb.

Character that of the order.

already noticed this genus at greater length in the Edin. New Phil.

Journ. for J uly 1833, p. 178; at which time we had nd seen the similar remarks

Porn by Jack (Mal. misc. 2. p- 32). The following is the character according to

l Who look on the bifid petals and abortive stamens as nectaries : wed of 3

“aves with 2 or more bracteoles. Petals3. Nectaries 5, 2 of them thin, scale-like,
d; 3 thick and fleshy. Stamens2. Stylel. Fruit a l-seeded drupe.

0. (1) M. pungens (Wall.!) leaves simple, coriaceous, lanceolate, acute

base, quite pes pated on both sides, nerves beneath with a dd

pubescence : panicle rigid, densely covered with a rusty pubescence ; rachis

terete ; flowers on the ultimate branchlets of the panicle aggregated: calyx

With 3 bracteoles ; sepals unequal, glandularly ciliated: outer petals round-

aye concave ; inner ones cleft beyond the middle, equal to the filaments.—
* & A.l in Ed. new ph. jour. l.c; Wight! cat. n. 945.——Neelgherries.

391. (2) M. simplicifolia (Roxb. :) leaves simple, membranaceous, oblong-

lanceolate, much misi at the base, quite entire, glabrous on en m >

nerves incurved and confluent near the margin: cle slender, | i:

ent; rachis angled ; flowers on the ultimate ets of the panicle

“omewhat distinct: calyx not bracteoled ; three outer sepals the larger, cili-
j ; = k2

116 MELIACEJE. Nase

ated: outer petals rounded, concave ; inner cleft almost to the base, more
than twice as short as the filaments.— Rob. fl. Ind. 1. p. 103 ; Cor. 3. t. 254;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 36; W. & A. in Ed. new ph. jour. l ¢ ; Wight! cat. n. 946.
Madura.

The description and figure given by Roxburgh are not correct as to the
dissections, as we have ascertained by a specimen from Wallich in Dr
Hooker’s herbarium.

ORDER XXXVIIL—MELIACEJE. Juss.

Sepals 3-5, distinct or more or less united: æstivation imbricative.
Petals as many as the sepals and alternating with them, longer than
the calyx, distinct, or rarely united at the base with each other or with
the stamen-tube : æstivation valvular or imbricative. Stamens usually
as many as the petals, rarely only as many, and very rarely numerous:
filaments united into a firm tube: anthers introrse, sessile within the
tube or on its margin, or adnate to the inside of the tube or its seg-
ments. Torus between the ovary and stamen-tube, either inconspicu-
ous or discoid, or tubular. Ovarium single, cells usually equal to the
number of petals, or fewer (2-3, or very rarely only 1), very rarely
twice or four times as many: ovules usually in pairs, sometimes soli-
tary, very rarely 4: styles and stigmas combined into one, very rarely
distinct. Fruit baceate, drupaceous, or capsular, with several (or 1 by
abortion) cells: dehiscence in the capsular fruits loculicidal. Seeds
with or without an arillus, never winged or flat.— Tropical (or nearly
so) trees or shrubs. Leaves without stipules, alternate or very rarely
somewhat opposite, sometimes simple and quite entire, sometimes pin-
nated, or bipinnated. Flowers bisexual, but often by abortion having
only one sex perfect.

The great characteristic of the Meliacee consists in the filaments combined into
a tube, the position of the anthers, and the wingless seeds. Aglaia and Milnea have —
only 5 anthers, pe are ba a great many ; Aglaia only 1 cell to the ovary; Turrea
sometimes 10 or 20 cells. Mi/nea? montana, Jack, has the styles and sone dis-
tak wee those oe M be may be said to have a plurilocu - esti
e cells not exceeding the number teli. à aisle atvis wd sti and the an-
thers twice as many a Big petals. petals, a single style and stigma,

Ld
TRIBE I.—MELIER. Ad. de Juss.

pou w $ enclosed within a thin fleshy albumen: cotyledons foliaceous ; radicle
protruded.

I. NAREGAMIA. W.& A.

Calyx small. cup-shaped, 5-cleft. Petals 5, very long, strap-shaped, dis-
tinct, free from the stamen-tube. Filaments united into a long slender tube,
that is inflated and globular at the apex, the mouth with 10 very slight cre-
natures, each bearing an anther: anthers spreading outwards, with a $
appendage at the apex. Ovary broadly ovate, 3-celled: ovules 2 in each
cell, collateral, pendulous. Style filiform, slender: stigma small, discoid-
capitate, with 3 short points on the apex. Capsule slightly membranaceous;
3-cornered, 3-valved ; valves orbieular. Seeds 2 in each cell, pendulous,

Menta. . MELIACE E. ; 117

curved, slightly compressed, with a very short double membrane along the
side next the axis: hilum slightly excavated.—Shrubby, glabrous. Leaves
trifoliolate: leaflets cuneate-obovate, quite entire, sessile: petiole margined.
Flowers large, on longish axillary solitary peduncles.

392. (1) N. alata (W. & A.)—Wight! cat. n. 391.— Turrza alata, Wight,
mss.—Nela-Naregam, Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 22.

II. MELIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 372.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, patent. Stamen-tube 10-cleft at the apex, with
10 anthers in the throat ; segments 2—3-partite ; anthers opposite to the seg-
ments and a little shorter, oblong, slightly apiculate. Ovary seated on a
short disk, 5-celled ; cells each with 2 superposed ovules. Style columnar,
breaking off from the top of the ovary : stigma 5-lobed. Fruit.a drupe, with
one 5-celled bony nut: cells 1-seeded.— Trees. Leaves alternate, bipinnate :
leaflets in pairs with an odd one, toothed. Peduncles axillary, simple below,
- above panicled, branched, and many-flowered.
The number of parts of the flower is occasionally increased by a fifth. -

393. (1) M. Azedarach (Linn.:) leaves deciduous; leaflets about 5 toge-
ther, obliquely ovate-lanceolate, serrated, finely acuminated, glabrous: petals
nearly glabrous.— DC. prod. 1. p. 621; Spr. syst. 3. p. 67 ; Roxb.! fl. Ind. 2.
p. 2m ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 643, 1968; Wall.! L. n. 1250; Wight! cat,
n. 402,

394. (2) M. sempervirens (Sw.?) leaves evergreen ; leaflets ovate, sometimes
cordate at the base, cut or serrated, with taper entire apices, glabrous: petals
nearly glabrous.—Rowb.! fl. Ind. 2. p. 305 ; Wall.! L. n. 1252. r

is character, principally from Roxburgh, does not well accord with that
of Swartz, although Roxburgh remarks that seeds from the West Indies pro-
duced plants quite the same as the East Indian plant. Roxburgh says that
M. sempervirens “ is perfectly distinct from Azedarak, which is a robust de-
ciduous timber tree; and this a small delicate evergreen of short duration
compared with the other:” but after examining all the specimens of both
preserved in the collection presented by the East India Company to the Lin-
nean Society, we can find no difference between them: indeed Roxburgh’s
em Specimens look so much alike as to appear as if eut from the same

395. (3) M. composita (Willd.!) young shoots, petioles, and panicles very
mealy: leaves tri- or siete rea from 3 to 7 pair to each pinnule,
ovate, aeuminated, crenulated, glabrous: calyx and petals mealy.— Willd.
sp. 3. p. 559; Spr.? syst. 8. p. 67; Wight! cat. n. 400.—M. superba, Roxb. fl.
Ind. 2. p. 396 ; Wall.! L. n. 1254.—M. robusta, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 997 ; in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 1969.— —Malabar. Mysore. vu uM

We have the authority of Dr Wallich's specimen for considering this to be
M. superba of Roxburgh, although Roxburgh says that the leaflets are cordate
at the base ; and it corresponds precisely with his description and figure. E
M. robusta, as well as with a specimen from the Calcutta garden in Hami-
ton's herbarium. We therefore do not hesitate to unite them, the more espe-
cially as both were found by Dr Berry in the forests of Malabar.

IH. AZADIRACHTA. Ad. de Juss.

Calyx 5-partite. Petals 5, patent. Stamen-tube bearing 10 anthers in the
throat, shortly 10-lobed ; lobes reflexed : anthers opposite to the lobes, and
out equal to them, oblong. Ovary seated ori a short disk, 3-eclled, ovules
2 in each cell, collateral, pendulous. Style columnar: stigma 3-partite, the

118 MELIACEJE. MILNEA.

lobes conical. Fruit drupaceous, by abortion 1-celled and 1-seeded.—4A tree
with glabrous shoots. Leaves simply pinnated ; leaflets unequal sided, gla-
brous, serrated. Panicles axillary.

The number of parts of the flower is occasionally decreased by a fifth.

396. (1) A. Indica (Ad. de Juss.)—Ad. Juss. in. mem. mus. 19. t. 13;
Wight ! cat. n. 401.—Melia azadiracta, Linn.; DC. prod. 1. p. 622 ; Spr. Syst.
3. p. 67: Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 394; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 94; Roth. nov. sp.
p. 215; Wall.! L. n. 1251.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 155 Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 52.

IV. MALLEA. . Ad. de Juss.

Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, patent. Stamen-tube deeply 10-cleft; each
division acutely bifid and bearing an anther on the inside between the seg-
ments: anthers erect, cordate, slightly apiculate. Ovary 5-celled: ovules 2
in each cell, collateral, pendulous. Style short, clavate: stigma hemispheri-
eal, pointed with 5 small lobes. Fruit (a nuculanium) with a fleshy epicarp,
containing 5 bony indehiscent 1-seeded nuts.—Shrubby. Leaves unequally
pinnated ; leaflets opposite, unequal sided, quite entire or serrated above the
middle. Peduncles axillary, below simple, above with the flowers in a co-
rymb or panicle.

397. (1) M. Rothii (Ad. de Juss.)—Ad. de Juss. in mem. mus. 19. t. 18;
Wight! cat. n. 399.—Melia baccifera, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. t. 95; Roth.
nov. sp. p. 215; DC. prod. 1. p. 622.—Ekebergia Indica, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2.
p. 892; Wall.! L. n. 1256. |

We regret that M. de Jussieu has given the above specific name, as Roth
eertainly did not deserve the honour from the meagre description he bas
given of a plant that was already named to him: we regret also the generic
name, as the vernacular name Malle-notchi given by Leschenault is probably
from some mistake, the Telingee name being Pooroodona.

.

TRIBE U.—TRICHILIERZ. Ad. de Juss.

_ Embryo without albumen ; ne thick: radicle short, commonly concealed
within the cotyledons.—Leaves alternate, simply pinnated ; leaflets quite entire.

V. MILNEA. Roxb.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, concave, erect. Stamens 5, closely combined
into a globose slightly 5-toothed urceolus: anthers included. Ovary 2-9-
celled: ovules 1-2 in each cell, peritropal, attached to the axis. Style b
very short and thick (or 2?): stigma truncated and scarcely broader than
the style (or 2?). Fruit a dry berry, usually by abortion 1-seeded. Seed
covered with a complete fleshy arillus—Trees or shrubs, the young parts
with a scaly pubescence. Leaves unequally pinnated ; leaflets almost oppo
site. Flowers in axillary panicles.

In the state of flower we can point out no certain character to distinguish this
genus from Aglaia, for the number of cells and position of the ovules is, in our species
very difficult of determination. As the fruit advances, the dissepiment is more Com
spicuous, even when all the cells become abortive but one. We suspect that sev
of Blume’s species of Aglaia belong to this. As to M. montana, Jack. (Lin.

14. p. 117), we should have looked on it as a species of Aglaia in the normal states
particularly as Loureiro keen to have seen pa odorata in China with two sti
and therefore probably with two cells to the ovary ; and this is further confirm b
the circumstance that neither Jack nor Roxburgh have ever seen A. odorata attem
to produce fruit, the ovary being most likely deformed, in which state also are hat
Re we have ourselves seen from China. We should not therefore doubt t

. montana and Aglaia odorata are congeners, and perhaps even that Milnea mit
be united to Aglaia, but that Blume says that Aglaia has the seed without
which Milnea and even M. montana certainly has.

E
:
1

Amoora. MELIACE.E. 119

398. (1) M. Rowburghiana (W. & A.:) leaflets about two pair with an odd
one, elliptic-oblong, acute or.slightly cuneate at the base, paler beneath:
petioles terete: panicles longer than the leaves: petals elliptical ; urceolus
of stamens sessile: ovary 2-celled: berry ovoid, 1-seeded.— Wight ! cat. n.
311.—Walsura ? lanceolata, Wall.! L. n. 4886.—— Southern provinces.

e arillus is complete as in the genus.

VI. AMOORA. Rowb.—Aphanamixis. Blume.

Polygamous. Calyx 3-leaved, with 2 or more subtending bracteoles in the
female, usually without them in the male. Petals 3, broad, concave, patu-
lous. Stamen-tube between globose and campanulate, obtusely 6-lobed at
the apex, bearing 6 anthers on the inside about the middle: anthers included,
opposite to the lobes, oblong, trigonal, attached by the back. Ovary depress-
ed, 3-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell, superposed. Stigma nearly sessile, pyra-
midal, 3-angled. Fruit a coriaceous capsule, 3-celled, 3-valved, loculicidal.
Seeds solitary in each cell, attached by their middle, enclosed wholly or in
part in a fleshy arillus. Cotyledons usually combined: radicle superior.—
Trees. Leaves unequally pinnate, with many pairs of unequal sided leaflets.
Inflorescence of male flowers panicled ; of the fertile racemose or spicate. -

Spherosaeme polystachya, Wall.! L. n. 1277 (Aglaia polystachya, Wall. in fl. Ind.)

belongs to this genus. S. Java, Wall.! L. n. 4894, is another species, and not dis-
tinct as we think from Amoora cucullaia, Roxb. (Buchanania mula, df Wal.

and Sph. polystachya, Wall. L. n. 1277. d.) But the original Spherosacme of Wal-

lich (Aglaia decandra, Wall.! in fl. Ind.) has 10 stamens, and appears to us to be
a species of Lansium of Jack and Blume, from which genus there is no character
given to separate the New Holland Nemedra eleagnoidea, Juss., all having the same
conformation of the stamen tube; but the fruit of Nemedra is unknown, and the
female inflorescence is panicled.

399. (1) A. Rohituka (W. & A.:) leaflets opposite, about 6 pairs, obliquely
oblong, glabrous, not prominently reticulated beneath: petioles when young
with a few scattered short hairs on their lower part, soon quite glabrous:
panicles of male flowers shorter than the leaves ; fertile numerous, in solitary
peduncled erect elongated spikes rather more than half the length of the
leaves.— Wight! cat. n. 397, 398.—Andersonia Rohituka, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2.
p.213; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 934 and 1827.—Spherosacme Rohituka, Wall.!
L. n. 1278 (male).—S. spicata, Wall.! L.n. 4895 (bisex.)—Meliacea Wightiana, |
Wall.! (in herb. Lin. Soc.) L. n. 4888 (fruit).

Of Wallich's L. n. 1278, we have seen his a and f: both are male flowers,
and from the locality, it is not improbable that all the letters except f belong
to A. cucullata, Roxb. Cor. 3. t. 258, from which this species principally dif-

by the numerous spicate bisexual and female flowers, and leaves with
usually more numerous leaflets. From Aphanamizis Timorensis, Ad. de Juss.,
It is still more difficult to distinguish it, unless that species have the veins of
the leaves prominently reticulated beneath. si

VH. SANDORICUM. Cav.; Lam. ill. t. 350.

Calyx shortly and obtusely 5-lobed. Petals 5, patent, distinct. Stamen-
tube cy lindrical, 10-toothed, bearing 10 anthers on the inside: anthers in-
eluded, opposite to the teeth and applied to them, erect, cordate. Torus
expanding upwards into a short membranaceous tube, sheathing the base of
the style, torn and 5-toothed at the apex. Ovary half immersed in the bot-
tom of the calyx: ovules 2 in each cell, closely collateral, pendulous. Style
columnar, Stigma long, simple and globose at the base, above 5-lobed, with
the lobes emarginate and slightly diverging. Fruit baccate, apple-like, 5-

120 MELIACEJE. W ALSURA.

celled, 1-2-cells being often abortive. Seeds solitary in each cell, arillate ;
arillus parchment-like, pulpy on the outside. Cotyledons very thick; ra-
dicle superior.—Trees. Leaves trifoliolate. Panicles axillary. Flowers
crowded on the partial peduncles.

400. (1) S. Indicum (Cav. :)—Cav. diss. 7. t. 202, 203; DC. prod. 1. p. 621;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 67; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 392; Wall.! L. n. 1249 ; Wight! cat.
n. 404.— Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 64.—Trichilia nervosa, Vahl; DC. prod. 1. p.
623; Spr. syst. 3. p. 68.—T. venosa, Spr. syst. 3. p. 68.—Melia Koetjape,
Burm.——M ysore.

VIII. WALSURA. Roxb.

Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Stamen-tube deeply 10-cleft;
divisions linear, bifid (or only alternately? bifid) at the apex, with an erect
apiculate anther on the inside between each segment. Ovarium roundish,
immersed in but not covered by the fleshy annular disk, 2- (or occasionally
3-) celled: ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, suspended from the axis near
the apex. Style clavate, short; stigma spherical, with 2 (or occasionally 3)
points or lobes at the apex. Fruit baccate, 1-celled. Seed solitary, with an
arillus.—Trees. Leaves usually trifoliate, but occasionally with 2 or 4 leaflets.
Panicles stalked, axillary or terminal.

We exclude from this genus W. robusta, Roxb., which perhaps does not belong
to the order: in it the petals and stamens are decidedly perigynous; the filaments
broad, quite distinct to the base, acute and entire at the apex, and bearing each an
erect anther at its extremity; the style, stigma, ovary, and fruit, however, pend er
those of a Walsura. Trichilia? villosa, Wall.! L. n. 1264, belongs undoubtedly to
Walsura; and we think also Xylocarpus Antila, Ham. in Wall. L. n. 4893.

401. (1) W. piscidia (Roxb.:) leaflets oblong: panicles nearly quite gla-
brous; divisions of the stamen-tube all bifid —Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 388; Wall.!
L. n. 1265 ; Wight! cat. n. 394, 395.—Heynea trifolia, Ad. de Juss. in mem.
mus. 19.

+402. (2) W. ternata (Roxb.:) leaflets narrow-lanceolate: divisions of
stamen-tube alternately bifid and rounded.—Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 289.

With this we are not acquainted. — Roxburgh may have overlooked
the segments of the shorter divisions of the stamen-tube, in which case it
may not differ specifically from the first species.

IX. HEYNEA. Road.

Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petals 5, distinct. Stamen-tube deeply 10-cleft;
divisions linear, forked at the apex ; the segments with an erect, apiculate
anther between them. Ovary immersed in the disk and covered by it, 2-
. celled: ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, pendulous from near the apex.
Style short, clavate. Stigma spherical, tipped with 2 lobes or points. Fruit
fleshy but capsular, 1-celled, 2-valved. Seed solitary, arillate. Cotyledons
very thick: radicle superior.—Trees. Leaves pinnate: leaflets of several
pairs. Panicles axillary, stalked.

Sometimes the flowers have a fifth part less. This genus and the last differ con-
siderably in habit, but both present nearly the same characters except in the
which here opens, there is indehiscent ; in both it is fleshy. We ourselves have n
seen the fruit of Heynea, but Roxburgh says it is a round fleshy capsule, 2-valved,
** opening round the apex." Guarea is a somewhat allied genus, but does not occur
i t India. G. binectarifera, Roxb.!, with which G. Gotadhora, Ham.! in Wern.
Soc. Trans. 6. p. 307, and in Wall. L. n. 4984, seems identical, although without
an arillus appears to be a species of Epicharis (E. exarillata, Arn.) G. panicu-

XYLOCARPUS. MELIACE JE. 1201) '

lata, Roxb. (Wall. L. n. 4882), we have not seen, the specimen sent along with that
name by Dr Wallich to Dr Hooker, being by some accident a species of Garcinia ;
but from Roxburgh's description it must be a species of Disoxylon. G. alliaria,
Ham.! l. c., although with an arillus, belongs apparently to Hartighesia (H. alliaria,
Arn.); G. Gobara, Ham.! 1. c. (Wall. L. n. 4883), seems to be also a species of that
genus. Of G. amaris, Ham. l. c., the flowers are unknown ; it has no arillus, and is
probably a Disozylon; and is we think the same as D. multijugum, Arn., or Guarea
paniculata, Roxb.

403. (1) H. affinis (Juss.:) leaflets in 3 pairs, glabrous in the axils of the
nerves, obliquely ovate, acuminated, extreme points bluntish : calyx segments
with a callous tip: each forked segment of the stamen tube with a line of
white hairs on the back running from the fork downwards,—Ad. de Juss. in
mem. mus. 19; Wight! cat. n. 363.—H. trijuga, Waill.! L. n. 1258. d, e,
(not a~e.) ;

X. XYLOCARPUS. Koen.

Calyx urceolate, 4-cleft. Petals 4, distinct, reflexed. Stamen-tube urceo-
late, 8-cleft at the apex, the segments acute, bipartite: anthers 8, included,
erect, opposite to the segments. Ovary seated on a disk broader than itself
and concave, 4-furrowed, 4-celled; cells 1-5-ovuled. Style short, with a
broad concave discoid stigma. Fruit (large) spherical, 6-12-seeded: peri-
carp splitting into 4 valves opposite to the dissepiments; the dissepiments
attenuated into membranes and nearly obliterated. Seeds inserted on the
remains of the central axis, ascending, angled, with a spongy integument.
Cotyledons very thick, combined: radicles short, dorsal— Trees. Leaves
abruptly pinnated. Panicles axillary or terminal. Flowers few, lax.

, 404. (1) X. Granatum (Koen. :) leaflets in 2 pairs, elliptical, obtuse, some-
times slightly acute at the base, glabrous.— Rob. fl. Ind. 2. p. 240 ; Wight!
cat. n. 964.— Carapa moluccensis, Lam. ; Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 61 Se: i

We have only seen the unexpanded flowers. | Ours, we believe, is certainly
the plant of Koenig and Roxburgh, but we have some doubts about its being
that of Lamarck, which is said to have ovate and acute leaflets. Dr Wallich
has it not in his List, but a specimen from that botanist in Dr Hooker's her-

Un marked, perhaps by mistake, X. Granatum, is Amoora cucullata,
xb.

ORDER XXXIX.—CEDRELACEJ/E. R. Brown.

Calyx of 4-5 sepals, or 4-5 cleft. Petals as many as, and alternate
with, the segments of the calyx, distinct, sometimes unguiculate : zsti-
vation twisted or convolutive. Stamens twice as many as the petals;
those opposite to the petals shorter than the others, sometimes sterile
or even deficient : filaments inserted on the hypogynous disk along with
the petals ; sometimes broad, flat, 2-toothed at the apex, and united by
their margins into an 8—10-anthered tube ; sometimes subulate, distinct,
each l-anthered at the apex : anthers fixed by the back at their base or
- their middle, introrse or at length versatile, 2-celled, dehiscing lon-
Situdinally. Torus supporting the ovary, or placed round its base and
cohering with it, or longer than the ovary and tubular and sheathing it.
Ovary free, with as many cells as petals, rarely with fewer (3) : ovules
4-8-12, or more, in each cell, in a double row: style simple: stigma

122 : CEDRELACE E. Soymipa.

sometimes as narrow as the style, usually broader and discoid, marked
by 3-5 angles or lobes. Fruit woody, capsular, 3—5-celled, 3—5-valved;
valves separating from the thick axis, which is 3-5-angled or winged
by the dissepiments that are opposite to the margins of the valves.
Seeds in a double row close to the inner angle of the cells, without an
arillus, flat, and winged, imbricated. Albumen thin and fleshy, or none.
Radicle very small : cotyledons thin, foliaceous, large.— Trees. Leaves
alternate, exstipulate, pinnated. Flowers panicled, bisexual, or usually
unisexual from the abortion of the anthers or ovary.

TRIBE I.—SWIETENIER. Juss.

Corolla twisted in estivation. Filaments united into a tube. Hilum usually si-
tuated at a distance from the embryo and at the apex of the wing which is then tra-

— by the raphe ; rarely close to the embryo, the wing expanding in an opposite
irection.

I. SOYMIDA. Ad. de Juss.

Sepals 5, imbricated. Petals 5, patent, shortly unguiculate. Stamen-tube
cup-shaped, thickened upwards into 10 lobes, which cohere together by their
base, but are free and 2-toothed at the apex, with an anther between the
teeth: anthers nearly included, obovate, attached by their back at the apex.
Ovarium seated on the disk, which is broader than itself and covers the bot-
tom of the tube, 5-celled: ovules 12 in each cell. Style short, equal, 5-
angled: stigma thick, peltate, 5-angled. Fruit capsular, oblong-obovate, 5-
celled, 5-valved, dehiscing from the apex, septifragal: the thin woody sarco-
carp in each valve becoming detached from the endocarp, and both from the
large persistent axis that is 5-angled by the dissepiments. Seeds pendulous
from the top of the axis, imbricated in each cell, flat, expanding on all sides,
but particularly upwards (with the hilum at the extremity) and downwards,
into a wing. Embryo nearly straight: cotyledons 2-auricled at the apex;
radical conical, pointing upwards, concealed between the auricles of the co-
tyledons.—Leaves abruptly pinnate : leaflets opposite, 3-6-pair, oval-oblong,
obtuse. Panicles large, terminal, or in the axils of the uppermost leaves.

405. (1) S. febrifuga (Juss.)—Ad. de Juss. in mem. mus. 19 ; Wight! cat.

n. 403, 405.—Swietenia febrifuga, Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 17 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 398; DC-

prod. 1. p. 625; Spr. syst. 3. p. 69; Wall.! L. n. 1266.—S. rubra, Rottl.! in
Wall. L. n. 4899. 2 x Hee

II. CHICKRASSIA. Ad. de Juss.

Calyx short, 5-toothed. Petals 5, erect. Stamen-tube cylindric-oblong;
10-crenated, the crenatures each bearing 1 terminal anther: anthers ovate,
exserted, erect. Ovary oblong, seated on a short disk of its own breadth,
3-celled: ovules numerous in each cell, Style short, thick, scarcely distinct
' in appearance from the ovary: stigma capitate, 3-lobed upwards. Fruit cap-

sular, ovoid, 3-celled, 3-valved, dehiseing from the apex, septifragal: the
woody sarcocarp separating from the endocarp, and both from the large per-
sistent axis that is 3-winged by the dissepiments, Seeds numerous, imbrica-
ted in a double series horizontally across each cell, flat, expanding down ware*
(at the opposite extremity from the hilum) into a wing. Cotyledons orbicu-

CaroRoxvLoN. CEDRELACEJE. 123

lar, not auricled: radicle superior, cylindrical-oblong, oblique, exserted,
applied to the edge of the cotyledons at their top—Leaves abruptly pin-
nated, occasionally bipinnate in luxuriant plants: leaflets nearly opposite.
Panicles terminal. Flowers pretty large. |

Sometimes the number of parts of the flower is diminished by a fifth. Jussieu
makes the generic name Chukrassia, on the supposition that the native name was
correctly given in the Hort. Bengh. In the Flor. Ind., however, it is said to be
Chikrassee, and we have therefore reverted as nearly as possible to that given by
Roxburgh as a specific appellation. ;

406. (1): C. tabularis (Juss. :) leaflets 5-8-paired, obliquely ovate-oblong,
unequal sided, obtusely acuminated, quite entire, more or less conspicuous,
hairy in the axils of the nerves beneath: panicles terminal, erect.—Ad. de
Juss. in mem. mus. 19; Wight! cat. n. 392—Swietenia Chickrassa, Roxb.
fi. Ind. 2. p. 399 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1062.—Plagiotaxis Chickrassa, Wail.!
A s 1269.—Cedrele species, Wall.! L. n. 4892.—— —Cunnawady-hills near

ygul.

Dr Wallich enumerates two other species of his genus Plagiotazis: of both
of these we have examined the flowers: the one, P. velutina, Wall. L. n. 1270,
is a true species of Chickrassia ; the other, P. grandiflora, Wall. L. n. 1271,
belongs to the Meliacee and to Disoxylon of Blume, as limited by M. Adr. de
Jussieu; the petals are however often 6, and are united below with the
stamen-tube.

TRIBE Il.—CEDRELEX. Ad. de Juss.

Corolla with a convolutive or twisted-convolutive zstivation. Filaments distinct.
um situated at the extremity of the seed nearest the embryo.

III. CHLOROXYLON. DC.

Calyx short, 5-partite. Petals 5, shortly unguiculate, patent. Filaments
10, patent, awl-shaped, attenuated upwards, all bearing anthers: anthers
versatile, cordate, apiculate, fixed by the middle of their back. Disk 10-
sinuated ; each sinus bearing a stamen, those alternating with the petals the
larger. Ovary half immersed in the disk and adnate with it, 3-furrowed,
3-celled: ovules 8 in each cell, ascending. Fruit capsular, oblong, 3-celled,
3-valved, dehiscing from the apex, septifragal Seeds about 4 in each cell,
ascending, extending upwards (in an opposite direction from the hilum) into
à wing.—Leaves abruptly pinnate: leaflets pale-coloured, small, numerous,
alternate or nearly opposite, unequal sided, with minute pellucid dots.
Panicle terminal, large, branched. |

407. (1) C. swietenia (DC.:)—DC. prod. 1. p. 625; Wall.! L. n. 1268;
Wight ! o, n. oen ug gr t ad RAD. Cor. 1. t. 64; fl. Ind. 2.
P. 400; Spr. syst. 2. p. 69. ;

We have not had an opportunity of examining the ripe fruit.

IV. CEDRELA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 197; Gertn. fr. 94.

Calyx short, 5-cleft. Petals 5, erect, furnished on the inside on the middle
With a longitudinal plait or keel towards the base. Stamens and pistillum on
à common stalk. Disk adnate with the stalk, glandular, 5-ribbed, concrete
between the ribs with the interposed plaits of the petals, 5-lobed at the apex.
Filaments 10, inserted on the summit of the disk ; the 5 alternate with the
Petals subulate, bearing anthers ; the other 5, opposite to the petals, very
short, sterile, or usually wanting: anthers cordate, attached by their back a
little above the base, at first introrse, at length versatile. Ovary on the top

124 AMPELIDER. Viris,

of the stalk and disk, 5-celled: ovules 8-12 in each cell Style short, 5-
angled, deciduous: stigma peltate, obscurely 5-angled, marked above with
5 rays. Fruit capsular, 5-celled, 5-valved, dehiscing from the apex ; valves
separating from the persistent axis which is 5-angled by the dissepiments.
Seeds suspended from the top of the axis, produced downwards into a wing.
Albumen fleshy in small quantity, firmly adhering to the thin spongy in-
tegument of the seed. Embryo nearly erect: radicle superior, shorter than
the cotyledons, exserted.—Leaves pinnated ; leaflets opposite or nearly so,
many-paired, unequal sided. Panicles terminal, large, pyramidal.

Occasionally the flowers exhibit the quaternary and senary arrangements.

408. (1) C. Toona (Roxb.:) leaves abruptly pinnate ; leaflets from 6 to 12
pair, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, slightly undulated on the margin, quite
entire or slightly and distinctly toothed, glabrous: panicles drooping: petals
ciliated : sterile filaments none: ovary with a very short stalk, and 8 ovules
in each cell: capsule oblong.—Rowb. Cor. 3. t. 238; fl. Ind. 1. p. 635; (ed.
Wall. 2. p. 423; Roth. nov. sp. p. 162; DC. prod. 1. p. 624; Spr. syst. 1.
p. 795 ; Wall.! L. n.1272; Wight ! cat. n. 393.—Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 39.

A specimen sent from Java to Dr Hooker is named, and probably correctly,
C. febrifuga, Blume: if so, we cannot see the slightest character to separate
it from the present species. We suspect that there is some mistake about C.
villosa, Roxb., mentioned in the Hort. Bengh., as Roxburgh omits it in the
Flora Indica. The specimens from Nepal alone have the leaves toothed, but
they do not appear to constitute a distinct species, even although the sta-
mens be usually six ; it was therefore called C. hexandra by Dr Wallich.

ORDER XL.—AMPELIDE/E. Rich.

Calyx small, nearly entire. Petals 4-5, sometimes cohering above,
and calyptriform : æstivation valvate. Stamens 4-5, opposite to the
petals : filaments distinct, or slightly cohering at the base, or attached
to the outside of a 5-lobed urceolus (formed of abortive stamens con-
nected together by an expansion of the torus): anthers ovate, versatile.
Torus an annular disk, bearing the petals on its exterior, and the sta-
mens on its surface. Ovarium 2-celled with the ovules in pairs, or 6-
celled with the ovules solitary: ovules erect: style 1, short: stigma
simple. Berry globose, pulpy, 2- (or often by abortion 1-) celled.
Seeds 1-6, erect: testa hard. Albumen horny. Embryo erect: ra-
dicle slender, inferior: cotyledons lanceolate or subulate.— Usually
climbing shrubs. Leaves, lower ones opposite, upper alternate, with
racemes opposite to them, which are sometimes abortive, and change
into tendrils.

I. VITIS. ` Linn. ; R. Brown ; Gaertn. fr. t. 106.

Calyx nearly entire. Petals 4-5, distinct and patent, or united at the apex
but distinct at the base, and falling off like a calyptra. Torus elevated in the
centre, and surrounding the lower part of the ovary, with which it is incor-
porated, girt at the base by a short ring (expansion of the torus) upon which
the stamens are inserted. Ovary partly enclosed within the torus, 2- (or 0¢-
easionally 3-) celled. Ovules 2 in each cell. Berry 1-2- (or occasionally
3-) celled, 1—4-seeded.—Peduncles usually changed, occasionally in whole
or in part, into tendrils.

. Vitis. AMPELIDEJE. 125

.$ 1. Petals 4, usually distinct at the apex : stamens 4: style usually as long
as the ovary : peduncles wholly either floriferous or changed into tendrils.
Cissus, Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 84.

+ Leaves simple, entire, or lobed.

409. (1) V. inequalis (Wall.) glabrous: stems slender, 4-angled: stipules
ear-shaped : leaves ovate or oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cordate or
obliquely truneated at the base, entire, with close-pressed bristly serratures :
umbels sessile: fruit obovate (size of a pepper-corn).—Wall.! `L. n. 6010 ;
Wight ! cat. n. 419.—V. diversifolia, Wall.! L. n. 5996.—Cissus sicyoides,
Herb. Klein! .—C. inzequalis, Herb. Heyne!.—— Travancore.

410. (2) V. quadrangularis (Wall.:) glabrous: stems 4-angled, winged :
«drm lunate, entire: leaves cordate-ovate, serrulated, short petioled: um-
bels shortly peduncled : petals distinct: fruit globose (size of a large pea),
very acrid, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—Wall.! L. n. 5992 ; Wight! cat. n. 423.—Cis-
sus quadrangularis, Linn.!; DC. prod. 1. p. 568 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 448 ; Rowxb.!
Al. Ind. 1. p. 407 ; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 426.— Rheed. Mal. 7.t. 41 ; Rumph. Amb. 5.
t. 44. f. 2; Pluk. t. 310. f. 6.

V. glaberrima, Wall.! L. n. 5991, differs from this in the shape of the leaves.

We allude to his specimens from “ Singapore ;” for as to some mixed with `

them from <“ Penang," they havé the stem bluntly angled, and are more al-
lied to V. inequalis, although quite distinct also from it.

All. (3) V. repanda (W. & A.:) young parts tomentose : stems terete :
stipules oblong : leaves cordate-roundish, shortly acuminated, entire, repand-

toothed or serrated; young ones tomentose, particularly on the under side: `

tendrils none: umbels compound, peduncled: petals falling off lesa ng
the apex.— Wight ! cat. n. 409, 413.—V. Wightiana, Wall.! L. n. 6003.—Cis-
TE rne Vahl, symb. 3. p. 18; DC. prod. 1. p. 627 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 448.
Mp aa Rottl. ; Willd. in am. act. cur. Berol. 4. p. 183; DC. prod. 1.
P. 029.

412. (4) V. Heyneana (Wall.:) glabrous, pale green ; young shoots slight-
ucous: stems eae rae seg S cordate: leaves cordate, shortly
acuminated, entire, with shallow, distant, incurved serratures ; adult ones
glabrous, firm, and coriaceous: tendrils stout, flexuose, simple : cymes com-
Pact, few-flowered, scarcely so long as the petiole: petals distinct: style
slender : stigma slightly capitate: fruit obovate, 1-2-seeded.— Wall.! L. n.
5988, a, b; Wight ! L. n. 978——Travancore.

413. (5) V. pallida (W. &. A. :) nearly glabrous, or with young parts very .

slightly pubescent, pale green: young shoots scarcely glaucous: stems te-
rete : stipules cordate: leaves broadly cordate, shortly acuminated, entire,
With shallow distant glandular incurved serratures; adult ones glabrous:
Cymes on long peduneles, with 3-5 primary branches ; ultimate branches um-
bellate, in fruit recurved : petals distinct: style slender: stigma slightly capi-
tate: fruit about 1-2-seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 414.—V. Heyneana, Wall.! L.
^ 9988, c-f.— Cissus vitiginea, Roxb. (not Linn.) fl. Ind. 1. p. 406 ; (ed. Wall.)
l. p. 424 sin E, I. C. mus. t. 539. s

Perhaps Dr Wallich was correct in uniting this with the last, but the inflo-
fy cece appears very different. Both, as well as that which follows, have
the leaves of a pe or whitish green when dried, and were, perhaps, all unit-
ed by Roxburgh under his C. vitiginea, Can this be a state of V. Linnei
growing in wet places ?

41, (6) V. repens (W. & A.:) glabrous, pale green; young shoots glau-
cous : stem terete : spall senda, batidó : leaves cordate-ovate, acumi-
nated, entire, with distant sharp spiniform teeth: umbels peduncled, rays
again umbelliferous : petals distinct: style longer than the ovary: stigma ca-
Pitate: fruit globose, about 1-seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 965.—V. glauca, Wall.!
5 ‘ >

126 AMPELIDEE. - Xmá

L. n. 5990, a-f.—Cissus repens, Lam.; DC. prod. 1. p. 628 ; Spr. syst. 1.
p. 447.—Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 48.

We consider the following to be Roxburgh's C. glauca. Roxburgh quotes
under his C. cordata (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1527.) the above synonym of
Rheede, and that being the only authority for Cissus repens, Lam., Dr Wal-
lich has called it V. repens (L. n. 5999, a !, with which his V. glauca, L. n.
5990, g ! is identical) : but C. cordata, Roxb., we have not seen from the Pe-
ninsula, and the figure of Rheede corresponds much better with what we call
V. repens. As to V. repens, Wall. L. n. 5999. b! it belongs to V. adnata, and
is precisely the same with his n. 5998. 4/ We may further remark, that V. —
cordata, Wall. L. n. 6008, is different from any of the above ; and his b (with
which n. 5998. f. (partly) is the same) is a distinct species from his a, and
more allied to our F. glauca.

415. (7) V. glauea (W. & A.:)glabrous; young shoots very glaucous:
stems terete: stipules broadly reniform, glaucous: leaves broadly cordate,
obtuse or shortly acuminated, entire or the large ones angled, with small
bristly serratures: cymes compound, with 3-5-primary divisions ; ultimate
branches umbellate : petals distinct: style slender: stigma slightly capitate:
fruit globose (size of a pea), about 1-seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 418.—V. Klei-
nii, Wall. ! L. n. 6008. a. b.—Cissus glauca, Roxb. fi. Ind. 1. p. 406 ; (ed. Wall.)
1. p. 425; DC. prod. 1. p. 628; Spr. syst. 1. p. 447.—C. purpureus, Roxb. in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 540. :

The leaves become blackish in drying.

416. (8) V. adnata (Wall.:) young parts densely pubescent: young shoots
4-angled: stipules oval, adnate, with a flat gland in their lower half: leaves
broadly cordate, acuminated, entire, with bristly serratures ; under side co-
vered with dense and often rusty coloured tomentum ; upper at first pubes-
cent, at length nearly glabrous: umbels peduncled, rays again umbelliferous :
petals distinct: style as long as the ovary : stigma capitate: fruit (size of a
pea) usually 1-celled: seeds usually solitary—Wall.! L. n. 5998; Wight!
cat. n. 408.—V. repens, Wall.! L.n. 5999. b.—Cissus adnata, Rob. ! fl. Ind.1.
p. 405 ; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 428; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1787 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 627.
Spr. syst. 1. p. 447.—C. latifolia, Vahl. (not Lam.) symb. 3. p. 185 DC. prod.
1. p. 628; Spr. syst. 1. p. 447. fe

We have examined Wallich's n. 5998, a, b, d, e, f (as to ** C. vitiginea )
and h, and find them to accord, although some of them have smaller and firm-
er leaves, with less rusty pubescence than others : from a casual glance at
other letters, we have every reason to think them also the same. To this spe-
cies is closely allied the C. vitiginea of Willdenow in the Enum. hort. Berol,
and of De Candolle ! and petam of Vahl, as well as of those botanists who
are only acquainted with the cultivated plant of that name ; it, however, has
much rounder and broader leaves than V. adnata ; we have not seen its fruit,
nor, perhaps, does that described by Vahl belong to it.

417. (9) V. Linnei (Wall. :) every part covered with a dense short to-
mentum, except the old stems and the upper side of the leaves becoming at
length nearly glabrous: stem and branches terete ; young shoots and pedun-
cles compressed : stipules oval: leaves broadly cordate, from 5-angled with

the upper angles slightly acute to deeply 5-lobed with the lobes ovate blunt-
ish and the sinus rounded, closely serrated; serratures bluntish : inflorés-
cence compound-umbellate or eymose, peduncled, about as long as the leaves; |
pedicels in fruit recurved : petals distinet: style conspicuous, longish: fruit ;
oblong, bluish, and glaucous.—Wall. ! L. n. 5987 ; Wight! cat. n. 420, 421: :
Cissus vitiginea, Linn. ; herb. Banks!—C. angulata, Lam.; DC. prod. le — —
rm : yt syst. 1. p. 448.—C. Indica, Ken! in herb. Banks ; Pluk. t. 381-

When the leaves are lobed with a broad sinus, there is usually a large tri
angular tooth at the bottom of the sinus. This ap to be the true Lin-
næan Cissus vitiginea ; and, we think, the description of the fruit in Vahl,

ee E

View. ; AMPELIDE. 197

(perhaps copied from Petiver, mus. n. 696.) but not of the rest of the plant,
belongs to it. C. vitiginea, Willd. en. hort. Ber., is, as we have already
mentioned, a species allied to V. adnata, and is, we suspect, from its standing
the elimate of the south of France (whence the specimen before us was ob-
tained), not a native of India, but of Persia, as is stated by Sprengel.

+ + Leaves digitate ; leaflets 3-5.

418. (10) V. Rheedei (W. & A.:) glabrous: stipules oval: leaves trifolio-
late, upper ones often only deeply 3-cleft ; leaflets distantly bristle-toothed,
oblong-lanceolate, sharply acuminated in the lower part of the stem petiolate,
in the upper part sessile, but tapering much at the base ; lateral ones unequal
sided: umbels compound, about equal to the petiole : petals distinct: style
slender, conspicuous: fruit globose, 1-seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 431.—V. he-
terophylla, Wall. ! L. n. 6036.—Cissus trilobata, Lam. ; DC. prod. 1. p. 629.
—C. heterophylla. Herb. Madr.! (not Poir.).—Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 45. (good.)

419. (11) V. setosa (Wall. :) clothed with scattered glandular bristly hairs,
but otherwise glabrous: stem herbaceous: stipules ovate: leaves succulent,
trifoliolate, without a common petiole ; leaflets stalked, roundish, ovate, or
obovate, obtuse, with sharp numerous bue e bristly serratures: eymes pe-
duncled, with divaricating branches: pe distinct : elevated. part of the
torus 4-lobed, lobes large and gland-like : style conspicuous : berries (red)
ovoid, hairy, 1-seeded.—Wall.! L. n. 6009 ; Wight ! cat. n. 422.—Cissus seto-
Sus, Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 1. p. 410; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 428; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 542 ;
DC. prod. 1. p. 630 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 448.

420. (12) V. carnosa (Wall.:) young parts clothed with a short dense pu-
scence, older glabrous: stem compressed, striated: stipules oblong: leaves
trifoliolate on longish petioles ; leaflets stalked, roundish or ovate or obovate,
acute or obtuse, crenate-serrated : cymes peduncled, compound : petals dis-
tinct: style conspicuous: berries black, 2-4-seeded.—Cissus carnosa, Roxb.
A. Ind. 1. p. 409; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 427.—z; leaflets ovate, acute or acumi-
nated.—C. carnosa, Wall.! L. n. 6018.—V. crenata, Wall.! L. n. 6021, e, f.
—C. acida, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 541.—C. cinerea, Lam.; DC. prod.
1. p. 631; Spr. syst. 1. p. 448.—Rheed. Mal. 7. t.9; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 166.
J. 2.—58; leaflets ovate, bluntish— Wight! cat. n. 424, 426.—V. crenata,
- "erm n. 6021, a, by g.— V. auriculata, Wall. ! L. n. he inc car-
osa, - 3 Vahl, symb. 3. p. 19; DC. prod. 1. p. 630 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 449.—
7 ; leaflets roundish. Wight! cat. n. T crenata, Wall.! L. n. 6021. c.
issus crenata, Vahl! symb. 3. p. 19; DC. prod. 1. p. 631; Spr. syst. b
P. 449.—3 ; leaflets obovate, obtuse.— Wight ! cat. n. 425.—V. crenata, Wall.!
L. n. 6021. d.—Cissus obtusifolia, Lam. ve |
mn erhaps the above ought not even to be reckoned as varieties, as they some-
times pass from one to the other on the same individual. The specimen of
‘sus acida in the Linnean herbarium appears scarcely distinct, but the true
Plant is from the West Indies. Pluk. t. 152. f. 2 (Bryonioides trifoliatum in-
seems intermediate between our y and 3. | o
421. (13) V. Rowburghii (W. & A.:) glabrous: stems woody ; branches
flexuose, terete, with smooth shining : leaves petioled, late, oc-
casionally with 4 (or 5?) leaflets and digitate; leaflets stalked, membrana-
veous, slightly repand ; lateral ones ovate or oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at
both extremities ; cymes peduncled, much shorter than the petiole, axillary,
dichotomous : petals distinct: elevated part of the torus turbinate, 4-lobed :
gle conspicuous: fruit globose, 2-4-seeded.—Wight ! eat. n. 427 — Cissus
543: Dr Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 410 ; (ed. Wail.) 1. p. 429; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
3 DC. prod. 1. p. 630 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 450. ;
The TER xad pra aii tiis ta but this is the only Peninsu-
lar species which at all accords with C. feminea, Roxb., and we have accord-

128 AMPELIDE Æ. V rri

ingly referred to it: if we be correct, Roxburgh, in his description and fi-

, must have mistaken the elevated part of the torus for a large stigma.
Phe eyes approach almost to the state of a panicle. Wallich does not seem
to be acquainted with it.

* 422. (14) V. elongata (Wall.:) glabrous: young shoots succulent, shin-
ing: stipules small, cordate: leaves petioled, digitate ; leaflets 5, stalked,
oblong-lanceolate, distantly serrated, glabrous on both sides: peduncles
scarcely so long as the petiole: cymes compound, primary branches about 3:
petals distinct: style conspicuous, slender: fruit (black, the size of a cher-
ry,) turbinate-globose, 1-seeded.— Wall.! L. n. 6016.—C. elongata, Rowb.! fl.
Ind. 1. p. 411; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 429 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1528; DC. prod.
1. p. 632 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 450. Mountains of Coromandel ; Rowburgh.

Probably Roxburgh’s Coromandel specimens may belong to our last spe-
cies, as none, that we know of, exist in any herbarium from the Peninsula.

423. (15) V. muricata (Wall.:) unisexual, glabrous except the densely
pubescent inflorescence: stem woody ; branches terete, with a rugulose, mu-
ricated bark : leaves petioled, trifoliolate ; leaflets stalked, firm and somewhat
coriaceous, distantly serrated (the serratures shallow, tipped with a hardened
gland), oblong, acuminated; lateral ones broader, unequal-sided : umbels
shortly peduncled, with bracteas at the base of the peduncle, axillary, not so
long as the petiole, twice compound, with 3-5 primary branches: petals
distinet: style very short, thick: stigma large, capitate, somewhat lobed:
fruit globose (about the size of a cherry), 2-4-seeded.— Wall.! L. n. 6015;
Wight! cat. n. 432.—V. lanceolaria, Wall.! L. n. 6013, e, i, and a spec. from
Finlayson’s herb.—Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 8.

Can this be a variety of V. lanceolaria ?

+ + + Leaves pedate.

424. (16) V. lanceolaria (Wall.:) unisexual ; glabrous except the pubes-
cent inflorescence: stem woody; branches terete, with a muricated bark:
leaves petioled, pedate ; leaflets 5, stalked, oblong-lanceolate, between fleshy
and coriaceous, distantly serrated (the serratures shallow, tipped a harden
gland) ; outer ones of each of the lateral pairs unequal-sided : umbels shortly
peduncled, with bracteas at the base of the peduncle, axillary, not so long as
the petiole, twice compound, with 3-5 primary branches: petals distinct;
style short, thick: stigma large, capitate, somewhat lobed : fruit nearl
bose, 2-4-seeded.—Wall.! L. n. 6013, a-d, h; Wight! cat. n. 433 (fem.), 966
(male).—Cissus lanceolaria, Rowb.! fl. Ind. 1. p. 412 ; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 4905
DC. prod. 1. p. 632 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 61.

We have not examined Wall. L. n. 6013. f, g; k has only 3 leaflets, and
appears the same with V. angustifolia, Wall. L. n. 6033 ; the other letters we
have referred to.

425. (17) V. serratifolia (W. & A.:) glabrous: stem woody ; branches
terete, with a smooth and slightly glaucous bark: leaves petioled, pedate; -
leaflets 7, 3 on each of the lateral secondary petioles and one on the te ,
stalked, oblong-lanceolate, between fleshy and coriacious, distantly serrated
(the serratures shallow, tipped with a hardened gland) : inflorescence short-

ly peduncled, axillary, glabrous, with bracteas at the base of the peduncle— =

Wight! cat. n. 429.—Cissus serratifolia, Rottl.! ; Wight! in Hook. bot. mise. 2.
p. 104. suppl. t. 6.——Nundi ; Rottler. e
The only specimen of this we have seen resembles so much our C. Janet?
laria, particularly Wight's eat. n. 433, that we could almost suppose it to x
a luxuriant form of it: at the same time, it has more numerous leaflets, an!
wants the little tubercles on the branches. É
.. 426. (18) V. pedata (Wall.:) young parts softly pubescent, and sometime?
also hairy: stipules cordate, acute: leaves petioled, pedate ; leaflets 7-11,

Vitis. AMPELIDJE. 129

3-5 placed pedately on each of the lateral secondary petioles and one on the
terminal, stalked, oblong-lanceolate, acumina , membranaceous, with shal-
low serratures: inflorescence peduncled ; peduncles bracteated about the
middle, axillary or opposite to the leaves, half of the length of the petiole,
with two divaricating branches, each bearing a compound cyme: petals dis-
tinct: style conspicuous: fruit flattened on the top, with usually 4 lobes and
seeds.— Wall.! L. n. 6027 3 Wight! cat. n. 428.—Cissus pedata, Lam.; Vahl! ;
Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 1. p. 413 3 (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 431 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 632 ; Spr. syst.

427. (19) V. auriculata (Wall.:) young shoots succulent and petioles
and inflorescence softly pubescent : stipules large, linear-oblong, recurved :
leaves long-petioled, with 5 leaflets, pedate or sometimes digitate ; leaflets
(when pedate) 2 on each of the lateral partial petioles and 1 on the termi-
nal, stalked, oblong-obovate or rhomboid with a short sudden acumina-
tion, with shallow serratures ; upper side glabrous, under softly pubescent :
peduncles about the length of the petioles, axillary or terminal, bearing a di-
varicately 2-3-chotomous and much branched cyme: petals distinct: style
slender : fruit (red, the size shape and appearance of a ripe cherry) globose,
l-seeded.— Wall! L. n. 6031. a, c; Wight! cat. n. 967.—Cissus auriculata,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 411; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 4307 in E. I. C. mus. tab. 17887
DC. prod. 1. p. 632 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 450. — Southern Provinces.

Wallich's specimens from Bengal and Ava, and Roxburgh's figure and
description from. the plant in the Calcutta garden, sent by Heyne from

J*ore, agree in having the leaves digitate: whereas our specimens from the

*ninsula approach more near to the F. pedata, and have them pedate : yet
We do not consider them distinct species: all have the same remarkable sti-
pules. F. elongata, Wall. or Cissus elongata of Roxburgh, presents also the
same kind of variation: indeed there we have seen both pedate and digitate

faves on the same specimen: such instances are, however, rare in this genus.
Wallich’s n. 6031. b belongs to V. carnosa.

428, (20) V. tenuifolia (W. & A.:) glabrous : young shoots angled: leaves
Petioled, pedate ; leaflets 5-7, two or three on each of the lateral partial pe-
tioles and very shortly stalked, one on the terminal, sometimes long-stalked,
oblong, acute at both ends, cuneate at the base, coarsely serrated, serratures
tipped with an awn-like mucro: peduncles axillary, shorter than the petiole ;
cymes dichotomous, few-flowered (most of the flowers deciduous) : petals

tinct: style rather short: stigma capitate : fruit (the size of a pea) turbi-
nate-globose, l-seeded : seed irregularly many-angled.— Wight ! cat. n. 430.
~ + paniculata, Wall. ! n. 6022. a. (excl. ** C. paniculata”), b. j

2 adopt the name V. tenuifolia, instead of V. paniculata given to this by
allich, because the inflorescence is not panicled ; and because a speci-
yen Which was mixed in the same sheet with V. tenuifolia, (both under
Wall. L. n. 6022. a), and therefore most probably corresponding to Cissus
Paniculata, Heyne, has cordate simple leaves, and appears a badly dried one
of our V. pallida.—-The leaves turn black in drying. On the young shoots

LJ are sometimes trifoliolate, the lateral leaflets being then more or less
= which makes us Suspect, especially as Poiret had not seen either flow-
wae fruit, that his Cissus acutifolia (DC. prod. 1. p. 630, Spr. syst. 1. p. 449,)
Was a young shoot of F. tenuifolia. Our plant is very closely allied to Ci Ja-
ponica, of w ich, however, the specimen now before us, from Canton in China,

the leaflets much more obtuse, and the peduncles greatly longer. In cha-
diana: also, C. serrulata, Roxb., so much approaches ours, that we had united
em, bat Dr Wallich’s s, imens (List, n. 6034) do not turn black in drying,
and have the lateral lea ets on much longer stalks. V. cymosa, Wall. L. n.
D 17, has the foliage of ours, but the inflorescence is much larĝer. Whether
Ye Candolle's C, nepalensis be referable to V. serrulata or V. cymosa, is not

I

*

LO — o Vrms.

easy of determination from the very short character he has given: we in-
cline, however, to place it under the former.

§ 2. Petals 5, distinct or united at the apex : stamens 5: style usually conical,
short, truncated, and scarcely distinguishable from the apex of the ovary.—
Flower-bearing peduncles sometimes changed partly into tendrils. Vitis,
Linn.; Lam, ill. t. 145.

* 499. (21) V. vinifera (Linn. :) leaves simple, lobed, toothed or serrated or
incise, glabrous or tomentose: flowers bisexual in compound peduneled ra-
cemes; flower-bearing peduncles not cirrhiferous: petals united at the apex:
stamens slender, longer than the pistillum : ovary girt at the base by the ele-
vated part of the torus, not furrowed : style short, thick: stigma slightly capi-
tate.— DC. prod. 1. p. 633 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 777; Wight! cat. n. 407.

430. (22) V. latifolia (Roxb. :) branches glabrous : leaves simple, roundish-
cordate, with 3-7 acute angles or lobes, sometimes almate (the segments
with a rounded sinus, oblong, acute, and again lobed), serrated, unexpand-
ed ones with tomentum, adult ones glabrous on both sides, prominent
nerved beneath: racemes pubescent, compound, peduncled ; flower-bearing
peduncles partly cirrhiferous: flowers bisexual: petals distinct: ovary 1m-
mersed in the elevated part of the torus, 10-furrowed at the apex: style
none: stigma concave: fruit (about the size of a black currant) globose.—
Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 18 ; fl. Ind. 1. p. 661 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 474 ; in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 1224; Wight! cat. n. 415, 415. bis, 416, 970.—V. glabrata, Heyne .
in Roth. nov. sp. p. 1565 DC. prod. 1. p. 634; Spr. syst. 1. p. 778.—V- In-
dica, Wall. ! L. n. 5993, c, d.—V. Kleinii, Wall.! L. n. 6008, c, d.—Rheed.
Mal. 7. t. 11? Low hills on the Coromandel coast. ;

We ourselves have not seen Wall. L. n. 6008, e, f, but understand they are
quite the same with e, d, above referred to.

431. (23) V. erioclada (W. & A.:) branches, peduncles, and pedicels — —
densely wooly j-lenves simple, roundish cordate, acutely angled or lobed,
sometimes palmately lobed with a rounded sinus, repand-toothed, t
tipped with a large hardened gland; adult ones brittle, glabrous or witha |
little scattered floceulent tomentum, shining and strongly nerved beneath :
racemes peduncled, compound, compact; peduncles partly cirrhiferous 5
flowers bisexual, when young nearly concealed among the wool of the
cels: petals distinct: ovary immersed in the elevated part of the torus, 1
furrowed at the apex: style none: stigma concave : fruit (about the sir ofa ——
ripe grape) oblong.— Wight! cat. n. 968.—Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 7. 5-0

Rheede in his description says, * caulis nonnihil viscosus,” an obvious MIS- — —
take of the printer for villosus ; but which, notwithstanding that the ET
are figured enveloped in wool, has led Roxburgh to consider Rheede’s plant — —
to be the same with F. latifolia. The two appear to us very distinct. T

432. (24) V. tomentosa (Heyne:) stems, petioles, peduncles and pedicels m
woolly : leaves roundish-cordate, 3-5-lobed or partite ; lobes toothed, more
orless acute, occasionally obtuse ; under side tomentose, upper becoming
pubescent or floccose: racemes peduncled, short, compact, corymbiform, x
with usually two primary branches; peduncles cirrhiferous: flowers bisexuais? — —
petals distinct: ovary immersed in the torus, 10-furrowed at the apex: $
none: stigma concave.—z ; leaves 3-5-lobed ; lobes occasionally deep with à
rounded sinus, and sometimes again lobed.— Wight! cat. n. 410, 411.— * —
tomentosa, Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p. 157 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 634.—V. oba, a
Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p. 157 ;.DC. prod. 1. p. 634; Spr. syst. 1. P- 7785
Wall.! L. n. 6004, a, b.—V. trifida, Roth. nov. sp. p. 157 ; DC. prod. 1. p- 64>
—# ; leaves 3-5-partite, or occasionally almost pedate ; segments acumina i
—Wight! cat. n. A17.—V. ternata, Heyne in Roth. nov. sp. p. 157 ; Spr.

4

Viris. AMPELID&. -A

1. p. 776.—V. triloba, Wail.! L. n. 6004, c.—V. cinnamomea, Wall.! L. n.
5989, c.—Ampelopsis ternata, DC. prod. 1. p. 633.

The acute and obtuse lobes occur on the same specimen, and even on the
same leaf, so that there is no difference between F. trifida and V. triloba : the
larger leaves are always more deeply lobed than the upper or smaller ones,
whence we cannot separate either of these from Heyne's V. tomentosa. As
to V. ternata, Heyne, it has a somewhat different aspect, but it really differs
in no respect except in the more deeply divided leaves ; we have, therefore,
also united it, the leaves in this section of the genus being very subject to
vary.

433. (25) V. Janata (Roxb. :) stems, petioles, peduncles and pedicels wool-
ly: leaves cordate-ovate, serrated ; under side tomentose with rusty-coloured
wool ; upper glabrescent: racemes peduncled, elongated, compound, with
usually two primary branches 3 flower-bearing peduncles often cirrhiferous:

Owers bisexual: petals united at the apex: stamens much longer than the
ovary: ovary inclosed in the elevated part of the torus: style none:
concave: fruit (size of a pea) globose, 1-seeded.— oa. Jl. Ind. 1. p. 661 ;
(ed. Wall.) 2. p. 474; iu E. I. C. mus. tab. 584; Wall.! L. n. 5995, a, b;
Wight! eat. n. 969.—V. ru osa, Wall.! L. n. 5994, a, c? e, f.—V. aquosa,
Wail.!? L.n. 6000, e.— V. cordifolia, Roth. nov. sp. p. 158.—V. Heyneana,
DC. prod. 1. p. 634.— —Circars ; Roxburgh.

Wall! L. n. 5995, c, d, and n. 5994, b, g, appear to us to belong to P. bar-
bata, Wall. ! L. n. 5997 : as to n. 5994, d, it certainly is V. Indica. We have
carefully examined Wall. L. n. 4994, a, e, f (the first of which letters, from
Nepal, is supposed to be the type of V. rugosa, Wall.), but do not perceive
that the petals, unless accidentally, separate before they fall off; whence we
vannot avoid suspecting that the specimens from which Dr Wallich drew up

description in his edition of Roxburgh's fl. Ind. 2. p. 480, are not —
those noticed in his List: indeed his whole description, especially the “ co-
rymb ovate, dense,” applies almost exactly to our V. tomentosa. We are
ee about Wall. L. n. 5994, c, the specimen before us being very imper-
ec

434. (26) V. Indica (Linn.:) branches, petioles, and peduncles villous:
leaves cordate, scarcely angled or lobed, toothed, the teeth tipped with a
ened gland; under side tomentose ; upper floccose, at length somewhat
brous: racemes peduncled, cylindrical, composed of lateral umbels nearly
sessile along the rachis : podobi cirrhiferous : flowers bisexual: petals dis-
tinct : ovary immersed in the elevated part of the torus: style none: stigma
concave : fruit globose, 1-2-seeded.— DC. prod. 1. p. 634 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. T 173
b.! fl. Ind. 1. p. 660; (ed. Wall. ) 2.p.473; Wall.! L.n.5993, a,b; Wight!
eat. n. 412.—V. rugosa, Wall.! L. n. 5994, d.—Rheed. Mal. T. t. 6.
Wall. L. n. 5993, c, d, we have referred to V. latifolia, Roxb.

I. LEEA. Linn.—Aquilicia, Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 139.

Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, combined at the base. Torus thin and fleshy, lining
the tube of the calyx, bearing on the inside at its base around the ovary the co-
rolla and a Stamen-tube. Tube or urceolus combined with the corolla at the

> 5-lobed, with an external groove running down from each cleft ; lobes
(sterile stamens) alternate with the segments of the corolla: filaments (fertile)
combined with the back of the tube, free from the commencement of the
grooves, alternate with its segments and opposite to the petals, inflected be-
‘ween the Segments of the tube, and then bent downwards : anthers attached
by their middle to the filaments, usually syngenesious or combined by their
» Sometimes distinct. Ovary partly immersed in the torus, 6-celled:
— Solitary in each cell, erect. Style and stigma simple. ad 3-6-celled.
12

122 AMPELID E. Lega.

—Herbaeeous, shrubby, or slightly arborescent. Tendrils none. Leaves
rarely simple, usually pinnate, or bi-tri-pinnate.
— 435. (1) L. robusta (Roxb.:) shrubby ; young shoots harsh with a coarse
short pubescence : leaves bi-tri-pinnate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate, lateral ones
with a broad cordate base, serrated, cuspidate, under side hairy: stipules
villous, caducous : cymes supra-decompound, villous : stamen-tube urceolate,
segments with a thin rounded apex; anthers linear-oblong, syngenesious.—
‘Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 655; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 468; Spr. syst. supp. p. 70; Wall.
L. n. 6826.——Circars ; Roxburgh.
We have not seen this: a specimen now before us, so marked and trans-
mitted by Dr Carey of Serampore; is certainly referable to L. Staphylea, Roxb.

436. (2) L. integrifolia (Roxb.:) arborescent: leaves super-compound,
lower pair of pinnæ bipinnate ; leaflets lanceolate or linear-lanceolate, acu-
minated, quite entire or very slightly serrated ; upper side glabrous, under
very slightly downy : corymbs super-decompound : tube of the corolla shorter
than the calyx: stamen-tube cylindrical with the grooves running down almost
to the line of union with the corolla; lobes emarginate: anthers oblong,
pointed, syngenesious.—Roab. fl. Ind. 1. p. 659 ; (ed. Wall. ) 2. p. 412 ; Spr.
syst. suppl. p. 10. Moist valleys among the Circars ; Roxburgh.

With this also we-are unacquainted, nor is it in Dr Wallich's List. In
both we have slightly altered Roxburgh’s character, as he evidently has ms-
taken throughout the whole genus the external furrow or groove on the back
of the stamen-tube for a continuation of the cleft.

431. (3) L. Staphylea (Roxb.:) shrubby : branches terete, glabrous, not fur-
rowed or very slightly so: leaves from compound to super-decompound ;
leaflets from oblong with a shortish point to linear-lanceolate, with a long
tapering point, coarsely serrated, glabrous on both sides: cymes super-
decompound, glabrous or with the ultimate branches scabrous-pubescent :
Stamen-tube urceolate, the external grooves disappearing above the line of
union with the corolla ; lobes emarginate : anthers broadly oblong, syngene-
sious.

æ leaflets firm ; flowers larger ; stamen-tube conical-urceolate, coriace-
ous, with the grooves disappearing about the middle.—(1) ; leaflets
narrow-lanceolate, with a long taper-point.— Wight ! cat. n. 912.—
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 658; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 471; Spr. syst. :

p. 70; Wall. L. n. 6824 (partly).—L. Ottilis, DC. prod. 1. p. 636—

L. æquata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 195.—Staphylea ? Indica,

Burm. Ind. t. 24. f. 2. Aquilicia Ottilis, Gertn. fr. 1. p. 215.—Ottilis

Zeylaniea, Gertn. fr. t.27.—(2) ; leaflets ovate-oblong, with a short

acumination.— Wight ! cat. n. 434, 435. — L. Staphyllea, Wall. L.

n. 6824. b.— Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 26.

hort-

£: leaflets more membranaceous ; flowers smaller ; stamen-tube $ 1
urceolate, somewhat fleshy, with the grooves reaching down neatly
to the line of union with the corolla.— Wight! cat. n. 971.

We feel quite certain that the narrow-leaved state is the plant of Roxburgh»
and that our broad-leaved one is that of Rheede. Hamilton (Linn. 50°.
Tr. 14. p. 226) considers Rheede’s plant to be different from Burmann's, and
to be L. equata of Linn. ; and certainly a specimen of that species before u$;
from the English gardens, seems noway distinct from the broad-leaved form
of L. Staphylea: Linnæus, however, says that the true L. equata has pwr"
cent stems. As to L. sambucina (Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1873), we have
not examined it, unless a species we have from the Mauritius, with the leaflets
cordate at the base, be the same: De Candolle and most authors, ind: —
give the Mauritius as a locality ; but we are inclined to suspect the Mauritius
plant to be L. arborea, Telf., which Dr Wallich doubtfully refers to L. Sta-
phylea (L. n. 6824, 7). Roxburgh gives no character to separate L. sambucina

GERANIUM. €— 133
E s

from L. Staphylea, except the slightly furrowed stem of the former, and we

have occasionally seen the young shoots of the other likewise furrowed. We

fear that in this genus neither the pubescence, nor the angled stems, are of

sufficient importance for the discrimination of species.

ORDER XLL—GERANIACE/JE. Juss.

Sepals 5, persistent, more or less unequal, or sometimes produced
at the base into a spur that is connate with the pedicel : æstivation im-
bricated. Petals 5 (or, by abortion 4, rarely 0), unguiculate, equal
and hypogynous, or unequal and either connected at their base or in-
serted on the calyx: :estivation twisted. Stamens rarely free, usually
monadelphous at the hase, hypogynous or perigynous, twice or thrice
as many as the petals (some occasionally abortive). Ovarium 5-celled :
ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous: styles 5, cohering round a central
elongated axis or torus. Fruit of 5 membranous 1-celled indehiscent
carpels, which at first are close pressed to the base of the torus; each
ending in the style (or awn) that is closely adnate to the angles of the
torus, but after maturity twists variously from the base to the apex and
carries the pericarp along with it. Seed solitary in each carpel, Pai-
tropal. Albumen 0. Embryo curved: radicle superior, but with its
extremity bent down towards the hilum : cotyledons inferior, foliaceons,
convolutely or flexuosely plaited.— Leaves simple, stipulate, opposite,
or alternate, with peduncles opposite to them.

We omit here Pelargonium zonale, Willd. (Wight! cat. n. 436), P. Radula, Ait.

(Wight! cat. n. 437), and P. glomeratum, Jacq. (Wight ! cat. n. 973), both being
cultivated in the porta an natives of the Cine of Good Hope.

I. GERANIUM. Linn. ; L'Her.; Lam. ill. t. 573. f. 1; Gaertn. fr. t. 79.

` Sepals 5, equal. Petals 5, equal. Stamens 10, all fertile; alternate ones
larger with a nectariferous gland at their base. Awns of the carpels with
their inner side glabrous, at length separating elastically from the base of the
axis upwards, and becoming circinately revolute.—Héerbaceous or rarely suf-
frutescent plants. Leaves palmately lobed. Peduncles 1-2 flowered.

_438. (1) G. affine (W. & A.:) root fascicled, perennial: stems herbaceous,
$e, procumbent, angled, and as well as the peduncles and petioles cloth-
ed with spreading hairs: leaves 5-lobed, slightly hairy above, villous on the
nerves and veins beneath ; lobes cuneate-ovate, unequally lobed and toothed,
teeth blunt and tipped with a short point: stipules lanceolate, acuminated,
ciliated: peduncles much longer than the leaves, 2-flowered: sepals elliptic-
oblong, 3- (or sometimes 5- nerved, blunt, with a mucro about six times
Shorter than the sepal: petals entire, obovate, nearly twice as long as the
calyx: stamens subulate from a broad base, distinct, in a double series, nearly
mae dt pistil villous: carpels hairy ; seeds glabrous, reticulated.— Wight!
n. A ^ 1
;, While G. palustre, longipes, collinum, and several others, with the same
S ds of carpels and seeds, are kept distinct, the present species must be so
“wise > but we cannot point out any one certain character to distinguish
half of the species of the genus retained by the majority of botanists.

m

134 LINEA. e Linum.
* * :

ORDER XLIL—LINE/E. DC.

Sepals 4—5, persistent: sstivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous,
4—5, unguiculate, caducous : ewstivation twisted. Stamens hypogynous,
distinet, as many as the petals, and alternate with them (with interme-
diate teeth or abortive stamens), arising from an annular torus : anthers
ovate, erect. Ovarium with as many (rarely fewer) cells as stamens:
styles 3—5, distinct or more or less combined : stigmas capitate or sim-
ple. Capsule generally pointed with the hardened base of the styles,
plurilocular; each cell spuriously bilocular, and opening by two valves
at the apex. Seeds solitary in each spurious cell, compressed, pendu-
lous. Albumen thin, fleshy. Embryo straight : radicle next the hilum :
cotyledons flat.—Leaves entire, alternate, without stipules, sometimes
with two glands at the base. Flowers terminal.

I. LINUM. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 1025 Lam, ill. t. 219.

b ow 5, distinct, entire, quite entire or serrated. Petals 5. Stamens 5-
Styles 3—5, distinct from the base, or combined to the middle or apex.

439. (1) L. Mysorense (Heyne :) glabrous, erect: leaves alternate, oblong;
bluntish, tapering to the base : flowers panieulately corymbose : sepals ovate,
somewhat acute, with rather ciliated margins : petals (yellow) scarcely longer
than the calyx: styles connate at the base : stigmas globose: capsule acutely
mucronate.— Benth. in Bot. Reg. under t. 1326; G. Don in Mill. dict. l..
p. 451 ; Wall.! L. n. 1507 ; Wight ! cat. n. 164.—— Mysore. Neelgherries.

440. (2) L. trigynum (Roxb. :) shrubby, glabrous: leaves alternate, ellipti-
cal, pointed at both ends, feather-nerved, minutely serrulated : flowers (
and yellow) solitary, peduncled, the peduncles bracteated at the base: sep
lanceolate: petals obovate, emarginate, with two small toothlets at the
of the claws: styles 3, distinct: capsule globular, obtuse —Rowb.! ft. I
2. p. 110; in E. L C. mus. t. 1048 ; Sim's Bot. Mag. t.1100; DC. prod. 1,
p. 425 (partly) ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 965 ; G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 452; Wall.
L. n. 1505, e-g ; Wight! cat. n. 974. `
_ We believe that this is only known in a state of cultivation ; but we think
it probable that it is a native of the mountains of the Peninsula only, and

e a aoe and Nepal plant is L. repens, Don (L. trigynum, Sm. Exot.
bs be fs

441. (3) L. usitatissimum (Linn. :) annual, erect, glabrous: leaves lanceo- .
late or linear, acute: panicle corymbose : sepals ovate, acute or mucronate,
with scarious or membranaceous margins, 3-nerved: petals (blue) slightly
erenated, three times larger than the ealyx.— DC. prod. 1. p. 426 ; Spr. syst. l-
p. 961 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 110; Wall.! L. n. 1504 ; Wight ! cat. n. 164, bis
Neelgherries.

ORDER XLIIL—BALSAMINE/E. Rich.

Sepals 5, deciduous, the two inner (or upper) usually connate, the
lowest spurred or gibbous: æstivation imbricative. Petals hypogynous
usually 4 (5, but the fifth or posterior one abortive), and united by
pairs; rarely 5 andi distinct. Stamens 5, hypogynous : filaments subu-

IMPATIENS. -> BALSAMINE ZA. 135.

late : anthers 2-celled. Ovarium solitary, 5-celled : ovules usually nu-
merous, rarely few in each cell, suspended: stigmas 5, sessile, distinct
or more or less united.. Fruit capsular, 5-celled (the dissepiments
usually disappearing), rarely (in the drupe) solitary, 5-valved, elastically
septifrage; or a 5-celled drupe. Seeds several in each cell. Albu-
men 0, Embryo straight: radicle next the hilum: cotyledons plano-
convex.—Succulent herbaceous plants. Leaves simple, opposite or al-
ternate, exstipulate. Flowers axillary.

IMPATIENS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 725 —Balsamina, Gertn. fr. t. 151.

Sepals 5, apparently only 4 from the union of the two upper ones. Pe-
tals 4, apparently only 2 from the union of each of the lower to each of the
lateral ones. Filaments 5, more or less united at the apex : anthers opening
longitudinally or transversely. Ovarium 5-celled ; cells formed by membra-
nous projections of the placentæ which occupy the axis of the ovary and are
connected with its apex by 5 slender threads. Capsule elastically 5-valved, -
"os 1-celled by the disappearance of the dissepiments. Seeds numerous or

w.

, In the following specific characters we shall, for simplicity, call the pair 9f com-
bined sepals a posterior sepal, and each pair of combined petals a single 2-lobed pe-
tal. In some botanical works the lower sepal which is spurred is called a nectary,
but is enerally viewed as a petal, and so is also the combined upper pair of sepals ;
from which latter cause, and their being very petaloid, J. tripetala, Roxb. obtained
its name.—We regret that we cannot vint the division into Im and Balsa-
mina as defined by De Candolle. In the many species which we have examined, we
have not in a single instance found 1-celled anthers: the circumstance of the stigmas
being united or distinct seems quite independent of the mode of opening of the cap-
sules, and is certainly independent of the habit assigned to the two genera of the 1-
or many-flowered peduncles. Nor are we disposed to make use of the different de-
hiscence of the fruit, unsupported by other permanent characters, from this other
reason, that it cannot be observed unless the fruit be ready to burst, and. is lost the
moment it does burst : this being of very little usein a practical point of view. But
as it is desirable that the genus be divided, and as the species with alternate and
ose with opposite leaves form two pretty distinct groups, we have arranged them
accordingly : the former have the lateral sepals usually minute and caducous ; the
tter about as long and often as permanent as the anterior and posterior ones. T.
latifolia might thus fall into the first tribe, with which the habit, the fruit, and the
leaves imperfectly opposite, better accord. The peduncles l- or many-flowered, may
be for subdividing these sections, particularly as we have reason to suspect
that corresponding differences exist in the mode of dehiscence of the anthers, com-
med with the more or less perfect union of the filaments near the apex. For spe-
cific characters, in addition to those we have mentioned as mee for sections, the
size and shape of the upper pair of sepals, the shape of the lower sepal and that of
the lobes of the united EO fora. together the best marks of distinction; but all
the I require to be studied, for this purpose, when growing, the blossoms being
usually too tender for such examination in the herbarium. Several of the followi
characters, having been taken (when we had no materials of our own) from a hurri l
inspection of specimens in the Linnean Society’s Indian herbarium, are imperfect 3
we trust, however, that they will suffice for the discrimination of the species.

$1. Leaves alternate ; pedicels axillary, solitary or several together, 1-flowered.

442. (1) I. Balsamina (Linn.:) herbaceous, erect, simple; young shoots

ry: leaves alternate, petioled, glabrous, acuminated at both ends, acutely
and often deeply serrated : petioles glanduliferous, pubescent or hairy : pedi-
. cels 1-2 or more, aggregate, densely pubescent, much shorter than the leaves :
lateral sepals minute, lanceolate ; anterior one pubescent, infundibuliform,
with a slender spur either longer or shorter than the flower: capsule ovate,
tomentose and hairy with rigid shining (yellow) bristles.

136 BALSAMINEZE. ImMPATIENS.

1: wulgaris ; leaves large, broad-lanceolate ; flowers large, about as long
or longer than the spur.—z, hortensis ; flowers longer than the spur.
— Wight! cat. n. 980.—I. Balsamina, Linn.! ; Willd. sp. pl. 1.
p.1175; Lam. ill. t.725; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 651; (ed. Wall.) 2.
p. 453 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 807 ; Wall. ! L. n. 4731.—Balsamina horten-
sis, DC. prod. 1. p. 685; Rumph. amb. 5. t. 90; Rheed. Mal. 9. t.
52? B, sylvestris; flowers usually about as long as, or slightly
shorter than, the spur.— Wight! cat. n. 456.—I. cornuta, Linn. ! in
herb. Herm.! ; sp. p. 1328; Spr. syst. 1. p. 807 ; Wall.! L. n. 4733,
a, €, d.—1. coccinea, Sims. in Bot. mag. t. 1256.—Balsamina cornu-
ta, DC. prod. 1. p. 686.—B. coccinea, DC. I. c. p. 685.—Burm. Zeyl.

- t-16. f. 1 (flower bad).

2: longifolia ; leaves linear-lanceolate ; flowers small, much shorter than
the very slender spur.— Wight ! cat. n. 455.—1. longifolia, Wight in
Wall.! L. n. 4734.—1. coccinea, Wall.! L. n. 4732.—I. cornuta,
Wall.! L. n. 4733. b.

We have referred with doubt to Rheede 9. t. 52, on account of the leaves
being represented opposite and the spur saccate with a short horn: at the
same time all the other points agree. We fear that the figures of this and of
the other species of the genus in Rheede are very incorrect.

443. (2) I. areuata (Wall.:) suffruticose ?, diffuse, branched ; branches
pubescent: leaves alternate, petioled, narrow-lanceolate, small, acumina
at both ends, acutely serrated: petioles short, glanduliferous, pubescent:
pedicels 1-2 together, densely pubescent, more than half the length of the
leaves : flowers small: lateral sepals lanceolate, much smaller than the others ;
anterior one densely pubescent, with a slender spur much longer than the
flower: capsule ovate, tomentose.—JWall.! L. n. 47. 35; Wight! cat. n. 447.

, Perhaps this is only a variety of I. Balsamina.

~ 444. (3) I. Leschenaultii (Wall.:) suffruticose?, erect, branched ; branches
ascending, almost glabrous : leaves alternate, short petioled, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, acute at the base, glabrous, with bristly incurved serratures:
petioles without glands: pedicels solitary, shorter than the leaves: lateral
sepals minute, caducous : spur slender, tapering, rather longer than the
flowers, curved upwards: capsules small, drooping, glabrous, ovate, pointed,
few-seeded.—Wall.! L. n. 4739. b. ; Wight! cat. n. 449.—Balsamina Les-
chenaultii, DC. prod. 1. p. 686. :
, De Candolle remarks that this species is very nearly allied to J. latifolia,
in which we agree ; but the fruit is here glabrous, not covered with a dense
pubescence, and the leaves, although occasionally opposite or nearly so at
the top of the branches, on account of their approximation to each other,
must be regarded as alternate. It thus appears to be the connecting link be-
tween J. latifolia and the two species just described, having the corolla of I.
latifolia and the alternate leaves of the other two: from all of them it i$
readily distinguished by the glabrous fruit.

445. (4) I. seabriuseula (Heyne:) erect, branched, tomentose: leaves al-
ternate, cuspidate-serrated ; upper side slightly pubescent; under haity,
particularly: on the veins: pedicels aggregate, pubescent, much shorter than
the leaves: upper and lower sepals densely clothed with a rusty pubescence,
lower gibbous without a spur.— Heyne ! in Roxb. Jf. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 464;
ge L. n. 4736 (partly).—Balsamina scabriuscula, G. Don in Mill. Dict.

. p. (48.

There is a specimen from China of what appears to be a more glabrous va-
riety of this plant; which Linnæus has put up, in his herbarium, with I.
Balsamina.

446. (5) I. pendula (Heyne:) erect, branched; branches with a line of
hairs decurrent from the sides of the base of the short petioles : leaves alter-

,

IuPATIENS. : BALSAMINE Æ. 197

nate, roundish-oval, sometimes slightly cordate, remotely bristle-serrated ;
upper side with a few scattered hairs, under glaucous: pedicels axillary,
usually solitary, longer than the petioles, hairy, in fruit deflexed: flowers
glabrous, minute, spurless: stigmas combined: capsule small, ventricose,
few-seeded.— Wall.! L. n. 4744.—1. scabriuscula, Wall.! L. n. 4736 (partly.)

Allied to the preceding in the spurless flowers, but differing in having
them much smaller and glabrous. It has considerably the habit of T.
s sd but is distinguished from it also by the small inconspicuous
owers.

447. (6) I. mysorensis (Roth.:) stems simple, slender, erect: leaves alter-
nate, lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous: pedicels axillary, fili-
form, in pairs, about half the length of the leaves: flowers small, longer than
the straight spur: capsule densely pubescent, few-seeded.—Roth. nov. sp.
p. 164; Spr. syst. 1. p. 807; Wall.! L.n.4743.c.; Wight! cat. n. 979.—
Balsamina mysorensis, DC. prod. 1. p. 686. ;

A slender delicate species, approaching T. Kleinii and T. oppositifolia in
habit, but easily distinguished by the alternate leaves.

§ 2. Leaves alternate; peduncles with several flowers.

448. (7) I. umbellata (Heyne:) erect: leaves alternate, crowded towards
the apex of the stem, obovate, obtuse, remotely crenate ; upper side sparing-
ly hairy ; under glaucous: peduncles about the length of the leaves, bearing
4-5 shortly pedicellate flowers near the apex: flowers large, with a long ta-
he spur.—Heyne! in Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 464; Wall.!

. n. 4757.

449. (8) I. grandis (Heyne :) erect, nearly glabrous, leaves alternate on
long glanduliferous petioles, broadly ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, with re-
mote incurved bristle-serratures : peduncles shorter than the leaves, 3-4-

owered : flowers large, with a very long tapering conical spur.—Heyne! in
Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 464; Wall.! L. n. 4759. ;

. 450. (9) I. fruticosa (DC.:) erect, branched: stems glabrous, glaucous:
leaves alternate, long-petioled ; upper side hairy, particularly on the veins ;
under tomentose : petioles villous, glanduliferous: peduncles glabrous, shorter
than the leaves, dividing into several long 1-flowered pedicels: flowers shorter
than the spur: lateral sepals large, concave, roundish-ovate, acuminated :
filaments united at the apex : stigmas combined : capsule glabrous, tapering at
both ends.—DC. prod. 1. p. 687 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 808 ; Wall.! L. n. 4762;
Wight! cat. n. 450.—I. cornuta, var. 2. Moon? cat. Ceyl. pl. p. 18.—Balsa-
mina fruticosa, Lesch !

451. (10) I. scapiflora (Heyne:) glabrous : root tuberous: leaves radical,
oscula; day nie vof date Jr lobes overlapping, coriaceous ; under
side paler, marked with numerous coloured nerves : scape E a many-
flowered raceme, bracteated : pedicels alternate, solitary from each bractea,
ae in fruit becoming deflexed : lateral sepals ovate, small: spur some-
times tumid and inflated, sometimes much elongated : petals 2-lobed j pos-
terior lobe small; anterior elongated, projecting forward.—Heyne! in Roxb.
Al. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 464; Wall. ! L. n. 4758; Wight! cat. n. 446.—1. bul-
bosa, Moon. cat. Ceyl. pl. p. 18. x

Strictly speaking, the scape ought to be viewed as a stem and the bractea
as leaves, so that the pedicels are as truly axillary and single-flowered as
those of the former section: it is unlike any other species, and we place it
here, as the inflorescence would be considered as a scape by most botanists.
The anthers are united with a ring round the stigma, are each 2-celled, and
Open transversely. We hope ere long to have it in our power to point cha-

Tacters sufficient for its separation from the genus.

138 BALSAMINEA. IupATIENS.

$ 3. Leaves opposite ; pedicels axillary, solitary or aggregate, 1-flowered.

452. (11) I. /atifolia (Linn.:) erect, glabrous, or the young parts sprinkled
with short shining brittle hairs : leaves membranaceous, oval, acuminated at
both ends, petioled, crenate-serrated, with some of the lower cera
dular; upper ones opposite, lower often alternate: pedicels usually so A
shorter than the petiole: lateral sepals much smaller than the others; pos-
terior ones petaloid, larger than the petals, concave: spur about the length
of the flower: petals deeply 2-lobed, lobes oblong, the anterior the larger:

capsule oval, tomentose with short intermixed yellow brittle shining hairs.—
^ Willd. sp. pl. 1. p. 1174; Spr. syst. 1. p. 807 ; suppl. p. 89 ; Wall.! L. n. 4131;
Wight! cat. n. 441, 451, 454.—1. lucida, Heyne! in Wall.! L. n. 4738.—
I. Leschenaultii, Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 4739. a.—Balsamina latifolia, DC.
prod. 1. p. 686.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 48.

T 453. (12) I. Rheedei (W. & A.:) erect: leaves opposite, sprinkled with
a few hairs, ovate-lanceolate, acute, attenuated at the base, crenate-serrated:
pedicels aggregate, bent down in fruit, about three times shorter than the
leaf: lateral sepals minute, caducous ; posterior one concave, as large as the
petals; spur longer than the flower, subulate: posterior lobe of the petals
minute and inconspicuous, anterior oblong: fruit narrow-oblong, tapering at
both ends.—Balsamina Tilo, DC. prod. 1. p. 686.— Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 49.

A species scarcely known, but apparently closely allied to our last: here,
however, there are only three conspicuous petaloid parts of the flower; m
the other there are five. On which account this approaches much to F. ti-
petala, Roxb. ; but that species has not been found on the Peninsula, and be-
sides has a spur of a different kind, larger flowers, and an axillary peduncle,
bearing several pedicels: it may, however, prove to be T. tripetala, for expe-
rience shews that no dependence is to be placed on the shape of the spur m
old figures, and as to the aggregate pedicels, we find the peduncle so short in
I. tripetala as to permit of its being easily passed over. We cannot adopt the
name Tilo given by De Candolle, that being employed by Rheede in a generic
sense for several of the à

454. (13) I. rufescens (Benth.:) stems erect, branched, jointed, glabrous;
leaves shortly-petioled, from elliptic and slightly cordate to obovate, sharply
serrated ; upper side hispid with short callous hairs; under glabrous an
whitish, except the nerves which are hairy: pedicels solitary or in pai's,
about the length of the leaves, villous: posterior sepals much smaller than
the petals ; anterior saccate, without a spur: anterior lobes of the
oblong, protruded, much larger than the short roundish posterior one: Cap" —

. sule oval, glabrous.— Benth./ in Wall.! L. n. 4747 ; Wight! cat. n. 448,

The habit expressed by the figures in Rheede, Mal. 9. t. 50, 51, is so mu
that of the present species, that we had doubts if we ought not to have adopt
the specific name minor, given with the character derived from thése fig
by De Candolle: but Rheede's description agrees so well with his figures 9
the spur, that we are now rather inclined to refer both to our J. Kleinii.

455. (14) I. fasciculata (Lam.:) stems erect, glabrous: leaves opposites
almost sessile, from narrow-linear to lanceolate, usually rounded or core
at the base, serrated ; upper side somewhat hispid ; under glabrous, whitish,
and marked with coloured nerves: pedicels usually in pairs, slender, elon-
gated, sometimes nearly as long as the leaves: sepals all with a callous point
lateral ones linear, falcate ; posterior roundish-ovate, larger than the posterior
but only half the size of the large anterior semi-obovate lobes of the "me ,
lower widely-infundibuliform, with a tapering slender spur about as long aS
the pedicel: stigmas combined : capsule oblong, a little ventricose, tapering
at both ends.—Spr. syst. 1. p. 807 ; Wight! cat. n. 452.—1. fascic $
Lam. Enc. Meth. 1. p. 359.—1. heterophylla, Wall.! in Roxb: fl. Ind. (et
Wall.) 2. p. 458 ; L. n. 4748. a.—1. oppositifolia, Rottl. ! in herb. Sm.—Bals®

[MPATIENS. BALSAMINEÆ. : 139

mina fasciculata, DC. prod. 1. p. 686.—B. heterophylla, G. Don in Mil.
dict. 1. p. 749.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 47.

The leaves vary much even on the same specimen; but usually in those
from the Peninsula they are broader and shorter than in the specimens from
Silhet ; with the latter, however, Rottler’s agree.

456. (15) I. diversifolia (Wall.:) diffuse, rooting at the joints: leaves op-
posite, from narrow linear to ovate, somewhat cordate at the base, acutely
dentate-serrated, glabrous on both sides: pedicels solitary or several to-
gether, longer than the leaves, filiform: lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, half
the length of the corolla; anterior ovate, acuminated, with a filiform spur
nearly as long as the flower ; posterior scarcely exceeding the staminal co-
lumn, larger than thé small posterior lobes of the petals, much smaller than
the large semi-obovate anterior ones: stigmas distinct: capsule oblong,
flabrous.— Wall.! L. n. 4749; Wight! cat. n. 457.—1. Malabarica, Klein /—

- heterophylla, Wall.! L. n. 4748.6.

457. (16) I. tomentosa (Heyne :) stems diffuse, glabrous: leaves opposite,
sessile, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, acutely serrated; upper side slightly hispid;
under pale, glabrous: pedicels axillary, solitary or in pairs, pubescent, about
as long as the leaves, in fruit deflexed: anterior sepal cucullate, with the
spur short and inflated at the point: stigmas united: capsule oblong, taper-
ing at both ends.— Heyne ! in Wall! L. n. 4751; Wight! cat. n. 440.—l. re-
tieulata, Wall.! L. n. 4750.—I. fasciculata, Klein! in herb. Wight. —

Readily distinguished from J. fasciculata, to which it is closely allied, by
the form of the spur: in this short with a swollen tip, in that long and
tapering.

458. (17) I. oppositifolia (Linn. :) branches diffuse, filiform, flaccid: leaves
ionis = — dap deter at the top of the stem to broad
obovate-laneeolate near the base, acute, membranaceous, slightly serrated,
Serratures bristly: pedicels axillary, solitary or in pairs, not half the length
of the leaves, very slender: lower sepal cucullate, with a very short conical
nearly straight spur: anterior lobe of the petals elongated, tapering much
towards the base: stigmas united: capsule glabrous, narrow, tapering at
both ends, with about 2 seeds towards the middle and a constriction be-
tween them.— Linn.! in herb. Herm.!; Spr. syst. 1. p. 808; Wight! cat. n.

.—l. mysorensis, Wall! L. n. 4743. a.—Balsamina oppositifolia, DC.
prod. 1. p. 686. j

A most distinct species, marked by its exceedingly membranaceous deli-
cate appearance, its flowers large in proportion to the plant, the almost un-
guiculate lobe of the petals, and by the form of the capsules. We exclude
the synonym of Rheede (Mal. 9. t. 31.), quoted by Linnæus and most bota-
nists, because it appears to us to belong to Scrophularineæ, and is perhaps a
Species of Bonnaya. I. rosmarinifolia, Retz, according to Bertolone’s de-
scription, (Roem. & Sch. Syst. 5. p. 348), approaches very closely, but seems
to differ by the leaves “ green above and glaucous beneath, and appa-
rently not membranaceous,

459. (18) I. inconspicua (Benth. :) branched, diffuse, glabrous: leaves
posite, NE sessile, from ne to Lern ei lightly cordate at the
ase, remotely and slightly bristle-serrated ; under side pale, pu : Lad
dicels solitary or several together, shorter than the leaves, pubescent: late x
sepals nearly equal to the flowers, linear ; lower one gibbous without a spur:
capsule oval, glabrous, few-seeded.—Benth.! in Wall.! L. n. 4741 —I. pusilla,
Heyne! in Wall.! L. n. A745. Dv.
These two synonyms appear at first sight to belong to very distinet species;
ut à more careful examination suggests that J. inconspicua 1s a luxuriant,
_ the T. pusilla a starved, form of the same plant: at least we can perceive no
M"nüportant mark by which to separate them,

140 BALSAMINE. IuPATIENS.

. 460. (19) I. K/einii (W. & A.:) erect, with spreading diffuse branches:
leaves opposite, from obovate and obtuse to lanceolate and acute, with a
. large gland on each side near the petiole ; upper side hairy on the veins and
near the margin; under glaucous: pedicels solitary or in pairs, filiform,
longer than the obovate leaves, shorter than the lanceolate ones, in fruit re-
flexed: lateral sepals linear, equal to the column ; posterior one hairy, con-
cave, larger than the posterior lobe of the petals, much smaller than the
elongated obovate anterior lobe ; lower one with slender spur, nearly twice
the length of the flower: capsule narrow-oblong, tapering at both ends, few-
seeded.— Wight ! cat. n. 442.—1. fasciculata, Klein! in Wall. L.—1. tenella,
Án - n. 4146. b.—Balsamina minor, DC.? prod. 1. p. 686.— Rheed. Mal.

. t. 505, 51.

We feel tolerably certain that Rheede's t. 51. belongs to this: the deserip-
tions of the stems, “ slender, terete, transparent, shining, jointed, throwing
out shoots from the joints,” and of the spur, “ curved from the pedicel up to
between the two petals," and his figure of the latter, are sufficiently charae-
teristic: we have more doubts about t. 50. Both figures represent the plant
more robust, and every way larger than our specimen.

461. (20) I. tenella (Heyne :) erect: leaves opposite, lanceolate, shortly-
petioled, sometimes slightly cordate, remotely bristle-serrated ; under side .
glaucous; upper in the younger ones hairy: pedicels solitary or in pairs,
sometimes longer than the leaves, pubescent on one side, horizontal but not
reflexed in fruit: flowers small, longer than the straightish conical spur:
capsules oval, pointed, few-seeded.— Heyne! in Wall. ! L. n. 4146.a. i

This is at once known from the allied 7. K/einii, by the short straight co-
nical spur, and by the horizontal, not reflexed, fructiferous pedicels.

` 462. (21) I. filiformis (W. & A.:) slender, erect, with numerous spreading
branches: leaves opposite, distant below, approximated towards the top of
the branches, linear-lanceolate, glabrous on both sides: pedicels solitary m
the axils of the two or three uppermost leaves, shorter than the leaves:
flowers minute : lower sepal saccate without a spur: capsule glabrous, ovate,
pointed at both ends : seeds few, oval, shining-black.—I. mysorensis, Wall.!
L. n. A743. b. >

_ This is distinguished from Z. tenella by the want of the spur: there is be-
sides a considerable difference in the habit of the two plants. J. rosmarini-
folia of Retz and Bertolone differs by having a short conical spur with 4
curved point, and by the lower leaves broad and short, while the upper ones
are long and narrow.

IL. HYDROCERA. Blume.—Tytonia, G. Don.

Sepals 5, distinct, coloured. Petals 5, unequal, distinct ; the upper one
arched. Stamens 5: filaments connate at the apex: anthers slightly con-
nate, 2-celled, opening at the apex. Stigmas 5, sessile, acute. Fruit succu-
lent, drupaceous, 5-angled, 5-furrowed, 5-celled ; endocarp hard and bony-
Seeds solitary.—Herbaceous water-plants with angular stems. Leaves alter-
nate, serrated, exstipulate. Peduneles axillary. ?

** The type of this genus and of the order Hydrocereæ is Impatiens natans, Willd.
a circumstance apparently unknown to botanists and even to Blume himself." ARN.
We have, therefore, reduced the order to Balsaminew. When De Candolle sug-
gested that J. natans and I. madagascariensis might together form a genus, We h
n he had not seen the fruit of either, otherwise he would have proposed a muc

tter character than the one (the gibbous spurs) he recommends, which applies to
several true species of Impatiens, as I. scabriuscula, I. ula, I. rufescens, and I.
redu. ^ Rd A aware "n fruit of I. madag iensis has sinc? —

en seen, and until it be known, we prefer leaving th in Impatiens, W
which its other characters better Mb sy rat te, on a

' 463. (1) H. triflora (W. & A.:) leaves from linear to broad-lanceolate;
serrated, glabrous on both sides, under side glaucous: peduncles short,

AVERHOA. ` : OXALIDE E. 141

axillary, solitary, 2-4- but usually 3-flowered: pedicels slender, longer than
the peduncles: lateral sepals as long as the others; anterior. one concave,
gibbous at the base, with a short curved spur tumid at the point: ante-
rior petals somewhat 3-lobed, with the margins involute near the base.—
Wight! cat. n. 445.—Impatiens triflora, Linn.! in herb. Herm.!; Willd.;
DC. prod. 1. p. 687 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 808; Roth. nov. sp. p. 164; Wall.! L.
n. 4756.—I. natans, Willd. sp. 1. p. 1175 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 697 ; Spr. syst. 1.
p.808; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 652; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 455; Wall. ! L. n. 4755.—
I. baccifera, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. t. 440; herb. Heyne.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 16.
J. 2.——Not unfrequent in ditches and tanks in the Tanjore country, flower-
ing during the autumn.

. We have given a specific character, lest the species from Java, H. angus-
tifolia, Bl., be distinct. J. triflora of Linnseus has been long involved in doubt:
we have, however, examined the original specimen in Hermann's herbarium,
in which also is an excellent drawing, exhibiting the sepals and petals all
distinct as we have described them: the spur, notwithstanding Burmann's
inaccurate figure and description, is quite as in our plant.

ORDER XLIV.—OXALIDEZ. DC.

Sepals 5, equal, sometimes cohering at the base, persistent : sestiva-
tion imbricative. Petals 5, hypogynous, equal, unguiculate : :estivation
twisted. Stamens 10, hypogynous, more or less monadelphous ; those
opposite the petals longer than the others: anthers erect, bilocular.
Ovarium 5-angled, 5-celled : ovules solitary or several in each cell :
styles 5, filiform: stigmas capitate, or slightly bifid. Placentæ in the
axis. Fruit rarely baceate ; usually capsular, membranous, 5-celled,
and 5-10-valved. Seeds 1 or several in each cell: testa fleshy, burst-
ing elastically. Albumen between cartilaginous and fleshy. Embryo
straight, as long as the albumen: radicle long, next the hilum: coty-
ledons foliaceous.—Leaves compound (or by abortion simple), alter-
nate, seldom opposite or whorled.

I. AVERHOA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 385.

Sepals more or less united at the base. Petals 5. Stamens 5 (alternate
with the petals), or 10 (the alternate ones snialler), combined at the base into
ashort annulus. Ovary angled. Styles 5, persistent. Berry large, oblong,
5-furrowed, 5-celled. Seeds few in each cell, attached to the central angle.—
Trees. Leaves alternate, in A. Bilimbi irritable to the touch, unequally pin-
nated ; leaflets entire. Flowers racemosely panicled. Fruit edible.

464. (1) A. Carambola (Linn.:) leaflets ovate, acuminated, 2-5 : calyx
glabrous: limb of the petals roundish: stamens 5: fruit acutely angled :
seeds arillate.— DC. prod. 1. p. 689; Spr. syst. 2. p. 440; Roxb. ft. Ind. 2.
Mar in E.I. C. mus. t. 944; Wall.! L. n. 4945 ; Wight! cat. n. 458.—

ed. Mal. 3. t. 43, 44; Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 35.

“ The Sanskrita name is pi a in the vulgar dialects of the north
corrupted into Kama-ranga, a name which extends from the Ganges even ies
Ceylon ; and I suspect that even the T'amaratonga, which Rheede says 1s t `
vulgar name in Malabar, is a mere corruption, by errors m copiers an
Printers, of the same word. As for Carambola, it is, I suspect, one of those
Productions of careless travellers, which are considered as Indian words by

142 OXALIDEZE. Oxaris.

Europeans, and as European words by the Indians.”—Ham. in Wern. Soc.
Tr. 5. p. 834. ; à

465. €» A. Bilimbi (Linn.:) leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, 5-10
pair: calyx pubescent: limb of the petals ovate-oblong: stamens 10: fruit
obtusely angled: seeds exarillate——DC. prod. 1. p. 689; Spr. syst. 2. p. 440;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 451; Wall.! L. n. 4346; Wight! cat. n. 975.—Rheed.
Mail. 3. t. 45, 46; Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 36.

IT. OXALIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 391; Gertn. fr. t. 113.

Sepals 5, distinct or combined at the base. Petals 5. Stamens 10: fila-
ments distinct or shortly connected at the base, the 5 alternate ones shorter.
Styles 5, usually crowned with pencil-like, rarely capitate or bifid, stigmas.
Capsule 5-angled, globose, ovate, oblong, or cylindrical ; cells with 1 or se-
veral seeds.—Caulescent, stipitate or stemless herbaceous plants, usually
perennial, rarely annual. Leaves various.

W'e omit here O. caprina, Linn.? (Wight! cat. n. 459), the specimens having
been obtained at Longwood in St Helena.

$ 1. Annual or suffruticose with a naked stem, bearing at the apex an umbel or
corymb of abruptly pinnated leaves : leaflets numerous, opposite: peduncles
1-, or umbellately many-flowered.—Biophytum, DC.

466. (1) O. sensitiva (Linn.:) stem scarcely any: leaves umbellate, irri-
table to the touch: leaflets 10-14 pairs, obliquely obovate or oblong,
obliquely truncate at both base and apex, mucronulate ; upper side glabrous
or slightly hairy, nearly veinless; under glaucous, glabrous, with a prominent
midrib and diverging veins: peduncles from among the leaves, usually seve-
ral together, pubescent, from half as long to twice as long as the leaves, in-
crassated at the apex: flowers numerous, umbellate ; pedicels intermixed
with numerous bracteas at their base : sepals lanceolate-subulate, with nu-
merous longitudinal striæ: filaments distinct: pistils shorter than the sta-
mens: cells of the ovary about 4-ovuled.—Spr. syst. 2. p. 432: Roxb. fl. Ind.
2. p. 457; in E. I. C. mus. t. 1244: Wight! cat. n. 461, 462.—Biophytum
sensitivum, DC. prod. 1. p. 690; Wall.! L. n. 4347.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 195
Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 104. f.2. ^ — i

$ 2. Caulescent, stipitate or stemless herbaceous plants : leaves pinnately 1-3-
Soliolate, or palmately 3-13-foliolate, rarely bifoliolate : peduncles 1-2- or
many-flowered.—Oxalis, DC.

467. (2) O. corniculata (Linn.:) stems decumbent, branched, radieating,
leafy : stipules united to the base of the petiole: leaves palmately 3-foliolate:
leaflets obcordate, pubescent : peduncles 2-5- but mostly 2-flowered : sta-
mens monadelphous : sepals pubescent : petals emarginate : pistils as long as
the longer stamina: capsule many-seeded, densely pubescent.—DC. prod. 1.
p. 692; Spr. syst. 2. p. 429; Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 457 ; Wall.! L. n. 48413
Wight! cat. n. 460.—O, monadelpha, Roxb. in E. T. C. mus. t. 1433.—0.
pusilla, Sa/isb.; Roxb. fl. Ind, p. 457 (kept distinet by error of the press).

The Indian and Cape of Good Hope specimens have the peduncles longer
than the leaves, the European ones shorter than them, but we can see no
other difference. It differs from O. stricta, Sal. by the habit, and by the
presence of stipules, which, however, in the warmer climates quickly shrivel
up and disappear, unless the specimens be found in a shady situation. We
cannot point out any distinguishing character between it and what we con-
ceive to be O. repens, Thunb.

Connarus. CONNARACE. 145

ORDER XLV.—CONNARACEZS. R. Brown.

Flowers bi- (rarely uni-) sexual. Calyx 5-partite, regular, persistent :
æstivation imbricate or valvular. Petals, 5, equal, inserted into the
base of the calyx. Stamens twice as many as the petals, rarely with
half of them sterile, hypogynous: filaments usually combined at their
base into a glandular ring. Ovaria simple and solitary, or several and
distinct: ovules in pairs, collateral, ascending : styles terminal, conti-
nuous with the central angle of the carpels: stigmas obtuse, usually di-
lated. Capsules 1-5, dehiscing longitudinally at the ventral suture.
Seeds solitary, erect, sometimes with an arillus. Albumen none, or
fleshy. Radicle superior, at the opposite extremity from the hilum :
cotyledons thick when there is no albumen, foliaceous in those with it.
—Trees or shrubs, without resinous juices. Leaves compound, alter-
nate, not dotted, exstipulate.

The zstivation of the calyx, number of styles, presence or absence of albumen,
are the points on which, following Dr Brown, we have formed our generic charac-
ters. We ought, however, to remark, that De Candolle considers the number of
styles of less importance than the situation of the seed in the fruit (whether at the
base or attached to the suture), the presence or absence of arillus, and the fruit be-
ing sessile or stalked. Ewrycoma of Jack can scarcely belong to this order : it has 5
stamens with a couple of villous glands between each: the styles are united into one
which is short and has 5 robttived. stigmas; the ovules also are solitary : whence we

are rather disposed to place it among the Ailanthez.

I. CONNARUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 572.—Omphalobium, Gertn. fr. t. 46.

Calyx 5-partite: sestivation imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 10, united at
the base. Ovary solitary. Style 1. Capsule pod-shaped, solitary. Seed 1,
without albumen.

To this genus belongs Omphalobium, § Connaroidea of De Candolle.

468. (1) C. monocarpus (Linn.:) leaves 3-5-foliolate; leaflets ovate, ob-
tusely acuminated, coriaceous, glabrous, shining above: panicles fascicled,
axillary and terminal ; branches and calyx glabrous: sepals oblong: fruit ses-
sile: seed attached to the base of the cell, with a complete fleshy arillus.—
DC. prod. 2. p. 85 ; Wight ! cat. n. 537, 538.— C. asiaticus, Willd. sp. 3. p. 692 ;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 78.—Rhus Reedeelijavel, Mill.—Rheed. Mal. T. t. 265 Burm.

l. t. 89.—Travancore.

We have no doubt about the above synonyms, although Burmann repre-
sents the leaves less acuminated than we have seen them : on the other hand,
We have not seen either leaves or fruit so large as in Rheede's figure, although
m other respects it be pretty good.

469. (2) C. pinnatus (Lam.:) leaves 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets umbo »
acuminated, glabrous, shining on both sides, coriaceous: panicles tern ^m
elongated ; branches and calyx pubescent: sepals oblong : ovary hairy : ;
stalked: seed attached to the suture, a little above the base, with an jn, ^m
feet arillus.—ZLam. in Encycl. Meth. 2. p. 95 ; ill. t. 5725 Spr. syst. o P a
Wight! cat. n. 540.—Omyphalobium pinnatum, DC. prod. 2. p. 86; O. Indi-
cum, Gertn. fr. 1. t. 46 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 85.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 24.

IL ROUREA. Aubl—Cnestis, Jack. (not Juss.)
Calyx 5-partite ; æstivation imbricate. Petals 5. Stamens 10, united at

144 ZYGOPHYLLE.RE. TRIBULUS.

‘the base. Ovaries 5, several of them usually becoming abortive. Styles 5.
Capsules glabrous, pod-shaped, usually solitary from abortion. Seed soli-
tary, usually (always?) with a complete or incomplete arillus : albumen none.

To this belongs Omphalobium, S Cnestoidea of De Candolle, Cnestis Á——
Roxb., C. emarginata, florida, and memosoides of Jack, Connarus Roxburghii, Hook.
and Arn. (in Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 179), and Conn. microphyllus, Hook. and Arn.
(l c.) It was at one time — that C. Rorburghti, H. & A., had been found
in the Peninsula; but although extremely similar to the Chinese plant, Dr Wight's -
~ peta have now been ascertained to be Conn. monocarpus.—Robergia hirsuta of

oxburgh appears to be a true Cnestis.

* 470. (1) R. santaloides (W. & A. :) glabrous : leaflets 2-4-pair, ovate with -
a narrow blunt acumination, thin-coriaceous, shining, veins prominent: pa-
nicles narrow, axillary and terminal, few-flowered: sepals ovate, glabrous:
ovaries glabrous : capsule solitary.—Wight ! cat. n. 539.— Connarus santaloi-
des, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 87 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 85 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 78.

Our specimens are from Rottler's herbarium, from Columbo in Ceylon, and
were named by Vahl to the missionaries Conn. santaloides, so that we are en-
abled to determine Vahl's mistake when he says “ stylus unicus." We have
not seen the fruit, but according to Vahl it is solitary.

ORDER XLVI.—ZYGOPHYLLEZJE. R Brown.

Flowers bisexual, regular. Calyx 4-5-divided. Petals unguiculate,
alternate with the sepals : estivation usually convolute. Stamens twice
as many as the petals, hypogynous : filaments distinct, dilated at the
base, and usually arising each from the back of a scale: anthers 2-
celled, opening longitudinally. Ovarium simple, more or less 4—5-fur-
rowed, 4—5-celled: ovules in pairs or more, pendulous, or rarely erect:
style simple, often 4—5-furrowed : stigma simple, or 4—5-lobed. Fruit
capsular, or rarely fleshy, with 4—5-angles or wings, 4—5-valved and lo-
culicidal, or indehiscent: endocarp and sarcocarp combined. Seeds
usually fewer than the ovules. Albumen between fleshy and horny,
rarely 0. Embryo green: radicle superior : cotyledons foliaceous.—
Leaves opposite, stipuled, not dotted, rarely simple.
sin, We think itso tnneccsary Ca sert Ho deaur E rig

cat. n. 463), as the specimens must have been cultivated : moreover, it does not seem
to belong to this order. ica

I. TRIBULUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 346 3; Gaertn. fr. t. 69.

Calyx deeply 5-partite, usually permanent. Petals 5, longer than the ca-
lyx. Stamens 10, filaments naked, the five opposite to the sepals with à
gland externally at the base. Ovary hairy, usually girt at the base by a 10-
toothed urceolus or 5 scales opposite to the sepals, 5-celled: ovules 3-4 m
each cell, superposed, pendulous. Style short or scarcely any. Stigma
large, broader than the style, 5-ribbed. Fruit 5-coccous ; cocci remaining
long connected together, at length separating, indehiscent, externally tuber-
culate or prickly, internally divided obliquely by transverse septa into
superposed 1-seeded cells. Seeds without albumen: embryo straight.—

Diffuse, trailing, herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite, 2-stipuled, abruptly ; 4

Fagonia. ZYGOPHYLLE XE. 3 145

pinnate. Peduncles 1-flowered, solitary, alternate, axillary. Flowers yellow
or white. "

Kallstremia, Scop. (containing Trib. maximus, Lin. and Ehrenbergia tribuloides,
Mart.) differs slightly by the 5-celled ovary, each cell containing two collateral pen-
dulous ovules, and spuriously divided into two by a longitudinal septum (represent-
ing a 10-celled 10-ovuled ovary); by the 10-ribbed stigma ; and by the fruit splitting
into 10 l-seeded cocci, without transverse partitions. ;

471. (1) T. Januginosus (Linn.:) leaflets 5-6-pair, nearly equal, with a
close-pressed villous pubescence : peduncles shorter than the leaf: cocci each
with 2 prickles.— DC. prod. 1. p. 704 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 825: Wall.! L.n.6854;
Wight! cat. n. 467.—Burm. Zeyl. p. 106. f. 1.

II. FAGONIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. f. 346 ; Gertn. fr. t. 113.

Calyx deeply 5-partite, deciduous. Petals 5, longer than the calyx. Sta-
mens 10; filaments naked at the base. Ovary acutely 5-angled, 5-celled :
ovules 2 in each cell, pendulous from podosperms ascending from near the
base of the cell. Style continuous with the top of the ovary, 5-angled, per-
manent. Stigma acute, 5-furrowed. Fruit capsular, 5-coccous ; cocci com-
pressed, at length separating from the central persistent axis, 2-valved, 1-
seeded. Seeds ovate, compressed, scabrous, erect from the base of the axis.
Embryo straight in a thin cartilaginous albumen.—Suffrutescent plants with
spreading branches. Leaves opposite, 2-stipuled (stipules often thorny),
1-3-foliolate ; leaflets mucronate. Peduncles from between the stipules of
hes opposite leaves, solitary, 1-flowered. Flowers purplish, violet, or yel-
Owish.

472. (1) F. Mysorensis (Roth.:) branches terete, striated : leaves 1-foliolate :
et linear, sence: stet inous, subulate, very sharp and acerose,
longer than the leaf: peduncles twice as short as the leaf: fruit patience
Roth. nov. sp. p. 215 ; DC. prod. 1. p. 704; Wall. L. n. 6853 ; Wight! cat. n.
465.— Southern provinces in elevated situations.

ORDER XLVIL—RUTACEJE. Juss.

Flowers bisexual, regular. Calyx 4—5-divided. Petals alternate

with the sepals: æstivation between twisted and convolute, rarely val-
vular. Stamens twice or rarely thrice as many as the petals, inserted
round the base of the torus: anthers 2-celled, opening longitudinally.
Torus various, discoid, or elevated, or cup-shaped. Ovary usually
more or less deeply 3—5-partite, 3-5-celled ; ovules in each cell 2-4, or
6-12, or numerous, pendulous or partly pendulous, or adnate to the
placentas : styles combined, or in the deeply lobed ovaries oan
the base and combined upwards: stigma 3-5-angled or farro :
Capsule usually 4—5-lobed, the lobes opening internally at the apex:
rarely 3-valved and loculicide, or a 4-celled drupe: sarcocarp snd —
docarp combined. Seeds by abortion often fewer than the ovules, p
dulous or adnate. Embryo contained in the fleshy albumen : —
superior: cotyledons flat.— Leaves exstipulate (except in Peganum )s
(except in Cyminosma), simple, or deeply lobed, or rarely pin-
nated, usually with pellucid dots. — :

K

146 RUTACE.E. Rura.

I. PEGANUM. Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 95; Lam. ill. t. 401.

Calyx 5-parted, segments foliaceous, oblong-linear, entire or pinnatifid,
persistent. Petals 5, nearly equal, entire, 3-nerved. Stamens 15 (some of
them abortive), shorter than the petals: filaments dilated and membranace-
ous at the base: anthers linear-oblong. Torus short, beneath expanded into
a short thick cup-shaped disk, bearing the petals and stamens on the outer
margin. Ovary seated on the torus or gynophore,iglobose, 3-lobed, 3-celled:
ovules numerous in each cell, suspended. Style simple, erect, clavate and
3-angled at the apex, at length spirally twisted. Fruit slightly stalked, cap-
sular, globose, 3-furrowed, 3-valved, loculicidal. Seeds fewer than the
ovules, scrobiculate. Albumen closely adhering to the integument of the
seed.—Perennial, branched, herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, simple or
multifid, with linear segments, not dotted, with two short bristle-shaped
teeth (stipules) at the base. Flowers white.

473. (1) P. Harmala (Linn.)—DC. prod. 1. p. 712 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 492;
Wight! cat. n. 466.

IL. RUTA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 111; Lam. ill. t. 345.

Calyx 4-partite, at length deciduous. Petals 4, longer than the calyx,
unguiculate: the limb vaulted, usually waved or jagged. Stamens 8, longer
than the petals: filaments subulate-filiform, glabrous: anthers ovate, obtuse.
Torus or gynophore usually broader than the ovary, marked round about with
8 nectariferous pores, bearing the petals and stamens at the base. Carpels 4,
partly combined by means of the central axis into one 4-lobed ovary : ovules

. 6-12 (or rarely 2 collateral), in each cell. Styles 4, distinct at the base
where they spring from the inner angle of the carpels above the common a315, —
united upwards into a single pistillum, which is attenuated towards the apex. —
Stigma 4-furrowed, not thicker than the style. Capsules 4, partly united,
dehiscing internally at the apex. Seeds dotted.—Perennial or suffrutescent
herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, exstipulate, pinnated, or decompound,
with pellucid dots. Flowers yellow or rarely white, disposed in terminal eo-
rymbs or racemes: the number of parts occasionally augmented by a fourth.

474. (1) R. angustifolia (Pers.:) leaves glaucous, supra-decompound, ree
times longer than bread ; lobes ateni ero nearly of a size: b r
small, ovate: petals eciliated.— DC. prod. 1. p. 710; Spr. syst. 2. P- 320; — :
Wight! cat. n. 977.—R. Chalepensis 6, Linn. Mant. p. 69 ; Wall. L. n. HE. —
—R. graveolens z, Linn. sp. p. 548.

III. CYMINOSMA. Gertn. fr. 1. p. 58.

Calyx short, deeply 4-lobed. Petals 4, much longer than the calyx, PAP
row, revolute at the apex. Stamens 8, longer than the petals: filaments flat,
subulate, with woolly margins near the base: anthers ovate. Torus forming
a gynophore slightly broader than the ovary, and nearly continuous with it,
tomentose. Ovary seated on the torus, fleshy, tomentose, 4-celled: 0 !
2 in each cell, superposed. Style terminal, short, glabrous, ending ina
suleated stigma. Fruit drupaceous : sareocarp, thick, fleshy, closely attach” —
to the nut ; nut thick, hard, bony, 4-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell.—Trees
or shrubs. Leaves opposite, between lanceolate and elliptical, simple, entre;

n
Cyminosma. RUTACEA. 147

with minute pellucid dots. Peduncles axillary near the ends of the branches,
and terminal, regularly divided into corymbs. Flowers yellowish-green.

After a careful examination, we are inclined to differ from Jussieu about the
structure of the torus: we do not find it inclosing the whole ovary as he represents,

ut only reaching as high up as the base of the cells, and forming there a margin or
shoulder round the ovary, a Moni this be seen with difficulty on aecount of the to-
mentum which covers both torus and ovarium: the structures ean be best observed
ina thin longitudinal slice. Jussieu had not seen the fruit. Gertner says it is a
berry, hnt his description applies better to that of a drupe: we find a very hard
nut, although it does not of itself separate from the fleshy exterior.

475. (1) C. pedunculata (DC.)—DC. prod. 1. p. 722 ; Wall.! L.n. 1205;
Wight! cat. n. 307, 308, 309, 468.—C. Ankrenda, Gertn. fr. 1. p. 280 (descr.
bad); DC. prod. 1. p. 722. —Jambolifera pedunculata, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 52.
t 61; Spr. syst. 2. p. 216.—Gela lanceolata, Lowr.—Selas lanceolatum, Spr.
syst. 2. p. 216.—Ximenia ? lanceolata, DC. prod. 1. p. 533.— Rheed. Mal. 5.

5.

t. 4,

A widely distributed plant: we have specimens before us from China, and
also from the Mauritius. Geertner has, in his C. Ankenda, obviously mis-
taken the parts of the flower, and the specimens before us show that no de-
pendence is to be placed on the shape of the fruit, so that we do not hesitate
to unite it to the Linnean plant. As to Jambolifera peduneulata of Loureiro,

€ does not notice the number of stamens, but the fruit is described as
umbilieated (or inferior) and 1-seeded ; and the figure quoted (Rumph. Amb.
1. t. 42) shows it to be Syzygium Jambolana. The two other species de-
scribed by Loureiro under Jambolifera do not appear to be referable to Cy-
mulosma, nor even to belong the two to the same genus,

ORDER XLVIIL—ZANTHOXYLACEJA. Arn.

Sub.-Ord. 1. ZANTHOXYLER (Ad. de Juss.) Flowers by abortion
Unisexual, regular. Calyx 3-4—5-divided. Petals equal in number
(rarely more) to the sepals : zestivation usually twisted-convolute. Sta-
mens as many, or twice as many, as the petals, inserted round the base
of the torus, Torus elevated and forming a gynophore or short thick
stalk to the pistillum, which, in the male flowers, is rudimentary or
rarely entirely absent. Carpels usually as many as the*petals, some-
times fewer, seated on the gynophore, sometimes combined into one
ovary, sometimes entirely or partially distinct: ovules 2, or rarely 4, in
each carpel : styles in the single ovaries combined, in the distinct ovaries
either distinct or combined upwards, sometimes none : stigma 2-5-lobed
in the united styles, simple in the distinct styles. Fruit sometimes single,

te or membranaceous, 2—5-celled ; sometimes of 1—5 distinct drupes

*° 2-valved capsules, of which the sarcocarp is either entirely com-

bined with, or only partially separable from, the endocarp. Seeds so-

itary or in pairs, pendulous. Embryo lying within a fleshy albumen :

radicle superior : cotyledons oval, flat.—Leaves exstipulate, alternate
°F opposite, with pellucid dots or rarely without them.

I. ZANTHOXYLON. Linn.

Dicecious. Calyx short, 3-4-5-partite. Petals as many and longer than
the sepals, very rarely wanting.—Marre: Stamens as many as the petals,
| nf

= ` A a
148 ZANTHOXYLACEÆ. ZANTHOXYLON.

equal to or longer than them, inserted round the base of the gynophore. © Pis-
tillum rudimentary, simple or compound.—Frm. Stamens usually wanting,
sometimes very short, and either with or without abortive anthers. Ovaries
(1-5) as many as the petals or fewer, seated on a globose or cylindrical gyno-
phore: ovules 2 in each cell, suspended, collateral. Styles 1 from the apex
of each ovary, either distinct or united at the apex, sometimes very short or
searcely any. Capsules 1-5, sessile or stalked on the gynophore, 2-valved,
1-2-seeded. Seeds when solitary globose, when in pairs hemispherical, shin-
ing and black. Embryo straight or slightly curved.—Trees or shrubs, with
usually prickles on the branches, petioles, and nerves of the leaves. Leaves
usually pellucid-dotted, alternate or opposite, simple, ternate, or pinnated
either with or without an odd one. Flowers small, inflorescence axillary or
terminal, various.

476. (1) Z. Rhetsa (DC.:) arboreous, with prickles over every part of the
tree ; bark corky : leaves alternate, equally pinnated ; leaflets 8—16-pair, lan-
ceolate, unequal-sided, quite entire, glabrous, panicles terminal: petals and
stamens 4: ovary and style solitary: stigma acute : capsule sessile, solitary,
globose : seed solitary—DC. prod. 1. p. 728.—Fagara Rhetsa, Row). ff. Ind.
1. p. 417 ; (ed. Wall. 1. p. 438; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 185 ).— Rheed. Mal. 5.
t. 34.——Mountainous parts of the coast of Coromandel.

We have not seen this: nor do we know whether Lacuris illicioides, Ham.
in Wall. L. n. 7119, be the same or not. It, Z. Bardumga, DC., and some
` species from America, agree in being tetrandrous with a single ovary:
approaching on the one hand to the subgenus Fagara, Jacq. * (tetrandrous
with two ovaries), and on the other to Macqueria or Langsdorfia (pentan-
drous with one ov; L the subgenus which they form may be called Rhetst.
Z. Zelanicum, DC. (the Lunu-Ankenda, Geertn. fr. t. 68, f. 9, and conse-
quently the Fagara triphylla of Moon's Catalogue of Ceylon plants and of
Roxburgh, Evodia triphylla, DC., and Zanthoz. triphyllum, Juss.), does not,
however, belong to it, but to the subgenus Aubertia, the pistillum being 4-
celled, although the number of mature capsules be, from abortion, often re-
duced to one or two: we believe that it has not been yet found in the Pe-
ninsula, but if so, it may be readily recognised by being without prickles,
and by the leaves being tri-foliolate, opposite and glabrous.

477. (2) Z. connaroides (W. & A.:) unarmed : leaves alternate, unequal-
ly pinnated ; leaflets 3—4-pair; lateral ones ovate, unequal-sided ; terminal
one oblong; all with a short obtuse acumination, quite entire, without pe
lucid dots, glabrous above, pubescent and slightly glaucous beneath : peti
glabrous: peduncles glabrous, axillary, elongated, bearing a dichotomous
cyme with the primary ramifications elongated : calyx 5-cleft : capsule coria-
ceous, solitary, sessile, gibbous at the base, ovoid, glabrous : seed solitary-—
Wight! cat. n. 553.

Capsule 2-valved, valves when dry diverging widely on the one side, but

` eeous and only slightly glossy ; the whole coat is very thin: there is DO %

lus. We have not seen the flower, but while the leaves are more like Con-
narus, the above structure of the fruit seems to bring it to the present order,
if not to Zanthoxylum. The only specimen before us has no prickle:
on the leaves or peduncle.

478. (3) Z. tetraspermum (W. & A. :) shrubby, very prickly ; young shoots

EA this Fagara, Lam., is different, having 3 petals, 3 stamens, and 3 ovaries ; Desvaux has c

TopDALIA. ZANTHOXYLACEA. 149

pubescent, older ones glabrous: petioles glabrous, prickly : leaves alternate,
pinnate ; leaflets few, glabrous, oblong with a short obtuse acumination, with
distant blunt serratures; racemes compound, axillary and terminal, almost
without prickles, pubescent : petals, stamens, and ovaries, 4: capsules 4, all
usually ripening, each with 1 glossy black seed.—Wight ! cat. n. 981 (male),
982 (fruit ).—Zanthoxyli facie, &c., Wall.! L. n. 7526.

The alternate leaves and symmetrical flowers in a quaternary proportion
will distinguish this from all the known species and even sections of the ge-
nus. Some of the leaves appear to us pinnately trifoliolate ; others present a
petiole on which there are the scars of 2 pair of leaflets, and there may also
have been a terminal one; while, on the other hand, the terminal leaflet of
the trifoliolate leaf is on the one side of the apex of the petiole, indicating that
there may have been four leaflets. From the very imperfect materials we yet
have, it is thus impossible to state either the number of the leaflets, or whe- —
ther the leaves be equally or unequally pinnated.

II. TODDALIA. Juss.—Scopolia. Lam. ill. t. 139. f. 1.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx short, 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, longer than
the calyx, spreading —Mare. Stamens 4-5, longer than the petals, inserted
round the base of the gynophore. Pistillum rudimentary, prism-shaped, 5-
angled.—Frm. Filaments 5, sterile, very short. Gynophore short, 5-fur-
rowed, gland-like. Ovary 1, ovoid, fleshy, 5- (or fewer?) celled: ovules 2
in each cell, superposed. Stigma nearly sessile, peltately 5-lobed. Fruit
fleshy, dotted, 2 ?-5-celled (some of the cells occasionally abortive). Seed
solitary in each cell, somewhat angled-reniform. Embryo curved.—Shrubs.
Leaves alternate, digitately trifoliate, more or less pellucid-dotted, with some-
times two glands at the base of the leaflets. Flowers in axillary or terminal
Tacemes or panicles.

479. (1) T. aculeata (Pers.) stem and branches prickly : leaflets sessile, from
oblong to broad-lanceolate, crenulate, glabrous, closely pellucid-dotted ; mid-
rib beneath and petioles prickly or occasionally unarmed: racemes simple or
compound: fruit 5-furrowed, with 3-5 perfect cells—DC. prod. 2. p. 83;
Wight! cat. n. 531, 532.— T. Asiatica, Lam.—T. nitida, Lam. ill. t. 139. f. 1.
T. rubricaulis, Willd.—Scopolia aculeata, Sm. ie. ined. p. 34; Spr. syst. 1. p.
779 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 616; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 314 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 191.

—Paullinia Asiatica, Linn.—Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 41; Burm. Zeyl. t. 24.

To this, particularly to Wight's cat. n. 532 (petioles and leaves unarmed),
the T. floribunda, Wall.! pl. As. rar. 3. t. 3, approaches so closely, that un-
less in the tubercles (or very large base to the prickles) on its stem, we can
Point out no character to separate them. All the P species we have
Seen from the Peninsula, Ceylon, or Mauritius, we refer without hesitation to
one and the same species. yoga

480. (2) T.? bilocularis (W. & A. :) upper part not prickly : leaflets «om 2

ly atalka) Pepsit d hte at both ends, with the point E
ish, glabrous, pellucid-dotted, quite entire; lateral veins numerous, paralle m

uniting into one that is parallel to and close to the margin: panicles axillary
and terminal: fruit globose and 2-celled.— Wight! cat. n. 5 E ed:

We can see no trace of thorns or prickles on our specimens: Ds
imd young, and contains only two cells ; the dissepiment 1s thick anc r y
in the middle : there are no traces of abortive cells, nor even of seeds, in t s
We have examined. The dots on the younger leaves are pellucid, but on the
older ones nearly opaque, from being filled with a resinous matter.

150 ZANTHOXYLACEA. AILANTHUS:

Sub-ord. 2. AILANTHEE (Arn.) Flowers unisexual, regular. Calyx
4-5-divided. Petals 4-5, alternate with the sepals: æstivation be-
tween valvular and twisted. Stamens as many as the petals and alter-
nating, or twice as many, about the same length: filaments inserted
round the base of the torus, not arising from scales: anthers 2-celled,
bursting longitudinally. Torus discoid, or 4-lobed and cupshaped.
Ovaries several, distinct: ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous:
styles very short, distinct, or slightly cohering at the origin of the
stigmas: stigmas distinct, filiform, recurved, papillose. Carpels 3-5,
distinct, indehiscent, drupaceous or samaroid, l-celled, 1-seeded. Al-
bumen? a thin fleshy plate, closely adhering to the integument of the
seed, and resembling an inner coat. Embryo straight: radicle supe-
rior, short: cotyledons fleshy.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate,
exstipulate, equally or unequally pinnated, without pellucid dots.

In Ailanthus the samara might almost be called a membranaceous drupe, the

part around the seed being hard and nearly bony. This group includes Brucea, and
perhaps Eurgcoma, Jack.

Ill. AILANTHUS. Desf.

Polygamous. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5. Torus produced upwards into à
5-plaited waved annulus.—Marz. Stamens 10, and with the petals inserted
on and around the base of the torus. Ovaries rudimentary, 5 or fewer, mi-
mute, distinct, inserted between the plaits of the torus.—Frw. Stamens
partly abortive. Ovaries 3-7, distinct, compressed. Styles from a notch on
the inner angle of the ovaries, distinct at the base, imperfectly united at the —
apex, bearing at the point of union about 5 (3-7) long stigmas. Samaræ se-
veral, usually from abortion fewer than the ovaries, oblong, compressed,
membranaceous, reticulated, swollen and 1-celled in the middle. Seed com-
pressed. Cotyledons semi-lenticular.—Tall trees. Flowers fascicled, in large
branched terminal panicles. j

481. (1) A. excelsa (Roxb. :) leaves abruptly pinnated, young ones tomen-

se, old ones glabrous ; leaflets coarsely toothed at the base, with an incon-
spicuous gland beneath at the points of the teeth: petals almost glabrous
within : filaments glabrous, shorter than the anthers : samaree linear-oblong.—
Roxb. Cor. 1. p. 24. t. 23; fl. Ind. 2. p. 450: DC. prod. 2. p. 89 ; Spr. syst-
1. p. 939 ; Wight! cat. n. 545. — ;

From this A. glandulosa, Desf. differs by the petals being very woolly to-
wards the base on the inside, and by the filaments much longer than the an-
thers, flexuose, and hispid at the base. :

t482. (2) A. Malabarica (DC.:) leaves abruptl pinnated ; leaflets quite
entire: samare broadly-linear, rounded at both ends.— DC. prod. 2. p. 89.—
Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 15. :

We have every reason to suspeet that Rheede's figure is extremely incor- -
rect, and that this species, founded on it, is the same as the last. to
Rheede's descriptions, they are, as is well known, often faulty even when
the plates are good, so that, in the present instance, no reliance can be place
on the carpels being united half way up, * lateribus carne intermedia termin!
et pauca .conglutinatis." i ;

SAMADERA. SIMARUBEZ. 151

ORDER XLIX.—SIMARUBE/JE. Rich.

Flowers usually bisexual, sometimes unisexual, regular. Calyx 4-5-
divided. Petals as many as the sepals and alternate with them, hypo-
gynous, spreading or connivent into a kind of tube: æstivation twisted.
Stamens twice as many as the petals: each filament arising from the
back of a hypogynous scale: anthers opening longitudinally. Torus
à gynophore, bearing the stamens round its base, and the ovaries on its
summit. Ovaries 5: ovule solitary in each cell, suspended from the
inner angle near the apex: styles distinct at the base, but above it
uniting into one: stigmas 4—5, distinct or combined. Fruit of 4—5 in-
dehiscent drupes arranged round the summit of the gynophore. Seeds
pendulous: testa membranaceous. Albumen none. Radicle superior,
short, partly concealed within the thick cotyledons.— Shrubs or trees.
Leaves alternate, exstipulate, without dots, simple or compound.

I. SAMADERA. Gertn. fr. t. 156.—Niota. Lam, ill. t. 299.

Flowers bisexual Calyx short, 4-5-partite. Petals 4-5, much longer
than the calyx. Stamens 8-10, shorter than the petals. Gynophore short,
narrow, stalk-like, Ovaries 4-5. Styles as many, distinct at the base, soon
uniting together into one which is longer than the petals and terminated by
an acute stigma. Fruit of 1 or more carpels (usually fewer than the ovaries
from abortion), drupaceous.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, simple, re-
ticulately veined. Peduncles axillary or terminal, pendulous in fruit, divided
at the apex into a 5-12-flowered umbel.—Parts of the flower 4 or occasion-
ally 5.

483. (1) S. Indica (Geertn.:) arboreous : leaves oblong-elliptical ; flower-
Searing peduncle longer than the leaves, compressed, pendulous : calycine-
segments 4—5, each marked with an external gland: drupe with a very thick
pericarp.—Gertn. fr. 2. p. 352, t, 156; Wight! cat. n. 361.—Niota pentapetala,
Poir. encycl. meth. 4. p. 490; DC. prod. 1. p. 592.—N. tetrapetala, Wall.!
(not Lam.) L. n. 6349.—N. Lamarckiana, Blume.—Vittmannia elliptica, Vahl,
symb. 3. p. 5. t. 62? — Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 18.

The N. tetrapetala of Lamarck is a large shrub from Madagascar, has leaves
about 23 inches long and 1 broad, Kt Peut almost capsular: the present is
à tall tree, and has the leaves 6-8 inches long, and 23 or 3 inches broad.
N. lucida, Wall. L. n. 1062, and PI. As. rar. 2. p. 54. t.168, Print
fers from ours by the peduncles when in flower being erect and short, but
when in fruit pendulous and elongated, as Vahl exhibits in his figure of
Vittmannia elliptica, and which on that account we are more inclined to rc-
fer to Wallich’s new species than to S. Indica. Dr Wallich says doubtfully of

plant that the anthers open by 1 or 2 pores at the apex, but this is con-
trary to the character both of the genus and of the order.

ORDER L.—OCHNACEE. DC.

Sepals 5, persistent: :estivation imbricated. Petals hypogynous,
equal to or rarely more numerous than the sepals, deciduous, spread-
mg: wstivation imbricated. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, or

152 OCHNACEJE. Ocuna.

10, or indefinite, inserted on the hypogynous disk : filaments persist-
ent: anthers 2-celled, erect, opening by pores. Ovaries as many as
petals, distinct or rarely combined, seated upon the enlarged tumid
torus: ovules solitary, erect: styles combined into one, which springs
directly from the torus from between the bases of the ovaries. Fruit
(a sarcobase) of several indehiscent drupaceous carpella, articulated
with the torus. Seeds solitary. Albumen none. Embryo straight:
radicle short, inferior: cotyledons thick.— Glabrous trees or shrubs.
Leaves alternate, simple, stipulate. Pedicels jointed in the middle.

I. OCHNA. Linn.; Schreb.; Lam. ill. t. 472.

Petals 5-10. Stamens numerous; filaments filiform, persistent. Anthers
ovate or linear, opening by a double cleft at the apex. Ovaries distinct.
—Leaf-buds scaly. Flowers yellow, usually springing from below the leaves
from the wood of the preceding year.

484. (1) O. squarrosa (Linn.:) leaves from narrow-oblong to oblong-ovate
or obovate, obtuse or mucronate or acute or acuminated, serrated: flowers
racemose, from the apex of very short lateral almost or quite leafless shoots:
pedicels elongated: sepals oval, obtuse: petals and ovaries 7—12: stigma ca-
pitate: anthers linear, elongated.— Linn. sp. p. 781 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 643;
Cor. 1. t. 89; Wight! cat. n. 471, 472, 473.—O. obtusata, DC. prod. 1. p. 135;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 596; Wall.! L. n. 2805.—0O. lucida, Lam. ill. t. 472. f. 13
DC. l. c. ; Spr. l. e. p. 591.—O. nitida, Wall.! L. n. 2804. b.

re is often so complete a transition on the same individuals from the
obtuse to the acute leaves, that we cannot Hesitate to unite De Candolle's
two species and restore the Linnean name. Wallich’s L. n. 2805. b., has the
leaves linear-oblong and acuminated at both ends. O. nana, Ham.! (Wall.
L. n. 3761) differs : it has leaves oblong-lanceolate, 5 petals larger than the
ealyx, and the inflorescence consists of an axillary compressed longish pe- -
duncle bearing at the top three loosely pedicellate flowers.

485. (2) O. Wightiana (Wall.:) leaves ovate, bluntish, rounded at the
se, conspicuously veined, very slightly serrulated : pedicels solitary or in
pairs from the apex of a very short leafless shoot: sepals oval, obtuse: petals
and ovaries 5: stigma eapitate.—Wall.! L. n. 2808; Wight! cat. n. 470.—
Travancore. :
486. (3) O. Heyneana (W. & A.:) leaves oblong-lanceolate, tapering at
both ends, bluntish at the point, serrulated ; veins inconspicuous : pedicels |
solitary, springing from the old wood (from a very short leafless branch):
rump re ong, obtuse.—O. parvifolia, herb. Heyne ; herb. Madr.; Wall.!
We have only seen an imperfect specimen in Dr Hooker's herbarium ; but
we cannot believe this to be the same with O. parvifolia of Vahl, whether we-
consult the descriptions given by that botanist and by De Candolle, or look
to the different countries from which they come: we have more dou
it be distinct from O. Wightiana.

II. GOMPHIA. Sehreb.

Petals 5. Stamens 10: filaments scarcely any: anthers long, pyramidal,
erect, opening at the apex by a double pore. Ovaria distinct.—Racemes |
from the apex of a leaf-bearing branch. Í
487. (1) G. angustifolia (Vahl:) leaves elliptic-oblong, acuminated at both
ends, slightly serrulated, shining: racemes compound xs ‘sepals broadly oval,

GompuHta. OCHNACEJA. 158

shorter than the petals: carpels obovate-reniform.— VaM, symb. 2. p. 49 ;
DC. prod. 1. p. 736 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 318; Wight! cat. n. 469.—G. zeylanica,
DC. l. c.; Spr. l. c.; Wall.! L. n. 2802.—0. Malabarica, DC. L. e.; Spr. l. c.—
Ochna zeylanica, Lam.—Burm. zeyl. t. 56; Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 48 (good),
52 (monstrosity ). Travancore, and the southern provinces.

G. zeylanica, DC., as we feel certain from Ceylon specimens now before us,
and from the good figure in Burmann, has the carpels thick in their upper
part, but tapering and curved at the base as Geertner has represented in his
Meesia (or Walkera). As to G. angustifolia of Vahl, that botanist describes
only a specimen in bud, in which state the sepals appear orbicular, and the
leaves of a membranaceous texture: but we have adapted our character to
older specimens. To the above synonyms of this plant, which appears to
present little or no variation in its characters, we suspect that Walkera serrata,
Willd., may be added: Gærtner no doubt describes and represents 5 stamens
with ovate anthers, but they appear, from the figure, to have been shrivelled up,
and not in a fit state for examination: he also says that the sepals are lanceo-
late, and so they appear at first sight in our Gomphia, from the rolling-in of the
margins: besides, the figure in Rheede quoted by Geertner is an excellent repre-
Sentation of our plant, Rheede also describing the flowers with “ aliquot sta-
minulis surrectis acuminatis,” an obvious allusion to the long anthers. If we be
correct, the genus Walkera must be restricted to an American plant, and the
name consequently inadmissible ; for Walkera is not in compliment to any
botanist, but from the Cingalese appellation of Geertner’s plant being Wal kera
iine hard-tree) ; it is, however, more generally called Bo kera or divisioned-

on account of the fruit) hard-tree: if, however, it be not prudent to change

e name even for the American plant, it may remain and be regarded hence-
forth as in honour of Colonel Walker, the present Governor of Ceylon,
through whose interest our friends Dr Hooker and Dr Graham are now re-

ceiving valuable acquisitions from that island.

ORDER LI.—PITTOSPOREX. R. Brown.

Sepals 5, deciduous, distinct, or partially cohering : sstivation im-
bricated. Petals 5, hypogynous, sometimes slightly cohering: sestiva-
tion imbricated. Stamens hypogynous, 5, distinct, alternate with the
petals. Torus not discoid, but often forming a stalk to the ovary of
about the same thickness. Ovary solitary, usually imperfectly 2-5-
celled ; the dissepiments not uniting at the axis, and therefore apparent-
ly 1-celled : style 1: stigma 2-5-lobed, the lobes equal in number to
the placentas. Fruit baceate, or capsular and loculicide ; cells poly-
spermous, usually incomplete. Seeds covered with a glutinous or re-
sinous pulp, or arillate. Embryo minute, contained in a fleshy albu-
men near the hilum: radicle long: cotyledons very short.— Leaves
simple, alternate, exstipulate. Flowers sometimes polygamous.

I. PITTOSPORUM. Banks; Gertn. fr. t. 59; Pluk. t. 392. f. 3.

Sepals 5. Petals 5, the claws approaching each other, and forming a tube.
Capsule 2-8-valved, l-celled, the valves bearing the placentæ along their
middle or at their base. Seeds covered with a resinous pulp—Shrubs with
permanent entire leaves.

In the Indian species, there are only two cells to the ovar
do not meet in the axis, so that the ovary is only incomplet
5 y

, and the dissepiments
ely 2-celled. As the

154 PITTOSPOREA. PirTosPonUM.

fruit advances towards vag a be the aperture between the dissepiments enlarges, so
that the fruit is at length decidedly unilocular, and the only appearance of dissepi-
ments is a ridge along the middle of each valve and at the bottom of the capsule.
These plants thus form a beautiful illustration of the affinity between a 2-celled
ovarium with placente in the axis, and a 1-celled fruit with parietal placente. On
cutting the ovarium of the following species lon itudinally, the lower half may he
observed quite solid, and is, we conceive, a stalk-like torus, although externally an
apparent continuation of the ovary.

488. (1) P. floribundum (W. & A.:) leaves thinly coriaceous, elliptic-
lanceolate, glabrous, margin waved: racemes terminal, aggregated, i’
flowered, compact ; peduncles glabrous ; pedicels glabrous, arranged ly
in a somewhat umbellate manner: sepals minute, many times shorter than
the corolla, ovate, acute, concave, ciliated at the apex, but otherwise gla-
brous: petals linear: ovary hairy: style glabrous: stigmas 2-lobed: ovules
4-6 in each cell of the ovary: capsule 2-valved, compressed, 3-4-seeded ;
valves thinnish, between crustaceous and coriaceous, inside transversely
wrinkled.— Wight! cat. n. 976. Columala.

This probably is the plant alluded to by Dr Wallich in his edition of Roxb.
fl. Ind. 2. p. 393, as having been obtained from Heyne's herbarium, and re-
sembling the Celastrus verticillatus, Roxb. (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1804), which
De Candolle has referred to Senacia, but which seems to us from the descrip-
tion and figure to be a Pittosporum.

. 489. (2) P. Neelgherrense (W. & A.:) leaves thin-coriaceous, elliptic-
lanceolate, glabrous: racemes terminal, 2-3 together, few- (1—4-) flowered,
lax ; peduncles glabrous; pedicels glabrous, slender, alternate: sepals mi-
nute, many times shorter than the corolla, lanceolate, acuminated, Hs

glabrous, slightly ciliated: petals linear: ovary hairy: style glabrous: stig-
ma 2-lobed: ovules 4-6 in each cell: capsule compressed, 2-valved, 4-6-
seeded ; valves thick, between fleshy and coriaceous.— Wight ! cat. n. 141,
en Neelgherries. 544 (m
No. 141 was sent formerly to Dr Wallich as P. viridiflorum, and 544 (in

fruit) without a name, but A cannot find any trace of either in Wallichs
List. Both flowers and fruit are much larger than in the last species. In-
this, each. mass of inflorescence seems to produce but very few mature fruits, 2i
which are of a yellowish-green colour: in the other, the fruit is abundant,

and nearly black. usable

490. (3) P. tetraspermum (W. & A. :) leaves elliptie-oblong, acute, cona-
ceous, glabrous, margins slightly waved and recurved: flowers in a terminal —
sessile umbel ; peduncles aggregated into a terminal sessile umbel, usually l5 _
rarely 2-flowered, pubescent : sepals pubescent, lanceolate, acuminated, m- — —
nute, many times shorter than the corolla: petals linear: ovary hairy: styl@ — —
glabrous: stigmas 2-lobed: ovules 2 in each cell: capsule nearly globose; —
scarcely compressed, 4-seeded ; valves thick-coriaceous,— Wight! cat. n. " tr

( 155 )

IL—CALYCIFLOR&E. DC.

Sepals more or less united together at the base. ‘Torus
lining the bottom of the calyx. Petals and stamens spring-
ing from the adnate part of the torus (commonly said to be
inserted on the calyx). Petals distinct or united together.
Ovary free or united with the tube of the calyx.

CL. 2.—PERIPETALE. Juss.

Torus between the ovary and the tube of the calyx, but not
forming a disk on the summit of the ovary. Petals distinct, and
Stamens perigynous.

ORDER LIL—CELASTRINEJE. R. Brown.

Sepals 4-5, united at the base: sestivation imbricated. Petals as
many as the sepals and alternating with them, with a broad base, in-
serted under the margin of the torus; very rarely wanting: zstivation
imbricated. Stamens alternate with the petals, and as many, inserted on
_ the margin or disk of the torus: anthers 2-celled, dehiscing on the in-
her side. Torus a large thick fleshy flat disk, covering the bottom of
the calyx. Ovary more or less immersed in and adhering to the torus,
2-5-celled, or rarely from abortion 1-celled: ovules usually two (some-
times only one, sometimes several) in each cell, attached to the axis,
and usually at its base, at first ascending (sometimes afterwards by the
elongation of the axis peritropal, or at last resupinately pendulous) :
styles 2-5, usually combined into one, sometimes distinct: stigmas
combined or distinct. Fruit free from the calyx, 2—5-celled (often
partly abortive); either indehiscent, drupaceous, or baccate; or sama-
roid ; or membranaceous and follicular; or capsular, 3—4-valved, and -
loculicidal. Seeds one or several in each cell, sometimes arillate. Al-
bumen usually fleshy, sometimes very thin or wanting. - Embryo
straight : radicle short, pointing to the hilum : cotyledons usually thick.
—Shrubs or trees. Leaves alternate or opposite.

The divisions of the flower are occasionally increased by one part. The principal

caracter of this tribe consists in the large flat disk, the stamens as many as the
WS, and alternating with them. To this may be added the im ^ coder
t if Perrottetia of Kunth belong to it, the zstivation of the Į is sometimes

Turpinia. s
and myrtifolia, having a bilocular ovary with two erect ovules in each,
form a distinct genus, if has been E say heker by Kunth), and Hartogia belong
to Celastrinee and not to Ilicinea: Curtisia can be referred to neither. Staphyleacee

156 ` CELASTRINEJE. TunPINIA.

only differs from the other Celastrinee by the compound leaves and bony seeds, the
other characters proposed being common to both : we therefore do not think it ne-
cessary to retain the section.

I. TURPINIA. Ventn.—Dalrymplea. Roxb.

Flowers polygamous or bisexual. Calyx 5-partite, persistent. Petals 5.
Torus discoid, with a free 10-crenulated margin. Stamens 5, inserted under
the margin of the disk, alternate with the petals: anthers ovate, dehiscing lon-
gitudinally. Carpels 3, follicular, at first distinct or separable, soon combining
into one ovary, lower part immersed in the disk: ovules 2-8 in each carpel.
Styles 3, separable. Stigmas patent, flat, cuneate. Fruit baceate, 3-celled
(or with fewer cells by abortion). Seeds 1-3 in each cell, bony and shining,
truncated at the hilum, fixed along the axis or to its apex. Albumen fleshy.
—Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, unequally pinnated; leaflets coriaceous,
glabrous, stalked, ovate or oblong, acuminated, serrated. Flowers white,
panicled: branches of the panicle alternate (in the American species), oF
opposite (in the Indian).

When the fruit of the American or West Indian species is better known, characters
will probably be found to distinguish Roxburgh’s genus Dalrymplea.

491. (1) T. nepalensis (Wall.:) leaflets 3-5, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
coriaceous : branches of the panicle opposite: styles almost quite distinct :
ovules 3 or occasionally 2 in each cell: berry (immature) scarcely fleshy,
marked on the outside above the middle with 3 small distant points (the re-
mains of the styles), about 3-seeded: seeds pendulous: radicle superior.—
Wall.! L.n. 4277 ; Wight! cat. n. 396.——Mountainous districts.

We can see no difference between ours and Dr Wallich's specimens from-
Nepal, but the latter are only in flower: if characters be found to separate
them, the Peninsular one may called T. microcarpa, the fruit not exceeding the
size of a large pea: the pericarp or fleshy part is very thin, and dry, so that
it might be termed a dry-berry. We have not observed more than three seeds
in each fruit, one in each cell when all the cells are perfect, occasionally two
in one cell and one in another when one of the cells becomes abortive.

IL ELZEODENDRON. Jacq.?; Roxb.

Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, expanding, linear-oblong. Torus 5-angled,
very thick, fleshy. Anthers 5, inserted into the margin of the torus: fila-
ments at length recurved: anthers with a thick connectivum at the ‘back,
roundish, opening longitudinally. Ovary immersed in the disk, 2-celled:
ovules 2 in each cell. Style short, conical. Stigma simple, obtuse. Fra}
drupaceous, dry or pulpy : nut 1-2-celled. Seeds usually solitary, rarely in
pairs, with a membranaceous or spongy integument, erect. Albumen pm
Cotyledons thick, fleshy: radicle inferior.—Small trees. Leaves opposite,
entire, glabrous. Peduncles axillary, branching dichotomously.

„We have no opportunity at present of examining the fruit of E. orientale, the ori-
ginal species of the genus: if Gertner be correct in describing it as a 3-celled drupe,
and the seeds with a fleshy albumen and remarkably thin membranaceous cotyle- —
dons, the Indian species must be again removed, and the genus Schrebera of Retz
(not Roxb.) retained for them : or as this might now cause much confusion, Rube

Comm. and Juss. might be restored for Æ. orientale, while the Indian €
may constitute E/eodendron: this last would be preferable to givin the name 0 —
Neerija to z m -— rage The American and Now Holland species
require much elucidation, but they do not appear to belong to the genus. P U^ ^
Ham.! Wall.! L. n. 4326), appears to us 19 be allied to Holi E and Mangifera
j canens, Roxb. (not, however, a Mangifera), among the erebinthacee: its mare —

only are known.

PLEUROSTYLIA. CELASTRINEZ. 157

492. (1) E. Roxburghii (W. & A.:) leaves elliptical or ovate, crenate-
serrated, young ones glaucous: cymes lax, dichotomous, divaricated, about
half the length of the leaves, usually with a solitary pedicellate often cadu-
cous flower in the forks: drupe 1-celled, obovoid ; nut somewhat crusta-
ceous and soft.—Wight! cat. n. 485, 487, 488.—E. glaucum, Wall.! L:n.
4325. a, e, e. —E. ——? Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 13.—Nerija dichotoma,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 646; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 444.—Rhamnus Nerija, Spr. syst.
supp. p. 86. Courtallum, and mountainous parts of the Coromandel coast.

Roxburgh has erroneously described this as a berry : on cutting aeross the
fruit, however, the putamen can be distinguished from the thin fleshy coat.
Wight's n. 488 has more the habit of E. glaucum (in which the drupe is nearl
spherical, and has a very thick and hard putamen, with occasionally 2 cells)
than the others, but in the absence of fruit we refer it to E. Roxburghii, as it
does not appear that the true E. glaucum has been yet found out of Ceylon,
the plants mistaken for it, from Coromandel, being either referable to the
present or to the following species.

493. (2) E. paniculatum (W. & A. :) leaves elliptical, green, bluntly ser-
rated, on long petioles: panicles dichotomous, without a flower in the fork,
about as long as the leaves ; ultimate pedicels ternate.— Wight! cat. n. 489.—
E. mM Wall.! L. n. 4325. f.——Colemala.

specimens are not in fruit: the whole habit is considerably different,
but perhaps future observations may prove it to be only a variety of the pre-
species.

III. PLEUROSTYLIA. W.& A.

Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, with a broad base. Stamens 5: filaments flat,
shorter than the petals, attached below the margin of the torus: anthers with
a broad connectivum at the back, opening longitudinally. Torus a thick
crenulated fleshy disk. Ovary half immersed in the torus, 2-celled, or usually
from abortion only 1-celled (the other being almost always rudimentary and
searcely to be traced): ovules 2, collateral, in each perfect cell. Style short
and thick. Stigma large, somewhat peltate. Fruit indehiscent, 1- (or oc-
casionally 2-) celled : sarcocarp thin and fleshy, marked on the one side
about the middle with the remains of the style: endocarp a crustaceous mem- ,
brane, separable from the sarcocarp, with several irregular clefts at the base
around the hilum of the seed. Seed erect, solitary, covered by the endocarp
like an arillus. Albumen copious, fleshy. Cotyledons large, orbicular, flat :
radiele inferior—Shrubs. Leaves opposite, entire and quite entire, whitish,
shortly petioled. Peduncles axillary or terminal, scarcely longer than the
petioles, few-flowered. d

This genus is remarkable for the one cell becoming usually abortive, even in the
ovary : although, however, it be then perfect, it very rarely indeed comes to maturity.
The fruit is obviously a modification of a 2-lobed drupe with two l-celled d
Whereas Eleodendron, when complete, would exhibit a simple drupe wie one 2-cell :

nut: but independently of that consideration, the peculiar ; putamen, an
Structure of the s seed, will keep the present genus quite distinct.

494, (1) P. Wightii (W. & A.:) leaves elliptic-oblong.— Wight ! eat. n.
481.— Celastrus? V ich qma, wail) L. n. 4323 — Narthamala. Southern
provinces.
495. (2) P. Heynei (W. & A.:) leaves narrow oblong-lanceolate.— Wight /
eat. n. 486.—Celastrus band ei in Rowb. ft. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 398 ;
L. n. 4314 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 88.——Southern provinces.
We have considerable doubts of these two species being distinet.

158 CELASTRINE E. CzrasTRUS.

IV. CELASTRUS, Linn.; Gertn. Sr. t. 95.

Calyx 5-parted. Petals 5, sessile. Torus a fleshy orbicular disk. Stamens
5, inserted into or under the margin of the disk: anthers opening longitudi-
nally. Ovary sessile on or half immersed in the disk, 2-3-celled ; ovules usu-
ally in pairs, rarely 5-6 in each cell. Styles thick, entire or 2-3-cleft. Cap-
sule 2-3-celled, the dissepiments sometimes incomplete or evanescent. Seeds
1-2 in each cell. Albumen fleshy. Cotyledons foliaceous.—Shrubs with al-
ternate leaves. Peduncles many-flowered, axillary or arranged in terminal
panicles.

Notwithstanding this character be very comprehensive, it will exclude several
lants generally admitted into the genus: of these C. bivalvis, Jack, will form an al-
ied genus: C. striata, Thunb., ought probably to be excluded from the order: €.

mierantha, Roxb., with pinnated leaves, can never be of this genus: C. verticillata,
Roxb., belongs to Pittosporee. Perhaps our first section, as has been already point-
ed out by Kunth, ought alone to be retained in Celastrus: but if the genus is to be
retained according to our definition, it may be divided into various sections on a
much better principle than that adopted by De Candolle. Ofthe published Indian
ones, C. robusta, Roxb., (having the ovary and capsule 2-celled, and the style almost
divided to the base) will be the type of one section: C. monosperma, Roxb. (with
the ovary 3-celled, but the capsule l.celled 1-seeded and 3-valved, the seed with a
complete arillus), of another. The Cape species are scarcely known, but C. ptero-
carpa with its allies may form a little group ; while C. acantha, the only one we
believe that has more ovules than two in each cell, will be readily recognis by that
character from all the other "eco We do not give a description of C.

Lam. (Wall. L. n, 4315; Wight! cat. n. 503; C. obtusifolia, Roxb.) the specimens
being from the Mauritius.

§ 1. Eucelastrus. Polygamous-diewcious. Stamens arising from the margin
of the disk. Ovary 3-celled, sessile on the disk : ovules 2 in each cell, with
a cup-shaped arillus at their base. Style entire. Stigmas combined into
one which is lobed and papillose. Capsule globose, 3-celled,. Seeds surround-
ed by an entire fleshy arillus—Climbing unarmed shrubs. Leaves of 4.
thinnish texture. ae
496. (1) C. paniculata (Willd. :) unarmed, climbing; young shoots and
flower-bearing branches pendulous: leaves broadly oval or ovate or obovate, -
usually with a sudden short acumination, slightly serrated, glabrous: racemes
terminal, compound or supra-decompound, elongated, much longer than the
uppermost leaves: calyx-lobes rounded, ciliated : margin of the torus thin,
free: capsule globose, 3-celled, 3-6-seeded : seed with a complete arillus.—
Willd. sp. 1. p. 1125 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 621 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 388 ; in E. 1.
C. mus, tab. 188; DC. prod. 2. p. 6; Spr. syst. 1. p. 775; Wall.2 L.n. 49105.
Wight! cat. n. 480.—C. nutans, Roxb. fi. Ind. 1. p. 623 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 290;
in E. I. C. mus. t. 1805 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 6; Spr. syst. supp. p. 89; Wall.*
p n: 401-0 a Schult.; DC. prod. 2. p. 8.—Ceanothus panicula-
tus, Heyne! in nov. sp. p. 154; Spr. syst. 1. p. 772.—Scutia paniculata,
G. Don in Mill. dict, 9, p. 34. buta:

Roxburgh first of all gave the specific name we have retained, when deu :

ceived specimens from the Circar mountains from his collectors: and un

the same Heyne and the missionaries transmitted specimens to Willdenow
and Roth, by whom they were published in Europe either as Celastrus of
Ceanothus. Roxburgh not having seen the plants growing, has erroneously
figured and described the panicles erect ; so that afterwards when he obtain

living plants from Mysore, sent by Heyne to the Calcutta garden, he did not
recognise his own plant, but made another figure and description under the

name C. nutans. allich’s L. n. 4810. has a somewhat different aspect, per zs ;
we scarcely think it differs as a species. C. dependens, Wall., or C. multifio- ——

rus, Roxb. (in E. I. C. mus. t. 1806.) appears to belon gto this eectiutt, ^^

CELASTRUS. CELASTRINE JE. 159

t

§ 2. Gymnosporia. Bisexual? Stamens inserted under the margin of the disk.
Ovary 3-celled, half immersed in the disk. Ovules 2 in each cell, naked at
the base. Style more or less 3-cleft. Stigmas spreading, emarginate. Cap-
sule 3-angled, 3-celled. Seeds apparently without an arillus, or with a very
short imperfect membranaceous one at the hilum.— Rigid scraggy shrubs, ge-
nerally with thorns. Leaves coriaceous.

497. (2) C. Heyneana (Roth. :) unarmed: leaves elliptical, coriaceous,
glabrous, slightly crenate-serrated, petioled : cymes axillary dichotomously
compound, not half the length of the leaves: capsules (large) turbinate, 3-
celled: seeds about 2 in each cell, obovoid, shining.— Roth. in Rem. &
Schult. syst. 5. p. 421 (partly) ; DC. prod. 2. p. 7; Wight! cat. n. 476.—C.
serrulata, Roth. nov. sp. p. 155 (partly) ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 775.—C. Wallichiana,
Wall. ! L. n. 4304. c (partly).

Roth's specific character is derived principally from the present species ;
but in his description the “ folia obovata in petiolum attenuata,” beiongs we
think to the next: while the small capsules seem to have been obtained from
C. emarginata or C. montana. All the four, however, although much confused,
even by Dr Wallich, are we believe quite distinct, ;

498. (3) C. Rothiana (W. & A. not Schult. :) unarmed: bark on the older
branches thick, rugged : young branches short with a few alternate leaves, or
almost none (like taberetes from the old branches) with faseicled leaves :

ves coriaceous, glabrous, broadly obovate, crenate-serrated, cuneate at the
base and tapering much and suddenly into the petiole: cymes much shorter
than the leaves, dichotomous, axillary or terminal on the young shoots, or
fascicled from the tubercles of the older branches.— Wiglit? cat. n. 475.—C.
Serrulata, Roth. nov. sp. p. 156 (partly).—C. Wallichiana, Wall. L. n. 4304.
€ (partly).

499. (4) C. Wallichiana (Spr.:) branches flexuose, thorny ; young shoots
and thorns with a polished spotted bark: thorns bearing both leaves and
flowers: leaves coriaceous, glabrous, obovate, slightly crenulate-serrated, cu-
neate and attenuated at the base into the short petiole : cymes from among the
leaves, dichotomous, few-flowered, much shorter than the leaves: capsules

large) roundish, 3-angled.—Spr. syst. 5. (index) p. 150 (under C. rigida) ;

Wall.! L. n. 4904. a, c (partly), d; Wight! cat. n. 474.—C. rigida, Wall. in

Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed. Wail.) 2. p. 396.—C. buxifolia, Herb. Madr. ; Rob. hort.
p. 18.—Catha Wallichii, G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 9.

500. (5) C. ovata (Wall.:) leaves short ;petioled, roundish-ovate, slightly
cordate at the base, minutely crenulate-toothed, very hard and thick, gla-
brous (brown when dried): peduncles axillary, short, bearing numerous short
Pedicellate small flowers : capsule (large) turbinate, 3-angled—Wall.! L.
n. 4308 dodi

_ Of this we have only seen one small specimen, and that in the Linnæan So-
ety’s Indian herbarium. Most of the flowers have fallen off without pro-
ducing fruit, so that a suspicion might be raised as to their being polygamous
9r monæcious. It is readily distinguished from C. montana by the leaves be-
Coming brown instead of bluish-white, by the form of inflorescence, and by
the much larger capsules. The capsules of this, of C. Heyneana and C. Wal-
ne are the size of small hazel nuts: those of C. Rothiana are yet un-
own. ; K

501. (6) C. montana (Roxb. :) thorny ; youn branches occasionally un-
eap dyer (purplish) : leaves elliptical ra obovate, S = the base
n; petiole, minutely and rather sharply crenate-serrated, coriaceous,
glabrous, anon d eben dried) : eymes axillary, lax, peduncled,

about twice as long as the petiole : style deeply divided : capsules somewhat

160 s CELASTRINEÆ. EvosYuvs.
globose, 3-angled (about the size of a pea, black when dry).— Row. fl. Ind.
1. p. 620; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 387 ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 154; DC. prod. 2. p.9;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 114 ; Wall.! L. n. 4306 ; Wight! cat. n. 478, 479.—C. emargi-
nata, Wall.! L. n. 4305. b (partly).—C. Wallichiana, Wall. ! L. n. 4304. b
(partly)—C. crenata, Roth. nov. sp. p. 156. (not Forst.)—Staphylea monta-
na, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 594.—Catha montana, G. Don, in Mill. dict.

p. 10.

The ovary and capsule are occasionally only 2-celled. The young branches
are sometimes pointed with a thorn as in C. Wallichiana and C. emarginata.
Roth's C. crenata was described from some young shoots which wanted
thorns: Wight's cat. n. 478. is in this state. The fruit of the present and
following is scarcely the size of a small pea.

502. (7) C. emarginata (Wild. :) branches flexuose, thorny : leaves short-
ly petioled, obovate, obtuse or emarginate, attenuated at the base, quite en-
tire, very thick, hard and coriaceous, glabrous, pale and shining: peduncles
axillary very short or wanting, bearing several fascicled 1-flowered pedicels:
capsules slightly turbinate, 3-angled (about the size of a pea, black when
dry).— Willd. sp. 1. p. 1128; Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 620 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 3875
Roth. nov. sp. p. 155 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 8 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 115; Wall,! L. n. 4305;
Wight! cat. n. 477.—Staphylea vepretum, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 593.—
Catha emarginata, G. Don, in Mill. dict. 2. p. 9.

The young short shoots being often spinescent at the extremity, as in some
of the other species, are frequently described as leaf-bearing-thorns: but in
these plants the thorns, when axillary, are obviously abortive shoots: or when
terminal are abortive continuations of the leaf's shoots ; and, as may in such
a case be expected, are sometimes both to be seen on the same specimen.

V. EUONYMUS, Linn.

Calyx 4-5-parted. Petals 4-5, sessile. Torus a fleshy orbicular disk.
Stamens 4-5, inserted on the surface of the disk, between the margin and
ovary: base of the filaments persistent, and forming glandular projections
on the torus: anthers with a thick connectivum at the back, opening trans-
versely or longitudinally. Ovary immersed in the disk, with as many cells ve
petals: ovules 2 in each cell. Style short and thick. Stigmas united into
one, obtuse or lobed. Capsules 4-5-celled, 4-5-valved, loculicidal. Seeds
1-2 in each cell.—Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbing by means of roots
thrown out by the stems. Leaves opposite. Peduncles axillary. Flowers
occasionally with a fourth or fifth part additional.

503. (1) E. dichotomus (Heyne :) leaves shortly petioled, coriaceous, from
narrow oblong-lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, blunt
at the point, quite entire : peduncles solitary or 2-3 together, from simple to
twice or thrice dichotomous, few-flowered, about one-third of the length
the leaves: petals 5, orbicular: style scarcely any: stigma blunt: capsule
(unripe) ** clavate, lengthened, tapering downwards; its vertex 5-lobed, Te
tuse; lobes short, round."— Heyne in Roxb. ft. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p 410;
Spr. syst. suppl. p. 925 Wall.! L. n. 4289; Wight! cat. n. 484. urtallum,
Colemala. E

We have not seen the fruit: Dr Wallich and Heyne seem only to have
seen it far from maturity.

t 504. (2) E. Indicus (Heyne:) leaves from lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate,
obtusely acuminated, attenuated at the base, quite entire, coriaceous, shortly
petioled : peduncles solitary, 1-3-flowered, about twice as long as the pe
tioles: petals 5, oval, ciliated: capsule (unripe) obovate-clavate, tapermg
the base, retuse at the apex and furnished with 5 short rounded projecting — =
wings.— Heyne in Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 410 ; Spr. syst. suppl. PP?
Wall. L. n. 4290. PE

ZiZYPHUS, RHAMNEÆ. 161

This we have not seen: Dr Wallich says it is much allied to the former, -
but that E. dichotomus “ has smaller flowers and lengthened 5-lobed, but not
5-winged capsules ;" to which he adds, ** much narrower leaves, more nume-
rous dichotomous peduncles ;" but in E. dichotomus we find every variation
of leaf and inflorescence ascribed to the other : the fruit moreover was un-
ripe in both, so that the differences noted are probably from their being in dif-
ferent stages of growth. Dr Wallich, indeed, in his List, suggests that the
two species are not distinct.

505. (3) E. erenulatus (Wall.:) leaves elliptical, obtuse, short petioled,
crenulate-serrated towards.the apex, coriaceous, convex and bullate above:
peduneles solitary, shorter than the leaves, once or twice dichotomous, few-
flowered : petals 5 (or occasionally 6) orbicular: stamens very short ; anthers
opening transversely: margin of the torus free: style very short; stigma
blunt, somewhat umbilicated : capsules turbinate, 5-celled, lobed at the apex:
seeds solitary in each cell; hilum truncate, without an arillus.—Wail.! L.
n. 4297 ; Wight! cat. n. 482, 483.—Eleodendron Neelgherrense, Wail.! L.
n. 4409.——Neelgherries. 4344 éc.0-472-

This, without an arillus, may constitute a section of the genus, to which
probably the two species above described will also be found to belong.

ORDER LII—RHAMNEZ. Juss.

Calyx 4-5-cleft; sstivation valvate. Petals distinct, unguiculate,
cucullate or convolute or rarely flat, inserted into the throat of the ca-
lyx, sometimes wanting. Stamens definite, opposite the petals. Torus
a flat or urceolate disk. Ovarium free or more or less immersed in the
disk or adhering to the tube of the calyx, 2-3-4-celled: ovules solita-
Ty, erect. Fruit free or more or less cohering with the calyx, fleshy
and indehiscent, or dry and separating in three cocci. Seeds erect.
Albumen fleshy, rarely none. Embryo about as long as the seed: ra-
dicle short, inferior : cotyledons large, flat.— Trees or shrubs, often thor-
ny. Leaves simple, alternate (or rarely opposite), minutely stipulate.

“From this order must undoubtedly be excluded Natsiatum herpeticum, Ham. !
(Wall.! L. n. 4252.) a genus which, with Phytocrene, Wall., will form a small order,
connecting in many points the Menispermacee with Urticacee : the ovary is l-celled,

With 2 ovules pendulous from its apex ; style scarcely any ; stigmas 2, elongated, re-
curved, papillose, as in Celtis.” ARN.

I. ZIZYPHUS. Tourn. ; Desf. ; Lam. ill. t. 185.

Calyx patent 5-cleft. Petals obovate, unguiculate, convolute. Stamens
exserted : anthers ovate, 2-celled, opening longitudinally. Disk flat, penta-
gonal, expanded, adnate to the tube of the calyx. Ovary 2-3-celled, immersed
in the disk and adnate to it. Styles 2-3, diverging or combined. Fruit fleshy,
containing a 1-2-celled nut. Seeds sessile, compressed, very smooth.—
Shrubs or trees, with flexuose branches. Stipules usually 2, thorny, persistent,
the one straight and the other recurved ; or solitary and spinescent, the other

ing abortive or caducous; or rarely both caducous. Leaves alternate, 3-
herved. Cymes axillary, few-flowered, usually much shorter than the leaf,
often sessile,

Th i 1 t summarily characterised.
iren, panite and a hin aut Ze gll pibot eaves UPUTU,
eaves ashy-coloured beneath, and a large 3-celled nut:—Z. Jujuba, leaves ot a bright
tawny colour beneath.—Z. nummularia, long slender thorns, and small leaves.—Z.
Enoplia, leaves very oblique, acuminated, and acute.

: L

162 x RHAMNE E. ZiZzYPHUS.
506. (1) Z. rugosa (Lam.:) leayes broadly oval, serrated, young ones
-— beneath, old one nearly glabrous except on the nerves: prickles short,
lly solitary on the branches, with a broad densely pubescent base: cymes
long-peduneled, forming on the leafless branches a large terminal panicle :
ovary 2-celled: styles 2, united at the base: drupe obovate, with a very
thin 1-celled 1-seeded putamen.—Lam. encycl. meth. 3. p. 319 ; DC. prod. 2.
p. 205 Spr. syst. 1. p. 110 ; Wight! cat. n. 497.—Z. latifolia, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1.
p. 607 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 855 ; DC. l. e.; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 87; Wall.! L.
n. 4240.—2. paniculata, Herb. Madr.!; Roth, nov. sp. p. 161; DC. L ¢.;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 770; Wall.! L. n. 4241.—Z. obliqua, Heyne ! in Roth. nov.
sp. p. 160; DC. l, c.—Rhamnus Napeca, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 581.—
R. glabratus, Heyne ! in Wall.! L. n. 7479.

507. (2) Z. glabrata (Heyne:) unarmed: leaves ovate-oblong or obovate,
obtuse, crenate-serrated, glabrous, coriaceous: stipules both caducous :
cymes scarcely longer than the petioles: ovary 2-celled: styles 2, nearly
distinct: drupe turbinate: nut hard and thick, obovate, rugose, flattened,
1-2-celled.— Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 159; Wight! cat. n. 493, 494.—4.
trinervia, Roxb.! (not Poir.) fl. Ind. 1. p. 606 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 354 ; Spr. syst.
suppl. p. 87 ; Wall.! L. n. 4231.—4. trinervia B, Roth, l c.

_ 508. (3) Z. aylopyra (Willd.:) arboreous: stipulary prickles solitary or
in pairs (in a poor soil), or wanting: leaves broadly elliptical or orbicular,
obtuse, slightly cordate at the base, serrulated ; under side pale, softly pu-
bescent, finely reticulated ; upper when young pubescent: cymes short:
ovary 3-celled : styles 3, united below: drupe turbinate ; nut hard and
thick, nearly globose, slightly rugose, 3-celled.— Willd. sp. 1. p. 1104; Rost.
fl. Ind. 1. p. 611; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 360; DC. prod. 2. p. 21; Spr. syst. 1.
p. 771; Wall! L.n. 4239; Wight! cat. n. 495, 496.—Z. elliptica, Roxb. fl
Ind. 1. p. 610; (ed. Wall.) 2. p.359.—Z. Caracutta, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 612 ; (ed.
Wall.) 2. p. 361; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 87; Wall. L. n. 4238.—Z. rotundifolia
Roth, nov. sp. p. 160.—Z. orbicularis, Schult. ; DC. prod. 2. p. 21.—Rhamnus
xylopyrus, Retz, obs. 2. p. 11 ; Roab. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 579.
This species may always be readily recognised by the leaves pale and soft
beneath, and the 3-celled ovary: on which account we are inclined to add
to the above synonyms Z. ruminata, Ham. ! in Wall. L. n. 4236.

509. (4) Z. Jujuba (Lam. :) arboreous : stipulary prickles short, in pairs OF
solitary, often wanting, especially on the young branches: leaves elliptical
or oblong, obtuse, sometimes with a few coarse teeth at the apex, serru ;
acutish or obtuse or slightly cordate at the base ; upper side glabrous; un-
der, as well as the petioles and young branches, covered with a dense sno
tawny (when dried) tomentum: cymes sessile or very shortly pedunclec :
ovary 2-celled : styles 2, united to the middle: drupe spherical: nut rugose;
hard and thick, 2-celled.— Lam. ene. meth. 3. p. 3185 DC. prod. 2. p: 21;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 770; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 608; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 357 ; Wall
L. n. 4244 ; Wight! cat. n. 500, 501.—Z. trinervia, z, Roth, nov. sp. P- 158.—
Z. Mauritiana, Wall.! L. n. 4245.—Z. Sororia, Schult.; DC. prod. 2. p. 217
Rhamnus Jujuba, Linn.; Roxb. in E. T. C. mus. tab. 578.—Rheed. Mal. 4
t. 41; Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 36; Pluk. t. 912. f. 4.
510. (5) Z. nummularia (W. & A.:) shrubby ; branches from near the i
root, slender, flexuose, with a whitish cuticle: stipulary thorns in pairs ; the
upper one straight, slender, very sharp, and about as long as the leaves:
leaves ovate or elliptical or orbicular, serrulated ; under side with a $5!
dense greyish tomentum : cymes sessile, very short: ovary 2-celled: styles
2, united to above the middle.— Wight ! cat. n. 498.—Z. microphylla, 4077
Ji. Ind. 1. p. 613; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 362; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 81; Wall.! "s
n. 4232.—7. rotundifolia, Lam.; DC. prod. 2. p. 21 ; Spr. syst. 1. P- Ie |
Rhamnus nummularia, Burm. Ind. p. 61.—R. microphyllus, Roxb. inE.LU E

mus. tab. 1222.— Pluk. t. 197. f. 2.——Palamcotta. Courtallum.

Bercuemia. RHAMNEJE. 163

We have preferred restoring the specific name given by Burman to that in
Roxburgh, although the latter certainly be more expressive. *

511. (6) Z. GZnoplia (Mill. :) shrubby, climbing, thorny: branches nearl
glabrous ; young shoots pubescent: leaves very obliquely ovate, acuminated,
acute or obtuse or retuse at the base, slightly serrulate or almost quite en-
tire; under side shortly tomentose, of the young ones rusty-coloured villous
and silky: eymes short: ovary 2-celled : styles combined to above the mid-
dle: drupe globose: nut rugose, usually 1-celled, the other cell being abor-
tive.—DC. prod. 2. p. 21 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 771; Roab.? fl. Ind. 1. p. 611 ; (ed.
Wail.) 2. p. 360; Wall.! L. n. 4246 ; Wight ! cat. n. 499.—Z. scandens, Rowb.
hort. Bengh. p. 17 ; Wall. L. n. 1269.—42. Napeca, Roth, nov. sp. p. 159 (not
Willd.) ; Roab.? fl. Ind. 1. p. 618; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 363.—Rhamnus (Enoplia,
Linn.?.—R. Napeca, Linn. ?—Burm. Zeyl. t. 61.

This is certainly Z. Napeca of Roth, and we think also of Roxburgh, al-
though he does not mention the acuminated leaves: but Dr Wallich has as-
certained that the plant of that name in all the missionaries’ herbaria is re-
Sa a present species, and the presumption is, from the continual
mterchange of specimens and names between them, that Roxburgh had
the same in view. As to Z. Napeca, Willd., it appears more allied to Z.
glabrata ; but Rhamnus Napeca of Linnæus is very uncertain. The synonym
of Plukenet quoted by him resembles Z. sinensis or even Z. vulgaris, and
Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 37. (not 42, as in De Candolle) is considered by Dr Ha-
milton to be a species of Eleagnus.

t 512. (7) Z.? horrida (Roth :) leaves ovate or roundish, obtuse or slight-
ly acuminated, crenulated ; under side pubescent on the nerves: stipulary
prickles solitary or in pairs, stout, shining: cymes small, corymbose, dicho-
à rend and lateral.— Roth, nov. sp. p. 159; DC. prod. 2. p. 20; Spr.
Syst. 1. p. 770.

This, if the description be correct, appears scarcely to differ from Z. Na-
peca, Willd., but in Bones harbarium (from whom Roth received his spe-
cimens) there is no species of Zizyphus corresponding to the characters of
either: we may remark, that although Roth does so of all the other species
he describes, he here takes no notice of the leaves being three-nerved.

II. BERCHEMIA. Neck. ; DC.

Calyx 5-cleft, with a hemispherical tube ; segments erect. Petals 5, con-
Volute. Stamens inclosed within the petals. Anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk
fleshy. » annular, flattish. Ovary half immersed in the disk but free from it,
2-celled. Style simple, short; 2-furrowed, bifid at the apex ; stigmas convex.
Fruit drupaceous, with a bony 2-celled nut. Seed-coat fibrous, closely ad-
hering above and on the side next the axis to the putamen, free below and
on the outer side.—Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves alternate, many-nerved >
nerves oblique, almost simple, pretty close to each other, Flowers in short
corymbs or umbels from the axils of the upper leaves, or nearly sessile and
fascicled along slender leafless branches which form a terminal panicle.

The fruit of two species only is known (B. volubilis and B. floribunda), so that the
Pinnately nerved aper and ovary not A uten with the disk are the sce nio
Tacters to distinguish this genus from Zizyphus. Somespecies have so coge im à k
of Sageretia (the fruit of which is totally unknown), that, independent of the disk

Which is cup-shaped with an elevated border in S. itifolia and ^ veg u
mM differs in different species), the number of divisions of the style must be re-
Sorted to to separate them. .

513. (1) B. parviflora (Wall. 9 unarmed : leaves alternate and somewhat
9Pposite, ovate-lanceolate, aeuminated, sharply serrulated, cong ef
ceous ; upper side shining; nerves beneath and petioles pent : flowers
Sessile, faseicled, on long filiform panicled branches.—Wa//.! L. n. 4258 ;

: im L2

| ee

164 RHAMNEA. Vierte

Wight! cat. n. 509.—Sageretia parviflora, G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 29.—8.
filiformis, G. Don, l. e.—Rhamnus parviflorus, Klein ! in Schult. syst. 5.
p. 295 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 28.—R. filiformis, Roth, nov. sp. p. 153; DC. prod. 2.
p. 28 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 169.

This has so much the habit of Sageretia oppositifolia, Brongn., that we only
remove it to the present genus on account of the flat disk and 2-cleft style.

IIl. VENTILAGO. Gertn. fr. t. 49.

Calyx spreading, 5-cleft. Petals 5, obovate, convolute. Stamens exsert-
ed: anthers ovate, 2-celled ; the connectivum more or less produced beyond
the anther into a gland-like point. Disk fleshy, flat. Ovary immersed in the
disk, 2-celled. Style compressed, hairy, short, 2-toothed at the apex. Fruit
indehiscent, woody, 1-celled, 1-seeded, produced upwards into an oblong
membranaceous wing.—Large climbing shrubs with stiff branches. Leaves
alternate, short-petioled, coriaceous, oblique at the base, M eT
marked on the upper side with numerous strizeform close transverse veins.
Flowers pedicelled, fascicled on longish leafless branches that form a panicle.

514. (1) V. maderaspatana (Geertn.:) leaves from orbicular to ovate-acu-
minated, acute or obtuse or cordate at the base, crenate-serrated or quite en-
tire, glabrous or pubescent.—Gertn. fr. 1. p. 223. t. 49; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1.
p. 629 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 413.—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 2.—2« ; branches and leaves
glabrous ; flowers small; disk hairy only in the centre.— Wight ! cat. n. 510.
— V. maderaspatana, DC. prod. 2. p. 38; Spr. syst. 1. p. 7815 Roxb. Cor. 1.
t. 16.—V. bracteata, Wall.! L. n. 4269. b (and probably a).—4; leaves and
branches pubescent when young, afterwards more or less glabrous; flowers

r; disk hairy all over.— Wight ! cat. n. 510, 511.—V. maderaspatana,
Wall.! L. n. 4268.—V. denticulata, Willd.; DC. l. c. ; Spr. l c.

Rumph’s 5. t. 2. is usually quoted here, but, as Dr Wallich has observed,
it is represented to climb by means of hooked prickles: this, however, 18 pro-
bably an addition of the engraver; the description stands thus: “ rachides
hinc inde crassas emittunt claviculas, quee proximis sese implicant ramis,aC -
figunt, nulle autem spine in hoe observantur fune:" in which the c/avicu
mentioned are not prickles, as the engraver had understood the passage, but
the fruit ; as is obvious by the author saying, ** flores fructusque in hoc vimi- 5
ne nondum fuere observati," although the fruit be very well figured by him.

IV. RHAMNUS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 128.

Calyx urceolate, 4-cleft. Petals either wanting; or 5, either nearly flat,
or slightly convolute and emarginate at the apex. Stamens with ovate ^ —
celled anthers. Torus thin, lining the tube of the calyx. Ovary free from
the calyx and not immersed in the torus, 2-3-4-celled. Styles 2-4, more or
less connected or distinct. Fruit fleshy, containing 2-4 indehiscent
ginous nuts; one of them occasionally abortive.—Shrubs or small trees.
Leaves alternate or rarely opposite, stipuled, short-stalked, feather-nerved.

515. (1) R. Wightii (W. & A. 3 unarmed, glabrous, young parts turning
black in dg S leaves opposite or nearly so, elliptical, with a short sudden
acumination, slightly coriaceous, sharply and closely serrated : pedicels axil-
lary, fascicled, scarcely longer than the flower, much shorter than the pe-
tiole: calyx 5-cleft: petals cuneate, obovate, obtuse with a short apiculus, -
flat: ovary 3-4 celled: styles 3-4, connected to the middle, then diverge — —
seeds with a deep furrow at the base on the outer side.— Wight / cat. n. 904" — —
—Ceanothus Wightiana, Wall.! L. n. 4264-——Courtallum. AM

Scuria. RHAMNEJX. 165

516. (2) R. hirsuta (W. & A. :) young branches pubescent, spinescent ;
older ones glabrous with a white cuticle : leaves ovate or alternate, ovate- or
oblong-lanceolate, with a short sudden acumination, serrulated, membrana-
ceous, nearly glabrous above, beneath hairy particularly on the nerves and
ves : pedicels from the base of the young shoots, 3-6 together, pubescent,
as long as the petiole: calyx 4-cleft : petals obovate, obtuse, entire, flat : ova-
ry 2-3-celled: styles 2-3, connected to the middle, then diverging ; the up-
per part jointed with and deciduous from the persistent lower half: fruit 2-
celled : seeds plano-convex, with a deep furrow at the base on the outer con-
vex side.— Wight! cat. n. 508. Courtallum ; not uncommon.

The flowers of these two species are apparently bisexual, but both belong
to the section Rhamnus of Brongniart. "The present has a very close affinity
with R. catharticus, and still more with R. virgatus, Roxb. (Wall. ! L. n.
4260), in which the leaves are pubescent when young, but almost glabrous
when old, and the petals linear.

V. SCUTIA. Comm.; Brongn.

Calyx urceolate, 5-cleft ; segments erect. Petals nearly flat, deeply emar-
ginate or 2-lobed. Stamens short: anthers ovate, 2-celled. Torus fleshy, -
lining the tube of the calyx, closely surrounding the ovary, but not cohering
with it. Ovary 2-3-*or occasionally 4-celled. Style short, simple. Stigmas
2-3-4. Fruit 2-4- (but usually 3-) coccous, girt at the base by (but free
from) the persistent entire tube of the calyx.—Glabrous shrubs. Leaves al-
ternate, approximated by pairs, or nearly opposite, quite entire or only
slightly serrulated, coriaceous, feather-nerved, 2-stipuled: stipules minute,
deciduous. Spines (abortive branches) wanting, or curved, about equal in
length to the petioles, arising from the axils of the lower leaves. Flowers
axillary, disposed in few-flowered simple umbels scarcely longer than the pe-

tioles.

917. (1) S. Indica (Brongn.:) branchlets twiggy, slender, armed with
somewhat opposite recurved prickles : leaves somewhat opposite, distant, not
distichous, obovate, usually obtuse or retuse, sometimes acute, quite entire
or slightly toothed towards the apex.—Brongn. in Ann. sc. nat. 10. p. 363;
Wight ! cat. n. 506.—Rhamnus circumscissus, Linn. ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 603 ;
(ed. Wall.) 2. p. 850 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1539:—R. myriinus, Burm. Ind.
P. 60 (an unarmed branch); DC. prod. 2. p. 27.—Ceanothus circumscissa,
Gertn, fr. 9. t. 106 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 30 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 772 ; Wall.! L.n. 4266.
—C. Zeylanica, Heyne ! in Roth, nov. sp. p. 153; DC. prod. 2. p. 30; Spr.
syst. 1. p. 772; Wall.! L.n. 4267.—Celastrus Zeylanica, Roth, in Schult. ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 9.—Catha Zeylanica, G. Don in Mill. Dict. 2. p. 10.— Rheed.
Mal. 5. t. 30, 31. 4 E

nus lucidus, Roxb., and Ceanothus circumscissa 6, D.C., are the same
as S. Commersonii, Brongn., a species scarcely distinct from the present.
Rheede’s figures are neither of them good ; he does not seem to have observed
the thorns ; but we have seen specimens with leaves as acute as in his £. 31.

VI. COLUBRINA. Rich.; Brongn.

Calyx spreading, 5-cleft: tube hemispherical. Petals 5, obovate, convolute.
tamens with ovate 2-celled anthers. Disk fleshy, rather flat, slightly 5-
angled, Ovary immersed in and adhering to the disk, 3-celled. Style trifid.
Stigmas 3, Fruit capsular, dehiscent, tricoccous, girt at the base by the ad-
nate permanent entire tube of the calyx. Seeds furnished with a short stalk ;
testa coriaceous, very smooth.—Shrubs. Leaves alternate, feather-nerved ;

166 RH AMNEA. ViTTMANNIAS C7

nerves distant, reticulated with transverse veins. Flowers few, arranged in
: short axillary cymes.
618. (1) C. Asiatica (Brongn.:) erect, glabrous: leaves ovate, acumina-
ted, obtuse or truncate and 3-nerved at the base, crenate-serrated, glabrous;
shining : cymes about the length of the petioles, some of the flowers fertile;
others sterile: petals convolute, emarginate, rather longer than the stamens.
—Brongn. in Ann. des se. nat. 10. p. 869; Wight! cat. n. 505.—Ceanothus
Asiaticus, Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 129 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 30; Spr. syst. 1. p. 1125
Roxb.! fl. Ind. 1. p. 615 ; (ed Wall.) 2. p. 335 Wall.! L.n. 4262.—C. capsu-
laris, Forst. ; D.C. prod. 2. p. 82; Spr. syst. 1. p. 772.—Pomaderris capsula-
ris, G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 89.— Burm. Zeyl: t. 48.

VIL VITMANNIA. W. & A. (not Vahi.)\—Willemetia, Brongn. (not Neck.;
Cass.; &c.) -

Calyx urceolate ; tube adnate to the ovary at the base, free above ; limb
5-cleft, erect. Petals 5, cucullate; unguis scarcely any. Stamens at first
inclosed within the petals: anthers ovate, 2-celled. Torus very thin, lining
the tube of the calyx. Ovary half inferior, 3-celled. Style simple, 3-angled,
3-furrowed. Stigma 3-lobed.—A perfectly glabrous shrub, with erect branches.
Leaves alternate, oblong-lanceolate, more or less obtuse, serrated, feather-
nerved: stipules broad and short, recurved. Flowers small, white, a
in few-flowered axillary or terminal cymes.

The Willemetia of Necker having been kept up by Cassini and Lessing, renders

another name imperative. We have revived that of Vitmannia, the genus of that
name instituted by Vahl being now ascertained to be the same with Samadera of
Gertner.
_ 519. (1) V. Africana (W. & A.)—Wight ! cat. n. 504,—Willemetia Afri-
cana, Brongn. in Ann. des sc. nat. 10. p. 371.—Ceanothus Africana, Linn.;
D.C.! prod. 2. p. 32 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 772.— Pluk. t. 126. f. 1——Sent to Dr
Wight by his collectors, but from what part of the Peninsula is uncertain.

VIII. GOUANIA. Jacq. ; Lam. i.t. 845.—Retinaria, Gaertn. fr. t. 120. f.

Calyx 5-cleft ; segments spreading. Petals 5, convolute or cucullate. Sta-
mens 5, enclosed within the petals: anthers ovate, 2-celled. Disk concave.
or flattish, 5-angled, the angles opposite to the petals ; the sides usually pro"
duced opposite to the calycine-segment, and forming a stellate disk, the 2 —
cessory angles being either entire or 2-horned or truncated. Ovary connate
with the bottom of the tube of the calyx, covered over by the disk, 3-celled.
Style 3-fid. Fruit inferior, with 3 angles or keels or wings, consisting of '
separable dry coriaceous compressed indehiscent carpels (^ mericarps )s which
are attached to a central tripartite filiform receptacle.—Usually climbing
shrubs, with the branches often, from abortion, converted into tenar.
Leaves stipuled, alternate, feather-nerved, somewhat 3-nerved at the base
from the lower nerves being largest and arched. Flowers usually fascicled
on leafless branches, forming interrupted spikes or racemes, rarely umbellate
or racemose in the axils of the upper leaves. Fruit as in the Umbellifere,
but consisting of 3 instead of 2 mericarps. d n

520. aid. G. leptostachya (D.C. :) branches glabrous: leaves ovate, aC on
nated,
cemes interrupted, axillary or in terminal panicles, elongated, when young s
pubescent, afterwards glabrous: flowers on very short pedicels, polygam "€

tly cordate at the base, coarsely crenate-serrated, glabrous: 7 ^ —

*

TEREBINTHACE E. ' 107

disk glabrous, stellate ; accessory angles partly adnate to the calycine lobes,

free and acuminated towards the 2-horned apex: fruit glabrous, shortl

winged.— D.C. prod. 2. p. 40; Wall. L. n. 4270; Wight ! cat. n. 993.—G.

E Roxb. Cor. 1. t.98; fl. Ind. 1. p. 632 ; (ed Wall.) 2. p. 417.——
ircars.

This is, as far as we know, quite a northern species ; that found in the mid-
dle and southern districts of the Peninsula being the following. Roxburgh,
from his figure and description, could only have seen the very immature fruit ;
when completely ripe, it is about the size and shape of Retinaria scandens,
Geertn. fr. t. 120.

521. (2) G. microcarpa (D.C.:) young branches and racemes pubescent :
leaves ovate or elliptical, acute or acuminated, slightly cordate at the base,
almost quite entire, glabrous: racemes interrupted, axillary and terminal,
elongated : flowers on very short pedicels, polygamous: disk densely pubes-
cent, nearly orbicular from the accessary angles being truncated : fruit short-
ly winged, at first pubescent, afterwards glabrous.—D.C. prod. 2. p. 40 ; Wall.
L. n. 4271 ; Wight ! cat. n. 502.—G. tilisefolia, Heyne; Rottl.——Courtallum.
Middle and Southern Provinces. ; 3

When the fruit is unripe, being then triangular, and about the size of a
pea, it accords well with De Candolle’s character ; but when quite ripe it in-
creases to twice that size, and acquires three short thick wings. Lamarck’s
ill. t. 845. f. 1. i, h, is a good representation of it in that state, although in-
tended for a different species.

ORDER LIV. TEREBINTHACEJE. Juss.

Suborder 1. ANAcARDIEX (Br.*) Flowers usually unisexual. Calyx
usually small, 5- (sometimes 3—4—7-) cleft; the fifth segment superior.
Corolla regular. Petals equal in number to the divisions of the calyx
(sometimes wanting), perigynous: estivation imbricative or rarely
valvular. Stamens equal in number to the petals and alternate with
them, or twice as many or more: filaments distinct or cohering at the
base, perigynous. Torus (in the free ovary) fleshy, usually discoid
(annular or lobed or cup-shaped), or at first inconspicuous but after-
wards enlarged into a gynophore. Ovarium solitary (of 1-5 carpels,
distinct or united, but all abortive except one), free, or rarely adhering
to the calyx, 1-celled (or sometimes with two additional abortive cells,
the remains of the imperfect carpels) : ovule solitary, attached to a po-
dosperm which always arises from the base of the cell, but is frequently
adnate to one of its sides to near the apex: styles usually 3 (or occa-
sionally 4), rarely 5, usually distinct, very rarely combined: stigmas
as many. Fruit l-celled, indehiscent, usually drupaceous. Seed as-
cending, or more frequently pendulous. Albumen none. Radicle su-
Perior or inferior, next the hilum (very rarely at the opposite ce
mity), sometimes curved suddenly back : cotyledons thick and fleshy,

* 3 ily distinguished from each
piber hy the lowing chances T Anuar hat th ovary with oniy one Per

i ibi c ,
ovule in c Denoi xx ic overy wiih Seve cells, and sae pein -

Pended ovules in each.— The Amyridez must be removed
» We believe, American plants.

168 - TEREBINTHACE. ANACARDHE

or leafy.— Trees or shrubs, with a resinous, gummy, caustic, or milky
juice. Leaves alternate, not dotted, without stipules.

I. ANACARDIUM. Rotth—Cassuvium, Lam. ill. t. 322.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx deeply 5-cleft, deciduous ; segments erect :
sestivation imbricative. Petals 5, linear, acuminated, recurved. Torus filling
up nearly the whole tube of the calyx, and combining the bases of the sta-
mens and petals. Stamens about 9 or 10, 1-4 of them in the male flowers
fertile, and twice as long as the others, which are usually sterile: filaments
connate at the base and with the base of the petals. Ovary free, sessile, ob-
lique, 1-celled. Style solitary, somewhat on one side, filiform, curved.
Fruit compressed, somewhat coriaceous, on the top of the enlarged elevated
stalk-like pyriform torus : pericarp containing in its substance cells full of an
acrid juice. Seed erect. Cotyledons semi-lunate, fleshy, plano-convex. Ra-
dicle curved upwards from the base of the cotyledons.—Trees. Leaves
simple, entire and quite entire, feather-nerved, petioled. Panicle terminal, -
corymbose, branched, spreading. Flowers with bracteoles at the base of the
pedicels, male and bisexual mixed together. .

7522. (1) A. occidentale (Linn. :) leaves oval, rounded or slightly emargi-
nate at the apex, narrower but obtuse at the base: bracteoles broadly ovate,
acuminated: one stamen longer than the others: fruit sessile on the apex of
the torus, reniform.— D.C. prod. 2. p. 62 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 271; Roxb. fl. Ind.
2. p. 8312; Wal! L. n. 990; Wight! cat. n. 524.—Acajuba occidentalis,

Gaertn. fr. t. 40. f. 2.— Cassuvium pomiferum, Lam.— Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 54;
Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 69.

II. SEMECARPUS, Linn.—Anacardium, Lam. ill. t. 208 ; Gaertn. fr. t. 40.

Flowers polygamous-dicecious. Calyx 5-cleft. Petals 5, inserted under
the margin of the disk, sessile, very spreading: sestivation imbricative. Sta-
mens 5, inserted under the margin of the disk, equal, distinct. Torus a cup-
shaped disk. Ovary free, sessile, 1-celled. Styles 3 from the apex of the
ovary. Stigmas clavate, retuse. Fruit somewhat cordate, sessile on the icr
larged elevated incrassated depressed or cup-shaped or turbinate torus ; peri-
carp hard and thick, containing between the inner and outer lamina cells full
of a corrosive resinous juice. Seed suspended. Cotyledons thick, fleshy,
plano-convex. Radicle Superior, minute, concealed within the apex of the

cotyledons.—Trees, Leaves simple, entire and quite entire, Panicles ter-
minal, branched, bracteolated.

523. (1) S. Anacardium (Linn. :) leaves cuneate-obovate, rounded at the
apex, whitish beneath but scarcely downy: enlarged torus turbinate:
sessile, cordate-ovate, with a slight notch on one side under the apex.
fru 2. p. 02 (y) Spr. syst. 1. p. 935; Rozb. Cor. 1. t. 12: fi. Ind. 2. p. 833
Wight ! cat. n. 523.—8. cuneifolium, Wall. L, n. 986. c.—Anacardium latifo-
lium, Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 139 ; ill. t. 208. fig. i, b—A. officinarum, Gertn.
S. cuneifolium, Roxb., has the leaves tomentose beneath, and the nut with
the one side nearly straight while the other is curved. Of it, Dr Roxburg
Says that it is “ a native of the range of mountains that bounds Hindostan
on the north ;" and adds, that the heat of Bengal is * too great for this SP" — —
cies:” whence we have referred Wall. L. 986. c (from Heyne's herbarium); ae
although we have not seen specimens, to S. anacardium, that species not
g otherwise noticed in Wallich's List. 3

BUCHANANIA. TEREBINTHACEÆ. 169

IH. HOLIGARNA. Roxb.

Flowers polygamous-dicecious. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, from a broad
base, contiguous, oblong, spreading. Stamens 5, shorter than the corolla.
Ovarium (in the bisexual flowers) connate with the tube of the calyx, 1-celled,
l-ovuled: ovule suspended on one side from near the apex of the cell.
Styles 1-3 from the top of the ovary. Fruit inferior, oval; pericarp thick,
somewhat fleshy, containing between its lamina cells full of thick acrid juice.
Seed with a transverse embryo. Cotyledons thick, broader than long: radi-
cle from the broad side of the cotyledons, opposite to the hilum.— Trees.
Leaves petioled, alternate, oblong, acute or acuminated, entire and quite en-
tire, glabrous or when young with a short rusty-coloured pubescence.

524. (1) H. longifolia (Roxb.:) leaves cuneate, oblong or acute: petioles
usually with a subulate soft incurved thorn-like deciduous proeess on each
side about the middle: panicles terminal and axillary : styles recurved: stig-
mas lunate.— Rozb, Cor. 3. t. 282 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 80; DC. prod. 2. p. 63; Spr.
Mal i p. 935 ; Wight! cat. n. 525, 526.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t.9—T ravancore.

E

H. racemosa, Roxb., is distinguished by the leaves narrower, flowers ra-
cemose, one short style, and a capitate stigma. E

IV. BUCHANANIA. Rozb.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx small, obtusely 5- (occasionally 3-4-) cleft,
persistent. Petals 5, inserted under the disk, oblong, sessile, recurved. | Sta-
mens 10, inserted under the disk, shorter than the corolla, distinct, spread-
ing. Disk orbicular, 10-crenated at the margin. Pistilla 5 ; four abortive,
being mere styles; one fertile with a 1-celled 1-ovuled ovary immersed in
the disk: ovule pendulous from a longish curved podosperm rising from the
base of the cell. Style subulate. Stigma obtuse. Fruit a compressed ovoid-
globose drupe: sarcocarp thin, slightly fleshy: nut very hard, 2-valved,
l-celled. Seed with a transverse embryo. Cotyledons thick.— Trees. Leaves
alternate, simple, entire and quite entire. Panicles terminal and axillary to-
Wards the summit of the branches. Flowers small, greenish-white.

525. (1) B. latifolia (Roxb.:) leaves broadly oval or obovate, obtuse:
branches of the panicles hirsute, with the flowers crowded.— Roxb. Al. Ind. 2.
P. 385; in E. T. C. mus. tab. 103; DC. prod. 2. p. 64; Wall.! L. n. 983;
Wight! cat. n. 527, 528.— Spondias elliptica, Rottl./— —Mountainous parts of

€ coast.

. . 526. (2) B. angustifolia (Roxb. :) leaves linear-oblong, obtuse or emargi-

nate: cei ene pani ead es with the flowers lax.—Roeb. Cor. 3.
t. 262 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 986 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 64; Spr. syst. 2. p. 813; Wall. ! L.
n. 982; Wight! cat. n. 529, 530.—Cambessedea . ...... Kunth.—Spondias
lacjPeifolia, Rottl.! in Willd. nov. ac. nat. cur. Ber. 4. p. 87.—Mangifera axil-

3 .

V. MANGIFERA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 100; Lam. ill. t. 138.
Flowers polygamous. Calyx 5-partite, deciduous. Petals 4-5, inserted
under the torus, furnished on the inside with a lobed glandular scale or crest :
estivation imbricative. Stamens arising from the torus: 1 (or occasionally
2) fertile, ascending, opposite to one of the lower sepals, with a subulate
fleshy filament about as long as the style: the others sterile (usually 3 or 4,
Sometimes more), slender, minute, tipped with a small gland. Torus a thick

170 TEREBINTHACE. SORINDEJA.

fleshy 4—5-lobed disk. Ovary with its base immersed in the torus, oblique,
consisting of a solitary carpel, 1-celled, 1-ovuled: ovule attached a little
above the base to the upper side of the ovary. Style 1, from the upper edge _
of the ovary, curved downwards. Stigma simple. Drupe somewhat com-
pressed ; sarcocarp fleshy ; nut compressed, woody, 1-celled, 2-valved, co-
vered on the outside with fibrous filaments. Seed solitary. Embryo between
erect and transverse. Cotyledons thick, fleshy : radicle opposite to the hilum,
curved slightly upwards.—Trees. Leaves alternate, coriaceous, entire and
quite entire. Panicles terminal, much branched. Flowers small.

M. oppositifolia, Roxb., differs from this genus b having opposite leaves, 4-5 sta-
mens all fertile, a short style composed of 3 combined, 3 stigmas, of which 2 are
abortive and 1 fertile and much larger than the others, an evalvular nut, and erect
embryo. To this we propose to apply the generic name of Cambessedea.

527. (1) M. Indica (Linn. :) leaves lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, shin-
ing: panicles pubescent, erect : petals 5: fertile stamen arising from the inner
side of the lobed disk: drupe obliquely oblong or somewhat reniform, obtuse,
OE mee prod. 2. p. 63; Spr. syst. 1. p. 17 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 641;

ed Wall.) 2. p.435 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 69 ; Wight! cat. n. 541.—M. monta-

"uar oe domestica, Gertn.—Rheed. Mal. 4. t.1,2; Rumph: Amb. 1.
4. 25, 61?

VL SORINDEJA. Pet.-Thouars.

Flowers polygamous, diccious. Calyx urceolate, with usually 5 obsolete.
acute teeth, persistent. Petals as many as the teeth of the calyx, inserted on
the middle of the tube, sessile, oblong, spreading over the margin of the calyx:
sestivation between valvular and imbricative. Torus a thin fleshy disk cover-

from the base of the cell: style very short, thick. Stigma 3-lobed. Drupe
somewhat compressed: nut covered with fibrous filaments. Embryo between
` Inverted and transverse, Cotyledons thick, fleshy: radicle opposite to the

hilum.—A tree, Leaves alternate, un ally xi alea be
Flowers small. » unequally pinnated. Panic

Kunth and De Gantt? stamens in the bisexual flowers, not 5, as described br

the former appears to have taken his ref. a inci i |

u Petit Thouars
Brown mentions another quw from the Con A c we lieet Li seen. £ osed
t- 60, is See e by ilton, but we are rather

* 528. (1) S. Madagascariensis (DC. :) leaflets al pubs

Í . 2) le ternate or o ,
neate-oblong, retuse with a short blunt Eom jonini, olabrous, waved
on the margin.— Dc. prod. 2, p. 80; Wight! eat. n 369.—Mangifera pinnata,

Lam. encycl. meth. 3. p. 697 (not Linn.) ; herb, Ham. !, and in Linn. Soc. Tr. — ;

13. p. 531.— Bursera acutifolia, Sieb. / maur, r, n. 288

The specimens before us were from Klein’s herbarium, and marked as gê-
thered in the Missionaries’ Garden in 1809. We do not know from whence |
thé plant was obtained ; probably from the Mauritius, where it has been for

along time cultivated in the Botanie Garden near Pomplemousse.

Opina. TEREBINTHACEÆ. 171

VII. SOLENOCARPUS. W.& A.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx small, 5-cleft, deciduous: segments rounded..
Petals 5, oval, sessile, equal, inserted between the calyx and the disk: æsti-
vation valvular. Stamens 10, inserted below the margin of the disk: fila-
ments alternately shorter, nearly as long as the corolla: anthers elliptical.
Torus a slightly concave entire disk, girding the base of the ovary. Ovary
free, sessile, 1-celled: ovule solitary, pendulous from a short podosperm on
one side near the apex of the cell. Style 1, thick, nearly as long as the sta-
mens, furrowed longitudinally along the one side. Stigma oblique. Fruit
(immature) somewhat reniform, hairy: pericarp with several (10 or fewer)
longitudinal linear cells (vitte) full of fragrant oil in its substance, 1-celled,
l-seeded. Seed pendulous from the apex of the convex side of the fruit.—
A tree? Leaves fascicled at the extremities of the old branches and alternate
9n the young ones, on longish petioles, unequally pinnated : leaflets 5-7-
pairs, elliptic-oblong, acuminated, slightly crenulated, glabrous, paler be-
neath ; lateral nerves pellucid, uniting into one that is parallel and close to
‘the margins. Panicles fascicled, from the apex of the branches. Lu

We had some doubts whether this might not form a second species of Pegia, but
80 far as we can ascertain from Colebrooke’s imperfect description, it must be dis-
tinct. In Pegia the calyx is persistent, and the fruit is globular: the foliage and the

general appearance also appear to be different. In many points our genus resembles
the following : both have considerable affinity with the Burseracee.
Courtallum.

529. (1) S. Indica (W. & A.)—Wight ! cat. n. 546, 547.

VIII. ODINA. Roxb.

Polygamous. Calyx shortly 4-lobed, persistent, segments rounded. Pe-
tals 5, oblong, concave, spreading : æstivation imbricative. Stamens inserted
below the margin of the disk: anthers ovate. Torus discoid, fleshy, 8-cre-
nated, the erenatures alternating with the stamens. Rudimentary pistillum
(in the male) 4-partite ; segments erect, compressed, clavate. Ovary (in the
bisexual flowers) free, oblong, 1-celled: ovule solitary, pendulous from one
side near the apex of the cell. Styles 4, from the top of the ovary short,
erect. Stigmas simple. Drupe reniform, glabrous, not compressed, very
hard; 1-celled. Seed solitary, of the same shape as the nut. Embryoslight-
ly curved, inverted, Cotyledons fleshy, flat.—Large trees. Leaves alternate,
about the ends of the branches, unequally pinnated: leaflets 3-4-pair, oppo-
Site, almost sessile, oblong-ovate, acuminated, glabrous, quite entire, paler
beneath. Racemes terminal, fascicled, interrupted, filiform and pendulous.

Owers small, fascicled.

530. (1) O. wodier (Roxb.)—Rozb. ft. Ind. 2. p. 293; Wight! cat. n. 542.
This is one of the most commonly cultivated and best known trees —
9ut the Peninsula, where, though far from being either ornamental or useful,
its quickness of growth from cuttings recommends it; but we have been un-
able to detect any notice of it in European botanical works. Roxburgh does
not mention the etymology : we know, however, that, in some of the southern
cts, it is called O-the-yin-poo-marum, the first part of which may have

d Odina. Wodier seems another native name; it is the Wodur of Dr
Anderson’s miscellanies.

172 TEREBINTHACE X. Rnvs.

IX. RHUS. Linn. s Lam. ill. t. 207.

Flowers polygamous or bisexual. Calyx small, 5-partite, persistent. Pe-
tals 5, ovate, patent, inserted under the margin of the disk: sestivation im-
bricative. Stamens 5, inserted into the disk, equal, free. Torus an orbicu-
lar disk. Ovary sessile, ovate or globose, 1-celled : ovule solitary, suspended
from a longish eurved podosperm rising from the base of the cell. Styles 8
from the top of the ovary, distinct or combined. Stigmas distinct, obtuse
or capitate. Fruit almost a dry drupe: nut bony, 1-celled. Seed solitary,
frem a podosperm that rises from the base to the apex of the cell. Embryo
inverted : cotyledons foliaceous : radicle opposite to the hilum, bent down-
wards along the margin of the cotyledons.—Shrubs or trees. Leaves alter-
nate, simple or compound. Panicles axillary or terminal.

531. (1) R. (Sumac) decipiens (W. & A.:) leaves glabrous, unequally pin-
nated ; rachis interruptedly winged, the portion between each leaflet tapering
at the base and truncated at the apex; leaflets narrow-oblong or linear, ta-
pering at the base, quite entire: panicles axillary, large, shorter than the
leaves ; branches angled, spreading horizontally: disk woolly: ovary ovate:
style clavate, shortly 3-cleft at the apex.—z ; leaflets narrow-oblong, about
6 or 8 pair.—Wight! cat. n. 520.—Burm. zeyl. t. 45.—8; leaflets linear-
acuminated, about 12 pair.— Wight ! cat. n. 521.——— Southern provinces.

We fear that the characters of these varieties are not constant ; we have
only seen the flowers of our 2. The same vernacular name, Mail-nochye, is
applied to it that Leschenault and Jussieu gave to Mallea Rothii.

532. (2) R. (Sumac) Mysurensis (Heyne:) branches often spinescent ;
young ones, petioles, and panicles, densely pubescent: leaves palmately tri-
foliate 3 leaflets obovate, retuse, sinuate-lobed, villous beneath, lateral ones
roundish, terminal one much the largest with a cuneate tapering base: pani-
cles terminal or from the axils of the upper leaves, much longer than the
leaves: disk concave, glabrous, with the stamens inserted under its margin :
styles distinct, each with a capitate stigma: fruit globose.— Heyne ! in herb.
E. I. C.; G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p.14; Wall.! L. n. 997 ; Wight! cat. n.
519.—R. Indicum, herb. Madr.! Mysore, Heyne.

, Very closely allied to R. parviflorum, Roxb., but differing in several par-

c

ticulars.

Suborder 2. SPONDIE® (Kunth.) Flowers sometimes unisexual.
Calyx 5-cleft, regular. Petals 5, equal: wstivation between valvate
and imbricate. Stamens 10, perigynous, distinct. Torus large, dis-
coid. Ovarium superior, sessile, 2-5-celled: ovules solitary, pendu-
lous: styles 5, short: stigmas obtuse. Fruit drupaceous, 2-5-celled.
Seed solitary in each cell. Albumen none. Radicle pointing to the
hilum : cotyledons plano-convex.—Trees. Leaves imparipinnate, alter-
nate, not dotted, exstipulate.

X. SPONDIAS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t, 384 ; Gertn. fr. t. 104.
Flowers bisexual, but often sterile. Calyx small, 5-cleft or toothed, deci-
duous. Petals 5, inserted under the margin of the disk, sessile, spreading:
sestivation almost valvular. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals, Disk cup-
shaped, with a crenulated elevated margin. Ovary free, sessile, 5-celled :

Sponpras. TEREBINTHACEJE. 173

ovule solitary in each cell, suspended from near the apex of the axis. Styles
5, short and thick, distinct, rather distant at the base, conniving upwards.
Drupe fleshy : nut 5- (or from abortion 1-3-) celled. Seeds solitary, pendu-
lous. Embryo straight, inverted.— Trees. Leaves alternate, unequally pin-
nated, without dots. Panicles axillary and terminal. Flowers whitish or
ted. Fruit eatable.

In S. lutea, mangifera, and dulcis, the ovules are certainly solitary and suspended,
notwithstanding what Gertner thought he saw to the contrary: we have not seen S.
purpurea. S. dulcis may perhaps form a distinct genus yino pa on account of
the singular structure of the nut; there, from the axisnot being prolonged while the
cells are enlarged, not only does the nut become lobed, but the formerly pendulous
ovules seem at length to form ascending seeds, with an inferior hilum and radicle.
Blume, trusting to Gertner’s accuracy as to the number and position of the ovules,
has separated all the Indian species which he found to have solitary ovules, and
placed them in Poupartia ; df amongst these S. dulcis, which he seems to consider
as having a centrifugal radicle, while Garin spe it centripetal.

533. (1) S. mangifera (Pers.:) petiole terete: leaflets 4-5-pairs, ovate or
elliptic-oblong, abruptly acuminated, oblique at the base, quite entire, veiny
and glabrous: panicle diffuse: drupe oval pee : nut oblong, woody, very
hard, outwardly slightly fibrous —DC. prod. 2. p. 75; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 451 ;
Wight ! cat. n. 534.—S. amara, Lam.; Spr. syst. 2. p. 439.—8. Amra, Ham.
in Linn. Soc. Trans. 18. p. 531.—S. paniculata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
50.—Mangifera pinnata, Koen.; Linn. f. suppl. p. 156 (not Lam.)—Poupartia
Mangifera, Blume; G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 79.—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 50;
Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 612 : 3 :

The Condondum of Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 60, which Hamilton (in Wern. Soc.
Tr. 5. p. 359) seems disposed to refer to Sorindeja, we are rather inclined to
consider the same with S. dulcis, Forst.

* 534. (2) S. acuminata (Roxb.:) petioles terete: leaflets 5-8 pair, nearly
Opposite, long-oval, acuminated, remotely crenulated, shining.— Roa. fi.
Ind. 2. p. 453. Malabar.

With this we are quite unaequainted, and unfortunately Roxburgh does
not furnish us with the details of the flower, ovary, or fruit, which, however,

itis probable that he never saw. Supposing it not to be a Spondias, it may
Prove to be our Solenocarpus Indica.

Suborder 3. BunsEREX ( Kunth.) Flowers usually bisexual. Calyx
Persistent, somewhat regular, 2-5-divided. Petals 3-5, equal : æstiva-
tion usually valvular. Stamens two or four times as many as petals,
distinct, perigynous. Torus orbieular. Ovarium 2—5-celled, superior,
Sessile: ovules in pairs, collateral, suspended: style one or none:
stigma simple or lobed. Fruit rarely a hard capsule ; usually drupa-
ceous, 2-5-celled, its outer portion or sarcocarp often splitting into
valves. Seed solitary. Albumen none. Radicle straight, superior,
next the hilum: cotyledons fleshy, or wrinkled and plaited.— Trees or
shrubs abounding in balsam, gum, or resin. Leaves alternate, usually
not dotted, generally with stipules.

Rumphia of Linnewus, apparently characterised solely from Rheede’s figure and
description (Mal. 4. t. 11), geh d referred to the Terebinthacem, cle » syne
affinity with this suborder than with the others, on account of the 3-ce ex rire
even although we suppose the calyx to be tubular and trifid, with a 3-lo ne ira ea
at its base, and the petals to be i and distinct, by which it would xd s er cim
Ca having 3 stamens, yet the habit is — different. Perhaps, rj
ever, each apparent stamen may be composed of several filaments, a structure whic

174 TEREBINTHACE E. BoswELMA.
might bring it nearer to the Bytineriacea. But it is by no means certain that th

calyx is not connate with the arog; and this, from Rheede’s mode of expression, is
very probable ; in which case an affinity might exist with the Alangice. It has been
also conjectured that the bractea may be the true calyx, and the apparent calyx a
tube to the corolla, which would thus have 3 spreading segments. The plant has
been seen, we believe, by no modern botanist: Rheede found it in “ Parakaroo and
other provinces of Malabar.”

XI. BOSWELLIA. Roab.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx small, 5-toothed, persistent. Petals 5, obovate-
oblong, very patent, acute at the base, insérted under the margin of the disk :
sestivation slightly imbricative. Stamens 10, inserted under the disk, alter-
nately shorter: filaments subulate, persistent: anthers caducous. Torus a
cup-shaped disk, fleshy, larger than the calyx, crenulated on the margin,
Ovary oblong, sessile. Style 1, the length of the stamens, caducous. Stigma
capitate, 3-lobed. Fruit capsular, 3-angled, 3-celled, 3-valved, septicidal :
valves hard. Seeds solitary in each cell, surrounded by a broad membrana-
ceous wing. Cotyledons intricately folded, multifid.— Trees produeing bal-
sam and resin. Leaves deciduous, alternate towards the top of the branches,
unequally pinnated: leaflets opposite, serrated. Stipules none. Racemes
terminal or axillary. Flowers on short pedicels, white.

Although we describe this in conformity to other botanists as a capsule, it is in
reality a modification of a drupe, the coriaceous sarcocarp splitting at the angles
inte. valves, which remove with them the endocarp or nuts, each containing a $

535. (1) B. glabra (Roxb. :) leaflets broadly-lanceolate, obtuse, serrated,
glabrous: racemes simple, terminal, fascicled, shorter than the leaves.—
Roxb. Cor. 3. t. 207 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 384 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 16.——Mountainous
districts of Coromandel.

In the specimen which we have seen (in Hamilton's herbarium) from the
Calcutta Botanic Garden, marked however “ B. thurifera, Colebr,” the leaflets
are glabrous, oblong, quite obtuse, and distinctly crenate-serrated : Rox
says they are sometimes quite entire ; he also quotes Canarium balsamiferum,
Willd. Rumph. Amb. 2. t.50) which has acuminated entire leaves, but which
is, according to Rumph’s description, a true Canarium.

536. (2) B. thurifera (Colebr.:) leaflets oblong, obtuse, serrated, pubes-
cent: racemes axillary, single, shorter than the leaves.—Colebrooke in As.
res. 9. p. 377 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 383. Mountainous parts of Coromandel.

We dare not quote here B. serrata, Stackh. extr. Bruc. p. 19. t. 3, the
leaves being usually described as ovate-oblong and acuminated: nor, for the
same reason, can we refer, with Roxburgh, to Rumph Amb. 2. t. 51,
Canarium hirsutum, Willd., or Bosw. hirsuta, Sm. The different species T°-
quire however to be re-examined, in order to obtain better specific characters.

XII. CANARIUM. Linn.; Gertn. Sr. t. 102.

Flowers polygamous-dicecious. Calyx eampanulate, 3-lobed ; lobes un-
equal. Petals 3, inserted under the disk, twice as long as the calyx, oblong,
concave: sestivation imbricative. Stamens 6, inserted under the disk, shorter
than the petals, unequal. Torus an urceolate disk, at the bottom of the
calyx. Ovary sessile, ovate-globose, 3-celled. Style very short, or wanting
Stigma 3-lobed. Fruit a drupe: sarcocarp thin, somewhat fleshy: nut very
hard, 3-angled, 3-celled (two of the cells often abortive). Seed solitary 1?
gach perfect cell. Cotyledons intricately folded, deeply 3-cleft.— Trees.

Garvuea. TEREBINTHACES. 175

Leaves unequally pinnated, upper ones with large deciduous stipules. Flowers
panicled, bracteolated.

C.? Sajiga, Ham. ! (herb. n. 614) is Turpinia pomifera, DC.

537. (1) C. commune (Linn. :) stipules oval, inserted at the base of the
common petiole : leaflets 7-11, on long stalks, ovate-oblong, acute or shortly
acuminated, quite entire, glabrous: panicle terminal, divaricated ; flowers
2-3 together, almost sessile at the extremity of the ultimate pedicels, before
expanding enclosed in thin broadly ovate concave silky bracteoles : calyx
externally silky: nut with 1-2 cells (usually) abortive.— Kon. in ann. bot.
1. p. 260. t. 7. f. 2; DC. prod. 2. p. 19 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 125 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3.
P. 197; Wight! cat. n. 387, 535, 536.—C. mehenbethene, Gertn. Sr. 2. t. 1022
—Amyris Zeylanica, Retz, obs. 4. p. 25 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 218.—Balsamodendron
Zeylanicum, Kunth ; DC. prod. 2. p. 76.—Colophonia Mauritiana, DC. prod.
2. p. 79.—Bursera paniculata, Lam. encycl. meth. 2. p. 768 3 Spr. syst. 2.
p. 313.— Rumph. Amb. 2. t. AT, 48 2

_ Konig states that, in the wild plant, the nut has three cells, but when cul-
tivated two of them generally disappear; this may explain the difference be-
tween Geertner’s figure and those of Konig and Rumph; but we incline to
Suspect that what Geertner has figured belongs to Rumph’s t. 48, and that it
constitutes a different species.

538. (2) C. strictum (Roxb. :) young parts densely clothed with rusty co-
loured short pubescence: stipules subulate: leaflets 9-15, stalked, ovate or
ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, at length serrulate-ciliate, hairy—Roab. fl.
Ind. 3. p. 138. Tinevelly. :

Introduced into the Botanic Garden of Calcutta, where it does not appear
to have flowered. We consider it a very doubtful species. The leaves are
described to be 3-4 feet long ; and the leaflets about a foot, by six inches

Toad.

XIII. GARUGA. Rozb.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx campanulate, 5-furrowed, 5-cleft: segments
erect, Petals 5, linear, inserted into the mouth of the calyx between its
lobes, and under the margins of the divisions of the torus : sestivation valvular,
With the margin curved in. Stamens 10, about equal, 5 inserted with the
petals, 5 at the base of the calycine segments: filaments hairy at the base.
Torus thin, fleshy, 5-cleft ; divisions closely adhering to the calyx, opposite
to its segments; each with an obtusely almost glandular emarginate apex
(resembling a gland placed on each side of every petal). Ovary sessile, ovate,
5-celled : style thick, about as long as the petals. Stigma 5-lobed. Drupe
globose, fleshy, with from 1-5 one-seeded nuts.—Large trees. Leaves une-
qually pinnated: leaflets nearly sessile, crenate-serrated. Flowers panicled.

Although unnoticed by De Candolle, the torus or disk is very conspicuous, lining
the tube ot the calyx. The stamens that alternate with the petals, although appa-
rently unconnected with the torus, yet in reality must be attached to a thin e
of it, expanded between the darker coloured divisions, to which alone in the " n»
character we have applied the term. We do not understand what De Mec Dno
means by saying, that are are 5 glands, one between every pair of stamens: inel
Meant the bifid extremities of the divisions of the torus, he must have descri
ds, alternate with the stamens, or a pair between every petal.

539. (1) G. pinnata (Roxb.)— Rob. Cor. 3. t. 208 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 400 ; DC.
Prod. 2. p. 80; Spr. syst. 2. a Madagascariensis, DC.? i. c.— Rheed.
33

Hamilton, in his herbarium, now belonging to the University of Edinburgh,
Temarks that the leaves are villous or ‘glabrous on the same tree: whence we
Cannot separate the Madagascar plant from the Malabar and Bengal one.

176 TEREBINTHACE., Protium.

: XIV. PROTIUM. Burm.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx campanulate, 4-toothed, persistent. Petals
4, linear-oblong, inserted under the margin of the torus: sestivation valvular,
the margin curved in. Stamens 8, shorter than the corolla, glabrous, inserted
under the margin of the torus. Torus cup-shaped, fleshy, deeply crenated.
Ovary sessile, 2-celled : ovules 2 in each cell, collateral, suspended from the
middle of the axis. Style very short: stigma obtuse, 4-lobed. Drupe globose
or ovate ; nut thick and very hard, bony, 2-celled (one of the cells by abor-
tion often obliterated), at length divisible into two nuts. Seed solitary in
each perfect cell—Trees giving out balsam. Leaves unequally pinnated:
leaflets 3-7, without dots.

We have never seen the parts of the flower in a quinary proportion, but Kunth
seems to have sometimes observed this, if his Protium be indeed the same. Future
observations on the living plants may prove, that there are not more than two dis-

tinct species of the genus, corresponding to our two sections, but the specimens
before us present a considerable difference of habit.

$ 1. Calyx tubular-campanulate, 4-angled : stamens, 4 inserted on the back of
the crenatures of the torus, 4 inserted with the petals under its clefts between
the crenatures : torus 4-crenated, lining the tube of the calyx halfway up:
drupe globose: sarcocarp thick, splitting into 4 valves : nut globose —Leaflets
3-7, acuminated, all stalked : flowers few, in lax panicles.—Protium, Burm.

540. (1) P. caudatum (W. & A.:) branches not spinescent: leaves un-
equally pinnated ; leaflets 1-2 pairs, petiolate, ovate-lanceolate with a long
fine sharp acumination, quite entire, glabrous: panicles fascicled, supra-

» from the young shoots of the season, equal to or exceeding the
length of the young leaves, shorter than the adult ones, 2-3 times dichoto-
mous, lax.— Wight! cat. n. 552.

541. (2) P. Roxburghiana (W. & A.:) branches not spinescent: leaves un-
equally pinnated ; leaflets 1-3 pairs, shortly petioled, oval, sometimes acuteat
the base, ending in a short abrupt often obtuse point, quite entire, glabrous:
panicles from the ends ofthe last year's shoots, usually shorter than the petioles,
dichotomous, lax.— Wight! cat. n. 548, 549, 550.—Amyris acuminata, Roab.?
f. is p. 246 ; in E B C. mus. tab. 1831. dst ;
r as we can judge from the specimens before us, this may be distin-
guished from the last by the want ofthe long tapering point to the leaf. The
peduncles in the present, arise “from the base of the tender shoots below
the young leaves,” as Roxburgh describes in his plant from the Moluccas,
and not from the “ tender shoots” themselves, a little above the axils of the
young leaves; on which account we refer Roxburgh’s Am. acuminata here
instead of to P. eaudatum. At page 96 of this work we mentioned that this
would form a new genus next to Protium s we then meant the genus accort-
Ac the character given by Kunth and De Candolle, from which ours above
iffers considerably.

542. (3) P. pubescens (W. & A.:) branches not spinescent: leaves un-
equally pinnated ; leaflets usually 3 pairs, nearly sessile, roundish ovate, with
a short obtuse acumination, quite entire, densely pubescent on the
side: panicles (in fruit) rather longer than the petioles, 2-3 times dichoto-
mous, lax.— Wight ! cat. n. 551. iz

§ 2.? Calyx short, broadly campanulate (Vahl): torus 8-crenated, the erena-
tures resembling glands, alternate with the stamens (Kunth): drupe ovate,
pointed: nut A-angled.— Leaflets 3, or occasionally 5, sessile : peduneles

2

*

Tete. TEREBINTHACEX. 177

terminal on very short branchlets, dichotomous, or 1-flowered and either
solitary or aggregated.—— Balsamodendron, Kunth. à
543. (4) P. Gileadense (W. & A.:) ultimate branches short, patent, spines-
cent, with small very short. abortive branchlets, bearing at their extremities
the leaves and flowers: leaves palmately 3-foliolate ; leaflets roundish ob-
ovate, obtuse, obscurely crenulate, glabrous: peduncles 1-flowered, shorter
than the petioles— Wight! cat. n. 543.—Balsamodendron Gileadense, DC.
prod. 2. p. 76.—Amyris Gileadensis, Linn.; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 246; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 217 ; Fahl, symb. 1. t. 11.—A. spinosa, herb. Madr. !
€ have no means of ascertaining whether the other species referred to
Balsamodendron by Kunth and De Candolle be distinet, or be only varieties.

XV. ICICA. Aubl.

Calyx small, obtusely 5-toothed. Petals 5, inserted under the disk, re-
curved, sessile: sestivation valvular. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals,
and shorter than them. Torus cup-shaped, 10-crenated at the margin. : Ova-
ry free, sessile, 5-celled: ovules 2in each cell, collateral, pendulous from the
upper part of the axis. Style very short. Stigma5-angled. Drupe globose,
obtuse, 1-3-celled, the dissepiments (when present) thick and fleshy ; sarco-
carp coriaceous, splitting into valves: nuts (seeds ?) bony, very hard, solita-
ty in each cell, covered with an adhering arilliform fibrous pulp, marked ex-
ternally with a depression or hilum, swollen internally opposite to the hilum
9r point of attachment of the placenta. Cotyledons foliaceous, thin, intri-
cately folded and chrysaloid: radicle superior, cylindrical, thick.—Trees,
Producing resin or balsam. Leaves unequally pinnated, not dotted. Stipules
Done, Racemes or panicles axillary. Flowers small, white, or yellowish
green,

i i in view, but

there eere Aeon ind the. toad peso bl ied except the

ht addition by him for the reception of such as have the flowers divided in a qua-
Ty manner.

544. (1) I. Indica (W. & A.:) youn shoots, petioles, pedicels and calyx
el) leaflets AME Seti, sbiehigchunceotatss with a sudden short
obtuse acumination, more or less serrulated, from almost glabrous to densely
pubescent : panicles axillary, solitary, lax, narrow (racemiform), much shorter

the leaves: stamens 10: fruit-bearing peduncle thickened.— Wight! cat.
n. 985.—Bursera serrata, Wall. ; Colebr. in Linn. soc. trans. 15. p. 362. t. 4;
G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 84. —Schinus Benghalensis, herb. Ham. !—8. sa-
heria, herb. Ham. !—S, Niara, herb. Ham. ! |

niu

ORDER LV.—MORINGEJE. R. Brown.

Calyx 5-partite: wstivation slightly imbricated. Petals 5, nearly
equal, the upper one ascending. Stamens perigynous : filaments 10,
flat, and hairy at the base: anthers 8 or 10, peltate, simple, 1-celled,
with a thick convex connectivum. ‘Torus fleshy, lining the tube of the
calyx, Ovarium free, stipitate, l-celled : style filiform, terminal, not
obliquely inserted : stigma simple. - Placentæ three, parietal. Fruit a
Pod-like capsule, 1-celled, 3-valved, loculicide. Seeds numerous, half-

ied in the fungous substance of the valves. Albumen none. Ra-
M

178 MORINGE X. Morinea.

dicle straight, small: cotyledons fleshy, plano-convex.—Leaves twice
or thrice pinnate, with an odd leaflet. Racemes panicled.

MORINGA. Juss. ; Lam. ill. t. 337.

Character the same as that of the order.

545. (1) M. pterygosperma (Geertn.:) 5 stamens without anthers: capsules
triquetrous: seeds 3-angled, the angles expanding into wings.—Gerin. fr. 2.
p. 314. t. 147 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 478; Wall.! L. n. 5814; Wight! cat. n. 632.—
M. oleifera, Lam. encycl. Meth. 1. p. 398.—M. Zeylanica, Pers. syn. 1. p. 460.
—Guilandina Moringa, Linn. sp. p. 546; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. t. 58.—Hype-
ranthera Moringa, Vahl, symb. 1. p. 30 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 827; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2.
p. acu Moringa, Lour.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 11; Rumph. Amb. 1.
t. 14.

*546. (2) M. polygona (DC.:)'all the stamens bearing anthers: capsules
many-angled: seeds 3-angled, the angles expanding into wings.—DC. prod.
2. p. 478.—Hyperanthera decandra, Willd. sp. p. 535 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 327.—
Anoma Moringa Lour.—Burm. Zeyl.t.75; Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 15.

Perhaps a mere variety of the last ; we have never seen specimens of it.

ORDER LVI—LEGUMINOS/E. Juss.

Calyx 5-parted, or toothed, or cleft, with the odd segment anterior;
segments often unequal, and variously combined. Petals 5 (or, from
abortion, 4, 3, 2, 1, or wanting), inserted into the base or upon tle
tube of the calyx, usually unequal, sometimes variously combined; the
odd petal superior. Stamens definite or indefinite, inserted with the
petals, or sometimes hypogynous, distinct, or monadelphous, or diadel-
phous, or rarely triadelphous : anthers bilocular, versatile. Ovaria free
from the calyx, 1-celled, almost always solitary, very rarely 2-5:
ovules solitary or several: style simple, proceeding from the upper
or ventral suture: stigma simple. Fruit a legume or drupe.
solitary or several, sometimes with an arillus or large carunculus. Al-
bumen none. Embryo straight or with the radicle bent back along -
the edge of the cotyledons: cotyledons thin and nearly foliaceous, 0r
thick and fleshy.— Leaves alternate, usually trifoliate or pinnated, some
times reduced to a solitary leaflet, with usually stipules at the base of
the petiole, and at the base of each leaflet. Pedicels usually jointed.
gulshed Polio quenti tet EB teas TENERE gaa E EE ED
mains thick and fleshy, as in the common garden bean or pea ; while the other Lg
comes more thin and foliaceous, resembling almost the leaves of the plant.
have followed De Candolle pretty closely in his arrangement of the genera,

it must be allowed, the characters of the subtribes and their divisions are not p
very well defined. i

TRIBE L—PAPILIONACER. Linn.; DC. |
Sepals imbricated or slightly valvate in wstivation. Corolla meet

maceous, irregular, and with the stamens inserted into the bottom ©
the calyx, or perigynous. Embryo with the radicle bent back on the

Sornora. LEGUMINOSZE. 179

edge of the cotyledons.— Leaves simple or simply compound, never
twice or thrice pinnated.

SUBTRIBE L—SOPHOREE, Spr.

Stamens distinct. Legumen without joints. Cotyledons flat, foliaceous during.
germination.

I. SOPHORA. Linn. s R. Brown; Lam. ill. t. 325. Ee

Calyx 5-toothed, campanulate, or somewhat attenuated at the base. Pe-
tals of the keel usually combined at their apex. Legumen moniliform, not
winged, several-seeded,— Trees, shrubs, or herbaceous plants. Leaves irre-
gularly pinnated, often without stipules. Racemes terminal, simple or pani-

947. (1) S. glauca (Lesch. :) shrubby : leaflets 19-23, elliptical, mucronate,
upper side glaucous and velvety, under villous: racemes terminal, crowded.
—DC. prod. 2. p. 95 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 170; Wall.! L. n. 5334 ; Wight!
tat. n. 634.— Neelgherries. A i

*548. (2) S. tomentosa (Linn. :) arborescent : leaflets 15-19, oval-roundish,
very obtuse, covered on both sides as well as the calyx with hoary tomen-
: Tacemes terminal, elongated.— Linn. sp. p. 533; DC. prod. 2. p. 95;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 846: Lam. ill. t. 325, f. 25 Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 816; in E. I.
C. mus, tab. 1416; Wail.! L. n. 5333.—8. occidentalis, Linn. sp. p. 533.—
Rumph. Amb. 4, t. 22.
umph’s figure is bad, in as far as he represents many of the leaflets acute ;
but his description is accurate. -

II. VIRGILIA, Lam. ill. t. 326.

Calyx unequally 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate. Corolla papilionaceous ; pe-
tals about equal: vexillum with the margins not bent back. Stamens quite
distinct, or shortly united at the base. Stigma beardless. Legume compressed,
oblong-linear, several-seeded.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves unequally pinnated.

Owers racemose.

We adopt this enus as left by De Candolle, but we must remark that it contains
the types of ed distinet ds That to which P. capensis aes y has the sta-
um quite distinct at the base ; the keel rostrate as in Crotalaria, and its petals com-
f ed at the back from the middle to the apex. V. lutea has been separated by Ra-
Bur, ve under the name Cladrastis lutea. V.intrusa Br. (with which V. syl

ca., is the same), and P. aurea, Lam., forms a third group or genus, having the
“ian persistent and shortly combined at the base, the eel obtuse and of two pe-
als, the T compressed, with a narrow wing or margin along its seminiferous
Suture, and its valves closely cohering with each other between the :
9 549. (1) V. aurea (Lam.:) young shoots slightly pubescent: leaflets about

9r 10 pairs, oval, obtuse, nearly glabrous, usually quite opposite : upper lip
of the calyx obtusely 2-lobed ; segments of the lower ovate, acutish: keel-
pur overlapping at the lower margin, distinct : stamens persistent, 9 short

connected at the very base, the tenth quite distinet : ovary rco t

Ban Blabrous.—Zam. ill. t. 320. f. 1; DC. prod. 3. p. 98; EM
tt ; Wight! cat. n. 999.—Robinia subdecandra, L’herit. st. nov. t. 75.—R.
nr Wall. ! L. n. 5653.—Podalyria aurea, Willd. sp. 2. p. 502.— Courtal-

We can see no diff hatever between the Indian plant and speci-
.. Wens before us from Bütopésit girdehs, exp that the flowers of the latter
_ “Me rather larger and of a deeper yellow.

u2

180 LEGUMINOS.E. - HeyLaNDi ——

SUBTRIBE IL—LOTEX. DC.

Stamens either all united (monadelphous), or nine united and one distinct (diadel-
hous) Legume not jointed, 1-celled, or rarely 2-celled from the one suture being
introflexed. Cotyledons flattish, foliaceous during germination.

_ A. Stems usually shrubby: leaves simple or palmately trifoliolate, rarely pinnated :
stamens almost always monadelphous : legume 1-celled.—Genistese, Brown.

.HI. HEYLANDIA. DC..

Calyx 5-cleft, lobes nearly equal. Corolla papilionaceous: keel obliquely
truncated, acuminated. Stamens monadelphous; the sheath cleft in front.
Style filiform, bent so as to form nearly a right angle. Legume compressed,
1-celled, 1-2-seeded. — Herbaceous -or shrubby plants, hairy, dichotomous,
without stipules. Leaves on short petioles, obliquely cordate-ovate or.cor-
date-roundish. Flowers axillary, solitary, nearly sessile, yellow, small. Le-
gumes more or less hairy.

550. (1) H. /atebrosa (DC.)—DC. mem. Leg. p. 201 ; prod. 2. p. 123 ; Spr.

syst. suppl. p. 267 ; Wight ! cat. n. 838.—H. hebecarpa, DC. mem. Leg. p. 200.
t. 94 ; prod. l. c. ; Spr. l. c. p. 266.—H. leiocarpa, DC. mem. Leg. p. 200 ; prod.
Lc; Spr.l.c.; Wall.! L. n. 5342.—Hallia hirta, Willd. sp. 3. p. 169.—H.
monophylla, Desv.—Hedysarum latebrosum, Linn. mant. p. 270.—Crotalaria
uniflora, Koen.; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 271; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 365.—Pluk.
t. 454. f. 8. :
. We have presumed to combine the three species proposed by De Candolle,
because they seem rather states of the same plant, arising partly from diier-
ence of age: indeed we have observed the legumes to vary from glabrous to
very hairy on the same specimen: had De Candolle seen a variety of speci-
mens instead of*one or two only of each, he would have probably been of the
same opinion.

IV. CROTALARIA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 148 ; Lam. ill. t. 617.

. Calyx 5-lobed, somewhat 2-lipped ; the upper lip 2-, the lower 3-cleft.
Corolla: vexillum large, cordate, with scales or callosities at the base: K
faleate, usually tapering to a point, more rarely obtuse. Filaments all united ;
sheath usually cleft in its upper part. Legumes turgid: valves ventricosé
inflated. Seeds compressed, reniform, usually several. — Herbaceous °F
shrubby plants. Stipules and bracteas sometimes minute or wanting, Some
times large. Leaves simple or palmately compound, with 3-5-7 leaflets.
Flowers usually yellow.

We omit here C. incana, Linn., Wight ! cat. n. 709, a species certainly only cult
vated in India, and from which C. affinis, DC. (a plant said to be from the Maritim ;
but probably not indigenous there) does not appear to differ. We also pass over 3
Brownei, Bertero !, DC. !, Wight cat. n, 708, our specimens having been raise the
the Missionaries’ Garden from seeds sent to them by Mr Moon from Ceylon ; : Jative

C. latifolia, Roxb.,” of his catalogue of Ceylon plants, erroneously said to bea © un-
of India. We learn from Dr ri de that specimens have been received b alpes
der that name from the Calcutta Botanic Garden, but it is not in Wallich's latter
nor in Roxburgh's Hortus Benghalensis : it is, however, the C. lanceolata of the of C.
‘work. When without fruit it might at first sight be taken for a large specimen: its
cytisoides, Roxb. ( Priotropis cytisoides, W. & À.), which however differs widely in 1*
carpological characters, having a legume elliptic, quite flat, slightly st ed, know
_ Rated at the nase snd terminated by the straight base of the style. We do pete ore
the C. striata, DC., nor from what part of India Leschenault obtained it: no chara!
ter is given sufficient to enable us to recognise it. Lae pem.

CRoTALARIA. LEGUMINOSZE. 181

a. Leaves simple, sessile or shortly petioled.

§ 1. Stipules decurrent: leaves simple : racemes few-flowered, lateral, springing
from the branch a little below the leaves, and on the opposite side: legume
oblong, many-seeded.—Alate.

551. (1) C. rubiginosa (Willd. :) low, shrubby, branched, diffuse, slender,
densely pubescent :. stipules triangular at the apex, decurrent: leaves simple,
from elliptic-oblong to roundish, mucronate, slightly tomentose and glaucous
beneath: racemes lateral: legume sessile, about twice the length of the ca-
lyx.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 973; DC. prod. 2. p. 125 3 Spr. syst. 3. p. 238—2 ; leaves
roundish.— Wight! cat. n. 691.—C. Wightiana, Wall.! L. n. 5358. b.—6;
leaves oblong, slightly pointed.— Wight! cat. n. 689.—y ; leaves oblong, ob-
tuse, small.— Wight! cat. n. 690.—C. ovalifolia, Wall.! L. n. 5411. Neel-
gherries, Dindygul. =

variety y formed thick tufts on the summit of a hill near Dindygul, at
an elevation of about 4000 feet.

552. (2) C. scabrella (W. & A.:) procumbent, elongated, rigid, covered
all over with a dense harsh pubescence: branches elongated, simple, straight :
stipules triangular at the apex, with an acuminated rigid recurved point :
leaves oval, mucronate, slightly coriaceous, somewhat tomentose and glau-
cous on the under side: racemes lateral: legumes shortly stalked, 4-5 times
longer than the calyx, glabrous.—Wight! cat. n. 692.

553. (3) C. Wightiana (Graham :) tall, erect, branched, clothed with close-
pressed shortish rusty-coloured shining hairs: stipules triangular-ovate at
the apex, mucronate : leaves elliptic-obovate, obtuse, mucronate: racemes
lateral : legumes shortly stalked, 2-3 times the length of the calyx, glabrous.
—Wall.!.L. n. 5358. a; Wight! cat. n. 693.—Dindygul hills, at an eleva-
tion of 3500 feet.

This and the other Indian species of the section are all mountainous
plants.

82. Stipules not decurrent: leaves simple : flowers racemose: calyx large, about
equal to the corolla, densely shaggy as well as the bracteas with long dark co-
loured hairs, cleft nearly'to the base; segments with their margins flat: vexil-
lum glabrous, or with a line of hairs: legumes oblong, glabrous, many-seeded.
—Calycine.

554. (4) C. anthylloides (Lam.:) annual, erect, all clothed except the up-
Per side of the leaves with close-pressed brownish hairs: stipules minute, se-
faceous : leaves from oblong to oblong-linear or somewhat lanceolate, usual- -
l glabrous, but sometimes with a few scattered hairs on the upper side:

Owers axillary and solitary, and in terminal racemes: calyx permanent,
deeply 5-cleft; very hairy, longer than the corolla: segments straight: le-
Sume glabrous, sessile, broader upwards, shorter than the calyx.—Lam. ene.
meth. 2. p. 195. (deser. good); Herb. Smith! ; Don. prod. ft. Nep. p. 241 H
DC. prod. 2. p. 129; Spr. syst. 3. p. 239; Wight! cat. n. 083,—C. stricta,
Roxb. ! A. Ind. 3. p. 265 ; in E. I. C. mus. t. 369.—C. Roxburghiana, DC. l.
65 Spr. I. c; Wall.! L. n: 5364.—C. crenata, Wall.! L. n. 5408.—C. linearis,

Wall.! L. n. 5870.—C. calycina, Schrank ; DC. I. c. (excl. syn.).—C. Napa-
lensis, Link? ; DC.? Lc.5; Spr.? l.c. p. 238. W
: species has a most wide range in India: it extends from Ceylon to
Java, Canton-China, and Nepal: the breadth of the leaves is variable, in some
Specimens bein narrow-linear, in others almost oval; the upper surface is
usually quite abak, but occasionally sprinkled with hairs.

| 4,956. (5) C. barbata (Graham:) herbaceous, erect, densely clothed with
dark brown hairs: stipules minute, inconspicuous : leaves oblong-lanceolate,

$ bluntish ; racemes terminal, elongated wens few, distant : calyx a little
shorter than the corolla, deeply 5-cleft, very hairy; segments slightly faleate: _

182 LEGUMINOS X. CROTALARIA. -

legume glabrous, stalked, 2-3 times the length of the calyx, obovoid: apex
of the style and stigma woolly.—Wall.! L. n. 5394 ; Wight! cat. n. 684,—
Neelgherries.

556. (6) C. mysorensis (Roth:) suffrutescent, erect, branched, all over
hairy : stipules foliaceous, linear-lanceolate, often almost half the length of
the leaves: leaves from narrow-linear to narrow-oblong, obtuse: racemes
terminal, and sometimes lateral, elongated, drooping before flowering, after-
wards erect: flowers distant: bracteas and bracteoles linear-lanceolate, about
as long as the calyx, the bracteoles less hairy, glaucous: calyx very hairy,
about equal to the corolla, deeply 5-cleft: segments faleate: legume twice as
long as the calyx, glabrous, almost quite sessile, broader upwards : seeds nu-
merous.— Roth. nov. sp. p. 3833; DC. prod. 2. p. 126 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 291;
Wall.! L. n. 5361; Wight! cat. n. 674, 675, 676, 677.—C. stipulacea, Roab.
Jf. Ind. 3. p. 264.—C. hirsuta, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1595.——Mysore.
Courtallum.

557. (7) C. salicifolia (Heyne!:) herbaceous, erect, branched, thickly
clothed with rusty-coloured hairs: stipules wanting, lower leaves oblong-
lanceolate, tapering to a point; upper ones narrow-linear, acuminated : ra-
cemes terminal, very long, with a few distant flowers : calyx as long as the
corolla, deeply 5-cleft, between hairy and tomentose, with an ovate acute
bracteole on each side at the base ; segments falcate : vexillum and bracteoles
glabrous, with a line of hairs along the middle: legumes large, glabrous.—
Wall.! L. n. 5359. a.

, 958. (8) C. hirta (Willd. :) suffrutescent, diffuse, branched, hairy : stipules
Sometimes at the forks of the branches, subulate, elsewhere wanting: leaves
linear-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, sometimes cuneate at the base: racemes
» few-flowered: bracteas twice as long as the pedicels, lanceolate:

calyx nearly the length of the corolla, very hairy, 5-cleft to below the mid-
dle: legume oval, sessile, glabrous, shining, about twice the length of the
yx, 15-20 seeded.— Willd. enum. p. 747 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 130; Wight! cat.

n. 6/8.—C. Chinensis, Roxb. (not Linn.) fl. Ind. 3. p. 268; Wall.! L. n. 6885.
—C. pilosa, ET E. I. C. mus. t. 370 3 Rottl.! nov. act. nat. cur. 1808.

linear-oblong, obtuse, mucronate, somewhat cuneate at the base, covered on
both E with a few silvery hairs: racemes long, many-flowered : calyx
hairy, cleft to below the middle ; legume sessile, linear-oblong, obtuse, 6-10-

This appears to be merely a more glabrous form of C. hirta, probably from
growing 1n a more northern and mountainous part of the country.

83. Stems erect: stipules minute or wanting, not decurrent: leaves simple, hairy -
or silky on both sides : racemes lax or capitate. forming a large panicle : brat-
teas and calyx-segments flat or concave, not viscous: calyx about equal to or
neis than the corolla, clothed with silky hairs, deeply cleft : vexillumsilky-

Ulva,

560. (10) C. speciosa (Heyne:) erect, branched, every part shaggy with
close-pressed shining ras y dela hairs : stipules atie or saree and
subulate: leaves narrow, oblong, obtuse, mucronate: flowers densely capitate;
heads terminal, panicled : bracteas broadly lanceolate, the length of the flow-
ers, with the calyx and vexillum and keel covered with rusty-coloured hairs: —
bu Poy. ue ovary glabrous. Heyne ! in Roth, nov. sp. pono

p. 129; Spr. syst. 3. p. 236; Wight! cat. '9.—C. ce ey
Herb. Madr. ! ; Wall! L. n. Jri— Mes s oe quite ca

CroTanaria. LEGUMINOS&. 183

561. (11) C. fulva (Roxb.:) shrubby, erect, branched, densely clothed
particularly.on the young plants with soft white or fulvous hairs: stipules
none : leaves oblong-lanceolate, mucronate, silky on both sides when young:
racemes terminal and from the upper axils: bracteas elliptic-ovate, slightly
pointed, at length recurved, about the length of the pedicel : bracteoles similar
to the bracteas, about half the length of the calyx: calyx deeply 5-cleft,
densely silky ; segments flat, oblong, blunt: vexillum silky ; keel glabrous:
legume sessile, oval, villous, enclosed in the enlarged calyx, 2-seeded.—
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 266; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1596; Wall.! L.n. 5315;
Wight! cat. n. 936.—— Mysore. Neelgherries. Colemala. idi

562. (12) C. longipes (W. & A.:) shrubby, erect, branched.; branches, ra-
cemes, and midrib beneath shortly white-villous: stipules none: leaves ob-
long-oval, obtuse or with a short point ; both sides clothed with silky pubes-
cence, upper shining and almost silvery : racemes terminal and from the upper
axils : bracteas ovate acuminated, concave, deciduous: bracteoles similar to
the bracteas, a little below the calyx, deciduous: calyx deeply bilabiate ;
upper lip bipartite, lower 3-fid, shortly silky ; segments lanceolate, acumina- -
ted: vexillum silky ; keel glabrous, but villous along the lower margins where
the petals are free from each other, and along the claws: legume on a stalk
almost as long as the calyx-segments, cylindric-oblong, glabrous, 8-10-seeded.
Wight ! cat. n. 990, Colemala. i

§ 4. Stems erect : stipules not decurrent: leaves simple : racemes axillary or ter~
minal, panicled: bracteas permanent; their upper surface and the recurved
margins of the segments of the calyx viscous and shining: calyx shorter than
the corolla, more or less densely pubescent ; vexillum silky: legumes oblong.—

Bracteate.

563. (13) C. paniculata (Willd. :) shrubby, much branched, all over villous :
Stipules (bracteas of abortive racemes ?) fascicled, axillary, and bracteas subu-
late faleate viscid and shining on the upper surface: leaves simple, narrow
oblong, obtuse, mucronate : racemes panicled : calyx deeply 5-cleft, segments

near-lanceolate, margins recurved and viscous: vexillum silky on the out-
side: legumes oblong, sessile, pubescent, about the length of the calyx, 1- or
Sometimes 2-seeded.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 982 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 126; Spr. syst. 3.
P. 236; Roxb. fl. Ind. 9. p. 274; Wall.! L. n. 5379; Wight! cat. n. 664.—
C. chinensis, Lam. encycl. meth. 2. p. 195 (not Linn.)——Hills near Vel-
lore. Pathacottah.

, 564. (14) C. ramosissima (Roxb.:) suffrutescent, much branched, spread-
ing, all over villous: stipules linear or wanting: leaves simple, approximate,
Cuneate-linear, obtuse: racemes terminal, slightly elongated, few-flowered
towards the apex, forming a kind of leafy terminal panicle : bracteas alternate,
ovate, pointed, recurved, shining and viscous on the upper surface, smaller -
or about equal to the similar bracteoles ; the lower ones without flowers:
calyx deeply 5-cleft ; segments with revolute viscous margins, unequal, the
Upper two much larger than the lower three: vexillum silky : legumes oval,
» Sessile, about the length of the calyx, 1-seeded.—Rozb. hort. eng.
P. 54; fl. Ind. 3. p. 268 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab: 1598.—C. tomentosa, Rottl.! ;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 236; Wall.! L.n. 5380.—C. pellita, Bert. ; DC. prod. 2. p. 128;
- syst. 3. p. 236.

565. (15) C. lunulata (Heyne: suffrutescent, erect, much branched,
clothed all i with manm Soft pars patent on the branches and adpressed
= the leaves : stipules and bracteas permanent, deeply cordate-ovate, am-
Plexicaul, reflexed, shining and viscid on the upper side: leaves from oblong-
eval obtuse to oval-lanceolate: racemes with the lower flowers abortive,
bracteas alternate, more pointed than the stipules:

Orming a large panicle : à
bracteoles tinier tó the bracteas, on the middle of the pedicel : calyx deeply

184 LEGUMINOSE. | Gaun

5-cleft, shorter than the corolla ; margins of the segments scarcely recurved :
vexillum silky : legume roundish-oblong, about the length of the calyx, sessile,
silky, 1-seeded.— Heyne in Wall. ! L. n. 5378; Wight! cat. n. 663.——Tan-
ore.

: Dr Wight's specimens have almost all the leaves obtuse; the only one of

Heyne’s that we have seen has them approaching to lanceolate, and acute ;

but we do not think it necessary to separate them as distinct varieties.

566. (16) C. subperfoliata (Wight :) suffruticose, erect, branched, covered
all over with slightly shining silky hairs: stipules wanting: leaves elliptic-
obovate, mucronate: racemes few-flowered (the lower flowers abortive),

i and terminal, forming a kind of large leafy panicle: bracteas opposite,
cordate-ovate, obtuse, shining and viscid on the upper surface: pedicels op-
posite !, with the two bracteoles at the base of the calyx: calyx deeply 5-cleft ;
the margins of the segments recurved: vexillum silky: ovary silky: style
bearded towards the apex: legume clavate-oblong, long-stalked, pubescent,
much longer than the calyx.— Wight ! in Wall.! L. n. 5377 ; cat. n. 662.—
Dindygul hills, at the height of 2000 feet.

567. (17) C. candicans (W. & A.:) suffruticose, erect, branched, covered
all over (except the flowers) with white soft hairs, shaggy on the branches,
close pressed and silky on the leaves: stipules inconspicuous or wanting:
leaves simple, broad, oval, strongly nerved beneath: racemes terminal on
shortish panicled axillary few-leaved branches: bracteas alternate, reniform,
reflexed, viscous on the upper side: bracteoles close to the calyx, similar to
the bracteas: calyx, vexillum, and ovary, covered with fulvous hairs : margins
of the calyx-segments revolute, viscous.— Wight! cat. n. 661.———N eelgherries.

568. (18) C. madurensis (Wight :) suffruticose, erect, branched, covered
all over with fulvous soft hairs: stipules inconspicuous or wanting: leaves
simple, ovate obtuse, UR nerved beneath: racemes numerous, te

e

on shortish M ei axillary few-leaved branches: bracteas alternate, ovate,
pointed, reflexed at the apex, viscous on theirupper surface: bracteoles close

to the calyx, similar to the bracteas: calyx, vexillum, and ovary silky with
fulvous hairs ; calyx-segments deep, their margins revolute, viscous : legumes
oblong, almost sessile, covered with a rusty pubescence, many-see ed.—
Wight! in Wall. ! L. n. 5316 ; cat. n. 680. Madura hills. Neelgherries.

569 (19) C. pulcherrima (Roxb.:) shrubby, erect, branched, covered all
over with fulvous shining soft hairs: stipules none: leaves cuneate-obovate,
obtuse : racemes elongated, terminal, on panicled axillary 1-2-leaved branch-
es ; lower flowers abortive : bracteas alternate, cordate, acuminated, reflexed,
upper surface viscous: bracteoles on the middle of the pedicels, similar to
the bracteas: calyx deeply 5-cleft, shorter than the corolla, and the vexillum
silky with fulvous hairs; segments oblong-lanceolate, the margins scarcely |

recurved : legumes sessile, oblong, glabrous, hid in the permanent cal OWE:

seeded.—Roab. fl. Ind. 3. p. 267 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1597 ; Sims bot. mag.
t. 2027 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 125 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 236 ; Wall. ! L. n.5374 ; Wight!
cat. n. 681.—C. pulehra, Andr. bot. rep. t. 601; DC.? prod. 2. p. 126; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 238. Mysore.
Dr Roxburgh sent seeds to Britain under the name C. pulcherrima : An-
drews afterwards figured the plant raised from them in his Botanical Repost-

. tory under that of C. pulchra, adding, ** we have abridged it to pulchra, as We | -

can hardly presume to say which species is most beautiful before we have
whole genus." It was then published in the Hortus Kewensis as C. pu i
of Andrews, without Roxburgh’s synonym; and from that work authors have |
introduced it into their systems as a distinet species. With regard to pe |
Candolle's synonym we have some doubts, he attributing to his plant setate- —
ous ipu and ovate bracteoles ; but he states his specimen to come from T
the Caleutta garden, and there does not appear to be any with a similar name =
cultivated there except the present species. fo
2

CROTALARIA. LEGUMINOS X. 185

§ 5 Stems erect : stipules minute, not decurrent : leaves simple, more or less hairy

: on both sides, particularly when young: racemes terminal, elongated, simple,

many-flowered: bracteas and bracteoles small, narrow, not viscous on their

upper side: calyx scarcely so long as the corolla, clothed with a dense rusty-

coloured tomentum, cleft almost to the base; segments linear acuminated,

falcate, flat-margined : legume oblong, densely clothed with a rusty-coloured
tomentum.—Lriocarpe.

570. (20) C. juncea (Linn.:) erect, branched, more or less clothed with
shining silky pubescence or hairs: branches terete, striated: stipules and
bracteas setaceous, minute: leaves from narrow linear to ovate-lanceolate,
obtuse with a mucro or acute: racemes elongated, terminating every branch:
flowers distant: bracteoles at the base of the calyx, setaceous: calyx deeply
5-cleft, densely covered with rusty tomentum ; segments linear-acuminated,
the three lower usually cohering at the apex: legumes sessile, oblong, broader
upwards, about twice the length of the calyx, tomentose, many-seeded.—
Linn. ! sp. p. 1004 ; Sims bot. mag. t. 490; DC. prod. 2. p. 125 ; Spr. syst. 3.
p. 238; Roxb. ! Cor. 2. t. 193 ; fl. Ind. 3. p. 259; Wall.! L. n. 5409 ; Wight!
cat. n. 665, 666.—C. Benghalensis, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 196; DC. l e. ; Spr.
Lc. ; Wall.! L. n. 5395.—C. tenuifolia, Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 8. p. 263; DC. L c.

P. 126 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 275 ; Wall.! L. n. 5368.—C. fenestrata, Sim’s bot. ——

mag. t. 1933 ; DC. l c. ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 238,—C. porrecta, Wall. ! L. n. 5363.
—C. viminea, Wall! L. n. 5897. b.—C. sericea, Willd. sp. 3. p. 915.—Pluk. t.
169. f. 5 ; and t. 385. f. 62. aut ge

After a careful examination of specimens of the above in different her-
baria, we have been unable to discover any permanent characters between
them: by cultivation the plants are much more glabrous than the wild ones,
and the leaves broader. C. sericea of Willdenow is obviously this species,
but that part of his description which refers to cordate stipules belongs to
what we consider the true C. sericea: the two characters have been so com-
bined by De Candolle and Sprengel as to form a definition applicable to no
existing species,

“571. (21) C. tetragona (Roxb. :) shrubby, erect, young parts villous: young
branches acutely 4-angled: stipules and bracteas minute, setaceous: leaves
near-lanceolate, acuminated, slightly villous particularly when young: ra-
cemes elongated, terminating every branch : flowers distant, resupmate- when
expanded: pedicels horizontal at their base, then bent upwards: bracteoles
: Setaceous, at the base of the calyx: calyx deeply 5-cleft, densely covered
.. With rusty tomentum ; segments osten falcate, the three lower
9nes often united at the apex: legumes sessile, oblong, broader upwards, S
thrice the length of the calyx, densely tomentose, many-seeded.— Rozb. ! fi.
Ind. 3. p. 263; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1593 ; Andr. bot. rep. t. 593 ; DC. prod.
2 P. 128 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 238 ; Wall. ! L. n. 5307. a, b, c ; Wight! cat. n. 667.
—Missionaries Garden. uu
has a different habit from the last, arising principally from the longer
leaves and resupinate flowers: but we sometimes entertain doubts if they are
permanently distinct. ee

572. (22) C. obtecta (Graham !:) suffruticose, erect, covered all over with
a short Sh duc, ( vend terete: stipules and bracteas setaceous,
minute: leaves oval, mucronate: racemes terminal, elon, a zia osi
merous, approximated: bracteoles on the middle of the pedicels, sep
calyx deeply 5-cleft, densely covered with rusty tomentum ; segments ci
tinct, linear-acuminated, faleate: legumes sessile, oblong, rather broader n
wards, about four times as long as the calyx, densely tomentose, ^w d ie
ed.—Wall.! L. n. 5372 ; Wight! cat. n. 685.—C. tetragona, Wall.! L. n.

3 Ue

186 LEGUMINOSJE. CnoTALARIA.

S 6. Stems tall, erect, branched : stipules not decurrent : leaves simple, usually gla-
brous on the upper side : racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, many-flowered :
bracteas not viscous: calyx cleft to about the middle, rarely slightly villous
usually pubescent or almost glabrous, shorter than the corolla; segments flat-
margined: legumes oblong, many-seeded, glabrous or softly pubescent.—Erecie.

+ Legumes glabr Retusz.

573. (23) C. formosa (Graham! :) erect, branched, all over villous except
the upper side of the leaves: stems terete: stipules minute, setaceous, re-
flexed: leaves cuneate, obovate, obtuse, glabrous on the upper side, villous
beneath : bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, lower ones without flowers:
flowers in a dense raceme at the extremities of the bracteated elongated
branches: bracteoles setaceous, on the middle of the pedicels: calyx villous:
legume oblong, broader upwards, glabrous, about 4 times the length of the
calyx, many-seeded.—Wall.! L. n. 5393: Wight! cat. n. 682. Neelgher-
ries

.

574. (24) C. Leschenaultii (DC. :) erect, branched, glabrous except on the
under side of the leaves: stems terete: stipules minute, triangular-acumi-
nated, reflexed : leaves cuneate, narrow-obovate, obtuse ; upper side glabrous,
minutely dotted ; under villous: racemes terminal, elongated: bracteas broad-
lanceolate, acuminated, about as long as the pedicel: bracteoles minute be-
low the middle of the pedicel: flowers numerous, distant, much larger than
the quite glabrous calyx: ovary glabrous.—DC. prod. 2. p. 125; Wight! cat.
n. 937.—C. lupiniflora, Graham in Wall.! L. n. 5407.——-—N celgherries.

575. (25) C. sericea (Retz :) erect, branched, glabrous except on the un-
der side of the leaves: stems obtusely angled: stipules large, semisagittate,
pointed, reflexed: leaves lanceolate, cuneate at the base, mucronate, pellu-
cid-dotted ; upper side glabrous ; under prominently nerved, slightly glaucous
with a short adpressed silky pubescence: racemes terminal, elongated, ma-
ny-flowered: bracteas cordate, acuminated, sessile, reflexed, the lower ones
without flowers : bracteoles subulate, below the middle of the pedicel: calyx
smaller than the corolla, glabrous: legume oblong, glabrous, shortly stalked,
many-seeded.— Retz e obs. 8. p. 26; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 273; Wall.! L.
n Lo Wes hoses cvy d — sp. e- 841 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 125; Spr. if

.p. .— C. juncea, - * 8p. 9. p. 974 (not Linn.) ; .2 enc, meth.
p.15 Rhest Mal 9.4268 i OOt Lid 3 am

We have not at present access to Retz's work, but Roxburgh entertains no
doubt about his synonym : we have already cue to the genis se of Will-
denow, as well as of De Candolle and Sprengel. The descriptions of C. jun-
cea given by Willdenow and Lamarck accord so well with Rheede's figure;
that ‘we suspect they were prepared from it more than from specimens: and
Rheede's representation, on the other hand, expresses accurately the gener? —
habit of our plant, with the exception of the omission of the bracteas and $

ules. We have never seen the leaves tomentose beneath, as described by

h. Specimens before us, precisely similar to the Indian ones, were 8%-
thered by the late Bertero in a garden (* ex horto Eastensi”) in Jamaica,
and named C. retusa by the late Professor Balbis, from whom we received

.. 916. (26) C. peduncularis (Graham :) erect, tall, slightly branched, gla

brous all over: stems striated : E boh p Tn M :

minated : racemes terminal, elongated, lax, many-flowered : bracteas cordate- —

acuminated: flowers on long pedicels: calyx glabrous : legume Cy y.

vn attenuated at the base, glabrous, many-seeded.—Graham ! in Wall.
+ Ne

- We know of only one specimen of this plant and that very imperfect; a

with any other that we know. D. ee :

however a very remarkable and distinct species, not liable to be confounde® —

CRoTALARIA. LEGUMINOS2. 187

577. (27) C. retusa (Linn.! :) erect, branched, nearly glabrous except on
the under side of the leaves: branches striated : stipules and bracteas subu-
late, minute or often wanting: leaves cuneate-oblong, retuse or rounded,
minutely pellucid-dotted ; upper side glabrous, under glaucous with a short
adpressed silky pubescence: racemes terminal, elongated, many-flowered :
bracteoles minute, subulate, above the middle: calyx smaller than the corol-
la, glabrous ; legume oblong, broader upwards, sessile, glabrous, many-seed-
ed.—DC. prod. 2. p. 125; Spr. syst. 3. p. 237 ; Rowb.! fl. Ind. 3. p. 272; in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 1594 3 Wall! L.n.5405; Wight! cat. n. 669.—Lupinus
cochinchensis, Lour. coch. 2. p. 521 ; DC. prod. 2. p. A10 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 228.
—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 25 ; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 96. f. 1. (bad).

+ + Legumes softly pubescent: leaves distinctly petioled : stipules lunate, transverse,
recurved.—V errucoss.

578. (28) C. verrucosa (Linn.!:) herbaceous, erect, much branched, young

parts minutely pubescent: leaves and. racemes acutely 3-4-angled: stipules
ate, transverse, recurved: leaves ovate, suddenly and shortly acuminated
at the base, at length nearly quite glabrous on both sides: racemes terminal
and leaf-opposed, many-flowered: bracteas small, subulate, reflexed : pedi-
cels rather shorter than the calyx: bracteoles very minute, setaceous, about
the middle of the pedicel : calyx smaller than the corolla, slightly pubescent :
legume cylindric-oblong, sessile, softly pubescent, many-seeded.— DC. prod.
2. p. 1255 Spr. syst. 3. p. 237: Roxb.! fl. Ind. 8. p. 273; Wall.! L. n. 5392:
Wight! cat. n. 688,—C. angulosa, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 197 ; Cav. ic. 4. t. 321;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 274.—C. coerulea, Jacq. ic. rar. t. 144; coll. 1. p. 67.—
- Mal. 9. t. 29; Burm. Zeyl. t. 34.

We have not seen specimens agreeing with the var. 6 of Persoon and De
Candolle, characterised by having acuminated leaves, and do not know whe-
ther or not it be a distinct species : probably C. angulosa of Roxburgh may
belong to it, but although enumerated in the hort. Benghalensis, it is not no-
ticed in Wallich’s List 3 we scarcely understand whether it is the base, or the

ves themselves, that is said to be much attenuated in the fl. Indica.

579. (29) C. Wallichiana (W. & A.:) herbaceous, erect, much branched,
young branches irregularly and rather bluntly angled, with the racemes and
under side of the leaves densely pubescent : stipules lunate, transverse, re-
curved: leaves oval, glabrous above, marked beneath with rather prominent
nerves : racemes terminal and leaf-opposed, many-flowered: bracteas subu-
late, reflexed, small : pedicels elongated, longer than the calyx: bracteoles
very minute, setaceous, about the middle of the pedicel: calyx smaller than
the corolla, densely pubescent ; legume clavate-oblong, stalked, softly pubes-

cent, many-seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 696.— Neelgherries.

` 580. (30) C. semperflorens ( Vent. :) somewhat shrubby, erect, branched,
branches terete or irregularly and = bluntly angled, with the racemes
and under side of the leaves densely pubescent: stipules lunate, transverse,
ed: leaves oval; upper side when young pubescent, afterwards gla~
brous; under with the nerves prominent and villous: racemes terminal and
leaf-opposed, many-flowered: bracteas subulate, small, reflexed: pedicels
elongated, longer than the calyx ; bracteoles minute, setaceous, near the base
of the calyx ; calyx smaller than the corolla, densely pubescent : legume ob-
long, broader upwards, sessile, softly pubescent, many-seeded.—Ventn. hor “
Cels. t. 17; DC, prod. 2. p. 125: Spr. syst. 3. p. 236; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 274 ;
Wall.! L.n. 5391; Wight! cat. n. 694, 695.—Neelgherries.
581. (31) C. Heyneana (Graham :) suffruticose ?, erect, branched, glabrous,
Very slightly pubescent on the young parts: branches terete ; stipules lunate,
Verse, recurved: leaves oval, pointed at both ends ; upper side glabrous,
under with a short adpressed pubescence: racemes terminal, many-flowered :

188 LEGUMINOS 2. CRoTALARIA.

bracteas minute, subulate, reflexed: pedicels about the length of the calyx:
bracteoles about the middle of the pedicel: calyx with a short adpressed pu-
| bescence, shorter than the corolla; the upper lip more deeply cleft than the
n SEM lower: legume about 4-5 times longer than the calyx, pubescent.— Wall.! L.
nes. 477 n. 5414; Wight! cat. n. 1015—C. albida, herb. Heyne, (not Roth. 2)——My-
sore. Travancore. “ra lbs, alas terina apsce Ctra le E

The ultimate branchlets appear to become reflexed in a very remarkable
manner; but from our having seen very few specimens, and all of them im-
perfect, we do not know whether this be a peculiarity of growth, or arising
from accident.. The specimen of C. albida in Heyne's herbarium is certainly
this species; but the description given by Roth of what he received under
that name from Heyne is much at variance.

8 7. Low plants, branched from the base; branches prostrate or diffuse : stipules
not decurrent, often minute or wanting: leaves simple: flowers racemose:
bracteas not viscous: calyx slightly pubescent; segments flat-margined : le-
gumes oblong, several-seeded, glabrous or hirsute.—Diffuse.

+ Legumes hirsute.

582. (32) C. hirsuta (Willd. :) perennial, herbaceous, procumbent, flaccid,
hairy : stems terete: stipules lanceolate-subulate, reflexed : leaves from broad-
oval to oblong, often acute, nearly glabrous above, hairy beneath: racemes
leaf-opposed and terminal, few-flowered : bracteas cordate-acuminated, re-
flexed, small: bracteoles very minute, about the middle of the pedicel: ca-
UAM hairy, cleft almost to the base; segments linear-acuminated, shorter than

e corolla: vexillum glabrous, purple-spotted: legumes sessile, oblong;
broader upwards, thinly hairy, about twice the length of the calyx, 8-10- —
seeded.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 978 ; DC. prod.2. p. 126 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 231; Roxb.
fl. Ind. 3. p. 270; Wall.! L. n. 5413. a; Wight! cat. n. 102.—C. clavata,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 366.— Samuleottah.

583. (33) ©. bifaria (Linn.:) procumbent, herbaceous, clothed with
somewhat rigid pubescence: branches slender, elongated, terete: stipules —
small, ovate, acuminated, reflexed: leaves from orbicular to oblong or nat — —
row linear, pubescent or at length nearly glabrous: racemes terminal an
leaf-opposed, 1-2-flowered: bracteas cordate-acuminated : bracteoles ex-
tremely minute, below the middle of the pedicel: calyx harshly pubescent,
deeply 5-cleft, shorter than the corolla; segments linear-lanceolate, acum- |
nated, coloured along the margins, pale in the middle: legumes obovoid, =

hispidly pubescent or almost ad , mottled with purple.— Linn. ! PE i

, p. 322; DC. prod. 2. p. 127 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 236; Wall.! L. n. 5399 (partly); bee
Wight! cat. n. 687.—C. dichotoma, Roth, nov. sp. p. 340; DC. l €; Spr. te

c. p. 237.——Tanjore. Bur

The specimens from Heyne's herbarium correspond so well with Roth's cha-

racter of C. dichotoma, that we have no hesitation in considering it the same
they are firmer and more rigid in their whole habit than those in Linnsus l
harbarium and our own, a circumstance which seems to have led Roth to
have supposed them erect, although really procumbent. When the rape
are 1-flowered, the bracteas are in pairs at the base of the pedicel; where

flowered, solitary. B

584. (34) C. evolvuloides (Wight:) perennial, diffuse, all over hispidly |
pubescent or somewhat hairy: branches terete, slender: stipules lanceo™ "d
reflexed : leaves from oval to lanceolate, nearly glabrous on the upper tad *
. face: racemes leaf-opposed, 3-8-flowered: bracteas cordate, acw NOE
reflexed: bracteoles very minute, about the middle of the pedicels:, E
hairy, deeply 5-cleft, nearly equal to the corolla: legumes about Dus d
length of the calyx, sessile, oblong, hairy, about 3-seeded.—Wight! in P7
L. n. 5410; cat. n. 686,—C. rubiginosa, Roxb. (not Willd.) fl. Ind. 9. p- ="

CROTALARIA. LEGUMINOS X. 189

—C. pusilla, Roxb. (not Heyne) in E. I. C. mus. tab. 371.—C. triflora, Heyne!
in Wall.! L. n. 5387.—C. hirsuta, Wall! L. n. 5413.b.—C. bifaria, Wall.! L.
n. 5399 (partly ).——Dindygul hills.

585. (35) C. pusilla (Heyne:) annual, small, branched from the base,
clothed. all over with short hairs: root slender: branches slender, terete,
lower ones diffuse: stipules wanting: leaves simple, linear, obtuse, mucro-
nate: racemes terminating the branches, somewhat unilateral: bracteas mi-
nute, setaceous, caducous: calyx deeply 5-cleft, about as long as the corolla ;
segments subulate : legume (small), sessile, 2-8 times the length of the calyx,
oval, hirsute, 3-4-seeded.— Heyne. (not Roxb.) in Roth, nov. sp. p. 335;
DC. prod. 2. p. 128; Spr. syst. 3. p. 289; Wall.! L. n. 5396: Wight! cat.
n. 699.—Dindygul hills.

+ + Legumes glabrous ; stipules inconspicuous.
586. (36) C. prostrata (Roxb. :) suffruticose, small, branched from the
e: branches hairy, slender, terete, prostrate: stipules wanting: leaves
simple, elliptic-oblong, slightly oblique at the base, sprinkled with long silk
hairs most abundant and close pressed on the under side: racemes leat-
opposed or terminal on almost leafless branches, few-flowered: bracteas mi-
nute, subulate : flowers small: calyx hairy, rather shorter than the corolla ;
upper lip bifid ; lower deeply 3-cleft: legume sessile, glabrous, oblong,
broader upwards, 4-6 times longer than the calyx, several-seeded.—Rozb.!
hort. Bengh. p. 54 ; Jl. Ind. 3. p. 270; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 368; Rottl. in
Willd. enum. p. 747 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 130; Spr. syst. 3. p. 238; Wall.! L.n.
5419.— C. obliqua, Ham.! in Wall.! L. n. 5388. a. Near Samulcottah,
Tare ; Roxburgh. i
hen a specimen of the first year's growth is gathered, the root is slender,
and appears as if annual ; such forms the state called C. obliqua by Hamilton.
Wall. L. n. 5388. b, c, and C. ferruginea, Gr. ! in Wall. L. n. 5398, as wellas C.
canescens, Wall. ! L. n. 5415, appear to be the same with C. erassifolia, Ham.!
in Wall. L. n. 5416.

587. (37) C. albida (Heyne?:) suffruticose, branched from the base, co-
vered all over with short adpressed silvery hairs: branches procumbent, dif-
fuse, slender, terete, simple below, branched above : stipules wanting: leaves
cuneate-oblong, obtuse or often emarginate, mucronate, pellucid-dotted ;
upper side nearly glabrous: racemes terminal, elongated, many-flowered:
bracteas subulate, minute, patent: bracteoles attached to the tube of the
calyx, subulate: flowers drooping: calyx 5-cleft to below the middle, co-

-vered with short adpressed hairs ; the two upper segments lanceolate, longer
than the corolla; the three lower linear-lanceolate : legume oblong, broader
upwards, sessile, glabrous, about twice the length of the calyx, 3-4-seeded.— -
Heyne? in Roth? nov. sp. p.933; DC.? prod. 2. p. 126 ; Spr.? syst. 3. p.

3 Wight! cat. n. 671, 673.—C. punctata, Graham ! in Wall.! L.n. =
Ua parva, Graham! in Pak! D n. 5402. a, "jeep mes Willd. ?
Anot Linn.) sp. 3. p. 975 ; Roxb.? fl. Ind. 3. p. 266.—Neelgherries. ——

Our T doubt Sbout Roth's sinis arises from his describing his plant-
erect, which he might have presumed from imperfect specimens. The C. lini-
Jolia of Willdenow and Roxburgh appears to be the same, although they, m
accordance with Linnæus, ascribe to it a short legume. C. scoparia, Wall. !
‘L. n. 5418, differs very slightly by the leaves being oblong-linear; but we
can point out searcely any other character.

588. (38) C. viminea Graham:) suffruticose, diffuse, branched from the
base ; branches terete, Gon simple or slightly branched towards the extre-
mity, strigose as well as the racemes and under side of the leaves with ad-
Re pubescence : stipules wanting: leaves pellucid-dotted, lower ones

m obcordate to euneate-oblong and emarginate ; upper surface glabrous:

190 LEGUMINOS KE, CROTALARIA.

racemes terminal, elongated: flowers numerous, distant: bracteas minute,
subulate, reflexed : bracteoles minute, attached to the tube of the calyx be-
tween the lips: pedicels short: calyx about equal to the corolla, nearly
glabrous, coloured ; upper lip broad, shortly bifid ; lower deeply 3-cleft, the
segments often cohering at the apex: legume oblique, oblong, sessile, a little
longer than the calyx, glabrous, 8-12-seeded.—Graham ! in Wall.! Lun.
5397 ; Wight! cat. n. 668. Madura.
We have some doubts if this be really distinct from the following.

589. (39) C. linifolia (Linn.:) cespitose, suffruticose, diffuse, branched
from the base, more or less strigose ; branches terete, nearly simple below,
branched upwards: stipules wanting: leaves from cuneate to linear-oblong,
obtuse, slightly mucronate, nearly glabrous above, strigose with adpressed
short hairs beneath: racemes terminal, elongated, many-flowered : bracteas
subulate, small: pedicels short: bracteoles attached to the tube of the calyx
between the lips: calyx densely covered with short adpressed hairs; upper
lip broad, very shortly bifid: lower deeply 8-cleft: legume oblique, roundish
ovoid, sessile, glabrous, scarcely so long as the calyx, 8-12-seeded.—Linn.!
f. suppl. p. 322 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 128 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 239; Wall.! Ta: n. 54005
Wight! cat. n. 670, 103.—C. cwespitosa, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 269.—C. diffusa,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab, 367.—C. tecta, Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 3345
DC. prod. 2. p. 126 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 237.—C. montana, Heyne (not Roab.) in
Roth, nov. sp. p. 385; DC. Ll. e.; Spr. 1. c.—C. sobolifera, Graham! in
Wall.! L. n. 5420. j ;

This appears to vary considerably as to pubescence ; Roxburgh's C. c@spt-
tosa or diffusa being described and figured almost glabrous, while Dr Wigh:$
n. 703 is whitish, from the numerous short silvery hairs covering every part
except the upper side of the leaves. This species and the last are read ly
distinguished from the others by the shortly bifid upper calycine lip ; out
from each other the only differences are to be sought for in the shape of the
leaves and legume, and pubescence of the calyx.

§ 8. Low hairy plants, branched from the base; branches prostrate : stipules want-
ing: leaves simple, bifarious: peduncles elongated, about 2-flowered : legumes
globose, hairy, several-seeded.—Spherocarpe.

590. (40) C. biflora (Linn. :) prostrate, diffuse, hairy: stipules wanting:
leaves simple, bifarious, broadly ovate, slightly oblique and cordate at
base, obtuse, mucronate: peduncles leaf-opposed, 3-4 times longer than the
leaves, about 2-flowered: bracteas and bracteoles setaceous: calyx dee ly
5-cleft, hairy ; segments linear-acuminated, about equal to the corolla:
gume sessile, globose, hairy, somewhat membranous 3 seeds numerous (12- 20
crowded.—Linn.! mant. p. 570 (excl. syn. Burm. and deseript.) ; DC.? prod-
2. p. 127 ; Roxb, in E; I. C. mus. tab. 362 ; Wight! cat. n. 698.—C. Nommuli-
ria, Willd. sp. 3. p. 979; DC. l.e.; Spr. syst. 3. p.297 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 2015
Wail.! L.n. 5417 (excl. e).—C. hirta, Roth! nov. sp. p. 339.—C. Rothiana
DC. I. c.—C. Rothii, Spr. 1. c.—Astragalus biflorus, Linn.! mant. p. 273.—
Cicer nummularizfolium, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 2; DC. l. c. p. 354.— Pluk.
t. 389. f. 5.

591. (41) C. globosa (Wight :) prostrate, diffuse, hairy : stipules wanting *
leaves simple, orbicular: peduncles leaf-opposed, 3-4 times longer than tne

.

leaves, about 2-flowered: bracteas and bracteoles setaceous : calyx deeply —

4-cleft, hairy; segments lanceolate-acuminated, shorter than the corolla =
legume sessile, globose, sparingly hairy, hard-coriaceous, few- (about 4)

seeded.— Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 5412 (written by mistake globulosa); €^ —

n. 697.—-— Dindygnl hills.
. Less hairy than the last species.

CROTALARIA. LEGUMINOS JE. 191

§ 9. Low hairy plants; branched from the base: branches diffuse or ascending :
stipules wanting: leaves simple, scattered: peduncles few-flowered, leaf-op-
posed, aggregated at the extremities of leafy branchlets: legumes sessile,
small, globose or ovoid, black, glabrous. —Microcarpe.

. 592. (42) C. nana (Burm.:) ceespitose, hairy, branched from the base:
branches terete, slender, lower ones diffuse: stipules wanting : leaves simple,
oblong, broader upwards, obtuse: flowers 2-3 on short leaf-opposed pedun-
cles, or 5-6 in nearly sessile terminal umbels: calyx very hairy, as long as
the corolla: legume ovoid, sessile, glabrous (black), about a half maie. fun
the calyx.—Burm. fl. Ind. p. 156. t. 48. f. 2; DC. prod. 2. p. 127 ; Wight!
eat. n. 672.—C. biflora, Willd.? sp. 3. p. 978; Spr. syst. 3. p. 227 ; Wall.! L.
n. 5381.—C. melanocarpa, Waill.! L. n. 5382 (partly ).—C. umbellata, Wall.!
L. n. 5383 (partly).—C. nummularia, Wall.! L. n. 5417. e.— Pluk. t. 386.
J. 1.£— Southern provinces, common. :

593. (43) C. umbellata (Wight:) branched from the base, very hairy:
branches terete, ascending, elongated, twiggy: stipules wanting: leaves
oblong, slightly acute ; flowers numerous, forming terminal umbels: calyx
very hairy, as long as the corolla ; upper lip shortly bifid: legume globose,
sessile, glabrous (black), scarcely longer than the calyx, 6-8-seeded.— Wight!
cat. n. 700; Wall.! L. n. 5883 (partly) ———Dindygul hills.

b. Leaves long-petioled, digitately 3—5-foliolate.

§ 10. Leaves trifoliolate: legumes pubescent, ovate, gibbous, obliquely beaked by

the hardened base of aa style: seeds 2, opposite.—Disperme—Cyrtolobus,
R. Brown in Wall. L. n. 5432.

594. (44) C. rigida (Heyne:) shrubby, very rigid, much and divaricately
branched : ultimate branchlets woody, pubescent: stipules minute, setaceous:
leaves trifoliolate, on a very short petiole: leaflets small (scarcely 2 lines
long), broadly obeordate; upper side nearly glabrous, under pubescent: ra-
cemes few-flowered, terminating the branchlets.—ZHeyne in Roth nov. sp.
p.343; DC. prod. 2. p. 133; Spr. syst. 3. p. 239; Wight! cat. n. 714.—
Vellanganny near Negapatam, on sandy soil.

595. (45) C. Willdenowiana (DC.:) shrubby, much branched: young
parts shortly villous: stipules lanceolate-subulate, conspicuous on the young
branches: leaves trifoliolate; leaflets cuneate-linear, retuse or emarginate,
about twice the length of the common petiole (about half an inch long and a
line broad), pubescent on both sides, but particularly on the under: racemes
terminal, 6-8-flowered on the extremity of the branches, 2-4-flowered on the
axillary short nearly leafless branchlets.—DC. prod. 2. p. 134 ; Wight! cat.
n. 716, 717.—C. spartioides, Spr. syst. 3. p. 240; Wall.! L. n. 5435.—C. ge-
nistoides, Willd. sp. 3. p. 987.

596. (46) C. rostrata (W. & A.:) shrubby, much branched; branches
woody, and with the petioles and racemes softly pubescent: stipules long-
subulate : leaves trifoliolate : leaflets obovate-oblong, obtuse or slightly acute,
mucronate, nearly equal to the petiole (from one-half to. three-fourths of =
inch long and one-fourth of an inch broad) ; upper side glabrous and minutely
dotted ; under pale with a silky adpressed pubescence: racemes terminal
and leaf-opposed, many-flowered: flowers approximated : bracteas lanceo-

ee, permanent, about half the length of the pedicels.— Wight ! cat.

n. adi " "

597. (47) C. trifoliastrum (Willd. :) suffruticose ; stems several, woody,
erect or ascending: branches Vin and nearly simple, straight and twiggy,
tomentose: stipules minute, setaceous: leaves rather distant, trifoliolate,
long-petioled ; leaflets cuneate, obcordate, shorter than the petiole, (from

192 LEGUMINOSA.. Cnoranaki ae

half an inch to an inch long); upper side glabrous ; under paler, sprinkled
with minute adpressed hairs: racemes terminal, elongated (3-5 inches long),
many-flowered, with occasionally a few-flowered peduncle in the axils of the
upper leaves; flowers distant (pretty large): bracteas subulate,.— Willd, sp.
3. p. 983 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 277 ; Wall. ! L. n. 5452 (exclud. g, h); Wight!
eat. n. 719, 721.—C. virgata, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 373.—C. medica-
ginea, DC. l.c. p. 133 (not Lam.).—C. stricta, Roth, nov. sp. p. 342; DC.
l. ce.—Lupinus trifoliatus, Rottl. ! in nov. act. nat. cur. Berol. 4. 1803, p. 223.
& 5.

598. (48) C. Notonii (W. & A.:) suffruticose, erect: branches divaricat-
ing, shortish, tomentose: stipules narrow-subulate: leaves slightly approxi-
mated, trifoliolate, long-petioled ; leaflets cuneate-obovate, scarcely retuse,
mucronate, rather longer than the petiole (from a half to an inch long, and
one-third of an inch broad); upper side glabrous ; under paler, sprinkled
., with minute adpressed hairs: racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, shortish

(2-3 inches long), many-flowered: flowers approximated (pretty large):
bracteas linear.— Wight ! cat. n. 991.—C. Trifoliastrum, Wall.! L. n. 5432. g.
Neelgherries. Awvery.

The whole habit and the texture of the leaves differ considerably from C.
trifoliastrum.

599. (49) C. neglecta (W. &. A.:) suffruticose, procumbent, diffuse,
branched: branches elongated, twiggy, harshly-pubescent: stipules seta-
ceous, minute: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneate-oblong, retuse or ers o
nate, usually mucronate, longer than the petiole (about 6 lines long and 2
broad) ; upper side glabrous; under with adpressed pubescence: racemes
leaf-opposed, stiff, few-flowered, 3-5 times longer than the leaves: bracteas
subulate, nearly as long as the short pedicels, scattered along the rachis, some
of the lower ones occasionally without flowers: flowers small.—Wight! cat.

n. 718.—C. procumbens, Wall! L. n. 5437. a,b, e, i (not Rowb.).—C. trifo-
liastrum, Wall.! L. n. 5432. h.—C. virgata, Mart.? (not Rozb.) ; DC.? prod.
2. p. 131.—-—Gingie-hills, and probab y elsewhere not uncommon. x
_ Perhaps C. virgata of Martius and De Candolle may belong to this species, — —
ut their description is exceedingly imperfect: we hesitate about bringing it —
here principally from its leaves being described glabrous, and from the flowers
of C. Orizensis being said by Martius to be the most minute of the var
while those of C. neglecta are much smaller. C. medicaginea, Ham.! in all.:
L. n. 5434 (not Lam.), appears to be a luxuriant form of C. neglecta, but We

*

have only seen a specimen in flower.

600. (50) C. medicaginea (Lam.:) suffruticose, prostrate, diffuse, branched: -
ie d Pine x oed setaceous, minute, deciduous: ava
ate : ‘s Cuneate-oblong, emarginate, nearly twice the length of the
tiole (3-4 lines long and 1-2 broad; upper Mds glabrous ; inde sparingly
pubescent : peduncles leaf-opposed, filiform, 2-3 times the length of the
leaves, bearing 2 small flowers towards the apex; bracteas minute, not
the length of the pedicels, all with flowers in their axils —Lam. enc.
p. 201; Spr. syst. 3. p. 239 ; Wight! cat. n. 715.—C. procumbens, Roab. fl
Ind. 3. p. 278 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 874; Wall.! L.n. 5437. c, d, f, g (partly)
cis uiri GM ! in Wall.! L. n. 5436.—C. foliosa, Willd. enum»
p. 747 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 131; Spr. syst. 3. p. 940. Indi foliosa, Rottl.;
herb, Madr. ! —Pluk. t. BS T ee
This species and C. neglecta are very closely allied; and unless specimens
of both be in a perfect state, it is almost impossible to distinguish them. .
601. (51) C. Aerniarioides (W. & A.:) perennial, slightly suffruticóSó —
prostrate, diffuse: branches ‘oem i "i vere leaves t-
foliolate, shortly petioled ; leaflets orbicular-obco: te, nearly thrice the
length of the common petiole (about a line long) ; upper side glabrous >

CnorTALARIA. LEGUMINOS E. 193

under covered with adpressed pubescence: peduneles leaf-opposed, several
times the length of the leaves, bearing 3-4 flowers along their upper half.—
Wight ! cat. n. 713.—C. procumbens, Wall.! L. n. 5437. g (partly).——Sandy
soil near Arcot. í
Besides the above, C. elliptica, Roxb.!, a native of China, is enumerated in
. Wallich’s List (n. 5433) as a species of Cyrtolobus : it has, however, neither
the pod nor opposite seeds characteristic of that subgenus as we have defined
it, but is more allied to C. Orixensis. We may here remark, that previous to
the arrival of the third volume of Roxburgh's Flora Indica in Britain, Hooker
and Arnott had described the same plant in the Bot. of Beechey's Voyage,
Pp. 180, as C. Vachellii, a name which must give way to that given by Rox-
burgh: perhaps, however, it is not distinct from C. uncinella, Lam. ill. t. 617.
f. 2, from the Mauritius, but probably introduced there from China ; and if so,
Lamarck's name is certainly the oldest.

8 11. Leaves 3-foliolate : legumes oblong, obtuse at both ends, on a longish filiform
stalk, several-seeded. — Podocarpe.—Clavulium, Desv. in ann. sc. nat. 9.
p. 407.

602. (52) C. laburnifolia (Linn.:) shrubby, erect, glabrous: branches te-
rete: stipules wanting ; leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly oval, usually acute
at both ends: racemes elongated, terminal and leaf-opposed, many-flowered :
bracteas subulate, minute, deciduous ; bracteoles very minute, setaceous, be-
low the middle of the pedicel: flowers large (yellow), long-pedicellate :

eel acuminated, rather longer than the vexillum, about twice the length of
the ale : legume stalked, quite glabrous, cylindric-oblong, about three times
as long as broad ; stalk much longer than the calyx, a little shorter than the
legume.— Linn. / sp. p. 1005 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 130; Spr. syst. 3. p. —
Rowb. fl. Ind, 3. p. 215 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 363 ; Wall.! L. n. 5424 ; Wight!
cat. n. 710.—C. pendula, Bert.; DC. l. c.—C. pedunculosa, Desv.; DC. 1. c.
P. 132.—Clavulium pedunculosum, Desv. in ann. sc. nat. 9. p. 407.— Burm.
Zeyl. t. 355 Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 27.— Southern provinces, common.

By drying, the bright yellow blossoms often become purplish.

603. (53) C. Orivensis (Roxb.:) perennial, herbaceous, procumbent :
litas Man racemes, d d sihi of the leaves, slightly hairy:
stipules lanceolate, small, hairy: leaves trifoliolate; leaflets obovate, upper
side glabrous: racemes elongated, leaf-opposed, slender, many-flowered:
bracteas cordate, acuminated, reflexed, permanent ; bracteoles subulate, close
to the base of the calyx, reflexed : flowers small, on long filiform pedicels :
corolla scarcely longer than the calyx: legume stalked, quite glabrous, short
cylindrical, scarcely a half longer than broad, more than twice the length of
the stalk, few-seeded ; stalk scarcely longer than the calyx.—Rowb. fl. Ind.
3. p. 276 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 375; Rottl in Willd. enum. p. 747; DC.
prod. 2. p. 131 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 240; Wall.! L. n. 5426; Wight! cat. n. 712.
—Pluk. t. 52. f. 2.— "Cirears. Travancore.

* 604. (54) C. stipitata (Graham :) shrubby, diffuse, branched : branches
terete, aA Misit An J males inisa and setaceous, or etaed 4
leaves trifoliolate ; EA im obcordate, upper side glabrous, under pu b x.
racemes acutely flexuose, few-flowered, only at the ends of the Town ya t
lets: corolla much longer than the calyx; vexillum silky ; keel — hil
near the base, then quite straight and rostrate: legumes , oblong, Sl htl
broader upwards, ending in a thick short point, few-seeded ; stalk slightly
longer than the calyx.—Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5425. : f Wall. L

e introduce this plant with doubt, because the specimens of Wall. : 5 :

‘<0. l, are said to be derived from Heyne's herbarium with yog ot C.
irifoliastrum. Specimens of that plant are, however, confused with the true
_C. stipitata, under both a and b: so that perhaps Heyne's plant is the true C.

N

194 LEGUMINOS X. CnoTALARIA.

trifoliastrum, while the specimens from the Caleutta Botanie Garden alone
are €. stipitata, and the mixture may have arisen from accident.

§ 12. Leaves 3-foliolate: legumes oblong, sessile or attenuated at the base with a
kind of short stalk, several-seeded.__Hedreocarpe.

605. (55) C. clavata (W. & A.:) erect, branched, all over whitish with a
short adpressed pubescence except the upper side of the leaves: stipules very
small, setaceous, patulous: leaves trifoliolate: leaflets cuneate-obovate, re-
tuse, mucronate; upper side glabrous: petioles grooved above: racemes
leaf-opposed, elongated, many-flowered : bracteas setaceous, reflexed :
flowers shortly pedicellate: bracteoles lanceolate, reflexed, attached to the
base of the calyx: calyx half the length of the glabrous corolla ; upper lip
shorter than the lower: vexillum and faleate keel slightly longer than the
ale : legume pendulous and parallel to the rachis, clavate, tapering at the
base into a kind of short stalk, slightly covered with adpressed pubescence,
many- (10-12-) seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 711.—C. cytisoides, Wight! in
Wall.! L. n. 5424, d——Cunnawady near Dindygul.

§ 13. Leaves digitately 5-7-foliolate: calyx nearly glabrous: legumes large, cla-
vate-oblong, glabrous, attenuated at the base into a kind of short stalk: seeds
'numerous.—Polyphylle.

606. (56) C. quinquefolia (Linn.:) annual, erect, branched, pubescent or
nearly glabrous: stems hollow: stipules small, setaceous, recurved: leaves
5-foliolate, some of them occasionally trifoliate or very rarely simple ; leaflets
usually longer than the petioles, from lanceolate to narrow-linear ; upper side
glabrous, under of the younger ones often covered with a short silky pubes-
cence: petioles grooved above: racemes terminal, much elongated, many-
flowered : bracteas lanceolate, reflexed ; bracteoles subulate, near the bas
of the pedicel: flowers large, rather distant: legumes clavate-oblong, gla-
brous, attenuated at the base into a stalk much shorter than the aly: r^t 1
very numerous.—Linn.! sp. p. 1006 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 131 ; Spr. syst. 9. p.241 5
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 279; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 374 ; Wall.! L. n. 5429;
Wight ! cat. n. 704, 707.—C. heterophylla, Linn.! suppl. p. 823; DC. l. € P
131 ; Spr. l. e.— Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 28. |

The Linnean specimen of C. heterophylla is imperfect ; but after a careful
examination of it, we are induced to regard it as an accidentally trifoliate state
of the present species: the leaflets are slightly broader than usual, and almost
obovate. The whole specimen consists of the end of a branch, or perh
the top of a stunted plant, about 6 inches long ; in some of the lower leaves
the lateral leaflets have become abortive, as often happens in the common
form of the species.

607. (57) C. digitata (Hooker:) somewhat shrubby, erect, branched, every-
where (except the flowers) densély tomentose : ‘stipules subulate, reflexed:
leaves digitate; leaflets 5 or rarely 7, obovate: racemes terminal and leat-
opposed, elongated, many-flowered : bracteas lanceolate, reflexed : bracteoles
setaceous, near the base of the pedicels: flowers large, approximated, long-
pedicelled : legumes » clavate-oblong, glabrous, attenuated at the bene
into a short stalk scarcely the length of the calyx : seeds numerous. Hn.
in Bot. misc. 2. p. 354. suppl. t. 16 (engraved C. quinquefolia) ; Wight! cat
n. 105, Madura Hills. j í

We have retained the name given by Dr Hooker in place of restoring tha
of C. tomentosa, originally given to this species by Dr Wight in the Bot. misc.
l. c., although the objection there stated be removed; the C. tomentosa
Rottler being the same as Roxburgh’s C. ramosissima.

. 608. (58) C. Grahamiana (W. & A.:) shrubby, erect, branched, ev
where densely villous with adpressed silky hairs except the flowers and up-
per side of the leaves: stipules subulate, reflexed : leaves digitate; l |

3

x -

Roruta. LEGUMINOSZ. 195

5-7, cuneate-oblong, obtuse or retuse, upper side glabrous: racemes termi-
nal: bracteas lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed: flowers large, approximated,
-on longish pedicels: bracteoles setaceous near the base of the pedicels: le-
gumes large, glabrous, oblong, attenuated at the base into a short. stalk:
seeds numerous.— Wight! cat. n. 706.—C. digitata, Wight! (not Hook.) in
Wall.! L.n. 5430. Dindygul hills, at an elevation of 4000 feet.

B. Stems herbaceous, rarely shrubby: leaves usually palmately 3~5-foliolate, very
rarely unequally pinnated ; primordial ones alternate : stamens. diadelphous :
legume 1-celled.—'Trifolieze, Brown.

V. ROTHIA. Pers.

Calyx 5-cleft to the middle: segments broad ; the two upper ones faleate,
distinet but close together, and forming as if one vaulted segment pressing
upon the vexillum. Corolla inserted into the bottom of the calyx, papiliona-
cequs: vexillum oblong-obovate, straight or slightly reeurved towards the
apex: ale about the length of the keel, and slightly shorter than the vexil-
lum, oblong: keel-petals distinct or scarcely cohering, a little obtuse, and
not acuminated. Stamens monadelphous, the sheath split on the upper side.
Style glabrous, filiform, straight. Stigma capitate. Legume linear, acumi-
nated at both ends, sessile, compressed, many-seeded. Seeds compressed,
reniform : cotyledons thin: radicle at the end of the seed, curved up along
the edge of its lobes to their middle—Annual, prostrate, thickly sprinkled on
the stems, petioles, pedicels, and legumes, with longish soft silky hairs.
Leaves petioled, palmately trifoliolate ; leaflets all nearly sessile, cuneate-ob-
long, rather fleshy: upper surface almost glabrous ; under with adpressed hairs.
Stipules foliaceous, oblong, partial ones wanting. Pedicels solitary or in pairs,
opposite to the leaves, with setaceous bracteoles above the middle.

609. (1) R. trifoliata (Pers.)— Pers. . 2. 638; DC. prod. 2. p. 382;
Wai. ! we a. Y “ta 828. — Dillwynia trifoliata, Roth, cat. bot.

3. p. 715 Pers. syn. 2. p. 302.—Harpelema, Jacq. ecl. 2. t. 129.—Westonia
humifusa, Spr. Pore 8. d 230. Glycine humifusa, Willd. enum. p. 156 ; Roth,
nov. sp. p. 349.—G. leptocarpa, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5515.— Trigonella
Indica, Linn.! sp. p. 1095 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 282; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 389 ; in
E. I. C. mus. tab, 412.—Lotus Indieus, Desr. in Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 606 ;
DC. l. c. p. 210.—Hosackia Indica, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5940.—Pluk.
t. 200. f. 7, and t. 231. f. 5.

VI. TRIGONELLA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. 2. t. 152. f. 3; Lam. ill, t. 611.

Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft. Vexillum and ale nearly equal, spreading in
the form of a 3-petalled corolla: keel very small, patent. Stamens diadel-
phous (9 and 1). Legume continuous, oblong, compressed or cylindrical,
aeuminated, many-seeded.—Herbaceous plants, with a heavy penetrating
odour. Leaves trifoliolate, the terminal leaflet stalked. d c.

* 610. (1) T. Fenum-gracum (Linn.:) annual: stem erect, simple: leaflets
obovate, obsoletely toothed : stipules lanceolate-faleate, entire: flowers ses-
sile, solitary or in pairs: calyx hairy; the teeth subulate, the length of the
tube: legumes elongated, compressed, longitudinally reticulated, falcate,
with a long beak about half the length of the legume : peda large, ovate,
and wrinkled ; the radicle prominent.—Linn. sp. p. 1095 ; Ser. Bone DC. prod.
2. p. 182; Spr. syst. 3. p. 284; Gaertn. fr. t. 152. f. 3; Wall.! L. n. 5984 ;
Wight! cat. n. 722. fier ;

N

196 LEGUMINOS X. Mexinotvs.

* 611. (2) T. corniculata (Linn.:) annual: stem somewhat erect, somè-
times flexuose or diffuse, glabrous: leaflets obovate, toothed or serrated to-
wards the apex : stipules lanceolate, nearly entire or toothed: peduncle axil-
lary, longer than the leaves, mucronate at the apex: racemes many-flowered,
at first.dense and umbiliform, afterwards lengthening: corolla thrice the
length of the calyx: legumes compressed, declinate, faleate, short pointed,
transversely veined: seeds reniform, rugose; radicle prominent.— Linn. sp.
p. 1094; Ser. ! in DC.! prod. 2. p. 184 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 284; Rowb.! fl. Ind. 3.
p. 389.— T. esculenta, Willd. enum. p. 109; DC. l. c. p. 185 ; Spr. l. c. ; Wail.!
L. n. 5985.—T. elatior, Sm. and Sibth.; DC. l. e. p. 1835; Spr. l. c. p. 283.—
Medicago esculenta, Rowb. in E. T. C. mus. tab. 1167.

This and the last are only known in India in a state of cultivation. The
present, when growing in a luxuriant soil, has the stipules always setaccous-
ly-toothed ; but in a dry soil, they are often nearly quite entire. We do not
know any character to separate T. elatior, Sm., described at length in Rees
Cyclopedia, the terminal bristle of the raceme being only very small, not
wanting ; specimens thus named, and correctly so as we think, agreeing pre-
cisely with Wallich's Indian specimens, were distributed by the Unio Itiner-
aria, gathered at Smyrna by Fleischer in 1827.

VII. MELILOTUS. Tourn.; Lam. ill. t. 613.

Calyx tubular, softly 5-toothed. Corolla deciduous: keel simple; ale
shorter than the vexillum: the keel and the alse cohering, free from the sta-
men tube: vexillum free. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Style terminal
filiform. Legumes globose or ovoid, longer than the calyx, coriaceous,
scarcely dehiscent, 1- or few-seeded.—Herbaceous annual or perennial plants.
Leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets often toothed, the terminal one stalked. Stipules
connate with the petiole. Peduncles axillary. Flowers racemose, shortly
pedicellate, white or yellow. Fruit pendulous.

612. (1) M. leucantha (Koch :) stem erect, branched: leaves ovate-oblong,
truncated at the apex, mucronate, remotely serrated: stipules setaceous:
racemes elongated, lax : calycine teeth unequal, as long as the tube: corolla
(white) more than twice as eae as the calyx ; the keel and alee shorter than
the vexillum : legumes 2-seeded, ovate, reticulated, with elevated ir
wrinkles: seeds ovate.—Ser./ in DC.! prod. 2. p. 187 ; Wight ! cat. n. 867.—
M. altissima, Thuill.; DC. 1. c.; Wall.! L. n. 5942.—9M. vulgaris, Willd.
enum. p. 190 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 206.—M. Indica, Spr.? l. c.— Trifolium officinale,
B, Linn. sp. p. 1078.—T. Germanicum, Sm. in Rees’ cycl.

613. (2) M. parviflora (Desf.:) stem ascending or erect: branches some-
what petalous: lower leaflets obovate-roundish, and often almost quite en-
tire, upper ones linear or cuneate-oblong, serrated : stipules linear-setaceous,
nearly quite entire : flowers (yellow) minute, at first close spiked, afterw
more distant: calycine teeth nearly equal, broad : ale almost as long as the
keel and vexillum: legumes globose-ovoid, irregularly marked with elevated
reticulated wrinkles, 2-seeded : seeds ovoid.— Desf. fl. Atl. 2. p. 192; Ser.:
in DC.! prod. 2. p. 187 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 206 ; Wall. L. n. 5943.—M. Indi-
cus, Sm. in Rees’ cycl.—M. minima, Roth, nov. sp. p. 361; DC. 1. c. p. 189;
Spr. l. c. p. 208.— Trifolium Indicum, 3, Linn. sp. p. 1077 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 9.
p. 388; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 411,

VIII. CYAMOPSIS. DC.

Calyx turbinately-tubular, 5-cleft ; lobes lanceolate-subulate, acute, the
twoupper more remote. Petals nearly equal ; the straight acute keel cohering
with the oblong ale, and together falling off elastically : vexillum roundish,

*

Pycnosrora. LEGUMINOS. 197

remaining after the other petals. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Ovary linear-
terete. Style ascending. Stigma capitate. Legume compressed, 2-valved,
oblong-linear, rostrate, 2-nerved on the back, close to junction of the valves,
with cellular spurious partitions between the seeds. Seeds 7-8, obovate or
truncated on one side, compressed. Inner coat of the seed swollen, and re-
sembling albumen.—Annual, erect. Stipules subulate. Leaves pinnately tri-
foliate : leaflets ovate, dentate, glaucous, exstipulate. Racemes axillary, very
short. Flowers small, erect, purplish. Hairs of the whole plant attached by
their middle.

614. (1) C. psoraloides (DC.)—DC. prod. 2. p. 216 ; Wail.! L. n. 5920;
Wight! cat. n. 869.—Dolichos psoraloides, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 297.—D. fa-
beeformis, L'Her.; Spr. syst. 9. p. 251; Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 316.—Psoralea te-
tragonoloba, Linn. mant. p. 104.—Trigonella tetrapetala, Roab. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 413.—Lupinus trifoliatus, Cav. ic. 1. t. 59. i

De Candolle states that the keel consists of two distinct petals: we have
always found them combined towards the apex, although distinct at the base.

C. Stems herbaceous or suffrutescent, often twining : leaves various; primordial ones op-
posite, similar to each other: stamens usually diadelphous : legume 1-celled.—Cli-
toriee. DC.

IX. PYCNOSPORA. Brown mst.

Calyx without bracteoles, deeply 4-cleft ; segments about equal in length,
. upper one broadest, bifid at the apex. Petals inserted into the bottom of the
calyx, about equal in length; vexillum free, broad, rounded: keel obtuse,
cohering with the al, both free from the stamen-tube. Stamens diadelphous
(9 and 1), somewhat persistent : anthers all roundish and perfect. Ovary li-
near, compressed: ovules numerous, on short slender podosperms. Style
glabrous. Stygma obtuse. Legume oblong, inflated, straightish on the semi-
niferous margin, convex at the dorsal suture, 1-celled : valves scarious, marked
with numerous transverse slightly branched and anastomosing veins. Seeds
(immature) numerous, small, peritropal, compressed, thickest at the one end.
Suffrutescent, diffuse, branched, pubescent. Leaves pinnately trifoliate : leaf-
lets with two partial setaceous stipules, cuneate-obovate, sprinkled with short
hairs, more abundantly on the under side where they are paler or slightly
glaucous and strongly nerved. Stipules subulate. Racemes terminal, many-
flowered, pubescent or hairy: bracteas scarious, striated, ovate-lanceolate
with a long subulate point, deciduous. Flowers small, purplish, pedicellate,
in pairs or threes from the axil of each bractea. Legumes sprinkled with
Spreading hairs. Ev
i smodium i i ria in c er. We
Mor eet pod dateien in rem Lund ghe Storr attached to a plant
from New Holland, which seems not only to be a congener ipm e£ qwe ne c9
į apparently the same species. As, however, we are not so l neri i

615. (1) P. nervosa (W. & A.)—Wight! cat. n. 988.—Crotalaria? nervos
Graham ! * Wall.! L. $ daa! “ea polysperma, Moon ?—Courtallum
X. PSORALEA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 614.

Sepals 5, combined to the middle into a permanent 5-cleft calyx ; the tube
usually covered with glands; divisions acuminated, the lowest one some-

198. LEGUMINOSJE. INDIGOFERA;

what longer than the others. Stamens 10, usually diadelphous (9 and 1),
the tenth sometimes connected with the others at the base. Legume the
length of the calyx, indehiscent, 1-seeded, sometimes ending in a beak.—
Shrubs or herbaceous plants, usually warted from glandular tubercles. Leaves
of various forms. Stipules adnate to the base of the petiole. Inflorescence
various. Flowers blue, white or purple.

616. (1) P. corylifolia (Linn. :) herbaceous, erect : leaves simple, roundish-
ovate, occasionally slightly cordate at the base, repand-toothed: stipules nar-
row-lanceolate, recurved: racemes dense, spikelike, usually short and capitu-
liform, on long axillary solitary peduncles: pedicels much shorter than the ca-
lyx, about three together from each bractea.—Linn.! sp. p. 1075 ; DC. prod.
2. p. 218 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 198; Burm. fl. Ind. p. 172. t. 49; Roxb. ft. Ind. 3.
p. 387 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 710 ; Wall.! L. n. 5351; Wight! cat. n. 840.—
Trifolium unifolium, Forsk. ee

Roxburgh defines this species with leaves “ rarely ternate,” in which state
we have never seen it.

XI. INDIGOFERA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 626 3 Gaertn. fr. 2 t. 148.

Calyx 5-cleft ; segments acute. Vexillum roundish, emarginate: keel fur-
nished with a subulate spur on both sides, at length often bending back elas-
tically. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Style filiform, glabrous. Legume
continuous, one or more seeded, 2-valved. Seeds usually truncated, sepa-
rated by cellular spurious partitions.—Herbaceous or shrubby. Stipules small,
free from the petiole. Peduncles axillary. Flowers racemose, purple, blue,
or white ; many of the upper ones of each raceme frequently becoming abor-
tive. Leaves various, usually unequally pinnated or digitate: hairs, either
all or some of them, adpressed and attached by their middle.

§ 1. Leaves simple: racemes peduncled, few-flowered ; pedicels shorter than the ca-
lyx: legume crescent-shaped, 3-quetrous, rostrate, l-seeded ; back broad, fur-
nished on each side with a marginal nerve beset with inoffensive slightly hooked
prickles.—Echinate. | :

617. (1) I. echinata (Willd. :) herbaceous, prostrate: branches angular;
leaves simple, obovate, minutely dotted with glands: stipules subulate: ra-
cemes on peduncles rather shorter than the leaves, few- (6-8-) flowered: ca-
lyx-segments long, lanceolate-subulate: keel pointed: legumes crescent-
shaped with hooked bristles along the margins of the convex side: seed s0-
litary, flat, reniform.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 1222 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 222; Spr. syst.

3. p. 273; Roxb. fl. Ind.3. p. 370; Wall.! L. n. 5456 ; Wight! cat. n. 843.

—I. prostrata, Roxb. ! in herb. Sm. ! ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 377.—Hedysarum

n. 288. Linn.! in herb. Herm.!; Al. Zeyl.—H. nummularisefolium, Linn.

sp. p. 1051 (excl. all syn.).—H. rotundifolium, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 81.—H. eri-

naeeum, Poir. enc. meth. 6. p. 393.—Onobrychis rotundifolia, Desv. ; DC.
prod. 2. p. 348; Spr. syst. 3. p. 204.— Pluk. t. 433. f. 1.——Moist sandy soils,
near the coast. DC.)

The legume of Hedysarum cuneifolium of Roth (€ )nobrychis cuneifolia, DV.,
appears Eo belong to this plant ; but we cannot - the remainder of his de-
scription to any of the order with which we are acquainted : perhaps it is
drawn up from fragments of different plants.

§ 2. Racemes sessile, short, dense, and somewhat capituliform : flowers almost sessile :
legumes 1-2-seeded, globose or short-oblong, the length not exceeding twice
the breadth.—Brachycarpe.

618. (2) I. linifolia (Retz:) suffruticose, diffuse, procumbent, all over
whitish with short adpressed silvery hairs : leaves simple, nearly sessile, from

INDIGOFERA. LEGUMINOSÆ. 199

oboyate or oblong to lanceolate or narrow linear, mucronate: stipules subu-
late: racemes very short, sessile, 2-4-flowered : calyx segments long, lanceo-
late-subulate : legumes globose, 1-seeded : seed perfectly globose, shining.—
Retz, obs. 4. p. 29, and 6. p. 33. t.2; DC. prod. 2. p. 222 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 273 ;
Roab.! fl. Ind. 8. p. 870 ; Cor. 2. t. 196 ; Wall.! L. n. 5489 ; Wight! cat. n. 841.
—I. polygonoides, Wendl.—Hedysarum linifolium, Linn.! suppl. p. 931.—
Spheridiophorum, Desv. journ. 3. p. 125. t. 6. f. 385.— Common.

619. (8) I. cordifolia (Heyne :) diffuse, all over hairy with long soft white
hairs: leaves simple, broadly ovate, slightly cordate at the base, nearly ses-
sile: stipules. setaceous : racemes capituliform, sessile, few- (3-6-) flowered :
calyx-segments long and subulate: legumes oval, about twice as long as
broad, hoary, 2-seeded : seeds ovate and truncated at one end.—Heyne! in
Roth. nov. sp. p. 357 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 222 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 273; Wight ! cat.
n. 842. —Heylandia ? cordifolia, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5343.———M ysore.

620. (4) I. glandulosa (Roxb. :) suffruticose, diffuse, young parts softly pu-
bescent or villous : leaves petioled, trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong-obovate, rather
longer than the petioles, under side more hairy and glandular-dotted : sti-
pules setaceous: racemes sessile, oval, dense, many-flowered, scarcely so
long as the petiole: calyx segments short-subulate : legumes oval about twice
as long as broad, hairy, 4-angled ; angles slightly winged and toothed: seeds
2, ovate and truncated at one end.—Roab.! in herb. Sm.! ; in Willd, sp. 3.
p. 1227 ; fl. Ind. 3. p. 872; DC. prod. 2. p. 223; Spr. syst. 3. p. 275; Wall.!
L. n. 5461; Wight! cat. n. 846.—1. frumentacea, Roab. in E. I. C. mus.
t. 381——Circars. _

621. (5) I. enneaphylla (Linn.:) perennial, procumbent, all the young parts
and leaves pubescent with adpressed whitish hairs: branches prostrate, two-
edged : leaves pinnate, sessile ; leaflets 3-5 pairs, obovate-oblong: stipules
lanceolate, acuminated, scariose : racemes sessile, short, oval, dense, many-
flowered: calyx-segments long-subulate : legumes oval, scarcely twice as
long as broad, pubescent, not winged: seeds 2, ovate and truncated at one
end.—Linn.! mant. p. 272; DC. prod. 2. p. 229 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 277 ; Roxb.
Al. Ind. 3. p. 376; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 390; Wall.! L. n. 5444; Wight! cat.
n. 863,—I. exspitosa, Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 5447 .—Hedysarum prostratum,
Linn. ! mant. 1. p. 102 ; Burm. Ind. p. 168. t. 55. f. 1.— Pluk. t. 166. f. 2.

83. Leaves sessile; leaflets 3-5: peduncles solitary, filiform, l-flowered: calyx-seg-
ments lanceolate, acute: legumes cylindrical, straight, several- (3-6-) seeded,
4-8 times longer than broad.—Monanthe.

622. (6) I. aspalathoides (Vahl:) shrubby, erect, young parts whitish with

adpressed hairs: branches slender, numerous, spreading in every direction: `

leaves sessile, digitately 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets narrow-cuneate, small, the up-
per surface glabrous, under with a few scattered hairs: peduncles solitary,
1-flowered, about the length of the leaves: flowers ve small; corolla soon
deciduous : legumes cylindrical, pointed, straight, nearly glabrous, 4-6-seed-
ed.—Vahl in herb. Juss. ; DC. prod. 2. p. 231 ; Wight ! cat. n. Böl, aspa-
lathifolia, Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p.871; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 378; Wall.! L. n.
5445.— Aspalathus Indicus, Linn. sp. p. 1001; Burm. Ind. p. 155.—Lespe-
deza juncea, Wall.! L. n. 5743. b—Pluk. t. 101. f. 6 ; and 201, f.2; Rheed.
- 9.1. 97.

623. (7) I. uniflora (Ham.:) perennial ; stems prostrate, slender, long, co-
loured S tae — vent 55 foliolate ; leaflets narrow, cuneate-oblong,
acute, upper side glabrous, under sprinkled with a few white hairs: pedun-
cles solitary, filiform, 1-flowered, twice the — s = vtm : flowers
small: legumes linear-oblong, terete, straight, pointed, near y guorous, Dear
ly 4 times as long as bec lont 3-seeded.—Ham.! es herb. Banks ; Roxb.
in fl. Ind. 3. p. 374; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1625 ; Wall.: L. n. 5446. >

PERA

200 LEGUMINOS X. INDIGOFERA.

§ 4. Leaves pinnated: racemes peduncled few-flowered : flowers very shortly pedi-
celled, distant; calyx-segments short-subulate: legumes cylindrical, straight,
6-12-seeded.—Dissitifore. '

624. (8) I. pentaphylla (Linn. :) suffruticose ; decumbent, terete, glabrous
except the young parts: leaves pinnated ; leaflets 1-2-pairs, oval ; both sides
but more particularly the under hoary from whitish soft hairs: stipules lan-
ceolate-subulate, hairy: peduncles about the length of the leaves, bearing
about 2-3 rather distant flowers: calyx-segments short, subulate: legumes
straight, cylindrical, mucronate, glabrous: seeds 10-12, cylindrical, truncat-
ed at both ends.—Linn. syst. veg. p. 564; DC. prod. 2. p. 230; Spr. syst. 3.
p. 277; Wight! cat. n. 848, 849.—]. fragrans, Retz, obs. 4. p. 29; DC. I. c.
p. 229 ; Spr. l. c. ; Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 8. p. 375 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 886; Wall.!
L. n. 5452,—1. glabra, Linn.! sp. p. 1062; DC. 1. c; Spr. l. e—lI. hetero-
phylla, Roxb. ! in herb. Sm. !— Pluk. t. 166. f. 1 (good).

, Judging from the description given by Lamarck, we have little doubt but
his J. pusilla is also this very species. The Linnean specimen of J. penta-
phylla is cultivated, but agrees well with wild specimens, and with his own J.
glabra.

625. (9) I. viscosa (Lam.:) suffruticose, erect, much branched ; branches,
petioles, peduncles, and legumes glutinous, with rigid gland-tipped hairs:
leaves petioled, pinnated : leaflets 4-8 pairs, elliptie-oblong, pubescent from
white adpressed hairs, particularly on the under side: racemes peduncled
about the length of the leaves or longer: flowers distant, small: calyx-seg-
ments short-subulate: legumes cylindrical, horizontal, straight: seeds 6-12,
cylindrical, truncated at both ends.— Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 247 ; DC. prod. 2. :
p.227; Spr. syst. 3. p. 2785 Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 3. p. 377; Wall.! L. n. 5451;
Wight! cat. n. 847.—1. glutinosa, Roxb.! in E. I. C. mus. tab. 387.—I. gre
veolens, Roxb.! in herb. Smith.—Galega Colutea, Burm. Ind. p. 172.—Pluk.
t. 166. f. 3 (good).

§ 5. Leaves pinnated : racemes peduncled: flowers almost sessile, approximated at

the apex of the peduncle: calyx-segments long and subulate: legumes com-
pressed.—Planisilique.

626. (10) I. tenuifolia (Rottl. !) herbaceous (annual 2), branched, diffuse ;
branches terete and glabrous below, hairy and somewhat two-edged: leaves
short-petioled, pinnated ; leaflets about 4 pairs, cuneate-oblong, sprinkled on
both sides with adpressed whitish hairs: peduncles longer than the leaves,
with a few almost sessile flowers towards the apex : calyx-segments subulate :
legumes compressed, pointed, slightly torulose, nearly glabrous; sutures
thickened.— Wight! cat. n. 864— —Mysore ; Heyne.

86. Leaves trifoliate : racemes nearly sessile, several-flowered, at first corymbiform:
pedicels elongated, several times longer than the calyx.—Laziflore.

627. (11) I. pedicellata (W. & A. :) suffruticose, procumbent ; branches
filiform, sprinkled with short adpressed brownish hairs; older parts terete ;
young parts compressed, thickly covered with brown glands: leaves petioled,
palmately trifoliate ; leaflets cuneate-oblong ; both sides with short whitish
hairs mixed on the under side with glands : racemes almost sessile, somewhat
corymbiform, about the length of the leaves : pedicels slender, drooping, 2-3;
longer than the calyx: calyx deeply 5-cleft (segments linear and acute), and
with the vexillum and keel hirsute and glanduliferous— Wight ! cat. n. 868.
——Neelgherries. ;

A very distinct species, and at first sight apparently not belonging to the
genus: but the keel of the corolla is that of Indigifera. We have not seen the
fruit; the slightly advanced ovary is falcate and pointed.

“ad ‘ /

INDIGOFERA, LEGUMINOSÆ. 201

§ 7. Leaves petioled: racemes sessile, short, not so long as the petiole, many-flow-
ered, dense: pedicels much shorter than the calyx: legumes linear, nearly
straight, deflexed, several (6-20) times longer than broad, slightly compressed :
sutures thickened—Brachystachye.

628. (12) I. trifoliata (Linn. :) suffruticose, branched ; branches slender,
iffuse, prostrate but ascending at the extremities, glabrous and terete to-
wards the base, two-edged and pubescent upwards: leaves on longish pe-
tioles, palmately trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneate-obovate, pubescent on both
sides, glandular underneath: racemes sessile, shorter than the petioles, dense,
many-flowered ; flowers minute : calyx-segments long and subulate : legumes
straight, deflexed, slightly compressed, somewhat torulose, with a prominent
almost winged nerve on each side of the sutures, particularly the seminife-
Tous one ; seeds 6-8, cylindrical, truncated at both ends.— Linn. / amen. 4.
p. 327 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 223; Spr. syst. 8. p. 274; Wight! cat. n. 844.—1. pros-
trata, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1226; DC. I. c. p. 233; Spr. l.c; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 373.
—I. Leschenaultii, DC.? 1. c. p. 223.—1. multicaulis, DC. l. c.—I. canescens,
Spr. l. c. (not Lam.)—1. peregrina, DC.! prod. l. c. p. 224.—1. glandulosa,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 382.—I. Orixensis, Roxb. ! in herb. Smith.—I.
congesta, Graham ! in Wall. ! L.n. 5471.—l1. adenophylla, Graham ! in Wall.!
L. n. 5462,—I. canescens, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5448.—Pluk. t. 113. f. 8.
—Dingygul high hills. i F
Although the above vary slightly in appearance, they constitute in our
Opinion but one species : according to the soil the leaves are cuneate-oblong
or obovate ; to the narrower leaved state may be referred J. trifoliata, Linn.,
di prostrata, Willd., T. Oriæensis, Roxb., I. multicaulis, DC. (with which J.
ylla, Gr. is identical), and part of T. congesta, a, Gr. ; to the broader
leaved the remainder of J. congesta, I. canescens, Gr., and I. Leschenaultit.
I. peregrina, DC., appears to be a state in which more of the upper flowers in
each raceme have become abortive than usual, and seems to be represented
in the figure of Plukenet above quoted. J. Orizensis of Heyne in Wall. L.
n. 5471. b. differs in having considerably larger flowers than any of the other
Specimens, but does not form a distinct species.

629. (13) I. rviflora (Heyne:) erect, branched, all over whitish with
short Soest tee ae: na below, angled upwards: leaves pe-
tioled, pinnated ; leaflets 3-4 pairs, oblong-linear: racemes sessile, dense,
many-flowered, about the length of the petiole: flowers numerous, minute,

© Upper ones caducous : calyx-segments subulate: legumes linear, straight
except at the point, deflexed, compressed, pubescent, 15-20-seeded: seeds
cylindrical, truncated at both ends.—Heyne! in Wall. ! L. n. 5457 ; Wight!
^t. ^. 859.— Mysore; Heyne. Cunnawady.

8 9. Leaves petioled, pinnated, sometimes reduced to one or two leaflets : racemes
sessile, elongated, many-flowered ; pedicels very short : calyx-segments usually
short and broad : legumes linear, several times longer than broad, nearly te-
rete or slightly compressed : sutures thickened.— T'inctorie.

690. (14) I. paucifolia (Delile :) shrubby, erect, much branched, all hoary
with short a Lern f rA aA rio erein terete: leaves pinnated ;
leaflets 1-5, ternate, oblong-lanceolate, the terminal nda
Solitary, sessile, somewhat spiked, longer than the leaves, many-tiowe hele
comets Very small : ealyx-segments short and acute: legumes ea ie
»epressed, torulose, ‘pendulous and curved upwards, 5-8-seeded: see :
reniform, flattish, shining.—Delile, fl. d’ Egypt. p. 107. t. 37. f. 22 ; tg »
P. 224 ; Spr. syst. 3, p. 273; Wall! L. n. 5454; Wight! cat. n. zr got MN
wsentea, Herb. Banks! (not Linn.); Roab. fi. Ind.9. p. 374 ; Rottl.! in herb.
Smith 3 Wail. É I 5455.—I. heterophylla, Roxb. Lin E. I. C. mus. tab. 383.

202 LEGUMINOSJE. INDIGOFERA,

—I. colorata, Roxb.! in herb. Smith.—I. anil, herb. Smith !,—Bremontiera
ammoxylon, 6 Burmanni, DC. prod. 2. p. 353.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 82 (good). `
Tanjore, frequent, in dry arid soil. Rare in the north of the Peninsula.

I.argentea, Linn.! is not found in India: it has the leaflets opposite
and legumes much compressed, and is quite distinct from the present spe-
cies.

631. (15) I. mysorensis (Rottl. :) shrubby, erect, branched : branches as-
cending, terete, hirsutely villous : leaves pinnated : leaflets 1-8-pairs, elliptie-
oblong, mucronate, strigose on both sides with adpressed pubescence: ra-
cemes sessile, elongated, many-flowered : flowers distant, solitary in the axils
of large foliaceous! bracteas: calyx-segments lanceolate: legumes terete,
pointed, erect, hirsutely villous, 3—4-seeded ; seeds reniform.—Herb. Heyne! ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 222 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 276; Wall.! L. n. 5459.—I. polyphylla,
Herb. Heyne !——Mysore ; Heyne.

Dr Wallich has remarked in his List, “Spreng. vix DC." which called our
attention more partieularly to the characters given respectively by these au-
thors; and by a comparison of the specimens in Heyne's herbarium, we are
now enabled to account for their apparent discrepancies. In the one series
(I. mysorensis, Heyne and Wall. L. 5459. a), the inflorescence is little ad-
vanced, and the specimens well covered with pinnated leaves ; there is also
a trifoliolate leaf at the base of each raceme. The other series (F: polyphylla,
Heyne, or Wall. L. n. 5459. b), are much more luxuriant, and the racemes
haye become so much developed as to resemble young branches ; the brac-
teas have enlarged in proportion, and resemble simple leaves. The former
corresponds to Sprengel’s character : the latter to that given by De Candolle,
who probably had only seen the top shoots, for, on the lower part of the
specimens we have seen, pinnated leaves are also observable.

632. (16) I. Wightii (Graham:) suffruticose, erect, branched, all over
hoary with adpressed silky hairs ; branches ascending, striated: leaves pi-
nated ; leaflets 5-10-pairs, small, oblong-oval, slightly retuse, mucronate :
racemes rather shorter than the leaves, many-flowered : flowers small, crowd-
ed, manyfof them deciduous : calyx-segments short, and acute : legumes few,
towards the apex of the rachis, erect, cylindrical, stout, straight, acumina
10-12-seeded : sutures prominent : seeds cylindrical, truncated at both ends.
—Graham! inWall. L. n. 5458; Wight! cat. n. 862. bis —I. foliosa, Graham
in Wall. L. n. 5485.—1. polyphylla, herb. Rottl.!—— Madura hills. My-
pr Heyne.

e specimens we have from Rottler's herbarium, and marked J. polyphylla,
although obtained from Heyne, yet differ from those so named by Heyne and
distributed by Wallich: Dr Graham informs us that they accord precisely .
with his I. foliosa, which it seems Dr Wallich only had from the Calcutta
Bot. Garden : we have not, however, examined the latter ; it is probable that
it may have been raised from seeds transmitted by Heyne.

633. (17) I. tinctoria (Linn. 7) suffruticose, erect, branched, sprinkled with
short whitish pubescence ; branches terete, firm: leaves pinnated ; leaflets
5-6-pairs, oblong-obovate, cuneate at the base, slightly decreasing in size to-
wards the apex of the leaf: stipules subulate, erect or incurved : iron

ma

at the base of the raceme, more distant and deciduous towards the upon
calyx-segments broad, acute: s gee approximated towards the base © the
rachis, nearly cylindrical, slightly torulose, deflexed and more or less curv!

(dj Gertn. f. 2. t. 148.—Pluk. t. 165. f. 5 (good); Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 54

INDIGOFERA. LEGUMINOSÆ. 203

Rumph. amb. 5. t. 80, usually quoted for this species, is quite different.
_ The form of the legume appears to be variable: De Candolle notices a short

fruited variety, with which we are unacquainted, and which probably belongs
to the next ; Wight! cat. n. 852 has them more straight, short, and thick,
than usual, and the leaflets are broader and more glabrous than in his n. 853;
but this may probably arise from cultivation. We have not sufficient mate-
rials to enable us to determine if 7. Anil be a distinct species: we know of no
distinguishing character unless it is to be found in the fruit ; and the descrip-
tions given of that part in the two species differ in different authors.—See
DC. prod. 2. p. 225, and Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 244.

634. (18) I. ecrulea (Roxb. :) shrubby, erect ; branches terete, closely co-
vered with adpressed whitish pubescence : leaves pinnated ; leaflets 4—5-pairs,
obovate, emarginate, the lower the smaller, the terminal largest ; upper sur-
face glabrous ; under paler, covered with depressed hairs: racemes solitary,
sessile, shorter than the leaves, many-flowered: flowers small, pretty close,
the upper ones deciduous: calyx-segments short, acute : legumes terete, short,
about 5 times as long as broad, deflecea and faleate upwards, approximated
towards the base of the rachis, slightly torulose, 34-seeded.— Roa. / fl. Ind.
3. p. 877 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 358; Wall.! L. n. 5460 ; Wight! cat. n. 851.
—I. retusa, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5476.—I. brachycarpa, Graham ! in
Wall.! L. n. 5470.—1. tinctoria, & brachycarpa, DC.? prod 2. p. 224.——
Rajahmundry Circars. Dindygul hills. ;

n We have not seen the seeds : Roxburgh says they are “ like those of tinc-
oria.”

635. (19) I. pulchella (Roxb. :) large erect shrub or small tree, young parts
usually whitish with short adpressed hairs ; branches angled : leaves pinnated;
leaflets 8-10-pairs, obovate or broad elliptic, emarginate, mucronate : racemes
about the length of the leaves, sessile, many-flowered, springing from the

of the leaves and from the former years’ leafless branches: flowers large,
at first crowded, afterwards more distant: calyx-segments short and acute :
petals many times longer than the calyx, patulous and resembling a bilabiate
corolla: legumes scattered along the rachis, slightly deflexed, nearly cylin-
cal, thick, straight, sharp-pointed, 10-12-seeded ; sutures callous, thick.—
b. hort. Bengh. p. 57 ; fl. Ind. 3. p. 382 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 389; Wight!
cat. n. 866. —]. purpurascens, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 383.—I. cassioides, Rottl. ;
DC. prod. 2. p, 225 (char. not good) ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 276 (char. good) ; Wall.
L. n. 5468, d.—]. verrucosa, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5469.—1. glaucescens,
am! in Wall.! L. n. 5484.—Leguminosa, Wall. ! L. n. 5979.——Neel-
gherries. Dindygul hills. Circar hills.

Of Wall. L. n. 5468, our friend Dr Graham is inclined to refer only the letter
s to this plant: we have little doubt, however, that a, c, and perhaps b, are
quite the same : at least such was our impression when we had the specimens
before us, This is the only Peninsular species we know of with large blos-
Soms: perhaps it and the other large flowered ones from Bengal, as F

» Roxb., T. elliptica, Roxb. (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1991), en
Roxb. (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1626), I. atropurpurea, Ham. (Roxb. in E. I. C.
Mus. tab, 1627 ), and J. uncinata, Roxb., ought to form a distinct section. —

§9. Leaves petioled, pinnated or pinnately trifoliolate: racemes sessile or —
cled, elongated, many-flowered : pedicels very short : calyx-segments long an
subulate : legumes linear, 4-angled from the valves being elevated and almost
carinate along their middle, many times longer than broad, many-seeded.—
Tetragonocarpe. : a

636. (20) I. trita (Linn. :) herbaceous or suffruticose, erect, T d, pn rs

less hoary from short adpressed pubescence : leaves pinnately trifoliate ; leaf-
ets oval or oblong, mucronate: racemes sessile, about the length of the
lon? many-flowered ; flowers small, upper ones deciduous: calyx-segments
ong and subulate : legumes deflexed or horizontal, closely approximated at

204 LEGUMINOS X. INDIGOFERA.

the base of the rachis, 4-angled, straight, rigid, and sharp-pointed : seeds
numerous (6-10), 4-sided, truncated at both ends.—Linn. ! suppl. p. 335 ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 232 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 311; in E. T. C. mus. tab. 379 ; Wall.!
L. n. 5449 ; Wight! cat. n. 856, 857, 858.—I. cinerea, Willd. sp. p. 1225;
DC. l. c. ; Spr. syst. 9. p. 214 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 372 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
380.—1. canescens, Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 251 ; Ham.! in herb. Lambert; DC.
l. c. p. 224; Wall.! L. n. 5448.—I. ternata, Roxb. ! in herb. Smith (1789).—
I. hedysaroides, Lam. l. c. p. 250; DC. l. c. p. 282; Spr. l. c. p. 275.—I. ar-
cuata, Willd. l.c. p. 1228 ; DC. l. c.—l. armata, Wall.! L. n. 5453.—I. rigida,
Willd. enum. p. 180 ; DC. l. c. p. 224.

. Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 36, is referred by Lamarck to his I. hedysaroides, which
is certainly not distinct from JI. trita; ‘but the habit is considerably at
variance ; if of this genus, the long pedicels rather point towards our J.
pedicellata. J. trita is a most common plant, found in all soils and situa-
tions, and, like all similarly situated plants, presents individual variations
that might be esteemed distinct species if examined separately, but which,
when viewed collectively, afford no permanent characters.

637. (21) I. marginulata (Graham :) shrubby, diffuse, sparingly sprinkled
with very short whitish pubescence ; branches terete, slender: leaves pinna-
ted ; leaflets 1—2-pairs, opposite, elliptic-obovate, the terminal one the largest:
stipules subulate, patent: racemes longer than the leaves, sessile, many-
flowered: flowers very small, most of them caducous: calyx-segments long
and subulate: legumes few, scattered on the rachis, linear, nearly quite
straight, slightly drooping, obscurely 4-angled, many-seeded : sutures thick-
ened.—Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5467 ; Wight! cat. n. 865.—— Dindygul

638. (22) I. flaccida (Koen. :) suffruticose, sparingly covered with adpressed
short hairs: stems and branches usually weak, the former terete, the latter j
angled: leaves pinnated; leaflets 2-3-pair, opposite, oval, acute, bristle-
pointed : stipules long, setaceous, erect: racemes peduncled, elongated, twice
the length of the leaves: flowers small, recurved, rather distant: calyx-seg-
ments long and subulate: legumes scattered on the lower half of the rachis,
drooping, ong-linear, slender, 4-angled, pointed, many-seeded.— Roab. ! ka
herb. Smith ; hort. Bengh. p. 98 ; f. Ind. 9. p. 875 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 3845
Wall.! L. n. 5475; Wight! cat. n. 850, 854.—1. scabra, Roth. nov. sp. p. 359 5
DC. prod. 2. p. 229 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 277.——Samulcottah. Dindygul hills.

This differs from the last by the peduncled racemes, and legumes twice T
long in proportion to their breadth.

* 639 (23) I. Kleinii (W. & A.:) herbaceous, procumbent : stems terete,
glabrous below, sprinkled with adpressed hairs above: leaves pinnated 5
leaflets alternate, about 9, obovate-oblong, glaucous and strigose beneath.
stipules lanceolate, subulate at the point: racemes peduncled, equal to the
leaves, many-flowered: flowers small: calyx deeply 5-cleft ; segments ec
late: legumes crowded, imbricately reflexed, straight, linear, 4-angled, WI
a subulate rigid straight point: seeds 8-10, 4-sided, truncated at both ends.
—MWight ! cat. n. 855.—I. prostrata, Klein !.

From an almost illegib’ label accompanying the only specimen we have
seen, this seems to have been collected in Ceylon.

640. (24) I. hirsuta (Linn.:) annual or biennial, erect, branched, every
where except the leaves covered with soft spreading hairs: leaves pinnated ;
leaflets opposite, 2-5-pairs, oblong-obovate, the terminal one the largest ;
upper surface sparingly, the under densely clothed with adpressed silky ipe
stipules long, setaceous : racemes dense, peduncled, elongated, usually longer
than the leaves, many-flowered : flowers small: calyx deeply 5-cleft ; 568-7
ments about as long as the corolla, subulate, hairy: legumes imbricate:
flexed, straight, 6-8 times as long as broad, 4-angled, mucronate, V! on

CuiToRIA. LEGUMINOS. 205

4—6-seeded : seeds 4-sided, truncated at both ends.—Linn.! sp. p. 1862 ; DC.
prod. 2. p. 228; Spr. syst. 3. p. 276; Lam. ill. t. 626. f. 3; Rowxb.! fl. Ind. 3.
p. 376; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 385 ; Wall.! L:n. 5450; Wight! cat. n. 862.—
Burm. Zeyl. t. 14; Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 30.

I. barbata, Desv. in ann. sc. nat. 9. p. 410, agrees so well in almost every
point with our plant, that we feel almost disposed to doubt of the Brazilian
locality, and to refer it here.

XII. CLITORIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 609 ; Gaertn. fr. 2. t. 149.

Calyx 5-cleft, furnished at the base with pretty large very obtuse brac-
teoles. Vexillum large, rounded. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), inserted
with the corolla a little above the base (not into the bottom) of the calyx.
Style somewhat dilated at the apex. Legume linear, compressed, straight,
2-valved; united with the base of the style, 1-celled, many-seeded, often with
cellular partitions between the seeds.—Climbing herbaceous plants. Leaves
unequally pinnated: leaflets often 1-pair, more rarely 2-3-pairs, generally
furnished with partial stipules at their base. Flowers axillary, pedicellate,
large, white or blue or purple, often resupinate.

641. (1) C. Ternatea (Linn. :) stem twining, pubescent: leaflets 2-3-pairs,
oval or ovate: partial stipules setaceous: peduncles short, axillary, solitary,
1-flowered: bracteoles large, roundish: flowers resupinate: legumes slightly
pubescent.— Linn. ! in herb. Herm.! ; DC. prod. 2. p. 283; Spr. syst. 3. p.
256; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 821 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab, 408 ; Wall. ! L. n. 5344 ;
Wight! cat. n. 870.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 885 Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 31.

XIII. PUERARIA. DC.

Calyx campanulate, with two caducous bracteoles at its base, somewhat
2-lipped : the upper lip entire or slightly 2-toothed ; the lower trifid. Corolla
papilionaceous : keel straight, obtuse: vexillum obovate. Stamens monadel-
phous below the middle, the tenth often free upwards. Legume flat, com-
pressed, attenuated at the base, pointed with the style, 2-valved, continuous
(DC.). Seeds several .—T wining shrubs. Stipules deciduous, free from the
petiole. Leaves trifoliolate : leaflets large, ovate, acute, reticulately veined,
with partial stipules at their base. Racemes compound, branched. Flowers
pedicellate, in pairs or threes.

b. De Candolle separates this from Desmodium on account of the fruit, yet adds,

ctus non satis notus.” We consider it doubtful as to species: the women and
perhaps only true one, has perhaps continuous legumes, but, according to Roxburgh,
they are much contracted between the seeds.

, 642. (1) P. tuberosa (DC. :) root tuberous, very large : stems woody, twin-
mg: leaflets roundish, pubescent above, beneath silky-villous: stipules cor-
te : racemes simple or branched, the length of the leaves, from the cicatrices
of the fallen leaves: flowers (blue) in threes: calyx 4-cleft, silky ; segments
about equal, ovate, the upper one the broadest and almost entire : legumes
Very hairy, linear, pointed, 2-6-seeded, much contracted between the seeds.
— DC. prod. 2. p. 240 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 275 ; Wall. ! L. n. 5352.—Hedysa-
rum tuberosum, Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 3. p. 363 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 400 ; Willd. sp.
P. 1197.—Kadsumi, Banks, Icon. Kempf. tab. 25.—Cirears. :
À rare species, a native of valleys far up amon the mountains. It
owers during the hot season, at which time it is perfectly naked of leaves,
being deciduous about the beginning of the cold season.”—Roxs,

206 LEGUMINOS E. GALACTIA.

XIV. DUMASIA. DC.

Calyx cylindrical, obliquely truncated, not toothed, gibbous and with two
minute subulate bracteoles at its base. Corolla papilionaceous ; the claws of
the petals the length of thescalyx: limb of the vexillum cordate-oval: keel
obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), all fertile. Style filiform at the
base and apex, dilated above the middle. Stigma blunt. Legume attenuated
at the base, 2-valved,,compressed, few-seeded, contracted between the seeds.
—Twining herbaceous or suffrutescent plants. Stems terete. Leaves pin-
nately trifoliolate : leaflets ovate. Racemes axillary. Legumes clothed with
a short dense pubescence.

643. (1) D. congesta (Graham :) branches, petioles, peduncles, and leaves,
shortly villous : leaflets ovate, slightly inclining to lanceolate : racemes longer
than the leaves, many-flowered: ale and keel strongly cohering for a little
space by their limb.—Graham! in Wall.! L.n. 5524; Wight ! cat. n. 749.—
Neelgherries.

We can scarcely point out-a character to separate this from D. villosa of
De Candolle, unless that our species has always the adult leaves more or less
villous instead of being nearly glabrous, as in the other. The length of the
legume is not sufficiently constant to afford characters.

XV. GALACTIA. P. Browne.

Calyx with 2 small acute bracteoles at its base, 4-cleft ; segments acute,
nearly equal. Corolla papilionaceous : petals oblong (always ?), 5, distinct
or the keel-petals slightly cohering at the apex ; vexillum incumbent, broader
than the others. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), all fertile. Legume terete
or compressed, several-seeded, 2-valved, 1-celled, elongated.—Shrubby, suf-
fruticose, or herbaceous twining plants. Leaves pinnated : leaflets 1 or more
pairs with an odd one, with partial stipules at their base. Racemes axillary.

That the following ought to be united to the genus we have some doubts: but we
believe that very similar species from the West pm are referred here by authors.
The legume is coriaceous, and nearly that of Clitoria. They may at all events
form a subgenus.

Sub-Gen. CaMPESIA. Stems twining, filiform, terete : leaves pinnately trifoliolate :
leaflets slightly coriaceous, mucronate, prominently reticulated with veins: racemes
longer than the leaves, interrupted: flowers 2-4 together: calyx 4-cleft; segments
lanceolate-subulate, convolute and flexuose by drying; lateral ones the smaller; up-
per one the longest: ale shorter than the vexillum and keel: style glabrous, nearly

acute: legumes erect, compressed, pubescent, 4-8seeded, with cellular partitions
between the seeds.

644. (1) G. tenuiflora (W. & A.:) branches slight] bescent: leaflets
from oval to oblong-lanceolate ; abis. side bro iiie ; under with ad-

5511.— Teramnus tenuiflorus, Spr. syst. 3. p. 235.—Robinia filiformis, 029.
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 406.—8 ; leaflets oval or oblong-oval, the terminal one
roundish-cuneate at the base.— Wight! cat. n. 875.—— Colemala.

A species before us (G. longiflora, herb. Arn.) from St Vincent's, ap roaches
to our var. £, but the leaflets are all retuse or rounded at the base, the caly*

Suurteria. LEGUMINOSE. 207

tubular, and the corolla about an inch long; while in G. tenuiflora, as well
as in the following species, it is not half an inch.

645. (2) G. villosa (W. & A.:) branches more or less villous : leaflets oval,
obtuse, or slightly retuse at both ends; upper side softly pubescent, under
villous: calyx softly hairy, campanulate.— Wight! cat. n. 939.—Glycine te-
nuiflora, Wall. ! L. n. 5509, b, c.—G. filiformis, Wall.! L. n. 5510. (partly).

When the leaves are old, they become much more glabrous, especially
those near the root ; but G. tenuiflora has them villous at no period.

XVI. SHUTERIA. W.& A.

Calyx 4-cleft ; segments acuminated, entire, the inferior and superior longer
than the lateral ones: bracteoles 2 at the base of the calyx, scarious, subulate,
and nearly the length of the tube. Corolla papilionaceous, twice the length
of the calyx: petals long-unguiculate: keel of one piece, shorter than and
free from the alee: vexillum without callosities, the margins bent back. Sta-
mens diadelphous (9 and 1) all fertile. Style compressed, glabrous, elon-
gated, after flowering somewhat flexose. Stigma capitate. Legume linear,
compressed, hairy, continuous, 5-6-seeded, with cellular partitions between
the seeds.— T wining. Branches, petioles and racemes covered with spreading
hairs. Stipules and bracteas lanceolate, scariose, striated. Leaves pinnately
trifoliolate : leaflets with subulate partial stipules at the base: lateral ones ovate
or oval, terminal one rhomboidal. Racemes axillary, shorter than the leaves,
many-flowered: flowers pedicellate.

i : i : r satisfied
cp rer pp aie fo nash ST van a
ever, in the two and the nervation of the leaflets are altogether different. So far as

We can judge from the description and figure, Glycine involucrata, Wall. pl. As. rar. 3.
p. 22. t. AL. is a species of Shuteria.
, 946. (1) S. vestita (W. & A.) leaflets slightly hairy on both sides, but par-
ticularly beneath, slightly acute and evidently mucronate, lateral ones ovate :
flowers 2 or more from each bractea: calyx very hairy.— Wight ! cat. n. 873.
—Glycine vestita, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5512.—Dindygul hills, at an
elevation of 2500 feet.
647. (2) S. glabrata (W. & A.:) leaflets glabrous on both sides, sprinkled
with spreading hairs along the margin, obtuse, inconspicuously mucronate ;
lateral ones oval: flowers solitary from each bractea: calyx glabrous or j.
sprinkled with a very few hairs.— Wight ! cat. n. 992.—Cunnawady. Je. «c JE, 744.

XVII. NOTONIA. W.& A.

Calyx deeply 5-cleft ; segments slender, subulate, nearly equal, the lower
one slightly the longest, the two upper combined to above the middle : brac-
teoles 2, subulate, as long as the calyx, situated immediately below its base.

rolla papilionaceous, shorter than the calyx: vexillum oblong-obovate,
Without callosities, nearly twice the length of the other petals: keel of one
Piece, obtuse, free from the ake. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), all fertile.
Style ensiform, glabrous, attenuated upwards. Stigma capitate. Legume li-
neat, pointed with the base of the style, hairy, 4—5-seeded, with cellular par-
titions between the seeds. Seeds flattish, peritropal—T wining suffrutescent
Plants. Stems, petioles, and peduncles, covered with reflexed brownish hairs.
Stipules lanceolate, scarious, striated. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate: leaflets
more or less clothed with adpressed hairs, roundish or ovate, cuneiform and

208 | LEGUMINOS X. Gori

3-nerved at the base ; the nerves beneath and margin villous : partial stipules
2, subulate, below the base of the leaflets. Racemes axillary ; at first dense,
short, and comose (from the length of the subulate hairy bracteas, bracteoles
and calyx-segments) ; afterwards much elongated and distant-flowered, par-
ticularly in the lower part. Legumes reflexed.

This and the last genus we have named respectively after Mr Noton (to whom
the botany of the Neelgherry hills owes much), and the late Dr Shuter, naturalist on
the Madras establishment. Perhaps we may be censured for creating two genera
on apparently so slight characters as we have given; and had the Linnean genus
Glycine been kept entire, we would have referred them there, but that has long ago
been broken up, and the definitions given to each of the separated portions will not
accord with either of our two. Dr Graham has referred the present to Soja, but the
fruit, which he had probably not seen, is much at variance, and brings it to the group
of the Clitoriee.

648. (1) N. Wightii (W. & A.:)—#; hairs on the stems shorter and more
deflexed: calyx-segments and corolla longer—Wight! cat. n. 871.—Soja
Wightii, Graham! in Wall.! L.n.5530.—8; hairs on the stems longer and
almost horizontal ; calyx-segments and corolla shorter.— Wight ! cat. n. 87. 2.
— Soja javanica, Gr.! in Wall.! L. n. 5528.—Glycine javanica, Linn.?; herb.
Heyne.——Dindygul hills. Mysore. Colemala.

XVIII. GLYCINE. Linn. (partly).

Calyx somewhat bilabiate ; upper lip bifid; lower trifid, more deeply cleft
than the upper: segments lanceolate, acute. Bracteoles 2 at the base of the
calyx, short, lanceolate. Corolla papilionaceous : vexillum without callosi-
ties, emarginate, the sides bent back: keel never spirally twisted, obtuse, of
one piece, free from the al, and shorter than them and the vexillum. Sta-
mens 10, monadelphous, 5 alternately shorter, and occasionally without an-
thers ; tube cleft in front. Ovarium oblong, obtuse. Style short, slightly
curved, glabrous. Stigma slightly capitate, pruinose. Legume linear, com-
pressed-cylindrical, nearly straight, ending in a shortish bent-up rigid point
(the thickened and hardened base of the style), 2-valved, many-seeded, conti-
nuous with cellular partitions between the seeds: valves convex.—Herbaceous
or suffrutescent, twining, more or less hairy plants. Stems covered with short
reflexed hairs. Stipules lanceolate, small. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate:
leaflets with 2 minute setaceous partial stipules near their base. Racemes
axillary, interrupted: flowers pinkish, 2-3 together, the fascicles rather dis-
tant.

We have presumed to alter the generic character give andolle, in order
to include almost the nd patent species he penini irpan j Anges: we have never
seen a plant agreeing with the definition in his Prodromus, and Mémoires sur
Legumineuses : it seems to have been drawn up from different species; the diadelphor
stamens, the filiform style, and the 1 e without partitions, belonging proba ly to
more than one genus, while the hooked mucro above refers to the Linnean G- labialis.

649. (1) G. labialis (Linn.:) stems slightly hairy: leaflets ovate-oblong»
slightly coriaceous ; hu side glabrous and shining; under pale green, SP?
ringly hairy: calyx with short adpressed whitish hairs: legumes with short
adpressed pubescence, short-pointed.—Linn.! suppl. p. 325 ; Roxb. fl. Int. -
p. 318; Wight ! cat. n. 877.—G. pentandra, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 407.
—C. debilis. Ait.; DC. prod. 2. p. 241.—G. parviflora, Lam. enc. meti „2
p. 738; DC. l. c. p. 242; Wall.! L. n. 5508 (exclud. h, partly).—G. filifor-
mis, Wall.! L. n. 5510 (partly).—G. pallens, Graham ? in Wall. L. n. 5518.
~-Teramnus labialis, Spr. syst. 3. p. 285.—T. parviflorus, Spr. l. c-

PsEUDARTHRIA. LEGUMINOS XE. ` 209

Roxburgh describes and figures this diadelphous: we have uniformly found
it monadelphous, and almost always with five of the anthers represented by
mere glands. ** Wings projecting, horizontal, hiding the keel, which makes
the flowers appear two-lipped rather than papilionaceous.”—Roxs.

,650. (2) G. mollis (W. & A.:) stems clothed with long hairs: leaflets
broadly ovate or elliptical, thin; upper side sprinkled with longish, under
with short adpressed hairs: calyx about the length of the corolla, very hairy ;
hairs on the tube patent, on the segments erect : legumes with short ad-
pressed pubescence, long-pointed.—Wight ! cat. n. 876.—G. parviflora, var:
mollis, Graham ! in Wall.! L: n. 5508. g (from Prome), A.

XIX. PSEUDARTHRIA. W.& A.

Calyx obscurely 2-lipped to about the middle: upper lip bifid: lower 3-
partite, the middle segment the longest. Corolla papilionaceous : petals near-
ly equal in length; vexillum roundish; keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous
(9and 1). Ovarium hairy ; ovules several, attached by longish podosperms.
Style filiform, shortish. Stigma capitate. Legume continuous, 1-celled,
membranaceous, transversely reticulated with veins, covered with hooked
hairs, flat, linear, roundish at the apex with a short point about its middle.
Seeds alternate, compressed, somewhat reniform.—Diffuse or erect perennial -
plants, with the habit of Desmodium. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate: leaflets
when young, very villous on the under side, with two subulate partial stipules
on the petioles a little below their base. Stipules lanceolate-subulate, sca-
riose, striated. Racemes axillary or terminal, simple of branched. Flowers
purple, in threes from each bractea (the middle one usually abortive), on
longish pedicels, jointed close under the calyx with the pedicel, and easily
breaking off from it.

Of this genus we have received another species from our friend Dr Hooker, mark-

ed as cultivated in the Mauritius, from Zanzebar. In it, which we propose to name

- Hookeri, the stem appears erect; the lateral leaflets are rg tree terminal one

oblong-ovate ; all hispid. on the upper side, and densely villous on the urider ; the ra-

cemes are short; bracteas lanceolate-subulate like the stipules; and legumes 6-8-

Seeded, and about 8 times longer than broad: From the mere glance we had of
ia pilosa, Wall. L. n. 5499, it likewise appears to be a congener.

651. (1) P. viscida (W. & A.:) diffuse, prostrate ; lateral leaflets obliquely
ovate, terminal one rhomboid-ovate, pubescent on the upper surface, when
old shortly villous on the under: racemes filiform, elongated : bracteas subu-
late: legumes 3-4-seeded, 3-4 times longer than broad.— Wight! cat. n. 829.
—Hedysarum, no. 295, Linn.! in herb. Herm. and fl. Zeyl.—H. viscidum,
Linn,! syst. pl. 3. p. 506; Roxb.! fl. Ind. 3. p. 356.—H. prostratum, Roxb.
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 404.—Desmodium viscidum, DC. prod. 2. p. 836;
Wall.! L. n. 5698.—Rhynchosia viscida, DC. l. c. p. 387.—Glycine viscida,
Willd. in nov. act. nat. cur. 4. 1803, p. 208 ; Pers. syn. 2. p. 300; Spr. syst. 3.
P. 196.— Burm. Zeyl. t: 84. f. 1.

D. Stems herbaceous, shrubby, or arborescent: primordial leaves either alternate or op-
posite, dissimilar, the one simple, the other pinnated : stamens diadelphous, more
rarely monadelphous : legumen continuous. Galegese, Brown. *

XX. TEPHROSIA. Pers.
Calyx without bracteoles, about equally 5-toothed or 5-cléft. "Vexillum
1 ongin T Colutea Wightiana, Graham! iit
Wall "n n bog x cultivar: fn om the ne S E Sutherlandia frutescens of Brown.
o

vil. c JH

E 220.

210 LEGUMINOSA, TEPHROSIA-

large, roundish, usually silky or pubescent on the outside, spreading or re-
flexed: keel obtuse, cohering with the ale. Stamina variously united, mo-
nadelphous, or diadelphous, the upper filament sometimes half-united with
the others. Style filiform. Stigma terminal. Legume generally sessile and
flatly compressed, linear, many-seeded: valves usually flat. Seeds com-
pressed.—Shrubs or herbaceous plants, erect, or rarely climbing? Stipules
free from the petiole, lanceolate or subulate, never sagittate. Leaves un-
equally pinnated, sometimes reduced to a single leaflet. Racemes terminal,
axillary, or opposite to the leaves. Flowers white or purplish.

T. pulchra, Graham! in Wall. L. n. 5630, appears to.us a species of Dalbergia
(D. tephrosioides, W. & A.)

$ 1. Racemes erect, often panicled: calyx truncated or shortly 5-toothed : sta-
mens monadelphous : legumes sometimes torulose.—Mundulea, DC.

652. (1) T. suberosa (DC.:) arborescent, erect, branched; ends of the
branchesand young shoots tomentose : bark corky, cracked: leaves pinnated;
leaflets 6-10 pair, elliptie-oblong, obtuse, mucronulate ; upper side almost

brous and somewhat shining ; under clothed with a silky adpressed pu-

ence: racemes terminal ; flowers large, in pairs, long-pedicelled: calyx
campanulate, shortly 5-toothed: keel straightish ; vexillum pubescent: style
glabrous : legume long, straight, silky-pubescent, irregularly contracted be-
tween the seeds.—DC. prod. 2: p. 249 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 274; Wall.! L. n.
5628: Wight! cat. n. 882, 883.—T. sericea, DC. 1. c. (not Pers. nor DC. I. €.
p. 255) ; Wall.! L. n. 5629.—Cytisus sericeus, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1121; Spr.
syst. 3. p, 225.—Robinia suberosa, Rozb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 327 ; in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 1275.—R. sennoides, Roxb. fi. Ind. 3. p. 328. Alpine valleys in My-
sore, Madura, Tinnevelly, and northern Circars (not in Tranquebar).

* 653. (2) T. candida (DC. :) shrubby, erect, branched; young shoots
villous : leaves pinnated ; leaflets 9-11 pair, oblong-lanceolate, acute, mucro-
nate; upper side glabrous ; under pale, with adpressed silky hairs: racemes
terminal or axillary, usually short and few-flowered, sometimes more elon-
gated: flowers large, drooping, on longish pedicels, fascicled: calyx campa-
nulate, shortly 5-toothed : keel faleate towards the apex; vexillum silky:
style hairy, bent into a right angle: legume linear, very compressed, slightly
curved, long-pointed, clothed with rusty adpressed pubescence.—DC. prod.
2. p. 249; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 274; Wall.! L. n. 5627 ; Wight ! cat. n. 886.—
Robinia candida, Roxb. Jl. Ind. 3. p. 327 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1274.—Galega

arborescens, herb. Madr.!— —Missionaries Garden (introduced from the
Peninsula ?).

654. (3) T. fusca (W. & A. :) shrubby, erect, branched ; branches and
young parts tomentose : leaves pinnated 3 leaflets 6-9 pair, oblong-linear, ob-
tuse at both ends, mucronate ; upper side pubescent; under woolly: sti-
pules lanceolate : racemes terminal, short : flowers in pairs, longish pedicelled,
some of the lower ones axillary: calyx villous, campanulate, 5-cleft ; LI.
ments shortish, broad : legume linear, compressed between the seeds, pom y
curved, long-pointed, copiously clothed with adpressed silky hairs.— Wi

cat. n. 885.—T. argentea, Wight! in Wall! L, n. 5648 (not .Pers.)——
Dindygul hills.

The whole plant is of a dark or dirty-grey colour.

, 655. (4) T. racemosa (W. & A.:) shrubby, climbing: bark scabrous:
leaves pinnated ; leaflets 6 pair, oval, acute, glabrous : stipules subulate : rà"
cemes axillary, many-flowered, long, rather shorter than the leaves: flowers
large, solitary : calyx campanulate, slightly 5-toothed : vexillum emarginate 5
alee faleate : ovary surrounded at the base by a cup-shaped crenulated tube =

TEPHROSIA. LEGUMINOSÆ. ; 211

legumes straight, drooping, torulose, flat between the seeds: seeds 5-6 dis-
tant.—Robinia racemosa, Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 329.—R. Galuga, Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 300. Forests in the Circar mountains. :

This species we have characterised from Roxburgh’s description and
drawing: he represents the stamens diadelphous, but this may be a mistake,
as he does the same in some other of his species of Robinia, where they are
certainly monadelphous. Dr Graham in Wall. L. n. 5914, refers it to his
Pongamia racemosa, from which genus the fruit removes it very widely.

$2. Calyx segments linear-subulate : stamens either monadelphous or diadel-
phous: legumes flat.—hReineria, Mench.

656. (5) T. tinctoria (Pers. :) shrubby, erect, branched, everywhere except
the upper surface of the leaves clothed with a silky white or fulyous tomen-
tum: branches flexuose : stipules linear-lanceolate : leaves pinnated ; leaflets
1-6 pairs, or occasionally reduced to the terminal leaflet, oblong-oval, ter-
minal one longest, the lower pair at the base of the petiole and smaller than
the others; upper side glabrous, under white and tomentose: peduncles
usually longer than the leaves, axillary, erect, bearing a short spike-like ra-
ceme at the apex: calyx-segments subulate: flowers small, on pedicels
shorter than the bracteas: vexillum silky: legumes flat, nearly straight,
spreading, unilateral, 8-12-seeded.—Pers. syn. 2. p. 329 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 252 ;
Spr: syst. 3. p. 233.—T. hypargyrea, DC. l. c. p. 253; Spr. syst.s uppl. p. 274.
—T. nervosa, Pers. l c., p. 828; DC. 1. c. p. 254.—a ; branches shorter, more
rigid: hairs on the young parts fulvous: leaflets shorter, smaller, half an
inch to an inch and quarter long, more coriaceous.— Wight! cat. n. 887, pre

.890.—T. Heyneana, Wall.! L. n. 5631. d, f.—T. intermedia, Graham ! in
Wall.! L.n. 5632.— Cracca, n. 302, Linn. ! in herb. Herm.! ; fl. Zeyl. p. 141.
—Galega tinctoria, Linn. sp. p. 1063.—5; branches longer, more pliant :

on the young parts soft, and white: leaves usually pinnated ; leaflets

long, an inch and a half to three inches long, thinner.— Wight! cat. n. 889,
891.— T. Heyneana, Wall.! L. n. 5631. a, b, c, e.—Galega Heyneana, Roxb. fi:
Ind. 3. p. 384 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1629.—y ; leaves simple ; lateral leaflets
wanting.— Wight! cat. n. 881.— T. Grahamii, Wall! L.n.5652.— —^, Din-
Ei hills. Neeleherries.—2, y, Mysore. :

e Linnæan plant in Hermann's herbarium belongs to our variety a; and
Corresponds precisely with Wight's cat. n. 887; Roxburgh's drawing and
Specimen of his Galega Heyneana is n. 891. A most beautiful but very va-
Mable species: our specimens exhibit all the different gradations from sim-
ple leaves to 6 pairs of leaflets ; indeed one individual before us has one
leaf simple, while all the others are pinnated. T; Grahamii (Wight’s cat. n:
881), seems always to have simple leaves, and they are occasionally more
acute than in any of the other states ; but on it, other leaves present pre-
cisely the same form as the accidental simple leaves in Wight's cat. n. 891; —
(corresponding to Wall. L. n. 5631. a, c.) All the above forms agree ^ut

€ character we have given ; thenervation and texture is the same: we have
even found it almost impossible to separate them into varieties. T. coccinea,
Wall.! L, n, 5633, differs principally from our species by the leaflets being
obovate-retuse, and the raceme itself elongated. T. brachystachya, A z i
pears to be closely allied, but the character given presents a very indefinite
idea of the species. "i

. 657. (8) T. senticosa (Pers.:) shrubby, diffuse, nearly glabrous: leaves
Pinnated : Ae 1-8 s mr eo de terminal one the largest : rdg
side glabrous, under whitish with a very fine pubescence: stipules — :

°wers in pairs, axillary, towards the extremities of the branches, «ior ed
sile calyx-segments subulate : legumes compressed, glabrous, slightly curve
at the point.— Pers. syn. 2. p. 380; DC. prod. 2. p. 255; Spr. syst. 3. p. 233.

N 1 o2

212 LEGUMINOSAE. TEPHROSIA.

—Cracca, n. 308, Linn. ! in herb. Herm.! ; fl. Zeyl. p. 141.—Galega senticosa,
Linn.! amen. 3. p. 19. ;

We have introduced this although only known hitherto as a Ceylon plant,
as it is most probably found likewise on the Peninsula. Our character is de-
rived entirely from the original specimens in Hérmann's herbarium ; we have
suspicions, however, that the legumes may be sometimes more pubescent,
and the leaves more silky beneath, when T. biflora, DC., or Galega biflora,
Poir., might be referred to it.

658. (7) T. Hookeriana (W. & A.:) shrubby, diffuse ; branches, petioles,
and peduncles tomentose : leaves pinnated ; leaflets 5-7 pairs, from oval to
oblong-obovate ; upper side softly pubescent; under strongly marked with
veins, clothed with silvery hairs: stipules short-lanceolate, erect: racemes
terminal, elongated, interrupted, many-flowered: flowers fascicled, nearly
sessile: calyx covered with short white tomentum, campanulate, 5-cleft:
segments lanceolate-subulate, the length of the tube : vexillum silky : legumes
linear, nearly straight, drooping, softly and densely pubescent, acuminated
at the point.— Wight! cat. n. 884.—T. Colutea, Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 5647
(not DC.)——Trichinopoly.

659. (8) T. incana (Graham :) shrubby, diffuse, every where except the
upper surface of the leaves tomentose or woolly: leaves pinnated ; leaflets
about 6 pair, obovate, retuse ; upper side pubescent or silky, under woolly:
stipules lanceolate, reflexed: racemes terminal, elongated, interrupted, many-
flowered : flowers fascicled, almost sessile: calyx villous, with long fulvous
hairs ; segments subulate, several times longer has the tube: vexillum silky:
legumes deflexed and faleately curved upwards, obtuse, densely fulvous-
woolly, 6-8-seeded.— Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5644; Wight ! cat. n. 938.—
T. Colutea, DC.? prod. 2. p. 252; Spr.? syst. 3. p. 233.—Galega incana,
Roxb.! fl. Ind. 3. p. 388; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1628.—Galega Colutea, Willd.?
sp. 3. p. 1246 (excl. syn.)—G. villosa, Ham. in Linn. soc. trans. 13. p. 541.

Our specimens agree with Roxburgh’s figure and description, and hence
we have adopted the specific name incana. This seems, however, to be also
Galega colutea of Willdenow, but he does not appear to have seen the le-
gumes, that part of his character being derived from Burmann, whose descrip-
tion again is obviously taken up, not from specimens, but from Plukenets
figure, which belongs to Indigofera viscosa. Teph. Colutea of Persoon, De
Candolle, and Sprengel, has been adopted entirely from Willdenow, 80 that
the erroneous description of the legume is found in all these authors.

660. (9) T. argentea (Pers:) shrubby, diffuse and almost prostrate, stems
and branches clothed with white dations hairs: leaves pinriated ; leaflets
6-8 pair, cuneate-oblong, obtuse. or retuse ; upper side scarcely pubescent ;
under white with long adpressed silky hairs, inconspicuously marked with
veins: stipules lanceolate-subulate, patent or reflexed, rigid: racemes termi-
nal, interrupted, many-flowered: flowers fascicled, shortly pedicelled: calyx
white-villous, deeply 5-cleft ; segments subulate, 2-3 times longer than the
tube, lower one the longest: legume drooping and curved upwards, linear,
obtuse, white-woolly, about 6-seeded.— Pers. syn. 2. p. 329 ; DC. prod. 2.
p. 252 Po nit d hare 3 Wight! cat. n. 893.—T. villosa, Wall. ! vn
5645. a (partly, in herb. Graham).— Gale . meth. 2. p. 999-
—G. barba-jovis, Burm. ff. Ind. HS. ORAE

661. (10) T. villosa (Pers.:) shrubby, diffuse, flexuose: branches, petioles,
and peduncles, hoary with silky pubescence, or sometimes slightly tomentose-
leaves pinnated ; leaflets 6-8 pair, narrow cuneate, obtuse or retuse 5 upper
side nearly glabrous; under strongly striated with veins, more or less C07
prossly akea with short adpressed silvery silky hairs: stipules lanceo-
ate-subulate, reflexed: racemes terminal, elongated, interrupted, many-
flowered : flowers fascicled, almost sessile : calyx villous, deeply cleft; 5°”

b

TEPHROSIA. LEGUMINOSAE. 213

ments subulate, several times longer than the tube: vexillum silky: legumes
deflexed, and faleately curved upwards, obtuse, woolly (fulvous or white),
6-8-seeded.— Pers. syn. 2. p. 329 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 251; Spr. syst. 3. p. 233 ;
Wall.! L. n. 5645 ; Wight! cat. n. 892, 894.— Cracca, n. 299, Linn.! fl. Zeyl.
p. 139.—G. villosa, Linn. sp. p. 1063; Roxb.! ft. Ind. 3. p. 387.—0. hirta,
Ham. in Linn, Soc. Trans. 13. p. 546.— Pluk. t. 59. f. 6. (from a poor speci-
men); Burm. zeyl. t. 33. (good).

Perhaps this and the two last are varieties of one species ; their aspect is
more different than might be inferred from the characters.

662. (11) T. diffusa (W. & A.:) shrubby, diffuse, procumbent, slender,
villous: leaves pinnated ; leaflets 5—10 pair, cuneate, retuse, clothed with
long adpressed hairs, particularly on the under side: stipules subulate: ra-
cemes opposite to the leaves, at first very short, afterwards more elongated
and with a small leaf at each pair of flowers: flowers small: calyx hairy,
deeply 5-cleft ; segments long, setaceous: vexillum hairy: legumes ascend-
ing, linear, nearly straight, compressed, more or less hairy —Wight! cat. n.
895.—T. parviflora, Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 5642.—Galega diffusa, Rob. fl.
Ind. 3. p. 387.—G. procumbens, Ham. in Linn. soc. trans. 18. p. 547.—G.
prostrata, Koen.; herb. Madr.!—Pluk. t. 52. f. 1. (good).

663. (12) T. purpurea (Pers.:) shrubby, somewhat erect, much branched ;
branches glabrous, pubescent, or slightly villous: leaves pinnated ; leaflets
cuneate-oblong or lanceolate; upper side usually glabrous, under more or
less pubescent: stipules subulate from a broad base: racemes leaf-opposed,
peduneled, often longer than the leaves, many-flowered : flowers on pedicels
longer than the bracteas, 2-3 together: calyx pubescent ; segments about the
length of the tube, subulate: corolla about 3 times the length of the calyx
tube; vexillum silky, bent back from near its base: legumes slightly com-
pressed, spreading, linear, slightly faleate, obtuse with a short point, at length
pubescent or glabrous.—z«; leaflets cuneate, retuse.— Wight! cat. n. 897, 898.
P purpurea, Pers. syn. 2. p. 329 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 251 ; Spr. syst. 3. p, 233;
Wall.! L. n. 5638.—T. stricta, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n.5639.—T. Wallichii,
Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5640.—T. lobata, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5646.—
T. Taylorii, Graham! in Wall.! L.n.5637.—T. tinctoria, Graham ! in Wall.!
L. n. 5643.—T. galegioides, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5649.—T. lancesefolia,
Link. enum, 2. p. 252; DC. l. c.—Craceca, n. 301, Linn.! in herb. Herm.! ;
fi. Zeyl. p. 140,—Galega purpurea, Linn. sp. p. 1063 ; Roxb, ! ft. Ind, 3. p. 386.
—G, Colonila, Ham. in Linn. soc. trans. 18. p. 545.—G, sericea, Ham.! l ¢.,
P. 544.—G. tinctoria, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 598. (not Linn.); Roxb. l. c.—Burm
Zeyl. t. 32; Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 55.—8; leaflets oblong-lanceolate.— Wight !
cat. n, 899.—T. lanceolata, Graham! in Wail.! L. n. 5636.—Galega lancese-
folia, a Jt. Ind. 3. p. 386.—G. ccerulea, herb. Rottl. !—— 4, very common.
—$, Circars.

The supposed type of this species has the whole plant, especially the stems
and legumes, almost glabrous ; but we have observed so many transitions be-
tween that state and those in which the stems might almost, be called villous
and the legumes decidedly pubescent, and forms as variable as the soil in
which this species is found, that we have been induced to neglect the pubes-
cence as a character insufficient to mark a variety. To the more or less pu-
bescent state, may be referred Wight’s cat. n. 898 (partly), T. a, ale
Wall. L. n. 5638. (partly), T. stricta, Gr., T. lobata, Gr., T. tinctoria, a
and to, the more densely pubescent or slightly villous Wight's cat. n.
(partly), T. Wallichii, Gr., and T. galegioides, Gr.

664. (13) T. maxima (Pers. :) shrubby, diffuse, procumbent; stems gla-
brous or sprinkled with spreading hairs: leaves pinnated ; leaflets cuneate,
emarginate; upper side glabrous, under thinly pubescent: stipules lanceo-
late-subulate, reflexed: racemes leaf-opposed, elongated, interrupted, bear-
ing usually a leaf at each of the lower fascicles of flowers : flowers on pedice}s

214 LEGUMINOS E. SEsBANIA,

longer than the bracteas, about 3 together: calyx pubescent ; segments seta-
ceous, about the length of the tube: corolla 5-6 times longer than the calyx
tube; vexillum silky, straight to near the apex: legumes almost flat, spread-
ing, linear, elongated, straight, long-pointed, at length slightly pubescent or
glabrous.— Pers. syn. 2. p. 329; DC. prod. 2. p. 252; Spr. syst. 3. p. 284;
Wight! cat. n. 896.—T. Mitchelii, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5641,—Cracea,
n. 300, Linn.! in herb. Herm.!; fl. Zeyl. p. 140.—Galega maxima, Linn. sp.
p. 1063, Arid soils.

We cannot find this in Roxburgh’s fl. Indica, although not unfrequent near
Samuleottah, where Roxburgh resided: perhaps he may have confounded it
with T. purpurea, to which it is so very closely allied that future discoveries
may bring to light intermediate forms.

665. (14) T. spinosa (Pers. :) shrubby ; branches numerous, woody, rigid,
spreading in every direction, clothed with white soft adpressed somewhat
cottony hairs: leaves pinnated ; leaflets 2-4 pair, cuneate, emarginate ; Up-
per side glabrous, under clothed with adpressed white silky hairs : stipules
subulate, patent, rigid, spinous (in the wild plant) ; flowers axillary, 1-2 to-
gether, short peduncled : calyx hairy; segments subulate, about the length
of the tube: vexillum hairy: legumes spreading, much compressed, linear,
falcate, more or less clothed with somewhat adpressed hairs, 6-8-seeded.—
Pers. syn. 2. p. 330; DC. prod. 2. p. 254; Spr. syst. 3. p. 233; Wall.! L. n.
5651; Wight! cat, n. 900.—T. pentaphylla, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5650.
—Galega spinosa, Linn.! suppl. p. 335; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 383; in E.L. C.
mus. tab. 409,—G, pentaphylla, Rowb.! fl. Ind, 3. p. 384; in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 1628. Arid soils. ;

Galega pentaphylla of Roxburgh is merely the cultivated state of this spe-
cies : the whole plant, and particularly the stipules, are less rigid, and the
leaves much larger than in the wild specimens, which is to be imputed to the

and richer soil of the Calcutta Botanic Garden.

+660. (15) T. subsessilis (Graham, )}—Grah. in Wall. L. n. 5969.

XXI, SESBANIA, Pers. |

Calyx 5-cleft or 5-toothed, lobes nearly equal, Corolla papilionaceous :
vexillum larger than the keel, roundish, with an adnate callous slightly folded
appendage on its claw: keel obtuse, the petals distinct at the base. Stamens
diadelphous (9 and 1), the sheath slightly auricled at the base. Legume li-
near, elongated,.slender, cylindrical or compressed, torulose, many-seeded,
much contracted between the seeds, but not truly jointed, —Shrubs or herba-
ceous plants. Cauline stipules lanceolate. Leaves abruptly pinnated ; leaflets
many pairs: petioles ending in a bristle point. Peduncles axillary, Flowers
racemose, usually yellow.

667. (1) S. Ægyptiaca (Pers.:) arborescent, unarmed, glabrous: jean
about three times longer than broad ; leaflets 10-18 pairs, oblong-linear, 9
tuse, slightly mucronate: racemes axillary, lax, pendulous, about the len;
of the leaves, 3-12-flowered: legumes nearly terete, twisting when pues
Pers. syn. 2. p. 316; DC. prod, 3. p. 264; Spr, syst. 3. p. 272; Wall. io
5656.— Mschynomene Sesban, Linn. sp. p. 1061; Rowb. fl. Ind. 8: p. 33 x
Æ. Indica, Burm. Ind. p. 169.—Coronilla Sesban, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1147.—Ph :
t. 164. f. 5 ; and t. 165. f. 2.— ; bicolor ; leaflets usually 15-18 pair ; vexti
purple on the outside.— Wight ! cat. n. 906.— Esehynomene Suyminta, ree
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 295.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 27 (bad).—48; concolor ; leanew.
10-12 pairs: vexillum yellow, speckled with black dots and lines.— Wight:
cat. n. 905.—Sesban, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 973.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 41. —

668. (2) S. aeuleata (Pers.:) herbaceous, annual, erect, sparingly branched; :

Acati. LEGUMINOSA. 215

glabrous: stem and petioles usually sprinkled with minute cartilaginous
points: leaves 8-10 times longer than broad ; leaflets 20—40 pairs, linear, ob-
tuse, mucronate: racemes axillary, peduncled, erect, lax, often about half
the length of the leaves; few-flowered: flowers pretty large (more than half
an inch long), on slender pedicels: corolla about 4 times the length of the
calyx: legumes erect, nearly terete, sharp-pointed.— Pers. syn. 2. p. 316
(excl. syn.) ; DC. prod. 2. p. 265 (excl. syn.); Spr. syst. 3. p. 272 ; Wall. L.
n. 5655; Wight! cat. n. 904.— /Eschynomene spinulosa, Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p.
333 ; in. E. I. C. mus. tab. 2906.—/E. cannabina, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 335.—4E.
bispinosa, Jacq. ie. rar. 3. t. 564.— Coronilla aculeata, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1147.

S. affinis, Schrad., was probably raised from seeds of Roxburgh's ZEsch.
cannabina, and ought therefore to be referred here, but De Candolle describes
the legumes pendulous.

669. (3) S. cannabina (Pers.:) herbaceous, annual, erect, sparingly branch-
ed, glabrous: young parts sprinkled with minute cartilaginous points : leaves
8-10 times longer than broad; leaflets linear, obtuse, mucronate: racemes
axillary, nearly sessile, very short, 1—4-flowered: flowers small (scarcely a
quarter of an inch long), on short pedicels: corolla twice the length of the

. calyx: legumes erect, “ compressed-tetragonal," ( Wilid.)— Pers. syn. 2. p.
316; DC. prod. 2. p. 265 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 272; Wall.! L. n. 5657 ; Wight!
cat. n. 903.— Eschynomene cannabina, Retz. obs. 5. p. 26.—Coronilla canna-
bina, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1148. d

S. cochinchensis, DC., or Coronilla cochinchensis, Lour., appears to be this
species, which we have from China ; nor is there almost any thing of conse-
quence in Loureiro's description at variance.

t 670. (4) S. procumbens (W. & A.:) “ annual, diffuse, somewhat armed
with inoffensive prickles : leaflets minute, about 20 pairs: peduncles axillary,
short, 2-3-flowered : legumes linear, erect, cuspidate.’ Roxb.— Hschyno-
mene procumbens, Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 337.—E. diffusa, Roxb. in E. 5C.
ec tab. 297.—— Coromandel, on wet pasture land, borders of rice fields,

e.

Roxburgh compares this with his Æ. uliginosa (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 974),
which, a i also a species of Sesbania, is by no means the same as S.
uliginosa of authors. So far as we can judge from descriptions, the two plants
of Roxburgh form but one species ; nor is there any other difference pointed
out except that Æ. uliginosa (from Calcutta) has * twice the number of leaflets
to the leaf, and more than twice the number, of flowers to the raceme.

XXII. AGATI. Adans.; Desv.; DC.

Calyx campanulate, slightly 2-lipped; upper lip with 2, under with 3
short obtuse broad teeth. Corolla papilionaceous. Vexillum oval, oblong,
shorter than the oblong ale: keel large, faleate, obtusely acuminated, its pe-
tals free at the base and apex. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), slightly pro-
truded: sheath with large auricles at the base. Style filiform. Legume at-
tenuated at the base into a stalk, linear, elongated, a little compressed, many-
seeded, much contracted between the seeds, but not jointed. Seeds sepa-
rated by cellular partitions —Small trees of rapid growth and short duration.
Stipules lanceolate. Leaves abruptly pinnated ; leaflets many pair. Ra-
cemes axillary, 2-4-flowered. Flowers very large. Legumes pendulous,
upwards of a foot long.

à di ; .! L. n. 6654.—schynomene gran-
diner, die dns 3. aged ades 0. ; flowers white.—Wight P ati
n. 901.— A. grandiflora, Desv. in journ. Bot. 3. p. 1205; DC. prod. 2. p. 266.
—Eschynomene grandiflora, Linn. sp. p. 1050 ; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.

216 LEGUMINOS E. ORMACARPUM:

294.— Coronilla grandiflora, Willd. sp. p. 3. p. 1145.—Sesbania grandiflora,
Pers. syn. 2. p. 316 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 272.—_Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 51 3 Rumph. amb.
1. £. 76.—8 ; coccinea ; flowers red.— Wight ! cat. n. 902.—A. coccinea, Desv.
in journ. Bot. 3. p. 120; DC. prod. 2. p. 266.— /Eschynomene coccinea, Linn.
suppl. p. 330.—/E. grandiflora, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 294.* bis.—Coro-
nilla coccinea, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1146.—Sesbania coccinea, Pers. syn. 2. p. 316;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 272, — Rumph. amb. 1. t. 77. ae

We have never been able to persuade ourselves of the validity of the two
supposed species. Willdenow, trusting to the figures in Rumphius, has
stated the legumes of the first to be straight, of the other curved: some bo-
tanists assert those of the white one to be compressed, and of the red terete,
but Linnsus describes them in A. coccinea to be likewise compressed. Des-
vaux mentions that the leaves of the one kind are puberulous, of the other
glabrous: we find no difference in that respect ; and, in short, the only cer-
tain character between the two that we can give is the colour of the flowers.

SUBTRIBE IIIL.—HEDYSAREX. DC.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamina rarely distinct, usually either monadelphous
or diadelphóus (9 and 1, or 5 and 5), often somewhat persistent. Legume trans-
pce divided into several 1-seeded cells or joints, rarely 1-celled, and then always
l-seeded. Cotyledons flattish, during germination somewhat foliaceous.—The go
ral-seeded pag are usually readily distinguished by the above character; bu

those with 1 seed must be examined with more caution; such have however always,

we believe, the stamen-tube somewhat persistent.
A. Flowers usually racemose : legume compressed.—Euhedysaree. DC.

XXII. ORMOCARPUM. Beauv.

Calyx furnished with two persistent bracteoles at its base, 5-cleft, and
more or less evidently bilabiate ; all the segments acute. Corolla papiliona-
ceous: vexillum broad, entire: kecl obtuse, the petals slightly cohering at
the back. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1, or 5 and 5) Legume stalked,
composed of several joints : joints oblong, attenuated at both ends, a little
compressed, marked longitudinally with strie and warts, separating readily
from each other, l-seeded.—Shrubs. Leaves simple, or unequally pinnated :
leaflets not furnished with a prickly point, glabrous. Racemes short, few-
flowered, axillary.

O. sulcatum, Beauv., is, according to Desvaux, the same with Pictetia ternata, DC.,
but to which genus it belongs we have not materials to decide. The caducous brac-
teoles and want of warts to the fruit indicates a Pictetia; while, on the other hand.
if the fruit be sulcated longitudinally, as Beauvois says, it can scarcely be —
from Ormocarpum. We have extended the character of the genus to —
the Indian one, the structure of the pod being very different from that of Ascheno-
mene, with which the stamens would otherwise ally it. Perhaps it ought to form à

genus bearing the same relation to 4Eschynomene that O. verrucosum does to
modium.

672. (1) O. sennoides (DC. :) young shoots, petioles, peduncles, and calyx,
covered with soft glutinous hairs: leaves unequally pinnated ; leaflets alter-
nate, 4-6 pair, obovate, retuse, slightly mucronulate : calyx evidently bila-
biate: stamens equally diadelphous (5 and 5 ): legume 2-5-jointed ; joints
striated, armed with minute prickly warts.— DC. prod, 2. p. 815; Wall. ! L.
n. 5658; Wight! cat. n. 491.—Hedysarum sennoides, Willd. sp. 3. p. 12045
Spr. syst. 3. p. 314; Roab. fl. Ind. 3. P. 364.—H. Nalla-Kashina, Roxb. in
E “ine tab. 403.——Circars. Vendalore. Dre

dolle unites to this with doubt the O. cassioides, Desv., but Desva
asserts that they bear no relation to each other. i

ZoRNIA. ; LEGUMINOS A. 217

XXIV. ZORNIA. Gmel.

Calyx membranaceous, campanulate, divided in the middle into 2 lips ;
upper lip obtuse, emarginate ; lower 3-cleft. Corolla papilionaceous, inserted
into the bottom of the calyx. Vexillum orbicular, its sides revolute: keel-
petals lunulate, cohering at the back. Stamens monadelphous, alternately
shorter: anthers alternately oblong and globose. Legume compressed, 2-5-
jointed, exceedingly contracted between the joints: joints roundish, usually
hispid.—Usually herbaceous plants. Stipules sagittate ; lower ones lanceo-
late; upper ones larger, and supplying the place of bracteas. Leaves pe-
tioled: leaflets 2 or 4, all springing from the apex of the petiole. Flowers
yellow, sessile, each bracteated with two opposite stipules.

673. (1) Z. angustifolia (Sm. :) annual, diffuse: leaflets 2, oblong or lan-
ceolate, mucronate, glabrous, conspicuously dotted: bracteas sagittate-ovate,
acute, ciliated, pellucid-dotted ; legumes sometimes scarcely so long as the
bracteas, sometimes longer than them, pubescent, sprinkled irregularly with
reverse-scabrous prickles.—Smith / in Rees’ cycl.; DC. prod. 2. p. 316; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 311; Wall.! L. n. 5660. a—e.—Hedysarum diphyllum jz, Linn. ;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 853.—2 ; lancifolia ; leaflets lanceolate, acuminated.—
Wight! cat. n. 812.—8 ; oblongifolia ; leaflets narrow-oblong, somewhat ob-
tuse, with a mucro.— Wight ! cat. n. 810.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 82 (not good).

We have only referred to some of the letters in Wallich's List ; of the spe-
cimens not found in the Peninsula we feel less certain: one of them, g, from
Nepal, has the long leaves of our 2; but they are ciliated, and the legumes
are glabrous as in our next species ; while from both it may be distinguished
by the legumes being beautifully marked with elevated reticulations: we
propose to name it Z. reticulata; probably some of the Bengal plants may
prove the same.

674. (2) Z. Zeylonensis (Pers. :) annual, diffuse : leaflets 2, oblong or ovate,
mucronate, glabrous, with adpressed hairs on the margin and midrib beneath,
slightly dotted : bracteas sagittate-ovate, acute, opaque-dotted : legumes 2-3
times the length of the bracteas, glabrous or ciliated on the sutures, sprinkled
regularly with longish smooth glochidiate prickles—2 ; Plukenetit ; leaflets
oblong, about 8 times longer than broad, acute, much shorter than the com-
mon petiole.— Wight! cat. n. 811.—Z. conjugata, Smith! in Rees’ cycl—
Pluk. t. 246, f. 6 (good).—8 ; Burmanni; leaflets oblique at the base, round-
ish-ovate, nearly as broad as long, about the length of the petiole.— Wight !
cat. n.813.—7, Zeylonensis, Pers. syn. 2. p. 318 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 317 ; Wall.!
L. n. 5661,—2, eylaniea, Spr. syst. 3. p. 311.—Hedysarum conjugatum,
Willd. sp. 3. p. 1178.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 50. f. 15 Pluk. t. 102. f. 1 ; Rheed. mal.
9. t. 83 (bad).

XXV. GEISSASPIS. W.& A.

Calyx membranaceous, cleft almost to the very base into 2 lips: lips —
y equal, oblong-lanceolate ; upper one quite entire ; lower with a very mi-
nute inconspicuous sharp tooth on each side near the apex. Corolla papi-
lionaceous, inserted into the bottom of the calyx: vexillum large, at first

Covering the other petals, afterwards reflexed: ale narrow-oblong, obtuse,
erect, as long as the keel: keel incurved, its petals semi-oval, obtuse, united
only for a very small space at their back. Stamens of equal length, mona-
delphous : anthers all roundish. Ovary 2-ovuled. Style compressed. Stigma
“imple. Legume 2-jointed (often by abortion reduced to one joint), gla-
brous, reticulately veined, tumid in the middle, thin at both margins.—Pro-

218 LEGUMINOS&. STYLOSANTHES.

cumbent herbaceous or suffrutescent plants, glabrous except on the margins
of the stipules and bracteas. Leaves equally pinnated: leaflets 2 pair (the
pairs approximated but not from the same point), cuneate-obovate, retuse,
unequally 2-4-nerved at the base, dotted. Stipules semi-sagittate, lanceo-
late, larger on the young shoots, ciliated. Racemes axillary or terminal, on
longish peduncles. Bracteas large, orbicular, obliquely cordate or somewhat
semi-sagittate at the base, alternate, many-nerved, reticulated with veins, in-
conspicuously dotted, glabrous, the margin ciliated with long brownish pa-
tent bristles. Flowers solitary in each bractea, pedicelled, purplish when -
dry.

This genus is no doubt closely allied to Zornia, but differs by its habit, as well as
by several characters. The flowers appear purplish, but Klein mentions that the
vexillum is orange-coloured.

675. (1) G. cristata (W. & A.)—Wight! cat. n. 823.—Zornia disperma,
Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5663.—Hedysarum bijugum, herb. Klein !—Smithia?

eu herb. Wight !——Courtallum, in very moist soil. Malabar, in rice
elds.

We have changed the specific name given by Dr Graham, as the legumes
are by no means constantly 2-seeded ; and besides that was not the one at-
tached to the specimens sent by Dr Wight to Dr Wallich: that of Klein is
the older, but scarcely sufficiently expressive.

XXVI. STYLOSANTHES. Swartz.

Calyx-tube very long, slender: limb 5-partite: lobes unequal. Corolla
(in part) inserted on the throat of the tube of the calyx: keel minute, bifid
at the apex. Stamens monadelphous : anthers alternately linear and Desc
Ovary sessile. Style filiform, very long, straight. Stigma capitate, hispid.
Legume composed of one or two 1-seeded joints ; the upper one acumina
and somewhat hooked with the base of the style.—Small herbaceous or suf-
frutescent plants. Stems branched. Leaves trifoliolate, the middle leaflets
almost sessile. Stipules adnate to the petiole. Spikes terminal, dense, 1m-
bricated with stipules and bracteas. Flowers small, yellow.

s 676. (1) S. mueronata been suffruticose, branched, spreading: branches
hirsutely pubescent : leaflets oblong-ovate, stiffly mucronate, slightly ciliated
with short stiff bristles; under side of the younger ones a little pubescent
and hairy: flowers axillary sessile and solitary, or forming small few-flowe
terminal imbricated ovate spikes: bracteas ciliated: calyx-tube villous—
Willd. sp. 3. p. 1166 3 DC. prod. 2. p. 318 3 Spr.syst. 3. p. 310; Wall.! L. n.
5664 ; Wight! cat. n. 814. —Arachis fruticosa, Retz. obs. 4. p. 26; Roxb. fe
ind. 3. p. 282; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1273, Hedysarum hamatum, Burm.
Ind. p. 167 ; Burm. Zeyl. t. 106. f. 2 ; Pluk. t. 69. f. 1.

XXVII. ZESCHYNOMENE. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 629.

Calyx with two ovate deciduous bracteoles at its base, 2-lipped : upper lip
bifid or 2-toothed, lower trifid or 3-toothed. Corolla papilionaceous, inse j
into the bottom of the calyx: vexillum roundish; alee oblong: keel cymbiform,
bipartite at the base. Stamens equally diadelphous (5and5). Legumen com-
pressed, straight, exserted, composed of many joints: joints square at both ends,
easily separating from each other. Seeds solitary in each joint, compressed.—
Herbaceous or shrubby plants. Leaves unequally pinnated ; leaflets nume-
rous. Stipules semisagittate. Racemes axillary, Flowers often yellow.

JE scHYNOMENE. LEGUMINOS E. 219

677. (1) Æ. Surattensis (W. & A.:) suffruticose, diffuse, branched ;
branches angled, striated, and with the petioles peduncles calyx and keel
of the corolla armed with hard sharp tubercles: leaflets 8-12-pairs, linear-
oblong, obtuse at both ends, glabrous: racemes axillary, few-flowered: calyx
large ; lips entire: ovary densely clothed with adpressed white hairs: style
considerably longer than the stamens, incurved at the apex: legumes long-
stalked, about 6-jointed, very rough all over: middle of each joint elevated
and surrounded by a furrow separating it from the thickened margin. —/.
aspera? Herb. Linn. Suratt.

We have only seen this species in the Linnean herbarium, in which Lin-
nsus seems to have considered it as the same as his Æ. aspera from the Up-
sal garden. It appears, however, to be a distinct species.

678. (2) Æ. aspera (Linn. :) perennial, herbaceous, erect, floating, spongy,
sometimes slightly branched and diffuse, usually glabrous: leaflets 30-40
pairs, linear, obtuse: racemes axillary, few-flowered, the peduncles and pe-
dicels hispid with short horizontal bristly hairs : corolla much longer than the
calyx, both a little hairy: legumes long-stalked, 4—7-jointed, covered when
mature with prickly tubercles on the middle of each joint ; margins thickened,
striated and crenulated.— Linn. ! sp. p. 1060 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 320; Spr. syst.
3. p 322 ; Wight! cat. n. 819.—7E. Indica, Wall.! L. n. 5667.—Æ. aquatica,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 298.—4E. lagenaria, Lour. coch. 2. p. 544; Spr.
l. c.—Hedysarum lagenarium, Rowb.! fl. Ind. 3. p. 365.

679. (3) Æ. Indica (Linn. :) annual, diffused, branched : branches slender,
glabrous: young shoots, petioles, and peduncles, often slightly muricated :
leaflets 15-20 pairs, linear, obtuse at both ends: peduncles axillary, slender,
few-flowered, often with a small leaf at the base of the pedicels : calyx and
corolla glabrous: legumes long-stalked, 6—10-jointed ; joints at first smooth,
afterwards with a few glandular dots, when mature rough with irregular
confluent warts, tumid in the middle, thinner at the edge—z ; branches
thicker, more spongy, ascending, arising from the root and along the main
branch.— Wight ! cat. n. 821.—Æ. Indica, Linn. sp. p. 1061 ; DC. prod. 2. p.
320; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 299.—J&. aspera, Wall. ! L. n. 5666, c, d, f.
—Hedysarum Nali-Tali, Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 365.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 18;
Pluk. t. 309. Jf. 9.—8 ; branches thinner, more twiggy, prostrate, arising near-
ly all from the root.— Wight ! cat. n. 820.—JE. pumila, Linn. sp. p. 1061 ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 321 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 322.—E. diffusa, Herb. Madr. ! ; Willd.
8p.3. p. 1164 ; DC. l. c. ; Spr. l. c. ; Wall.! L. n. 5665.— Pluk. t. 432, f. 7.—
*n wet fertile fields. 5 in poordryish soils. __ :

Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 21, usually referred to the Linnean ZE. pumila, appears to
us to be a species of Cassia. The above varieties are far from constant; in-
deed their only difference seems to arise from the soil in which they are
found. Perhaps ZE. Roaburghii, Spr. syst. 3. p. 822 (to which we refer Æ.
aspera, Wall. E n. 5666, a. b, e—Æ. viscidula, Willd. en. p. 776—4E. cones
cosa, DC. prod. 2. p. 321—Smithia aspera, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. reri
Rumph. Amb. 4. t. 24) ought also to be reduced to the present species ; t

€ stems are said to be quite erect, and branched only towards the top: ie
can point out, however, no other distinction. The legume in almost nee Um
the species of the genus exhibits the warts or tubercles on its par boa ae
advance towards maturity, so that no characters ought to ee m pe

.

Part until after an examination of numerous specimens in
growth.

* +680. (4) Æ. pilosa (Poir. :) stem herbaceous, hairy, compressed-tetra-
Ea leaflets short, oval, emarginate, mucronate, glabrous, marked =
lackish veins : stipules broad at the base, acute, membranaceous-margined :
racemes axillary, hairy, many-flowered : corolla very small : legumes smooth-

-220 LEGUMINOSÆ. SMITHIA.

ish ; joints tumid and scabrous in the middle.—Poir. in Lam. enc. meth. 4.
p. 450; DC. prod. 2. p. 322 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 322.

* + 681. (5) Æ.? pubescens (Poir.:) stem herbaceous, glabrous: branches
patulous: leaflets oval, obtuse or retuse, mucronate, pubescent when young:
stipules and bracteas oval, acute: racemes lax, terminal, glabrous, many-
flowered: calyx large, membranaceous, almost angular, divided into 5 acute
and unequal teeth: legume a little scabrous, pointed; the joints often un-
equal, lobed or toothed on one side, truncated on the other. — Poir. in Lam.
enc. meth. 4. p. 450 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 322 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 322. ;

Poiret adds that the leaflets are several times larger than in ZE. pilosa.

* + 682. (6) Æ ? hirta (Lam.:) clothed all over (except the corolla) with
rigid hairs: stem herbaceous ; branches terete : leaflets 7-9 pairs, oval-linear,
mucronate: stipules resembling the leaflets but twice as long: raceme termi-
nal, many-flowered: calyx 5-partite ; segments subulate, nearly of equal
length : corolla glabrous, a little longer than the calyx : legume hirsute ; joints
tumid and tubercled in the middle.— Lam. ill. t. 629, f. 1; Poir. in Lam. enc.
meth. 4. p. 450 ; DC. prod. 2. p, 323 ; Spr. syst. 8. p. 822.

These three last are very obscure ; nor have we seen any plants from East
India (whence they are said to have been brought by Sonnerat) that bearany
resemblance to the above characters. AE. hirta is perhaps a species of Uraria.

XXVIII. SMITHIA. 4it.; Lam. ill. t. 627.

Calyx scariose, with two bracteoles at its base, bipartite: segments entire
or slightly cleft. Corolla papilionaceous, inserted into the bottom of the ca-
lyx: keel cleft from the base to near the apex. Stamens 10, equally mona-
delphous (5 and 5). Legume 4—6-jointed, folded up within the calyx, very
much contracted between the joints : joints 1-seeded, orbicular : sinus round-
ed.—Procumbent herbaceous plants with abruptly pinnated leaves. Leaflets
few, ciliated with adpressed bristles. Stipules semisagittate. Racemes axil-
lary, few-flowered. Corolla yellow.

._ S. spicata, Spreng. syst. 3. p. 323, and DC. prod. 2, p. 323, was collected by Pur
in Guadelupe (not Senegambia as stated by these authors), and sent by our frien
Dr Torrey to Sprengel: it is, according to Dr Torrey, ** compounded of the flowers

of a species of Cassia, and fruit of Mimosa pudica or sensitiva, both cultivated speci-
mens." S. Martinicensis, Spr. 1. c., must likewise be removed from the genus.

683. (1) S. sensitiva (Ait. :) leaflets 3-6 pairs, oval, obtuse at both ends,
glabrous except a row of bristles along the margin and midrib beneath :
flowers forming à sessile or peduncled short raceme ; peduncles glabrous ; pe-
dicels slightly hairy: calyx glabrous or sprinkled with a few bristles; S€E-
ments striated, oblong-lanceolate, pointed; upper one entire, lower 0C-
casionally 3-toothed at the apex: vexillum orbicular, much longer than the
calyx : legume 4—6-jointed, warted,—z« ; racemes few-flowered, peduncled.—
S. sensitiva, Ait, hort. Kew. 3. p. 496. t. 13 ; Roth, nov. sp. p. 951; DC.

2. p. 323 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 323; Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 3. p. 342; Wall.! L. n. 5008,
4, b, e, f, g.—Hedysarum ciliatum, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1083.8 ; y
cemes about 2-flowered, sessile.— Wight ! cat. n. 822.—S. sensitiva, Wall.!
L. n. 5668, c, d, i.—S. geminiflora, Roth, nov. sp. p. 852; DC. l e; Spr. &
—Rheed. mal. 9. t. 38. 2 Courtallum. Travancore. Malabar. ee

S. conferta, Smith! scarcely differs from our var. £ of this species: the lips
of the calyx being sometimes toothed in the Indian as well as in the New
Holland plant: may there not be a mistake as to the locality ?—S. pu
Royle! mst. (from Bengal) is closely allied to our var. æ : it differs, however
by the leaflets broader upwards ; by the calyx reticulately veined, too p
and ciliated with bristles ; by its upper lip broader upwards and then almost — —

LovnEa. LEGUMINOS X. 22T

truncated and slightly split at the apex, and the lower ovate ; and by the vexil-
lum oblong and scarcely longer than the calyx. In both the peduncles are
glabrous, or with one or two scattered bristles, and the leaflets-have bristles
along the midrib beneath.

_ 684. (2) S. racemosa (Heyne :) leaflets cuneate-oblong, retuse, bristly on
the margin and slightly so on the midrib beneath: flowers forming a pedun-
cled short raceme: peduncles longer than tħe leaves, and with the pedicels
and calyx glandular and hairy: upper lip’ of the calyx broad, truncated,
slightly emarginate ; lower shortly 3-cleft: legume about 4-jointed, slightly
warted.—Heyne ! in Wall.! L. n. 5670.

S. blanda, Wall.! L. n. 5669, has also glandular and hairy racemes, the up-
per lip of the calyx broad, truncated and emarginate, and the lower 3-lobed :
but the cuneate-oblong leaflets do not appear to have any bristles on the mid-
rib; the racemes are, comparatively speaking; elongated, the flowers much
larger, the calyx more hairy, and the joints of the legume with one or two
elevated reticulating veins, but without any tubercles or warts.

XXIX. LOUREA. Neck:

Calyx campanulate, reticulately veined, persistent, equally 5-cleft, scariose
and inflated when in fruit. Corolla papilionaceous : vexillum obcordate ;
keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Legume composed of 4-6
joints, folded up within the calyx, exceedingly contracted between the joints :
joints l-seeded, between orbicular and semiorbicular.—Herbaceous, erect.
Stipules setaceous. Leaves trifoliolate, or simple from the abortion of the
lateral ones, Racemes terminal.

* 685. (1) L. Vespertilionis (Desv. :) lateral leaflets none, or small, oblique-
ly cuneate at the base nd truncated at the apex; terminal one transverse,
about 10 times broader than long, tipped with a spiny bristle, 2-lobed ; lobes
divaricating, oblong-lanceolate, faleately recurved obtuse.— Desv. Journ. Bot.
3. p. 122; DC. prod. 2. p. 8323; Wall.! L. n. 5671; Wight! cat. n. 801.—He-
dysarum Vespertilionis, Linn. suppl. p. 331 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 315; Roxb. ! ft.
Ind. 3. p. 352.—H. volitans, Roxb. / in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1165.

XXX. URARIA, Desv.—Doodia, Roxb.

Calyx hairy, not becoming inflated when in fruit, deeply 2-lipped ; upper
lip bifid, lower 3-partite. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous
(9 and 1) : filaments somewhat persistent. Style thickened towards the apex.
Legume 2-6-jointed ; joints slenderly connected, and folded up, sometimes
m maturity slightly unfolding.—Perennial, often shrubby plants : young parts

airy. Leaves simple, or trifoliolate, or pinnated: leaflets with two partial
stipules. Stipules lanceolate, acuminated, scariose, striated; upper ones very
caducous, covering the flowers in place of bracteas. Racemes terminal, sim-
Ple, many-flowered : pedicels in pairs from each bractea.

The — character giyen by De Candolle is by no means applicable to all the
Species T

rought by him under it.
688. (1) U. picta (Desv. : shrubby, erect, young parts clothed with hook-
ed hairs : leaves dra and xen ; simple ones oblong-ovate ; leaflets of the

compound ones 2—4-pair, linear-lanceolate, obtuse, upper side clouded, under
à little reticulated and pubescent : racemes terminal, very long, spike-like, ri-
Ed: bracteas below the raceme persistent, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, ri-
Bid: pedicels covered with short hooked hairs, much incurved at the apex
after flowering : ealyx-segments bearded with long hairs, lanceolate-setace~

222 i LEGUMINOSÆ. Uui

ous, the lower ones at length about twice as long as the upper: legume 3-6-
jointed.—Desv. Journ. Bot. 3. p. 122 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 324 ; Wall.! L. n. 5674:
—Doodia picta, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 368.—Hedysarum pictum, Jacq. ic. rar. 3.
t. 567; coll. 2. p. 262 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 316.—H. crinitum, Rowb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 402.— —Circars, by the shady banks of water-courses ; Rowburgh.

From this U. crinita, Desv. (with which U. comosa, DC. is identical), may
be recognised by the pedicels covered with long spreading stiff hairs, and by
the bracteas at the base of the pedicels being beautifully ciliated with white
sedes well as by the leaflets being much broader, more acute, and not
clouded. :

. 689. (2) U. lagopoides (DC.:) suffruticose, procumbent, rooting at the
Jomts: stems terete, pubescent: leaves simple and ternate; the terminal
leaflet much the larger, roundish-ovate, sometimes emarginate at the base,
obtuse, mucronate, sprinkled with a short scabrous pubescence : racemes ter-
minal, conical-oblong, dense, very hairy: pedicels shortish, incurved at the
apex, and with the calyx densely bearded : upper lip of the calyx short, the
Segments ovate-acuminated ; lower reflexed, the segments elongated and subu-
late-setaceous : legume 2-jointed ; joints orbicular-ovate, polished.—DC.
prod. 2. p. 324; Wight! cat. n. 199.—U. retusa, Wall.! L. n. 5680.—Doodia
lagopodioides, Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 8. p. 366.—Hedysarum lagopoides, Burm. Ind.
P. 68.0. 53. f. 2; Linn.! sp. p. 1057; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 975.—H.
alopecuroides, Rotil. ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 312.—Lespedeza lagopoides, Pers. syn.
2. p. 308 ; Spr. l c. p. 202.

U. lagopoides, Wall. L. n. 5676 (or Doodia alopecuroides, Roxb. and Hed:
alopecuroides, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1615), is, we believe, quite a different
species, although in character it approaches pretty close to the present. Lin-
nsus, in the second edition of the Sp. Plantarum, describes the legumes as
one-seeded, but this he corrected in the twelfth edition of the Systema Na-
ture, 2. p. 495 ; although, however, the correction has been copied into the
Systema Veget. p. 562, and into Willd. sp. pl. 3. p. 1204, botanists have to

his day unnecessarily puzzled themselves by consulting only the original de-

scription. What is remarkable is, that if he erred at first by making the num-
ber of seeds too few, in his correction he makes them too many (3-4); NE
have never found more than two joints.

690. (3) U. hamosa (Wall. :) shrubby, diffuse; young parts clothed with
short hooked hairs : leaves meet and trifoliolate eode elliptic or roundish,
Sometimes emarginate, glabrous above, softly pubescent beneath: racemes
axillary and terminal, hispidly hairy, before expansion of the flowers one
or cone-like and imbricated with bracteas, in fruit becoming much elongate
and lax ; bracteas caducous, ovate with a long subulate point, hairy ; pedi-
cels shortly hairy, ineurved at ihe apex : calyx shortly hairy, short, not longer
than the first Joint of the frait; upper lip 2-toothed ; segments of the lower
one ovate-acuminated: legume 2-6-jointed, pubescent.— Wall. / L. n. 5681;
Wight ! cat. n. 800.—U. desmodioides, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5683.—Doo-
dia hamosa, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 366.—Hedysarum hamosum, Rowb. in E. I. C
p tab. dis i ! U
e scarcely see how U. lanceolata, Graham! in Wall. . n. 5682, and U.
leptostachya, Wall! L. n. 5684, can be distinguished, D ME late; Wall!
L. n. 5685, is closely allied, but differs apparently by its calyx. -

691. (4) U.? styracifolia (W. & A.: shrubby ; young parts, under side of
the leaves and calyx clothed with ris s da soft white hairs: branch-
es angled: leaves simple or trifoliolate ; leaflets glabrous above, roundis
obovate, retuse; terminal one the largest : racemes axillary and te aff
shorter than the petiole, at first cone-like 3 pedicels becoming deflexed whilst.

flowering 3 bracteas caducous, ovate-acuminated, nearly glabrous on the back,
on the margin: lips of the calyx short, nearly equal ; upper 2-fid, seg-

Urania. LEGUMINOSJE. 223

ments triangular ; lower deeply 3-cleft, segments lanceolate-acuminated : le-
gume 2-4-jointed, much longer than the calyx.— Wight! cat. n. 986, 791, b. 2
—Hedysarum styracifolium, Linn. ! sp. p. 1052 (not of most authors).—H.
retroflexum, Linn. ! mant. p. 103; Spr. syst. 3. p. 317.—H. procumbens,
Roxb.? fl. Ind. 3. p. 645.—H. pilosum, Rowb.? in E. I. C. mus. tab. 305.—
Nicolsonia styracifolia, Desv. in ann. sc. nat. 9. p. 418.—Desmodium retro-
flexum, DC. prod. 2. p. 336.—D. orbiculatum, Wall.! L. n. 5695.—D. rotun-
difolium, Wall.! L. n. 5696.

. Wight, cat. n. 791. b, probably from growing in a poor soil, has a quite
different appearance from the usual forms: it is merely suffruticose, with pro-
strate, diffuse, slender branches; the branches are only pubescent, and the
leaves, although pubescent, are not covered with long white hairs on the un-
der side ; the calyx is however white with hairs, and the raceme is the same
as In the type of the species: this agrees so well with Roxburgh’s figure of his
H. pilosum (H. procumbens of the Flora Indica), that, although the pedicels
are represented erect, we can hardly doubt of their identity.— The Linnean
specimens are both indifferent: on the one the leaves are all simple, on the
other all trifoliolate ; but they agree in every other respect : and Dr Wallich's
and our own Specimens show both kinds of leaves on the same individual.
The reflexed pedicels are very remarkable ; they become so, soon after the en-
veloping bracteas have fallen off. With regard to the genus, we have had
Some difficulty : the legume is by no means straight as in Desmodium, nor yet
18 it folded up when mature, as is usual in Uraria : when about half ripe, it
may, however, be observed considerably folded ; and it is probably this cir-
cumstance that has already induced Dr Graham, in Wallich’s List, to refer it-
doubtfully as we have done. It agrees also with Uraria in the rigid nature of
Its pedicels, and the hairy calyx ; but it differs from all the other hitherto de-
scribed species by the pedicels being deflexed, and not horizontal with the
extremity incurved: but in the U. retrofracta, Wall. L. n. 5678 (if a specimen
m Dr Wight’s herbarium be correctly so named), the pedicels are rigid, be-
tween erect and spreading, with the extremity recurved : in that species, one
of the most curious of the genus, the branches, petioles, and leaves, are gla-
brous 3 the leaves reverse-reniform, retuse at the base ; the bracteas subulate,
ngid, and with the pedicels sprinkled with spreading hairs; and the flowers
are very minute.

XXXI. DESMODIUM. Desv.; DC.

_ Calyx with two usually caducous bracteoles at its base, cleft to the middle
into two lips ; upper lip 2-cleft ; lower 3-partite. Corolla papilionaceous,
inserted into the base of the calyx: vexillum roundish: keel obtuse, but not
truncated. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), or monadelphous from the base
to the middle and usually diadelphous upwards: ‘filaments somewhat persis-
tent. Ovary with several ovules. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Le-
ume compressed, composed of several joints : joints 1-seeded, separating at
maturity.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants or small trees. Leaves either
Pinnately trifoliolate, or simple by the abortion of the lateral leaflets. Par-
tial stipules 2 at the base of the terminal leaflet, solitary at the base of the
R ones. Flowers usually racemose, sometimes umbelled, sometimes on
simple peduncles, axillary or more usually terminal. Flowers purplish, blue,
or white,

Sub-gen, I. DENDROLOBIUM (W. & A.) Calyx with two lanceolate subu-
late caducous bracteoles, campanulate, 4-cleft; upper segment split at the

apex. Stamens monadelphous: filaments of equal length: anthers oblong,
versatile. Joints of the legume coriaceous, indehiscent, somewhat elliptical,

224 LEGUMINOS X. Desmopium.

truncated at both ends.—Small trees. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Pedun-
cles axillary, solitary, much shorter than the petiole, bearing at the apex an
umbel or short corymb: pedicels 1-flowered. Flowers white.

tert this ought to form a distinct genus, and with that view we have not
adopted the name of Eudesmodium given by De Candolle. We exclude D. lutescens,
Desv. and DC., which does not differ from Dicerma elegans.

692. (1) D. umbellatum (DC.:) arborescent: young shoots pubescent or
villous somewhat angled: leaves trifoliolate; leaflets oval, obtuse, glabrous
above, whitish-pubescent beneath, the terminal one the largest: stipules ca-
ducous: peduncles axillary, much shorter than the petiole: flowers 10-12,
somewhat umbellate: legumes 3-4-jointed, thick-margined, at first more or
less villous, afterwards becoming more glabrous.—DC. prod. 2. p. 325 ; Wall.!
L. n. 5687.—Hedysarum umbellatum, Linn. ! sp. p. 1053 ; Willd. sp. 3. p.
1182 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 316.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 51 (good).

It is possible that more thàn one species may be comprehended under the
above character: thus Wall. L. n. 5687, b, e, f, has the legumes villous ; a has
them glabrous with the joints larger and more fleshy: in d they are slightly
pubescent and villous along the sutures; but these agree in all other points.
We have not seen Hed. arboreum of Roxburgh, but judging by his descrip-
tion (fl. Ind. 3. p. 361) it seems referable to the present species.

693. (2) D. congestum (Wall. :) arborescent: old branches glabrous; young
shoots obtusely triangular, clothed with whitish pubescence: leaves trifolio-
late ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate, nearly glabrous, except the white-pubescent
parallel nerves beneath : stipules lanceolate-acuminated : peduncles axillary,
solitary, several times shorter than the petioles : flowers numerous, somewhat
umbelled : calyx-segments broad, about equal: legumes compressed, slightly

ubescent, 4—6-jointed.— Wall. ! L. n. 5723 (partly) ; Wight! cat. n. 789.—
Hedysarum umbellatum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 360; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 399.
Uircars. Travancore. :
It is almost impossible, in the absence of fruit, to distinguish this from the
wing ; and we think it therefore probable that some of the specimens dis-
tributed by Dr Wallich under n. 5721 of his List, belong to D. congestum :
this name, indeed, appears to have originated in a mistake for confertum,
of which, although Dr Wallich refers it to n. 5721. a (partly), our specimens
from Rottler's herbarium show to be what is here called D. congestum.

* 694. (3) D. cephalotes (Wall.:) arborescent: branches obtusely triangu-
lar, densely clothed when young with adpressed white silky pubescence, ai-
terwards more glabrous: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong or oblong-lanceo-
late, clothed with woolly or silky hairs when young, soon glabrous ; nerves
parallel, woolly beneath: stipules scariose, acuminated : peduncles axillary,
several times shorter than the petioles, many-flowered : lower calyx-segmen
narrower and longer than the others: legumes densely villous, 2-3-jointed.—

rape ees 7 Ind. 3. p. 960;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. dy ysarum cephalotes, Roxb. fi ;

Sub-gen. 2. Desmopium. Stamens diadelphous, or monadelphous below the
middle. Legume membranaceous ; joints reticulately veined.—Herbaceous

or suffrutescent plants. Flowers never umbellate. Pedicels filiform, 1-
flowered.

a. Leaves simple: petiole winged : joints of the legume broader than long, straight dor
on the one suture, slightly curved on the other, truncated at both en d

695. (4) D. triquetrum (DC. :) suffrutescent, erect, branched: brane :

Dezsmopium. LEGUMINOSA, 225

triangular, pubescent principally on the angles: leaves cordate, ovate or li-
near-oblong, acuminated, glabrous above, pubescent beneath: petioles winged ;
wings acuminated or mucronate on each side at the apex: racemes axil-
lary and terminal, many-flowered: bracteas subulate: legumes hairy, 5-8-
jointed, straight on the one suture, slightly crenated on the other; joints
about a half broader than lone — DC. prod. 2. p. 326 ; Wall.! L. n. 5688, d, e, f,
9; l (partly), m (from Proc, n (from Chappadong), o (partly), p (partly) ;
Wight! eat. n. 190.—Hedysarum, n. 286, Linn.! Al. Zeyl.—H. triquetrum,
Linn. sp. p. 1052 ; Burm. fl. Ind. t. 52. J. 2 5 Spr. syst. 3. p. 319.—H. alatum,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 348.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 81. ;

This is the only species with winged petioles hitherto found in the Penin-
sula; but perhaps D. alatum, DC. (Hed. triquetrum, Roxb., but not H. ala-
tum, Roxb.), and D. pseudotriquetrum, DC., have been overlooked, if indeed
they be distinct species : to the former of these belongs D. triquetrum, Wall. !
L. n. 5688, a, b, k (partly), m (from JEst. Irawaddi), n (from Moolmyne);
and to the latter Wall.! L. n. 5688, c, i, k (partly), Z (partly), p (partly).
We know, however, of no character to distinguish the three species but the
different degrees of hairiness on the fruit, the ovary and legume being quite
glabrous in D. alatum, and glabrous on the sides but hairy on the sutures in
D. pseudotriquetrum.

` b. Leaves simple: petiole simple : legume straightish on one side, deeply notched
on the other ; joints semicircular.

696. (5) D. latifolium (DC.:) shrubby, ascending, branched: branches te-
rete, tomentose, spreading: leaves broadly cordate or ovate, obtuse or acu-
minated, repand-crenated, harshly pubescent on the upper side, tomentose
9n the under: petioles simple: stipules small, subulate from a broad semi-
cordate base: racemes axillary and terminal; flowers very numerous: brac-
teas subulate-setaceous: legumes densely clothed with hooked hairs, 4-5-
jointed, slightly crenated on the one suture, notched to the middle on -
other: joints nearly semiorbicular, slightly truneated at both ends.— Wall. !
L. n. 5692 —,, Roaburghii ; leaves cordate-ovate, almost as broad as long,
obtuse or slightly acute ; racemes lax before expansion as well as after, seve-
ral times longer than the leaves.— Wight! cat. n. 792.—D. latifolium, DC.
Prod. 2. p. 327.—D. collinum, Wall. L. n. 5693.—Hedysarum latifolium,
Roxb. ft. Ind. 3. p. 950 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1611 ; Roth, nov. sp. p. 355.—
8, Telfuirii ; leaves broadly ovate, retuse at the base, rounded at the apex, a
little longer than broad: axillary racemes dense, about a half shorter than the
leaf ; terminal ones panicled.—y, Plukenetii ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, about twice as long as broad ; axillary racemes much shorter than the
leaves, terminal ones panicled —Pluk. t. 432. f. 3.

these our var. « alone is from the peninsula: 6 we know only as a Ma-

gascar plant, cultivated in the Mauritius, and transmitted by Bojer and

Telfair: y we have from Prome. Perhaps these ought to form as many spe-
cies.

697. (6) D. Gangeticum (DC.:) somewhat shrubby: stems irregularly ws, ma
Sprinkled with adpressed or spreading rigid white hairs: leaves co so nb >
obtuse or acute, somewhat cordate at the base ; upper side slightly : dtes
or almost glabrous, under more or less pubescent or hairy: cue — al
Stipules subulate from a semi-cordate base: racemes axillar Ces de vob.
Very long, lax: bracteas setaceous: legumes 6-8-jointed, hispi M 2h à
Tulous, straightish on the one suture, notched to near the back " E E uie
joints semiorbicular.— DC. prod. 2. p. 827 ; Wall.! L. n. 5689; Wight ! "a: ;
193, 794. — p. maculatum, DC. l. e. ; Wall. ! L.n. 5690.—Hedysarum =
geticum, Linn. / sp. p. 1052; Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 3. p. 348; in E.I. C. mus. tab.
1610.—H. maculatum, Linn. ? sp. p. 1051.—H. collinum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3.
P. 348.—H. styracifolium, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 393.—Pluk. t. 50. f. 3.

P

226 LEGUMINOSA. DEsMODIUM.

After having examined the Linnean specimens of D. maculatum and D.
Gangeticum, we have no hesitation about uniting them: it is a common plant
in India, and not unfrequently presents both supposed species on different
branches of the same individual.

c: Leaves trifoliolate.
+ Legumes straightish on one suture, very deeply notched on the other: joints semi-
circular, not truncated. p

698. (7) D. Wightii (Graham:) herbaceous, diffuse: branches triangular,
pubescent on the angles: leaves long-petioled, trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, upper side glabrous, under slightly pubescent: sti-
pules subulate: racemes terminal, elongated, many-flowered : bracteas mi-
nute, setaceous, about 3 together: pedicels in threes, slender, spreading: le-
gumes glabrous, 6-8-jointed ; joints semicircular, not truncated.—Graham!
ze E L. n. 5718 ; Wight! cat. n. 115.—— Mountains of Cunnawady, near

ygui. :

Very closely allied to D. suleatum, Graham! in Wall. L. n. 5736, which
perhaps is only a more luxuriant state of the same plant.

+ + Legumes deeply notched on both sutures : joints orbicular.

699. (8) D. diffusum (DC.:) herbaceous, procumbent, diffuse, branched :
branches 4-5-angled, hispidly pubescent: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets oval,
pubescent on both sides: stipules large, foliaceous, auricled and stem-clasp-
ing: racemes terminating every branch, very long: bracteas small, lanceolate,
2-3 together: flowers in pairs or threes: legumes ascending or nearly erect,
5—6-jointed, notched on both sutures, hispid with short hooked hairs ; joints
orbieular, tumid in the middle when mature: seeds oval, compressed, Wi
the hilum at one of the narrow ends.— DC. prod. 2. p. 336; Wight! cat. n.
788.—D. dichotomum, DC. i. c.—D. Roxburghii, Wall. ! L. n. 5716.—Hedy-
sarum diffusum, herb. Madr.!; Willd, sp. 3. p.1180; Spr. syst. 3. p. 912—
H. dichotomum, Willd. 1. c. 3 Spr. l c. p. 314.—H. quinqueangulatum, Roxb.
ft. Ind. 3. p. 355; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 398.—H. auriculatum, Road. fl. Ind.
3. p. 355; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1619.

We can perceive no difference between Roxburgh's two species, nor be-
tween these and the two described by Willdenow, and have therefore unit
them all. Sprengel's Hed. Roxburghii, judging from the character given, 3P-

pears to be very distinct, but we cannot determine what it is, the legumes
being unnoticed.

+ + + Legumes straight or neari : joi times as long a8
Mies: gprs yere yd so on both sutures : joints 2-3 times

700. (9) D. reeurvatum (Graham :) shrubby : branches spreading, recurved,
clothed as well as the raceme with short adpressed hairs, angled; young
shoots triquetrous: leaves bifarious, trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate or oval, gla-
brous above, pubescent beneath: stipules lanceolate, acuminated : racemes
terminal, drooping before the flowers expand, afterwards very long 1-2-feet) :
bracteas lanceolate surrounding several smaller setaceous ones: flowers 8€- -
veral together: legumes narrow-linear, straight on both sutures, clothed wit!
short hooked hairs ; joints more than twice as long as broad.— Bec
Wall.! L. n. 5717.—Hedysarum recurvatum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 908; '"
E. I. C. mus. tab. 1616.—H. latifolium? herb, Madr./— —Mountains of Tra-
vancore ; Oct. 1814 ; Klein.

Judging from Sprengel's short description, we have no doubt but H. Rott-
leri, Spr. syst. 3. p. 320, or H. lineare, Rottl., is this species. D. elongatum,
Wall. L. n. 5715, or Hed. diffusum, Roxb. (not Willd.), approaches also “4
closely that we had almost considered it a variety: it appears, however, i
bea diffus e plant with slender variously bent branches. We have

DzsMoptUM. LEGUMINOS X. 227

us an allied species from St Vincents, which we have received from Dr
Hooker: but in it (perhaps a variety of D. scorpiurus, Desv.) the stems are
herbaceous and only slightly hispid, the stipules though small are auricled,
the racemes axillary and few-flowered, and the legumes slightly contracted
at both sutures between the long joints. 7

§ 2. Flowers 2-3 from each bractea : racemes straight, before expansion cone-
like and imbricated with large concave bracteas, afterwards elongated and
lax.

a. Leaves 3-foliolate ; the lateral leaflets much the smaller and occasionally want-
ing: calyx campanulate, shortly 5toothed: ale shorter than the keel: le-
pu straight on the one suture, slightly crenated on the other; joints near-

y Square, straight on the one suture, slightly convex on the other, truncat
at both ends.

701. (10) D. gyrans (DC.:) suffrutescent, erect, twiggy: branches rather
slender, angled, glabrous: leaves petioled, trifoliolate ; leaflets narrow-oblong
or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse at both ends, glabrous above, adpressed-pubes-
cent beneath ; the lateral pair very small: racemes axillary and terminal, nu-
merous towards the top of the branches, and forming together a large pani-
cle: bracteas broadly cordate, concave, before expansion densely imbricated
over the flowers, caducous: flowers short-pedicelled : stigma elongated late-
rally and as if 2-cleft : legume flat, pubescent, straight on the upper margin,
crenated on the lower, 10—12-jointed.— DC. prod. 2. p. 326; Wall.! L. n.
5725; Wight! cat. n. 183.—Hedysarum gyrans, Linn. suppl. p. 332 ; Jacq.
di Mia s 562 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 312 ; Roxb. fi. Ind.3. p. 351; in E. I. C. mus.
ab. : á

In Dr Wight’s herbarium there is a specimen from Dr Royle, gathered in
ee in which the terminal leaflet is much broader and more e ptic than
usual, and the legume is glabrous: it may, however, prove a distinct species
(D. Roylei, W. & A.)

* 102. (11) D. gyroides (DC.:) herbaceous, diffuse: branches angled, cloth-
ed with short soft white hairs: leaves 3-foliolate ; leaflets obovate-elliptic,
obtuse, npper side glabrous, under whitish pubescent, almost silky on the
margin and nerves beneath ; terminal leaflet 3-4 times larger than the lateral
Snes: stipules lanceolate-subulate : racemes axillary and terminal, forming a
Panicle at the ends of the branches: bracteas broadly cordate, pointed, pu-

Scent, before expansion densely imbricated like a cone, soon deciduous:
vexillum about half the length of the keel: style marked with a transparent

€; stigma obtuse: legumes hirsute, straight on the one suture, slightly cre-
hated on the other—DC. prod. 2. p. 326; Wall.! L. n. 5728; Wight! cat. n.

82.—Hedysarum gyroides, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 57 (omitted in the fl. Ind.)

b. Leaves 1.3 foliolate: lat eaflets nearly as large as the terminal one: calyx
divided to beyond as ir, upper lip shortly bifid: keel with a horn s
spur (as in Indigofera) on each side about the middle: legume straight on the
one suture, notched to the middle on the other *.

703. (12) D. polycarpum (DC. :) suffruticose, procumbent, branched, often
rooting at the joints: branches slightly angled, usually with white adpressed
pubescence, but often with white spreading hairs on the young shoots:
"aves trifoliolate ; leaflets from exactly oval and obtuse at both ends to obo-
vate-retuse or mucronate ; upper side glabrous or very sparingly pubescent ;
under reticulately veined, usually pubescent, sometimes covered with long

white silky down ; lateral leaflets rather smaller than the terminal one,

P2

228 : LEGUMINOS A. DEsMODIUM:

sometimes wanting : petiole slightly margined : stipules acuminated, decidu-
ous: racemes axillary and terminal, many-flowered: bracteas broadly ovate,
pointed, pubescent, before expansion densely imbricated: pedicels nearly
labrous: keel narrow, straight, incurved at the apex, longer than the ale:
egumes erect, hispid, 5—6-jointed, straight on the one margin, notched into
the middle on the other.— DC. prod. 2. p. 334 (not Wall.) ; Hook. and Arn.!
in Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 180; Wight! cat. n. 780, 784, 786, 787, 791, a.—D.
heterocarpum, DC. l. c. p. 337.—D. capitatum, DC. l. e. p. 336.—D. angula-
tum, DC. l. c. p. 335 ; Wall.! L. n. 5729 (excl. 0).—D. tenue, Graham ! in
Wall.! L. n. 5730.—D. serpens, Wall.! L. n. 5133.—D. purpureum, Hoo.
and Arn. ! 1. c. p. 62.—D. siliquosum, DC. l. c. p. 336.—D. Hippocrepis, DC.?
l. c. p. 338.—Hedysarum, n. 298, Linn.! fl. zeyl.—H. heterocarpum, Linn.
sp. p. 1054 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 312.—Hedysarum polycarpum, Lam. ill. t. 628.
J. 4 ; Poir. enc. meth. 6. p. 413; Spr. l. c. p. 314.—H. capitatum, Burm. Ind.
p. 167. t. 54. f. 1 ; Spr. l. c. p. 320.—H. conicum, Poir. enc. meth. 6. p. 419.—
H. siliquosum, Burm. Ind. p. 169. t. 55. f. 2.—H. purpureum, Rowb. fl. Ind.
3. p. 358 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1279.—Hippocrepis barbata, Lour. ?—Burm.
zeyl. t. 53. f. 1, 2 ; Pluk. t. 433, f. 3.
. By an examination of numesous specimens from various parts of the Penin-
sula and of Bengal, Ceylon, Nepaul, Penang, China, and Gambier's Island in
the Pacific Ocean, we have now brought together this formidable number of
synonyms: it is also probable that the list must be yet swelled out, seve
additional allied species being deseribed by De Candolle without fruit, from
which good characters in this intricate genus must be principally obtained.
As to Hed. heterocarpum, Linn., it is remarkable that, among the five speci-
mens in Hermann's herbarium, from which the original description was taken,
none show the abortion of the upper joints of the legume: this is however à
character of no importance, as it is an accident that happens to one raceme
and not to another on the same branch ; and for this reason we have retained
the specific appellation given by Lamarck and Poiret, in preference to tha
by Linneeus.

,104. (13) D. rufescens (DC.:) shrubby: branches, racemes, bracteas, pe-
icels, stipules, petioles, and nerves of the leaves beneath, densely cloth
with yellowish-brown tomentum: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets oval, obtuse
with a long bristle ; upper side glabrous; under densely clothed except t
nerves with adpressed silky white hairs, especially when young: stipules c2-
ducous: racemes axillary and terminal, many-flowered: bracteas ovate, ber
pering to a long subulate point, before expansion densely imbricated, s008
caducous : vexillum large, obcordate: ale as long as the broad keel: legum?
pubescent, about 7-jointed, straight on the one suture, notched into the mid-
dle on the other.— DC. prod. 2. p. 335 ; Wight! cat. n. 785.—D. ferrugineum,
n ies L. n. 5732.—Hedysarum rufescens, Spr. syst. suppl. p. 292, —Neel-
gherries.

A very elegant species, with pretty large flowers.

c. Leaves trifoliolate : legumes even or repand on the one margin, Very deeply
notched on the other ; joints semi-oblong or rhomboid, longer than broad.

705. (14) D. strangulatum (W. & A. :) herbaceous, erect ?: branches hairy,
somewhat 3-angled, angles obtuse : leaves 3-foliolate, long-petioled : leaflets
pubescent on both sides, lateral ones obliquely ovate, terminal one rhomboid :
stipules scariose, oblong-lanceolate, concave, glabrous: racemes hairy,
lary and terminal, panicled, at first oblong and imbricated with large oblong
concave hairy bracteas, afterwards becoming very long and lax, few-flower-
ed: flowers 2-3 together, on long filiform pedicels : ¢ yx campanulate, bila- 5
biate ; upper lip emarginate, under deeply cleft: vexillum obovate ; ale e RU
er than the keel: stamens monadelphous from the base to the middle, diad! TE

eE

phous towards the apex : ovary stipitate, about 4-ovuled : legume 2

Desmopium. LEGUMINOS A. 229

(occasionally from abortion 1-jointed), much contracted on one suture be-
tween the joints, even on the other, hispidly pubescent ; joints semi-oblong,
nearly equal at both ends.—Wight! cat. n. 772, 778, 774.

We have not been able to find this in Wallich’s List, although n. 772 was
sent to him by Dr Wight. Its nearest affinity is with D. podocarpum (Wall.! L.
n. 5711), but in that species the leaflets are acuminated, and the joints of the
legume semi-obcordate: in both, as well as in some allied North American
species, as D. nudiflorum and D. canadense, the stamens are monadelphous
at the base; but that character is not, we fear, exclusively connected with
the structure of the legume ; at least some species with a similar legume, as
D. paniculatum, have the stamens distinctly diadelphous from the base: in
the North American species little attention has, however, been paid to the
presence or absence of large imbricating bracteas, or to the stamens being
monadelphous at the base.

$3. Peduncles axillary or terminal, 1-8-flowered, or bearing a capillary diva-
ricating raceme. Calyx deeply divided ; segments lanceolate-subulate.
Stamina monadelphous. Legumes 3-6-jointed, even or repand on the
one suture, notched into about the middle on the other, dehiscent : joints
as broad as long.—Suffruticose, Stems procumbent, diffuse, branched,
filiform. Leaves simple or trifoliolate, small.

706. (15) D. triflorum (DC.:) procumbent, diffuse: leaves trifoliolate ;
leaflets orbicular, obovate, or obcordate, more or less pubescent or hairy:
stipules scariose, lanceolate ; peduncles axillary, solitary or fascicled, 1-3-

owered: calyx-segments acuminated: vexillum obovate with a long claw :
style bent acutely near the summit, and tumid at the angle: legume hispidly
pubescent, 3-6-jointed, notched into the middle on the lower margin, even
on the other; joints truncated at both ends.—Wall.! L.n. 5134.—Hedysa-
rum, n. 297; Linn.! fl. Zeyl.—H. triflorum, Linn. sp. p. 1057.—2, majus ;
stems hairy ; leaflets roundish or obovate, pubescent ; peduncles usually so-
itary, sometimes in pairs, longer than the leaves, 1-3-flowered ; legumes 3—4-
Jomted, straight.— Wight ! cat. n. 779 (partly), 781.—D. heterophyllum, DC.
prod. 2. p. 334 ; Wall. L. n. 5101 .—Hedysarum heterophyllum, Willd. sp. 3.
P. 1201.—H. reptans, Roa. fl. Ind. 8. p. 354. Burm. Zeyl. t. 54. f. 1.—6, mi-
nus ; stems hairy ; leaflets obcordate, glabrous on both sides * peduncles sim-
ple, 3-6, fascicled, shorter than the leaves ; legumes 5—6-jointed, slightly re-
curved.— Wight ! cat. n. 777, 779 (partly).—D. triflorum, DC. I. c.—Hedysa-
rum triflorum, Willd. l. c. p. 1202; Spr. syst. 3. p. 318; Roxb. l. c. p. 353;
n E. I. C. mus. tab. 405.—D. stipulaceum, Burm. Ind. t. 54. f. 2.—/Eschy-
nomene triflora, Poir.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 54. f. 2.—y, villosum; whole plant,
except the upper surface of the leaves, covered with long white silky hairs ;
ets obovate, emarginate ; peduncles simple, fascicled, about 3 together,
shorter than the leaves ; legume recurved.— Wight! cat. n. 778. ?
most common and widely distributed plant, which in India supplies the
place of the species of Trifolium and Medicago in Europe, springing up in all
Soils and situations, varying much in size and degree of pubescence as well
4s In inflorescence according to its place of growth and the season of the
year: we have therefore no Wealtation in following Linnzeus in the Flora Zey-
lanica; and we feel convinced that its subdivision into species originated in
a practice among authors of making descriptions from solitary specimens of

erent forms, instead of from a series of them.

707. (16) D. parvifolium (DC. :) procumbent, diffuse: branches triangular,
usually very hairy Marce red escis leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets from
. Oval to orbicular, mucronate, clothed with adpressed white hairs principally on

e lower side : stipules scariose, about the but of the petiole, lanceolate,
le-pointed : racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, lax few-flowered, capillary,

230 LEGUMINOS XE. DIcERMA.

flexuose and divaricating: pedicels long, slender: bracteas hairy, oblong-
acuminated, concave, at first loosely imbricated, soon deciduous: calyx-
segments acuminated: legume slightly pubescent, 3—4-jointed, crenated on
the upper suture, deeply notched on the lower; joints nearly orbicular.—
DC. prod. 2. p. 334; Wall.! L. n. 5700; Wight! cat. n. 116.—Hedysarum
parvifolium, Spr. syst. 3. p. 318 ; suppl. p. 293.—H. tenellum, Don. prod. fi.
Nep. 243. me

In habit this approaches very closely to D. triflorum, but is readily distin-
guished by the inflorescence.

708. (17) D. reniforme (DC.:) procumbent, diffuse, branched: branches
terete, glabrous, filiform : leaves simple, petioled, roundish reniform, very ob-
tuse or emarginate, glabrous on both sides: flowers axillary and solitary, or
in terminal racemes: legumes 5-6-jointed, mucronate, glabrous, even on the
one suture, notched on the other.—DC. prod. 2. p. 827 ; Wall.! L. n. 5702.—
gamn reniforme, Linn.! sp. p. 1051 ; Burm. Ind. t. 52. f. 1 ; Spr. syst.

. p. 319.

XXXII. DICERMA. DC.

Calyx with two adpressed bracteoles, bilabiate : upper lip quite entire or
scarcely 2-toothed at the apex ; lower trifid, the middle segment slightly longer _
than the others. Corolla papilionaceous: vexillum obovate ; the keel about
equal with the ale, obtuse, not obliquely truncated. Stamens monadelphous
below the middle, diadelphous (9 and 1) towards the apex, permanent:
anthers all roundish. Legumen 2- (or occasionally 3-) jointed: joints orbi-
cular, flat, regular, membranaceous, reticulated with veins, not echinated, 1-
seeded ; the last joint bearing the remains of the style at the middle between
the two sutures.—Shrubs. Leaves 3-foliolate. Flowers yellowish. Pedicels
1-flowered, aggregated in the axils of bracteas or leaves.

It is almost impossible to point out a character to distinguish this from Desmodium,

except the fewer joints to the legume; but the difference in general appearance is
considerable.

709. (1) D. pulchellum (DC. :) stem erect : stipules free from the petiole and
from each other : leaves long-petioled, pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets elliptic-
oblong, pubescent beneath, glabrous above, terminal one the largest, all fur-
nished with partial stipules: floral leaves bifoliolate, the odd one abortive,
the lateral ones orbicular and bractea-like, the petiole ending in a bristle nearly
as long as the lateral leaflets: flowers aggregated : pedicels short: bracteoles
caducous : legumes 2- or sometimes 3-jointed, glabrous on the sides, villous
on the sutures.— DC. prod. 2. p. 339 ; Wall.! L. n. 5737 ; Wight ! cat. m 196.
—Hedysarum, n. 292, Linn.! fl. Zeyl.—H. pulchellum, Linn. sp. P- 1000; X
Roxb! fl. Ind. 3. p. 861 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1613.—Phyllodium pulchellum, —
Desv.—Zornia pulchella, Pers. syn. 2. p. 318; Spr. syst. 3. p. 311.—Burm.
Zeyl. t. 52 ; Pluk. t. 433. f. 7. =

From this ies D. elegans, DC. (or Desmodium lutescens, DC.) may
recognised by the leaves being velvetty on the upper surface, and by the ad
tiole of the floral-leaves ending a bristle that scarcely exceeds the partial pe
tiole of the lateral leaflets : we have both species from China.

tiole,

710. (2) D. biarticulatum (DC.:) diffuse : stipules free from the m
but cohering together to near their apex: leaves short-petioled, P' y
trifoliolate ; leaflets nearly equal in size, without ial stipules, o
oblong, obtuse, nearly glabrous: floral-leaves abortive: flowers 2-4 fon de
in the axils of stipules, and forming naked racemes: legumes 2-jointed, Wight!
ed with adpressed hairs.—DC. prod. 2. p. 339; Wall.! L. n. 5738; Mn
cat. n. 795.—Hedysarum, n. 296, Linn.! ft. Zeyl.—H. biarticulatum, AP" —

a

Exzioris. LEGUMINOS A. 281

sp. p. 1054 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 312 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 359 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
397.— Burm. zeyl. t. 50. f. 2.

XXXIII. ELEIOTIS. DC.

Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed or 5-cleft. Corolla papilionaceous : vexillum
obovate: keel obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1), permanent. Legume
compressed, composed of 1-2-joints, parchment-like, the upper suture straight
and thicker than the other: joints semioval, not prickly, l-seeded. Seeds
oblong, scarcely compressed, attached by their middle.—$Slender, herbaceous,
procumbent plants. Stems triangular. Stipules small, distinct from each
other, adpressed, acute. Leaves petioled, pinnately 1—3-foliolate, nearly gla-
brous. Racemes axillary, much longer than the leaves. Flowers distant,
small, in pairs, on slender 1-flowered pedicels.

We have retained this genus more on account of its distinct habit than any posi-
tive character by which it can be i uei ria na from Desmodium. The legumes are
quite peculiar ; the joints are scarcely like those of Desm. strangulatum, with which
alone, among Indian plants, they can be compared.

711. (1) E. sororia (DC.:) leaves trifoliolate, the lateral leaflets near the
base of the common petiole, oblong-ovate, very small or often entirely abor-
tive; terminal one many times larger than the others, reniform-orbicular,
emarginate at both ends, often variegated: calyx truncated, eir 5-
toothed: legume 1-jointed, 1-seeded ; joints slightly bluntish at both ends.—
DC. prod. 2. p. 348; Wall.! L.n. 5741 ; Wight! cat. n. 771.—E. monophyl-
la, DC. l. c.—Hedysarum sororium, Linn.!; Roab.ft. Ind. 3. p. 3525 in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 396.—Hallia sororia Willd. sp. 3. p. 1170 ; Spr. syst. 3. p.
195.—Onobrychis sororia, Desv.—Glycine monophylla, Burm. Ind. p. 161.
t. 50. f. 2.— Petiv. gaz. t. 82. f. 1; Pluk.t. 105. f. 2. —

De Candolle's two supposed species may be seen springing from the same
root, and even occur on different branches of the same individual.

712. (2) Rottleri (W. & A.:) leaves trifoliolate; leaflets about equal in
size, obovate-orbicular, slightly retuse, mucronate : calyx bilabiate, upper lip
bifid, lower 3-partite ; segments all short: legume 1-2-jointed ; joints sepa-
rated by a very narrow neck, 1-seeded, acute at both ends, upper one beak-
ed with the permanent base of the style.— Wight! cat. n. 770.—Hedysarum
orbiculatum, herb. Rottl.!/——Mysore.

XXXIV. LESPEDEZA. Michaux.

Calyx with two bracteoles at its base, 5-partite ; segments about equal.
Corolla papilionaceous: keel transversely obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9
ànd 1). Legume lenticular, compressed, flat, indehiscent, unarmed.—Stems
herbaceous or suffrutescent. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Stipules setace-
ous. Spikes or racemes peduncled or racemose. Bracteas 3-cleft, 2-flowered.
Flowers purplish, or yellowish with the vexillum spotted with purple, more
rarely white. |

TU i t. :) shrubby: stem erect, somewhat tomentose :
petiole korn, aus 6 d soundjsh-ovàté, villous ; nerves beneath
clothed with rusty tomentum: racemes solitary in the axils of the lower
leaves, fascicled 3-6) in the axils of the upper ones, 4-6-flowered: calyx
villous : legume rhomboid-ovate, pubescent, coriaceous, about the length of
the calyx.—Spr. syst. 3. p. 202.— Flemingia Rothiana, DC. prod. 2. p. 951.—
Hallia trifoliata, Roth, nov. sp. p. 852.

232 LEGUMINOSJE. ALHBAGI. |

-

B. Leaves simple: flowers racemose or spiked: legumes more or less terete. —Alha- =

gez, DC.
XXXV. ALHAGI. Tourn.—Manna. Don.

Calyx 5-toothed, the teeth small and nearly equal in size. Corolla papi-

lionaceous: petals about equal in length ; vexillum obovate, folded together ; i
keel straight, obtuse. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Ovary linear, with —

several ovules. Style filiform, glabrous, acute. Legume stalked, somewhat
woody, terete, few-seeded, contracted here and there irregularly with parti-
tions, not separating into distinct pieces in maturity. Seeds reniform.—Suf-
frutescent or herbaceous plants. Leaves simple. Stipules very small. Pe-

duncles axillary, spinescent. Flowers few, reddish, arranged in racemes
along the pecuncles. s

714. (1) A. Maurorum (Tourn. :) stem shrubby : leaves obovate-oblong,
glaucous beneath, glabrous : calyx longer than the pedicels, the teeth acute.
—DC. prod. 3. p. 352; Wall. L. n. 5760 ; Wight! cat. n. 839.—A. mannife-
ta, Desv.—Hedysarum Alhagi, Linn. sp. p. 10515 Spr. syst. 3. p. 316; Roxb.
Jf. Ind. 3. p. 344.— Manna hebraica, Don.

XXXVI. ALYSICARPUS. Neck. ; DC.

Calyx persistent, tubular or slightly campanulate, deeply 4-cleft, with the
upper segment bifid ; segments equal in length. Corolla papilionaceous. Sta-
mens diadelphous (9 and 1). Legumes terete or slightly compressed, com-
posed of several 1-seeded joints that separate at maturity.—Herbaceous or
suffruticose. Stipules and bracteas scariose. Leaves simple, entire, linear
oval or roundish, often presenting all these forms on the same species. Ra-
cemes leaf-opposed, or terminal. Flowers pedicelled, usually in pairs, em-

braced before expansion by a deciduous bractea, purplish, about the length of
the calyx. ;

§ 1. Calyx scarcely exceeding the lower joint of the legume, 4-cleft to the mid-
dle : upper segment deeply bifid ; all of them more or less subulate and ri-
gid, in fruit patulous and quite distinct from each other (the edges not
overlapping ) at their base. :

4. Joints of the legume orbicular, smooth (without reticulations).

715. (1) A. monilifer (DC. :) suffruticose, diffuse: branches hairy : leaves
orbicular or cordate-ovate and obtuse, glabrous : stipules about the length of
the petiole: racemes leaf-opposed, short; flowers in pairs, approximated :
calyx scarcely so long as the lower joint of the legume, between tubular
campanulate, deeply 4-cleft, the upper segment bifid ; segments rigid, subu-

late, in fruit distinct and qne reading: legumes 4—6-jointed, moniliform,
much contracted between the ee ; joints par '

obose, smooth, clothed witha

hooked pubescence.—DC. prod. 2. p. 353; Wall.! L. n. 5769. c.; Wight! eat.

n. 806.—Hedysarum moniliferum, Linn.? mant. p. 102; Burm. Ind. t. 52.
Í- 35 Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 345; Spr. syst. 3. p. 316.— Petiv. gaz. t. 26. f. 4.

Of Wall. L. n. 5769 we have not seen any letters but the one to which we
have referred. gh

5. Joints of the legume reticulated or wrinkled irregularly.

716. (2) A. nummularifolius (DC.:) suffruticose, procumbent, diffuse : |

stems branched, glabrous, or slightly. pubescent. towards the base: leaves -

eit

_ ÀLYSICARPUS. LEGUMINOS JE. 233

oval, obtuse, cordate at the base, sometimes varying to linear, glabrous or
pubescent beneath: stipules equal to the petioles, sheathing the branches :

_ racemes shortish ; flowers approximated : calyx deeply 5-cleft ; segments sub-
ulate, rigid, distinct and slightly spreading when in fruit: legume several
times longer than the calyx, nearly cylindrical, not contracted between the
joints ; joints thickened at their line of junction, glabrous, reticulated.— DC.
prod. 2. p. 353 ; Wall. ! L. n. 5767, a, b, d (we have not seen c) ; Wight ! cat.
n. 807, 808 (partly).—A. varius, Wall.! L. n. 5768, a, b.—A. diversifolius,
Wall.! L. n. 5772. b (the others not seen).—Hedysarum nummularifolium,
Willd. sp. 3. p. 1173; Spr. syst. 3. p. 319.—H. cylindricum, Poir. enc. meth.
5. p. 400.— Petiv. gaz. t. 26.f. 1; Burm. Zeyl. t. 49. f. 1. .

This species was taken up by Willdenow in consequence of Linnreus's re-
ference to Petiver, but the plant of the Flora Zeylanica and in Hermann's her-
barium, which Linnzeus described, is Indigofera echinata. De Candolle, on
the authority of Burmann’s herbarium, refers the tab. 49. f. 1. of the Thes.
Zeyl. to A. vaginalis: the figure and description, however, belong unques-
tionably to the present species.

717. (3) A. vaginalis (DC. :) suffruticose, diffuse: branches covered more
or less with spreading hairs: leaves from oval-obtuse and cordate at the base
to cordate-lanceolate or narrow linear, slightly hairy on the mid-nerve be-
neath: stipules equal to or exceeding the petioles: racemes terminal, elon-
gated ; flowers in rather distant pairs: calyx somewhat campanulate at the
base, 5-cleft to beyond the middle ; segments strongly nerved and somewhat
hairy, distinct and somewhat spreading in fruit: legume 3-6-jointed, several
times longer than the calyx, slightly moniliform or contracted between the

joints ; joints a little inflated, reticulated, pubescent, often slightly thickened
at the. line of junction.— DC. prod. 2. p. 353; Wight ! cat. n. 804, 805, 808
(partly).— A. diversifolius, Wall.! L. n. 5772. c (not b, we have not seen @).—
A. Rubibarna, Wall.! L. n. 5771. a, c (partly), d (partly, b not seen).—He-
dysarum, n. 287, Linn.! fl. Zeyl. p. 133.—H. vaginale, Linn.! sp. p. 1051;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 819; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 345.—H. varium, Roth, nov. sp.
p. 354.—H. bupleurifolius, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 346 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 392.
—Pluk. t. 59. f. 3 (bad). à :

The Linnæan herbarium contains three specimens under this name: one is

the true plant ; the two others belong to A. nummularifolius.

$2. Calyz 4-cleft to near the base: upper segment slightly bifid, emarginate,
or entire ; all of them oblong or oblong-lanceolate, glumaceous, striated,
in fruit erect with the edges overlapping each other, particularly at the
base, and forming a kind of tube that encloses the legume either entirely

or its lower half.
i a. Joints of the legume smooth (without reticulations). ub
718. (4) A. bupleurifolius (DC.: suffruticose, diffuse, glabrous: leaves
Siri cre mend aet ron es stipules longer than the petioles :
racemes terminal, elongated, few-flowered ; flowers short pedicelled, in dis-
tant pairs: calyx cleft to beyond the middle: segments lanceolate, acute,
striated, glabrous, ciliated at the apex: legumes glabrous, 3-5-jointed, some-
what cylindrical and scarcely contracted between the joints, from — A
long to twice as long as the calyx; joints smooth.—JDC. prod. 2. s 3
Wall! L. n. 5671. (excl. f.); Wight! cat. n. 803.—A. ludens, Wa eni
n. 5762. e, d, e (not f, the others not seen).—Hedysarum c MP N
Linn.! sp. p. 1081.—H. gramineum, Retz, obs. 5. p. 26; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3.
P. 646 ; Spr. ? syst, 3. p. 319.

b. Joints of the legume reticulated irregularly.
719. (5) A. longifolius (W. & A.:) herbaceous, erect, branched : stems te-

234 LEGUMINOSE. - ALYSICARPUS —

rete, glabrous: leaves short-petioled, linear-lanceolate, somewhat obtuse, -
slightly cordate at the base, glabrous above, a little pubescent beneath zep
pules large, longer than the petioles : racemes spike-like, very long, pedicels
short, approximated: calyx 4-cleft to near the base ; segments erect, over-
lapping at the edges, oblong, striated, hairy, ciliated, upper one shortly bifid:
legume slightly contracted between the seeds, reticulated, pubescent, 5-6-
seeded, about twice the length of the calyx.—Wight! cat. n. 809.—A. vagina-
lis, Wall.! L. n. 5763. c (partly).—Hedysarum longifolium, Rottl.; Spr. syst.
3. p. 319.———Corn-fields near Ongole, in the Northern Circars ; December
1831.

About 4 or 5 feet high, and is, as far as we know, the largest of the genus:
the leaves are from 6 to 7 inches long, but are less than 1 inch broad. We
have no doubt of this being Sprengel's and Rottler's plant, although the leaves
be described ovate-lanceolate and elongated.

c. Joints of the legumes transversely wrinkled.

720. (6) A. styracifolius (DC.:) biennial: branches diffuse, hairy: leaves
short-petioled, from cordate-oval to linear-lanceolate, a little hirsute beneath,
glabrous above : stipules as long as the petioles, and with the bracteas ciliat-
ed with long hairs on the margins: racemes terminal or leaf-opposed, short,
dense, hairy: calyx 4-partite ; segments erect, glabrous on the back, plu-
mose-ciliated, oblong-lanceolate, striated, upper one very shortly bifid at the
apex: legume glabrous, 2-4-jointed, much contracted between the joints,
scarcely longer than the calyx: joints transversely rugulose.—z ; leaves cor-
date-oval.— Wight ! cat. n. 809. —A. styracifolius, DC. prod. 2. p. 353. (excl.
syn.)—A. pilifer, Wall.! L. n. 5765.—A. cylindraceus, Desv. (according to

. in ann. sc. nat. 9. p. 417.) —Hedysarum styracifolium, Spr. ? syst. 3.
p. 319. (not Linn.)— ; leaves from oblong to linear-lanceolate.— Wight! eat.
n. 987.—A. scariosus, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5766.—Hedysarum scario-
sum, herb, Madr.! ; Spr. 1. c.—H. glumaceum, Koen.!; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3.
p. 647; Roth, nov. sp. p. 355 (not Willd., nor Vahl). (5
.. We have retained the name given by De Candolle, being the oldest: but
it originated in a mistake; the ded Hed. styracifolium is so totally un-
Ce that we are at a loss to conjecture how such. an error could have taken
place.

721. (7) A. Wallichii (W. & A.:) erect or somewhat procumbent, branch-
ed: stems and branches glabrous: leaves cordate-oval to linear-ac i
stipules erect, sheathing the branches, longer than the petioles: racemes ter-
minal, dense when in flower, elongating more or less in fruit: flowers 0n
rather slender pedicels: calyx 4-partite ; segments erect, oblong-lanceolate,
glabrous, slightly ciliated, overlapping at the edges, striated, upper one emar-
ginate: legume glabrous, somewhat compressed, 3-4-jointed, shorter than
the calyx, much contracted between the joints; joints transversely Ose.
—A- glumaceus, Wall.! L. n. 5764 (not DC.).—A. bupleurifolius, Wall.! L-
n. 5761. f.—A. ludens, Wall. ! L. n. 5762. f.—A. vaginalis, Wall.! L. n: 5169
€ (partly ).—Hedysarum bupleurifolium, Spr. ? syst. 3. p. 319 (not Linn.)-

. When we compared Wallich’s specimens (in the Linnzean Society's het
rium) of this genus with our own, we unfortunately omitted to commit to
writing our notes on Wall. L. n. 5763. a, b ; these letters, however, pro
belong to this species.

` 722. (8) A. Heyneanus (W. & A.:) erect aringly branched, all over pu-
bescent except the glabrous upper ras v the er and calyx: leaves
very short-petioled, broadly ovate, retuse, mucronate : stipules jlonger than x
the petioles : racemes axillary and terminal, short, dense, elongating in
glabrous, 4-partite, all the Segments acute: legume 3-5-jointed, c0 Uer
tracted between the joints, mucronate ; joints transversely rugulose; slightly =

Ervum. LEGUMINOSZ. 235

compressed, with the edges thin.—A. styracifolius, Wall.! L. n. 5770. c (a and
b not seen).—Hedysarum styracifolium, Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 947 (not Linn.)

A very distinct species, widely different in appearance from all the others
of the genus.

SUBTRIBE IV.—VICIEE. Bronn.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Legume continuous,
not jointed. Cotyledons thick, farinaceous, during germination unchanged and re-
maining under ground inclosed within the seed-coat. Radicle inflexed.—Leaves
abruptly pinnated (except in Cicer and some species of Orobus); the common petiole
not jointed at its base with the stem, produced at the apex (unless in the above ex-
ceptions) into a bristle or tendril.*

XXXVII. CICER. Tourn.; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 151; Lam. ill. t. 632.

Calyx 5-lobed ; tube more or less gibbous on the upper side ; lobes acumi-
nated, 2-4 of the upper ones pressing upon the vexillum. Legume turgid,
2-seeded. Seeds gibbous, mucronate.—Herbaceous annual plants with glan-
dular hairs. Leaves unequally or abruptly pinnated; leaflets and stipules
strongly nerved. Flowers axillary, often solitary. Legume hairy.

723. (1) C. arietinum (Linn.:) leaves unequally pinnated ; leaflets ovate,
serrated, equal: stipules lanceolate, somewhat toothed: calyx scarcely gib-
bous, the segments as long as the ale of the corolla.—Linn.! sp. p. 1040 ;
pr ! prod. 2. p. 354; Spr. syst. 3. p. 206; Rowb.! fl. Ind. 3. p. 334; Wall. !

- n. 5949.

XXXVIII. ERVUM. Linn.

Calyx deeply 5-cleft ; segments nearly equal, linear, acute, about as long
as the corolla. Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1):
ale longer than the keel but shorter than the vexillum. Style filiform. Stig-
ma glabrous. Legume oblong, 2—4-seeded. Seeds orbicular or globose.—
Leaves abruptly pinnated, terminated by a tendril.

724, (1) E. Lens (Linn.:) stem branched : leaflets oblong, about 8, some-
what glabrous: stipules lanceolate, ciliated: tendrils almost simple: pedun-
cles 2-3-flowered, equal to the leaves, terminated by a bristle: legume broad,
short, somewhat truncated, slightly inflated, reticulated, glabrous, 2-seeded :
seeds compressed.— Linn. sp. p. 1039; DC. prod. 2. p. 366; Spr. syst. 3. p. 270;
Wall.! L. .h. 5954. a.—E. dispermum, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1164 ;
Willd. en. p. 766; DC. l. c. ; Spr. l. c.—Cicer Lens, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 324.

E. pendulum, Roth, is mentioned by Sprengel as a native of East India ;
but this assertion is gratuitous, for Roth merely says that he received the
seeds of it from the Berlin Garden, under the name of E. dispermum, Willd.:
we think it can scarcely be a variety of E. Lens, but is more probably E. len-
ticula, Schrad. |

725. (2) E. hirsutum (Linn.:) stem branched: leaflets usually 10-12, li-
near, obtuse, mueronulate : stipules narrow, semisagittate, often pinnatifid :
tendrils usually 3-cleft: peduncles few- or many-flowered, about the length
9f the leaves: calycine segments lanceolate-linear, equal, longer than the
tube: legumes oblong, compressed, somewhat truncated, hirsute, finely reti-
culated, 2-seeded, drooping: seeds globose.—Linn. sp. p- 1099 ; DC. ! prod.
2. p. 366; Spr. syst. 3. p. 270; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 823; Wight! cat. n. 824,

_* We think it unnecessary nging to this subtribe, and enumerated in

allich’s List as Ponta or Be m ghey neti e all. L. n. 5950, Faba vulgaris, b

Waj L, Lathyrus aphaca, Wall. n. 5952, L. sativus, Wall. L. n. 5953, and Ervum monanathos
which are cultivated, and not even found in a naturalized state.

236 LEGUMINOS X. ABRUS.

825.—E. filiforme, Roxb.! in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1163; Wall.! L. n. 5955.—
E. Lens, Wall. ! L. n. 5954. c.—Vicia Mitchellii, Raf. ; DC. 1. c. p. 360.

SUBTRIBE V.—PHASEOLEJE, Bronn.

Corolla papilionaceous. Stamens monadelphous, or more usually diadelphous (9
and l). Legume several seeded, dehiscent, continuous, often with cellular, rarely
with coriaceous transverse partitions between the seeds, but not separating into joints.
Radicle bent along the edge of the cotyledons. Cotyledons thick, unchanged by ger-
mination.—Leaves usually trifoliolate, very rarely abruptly pinnated; primordial
ones opposite.

A. Leaves abruptly pinnated : stamens 9, monadelphous.— Abrineze.
XXXIX. ABRUS. Linn.; Gertn. Jut. 151.

_ Calyx campanulate, obsoletely 4-lobed with the upper lobe the broadest, or
toothed with the upper tooth bifid. Corolla papilionaceous ; vexillum ovate.
Stamens 9, monadelphous, cohering at the base with the claw of the vexil-
lum ; the tenth wanting. Style short. Stigma capitate. Legume oblong, com-
pressed, 4-6-seeded. Seeds roundish, separated by cellular partitions.—
Twining or diffuse shrubs. Leaves abruptly pinnated, with many pairs of
leaflets. Pedicels springing several together from large alternate, terete, glan-
dular tubercles along the racemes.

126. (1) A. precatorius (Linn.:) twining; ultimate branches with a few
adpressed hairs: leaflets 8-20 pair, linear-oval obtuse at both ends, a little
distant, glabrous or sprinkled with a few hairs: racemes axillary, peduncled,
from half as long to as long as the leaves, many-flowered : calyx obsoletely
lobed: claw of the vexillum longish, cohering with the staminal sheath at its
base and forming with it a short tube around the ovary.— Linn. syst. p. 533;
DC. prod. 2. p. 381; Spr. syst. 3. p. 235 ; Desv. in ann. sc. nat. 9. p. 418;
Roxb. ft. Ind. 3. p. 258 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1157 ; Wall.! L.n. 5818; Wight!
eat. n. 826.—A. pauciflorus, Desv. l. e, —A. minor, Desv. l. c.—Glycine Abrus,
Linn. sp. p. 1025.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 39 ; Rumph. Amb. 5. t, 82 ; Pluk. t. 214.

727. (2) A. fruticulosus (herb. Madr. ! :) diffuse ; ultimate branches, leaves,
and racemes „pubescent: leaflets approximated, narrow linear, mucronate :
racemes terminating the short leafy axillary branches, few-flowered : calyx
4-toothed 3 teeth triangular-acute, upper one bifid at the apex : claw of the
vexillum very short, cohering with the stamen-sheath only at the very base.
—MWall.! L. n. 5820 ; Wight ! cat. n. 827 Palameottah. Malabar.

B. Leaves trifoliolate.— Euphaseoleze.
XL. NOMISMIA. W. & A.

Calyx deeply bilabiate, without bracteoles at its base: under lip longer
than the upper, 3-partite, the middle segment the longest, about the length
of the keel ; upper bifid: all the segments bent faleately upwards, more or less
subulate, in :stivation enclosing the corolla and forming a hook beyond it.
Corolla papilionaceous: vexillum with two callosities near the base of the
limb. Keel faleate, the petals free from the base to the bend. Stamens dia-
delphous (9 and 1). Ovary 1-2-ovuled. Style glabrous. Legume stalked,
orbieular, much compressed, 1-2-seeded, strongly nerved or veined.
with a large fleshy oval 2-lobed carunculus at the hilum.— T wining pubescent
or hairy plants. Leaves petioled, pinnately trifoliolate: leaflets sprinkled

Nomismta. - LEGUMINOS XE. 237

with minute glands on the under side, with very minute setaceous partial sti-
pules at the base of the partial petioles. Racemes axillary, often springing
from the very young axillary twining shoots. Calyx hairy. Legume sprink-
led with hairs. ;

In this genus, as well as in almost all that follow of the Phaseolee, the tenth or
free stamen is jointed near the base, a character which De Candolle has given to
Rynchosia alone. Another peculiarity of structure, equally common to this group,
is that of the style, which, although often compressed in the lower half, is tumid, po-
lished, and of almost a horny texture for a considerable length below the point: it is
strange that. De Candolle should have overlooked this, inasmuch as that while de-
ee Cylista scariosa, where he had noticed it, he supposed it to be the effect of
accident.

128. (1) N. nummularia (W. & A.:) petioles longer than the leaves: leaf-
lets cuneate-obovate, broader than long, retuse ; racemes few-flowered, lax,
much shorter than the petioles, usually on the young shoots : calyx-segments
(except the lowest) about half the length of the corolla: legume strongly
wrinkled with a few parallel transverse slightly branched nerves, with reticu-
lating connecting veins, terminated by the straight mucro-like base of the
style, 1-seeded.— Wight ! cat. n. 835.—Glycine nummularia, Linn.! mant.
p.511; Spr. syst. 3. p. 196.—Rynchosia nummularia, DC. prod. 2. p. 386 ;
Wall.! L. n. 5493.

_ Linneus describes the racemes as slender and longer than the leaves, ow-
ing to having mistaken the young flower bearing shoots for racemes.

129. (2) N. capitata (W. & A.:) petioles about the length of the leaves :
leaflets nearly orbicular with a cuneate base: racemes peduncled, many-
flowered, longer than the leaves, with a slender leafless and somewhat abor-
tive young shoot springing from about the middle of the peduncle ; the flori-
erous portion at first somewhat lax, soon becoming very flexuose twisted
up and resembling a capitulus: calyx-segments long, subulate, forming a
short hooked point to the flower-bud during sestivation : vexillum not striped:
legume marked with numerous close parallel transverse veins, terminated by
the hooked base of the style, 2-seeded.— Wight ! cat. n. 837.—Glycine ca-
pitate, Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 946; Spr. syst. 3. p. 197.—Rhynchosia
capitata, DC. prod. 2. p. 386. à

ʻe have not seen a specimen named by Heyne or Roth, but, with the ex-
ception of the legume being stipitate (Roth says sessile), we can perceive no
essential difference between our plant and Roth’s description. We have,
owever, specimens from Rottlers herbarium marked by him Hedysarum
aureum, var., and given him by Heyne. |

730. (3) N.aurea (W. & A.:) petioles about the length of the leaves:
leaflets nearly orbicular, cuneate at the base, terminal one often rhomboid
and slightly acute: racemes peduncled, few-flowered, flexuose, shorter than
the leaves; not bearing a young shoot on the peduncle : calyx-segments long-
Subulate, much faleate, forming a long subulate hooked point to the flower-
bud during wstivation : vexillum broad, elegantly striped longitudinally with
dark-coloured veins : legumes marked with numerous close parallel me
veins, terminated by the hooked base of the style, 2-seeded.— Wight / cat.
^. 836.—Hedysarum aureum, Koen.; Rottl. |—Glycine aurea, Willd. nov. act.
nat. cur. Ber. 4. 1803. p. 18.—G. elongata, Roth, nov. sp. p. 947 ; Spr. syst.
8. p. 197.—Rhynchosia aurea, DC. prod. 2. p. 386.—R. elongata, DC. l. c.—
Dolichos rufescens, Graham ! in Wall. ! L. n. 5544.—Pluk. t. 52. f. 5 $

XLI. RHYNCHOSIA. Lour.; DC.

Calyx ebracteolate, bilabiate: lower lip 3-partite, the middle segment
usually the longest; upper bifid, about equal to the lower. Corolla papi-
15, deciduous: vexillum without callosities. Stamens diadelphous

238 LEGUMINOS JE. Ruyncnosia.

(9 and 1). Ovary 1-2-ovuled. Style glabrous. Legume obliquely ovate
or oblong, or falcate, slightly compressed, 1-2-seeded. Seeds with a carun-
eulus at the hilum.—Usually twining perennial or shrubby plants. Leaves
generally pinnately trifoliolate, rarely simple. Flowers yellow, axillary, ra-
cemose or solitary.

This pou, as it stands in De Candolle’s prodromus, contains several species that
are much at variance with the generic character there given ; and, on the other hand,
there is nothing in that character to separate it from Dolichos and some other ge-
nera. We have already separated one genus, and perhaps the followin subgenera
are equally distinct. R. virgata, Graham ! in Wall. T n. 5503 (with which Crotalaria
tuberosa of Don and De Candolle is the same), obviously belongs to neither of these
genera; it is Pyrrhotrichia tuberosa, herb. Arn. : the calyx is much shorter than the
corolla, about equally 5-cleft, the segments triangular and acute; the vexillum has
a callous ring at the base of the limb, and the spurs each a membranaceous appen-
dage; the fruit resembles that of Nomismia, to which genus it is allied in character,
but not in habit.

Subgen. 1. Evruyncnosta. Calyx-segments acuminated or subulate, the
lowest one the longest. Keel falcate. Ovary 2-ovuled. Legume 2-seeded.
Hilum and carunculus small.—T wining plants.

a. Bracteas minute or wanting: calyx shorter than the corolla : legume scimitar-
shaped, several times longer than the calyx.

731. (1) R. velutina (W. & A.:) twining; branches, petioles, and pe-
duncles, softly pubescent: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets roundish, cuneate at
the base, mucronate ; upper side slightly and softly pubescent ; under hoary
with a soft short tomentum, without glands: peduncles axillary, 1-2-flower-
ed ; flowers on longish pedicels: calyx somewhat campanulate ; middle seg-
ment of the lower lip subulate, faleate upwards, a little shorter than the
keel ; other segments lanceolate, nearly twice as short as the lowest one:
vexillum very pubescent on the outside, eglandular, marked on the inside
above the claw with two small gibbous projections : legume scimitar-shaped,
attenuated at the base, pubescent, (about 14 lines long by 4 broad), 2-seed-
ed.— Wight ! cat. n. 832. Negapatam.

732. (2) R. nuda (DC.:) twining; branches, petioles, and racemes, pu-
bescent: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets cuneate-roundish, rounded or retuse,
nearly glabrous on both sides except the pubescent nerves beneath, not dotted
with glands: racemes filiform, few-flowered, longer than the leaves ; flowers
distant, very Shortly pedicelled, deflexed : calyx-segments subulate, the
lowest one a little longer than the others ; vexillum nearly glabrous, scarcely
(or inconspicuously) dotted with glands, without gibbous projections on the
inside: legume pubescent, scimitar-shaped, attenuated at the base, (about 7
lines long and 2 broad), 2-seeded.— DC. mem. leg. p. 366 ; prod. 2. p. 385
(where by mistake the leaves are said to be dotted) ; Wight! cat. n. 831
(partly).—Hedysarum nudum, Rotti.

This is only to be distinguished from the following by the want of glandu-
lar dots on the under side of the leaves ; and although we retain it, we must
remark that it seems to be a very doubtful species ; the presence and absence
of glands, size of the leaves, and the length of the racemes, being characters |
subject to much variation, according to the soil and exposure. e have be-
fore us a label in Rottler's handwriting, but in the distribution of No. 831.
it may have been attached to a specimen not from Rottler: the specimen
along with it, however, and from which we have taken our description, agrees
with the character given by De Candolle in his Mem. sur les Legum., p- 366.
We rather suspect that Rottler did not intend to distinguish it from the next.

738. (3) R. medicaginea (DC. :) twining: branches, petioles, and racemes — —
pubescent or sometimes glabrous: leaves trifoliolate :; leaflets roundish, cu-
2

Ruyncnosia. LEGUMINOSJE. 239°

neate at the base, obtuse or retuse, occasionally rhomboid, nearl glabrous ;
under side slightly pubescent or hairy on the nerves, dotted with numerous
black or brownish glands: racemes few-flowered ; flowers very shortly pedi-
celled, deflexed: calyx-segments subulate, the lowest one a little longer than
the others: vexillum glabrous, dotted with glands, without gibbous internal
projections: legume pubescent, sometimes nearly glabrous when mature,
scimitar-shaped, attenuated at the base, (about 6 lines long and 14 broad),
2-seeded.—2« ; racemes more or less elongated, lax.— Wight! cat. n. 831 (part-
ly).—R. medicaginea, DC. prod. 2. p. 386.—R. nuda, Wall.! L. n. 5494.—
R. rhombifolia, DC. l. c.—Dolichos medicagineus, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 297 ;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 251; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 315 (as to the syn. of Willd. and
Burm., but exclud. char. and descript.)—D. scarabæoides, Roxb. l c. (as to
char. and descr., but exclud. syn.) ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 287. f. 2,—Glycine
rhombifolia, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1065; Spr. l. c., p. 197.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 84. f. 2.
he 3 etna very short, 1-3-flowered.— Wight! cat. n. 993.—R. ervoidea,
A s

The legume in all the species of the genus we have seen, is, unless when
very old, more or less pubescent ; and we, therefore, place no dependence on
that as a character: we have seen so many intermediate forms between our two
varieties, that we ought perhaps to have united them. R. microphylla, Heyne
in Wall. L. n. 5497, appears to be this species grown in a more arid soil ;
and R. ternuicaulis, Wall. L. n. 5495, seems merely a more luxuriant form
with longer racemes than usual. We suspect there are very few good a"
cies in the whole genus; nor are we able to point out any satisfactory cha-
racter by which to distinguish some of the West Indian species, and one be-
ore us from Juan Fernandez, from the present.

5. Bracteas oblong-lanceolate, longer than the pedicel, thin-foliaceous, somewhat

rmanent: calyx-segments longer than the corolla: legume oblong, a little
onger than the calyx.

734. (4) R. densiflora (DC.:) twining, all over pubescent except the co-
rolla: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets softly pubescent on both sides, dotted co-
piously on the under and sparingly on the upper with minute brownish resi-
nous glands, acute or slightly acuminated, lateral ones obliquely broad-ovate,
terminal rhomboid : racemes axillary, almost sessile, bracteated, short, dense,
many-flowered ; bracteas oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, a little shorter than
the calyx, and with the calyx sparingly villous and dotted: calyx-segments
narrow-lanceolate, subulate, longer than the glabrous corolla : legume oblique-
ly-oblong, shortly pointed, 2-seeded, dotted, pubescent and villous.—DC.
Prod. 2. p. 386; Waill.! L. n. 5492; Wight! cat. n. 833.—Glycine densiflora,
Roth, nov. sp. p. 348.—G. rhombifolia, herb. Madr. ! (not Willd.) —Hedysa-
Tum punctatum, Rotti.! in Berl. mag. p. 231 (not Poir.).—H. aureum, herb.
s p Rottl.)—Desmodium punctatum, DC. l. c. p. 338.——Cunna-

y . z

Subgen. 2. PHYLLOMATIA. Calyx cleft to near the base: segments almost
equal, oval-oblong, obtuse, foliaceous, about the length of the corolla. Keel
faleate, Ovary 1-2-ovuled. Legume sessile, a little longer than the calyx,
slightly compressed, obliquely roundish-oval or oblong, shortly pointed,
l-2-seeded. Seeds with a large bifid fleshy carunculus.

735. (5) R. (Ph.) rufescens (DC.:) diffuse or scarcely twining, densely
haat fonts Sextet aded, prominently reticulated under-
neath with the nerves and veins: racemes slender, usually elongated, few-

2-6}-flowered ; flowers solitary, distant, somewhat secund : calyx-segments
nearly as long as the legume, elliptic-oblong, obtuse: legume lens-shaped,
Short-pointed, 1-seeded, pubescent.—DC. prod. 2. p. 887; Wight! cat. n.
767, 768, 769.—Hedysarum rufescens, Rotti.—Glycine rufescens, Willd. nov.

240 .LEGUMINOS X. kHYNcHOSIA.

act. nat. cur. Ber. 4, 1803. p. 222; Spr. syst. 3. p. 196.—G. Pondicheriensis,
Spr. l. c.—Cylista suaveolens, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5587.——Soratoor,
Gingie, and Cunnawady mountains.

This is certainly the G/ye. Pondicheriensis of Sprengel, and we have no
doubt of its being also G. rufescens of Willdenow. Sprengel’s description of
a plant under the latter name in Willdenow's herbarium is no doubt slightly at
variance, in as far as he states the stem to be erect and the legumes glabrous ;
but the former appears to twine but very slightly, and perhaps only at the
extremities, and the legume, when old, has much of the pubescence rubbed
off: it is possible, however, that the plant in the herbarium is not that origi-
nally described, (for Willdenow does not seem to have had a specimen when
he published the genus Glycine in his spec. plant), and we are almost certam
that ours is the plant of Rottler. It is very variable in the quantity and co-
lour of its pubescence.

736. (6) R. (Ph.) Heynei (W. & A.:) diffuse, with the extremities slender
but scarcely twining, densely and softly pubescent : leaflets ovate ; upper side
nearly even, under with prominent nerves and transverse, veins : peduncles
axillary, bearing 1-2 fascicles of short pedicelled flowers : fascicles distant,
few-flowered, subtended by a roundish cordate bractea: calyx-segments
cordate-oblong, obtuse, nearly as long as the legume : legume oblong, with a
short oblique point, 2-seeded, constricted and with a cellular partition be-
ed the seeds, pubescent.—Cylista reticulata, Heyne! in Wall.! L. n.

Whether this be retained in Rhynchosia, or be separated with R. rufescens,
the specific appellation given by Heyne is totally inapplicable when com-
pared with its congeners.

Subgen. 3. Prycnocentrum. Calyx 4-cleft ; segments acuminated, nearly
equal ; upper one bifid. Vexillum with the margins of the spurs and of the
claw folded in: keel faleate. Ovary 2-ovuled. Legume sessile, oblong, 2-
seeded. Seeds with a large fleshy bifid caruneulus.—Erect shrubby pubes-
cent plants. Leaves trifoliolate, dotted. Peduncles 1-2-flowered.

_ 491. (7) R. (Pt.) suaveolens (DC.:) shrubby, erect, covered all over with a
viscous pubescence : extreme young branches sometimes slender and diffuse,
but scarcely twining: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly ovate, acute or
acuminated, inconspicuously dotted on the under side with yellowish glands:
peduncles 1-2-flowered, filiform, jointed, and with a bractea at the separa-
tion of the pedicels : calyx deeply bilabiate ; segments long-subulate, curved
upwards, nearly as long as the corolla : legume a little compressed, pubescent,
2-seeded, contracted and with a cellular partition between the seeds.—DC.
prod. 2. p. 387 ; Wight! cat. n. 160.—Glycine suaveolens, Linn./ suppl. p.
326; Spr. syst. 3. p. 196.—Hedysarum venosum, herb. Madr.!—Cajanus !
suaveolens, Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5519. :
_ This is almost the only instance that we know (R. Heynei being another)
in Rhynchosia of a legume with a cellular partition between the seeds ; but
notwithstanding that structure, we consider it more allied to the followmg
species than to the plants with which Dr Graham has associated it: it is,
however, an additional proof of the necessity of separating this subgenus.

738. (8) R. (Pt.) cana (DC.:) shrubby, quite erect, pubescent : leaves
trifoliolate ; Pda on the older oec Pradig peior or acumi-
nated, on the young shoots oblong-lanceolate acuminated, minutely dotte
with resinous glands on both sides ; upper slightly pubescent ; under dense-
ly pubescent or almost velvetty, rugose and reticulated with the nerves and
veins : peduncles axillary, 2-flowered, filiform, with a small bractea and j

at the separation of the pedicels: calyx 4-cleft to the middle, scarcely bila-

3

CHASSE LEGUMINOS X.. 241

biate ; segments lanceolate-acuminated, twice as short as the corolla: legume
clavate-oblong, slightly inflated, pubescent, 2-seeded, without a partition.—
DC. prod. 2. p. 386; Wall.!. L. n. 5498; Wight! cat. n. 830.—Glycine cana,
Willd. sp. 3. p. 1063 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 196.— Pluk. t. 213. f. 6 (a young shoot).
—Dindygul hills. Cunnawady.

is species approaches very closely in character to Flemingia ; so much
SO, that we had almost united it to that genus: it differs, however, by the
. habit, the calyx, and the seed: the legume is scarcely inflated,

XLII. FLEMINGIA. . Roxb.

Calyx ebraeteolate at the base, acutely 5-cleft ; the four upper segments
about equal, the lower one usually much longer. Corolla papilionaceous :
vexillum: without callosities ; the spurs inflexed at the margin: keel falcate.
Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Ovary 2-ovuled. Style glabrous. Legume
sessile, oval, turgid, 2-seeded, without a partition between the seeds. Seeds
nearly globose ; hilum small; carunculus inconspicuous or wanting.—
Shrubby or suffrutescent, Stipules seariose, lanceolate; sometimes very
large, usually deciduous. Leaves petioled, digitately trifoliolate or simple :
under side usually dotted with small glands ; the nerves prominent, parallel,
long and simple. Partial stipules wanting. Racemes axillary, solitary or
aggregate, sometimes panicled, Flowers several together, Legumes more or |
less pubescent.

$1. Leaves digitately trifoliolate : racemes straight, simple : bractea (stipule?)
lanceolate, solitary to each fascicle of flowers, scariose: flowers densely im-
bricated before expansion: lower calyx-segment elongated, subulate,—
Flemingiastrum, DC.

739. (1) F. stricta (Roxb.:) shrubby, erect: stems numerous, with few
erect branches ; branches triangular: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly lan-
eeolate, acuminated, glabrous ; under side minutely black dotted, the nerves
numerous and densely pubescent: petiole channelled, with a short margin:
Stipules large, a little shorter than the petiole, lanceolate-acuminated, con-
eave, sheathing, deciduous: racemes spiciform, solitary, the length of the
petioles or sometimes longer, peduncled: braeteas laneeolate-subulate, acu-
minated, longer than the flowers, caducous: legume without glands, nearly
glabrous.— Roxb. cor. 3. t. 248 ; fl. Ind. 8. p. 842 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 851 ; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 194; Wall.! L. n. 5745 (excl. e); Wight! cat. n. 818 (partly).—
Millingtonia stricta, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 401.—Crotalaria macrophylla,
herb. Madr.! (not Willd.)

740. (2.) F. eongesta (Roxb.:) shrubby, somewhat erect, young parts vil-
lous: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate-lanceolate ; upper side nearly gla-
Tous ; under pubescent, dotted with numerous black glands, the nerves
ly pubescent and rather distant: petiole nearly terete: stipules lanceo-
ubulate, 5-6 times shorter than the petiole, caducous: racemes dense,
9blong, rather shorter than the petiole, almost sessile, aggregated: bracteas
vate-cuspidate, shorter than the flowers, caducous : legume sgatoulen—
Roxb, fl. Ind. 3. p. 840; DC. prod. 8. p.351; Spr. syst. 3. p. 194; Wall. E L.
n. 5747 (excl, e partly); Wight! cat. n. 818.—F. semialata, Wall.! L. n. 5746.
^, e.—Millingtonia congesta, Rob. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1278.—Crotalaria ma-
aed ylia, Willd, sp. 3. p. 982 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 239.—Rhynchosia crotalarioi-
- 1. è., p. 387. ga s
F. semialata, Roxb. (Millingtonia semialata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1623) is very nearly allied, but is distinguished by the tiole being furnished
With a narrow wing, and the leaflets sprinkled with a few inconspicuous yel-
Q

242 LEGUMINOS X. Paa

lowish g nds, and not copiously dotted with black ones: to it belongs
Wall.! L. n. 5746. c, d, e, partly, (we have not seen a or f), F. stricta,
Wall. ! L. n. 5745. e, and F. congesta, Wall. L. n. 5747. e, partly.

` 741. (3) F. Wallichii, (W. & A.:) shrubby, erect; branches terete or ob-
soletely angled, young parts tomentose: leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets obovate-
lanceolate or rhomboid, obtuse, reticulated ; upper side glabrous; under.
dotted with glands, densely pubescent: petiole about half the length of the
leaflets, slightly winged: stipules several times shorter than the petiole,
somewhat persistent: racemes axillary, short, capitate: bracteas ovate, cus-
pidate, somewhat persistent: hairs on the calyx springing from yellowish
glands: legume nearly glabrous, free from glands.—F. semialata var. vestita,
Wall.! L. n. 5746. g.

742. (4) F. Grahamiana (W. & A.:) shrubby, erect; branches terete ;
young shoots tomentose : leaves trifoliolate; leaflets ovate, mucronate, the
nerves densely pubescent ; upper side hispid ; under glabrous except on the
nerves and veins, copiously dotted with black glands: petiole scarcely
as long as the leaflets, villous, winged: stipules 5-6 times shorter than the
petiole, persistent: racemes sessile, short, ovate, dense and capitate, 1-3 to-
gether: bracteas somewhat persistent, about the length of the flowers: calyx-
segments villous, particularly on the margins, sprinkled with bright red
glands, longer than the corolla: legumes pubescent, villous on the ventral
suture, densely covered with clammy red glands.— Wight ! cat. n. 816.

F. nana, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 339 (Mill. nana, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1622), appears to be very closely allied, but to differ by the racemes rather
lax and a little elongated, by the common petiole as long or longer than the
leaflets, and the size of the plant ; “ stem scarcely any, a short perennial lig-

. neous stump, of scarcely an inch in height, is all that appears above ground,
from which issue a few short subherbaceous branches, the whole height,
leaves included, not above 6 or 8 inches."

443. (5) F. Wightiana (Grah.:) shrubby, erect, branched : branches terete,
young ones angled, pubesceht : leaves trifoliolate ; leaflets oblong-lanceolate ;
upper side glabrous and slightly rugose; under densely tomentose, with a
few black glands concealed by the tomentum: petiole slightly margined :
stipules very caducous: racemes 2-3 to. ether, before expansion cylindri
oblong, densely imbricated and cone- ike, afterwards more lax: bracteas
ovate, acute, villous on the outside, caducous: calyx and legume without
glands.—Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5751; Wight! cat. n. 815.
Perhaps F. ferruginea, Wall.! L. n. 5750, is not distinct.

$ 2. Leaves digitately trifoliolate: racemes forming a loose panicle: bracteas
(stipules ?) in pairs at the divisions of the panicle and base of the pedicels,
minute, caducous : lower calyx-segments scarcely longer than the others ;
all of them shortly lanceolate : vexillum with a small gibbous scarcely cal-
lous protuberance on the inside a little above the claw.—Chalaria.

= 744. (6) F. lineata (Roxb. :) shrubby, erect, branched: old branches te-
rete and nearly glabrous, young ones angled and pubescent : leaves trifolio-
late; leaflets obovate or oblong, cuneate at the base; upper side glabrous ;
under pubescent when young, afterwards glabrous, inconspicuously dot
with minute yellowish glands, the nerves densely pubescent : petiole chan-
nelled, not margined, about half the length of the leaflets: stipules deciduous,
nearly half the length of the petioles: racemes arranged in a peduneled
fuse panicle: bracteas deciduous: calyx-segments about equal and with |
legume pubescent and covered with minute whitish mealy glands.—Roab. fl
Ind. 3. p. 341; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1624: DC. prod. 2. p. 851; Spr. sy5t-

3.p. 194; Wall.! L. n. 5752; Wight! cat. n. 817.—Hedysarum lineatums —

PuaskoLvus. LEGUMINOS JE. 243

Linn.! sp. p. 1054; Burm. Ind. p. 167. t. 53. f. 1.—Lespedeza lineata, Pers.
syn. 2. p. 318.—Onobrychis lineata, Desv. d

$ 3. Leaves simple ; racemes terminal or axillary, often with one or two branches ;
rachis flexuose : partial peduncles very short, with two scariose subulate
caducous stipules at the base, bearing at their apex floral-leaves and flowers:
bracteas or floral-leaves solitary, large, reniform, folded, inflated, imbri-
cated in two opposite rows, persistent, somewhat membranous, pubescent :
flowers pedicelled, several together at the apex of the peduncle, enclosed
within the bractea: lower calyx-segments a little longer than the others,
subulate: legume concealed within the bracteas.

745. (7) F. strobilifera (Brown :) shrubby erect; branches pubescent to-
wards the extremities: leaves simple, ovate, sometimes acuminated, blunt-
pointed, glabrous above, slightly pubescent and copiously dotted with minute
glands beneath: bracteas acute: legume pubescent.—Br. in. Ait. hort. Kew.
(ed. 2.) 4. p. 350; DC. prod. 2. p. 351; Spr. syst. 3. p. 194; Wall.! L.n.
5753.—Hedysarum, n. 287, Linn.! in herb. Herm.! ; ft. Zeyl. t. 3.—H. stro-
biliferum, Linn. sp. p. 1053; Burm. Ind. p. 165; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 350;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1276.—Zornia strobilifera, Pers. syn. 2. p. 319. :

The remainder of the character is the same as that of the section. We
scarcely know how to distinguish Hedys. bracteatum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 351
(in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1612); the shape of the leaves is too variable to afford a
sufficient mark ; in the drawing the bracteas are represented perfectly obtuse,
but as this is not noticed in the description, we cannot place much reliance
onit. F. fruticulosa, Wall. ! L. n. 5754, and F. abrupta, Wall. ! L. n. 5755,
are perhaps also forms of our plant; but whether different varieties or dif-
ferent species, they are mixed indiscriminately under the several letters of
both numbers.

XLIII. PHASEOLUS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 610.

Calyx campanulate 5-toothed, or bilabiate, the upper lip 2-toothed, the
lower 3-partite. Corolla papilionaceous: keel with the stamens and style
spirally twisted or circinate. Legume compressed or cylindrical, 2-valved,
many-seeded, with more or less conspicuous cellular partitions between the
seeds. Hilum of the seed oval-oblong.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants.
Leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets with partial stipules. Racemes axillary.
Pedicels usually in pairs, 1-flowered. Bc

$ 1. Stipules sessile: legume compressed.—Euphaseolus, DC.

* 746. (1) P. vulgaris (Linn.:) annual, twining, nearly glabrous: leaflets
ovate-acuminated qos sessile, recurved: racemes peduncled, cal
than the leaf; pedicels in pairs: bracteoles patulous: legumes pendulous,
straightish, slightly torulose, long-mucronate : seed ovate, a little e X

nearly glabrous: leaflets

compressed.— Linn. sp.

291.—P. compressus, DC.

393.—P. Romanus, Savi.

244 LEGUMINOS X. PuaskoLvs.

be regarded as a very suspicious species. Savi’s dissertation on these plants,
with [pne is an example of how much ingenuity may be wasted in splitting
species ; which, when accomplished, can be of little use either to the botanist
or to the gardener.

< * 748. (3) P. multiflorus (Willd.:) annual, twining, almost glabrous:
leaflets ovate, acuminated: stipules sessile, recurved: racemes long-pe-
duneled, longer than the leaves, floriferous part elongated : pedicels in pairs:
bracteoles broad, about equal to or shorter than the calyx, adpressed : le-
gumes pendulous, scimitar-shaped, long-mueronate, slightly torulose, few-
seeded : seeds oblong, compressed.— Willd. sp. 3. p. 1030 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 392 ;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 254 ; Wight ! cat. n. 725.—P. vulgaris, £, Linn. sp. p. 1016.

749. (4) P. lunatus (Linn.:) biennial, usually twining, glabrous or pubes-
cent: leaflets ovate, acüminated: stipules minute, reflexed, caducous: ra-
cemes shorter than the leaves, peduncled, the floriferous part elongated:
pedicels in pairs : bracteoles narrow, small, shorter than the calyx, adpressed,
caducous: legumes pendulous, scimitar-shaped, long-mucronate, not toru-
lose, glabrous, 2-4-seeded : seeds oblong, compressed.— Linn. sp. p. 1016;
DC. prod. 2. p. 393 ; Spr. syst. 3. p.254; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 287 ; in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 272 ; Wight! cat. n. 727.—P. vulgaris, Wall.! T.. n. 5595.

750. (5) P. rostratus (Wall. :) perennial, twining, nearly glabrous ; leaflets
ovate, acute: stipules sessile, reflexed : racemes long-peduncled, few-flower-
ed, shorter than the leaves: flowers in pairs, with a gland between them:
ale variously twisted ; keel with a’ very long spirally twisted beak: legume
pendulous, flat, curved, long-mucronate, scarcely torulose, nearly glabrous,
many-seeded.— Wall. pl. As. rar. 1. p. 50. t. 63; L. n. 5610.—P. alatus, Roxb.
fi. Ind. 3. p. 288.—P. amarus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 277.—Rheed. Mal. 8.
t. 42. Cirears. Malabar.

. The flowers of this species are very large, and in many respects approach
it to P. caracalla, Linn. ; a plant which, although said to be a native of India,
is not to be met with in any of the Indian herbariums, and is: more probably

a native of South America ; *we have received wild specimens of it from the
missions of Brazil. je

751. (6) P. Grahamianus (W. & A.:) erect?, glabrous: leaflets ovate,
acuminated: stipules sessile, small, recurved, deciduous: racemes long-pe-
duncled, longer than the leaves, few-flowered, floriferous part slightly elon-
gating in fruit: pedicels.in pairs: legume flat, not torulose, linear, narrow
— dan 3 — long and scarcely more than a line broad), n.
seeded, glabrous; valves at length twistino: Féspene..
Wight! cat. n. 724.— Courtalitar: bio Picea

r specimen is imperfect, not showing enough to enable us to determine
whether the plant be a twiner, or erect: there is, however, no tendency to
twine in what we have before us. We have not seen the flowers or bracteoles.

752. (7) P. psoraleoides (W. & A. :) erect, suffrutescent?: old branches
and leaves nearly glabrous ; young shoots and leaves underneath, and racemes
clothed with adpressed silky pubescence : leaflets lanceolate, acute : stipules
lanceolate-subulate, sessile, erect, striated, persistent: racemes 5-8 times
longer than the leaves, floriferous part elongated ; peduncle very long, stout,
terete : pedicels in pairs: bracteas and bracteoles subulate-setaceous, longer
than the calyx, caducous : calyx 5-toothed: keel circinate: legumes pendu-
lous, nearly straight, compressed, long-linear (about 4 inches long and 1 line
broad), many-seeded, pubescent; seeds compressed, short-oval, slightly
truncated at both ends.— Wight! cat. n. 730.— -Nopalty-

- Although sent to Dr Wallich by Dr Wight, as probably P. Max, we do not
find it in his List. When in flower, it bears a strong resemblance to P:

bituminosa, but it is an undoubted Phaseolus, and approaches so very near
to P. semierectus, Linn., that we had almost doubts if it were specifically

. PHASEOLUS. LEGUMINOSÆ. 245

distinet ; the leaflets in that plant however are broader, the keel rather dif-
ferent, the flowers more approximated, and the legumes nearly horizontal.

$ 2. Stipules adnate (produced and free at the base): legume cylindrical —
Strophostyles, Elliott.
+ Twining.

753. (8) P. calcaratus (Roxb. :) biennial, twining, villous: leaflets ovate,
somewhat 3-lobed: stipules lanceolate, adnate: racemes somewhat erect,
longer than the leaves ; the floriferous part elongated: bracteas lanceolate,
caducous: pedicels in pairs, with an intermediate gland: bracteoles some-
what permanent: keel with a remarkably long horn: legumes pendulous,
cylindric, slender, nearly straight, glabrous: seeds 6-7, glabrous, nearly cy-
lindrical.— Road. fl. Ind. 3. p. 289; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1602; Wall.! L. n.
5611. Mysore. he

Found by Heyne in a cultivated state in Mysore.

*754. (9) P. furinosus (Linn.:) twining: leaflets ovate-rhomboid, acute
somewhat 3-lobed: peduncles slightly longer than the petiole : flowers near-
ly capitate: legumes terete, not torulose: seeds cylindrical, truncated at
both ends, covered with a mealy tomentum.—Linn. sp. p. 1017 ; DC. prod.
2. p. 395 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 254.

755. (10) P. trinervius (Heyne:) twining: branches and petioles covered
with long spreading or deflexed hairs : leaflets of rather a hard texture, ovate,
acuminated, somewhat obtusely deltoid or lobed at the base ; young ones co-
vered on both sides with copious adpressed long shining hairs, densely ci-
liated with short brownish hairs; old ones sprinkled with harsh adpressed
hairs: stipules oblong-lanceolate, attached below the middle: peduneles
elongated, straight, slightly hairy, much longer than the leaves ; flowers form-
ing a kind of cylindrical head : legume horizontal, cylindrical, hairy.— Heyne!
in Wall.! L. n. 5603; Wight! cat. n. 731—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 37.

4- 4- Not twining. s
756. (11) P. Mungo (Linn. :) annual, nearly erect, somewhat flexuose,
ry: leaflets broadly-ovate or rhomboid, entire, acute or acuminated: sti-
pules oblong-lanceolate, attached below their middle: peduncles at first
shorter, afterwards longer than the petioles: flowers forming a kind of cylin-
drical head : bracteas and bracteoles lanceolate, caducous: keel twisted to
the left, with a short horn or spur near the base on the left side: legume ho-
rizontal, cylindrical, somewhat slender (2-23 inches long, and 13 line broad),
> 6-15-seeded ; seeds with numerous close longitudinal strive—Linn.
mant. p. 101 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 894; Spr. syst. 3. p. 255; Roxb. ff. viens 3.
P. 292 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 273; Wall.! L. n. 5589 (partly) ; Wight ! eat.
^. 995.—P. hirtus, Retz obs. 3. p. 38.—P. Max, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 295; in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 274.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 50. ee
, Roxburgh states that his P. Maz differs only in being more branched, an
in the colour of the seed being black, and not green as in his P. Mungo.
t P. Maz of Linnæus may have been it is difficult to decide: the syno-
nym of Hernandez is now P. Hernandesii of Savi; that of Rumphius is ge-
herally also excluded: the specimen of the Flora Zeylanica in Hermann’s
herbarium is not in flower ; it is very hairy all over, but does not appear a:
if it were an erect plant. |. cdd

757. (12) P. Wightii (Grah.:) diffuse, flexuose, hairy: leaflets broadly
ovate or rhomboid, acuminated, entire or 3-lobed ; the terminal lobe acumi-
Dated, much longer than the others: stipules oblon -lanceolate, attached

low their middle : peduncles elongated, about the ength of the leaves:

wers few, capitate: keel twisted to the left, with a short horn near the
_ base on the left side : legumes hairy, cylindrical, slender (about a line broad,

246 LEGUMINOS £. PHASEOLUS. —

and 2 inches long), 8-10-seeded, ascending: seeds with numerous close
obliquely longitudinal stris, cylindrical, somewhat truncated at both ends.—
Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5591; Wight! cat. n. 726.

758. (13) P. radiatus (Linn.:) stems diffuse, flexuose, and with the pe-
tioles and peduncles very hairy, the hairs long and pointing downwards:
leaflets hairy ; lateral ones obliquely ovate, pointed ; terminal one rhomboid
oblong, the angle on each side rounded and resembling a small lobe: stipules
oblong-lanceolate, pointed, attached below their middle: peduncles about
the length of the petioles: bracteoles oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, twice
as long as the calyx: flowers somewhat capitate: keel twisted to the left,
without any conspicuous horn near its base: legume very hairy, cylindrical
(about 2 inches long and 2 lines broad), 6-8-seeded, spreading.— Linn. sp.
p. 1017 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 395; Spr. syst. 3. p. 255; Wight! cat. n. 782.—
Dill. Eith. t. 315. f. 304 (good).

We have not examined the Linnzan specimen; but as he appears to have
taken up this species, in the Hort. Ups., from a cultivated plant, and as our
specimens agree remarkably well with Dillenius’ figure, obtained likewise
from a cultivated plant, referred to by Linneeus, and therefore probably the
same with his own, we have no hesitation in considering ours to be the true
one. We place no dependence on the stems being described erect, as in this
genus Linnæus merely uses that term in opposition to twining. The syno-
nym of Rumphius Amb. 5. (not 6.) t. 139. f. 2, referred to by Willdenow,
bears no resemblance to our plant.

759. (14) P. Rowburghii (W. & A.:) annual, diffuse, somewhat flexuose,
hairy: leaflets ovate, acuminated, slightly repand but not lobed: stipules
oblong-lanceolate, attached below their middle: peduncles erect, shorter
than the petioles, or equal to them when in fruit: flowers somewhat capi-
tate: keel twisted to the left, with a very long horn near the base on the left
side : legumes very hairy, cylindrical (about 14 inch long and 2 lines broad),
few- (4-6-) seeded, nearly erect: seeds smooth, somewhat truncated at bo
ends.—Wight! cat. n. 994.—P. radiatus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 296; Wall. L.
n. 5592.—P. minoomoo, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 275.—P. Mungo, Wall.!
L. n. 5589 (partly).——Cirears. Travancore. Malabar.

Perhaps this, with all the preceding of the section, may be referable to one
species: we have only retained them in deference to other botanists.

760. (15) P. trilobus (Ait.:) herbaceous, procumbent, diffuse : petioles
elongated : leaflets several times shorter than the petioles, roundish and en-
tire, or 3-lobed ; middle lobe cuneate-ovate or obovate, narrowed tow
the base : stipules oblong-lanceolate, attached below their middle: peduncles
elongated, ascending: flowers few, small, somewhat capitate: legume cylin-
drieal, glabrous or slightly hairy.— Ro/A, cat. Bot. 2. p. 86 ; nov. sp. P- 34;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 254; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 298 ; Wall.! L. n. 5588 (partly).—
Glycine triloba, Linn. mant. p.516.—Dolichos trilobus, Linn. mant. 1. p. 101 ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 399 ; Burm. Ind. t. 50. f. 1.—D. stipulaceus, Lam. ene. meth.
2. p. 300.—2; pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaflets roundish entire
Wight! cat. n. 733.—6; pubescent or nearly glabrous; leaflets deeply
lobed.— Wight! cat. n. 729 (partly).—P. trilobus, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1035; DC. —
l. c. p. 394.—, ; hairy ; leaflets deeply 3-lobed.— Wight ! cat. n. 729 (partly
—P. aconitifolius, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 276 (not of the Jf. Ind.)—
Piuk. t. 120. f. 7. p* ©

We have not seen the ripe fruit or the seed, in which better characters
inay be looked for than we have been able to give, to separate this species
from P. Wightii, from which it is very dissimilar in general appearance. If
Plukenet’s t. 214. f. 3, usually quoted under this species, actually belong to it,
it is very unlike any form of it that we have seen: Roxburgh refers it to Do-
lichos falcatus, and, like it, it appears to be a twiner ; but Plukenet says ia
ribus exiguis,” which is quite at variance with that plant. E

Sosa. LEGUMINOS#., 247

761. (16) P. aconitifolius (Jacq.:) annual, diffuse, procumbent, slightly
hairy: leaflets very deeply and palmately divided into 3-5 linear-lanceolate
lobes: stipules oblong-lanceolate, attached below the middle: peduncles
nearly as long as the petiole: flowers somewhat capitate : legumes horizontal,
cylindrical, nearly glabrous.—Jacq. obs. 3. p. 2. t. 52; Linn. suppl. p. 325 ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 394 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 254; Roxb. fi. Ind. 3. p. 299 ; Wight! cat.
n. 728.—P. trilobus, Wall.! L. n. 5588 (partly).—P. lobatus, Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 1159.—Dolichos dissectus, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 300.

XLIV. SOJA. Moench.

Calyx bibracteolate at the base, 5-cleft ; the three lower segments straight
and acute ; the three upper combined to beyond the middle. Corolla papi-
lionaceous, scarcely longer than the calyx: vexillum ovate, somewhat cu-
cullate and enclosing the ale, shortly clawed: keel oblong, straight. Sta-
mens diadelphous (9 and 1), the tenth close to the others. Sheath wanting
around the base of the ovary. Style short. Legume oblong scimitar-shaped,
2-5-seeded, membranaceous, furnished with cellular partitions between the
seeds. Seeds ovate, compressed.— Annual, erect, flexuose, very hairy.
Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. Flowers either aggregated in the axils, or in a
short axillary raceme.

* 762. (1) S. hispida (Moench).—DC.! prod. 2. p. 896 ; Wall.! L. n. 5529.
—S. Japonica, Savi.—Dolichos Soja, Linn. sp. p. 1021 ; Jacq. ic. rar. t. 145 ;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 2515 Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 814; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1607.

XLV. DOLICHOS. Linn.

Calyx campanulate, more or less 2-lipped ; the upper lip emarginate or
bifid, rarely entire; the under 3-partite, the middle segment or tooth longer
than the others. Corolla papilionaceous : vexillum as long as the keel, fur-
nished near the base with (usually 2—4) callosities : alee oblong, obtuse: keel
faleate, or incurved, obtuse, neither twisted nor bent to one side. Stamens
diadelphous (9 and 1). Legume 2-valved, more or less furnished with cellular
partitions between the seeds: valves neither winged nor prominently nerved.
Seeds oval, more or less compressed: hilum oval, small: carunculus incon-
spicuous.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent usually twining plants. Leaves pin-
nately trifoliolate. Flowers axillary, 1-2 together, usually racemose.

1. Spurie. Bracteoles none at the base of the calyx : calyx deeply bilabiate.

* . * * * 2$ t the
+ Upper lip of the calyx entire: vexillum with a semicircular callosity a.
Sade of the limb, e which is not decurrent along the claw.

EM inutel
763. (1) D.? punctatus (W. & A.:) twining, glabrous or very minute y
eap Meis filiform : oe ovate, bluntish, longer than x bas want
petiole, copiously dotted beneath with resinous glands : partial ni oun
ing: flowers solitary, short-pedicelled, axillary or remote on i rina
slender leafless shoots: calyx dotted: legumes lin dai OOE weary Sent
compressed, pointed, about 6-seeded.— Wight ! cat. n. sae t of the cal-
A very doubtful species, and merely referred to here on ide E amait
losity on the base of the limb of the vexillum: it has consi the à lv s tá
with Rhynchosia, but the fruit is very unlike. The Es A "bui
cimen we have seen is far from being mature, and is very compressed, bu
the style is that of the Phaseolee.

248 LEGUMINOS EK. Douicnos.

+ + Upper lip of the calyx bifid: vexillum with two callosities above the base of

" the limb, that are not decurrent along its claw: lower half of the style thin,

hairy; upper or swollen half and the stigma glabrous : legume oblong, 2-
seeded, pointed with the long straight base of the style.

764. (2) D. glutinosus (Roxb.:) annual, twining, covered all over, but
partieularly the young parts, witli glutinous somewhat harsh short hairs:
leaflets roundish-ovate, acuminated, the terminal one rhomboid and some-
times slightly 3-lobed : stipules sessile, ovate, spreading ; partial stipules ca-
ducous or wanting: racemes peduncled, longer than the leaves, straight,
many-flowered ; flowers alternate, usually solitary: vexillum sprinkled with
pu pubescence: legume hairy, oblong-lanceolate, pointed with the
ong base of the style, 2-seeded.— Roxb.! hort. Bengh. p. 55; fl. Ind. 3.
p. 312 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 290: Wall.! L.n. 5560; Wight ! cat. n. 884.—
Hedysarum glutinosum, herb. Madr. /—Glycine viscosa, Roth, nov. sp. p. 949.
—Rhynchosia viscosa, DC. prod. 2. p. 887.

Roxburgh describes and figures subulate partial stipules ; if ever present,
they must be very caducous, as there is not a trace of them on any of the
specimens before us. The vexillum is yellow on both sides, striated on the
outer with darker coloured veins.

765. (3) D. tomentosus (Roth :) twining, covered all over with scarcely-
glutinous very soft pubescence or short villi: leaflets roundish-ovate, acumi-
nated, the terminal one broadly rhomboid : stipules sessile, oblong-lanceo-
late ; partial ones somewhat persistent, setaceous : racemes peduncled, elon-
gated, much longer than the leaves, many-flowered : flowers alternate, usual-
ly solitary: vexillum densely elothéd with adpressed silky hairs: legume
oblong, somewhat scimitar-shaped, softly hairy, 2-seeded, pointed with the
long straight base of the style.— Roth, nov. sp. p. 945 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 4015
Spr..syst. 3. p. 251 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1152.

Perhaps too closely allied to Ð. glutinosus ; but the pubescence appears
qu different: the vexillum in the dried plant is dark purple on the inside.

th's description agrees in every point except the erect stem, a character
which he might have inferred from imperfect specimens.

2. Vere. Leaflets with partial stipules : calyx bibracteolaté at the base.

e Calyx deeply bilabiate; segments subulate : vexillum about a half longer than
ihe eel, not spurred at the base of the limb ; callosities lon , narrow,
EDEN et the poem am cohering with the keel at the base: cist

, TOUS: § i ; [e
aeroj Beg gma large, capitate, glabrous: legume compresse

766. (4) D. uniflorus (Lam.:) annual: stem erect ; branches twining,
young shoots and leaves covered with long soft silky hairs: leaflets ovate,
when old pubescent : stipules oblong: flowers axillary, 1-3 together, some-
times on a very short common peduncle : calyx villous; segments long, Su-
bulate, upper lip split at the apex: vexillum obovate-oblong ; keel straight-
faleate: legume compressed, linear, faleate, pointed with the long base of the
style, softly hairy, about 6-seeded.—Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 299; DC. prod. 2.
p. 398; Wall.! L. n. 5538 ; Wight ! cat. n. T41.—D. biflorus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3.
p. ui P Lour.)—D. Woolawa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 283.—Pluk..
_ D. biflorus seems to have been taken up by Linneeus from a bad descrip-
tion made by Royen from a cultivated plant: that it is the same as the pre-
sent species is very probable, but Linnæus himself did not refer to the above.
figure of Plukenet although both Willdenow and De Candolle do so. Judg-
ing from Linneeus’ short character of his D. pubescens, it appears also to be.
the same with ours, but we hesitate in consequence of its being said, perhaps
erroneously, to be a native of South America.—Roxburgh states that it 1$.
m ^md all over the Coromandel coast, but that he never saw it in a
wi te. :

DoricHos. LEGUMINOS E. 249

167. (5) D. ciliatus (herb. Madr.!:) root perennial, tuberous : stems twin-
ing, and with the petioles and racemes pubescent or slightly hairy: leaflets
from oval to ovate, obtuse or sometimes acute, mucronate, when adult glabrous
except the nerves underneath sprinkled with hairs ; margin densely ciliated
with much short silvery hair: stipules oblong, bracteas and bracteoles sessile, .
oblong-lanceolate, all of them rigid and elegantly striped longitudinally with
white and purplish stris: racemes axillary, much shorter than the petiole,
few- (about 4-) flowered: calyx segments long, keeled, subulate and somewhat
rigid towards their apex ; upper lip split: vexillum obovate: keel much fal-
cate: legume compressed, straightish scimitar-shaped, pointed, glabrous, 2-
4-seeded.—Klein ! in Willd. sp. p. 1049; DC. prod. 2. p. 398; Spr. syst. 3.
p. 249; Wall.! L. n. 5558 ; Wight ! cat. n. 740.—D. prostratus, Koen. in herb.
Banks; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 310.—D. argenteus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
288.— —Cirears. Courtallum.

_ Roxburgh mentions that the leaflets when young are silky on the under
side, but none of our specimens show any tendency towards this, nor is it re-
presented in his own drawing.

b. Calyx scarcely bilabiate, campanulate, 5-toothed ; the two upper teeth partial-
ly united, the lowest the longést : legume compressed.—Eudolichos.

768. (6) D. falcatus (herb. Madr. !:) root perennial, tuberous: stems twin- _
ing: leaflets somewhat roundish ovate, acuminated ; the terminal one more
or less 3-lobed : stipules oblong, pointed, sessile, reflexed: peduncles slen-
der, about the length of the petioles, 2-8-flowered at the apex: petals equal
in length ; vexillum broadly ovate, shortly 2-spurred at the base, with two
long callosities extending half-way up the limb compressed and project-
ing inwards at the apex; keel much faleate: ovary surrounded by a short
sheath at the base: tumid part of the style sessile, glabrous ; stigma capitate,
woolly: legume linear, faleate, glabrous, compressed, 4-8-seeded ; valves
flat.—D. trilobatus, Wall. L. n. 8541.—«; stems glabrous or slightly hairy ;
leaflets glabrous or slightly pubescent.— Wight! cat. n. 743.—D. falcatus,
Klein! in Willd. sp. 3. p. 1047 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 398 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 249 ;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 311.—D. tuberosus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 289 (excl.
Syn. Lour. and Pluk.)—é ; stems and leaflets hairy.— Wight! cat. n. 742.

he more hairy states of this plant are found in the drier and warmer si-
tuations ; the more glabrous towards the north of the Peninsula. :

` 169. (7) D. subcarnosus (W. & A.:) glabrous, twining: leaflets broadly.
ovate, slightly acuminated, mucronulate, somewhat fleshy ; terminal one
deltoid : stipules sessile, ovate, striated: racemes few-flowered, on peduncles
many times longer than the leaves: legumes long-linear, narrow (2-4 inches
long and scarcely 14 line broad), straight, pointed with the slightly recurved
subulate persistent base of the style, glabrous, many-seeded, not torulose,
slightly compressed ; valves a little convex.— Wight ! cat. n. 737.
_ Of this species we have not seen the flowers, but we have little doubt about
its being of the present genus: the pod is neither flat as in the species we
àve already described, nor terete as in those which follow, but between the
two. It was sent by Dr Wight's collectors under the native name of Cat-
thatan-payarroo, but it cannot be any variety of D. Catjang of Linneeus.

*. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed ; the two upper teeth partially united, the low-
est the longest : legume terete, subulate-pointed.—Catjang, DC. |

710. (8) D. pilosus (Roxb.!:) perennial, twining, softly hairy or pubes-
cent: leaflets ovate-lanceolate: stipules sessile, lanceolate: racemes short,
axillary, short-peduncled, several-flowered ; bracteoles minute: alee about
the length of the other petals, angled, with a spur or horn at the base on

the one side and another on the other side near the apéx ; vexillum broadly
_ obovate : upper part of the style glabrous: stigma bearded: legume long

250 LEGUMINO&E. lani)

4-5 inches), straight, cylindric, pointed, very hairy, 8-12-seeded, much in-
pret iiem the sarane Sary ! fl. Ind. 3. p. 312 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
291; Klein! in Willd. sp. 3. p. 1043; DC. prod. 2. p. 397; Spr. syst. 3. p.
249; Wight! cat. n. 139.—Phaseolus difformis, Wall.! L. n. 5599. Circars.
Travancore.

d. Calyx campanulate, 5-toothed ; the two upper teeth partially united ; the low-
est longer than the others: legume terete, unguiculate (ending in a trans-
versely compressed beak, concave on the under side). —Unguicularia, DC.

771. (9) D. Sinensis (Linn. :) annual, twining, glabrous, upper parts often
slightly scabrous: leaflets ovate or oblong, acuminated: stipules oblong-lan-
ceolate, attached below the middle and free at the base: peduncles longer
than the leaves ; flowers in an oblong head or short raceme : upper part of
the style bearded along the one side: legume nearly straight, cylindric, toru-
lose, with a more or less recurved unguiculate beak, glabrous, 6-12-seeded :
seeds somewhat cylindric, truncated at both ends.— Wall. L. n. 5550.—D.
Catjang, Wall.! L. n. 5549.—4 ; leaflets ovate-acuminated : peduncles often
many-flowered ; legumes pendulous, long.—D. Sinensis, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1038 ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 399 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 249 ; Roxb. ft. Ind. 3. p. 302 ; in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 279.— Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 134 (bad).—$ ; leaflets oblong, acuminat-
ed, angled or somewhat hastate at the base: peduncles few-flowered: le-
gumes erect.— Wight! cat. n. 738.—D. Tranquebaricus, Jacq. hort. Vind. 3. t.
40; herb. Madr.! ; DC. prod. 2. p. 400 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 249.—D. Catjang,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 303 (not Linn.) —Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 41 ? ¢

We cannot distinguish these varieties except as more or less luxuriant
states of the same plant: Roxburgh refers the D. T'ranquebaricus, raised in
Bengal from seed sent by the missionaries, to his D. Sinensis (our «), while
the dried specimens we have of the same plant, obtained from Klein's herba-
rium, belong to our £, probably from being grown in a drier and less fertile
Soil: Rheede's figure above quoted has the leaves of our z, but the erect and
shorter legumes of our £. D, Catjang of Linneeus, according to his descrip-
tion and the figure in Rumphius, is a very different species from either.

XLVI. LABLAB. Adans. 3 Moench.—Dolichos. Gert. fr. 2. t. 150.

Calyx bibracteolate, campanulate-tubular, 4-cleft; the three lower seg-
ments acute, the upper broad. Corolla papilionaceous: vexillum patent,
channelled at the base, with 4 callosities, the upper pair prominent: keel fal-
cate, bent in at a right angle. Stamens diadelphous, the tenth received with-
in the callosities of the vexillum. Ovary with a short tubular sheath at its

base. Style compressed, upper part bearded on the under side. Stigma a
truncated glabrous gland, terminal. Legume compressed or flat, tubercled
or muricated along both sutures, about 4-seeded, with cellular partitions be-
tween the seeds. Seeds ovate, somewhat compressed ; hilum long, linear,
extending from the podosperm nearly half round the seed.— T wining, herba-
ceous or perennial, glabrous or slightly pubescent plants. Stipules spreading-
Leaves pinnately trifoliolate 3 leaflets entire, furnished with partial stipules. -
Racemes axillary, elongated, peduncled, usually bearing a leaf near its base:
pedicels short, aggregated on alternate glandular knobs, Bracteoles broadly
oval, about as long as the calyx.

.. 412. (1) L. vulgaris (Savi :) legumes bro imitar- «d, gibbous Þe-
low the apex, am ending KR s ina iced Papst ne e point a
seeds longitudinally oval.—DC. prod. 2. p. 401: Wall.! L. n. 5537 ; Wight!
in Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 352. suppl. t. 15; cat. m. 745, 746, 747.—L. lignosus»
Wall.! L. n. 5537. b.—L. Nankinicus, Savi ; DC. L c. p. 402.—L, leucocar-

PACHYRRHIZUS. LEGUMINOSÆ. 251

pus, Savi; DC. l. e.—L. microcarpus, DC. I. e—L. perennans, DC. l: e.—
Dolichos Lablab, Linn. ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 249; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 305.—D.
spicatus, Koen. ; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 282.—D. albus, Lour. ; Spr. l. c.
p. 250.—D. Benghalensis, Jacq. hort. Vind. 2. t. 124; Spr. l. c. p. 249.—D.
purpureus, Jacq. frag. p. 45. t. 55 ; Spr. l. c. p. 250.—D. tetraspermus, Willd.
sp. 3. p. 1044; DC. l e. p. 397; Spr. l. e.—D. cuspidatus, Grah. / in Wall.!
L. n. 5566.— Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 136, 137, 141. Jc.

So various are the forms of the legume, and the colour of the seed, that we
agree with Roxburgh in bringing together many of the supposed species of
authors. The characters proposed by Savi, aud adopted by De Candolle,
are derived from the few permanent varieties known in Europe.

773. (2) L. cultratus (DC.:) legumes oblong-linear, faleate and recurved
at a right angle towards the apex, with a subulate point; seeds transversely
oval.— DC. prod. 2. p. 402; Wight! cat. n. 744.—L. lignosus, Graham! in
Wall.! L. n. 5538 (partly).—Dolichos cultratus, Thunb. ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 249.
—D. ensiformis, T'unb.—D. lignosus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 307 (not Linn.).—
D. Lablab, Roxb. in. E. I. C. mus. tab. 281.

Roxburgh enumerates six varieties. Our specimens of Dol. lignosus, ob-
tained from the botanical garden of Edinburgh, and precisely agreeing with
the figure in the bot. mag. t. 382, as well as with the Linnean description, is
a very different plant, and apparently a true Dolichos, although we have not
seen the fruit or seed: the flowers form a sort of umbel or very short lax ra-
ceme at the apex of the pedüncle; they are solitary and do not spring out of
glandular knobs.

XLVII. PACHYRRHIZUS. Rich.— Cacara, Pet. Th.

Calyx with 2 caducous bracteoles, urceolate, 4-lobed, the upper lobe broad
and emarginate. Corolla papilionaceous : vexillum roundish, spreading, with-
out callosities, at the base with two plaits enclosing the claws of the wings :
ale semilunate, with a long filiform spur. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1),
alternately shorter. Ovary with a crenulate ring round its base. U pper part
of the style glabrous, spirally incurved. Stigma large. Legume linear, com-
Pressed, straight, contracted between the seeds. Seeds 7-12, orbicular, com-
pressed: hilum small.—Root a turnip-like tuber, often very large, eatable.
Stems somewhat perennial, twining. Leaves pinnately-trifoliolate: leaflets
With partial stipules. Racemes axillary, often very long. Flowers fascicled
9n large glandular knobs, violet-blue.

“774. (1) P. angulatus (Rich.:) young parts with reflexed soft hairs : leaf-
lets angled-toothed, glabrous or villous ; lateral ones triangular ; terminal re-
niform-rhomboid, acuminated : stipules large, ensiform : racemes very long :
legume sprinkled with short hairs —DC. prod. 2. p. 402; Spr. syst. suppl. p.
281; Wall.! L. n. 5526.—Dolichos bulbosus, Linn. sp. p. 1020 ; Roxb. fl. Ind.
3. p. 309 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1606.—Stizolobium bulbosum, Spr. syst. 3.
P. 252.— Rwumph. Amb. 5. t. 132 ; Pluk. t. 52. Ff. 4. ;

Roxburgh conjectures this may have come originally from America.

XLVIII? PAROCHETUS. Ham.

Calyx ebracteolate, campanulate, 4-cleft ; segments equally broad, the low-
est one longer than the others. Corolla longer than the calyx, papilionaceous :
vexillum incumbent, broadly obovate, emarginate, longer than the other pe-
tals: keel obtuse, covered by the ale. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Style
_ glabrous. Stigma obtuse. “ Legume gibbous, many-seeded. Seeds round-
. 18h”— Herbaceous perennial creeping plants. Petioles long, erect. Leaves

t

252, LEGUMINOS AE. PsopHocarrus. —

several times shorter than the petioles, palmately-trifoliolate. Stipules mem-
branaceous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, erect, about as long as the petioles,
bibracteolate about the middle, 1-flowered. Flowers purplish.

We have not seen the fruit or the seed; we leavetit therefore;where placed by
De Candolle, and on the supposition that by semina subrotunda, Don means some-
what globose. The digitately trifoliolate leaves, however, and the creeping stems,
appear to remove it far from Dolichos.

775. (1) P. major (Don :) leaflets obovate, retuse, crenulated.— Don, prod.
A. Nep. p. 241 ; DC. prod.2. p. 403; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 219 (char. bad); Wall.
L. n. 5525 ; Wight! cat. n. 723. Neelgherries.

We have seen neither Don’s nor Wallich’s specimens, so that our species
from the Peninsula may be distinct from that from Nepal. Injours the leaflets
are glabrous on the upper side, strigosely pubescent on the under: the pe-
tioles, peduncles, and calyx are sprinkled with fa few soft spreading hairs:
the habit is quite that of àn Ozalis.

XLIX. PSOPHOCARPUS. Neck.—Botor. Adans.

Calyx with 2 oval bracteoles at its base, urceolate, somewhat unequally bi-
labiate: upper lip rather the largest, 2-lobed, lower 3-partite: the four up-
per segments oval, the lowest narrower and longer than the others ; all ob-
tuse. Corolla papilionaceous : vexillum roundish, reflexed, without callosi-
ties; the margins of the spurs and claw inflexed : alse oblong, with a spur
near the base; the spur attached by its middle, and parallel to the ale, the
one segment pointing downwards, the other upwards: keel-petals distinct at
the base. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Ovary with a very short crenu-
late ring round its base. Style glabrous. Stigma large, woolly. Legume

oblong, with 4 longitudinal membranaceous angles or wings, 7-8-seeded.
Seeds roundish.—Root tuberous, annual. Stems twining, glabrous. Leaves
pinnately trifoliolate: leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous. Sti-

pules semisagittate. Peduncles about the length of the petioles, bearing a few
flowers about their apex.

“776, (1) P. tetragonolobus (DC.)— DC. prod. 2. p. 403; Wall.! L. n. 6540

(». 204) ; Wight! cat. n. 734 —Dolichos tetra j 3
* cat. n. 734. gonolobus, Linn.; Spr. syst. 3.
rs .— D. ovatus, Grah. in Wall. L. n. 5540 (p. 191).—Rumph. Amb. 5. t.

L. CANAVALIA. Adans. ; DC.

Calyx with two roundish very caducous bracteoles at its base, tubular, un-
equally bilabiate: upper lip much the largest, of two large rounded lobes ;
lower small, acutely 3-toothed. Corolla papilionaceous ; vexillum roundish,
with two large callosities near the base of the limb : hb linens: oblong, auri-
€led and repand on the upper margin: keel faleate at a right angle, its petals
distinct from the base to the angle. Stamens 10, monadelphous. Ovary sur-
rounded at the base with a small crenulated cup. Stigma large, oblique;
glabrous. Legume compressed, 3-keeled on the upper suture, mucronate,
with cellular membranes surrounding and Separating the seeds. Seeds oval-
oblong: hilum linear, extending along the one margin of the seed.—Herba-

€eous or suffrutescent plants. Branches twining. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate. -
Stipules small, wart-like: partial stipules Setaceous, often caducous. Ra-
cemes axillary, elongated, many-flowered. Flowers in pairs or threes on

glandular knobs, large, purplish.

CANAVALIA. LEGUMINOSÆ. 253

Roxburgh in his drawings, and De Candolle, make the stamens sometimes dia-
delphous : we have not yet found them so in any one instance.

777. (1) C. gladiata (DC.:) perennial, twining, glabrous: leaflets cordate-
ovate, rather acute : legumes 5-10 times (or more) longer than broad.—DC.
prod. 2. p. 404 (a); Wall.! L. n. 5531 (partly) ; Wight ! cat. n, 736. bis.—Do-
lichos gladiatus, Jacq. ic. rar. 3. t. 560 ; Willd. sp. 3. p. 1039 ; Spr. syst. 3.
p. 249 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 300.—D. ensiformis, Lour. (partly); Roxb. in E.
I. C. mus. tab. 278 (not? Linn.)— Rheed. Mal.8. t. 44 (good) ; Rumph. Amb.
5. t. 185. f. 1.

The Linnzan D. ensiformis is a Jamaica plant, figured by Sloane (Jam. 1.
t. 114. f. 1, 2, 3), and although that figure be pronounced by Roxburgh a
good representation of the East Indian plant, we hesitate about uniting them:
we have not, however, seen specimens from Jamaica.

778. (2) C. virosa (W, & A. :) biennial, twining, glabrous or with the ra-
cemes pubescent: leaflets oval or ovate ; legumes linear scimitar-shaped, 4-
8-seeded.— Wight ! cat. n. 736.—C. gladiata 8, DC. prod. 2. p. 404; Wall. L.
n. 5531 (partly).—Dolichos virosus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 301.—D. ensiformis,
Lour. (partly).—Rheed. Mal. 8, t. 45.

We have referred to n. 736. of Wight's catalogue from the shape of the
leaves alone; they are rounded, and not the least cordate at the base ; they
are, however, more acute both in our specimen and in Rheede's figure than
according to Roxburgh, who describes them “ oval, scarcely pointed.

779. (3) C. mollis (Wall.:) twining; stems slightly, branches densely pu-
bescent: leaflets ovate, young ones tomentose, older ones shortly villous :
legumes oblong-linear, few-seeded.— Wall. ! L. n. 5533; Wight! cat. n. 135.
—Neelgherries. Dindygul hills.

780. (4) C. obtusifolia (DC. :) biennial, twining, glabrous : leaflets round-
ish-obovate : legumes semi-oval, straight, about twice as long as broad, 3-6-
seeded.— DC. prod. 2. p. 404; Wall. ! L.n. 5532 ; Wight ! cat. n. 748.—Doli-
chos obtusifolius, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 295.—D. rotundifolius, Vahl, symb. 2.
p.81; Spr. syst. 3. p. 251; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 302.— Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 43;
Pluk. t. 51. f. 2.— Sands along the sea coast of Coromandel and Malabar A
at the mouth of the Godavery in the north, and between Quilon and Anjen-
go in Travancore on the south.

LI. MUCUNA. Adans.—Hornera, Neck—S$Stizolobium, Pers.—Negre-
tia, R. & P.—Citta, Lour.—Carpopogon, Roxb.

Calyx with 2 very caducous bracteoles as long as the tube, campanulate,
bilabiate : upper lip broad, entire or emarginate : lower trifid, the middle seg-
ment the longest. Corolla papilionaceous: vexillum cordate, incumbent on
the alee, much shorter than them and the keel, without callosities : ale oblong-
linear, connivent, sometimes slightly cohering together by their spurs between
the vexillum and keel: keel straight below, slightly faleate in the upper
part, terminated by a smooth polished acute beak. Stamens etr en
(9 and 1), alternately longer: anthers alternately oblong and ovate. Style
long and slender; its lower part hairy, upper glabrous. Stigma small. Le-
gume linear, oblong, or roundish, few- (1-8-) seeded, with partitions between
the seeds, polished within. Seeds oval, roundish, or reniform, with a eda
oblong or linear hilum.—Twining plants. Leaves pinnately mre ei ;
leaflets with partial stipules. Racemes elongated or short and umbel-like,
often pendulous when in fruit. Legumes usually densely clothed with rigid
brittle sharp hairs.

254 LEGUMINOSZ. Mucuna.

$ 1. Legumes roundish or oblong, 1-3-seeded, deeply furrowed along the su-
tures ; the valves furnished with oblique lamelle or plaits that anastomose
and form long cells on the surface.—Citta, Lour.

n (1) M. monosperma (DC.:) perennial: leaflets ovate, when young

pubescent, adult ones nearly glabrous: racemes short, somewhat corymbi-
form, short-peduncled, drooping: pedicels long : lowest calyx-segments long-
ish pointed ; the others very short and inconspicuous: legume semi-oval, ob-
liquely plaited, 1-seeded, armed with very stiff stinging hairs: seed reniform ;
the hilum entirely surrounding the convex margin.— DC. prod. 2. p. 406.
(without char.) ; Wall. L. n. 5623; Wight! in Hook. Bot. misc. 2. p. 346.
Suppl. t. 12 ; cat. n. 752.—Carpopogon monospermum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 289.

- —Dolichos urens, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 286.

782. (2) M. atropurpurea (DC.:) perennial: leaflets ovate, acuminated,
adult ones nearly glabrous: racemes drooping, long-peduncled, sometimes.
compound ; the floriferous portion sometimes elongated ; pedicels long, slen-
der, compressed: calyx-segments all broadly ovate, obtuse: legume oblong-
oval, obliquely plaited, 2- (or sometimes 1-) seeded, copiously armed with
brown stinging hairs: seed oval, more convex on the one side, and there fur-
nished its whole length with the linear hilum.— DC. prod. 2. p. 406 (without
char.) ; Wall.! L. n. 5620 ; Wight! cat. n. 151.—Carpopogon atropurpureum,
Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 3. p. 287. Courtallum. Travancore.

It is difficult to explain in words the nature of the plaits on the legume:
in the present species there are (always?) four series of them, proceeding
from the apex of the fruit; each of these takes a diagonal direction from
right to left, for about half the breadth of the pod; it then makes a turn and
proceeds upwards, parallel to and at no great distance from the former plait,
and after having thus reached close to the starting point, it bends its course

in obliquely downwards: the whole plaits from the apex to the base of

legume are formed in this way ; so that each valve might be described as
covered with only two long obliquely anfractuose lamella. In JM. mono-
sperma the arrangement is not quite so regular or conspicuous in our speci-
mens, but we have no doubt of its being similar.

$ 2. Legumes oblong, deeply furrowed along the sutures: valves even (without

plaits ).—Carpopogon.

783. (3) M. gigantea (DC. :) perennial : leaflets ovate, acute, adult ones gla-
brous: flowers almost umbellate, at the apex of long pendulous peduncles:
pedicels long, slender: three lower calyx-segments short, tooth-like; the
others very short and inconspicuous: legume linear-oblong, tapering at the
base into a short stalk, deeply furrowed along the sutures, not plaited, armed
with stiff brown stinging hairs, 3-6-seeded : seeds oval, surrounded on
more convex margin with the long linear hilum.— DC. prod. 2. p. 405 (2);
Wall.? L. n. 5619; Wight! in Hook. Bot. mise. 2. p. 357. Suppl. t. 14; cat.
n. 753.—Dolichos giganteus, Willd, sp. 3. p. 1041; Spr. syst. 3. p. 250.—
Carpopogon giganteum, Roxb. fl. Ind, 3, p. 286.—Stizolobium giganteum, Sp”.
syst. suppl. p. 281.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 36.— Negapatam. Malabar, i

$3. Legumes linear, not sulcated on the sutures: valves without plaits.—
Stizolobium, Browne,

784. (4) M. hirsuta (W. & A.:) branches, petioles, racemes and under

side of the leaflets hirsutely tomentose: leaflets ovate, upper side hirsutely

ubescent: racemes drooping, long-peduncled ; floriferous part somew
Ong; pedicels as short as the calyx ; calyx-segments broadly lanceolate,

_CANTHAROSPERMUM. LEGUMINOSJE. , 255

acuminated, the length of the tube: legume linear, curved, very densely co-
vered with rigid stinging brittle hairs: hilum linear.— Wight ! cat. n. 750.

` 485. (5) M. prurita (Hook. :) annual: branches pubescent or only slightly
hairy: leaflets ovate; upper side glabrous, under sprinkled with adpressed
silvery hairs: racemes shorter than the leaves, peduncled, drooping: pedi-
cels shorter than the calyx: calyx cleft to the middle, white with adpressed
hairs; segments broad-lanceolate: legume slightly curved like an 8, densely
clothed with rigid stinging hairs, about 6-seeded ; valves not keeled longi-
tudinally along the middle: hilum linear—Hook. bot. misc. 2. p. 348.—M.
pruriens, Wall. L. n. 5616; Wight ! in Hook. bot. misc. 2. suppl. t. 13 ; cat. n.
155.—Dolichos pruriens, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 284.—Carpopogon pru-
riens, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 283.—Stizolobium pruriens, Spr.? syst. 3. p. 252.—
Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 35 ; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 142. "

* 786. (6) M. capitata (DC.:) annual: young shoots slightly pubescent :
leaflets ovate, acute or obtuse, mucronate ; upper side nearly glabrous, un-
der sprinkled with adpressed silvery hairs: peduncles axillary, very short,
bearing several umbellate flowers at its apex : calyx cleft to the middle, white
from adpressed hairs ; segments lanceolate, acuminated : legume nearly cylin-
drical, slightly curved, densely and rather softly pubescent, 5—6-sceded ;
valves irregularly wrinkled longitudinally: seeds oval; hilum linear-oblong,
rather short (not extending one-fourth round the seed).— DC. prod. 2. p. 406
(without char.) ; Wight ! cat. n. 754.—Dolichos Soorootoo, Rowxb. in EIG
mus. tab. 285.— Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 1882. : f

Roxburgh only knew this in a state of cultivation : our specimens are from
Klein’s herbarium, marked “ Dol. pruriens,” and obtained from the Mission-
aries’ Garden. M. niveum, DC. (Carpopogon niveum, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 1601), is a species very closely allied, but differs by the long drooping
racemes, and the legumes, when ripe, entirely free from pubescence: it like-
wise is only known as a cultivated plant.

LII. CANTHAROSPERMUM. W.& A.

Calyx ebracteolate, 4-cleft ; segments nearly equal ; upper broader than the
others, split at the apex. Corolla papilionaceous, longer than the calyx, de-
ciduous : petals all about the same length: vexillum recurved or reflexed, ob-
long-obovate, without callosities at the base: keel faleate. Stamens diadel-
phous (9 and 1), the tube somewhat persistent. Ovary 4-8-seeded: upper
part of the style and stigma glabrous. Legume oblong-linear, compressed,
3-8-seeded, transversely constricted between the seeds externally, and with
slight coriaceous dissepiments between them internally, Seeds oblong, trans-
verse, with a large fleshy bifid carunculus at the hilum.—T wining plants.
Leaves pinnately trifoliolate: leaflets soft and more or less velvetty on both
sides. Stipules caducous: partial ones bristle-like, inconspicuous. Pedun-
cles axillary, several flowered.

The habit of thi i ia, he somewhat persistent stamen-
tube Se robe agama Sol gy ma the p pore

not merely cellular, as in many of the Phaseole, but hard, an

: icted
with the legume itself, and are formed by the opposite valves being so constricte
as to meet : the legume however splits when ripe, as in the iamen. Aut =

name is taken from the specific appellation given to the species

787. (1) C. paueiflorum (W. & A.:) biennial : leaflets obovate, slightly ru-

sind Coa m the eet side: ai Aaah shorter than the ger us

often 2-) flowered: calyx about half the length of the corolla, ele À e

dle ; segments S Mom! éstd; slightly curved upwards : m um

recurved: legume linear, velvetty or hairy.— Wight! eat. n. 158.—Cajanus
| 1

*

eee

a a

256 . LEGUMINOS JE. CAJANUS.

scarabseoides, Pet. Th.; Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5580.—Dolichos scarabeeoi-
des, Linn. sp. p. 1020 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 315 (as to the syn., excl. char. and
descr.)—D. medicagineus, Roxb. l c. (as to descr. and char., excl. syn.)—D.
minutus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 252. f. 1.—Rhynchosia ? scarabeeoides,
DC. prod. 2. p. 387.—R. biflora, DC. ? 7. c.—Stizolobium scarabzeoides, Spr:
syst. 3. p. 253.— Pluk. t. 52. f. 3. : A Fie

By comparing our synonyms with those of Rhynchosia medicaginea, it will
be seen that Roxburgh had unaccountably reversed the descriptions of the
two, although from his references to plates he obviously knew both species
well. What De Candolle received for Dol. searabeoides, Roxb., and of which
he has made his RAynch. biflora, we scarcely know : we have referred it here on
account of the partitions between the seeds, but we have very rarely, almost
never, found the seeds reduced so few as two even by abortion.—Our Penin-
sular specimens have the legumes velvetty: but we have others from Ceylon
in which they are clothed with longish somewhat adpressed fulvous hairs.
Linneeus appears to have taken his description of the seed from the figure of
a small beetle placed by Plukenet alongside of the seed as a contrast.

788. (2) C. albicans (W. & A.:) leaflets roundish, ovate or obovate, mu-
cronate, whitish on the under side: racemes few-flowered, lax, as long or
longer than the leaves: calyx 4—5 times shorter than the corolla ; segments
ovate, shorter than the tube, straightish: vexillum reflexed : legume or
linear, velvetty, Wight ! cat. n. 759.—Cajanus ? albicans, Graham ! in Wall.!
L. n. 5582.—C.? Wightii, Graham! 1. e. n. 5583,—C.? niveus, Grah. ! l c.
n. 5581. Dindygul hills at an elevation of 2500 feet. A

Owing to the short calyx, scarcely longer than the claws of the petals, this
species has the vexillum as much reflexed as in Kennedya.

LII. CAJANUS. DC.

Calyx ebracteolate, campanulate, somewhat bilabiate ; lips nearly equally
long ; upper shortly bifid ; lower 3-partite, the segments lanceolate-subulate,
slightly curved upwards, middle one a little longer than the others ; apices of
all recurved. Corolla papilionaceous, deciduous ; petals of the same length:
vexillum broad, with two large callosities at the base of the limb; the mar-
gins of the spurs and claw inflexed : keel faleate. Stamens diadelphous (9
and 1), alternately shorter: tube deciduous. Ovary 4-5-ovuled. Style as-
cending, lower part slender, hairy ; upper glabrous. Stigma slightly peltate-
Legume linear-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, compressed, torulose, deep-
ly and obliquely! constricted between the seeds, 3-5-seeded with membra-
naceous partitions between them. Seeds roundish, scarcely compressed ; hi-
lum oblong; carunculus inconspicuous.—Erect shrubs, softly pubescent or
velvetty. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaves oval-lanceolate, mucronate.
Stipules lanceolate ; partial ones short-subulate. Racemes axillary, pedun-
cled corymbiform ; with caducous oblong-lanceolate bracteas: pedicels slen-
der, in pairs. Legume hirsutely pubescent.

., 189. (1) C. Indicus (Spr.)—Spr. syst. 3. 3 ; Wight! cat. n. 164 —C-
Bion. Wan ! L.n. 557 RE É 0 cgi ; ub uie of an uniform
yellow colour on both sides.—C. flavus, DC. prod. 1. p. 406.—Cytisus, n. "d
Linn. ! in herb. Herm. ; fl. Zeyl.—C. Cajan, Linn. sp. p. 1041 ; Roxb. ff. a
p. 325 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 293.—8 ; vexillum purplish and veined on t
outside, yellow on the inside.—C. bicolor, DC. /. c.—Cytisus pseudo-Cajan»
Jacq. hort. Vind. 2. t. 119.— Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 13.
ese two varieties differ by the colour of the vexillum alone, as has been
ready remarked by Sprengel: the other characters given are entirely ma-

ATYLOSIA. LEGUMINOS X. RST

ginary ; at least they neither bear any relation to the colour of the flowers,
nor are constant on the same individual. Sprengel has added two other spe-
cies, but they belong to different genera.

LIV. ATYLOSIA, W. & A.—Collæa, DC. (partly).

Calyx ebracteolate, campanulate, deeply bilabiate ; upper lip very shortly
split at the apex ; lower 3-partite, the middle segment longer than the lateral
ones, and slightly longer than the upper lip. Corolla papilionaceous, at
length scariose, persistent: vexillum broad, recurved, a little longer than the
other petals, without callosities: keel slightly faleate, obtuse. Stamens dia-
delphous (9 and 1), alternately a little shorter: anthers uniform. Ovary
about 4-ovuled. Lower part of the style slender, hairy ; upper part glabrous.
Stigma slightly capitate: Legume oblong-linear, compressed, about 4-seeded,
slightly constricted externally, and with cellular partitions internally between
the seeds. Seeds roundish: hilum oval, with a large fleshy carunculus.—
Erect or diffuse shrubby plants. Branches villous or tomentose. Leaves
palmately trifoliolate : leaflets 3-nerved at the base. Partial stipules wanting.
Peduncles axillary, or forming a kind of raceme along the young almost leaf-
less terminal shoots, generally 2-flowered, rarely wanting and with two axil-
lary pedicels. Legume villous or tomentose.

This genus we have been induced to separate from the last principally on account

of the persistent corolla, the absence of callosities on the vexillum, the large carun-
culus to the seed as in Cantharospermum, and the foliage.

790. (1) A. Candollii (W. & A.:) erect: branches straight, twiggy ; young
parts villous with fulvous hairs: leaflets oval; upper side even, pubescent ;
under reticulated, shortly tomentose, villous on the nerves and margin: sti-
pules lanceolate, acuminated, spreading: peduncles 2-flowered, longish:
calyx villous ; segments lanceolate-acuminated, curved upwards, lowest one
about half the length of the keel: spurs of the vexillum introflexed, slightly
callous: legumes villous.— Wight ! cat. n. 763.—Collxa trinervia, DC. mem.
leg. p. 247. t. 41; prod. 2. p. 240.—Odonia trinervia, Spr. syst. suppl. p.219.—
Rhynchosia Wightiana, Grah.! in Wall.! L. n. 5500. Neelgherries..

In our specimens from the Neelgherries, the leaflets are obtuse as in De
Candolle's figure and description ; but others from Ceylon are more robust,
with the habit and leaves of the next species: the two, however, are, we
think, distinct.

791. (2) A. major (W. & A.:) erect: branches straight, twiggy ; young
parts villous with fulvous hairs: leaflets oval, slightly acute at both ends;
upper side even, pubescent ; under reticulated, shortly tomentose, villous on
the nerves and margin: stipules lanceolate, subulate, spreading: peduncles
2-flowered, longish: calyx villous; segments subulate, curved falcately a
wards, lowest one as long as the keel: spurs of the vexillum introflexed an
slightly callous: legumes villous.— Wight ! cat. n. 762.—Collea trinervia,
Wall.! L. n. 5571 (not DC.)——Neelgherries. i

y allied to the former, but larger, and with larger flowers and a longer
calyx.

792. (3) A. rugosa (W. & A.:) branches slender, elongated, me
tose: leaflets obovate, densely velvetty on both sides ; upper dy ; un £
Strongly reticulated, whitish : stipules oval, adpressed : peduncles E owered,
occasionally very short: calyx shortly tomentose ; segments lanceo ate, t
minated, slightly curved upwards, lowest shorter than the corolla: vexillum
slightly thickened along the elaw and base of the limb: legume velvetty.—
Wight! cat. n. 761 —Rhynchosia? velutina, Graham ? in Wall. L. n. 5501.
— —Neelgherries.

R

258 '^ LEGUMINOSAE. 3 DuNBARIA.

We quote Wallich's List with doubt for the following reason: Dr Graham
informs us that he has not that number among the specimens sent to him for
description ; but he has one, which he has permitted us to examune, num-
bered 5504, that is exactly the same as our plant: but this specimen, 3t
seems, does not belong to 5504, and isin Dr Graham’s opinion 5582. a, which
Dr Wallich at p. 204 desires to be erased. We, however, think that the whole
mistake arises from its having been hurriedly marked 5504 instead of 5501.

785. (4) A. lineata (W. & A.:) branches elongated, twiggy; young parts
villous with short white hairs: leaflets narrow cuneate-lanceolate, acumi-
nated ; upper side even, slightly pubescent ; under white, shortly adpressed-
villous, marked with the prominent nerves: stipules narrow-subulate, slightly
spreading, caducous: pedicels axillary, in pairs: calyx shortly villous ; seg-
ments triangular-acuminated, lowest one subulate and 2-3-times shorter than
the corolla: legumes villous.—Cajanus lineatus, Grah. ! in Wall. ! L. n. 5578.
—Glycine lineata, Heyne.

LV. DUNBARIA. W.& A.

Calyx ebracteolate, campanulate, 4-cleft to the middle: upper segment
slightly split at the apex, rather longer than the lateral ones, a little shorter
than the lowest; all lanceolate, acute or acuminated. Corolla 2-8-times
longer than the calyx, persistent, scariose, papilionaceous: vexillum longet
than the other petals and embracing them, with two large callosities at the
base of its limb: ale oblong-linear, with a spur on each side near the base:
keel faleate, obtuse, rather shorter than the alee. Stamens diadelphous (9 and
1). Ovary 1-5-ovuled. Style ascending: lower part slender, hairy ; upper
glabrous. Stigma small, slightly capitate. Legume longer than the calyx,
compressed, oblong-linear, 1-5-seeded, much compressed externally and with
cellular partitions internally between the seeds. Seeds roundish : hilum and
carunculus small,—T wining, suffrutescent plants. Young branches and un-
der side of the leaflets usually more orless tomentose. Leaves pinnately tri-
foliolate : lateral leaflets broadly and obliquely ovate, acuminated. Stipules
general and partial caducous. Racemes axillary, lax, with large broadly
ovate caducous bracteas. Pedicels in pairs, slender. Flowers large.

Dedicated to Professor George Dunbar of Edinburgh.

793. (1) D. Heynei (W. & A.:) leaflets nearly glabrous on both sides;
terminal one cuneate-obovate, acuminated : petioles and nerves of the leaflets
underneath sprinkled with spreading hairs: calyx herbaceous; upper seg-
ment about equal to and as broad as the lateral ones: legume about 5-seeded,
borered with softish spreading hairs.—Collea gibba, Graham! in Wall.! L.

794. (2) D. ferruginea (W.& A. :) leaflets pubescent on the upper surface,
when young villoug on the under; terminal one cordate-ovate, acuminated :
petioles and nerves of the leaflets underneath covered with rusty-coloured to-
mentum: calyx herbaceous; upper segment about equal to and as broad as
the lateral ones: spur on the lower margin of the ale: very small, obtuse: les
po about 4-5-seeded, softly velvetty.— Wight! cat. n. 878 (partly J=

ta? ferruginea, herb. Madr.!—Collæa venosa, Graham! in Wail.! L.n.
5573. Neelgherries. Mysore ; Heyne. :

Our v iiri of this species are neither numerous nor perfect, but if the
above characters be constant, it can scarcely be united with the following:

795. (3) D. latifolia (W. & A.:) leaflets slightly pubescent or at length
nearly glabrous above, tomentose and finally densely pubescent bens
terminal one broadly rhomboid (broader than long), acuminated : bracte

CYANOSPERMUM. LEGUMINOS JE. 259

3-toothed at the apex : calyx somewhat thin and membranaceous ; upper seg-
ment narrow-lanceolate, longer and narrower than the lateral ones: both
spurs on the ale linear-subulate: legume 1-2-seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 878
(partly).—Collea gibba, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5572. b, c.——Dindygul
hills. i

LVI. CYLISTA. Ait.

Calyx ebracteolate, scariose (or membranaceous ?), deeply 4-cleft ; upper
segment 2-lobed (or bifid ?) ; lateral ones much smaller; lowest very large.
Corolla much smaller than the calyx, papilionaceous, persistent : vexillum
with two callosities at its base: keel slightly faleate, its petals distinct from
the base to the curve: ale linear-oblong, spurred at the base on the upper
margin, slightly gibbous on the lower. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1).
Ovary oblong, with 1 (or 2?) ovule. Lower part of the style slender, hairy,
recurved along the lower suture of the ovary ; upper part tumid, glabrous,
ascending and parallel to the lower part. Legume obliquely oval, enclosed
within the calyx, 1- (or 2?-) seeded. Seed compressed, reniform, with a
small ‘hilum and inconspicuous carunculus.—Perennial twining shrubby, pu-
bescent or villous plants. Leaves pinnately trifoliolate: leaflets oblong or
ovate, acuminated. Partial stipules very minute or wanting. Racemes axil-
lary. Bracteas very caducous.

We are uncertain whether or not C. villosa, Ait., belongs to this genus, as we have
never had an opportunity of examining its flowers ; it probably has the callosities on
the vexillum, Andrews having at one time placed it in Dolichos.

796. (1) C. seariosa (Ait.:) racemes shortly peduncled, about as long or
a little longer than the leaves: calyx twice as long as the corolla ; tube short,
campanulate ; segments very large, thin and scariose, reticulated with co-
loured veins ; upper one broad, 2-lobed, the lobes ovate-obtuse; lower the
largest, eymbiform ; lateral ones much smaller than the others, cordate-
ovate.— Ait. hort. Kew. 3. p. 512; DC. prod. 2. p. 410; Spr. syst. 3. p. 194 ;
m ! rus 1. t. 92 ; fl. Ind. 3. p. 820; Wall.! L.n.5586; Wight! cat. n.

` ircars.

We have uniformly found the ovule and seed solitary ; Roxburgh likewise
Appears to have found them so: but most authors describe the legume as
Somewhat 2-seeded ; perhaps their characters have been derived from the
Pent in a state of cultivation, and ought therefore to be regarded as of little
value.

LVII. CYANOSPERMUM. W. & A.—Cylista, Roxb. (partly).

Calyx herbaceous, ebracteolate, bilabiate, divided almost to the base 3 lips
about equal : upper cuneate, bifid ; lower tripartite ; segments oblong-linear,
the middle one scarcely longer than the others. Corolla slightly shorter than
the calyx, persistent, rigidly scariose, papilionaceous: vexillum obcordate,
spreading, without callosities: keel slightly faleate, obtuse; the petals dis-
tinet except for a small space at the curve. Ovary 2-ovuled. Lower part of
the style ascending, slender, hairy ; upper part glabrous. Stigma slightly ca-
Pitate. Legume 2- (or, from the abortion of the lower one, 1-) seeded,
Scarcely so long as the calyx, constricted all round between the seeds and as
if formed of two spherical lobes. Seeds globose, with a small hilum without
à carunculus.—Twining suffrutescent tomentose plants. Leaves pinnately
trifoliolate ; leaflets broadly ovate, acute or acuminated. Stipules lanceo-

R2

260 LEGUMINOS 2. ' ERYTHRINA.

late: partial ones setaceous. Racemes axillary, simple: bracteas broadly
oval, deciduous. Legume shortly tomentose. Seeds (in C. tomentosum}
bluish violet.

To this ay Cylista A of the Botanical Magazine, t. 1859, likewise belongs.

It differs from Cylista by the habit, by the ecallose vexillum, the legume, and seve-
ral other characters.

797. (1) C. tomentosum (W. & A.:) bracteas oval, cuspidate ; calyx ad-
pressed-villous ; upper lip scarcely cleft to the middle.—Wight! cat. n. 766.
Cylista tomentosa, Row).! Cor. 3. t. 221; fl. Ind. 3. p. 319; DC. prod. 2.
p. 410; Spr. syst. 3. p. 194; Wall.! L.n. 5585.——Southern provinces.

LVII. ERYTHRINA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 608.

- Calyx tubular, truncated, or 2-lipped, or spathaceous. Corolla papiliona-
ceous: vexillum very long, obovate-oblong, without spurs or callosities at
the base, much larger than the small alee and keel. Stamens straight, nearly
as long as the vexillum, diadelphous, or more or less monadelphous. Ovary
stalked, with several ovules. Style glabrous, straight, subulate, incurved at
the apex. Legume stalked, long, torulose, compressed between the seeds,
pointed. Seeds distant.— Trees or shrubs, rarely herbaceous plants. Stipules
small, free from the petiole. Leaves petioled, pinnately trifoliolate. Partial
stipules gland-like. Stems and petioles sometimes prickly. Racemes elon-
gated : pedicels usually in threes.

Besides the following, Dr Wallich (L. n. 5960), enumerates Æ. picta of the Madras
herbarium, from the Missionaries’ garden : this we have not seen, and cannot there-

fore determine if it be the same as the Linnzan species of that name: it is probably
not a native of the Peninsula.

798. (1) E. Indica (Lam. :) arboreous, armed with numerous black prickles:
stipules faleate: petioles and leaves unarmed: leaflets glabrous, entire, Me
terminal one broadly cordate: racemes terminal, horizontal : calyx spathace-
ous, contracted and 5-toothed at the apex : vexillum about three times shorter
than the calyx, and about four times longer than the ale: keel about the
length of the ale, its petals distinct: stamens monadelphous with the sheath
entire at the base, thence diadelphous with the tube split: ovary 10-15-ovule 3
legume 6-8-seeded.— Lam. ene. meth. 2. p. 391 (2) ; DC. prod. 2. p. 4135
Spr. syst. 3. p. 243; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 249; Wall.! L. n. 5963 ; Wight! cal.
n. 156.—E. corallodendron £, Linn. sp. p. 992.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. T; Rump!
Amb. 2. t. 76 (bad).

.799. (2) E. stricta (Roxb. :) arboreous, armed with numerous white prickles :
stipules faleate: petioles rarely prickly: leaves unarmed ; leaflets glabroU»
entire, the terminal one reniform-cordate, pointed: racemes terminal, 20r
zontal: calyx spathaceous, entire, acute, short: vexillum about ten times
longer than the calyx, and twice the length of the keel ; keel 4-5 times longer
than the alse, its petals united : stamens monadelphous with the sheath enU?
at the base, diadelphous upwards: ovary 4-8-ovuled : legume usually
seeded.—Roab. fl. Ind. 3. p. 251 -——-Anjengo in Travancore.

800. (3) E. suberosa (Roxb. :) arboreous, with corky deeply cracked bark :
branches almost unarmed except at the insertion of the petioles : stipules get
ceolate: petioles pubescent, prickly: leaves unarmed ; leaflets tomentose 9
the under side, terminal one rhomboid and acuminated, sometimes re E
and rounded: racemes axillary or sometimes terminal, aprendo calyx. idi
bular, 2-lipped: vexillum 5-6-times longer than the calyx, an more t am
twice the length of the keel; keel cordate, many times longer than the ver)

—

minute alee, its petals united: stamens monadelphous: legume 2-3-8 2

Butea. LEGUMINOSE. 261

Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 253; Wall.! L. n. 5959; Wight! cat. n. 757.—E. alba,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 104. Circars.

801. (4) E. sublobata (Roxb.:) arboreous, armed with numerous prickles :
petioles pubescent, and the leaves unarmed: leaflets repand-sinuated, gla-
brous above, covered with soft white tomentum beneath, terminal one thom-
boid: racemes terminal, erect, slender: calyx tubular, 2-lipped: vexillum
5-6-times longer than the calyx, 2-3-times longer than the keel; keel cor-
date, several times longer than the minute alee, its petals united : stamens mo-
nadelphous.—Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 254.—E. maxima, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 105. Mountainous parts of the Circars.

* Trunk erect, frequently of very great size," Roxs. We have considerable
doubts if this be not a mere variety of E. suberosa: the principal differences
lie in the bark, the petioles, and the racemes.

SUBTRIBE Vi.—DALBERGIEJ. Bronn.

Stamens variously combined. _ Legume 1-2-seeded, indehiscent. Cotyledons
fleshy.—Trees or shrubs, often twining. Leaves unequally pinnated, rarely trifolio-
late or reduced to a solitary leaflet.

LIX. BUTEA. Roxb.

Calyx campanulate, bilabiate ; upper lip almost entire ; lower 3-fid. Co-
rolla papilionaceous ; petals equally long: vexillum ovate, recurved: keel
and ale ineurved. Stamens diadelphous (9 and 1). Style ascending. Stig-

ma small, glandular. Legume stalked, flat-compressed, thin, membranace-

ous, with a large solitary compressed seed at the apex.—Unarmed trees or

twining shrubs. Leaves pinnately 3-foliolate ; leaflets large, roundish-ovate,
pubescent or tomentose on the under side, with partial stipules. Racemes
many-flowered. Flowers in threes, pedicelled, with two bracteoles at or
near the base of the calyx.

802. (1) B. frondosa (Roxb.:) arboreous: racemes simple, lax : pedicels
about twice as long as the calyx: calyx-segments short, slightly acute, seve-
ral times shorter than the tube: corolla densely pubescent, 4-5-times longer
than the calyx ; vexillum ovate, acute.—Roab. Cor. 1.t. 21 5 fl. Ind. 3. p. 244;
DC. prod. 2; p. 415 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 186 ; Wall.! L.n. 5569 ; Wight! in Hook.
bot. misc. 3. p. 102; suppl. t. 82 ; cat. n. 913.—Erythrina monosperma, Lam.
enc. meth 1. p. 891.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 16, 17——Circars. Negapatam. Tra-
vancore.

.803, (2) B. superba (Roxb.:) shrubby, twining: racemes simple, lax: pe-
dicels about twice the length of the calyx: calyx-segments shortish, acumi-
nated: corolla 4-5-times longer than the calyx; vexillum ovate, acute.—
Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 22 ; fl. Ind. 8. p. 247 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 415 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 186 ;
Wall.? L. n. 5438.——-Circar mountains. Se Sa

This we have not seen : it appears to be readil distinguished from the
by its twining stems ; the flowers in both are bright red, and very large.

. 804. (3) B. parviflora (Roxb.:) shrubby, twining: racemes panicled: pe-
dicels coo ret en ae airi: flowers very numerous: calyx-seg-
ments nearly as long as the tube, acuminated : corolla glabrous, about twice
the length of the calyx: vexillum ovate, emarginate at the NEL Hone. pA
Ind. 3. p. 248; in E. I. C. mus. tab, 1990 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 415; Wall.! L. n.

5440 ; Wight ! cat. n. 914.

262 LEGUMINOS A, PONGAMIA.

LX. PONGAMIA. Lam. ill. t. 603.—Galedupa, Lam. ; Roxb.

Calyx cup-shaped, somewhat truncated and 5-toothed. Corolla papiliona-
ceous, glabrous. Stamens at first diadelphous at the base and apex and mo-
nadelphous soit the middle, afterwards usually entirely diadelphous. Le-
gume more or less compressed, more or less oval, with a short recurved
point, 1-celled (neither contracted nor with partitions between the seeds),
1-2-seeded: valves concave on the inside, not separating naturally.—Trees
or twining shrubs. Leaves unequally pinnated : leaflets opposite.

At least two very distinct kinds of fruit occur in this genus: one has the legume
thick edged and the valves of a woody texture: the other has the seminiferous su-
ture furnished with a short wing, and the valves thinly coriaceous or somewhat
membranceous and veined. With this last Dalbergia scandens agrees in having a
small wing along the one edge of the fruit, and in the calyx; but it differs from Pon-
Dee by the legumes being quite flat and membranaceous all round the seeds and

tween them.—We omit here Wight's cat. n. 934; we have not seen the flower,
and the fruit is far from ripe. The leaves are unequally pinnated; leaflets 3-5, op- _
posite, elliptic-oblong, with a sudden short obtuse acumination, coriaceous : racemes
compound and terminal: calyx deeply and regularly 5-cleft: legume obovate, ob-
lique, obtuse, coriaceous, wingless, l-seeded : seed (very immature) inserted towards
the middle of the suture; ascending, with a large fleshy lobed arillus at its base. It
thus appears to belong to Connaraceg, and robably to Hourea. Cajw- Cen
Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 13, has very similar fruit, but has a short point and two seeds;
and it is perhaps by mistake that the leaves are in that figure represented abruptly
pinnated. Cynometra pinnata, Lour., appears also, judging from his short and im-
perfect description, to be allied.

_ 805. (1) P. glabra (Vent.:) arboreous: leaflets 2-8-pair, ovate or some-
times obovate, acuminated, glabrous : racemes axillary, many-flowered, about
half the length of the leaves ; pedicels in pairs : vexillum with two callosities
prominent at the base of the limb and decurrent along the claw: ovary with
two approximated ovules about its middle: legume oblong, nearly sessile,
thick and somewhat woody, with a short recurved beak, tumid along both
sutures.—Vent. Malm, t. 28 ; DC. prod. 2. p.416 ; Wall.! L. n. 5978 ; Wight!
cat. n. 932, 933.—Galedupa Indica, Lam. enc. meth. 2. p.594; Roab. fl. Ind.
3. p. 239.—Dolichos arborea, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 292.—Robinia mitis,
m 8p. p. Ph Pr arborea, Willd. sp. 3. p. 901 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 199.
—Leguminosa rminata, Wall.!? L, m. rs only).—Hheed.
Mal. 6. 1.35 Lam. ill. t. 603. f. 1. m AUNT SA

806. (2) P. ovalifolia (W. & A.:) arboreous : leaflets 4-pair, drooping, oval,
obtuse, glabrous: racemes elongated, disposed along the leafless branches,
slightly compound ; pedicels slender, arranged along very short minutely-
bracteated partial peduneles: vexillum without callosities : ovary with two
approximated ovules about the middle.— Wight ! cat. n. 917. — ;

We have not seen the fruit: it is probably similar to that of the following.

807. (3) P. uliginosa (DC) shrübby, twining: leaflets 1-2-pair, ovate ot
oblong, bluntly acuminated, glabrous qoe MEE pgs] slightly -
compound, longer than the leaves, with often 1 or2 trifoliolate leaves on their
lower half ; pedicels arranged along shortish minutely-bracteated partial pe-
duneles: vexillum without callosities : ovary with 6-7 crowded ovules: le-
gume oval or orbicular, thinly coriaceous, reticulated, with a recurved hooked
point, 1-seeded ; seminiferous suture ined.— DC. prod. 2. p. 416 ; Wall. :
L. n. 5879; Wight! in Hook. bot. mise. 3. p. 301 (sprinted P. religiosa);
suppl. t. 41 (engraved by mistake P. triphylla); cat. n, 935.—Galedupa uligi-
nosa, Roxb, fl. Ind. 3. p. 243.—Pterocarpus, n. 416, Linn. ! in herb. Herm. 5
Jf. zeyl, —P. uliginosa, Roxb. in. E. I. C. mus. tab. 971 ; G. Don in Mill. dict.
2. p. 377.—Robinia uliginosa, Willd. sp. 3. p. 1133.— Tephrosia uliginosa, Spr.

Muertia, LEGUMINOSJE. 263.

syst. 3. p. 232.—Dalbergia heterophylla, Willd. l. c. p. 901; DC. l. c. p. 4173
Spr. l. c. p. 193.— Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 46 (descr. pretty good, fig. bad).——
Swampy places near the sea in the southern provinces.

N. 919. of Wight's Catalogue is perhaps referable to this species, but the
specimens are in too poor a state for determination. May Derris pinnata,
Lour., be likewise referable here ?

808. (4) P. Heyneana (Grah.:) twining ? : leaflets ovate or oblong, or oval
or obovate, obtusely acuminated, 3-pairs, glabrous : racemes axillary, pani-
cled, elongated, with sometimes a leaf at the base of its first or second
branches; pedicels on short minutely-bracteated partial peduncles: vexillum
without callosities : ovary with 3-4-ovules.—Graham ! in Wall. ! L. n. 5916 ;
Wight ! cat. n. 920.

We retain this species distinct from the last on account of its very different
appearance; the flowers are much more numerous, and the leaflets are in all
our specimens considerably narrower (ovate or oblong), although in the on-
ly and very imperfect one in Heyne's herbarium they are oval or obovate,
and about as broad as in P. uliginosa : we have not seen the fruit. Whether
or not the characters we have taken from the number of ovules be constant,
future observations must determine, the specimens before us not being suffi-
ciently numerous for that purpose.

809. (5) P. elongata (Grah.)—G»raham in Wall. L. n. 5915 (not 5886).

LXI. MILLETTIA. W.& A.

Calyx cup-shaped, lobed or slightly toothed. Corolla papilionaceous:
vexillum recurved, broad, emarginate, glabrous or silky on the back. Sta-
mens diadelphous (9 and 1), the tenth quite distinct. Legume flat, elliptic
or lanceolate, pointed, coriaceous, thick margined, wingless, indehiscent,
1-2-seeded: valves closely cohering with each other all round the seeds and
between them.—T wining or arboreous. Leaves very large, unequally pinnat-
ed: leaflets opposite, with a setaceous partial stipule at the base of each par-
tial petiole. Racemes axillary, more or less branched and compound. Flowers
pretty large, purplish, pedicelled, on shortish diverging partial peduncles.

This genus, besides the following, will contain Galedupa elliptica of Roxburgh
(fl. Ind. 3. p. 242, and in E. I. C. mm tab. 1590), with Pebble G. piscidia, Roxb.,
and some species described by him under Robinia. Pong. grandifiora and sericea
of Ventenat appear also to belong to it. From Pongamia it is distinguished by the
legume being compressed all round the seeds as in Dalbergia, and from the latter
genus by its thick coriaceous or almost woody texture. Our character of the fruit is
taken from M. rubiginosa, which alone we have seen in that state.—We have named
it after Dr Millett of Canton, China.

810. (1) M. rubiginosa (W. & A.:) young parts, petioles and racemes co-
vered with rusty tomentum: leaflets 2-3-pair, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated,
when young covered with a shining yellowish adpressed pubescence, after-
wards more glabrous: racemes elongated, drooping, nearly as long as the
leaves, solitary, with shortish lateral peduncles bearing 3-5-flowers : calyx
minutely toothed: vexillum silky on the outside, with two large tomentose
callosities on the inside at its base: ovary with 3 ovules : legume linear-lan-
ceolate, pointed — Wight ! cat. n. 912, —— Courtallum. |

811. (2) M. splendens (W. & A.:) young parts, petioles and racemes
clothed with a short see or rbd lae Bo leaflets about 3-pair, ob-
long-lanceolate, suddenly and shortly acuminated, slightly undulated on the
margin ; upper side glabrous ; under clothed with a short adpressed silvery
pubescence : inflorescence axillary, composed ofa few approximated elongated
branches ; each branch a slightly compound raceme, bearing lateral short par-
tial peduneles with several flowers on each: calyx shortly 4-cleft ; upper seg-

264 LEGUMINOS E. t DALBFRGIA.

ment the broadest, entire ; under narrower and rather longer than the others:
vexillum on the outside silky, on the inside glabrous all over, and at the base
slightly fleshy but scarcely callous: ovary with 5 ovules, all between the
middle and apex.— Wight ! cat. n. 998.

LXII. DALBERGIA. Linn.; Roxb.

Calyx campanulate. Corolla papilionaceous, glabrous : keel-petals free or
scarcely cohering. Stamens 8-10, variously combined, sometimes monadel-
phous, sometimes equally or unequally diadelphous. Ovary with several
ovules. Legume usually stalked, membranaceous, reticulately veined, flat,
oblong-linear, few-seeded ; valves closely cohering with each other all round
the seeds and between them. Seeds distant, compressed.—Trees or shrubs,

usually twining. Leaves unequally pinnated, rarely pinnately trifoliolate.
Racemes axillary.

Subgen.l. Bracuyprerum. Leaves pinnated; leaflets opposite. Calyx
obliquely truncated. Anthers ovate. Legumes with a narrow wing or mar-
gin along the seminiferous suture.

812. (1) D. scandens (Roxb.:) twining: leaflets opposite, oblong-lanceo-
late, obtuse at the apex: petioles channelled: racemes axillary, longer than
the leaves ; pedicels fascicled, slender ; calyx with 2 minute caducous brae-
teoles at its base, truncated, with a short tooth opposite to the keel, other-
wise entire: vexillum callous at the base of the limb; als ciliated at the
base: stamens all connected a little above the base, unequally diadelphous
(9 and 1) at the base and above the middle : legume almost sessile, linear-
lanceolate, 2-3-seeded, with a keel along the upper suture.—Rowb. Cor. 2.
t. 192; fl. Ind. 3. p. 232 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 417 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 193; Wall.!
L. n. 5857.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 22; Pluk. t. 388. fol. 27. pl. 4.—a; partial
stipules short-subulate, somewhat persistent.— Wight ! cat. n. 922.—$ ; partial
stipules very caducous.— Wight! cat. n. 923. (lent tu.) VT

Subgen. 2. EvpALBERG1A, Leaves pinnated ; leaflets alternate. Calyx more

or less 5-cleft. Anthers didymous, Legumes stalked, without a margin or
wing.

a. Stamens all united into a sheath Split on the upper side.

813. (2) D. Sissoo (Roxb.:) arboreous: leaflets 3-5, alternate, orbicular or
obcordate, with a short sudden acumination, slightly waved on the margin ;
when young pubescent, when old glabrous and shining: panicles axillary,
composed of several short subsecund spikes : flowers almost quite sessile:
calyx-segments oblong, two upper ones obtuse, three lower acute : stamens
9, all united into a sheath open on the upper side: ovary pubescent : style
very short, much shorter than the ovary: stigma large, glandular: legume
one uo rh ee about 3-seeded.— Roxb. fl. Tad. 3. p. 223; DC.

. 2. p. 416; Wall. ! L, n. 5850; Wight! cat. n. m us Sisso0;
Tisi: $n E. T. O. mus. OMe ee DO- POM

814. (3) D. latifolia (Roxb. :) arboreous: leaflets 3-7, generally 5, alter-
nate, orbicular, emarginate ; upper side glabrous; under when young mi-
nutely pubescent: panicles axillary, branched and divaricating ; flowers on
short slender pedicels : calyx-segments oblong, more or less obtuse: stamens
9 (or 10 ?), all united into a sheath open on the upper side: ovary stalk ?
about 5-ovuled, glabrous: style slender, nearly as long as the ovary: stigma
small: legume stalked, oblong-lanceolate, usually 1-seeded.—Rowb. Cor. 2:

DarBERGIA. LEGUMINOSJE. 265

t. 113; fl. Ind. 3. p. 221; DC. prod. 2. p. 416; Spr. syst. 3. p. 198; Wall.!
L.n.5852; Wight! cat. n. 930. Circar mountains.

We have never seen more than 9 stamens ; Roxburgh, however, describes
and figures 10.

815. (4) D. sissooides (Graham:) arboreous ?, glabrous: leaflets 5-7, alter-
nate, elliptic-ovate, with a short bluntish acumination: panicles axillary,
branched, lax, about half the length of the leaves: flowers on slender
shortish pedicels: calyx-segments oval, obtuse: stamens 9, all united into a
sheath open on the upper side: ovary stalked, 4-5-ovuled, glabrous: style
straight, a little shorter than the ovary: stigma small.—Graham ! in Wall.!
L. n. 5976 ; Wight ! cat. n. 907, 931.——Neelgherries. Courtallum,

816. (5) D. congesta (Grah.:) woody, climbing?: leaflets 5-7, cuneate-
oval, emarginate, with numerous fine parallel diverging veins, when young
pubescent on both sides: petiole and peduncles pubescent: racemes axillary,
densely fascicled, compound, short, corymbose ; pedicels very short: calyx
at length nearly glabrous, 5-cleft ; segments roundish: stamens 9, all united
into a sheath open on the upper side: ovary glabrous, stalked: style slender:
stigma small_— Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5872—Neelgherries ; Noton.

The only specimen in Dr Wallich’s collection is an exceedingly imperfect
one; and we hesitate very much to separate it from D. rubiginosa ; the
flowers, however, are more dense, the calyx, although at first very pubescent,
becomes during flowering nearly quite glabrous, and the upper surface of the
leaflets are dull and pubescent, while we have observed them glabrous and
shining in all states in the other: the stamens ate not more than 9, whereas
in D. rubiginosa, Roxburgh describes and figures 10, but on that we are not
inclined to place much reliance.

817. (6) D. rubiginosa (Roxb. :) trunk woody, climbing: leaflets 5-7, al-
ternate, oblong or oval, obtuse or retuse, with numerous fine diverging paral-
lel veins, when young minutely pubescent on the under side, when old gla-
brous : petioles and peduncles pubescent: racemes fascicled, axillary, com-
pound, short, rather lax ; pedicels very short: calyx pubescent, 5-cleft ; seg-
ments short, oblong, obtuse: stamens 10 (or 9%), all united into a sheath
open on the upper side: ovary glabrous, stalked: style slender: stigma
small.—Roab. Cor. 2. t. 115 ; fl. Ind. 3. p. 231; DC. prod. 2. p. 416; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 193 ; Wight! cat. n. 924.——Circar mountains.

Our specimens are nearly in the same state with those of Roxburgh : the
fruit is unknown. We have seen very few flowers in an examinable state ;
in one we counted 10 stamens, in others we could not perceive more than 9.

b. Stamens equally diadelphous (5 and 5).

818. (7) D. volubilis (Roxb.:) twining: leaflets about 5 pair, alternate or
nearly opposite, oval, obtuse, glabrous : panicles terminal and axillary, >
branched, spreading : calyx pubescent, 5-cleft: vexillum with a large callo-
sity at the base of the limb, reniform-cordate: stamens 10, equally —
phous: ovary slightly pubescent: style slender: legume stalked, linear-o s
long, obtuse.— Roab. Cor. 2. t. 191 ; fi. Ind. 3. p. 231; DC. prod. 2. p. 4175
Spr. syst. 3. p. 1983; Wight! cat. n. 925.——-Circar mountains.

819. (8) D. paniculata (Roxb. :) arboreous : leaflets 5-6 pair, alternate,
obovate hon or oval, Satie EN glabrous, minutely D enin
underneath with veins: petioles and peduncles pubescent : D tows
or axillary, compound, spreading: calyx pubescent or hairy; 5-cleft, on
segment longest and narrowest : vexillum without callosities, as long aie
ale and twice as long as the keel: stamens 10, equally e e dE
glabrous: legume lanceolate, usually 1- (sometimes 2-) confie Wall !
t. 114; fl. Ind. 3. p. 227; DC. prod. 2. p. 417 ; Spr. syst. 3. P- 193; Wall. !
L.n. 5848 ; Wight ! cat. n. 926, 927, 928.——Circars. . Columala. |

3

266 LEGUMINOS E. DALBERGIA.

820. (9) D. frondosa (Roxb. :) arboreous: bark smooth: leaflets about 5
pair, cuneate-oval, emarginate, when very young silky, afterwards glabrous
or sprinkled on the underside with a few hairs: panicles axillary, pubescent ;
flowers secund, racemose along the ultimate branches of the panicle: calyx
hairy ; two upper segments obtuse, lower ones more acute, lowest the nar-
rowest and longest: vexillum with a large callosity at the base of the limb;
ale as long as the vexillum, about twice as long as the keel: stamens equally
diadelphous: ovary very slightly pubescent: legume lanceolate, 1—4- (usual-
ly about 2-) seeded.— Roxb, hort. Bengh. p. 535 fl. Ind. 3. p. 236 ; DC. prod.
2. p. 417 ; Wall.! L. n. 5855 ; Wight! cat. n. 918, 921.—D. arborea, Heyne
in Roth, nov. sp. p. 330; DC. l. c. Courtallum. Travancore.

Dr Wight’s two numbers are very different in appearance. No. 918. has
the leaflets approximated and is in fruit, but is obviously taken from an older
pant of the tree; it is from Travancore: n. 921, from Courtallum, is in

ower only, and corresponds with D. arborea of Heyne; it has the leaves
tender, and the leaflets more distant; the specimens have been apparently
taken from young shoots, and have a drooping aspect. Dr Wallich conjoins
both. We have some doubts, judging from the description, if D. lanceolaria,
Linn., be not this very species ; the leaflets, however, are said to be hirsute:
it is only yet known as a Ceylon plant, the Malabar station being taken from
Rheede, whereas Rheede’s plant is D. seandens.

821. (10) D. spinosa (Roxb. :) shrubby, erect, glabrous: ultimate branches
distichous, horizontal, rigid, and almost spinescent: leaves fascicled ; leaflets
3—4 pair, alternate or nearly opposite, very small, elliptic or cuneate-oblong,
retuse : racemes fascicled, secund, recurved, glabrous: calyx glabrous; seg-
ments oblong, obtuse: vexillum longer than the keel and ale, without callo-
sities: stamens equally diadelphous: ovary stalked, 4-ovuled.—Roab. fl. Ind.
3. p. 233; Wight ! cat. n. 798.—D. horrida, Graham in Wall. L. n. 5877.

xburgh says the legume is oval and l-seeded ; we have not seen it, and
as Dr Wallich feels uncertain that ours is the same with Roxburgh’s plant
(from Chittagong), we have derived the above specific character from the
specimens before us alone.

LXHI. PTEROCARPUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 602.

Calyx 5-cleft, somewhat bilabiate. Corolla papilionaceous, glabrous:
keel-petals distinct or slightly cohering. Stamens 10, variously combined.
Ovary long-stalked’ Legume indehiscent, irregular, somewhat orbicular,
surrounded by a wing, woody and often rugose in the middle, 1-3-celled.
Seeds solitary in each cell, reniform.—Unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves Wn-
equally pinnated. Racemes axillary or forming terminal panicles.

822. (1) P. santalinus (Linn.:) arboreous: leaflets 3 (rarely 4 or 51)
roundish, retuse, glabrous: racemes axillary, simple or branched: pe
long-clawed, all waved or curled on the margins: stamens triadelphous
(5, 4, and 1): legume stalked, 1-seeded ; the wing somewhat membrana-
ceous, waved.— Linn. suppl. p.318 ; Willd. sp. 3. p. 906 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 419;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 192; Wall.! L. n. 5844; Wight! cat. n. 908.—— Paulghaut
mountains ; Koenig.

We have never seen more than 3 leaflets: the specimens with 4 or 5 may
belong probably to the next species.

, 823. (2) P. marsupium (Roxb.:) arboreous : leaflets 5-7, alternate, ellip-
tical, usually deeply emarginate, glabrous: panicles terminal: petals 1

clawed, all waved or curled on the margins : stamens combined into a sheath,
split down to the base on the upper side, and half way down on the lower :
legume long-stalked, surrounded by a broad membranaceous wing; obtuse r
the base, 1- or rarely 2-seeded.— Roxb. Cor. 2, t. 116; ft. Ind. 3. p. 234;

ENTADA. LEGUMINOSJE. 267

DC. prod. 2. p. 418; Spr. syst. 3. p. 192; Wall.! L. n. 5842 ; Wight! cat.
n. 911.—P. bilobus, Roxb. in herb. Lamb. ; G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 376.—
Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 25? (very bad).——Columala.

* 824. (3) P. dalbergioides (Roxb.:) arboreous : leaflets about 9, alternate,
ovate-lanceolate, glabrous: panicles terminal, much branched: bracteas
ovate, caducous: bracteoles minute, oblong, pressing upon the calyx, ca-
ducous: petals long-clawed, all curled and waved on the margins: stamens
equally diadelphous from the base upwards : legume long-stalked, surrounded
by a broad membranaceous wing, attenuated at the base, usually 1- some-
times 2-seeded.— Rob. fl. Ind. 3. p. 236 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1587; DC.
prod. 2. p. 418; Wall.! L. n. 5843 (partly) ; Wight ! cat. n. 910.

Our specimens are from the Madras herbarium, and were perhaps from the
AC, Garden. Roxburgh mentions the Andaman islands as the na-

ive place.

825. (4) P. Wallichii (W. & A.:) arborescent: leaflets about 9, alternate,
ovate or oval, with a sudden bluntish acumination, glabrous: panicles axil-
lary, composed of a few simple lax racemes: bracteas subulate, caducous :
braeteoles longish, setaceous, spreading, caducous : petals long-clawed, all
curled and waved on the margins: stamens all united into a sheath split
down on the upper side only.— Wight ! cat. n. 909.—P. dalbergioides, Wall.!
L. n. 5843. d.

We have not yet seen the fruit.

TRIBE I.—MIMOSEZ. R. Brown.

Flowers regular or nearly so, often polygamous, rarely all bisexual.
Sepals 4-5, equal, often combined into a 4—5-toothed calyx : sestivation
valvular or very rarely imbricative. Petals 4—5, equal, usually hypo-
gynous, rarely inserted into the bottom of the calyx, sometimes dis-
tinct, sometimes all more or less united: sestivation valvular, or very
rarely imbricative. Stamens inserted with the petals, distinct or mo-
nadelphous, as many or several times as many as the petals. Embryo
straight, the radicle never being bent along the lobes of the cotyle-
dons: cotyledons usually foliaceous. Podosperm usually flexuose or
twisted.—Leaves abruptly pinnated or bipinnated.

SUBTRIBE I.—4ACACIEJE.
Calyx and corolla with the estivation valvular.

LXIV. ENTADA. Adans.; DC.

Flowers polygamous, bisexual and male. Petals 5, distinct, or slightly
connected at the very base. Stamens 10-25; anthers tipped with a gland.
e compressed, evidently jointed, joints 1-seeded ; the valves jointed
and ih maturity separating from each other; the sutures (or replum) persis-
tent. Seeds thick, naked. Cotyledons thick, remaining unchanged under
ground during germination.—Climbing unarmed immense shrubs. Leaves
bipinnated or conjugately pinnated, the rachis often ending in a tendril.
Flowers white or pale yellow, spiked, very numerous, several abortive. Le-
gumes glabrous, unarmed, very large.
826. (1) E. Pusetha (DC.:) leaves bipinnated ; pinnze 2 pairs (sometimes
only 1 pair); leaflets 2-5 pair, glabrous on both sides, oblong-obovate or

268 LEGUMINOSJE. ‘Mimosa.

ovate, emarginate: spikes solitary or in pairs, axillary, usually on a former
year’s shoots from which the leaves have fallen, sometimes on the young
shoots: petals connected at the base: stamens 10: legume more or less
twisted.—DC. prod. 2. p. 425; Wall.! L. n. 5294.—E. monostachya, DC.
I. e. ; Wall.! L. n. 5293.—E. Rheedei, Spr. syst. 2. p. 325.—E. Parrana, Spr.
l. c. (partly).—Puseetha, n. 644, Linn. fl. Zeyl.—Mimosa, n. 219, Linn. fl.
Zeyl.—M. scandens, Linn. sp. p. 1501 (partly) ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 554.—
M. Entada, Linn. sp. p. 1502.—Acacia scandens, Willd. l. c. p.1057.—Rheed.
Mal. 8. t. 32, 33, 34 ; and 9. t. 77; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 4. Malabar.

. When the plants are young, the spikes are frequently axillary on the young
shoots as in Rheede's 9. t. 77 ; which has made some botanists suppose that
there are two species in India.

LXV. MIMOSA. Adans.; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 155.

Flowers polygamous, bisexual and male. Petals 4—5, united into a some-
what infundibuliform 4-5-cleft corolla. Stamens 4-15, equal to the number
of divisions of the corolla, or twice or thrice as many, inserted into the base
of the corolla, or on the stalk of the ovary. Legume compressed-flat, com-
posed of 1 or more 1-seeded joints ; the sutures persistent: valves somewhat
membranaceous. Seeds naked.—Petioles with stipules. Leaves conjugately,
or digitately, or doubly pinnated. Flowers reddish or white, capitate.

We pass over M. pudica, Linn. (Wall.! L. n. 5292, and Wight’s cat. n. 568), as it
is a native of no part of India.

827. (1) M. hamata (Willd. :) branches, petioles, and peduncles pubescent
and armed with scattered prickles: leaves bipinnated : pinnse 4 pairs ; leaflets
7-8 pair, minute, linear-oval, approximated, pubescent: peduncles longer
than the leaves, bearing one head of flowers: legumes linear, 3-7-jointed,
faleately eurved, pubescent, long-stalked ; sutures emarginate between the
joints, and with the stalk prickly.—Willd. sp. 4. p. 1033 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 421;
bon cat, n. 567.—M. armata, Rottl.!; Spr. syst. 2. p. 206; Wall.! L. m

828. (2) M. rubicaulis (Lam. :) branches and petioles armed with scattered
hooked prickles: leaves bipinnated; pinne 5 pair, with a bristle-s
gland between each pair; leaflets 10-12 pair, oblong-linear, adpressed-pu-
bescent: stipules subulate, at the base of the common and partial petioles ;
the former free from, the latter cohering with the petioles : peduncles 1-head-
ed, several together in the axils of the upper and usually abortive leaves:
flowers octandrous : legume sessile, compressed-flat, glabrous, obscurely
jointed ; sutures straight, prickly or sometimes unarmed.— Lam. enc. m ‘
p.20 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 429; Wall.! L. n. 5289; Wight! cat. n. 565—M.
octandra, Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 200; fl. Ind. 2. p. 564.—9M. Rottleri, Spr. syst. 2-
p. 206.— M. spinosiliqua, Rottl. !

LXVI. INGA. Plum.; Willd.

Flowers polygamous, bisexual and male, Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5
united into a 5-cleft corolla, Stamens numerous, protruded, monadelphous
at the base or sometimes for nearly their whole length, Legume broadly
linear, compressed, 1-celled. Seeds covered usually with pulp, more rarely
with a pellicle or farinaceous matter.—Shrubs or trees, usually unarmed.
Flowers spiked or capitate, red or white,

*829. (1) I. dulcis (Willd.:) arboreous: extreme branches pendulout
armed with short straight stipulary thorns: leaves bigeminate (pinn®æ

Inca. LEGUMINOSJE. 269

leaflets each one pair) ; leaflets oblong, very unequal sided, obtuse, with a
gland between the pinne and between the pairs of leaflets: petiole shorter
than the leaflets: flowers capitate; heads shortly peduncled, racemose, the
racemes panicled: legumes turgid, twisted : seeds glabrous and smooth, im-
bedded in a firm pulp.—Willd. sp. 4. p. 1005 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 436 ; Spr. syst.
3. p. 128; Wall.! L. n. 5282; Wight! cat. n. 564.—Mimosa dulcis, Roxb.
Cor. 1. t. 99; fl. Ind. 2. p. 556.

Roxburgh says it was introduced into India from the Philippine islands ;
it is now a tree of very frequent occurrence, particularly towards the coast.

830.. (2) I. geminata (W. & A. :) shrubby: branches simple, pubescent,
filiform, flexuose, with stipulary spreading spines: leaves conjugately pin-
nated, with a gland between the pinne : leaflets 3-5 pair, with an odd one
on the outside below the pairs, oblong-obovate, unequal at the base, gla-
brous, without glands between the pairs: petioles pubescent: flowers capi-
tate; heads small, globose, few-flowered, on axillary slender peduncles.—
Wight! cat. n. 591.—1. flexuosa, Graham! in Wall.! L. n. 5286.—Mimosa
geminata, Koen. ! in herb. Linn.!, Banks !, and Smith !

Our specimen is from Ceylon, but we believe it has also been found in the
Be provinces of the Peninsula. It forms a shrub from 8 to 12 feet

igh.

831. (3) I. xylocarpa (DC.:) arboreous, unarmed : leaves conjugately pin-
nated, with a gland between the pinnee ; leaflets 2-4 pair, with an odd one
on the outside below the pairs, ovate-oblong, acute, with a gland between
each pair: peduncles in pairs, axillary, long : flowers globose-capitate : le-
gume ovate-oblong, hatched-shaped, woody, many-seeded.—DC. prod. 2.
p.439; Wall.! L. n. 5277 ; Wight! cat. n. 594.—Mimosa xylocarpa, Roxb.
Cor. 1. t. 100 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 543.—Acacia xylocarpa, Willd. sp. 4. p. 1055 ;
Spr. syst. 8. p. 137.

1832. (4) I. Koenigii (W. & A.:) thorns stipulary, stout, straight, very pa-
tent : branches flexuose, and petioles and peduncles pubescent : leaves bipin-
nated ; pinne 2 pairs, with an orbicular gland between the pairs; leaflets 4
pair, with an odd one on each side below the lowest pair, obliquely oblong,
mucronate, shining on the upper surface: peduncles axillary, in pairs, the
length of the leaves, each with a single globular head of 8-10 flowers.—Mi-
mosa nitida, Vahl, symb. 2. p. 103.—Acacia nitida, Willd. sp. 4. p. 1086; DC.
prod. 2. p. 460 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 143. :

With this we are unacquainted. We have referred it to Inga from the
pinne having a leaflet more on the outside than on the inner, a peculiarity
unknown, we believe, in Acacia: it has no relation. with I. nitida, Willd.
May it not be an accidental variation of I. geminata with 2 pair of pinnee ¢ ;
every other character agrees very exactly. Vahl received it from Koenig.

833. (5) I. bigemina (Willd. :) arboreous, unarmed : leaves conjugately or
bipinnated ; pinnæ 1-2 pair, with a gland between each pair; leaflets = :
pair, short-petioled, ovate-lanceolate, acuminated, glabrous, shining, ud
a gland between each pair: racemes panieled, terminal, many Howes ;
flowers in small globose heads: legumes spirally twisted.— Willd. E ; 32
1007 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 439 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 128 ; Wight! cat. n. — =
da, Wall.! L. n. 5267 (not H. B. K.)—. Wightiana, Graham ! in de d
n. 5281.—Mimosa bigemina, Linn. sp. p. 1409 ; Vahl, symb. 2. p. 109.—.
lucida, Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 544; Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 12. E oua

The petiole is terminated by a small land (or rather an eg partia
petiole) as in most other species ; but besides, there are two pretty large con-

Nei i en each pair of pinnæ when there
apsis jed énebuegitin pi there ua a gland about the mid-

r ought to have
(from

are two mg or when there is only one pair, r
dle of the petiole, marking the place where the other pal : :
sprung, Of Wallich’s List, n. 5267, we have merely seen the letter

270 LEGUMINOSAE. DrEsMANTHUS.

Heyne's herbarium) ; it has only one pair of pinnæ; and agrees with the Lin-
nean type of the species. No. 5281 has 2 pair of pinnse, but we know that
character to be inconstant, and Roxburgh says of his Mim. lucida, that it has
either one or two pairs.

834. (6) I. umbellata (Willd.:) arboreous, armed: thorns stipulary, or
often solitary (and then abortive branches), large, diverging, leaf and flower
ring: leaves bipinnated; pinne 1-2 pairs, with a gland between each
pair ; leaflets 3-10 pair, with an odd one on the outside below the lowest
pair, glabrous, linear-oblong, obtuse, sessile, with an inconspicuous gland be-
tween each pair, the uppermost pair obovate: peduncles axillary, slender, 1-2
together, bearing a single globular head of few short-pedicelled flowers: sta-
mens very long: legumes large, many-jointed, much curved, woody, slightly
scabrous, at length shining. — Willd. sp. 4. p. 1027 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 439; G.
Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 393 (not p. 391. n. 59) ; Wight! cat. n. 563.—1. con-
cordiana, DC. l e. p. 441; Wail.! L. n. 5287.—Mimosa umbellata, Vahl,
symb. 2. p. 103.—M. bigemina, Koen. ! in herb. Linn.—M. concordiana, Roxb.
Jl. Ind. 2. p. 556; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1008.

LXVII. DESMANTHUS. Willd.

„Flowers polygamous, bisexual and neuter. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5,
distinct and oblong-spathulate, or united, or wanting in the neuter florets.
Stamens 10, more rarely 5; the filaments in the lower flowers of each spike
sterile, dilated and membranaceous or filiform. Legume continuous, thickly
membranaceous, dry, flat, 2-valved. Seeds naked.—Herbaceous or suffrutes-
cent unarmed plants. Leaves with stipules, bipinnated. Spikes axillary, pe-
— ovate or cylindrical. Flowers white, the fertile filaments usually
yellow.

$ 1. Sterile filaments flat and somewhat petaloid : legumes oblong, 4-8- m
Neptunia, Lour.

835. (1) D. natans (Willd. :) annual, floating and throwing out roots ; stem
here and there swollen and inflated: leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 2-3 pair;
leaflets 8-12 pair: stipules obliquely cordate: peduncles axillary, solitary,
longer than the leaves, with often a single bractea about the middle: flowers
in oblong solitary spikes: corolla 5-petalled: stamens 10: legume stalked,
oblique at the base, oblong, falcate, 6-8-seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1044; D C.
prod. 2. p. 444 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 325 ; Wall. ! L. n. 6295 ; Wight! cat. n. 557.
—Mimosa natans, Roxb. Cor, 2. t. 119 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 553.—M. prostrata, Lam.
— Neptunia oleracea, Lour.—Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 21.

,836. (2) D. triquetrus (Willd. :) bi-triennial, prostrate: stem compressed,
triquetrous below: leaves bipinnated ; pinnz 2-3 pair; leaflets 10-12 pair:
stipules subulate : peduncles axillary, solitary, naked or with 2 caducous
bracteas about the middle: flowers globular-headed ; 5-petaled, decandrous:
legumes stalked, linear-oblong, equal-sided, 4—6-seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. P-
1045 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 444; Spr. syst. 2. p. 325; Wall! L. n. 5296; Wight!
cat. n. 558.—Mimosa triquetra, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 102; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p-
552.—M. natans, Linn. ! suppl. p. 439.— Pluk, t. 307. Fi.

§ 2. Sterile filaments filiform: legumes linear, many-seeded.—Desmanthea,
DC.

, 897. (3) D. virgatus (Willd. :) suffruticose : stem erect, angled : leaves bi-
pmnated; pinne 3-4 pair, with a large concave gland tid the lowest

DicnrosTacHys. LEGUMINOSAE. 2701

pair ; leaflets 15-20 pair: stipules subulate: peduncles axillary, solitary, about
as long as the leaves, naked ; bearing a globose few-flowered head: petals 5:
stamens 10: legume narrow-linear, 10-30-seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1047 (exel.
syn.) ; DC. prod. 2. p. 445 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 326; Wall.! L. n. 5298 ; Wight!
cat. n. 569.—Mimosa virgata, Linn. sp. p. 1502.

LXVIII. DICHROSTACHYS. DC.

Flowers polygamous, bisexual and neuter. Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5,
distinet or united into a gamopetalous corolla. Stamens 10; filaments in the
lower flowers of each spike sterile, linear and elongated: anthers of the fer-
tile ones bearing a shortly stalked deciduous gland. Legume thick and
coriaceous, curved and twisted, somewhat jointed, indehiscent; joints 1-
seeded, scarcely separating naturally. Seeds naked.—Shrubs, often atmed
with stipulary thorns. Leaves pinnated ; pinnæ 5-10 pair, with glands be-
tween the lower ones: leaflets numerous, linear, pubescent. Flowers in ob-
long-cylindrical axillary spikes: fertile stamens yellow, sterile ones white
or variously coloured.

Plants so very unlike Desmanthus in habit and every character, except the sterile
flowers being neuter, that we feel rather surprised at their having been so long con-
oined with it: we therefore separate them, and adopt the name given to the section

y De Candolle as that of the genus.

838. (1) D. cinerea (W. & A.:) thorns solitary: pinnæ of the leaves 8-10
pair; leaflets ciliated, 12-15 pair: petioles pubescent: spikes usually solita-
ry, rarely 2-8 together, drooping, somewhat cylindric, rather shorter than the
leaves: petals scarcely cohering by their margins, and forming a 5-cleft co-
rolla.— Wight ! cat. n..556,— Mimosa cinerea, Linn. sp. p. 1505: Roxb. Cor. 2.
t. 174 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 561.—Desmanthus cinereus, Willd. sp. 4. p. 1048 ; DC.
prod. 2. p. 445.— Acacia cinerea, Spr. syst. 3. p. 143 ; Wall. ! L. n. 5231.—A.
Dalea, Desv. journ. bot. 1814, 1. p. 69; DC. l c. p. 459.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 2 ;
Pluk. t. 121. f. 5.—— Frequent in sterile arid soils.

LXIX. ADENANTHERA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 334.

Flowers bisexual. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5, lanceolate, sessile, slight-
ly cohering at the very base. Stamens 8-10: anthers tipped with a short-
stalked deciduous gland. Legume compressed, linear, membranaceous, with
transverse partitions between the seeds, slightly torulose. Seeds naked.—
Unarmed trees or shrubs. Leaves bipinnated. Racemes somewhat spike-
like, terminal or from the axils of the upper leaves.

839. (1) A. Pavonina (Linn.:) leaflets oval, obtuse, glabrous on both sides :
legume somewhat faleate and twisted.—Linn. sp. p. 550 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 446 ;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 328; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 370; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1427 ;
ee L. n. 5300 ; Wight! cat. n. 600.— Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 14; Rumph. Amb.

- t. 109.

LXX. PROSOPIS. Linn.

_ Flowers polygamous, bisexual and male, Calyx 5-toothed. Petals 5, dis-
tinet. Stamens 10; filaments united at the very base. Legume continuous,
filled with pulp, linear, cylindrical, slightly compressed, torulose, at length
crumbling to pieces.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves bipinnated or occasionally
simply pinnated. Flowers usually spiked, rarely in globular heads.

840. (1) P. spicigera (Linn. :) somewhat arboreous, armed with scattered

272 LEGUMINOS. © VACHELLIA.

prickles, or sometimes unarmed : leaves rarely simply pinnated, usually bipin-
nated with 1-2 pair of pinne, and a gland between each pair; leaflets 7-10
pair, oblong-linear, obtuse, glabrous: spikes axillary, several together, elon-

ted, filiform: anthers tipped with a deciduous gland: legumes cylindric,
filled with a mealy pulp.—Linn.! mant. p. 68; DC. prod. 2. p. 446; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 526; Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 63; Wall.! L.n. 5299; Wight! cat. n. 555.—
P. spicata, Burm. Ind. p. 102. t. 25. f. 3.—Adenanthera aculeata, Rowb. ff.
Ind. 3. p. 371.— Pluk. t. 121. f. 3.

LXXI. VACHELLIA. W.& A.

Flowers polygamous, bisexual and male. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tu-
bular, gamopetalous, 5- (occasionally 6-) toothed. Stamens very numerous,
distinct. Legume cylindrical, turgid, scarcely dehiscent, filled with pulp
and a double row of seeds.—A large shrubby or small tree, armed with sti-
pulary straight thorns. Leaves bipinnated: pinnæ 4-8 pair, with a gland be-
low the lower pair and often between the uppermost: leaflets 10-20 pair,
linear, nearly glabrous. Petioles and peduncles more or less pubescent.
Flowers capitate; heads globular, 2-3 together, each on an axillary peduncle.

841. (1) V. Farnesiana (W. & A.)\—Wight! cat. n. 591.—Mimosa Farne-
siana, Linn. sp. p. 1506 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 557.—M. sepiaria, Roab. in E.
I. C. mus. tab. 492.—M. Indica, Poir.—Acacia Farnesiana, Willd. sp. 4. p.
1083 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 461 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 145 ; Wall.! L. n. 5264,—A. Indi-
ca, Desv. journ. bot. 1814, 1. p. 69 ; DC. I. c. p. 146.—Pluk. t. 73. f. 3.

This, like Acacia Arabica, exudes a considerable quantity of gum. We
have named this very distinct genus in honour of the Rey. G. H. Vachell, who
has lately contributed largely, by means of specimens, to make the botany of
China better known to Europeans.

LXXII. ACACIA. JVeck.; Willd.

Flowers polygamous, bisexual and male. Calyx 4-5-toothed. Petals 4-5
either distinct, or united into a gamopetalous 4—5-cleft corolla. Stamens va-
rious in number (8-200). Legume continuous, dry, 2-valved. Seeds with-
out pulp.—Shrubs or trees, unarmed, or armed with stipulary thorns or scat-
tered prickles. Leaves, in all the Indian species, bipinnated. Flowers yel-
low, white, or rarely red, in globular heads or longish spikes.

§ 1. Flowers spiked. +

842. (1) A. Catechu (Willd. :) arboreous: branches armed with stipulary
thorns, or occasionally unarmed ; young shoots, petioles and peduncles more
or less pubescent : leaves bipinnated ; pinne 10-30 pair; leaflets 30-50 pair: —
petiole sometimes armed on the under side with a row of prickles, with one
large gland below the lowest pair of pinnæ, and between the extreme 1-6 pairs:
spikes axillary, 1—4 together, shorter than the leaves: flowers numerous: Pe
tals united: stamens distinct, numerous: legumes flat, thin, straight, linear,
peus. 4-8-seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1079 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 458; Spr-

458.—A. catechuoides, Wall.! L. n. 5229 (partly).—Mimosa catechu, Lin
suppl. p. 439 (from descr.) ; Roab.! fl. Ind. 2. p. 563; in E. I. C. mus. t
1725.—M. catechuoides, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 562; Cor. 2. t. 175 (under ™-

_After a careful examination of our specimens compared with figures -
deseriptions, we cannot separate the above as species. The absence oT F

Acacia. — LEGUMINOSAE. 273

sence of prickles on the petioles affords no distinctive character, as both states
may be seen on the same specimen: thus the only difference between A. Ca-
techu and A. polyacantha is done away. Roxburgh in his fl. Ind. separates
the A. Catechu of the “ Cor. plants" under the name of A. catechuoides, while
he describes and figures a Bengal plant as the true A. Catechu, but although we
have the figures and descriptions of both before us, we cannot find out the
least difference, the stamens in the Peninsular plant being as distinct at the
base (not monadelphous as Roxburgh says) as in the Bengal one. Roxburgh
describes another allied species which he calls 4. Suma (to which we are dis-
posed to refer A. Sundra, Wall. L. n. 5227, a, c, and perhaps d), and quotes
under it, we think erroneously, A. polyacantha of Willdenow: it principall
differs from A. Catechu by the bark being white, while in A, Catechu it is
usually dark brown.

843. (2) A. Sundra (DC.:) arboreous, every where glabrous: branches
armed with compressed decurrent recurved stipulary prickles, sometimes en-
tirely unarmed: leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 15-20 pair, with a gland on the pe-
tiole below the lowest pair and between the extreme pairs ; leaflets 20-40 pair,
small, linear, obtuse : spikes 1-3 together, axillary, peduncled, shorter than the
leaves, cylindrical, many-flowered : corolla 5-cleft: stamens very numerous,
distinct, legumes flat, thin, lanceolate, few-seeded ; sutures straight or occa- -
sionally emarginate between the seeds.—DC. prod. 2. p. 458; Spr. syst. 3. p.
143; Wall. L. n. 5227 (partly); Wight! cat. n. 572, 607, 608.—A. chundra,
Willd. sp. 4. p. 1078.—Mimosa Sundra, Roxb. Cor. 3. t. 225; fl. Ind. 2. p. 562.

This species is extremely like A. Catechu, and affords also the resin Cate-
chu; it principally differs by being perfectly glabrous. The prickles are some-
ames absent on one branch, and present on another, of the same tree; and
even this difference may be observed on different parts of a single specimen.

844. (3) A. ferruginea (DC.:) arboreous, armed with conical stipulary
thorns, occasionally unarmed: branches diffuse : leaves glabrous, bipinnated;
pinnz 3-6 pair, with one gland on the petiole and one between each of the
1-2 extreme pair ; leaflets 10-20 pair, oblong-linear, obtuse: spikes axillary,
usually in pairs, cylindrical, many-flowered: corolla 5-cleft : stamens nume-
rous, slightly united at the very base: legumes flat, lanceolate, obtuse, hard,
2-6-seeded.— DC. prod. 2. p. 458; Wall.! I. n. 5226; Wight! cat. n. 596,
606.— Mimosa ferruginea, Roxb. / in herb. Sm. ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 561; in E Lt.
mus. tab. 494. Circars; Roxburgh. Courtallum. S :

“ Bark deeply cracked, of a dark rusty colour, and strongly astringent. —
Roxs. The legumes are also rust-coloured.

845. (4) A. latronum (Willd.:) somewhat arboreous, armed ; thorns nu-
merous, stipulary, very large, terete, tapering, united at the base: leaves bi-
pinnated ; pinnee 3-5 pair, with a gland on the petiole ; leaflets 6-15 pair,
very small, narrow linear, obtuse, without any glands between the pairs:
spikes axillary, usually in pairs, peduncled, cylindric, longer than the leaves,
many-flowered : corolla 4-5-cleft: stamens numerous, distinct: legume flat,
thickish, oval-faleate, 3-4-seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1077 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 460 ;
Spr. syst. 3. p. 142 ; Wight ! cat. n. 603.—A. umbraculifera, Wight! in Wail. !
L. n. 4245.—Mimosa latronum, Koen. ; Linn. suppl. p. 438 (as to the descr.,
but not the spec. char.) ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 558; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1724.—M. cornigera, Linn. ! suppl. p. 438. nM ud

We feel quite certain that the name /atronum, with the station and all the
description sent by Koenig, and published in the Supplementum Plantarum,
refers to M. cornigera of the same work (not of Linn.), and not to the spe-
cimen preserved in the herbarium of the younger Linneeus, and from which
he drew up his specific character. We have therefore retained the specific
name by which the plant is at present known. As to the specimen from
which the specific character was taken, we suspect it may not have come
from Koenig at all, and that the general habitat attached to ** M. cornigera

8

274 LEGUMINOS. ACACIA.

in the suppl. pl. belongs to it: we think it the same as Roxburgh’s Mim.
dumosa. The true M. cornigera was taken up by Linnæus from a figure,
and without seeing a specimen: it is an American plant.—From some un-
known cause, the tree at a certain stage ceases to elongate: the branches
then increase horizontally to a considerable extent in all directions, forming
a flat umbrella-like top: in one extensive jungle of it, near the foot of the
Madura hills, every tree has assumed this remarkable form.

* 846. (5) A. dumosa (W. & A.:) shrubby: branches terete, glabrous,
armed; thorns numerous, subulate, stipulary, white, united at the base:
leaves bipinnated, small; pinnæ 2-3 pair, with a hollow gland between the
last pair ; leaflets about 4 pair, obovate-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, very small :
spikes axillary, somewhat in pairs, peduncled, much longer than the leaves,
many-flowered.—Mimosa latronum, Linn.! suppl. p. 438 (as to the spec.
char.)—9M. dumosa, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 559.

The fruit is unknown.

$ 2. Unarmed : heads of flowers globose.
+ Leaflets numerous, small.

847. (6) A. stipulata (DC.:) arboreous, unarmed : young shoots irregularly
angled, and the petioles tomentose: leaves bipinnated ; pinnze 6-20 pen
with a gland on the petiole, and between each of most of the upper pairs ;
leaflets numerous, very unequal-sided, semihastate, acute: stipules and the
bracteas large, semicordate, acuminated : peduncles aggregated, panicled ; pa-
nicles terminal and in the upper axils: heads of flowers globose : corolla tubu-
lar, 5-cleft : stamens about 20, very long, monadelphous at the base : legumes
flat, thin, linear-lanceolate, glabrous, 6-12-seeded.—DC. prod. 2. p. 469;
Wall.! L. n. 5236 ; Wight! cat. n. 570.—Mimosa stipulata, Roxb. hort. Bengh.
p. 40.—M. stipulacea, Roxb. ! in herb. Smith ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 549 ; in EEG
mus. tab. 1723.——Courtallum.

_In the Bengal plant the stipules are more persistent ; in ours they are -
ciduous, although the bracteas remain on for a long time: we can, however,
see no other difference. We can point out no character between this and 4.
Smithiana, Wall.! L. n. 5237 (Mim. Smithiana, Roxb.)

848. (7) A. amara (Willd. :) arboreous, unarmed : branches terete ; IUE
shoots, petioles, peduncles, and under side of the leaflets, clothed with y el-
lowish tomentum: leaves bipinnated ; pinnze 8-10 pair, with a gland on the
petiole and between the last pair; leaflets 20-30 pair, when old somewhat
glabrous: stipules laneeolate : peduneles solitary or aggregated, long and fili-
form, in the axils of the upper leaves, and racemose from the abortion of the
leaves: flowers small, in globular heads: corolla 5-cleft: stamens long, nu-
merous, monadelphous: legumes flat, thin, broadly linear, 3-6-seeded.—
Willd. sp. 4. p. 1074; DC. prod. 2. p. 469 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 141 ; Wall. ! L.n.
5238; Wight! cat. n. 597 (partly).—A. nellyrenza (ought to be nella-renga)
Grah. in Wall. L. n. 5240.—Mimosa amara, Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 122 ; ft. Ind. *
p. 548. :

Our specimens are from Klein’s herbarium, and were named “ Mim. to-
mentosa, Willd.,” a circumstance the more remarkable, because it was from

Klein that Willdenow had his specimens of the true A. tomentosa.

849. (8) A. Wightii (Graham:) arboreous, unarmed: branches terete; Y oung
shoots nearly or quite glabrous: leaves bipinnated ; pinnee about 9 or 10 pat
with a gland on the petiole below the lowest pair and between the upper bs
pair; leaflets 15-25 pair, oblong-linear, obtuse, glabrous, glaucous on t
under side: petioles pubescent: stipules subulate: peduncles solitary; 6-
bearing a capitate head of flowers: legumes thin, broadly linear, about
seeded.— Grah. ! in Wall.! L. n. 5259; Wight! cat. n. 592, 595.—Mimos*

LÀ

Acacta. LEGUMINOSZ. 275

pulchella, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 548 (not A. pulchella, Br.)——Malabar.
Southern Provinces.

We have not seen the flowers. It is so very closely allied to A. amara,
that we almost doubt of its being a distinct species: the leaves and young
branches are however much more glabrous, and the peduncles, so far as we
have seen, are always solitary and in the axils of the leaves, without any ten-
dency to form a terminal raceme.

+ + Leaflets fewer and larger.

850. (9) A. odoratissima (Willd.:) arboreous, unarmed: branches gla-
brous ; leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 3-4 pair, with a gland on the petiole and
between the uppermost pair; leaflets 10-14 pair, narrow, oval, obtuse, ob-
lique, glabrous, pale on the under side: panicles terminal and axillary, the
ultimate divisions cymose or somewhat umbellate: flowers in small globose
heads: corolla tubular, 4-cleft to the middle : stamens monadelphous: legume
flat, broadly linear, thin, thick margined, about 10-seeded.—Willd. sp. 4.
p. 1063 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 466 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 139 ; Wall.! L. n. 5234 ; Wight !
cat. n. 598, 599.—A. lomatocarpa, DC. l. c. p. 467.—Mimosa adoratissima,
Linn.! suppl. p. 487 ; Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 120 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 546.—M. marginata,
Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 12.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 5; Pluk. t. 351. f. 4 1. —— Coro-
mandel and Malabar.

851. (10) A. procera (Willd.:) arboreous, unarmed, nearly glabrous:
branches terete: leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 3-5 pair, with a large gland on
the petiole ; leaflets 6-12 pair,obliquely oval, pointed, glabrous: panicles ax-
illary, or terminal and very large: heads of flowers globular, peduncled, ag-
gregated: stamens numerous, monadelphous: legume thin, flat, straight, li-
near-lanceolate, pointed, 8-12-seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1063 ; DC. prod. 2.
3 466 ; Spr. syst. 8. p. 139.—Mimosa procera, Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 121; fl. Ind.

. p. 548.

852. (11) A. speciosa (Willd. :) arboreous, unarmed : young branches flexu-
ose, glabrous: leaves bipinnated ; pinns 1-4 pair, with a large gland a little
above the base of the petiole ; leaflets 4-9 pair, oval, obtuse or retuse, un-
equal, glabrous, with often one or two small glands near the base of the par-
tial petioles, and small ones between the leaflets: peduncles axillary, 1-4 to-
er, each bearing a globular head of shortly pedicelled flowers : ealyx
ong-tubular: petals 5, united to beyond the calyx: stamens very long, nu-
merous, monadelphous: legume thin, flat, broadly linear, remotely 8-10-
seeded, not opening spontaneously.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1066; DC. prod. 2.
P. 467 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 139 ; Wight ! cat. n. 600.—A. Sirissa, Ham. ! in Wall.!
L. n. 5265.—Mimosa speciosa, Jacq. coll. 1. p. 47 ; ic. rar. 1. t. 198.—M. Si-
rissa, Rowb.! in herb. Smith! and Banks! ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 544.—M. Lebbek ?,

„in E. I. C. mus. tab. 483.—M. flexuosa, Rottl. in Ainsl. mat. med. Hind.
Pluk. 1:991... 1. :

There is considerable difference of appearance between the cultivated and
wild specimens, but in all the essential points they agree. The wild plant
has usually been confounded with A. Lebbek, to which it is so closely allied
that Plukenet’s figure, which is good, is always quoted for that species ; this
Circumstance seems to have led De Candolle to suppose that A. Lebbek had

n introduced into East India. :

*853. (12) A. frondosa (Willd.:) shrubby, erect, unarmed: branches te-
Tete, ene leaves vesci : inne about 6 pair, with a gland on the
Petiole close to the lower pair; leaflets about 14 pair, lanceolate, acute, ra-
ther distant, pubescent on the under side: peduncles axillary, solitary or in
pairs, as long as the petiole, bearing a globular head of flowers: petals 5, li-
near-lanceolate, distinct : stamens 10, long, distinet : legume flat, thin, linear,

thickened on the margins, many-seeded.—Willd. sp. 4. p. 1076 ; DC. prod. 2.

s2

276 LEGUMINOSE. Acacia.

p. 468; Spr. syst. 3. p. 140; Wight! cat. n. 601.—A. coronja, Ham.! in
Wall.! L. n. 5239. OEA

This species is very closely allied to A. glauca, from which it principally
differs in the mucli broader legume ; in this about three-fourths of an inch
broad, in the other not a fourth. We have never met with this species in a
wild state: it is very common in gardens.

§ 3. Armed with stipulary thorns: heads of flowers globose.

854. (13) A. tomentosa (Willd.:) arboreous, armed: branches terete: spines
stipulary, spreading, often very large and hard: young shoots, petioles, and
peduncles, clothed with yellowish tomentum: leaves bipinnated ; pinne
10-12 pair, with an oblong gland below the lowest, and an umbilicate one
between each of the 1-2 last pair; leaflets 20-80 pair, linear, obtuse, pubes-
cent on the under side: peduncles axillary, 1-4-together, furnished about the
middle with 4 small bracteas ; heads of flowers globose : corolla 5-cleft: sta-
mens numerous, distinct: stigma dilated: legume flat, thin, linear-faleate,
6-8-seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1087 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 462; Spr. syst. 3. p. 145 ;
Wall.! L. n: 5247 ; Wight! cat. n. 593, 602.—Mimosa tomentosa, Rozb. fl.
Ind. 2. p. 558 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1096 ; Rottl. in nov. act. nat. cur. Berol.
1803. p. 208.—M. Kleinii, Poir. enc. meth. suppl. 1. p. 82.

855. (14) A. planifrons (W. & A.:) arboreous, armed ; branches crowded
at the summit, spreading in all directions, and forming a flat umbrella-like
top: thorns stipulary, short conical and curved, and very long subulate terete
or angled and channelled on the sides: leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 5-6 pair;
leaflets 10-12 pair, very small, linear, obtuse, glabrous : petioles compressed,
flat on the lower side, ciliated, without glands: peduncles axillary, agre
gated, shorter than the leaves, bracteated at the base: heads of flowers glo-
bose: corolla 5-cleft : stamens numerous, distinct : legumes tumid, somewhat
terete, spirally eurved.— Wight ! cat. n. 560, 587 (partly).—Mimosa plan
frons, Koen. Í in herb. Linn. !—M. horrida, Sm. / in Rees’ cycl. (partly jn
umbrifera, Herb. Banks !——Artingarry. Tanjore. ^
This species approaches Mim. ins of Roxburgh in its foliage and inflo-
rescence, but the legume is different. Sir J. E. Smith had it before him when
he wrote his description of M. horrida in Rees’ Cyclopedia, and he evar
considered it the same as M. eburnea, Roxb., and has marked the specimen
so ; correetly remarking, however, that Roxburgh's plant was very -—
from that of Linneeus. Owing to this mistake, his description, partly taken
from the specimen of A. planifrons, and partly from Roxburgh’s figure of his
M. eburnea; is applicable to neither.

856, (15) A. Roaburghii (W. & A.:) shrubby, glabrous, armed : leaves bi-
pinnated ; pinnee 6 pair, approximated ; leaflets 9 pair, closely approximate
and almost imbricated : ‘thorns stipulary, often longer than the leaves, united
at the base: heads of flowers axillary, globose: stamens numerous, distinct:
legumes linear, variously bent.—Mimosa eburnea, Rowb. ! in herb. Banks: ;
Cor. 2. t. 199; fl. Ind. 2. p. 558.—M. horrida, Smith in Rees’ Cyel.

, 857. (16) A. eburnea (Willd.:) subarboreous, glabrous, armed: leaves be
pinnated ; pinns 2—4 pair, rather distant, with a concave gland between e
last pair: leaflets 5-8 pair, oval-oblong, obtuse, glabrous, slightly distant
from each other : thorns stipulary; united at the base, sometimes small, some”
times very large: peduncles axillary, several together, bracteated about the
middle: heads of flowers globose, small: corolla 5-cleft: stamens numerous;
distinct: legume elongated, twisted.—z; pinns; about 4 pair.— Wight peu

n. 587 (partly).—A. eburnea, Willd. sp. 4. p. 1082; DC. prod. 2. se :

Spr. syst. 3. p. 144.—Mimosa eburnea, Linn. ! suppl. p. 497.—5; pinnte
2 pair.— Wight ! cat. n. 574.—Pluk. t. 121. f. 4: ;

ACACIA. LEGUMINOSAE. 277

It is remarked in the Suppl. Plant. that the same tree is furnished with
various sizes of thorns and of leaves ; so that our two varieties may prove not

to be essentially distinct. ae

858. (17) A. Arabica (Willd.:) subarboreous, armed: branches terete, gla-
brous ; thorns stipulary, sometimes long, sometimes short or almost wanting :
leaves bipinnated ; pinne about 5 pair, with “a gland between the first and
last pairs; leaflets 15-20 pair, glabrous: peduncles aggregated, axillary or
forming a termifial raceme by the abortion of the leaves: heads of flowers
globose : corolla 5-cleft: stamens numerous, distinct: legumes stalked, com-
pressed, thickish, contracted on both sutures between the seeds.— Willd. sp.
4. p. 1085; DC. prod. 2. p. 461; Spr. syst. 3. p. 145; Wall.! L. n. 5246 ;
Wight ! cat. n. 516, 590.—Mimosa Arabica, Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 19; Rowb.
Cor. 2.t. 149 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 557.—Pluk. t. 221. f. 1. ;

There are unarmed specimens of this in the Linnæan herbarium.

£259. (18) A. leucophiea (Willd. :) arboreous ?, armed with stipulary thorns :
leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 7-12 pair, with a gland below the first, and be-
tween some of the last pairs ; leaflets 16-30 pair, oblong-linear, pubescent or
nearly glabrous: panicles large, terminal or from the upper axils ; branches
and peduncles shortly tomentose: heads of flowers globose, shortly pedun-
cled: corolla 5-cleft: stamens numerous, distinct: legume narrow, linear,
long, curved, shortly tomentose (at least when young).— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1083;
DC. prod. 2. p. 462; Spr. syst. 3. p. 155; Wall.! L. n. 5261; Wight! cat. n.
579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584.—A. alba, Willd.; DC. l. c.—Mimosa leuco-
phlea, Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 150 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 558.—M. alba, Rottl. in nov. act.
nat. cur. Berol. 1803, p. 208. : >

There is but one species, so far as we know, in India, with a panicled glo-
bular inflorescence and stipulary thorns.

§ 4. Armed with scattered prickles : heads of flowers globose.

860. (19) A. pennata (Willd. :) diffuse, climbing : branches irregularly an-
gled, slightly tomentose, armed with numerous small scattered nearly straight
or recurved prickles : leaves bipinnated ;pinnæ 8-13 pair ; leaflets numerous,
small, narrow-linear, semihastate, acute, glabrous : petiole tomentose, armed
with a row of prickles on the under side, with a large flat gland near the
base, and a small one between each of the 2-3 extreme pairs of pinnæ : pe-
duneles gated, axillary, or forming naked racemes towards the ends of
the branches: flowers in globular heads, polyandrous: legumes thin, 6-10-
seeded.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1090 (char. bad) ; DC. ? prod. 2. p. 464 ; Spr.? syst.
2. p. 147; Wight! cat. n. 588.—A. cesia, Wall.! L. n. §253.—A. canescens,
Grah.! in Wall.! L. n. 5256.—A. megaladena, Desv. Journ. bot. 1814. 1.
p. 69; DC. L c. p. 465.—Mimosa, n. 216, Linn. ! in herb. Herm.! ; ft. Zeyl.
—M. pennata, Linn. sp. p. 1507 (excl. syn.)—M. torta, Roxb. l. c. p. 566.—

. ferruginea, Rottl. ! ;Spr. syst. 2. p. 207 ; DC. l c. 481.——Courtallum.

861. (20) A. concinna (DC.:) diffuse: branches irre arly angled and
armed with numerous scattered compressed recurved prickles: leaves bipin-
nated; pinns; 6-8 pair; leaflets 15-25 pair, linear, somewhat semihastate,
Obtuse, mueronate, glabrous: petioles armed with hooked prickles on the
under side, with a large gland near the base and another between the extreme
a stipules large, membranous-cordate: panicles terminal and axillary,

; branches tomentose ; heads of flowers globular, peduncled, 3-5 toge-
ther in the axils of a small leaf or deciduous bractea : corolla 5-cleft: stamens
numerous, distinct : legumes large, succulent, contracted between the seeds ;
valves when dry shrivelled and rugose on the surface, angled on the margin.
— DC. prod. 2. p. 464; Wall.! L. n. 5250; Wight! cat. n. 566, 586, 589.—
A. pennata, DC. ? J. c.—Mimosa concinna, Willd. sp. 4. P. 1039 ; Roxb. fi.
Ind. 2. p. 564.—M. rugata, Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 20; DC. l c. p. 431; Spr.

d

278 X LEGUMINOS X. ACACIA.

syst. 2. p. 207.—M. abstergens, Spr. J. c.; DC. l. c.—M. saponaria, Roxb.
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 498.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 15 Pluk. t. 121. f. 6; Rumph. Amb.
b. t. 49. f2. ? :

Perhaps in strict justice the specific name (rugata) given by Lamarck
ought be retained. As to the genus, we have some doubts if it ought to be
left in Acacia; but the legume being dehiscent and the valves not jointed, it
cannot be placed in Mimosa. A. rugata, Wall. L. n. 5251, is very closely
allied, and has precisely the same kind of legume. se

862. (21) A. cesia (W. & A.:) shrubby, diffuse, armed with numerous
scattered small prickles: leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 10-14 pair, with one or
two convex oblong or roundish glands on the petioles and one between each
of the last 3—4 pairs; leaflets 15—40 pairs, oblong-linear, somewhat falcate, co-
riaceous, glabrous and shining above, pale and pubescent (or at length near-
ly glabrous) beneath : panicles terminal: heads of flowers globose, numerous:
stamens numerous, distinct: legume linear, flat.— Wight! cat. n. 573, 585.—
A. aliacea, Ham! in Wall.! L. n. 5258.—A. arrar, Ham! in Wall.! L.n.
5249.—A. Intsioides, DC. prod. 2. p. 464.—Mimosa ceesia, Linn. sp. p. 1507
(as to the reference to Plukenet’s description); Rowb.? fi. Ind. 2. p. 565.—
M. tenuifolia, Roxb.! hort. Bengh. p. 41.—M. pennata, Rowb.? in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 500.— Pluk. t. 330. f. 1 (good). :

We have not seen ripe fruit; in our specimens the legumes appear as if
they would be of a thickish texture and narrow linear; we therefore quote
M. pennata of Roxburgh's drawings (not of the fl. Ind.) and M. cesia of the
fl. Ind. with doubt, as he represents the legume broadly linear, and thin. M.
tenuifolia is omitted by Roxburgh in the fl. Indica ; perhaps he meant to re-
unite it with his M. cæsia—Linnæus has misled all his followers by quoting
Pluk. t. 330. f. 3, in place of f. 1, although he refers correctly to the letter-

ress from which the name cæsia was derived: and to add to this error, he
taken his character from a specimen of A. Zntsia, not in the least like
either figure. In his Species Plantarum, he established his Mim. Zntsia from
Rheede's figure, and of course characterised it in nearly the same terms as
his M. cesia.

863. (22) A. Intsia (Willd. :) shrubby, diffuse, procumbent or climbing:
branches angled, armed with numerous small recurved prickles: leaves bi-

innated ; pinnz 5-8 pair; leaflets about 9 pair, linear-oblong, shining, gla-
rous: petioles armed with recurved prickles on the under side, with a large
convex gland near the base and a small one between each of the 1-3 last pairs
of pinn : panicles lage, terminal ; peduncles 3-4 together : heads of flowers
lobose : corolla 5-cleft : stamens numerous, distinct : legumes broadly linear,
at and thin.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1091 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 464; Spr. syst. 8. p- 146;
Wall.! L. n. 5248 ; Wight! cat. n. 575, 577, 578, 604.—A. cæsia, Willd. l. c.
p. 1090 (excl. syn. Pluk.) ; DC.1. c. p. 465; Spr. l.c. p. 147.— Mimosa, n. 217,
Linn. ! in herb. Herm.! ; ft. Zeyl. (excl. syn. Pluk.)—M. Intsia, Linn. sP-
p. 1508 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 565 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 499.—M. ceesia, Linn.

sp. p. 1507 (excl. syn. Pluk., and therefore the name).—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 45
Pluk. t. 122. f. 2. :

t 864. (23) A.? cineraria (Willd.?:) glabrous: branches armed with very
numerous prickles ; prickles compressed, curved upwards, with a linear 0Y
base: leaves bipinnated ; pinnæ 1-2 pair ; leaflets 5-9 pair, linear-oval: pe-
tiole armed with minute compressed prickles, without glands : stipules large,
foliaceous, obliquely cordate-ovate.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 1057; DC.? prod. 2.
p. 456 ; Spr.? syst. 3. p. 197 ; Wight! cat. n. 5T1.—Pluk. t. 122. f: 20. |

The figure by Plukenet, from which the species has been taken up and all "e
synonyms depend, exhibits the leaflets (at a) much larger than in our plan "
we have, however, referred them here rather than to Prosopis specige™@, 1
the supposition that the bodies he has represented at the base of the pono
may have been stipules. The only specimen we have seen is very imperieC

Picea: LEGUMINOS E. E

without flowers or fruit: it was sent to Dr Wight by his collectors without
*

any locality attached. P
SUBTRIBE II.—PARKIEJE.

Calyx and corolla with a more or less imbricative zstivation. Petals distinct,
equal (with the stamens perigynous), or nearly so (with the stamens hypogynous
and monadelphous). S

LXXIII. PARKIA. R. Brown.

Flowers polygamous. Calyx tubular; the limb bilabiate ; upper lip 2-
cleft, lower 3-cleft: sestivation imbricative. Petals 5, nearly equal, the up-
per one a little broader than the others: sestivation connivent-imbricative.
Stamens 10, hypogynous, monadelphous. Legume many-seeded, 2-valved,
with a farinaceous pulp around and between the seeds.—U narmed trees.
Leaves bipinnated: pinne and leaflets many pairs. Stipules minute. Spikes
axillary, peduncled, club-shaped: flowers on the lower half of the rachis
usually male or neuter.

* 865. (1) P. biglandulosa (W. & A.:) pinnæ 20-40 pair, the upper ones
alternate ; leaflets 60—100 pair, linear, obtuse, glabrous on both sides, slightly
villous along the margin, approximated and somewhat imbricated: petiole
with two collateral convex oblong glands near the base ; common rachis
hoary with whitish tomentum, with a gland between each of the last 94
pairs of pinnæ ; partial rachis without glands.— Wight! cat. n. 559.—Mimosa
grandiflora, herb. Madr. !—M. pedunculata, Roxb. ? fl. Ind. 2. p. 551.

Our specimens were cultivated in the Missionary Garden. We refer here
Mim. pedunculata of Roxburgh, on account of there being two glands there
also at the base of the petiole: but we do so with doubt, because the glands
are said to be umbilicate. P. Rowburghii, G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 397
(P. Brunonis, Graham in Wall. L. n. 5288, or Mim. biglobosa, Roxb.) differs
by ae but one gland at the base of the petiole, and fewer pinne and
eattets.

TRIBE IIIL.—CJXESALPINE&. R. Brown.

Corolla more or less irregular, sometimes papilionaceous, sometimes
somewhat rosaceous, sometimes wanting : zestivation irregularly imbri-
cative, never valvular. Stamens more or less unequal, always peri-
gynous ; filaments usually distinct, rarely united. Embryo straight,
with the plumula generally conspicuous and large.

SUBTRIBE L—GEOFFREX. DC.

Corolla papilionaceous or nearly so. Stamens monadelphous or diadelphous,
perigynous. f

LXXIV. ARACHIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 615.

Calyx long-tubular, resembling a pedicel; the limb bilabiate. Corolla pa-
pilionaceous, resupinate. Stamens 10, inserted with the petals on the mouth
of the calyx, monadelphous: the sheath fleshy, with a groove on its upper
side, but not split. Ovary shortly stalked at the very base of the calyx ; the
stalk soon elongating. Style filiform. Stigma bearded on the inner side.
Legume on a very long stalk, ovate-oblong, obtuse at both ends, gibbous,
torulose, reticulated with veins, coriaceous, indehiscent, 1-celled, 2-4-seeded.

280 LEGUMINOSÆ. GUILANDINA.

Seeds fleshy, oily.—Annual, diffuse. Stems hairy. Stipules elongated, ad-
nate to the petiole. Leaves abruptly pinnated, without tendrils: leaflets 2
pair. Flowers 2-7 in the axils of the leaves.

* 866. (1) A. hypogea (Linn.)— Linn. sp. p. 1040 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 474 ; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 190 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 280; in E. T. C. mus. tab. 1272; Wall.!
L. n. 5810 ; Wight! cat. n. 915.—4A. Asiatica, Lour.—A. Africana, Lour.—
Pluk. t. 60. f. 2 (good) ; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 156. f. 2.

SUBTRIBE IL—CASSIEEK. DC.

Stamens distinct, or very rarely monadelphous at the base, (and then the corolla,
although irregular, is not papilionaceous).

LXXV. GUILANDINA. Juss.; Gaertn. fr. 2. t. 148; Lam. ill. t. 936.

Sepals 5, nearly equal, combined at the base into a short urceolate tube.
Petals 5, sessile, nearly equal. Stamens 10, distinct: filaments villous at the
base. Style short. Legume ovate, ventricose-compressed, 2-valved, 1-2-
seeded, covered with straight prickles. Seeds bony, shining, nearly globose.
—Trees or shrubs, with hooked prickles on the stem and petioles. Leaves
abruptly bipinnated. Flowers spicately racemose. Bracteas elongated.

(867. (1) G. Bonduc (Linn.:) leaflets oval or ovate, more or less pubes-
cent, 3-8 pair, with 1-2 small recurved prickles between them on the under
side.— Linn. sp. p. 545; DC. prod. 2. p. 480; Spr. syst. 2. p. 327; Wall.?
L. n. 5806 ; Wight! cat. n. 615.—G. Bonduccella, Linn.! l. c.; Wall.! L.
n. 5803; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 641.—Guilandina, n. 156, Linn.! in
herb. Herm! ; fl. Zeyl.— Cresalpinia Bonduccella, Flem. in As. res. 11. p. 1595
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 357.—Pluk. t. 2. f. 2; Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 22; Rumph. Amb.
5. t. 48. and 49. f. 1.

- It might be thought preferable to adopt the name Bonduccella, as it was of
that form only that Linnseus had seen specimens, Bonduc having been taken
up from Plukenet's figure ; but the two being identical, not even varieties,
"we have preferred that which is simpler and not a derivative of the other.

LXXVI. CASSALPINIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 335 ; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 144.

Sepals 5, unequal, combined at the base into a somewhat persistent cup»
the lower one the larger and slightly vaulted. Petals 5, unequal, unguicu-
late ; the upper one shorter than the others. Stamens 10, distinct: filaments
villous and ascending at the base: anthers all fertile. Style filiform. Le-
gume unarmed, compressed, 2-valved, wingless. Seeds roundish, oval, or
oblong, compressed.—Trees or shrubs, prickly or unarmed. Leaves abruptly
bipinnated. Flowers yellow, racemose or panicled.

868. (1) C.? axillaris (DC.:) arboreous: branches and petioles armed
with short recurved prickles : leaves simply ? pinnated : leaflets ovate, acute;
flowers axillary and somewhat solitary: legumes obliquely oval, cuspide»
tapering at the base, villous, 1-seeded.— DC. prod. 2. p. 491. uilandina
axillaris, Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 435; Spr. syst. 2. p. 527.—Rheed. Mal. 6.
t. 20.——In thick woods, near the mountains, in the provinces of Candanata,
Cottate, and elsewhere ; Rheede. EOS

_ This plant is unknown except by Rheede's figure; and as in compound-
pinnated leaves, he is not to be relied on with regard to the position or num-
ber of the pinnsze, so we may be allowed to doubt his accuracy in having T€ —
presented them simply and unequally pinnated. Perhaps there is more t
one mistake in the figure, for the shape and size of the leaflets are 50 p

CSALPINIA. LEGUMINOS&. 281

cisely those of our Mezoneurum cucullatum, that we are much disposed to
ame if they do not belong to that plant, and the legumes to something dif-
erent.

869. (2) C. paniculata (Roxb.:) scandent: branches and petioles armed
with numerous sharp recurved prickles: leaves bipinnated ; pine 3-4 pair ;
leaflets 3-4 pair, ovate-lanceolate, somewhat coriaceous, glabrous, shining on
the upper side, usually rusty-coloured beneath: flowers in terminal panicles ;
pedicels about equal to or longer than the flower: calyx glabrous: legume
obliquely oval, cuspidate, shortly tapering at the base into a kind of short
stalk, compressed, a little tumid in the middle, glabrous: seed solitary,
roundish, very thick but a little compressed.— Rob. hort. Bengh. p. 82 ; fl.
Ind. 2. p. 364; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1553; DC. prod. 2. p. 481; Wight!
cat. n. 618.—Ceesalpinia, n. 157, Linn! in herb. Herm.; fl. Zeyl.—C. scan-
dens, Koen.; herb. Madr.! ; Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 209 ; DC. 1. c. p. 482;
Wall.! L. n. 5829.—Guilandina paniculata, Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 435 ; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 827.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 19. Malabar. Travancore.

This is n. 157 of the flora Zeylanica, a plant which appears to have puzzled
Linneeus very much: in the first edition of the Sp. pl. p. 380, it is, along
with Pluk. t. 2. f. 2, referred to C. crista ; but in the second edition (p. 545),
the synonym of Plukenet is transferred to Guilandina Bondue, while that of
the fl. Zeyl. is entirely omitted : in Linneeus’ own copy, however, of the Sp.
pl, a mst. note has been made, wherein he unites the fl. Zeyl. synonym also
to G. Bonduc, and this has been likewise done by Willdenow. The speci-
men in Hermann's herbarium is without fruit.—Roth's description is accurate,
except where he appears to have been deceived by the often rusty colour of
the under side of the leaflets, and has described them pubescent.

870. (3) D. Sappan (Linn.:)"arboreous, armed: pinne of the leaves 10-12
pair; leaflets 10-12 pair, unequal sided, obliquely oval-oblong, emarginate,
paler and minutely dotted on the under side: flowers in terminal panicles :
calyx glabrous: legumes compressed, woody, glabrous, elliptic-obovate,
obliquely truncated, cuspidate at the apex, 3-4-seeded.— Linn. sp. p. 544 ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 482 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 9344; Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 16 : fl. Ind. 2.
p.957; Wall! L. n. 5838; Wight! cat. n. 619, 620.— Cresalpinia, n. 158,

Linn.! in herb. Herm.! (without fruit) ; fl. Zeyl.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 2.

871. (4) C. digyna (Rottl.:) scandent, armed with numerous small re-
curved prickles: pinnæ of the leaves 7-10 pair ; leaflets 6-10 pair, linear-
oblong, obtuse, glabrous: stipules subulate: racemes supra-axillary, simple,
somewhat shorter than the leaves: pedicels long slender: legume oblong, ob-
liquely pointed, very protuberant at the seeds, glabrous, 2-3-seeded.—Reottl.!
in nov. act. nat. cur. Berol. 1803, p. 198. t. 3; DC. prod. 2. p. 482; Wall. !
L. n. 5839; Wight! cat. n. 616.—C. oleosperma, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 356.—
Guilandina oleosperma, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 59. — :

here are óccasionally two ovaries in a flower, but this is so very inconstant
and unnatural, that we had almost adopted in preference the much better
name given by Roxburgh. ‘ From the seeds an oil is expressed, in some
parts of the country, which is used to burn in lamps.” —RoxB.

872. (5) C. mimosioides (Lam. :) scandent ; stem and branches armed with
numerous straight prickles ; young parts coloured, armed with prickles and
ndular hairs or bristles: pinne of the leaves 12-30 pair ; leaflets 8-16 pair,
lear-oblong, obtuse, glabrous: common petiole armed with usually 3

_ prickles at the insertion of each pair of pinnse, two of them on the under
Side recurved, one on the upper bent upwards: sti] ules ensiform: racemes
simple, leaf-opposed and terminal: legumes short, obliquely truncated, cus-
idate, about a half longer than the breadth at the top, turgid, somewhat
iy; $-aobded.-— Lom. enc. meth. 1: p. 487 5. W k 995. f. 2; DC. prod. 2.

P. 482 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 344; Wight ! cat. n. 614.—C. Simora, Ham. in Roxb.

3

282 LEGUMINOS JE. POINCIANA.

fi. Ind. 2. p. 359.—C. horrida, herb. Madr. ! ; Wall.! L. n. 5836.—C. armata,
Graham ! in Wall.! L. n. 5840.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 8.——Mysore. Malabar.

873. (6) C. sepiaria (Roxb. :) scandent: branches and petioles armed with
short strong sharp recurved prickles: pinnæ of the leaves 6-10 pair; leaflets
8-12 pair, linear-oblong, obtuse, when young slightly villous, afterwards
more glabrous: petioles pubescent : stipules broad, semi-sagittate: racemes
axillary, solitary: calyx coloured, the segments soon reflexed: legumes li-
near-oblong, glabrous, with a long cuspidate point, 4-8-seeded.— Rob. ff.
Ind. 2. p. 360; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1240; Wall.! L. n. 5834 ; Wight! cat.
n. 617.—Reichardia? decapetala, Roth, nov. sp. p. 212 (descr. bad); DC.
prod 2. p. 484; Spr. syst. 2. p. 832. Mysore. Cunnawady.

LXXVII. POINCIANA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 833 ; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 150.

Sepals 5, equal or unequal, united below into a cup-shaped somewhat per-
sistent base. Petals 5, stipitate ; the upper one shaped differently from the
others. Stamens 10, distinct, much longér than the petals, all fertile: fila-
ments ascending and hairy at the base. Style very long. Legume unarmed,
flat-compressed, wingless, 2-valved, several-seeded, intercepted internally be-
tween the seeds. Seeds obovate, compressed. Cotyledons flat.—Shrubs or
trees, prickly or unarmed. Leaves abruptly bipinnated. Flowers large and
very elegant, corymbosely panicled.

. We only retain this genus in deference to other botanists, but we know of no cer-
tain character to distinguish it from the last, except the greater length of the sta-
mens and style; formerly it was characterised by havin mbriated petals, but P.
Gilliesii has them only slightly so, and in P. insignis, H. B. K., and P. compressa,
Mog. and Sesse, they are quite entire. Mr G. Don, in Mill. dict. 2. p. 433, refers to
this genus Cesalp. inermis of Roxburgh (f. Ind. 2. p. 366), and describes it with
fimbriated petals. Perhaps this genus might be retained for P. elata alone, on ac
count of its great difference in the calyx from all the others.

874. (1) P. pulcherrima (Linn.:) shrubby, armed : leaflets obovate-oblong,
retuse or emarginate: flower-buds obovate, obtuse: calyx glabrous on both
sides ; sepals obtuse, unequal, the lower one vaulted ; sestivation imbricative:
petals fringed, on long claws: ovary glabrous—Linn.! sp. p. 554 ; DC. prod.
2. p. 484; Wall.! L. n. 5913: Wight ! cat. n. 621.—Ceesalpinia pulcherrima,
Swartz, obs. p. 165; Spr. syst. 2. p. 544.— Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 1.

875. (2) P. elata (Linn.:) arboreous, unarmed: leaflets linear, obtuse:
flower-buds obovate-oblong, acute : calyx more or less pubescent or shortly
villous, particularly on the inside ; sepals coriaceous, equal, lanceolate, acute;
sestivation valvular!: petals fringed ; ovary villous.— Linn. sp. p. 554 ; D C.
prod. 2. p. 484; Wall.! L.n. 5812; Wight! cat. n. 622, 623.—Csesalpinia
elata, Swartz, obs. p. 166.—Coromandel and Malabar. j

We are not aware that any botanist has noticed the valvular sestivation of
the calyx; but this merely arises from its coriaceous nature, and being des-
titute of the thin and almost membranous overlapping margins of the other
species. The petals are decidedly imbricated as in the tribe.

LXXVIII. MEZONEURUM. Desf.

Sepals unequal, combined below into a cup-shaped somewhat persistent
base ; lower one the longest, and sometimes vaulted. Petals 5, unguiculate,
unequal. Stamens 10, distinct, villous towards the base. Style curved.
Legume unarmed, somewhat foliaceous, compressed, ovate-oblong, indehis-
cent, 1-celled, few-seeded, with a broad foliaceous margin or wing along the
seminiferous suture.—Trees or shrubs, more or less armed. Leaves abruptly
bipinnated. Petioles prickly. Flowers racemose or panicled.

PTEROLOBIUM. LEGUMINOSÆ. 283

To this genus also belongs Cesalpinia minapipas; Roxb. (in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1425), C. Suma , Roxb. (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1423), C. hymenocarpa, Wall. L. n.
5832, and probably some others in Wallich's List.

876. (1) M. cucullatum (W. & A.:) scandent, armed, very glabrous: pinnæ
of the leaves 3-7 pair; leaflets 4-5 pair, ovate, pointed, coriaceous, shining
on the upper side: panicles terminal and axillary, composed of a few simple
rigid racemes: lower sepal much longer than the others: upper petal deeply
2-lobed, vaulted and much incurved : legume linear-oblong, thin, 1—2-seeded.
—MWight ! cat. n. 612.—Ceesalpinia cucullata, Roxb.! fl. Ind. 2. p. 358 ; Wall.!
L. n. 5828 ; G. Don in Mill. dict. 2. p. 491. ‘Travancore.

The leaflets are from one to three inches long: we therefore suspect it to be
also C. grandis, Wall. L. n. 5830, the more as Dr Wight sent specimens of this
Mezeneurum to Dr Wallich, which must be either those referred to under C.
grandis, or are not noticed in his list; but we have not seen that number.
Of n. 5828, we have examined a and e; the latter agrees better with Rox-
burgh’s detailed description than his own (very imperfect) specimen does.

LXXIX. PTEROLOBIUM. R. Br.—Reichardia, Roth, nov. sp.

Calyx-tube short, cup-shaped, fleshy, persistent : limb 5-partite, deciduous,
petaloid, about the length of the corolla; lower segment somewhat vaulted.
Petals 5, unguiculate, unequal. Stamens 10, distinct, ascending: filaments
bearded below the middle. Ovary sessile, glabrous, 1-ovuled. Style as-
cending, glabrous, keeled at the base along the upper margin. Stigma di-
lated, covered with a few very short erect hairs. Legume sessile, 1-celled,
samaroid, ending obliquely on the upper side in an oblong membranous
striated wing. Seed solitary, attached to the apex of the cell.—Trees or
large scandent shrubs, copiously armed with strong sharp hooked prickles.
Leaves bipinnated. Flowers racemose.

insti is genus i i 's Travels to Abyssini
Monti de Bence (Mimosa 3 R xi ru we x eTa ), and Camssipials
lacerans of Roxburgh: we regret that as at present we have not access to that work,
we have been obliged to draw up our generic character from the Indian plant alone;
nor do we know how far they are distinct. ;

877. (1) P. Jacerans (Brown :) shrubby, scandent: pinne 4-8 pair; leaflets

pair, oval, obtuse or emarginate: petioles with usually two recurved
prickles on the under side between each pair of pinne, and one incurved one
on the upper: racemes lax, in the axils of the upper leaves only ; pedicels
slender.—Wall.! L. n. 5841; Wight! cat. n. 635,—Cesalpinia lacerans,
Roxb. ft. Ind. 2. p. 367.—C. ligulata, herb. Madr.!; Rottl.! ; Heyne.—Reichar-
dia hexapetala, Roth, nov. sp. p. 210 (descr. bad); DC. prod. 2. p. 4845 Spr.
syst. 2. p. 832. ——Hills of Narthamala, Pathacottah, Vendalore, &c. Cir-
cars, common ; Roxburgh.

LXXX. PARKINSONIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 336.

Sepals 5, equal, recurved, shortly united at the base. Petals 5, ovate, flat ;
upper one roundish and long-clawed. Stamens 10, distinct, declinate, a lit-
tle longer than the claw of the upper petal. Style filiform, somewhat as-
cending. Legume linear-oblong, acuminated at both ends, torulose at the
seeds and compressed between them. Seeds oblong: the testa tumid : hilum
linear: cotyledons oblong: radicle ovate.—4A thorny shrub ; thorns solitary
or in threes, straight. Leaves pinnated: petiole linear, very long, winged :
leaflets small, obovate-oblong, often deciduous or quite abortive. Racemes
lax. Flowers yellow.

284 LEGUMINOS X. , JoNESIA.

*878. (1) P. aculeata (Linn.)— DC. prod. 2. p. 486 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 435;
Wight ! cat. n. 613.

LXXXI. HARDWICKIA. Roxb.

Sepals 4-5, ovate, concave, equal, spreading, scarcely cohering together at
the base. Corolla none. Stamens 8-10, distinct, inserted into the bottom of
the calyx, alternately shorter: anthers ovate, apiculate. Style ascending,
short. Stigma large, peltate. Legume lanceolate, 1-celled, 2-valved, open-
ing at the apex. Seed solitary, in the apex of the legume, cuneate, thin and
somewhat membranaccous on the one edge.—Glabrous unarmed trees. Leaves
abruptly pinnated: leaflets 1-3-pair, coriaceous. Stipules small, caducous.
Racemes axillary, panicled.

879. (1) H. binata (Roxb. :) leaflets 1 pair, opposite, obliquely ovate, ob-
tuse, 4—-nerved at the base; the stronger nerve (or midrib) next the inner
margin.— Rob. Cor. 3. t. 209 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 423 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 487; Spr.

syst. 2. p. 357 ; Wall.! L. n. 5808 ; Wight! cat. n. 624.——Guzelhelte pass.
Coromandel mountains ; Roxburgh.

880. (2) H. pinnata (Roxb. :) leaflets 3 pair, alternate, ovate-lanceolate,
acuminated, 1-nerved ; the nerve in the middle-—Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 425;
DC. prod. 2. p. 487 ; Wall.! L. n. 5807. Travancore.

LXXXII. JONESIA. Roxb.—Saraca. Burm.

Calyx coloured, infundibuliform, with 2 roundish ovate opposite bracteoles
at its base: tube long, closed, fleshy ; crowned with a crenulated ring: limb
4-partite, spreading. Petals none. Stamens 3-9, arising from the ring at the
mouth of the calyx: ovary long-stalked ; the stalk below cohering with the
one side of the calyx-tube, free above. Ovules 8-12. Style declinate, fili-
form. Stigma simple. Legume scimitar-shaped, compressed, a little turgid,
4-8-seeded.—Trees or scandent shrubs, unarmed. Leaves abruptly pinnat-
ed. Stipules intra-foliaceous. Racemes somewhat fascicled.

881. (1) J. Asoca (Roxb. :) arboreous : leaflets 4-6 pair, lanceolate: ta-
cemes terminal and axillary, eymose: stamens usually 7.—Roab. in As. m
4. p. 355; fl. Ind. 2... 218; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 935 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 4873
Wall.! L. n. 5822 ; Wight! cat. n. 633.—J. pinnata, Willd. sp. 2. p. 2873 Spr-
syst. 2. p. 167.—Saraca arborescens, Burm. Ind. p. 85. t. 25. f. 2.—8. Indica,
Linn. Mant. p. 98.—Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 59.

LXXXIII. HUMBOLDTIA. Ja; R. Brown.

Calyx bibracteolate : tube turbinate, persistent : limb 4-partite, deciduous,
the upper segment 2-nerved. Petals 5, or (by the suppression of the two lower
ones) 3. Stamens 5, all bearing anthers, distinct, inserted into the throat of
the calyx and opposite to its segments: filaments glabrous, doubled down
during eestivation : anthers versatile. Ovary with several ovules, stalked, the
stalk adnate to the calyx-tube on one side. Style subulate. Stigma capitate.
Legume oblong, compressed.—Shrubs or small trees, unarmed. Leaves ab-
ruptly pinnated : leaflets opposite, under side furnished with a few adp the
glands. - Stipules foliaceous, persistent, peltately-adnate, transversely dilated
into a lobe below the point of attachment, with adpressed glands on the

TAMARINDUS, LEGUMINOSJE. 285

under side, usually folded up (at least in the dried specimen) and resembling
E outer accessory stipule. Racemes axillary ; pedicels subtended by a
ractea.

882. (1) H. Brunonis (Wall.:) branchlets solid, equal: leaflets 2. pair,
cuneate-oblong, with a short obtuse acumination: back-lobe of the stipules
nearly equal-sided, and rounded on both sides: petals 3.— Wall. pl. as. rar.
3. p. 17. t. 233 ; L. n. 2332.—H. tripetala, herb. Heyne. Malabar? ; Heyne.

*883. (2) H. laurifolia (Vahl :) branchlets tumid ; joints fistulose : leaflets
3-5 pair, ovate-oblong, acuminated: back lobe of the stipules longer than
the other and acute: petals 5.—Vahl, symb. 3. p. 106; DC. prod. 2. p. 488 ;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 794; R. Brown in Wall. pl. As. rar. 3. p. 17.—Batschia lauri-
folia, Vahl, l. c. p. 39. t. 56. :

We insert this, although only hitherto found in Ceylon, because it proba-
bly also occurs in the Peninsula.

LXXXIV. TAMARINDUS. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 25.

Calyx tubular at the base: limb bilabiate, reflexed: upper lip 3-partite ;
lower broad, 2-toothed. Petals 3, alternating with the segments of the upper
lip of the calyx ; two of them ovate, the middle one cucullate. Stamens 9-10 ;
7 very short and sterile ; the others (2-8) longer, monadelphous, bearing an-
thers. Style subulate. Legume stalked, linear, more or less curved, slightly
compressed, 1-celled, 3-12-seeded, the sarcocarp pulpy. Seeds compressed,
bluntly 4-angled, obliquely truncated at the hilum.— Trees. Leaves abrupt-
ly pinnated ; leaflets many pair. Flowers racemose.

884. (1) T. Indica (Linn.)—Linn. sp. p. 48 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 488 ; Spr.
syst. 8. p. 158 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 215 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1081; Wall. !
L. n. 5824; Wight! cat. n. 916.—T. occidentalis, Gertn. fr. 2. p. 310. t.
146 ; DC. l. c., p. 489.—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 23 5 Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 23.

Gertner and Roxburgh consider the West Indian species as distinct from
that from the East: the only character, however, lies in the pod, the T.
orientalis having it elongated and 6-12 seeded, the other short and 3—4-
seeded. De Candolle also believes this difference to be constant: but as
both kinds of legumes are found in the Peninsula, we are inclined to regard
them more as varieties from cultivation, than as naturally distinct.

LXXXV. CASSIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 932.
tals 5, more or

Sepals 5, combined at the base, more or less unequal. Pe à
less unequal. Stamens 10, distinct; the 3 upper rarely fertile, usually with
anthers of a different shape from the others and abortive; very rarely only
4-7, and all fertile: anthers dehiscing at the apex by two pores or clefts.
Ovary stalked. Legume terete or compressed, several seeded.— Trees, shrubs,
or herbaceous plants. Leaves simply and abruptly pinnated ; leaflets oppo-

site. Petioles often bearing glands.

$1. fius DO Sepal very obtuse: ` Antherè ovate, WEA Pat oH Le-
gumes terete or compressed, indehiscent, woody, many-celled, with —
verse partitions : the cells 1-seeded, filled with pulp. Seeds elliptical,
somewhat compressed, horizontal (i. e. transverse with respect to the
valves.) —Trees. Flowers large, racemose.

885. (1) C. Fistula (Linn.:) small tree with usually smooth bark : leaflets

286 LEGUMINOS A. Cassia.

about 5- (4-8-) pair, broadly ovate, usually obtuse or retuse, sometimes slight-
ly acuminated, glabrous: petioles without glands: stipules minute: racemes
terminal, long, lax, drooping ; flowers long-pedicelled : legumes cylindrie,
pendulous, glabrous, smooth.—Linn. ! sp. p. 540; DC. prod. 2. p. 490; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 334; Lam. ill. t. 332; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 147; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p.
333; Wall! L. n. 5302; Wight! cat. n. 643.—C. rhombifolia, Roxb. ? l c.
p. 934.
A common and very widely distributed plant in India.

886. (2) C. Rowburghii (DC. :) arboreous with deeply cracked bark:
branches spreading much ; young shoots with the petioles and peduncles pu-
bescent: leaflets 10-20 pair, oblong, unequal-sided, obtuse or somewhat
emarginate and mucronate at the apex, pubescent beneath ; margins coloured
and slightly thickened: petioles without glands: stipules semisagittate: ra-
cemes axillary, solitary, much shorter than the leaves : legumes cylindric, very
long, pendulous, glabrous, torose.—2 C. prod. 2. p. 489; Wall.! L. n. 5308;
Wight! cat. n. 642.—C. marginata, Roxb. (not Willd.) fl. Ind. 2. p. 338.——
Gingie hills. ~

Of rare occurrence in the wild state, but, from its great beauty, now com-
mon in gardens in the Peninsula. It is nearly allied to C. Javanica, with
which it appears to have been frequently confounded, but is, we believe;
quite distinct.

§ 2. Chameefistula, DC.—Sepals very obtuse. Anthers with 2 pores. Legumes
terete or compressed, scarcely dehiscent, wingless, somewhat membrana-
ceous, many-celled with transverse partitions ; cells 1-seeded, with a little
or no pulp. Seeds elliptical, somewhat compressed, horizontal — Trees or
shrubs. Flowers racemose or panicled.

887. (3) C. tomentosa (Linn.:) a large shrub, with terete tomentose diffuse
branches: leaflets 6-8 pair, usually with a gland between each pair, linear-
oblong, mucronate, rounded and a little unequal at the base ; upper side pu-
bescent ; under tomentose: racemes in the upper axils as long as or ay in
than the leaves, several-flowered, forming a leafy corymbiform panicle: le-
gumes long, linear, compressed, mucronate, tomentose : seeds somewhat re-
niform, horizontal.— Linn. ! suppl. p. 231; DC. prod. 2. p. 496 ; Spr. syst. "
p. 338 ; Wight! cat. n. 647 —OC. Wightiana, Graham ! in Wall.! L.n. 5329.—
C. multiglandulosa, Jacq. ic. rar. 1. t. 72. Neelgherries. :

C. tomentosa of Wallich’s List is a very different plant.—Our specimens
agree so very precisely with that of the Linnæan herbarium, from America,
as well as with the descriptions in the suppl. Plant., Lamarck, Kunth, &c.
that we have no doubt about the identity of the species. The Indian plant,
however, appears to be also in a truly wild state; and, as a proof of this, 1t
may be mentioned that it bears a native name, Malay-awvarday, in the bs
mul language.—Kunth is right, but De Candolle wrong, as to the section to
which it belongs.

*888. (4) C. bicapsularis (Linn. :) shrubby, with long weak slender terete
smooth flexuose and somewhat scandent branches: leaflets 3-4 pair, glabrous,
unequal at the base, obovate, obtuse, lowest pair roundish with an erect-s :
globose gland between them: stipules small, subulate, reflexed, emit :
racemes axillary, as long as the leaves: legume large, torulose, divided e
gitudinally by a long partition into two large cells, that are subdivided in
smaller ones by transverse partitions between each seed: seeds prd
small.— Linn. sp. p. 538 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 494 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 340 ; were :
n. 8513; Wight ! cat. n. 646.—C. sennoides, Jacq. ic. rar. 1. t. 170; DC.l. 0-5
Spr. l. c.—Senna bicapsularis, Rowb.! fl. Ind. 2. p. 342. i ative

Frain Roxburgh and Dr Wallich in considering this a doubtful n
of India.

Cassia. LEGUMINOS&. 287

889. (5) C. Sophera (Linn.:) annual, erect, branched, glabrous: leaflets
6-12 pair, lanceolate or oblong-lanceolate, acute, with a single clavate obtuse
gland near the base of the petiole: racemes terminal, or axillary and few-
flowered : upper petal retuse ; lowest anther small and sterile: legumes long,
linear, turgid, when immature and dried compressed, glabrous, many-seed-
ed; sutures keeled: seeds horizontal, with cellular partitions between them.
— Linn. sp. p. 542; DC. prod. 2. p. 492; Spr. syst. 2. p. 335 ; Wall.! L. n.
5317. a-d, h, i, n, 0 ; Wight! cat. n. 644, 659.—C. esculenta, Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 96.—C. purpurea, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 637 ; DC. l. c. p. 497 ;
Spr. suppl. p.167.—C. torosa, Cav.; DC. l. c. p. 491 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 335.—C.
torulosa, Poir.—C. Indica, Poir.—C. Coromandeliana, Jacq. fr. 67. t. 100 ;
DC. l. c. p. 492; Spr. l. c.—C. sopheroides, Collad.; DC. I. c. p. 506.— Cassia
n. 150, Linn.! in herb. Herm. (without fruit) ; fl. Zeyl.—Senna Sophora, Roxb.
fl. Ind. 2. p. 941.—8. purpurea, Roxb. l. c. p. 342.—S. esculenta, Roxb. l. €. p.
346.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 98; Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 52 ; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 97. f. 1.

The legumes, when unripe and dried, appear quite flat, but when ripe and
fresh are turgid and almost cylindrical: from not attending to which, this
species has been split into.a great many. In its general appearance it much
resembles C. occidentalis, but is readily distinguished by the position of the
seeds: in C. Sophera the sutures are shortly keeled, so that when dried and
compressed they slope towards the extreme edge; in C. occidentalis, from
their being tumid, the legume in the same circumstances appears bordered
with a thickened narrow rim. The Linnean specimen of C. Sophera, which
appears to have been received long after the species was established (in the
fl. Zeyl. and Sp. pl.) from Hermann's herbarium, differs considerably from the
figures quoted, and also from our own specimens: it is not marked from
whence it was received.

$3. Herpetica, DC.—Sepals obtuse. Anthers 2-pored. Legumes membrana-
ceous, dehiscent, many-celled with transverse dissepiments ; cells 1-seeded,
somewhat pulpy ; valves furnished with a longitudinal broad foliaceous
wing along their middle. Seeds numerous, horizontal, compressed.—Shrub-
by or herbaceous. Flowers racemose, with a large concave deciduous brac-
tea at the base of each pedicel.

*890. (6) C. alata (Linn. :) shrubby ; branches spreading, irregularly an-
gled, glabrous: leaflets 8-14 pair, obovate-oblong, very obtuse, mucronate,
glabrous or nearly so on both sides, the lowest pair close to the branch and
ata distance from the next pair: petiole triangular, and the rachis without
glands : stipules lanceolate, pointed, rigid, persistent: racemes terminal ; le-
gumes long, enlarged on each side with a broad crenulated wing.—Linn. !
8p. p. 541; DC. prod. 2. p. 492 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 336 ; Roab. in E. I. C. ge
tab. 43; Wall.! L.n. 5301; Wight! cat. n. 648.—C. bracteata, Linn. f.!
suppl. p. 232; DC. l. c. ; Spr. l. c.—C. herpetica, Jacq. obs. 2. t. 45. f. 2.—
Senna alata, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 349.—Rumph. Amb. 7. t. 18.

We have examined the specimens of Linnzus, both father and son: that
of the father consisted of a legume only, and of some leaves which he thought
a different species: that of the son, of a raceme and leaf; and this not being
sufficient to enable him to recognise it as the same with his father's, he
named it C. bractedta, with reference to the large bracteas. The pubescence
on the under side of the leaflets appears of little consequence; m, the Indian
state of it, however, they are usually quite glabrous. It is certainly not in-

nous. c

§ 4. Senna, DC.—Sepals obtuse. Anthers 2-pored. Legumes membranaceous,
broad, flat-compressed, with thin edges, scarcely dehiscent, several-celled

* :
288 LEGUMINOS&. Cassia. -

with transverse partitions, protuberant at the seeds, scarcely pulpy within.
Seeds compressed, vertical (i. e. the flat side parallel with the valves of the
legume), almost obcordate, much shorter than the breadth of the legume.—
Flowers in axillary racemes or terminal panicles.

891. (7) C. obtusa (Roxb.:) perennial, herbaceous, diffuse, procumbent,

branches glabrous: leaflets 4—6 pair, obtuse, mucronate, unequal at the base,
glabrous: petioles and rachis without glands: stipules lanceolate-subulate,
tapering, spreading, persistent : racemes axillary, few-flowered, much short-
er than the leaves: pedicels without bracteas, legumes lunate, broad, thin,
obtuse; valves protuberant and slightly angled but scarcely crested at the
seeds.— Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 31; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1418 ; Wight! cat. n.
655.—C. Senna, herb. Linn.! (from Koenig).—C. obovata, Wall.! L. n. 5319.
—Senna obtusa, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 344.—--Not unfrequent in pastures. —
_ The Egyptian C. Senna (C. obovata, Coll.), of which there is a specimen in
the Linnzan herbarium, is so very closely allied that we have some doubts
of its being really distinct: it is, however, a diffuse shrubby plant ; the ra-
cemes bear a considerable number of flowers, they are as long as the leaves,
and when in fruit even longer than them, and the legumes are always, so far
as we have seen, furnished with a little wing or crest on the valves at the
protuberances caused by the seeds. To C. obovata, Collad., belongs C. Sen-
na, «, Burm. Ind. p. 96. t. 33. f. 2, C. Senna of Swartz (now naturalized and
very abundant near the sea-beach at Port-Royal in Jamaica), and C. Portu-
regalis of Bancroft.

892. (8) C. lanceolata (Forsk.:) suffruticose, erect, glabrous: leaflets 4-8
pair, lanceolate, acute, nearly equal-sided : petioles and rachis without
glands: stipules minute, acute, spreading or deflexed: racemes axillary,
long-peduncled, many-flowered ; pedicels without bracteas: legumes flat,
.. oblong-linear, broad, slightly lunate, obtuse, very slightly tumid at the seeds.
—2DC. prod. 2. p. 492; Spr. syst. 2. p. 839; Lam. ill. t. 332. f. 2. c, and
f 8. a; Wall.! L. n. 5318; Wight! cat. n. 654.—C. orientalis, Pers.—C.

rj x Delile, fl. d' Eg. t. 27. f.1.—Senna officinalis, Gertn.; Roxb. ft. Ind.

Perhaps only a naturalized plant, but Roxburgh states it to be a native of
the interior of India.

§ 5. Chameesenna, DC.—Sepals obtuse. Anthers 2-pored. Legumes more or
less compressed, rarely somewhat cylindrical, with the sutures tumid, many-
celled with complete or incomplete partitions, without pulp. Seeds vertical,
ovate or 4-cornered, about as long as the breadth of the legume : podosperms
shorter than the seed.—Flowers usually racemose.

+ Shrubby or arboreous.

a. Petioles and rachis without glands: legumes straight, many-seeded, compressed, taper-
ing to a spear-shaped point: valves when ripe somewhat woody.

7893. (9) C. florida (Vahl:) arboreous: leaflets 4-14 pair, elliptic, obtuse

at both ends, somewhat emarginate, with a bristle-point, glabrous, shinmng: — |

petiole and rachis without glands: stipules minute, subulate, caducous : pa-
nicles terminating every branch, very large, many-flowered ; peduncles dense-
ly pubescent: flowers long-pedicelled, corymbose toward the ends of the pe-
duncles ; pedicels subtended by an oblong-lanceolate concave long-point
tea: upper petal obcordate: legumes long, drooping, then straight, at-
tenuated at both ends, pubescent ; sutures callous, thickened.—Vahl, symb. 3.
p.97; herb. Madr.! ; DC. prod. 2. p. 499 ; Spr. syst. p. 831; Wight ! cat. n.
650.—C. Sumatrana, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 31; in E.

*

I. C. mus. tab. 1421;

Cuesta. LEGUMINOSAE. 289

DC. prod. 2. p. 506 ; Wall.! L. n. 5305.—8enna Sumatrana, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2.
p. 347.

A small but beautiful tree, particularly when in flower, every branch of it
terminating in a large panicle of deep yellow blossoms. Our specimens were
principally taken from a tree, perhaps introduced, growing at Negapatam ;
but we have it also from the missionaries, who appear to have found it wild
in Tranquebar.

894. (10) C. montana (Heyne:) shrubby: branches glabrous, ascending:
leaflets 10-12 pair, oval-oblong, obtuse at both ends, sometimes slightly
emarginate, pointed with a deciduous bristle, glabrous on both sides, slightly
glaucous on the under: petiole and rachis without glands: stipules minute,
subulate: peduncles glabrous, many-flowered, numerous towards the ends of
the branches, axillary or forming a large terminal panicle: flowers long-pedi-
celled, rather small: legumes linear, straight, thin, glabrous and shining, when
ripe hard woody and terminating in a hard conical or lanceolate point.—
Heyne ! in Roth, nov. sp. p. 214 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 499 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 336 ;
Wight! cat. n. 645, 651.—C. setigera, DC. l.c. ; Wall. ! L. n. 5330. —
Neelgherries. Columala.

The three upper stamens are very short, which has led Roth to overlook
them entirely, as he does the deciduous bristle that terminates the lcaflets.

b. Petioles or rachis furnished with glands : legumes straight, compressed, ma y-seeded,
mucronate, the point somewhat deciduous ; valves thin and papery.

895. (11) C. glauca (Lam. :) arboreous: branches numerous, spreading in
every direction; young ones irregularly angled, almost glabrous: leaflets
4-6 pair, with an erect clavate gland between each of the 2-3 lower pair,
oval, broadest at or below the middle, the upper ones the largest; upper
side glabrous, under glaucous and slightly pubescent : stipules linear-subu-
late, falcate : racemes axillary, corymbiform, long-peduncled, erect, crowded
near the ends of the branches, about half the length of the leaves: flowers
large, long-pedicelled, the pedicels subtended by an ovate acuminated cadu-
cous braetea : petals all nearly equal: anthers all fertile, equally long, the two
lower on rather longer filaments than the others: legumes drooping, linear,
straight, thin, glabrous, the margin a little tumid.—ZLam. enc. meth. 1. p. 647 ;
DC. prod. 2. p. 495 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 338; Wall.! L.n.5312; Wight! cat. n.
653.—C. Surattensis, Burm. Ind. p. 97.—C. arborescens, Vah! (not Mill.)
symb. 3. p. 56; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1420.—C. sulphurea, DC. 1. c. 5
Spr. 1. c. p. 334.—C. enneaphylla, Koen.—C. planisiliqua, Burm. l. c. p. 98 (as
to the leaves).—Senna arborescens, Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 345.—Robinia Javanica,
Burm.? Ind. p. 163.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 9, 105 Rumph. Amb. 40.287 —

896. (12) C. suffruticosa (Koen.:) arborescent ; branches numerous, as
cending ; the extreme ones and young shoots slightly pubescent: leaflets
7-10 pair, with an erect clavate gland between the 2-3 lower pair, obovate-
oblong, unequal and narrowest at the base, broader upwards, the extreme
ones the longest ; upperside glabrous, under glaucous and slightly pubescent :
Stipules linear-subulate, faleate: racemes axillary, corymbiform, long-pe-
duncled, approximated at the ends of the branches, shorter than the leaves:
flowers large, long-pedicelled, the pedicels subtended by an oblong-lanceo-

€ acuminated bractea: petals unequal, the two lower smaller than the up-

r three: anthers all fertile, about equally long, the.
onger filaments: legumes drooping, linear, straight, thin, glabrous; margin
slightly tumid.—Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 213; DC. prod. 2. p. 496 ; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 337; Wall.! L. n. 5311 ; Wight! cat. n. 652.—C. speciosa, Rowb.!
in E. I. C. mus, tab. 1061.—Senna speciosa, Roxb. ff. Ind. 2. p. 347.. :

Ne eus is found only in gardens ; we have it also from St Vincent's :
X scarcely differs from the last except in the rather smaller, narrower and
, T

290 LEGUMINOS X. CASSIA.

more numerous leaflets, and the decided inequality of the petals: may these
differences arise from cultivation ?

+897. (13) C. fastigiata (Vahl:) branches somewhat angled, glabrous:
leaflets 8-9 pair, with a stalked gland between each pair, oblong-obtuse,
slightly emarginate, minutely mucronate, glabrous, glaucous on the under

. side: peduncles angled, pubescent, approximated in the upper axils: flowers

crowded towards the extremity of the peduncles; pedicels subtended by a
lanceolate bractea: sepals densely pubescent.—Vahl, symb. 3. p. 57; DC.
prod. 2, p. 496; Spr. syst. 2. p. 337.

We suspect that the glands may not have been so numerous as Vahl de-
scribes, and that this species is the same with C. suffruticosa, a species which
was well known to Koenig, from whom Vahl received his specimens of C.
Sastigiata.

898. (14) C. auriculata (Linn. :) shrubby, erect: young branches, petioles
and peduncles pubescent: leaflets 8-12 pair, with a subulate gland between
each pair, oval, obtuse or retuse, mucronate ; upper side glabrous, under
slightly pubescent: stipules large, obliquely cordate, acute: racemes axil-
lary, nearly as long as the leaves, many-flowered, approximated towards the
ends of the branches ; pedicels compressed: bracteas cordate-ovate, acumi-
nated: sepals slightly hairy: legumes compressed, straight—Linn.! sp.
p. 542; DC. prod. 2. p. 496 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 337 ; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
638; Wall.! L. n. 5303 ; Wight ! cat. n. 649.— Cassia, n. 151, Linn.! fl. Zeyl.
— Senna auriculata, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 349.— Pluk. t. 314. f. 4.

A very common and handsome shrub, the bark of which is much used by
the natives all over India for tanning leather.

+ + Annual and herbaceous: petioles or rachis with one or more glands: legumes
long, linear, tumid or 4-angled, pointed.

899. (15) C. occidentalis (Linn.:) annual, erect, branched, glabrous:
leaflets pair, without glands between them, ovate-lanceolate, very acute;
glabrous on both sides: petiole with a large sessile obtuse gland near its tu-
mid base: flowers longish pedicelled, upper ones forming a terminal raceme,
lower ones 3-5 together on a very short axillary peduncle: lowest anther
small and sterile: legumes long, when immature and dry compressed and sur-
rounded with a tumid border, when ripe nearly cylindric or slightly com-
pressed.—Linn.! sp. p. 589; DC. prod. 2. p. 497: Spr. syst. 2. p. 338;
Wight! cat. n. 658,—C. Sophera, Wall.! L. n. 5317. e, g, k, I, p-—C. fætida,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1419.—Senna occidentalis, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p- 343.

This is as much a native of the East as of the West Indies: it is found I
almost every soil, but is particularly frequent in the neighbourhood of towns
and villages among rubbish. The leaves when bruised exhale a very heavy
disagreeable odour. In general habit, and in the structure of the leaves, the
gites and the stamens, this is so nearly allied to C. Sophera, that =

raham and Dr Wallich have united the two : the best mark lies in the posi-
tion of the seeds. When the legumes are compressed, in which state they
usually, if not always, appear in herbaria, this species has a narrow eleva!
rim surrounding them, which is not found in C. Sophera.

900. (16) C. Tora (Linn.:) annual, with spreading branches: leaflets 3
(or rarely 2) pair, with a cylindric gland between the 1-2 lower pair, bu
without any between the uppermost, cuneate-obovate, obtuse, glabrous, or
pubescent on the under side : stipules subulate, nearly half the length of the
petiole, deciduous : flowers long-pedicelled, upper ones forming a $ rt ter-
minal raceme, lower ones 1-2 together on a short axillary peduncle : upper
petal obcordate: seven lower anthers about equal and fertile: legumes eA
long, sharp pointed, 4-sided, many-seeded ; each suture 2-grooved.— 1
L. n. 5816; Wight! cat. n. 657-—C. obtusifolia, Burm. Ind. p. 95 hec
syn.)— C. foetida, Sal. prod. p. 326.—C. Gallinaria, Collad. monogr. cass. P» **

Gani? LEGUMINOSA. 291

— Cassia, n. 152, Linn.! fl. Zeyl—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 97. f. 2.—a; diffuse,
1-2 feet high, two lower pair of leaflets each with a gland between them.—
Linn.! sp. p. 588; DC. L c. p. 493; Spr. l. c. p. 339.—Senna Tora, Roxb: fl.
Ind. 2. p. 340 ; Dill. Elth. t. 63. f. 13.—8 ; stout, erect, 3-6 feet high ; lower
pair of leaflets only with a gland between them.—C. Tagera, Lam. enc. meth.
1. p. 643 (not Linn.) ; DC. l. c. p. 494; Spr. syst. 2. p. 340.—C. toroides,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1417.—Senna toroides, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 341.—
Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 53.

The figure in the Hort. Mal. is undoubtedly an accidental state of this
plant, and hence we have referred above to C. Tagera of Lamarck, a species
founded upon it. Lamarck doubts if the Linnean plant be the same, and
De Candolle and Colladon arrange it next the other under the name of C.
ciliaris. It is, however, very distinct. *

§ 6. Absus, DC.—Sepals a little obtuse or slightly acute. Petals nearly equal.
Stamens 5-10, about equal, all fertile! Anthers with two clefts at the
apex. Legumes flat-compressed, 1-celled or with imperfect partitions,
dry, without pulp, few-seeded. Seeds vertical, ovate, compressed : podo-
sperm short, scale-like-—Biennial or suffrutescent plants. Leaflets 2 pair.
Upper flowers forming a short terminal raceme, the lower ones sometimes
axillary and solitary. Pedicels minutely bracteolate about the middle.

901. (17) C. Absus (Linn. :) biennial, all over clammy except the leaves :
branches diffuse: leaves long-petioled ; leaflets 2 pair, obovate, obtuse,
glabrous, or slightly hairy on the under side: lower flowers axillary, solitary ;
upper ones forming a short raceme: pedicels short, with a bractea at their
base, and minute bracteoles about the middle: stamens 5, all fertile: legume
nearly straight, obliquely pointed, much compressed, sprinkled with rigid
hairs, few-seeded.—Linn./ sp. p. 537; DC. prod. 2. p. 500; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 340; Wall.! L. n. 5314 ; Wight! cat. n. 656.—C. viscosa, Roxb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 626.— Cassia, n. 153, Linn.! fl. Zeyl.—Senna absus, Roxb. fl. Ind.
2. p. 340.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 975 Pluk. t. 60. f. 1.

$7. Chamseerista, DC.—Sepals acuminated, about equal. Stamens 10, or
from abortion 4-7, all fertile. Anthers oblong, glabrous, 2—pored. Le-
gume erect, linear, flat-compressed, dehiscent, several-seeded, destitute of
pulp. Seeds vertical, compressed ovate or square.— Herbaceous or suffru-
tescent plants. Leaflets imbricated during night. Stipules many-nerved
at the base. Flowers erect, pedicelled, 1-4 together on short somewhat
axillary peduncles, or 1-4 together in the axils without peduncles: pedi-
cels with 2 acute bracteoles. i E

ery

few characters of a permanent nature remain : perhaps these are only to be looked

rin the number and relative size of the stamens, and the shape and position of

glands on the petiole: out of the 40 species, therefore, characterized by Colladon
and De Candolle,

BE.
B
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i
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:

pedicelled pedicels axillary, 2-bracteolate, 1-
longer than the leaves : legumes small, erect, compressed, hairy. No habitat is attached. It is
er, that this belongs to De Candolle's first division of Chamarrista, c called | Bauhinia-

species which are ‘ound America: haps tenella, 5, -
during night (per sommuns imbricantia), as in the specimens they are all

TZ

if
i
;
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i
È
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;

à
£

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$

292 LEGUMINOS A. Cassia.

possible to clear these up with any degree of satisfaction from the imperfect and
often inaccurate descriptions given of the most important points.

- 902. (18) C. Wallichiana (DC. :) suffruticose, branched ; branches long and
nearly simple, diffuse or somewhat erect, old ones nearly glabrous, when
young pubescent or hirsute: leaflets 20-50 pair (or near the root sometimes
only 9-10 pair), with a sessile concave gland below the lowest pair, linear-

. oblong, very unequal sided and approaching to falcate, mucronate, nearly

glabrous; rachis naked or very inconspicuously margined in the young
leaves: stipules lanceolate-subulate from an obliquely cordate base: flowers
supra-axillary, solitary or in pairs; pedicels in fruit 3-4 times longer than -
the petioles: stamens 10, alternately shorter: legume flat, linear, pointed,
14-20-seeded, constricted between the seeds, more or less hairy —DC. prod.
2. p. 505 ; Wall.! L. n. 5320 ; Wight! cat. n. 639.—C. Leschenaultii, Wall.!
L. n. 5325 (not DC.)—C. myriophylla, Wall.! L. n. 5326. à

C. Telfairiana, Wall. L. n. 5224, approaches so very closely that it may
prove to be only a variety ; its habit is no doubt different, but the only spe-
cimens known are cultivated: we unfortunately did not examine, when we
had the opportunity, the structure of its flower, but if a very similar species
which we have from the Mauritius, sent by Mr Telfair to Dr Hooker, be the
same, it may be distinguished by the three lower and the uppermost anthers
being considerably longer than the other and intermediate six.

903. (19) C. angustissima (Lam. :) suffruticose, diffuse, procumbent, often
much branched ; branches pubescent or a little hairy: leaflets 20-60 pair,
with a sessile concave gland below the lowest pair, usually minute, linear-
oblong, unequal sided, mucronate, nearly glabrous or sprinkled with hairs;
rachis of the young leaves furnished on its upper side with a crenated mar-
gin, and a short bristle in each crenature: stipules lanceolate-subulate from
an obliquely cordate base: flowers supra-axillary, 1-2 together ; pedicels m
fruit about one-third of the length of the leaves: stamens 10, alternately
shorter, the uppermost sometimes wanting: legumes flat, linear, mucronate,
15-20-seeded, constricted between the seeds, pubescent.— Lam. enc. meth. 1.

p. 650; DC. prod. 2. p. 505; Spr. syst. 2. p. 343 ; Wight! cat. n. 641.—C.
sensitiva, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 640.—C. amena, Ham. in Wall.! L.
n. 5321.—C. hin, Grah. ! in Wall.! L. n. 5328 (not n. 5308).—Senna
f 39 er. fl. Ind. 2. p. 353.—Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 67. f. 1; Pluk. t. 5.
, If, as we suspect, luxuriant plants are occasionally erect, C. tenella, Roxb.
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1422, (Senna tenella of the fl. Ind.), may be added to
the synonyms ; and we have before us a specimen from Ceylon much more
robust than any from the Peninsula, which tends to a suspicion that c.

angustissima may be only a variety of C. Wallichiana ; in which case the

whole may be united with C. mimusoides of Linneeus! This last is erect
and slender, about 2 feet high, nearly simple, with the stems pubescent ;
leaflets very numerous ; pedicels sick longer than the petioles; legumes
slightly hairy. De Candolle’s plant under the same name, with a stalked
land between the lower pair of leaflets, is very different ; there is nothing |
in either the Linnzean specimen or description to allow of such a character.

904. (20) C. pumila (Lam. :) suffruticose, procumbent: branches à little
hairy : leaflets 12-30 pair, with an erect slender-stalked peltate gland close
to the lowest pair, linear-oblong, unequal sided, mucronate, more Or less.
hairy or pubescent : rachis not margined: stipules lanceolate-subulate : flowers -

supra-axillary, 1-3 together ; pedicels rather short : stamens 5, nearly equal: — 3

legumes flat, linear, 6—7-seeded, pubescent or nearly glabrous, constric
between the seeds—Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 651; DC. prod. 2. p- 0045 P
syst. 2. p. 342; Wall.! L. n. 5827; Wight! cat. n. 636, 638, 640.—C. ee .
trata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 639.—Senna prostrata, Roxb. fl. Iud. rv
p. 352.— Pluk. t. 120. f. 1. EY

Tacan. LEGUMINOSÆ. 293

The peculiar gland and structure of the flower have induced us to unite
these several numbers of Dr Wight’s catalogue, and similar specimens have
been already united by Dr Wallich: but there is as great a diversity of ha-
bit between them as between C. angustissima and C. Wallichiana. N. 638
and 640, and Wallich’s n. 6327. b, d, correspond best with Roxburgh’s draw-
ing and description, and Plukenet’s figure. The leaflets vary from much
less than a line to a line and a half in breadth, and from 2 to 4 lines in
length: the pedicels almost never exceed 3, or at most 4, lines. The Hin-
doos use the seed for their horses.

905. (21) C. Kieinii (W. & A.:) suffruticose, diffuse, procumbent; branches
pubescent: leaflets 3-15 pair, with a stalked peltate small gland below the
lowest pair, linear-oblong, unequal sided and somewhat falcate, mucronate,
slightly pubescent : rachis not margined: stipules subulate: flowers supra-
axillary, 1-2 together ; pedicels a little shorter than the leaves: stamens 10,
alternately shorter: legumes flat or more or less pubescent.—Wight ! cat. n.
637.—C. dimidiata, Klein / (not Ham.); Wall.! L. n. 5328.—Rheed. Mal. 9.
t. 21.——Travancore. `

In the Peninsular specimens, the ovary is glabrous on the sides and villous
on the sutures, and consequently the legume only pubescent on the margin:

but we have before us undoubtedly the same species from Ceylon with the — 1

ovary all over villous. We are much inclined to refer De Candolle's C. mi-

musoides (not of Linn.) here, on the supposition that the term erect was bor- —

rowed from Linnæus, and that it is by an error of the press that the pedicels
are said to be much shorter (instead of longer) than the petiole. This cannot
be C. dimidiata, Don’s prod., or Senna dimidiata of Roxb., in which there is
a flat gland on the petiole, about 30 pair of leaflets, and only 4-5 stamens :
nor is De Candolle correct in referring that plant to C. Wallichiana : it is
however more probable that it and C. Leschenaultiana, DC., are the same.

LXXXVI. CYNOMETRA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 881; Gert. fr. 2. t. 156.

Calyx ebracteolate: tube very short: limb 4-partite, deciduous ; the seg-
ments reflexed, upper one broadish, 2-nerved. Petals 5, oblong, lanceolate,
equal. Stamens 10 or numerouáé, distinct, inserted with the petals into a
short glandular ring lining the calyx-tube. Ovary nearly sessile, about 2-
ovuled. Style erect. Stigma capitate. Legume nearly half-orbicular, thick,
tumid, fleshy, scarcely dehiscent, 1-celled, 1-seeded. Seed filling up the
cavity, attached to the middle of the suture. Embryo straight: cotyledons
thick, roundish-cordate.—Trees. Leaves composed of 2-6 opposite leaflets.
Flowers reddish, springing from the trunk or branches. res

Sub-gen. 1. CxxouETRA.— Segments of the calyx tipped with a tuft of "
hairs. Stamens 10; anthers bifid at the apex." Legume tubercled and
rugged on the outside.—Leaflets only one pair.

906. (1) C. cauliflora (Linn. :) leaflets oblong-lanceolate, acute or slightly
emarginate : erat several, aggregated, springing from tubercles on g
trunk, each bearing a raceme: stamens 10.— Linn. sp. p- 547; DC. qe :
p. 509 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 927 ; Lam. ill. t. 331. f. 25 Wall! L. n. 581¢ il
Qi oes cat. n. 632. a.—Rumph. Amb. 1. i. 62.——Near Madras ; Heyne

907. (2) C. ramiflora (Linn :) peduncles solitary, few-flowered, springing
from the branches among the leaves: stamens 10.—Linn. sp. p. m et
leaflets oblong, acuminated.— DC. prod. 2. p. 5095 Spr. syst. 2. p. Tor
ARumph. Amb. 1. t: 63.— ; leaflets oblong, emarginate.— Wight: cat. n. 692. b.

294 LEGUMINOSAE. Bavuinia

—C. ramiflora, Lam. ill. t. 331. f. 1.—C. cauliflora, Wall.! L. n. 5816. c, d.—
Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 31. Malabar.

Our specimens of both varieties are from Ceylon.

Sub-gen. 2. Pseupocynometra.—Calyx-segments naked at the apex. Sta-
mens very numerous (40-60): anthers didymous, with a broad fleshy con-
nectivum, dehiscing longitudinally along the margins. Legume smooth and
even externally.—Leaflets 2-3 pair. Peduncles short, springing from axillary
buds formed of densely imbricated ovate obtuse concave bracteas. Pedicels
long and slender, corymbose.

*908. (3) C. polyandra (Roxb.:) leaflets 2-8 pair, oblong-lanceolate:
flowers from the branches, axillary: stamens very numerous.—Roab. Cor. 3.

t. 286: fl. Ind. 2. p. 372 ; DC. prod. 2. 509; Spr. syst. 2. p. 327 ; Wall.! L.
n. 5815 ; Wight! cat. n. 632. c. :

Our specimens were obtained from Klein's herbarium, without any locality
or name attached: it is perhaps not indigenous.

LXXXVII. BAUHINIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 329.

Sepals 5, united into a calyx that is either 5-cleft, or split up on the lower
side and spatha-like. Petals 5, spreading, oblong, slightly unequal. Anther-
bearing stamens either 1 and distinct, with 9 monadelphous sterile filaments ;
or 3-5, with or without 1—7 sterile ones, all united at the base ; or 10 without
Sterile ones, all slightly monadelphous at the base, or distinct: ‘ sometimes

there is a supernumerary or inner verticil (prolongation of the torus?) nearly
entire, or more or less deeply eut into a greater or smaller number of short
bristle-like threads." (Graham). Ovary stalked, containing 2 or more ovules.
_ Style ascending, rarely wanting. Stigma capitate or dilated. Legume 1-
celled, 2-valved, several- (rarely 1-) seeded. Seeds compressed, oval;
inner seed-coat tumid. Embryo straight: radicle ovate: cotyledons flat.
—Trees or shrubs. Leaves consisting of two opposite leaflets at the apex
of the petiole ; leaflets 2-5-nerved, either (very rarely) entirely distinct, Or
(usually) more or less united by their inner margins into a 2-lobed emargi-
nate or entire leaf. Flowers racemose ; racemes elongated, or corymbiform,
simple, or panicled.

All the Indian species, which we have examined, have the stamens monadelphous
at the base, although a very shortly so, and never fewer than three of them
with perfect anthers. De Candolle's first group Casparia, and his fifth Caulotrepus,
may therefore be regarded entirely of American origin ; the third Symphyo, aa
fourth Phanera, are, on the other hand, purely Asiatic; while the second Pauletia,
contains a mixture from Asia, Africa, and America.

§ 1. Filaments monadelphous (sometimes only very slightly so) at the base, 5 or
10 bearing anthers : ovary with the stalk free from the calya -tube.—VPau-
letia, Cav. ; DC.

a. Calyx 5cleft, regular: stamens 10, all fertile.
909. (1) B. Malabarica (Roxb.:) arboreous, unarmed : leaves transversely
broad-oval, cordate at the base, glabrous ; leaflets rounded, united consider-
ably above the middle, parallel, 4-nerved: racemes axillary, corymbiform, :
almost sessile: calyx funnel-shaped, regular, 5-cleft, pubescent : corolla re-
gular; petals spathulate: stamens 10, all fertile, very slightly monadelphous
at their base, alternate ones shorter ; “ inner verticil wanting” (Grah.): wha
pubescent: legume long-stalked, linear, slightly faleate, at length "ert
marked longitudinally with waved reticulating lines.— Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. P. 321;
Wall.! L: n. 5793.——Malabar ; M. Brown, Esq.

BAUHINIA.- LEGUMINOSJE. 295

We have not seen the fruit; for the description of it, we are indebted to
Dr Graham, who has undertaken the elaboration of Dr Wallich's Leguminose.
Dr G. further informs us, that this plant has never borne fruit in the Caleutta
Botanic Garden ; that the fruit which he has seen is unripe, and was gathered
at Gualpara in the month of September, and at Jiria in November, both by
the late Dr Buchanan Hamilton, in 1808 ; that from the latter station being
in the herbarium of the University of Edinburgh, the other in the magnificent
collection presented by the Court of Directors of the East India Company to
the Linnean Society.

b. Calyx spathaceous : stamens 10, all fertile.

910. (2) B. acuminata (Linn.:) shrubby, large, erect, unarmed ; leaves
cordate at the base, young ones slightly pubescent on the under side, old
ones glabrous: leaflets ovate, slightly acute or acuminated, united to above
the middle, parallel, 4-nerved: racemes solitary, leaf-opposed or terminal,
short, few-flowered: calyx spathaceous, much attenuated, splitting at the
apex into 5 setaceous teeth: stamens 10, all fertile and united at the base,
alternate ones shorter: legumes 8-12-seeded, obliquely linear-lanceolate,
acuminated, the seminiferous suture with 3 prominent ribs.—Linn. sp. p. 536;
DC. prod. 2. p. 513 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 338 5 Roxb. fl. Ind. 2, p. 324; in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 942; Ham. in Linn. soc. trans. 13. p. 498; Wall! L. n. 5194 ;
Wight! eat. n. 631.—B. purpurea, Wall. L.n. 5797. d (according to Graham).
—B. candida, Ait.; DC.l.c.—Bauhinia, n. 148, Linn.! in herb. Herm.! ;
Al. Zeyl.—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 34. : :

De Candolle has by mistake inserted this in a section characterised by ha-
ving only one fertile stamen: Rheede and other botanists describe it correct-
ly. The leaves are sometimes scarcely at all acute, sometimes decidedly acu-
minated on the same bush. The flowers are pure white.

911. (3) B. tomentosa (Linn. :) shrubby, unarmed: branchlets, petioles,
stipules, peduncles, calyx, legumes, and under surface of the leaves, shortl
and softly villous : leaves roundish at the base ; leaflets oval, obtuse, parallel,
united to above the middle, 3-nerved: stipules setaceous: peduncles leaf-
opposed, usually 2-flowered ; pedicels each with 3 bracteas at the base:
calyx spathaceous, ovate, shortly acuminated, 5-toothed : petals oval: sta-
mens 10, all fertile and united at the base, ascending, upper ones gradually
Shorter: legume flat, lanceolate, 5-6-seeded.— Linn. sp. p. 536 ; DC. prod. 2.
p. 514; Spr. syst. 2. p. 333 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 323; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1552; Wall.! L. n. 5790; Wight! cat. n. 625.— Bauhinia, n. 147, Linn.! in
herb. Herm. ! ; fl. Zeyl.—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 35 ; Burm. Zeyl. t. 18. bis; Pluk.
t. 44. f. 6.

912. (4) B. racemosa (Lam. :) arboreous, bushy, unarmed, with dark sca-
brous bark : branchlets drooping : leaves cordate at the base ; upper side ga
brous ; under shortly villous, or pubescent, or nearly glabrous ; leaflets mc
ish or broadly obovate, united to about the middle, 3-nerved : racemes soli-
tary, terminal or leaf-opposed, leafless, much longer than the leaves; ddr
Scattered: calyx spathaceous, at length reflexed, 5-toothed, pu d
shortly villous: petals linear-lanceolate, ascending, slightly hairy on I —
side, upper ones gradually smaller: stamens 10, all fertile d united at the

ise, ascending, upper ones gradually shorter ; filaments and mated awe
with longish hairs: ovary glabrous, long-stalked ; style none : ; = ws
sessile !: legumes linear, straightish or curved, woody; thick, scarcely s 4
cent, many-seeded.— Lam. encycl. meth. 1. p. 390 (not of Vahl); € ze
n. 626, 627.—B. parviflora, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 55; DC. prod. 2. p. 51 d oe
syst. 2. p. 333 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 323.— B. spicata, Koen. ; Roab. in E. 1. €.
mus. tab. 153 ; Wall.! L. n. 5789. Hoek -«c «fef ti ^. risa
. As Lamarck’s description is exceedingly , we restore the Ves au.
nally given by him, and which was afterwards applied by Vahl, De Can-
.. Qolle, and others, to a very different species.

296 ; LEGUMINOS X. BaUHINIA.

c. Calyx spathaceous : anther-bearing stamens 5, with or without fertile filaments
between them.

913. (5) B. variegata (Linn. :) arboreous, unarmed : leaves roundish, cor-
date or rounded at the base, upper side glabrous, under when young shortly
and softly villous afterwards glabrous ; leaflets oval, obtuse, united far above
the middle, nearly parallel, 5-nerved: racemes axillary and terminal: calyx
spathaceous, ovate, slightly acuminated, 5-toothed at the apex: petals ob-
long, nearly sessile, the upper somewhat larger and on a rather longer claw
than the others: fertile stamens 5, with sometimes the rudiments of 1-5 abor-
tive filaments, all shortly united at the base; “ inner verticil wanting " (Grah.);
legume straight, linear, acuminated, compressed, gabrous, 5—12-seeded ; seeds
approximated.— Wight ! cat. n. 630.—2; four petals reddish and veined with
purple ; the fifth variegated with purple, brown, and yellow.—Ham. in Linn.
soc. trans. 13. p. 496.— B. variegata, Linn. sp. p.535; DC. prod. 2. p. 514 ; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 333 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 319 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1238 ; Wall.! L.
n. 5795.—B. purpurea, Wall. L. n. 5797, e, i? (partly), k (partly), m? (ac-
cording to Graham).—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 32.—8 ; four petals whitish ; the fifth
variegated on the inner side with yellow and green.— Ham. l. c. p. 497.—B.

. candida, Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 318 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 634 ; Wall. L. n. 5796.
“ This tree can only be said to differ from B. candida in the colour of the
flowers : had I met with this first, I should certainly have considered the other
asa variety only."—Roxs. We follow Hamilton in uniting them; in the
herbarium it is impossible to distinguish the two.

$2. Anther-bearing stamens 3 (or occasionally 4), or rarely 5, with or without
2-7 sterile filaments, all connected at the very base ; ovary-stalk cohering
on one side with the tube of the calyv.—Symphyopoda, DC.

. 914. (6) B. phenicea (Heyne:) arboreous?, unarmed, with a dark mi-
nutely warted bark : leaves ovate, cordate at the base, upper side glabrous,
. under minutely pubescent; leaflets united for about two-thirds of their

. length, obtuse, diverging, 3-4-nerved: panicles terminal, clothed with short
dense tomentum ; pedicels short with 3 bracteas at their base: calyx spatha-
ceous : petals a little longer than the calyx, oblong-lanceolate, acute, nearly
equal, glabrous, with claws about as long as the limb: stamens 5, all fertile;
inner verticil eut into numerous bristle-shaped threads: ovary shortly tomen-
foto Heus ie Wall. L. n. 5800. :

e have taken the above character from a description of this plant sent us
by Dr Graham. Dr G. remarks that the dower tudsars cylindric-clavate ; the
calyx 5-parted, the segments 1 inch long, linear, and generally united at the
apex; whence we have considered it as a modification of spathaceous. . t
appears closely allied to the next, and principally differs by having 5 fertile .
stamens. May it not be a hybrid between B. purpurea and. B. variegata ?

915. (7) B. purpurea (Linn.:) arboreous, unarmed: leaves roundish, cor-
date at the base, coriaceous, glabrous ; leaflets oval, obtuse, parallel, unit
to the middle or a little above it, the free portions sometimes overlapping —
each other, 4-5-nerved : racemes terminal, panicled: calyx usually cleft to
the base of the limb into 2 reflexed segments, the one emarginate, the other
3-toothed, sometimes all cohering at the apex and spathaceous: petals ob-
. long-lanceolate, attenuated at the base: fertile stamens 3 (or occasionally 4),
long, ascending; “ inner verticil large, thick, and slightly fimbriated on the

ba 3 (Grah.) : legume long, linear, pointed, with 6-12 rather distant seeds.
— Linn. sp. p. 536 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 383 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 320; in E. T. C.
net "s = H Ham. m EE soc. trans. 13. p. 497: Wall.! L. " i
rtly) ; t! cat. n. 629.—B. Coromandeli . prod. 2. p. 919—
Peed, Mal. 7 e deliana, DC. p p is
De Candolle's B. purpurea, probably described from a specimen from the —
Island of Timor, is certainly different : we have never jen in our plant the

Bavaria. LEGUMINOSAE. . 297

leaves covered underneath with reddish tomentum, nor the leaflets united far
above the middle, this last appearance, in Rheede’s plate, being caused by
their overlapping each other a little, which they do not unfrequently.—We
can scarcely distinguish B. triandra of Roxburgh ; the petals are said to be
obtuse, while in ours they are oftener acute, but there does not appear to be
any other difference : in both they taper much towards the base *.

916. (8) B. Vahlii (W. & A.:) climbing to an immense extent: young
shoots, petioles, peduncles, and tendrils, covered with a thick rusty-coloured
tomentum: leaves roundish, deeply cordate at the base, upper side nearly
glabrous, under tomentose ; leaflets oval, obtuse, slightly diverging or nearly
parallel, united to a little above the middle, 4—6-nerved, the nerves beneath
covered with rusty tomentum : tendrils opposite, below the leaves, simple,
spiral : racemes terminal, corymbiform ; pedicels elongated, and with the ca-
lyx densely villous: calyx ovate, splitting to the base of the limb into 2 re-

exed segments: petals cuneate-obovate, obtuse, densely clothed on the back
(except towards the margins) with adpressed long silky hairs, the three up-
per a little larger than the others: fertile stamens 3, long, ascending, villous
at the base, with 2-7 short sterile filaments: ovary densely villous, its stalk
cohering on one side with the calyx-tube: style sparingly villous, oe
flexuose (much so during :estivation) : stigma capitate: legume pendulous,
long, linear, compressed, ligneous, shortly villous, 8-12-seeded.— Wight! cat.
n. 628.—B. scandens, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 53 (not of the fl. Ind.).—
B. racemosa, Vahl, symb. 9. p. 56, t. 62 (not Lam.); DC. prod. 2. p. 515 ;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 333 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 825; Wall. L. n. 5115.— —Circars ;
Roxburgh. i ;

Our own Indian specimens were obtained from the Missionaries’ Garden,
and are without flowers or fruit: and as we had not an opportunity of ex-
amining Dr Wallich’s, we have described the flowers from a cultivated one in
Mr Arnott’s herbarium from the Mauritius, and taken the character of the le-

e from Roxburgh’s fl. Indica t. The specimens seen by Vahl and by De
/andolle appear to have been cut off above the tendrils, as they take no no-
tice of that organ: every other particular, however, agrees well with our
plant.—The branches are very extensive, from 100 to 300 feet long, climbing
over the highest trees. Leaves often very large; we have one before us al-
most a foot and a half in diameter; those near the flowers are much smaller,
sometimes not exceeding 3 inches across.

Which are generally scarcely notched at the base, while in B. purpurea they are usually deeply cordate; -
the panicle, too, in B. triandra is more lax but less divaricated, and more slender; the petals, and espe-

both forms are found under each name: thus one specimen I have of Wall. L. n. 3794. Be ;

.n. w another )
same letter is B. purpurea, to which I alsorefer Wall. L. n. 5797. b, e; d (partly), f, h (partly, and Be- -
tween these dtto (ere are, however, some intermediate specimens ; among which may be mentioned

«IS for decision; another specimen under the same number letter is more slender than those

&inata ; m is very doubtfully B. variegata, but much too incomplete for dete Iba
nOrg. InH ^ i dinburgh, B. triandra (n. 1007) is
Gents n ton M now belonging to the Vise. d. of Ei ae rgh, » :

rpu
; and it is very probable that he may be right, particularly as I find the of
the structure of sinn legume and fioww-Dod alike. I A^ few perfect | eh mi nat
Meni ge inflorescence of B. triandra a — axillary races and that of B. seg pad a
panicle: B. triandra often has a raceme, occasionally a panicle, which howev larger
and more branched in B. purpurea: in both the inflorescence is terminal or axillary towards the extre-
branches.”—Graham in litt.
Since the above was written, Dr Graham has obligingly sent us a complete description of the plant
Indian specimens i his herbarium Tice ODE, our own in every point. Dr Graham adds,
corymbiform racemes are either terminal or by the of the branches become opposite
MAE ae De O R ETT oa

298 ROSACEA. Runvs.

$3. Anther-bearing stamens 3, with or without several minute sterile filaments,
all united at the very base : ovary-stalk free from the calyz-tube.—Phane-
ra, Lour; DC. é
917. (9) B. anguina (Roxb.:) “ climbing: stem compressed, flexuose ;
flexures approximated, regularly and alternately concave and convex on the
two flat sides:” leaves glabrous, cordate ; leaflets 3-nerved, half ovate, acu-
minated, united on young plants to the middle, on older ones to the apex:
tendrils simple or bifid : racemes long, simple, many-flowered, forming a ter-
minal panicle: flowers very small: calyx cup-shaped, obtusely 5-lobed ! : pe-
tals obovate: stamens 3, all fertile : ovary glabrous, 2-ovuled, its stalk free
from the calyx: legume oblong, glabrous, 1-2-seeded.— Roxb. Cor. 3. t. 285;
fi- Ind. 2. p. 328 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 516 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 333 ; Wall.! L.n. 5773.
—B. piperifolia, Rowb.? fl. Ind. 2. p. 321.— Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 30, 31.——Bir-
thour, Berkencour, and other places on the Malabar side; Rheede.

ORDER LVII—ROSACEZ. Juss.

Subord. |. PorENTILLE. Juss—Calyx 4-5- (or more-) divided:
wstivation valvular. Petals as many as the lobes of the calyx, and al-
ternating. Stamens indefinite, sometimes 10-15-20, rarely 5, and
then alternate with the petals: anthers bilocular. Torus lining the tube
of the calyx, sometimes becoming very fleshy: ovaria distinct, inde-
finite, or rarely definite (2-5): ovules suspended, erect or ascending,
solitary, or rarely in pairs, one above the other : style lateral, attached
near the apex: stigma simple or plumose. Fruit of small nuts or
achenia. Seeds solitary. Albumen none. Embryo straight: radicle
next the hilum : cotyledons flat—Leaves alternate, often compound,
stipulate.

I. RUBUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. A41.

Calyx flattish at the bottom, 5-cleft, without bracteoles. Petals 5. Sta-
mens numerous inserted on the calyx along with the petals. Achenia nu-
merous (rarely only 6), collected into a head on an evidently protuberant
and spongy but not fleshy torus, at length becoming juicy and resembling
little drupes. Styles slightly lateral from near the apex of the achenia. Seed
inverted.—Shrubs, or rarely perennial herbaceous plants. Stems usually bi-
ennial, often rooting, sometimes unarmed but more generally prickly- Leaves
petioled, sometimes pinnate or palmate, sometimes simple. Fruit eatable.

918. (1) R. Wallichiania (W. & A.:) stems somewhat terete, and thelpe
tioles and peduncles and pedicels armed with recurved prickles and dense Y
hispid with brown horizontal hairs : leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets nearly
orbicular, toothed-serrated, green on both sides, glabrous above, slightly
lous beneath ; midrib and some of the larger nerves prickly beneath: stip sd
subulate: panicles large, compound, somewhat corymbose, axillary an s
minal: segments of the calyx oblong-lanceolate, tomentose, hispid 27
base : petals oblong, the length of the calyx.— Wight! cat. n. 1001.—R. hirtas,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 518 (not of Weihe and Nees).

919. (2) R. gowreephul (Roxb. :) stems somewhat terete, and the petioles —

and peduncles armed with recurved prickles and densely hispid with amit E.
horizontal hairs: leaves pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets from elliptical to 3

Rusvs. ROSACEJE. 299

ly orbicular, toothed-serrated, upper side glabrous, under white and to-
mentose with recurved prickles on the midrib and some of the nerves: sti-
pules subulate: panicles small, axillary and terminal, corymbose: segments
oblong, white and shortly tomentose on both sides: petals cuneate-obovate,
twice as long as the calyx.— Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 517; Wight! cat. n. 1002.—
pa aoip Wall. L.n. 730.—R. paniculatus, Moon ? Ceyl. pl. p. 40 (not
. Roab.

It is very closely allied to the last, but has the leaflets white beneath. We
have a specimen before us from Ceylon.

, 920. (8) R. lasiocarpus (Sm.:) stems terete, long, rooting at the extremi-
ties, glabrous, glaucous, armed with curved prickles ; branches and petioles
tomentose and prickly : leaves pinnated ; leaflets 3-1, somewhat plicate, from
ovate or obovate and acuminated to lanceolate, terminal one roundish and
often 3-lobed, glabrous above, white and tomentose beneath, irregularly
toothed and serrated : stipules subulate : panicles racemose, chiefly terminal :
segments of the calyx oblong, attenuated at the apex, tomentose: pe
roundish, shorter than the calyx : carpels tomentose.—Sm. in Rees’ cycl. ; DC.
prod. 2. p. 558 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 527; Wall.! L. n. 142; Wight! cat. n. 1003.
R. albescens, Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 519.—R. racemosa, Roxb. l. c.—R. Mysoren-
sis, Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 285; DC. prod. 2. p. 557.—R. parvifolius,
Moon’s Ceyl. pl. p. 40.——Dindygul and Cunnawady hills. Mysore.

.. The figure in Rumph. Amb. 5. t. AT. f. 1. resembles this much in the foliage :
it is usually referred to R. parvifolius, Linn., from which however it is cer-
tainly quite distinct ; Roxburgh, in his manuscripts, suggests that it may be
T m (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1444), or R. Roxburghianus, Wall.

. n. 732.

921. (4) R. rugosus (Sm. :) shrubby, armed with scattered small straight
or recurved prickles : branches, calyx, and under side of the leaves villous
with a tawny tomentum : leaves simple, cordate, 3-5-lobed, reticulated and
pitted underneath, scabrous and pustuled above : stipules and bracteas villous,
cleft into several segments : racemes few-flowered, axillary and terminal : seg-
ments of the calyx oblong-lanceolate, equal to the corolla.— Sm. in Rees
eycl.; DC. prod. 2. p. 567 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 531; Wall.! L. n. 748; Wight ! cat.
n. 1004.—R. alceæfolius, Poir. encycl. meth. 6. p. 247; DC. l. c. ; Spr. I. c——
R. reflexus, Ker, bot. reg. t. 461 ; DC. l c. p. 566 ; Spr. l. c.—R. Moluceanus,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 518 (not Linn.)—R. Hamiltonianus, Ser. in DC. l c.

The lobes of the leaves are sometimes acute, sometimes obtuse: the seg-
ments of the calyx, though always described obtuse, are occasionally acute.

922. (5) R. hexagynus (Roxb. :) shrubby, armed with scattered compressed
very short curved prickles : branches terete, tomentose : leaves oblong, more
or less cordate at the base, serrated, villous on the nerves ; midrib beneath and
the petioles prickly: stipules and bracteas divided into filiform segments :

lowers numerous, arranged in a long terminal panicle: calycine eng en-
tire, lanceolate-subulate : petals linear, a little shorter than the calyx: styles
6: drupes about 3 or 4, obliquely ovate.—Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 516 ; Wall.! L.
n. 125.—R. Indicus, Lesch. in DC. prod. 2. p. 568.

II. FRAGARIA. Linn.

eleft, with 5 practeoles. Petals 5. Sta-

scattered on a fleshy and succulent po-
central column.

Calyx concave at the bottom, 5-
mens numerous. Achenia juiceless, y
lyphore or receptacle that at length separates from the conical
Style lateral. Seed suspended.—Herbaceous plants throwing out runners.
Leaves trifoliolate: leaflets coarsely toothed. Receptacles or polyphores
roundish, succulent, red or whitish.

5 I

300 ROSACE.E. PoreNTIAA.

$1. Flowers white ; receptacles eatable.—V ragaria, Sm.

* 923. (1) F. elatior (Ehrh.:) leaflets somewhat coriaceous: hairs on the
petioles, peduncles, pedicels and calyx widely spreading: calyx in fruit re-
flexed: bracteoles similar to the calycine segments.—DC. prod. 2. p. 570;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 533 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1005? Neelgherries.

Our character is taken from British specimens ; the Indian ones are much .
too imperfect to permit of our ascertaining their identity with sufficient ac-
curacy ; we are not aware that it is cultivated in the district.

$ 2. Flowers yellow : receptacles insipid, not eatable.—Duchesnea, Sm.

924. (2) F. Indica (Andr.:) leaflets obovate ; peduncles axillary, solitary,
1-flowered: bracteoles patulous, cuneate, much larger and broader than the
entire calycine segments, deeply 3-5-toothed at the apex.—Andr. bot. rep.
t. 475 ; DC. prod. 2. p. 571; Spr. syst. 2. p. 533; Wall. L.n. 1236; Wight!
eat. n. 1006.—F. Malayana, Rowb. Jl. Ind, 2. p..520.—Duchesnea fragarioides,
Sm.—D. fragiformis, Don.—Potentilla Wallichiana, Ser. in DC. prod. 2. p.514.
Neeleherries.

We hesitate to quote here F, Indica, Roxb. (although Wallich and Lind-
ley appear to consider it the same), the bracteoles being described and figured
(in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1445) very differently. It belongs, however, to this
section, and so does also, we believe, F. Sundaiuca of Blume, although in
this last the bracteoles are entire as in the eatable species of the genus : both
F. Sundaiaca and F. Indica, Roxb. (F. Rowburyhii, W. & A.), have occa-
sionally the leaves 5-foliolate.

IH. POTENTILLA. Linn.

.. Calyx concave at the bottom, 4—5-cleft, with 4—5-bracteoles. Petals 4-5.
Stamens numerous. Achenia numerous, collected into a head on the flattish

~ persistent dry receptacle. Style lateral. Seeds suspended.—Herbaceous or

suffrutescent plants. Leaves compound. Stipules adnate to the petiole. —
Flowers white or yellow, rarely red. Arn

925. (1) P. Kleiniana (W. & A.:) stems declinate, and petioles and pe-
duncles hirsute: leaves palmately 5-foliolate ; leaflets cuneate-oblong, round-
ed at the apex, crenate-toothed (the uppermost tooth equal to the others),
nearly glabrous, except the nerves beneath which are clothed with silky -
hairs: stipules lanceolate, slightly acute, entire: flowers few, pedicellate, in
: hec. IT ne afterwards becoming elongated: out m

egments oblong, a little obtuse : : ia rugose.— e o
cat. n. 1007.— Neelgherries, ey lee - verna, cm

Very closely allied indeed, both in appearance and character, to P. due.
opaca, and alpestris, of Europe. a x

926. (2) P. supina (Linn.:) stem herbaceous, decumbent, dichotomous,

slightly villous: leaves pinnated ; leaflets oblong, very slightly hairy, more OF — : i
less incise-toothed: stipules lanceolate, eise; pedicels axillary; "solitary :- :

calycine segments and bracteoles lanceolate : petals (yellow) obovate, obtuse; —
not so long as the calyx: carpels rugose.— Linn. 8p. p. 7

p. 580 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 535; Wight! cat. n. 1008.—P. Heynei, Roth, nov. 3P. — —
P: 235 ; DC. prod. 5. p. 580; Spr. syst. 2. p. 534; Wall. L. n. 1024—Neel —
gherries.

1; DC. prod. 2

We have no doubt that ours is the same as Roth’s plant, and on the other : . 2

hand we cannot find any constant character to separate it from P. supina, O°
which we possess vesc foin from the Caspian vimm and Astrachan, =
well as from Europe. It is also found in North America. Ax o

: 1

Rosa. ROSACER. 301

927. (8) P. Leschenaultiana (Ser. :) covered all over with silky long hairs:
stems decumbent at the base: radical and lower leaves pinnated, longish-
petioled ; leaflets 5, cuneate-obovate, obtuse, incise-toothed, the lower pair
smaller than the others: upper stem leaves palmately 3-5-foliolate ; leaflets
about equal and similar to the larger leaflets of the radicle leaves: stipules
large, ovate-lanceolate ; lower ones often entire; upper toothed or deeply
cut: flowers in terminal forked panicles, or corymbose: calycine segments
and bracteoles about equal, oblong-lanceolate, more or less obtuse: petals
(yellow) slightly obcordate, about equal to the calyx: receptacle villous :
carpels slightly wrinkled.—z ; stems short; panicles small, corymbiform.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1009.—P. Leschenaultiana, Ser. in DC. prod. 2. p. 584.—8 5
stems elongated ; panicles long, much forked.—P. Grahamiana, Wight ! cat.
n. 1010. Neelgherries.

We are now disposed to regard our var. £ as only a luxuriant variety of
the other: but the general appearance is very different : it has the stems 2 or
3 feet long ; whereas our « does not exceed 6 or 7 inches.

Subord. 2. RosEx. Juss.—Calyx 5-divided, segments often pin-.
natisect ; tube contracted at the mouth, at length fleshy: :estivation
spirally imbricated. Petals 5. Stamens indefinite : anthers 2-celled.
Torus thick, lining the tube of the calyx, bearing at its margin the sta-
mens and petals, and on its surface the carpels. Ovaries superior, in-
definite, concealed within the tube of the calyx: ovules in pairs, one
above the other, suspended: styles persistent, lateral, attached near the
apex of the ovary, protruded beyond the tube of the calyx, with their
upper portions free or rarely concrete. Achenia numerous, hairy.
Seed solitary. Albumen none. Embryo straight : radicle superior :
cotyledons flat.—Shrubs. Leaves pinnate, rarely reduced to a simple
leaflet, alternate, stipulate.

IV. ROSA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 440.

Character same as of the sub-order.

928. (1) R. (Systyla) Leschenaultiana (Red. & Thor.:) surculi very long,
glabrous, glaucous, prickly ; prickles about equal, hooked : petioles prickly, —
and peduncles and calyx-tube covered with gland-bearing bristles : leaflets -
5-7, persistent, firmish, green and glabrous on both sides without glands,
ovate-lanceolate, acutely simply or sometimes doubly serrated ; midrib be-
neath glandular: stipules adnate: flowers nearly solitary : calyx-segments
densely pubescent on both sides, nearly quite simple, at length reflexed: pe-
tals broadly obeordate: styles combined upwards into a quce erae t
rg iima column : fruit ovate.— Wight! cat. n. at Vm a ae y Ser.
in DC. prod. 2. p. 598.—R. Wallichii, Sab. in Wall. L. n. 004. n,

Several other pare are before us, as R. Indica (Wall. L. n. — T T
I and R. centifolia, but they are eultivated, and not natives o the Pe-
ninsula,

Subord. 3. Pomacrm. Juss.—Calyx 5-toothed, the odd — I-
perior: tube more or less globose, extremely fleshy and juicy. Petals
5, unguiculate. Stamens indefinite. Torus thin, lining the tube of
the calyx, bearing the petals and stamens on its margin. Ovaria 1-5,

302 ROSACEA: PHOTINIA,

adhering to the side of the calyx: ovules ascending, in pairs and col-
lateral, or rarely solitary : styles 1-5: stigmas simple. Fruit a pomum,
1—5-celled, or spuriously 10-celled: endocarp cartilaginous, spongy, or
bony. Seeds solitary. Albumen none. Radicle short, next the hilum:
cotyledons flat, or nearly convolute—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alter-
nate, stipulate.

Besides the following, Dr Wallich enumerates Cotoneaster buxifolia, Wall.! L.
n. 661, from the Neelgherries: but this we have not seen.

V. PHOTINIA. Lindi.

Calyx 5-toothed. Petals reflexed. Ovary half-adhering, villous, 2-celled,
4-ovuled. Styles 2, glabrous. Pericarp bilocular (rarely from abortion uni-
locular and 1-seeded), inclosed within the fleshy calyx. Testa of the seeds
cartilaginous.—Trees. Leaves simple, coriaceous, evergreen. Panicles co-
rymbose, terminal. Fruit small.

929. (1) P. Lindleyana (W. & A.:) leaves elliptical or oblong-lanceolate,
acute, serrulate or when young almost quite entire: panicles small, com-
pound ; ramifications glabrous: pedicels equal to the calyx: cells of the ova-
rium spuriously semibilocular: fruit glabrous, often 1-seeded from abortion.
—* ; leaves broadly elliptical —Wight! cat. n. 1012.—8 ; leaves oblong-lan-
ceolate.— Wight! cat. n. 1013.—Neelgherries.

930. (2) P. Notoniana (Wall.? :) leaves from cuneate-lanceolate to oblong,
acute, quite entire or with a few inconspicuous scattered teeth: panicles
large, very compound ; ramifications puberulous: pedicels much shorter than
the calyx: cells of the ovary spuriously semi-bilocular: fruit glabrous, 2-
seeded.—Wall.? L. n. 671; Wight! cat. n. 1014.—— Neelgherries. :

We do not possess specimens from Dr Wallich, so that our reference is
doubtful. The flowers of the present are much more numerous, but consi-
derably smaller than those of P. Li na.

*

VI. ERIOBOTRYA. Lindi.

Calyx woolly, obtusely 5-toothed. Petals bearded. Stamens erect, the
length of the calycine teeth. Styles 5, filiform, included, hairy. Fruit 4
closed pomum, 3-5-celled. Chalaza none. Radicle inclosed between the
base of the cotyledons.—Small trees. Branchlets tomentose. Leaves simple.
Racemes compound, terminal, woolly. Bracteas subulate, deciduous.

* 931. (1) E. Japonica (Lindl.:) leaves lanceolate, somewhat cuneate at
the base, slightly wrinkled, serrated, woolly on the under side: lobes of the

calyx rounded.—Lindl. in Linn. soc, trans. 13. p. 102: DC. prod. 2. p. 631 ;
Wall.! L. n. 666; Wight! cat. n. 1015,—Mespilus Japonica, Thunb.; Spr.

ORDER LVIL—SALICARIEJE. Juss.

Subord. 1. LYTHRARIER. Juss.—Calyx tubular or campanulate,
lobed, the lobes sometimes with intermediate accessory lobes or teeth :
æstivation valvate. Petals alternate with the lobes of the calyx, very

Rorana. SALICARIE A. 308

deciduous, sometimes wanting. Stamens inserted a little below the
petals, equal in number to them, or 2-3—4-times as many, rarely fewer :
anthers introrse, bilocular, bursting longitudinally. Ovarium superior,
2-4-celled : ovules numerous : style usually filiform, rarely very short:
stigma usually capitate. Placente in the axis. Capsule membranous,
surrounded by but not combined with the calyx; usually l-celled by
the obliteration of the dissepiments, bursting longitudinally or irregu-
larly. Seeds numerous, small. Albumen none. Embryo straight:
radicle next the hilum: cotyledons flat and foliaceous.— Herbs, shrubs,
or trees, with usually tetragonal branches. Leaves opposite or (sel-
dom) alternate, entire, exstipulate, and without glands. Flowers bi-
sexual.

TRIBE I.—LYTHREJE.

Lobes of the calyx during estivation more or less distant or somewhat valvate.
Seeds wingless.—Shrubs or herbaceous plants.

I. ROTALA. Linn.

Calyx membranaceous, tubular, 3-5-lobed ; lobes ovate, acute ; sinus with-
out accessory teeth. Petals obovate, minute, as long and as numerous as the
calycine lobes. Stamens as many as the petals, inserted on the middle of the
calyx-tube. Ovary 3-celled. Style very short. Stigma capitate. Capsule
covered by the calyx, 1-celled, 3-valved, many-seeded. Seeds compressed,
smooth and even, shining.—Small herbaceous plants. Leaves sessile, patu-
lous. Flowers axillary, solitary, minute.

932. (1) R. verticillaris (Linn. :) leaves in verticils of 4-8, linear, acute:
flowers sessile: seeds very numerous.—Linn. mant. p. 175; DC. prod. 3. p. 16;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 180; Wall.! L.n.6321; Wight! cat. n. 1016.— Rheed. Mal.
9.1.81 (bad). i

We have the authority of the Missionaries’ and the Banksian herbarium for
considering this to be the plant of the Mantissa and of Willdenow, although
in the numerous flowers examined by us we have constantly found 5 lobes
to the calyx and as many petals and stamens. We presume, therefore, that

ir number varies from 3 to 5. R. mewicana, Cham. and Schlecht., is de-
scribed with 3 calycine teeth; R. decussata, DC., if indeed it belongs to the
genus, has either 3 or 5 teeth, and no petals.

II. AMELETIA. DC.

Calyx campanulate-tubular, 4-cleft ; the lobes ovate, very acute, converg-
ing ; each sinus with a small tooth-like process. Petals none. Stamens 4, in-
serted on the tube of the calyx. Ovary ovate, 2-celled. Style filiform. Stig-
Ma capitate. Capsule ovate, 2-celled, 2-valved, septifragal, many-seeded.—
Herbaceous creeping plants. Leaves opposite, obovate, nearly sessile. Flo-
riferous branches axillary, forming small bracteated spikes. Flowers distinct-
ly bibracteolated, sessile, solitary in the axils of the elongated bractese.

933. (1) A. 7 '. sy spikes at length lax and 2-3 times the length
of the nare a a 3. e j ‘Wall! FÉ n. 2093 ; Wight! cat. n. 1017.
—Peplis Indica, Willd. sp. 2. p. 244.—Ammannia Indica, Spr. syst. 1. p. 244.
—A. repens, Rottl.! ; DC. prod. 3. p. p. 80-

etait

304 SALICARIE X. AMMANNSIA.

A. polystachia, Wall. L. n. 2094, is only distinguishable by the spikes more
crowded, and not exceeding the leaves: it is perhaps only a variety.

III. AMMANNIA. AHoust.; Lam. ill. t. 77.

Calyx bracteolated at the base, more or less campanulate, 4—7-lobed, lobes
flat or incurved, the sinus usually expanding into spreading accessory teeth
or horns. Petals 4-5, or wanting. Stamens as many or twice as many as
the calycine lobes. Ovary 2-3-4-celled. Style shortish or elongated. Stig-
ma capitate. Capsule ovate-globose, membranaceous, either bursting trans-
versely, the upper part falling away with the style, or opening by valves.
Seeds numerous, attached to thick central placentas.—Herbaceous plants
growing in wet soil or in water, all nearly quite glabrous. Stems 4-angled or
occasionally terete when old. Leaves opposite, quite entire. Flowers axil-
lary, sessile, or shortly peduncled, bracteolated at the base.

.This genus ought either to be divided into genera, or into sections on a different
principle from that adopted by authors. The genus or subgenus with 4 stamens, à
4-celled ovary, and accessory teeth to the calyx, which ought to be viewed as the
type of Ammannia, does not occur in India. Our first subgenus ought perhaps to be
teh to Nesea, from which it only differs by the bracteoles at the base of the

Sub-gen. 1. Calyx campanulate, shortly 4-7-lobed ; accessory horns con-
spicuous and rather longer than the lobes. Petals 4-7. Stamens twice as
many as the petals. Ovary 4—5-celled. Style filiform.— Diplostemon, DC.

_ 994. (1) A. octandra (Linn. :) leaves linear-lanceolate, sessile, acutely au-
ricled at the base: peduncles axillary, very short, 1-3-flowered : calyx 4-
angled ; the angles slightly winged and scabrous, running out into the patent
accessory horns: petals 4: stamens 8, as long as the corolla: capsule 4-cell-
ed, the dissepiments usually remaining entire.—DC. prod. 3. p. 80 ; Spr. syst.
1. p. 444 ; Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 183; fl. Ind. 1. p. 425 ; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 446;
Wall.! L.n. 2097 ; Wight! cat. n. 1018.—A. coccinea, Pers.

Subgen. 2. Calyx campanulate, shortly 4—5-lobed ; lobes broadly triangular
or rounded ; accessory horns conspicuous, and longer than the lobes. Sta-
mens 4-5, included. Ovary 2-celled. Style short, not so long as the ovary.
Capsule included, 1-celled, opening transversely.— Flowers axillary some-
what sessile.— Ditheca.

935. (2) A. verticillata (Lam. :) leaves lanceolate, attenuated at the base:
flowers almost sessile, 2-3 in the axils of the opposite leaves: calyx half-
globose : petals 4-5, obovate.— Lam. ill. t. 77. f.3; DC. prod. 3. p. 79.—A.
Caspica, Marsch. Bieb.; DC. prod. 3. p. 78 (partly).—A. lanceolata, Heyne m
Wall.! L. n. 2106.—2 ; calyx glabrous or nearly so.— Wight / cat. n. 1019,
1096.—Pluk. t. 356. f. 6.—58; leaves on the margin, upper part of the calyx,
and accessory horns hispid with short hairs.— Wight! cat.n.1020. — a

Very closely allied to A. ZEgyptiea, Willd. (from which A. Caspica ofLede- ——

bour and several of the Russian botanists does not appear to be distinct) me o

differs by having petals. The stems, as in the other species, vary from simpl — —
to several times branched. :

936. (8) A. cordata (Wight :) leaves oblong, upper ones cordate d sad ; :

base, sessile: flowers sessile, 2-3 in the axils of the leaves: calyx half-
= : ge 4, obovate.— Wall.! L. n. 6322 ; Wight! cat. n. 1021. -
n

| the specimens we have seen each pair of leaves is at a consi

AMMANINA. SALICARIEJE. 305

distance from the next pair ; the stem is nearly simple, and the root does not
seem to creep: we are therefore doubtful if A. densifiora be the same or not.

t 937. (4) A. densiflora (Roth :) stems ascending, branched, creeping at
the base : leaves sessile, lincar-lanceolate, rather cordate at the base: branches
all densely beset with flowers from the base so as to appear spiked: floral
leaves recurved: flowers axillary, sessile: petals 5, obovate.—Roth, nov. sp.
p.99; DC. prod. 3. p. 79.

Subgen. 3. Calyx 4-cleft to the middle; lobes triangular, acute ; accessory
teeth minute, little more than mere callous points. Stamens 4, scarcely ex-
ceeding the segments of the calyx. Ovary 2-celled. Capsule longer than
the calyx, 1-celled, bursting transversely and irregularly.—Flowers minute.—
Hapalocarpum.

938. (5) A. glauca (Wall. :) leaves glaucous, linear-oblong ; floral ones re-
flexed: flowers numerous in the axils of the leaves, forming a dense sessile
verticil: calyx cup-shaped : petals wanting: style short—Wall.! L.n. 2100:
Wight! cat. n. 1022.

939. (6) A. vesicatoria (Roxb. :) stem much branched: leaves lanceolate,

attenuated towards the base: flowers very minute, aggregated in the axils of
the leaves, almost sessile : calyx-tube at first narrow and tightened round the
ovary, in fruit cup-shaped ; limb much wider than the tube: petals wanting:
style short.—Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 426 ; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 447 ; in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 35 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 78; Spr. syst. 1. p. 444; Wall.! L. n. 2098 ; Wight!
cat. n. 1023. i ;
. The above character is from what’ we consider the type of the species, but
it must be confessed that sometimes the pedicels become elongated, and form
a small corymb, when it is impossible to distinguish it satisfactorily from the-
next species.

940. (7) A. Indica (Lam.:) leaves lanceolate, attenuated towards the base:
flowers very minute, in axillary short peduncled lax corymbs, petals wanting:
style short.— DC. prod. 3. p. 17 ; Wall.! L. n. 2099 ; Wight! cat. n. 1024.

, Perhaps A. baccifera of Linnsus ought to be referred here. The figure
given by Burmann (fl. Ind. t. 15. f. 3, 4) is probably from small specimens,
of which we have some before us agreeing very well with the figure as to
size; but Burmann has represented the flowers in sessile dense; verticels as
in A. vesicatoria. It is difficult to say what A. baccifera of Roth is.

941. (8) A. multiflora (Roxb. :) leaves linear, auricled at the base, sessile :
piscine axillary, with the pedicels about as long as the floral leaves, 1-7-
usually 3-) flowered: flowers minute: calyx-tube at first narrow, after-
wards cup-shaped: petals 4, roundish: style filiform, as long as the ovary.
—Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 426; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 447; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 95; DC.
prod. 3. p. 79 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 444 ; Wall.! L. n. 2101 ; Wight! cat. n. 1025.

Subgen. 4. Calyx campanulate, 5-cleft: lobes triangular: sinus with a su-
bulate accessory process. Petals 5. Stamens 5, the length of the calyx.
Ovary 3-celled. Style shortish, filiform. Capsule 3-valved, imperfectly 3-
celled, septifragal.—Flowers minute, with two subulate bracteoles as long as
the calyx.— T'ritheca.

942. (9) A. pentandra (Roxb.:) leaves from linear-lanceolate to linear-
oblong : So gu incl is cuni Bee fe petals 5, twice the length of the
calycine segments, obovate, sometimes entire but usually emarginate or 3-
toothed.— Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 427 ; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 448 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
448; DC. prod. 3. p. 79 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 444.—A. nana, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p.
427; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 448 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 549 ; DC. l. e. 5; Spr. l c. p.

U

306 SALICARIE A. . Pempnis,

445; Wall.! L.n. 2105.—A. rubra, Wall. L. n. 2107 (at least as to the Pe-
ninsular specimens).—« ; leaves acutish at the base.— Wight ! cat. n. 1026.—
A. rosea, Poir.? encycl. meth. suppl. 1. p. 329; DC.? 1. c. p. 80.—Sellowia
uliginosa, Roth? nov. sp. p. 163 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 380.—Winterlia uliginosa,
Spr.? syst. 1. p. 788.— ; leaves broadish and somewhat auricled at the base.
—MWight ! cat. n. 1027.

That neither the size nor the mode of branching noticed by Roxburgh is of
any consequence is obvious from the numerous specimens before us. Dr
Wallich's A. pentandra (L. n. 2102) we have not seen: it is, however, from
Bengal, and is perhaps distinct from ours which is the same with Roxburgh's
according to his description and drawing; no specimens of it were in Rox-
burgh’s herbarium, from which we may suspect that he himself could not dis-
tinguish it from his A. nana, of which there are specimens. De Candolle trans-
lates * cuneate’ in A. nana by * sagittatis, an evident mistake, as he had not
seen specimens. Sellowia of Roth (Winterlia of Sprengel) we have little
doubt was described from small plants of this species, and that Roth has
been led into an error when he describes the capsule as 1-seeded, mistaking,
perhaps, the persistent central placenta for a seed: the placenta is, however,
3-winged (from the remains of the dissepiments), not ovate and shining as
he states of the seeds. |

$
Subgen. 5. Calyx petaloid, campanulate, 4-cleft to the middle: segments
triangular-ovate, with no accessory teeth. Petals 4, obovate, twice as long
as the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 4, Ovary broadly obovoid, 4-lobed, 4-
celled. Style about as long as the ovary. Capsule at length 1-celled—
Flowers largish, arranged in bracteated somewhat imbricated spikes, solitary
in the axil of each bractea, shortly pedicellate ; the pedicel comate with the
petiole of the bractea. Bracteas cordate ovate, shortly petioled.—Mirkooa.

. 943. (10) A. rotundifolia (Buch. Ham.:) leaves orbicular or broadly obo-
= sm? sessile.—Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 425 ; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 446; in E. I.
mus. tab. 1344; DC. prod. 3. p. 79; Spr. syst. 1. p. 443; Wall.! L. n. —
2008 5 Wight ! cat. n. 1028, N eelgherries.
Short ires and W kapne there is a species, A. latifolia, bye Aer
? efore the nam g i : ;
present one: we have not seen "ea Acn amen

i Gp Species scarcely known.

944. (11) A. parvifiora (DC.:) * stem erect, 4-angled, glab ; leaves
: TE xus > g! rons Z

oblong sessile: cymes axillary, several-flowered, ma than the leaves: Ca-

de (ance: capsule globose, scarcely longer than the calyx.” —DC. prod.

Neither the petals nor stam : it i bably the -
seme with A MAANU MAA ens have been observed: " is probably

t 945. (12) A. Heyneana (Wall.)— Wall. en | tandra, herb
Heyne (not Roxb., iden to Wallick GV teca Lor
IV. PEMPHIS. Forst. gen. t. 84.

Calyx turbinate, persistent, 12-furrowed, with 6 larger erect lobes, and 6
smaller lobe-shaped alternating spreading sinuses. Petals 6, obovate, insert-

ed into the top of the calycine-tube, and alternating with the larger or true.

lobes of the calyx. Stamens 12, inserted on the middle of the calyx, alter-
nately smaller. Ovary globose, 3-celled. Style short. Stigma capitate.
Capsule filling up the calyx, membranaceons, 6-valved, 3-celled at the base,
opening horizontally. Seeds numerous, attached to a central 3-toothed pla-

Nesma. SALICARIEA. " 307

centa.—Canescent shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire. Pedicels axillary,
solitary, bibracteolated at the base. Flowers white.
946. (1) P. acidula (Forst.)—DC. prod. p. 89 ; Wall.! L. n. 2108 ; Wight !

eat. n. 1029.—P. angustifolia, Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 465.—Lythrum Pemphis,
Linn. f. suppl. p. 249 ; Lam. ill. t. 408. f. 2.—Melanium fruticosum, Spr.

syst. 2. p. 455.— Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 84.

V. NESJEA. Comm.

Calyx hemispherical-campanulate, not bracteolated at the base, with 4-6
erect lobes, and as many alternating horn-shaped patent sinuses. Petals 4-6,
alternate with the erect lobes. Stamens 8-12, somewhat equal. Ovary ses-
sile, nearly globose, 4-celled. Style long, filiform. Stigma capitate. Cap-
sule included within the calyx. Seeds numerous, minute.—Glabrous herba-
ceous plants. Leaves lanceolate-oblong, nearly sessile, obtuse or acute. Pe-
duncles longish, 3-flowered at the apex, with 2 larger bracteas and 4 minute
ones at the origin of the pedicels.

*947. (1) N. triflora (Kunth.)—DC. prod. 3. p. 90 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 455 ;
Wight! i. Pd if rion rini cee gol c triflora, Wall.!

» n. 6323.

We are uncertain where the specimens before us were procured : orn
they were obtained from the Madras herbarium, in which case Dr W:
mentions them as coming from the Mauritius.

VI. LAWSONIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 296. f. 1.—Alcamua. Gertn. fr.
t. 110.

Calyx 4-partite, spreading, persistent, the sinuses not produced into teeth
orlobes. Petals 4, alternate with the lobes of the calyx, obovate, unguicu-
late, spreading. Stamens 8, placed together in pairs that alternate with the
petals. Ovary sessile, 4- (or occasionally 3-) celled. Style long, filiform.

à capitate. Capsule globose, membranaceous, much larger than the ca-
lyx, scarcely dehiscent, 3-4-celled. Seeds numerous, angled, attached to
central placentee.—Glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire. Flowers
panicled or corymbose, white.

The description given by Loureiro of his L. falcata is quite at variance with this
du d LL figure he refers to in Rumphius (6. t. 25. f. 1) represents m Prim. a spe-

: olanum (** the common Solanum of India, usually taken for the S. verbasci-
folium, which is an American plant, and probably different from ours." Haw. mss.)

948. (T) L. alba (Lam. :) leaves oval-lanceolate, quite entire, glabrous:
flowers panicled.—DC. prod. 3. p. 90; Spr. syst. 2. p. 217; Wall.! L. n.

09 ; Wight! cat. n. 1031.—L. spinosa, Linn.—L. inermis, Linn. ; Roxb. fl-

nd. 2. p.258; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 627.—Rheed, Mal, 1. t. 40; Rumph.

Amb. 4. t. 17. | :

“ The species called spinosa is nothing more, I imagine, than the same
plant growing on a dry sterile soil: at as in such soils I have often found
it very thorny, the branchlets being then short and rigid, with sharp thorny
pun Roxs.—L. spinosa of Loureiro is perhaps distinct, although he re-
ers to the above figure in Rumphius : he describes the leaves as small and

*omewhat tomentose, and the capsule very small.

VII. GRISLEA. ZLof.; Linn.—Woodfordia. Sal.

Calyx coloured, tubular, with 4-6 erect teeth, and as many smaller horn-
shaped sinuses. Petals 4-6, inserted on the top of the tube of the calyx be-
9

Us

308 " SALICARIEJE. LAGERSTREMIA.

tween the true teeth, linear or oblong, unguiculate. Stamens twice as many
as the petals, protruded, inserted into the base of the calyx. Ovarium ses-
sile, 2-celled. Style filiform, protruded. Stigma bifid. Capsule 2-celled,
2-valved, included within the calyx. Seeds very numerous, attached to thick
central placentas.—Shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, under side dotted
with black scattered glands. Peduncles axillary, several-flowered. Flowers
red.

949. (1) G. tomentosa (Roxb.:) branchlets pubescent: leaves lanceolate,
somewhat cordate at the base, sessile, under side hoary, upper more or less
glabrous: petals usually 6: stamens declinate, usually 12: capsule oblong.—
Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 91 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 233; DC. prod. 3. p. 92; Spr. syst. 2. p.
216; Wall.! L. n. 2110; Wight! cat. n. 1032.—Lythrum fruticosum, Linn.
sp. p. 641; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 653 (good).

t 950. (2) G. punctata (Ham.:) branches and flowers erect: leaves pe-
tioled, lanceolate, glabrous: calyx 4 times longer than broad: petals 6: sta-
mens 12.—Sm. in Rees’ cycl. n. 2.

We suspect this to be a variety of the former.

TRIBE 11.—LAGERSTREMIEE. DC.

Lobes of the calyx exactly valvular during zstivation. Seeds expanded into a
membranaceous wing.—Shrubs or trees.

VIII. LAGERSTR(EMIA. Linn.

Calyx bibracteolated at the base, 6-cleft ; lobes distinct ; sinuses rounded.
Petals 6, unguiculate. Stamens 18-30. Capsule surrounded below by the
persistent calyx, 3-6-valved, 3-6-celled.— Trees or shrubs. Branches qua-
drangular. Leaves opposite, quite entire. Peduncles axillary, often forming

a panicle or raceme towards the ends of the branches. Flowers purple or
white. i

* 951. (1) L. Indica (Linn. :) leaves elliptical or ovate, glabrous, paler be-
neath: panicle many-flowered, terminal : calyx even (neither plicate nor tur-
rowed): petals with long claws, much curled: the six outer stamens longer
and thicker than the others : capsule globose, 5—6-celled —DC. prod. 3. p.93;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 603 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 505; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 30; Wall.:

L. n. 2118 ; Wight! cat. n. 1083.—V elaga globosa, Gertn. fr. 1. t. 188.—
Rumph. Amb. 7. t. 98. =<

952. (2) L. parviflora (Roxb.:) leaves from oblong or oval and obtuse to -
ovate and aeute, pale beneath: peduncles axillary, 3-6-flowered: calyx
even: petals flattish, shortly unguiculate: the 6 outer stamens longer
the others: capsule oblong, 3-4-celled.—2 ; under side of the leaves downy:
—Wight ! cat. n. 1034.—L. parviflora, Roxb. ! Cor. 1. p. 48. t. 66; fi, Ind. 2.
p. 505 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 93; Spr. syst. 2. p. 603; Wall: ! L. n. 2119 (partly).
— ; under side of the leaves glabrous.—Wight ! cat. n. 1035.—L. P!

Wall.! L. n. 2119. g, hz ; Circars.—8 ; Courtallum. Neelgherries- 1

953. (3) L. Regine (Roxb.:) leaves oblong, glabrous : panicle terminal :

-calyx tomentose, longitudinally furrowed and plaited: petals orbiculsts
waved, shortly unguiculate : stamens all about equal, broadly ovoid, 6-celled-
Road. Cor. 1. p. 46. t. 65; fl. Ind. 2. p. 505; DC. prod. 3. p. 935 Spr. W,
2. p. 603 ; Wall. L. n. 2114; Wight ! cat. n. 1036.—L. flos-regina, Ret, obt. 3

p. 20, and 5..p. 25.—Adambea glabra, Lam. enc. meth. 1. P- 39.—4v
Mal. 4. t. 20, 21. Circars. Courtallum. Malabar.

T 954. (4) iN hirsuta (Willd. :) leaves oblong, pubescent : panicle co". —

CERATOPHYLLUM. SALICARIEJE. 309

bose, terminal: calyx longitudinally furrowed and plaited.— Willd. sp. 2. p.
1178 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 93 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 603.—Adambea hirsuta, Lam. enc.
meth. 1. p. 39.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 22.—Mountainous places in Mala and Poi-
ga, provinces of Malabar.

This has hitherto been only seen by Rheede, and known by his figure and
description ; Lamarck, and following him, Willdenow and De Candolle, have,
from trusting to the figure, described it with oval flat petals : Rheede, how-
ever, states the flowers to be the same as in L. Regine, and we suspect the
flat petal-like bodies to be an exaggerated representation of the calycine seg-
ments. De Candolle, further, places it among those with the stamens equal,
and if he be correct there would be no character except the pubescence,
which is insufficient. of itself, to distinguish it from L. Regine: but Rheede
says that it differs by having 5 stamens, probably meaning that some are
longer than the others.

"^ 955. (5) L. lanceolata (Wall) — Wall. L. n. 2120. —— Courtallum ;
eyne.

Perhaps this is the same with L. parviflora £: at the same time, there is
the fragment of a specimen in Dr Wight's collection (Wight ! cat. n. 1037 )
with the habit of L. parviflora £, but with the fruit about as large as that of
L. Regine, which may possibly be the same as Heyne’s plant.

Subord. 9. CERATOPHYLLERZ. Gray—Calyx 10-12-partite, lobes
equal. Petals none. Stamens 12-20: anthers ovato-oblong, bilocular,
bicuspidate, sessile. Ovarium free, ovate, 1-celled: ovule solitary,
pendulous : style filiform, oblique : stigma simple. Nut |-celled, inde-
hiscent, terminated by the indurated style. Seed solitary, pendulous.
Albumen none. Embryo straight : radicle superior ; cotyledons deep-
ly bipartite, one of the segments smaller, resembling 4 unequal cotyle-
dons—Aquatic herbs. Leaves verticillate, cut into filiform lobes.

Flowers uni-sexual.

. Much as this suborder differs in appearance from the former, we have the autho-
rity of Richard for uniting them. It must be confessed, however, that their chief
great resemblance lies in the persistent calyx, free from but surrounding the fruit. -

IX. CERATOPHYLLUM. Linn.; Gertn.fr. 1.0.44; Lam. ill. t. 775.

Character the same as of the suborder.

956. (1) C. muricatum (Cham. :) fruit elliptical, slightly compressed, fur-
nished with 3 (or occasionally 4) spines, winged, not gibbous; spines slen-
der, weak ; wing narrow, regularly many-toothed ; sides of the fruit convex,
more or less muricated, particularly towards the apex.—Cham. in Linnea, 4.
p. 504, t. 5. f. 6. c; G. Don, in Mill. dict. 3. p. 706 ; Wight! cat. n. 1038.
We can see no difference between the Indian specimens and the Egyptian
ones described by Chamisso, except that the latter appear to have the fruit a
little more compressed, and its sides less convex. In ours we perceive occa- |

sionally 4 spines, in which case 2 of them are terminal.

957. (2) C. tuberculatum (Cham. :) fruit ellipsoidal, slightly compressed,
not SUR furnished with 8 een wingless ; spines at first slender and
Weak, afterwards strong ; sides of the fruit convex. finely tubercled.—Cham.
in Linnea, 4. p. 504. t. 5. f. 6. d; G. Don, in Mill. dict. 2. p. 106 ; Wight!
eat. n. 1039.—C. Indicum, herb. Willd. n. 17546.—C. demersum, herb. Klein
(partly); Wall.! L. n. 7007 (partly).—C. Missionis, Wal. i. c. (partly).—C.
verticillatum, Roxb.? hort. Bengh. p. 68 ; fl. Ind. 3. p. 624.

310 RHIZOPHOREZ. RuizorHoRA.

958. (3) C. Missionis (Wall.:) fruit ellipsoidal, slightly compressed, not
gibbous, furnished with 3 spines, winged ; spines elongated, lateral ones flat-
tened; the wing broader downwards and decurrent along the base of the
spines, with a few irregular teeth : sides of the fruit convex, finely tubercled.
—Wall.! L. n. 7007 (partly); Wight! cat. n. 1040.—C. demersum, herb.
Klein !—Myriophyllum Indicum, Wall. ! L. n. 6338. c. à

This and the last do not appear to have been distinguished by the Mission-
aries: at least the specimen sent by Klein to Willdenow belongs to the one,
while those from his (or the Madras) herbarium before us have the fruit of
the present species: except in the presence or absence of the wing there is,
however, no difference, and we have merely separated them in deference to
Chamisso's observations on the genus. Perhaps the whole three species
ought to be combined as varieties under Roxburgh's name of C. verticillatum,
characterized as a species by the ellipsoidal tubercled or muricated 3-spined
not gibbous fruit.

ORDER LIX.—RHIZOPHOREJE. R. Brown.

Calyx 4—13-lobed : wstivation valvate, or sometimes calyptriform.
Petals inserted on the ealyx, alternate with the lobes, and equal to
them in number. Stamens inserted with the petals, twice or several
times as many : filaments distinct : anthers erect, straight, or incurved.
Ovarium adherent to the calyx, 2-celled, or 1-celled with a central co-
lumella : ovules 2 in each cell, or several when 1-celled, pendulous.
Fruit indehiscent, 1-celled. Seed pendulous, solitary. Albumen none.
Radicle long: cotyledons flat.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves simple, op-
posite, with stipules between the petioles.

I. RHIZOPHORA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 45 ; Lam. ill. t. 396.

Tube of the calyx obovate, coherent with the ovary; limb divided into :
oblong persistent segments. Petals as many as the segments of the calyx,
oblong, emarginate, coriaceous, conduplieate, and when young embracing the
alternate stamens, the margins each with a double row of long woolly hairs.
Stamens twice as many as the petals, alternating with them: anthers nearly
sessile, large, linear-oblong. Ovary 2-celled, with 2 ovules in each cell.
Style conical, short, 2-furrowed. Stigma 2-toothed. Fruit ovate or oblong;
crowned near the base with the persistent segments of the calyx, longer than
the tube, at length perforated at the apex by the radicle of the germinating
embryo.—Trees, with quite entire leaves and axillary inflorescence.

959. (1) R. Candelaria (DC.:) leaves oval, cuspidate: peduncles 3-6-
flowered: germinating embryo subulate-clavate, acute.-—DC. prod. 3. p- 32;
Wall.! L. n. 4978 ; Wight! cat. n. 1041.—R. mangle, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 499.
—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 84 ; Rumph Amb. 3. t. 71, 7 s

3 .

HL KANDELIA.—Rhizophora $ Kandelia. DC.

Tube of the calyx campanulate, coherent with the ovary ; limb divided 1n-
to 5-6 linear persistent segments. Petals as many as the segments of the ca-
lyx, membranaccous, linear at the base, cleft to below the middle into nume-
rous capillary segments, glabrous. Stamens numerous, 6-8 times as many 45
the petals; filaments subulate, as long as the calygine segments 5 anthers

Brvueviera. RHIZOPHORE. 311

small, linear oblong. Ovary 1-celled, ovules 6, pendulous from the top of a
central columella. Style filiform. Stigma small, 3-toothed. Fruit oblong,
longer than the tube of the calyx, crowned near the base by its segments, at
length perforated by the germinating embryo.—Shrubs with quite entire
leaves, and axillary inflorescence.

960. (1) K. Rheedei (W. & A. :) leaves linear-oblong, obtuse ; 2-3-choto-
mous, 4-9-flowered: germinating embryo subulate-clavate, acute.— Wight!
cat. n. 1042.—Rhizophora Candel, Linn. sp. p. 634; DC. prod. 3. p. 32; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 235 ; Wall.! L. n. 4976.— Rheed. Mal, 6. t. 35.

HI. BRUGUIERA. Lam. ill. t. 397 (not of Pet. Thouars).

Calyx-tube turbinate, cohering with the ovary: limb divided into 5-13
persistent segments. Petals as many as the calycine segments, oblong, bifid,
coriaceous, conduplicate, each embracing two stamens, woolly along the mar-
gin. Stamens twice as many as petals, and inserted by pairs opposite to
them: filaments unequal, half the length of the petals: anthers linear or sa-
gittate. Ovary 2-4-celled ; ovules 2 in each cell. Style nearly the length of
the stamens. Stigma 2—4-toothed. Fruit contained within the tube of the
calyx, crowned at the apex by its segments (rarely longer than the tube
with the segments around its base 2), at length perforated by the germina-
ting embryo.— Trees or shrubs with quite entire leaves, and axillary inflo-

rescence.

To this genus bel Rhizophora Timoriensis, DC. R. lloides, Jack,
R. parviflora. Roth e perhaps R. sexangula, Lour. Roxburgh represents his R.
decandra (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1140) with the fruit as in Rhizophora, but the flower
as in Bruguiera : in the Flora Indica he has omitted this species entirely: his draw-
ing may have therefore been afterwards considered by him as erroneous.

961. (1) B. gymnorhiza (Lam. :) leaves ovate-oblong, acuminated at both
ends : asoseler solitary, 1-flowered, drooping: calyx about 12-cleft: seg-
ments linear, acuminated, triquetrous towards the point : petals 2-lobed,
with about 5 short bristles: ovary 9-4-celled: germinating embryo some-
what cylindric, tapering towards each end.—Lam, ill. t. 391; Spr. syst. 2. p.
602 ; Wight! cat. n. 1043.—Rhizophora gymnorhiza, Linn. sp. p. 634; DC.
yap 3. p. 33 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 460; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1246 ; Wall. !

n. 4874,

+962. (2) B. cylindrica (W. & A.) leaves oval, acuminated at both ends:
peduncles 1-2-flowered : calyx 8-cleft ; segments oblong-acute, flat: germi-
nating embryo cylindrie, obtuse.—Rhizophora cylindrica, Linn. sp. P. 634 ;
DC. prod. 3. p. 82 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 285.—Rheed. Mal. 6. t. 33. o

We are not aware that this has been seen by any modern botanist. - Rox-
burgh enumerates a species under the name of RA. cylindrica, in his hort.
Benghalensis, but we suspect the plant he intended is Rh. parviflora of the fl.

Indica, a species apparently only distinguishable from B. cylindrica by the
more numerously flowered peduncles. t i

IV. CARALLIA. Roab. ; DC.—Baraldeia, Pet. Th. ; DC.

Calyx-tube somewhat globose, 5-7-lobed ; lobes short, triangular. Petals
as many as the lobes of the calyx, unguiculate. “Stamens twice as many as
the petals. Ovary globose, adnate to the calyx, crowned with a glandular
ring between the calyx and the style, 1-celled with 1-3 ovules (Roxr.), or
5 celled with 2 ovules in each cell. Style about as long as the stamens. Stig-

312 COMBRETACEA. TERMINALIA,

ma large, peltate. Fruit indehiscent, baccate, 1-celled, reniform.—Evergreen
glabrous trees. Leaves shining above, serrated or toothed, somewhat. rigid,
Peduncles axillary, thick, short, rigid, about twice bifid or trifid, several-
flowered. $

We have not seen any of the three described species, and have therefore taken our
character from a combination of these given by others. Several points, however, re-
quire to be re-examined: 1. Whether the ovary of C. lucida be really 1-celled with
several ovules, or whether it be 3-celled with solitary ovules, or lastly, if it beactual-
Scaled with two ovules in each, being then more analogous to C. lanceolata? 2.

hat is the structure of the fruit of C. lanceolata? 3. W at is the structure of the
ovary, stigma, and fruit, of C. Barraldeia (Bar. madagascariensis, DC.)? 4. The
number of seeds in the fruit, and whether or not there be albumen.— Probably this
genus, with Cassipourea, ought to form a distinct suborder: neither appear to grow
in salt-water marshes, nor to have the seed germinating within the fruit, as in the
true Rhizophoree, between which and Salicariee they would thus form the link.

963. (1) C. lucida (Roxb. :) leaves oval, acuminated, finely serrated: petals
6-7, roundish, entire, waved on the margin, much larger than the segments
of the calyx: stigma concave, 3-lobed.— Rozb. Cor. 3. t. 211; fl. Ind. 2.
p. 481 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 33 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 460 ; Wall. L. n. 4890.

ORDER LX.—COMBRETACEJ/E. R. Brown.

Calyx 4—5-lobed, lobes deciduous. Petals alternate with the lobes,
or wanting. Stamens twice as many as the lobes, rarely equal in num-
ber to them or thrice as many : filaments distinct, subulate : anthers bi-
locular, bursting longitudinally. Ovarium coherent with the tube of
the calyx, 1-celled : ovules 2-5, pendulous from the apex of the cavity :
style 1, slender: stigma simple. Fruit drupaceous, baccate, or nut-
like, 1-celled, indehiscent, often winged. Seed solitary (by abortion),
pendulous. Albumen none. Radicle superior: cotyledons usually
leafy and either convolute or variously folded, sometimes fleshy and

plano-convex.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, exsti-
pulate.

TRIBE L. —TERMINALIEE. DC.
s eft. Petals usually wanting. Stamens 8-10. Cotyledons spirally con-

I. TERMINALIA. Linn.

Flowers often polygamous from abortion. Limb of the calyx deciduous,
campanulate, 5-cleft, the lobes acute. Petals wanting. Stamens 10, in
double row, longer than the calyx. Ovary 2-3-ovuled. Style filiform, some-
what acute. Drape not crowned by the calyx, often dry, indehiscent, 1-
seeded. Seed almond-like. Cotyledons spirally convolute.— Trees or shrubs.
Leaves alternate or rarely Opposite, sometimes crowded towards the extre-
mities of the branches. Flowers spiked: spikes racemose or panicled, bi-
sexual in the lower part of the spike, male in the upper.

$ 1. Drupe compressed, winged or much attenuated at the margins.—Catappa,
Gertn. fr. t. 127, 217.— Terminalia, Lam. ill. t. 848.

964. (1) T. angustifolia (Jacq. :) leaves linear-lanceolate, somewhat repand,
attenuated at both ends, the under side and the petioles pubescent or hairy :

‘TERMINanta. COMBRETACEJE. 313

glands 2, at the apex of the petiole: drupes compressed, 2-winged, gibbous
on one side.—Jacq. hort. Vind. 3. t. 100; DC. prod. 3. p. 11.—T. Benzoin,
Linn. ; Spr. syst.2. p. 358.—Croton Benzoe, Linn. mant.—Catappa Benzoin,
Gertn. fr. 2. t. 127.

965. (2) T. Catappa (Linn.) leaves about the extremities of the branchlets,
short petioled, obovate, cuneate and attenuated but at the same time slightly
cordate at the base, a little repand, with a large depressed gland beneath on
each side of the midrib near the base: racemes axillary, solitary, simple,
shorter than the leaves: drupe oval, compressed, glabrous, with elevated na-
vicular margins, convex on both sides.—2«; leaves softly pubescent beneath.
—T. Catappa, Linn. Mant. p. 519 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 11 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 359;
Lam, ill. t. 848. f. 1.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 3, 4—8; adult leaves glabrous on
both sides.— Wight / cat. n. 1044.—T. Catappa, Roxb. ft. Ind. 2. p. 430; in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 1002 ; Blume bijdr. ned. Ind. p. 640; Wall.! L. n. 3975.—
T. moluecana, Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 849 ; Willd. sp. 4. p. 968; DC. prod. 3.
P. 11; Spr. syst. 2. p. 859.—T. myrobalana, Roth, nov. sp. p. 378.—T. subcor-
data, Willd. sp. 4. p. 968; Spr. syst. 2. p. 359.—T. intermedia, Spr. syst. 2.
p. 359.—Juglans Catappa, Lour.—Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 68.

We have not seen T. Moluccana of Wall. L. n. 3969.

$2. Drupe ovate, even or obscurely angled.—Myrobolanus, Gertn. fr.2.t. 97 ;
Lam. ill. t. 849.—Badamia, Gertn. l. c.

966. (3) T. Belerica (Roxb. :) leaves about the extremities of the branch-
lets, long-petioled, obovate, obtuse, or shortly acuminated, quite entire, gla-
brous above and usually also beneath: spikes axillary, solitary, almost the
length of the leaves: bisexual flowers sessile ; male shortly pedicellate, with
à large hairy glandular disk in the bottom of the calyx: drupe obovate, ob-
seurely 5-angled, fleshy, covered with a grayish silky down.— Roa. Cor. 2.
1.198; fl. Ind. 2. p. 431; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1720; DC. prod. 3. p. 12;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 358; Wail. L. n. 3968; Wight! cat. n. 1045.—T. punetata,
Roth, nov. sp. p. 381; DC. prod. 3. p. 18.—Myrobalanus Bellirica, Breyn. ;
Gertn. fr. 2. t. 97. :

, Roxburgh describes the petiole with “two opposite glands at the upper
side of the apex, and sometimes near the base,” which we have not been able
to observe on any of our specimens. The presence or absence of glands,
however, and of pubescence, as Roth has already observed, is only of secon-
dary importance. 7. Moluccana of Roxburgh, and probably of Blume (but
not of Lamarck), is allied to this: it has precisely the same kind of fruit and
=S flowers, but the petioles are short giving quite a different aspect to the
plant. ?

967. (4) T. Chebula (Retz :) leaves nearly opposite, shortly petioled, ovate
or oblong, acutish or obtuse, obtuse or cordate at the base, quite entire, when
young clothed particularly above with glossy silky hairs, adult ones ram
and sometimes glaucous, upper surface inconspicuously dotted, under closely
retieulated with purplish veins : glands one on each side at the apex of the pe-
tiole, with occasionally some additional ones on the margin towards the base
of the leaf: spikes terminal, often panicled: drupe oval (about 14 inch long
by an inch in diameter), glabrous ; nut irregularly and obscurely es
Retz, obs. 5. p. 31; DC. prod. 2. p. 12; Spr. syst. 2. p. 359 ; Roxb. E
t. 197 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 433; Wall.! L. n. 3967; Wight! cat. n. 1046.— T. re-
ticulata, Roth, nov. sp. p. 381 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 13.—T. Myrobalanus citrina,
Feng, Mclanoxylon Cadika-marum, Koen.—Myrobalanus Chebula, Gertn. $

P. t. 97. fm. Wines

„From this T. citrina, Roxb. (who quotes Geertn. fr. 2. t. 97. n-s), is said to
differ by the leaves between oblong and broad-lanceolate tapering at the base,
the drupe oblong-lanceolate (2 inches long by gds of an inch in diameter),

314 COMBRETACE X. TERMINALIA.

and the nut oblong and deeply 5-grooved : this last character is however not
supported by Geertner’s figure, while his M. Chebula above referred to appears
to have the nut deeply 5-furrowed. We are inclined to place less depend-
ence on the grooves of the nut than on the shape of the fruit itself, if indeed
both are not, along with the following, varieties of the same plant.

t 968. (5) T. Travencorensis (W. & A.:) tender parts hairy ; leaves narrow-
lanceolate, acuminated, when young clothed with much ferruginous hair:
drupe oval.—T. angustifolia, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 437 ; Wall.? L. n. 3971.——
Tinnevelley and Travancore ; Mr G. Young.

“ The fruit is so much like the Chebula myrabolans, as scarcely to be dis-
tinguished from it, and they possess the same sensible qualities. "—Rox».

$ 3..Drupes coriaceous, ovate, produced regularly with 5-7 equal longitudinal
wings.—Pentaptera, Roxb.

t 969. (6) T. Berryi (W. & A.:) bark smooth: branches drooping: leaves
nearly opposite, from lanceolate to linear-oblong, glabrous, with two sessile
glands on the margins of the apex of the short petiole at its junction with the
leaf: spikes terminal, somewhat panicled.—Pentaptera angustifolia, Roab. fl.
Ind. 2. p. 437. Balla-ghaut mountains ; Dr A. Berry.

We do not observe this in Wallich’s List, although Dr Roxburgh states
that it bears flowers and fruit in the Calcutta Botanic Garden. The glands
from being on the petiole, not on the under side of the leaf, are perceptible
when viewed on either surface: and by this character it is said to differ from
T. ( Pent.) Arjuna, Roxb., which it most resembles.

970. (7) T. crenulata (W. & A.:) bark rugose: leaves nearly opposite,
oblong, acute, crenulated, glabrous, with 1 or 2 cyathiform glands on the
midrib on the under side far above the base.—Pentaptera crenulata, Roxb.
Jl. Ind. 2. p. 488.— Coromandel ; Dr A. Berry. ep
~ We suspect this not to be at all distinct from 7’. glabra. Dr Wallich does
not refer to it in his List. :

971. (8) T. glabra (W. & A.:) bark smooth: leaves nearly opposite, nar-
row oblong, from subcordate to slightly cuneate at the base, obtuse or acute at
the apex, entire or crenulated, glabrous on both sides, often reddish beneath,
with some nearly sessile umbilicated glands towards the base of the midrib.
— Wight! eat. n. 1047.—T. crenulata, Roth, nov. sp. p. 380.—T. cuneata,
Roth ? nov. sp, p. 379.—Pentaptera glabra, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 440; in E. £
C. mus. tab. 124 ; Wail. L. n. 3979.—P. obovata, DC. prod. 3. p. 1 ehe
crenulata, DC. /. c. p. 15.—P. cuneata, DC. ? 1. c. p. 14.

972. (9) T. tomentosa (W. & A.:) bark deeply cracked : leaves nearly op-
posite, linear-oblong, obtuse, somewhat cordate at the base, crenulate, pu-
bescent but finally glabrous above, tomentose or pubescent beneath,
some thick stalked turbinate elands on the midrib near the base: fruit
brous.— Wight ! cat. n. 1048.—T. elliptica, Willd. ? sp. 4. p. 969; DC.?

8. p. 13; Spr.? syst. 2. p. 358.—T. alata, Roth, nov. sp. p. 879.—P. tomen"
tosa, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 440 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 125 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 14;
Wall.! L. n. 3978. ;

Dr Wallich suspects this to be a variety of the last, and indeed there
is no difference of any consequence between them, and the following ®*
We are not inclined to trust much to the glands being stalked or
Our specimens from Dr Wallich (Wall. L, n. 3978, g) have the leaves —
shaggy beneath, yet De Candolle, Roth, and even Roxburgh, attribute gon
only pubescent leaves. We have therefore, along with Dr Wallich, an L
absence of fruit, referred n. 1048 of Wight’s Catalogue, the same as Wi ove’
n. 3978. c (the leaves being shortly velvetty beneath), to this species 9^7 —
of to T. coriacea ; we doubt much also that the fruit being canescent oT

GxTonia. COMBRETACEJE. 315

brous ought to afford sufficient grounds of distinction. What renders the
Whole more ambiguous is the numerous typographical errors observable in
the descriptions of these species in the Flora Indica.

973. (10) T. coriacea (W. & A.:) bark deeply cracked: leaves nearly op-
posite, short-petioled, coriaceous, oval, cordate at the base, hard above,
hoary and soft beneath, with 1 or 2 sessile turbinate glands at or near the
base of the midrib: spikes panicled: nut hoary.—Pentaptera coriacea, Rowb.
, fl. Ind. 2. p. 438. i

§ 4. Drupes coriaceous, produced into 3-5 unequal wings.—Chuncoa, Pav.—
Gimbernatia, Ruiz & Pav.

974. (11) T. paniculata (W. & A.:) branches diverging : leaves nearly op-
posite, linear-oblong, with a cordate base, acute or obtuse at the apex, quite
entire, coriaceous, rugose above, with sessile umbilicate glands beneath near
the base: spikes forming a compound panicle : drupe with 1 large and 2 small
wings.—2 ; leaves glabrous.— Wight ! cat. n. 1049.—Pentaptera paniculata,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 442 ; DC. prod. 3. p.14; Wall. ! L. n. 3980.— ; leaves
pubescent, hairy, or tomentose.—T. monaptera, Roth, nov. sp. p. 382; DC.
prod. 3. p. 13.— T. paniculata, Roth ? I. c. p. 383; DC. ? I. c.

IL. GETONIA. Rowb.; Gertn. fr. 3. t. 217.—Calycopteris, Lam. ill. t. 357.

Limb of the calyx persistent, campanulate, 5-partite almost to the base,
the lobes lanceolate and 3-nerved. Petals none. Stamens 10, protruded,
shorter than the calycine segments, arranged in a double row, some inserted
on the sinus of the lobes, others into the bottom of the calyx : anthers globose,
didymous. Style filiform, pubescent, obtuse. Fruit a small dry crustaceous
drupe (resembling a nut or seed), ovate-oblong, roundish pentagonal, crown-
ed by the calyx, 1-celled, l-seeded.—Climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite,
shortly petioled, resinous-dotted beneath, young ones villous or tomentose
particularly on the under side.

975. (1) G. floribunda (Roxb.:) panicles erect : stamens as long as the seg-
ments 3 ui ore Cor. M 87; fl. Ind.2. p. 428 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 360 ;
Roth, nov. sp. p. 216; Wall.! L. n. 4013; Wight! cat. n. 1050.—G. nitida,
Roth, l. c. p. 217.—Calycopteris floribunda, Lam. ? ill. t, 357; Poir.* enc.
meth. suppl. 2. p. 41. $

De Candolle, relying principally on the leaves being more glabrous, has re-
ferred G. nitida, Roth, to G. nutans of Roxburgh, a species which has not
been found on the Peninsula. We have specimens before us from Heynes
herbarium exactly agreeing with Roth’s character, but they are wa by
Heyne, and properly so, with the more tomentose states of the plant. » A
nutans, Roxb., the panicles are drooping and the stamina about océans pr
the length of the tube of the calyx: but Dr Wallich has expressed doubts
even this be distinct from G. floribunda.

III. CONOCARPUS. Gertn. fr. 2. t. VIT.

_ Flowers agpregated on a common globular receptacle. Tube of the calyx as
short as or longer than the ovary, persistent : limb 5-cleft, deciduous. Petals
none. Stamens 5-10, exserted : anthers cordate: ovary compressed, 2-ovuled.
Style 1, simple. Fruits coriaceous, scale-like, closely imbricated, indehis-
cent. Cotyledons spirally convolute.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or
rarely nearly opposite, quite entire. Heads of flowers peduncled.

316 | A COMBRETACE X. — Lexsmzsma.

$ 1. Tube of the calyx slender, much produced beyond the ovary, and resembling
a pedicel to the limb: stamens 10: fruit imbricated upwards, produced at
the apex into a long beak (the persistent calyx-tube).—Anogeissus, DC.

976. (1) C. latifolia (Roxb.:) leaves without glands, elliptieal or obovate,
obtuse or emarginate, glabrous: peduncles branched,: bearing several heads
of flowers, or very short with the heads densely ageregated.—« ; peduncles
conspicuous.— Wight! cat. n. 1051.—C. latifolia, Roxb. Jf. . Ind. 2. p. 442;
DC. prod. 3. p. 17.—Andersonia altissima, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 19.—
Anogeissus latifolius, Wall.! L. n. 4015.—8 ; partial peduncles very short ;
heads of flowers aggregated.— Wight ! cat. n. 1097.

977. (2) C. acuminatus (Roxb. :) leaves without glands, oval or oblong-
lanceolate, acute; when young pubescent, adult ones glabrous: peduncles
simple, with one head of flowers.— Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 443; DC. prod. 3.
p. 17; Wight! cat. n. 1052.—Andersonia acuminata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 20.—A. lanceolata, Rott. ; Heyne.—Anogeissus acuminatus, Wall.! L.
n. 4014. ;

IV. LUMNITZERA. Willd. (not Jacq.)—Pyrrhanthus. Jack.—Petaloma.
Roxb. (not Swartz).—Bruguiera. Pet.- Thouars (not Lam.)

Limb of the calyx persistent, produced beyond the ovary, tubular-campa-
nulate, 5-cleft ; segments rounded, often unequal. Petals 5, acute, inserted
on the calyx, twice as long as its limb, spreading or at length recurved.
Stamens 5-10, erect 3 filaments subulate. Ovary oblong, compressed, 1-
celled, with 3-5 pendulous ovules. Style subulate. Stigma acute. Drupe
clove-shaped, ovate-oblong, more or less compressed, bluntly angled, crown-
ed with the thick persistent calyx: nut linear-oblong, angled, 1-seeded.
Cotyledons convolute.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate, cuneate-obovate,
retuse or emarginate, attenuated at the base into a very short petiole, ob-
tusely crenated or often quite entire, glabrous, thick and somewhat fleshy,
almost veinless. Spikes short, generally simple, axillary and solitary, or ter-
minal and corymbose. Flowers white or red, with two very short bracteoles
about the middle of the ovary, and one at the base.

The proportion of parts of the flower, if we can trust to Rheede, is occasionall
quaternary: but this must be comparatively of rare occurrence, as neither Roxburg
or Jack appear ever to have seen it so.

978. (1) L. racemosa (Willd.:) spikes axillary : 5 stamens longer than the
other alternating ones, about the length of the (white) petals.— Willd. nov. ac.
act. nat. cur. Berol. 4. p. 186; DC. prod. 3. p. 22.—Jussieua racemosa, Rottl.

—Petaloma alternifolia, Rowb, Jl. Ind. 2. p. 372.—Combretum alternifolium,

herb. Madr.—Pyrrhanthus albus, Wail.! L. n. 4019.—Bruguiera M.
cariensis, DC. prod. 3. p. 23, isqualis sp. Spr. gen. hea oen Hal.
Mal. 6. t. 37. ——In salt marshes in the southern provinces, and Malabar
(abundant at Warapoli), growing among the species of Rhizophora.
Although Rheede only describes 5 Stamens, yet Roxburgh, Petit-Thouars,
and Willdenow, concur in attributing to this species 5 ta o as the petals,
alternating with other 5 that are rather shorter: it is possible, however, ps
some or all of the latter may sometimes be abortive. In the allied L. cocet-
nea, W. & A. (Pyrrhanthus littoreus, Jack. in Mal. misc. 2. p. 57, and Wall.
L. n. 4018), the stamens are twice as long as the crimson petals, and vary
from 5 to 10, 7 being the most frequent number: in that species the spikes

are terminal and somewhat corymbose. Perhaps, as Dr Wallich suggests,

the two ought to be conjoined.

|
1
|

Porvrea. COMBRETACEX. 317

V. POIVREA. Comm.

Limb of the calyx infundibuliform, 5-lobed, deciduous. Petals 5. Sta-
mens 10, protruded. Ovary 2-3-ovuled. Style filiform, protruded, acute.
Fruit oval or oblong, or 5-winged. Seed solitary, pendulous, 5-angled.
Cotyledons irregularly convolute.—Usually climbing shrubs. Leaves oppo-
site or alternate, quite entire. Spikes axillary and terminal. Bracteoles so-
litary under the flowers. :

979. (1) P. Roxburghii (DC.:) unarmed, scandent: young parts villous:
leaves opposite, oval-oblong, acuminated, when old glabrous: spikes termi-
nal and axillary, panicled: bracteoles lanceolate: calyx turbinately campa-
nulate: petals ovate, mucronate: stamens short: fruit membranously 5-
winged.— DC. prod. 3. p. 185 Wight! cat. n. 1053.—Combretum Roxburghii,
Spr. syst. 2. p. 331.—C. decandrum, Roxb. (not Jacq.) Cor. 1. t. 59; fl. Ind.
2. p. 232; Wall.! L. n. 4009.

To this genus also belongs P. pilosa, W. &. A., or Comb. pilosum, Roxb.,
Wall. ! L. n. 4005 ; Comb. squamosum, Roxb., is said, by Mr G. Don in Linn.
soc. trans. 15. p. 438, to have 5 petals and calycine segments: we only ob-
serve 4, nor does Roxburgh mention more.

TRIBE Il.—COMBRETER. DC.

Calyx 4-5-cleft. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10. Cotyledons usually thick, plano-
Poen or irregularly and longitudinally plaited; or thin, foliaceous and intricately

VI. COMBRETUM. Loef.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 36.

Calyx funnel-shaped ; tube as short as or longer than the ovary: limb
campanulate, 4-lobed, deciduous. Petals 4, inserted between the lobes of
the calyx. Stamens 8, in two rows, four being opposite to the petals and in-
serted rather higher up and longer than the others. Ovary 2-5-ovuled.
Style exserted, acute. Fruit 4-winged, 1-celled, 1-seeded, indehiscent.
Seed pendulous. Cotyledons variously folded or plaited, often emarginate
or 2-lobed.—Shrubs or trees more or less scandent. Leaves often opposite,
quite entire, Spikes terminal and axillary, sometimes panicled.

980. (1) C. ovalifolium (Roxb. :) climbing, glabrous: leaves opposite, ovate
or elliptical, obtuse or slightly acute, roundish at the base, paler beneath,
minutely dotted above: spikes axillary and terminal, the latter arranged in
panicles, peduncled, short, oblong or almost globose : rachis and calyx e

ent: bracteoles minute, scale-like : tube of the calyx not longer
ovary with which it coheres: limb cleft to the middle, with a hairy ring be-
low the insertion of the stamens ; segments triangular-ovate, reflexed ; petals
elliptic-oblong, retuse, about the length of the calyx-segments; wings of the
fruit glabrous, semicircular—Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 226 ; Wight! cat. n. 1054.—
C. laxum, herb. Madr.! (not Jacq. nor Rowb.)—C. Heyneanum, Wall.! L.
^. 4001 ; Wight! in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 86. suppl. tab. 22.—C. albidum,
G. Don in Linn. soc. trans. 15. p. 429 (excl. syn. Rowb.)—C. Roxburghii, G.

> l. e.— -Coromandel.

981. (2) C. Wightianum (Wall.:) climbing, glabrous: leaves opposite,
à elliptic-obovate, usually with a short sudden acumination, coriaceous, shining
above : spikes axillary, on longish peduncles, elongated (longer than the
leaves), lax: rachis and calyx pubescent: bracteoles obsolete or resembling
minute tubercles: tube of the calyx 2-3 times longer than the ovary; limb
cleft to the middle, with a hairy ring below the insertion of the stamens ;
Segments triangular-ovate, acute, recurved : petals elliptic-oblong, emargi-

318 COMBRETACE A. QUISQUALIS.

nate, about half as long as the lobes of the calyx.—Wall.! L. n. 4007;
Wight! cat. n. 1055.—C. laxum, Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 231 (not Jacq.) —Rheed.
Mal. 7. t. 28. :

VIL QUISQUALIS. Rumph.; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 357.

Tube of the calyx slender, produced much beyond the ovarium, deciduous,
the limb 5-cleft. Petals 5, oval-oblong, obtuse, longer than the calycine
teeth. Stamens 10, protruded, inserted into the throat of the calyx, alter-
nately shorter. Ovary oval-oblong, 4-ovuled. Style filiform, obtuse, ex-
serted, cohering with the tube of the calyx. Drupe dry, 5-furrowed, acutely
5-angled. Seed solitary, pendulous, 5-angled. Cotyledons thick, fleshy,
plano-convex.—Shrubs with somewhat scandent branches. Leaves opposite
or occasionally alternate, quite entire, ovate. Spikes axillary and terminal.

982. (1) Q. Indica (Linn.:) young branches densely pubescent: leaves
ovate, rounded or slightly cordate at the base, when young more or less vil-
lous or pubescent, afterwards almost glabrous: bracteas ovate-rhomboid,
acuminated, slightly hairy, partieularly on the margin: flowerslax; petals
oval-oblong, clothed externally with close-pressed pubescence.—DC. prod. 3.

p. 23; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 426; Wall.! L. n. 4010; Wight! cat. n. 1056. =-

—Q. pubescens, Burm. Ind. p. 104. t. 35. f. 2; Spr. syst. 2. p. 331.—Q.
glabra, Burm. l. c. t. 28. f. 2; DC. l c.; Spr. l. c. p. 832.—Q. Loureiri, G.
Don in Mill. dict, 2. p. 667.—Q. villosa, Roxb. ft. Ind. 2. p. 420 ; DC. L c3
Spr. L c. p. 331.—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 38.

The pubescence on the leaves and bracteas varies much according to the lo-
cality from which the specimen was obtained, and the age of the plant: the
shape of the leaves, as is obvious from the numerous specimens before us both
from China and the Peninsula, varies from cordate-ovate and almost obtuse,
to oblong and acuminated. We have referred to Roxburgh’s Q. villosa, on `
the faith of a specimen from Pegu in the Banksian herbarium. Q. densiflora,

Wall.! L. n. 4011, appears a very distinct species, and perhaps the only other ~
one of the genus.

ORDER LXL—MEMECYLEJE. DC.

Calyx 4—5-lobed or toothed: the limb striated in the bottom on the
inside. Petals 4-5, alternate with the sepals, imbricated into the form
of a cone during wstivation. Stamens twice as many as the petals:
filaments distinct, in xstivation almost wanting: anthers curved, 2-
celled, opening by 2 short clefts, during zstivation pointing downwards
towards the bottom of the limb of the calyx, afterwards by the elonga-
tion of the filaments erect: connectivum produced below the cells into —
a kind of beak. Ovarium 1-celled, coherent with the tube of the
calyx: ovules 4—10, erect, seated at the base of the cell: style l, fili-
form: stigma simple. Fruit baccate, crowned by the limb of the
calyx, usually from abortion l-celled. Seeds nut-like, often solitary
from abortion, erect: testa crustaceous. Albumen none. Radicle
curved downwards: cotyledons foliaceous, crumpled and wrapped up;
the one round the other, into the form of a little ball.—Shrubs. Leaves
opposite, simple, entire, without stipules or dots, feather-nerved or
rarely 3-nerved,

Memecyion. MEMECYLE. 319

I. MEMECYLON. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 284; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 127, 179.—
Valikaha. Adans.—Scutia. Lour.

Limb of the calyx small, obtusely 4-toothed or repand, or almost entire.
Petals 4, oval. Stamens 8, usually longer than the petals: anther-cells open-
ing by a short cleft at the end next the beak.—Shrubs. Branches knotty at
the origin of the leaves; young branches usually 4-angled. Leaves when
young seldom truly 3-nerved, usually feather-nerved, the divarieating nerves
being often confluent near the margin, and forming apparently two lateral
ones ; adult ones coriaceous, exhibiting only a midrib, the other nerves being
concealed within the substance of the leaf.

In one or two species the parts of the flowers occasionally follow the quinary ar-
rangement ; and then we scarcely know of any character to distinguish Mouriria
Jussieu. In all the species of Memecylon which we have examined, the anthers open
near the junction of the beak or produced part of the connectivum : in Mouriria Gui
nensis, the only species we have seen, the dehiscence takes place at the extremity ;
or in other words, the clefts in Memecylon are at the base, in Mouriria at the apex,
of the anther. It remains, however, yet to be ascertained, if this difference of struc-
ture be common to all the species of each genus respectively. Both genera have
been described with several cells to the fruit; and De Candolle has obviously mis-
taken in Memecylon the testa of the seed for the nucleus of the fruit: Gertner’s de-
scription is correct. The structure of the seed of Mouriria is yet unknown: the
ovary and ovules are certainly as in Memecylon ; in both, after the expansion of the
flower-bud, several ovules immediately become abortive and often disappear: of
others the remains may be traced even when the fruit is almost ripe.

983. (1) M. ramiflorum (Lam. :) branches terete: leaves shortly petioled,
ovate or oblong, retuse or obtuse or slightly acute, ]-nerved ; peduncles
axillary and below the leaves on the older branches, inerassed at the apex,
and forming a kind of small receptacle, sometimes wanting with the recep-
tacle sessile: pedicels 1-flowered, fascicled on the receptacle, each springing
from a small sessile cup-shaped scale or bractea: stamens elongated: style
about twice the length of the filaments: fruit 1-seeded.—Lam. enc. meth, 4.
».8; DC. prod. 3. p. 6; Wight ! cat. n. 1057,—M. umbellatum, Gertn, fr. 2.
t. 127. f. 4; Blume? s Wall.? L.n. 4109.—Melaleuca bicolor, Poir. enc. meth.
suppl. 3. p. 624.— Burm. Zeyl. t. 81. i :

Burmann, in his figure of this and of M. capitellatum, has only noticed 4
Stamens, thereby leading Linnseus and others to refer t. 31. to the very diffe-
Tent Samara læta.

984. (2) M. tinctorium (Koen.:) arborescent, branches terete : leaves

shortly petioled ovate or oblong, 1-nerved: peduncles axillary and below the
leaves on the older branches, Lena: a more or less compound corymb of
pedicellate flowers: stamens shortish : style about the length of the stamens :
fruit globose, crowned with the 4-toothed limb of the calyx: fruit 1—
—2; leaves obtuse or retuse.— Wight / cat. n. 1058.—M. tinctorium, Willd.
sp. 2. p. 847 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 235.—M. edule, Roxb. Cor. 1. t. 82 ; fl. Ind. 2.
p. 260; DC. prod. 3. p. 65 Wall.! L. n. 4101.—5 ; leaves more or less au-
minated.— Wight ! cat. n. 1059.—Rheed. Mal. 5, t. 19. OR

We possess the second variety also from Perion : it may perhaps be Smith’s
M. ovatum, or De Candolle's M. laxiflorum, but the inflorescence of both of
these species is too vaguely described to permit us to refer to them with any
kind of certainty. Roxburgh’s figure (Cor. 1. t. 82) is somewhat between the
two varieties, having leaves more ovate than is usual in z, and not so taper-
Pointed as in 5. The peduncles vary from about a line to upwards of an
Inch in length.

985. (3) M. Heyneanum (Benth :) branches terete: leaves petioled, lan-
Ceolate, much scanpuated: sonoma aggregated, axillary or on the older

320 MEMECYLES. MEMECYLON.

branches below the leaves, about the length of the petiole, each bearing an
umbel of pedicellate flowers, the pedicels about as long as the peduncle:
stamens and style about equal in length, short.— Wall.! L. n. 4102 ; Wight!
cat. n. 1060.

T 986. (4) M. grande (Retz :) arborescent, branches terete: leaves ovate,
much acuminated (half a foot long) : peduncles axillary, alternate, 4—5-cleft,
branches many-flowered.— Retz, obs. 4. p. 26 ; DC.? prod. 8. p. 6 ; Spr. syst.
2. p. 235 ; Wall.? L. n. 4103.

De Candolle describes the leaves with a short petiole, but of this Retz makes
no mention ; we suspect that it may prove to be a broad-leaved state of the
last species. Smith refers here Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 15, seeming to indicate that
the plant which he had in view was the following, of which it is a pretty
good figure.

987. (5) M. amplexicaule (Roxb. :) somewhat arborescent, branches terete :
leaves sessile, cordate at the base, from ovate to oblong and gradually acu-
minated : peduncles wanting ; pedicels 1-flowered, arranged on a sessile axil-
lary (or lateral on the older branches) tubercle or receptacle: petals orbicular,
sessile: stamens scarcely longer than the petals, about half as long as the
style: fruit somewhat globose, 1-3-celled, 1-3-seeded.—Rowb. fl. Ind. 2.
p. 261; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1055; Wight! cat. n. 1061.—M. cordatum,
Wall. L. n. 4100 (scarcely of Lamarck).—M. depressum, Benth.! in Wall. L.
n. 4101.— Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 15. Travancore. Malabar.

€ leaves vary much on the same specimen, being sometimes broadly
cordate-ovate, sometimes narrow cordate-lanceolate : in length they vary from
an inch and a half to more than half a foot. Lamarck’s M. cordatum, var. b,
may perhaps be this species, but he mentions its having peduncles, and that
the pedicels are arranged in verticils round them, forming corymbs.

t 988. (6) M. pyriforme (Wight).—Wight in Wall. L. n. 4106.

Dr Wight not having retained a similarly named specimen of this plant,
and Mr Arnott having received none of it from Dr Wallich, we are unable to
determine what it is: we, however, have reason to suspect it to consist of
specimens with very immature fruit of M. ramiflorum, in which the ovary
when a little advanced assumes a pyriform shape.

+ 989. (7) M. sessile (Benth )—Wall. L. n. 4112 Neelgherri
. . fo z gherries.
Probably a mere state of M. ramiflorum, with the tubercle or receptacle
sessile, without the intervention of a peduncle.

ORDER LXII.—MELASTOMACEÆ. Juss.

Calyx with 3-5 teeth or divisions, which are more or less deep, or
are sometimes united and separate from the tube like alid. Petals
equal to the segments of the calyx, perigynous, twisted in æstivation.
Stamens either equal in number to the petals and alternate with them,
or usually twice as many, the alternate ones of a different shape and
perhaps never with fertile pollen: filaments in sstivation bent down-
wards towards the bottom of the calyx : anthers long, 2-celled, burst-
ing usually by one or two terminal pores, rarely longitudinally. Ova-
rium with several cells, rarely completely combined with the tube of
the calyx, very rarely entirely free from it, usually cohering with at
more or less by means of 3-10 longitudinal nerves, thus forming "
many cases as the anthers which they contain during sestivation :
ovules indefinite: style 1 : stigma simple, entire, capitate or

3

.SONERILA. MELASTOMACEJE. 321

to a mere point. Placentz in the axis. Fruit plurilocular ; either free
and then capsular, valvate and loculicide ; or adherent, baecate (a ba-
lausta), and indehiscent. Seeds numerous, minute. Albumen none.
Embryo straight or curved: radicle pointing to the hilum : cotyledons

equal or unequal.— Leaves opposite, undivided, not dotted, 3-9-
nerved,

I. SONERILA. Roxb.

Calyx tube oblong or somewhat 3-angled, cohering with the ovary with
3-6 longitudinal lines : limb trifid, the segments deciduous. Petals 3, ovate-
lanceolate, acute. Stamens 3: anthers oblong, pointed, straightish, bifid at
the base, opening at the apex by two pores; connectivum not produced at
the base. Ovary truncated and glabrous at the apex. Style filiform. Stig-
ma obtuse. Capsule turbinate, crowned with the margin of the calyx which
is thickened on the inside, 3-celled, 3-valved, the valves opening at the apex
only. Seeds cuneate-obovate, sharp and somewhat grooved along one side :
hilum at the base.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent usually small plants. Leaves
membranous, hairy, opposite, one of them often a little smaller than the
other, rarely quite abortive. Peduncles axillary or terminal, few-flowered.

wers racemose or fascicled, rose-coloured.

990. (1) S. Rheedei (Wall.:) stem short, hairy: leaves ovate, somewhat
cordate at the base, remotely bristle-serrate, feather-nerved ; upper surface
sprinkled with short thick bristles arising from whitish spots; under paler,
somewhat scaly: peduncles solitary, axillary or terminal, hairy, about the
length of the leaves, with 4-8 fascicled or somewhat umbellate pedicellate

Owers at the apex : calyx hairy: petals ovate, pointed: anthers oblong, subu-
late, sagittate at the base : style longer than the stamens: stigma peltate.—
Wall. ! L. n. 4096.— Rheed. Mal. 9. t. 65. :

In Dr Wallich's specimens, which are rather imperfect, there is no stem,
only 2-3 leaves, and one peduncle or scape : in Rheede’s figure there is a short
stem as in S. maculata, to which it is perhaps too closely allied.

991. (2) S. maculata (Roxb. :) stem short, terete, hairy ; branches diffuse,
airy: leaves ovate, or unequally cordate, obtuse or shortly acuminated,
*prinkled on both sides with long tapering bristles arising from white spots,
feather-nerved : peduncles axillary, bearing a curved raceme of several uni-
lateral flowers : petals ovate, pointed: anthers sagittate at the base, acumi-
nated: style the length of the stamens: stigma simple, obtuse: capsules some-
what clavate, 3-sided, glabrous.— Roab. fl. Ind. 1. p. 177 ; (ed. Wall.) 1.
P. 180 ; Wall.! L. n. 4091.—8. Rottleri, Wall. ! L. n. 4097.—Courtallum.
The spots described by Roxburgh, and figured in our first species by
Rheede, are not distinguishable in the dried specimen. We can find no
mark by which to separate S. Rottleri from S. maculata, except that the e
sules of the latter appear shorter; but as in the specimens before us (Dr Wal-
ich's), they are immature, we dare not found a distinction on that point.
.. 992. E S. Brunonis (W. & A. :) herbaceous?: stems (about a foot high
9r more) erect, branched ; branches acutely 4-angled, glabrous : leaves long-
Petioled, ovate, bristle-serrated, 5-7-nerved at the base, hairy or at length -
glabrous.: peduncles terminal, longer than the leaves: flowers unilateral,
ongish- pedicelled, racemose: calyx glabrous: petals lanceolate, pointed:
anthers ovate, short-pointed : style about the length of the cee: POEMA
"apitate: capsules turbinate, 3-sided, strongly and prominently 6-ribbed, -
x

332 MELASTOMACE X. OsBECKIA.

three of the ribs forming the angles, the other three on sides.— Wight / cat.
n. 1142. Courtallum. ;

We have another species (S. Zeylanica, W. & A.) very closely allied, per-
haps a variety, from Ceylon, in which the stems are shorter but also 4-angled
and glabrous; the leaves 3-5-nerved, considerably smaller, and on much
Shorter petioles; racemes axillary as well as terminal, and almost or quite
sessile ; and petals ovate, pointed: thus seeming to connect the present spe-
cies with S. grandiflora.

993. (4) S. grandiflora (Brown:) erect?, glabrous: leaves elliptic, atte-
nuated at both ends, bristle-serrated, 3-nerved at the base: peduncle termi-
nal (always ?), about the length of the leaves, flattened at the apex and there
bearing a slightly curved raceme of several unilateral large flowers: petals
ovate, pointed : style as long as the stamens: stigma simple: capsule glabrous,
3-sided, scarcely the length of the pedicel—Waill.! L. n. 4099.——Neel-
gherries ; Noton.

II. OSBECKIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 283.

Calyx-tube ovate, usually covered with stellate bristles or pubescence;
limb 4-5-cleft, with appendages between the lobes springing from the out-
side. Petals 4-5. Stamens 8-10: filaments glabrous: anthers nearly equal
and similar to each other, shortly rostrate or very rarely truncated, opening
by a single terminal pore; the connectivum with 2 short auricles at the
base. Ovary covered with bristles at the apex. Capsule 4—5-celled. Seeds
cochleate: hilum orbicular, at the base.—Herbaceous or usually shrubby

plants. Flowers terminal.

994. (1) O. Zeylanica (Linn. :) herbaceous, annual : stem and branches te-
tragonal, the angles clothed with adpressed bristles: leaves spreading or re-
flexed, oval-lanceolate, strigose, quite entire, bristle-ciliated, 3-nerved : flow-
ers very shortly peduncled, axillary and solitary, or 1-7 together and termi-
nal: calyx tubular, covered with spreading long bristles that are palmately
divided from the very base ; segments of the limb 4, deciduous; appen
deciduous, pretty long, erowned with stellate bristles: anthers 8, with a fine
subulate beak: ovary crowned with 16-20 bristles.—2 C. prod. 3. p. 141;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 312 ; Roxb. fl. Ind.2. p. 223 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1233 ; Wall..
L. n. 4069 ; Wight! cat. n. 1143.—Pluk. t. 173. f. 4—-Courtallum, V

lore, &c.

995. Q O. truncata (Don! mst.:) herbaceous, annual: stems slightly
branched, 4-angled ; the angles clothed with adpressed and afterwards spread-
ing or deflexed hairs : leaves spreading or deflexed, ovate, strigose, quite en-
tire, ciliated, 3-nerved, the four upper ones approximated and forming @ kind
of involucre under the flowers: flowers (very small) terminal, nearly k:
aggregated: calyx urceolate, covered with spreading simple or palmate lo
bristles ; segments 4, deciduous: appendages deciduous, shortish, crown
with bristles: anthers 8, truncated (without any beak!): ovary crowned
with 16-20 bristles.— Wight! cat. n. 1144.—0. coronata, Don ! mst.

+996, (3) O. Leschenaultiana (DC.:) shrubby: branches 4-angled, beset
with stiff hairs: leaves sessile, ovate, somewhat acute, approximate, 5-nervec»
villous on both sides: flowers sessile, bracteated, about 3 together, NM
calyx-tube globose, covered with palmately ciliated short scales; segmen™
4, lanceolate.— DC. prod. 3. p. 142. — — Neelgherries. Ti MB BR

So far as the character goes, this agrees perfectly with our next pisi
all points except the number of calyx-segments, and meer ieri ;
mens. Perhaps the specimens were imperfect, and De Candolle may "^*^"
overlooked the other lobe. QU

OsBECKIA. MELASTOMACE. 323

997. (4) O. Wightiana (Benth. :) shrubby: branches herbaceous, scabrous
with short bristles: leaves nearly sessile, ovate, slightly acute, quite entire,
5-7-nerved ; upper side covered with adpressed somewhat shining hairs ; un-
der hirsute on the nerves and shortly tomentose between them: flowers
(large) terminal, at first densely capitate and bracteated, afterwards often so-
litary : calyx campanulate, densely eovered with short adpressed scales, bear-
ing a tuft of long bristles at the apex; segments 5, deciduous; appendages
deciduous, covered with bristles : anthers 10, linear-oblong, scarcely beaked :
style elavate.— Benth. ! in Wall.! L. n. 4060 ; Wight! cat. n. 1145, 1146.—
O. capitata, Don / mst.—Ben Kadali, Rheed. Mal. 4. p. 89. Neelgherries.

À very beautiful species, with flowers as large as in Melastoma malabarica.

998. (5) O. virgata (Don! mst.:) shrubby : branches straight, twiggy, 4-an-
gled, hispid: leaves petioled, lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3-nerved, quite
entire ; upper side sprinkled with adpressed hairs ; under hirsute on the nerves,
otherwise glabrous : flowers aggregated : calyx-tube urceolate, sprinkled with
simple and 2-3-partite spreading bristles, sometimes nearly naked ; segments
5, deciduous ; appendages deciduous, being usually deeply trifid or sometimes
simple bristles: anthers 10, shortly beaked ; ovary crowned with numerous
bristles : style incurved near the apex.— Wight ! cat. n. 1147.—0O. inappendi-
culata, Don! mst.—Melastoma glomerata, Herb. Klein !—Rheed. Mal. 4.
t. 44?.— —Mountains between Tinnevelly and Travancore; Klein.

999. (6) O. cupularis (Don! mst.:) shrubby: branches nearly terete or
slightly 4-angled, covered with adpressed bristles : leaves short-petioled, 8-5-
nerved, quite entire, oval or oblong ; upper side sprinkled with bristles ; un-
der hirsute on the nerves, sprinkled with bristles between them : flowers co-
rymbosely racemose : calyx-tube shortly urceolate, copiously sprinkled with
simple and stellate longish spreading bristles; segments 5, deciduous ; ap-
pendages deciduous, longish, bearing a stellate tuft of bristles at the apex:
anthers 10, linear-oblong, somewhat obtuse: ovary crowned with numerous

istles : Style incurved near the apex.—Wight / cat. n. 1148.—O. Wightiana,
Benth.? in’ Wall. L. n. 4074 (not 4060).——Malabar Coast. Southern pro-
vinces,

: Although this differs considerably in habit from the last, it does so very
little in the character. Perhaps Rheede’s Mal. 4. t. 43, ought to be referred
ere, instead of to the next, under which it is usually quoted.

1000. (7) O. aspera (Blume:) shrubby: branches obscurely 4-angled,
"ough from short strigose bristles: leaves shortly petioled, oblong-ovate or
oblong-lanceolate, acute, obtuse at the base, 3-nerved ; upper side copiously
clothed with adpressed bristles ; under hirsute on the nerves, and harshly pu-

ent between them: flowers on short pedicels, terminal, somewhat race-
mose: calyx-tube cup-shaped, copiously clothed with adpressed rigid pubes- -
cence ; segments 5, ovate-oblong, obtuse, deciduous ; appendages caducous,
consisting of a tuft of a few (sometimes only 1) bristles: stamens 10 ; anthers
acuminated but scarcely beaked : style incurved at the apex ; ovary crowned
with numerous bristles.— Don / mst.; Wight! cat. n. 1149.—0. glauca,
Benth.? in Wall. L. n. 4073.—Melastoma asperum, Linn. sp. p. 560 ; Don!
'n Wern. Soc. trans. 4. p. 288; DC. prod. 3. p. 145 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 295.—
l. Mal. 4. t. 43? ; Rumph. Amb. 4. t. 71 ?—Malabar coast. à
Neither of the above figures convey any idea of our o ; but that ours is
he Linnean species we have the authority of Mr D. Don, who indeed was
ŝo kind as look over and name all the specimens of this and the following
genera in the order in our Peninsular herbarium. In Dr Wight’s herbarium
Cenother species (O. K/einii, W. & A.) closely allied, from Trincomalee in
Ceylon, gathered by Klein in January 1796, but the specimens are very im-

Perfect : the leaves are 5-nerved, slightly strigose and oblong-lanceolate, and

PF'semble a good deal those in Rumph's fle, eri plates above mentioned :

X7

-324 MELASTOMACE X. MELastoma.

the flowers are in a short terminal raceme; the calyx-tube cup-shaped, the
lower part covered with adpressed bristly pubescence, the upper sprinkled
with short scales that are ciliated at the apex with long spreading bristles;
the segments (5) are lanceolate, shortly ciliated, hirsute and keeled along the

k, glabrous between the keel and the margins, and crowned, as well as
the linear appendages, with stellate bristles.

III. MELASTOMA. Linn.; Don; DC.

Calyx-tube ovate, often clothed with scales: limb 5- (or rarely 4-6-) cleft,
the lobes deciduous, with small appendages arising from the outside between
the lobes. Petals as many as the calyx-lobes. Stamens twice as many as
the petals and dissimilar, rarely only as many: anthers beaked, opening by a
single pore ; the connectivum in those that alternate with the petals is short
and 2-lobed at the base: in those that are opposite the petals elongated-linear
(resembling a second stalk or filament to the anthers), and 2-spurred at the
very base. Ovary crowned with bristles. Stigma pruinose. Capsule 5- (or
rarely 4- or 6-) celled. Seeds cochleate.—Shrubs, usually hispid from bristles.
Leaves petioled, 3-7-nerved. Peduncles axillary or terminal. Flowers
large, white, red or purple.

1001. (1) M. Malabathricum (Linn.:) shrubby: branches 4-angled, ex-
treme ones compressed, rough from adpressed bristles or scales : leaves ellip-
tic-oblong, somewhat acute, obtuse at the base, quite entire, green on both
sides ; upper side strigose from rigid flat bristles ; under hirsute on the nerves
and veins, harshly pubescent between them: corymbs terminal, 1-5-flowered,
sessile or nearly so ; flowers surrounded with large ovate-cordate deciduous
bracteoles: calyx-tube copiously clothed with small adpressed lanceolate
toothed scales; lobes ovate, acute.— Linn. sp. p. 559; DC. prod. 3. p. 145;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 299 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 405 ; Wall.! L.n.40405 Wight:
cat. n. 1150.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 52; Rumph. Amb. 4. t.72. ` d

t 1002. (2) M. polyanthum (Benth.)— Wall. L. n. 4051.

IV. TRIPLECTRUM. Don. mst. f
Calyx fleshy, somewhat infundibuliform, truncated at the margin. Petals

3; two oblong, obtuse, recurved ; the third (formed of two united) broadly pe

obovate, emarginate. Stamens 8, all similar: anthers oblong-linear, elon-
gated but not beaked, opening by a terminal pore ; connectivum produced at

the base into three short blunt spurs, two in front of the filament, the other - "
behind it. Ovary free, stalked, oval, glabrous. Style slender, subulató —
curved.—Shrubby, glabrous, throwing out roots from the joints. Leaves 22
roundish-oval, fleshy, 3-nerved, quite entire, on short petioles : frequently ——

there is only one pair on a short lateral branchlet, opposite to which springs 5 3
the solitary 1-flowered peduncle. EN

A most remarkable plant, of which we ha t the fruit. It is closely - 3
allied to Medinilla, Gaud., which Blume fes «i Herde with upwards of twenty —
species, but differs from all of that genus by the union of the two upper petals. E

1003. (1) T. radicans (Don! mst.)— Wight ! cat. n. 1151.

V. PTERNANDRA. Jack. MO uere f di

.. Calyx-tube ovate ; limb obsoletely 4-toothed or almost entire. 2 NIME.
Stamens 8, equal: anthers introflexed, compressed, spurred behind at tf

ALANGIUM. à ALANGIES. 325

base, 2-celled ; the cells anteriorly gibbous and bursting longitudinally.
Ovary adnate to the tube of the calyx, 4-celled, many-ovuled. Style single,
declinate, about as long as the stamina. Stigma conical and rather obtuse’:
capsule fleshy, 4-celled, many-seeded. Placents as many as the cells, con-
vex, parietal.—Shrubs or trees. Leaves opposite, 3-nerved. Flowers pani-
cled, corymbose, or somewhat capitate.

The new genus without a name in Roxburgh's Flora Indica, v. 2. p 225, seems
to be the same as the present. Astronium of Blume appears also very closely allied,
but to differ by having a peltate stigma, 5-6 petals, 10-12 stamens, and the placenta
situated at the base of each cell.

* 1004. (1) P. capitellata (Jack :) flowers sessile, collected into little heads.
—Jack in Mal. misc. 2. app. p. 3 ; Wall.? L. n. 4079.

The above character is taken from Jack's paper, but Dr Wallich is uncer-
tain whether the specimen from the Madras herbarium be the same: we have
seen neither.

ORDER LXIIL—ALANGIEJE. DC.

Calyx campanulate, 5—10-toothed. Petals as many as the segments
of the calyx, linear, reflexed : estivation twisted. Stamens long, ex-
serted, once, twice, or four times as many as the petals: filaments dis-
tinct: anthers introrse, two-celled, often sterile. Ovarium globose,
cohering with the tube of the calyx, 1—2-celled : ovules solitary, pendu-
lous : style 1, subulate, expanded at the base into a thick coloured
fleshy disk covering the top of the ovary: stigma dilated. Berry (ba-
lausta) oval, coherent with the tube of the calyx, and somewhat crown-
ed by its limb, fleshy, slightly ribbed, 1-2-celled : endocarp sometimes
osseous, and separating from the sarcocarp like a putamen. Seeds so-
litary, pendulous. Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight: radicle supe-
rior: cotyledons flat, foliaceous.— Trees. Leaves alternate, exstipu-
late, entire, not dotted. Flowers few, axillary, fascicled, shortly pe-
duncled.

The portion of the torus between the calyx and ovary, to which the stamens and

. Petals are attached, is of a different colour and texture from the above-menti

*P!gynous disk, which induces us to refer the latter to the style, not to the torus.

I. ALANGIUM. Lam.—Angolamia, Scop.

_ Calyx 5-10-toothed. Petals 5-10. Stamens twice or more times as many
_ 48 the petals : filaments very hairy towards the base. Ovary 1-celled : ovule
. Solitary. Drupe 1-seeded.—Some of the branches occasionally become spi-
. Méscent. Young branches, petioles, and, nerves, puberulous. : Leaves obtuse
or acute and nearly equal at the base, reticulated on the under side with
_ transverse veins. ds
1005. (1) A. dee Lam. :) leaves narrow-oblong, sometimes shortly
: Mid TAR lare tag com d occi en ; DC. prod. 3. p. 203; Spr.
WS. 2. p. 602 ; Wall.! L. n. 6884 ; Wight! cat. n. 1062, 1063,—A. hexapeta
: Las Bab. y Ind. 2. p. 802; in E. 1C. mus. dab OR a agr" a
" Hs . . 9. f M " we pe » E TM d
Mi pmi mu"

326 MYRTACE X. MELALEUCA.

1006. (2) A. hexapetatum (Lam.:) leaves elliptic or ovate-lanceolate, with
a longish sudden acumination ; petals 6-7.— DC. prod. 3. p. 203 ; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 602 ; Wall.! L. n. 6883; Wight ! cat. n. 1064.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 26.

ORDER LXIV.—MYRTACEA, Juss.

Calyx 4—5—6—8-cleft, the limb sometimes cohering in two portions,
sometimes in one and then falling off like a cap or lid. Petals peri-
gynous, as many as the segments of the calyx and alternating with
them, sometimes slightly united at the very base; rarely wanting:
wstivation imbricated. Stamens inserted with the petals, rarely as
few, sometimes twice as many, usually indefinite: filaments either all
distinct, or monadelphous, or variously polyadelphous, in sestivation
curved inwards : anthers ovate, bilocular, small, bursting longitudinally.
Ovarium cohering with the tube of the calyx, formed of two or more
carpels, the dissepiments rarely imperfect, and hence 1- to 15-celled :
style and stigma simple. Placente in the axis. Fruit dry or fleshy,
dehiscent, or indehiscent, 2-6- or many-celled, or by the obliteration of
the dissepiments 1-celled. Seeds rarely solitary or. few, usually inde-
finite. Albumen 0. Embryo straight or curved: radicle next the hi-
lum : cotyledons distinct, or sometimes consolidated into one mass with
the radicle.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves usually opposite, entire, and
with transparent dots, sometimes alternate, rarely serrated, and rarely

without dots.

I. MELALEUCA. Linn. s Lam. ill. t. 641 ; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 35.

Calyx-tube nearly hemispherical; limb 5-partite. Petals 5. Stamens nu-
merous, combined into 5 elongated bundles, that alternate with the petals.
Anthers incumbent. Style filiform. Stigma obtuse. Capsule connate with
and inclosed in the thickened tube of the calyx, which is sessile on and ad-
nate at its base to the flower-bearing branch, 3-celled, many-seeded. Seeds
angular.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves alternate or opposite, quite entire, equal
at the base. Flowers perfectly sessile or somewhat combined with the
branch, arranged in spikes or heads, whitish or yellowish or purplish.

* 1007. (1) M. eajuputi (Roxb.:) arborescent : branchlets pendulous: leaves
alternate, elliptic or narrow-lanceolate, more or less acute, slightly faleate, 9-
nerved: flowers a little distant, forming spikes : rachis, calyx, and young
branches, densely pubescent or almost villous.—Roab. hort. Bengh. p. 593 f.
Ind. 3, p. 394; Wight! cat. n, 1065.—M. minor, Sm. in Rees’ cyel. (but not
Arbor alba minor of Rumphius); DC. prod. 3. p. 212; Wall. L. n. 3645.—
M. Leucadendron, Lam. ill. t. 641. f. 4 (not Linn.).—Arbor alba Javaniea,
Rumph. Amb, 2. p. 74. 5 i

This alone yields the cajeput oil, from which circumstance, as well as from
its not being the Arbor alba minor described and figured by Rumphius (al-
though that synonym be quoted by Smith and De Candolle), we have adopt-
ed the name given by Roxburgh. M. minor appears to be a shrub, wi 3-
nerved leaves, and perhaps not known to any botanist of the present day h
Hamilton (in Wern. soc. tr. 6. p- 301) refers to it Rumph. Amb. 2. t. 17. f. 1. wit

SoNNERATIA. MYRTACEX. 327

all the description. We ought, however, to state that Roxburgh in his spe-
cific character mentions the leaves to be oftener 3- than 5- nerved in his M.
cajuputi ; perhaps he borrowed this from Rumphius M. minor, supposed b

him to be the same, for in the description he does not say so. Hamilton (1. 23
supposes Rumph. Amb. t. 17. f. 2. to be Metrosideros saligna, but that is à
New Holland plant ; we rather suspect it to be another species of Melaleuca.

I. SONNERATIA. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 420.—Aubletia. Gertn. Sr. 1. t. 78.

Calyx campanulate, 4-6-cleft, cohering with the ovary at the very base:
lobes acute: sstivation valvular. Petals 4-6, alternating with the lobes of
the calyx, or wanting. Stamens numerous: filaments distinct: anthers
roundish. Style filiform. Stigma large, peltate. Fruit baccate, adnate by
its base to the permanent calyx and thus appearing half superior, nearly glo-
bose, many-celled : rind membranaceous, cells 10-15, separated by thin dis-
sepiments. Seeds numerous, nestling in a fleshy pulp, curved. Embryo
curved: radicle long: cotyledons short, unequal, foliaceous, convolute.—
Small trees. Leaves opposite, quite entire, thickish, 1-nerved, almost vein-
less, not dotted. Flowers ternal, usually solitary, large.

1008. (1) S. acida (Linn.:) branchlets 4-angled : leaves oval-oblong: pe-
tals 6, narrow-lanceolate : stigma concave.—DC. prod. 3. p. 231; Spr. syst.
2. p. 493; Lam. ill. t. 420; Roth, nov. sp. p. 233; Roxb. ft. Ind. 2. p. 506 ;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 947 ; Wall. L. n 3641.—Rhizophora caseolaris, Linn.—
Rheed. Mal. 3. t, 40 ; Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 74.——Malabar.

. * 1009. (2) S. apetela (Ham.:) branches terete: leaves elliptic-oblong, a
little attenuated at the base: flowers 4-cleft: petals none: stigma conical,
obtuse.— Ham. in Syme's emb. to Ava, 3. p. 818. t. 25 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 231 ;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 493 ; Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 233 ; Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 2. p. 506;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1144 ; Wall.! L. n. 3642.

Ill. PUNICA. Tourn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 88; Lam. ill. t. 415.

Calyx turbinate, 5—7-cleft: sstivation valvular. Petals 5-7. Stamens nu-
merous: filaments distinct. Style filiform. Stigma capitate. Fruit large, glo-
bose, crowned by the somewhat tubular limb of the calyx, baccate, indehiscent,
covered with the tube of the calyx, divided horizontally into two parts by a
dissepiment : the lower division 3-celled, the upper 5-9-celled ; dissepiments
membranaceous : placentz in the lower division at the bottom ; in the upper
stretching from the side of the fruit to the middle. Seeds numerous, nestling
na pellucid pulp. Embryo oblong: radicle short, acute ; cotyledons folia-
ceous, spirally convolute.—Small trees or shrubs with spinescent branchlets.
Leaves deciduous, opposite, rarely verticillate or alternate, often axillary and
fascicled, oblong, quite entire, not dotted. Flowers 2-3, nearly sessile on
Somewhat terminal branchlets, usually scarlet.

This genus onl differs from the other Myrtacee by having two verticels of carpels
developed aa of one, and perhaps ay truly wild state the upper or adventi-

ous one may occasionally disappear. The inner series (or those at the bottom of
ud fruit) have their placentz in the axis ; but the outer series, forced to the top of

he fruit by the contraction of the mouth of the tube of the calyx, having their pla-
cente in the ovary at the back of the inner carpels, exhibit them in the ripe fruit in
a horizontal position on the upper surface of the lower cells.

-~ 1010. (1) P. Granatum (Linn.:) arborescent: leaves oblong inclining to

328 MYRTACEJE. PstbicM.

lanceolate —DC. prod. 3. p. 3; Spr. syst. 2. p. 490 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 499;
Wall. L. n. 3659 ; Wight! cat. n. 1066.

IV. PSIDIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 416.— Guaiava. Gertn. fr. 1. t. 38.

- Calyx-tube ellipsoidal or obovate, often contracted at the apex: limb in
:estivation undivided and ovate, afterwards 1—5-cleft. Petals 5. Stamens
numerous, distinct, crowded and inserted in a broad ring over almost the
whole undivided portion of the limb of the calyx. Style filiform. Stigma
capitate. Ovary 5-20-celled, each cell divided into two by means of a pla-
centa, that resembles a dissepiment and is cleft at the margin, some of them
occasionally abortive: ovules numerous, horizontal, attached to the margin
of the placenta. Fruit baccate, covered with the tube of the calyx and
crowned by its lobes, many-seeded. Seeds in the ripe fruit nestling within
a pulp: testa bony. Embryo curved like a horse shoe: radicle longish : co-
tyledons minute.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, feather-
nerved ; not dotted. Peduncles axillary, 1-3-flowered, bibracteated. Flow-
ers white.

* 1011. (1) P. pumilum (Vahl :) small shrub: branchlets 4-angled : leaves
lanceolate, acute; upper side glabrous; under tomentose, with the nerves
prominent: pedicels 1-flowered, shorter than the leaf: fruit globose.—Vahl,
symb. 2. p. 56; DC. prod. 3. p. 232 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 489.—P. angustifolium,
Lam.—P. Cujavillus, Burm. ; Wall. L. n. 8655.—P. caninum, Lour.

1012. (2) P. pyriferum (Linn. :) arborescent: branchlets 4-angled: leaves
elliptical, slightly acute, marked by the prominent nerves, densely pubescent
beneath: pedicels 1-flowered: fruit turbinate—DC. prod. 3. p. 233; Spr.
syst. 2. p. 488; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 480; Wall.! L. n. 3657 ; Wight! cat. n.
1067.—Guaiava pyriformis, Gertn. fr. 1. t. 38.—Rheed. Mal. 3.t. 84; Rumph.
Amb. 1. t. 47.———Malabar. Nopalry.

1013. (3) P. pomiferum (Linn.:) arborescent: branchlets 4-angled, leaves
oval- or oblong-lanceolate, pubescent beneath : peduncles 3- or many-flow-
ered : fruit globose.— DC. prod. 3. p. 234 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 489 ; Roxb. fl. Ind.
2. p. 480; Wall.! L. n. 3658.— Rheed. Mal. 3. t. 35 ; Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 485
Pluk. t. 193. f. 4. — Malabar.

V. MYRTUS. Linn, ; Gertn, fr. t. 88.

Calyx-tube somewhat globose: limb 5- or very rarely 4-partite. Petals
5, or very rarely 4. Stamens distinct. Berry 2-3-celled, somewhat globose,
crowned with the segments of the calyx. Seeds (ripe) in each cell several,
or very rarely solitary, reniform : testa bony. Embryo curved: cotyledons
semicylindrical, very short: radiele twice the length of the cotyledons,—
Shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, pellucid dotted, Peduncles axillary,
l- or rarely 3-flowered.

the lateral nerves near the margin, upper side when young downy, under

ly downy on the outside: berry 3-celled: seeds compressed, forming tw?

: nd. 2.
rows in each cell.—DC. prod. 3. p. 240; Spr. syst. 2. p. 480; Roxb. fl. Ind. T
P. 498; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1442 ; Wall. ! ret 3630 ; Wight! cat. n. 1068 f
—M. canescens, Lour.; Roxb. fi. Iud. 2. p. 498 (Kept distinct by an error o

the press).— Pluk. t. 372. f. 1.—— Neclgherries. |

Syzverum. MYRTACER. 329°

VI. SYZYGIUM. Gertn. fr. 1. t. 33.

Calyx-tube obovate: limb nearly entire or repand-lobed. Petals 4-5,
roundish, in sestivation forming a calyptra or lid, and falling off either in that
state from the calyx, or immediately after expansion. Stamens numerous,
distinct. Ovary 2-celled, with several ovules in each cell. Style 1. Stigma
simple. Berry 1-celled, 1- or few-seeded. Seed globose. Cotyledons large,
fleshy, nearly hemispherical: radicle small, inserted between the cotyledons
below their middle, and concealed by them.—Trees or shrubs. Leaves op-
posite, quite entire, glabrous. Pedunoeles axillary or terminal, cymose or
corymbose.

1015. (1) S. Jambolanum (DC.:) arborescent: leaves oval or oblong, more
9r less acuminated or obtuse, feather-nerved, coriaceous : cymes panicled, lax,
usually lateral on the former year's- branches, occasionally axillary or termi-
nal: calyx shortly turbinate, truncated: berry olive-shaped, often oblique.—
DC. prod. 3. p. 259 ; Wall. L. n. 8560; Wight! cat. n. 1069.—S. caryophylli-
folium, DC. prod. 3. p. 260; Wall.! L.n. 3562.—Eugenia Jambolana, Lam.
ene. meth. 3. p. 198 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 484 ; Ham. in Wern. soc. trans. 5. p.
342.— E. Jambolifera, Roab. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 156.—E. obtusifolia, Roxb.
A. Ind. 2. p. 485.—E. caryophyllifolia, Lam. l. c.—Calyptranthes Jambolana,
Willd. sp. 2. p. 975; Spr. syst. 2. p. 500 (char. bad).—C. caryophyllifolia,
Willd l. c. (excl. syn. Rumph. and Burm.) ; Spr. l. c.—Myrtus Cumini, Linn.
8p. p. 674 de syn.); Burm. Ind. p. 115 (excl. syn. Rumph. and Burm.)
—Madan, Burm. Zeyl. p. 197.—Pluk. t. 274. f. 2; Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 29;
Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 42. Travancore. Malabar. Coromandel. :

Dr Hamilton has some valuable observations on the synonyms of this
plant, in which we entirely coincide. We have not deemed it necessary
to split the species into varieties taken from the shape of the leaves, as they
vary exceedingly, probably from being very much cultivated: we have some

fore us oblong-lanceolate, and attenuated at the base, some ovate-acu-
minated and rounded at the base, others elliptical with either a very short
sudden blunt acumination or none at all: the last mentioned is the type of
Eug. Jambolana, Lam. ; the first, of his E. caryophyllifolia ; but we have
many intermediate gradations. We have not seen the fruit of E. caryophylli-
folia, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 486 (E. calyptrata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
1142); it is described and figured as much smaller and globular: but the spe-
«mens from Roxburgh which we possess shew no difference whatever.

1016. (2) S. densiflorum (Wall. :) leaves elliptic oblong, acuminated, fold-

» coriaceous, dotted: cyme dense, corymbose ; peduncles lateral, general.
and partial stout, the partial ones short and bearing at the apex an umbel of
8-12 almost sessile flowers subtended by oblong-linear caducous bracteas :
calyx shortly turbinate ; limb cup-shaped, shortly and bluntly 4-toothed or

: petals expanded before falling off—Wall.! L. n. 3601 ; Wight ! cat.
n. 1070.— —Neelgherries. A 2

This is very closely allied to S. inophyllum, DC., the flowers being of the
oi Sane and similar in appearance. We have only seen specimens with-

it. ^ : sacs

. 3017. (3) S. caryophylleum (Geertn.:) leaves obovate, obtuse or with a
Very short dich ira iiti. tapering towards the base, rcm]
coriaceous, inconspicuously dotted ; the upper side becoming black x Á dry-
ing: cymes corymbose, trichotomous, terminal, lax: calyx shortly turbinate,
inconspicuously repand or 4-toothed : fruit globose, 1-seeded.—Gertn. fr. 1.
- 83; DC. prod. 3. p. 260 ; Wall.! L. n. 3563; Wight! cat. n. 1071.—Calyp-
tranthes carvophyllata, Pers.—Myrtus caryophyllata, Linn. ; Spr. syst. 2.

3

330 MYRTACEA. Syzyeium,

p. 487.—Eugenia corymbosa, Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 199 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 284.
—ARheed. Mal. 5. t. 27.

We do not know the Myrtus Androsemoides of Vahl, from Ceylon: it ap-
pears, however, to belong to Syzygium and to be very near the present spe-
cies. De Candolle (l. c. p. 284) refers it to Eugenia: Poiret's plant of that
name is Myonima multiflora, Ait.

1018. (4) S. rubieundum (W. & A.:) shrubby: leaves narrow-oblong,
attenuated at both ends, obtuse at the very point, coriaceous, pellucid-dot-
ted, striated with numerous parallel transverse veins: cymes corymbose, ter-
minal, longer than the leaves: flowers minute : calyx repand, 4-lobed, short-
ly turbinate.— Wight! cat. n. 1072.

1019. (5) S. Wightianum (Wall. :) leaves elliptic-oblong, slightly MÀ
at both ends, thinly coriaceous, inconspicuously dotted, marked beneath
the transverse veins: flowers scarcely pedicellate, about 3 together at the
apex and 2-3 at the side of each peduncle; the peduncles arranged on the
leafless branches or shoots, so as to form a narrow racemose cyme: calyx
glabrous, elongated, clavate, slightly repand 5-lobed.— Wall. ! L. n. 8971;
Wight ! cat. n. 1073.— Dindygul hills.

1020. (6) S. Zeylanicum (DC.:) arborescent: leaves ovate or oblong,
much acuminated, coriaceous, shining on the upper side, scarcely dotted:
flowers shortly pedicellate, forming axillary or terminal compound cymes
that are often arranged in a kind of contracted raceme or spike: calyx pru-
nose, elongated, clavate, repand 5-lobed: berry (white) globose, 1-seeded.
—DC. prod. 3. p. 260; Wall.! L. n. 3564; Wight! cat. n. 1074.—S. spica-
tum, DC. l. c.—8. Bellutta, DC. 1. c. p. 261.—Myrtus Zeylanica, Linn. sp.
p. 675 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 488.— Eugenia spicata, Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 201.—
Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 20 (not good).

11021. (7) S. /anceolatum E & A. :) leaves lanceolate, almost sessile, gla-
brous but not shining, pellucid-dotted: peduncles terminal and lateral,
branched, few-flowered : calyx turbinate, 4-lobed.—Eugenia lanceolata, Lam.
ene. seth, 3. p. 200; DC. prod. 3. p. 284.—Myrtus Sonneratii, Spr. syst. 2-
p. 485.

Probably a poor specimen of S. Jambolanum.

T 1022. (8) S. fruticosum ? (DC.)— Wall. L. n. 3559.—Herb. Heyne.

T 1023. (9) S. lineare (Wall.)— Wall. L. n. 3596.— Herb. Heyne.

t 1024. (10) S. salicifolium (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 2597. —Herb. Heyne?
Perhaps the same as our S. rubicundum.

T 1025. (11) S. Heyneanum (Wall.)—Wall.! L. n. 3599.—Calyptranthus
caryophyllata, var. herb. Heyne.

VIL EUGENIA. Linn.

Calyx-tube nearly globose: limb divided down to the ovary into 4 oF
rarely 5 segments. Petals 4, or rarely 5. Stamens numerous, distinct.
Ovary 2-celled ; the cells often divided by the large placentæ reaching al-
most to the sides and there split into two divaricating segments bearing the.
ovules: ovules several in each cell. Berry nearly globose, crowned by the
segments of the calyx, at length 1-, or rarely 2-celled. Seeds 1-2, large-
Cotyledons very thick and fleshy, partially or completely combined into one
mass with the radicle: radicle very short, scarcely distinguishable.— Trees or
shrubs. Leaves opposite, quite entire, pellucid-dotted. Peduncles axillary
or terminal, solitary or several together, simple and 1-flowered, or racemose-
cymose, or panicled.

EUGENIA. MYRTACEÆ. 331

1026. (1) E. Rottleriana (W. & A.:) much branched: young shoots, pe-
tioles, peduncles and calyx, covered with rusty silky tomentum: leaves very
narrow-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, obtuse at the point, glabrous on
both sides except while very young, pellucid-dotted : peduncles axillary or
somewhat lateral, 3-4-together, sometimes solitary, filiform, scarcely one-
fourth of the length of the leaves: bracteoles 2 under the calyx: s dip. k
ments 4, triangular-ovate, obtuse: petals 4, much longer than the calyx, vil-
lous on the margin: stigma simple, acute.— Wight ! cat. n. 1075.

1027. (2) E. bracteata (Roxb.:) shrubby: young shoots, petioles, pe-
duncles and calyx clothed with a rusty pubescence: leaves ovate-oblong,
tapering or cuneate at the base, obtuse or with a short blunt acumination, at
first slightly downy, at length quite glabrous and shining above, pellucid-
dotted: peduncles usually axillary or sometimes terminal, short, 1-flowered,
longer than the petioles, 1-4-together, with 2 small bracteoles under the
calyx: calyx-segments 4, unequal, linear-oblong, obtuse, ciliated: petals 4:
style slender: fruit globose, glabrous, 1-2-seeded.— Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 490:
DC. prod. 3. p. 264; Wight! cat. n. 1076.—E. Roxburghii, DC. prod. 3.
p.271; Wall.! L. n. 3621; Wight! in Hook. journ. of bot. 1. p. 66. t. 124.—
E. Zeylanica, Roxb. l. c. (according to Wallich).—E. læta, Ham. in Wern.
soc. trans. 5. p. 338.—Myrtus bracteata, Willd. sp. 2. p. 969 ; Spr. syst. 2. p.
480.—M. littoralis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 151.—M. Coromandeliana,
Koen.—M. ruscifolia, Willd. sp. 2. p. 970 (description bad) ; DC. prod. 3. p.
241; Spr. syst. 2. p. 482.—M. latifolia, Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 232.—M.
Heynei, Spr. syst. 2. p. 482 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 241.—Pluk. t. 427. f. 3.——
Very common on all the Coromandel coast near the sea-shore.

t1028. (3) E. Zeylanica (Willd.:) leaves shortly petioled, oblong, nar-
rowed at the base, acuminated with the point blunt, coriaceous, sh ig,
veined, not dotted : peduncles filiform, 1-flowered, solitary or in pairs, axil-
ry or on the leafless branchlets, with two short subulate bracteoles under
the calyx.— Willd. sp. 2. p. 963.—E. Willdenowii, DC. prod. 3. p. 265 ; Wall.?

L. n. 3623.—Myrtus Willdenowii, Spr. syst. 2. p. 480. AE

, Dr Wallich, in his List, n. 3623. c, quotes E. ruscifolia of Wight's herba-
rium, on which account we feel doubtful about his plant, no specimen among
Dr Wight's collections agreeing with Willdenow's character.

. 1029. (4) E. subcordata (W. & A.:) branches terete: leaves shortly pe-
tioled, ovate, a little acuminated with the point blunt, slightly cordate at the
base, glabrous, shining on the upper side, pellucid-dotted : peduncles axillary,
fascicled, 2-10 together, filiform and slender, about half as long as the leaves,

ping, usually without bracteoles under the calyx or occasionally with one
subulate and caducous: calyx glabrous: segments 4, orbicular, villous on the
Y petals 4, orbicular: style filiform ; stigma pointed.— Wight / eat.

* 1030. (5) E. aeris (W. & A.:) arborescent, glabrous: young branches
acutely 4-angled: leaves elliptic-oval, obtuse, more or less convex, coria-
Ceous, very glabrous, upper side reticulated with elevated veins, finely pel-

-dotted: peduncles compressed, axillary and terminal, trichotomous,
corymbose, rather longer than the leaves: calyx-limb 5-partite -, —
roundish: style filiform, acute: berry globose, 1-4-seeded.— Wight goes . n.
1078.—E. Pimenta, 6 ovalifolia, DC. prod. 3. p. 285; Wall. L. er ron

yrtus aeris, Swartz ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 487.—M. Pimenta var. latifolia, "eie E
hort. Bengh. p. 37.—M. aromatica, Poir. enc. meth. 4. p. 410.—M. — -
lata, Jacg.—Myrcia acris, DC. prod. 3. p. 243; Hook.! in Bot. mag. t. 3153.—
M. Pimentoides, DC. 7. c.—Pluk. t. 155. f. 3.—Courtallum. — , js
. An analysis of the seed, even although far from ripe, shows this to kong
to Eugènia and not to Myrcia, in which the cotyledons ought to be folia-
ceous and crumpled. De Candolle states that he had not seen the fruit, a
cireumstance which must have escaped Dr Hooker when he wrote his obser-

332 MYRTACE X. — JAMBOSA.

vations on this plant in the Bot. Magazine. We are at a loss to understand
Dr Hooker's dissections and description of the ovarium: we have examined
Myrcia acris from the West Indies, and find a 2-celled ovary with the pla-
cente extending nearly to the side, thus dividing each cell into two: Rox-
burgh's specimens of his Myrtus Pimenta latifolia exhibit the same structure ;
and, indeed, we are unable to point out any difference between these spe-
cies: in both, the leaves are convex and pellucid-dotted, though sometimes
obscurely. De Candolle has misplaced the synonyms of Poiret ; that author s
Myrt. aromatica belonging to E. acris, and his M. citrifolia (not seen by him,
but described with lanceolate leaves and 4-fid flowers, and taken up princi-
pally from Linnzeus’s account of his M. Pimenta) to E. Pimenta.

+1031. (6) E. cuneata (Wall.)—Wall.! L. m. 3625.—Myrtus cuneata,
Heyne ; herb. Madr. Courtallum.

VIII. JAMBOSA. Rumph.; DC.

Calyx-tube turbinate, attenuated at the base ; the throat produced beyond
the ovary, dilated, obovate : limb 6—4-cleft ; lobes roundish. Petals 4, inserted
on the top of the throat of the calyx, broad, concave, obtuse. Stamens very
numerous, longer than the petals, distinct, straight. Ovary 2-celled: ovules
numerous. Style filiform. Stigma simple, slightly acute. Fruit grumose-
fleshy, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 1-2-seeded. Seeds angled. po
tyledons between fleshy and horny, thick, united by their margins: radicle
somewhat cylindrical, concealed between the cotyledons.— Trees. Leaves
opposite, quite entire, shortly petioled, pellucid-dotted. Cymes lateral and
terminal, much shorter than the leaf, few-flowered, simple, the lateral pedi-
cels opposite, the terminal one solitary. Flowers large, jointed with the top
of the pedicel, without braeteoles. Fruit large, eatable.

1032. (1) J. vulgaris (DC. :) leaves narrow-lanceolate, attenuated at the
©, acuminated towards the apex: racemes cymose, terminal: (flowers
white): fruit globose.—DC. prod. 3. p. 286; Wight! cat. n. 1079.—Eugenia
105. aa Ms p. 672; Rowb. fl. Ind. 9. p. 494; in E. I. c. n tab.
; Wan.! L. n. 3615.—Myrtus J al Kis . syst. Z. p. 409.—
Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 17 D m Un Es Son iyd QN

fruit turbinate, depressed.—J, macrophylla, DC. prod 3. p. 386 (excl. syn.)

T and Rumph.—Eugenia alba, Roxb. ! fl. Ind. 2. p. 493; Wall. L. n.
509

* 1034. (3) J. aquea (DC. :) leaves almost sessile, oblong-lanceolate, nar-
rower and somewhat cordate at the base: peduncles terminal or from the
upper axils, 3-7-flowered : (flowers white); fruit turbinate, flattened at both
ends.— DC. prod. 3. p. 288 3 Wight! cat. n. 1080.—Eugenea aquea, Roxb. ft.
Ind. 2. p. 492 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1439 ; Wall.! IL, n. 3619.—E. malaccensis,
Lour. (not Linn.)— Rumph. Amb. 1. t. 38. J. 2. (bad); and t. 89? eae ern

We suspect that Eugenia alba, Wall. L. n. 3614, a, b, belongs to this, and
not to the true J. alba. Rumph’s t. 38. J: 2, judging from the 4-cleft stigma,

* 1035. (4) J. malaccensis (DC.: leaves oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at
the base: cymes lateral, eee sat 7 sessile br very shortly peduncled,
fascicled: (flowers red): fruit (large) turbinate-—DC. prod. 3. p. ced
Wight! eat. n. 1081.—J. purpurascens, DC. I. c. (excl. syn. Roxb.)—J. ek
mestica, DC, l c, p. 288.— Eugenia malaccensis, Linn. sp. p. 672; Lam. WR

BARRINGTONIA. MYRTACEX. 333

meth. 3. p. 196 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 483 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1067 ; Wall. !
L. n. 3611.—E. macrophylla, Lam. l. c.—Myrtus Malaccensis, Spr. syst. 2.
p. 484.—M. macrophylla, Spr. l. c. p. 483.— Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 185 Rumph.
Amb. 1. t. 37, and t. 38. f. 1.

De Candolle, by some mistake, ascribes to this white flowers, referring the
specimens with red to his J. purpurascens :. but the J. purpurea, W. & A.,
or Eugenia purpurea, Roxb. (fl. Ind. 2. p. 483, and in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1438),
differs by the fruit being purplish and exactly oval, without any reference to
the colour of the blossoms.

IX. BARRINGTONIA. Forst. ; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 101.—Butonica.. Lam. ill.
t. 590. and 591.—Stravadium. Juss.—Meteorus. Lour.

Calyx-tube ovate: limb 2-3-4-partite; lobes ovate, obtuse, concave, per-
sistent. Petals 4, coriaceous, attached to the ring at the base of the stamens.
Stamens numerous, in several rows: filaments filiform, long, distinct, com-
bined at the base into a short ring, all bearing anthers. Ovary 2-4-celled,
surmounted by an urceolus sheathing the base of the style: ovules 2-6 in
each cell. Style filiform. Stigma simple. Fruit: fleshy, more or less 4-
angled, crowned by the limb of the calyx, 1-celled. Seed solitary. Embryo
large, fleshy, not separable into cotyledons and radicle, formed of two con-
centric homogeneous combined layers.—Trees. Leaves crowded about the
ends of the branches, opposite or verticillate, obovate, quite entire or crenated
or serrated, without pellucid dots. Flowers racemose.

* 1036. (1) B. speciosa (Linn.:) leaves shining, cuneate-oblong, obtuse,
quite entire : flowers (large) forming a lax simple raceme or thyrsus: pedicels
elongated, several times longer than the flower, 1-bracteated at the base :
calyx 2-3-cleft: ovary 4-celled, two of the dissepiments being often imper-
fect in the middle: ovules attached to the inner angle of the cell, near its
apex: fruit acutely 4-angled, pyramidal ; endocarp fibrous, resembling a pu-
tamen, separating from the epicarp.— DC. prod. 3. p. 288 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 127 ;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 636 ; Wall. L. n. 3632; Wight! cat. n. 1082.—Butonica
speciosa, Lam. ill. t. 590. and 591. f. 1—Manmea asiatica, Linn. sp. p. 731.
—Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 114.

1037. (2) B. racemosa (Roxb.:) leaves cuneate-oblong, acuminated, serru-

ted or crenulated: flowers (large) forming a long pendulous raceme: pedi-
cels scarcely so long as the flower, 1-bracteated at the base: calyx 2-3-cleft:
ovary 2-celled : ovules attached to the middle of the dissepiment : fruit ovate,
bluntly 4-angled : endocarp scarcely separating from the epicarp.—Rowb. fl.
Ind. 2. p. 634; DC. prod. 3. p. 288; Spr. syst. 3. p. 127 ; Wall. L.n. 3634.—
v ien racemosa, Linn. sp. p. 673.—Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 6. — E

character of the ovary and fruit is taken from Roxburgh and Rheede :

perhaps, however, future observations may prove both to be the same as in
B. speciosa, Careya macrostachya, Jack (DC. prod. 3. p. 295), appears to
us to belong to Barringtonia, and to be very nearly allied to the present
Species : its ovary is 4-celled. ei oi MR

1038. (3) B. acutangula (Gsertn.:) leaves cuneate-obovate, serrulated :
racemes lis peadatour! Sauce ae short: (flowers small): calyx 4-
cleft : ovary 2-celled : ovules suspended from a placenta projecting from the

iment close to the apex of each cell: fruit oblong, 4-sided, sharp-

angled : endocarp firmly attached to the epicarp.—Gveertn. fr. 2. p. 97. t. 101;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 635 ; Wight! cat. n. 1083.— Eugenia acutangula, Linn.
sp. p. 673.— E. racemosa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 149.—Stravadium rub-
Tum, Pers.; DC. prod. 3. p. 289; Wall.! L. n. 3635.—8. album, Pers.? ;
DC.? 1. cs, coccineum, DC. l. e—Meteorus coccineus, Lour.; Spr. syst.
3. p. 127.— Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 1 ; Rumph. Amb. 3. t. 116? (bad).

Miktat:

334 MYRTACEÆ. CAREYA.

The figure of Rumphius just quoted belongs, we believe, to this species,
although he describes the flowers as white : but be that as it may, the repre-
-sentation of the leaves is erroneous, and in opposition to his own description,
which indicates that they are broadest at the apex, and therefore oboyate,
not acuminated as in the plate, and in the characters drawn up from ìt by
Persoon and De Candolle: we cannot comprehend how these botanists can
compare this figure with B. racemosa. Rumphius, Amb. 3. t. 115, is usually
referred here, but of that we have considerable doubts.

X. CAREYA. Roxb.

Calyx-tube globose : limb 4-partite, persistent. Petals 4, ovate or oblong,
obtuse, spreading, inserted into a hollow rim between the segments of the calyx
and the crown of the ovary. Stamens very numerous, in several rows: fila-
ments distinct above, united at the base into one thick fleshy ring, inserted
into the same hollow rim with the petals, forming three circles; the exterior
and interior of which are without anthers, the middle antheriferous. Ovary
4-celled, surmounted by an elevated ring: ovules numerous. Style filiform.
Stigma capitate, obscurely 4-lobed or toothed. Berry covered by the calyx
which forms the rind, crowned with its lobes. Seeds several, nestling in and
scattered through the pulp of the fruit. Embryo large, almond-like, not se-
parable into cotyledons and radicle, of two concentric homogeneous layers.—
Arborescent or herbaceous. Leaves alternate, approximated towards the
ends of the branches, short-petioled, cuneate-obovate, between crenulated
and serrulated, without pellucid dots. Flowers large, red or greenish yellow,
sessile and forming a short spike or head, or pedicellate and somewhat co-

rymbose,

The calyx is rarely but occasionally 5-cleft, with as many petals.— This genus is so
very much allied to the last, that, ribi the vOv A two rows of abortive
stamens, the very numerous ovules in each cell of the ovary, and the fruit with se-
veral seeds seattered through its pulp, we can point out no character to separate
the two: hence we refer C. macrostachya of Jack to Barringtonia. We must, how-
ever, remark, that ortergh describes the seeds of both genera with a simple em-
bryo the length of an ample albumen: Gertner also describes and figures the same
in Barringtonia : and Hamilton (in Linn. soc. trans. 15. p. 98) says of Careya arborea,

Albumen album, forme seminis, carnosum : Embryo recta, teres utrinque acutius-
cula, longitudine albuminis, centralis." On the ps ati hand, Blume affirms that in
Barringtonia there is no albumen : Gartner, under B, speciosa, says that the albumen
1s “* cum embryone arctissime conferruminatum.” Roxburgh, describing Car.
rica, remarks, ** when kb yale commences the radicle issues from the small end of
the seed, close to the umbilicus, and the scaly plumula from the ite end; the
embryo furnishing the centre or ligneous part, and the perisperm E^ albumen)'the
cortical part of he goung TR and under Barr. racemosa, ** when vegetation
begins, the plumula issues from the base o£ the fruit, and the simple embryo forms
the ligneous centre of the shoots, while the perisperm (or albumen) furnishes the
cortical part and the leaves," After comparing these observations, for we regret to
say that we have it not in our power at present to decide the point by on ae
examination of the ripe seed, we have no doubt but the structure in both genera is
QN, «M that the supposed albumen is part of the embryo, while no real albu.

ex :

,1039. (1) C. arborea (Roxb.:) arborescent: leaves obovate or oblong,
slightly serrulate-toothed: flowers sessile in terminal short few-flowered .
spikes: fruit broadly ovate, crowned by the erect segments of the calyx—

Cor. 3. t. 218; fl. Ind. 2. p. 638; DC. prod. 3. p. 295; Spr. syst. 3
p. 127 ; Ham. in Linn. soc. trans. 15. p.97; Wall! L. n. 8640; Wight! caf. —
^ Ee Cres Coneanæ, Buch. Ham. Mysore, 3. p. 187.— Rheed. Mal. s
The petals in this and C. spherica soon become revolute, in which state
' they appear as if acute. d

Jusstma. ONAGRARI 2. 335

ORDER LXV.—ONAGRARL:XE. Juss.

Calyx tubular, with the limb usually quadripartite, sometimes sex-
partite, very rarely 3-2-partite, the lobes sometimes cohering in va-
rious degrees: swstivation valvular. Petals usually equal in number to
the lobes of the calyx, regular (or rarely irregular), inserted at the top
of the tube: zstivation twisted. Stamens definite: filaments distinct :
anthers oblong or ovate: pollen triangular. Ovarium plurilocular, co-
hering with the tube of the calyx: ovules indefinite, rarely definite :
style filiform: stigma capitate or lobed. Fruit baccate or capsular, de-
hiscent or indehiscent, 1-2—4-celled. Seeds indefinite, rarely definite,
or solitary in each cell. Albumen none. Embryo straight: radicle
long and slender, pointing to the hilum, cotyledons short, equal, or
rarely unequal.— Leaves alternate or opposite, not dotted.

This order is sometimes divided into three :—1. Onagrarie, properly so called,
which have numerous ovules in each cell of the ovary ; 2. Cirezacee, with a so
erect ovule ; and, 3. Hydrocaryes, with a solitary penguins ovule in each cell. As
a combined order they are distinguished une y from Haloragee by the presence
ofa style, and much more developed limb to the calyx.

I. JUSSLEA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 91 ; Lam. ill. t. 280.

Calyx-tube prism-shaped or cylindrical, cohering with the ovary its whole
length and not produced beyond it: limb divided down to the ovary into
4-6 persistent acute segments. Petals as many as the calycine lobes, spread-
ing. Stamens twice as many as the petals, and deciduous with them. Ovary
either flattish at the apex, or elevated into a furrowed cone. Style filiform,
short. Stigma capitate, 4-6-furrowed. Capsule 4-6-celled, oblong, often
ribbed, opening between the ribs, crowned by the lobes of the calyx. Seeds
very numerous in each cell, naked.—Herbaceous or rarely slightly shrubby
plants, growing in marshy situations. Leaves alternate, usually quite entire.
Flowers axillary, solitary, sessile or shortly pedicellate, with often 2 bracteoles
at the base, yellow or rarely white.

1040. (1) J. re inn. :) herbaceous, glabrous, creeping or floating by
means PN ide ea aioe of the eaves, unas rout wer di
the joints: leaves oblong-obovate, obtuse or retuse, petioled ; flowers on
longish pedicels, with two minute fleshy abortive bracteoles at the base of the
ovary: tube of the calyx slightly villous, cylindrical, attenuated at the base ;
lobes 5, lanceolate, acute, twice as short as the 5 obovate emarginate petals.

—Linn. mant. p. 381; Ham. in Linn. soc. trans. 14. p. 205; DC. prod. 3.
P. 54 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 332 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 401; in E. I.C. mus. tab. 644 ;
Wall. ! ae 331; Wight! in Hook. Bot. misc. 3. p. 300. suppl. t. 40 ; cat.
n. 1085.—J. fluviatilis, Blume ; DC. l. c.—Cubospermum palustre, Lour.—

Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 51. :
The above character and synonyms relate solely to the East Indian form

of the plant; but we have specimens from various parts of America and the
West ndies, proving that sometimes this species is quite glabrous on the
tube of the calyx, and sometimes pubescent all over: see Hook. and Arn. in
Hook. Bot. misc. 3. p. 312. |

336 ONAGRARLE. Lowi

1041. (2) J. villosa (Lam. :) herbaceous, perennial, erect, more or less
pubescent or slightly villous: leaves from broadly lanceolate to linear-acumi-
nated, tapering at the base into a short petiole: flowers almost sessile, with
two bracteoles often foliaceous but sometimes minute and scale-like between
the base and the middle of the calyx-tube: calyx-lobes 4 or sometimes 5,
broadly lanceolate or ovate, 3-5-nerved, much shorter than the roundish
obovate petals: capsule nearly cylindrical, elongated, tapering at the base
into a shortish pedicel.—2; leaves lanceolate, acuminated, pubescent or
hairy: capsule about the length of the leaves.— Wight ! cat. n. 1086,—J. vil-
losa, Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 331; DC. prod. 3. p. 57; Spr. syst. 2. p. 231;
Wall.! L. n. 6333.—J. suffruticosa, Linn.; DC. prod. l e. p. 58; Roxb. in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 645 ; Wall.! L. n. 6334.—J. fruticosa, DC. l e. p. 57.—J.
exaltata, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 401.—Epilobium fruticosum, Lour.—Rheed.
Mai. 2. t. 50.—8 ; leaves linear-acuminated, slightly pubescent, about twice
the length of the capsules.—Wight ! cat. n. 1087.

Of our second variety we have only one specimen before us, which pre-
vents our ascertaining whether or not it be sufficiently constant to constitute
a distinct species: it is closely allied to J. angustifolia, Lam., and to J.
Blumeana, DC.

II. LUDWIGIA. Roxb.; DC.

Calyx-tube cylindrical or rarely turbinate, cohering with the ovary its

"whole length : limb divided down to the ovary into 4 or occasionally 5 ulti-
mately deciduous segments. Petals 4-5. Stamens 4-5, opposite to the lobes
of the calyx. Apex of the ovary or base of the style pyramidal, 4-5-angled,
4-5-furrowed ; furrows glabrous, opposite to the stamens ; angles alternating;
villous. Style filiform from the top of the pyramidal base. Stigma capitate,
4-5-furrowed or lobed. Capsule turbinate or much elongated, 4-5-celled,
with as many valves, surmounted with the pyramidal base of the style. Seeds
very numerous.—Branched herbaceous plants. Leaves alternate, narrow-
lanceolate, shortly petioled, quite entire. Flowers axillary, almost sessile,
yellow, with two bracteoles at the base of the calyx.

_1042. (1) L. parviflora (Roxb.:) erect, annual, glabrous, branched: branches
diffuse : leaves lanceolate ; lower ones often, and the upper sometimes oblong:
flowers shortly pedicellate : capsule obsoletely 4-5-angled, equally thick, in
length about 2-3 times its breadth, much shorter than the leaves:
crowded in several rows in each cell, attached to a projecting placenta
Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 419; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 440; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1940;
DC. prod. 3. p. 59; Spr. syst. 1. p. 445; Wight ! cat. n. 1088.—L. jussiseoides,
herb. Madr.! ; Wall.! L. n. 6335 (not Lam.)—L. diffusa, Ham. in Linn, s0c-
trans. 14. p. 301 ; Wall. L. ñ. 6336.—L. perennis, Linn. sp. p. 113 ; DC. |. €
—L. oppositifolia, Linn. syst. veg. p. 135.—L. Zeylanica, Pers. y Spr. syst. b
p. 444.— Jussima caryophyllea, Lam. ene. meth. 3. p. 331.—Rheed. Mal. ?.
t. 49; Pluk. t. 203. f. 5. 1

The description given by Linnsus in the Flora Zeylanica, n. 66, 1s suffi-
ciently in accordance with some of our specimens ; but the character $ foliis
oppositis ) afterwards given in the Species Plantarum, and we think by a ms-

take of the printer, has been continued by most succeeding botanists. E
have retained the specific name given by Roxburgh, because all the olde

ones have been accompanied by erroneous characters, except that of Lamarck,

who, however, places it in Jussiæa. Some specimens before us have

Zeylanica ; in others they are much broader, resembling Rheede's na

while in a few they are oblong and obtuse, as in Plukenet: so many m ple. 4

mediate states, however, are to be observed, that we have found it impos u$
to separate them as distinct varieties. Eo

leaves very narrow, corresponding to Linnzus' observations in the Flora oA

cones tems tbt lle

SERPICULA. HALORAGEJXE. 337

IH. TRAPA. Linn.; Lam. il. t. 73; Geertn. fr. 1. t. 26.

Calyx-tube cohering with the ovary: limb 4-partite. Petals 4. Stamens 4.
Ovary 2-celled, surmounted by a more or less conspicuous cup-shaped crown
or appendage: ovules solitary in each cell, pendulous. Stigma capitate.
Fruit nut-like, indehiscent, hard and almost horny, turbinate, crowned with
2-4 horns (the hardened lobes of the calyx), 1-celled. Seed solitary, large,
pendulous. Cotyledons very unequal; one very small, protruded through a
perforation in the apex of the fruit during germination ; the other very large,
farinaceous, remaining within the fruit.—Herbaceous floating plants. Roots
fibrous. Leaves; lowest ones opposite, the others alternate ; lower ones di-
vided into capillary segments; upper crowded, deltoid, toothed, with the
petiole swollen in the middle, and rendering the plant buoyant while in
flower. Flowers axillary. Seeds eatable.

1043. (1) T. bispinosa (Roxb.:) upper leaves and petioles tomentose be-
neath: peduncles shorter than the petioles: calyx villous: crown of the
ovary 8-furrowed, the margins curled: fruit 2-borned; horns opposite,
strong, straight, conical, very sharp, barbed backwards.—Rozb. Cor. 3. t. 234 ;
Jt. Ind. 1. p. 428; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 449; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1845; DC.
prod. 3. p. 64 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 446 ; Wall. L. n. 6339 ; Wight! cat. n. 1089.—
T. quadrispinosa, Wall. ! L.n. 6340. b. (not Rowb.)—Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 33.

ORDER LXVI.—HALORAGE. R. Brown.

Subord. 1. CERcopEE (Rich.) Calyx with the limb 3—4-partite or
entire. Petals inserted at the top of the tube of the calyx and alter-
nate with its segments, or wanting. Stamens inserted with the petals,
twice as many, or equal to them in number, rarely fewer. Ovarium
closely cohering with the tube of the calyx, 1-3—4-celled: ovules soli-
tary, pendulous : styles wanting, or distinct and as many as the cells
of the ovary: stigmas equal in number to the cells, pappulose or peni-
cilliform. Fruit dry and indehiscent, membranous or bony, with as
many cells as stigmas (or fewer from abortion). Seeds solitary, pen-
dulous. Albumen fleshy, sometimes very thin. Embryo straight in
the axis of the albumen: radicle superior, long, cotyledons minute.—
Leaves alternate, opposite, or whorled. Flowers axillary, sessile,
Sometimes unisexual.

I. SERPICULA. ZLinn.; Lam. ill. t. 758.

Flowers monccious.—Marr. Calyx small 4-partite. Petals 4. Stamens
4or8. Styles 4, sterile, in the centre of the flower.—Fzw. Calyx-tube co-
hering with the ovary ; limb minute, 4-partite. Petals and stamens wanting.
Ovary 4-celled. Ovules 4. Styles 4, spreading. terminated each by a large
Pappulose stigma. Nut brittle, 1-celled, 1-seeded.—Herbaceous creeping
branched plants. Leaves opposite or alternate, quite entire or toothed.
Flowers axillary : male pedicellate : female aggregated, almost sessile.

Although we have described the ovary as 4-celled, we have done so only from ana-
logy ; from the minuteness of the flowers we have not been able to trace any of the
Y

338 HALORAGEA. Hatoraeis,

dissepiments, although the four pendulous ovules may easily be discovered : when
the ovary is pretty far advanced into the state of fruit, three abortive and one fertile
ovule may still be observed, but without any conspicuous dissepiments. Can the
ovary be only l-celled ?

1044. (1) S. brevipes (W. & A.:) nearly quite glabrous : leaves opposite,
cuneate-oval, toothed towards the apex : male flowers 8-androus, on glabrous
pedicels about the length of the leaves.— Wight! cat. n. 1090.—8Serpicula,
Wall.! L. n. 7488. Neelgherries. ^

Had Bory and De Candolle not placed S. veronicefolia in the genus while
described as having only four stamens, we should have had no hesitation in
uniting our plant to it.—This genus must not be confounded with the other
Serpicula in Wallich's List, n. 5048, although, probably from inadvertency,
they have been considered the same by Dr Royle, and referred by him to the
same natural order (Wall. L. p. 261).

1045. (2) S. hirsuta (W. & A.:) stems hirsute: leaves opposite cuneate-
oblong or oval, toothed towards the apex, slightly hairy particularly on the
under side: male flowers 8-androus, on hairy pedicels twice the length of
the leaves.—z ; leaves oval, slightly cuneate at the base.— Wight! cat. n. 1091.
—f ; leaves narrow-oblong, cuneate and tapering towards the base.— Wight!
cat. n. 1092.— —Neelgherries.

II. HALORAGIS. Forst.—Goniocarpus. Thunb.—Cercodia. Murr. ;
Lam. ill. t. 319.

Calyx-tube cohering with the ovary: limb 4-partite. Petals 4, alternate
with the lobes of the calyx. Stamens 4-8. Stigmata 2-4, sessile and pap-
pulose, or pencil-shaped at the extremity of short styles. Fruit nut-like,
2-4-celled and 2-4-seeded, or from abortion 1-celled and 1-seeded.—Herba-
ceous or shrubby plants. Leaves opposite or alternate, glabrous or scabrous,
toothed or quite entire. Flowers usually nearly sessile in the axils of the
upper leaves, rarely racemose, bisexual or rarely moncecious.

i i is genus from the
er ith ic ten pers of apa ential Do Coll it may

be distinguished by the bisexual flowers; and even that species has pencil-shape
stigmas and sessile male flowers, very different from Serpicula.

1046. (1) H. oligantha (W. & A.:) herbaceous ?, glabrous, procumbent:
leaves alternate, narrow-linear, tapering at both ends, serrated towards the
apex : flowers minute, axillary, solitary, sessile: calyx-tube marked with four
projecting angles : petals linear-lanceolate, obtuse, much longer than the seg
ments of the calyx: stamens 4: stigmas 4, large, sessile, pappulose: DU
muricated, 1-celled, 1-seeded.— Wight! cat. n. 1093.——Neelgherries.

III. MYRIOPHYLLUM. Vaill; Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 68; Lam. ill.
t. 775.

Flowers monecious or bisexual, rarely diœcious.—MALE. Calyx EA
tite. Petals 4, alternate with the lobes of the calyx, caducous. Stamens r
6, or 8.—Fzx. Calyx cohering with the ovary; limb 4-lobed. Petals d
smaller than in the male, very eaducous, often inconspicuous OF wanting.
Stamens when present without anthers. Ovary 4-celled. Styles n
Stigmas linear-oblong, compressed, pappulose on the inner surface. uk
4-lobed, consisting of 4 compressed or subglobose carpels cohering br H
inner angles and inclosed in and closely attached to the slightly

ealyx-tube: each carpel nut-like, indehiscent, 1-seeded.—BisEx. Same as

Myriopnyiiun. HALORAGE X. 339

in the female, but with perfect stamens.—Aquatic floating herbaceous plants,
having their upper part emersed while flowering. Leaves usually opposite or
verticillate. Flowers small, verticillate in the axils of the floral leaves: the
upper usually male, the lower female, and the intermediate ones sometimes
bisexual.

1047. (1) M. Indicum (Willd.:) leaves in fours, verticellate ; lower ones
divided in a pinnated manner into capillary lobes ; upper gradually narrower
and pinnatifid with the undivided portion broader; uppermost cuneate-lan-
ceolate, toothed or almost quite entire: flowers verticellate, monecious:
stamens 8; anthers oblong: female flowers with 4 petals: carpels rugose
and tubercled, cohering at the axis.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 407 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 68 ;
Spr. syst. 8. p. 853; Wall.! L. n. 6338 (exel. c); Wight! cat. n. 1094, ——
Coromandel. N eelgherries.

We have no doubt of our plant being the same as that sent from the

Madras herbarium to Willdenow, although he states that Klein had observed
the flowers to be bisexual: in the quotation, however, from Klein's descrip-
tion, we do not observe any thing to warrant that inference: in all our spe-
cimens the upper flowers are male.
, 1048. (2) M. tetrandrum (Roxb. :) leaves verticellate, lower ones divided
1n à pinnated manner into capillary segments ; upper ones much the smaller,
pinnatifid : flowers verticellate, moncecious: stamens 4 : carpels nearly smooth
and even, blunt on the back.— Roxb. fi. Ind. 1. p. 451 ; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 470;
DC. prod. 3. p. 69.

Subord. 9. CALLITRICHINE® (Link.) Calyx exceedingly minute,
inconspicuous, surrounding the ovarium, soon rupturing. Petals want-
ing. Stamens 1, rarely 2: filament filiform, grooved in the inside:
anther reniform, 1-celled, bursting transversely. Ovarium solitary,
tetragonal, compressed, 2-celled (of two carpels, the dorsal sutures
being slightly inflexed towards the axis): ovules in pairs, peltate :
styles none: stigmas 2, filiform, pappulose on their inner surface.
Fruit 2-celled, contracted at the dorsal sutures, at once loculicidal and
septicidal (thus as if composed of four achenia, attached round the base
of the stigmas by the centre of their inner angle). Seeds, 2 in each
cell, divaricating (or in each achenium solitary), peltate. Embryo
slightly curved in the axis of a thin fleshy albumen: radicle superior,
long : cotyledons very short —Aquatie herbaceous plants. Leaves
?PPosite, simple, entire. Flowers axillary, very minute, usually uni-
Sexual, sometimes with two small bractez at the base of the short
peduncle, . "

IV. CALLITRICHE. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 5; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 68.

Character the same as that of the suborder.

1049. (1) C. Wightiana (Wall.:) stems depressed, creeping: leaves. all
obovate, tapering at the base, obtuse, 3-nerved: flowers nearly sessile ; the
Pedicels without bracteoles: fruit of 4 equal lobes, each with a winged keel
at the back ; pericarp membranous and cellular.—Wall.! L. under n. 7008 ;

AN cat. n. 1095.—C. verna var. vulgaris, Wall.! L. n. 7008.——Neel-
erries,

T2

340 : CUCURBITACE X. ZANONIA.

ORDER LXVIL—CUCURBITACEJE. Juss.

Calyx 5-toothed, sometimes obsolete. Petals 5, distinct or more or
less united, sometimes scarcely distinguishable from the calyx, strongly
marked with reticulating veins, sometimes fringed. Stamens 5, dis-

.tinct or triadelphous: anthers 2-celled (or rarely l-celled 7), usually
long and sinuous, rarely ovate. - Ovarium adhering to the tube of the
calyx, of 3 carpels, often spuriously l-celled: ovules solitary or inde-
finite: style short; stigmas 3, 2-lobed, very thick, velvety or fringed.
Fruit fleshy, usually a peponida *. Seeds usually ovate and compress-
ed, enveloped in a juicy, or dry and membranous, arillus: testa coria-
ceous, often thick at the margin. Albumen none. Embryo straight :
radicle next the hilum: cotyledons foliaceous, palmatinerved.—Stem
succulent, climbing by means of tendrils usually lateral and formed of
abortive stipules. Leaves palmatinerved, alternate. Flowers usually
unisexual.

TRIBE I.—NHANDIROBER. St. Hil.

Tendrils axillary, formed probably of abortive peduncles. Flowers diccious.

I?. ZANONIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 816.

' Flowers diecious.—Matr. Calyx 3-lobed. Petals 5, patent, united into
a 5-partite rotate corolla. Stamens 5; filaments flat, connate at their base:
anthers adnate, 1-celled (DC.)—F um. Calyx-tube cohering with the ovary :
limb 5-lobed. Corolla as in the male. Ovary 3-celled. Styles 3, patent,
bifid at the apex. Fruit fleshy, marked round the apex by a circular line,
3-celled, opening at the top by 3 valves: placenta central, fleshy, large; -
angled. Seeds ovate, with a large foliaceous border. Embryo without al-
bumen, inverted.—Climbing glabrous plants. Leaves alternate, petioled,
without stipules, ovate-elliptical or ovate-lanceolate, rounded or cordate at
the base, quite entire. Tendrils axillary. Peduncles axillary, racemose.
wer
and Bart De Canola seater tn perdet a to th rues d

have seen specimens, and the generic character given by him does not even apply to
both his species. We have not seen specimens of any of the species.

1050. (1) Z. Indica (Linn.:) leaves elliptical, acute, slightly cordate at the
base: racemes axillary: ovary clavate, with 2 ovules in each cell: fruit
oblong, elongated, tapering from the apex to the base, slightly S-angled.—
no ti 3. p. 208 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 932; Lam. ill. t. 816.—Rheed. Mal. 8.
. 47, 48.

* A pepo or peponida is a fleshy inferior fruit, either indehiscent or bursting irregularly, and consist-
these » each of which is divided into two cells by its Edi US margin ed

osing the general character of dissepiments, they might to disappear; and thus at
pS moni be seid to be, and has been b danon 1-celled, fleshy, indehiscent fruit, vi
Less centas that send out sometimes false dissepiments towards the axis, as the cucum

E ann. CUCURBITACER. ET

:

TRIBE IL—CUCURBITEXE *. DC.

| "Tendrils lateral, formed of abortive stipules. Flowers bisexual, diccious, or mo-
necious. Fruit a peponida or berry.

IL LAGENARIA. Seringe.

Flowers monecious. Calyx campanulate : segments subulate or broadish,
shorter than the tube. Corolla (white): petals obovate, springing from with-
in the margin of the calyx.—Marz. Stamens 5, triadelphous: anthers very
flexuose.—Fxw. Style scarcely any. Stigmas 3, thick, 2-lobed, granular.
Peponida fleshy, indehiscent. Seeds numerous, obovate, compressed, with a
tumid border 2-lobed at the apex.

1051. (1) L. vulgaris (Ser.:) softly pubescent; stem climbing: tendrils
3-4-cleft: leaves cordate, nearly entire or lobed, the lobes obtuse or acute,
somewhat glaucous, with 2 glands at the base: flowers fascicled : petals
very patent : connectivum of the anthers covered with oblong acute papillee :
fruit pubescent, at length nearly glabrous and very smooth.—Ser. in DC.
prod. 3. p. 299; Wight! cat. n. 1098.— Cucurbita Lagenaria, Linn. sp. p. 1434;
Lam. ill. t. 795. f. 25. Spr. syst. 3. p. 45; Roxb. fi. Ind. 3. p. 718; Wall. L.
n. 6719.— Moris. hist. 1. t. 5. f. 1-8 ; Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 1, 4, 5; Rumph. Amb.
5. t. 144.

X

III. CUCUMIS. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 88 ; Lam. ill. t. 795.

Flowers moneecious or bisexual. Calyx tubular-campanulate. Segments
subulate, scarcely the length of the tube. Petals (yellow) scarcely united
together and with the calyx.—Marr. Stamens 5, triadelphous.—Fzw. Stig-
mas 3 (or occasionally 4), thick, bipartite. Peponida fleshy, indehiscent or
(rarely) bursting irregularly. Seeds ovate, compressed, not margined, acute
at the hilum.—Flowers axillary, peduncled, solitary or several together.

' Besides the following, Dr Wallich notices in his List (n. 6727) a species from the
Missionary Garden named doubtfully C. cheta, which we have not seen. .

1052. (1) C. Melo (Linn.:) stems prostrate, scabrous : leaves rounded,
angled : male flowers with the calyx-tube slightly ventricose at the base and
dilated at the apex: stamens included ; anthers shorter than the connecti-
yum: bisexual flowers with the anthers as in the male: stigmas 3—4, shortly
2-lobed: fruit ovate or somewhat globose, 8-12-furrowed— DC. prod. 3.
P. 300; Spr. syst. 3. p. 46; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 720; Wall. L. n. 6788;
Wight ! cat. n. 1099.— Moris. hist. 1. t. 6. f. 4. Ren

1053. (2) C. Momordica (Roxb.:) stem scabrous : leaves roundish-cordate,
terrai ree or iiic euer repand-toothed : flowers dT
duneled, males fascicled, female solitary: petals slightly acute: iem ey. m
dric-oblong, straight, 4 times longer than thick, bursting spontaneously, (

inches long).— Roab. fl. Ind. 3. p. 720 ; Wight ! eat. n. — a
tus, Willd.? sp. 4. p. 613; DC.? prod. 3. p. 301; Spr.? syst. 3. p. 46; Wall.*
L. n. 6735. —Momordica sativa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 456. hus

We have not at present before us the ripe fruit, our description of waa
taken from Roxburgh : our only doubt of this being also C. RO Wild uld.,
anses from Roxburgh not mentioning the asperities from which enow

* Ev | aware of the almost insurmountable difficulties at-
tendant on the qe dn E. Gown del seca ANMOUgh Dur, Own materials on I
hole be tolerabl complete, yet with the additional assistance of drawings, we frequently could not de-
termine whether s alicrationson the Linnean distribution of the species ought to be received or re-
Jected : we have cons: it, however, more prudent to follow Roxburgh as closely as possible, as his
PPortunities of examining both seeds and stamens must have been most ample.

342 | CUCURBITACE E. Cucumis,

1054. (3) C. sativus (Linn.:) stem scabrous: leaves cordate, 5-lobed, the
terminal lobe the longest: flowers shortly peduncled, about 3 together
(largish) ; males with the ealyx-tube tubular-campanulate, and the limb pa-
tent and deflexed : petals a little acute: fruit linear-oblong, straight, some-
what triquetrous, at first tubercled, when ripe smoothish and often shining,
indehiscent.—DC. prod. 3. p. 300; Spr. syst. 8. p. 46; Lam. ill. t. 795;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 720; Wall. L. n. 6737 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1101.—Moris. hist.
1.7. 6. f. 6; Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 6.

» *1055. (4) C. flexuosus (Linn. :) stem scabrous, flexuose : leaves cordate-
ovate, somewhat lobed, slightly toothed: flowers fascicled: calyx very hairy:
fruit clongated, cylindric and slightly clavate, furrowed, flexuose.— DC.
prod. 3. p. 300; Spr. syst. 3. p. 46.— Moris. hist. 1. t. 6. f. T.

1056. (5) C. utilissimus (Roxb. :) stems scabrous: leaves broad-cordate,
more or less 5-lobed, lobes rounded and toothed: male flowers crowded,
female solitary: fruit short oval, when young pubescent, when old glabrous,
variegated, (4-6 inches long and 3-4 thick).—.Rozb. fl. Ind. 8. p. 721; in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 462; Wail. L. n. 6781.

1057. (6) C. pubescens (Willd.:) stems scabrous: leaves somewhat reni-
form, repandly and acutely toothed, slightly angled, the angles obtuse or
acute, petals slightly acute: fruit oval, obtuse at both ends, terete, spotted,
more or less pubescent, (about 1 or 14 inch long).— Willd. sp. 4. p. 614; DC.
prod. 3. p. 301 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 46; Wight! cat. n. 1102.—C. maderaspata-
- ee Jl. Ind. 3. p. 123; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 465; Wall.! L. n. 6794

partly ).

We have not seen the Linnzean specimen of C. maderaspatanus, but from
the description given, and figure of Plukenet quoted, it is Bryonia scabrella.
We are rather uncertain about C. pubescens, Wall. ! L. n. 6729, as the unripe
fruit is clavate and on a longish peduncle: perhaps it belongs to C. trigonus 6.

.. 1058. (7) C. maculatus (Willd.:) stems scabrous : leaves roundish reniform,
obsoletely lobed, toothed : petals slightly acute: connectivum much produced
beyond the anthers : fruit pyriform, terete, spotted, glabrous, (about 24 inches
long).— Willd. sp. 4. p. 614 3 Ser. mem. sur les Cucurb. t. 8; DC. prod. 3.
` p. 801; Spr. syst. 3. p. 46.

1059. (8) C. turbinatus (Roxb.:) stems scabrous : leaves palmately lobed ;
lobes obovate, repandly and sharply toothed ; sinus obtuse : female flowers
Moria rn a Par nr mec 3-sided and bluntly 3-angled, paar i s
B'abrous, (scarcely 2 inches long).— Rozb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 723.—C. OPI
Road. to D-T- Cime aaa Oe Dl :

1060. (9) C. trigonus (Roxb.:) stems scabrous: leaves 5-lobed; lobes
rounded, repandly and sharply toothed ; male flowers crowded ; female s0-
litary: fruit oval, rounded at both ends, obsoletely 3-angled, 10-striated,
poe (about 14 inch long and 1} thiek).—2; lobes of the leaves very

roadly obovate, and almost touching each other at their broadest part, sinus
rounded.— Wight! cat. n. 1103.—C. trigonus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 122; in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 463.—£ ; lobes quite distinet, sinus widening upwards.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1104.—C. maderaspatanus, Wall. / L. n. 6734 (partly).

* 1061. (10) C. prophetarum (Linn.:) leaves cordate, 5-lobed, toothed,
lobes obtuse: flowers 2-5 together; males with a campanulate calyx an
obovate petals ; females with the tube of the calyx globose, 12-striated, his-
pid, the limb campanulate and crowned with the teeth : fruit Lege a ,
variegated, (the size of a cherry).—DC. prod. 3. p. 301; Spr. syst. 9. p. 54»
Wail. ? L. n. 6733. MR

1062. (11) C. Colocynthis (Linn. :) stems scabrous: leaves glabrous and
nearly quite smooth above, copiously muricated beneath with small white ihe
often hair-bearing tubercles, many-cleft and lobed, the lobes obtuse: ten

*

Devic: CUCURBITACE. : 343

short and simple: female flowers solitary: calyx-tube globose and hispid ;
segments of the limb narrow-linear: fruit globose, glabrous ; flesh bas o
ter.—DC. prod. 3. p. 302 ; Spr. syst. 3. p.47; Roab. fi. Ind. 3. p. 719; L
L. n. 6732 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1105.— Moris. hist. 1. t. 6. f. 1.

1063. (12) C. missionis (Wall.)— Wall. L. n. 6728.—Tranquebar.

IV. LUFFA. Tourn.; Cav.

Flowers monecious or rarely diwcious. Calyx 5-toothed; tube in the
male campanulate, in the female oblong-clavate. Petals 5, distinct, some-
what deciduous.—Marr. Stamens 5, distinct, 2-3-adelphous.—F xw. Stamens
more or less abortive. Style 3-cleft. Stigmas reniform or bipartite. Pepo-
nida becoming at length dry and inwardly fibrous, usually opening by the
fall or decay of a lid or stopple at the apex, sometimes indehiscent. Seeds
usually (always ?) with elevated or depressed dots.—Male flowers racemose :
female solitary.

1064. (1) L. pentandra (Roxb.:) lower leaves acutely angled, upper ones
palmate with lanceolate segments : male racemes (large) on a long peduncle ;
stamens distinct: calyx-segments of the female flowers covered with glands :
fruit linear-oblong, smooth, marked with 10 longitudinal lines but not ribbed,
(1-3 feet long and about 3 inches thick): seeds (gray) with elevated dots
and sharp waved margins.—Roab. hort. Bengh. p. 70; fl. Ind. 3. p. 712 ;
Wall. L. n. 6751.—L. Cattupicinna, Ser. in DC. prod. 3. p. 303.—L. Petola,
Ser. l. c. (char. bad).—Cucumis pentandrus, Roab. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 459.
—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 8; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 147.

1065. (2) L. acutangula (Roxb.:) stems glabrous: leaves 5-angled or 5-
lobed, a little scabrous or nearly glabrous: male racemes long peduncled ;
stamens distinct : calyx-segments of the female flowers covered with glands:
fruit (about a foot long and 2-3 inches thick) clavate, obtuse, or shortly
pointed, pretty smooth, 10-angled, the angles sharp and smooth ; lid incon-
Spicuous, not separating spontaneously: seeds (black), irregularly pitted, 2-
lobed at the base.— Rozb. hort. Bengh. p. 10; fl. Ind. 3. p. 713; DC. prod.
3. p. 302 ; Wall. L. n. 6759; Wight! cat. n. 1106.—Cucumis acutangulus,
Linn.; Spr. syst. 3. p. 46; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 458 ; Wall.! L. n. 6736.
—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 7 ; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 149.

Roxburgh, in his drawing of this species, represents only three stamens,
but all our specimens agree with Seringe's description that there are five and
distinct, Roxburgh describes the fruit obtuse, but he quotes the above figure
of Rheede, where it is shortly pointed.

1066. (3) L. amara (Roxb.:) stems slender: leaves a little scabrous,
Toundish-cordate, slightly 5-7-lobed: male racemes long-peduncled ; sta-
mens adelphous: fruit (3-4 inches long and 1 thick) oblong, es to-
wards each end; acutely 10-angled; lid deciduous: seeds (blackis gray)
marked with elevated minute black dots ; margin tumid, 2-lobed at the we.
Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 70 ; fl. Ind. 3. p. 115; Wall. L. n. 6754. a? ; Wight! E
n. 1107.—L. Plukenetiana, Ser. in DC. prod. 3. p. 302.—Cucumis opercula-
tus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 460.— Pluk. t. 172. f. 1. ^

In our specimens the stems are slightly scabrous: Roxburgh says they are
as In L. acutangula. i ai

1067. (4) L. echinata (Roxb. :) stems very slightly hairy : leaves somew

airy, BE des on nein he veins underneath, about 5-lobed, repand-
toothed: tendrils bifid: flowers small, dicecious ; male racemes longer than
the leaves ; stamens triadelphous : fruit oval, echinate with long straight ra-
ther soft diverging bristles: lid deciduous.—Rozb. ff. Ind. 3. p. 716 ; in E. I.
C. mus. tab. 1694.

-—

E 344 - CUCURBITACE.K. BENINCASA.

1068. (5) L. tuberosa (Roxb.:). root tuberous, perennial: stems glabrous,
slender: leaves reniform-cordate, 5-7-angled or lobed, toothed, quite gla-
brous: tendrils simple: flowers small, white ; male racemes few-flowered,
very short: stamens diadelphous (3 and 2): female flowers solitary, long-
peduneled: fruit (14 inch long and half an inch thick) oblong, tapering at
each end, smooth, with 8 sharp ridges, indehiscent.— Rob. fl. Ind. 3. p. 717;
Wight! cat. n. 1108.—L. amara, Wall.! L. n. 6754. b.—Cucumis tuberosus,
Roxb. in-E. I. C. mus. tab. 461; Ainsl. mat. med. Hind. p. 236.——Cirears,
Roxburgh, Heyne. Mysore, Heyne.—Tutacoryn, Klein.

t 1069. (6) L. Kleinii (W. & A.:) stems suleated, glabrous: leaves on
long petioles, cordate, 3—5- ngled or slightly lobed, scarcely scabrous, sharp-
ly toothed ; middle lobe the longest, triangular-acuminated : tendrils long, bi-

d: male racemes long-peduncled; female on a short peduncle: stamens and
anthers distinct: fruit (very immature) oval, tomentose.— Wight ! cat. n. 1139.
—Cucurbita umbellata, Klein. ; Willd. sp. 4. p. 608 ; DC. prod.3. p. 318 ; Spr.
syst. 8. p. 45 ; Wall.! L. n. 6724. Mirittupadu ; Travancore, Klein.

We have no doubt about the genus, but from the great imperfection of all
the specimens yet known, it is impossible to characterise the species perfectly.

V. BENINCASA. Savi.

Flowers polygamous, moneecious, or occasionally bisexual. Calyx-seg-
ments short, broad, waved and toothed on the margin. Corolla 5-partite ;
segments roundish-obovate, spreading, waved and curled.—Mate. Stamens
triadelphous, divaricating. Filaments short, broad. Anthers very irregular.
—Fem. Stamens usually abortive. Stigma very thick, irregular. Pepo fleshy,
covered externally with numerous brittle hairs. Seeds thickish on the mar-
gin.—Every where very hairy, with a musky smell. Leaves cordate, some-
what 5-lobed, the lobes acutish and crenated. Tendrils simple. Fruit from
ovate to cylindrical, short or elongated, glaucous and covered with hairs.

1070. (1) B. cerifera (Savi.)—Ser. mem. sur les Cucurb. t. 4; DC. pr ->
p. 303; Wight ! cat. n. 1109.—Cucurbita cerifera, Fisch —C. hispida, Willd. *
sp. 4. p. 608; Spr. ? syst. 3. p. 46; Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 6723.—C. Pepo,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 718.—C. alba, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tub. 451.— :
Mail. 8.t. 3.

Our specimens were obtained from a plant that came up accidentally
among some rubbish at Samulcottah.

VI. BRYONIA. Linn.; Gert. Sr. t. 88.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx 5-toothed, as long as the undivided part of the
corolla. Corolla 5-partite or 5-petalled, or not exceeding the calyx.—Mat#-
Stamens triadelphous. Anthers flexuose or nearly straight.—F Ex. Calyx
exceedingly constricted between the limb and the tube. Style 3-fid. Fruit

berry, ovate, or oval or globose, generally few-seeded.

Although the berry of this genus be no doubt a modification of a peponida, it does
not present the regular structure of that kind of fruit.

1071. (1) B. Garcini (Willd.:) stem glabrous: tendrils simple: leaves
deeply 3-5-lobed, bristle-toothed, more or less scabrous: bracteas
large, reniform, ciliated : berries small, inverse-reniform, 2-seeded : se ob-
long, thickest at the margin.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 623; DC. prod. 3 p. 908; Sir.

syst. 3. p. 17 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 27 ; Wall.! L, n. 6712 ; Wight! cat. n. 11
Linn. mant.

— B. reniformis, Rorb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 468.—Sicyos Gareini,
p. 297; Burm. Ind. t. 57. f. 3.” :

A

BzNiNCAsA. CUCURBITACE X. 345

1072..(2) B. laciniosa (Linn.:) stems glabrous: tendrils bifid: leaves
slightly scabrous, palmately 5-lobed ; segments oblong-lanceolate, acumi-
nated, serrated: petioles shorter than the leaves, muricated: male flowers fas-
cicled ; female solitary in the same axil: berries (size of a cherry) spherical,
glabrous, 3-celled : seeds few in each cell, with a pulpy arillus, tuberose mar-
gins, and gibbous suberose sides.—Linn. sp. p. 624; DC. prod. 3. p.908;
ao Sa 3. p. 17 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 728; Wall.! L. n. 6699 ; Wight! cat.
n. à

1073. (3) B. leiosperma (W. & A.:) stems, petioles and peduncles hispid
and scabrous: tendrils simple: leaves cordate, 5-angled, or slightly 5-lobed,
middle segment triangular, repand-toothed ; upper side callous-scabrous, un-
der densely hairy : flowers short peduncled, both kinds fascicled, the female
in different axils from the male: berry globose, (size of a large pea), glabrous:
seeds several, surrounded by a broad tumid zone, smooth.—Wight! cat. n.
1112.—B. scabrella, Wall.! L. n. 6708. i. Dindygul hills.

Of this we have two states before us; the one with leaves softly hairy or
almost tomentose on the under side ; the other has them very harshly hirsute.
It is with great reluctance that we separate this from the following: the ha-
bit is quite the same, and we know of no difference except in the seed.

1074. (4) B. scabrella (Linn.:) stems, petioles and peduncles hispid and
scabrous: tendrils simple: leaves cordate, lobed or angled, scabrous on the
upper side, scabrous and hispid on the under: flowers short-peduncled ; males
fascicled ; female 1—4, in different axils from the male: berry globular, (size of
a pea), glabrous or sprinkled with a few bristly hairs: seeds several, sur-
rounded by a narrow zone, rugose from numerous shallow hollows.—«, Pluke-
netii; leaves acutely 5-lobed, the middle lobe often longer than the others ;
berries usually 2-4-together.— Wight! cat. n. 1113.—B. scabrella, Linn. suppl.
p. 424; DC. prod. 8. p. 306 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 16; Wall.! L. n. 6708 (partly).—
B. Maderaspatana, Berg.; DC. I. e—Cucumis Maderaspatanus, Linn.; Spr.
l. c. p. 46.— Pluk. t. 170. f. 2 (good).—#, Rheedei ; leaves larger, acutely 5-
angled ; berries usually 2-4 together.— Wight! cat. n. 11 14.—B. scabrella,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 424; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 466 ; Wall.! L. n. 6708 (partly).
— B. altheoides, Ser. in DC. prod. l. c.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 13.—»y, Rottleri ;
leaves small, scarcely angled ; berries solitary.— Wight ! cat. n. 1115.—B. sca-
bra, Rottl. | —B. Rottleri, Spr. l. c. p. 15.—B. scabrella, Wall.! L. n. 6708. f.

1075. (5) B. Maysorensis (herb. Madr. !) stems glabrous, smooth : tendrils
simple : ion se ash niei a usually 5-angled or lobed ; slightly
scabrous: male flowers in a simple or proliferous umbel at the apex of a long
slender peduncle ; female very shortly peduncled, solitary, often in the same
axils with the males, rarely several umbellate at the apex of a long peduncle:
calyx-tube and ovary narrow-oval: berry longish-oval, glabrous, copiously
marked before maturity with small shallow pits: seeds smooth, surround
with a zone, quite flat on the sides.— Wall. ! L. n. 6702 ; Wight! cat. n. 1116.

_ 1076. (6) B. Hookeriana (W. & A. :) stems glabrous and smooth : tendrils
simple: leaves cordate, sharply repand-toothed, acutely p or lobed, the
middle lobe acuminated ; upper side scabrous, under slightly hairy along the
herves and veins: male flowers in a simple or proliferous umbel at the extre--
mity of a longish peduncle ; females often several in an umbel at the apex of
à long peduncle, in a different axil from the males, and also solitary on a
simple short peduncle in the same axils with the (male or female) umbellate
flowers : calyx-tube and ovary globose: berry globose, glabrous : seeds flat.

—Wight! cat. n. 1117.

1077. (7) B. umbellata (herb. Madr. :) dicecious : root perennial, consisting
of several tubers : stems glabrous: tendrils simple: leaves on very short pe-
Holes, cordate, or sagittate, or hirsute at the base (the lobes longer than the

P

346 CUCURBITACE. BENINCASA.

petiole), from oblong and entire, or roundish and angled, to more or less
deeply 3-5-lobed or sometimes palmately 5-partite, sinuate and sharply
toothed, scabrous on the upper side, smoothish and somewhat glabrous on
the under, somewhat coriaceous: male flowers umbelled or shortly racemose
at the apex of a longish slender peduncle ; pedicels with a small narrow-ob-
long bracteole about their middle : calyx campanulate : females on a different
plant, solitary, short peduncled : berry (about the size of a pigeon’s egg) ob-
long, slightly angled, many-sceded : seeds (size of a small cherry-stone) or-
bicular, a little compressed, surrounded with an inconspicuously warted zone ;
sides convex, smooth.—Wilid. sp. 4. p. 618 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 305; Spr. syst.
3. p. 16 ; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 470 ; Wall.! L. n. 6705 (partly) ; Wight!
cat. n. 1122.— B. sinuosa, Wall.! L. n. 6716.—B. Rheedei, Blume ; DC. l. c.
Momordica umbellata, Roab. f. Ind. 3. p. 710,— Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 26.

The shape of the leaves in this plant is so variable as well to merit the ap-
pellation given to it by Dr Wallich, “ species vere pantomorpha.” It is use-
less to separate it into varieties, as scarcely two leaves, even on the same
specimen, are alike. Rheede's figure represents the most simple kind, but
we have others before us cleft nearly to the base into long narrow linear-ob-
long segments. The appearance of the fruit is variable: its regular shape 1s
perfectly oval, but by the abortion of seeds in the upper part we have seen it
ovate as in Rheede’s figure ; or, by their abortion in the lower half, obovate:
we have never observed a decided beak.—We scarcely know why Roxburgh
placed it in Momordica: the fruit does not appear to burst open when ripe,
nor are the seeds covered with the fleshy and juicy arillus of that genus: 1n
habit it is often so like B. amplewicaulis that the flowers and fruit are requi-
site to enable one to discriminate them.

, 1078. (8) B. amplexicaulis (Lam. :) monæcious : stems glabrous: tendrils
simple: leaves on very short petioles, or almost sessile, deeply cordate or
sagittate at the base (the lobes much longer than the petiole), ovate or ob-
lon ; entire or angled, mucronate, sinuate and toothed, callous-dotted and
slightly scabrous on the upper side, glabrous and smooth on the under, some-
what coriaceous: male flowers in an umbel at the apex of a slender peduncle
rather shorter than the leaves ; pedicels short, without bracteoles ; calyx
campanulate : females solitary, very short-peduncled, in the same or different
axils from the males : berry (smaller than a hazel-nut) broadly ovate, ros-
trate, few- (about 4-) seeded: seeds oval, thick, compressed, surround
with a thick corky closely warted and rugose zone, the sides flattish, sprinkled
with little tubercles.— Lam. encyel. meth: 1. p. 496 (descr. good) ; DC. prod.
3. p. 306 ; Wight! cat. n. 1121.—B. umbellata, Wall. ! L. n. 6705. k, 1 (and
perhaps some others).—-— Southern Provinces.

. 1079. (9) B. epigea (Rottl.:) stem glabrous, often very flexuose at the
joints : tendrils simple: leaves somewhat fleshy, on longish petioles, cordate,
sometimes only obtusely angled, usually 3-lobed, densely covered on both
sides with short bristly hairs ; lobes rounded, the lateral ones the broadest
and slightly 2-lobed, all remotely and slightly toothed: male flowers shortly
racemose at the apex of a long thickish peduncle; calyx campanulate: fe-
males shortish-peduncled, solitary, in the same or different axils from the
males: i ovate, rostrate, glabrous, few-seeded : seeds (white) compressed,
with the sides slightly convex.— Wild, 8p. 4. p. 619 (descr. good) ; Spr. syst.
3. p. 16; Wall.! L. n. 6709; Wight! cat. n. 1120—B. glabra, Roxb. fl. Ind.
3. p. 725 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab*467.—B. palmata, Wall.! L. n. 6711. d.

The description of B. epigea in De Candolle's prodromus, taken pon
Blume, can by no means be identified with our plant.

1080. (10) B. rostrata (Rottl.!) stems slender, hairy, or pubescent: ten-
tils simple: leaves on longish petioles, roundish-cordate, sinuate, toothed,
t: male flowers usually two together, pedicelled, on a slender pe^.

CocerN1A. CUCURBITACE. 347

duncle longer than the petiole; calyx campanulate: female solitary, very
shortly peduncled, in the same axils with the male: berry ovate, rostrate,
longitudinally striated, hairy, 2-6-seeded: seeds (black) compressed, with a
thin margin ; sides gibbous.— Willd. sp. 4. p. 616 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 304 ; Spr.
syst. 3. p. 15 ; Wall.! L. n. 6701 ; Wight! cat. n. 1119.—B. pilosa, Roxb. fl.
Ind. 3. p. 726; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 469. s

* 1081. (11) B. tubiflora (W. & A.:) stems slender, slightly scabrous : ten-
drils simple : leaves longish petioled, cordate, 5-lobed, the middle lobe the
longest and lanceolate, the others ovate, all sinuate and toothed, scabrous
and hispid with short hairs on both sides: male flowers in a short corymbose
raceme at the apex of a longish peduncle; pedicels persistent; calyx elon-
gated, tubular ; anthers all united together (syngenesious) : females axillary,
solitary, short-peduncled : fruit ovate, rostrate, sprinkled with a few short

irs: seeds several, irregularly reticulated with shallow hollows, cylindrical,
truncated at the one end, suddenly compressed at the other.— Wight ! cat.
n. 1118.

Our specimens were obtained from Klein’s herbarium, and marked as found
at Trincomalee in Ceylon in February 1796. We do not know that it has
been found on the Peninsula. Specimens of it were sent to Dr Wallich,
without a name, so that it may be his B. ? Wightiana, Wall. L. n. 6703.

t1082. (12) B. cal/osa (herb. Madr.)—Wall. L. n. 6710.—B. punctata,
Spr. syst. 3. p. 15 (partly).

t 1083. (13) B. cheirophylla (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 6715.

VII. COCCINIA. W.& A.

Flowers dicecious. Calyx 5-cleft; segments subulate. Corolla much lar-
gerthan the calyx, campanulate, 5-cleft ; segments ovate, acuminated. Marx.
Calyx very short. Stamens all united at the base into one slender column.
Anthers distinct and connivent, very anfractuose.—F Ew. Calyx-tube oblong,
attenuated at the apex under the limb. Stamens abortive, triadelphous.
Style short, 3-cleft: stigmas bifid. Pepo somewhat baccate, oblong, smooth,
3-celled, when ripe bursting irregularly. Seeds numerous, ovate, compressed,
covered with a gelatinous arillus.—Shrubby, climbing, glabrous. Tendrils
simple. Leaves on longish (about an inch long) petioles, cordate, from
roundish and entire to 5-angled or more or less 5-lobed, minutely toothed,
glabrous, nearly quite smooth, minutely dotted on the upper side, furnished
on the under near the base with several concave glands. Peduncles in both
male and female plants solitary, axillary, 1-flowered, bracteolate. Corolla
white, pretty large. Fruit before maturity marked with ten white streaks, '
when ripe bright red.

. This genus is allied to Cucurbita in its campanulate and 5-cleft corolla; to Sechium
in the mang hsishous stamens; to Jsetendion in its seeds and tendency of the fruit
to split; and to Bryonia in the highly coloured fruit and its qp baccate nature.
From both Momordica and Bryonia it is easily recognised by the
nal column, and several other characters. -

1084. (1) C. Indica (W. & A. ; leaves entire or 5-angled, or slightly
| lobed- Wight / cat. x 1 i Bad grandis, Linn. mant. p. 126; DC.
prod. 3. p. 305 (char. bad) ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 15 ; Wall. L. n. 6700.—B. moi-
moi, Ser. in DC. l. c.—Bryonia n. 356. Linn. fl. Zeyl.—Momordica monadel-
pha, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 708.—Cucurbita dioica, Roab. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 213.
—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 14; Burm. Zeyl. t. 19. f. 1, 2.—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 166,

: : P APR ec pA T. 736.

corolla, the stami- |

J 1.—# ; leaves deeply palmately 5-cleft, segments oblong, sinuate-lobed.— ~

-

348 CUCURBITACE. E. Momorpica.

Wight! cat. n. 1124.—B. palmata, Linn.? herb. Madr. ! ; DC.? l. c. p. 308 ;
Spr.? syst. 3. p. 17 ; Wall.! L. n. 6711, a, b, e. In almost every hedge.
x Pa

VIII. MOMORDICA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. 2. t. 88.

. Flowers monecious or diccious. Calyx 5-cleft. Corolla much longer
than the calyx, cleft down to the calyx-segments.—Marz. Stamens triadel-
phous.—Frw. Style 3-fid. Pepo fleshy, bursting when ripe, with or with-
out elastic force. Seeds enveloped in a fleshy arillus.

We have considerable doubts if M. tubiflora, Roxb. (Cucumis tubiflorus, Roxb. in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 1696, and apparently M. spicata, Linn. mst.) ought not to be re-
moved from the genus: the fruit is smooth, and bursts slowly and not with elasticity.
The true species, and among them all the Peninsular ones, form a very natura
group 5 they have a short calyx, the corolla 5-partite, æ muricated or prickl fruit,
that bursts elastically, the peduncles of both sexes solitary, the male one, and some-
times the female also, furnished with a large cordate bracteole.

* 1085. (1) M. Balsamina (Linn. :) annual: stems glabrous : leaves palmate-
ly 5-lobed, deeply toothed, glabrous, shining ; peduncles with a toothed cor-
date bracteole: fruit roundish-ovate, attenuated at both ends, tubercled,
bursting irregularly and laterally: seeds with a red arillus.— DC. prod. 3. p.
311; Spr. syst. 3. p. 14.— Moris. hist. 1. t. 6. f. 9.

Willdenow describes the bracteoles to be above the middle of the pedun-
cle; Seringe below the middle; but this discrepancy may be explained by

` the one having in view the male, the other the female peduncles: in the spe-
cimen we ourselves possess all the flowers happen to be male, and the brac-
teole is placed close to the flower, as in M. dioica, from which it differs by
the bracteole being toothed.

1086. (2) M. charantia (Linn. :) stems more or less hairy or villous : leaves
palmately 5-lobed, sinuate-toothed, when young more or less villous on the
under side, particularly on the nerves: peduncles slender with areniform brac- —
teole ; male ones with the bracteole about the middle, female with it near the
base: calyx-segments oblong: fruit oblong or ovate, tapering at both ends,
more or less tubercled or muricated: seeds with a thick notched margin and
red arillus.—2 ; fruit longer and more oblong, tubercled.—Linn. sp. p. 1499;
Wight! cat. n. 1125.—M. charantia, Willd. sp. 4. p. 602 : DC. prod. 2. p. es
(2); Spr. syst. 3. p. 14; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3.p. 707 ; Wall.! L. n. 6746.—Rheed.
Mal. 8. t. 9; Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 151.—95 ; fruit smaller, more ovate, muricated
and tubercled.— Linn. l. ¢.; Ser. in. DC. l c.; Wight ! cat. n. 1126.—M. mu-
ricata, Willd. l. e. ; DC. l. c. ; Spr. l. c. p. 15; Roxb. l. c. ; Wall. ! L.n. 6745.
— Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 10.

These two varieties present the extreme forms of the fruit, but there are
innumerable intermediate gradations.

1087. (3) M. dioica (Roxb.:) diwcious : root tuberous, perennial: stems.
glabrous or rarely slightly hairy : leaves longish petioled, cordate at the base,
from entire to 3—4-lobed, toothed, upper side slightly scabrous, under smo |
or nearly so : petioles without glands: eduncles slender, with entire be
teoles ; male with the bracteole close to ihe flower, cucullate, and concealing =
the lower part of the flower ; female with a smallish one near the base: calyx- — —
segments subulate : petals lanceolate: fruit (about the size and shape OF ® — —

artridge-egg) ovate, muricated : seeds oval, surrounded with a large red ati- —
us.—z« ; leaves cordate, acuminated, usually entire.— Wight ! cat. n. Lek :
M. dioica, Willd. sp. 4. p. 605; DC. prod. 3. p. 312; Spr. syst. 3. p. 14—^-
Missionis, Wall.! L. n. 6739.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 12 (fem.)—3; leaves 9-9-
lobed, lobes irregularly toothed.— Wight ! cat. n. 1128,—M. dioica, Rozb. J^
Ind. 3. p. 109 ; in-E. I.-C. mus. tab 455.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 18 (male)- 3 d
leaves deeply and sometimes palmately lobed, the lobes sinuated and sligh y à
Iobed.— Wight! cat. n. 1129.—M. Balsamina, Wall. L.n. 6741. °

*
TRICHOSANTHES. CUCURBITACE. 349

In some specimens of Wight, cat. n. 1129. the bracteas are woolly on the
outside.

1088. (4) M. mixta (Roxb.:) diccious: root tuberous, perennial: stems
glabrous: leaves 3-5-lobed or palmate, glabrous; lobes oblong, nearly quite
entire, or sometimes toothed ; petioles and margin of the leaves near their
base, furnished with several large umbilicated glands: peduncles (both male
and female) with a large cucullate bracteole close to the flowers and enclosing
its lower part ; the bracteoles emarginate, a little scabrous, particularly on the
margin near the base where the hairs proceed from glands: calyx campanu-
late: petals ovate: fruit (6-8 inches long and 3-4 thick) oval, sharply muri-
cated.— Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 70; fi. Ind. 3. p. 709; in E. I. C. mus. tab.
993; Wight! cat. n. 1130.—M. cochinchensis, Spr. syst. 3. p. 14.—Muricia
cochinchensis, Lour. coch. 2. p. 733. :

Our specimens were obtained from the Madras herbarium, without any
name or locality affixed. Roxburgh says it is a native of the thickets about
Calcutta, but we do not observe it mentioned in Wallich’s List. Our de-
scription of the fruit is taken from Roxburgh's drawings: the seeds are repre-
sented orbicular, about fully three-fourths of an inch in diameter.

t 1089. (5) M.? Heyneana (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 6744.
+1090. (6) M. humilis (herb. Madr.)—Wall. L. n. 6747.

IX. TRICHOSANTHES. Linn.

Flowers moneecious, rarely dicecious—Matr. Calyx somewhat clavate,
5-cleft ; segments subulate. Corolla 5-partite, ciliated. Stamens 5, triadel-
phous. Anthers very flexuose.—Fxw. Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla 5-partite,
čut and ciliated. Style 3-fid. Stigmas oblong-subulate. Peponida oblong :
or globose. Seeds imbedded in pulp.—Male flowers usually racemose, rare-
ly solitary : female generally solitary, rarely racemose.

.The genus Involucraria of Seringe (Mem. sur les Cucurb. t. 5) is scarcely dis-
tinet from Trichosanthes, and is very closely allied to T. palmata, T. globosa, Blume,
and T. heteroclita, Roxb. ; these species, as well as T. cordata Roxb. (T. tuberosa,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1691), having large bracteas on the raceme of male flow-

ers. From the specimens being much too little advanced, Seringe's figure represents
the bracteas and flowers as forming a short head instead of racemes.

Subgen. 1. EvrricnosantuEs.—Bracteas on the male racemes minute, many
times shorter than the pedicels.. Filaments and anthers triadelphous.

1091. (1) T. nervifolia (Linn.:) stem nearly glabrous and smooth: leaves
HERES ein Roce 2 sharply bristle-toothed, glabrous and
smooth, marked beneath with the prominent nerves and veins : tendrils bifid :
male flowers long-pedicelled on a very short simple or sometimes branched
peduncle: female solitary : fruit ovate.—DC. prod. 3. p. 314; Spr. syst. 3. p.
17; Wight ! cat. n. 1131.— Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 17——Malabar.

. +1092. (2) T. cuspidata (Lam.:) leaves cordate-acuminated, sharply
toothed, marked beneath with the prominent nerves and veins: tendrils sim-
ple: female flowers solitary : fruit turbinate-ovate, terminated by the tube .
of the calyx.— Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 188 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 314.—T. caudata,
Willd. sp. 4. p. 600 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 17.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 16.—Malabar.

This species has been seen by no modern botanist, the descriptions being
all taken from Rheede. We suspect that the figure was made from a young
plant, an opinion which is confirmed by the diminutive seeds ; and, if we be
correct, there is nothing to prevent this species being considered identical
with the last, the tentials of which sometimes also appear simple by the al-
most total abortion of one of their divisions.

350 CUCURBITACE Æ. CUCURBITA.

1093. (3.) T. anguina (Linn. :) annual, climbing: leaves more or less 5-
lobed : tendrils 3-fid : male flowers in a long peduncled raceme, with small
entire bracteas at the base of the pedicels ; female solitary on a short peduncle
from the same axils with the male: fruit spindle-shaped.— DC. prod. 3. p.
314; Spr. syst. 3. p. 17 ; Lam. ill. t. T94 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 701; Wall.! L.
n. 6687 (partly) ; Wight! cat. n. 1132.—Cucumis anguinus, Linn. (according
to Lamarck).— Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 148.

1094. (4) T. cucumerina (Linn.:) annual, climbing: leaves broadly cor-
date, 3—7-angled or lobed, toothed or serrated, pubescent or glabrous: ten-
drils 3-cleft: male flowers shortly racemose at the apex of a. long peduncle;
female solitary, short-peduncled, often from the same axils with the males:
fruit ovate, pointed.— Roa. fl. Ind. 3. p. 702 ; Wall.! L. n. 6690.—z ; leaves
angled, repandly toothed.— Wight! cat. n. 1133.— T. cucumerina, Linn. ;
DC. prod. 3. p. 315 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 18 ; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 454.—
Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 15.—8 ; leaves lobed, lobes obovate or rounded, toothed.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1134.—T. laciniosa, herb. Madr. s Rottl.! ; Klein in Wilid. sp.
4. p. 601; DC. l. c. ; Spr. l. c.—y; leaves lobed, lobes acute or acuminated,
serrated.— Wight ! cat. n. 1135.

There appear to be many gradations between these two varieties. We
have some doubts if T. lobata, Roxb. (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 992), be not
another form of this species: it only differs from our var. £, by the fruit being
linear-oblong and pointed, not ovate.

Subgen. 2. Invorvcraria.—Bracteas on the male racemes large, foliaceous,
many times longer than the very short pedicels. Filaments 3-adelphous.
Anthers syngenesious, very anfractuose.

1095. (5) T. palmata (Roxb.:) perennial, climbing: leaves palmately-
lobed, toothed, with usually a few flat glands scattered on the under side:
tendrils 3-cleft: male-flowers racemose, with a large ovate or obovate cut
and toothed bracteole at the base of each very short pedicel; female solitary
in the same axils as the male, or occasionally racemose: calyx-segments
ovate, deeply toothed or serrated: fruit globose: seeds pretty numerous,
oblong, compressed.—« ; leaves glabrous, sometimes slightly scabrous, deep-
ly lobed; the lobes sometimes again lobed and with the segments narrow linear-
lanceolate.—Wight! cat. n. 1136.—5 ; leaves glabrous or „slightly scabrous,
palmately lobed ; lobes broad-lanceolate or oblong, entire or again lobed.—
Wight! cat. n. 1137.—T. palmata, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 704; Wall.! L. n. 6688.
—T. kakidonda, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 458. —T. laciniosa, Wight! in
Wall.! L. n. 6689.—T. anguina, Wall.! L. n. 6687, f.—Modecca bracteata,
Lam. ene. meth. 4. p. 210; DC. prod. 3. p. 337 ; Spr. syst. 8. p. 45.—y ; leaves
palmately lobed, pubescent (when young) on the under side $ lobes Ae
or oblong.— Wight ! cat. n. 1138.—T. cucumerina, herb, Rottl.! ; Klein: +
Wall. L. n. 6690. a ?—T. cordata, Wall. L. n. 6687, e? :

„It is not improbable that Znvolucraria Wallichii, Ser., belongs to this spe-
cies; the specimen is obviously very little advanced, the flowers not being
expanded, and in that state the calyx appears sometimes as if quite entiré :
the peduncle, however, of the female flower, if intended for our plant, 1s re-
presented too long,

X. CUCURBITA. Linn. ; Gertn. Sr. 2. t. 88. f. 5.

Flowers monecious. Corolla campanulate, 5-cleft, the petals being much
united with each other.—Marr. Calyx campanulate. Stamens 5, triadel--
phous, converging.—F xw. Calyx obovate-clavate, after flowering splitting
across below the limb. Anthers often sterile. Style 3-fid. Stigmas 3, thick= ee

CUCURBITA. CUCURBITACEÆ. 351

ened and 2-lobed. Peponida fleshy. Seed ovate, compressed, with a tumid
margin.—F lowers yellow.

1096. (1) C. maxima (Duch.:) leaves cordate, rugose, harshly and densely
pubescent on the under side: petioles hispid: flowers campanulate, broad at
the base: segments of the calyx often dilated at the apex into an obovate-
oblong toothed foliaceous limb: divisions of the corolla recurved: fruit large,
roundish, glabrous, torulose.— Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 149, 151; Ser. in DC.
prod. 3. p. 316; Wall.? L. n. 6720; Wight! cat. n. 1140.—C. Melopepo,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 719 ; Spr.? syst. 3. p. 46.—Rheed. Mal. 8. t. 2 press

That this is the plant of Rheede there is no doubt, but it is singular that,
although his figure be excellent, no botanist, except Roxburgh, refers to it.
Can this be C. Melopepo of Linneus. We have no means of ascertaining to
what C. Melopepo ? Russ. in Wall. L. n. 6725, ought to be referred: it pro-
bably is a variety of C. Pepo. From the want of good figures scarcely one
botanist knows what species of this genus is intended by another.

1097. (2) C. Pepo (Linn.:) leaves cordate, obtuse, somewhat 5-lobed,
toothed, hirsute : flowers obconical-campanulate, tapering towards the base:
divisions of the corolla straight and erect: fruit roundish or oblong, smooth.
DC. prod. 3. p. 317 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 46; Wall. L. n. 6722.—C. polymorpha
"ri oblonga, Duch. in Lam. enc. meth. 2. p. 155.— Moris. hist. 1. t. 5. f. 4,

6.

>

Probably, as suggested by Duchesne, all the species which have the flow-
ers obconical or tapering at the base with a straight limb to the corolla, ought
to be referred here, whatever be the size or appearance of the fruit.

, 1098. (3) C.? Citrullus (Linn.:) leaves 3-5-partite, rough on the under
side, the segments sinuate-pinnatifid, obtuse: corolla rotate: fruit somewhat
globose, stellately spotted.—sSpr. syst. 8. p. 46; Roab. fl. Ind. 3. p. 719. ;
Wall.! L. n. 6717 ; Wight! cat. n. 1141.—Cucumis Citrullus, Ser. in DC.
en 3. p. 301.— Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 146. f. 1; Moris. hist. 1. t. 6. f. 2 ; Pluk.
, AE
Although we leave this, with Linneeus and most botanists, in Cucurbita, we
ave considerable doubts of the propriety of so doing: its habit, texture of
the leaves, shape of the corolla, nature of the fruit and its rind, are much at
variance with the others; but we can scarcely agree to remove it to Cucumis,
as has been done by Seringe, although in more than one point it bears a con-
siderable affinity to C. Colocynthis.

ORDER LXVIIL—PAPAYACE/E. gardh.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx minute, 5-toothed. Corolla monopeta-
lous, inserted into the base of the calyx, in the male tubular and 5-
lobed ; in the female divided nearly to the base into five segments.
Stamens 10, inserted on the throat of the corolla: anthers introrse, 2-
celled, bursting longitudinally ; those alternate with the lobes of the
corolla on short filaments, those opposite to the lobes sessile. Ovarium
free, l-celled : ovules indefinite: stigmas sessile, 5-lobed, lacerated.
Placentas 5, parietal. Fruit succulent, indehiscent, l-celled. Seeds
indefinite, parietal, enveloped in a loose mucous coat : testa brittle,
Pitted. Embryo in the axis of a fleshy albumen : radicle slender, turn-
ed towards the hilum: cotyledons flat.— Trees without branches.

ves alternate, lobed, on long slender petioles.

352 . PASSIFLORE Æ. PASSIFLORA.

I. CARICA. Linn.—Papaya. Gertn. fr. 2. t. 122. f. 2; Lam. ill. t. 821.
Character the same as of the order.

1099. (1) C. Papaya (Linn. :) leaves palmate, 7-partite ; segments oblong,
acute, sinuated, the middle one 3-fid: fruit oblong, furrowed.—Linn. sp. p.
1466 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 905 ; Bot. reg. t. 459; Bot. mag. t. 2898, 2899 ; Roxb.
fl. Ind. 3. p. 824; Wall. L. n. 6767 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1153.—Papaya vulgaris,

— Lam.—P. Carica, Gertn.—Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 15. f. 1. and 2; Rumph. Amb.
L L 00. dis

This tree is now generally allowed to have been introduced into India from
America.

ORDER LXIX.—PASSIFLOREJE. Juss.

Sepals 5 (rarely 4), foliaceous, united below into a short or elongated
tube, the sides and throat of which are lined with a corona composed of
filamentous or annular processes. Petals perigynous, inserted between
the corona and the calyx-segments, with which last they are as nu-
merous and alternate, usually almost homogeneous with and shorter
than them, very rarely larger than them and with the usual appearance
of petals, sometimes wanting. Stamens 5 (very rarely indefinite), mo-
nadelphous, usually with processes from the torus between them and
the petals: anthers inserted by their base, 2-celled, bursting longitu-
dinally on the inner side (but, from their being often reflexed, iri
rently opening outwardly). Ovarium free, 1-celled: ovules indefinite,
attached to 3 (or very rarely 4) parietal placentz : styles 3 (or very
rarely 4), or none. Fruit naked or surrounded by the calyx, 1-celled,
usually 3-valved, sometimes dehiscent and loculicide, sometimes fleshy
and indehiscent. Seeds indefinite, compressed, with an arillus or stro-
phida: testa brittle, sculptured. Embryo straight, in the centre of a
thin fleshy albumen: radicle pointing to the hilum.

TRIBE I,—PASSIFLOREX. DC.

Petals shorter than the calyx-se. ents, or wanting. Stamens 5 (very rarely 4)»
opposite the divisions of the iT. Ovary usually ed se or sessile, lobed!
Fruit fleshy or capsular. Seeds with a pulpy arillus : cotyledons foliaceous-— with
climbing plants, with axillary tendrils. teards alternate, stipuled, usually
glands on the petioles,

I, PASSIFLORA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 732.— Granadilla, Tourn. ; Gert.

Jr-.1.1. 00. f. 6; 2. t: 177. f- 1.
Flowers bisexual. Calyx-tube very short. Corona composed of numerous
filaments in several rows. Anthers reflexed. Berry stalked, usually pulpy»
rarely somewhat membranaceous. po
1100. (1) P. Leschenauitii (DC.:) climbing : leaves half-orbicular rounds —
ed at the base, somewhat truncated and 3-cuspidate at the apex, pu
on the under side but particularly so on the nerves, without lands ái from
with two glands about their middle : tendrils simple: peduncles 1n pairs

the same axils as the tendrils, simple, 1-flowered : calyx without an involu-

3

Mopecca. PASSIFLOREZ. 353

cre ; petals 5.—DC. prod. 3. p. 326 ; Wall.! L. n. 1931 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1154.
—Neelgherries.

+1101. (2) P. Heyneana (Wall.)—Wail.! L. n. 2248. :
Dr Wallich is doubtful if this be not a species of Modecca: can it be the
same with M. Wightiana, Wall.? ;

II. MODECCA. Lam.; Roxb.; DC.

Flowers unisexual. Calyx campanulate: tube short. Maxx. Stamens 5 ;
filaments cohering into a membranaceous tube at the base: anthers erect.
Fem. Ovary shortly stalked, surrounded with 5 sterile longish filaments. Stig-
mas 3, petaloid. Capsule fleshy (when dry coriaceous and vesicular), 3-
valved. Seeds numerous, arillate, scrobieulate.—Peduncles cirrhiferous.

The two very different kinds of petals found in this genus have induced us to
adopt for the present Mr Lindley’s views relative to these organs in this natural or-
der: in our first subgenus they resemble most of those of the other genera both in
texture and situation ; but in our second they are so very dissimilar in both respects,
that it was some time before we could persuade ourselves to admit their being con-
geners.—M. diversifolia, Wall. ! L. n. dro , is Vitis lanceolaria ; M. bracteata, pead
is Trichosanthes palmata, Roxb.

Subgen. 1. MicrosLErHaRIs.—Calyx-tube conical-campanulate: limb 5-par-
tite; segments ovate, bluntish. Petals 5, ovate, entire, slightly shorter and
more tender than the calyx-segments, inserted immediately below the sinus.
Corona composed of a fringe of short soft hairs. Marr. Stamen-tube pretty
long, membranaceous. Anthers shortly oval. Abortive filaments 5, short,
situated on the bottom of the calyx opposite to the stamens. Few. Abortive
filaments as in the male. Fruit-stalk not longer than the calyx-tube.

1102. (1) M. Wightiana (Wall.:) leaves glabrous, from ovate entire round-
ed or slightly cordate at the base, to hastate or palmately lobed, with a large
glandular projection at the apex of the petiole on its upper surface: „stigmas
cuneate, fringed.—Wall.! L. n. 6764; Wight! cat. n. 1155.——Alpine Jun-
gles. Madura. Narthamala.

Subgen. 2. BuzpnanANTRES (Smith's gramm. bot. p. 188).—Calyx-tube saucer-
shaped, usually with 5-10 external gibbosities and internal corresponding
cavities: limb cylindrical, shortly 5-cleft ; segments ovate, erect and acute.
Petals 5, linear acuminated, ciliated, inserted at the base of the limb of the
calyx (far below the sinus), membranaceous, included within the calyx. Co-
rona a simple row of hairs fringing the hollow of the calyx-tube on the in-
side. Marr, Stamen-tube connected at the base with the base of the petals
by membranous expansions: anthers linear. Abortive filaments 5, short,
revolute, inserted in the hollows of the calyx-tube and opposite to the sta-
mens (sometimes? wanting). FEw. Abortive filaments as in the male (al-
ways? present). Fruit-stalk elongated. :

1103. (2) M. palmata (Lam. :) leaves from cordate acuminated (on young ~—

plants) to palmately 3-5-lobed, glabrous, with two flat glands at the base
and one below page geste between the lobes: stipules hardening and horn-
like : male and female flowers both with 5 abortive short filaments placed
within the gibbosities of the calyx-tube: capsule globular.—Lam. enc. meth.
4. p. 209 ; Take, in Skriv. naturh. Selsk. Kiovenhag. 6. p. 103; DC. prod. 3.
. P. 336 ; Spr. syst. 3. p. 45 ; Wall.! L. n. 6762 ; Wight! cat. n. 1156.—M. tube-
rosa, Roxb. fi. Ind. 3. p. 134.—M. integrifolia, Lam. l. c; DC. l. e.; Spr.
l. e—Rheed; Mal. 8. t. 20, 21, 22, 23.—— Courtallum. Malabar.

Zz

254 PORTULACEA. TRIANTHEMA.

« A most extensive perennial climbing plant, with a large fusiform root, a
considerable portion of which is above ground, tapering from the surface of
the ground into the stem, which in a few years becomes ligneous."—Roxs.
—Rheed. t. 23. represents the foliage of a young plant; t. 22. an accidental
state, not worth noticing, with only two valves to the fruit, which is conse-
quently oblong and not globular ; his other two figures represent the male
and female flowers of the common form: the omission of the ciliated petals
in some of them we consider of little consequence (although trusted to by
De Candolle), as no such difference is noticed in the descriptions.

ORDER LXX.—PORTULACEZ. Juss.

Sepals generally 2, seldom 3 or 5, cohering at the base. Petals
usually 5, sometimes 3, 4, or 6, or rarely wanting, distinct, or cohering
at the base, inserted into the bottom of the calyx, sometimes almost
hypogynous, alternating with the sepals when of the same number.
Stamens inserted with the petals, variable in number, all fertile: fila-
ments distinct, opposite to the petals or alternating with the sepals when
of the same number : anthers versatile, 2-celled, bursting longitudinal-
ly. Ovarium 1, free, 1-celled : style rarely simple with a simple stig-
ma, usually cleft at the apex or to the base into 2-3 or more filiform
segments (stigmas ?) papillose on the inner side. Capsule 1-celled, de-
hiscing transversely (a pyxidium), or by 3 valves. Seeds numerous,
or few (1, 2, 3, or 4), usually attached to a central placenta or to the
base of the fruit, very rarely to parietal placentas, campulitropous :
testa usually erustaceous and black. Embryo curved round the cir-
cumference of a farinaceous albumen : radicle long.— Succulent plants.
Leaves usually alternate, without stipules, or with scarious ones at each
side at the base.

I. TRIANTHEMA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 375; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 128. f. 5.

Calyx 5-sepaled: sepals united at the base, mucronate below the apex
slightly coloured on the inner surface. Petals none. Stamens 5 or 10 oF
more, inserted on the tube of the calyx. Anthers cordate-ovate. Ovary
ovate. Style simple or 2-3-partite. Capsule 1-celled (or with a spurious
longitudinal dissepiment projected from the placenta when the style is pho
tite), splitting transversely a little above the base : lid coriaceous, containing
1-2 seeds attached to an unilateral placenta: bottom membranaceous, with
1 or more seeds attached to an unilateral placenta on the opposite side from
that in the lid. Seeds pitted.—Héerbaceous plants more or less fleshy, some-
times suffrutescent at the base. Leaves opposite, very entire; petioled, t^?
petiole dilated on each side into a stipule-shaped membrane. Flowers 2? WD
lary, solitary or fascicled, sessile or on short pedicels.

We have altered the character of the order slightly for the reception be diced v

which, although all agree to refer to Portulaces, no one that we KPerbaps the dis -

PoRrTULACA. PORTULACEÆ. 355

lid. We do not know T. polyandra of Blume ; it is said to have a tripartite style,
and may therefore clear up the point.

§ 1. Style simple: lid with one seed.

1004. (1) T. crystallina (Vahl:) perennial, cespitose, woody at the base:
stems diffuse, prostrate, dotted with crystalline specks: leaves oval or some-
what spathulate: flowers several together, protruded from the sheath of the
leaves: stamens 5: style simple: capsule 2-seeded ; lid cup-shaped at the
apex externally, quite open at the bottom and allowing the seed to drop off.
—«; stems usually filiform; leaves approximated on the branches, short,
about 4-5 lines long.— Vahl, symb. 1. p. 32 ; DC. prod. 3. p. 952 ; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 981 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p.444 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 647 ; Wall.! L.n.6840,
a; Wight! cat. n. 1157.—T. triquetra, Rottl.! ; Willd. in nov. act. nat. cur.
Berol. 4. p.180 ; DC. i. c. ; Spr. l. c.—Papularia crystallina, Forsk.— ; stems
shorter; leaves distant, about an inch long.— Wight ! cat. n. 1158.—T. cry-
stallina, Wall. ! L. n. 6840, b.

In this species the lid is quite open below, so that upon its removal the
upper seed is found generally lying on the top of the other in the bottom of
the capsule: the lower side of the upper seed, and upper of the under one,
are often flat, so that the two together sometimes appears as if constituting
one seed : Roxburgh had evidently been deceived by this, as he describes the
“ seed solitary."

1105. (2) T. obcordata (Roxb. :) perennial ; stems diffuse, prostrate, slight-
ly pubescent on the upper side : leaves, one of each pair larger and obovate
or obcordate, the other smaller and oblong: flowers solitary, sessile, nearly
concealed within the broad sheath of the petioles: stamens 15-20: style sim-
ple: capsule 6-8-seeded ; lid concave with two spreading teeth, nearly quite
closed at the bottom, nut-like, and including one seed.— Rob. hort. Bengh.
P. 34; fl. Ind. 2. p. 445 ; Wall. ! L. n. 6837 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1159.—T. mono-
gyna, herb. Madr.! ; Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 648.—T. pentandra, £ ob-
cordata, DC. prod. 3. p. 352.

§ 2. Style divided to the base into two linear longish segments : lid with two
seeds.

1106. (3) T. decandra (Linn.:) annual: stems diffuse, prostrate, glabrous

or pubescent on the upper side: leaves elliptic, obtuse or acute, petioled, one

of each paira little larger than the other: flowers several, pedicelled on a :

short peduncle, accompanied with scariose bracteas and bracteoles: sepals
membranaceous on the margin: stamens 10-12: style bipartite: capsule 4-
Seeded, with a spurious dissepiment ; lid slightly 2-lobed at the apex, nearly
closed below, nut-like, and containing 2 seeds.—Linn. mant. p. 70 ; HC
Prod. 3. p. 352 ; Spr, syst. 2. p. 881; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 444 ; in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 649 ; Wall. ! L. n. 6839 ; Wight! cat. n. 1160.—Zaleya decandra, Burm.
Ind. t. 31. f. 3.— Pluk. t. 120. f. 3.

IL PORTULACA. Tourns; Linn.

Calyx either free or cohering with the base of the ovary, 2-cleft, splitting
transversely at the base and deciduous. Petals 4-6, inserted on the calyx,
equal, distinct or cohering at the very base. Stamens 8-20 : filaments distinct,
_ Sometimes adhering to the base of the corolla. Ovary roundish. Style 3-6-
eleft at the apex, or 3-8-partite. Capsule globose or ovate, 1-celled, dehis-
cing transversely about the middle. Seeds numerous, attached by means of
filiform podosperms to a central placenta.—Low herbaceous fleshy plants.
Leaves scattered, quite entire, fleshy, often with hairs in their axils, some-
what verticellated about the flowers. . Wik

22

-—

356 PORTULACE. 'TALINUM.

1107. (1) P. oleracea (Linn. :) annual, diffuse : leaves cuneiform, their ax-
ils and the joints naked: flowers sessile: petals 5: stamens 10-12: style 5-
partite —DC. prod. 3. p. 353; Spr. syst. 2. p. 459 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 463;
Wall.! L. n. 6841 ; Wight! cat. n. 1161.

1108. (2) P. quadrifida (Linn.:) annual, diffuse, creeping, the joints and

.axils hairy: leaves oblong, flat: flowers terminal, nearly sessile, surrounded
by four leaves: petals 4: stamens 8-12: style filiform, 4-cleft at the apex.—
Wall.! L. n. 6843.—z ; larger ; stamens 10-12.—DC. prod. 3. p. 354; Wight!
cat. n. 1162.—P. quadrifida, Linn. mant. p.78 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 459; Roxb. fl.
Ind. 2. p. 464.—P. repens, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 653.—5; smaller ; sta-
mens 6-8.—DC. l. c.; Wight! cat. n. 1163.—P. meridiana, Linn. suppl.
p. 248 ; Spr. l. c. ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 463 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 652.—Illece-
trum verticillatum, Burm. Ind. p. 66.—Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 31. ae

We can perceive no difference of any consequence between these varieties.
Roxburgh, however, mentions that P. quadrifida is reckoned unwholesome
and apt to produce stupefaction, and that the flowers expand about noon
and continue open till sunset ; but that P. meridiana is much used as a pot-
herb, and that its flowers open at noon and shut at two.

1109. (3) P. tuberosa (Roxb. :) root tuberous: stems diffuse, the joints and
axils of the leaves very slightly hairy: leaves linear-lanceolate : flowers ter-
minal, sessile, surrounded by 6-8 leaves: petals 5: stamens about 20: style
filiform, 5-cleft at the apex.—Rowb. hort. Bengh. p. 91; fl. Ind. 2. p. 464;
Wight! cat. n. 1164.—P. cristata, Wall. L. n. 6844. Circars. Wallajabad.

1110. (4) P. suffruticosa (Wight :) annual? ; root woody, branched: stems
erect ?, somewhat woody at the base, branched : leaves linear, their axils and
the joints very slightly hairy: flowers terminal, sessile, surrounded by
leaves : stamens about 16: style cleft to the middle into about five segments.
—MWight ! in Wall. L. n. 6842 ; cat. n. 1165.

1111. (5) P. Wightiana (Wall.:) annual?, diffuse, sometimes creeping:
stems and branches naked at the base ; joints approximated on the branchlets
and with the axils clothed with numerous lanceolate scarious processes:
leaves oblong, flat, with the margin recurved : flowers terminal, sessile among
scarious processes, surrounded by a few leaves: petals 5%: stamens ^ y
style thicker upwards, 5-6-cleft at the apex.— Wall. L. n. 6846 ; Wight ! cat.
n. 1166. arthamala. Wallajabad. Sadras. ;

One of the most remarkable and distinct of the genus, ee lane
membranes (like the stipules of Paronychya) in place of the e
found in most of the other species. The number of petals, stamens, &n
ies of the style, will require to be better determined from the living

III. TALINUM. Juss.; Sims.; DC.

Calyx of two deciduous opposite ovate sepals. Petals 4-5, hypogynous a
inserted on the base of the calyx, free or slightly cohering at the base. Sta-
mens 10-20, inserted with the petals and often slightly attached to them.
Style 3- (or occasionally but rarely 4-) cleft at the apex. Capsule 3-valve
l-celled. Seeds numerous, attached to a central placenta.—Herbaceous 0"
suffrutescent glabrous fleshy plants. Leaves alternate, quite entire.
cymose, racemose, or panicled, fugacious. NN NU.

1112. (1) T. Indicum (Wight:) shrubby, erect: leaves Hat, cunei —
obovate, obtuse, upper ones mucronate: panicle terminal, elongate» iac-
branched ; branches all dichotomous, and the branchlets and uncles —
teated at their base: petals 4 (always?) : ovary nearly globose : iip

3

Potycarpaa. PARONYCHIACE EX. 357-

stigmas 3, distinct, spreading.— Wight! cat. n. 1167.—T. cuneifolium ?, Wall. !
L. n. 6847. c.—— Chimmanackmoor.

All authors describe T. cuneifolium with the lowest peduncles (or branch
of the panicle) bearing 3, or, according to Roxburgh (fl. Ind. 2. p. 465),
sometimes 4 flowers: in our specimens it is as much divided as any of the
upper ones. Dr Wallich's n. 5847. b. is from the Calcutta Botanic Garden
and therefore probably Roxburgh's plant: his a. is from Nepal; these we
have not seen, but he not only seems uncertain about either being the true
T. cuneifolium, but also as to whether our plant be the same as the others.
Perhaps all may prove to be luxuriant states of the Arabian plant.

ORDER LXXI.—PARONYCHIACEM. St. Hil.

Subord. 1. IuuEcEBREE (R. Brown ). Sepals 5, sometimes distinct,
sometimes more or less cohering. Petals between the lobes of the ca-
lyx, sometimes conspicuous, usually small and resembling sterile sta-
mens, sometimes wanting. Stamens perigynous or hypogynous, oppo-
site the sepals (when equal to them in number), some of them occa-
sionally wanting : filaments distinct, or rarely united : anthers 2-celled.
Ovarium free: styles 2 or 3, distinct or partially combined. Fruit
small, 1-celled, an utricle, or a 3—5-valved capsule. Seeds either nume-
rous upon a central placenta, or solitary and pendulous from a long fu-
niculus arising from the bottom of the fruit. Embryo lying on one
side of a farinaceous albumen, more or less curved : radicle pointing to
the hilum : cotyledons small .—Leaves opposite or alternate, entire,
with scarious stipules.

I. POLYCARPJEA. Lam.—Hagea, Ventn.—Mollia, Willd.—Lahaya,
Roem. & Schult.—Polia, Lour.

Calyx 5-partite or deeply 5-cleft ; sepals flat, membranaceous on the mar-
gin, neither keeled nor mucronate. Petals and stamens 5, almost hypogy-
hous. Style 1, filiform. Stigmas 3. Capsule 1-celled, 3-sided, 3-valved.
Seeds numerous, attached to a central placenta.—Herbaceous or suffutescent
plants, usually much branched. Leaves opposite, but apparently verticellate
from the presence of very short axillary leafy branchlets. Stipules scariose.

Flowers cymose or corymbose.

1113. (1) P. spadicea (Lam. :) suffruticose : stems diffuse, much branched,
and the SUA geet er: Mes from oblong-lanceolate to linear m
ceous, a little obtuse or acute or mucronate, the younger ones — A "a
mentose: cymes terminal, corymbose: sepals entirely scariose, "1 Te "is
. àcuminated, 2-3 times longer than the capsule-—DC prod. 8. p. 97 ti may

` tanthes corymbosa, Willd. sp. 1. p. 1200.—Lahaya corymbosa, Sch “ee

5. p. 405.—Polia arenaria, Lour.—Mollia corymbosa, Willd. ?; Spr. “3 Sr
P. 795.—2 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, obtusish; corymbs very weg ight !
cat. n. 1168.—P. spadicea, Wall. ! L. n. 1512. b (a not seen).—# ^ eaves ap-
Proximated, oblong-linear, scarcely longer than the stipules, cited "n
Somewhat acute, upper ones mucronate ; corymbs very dense.— Wight! E .
^. 1169.—y ; leaves oblong-linear, bluntish or scarcely acute, gre ni! ess
distant ; corymbs slightly dense or lax.—Wight ! cat. n. 1170,—P. densiflora,
Wall! L.n. 1513 (partly).—Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 06.—? ; branches very slen-

358. PARONYCHIACE E. Hararosta.

der; leaves setaceous, mucronate ; corymbs lax and slender.—Wight ! cat.
n. 1171.—P. subulata, DC. ? in Lam. enc. meth. 5. p. 25.—— Common.
Ourlast variety presents two forms: one a first year's growth, with the
root the same as that of an annual, and the stem erect but dichotomously
branched ; of the other the root is at least two years old, and the stems dif-
fuse as in our specific character: of both the leaves and whole habit are as
slender as in the specimens of P. corymbosa (Wall. L. n. 1511. c) from Prome.
This variety is thus intermediate between P. spadicea and. P. corymbosa, and
seems almost to unite the two species: we have, however, referred it to the
former, as the first year's growth of a perennial or suffrutescent plant cannot
show its true appearance so well as when more advanced. Dr Wallich’s P.
densiflora is composed partly of our var. y and partly of P. corymbosa : both
occur under the same letters.

1114. (2) P. corymbosa (Lam.:) stems ascending or erect, simple or with
a few simple branches; young parts glabrous or tomentose: leaves narrow-
linear or setaceous, mucronate: cymes terminal, dichotomous, rather lax:
sepals entirely scariose, lanceolate, acuminated, 2-3 times longer than the
capsule.—DC. prod. 3. p. 314; Wall.! L. n, 1511; Wight! cat. n. 1172.—P.
densiflora, Wall.! L. n. 1513 (partly).—P. Indica, Lam. enc. meth. 5. p. 489.
—Achyranthes corymbosa, Linn.—Celosia corymbosa, Willd.? sp. 1. p. 1200;
Roxb. ft. Ind. 1. p. 681 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p.310.—Mollia spadicea, Willd.? en. hort,
Berol; Spr. syst. 1. p. 195.—Lahaya spadicea, Schult.? syst. 5. p. 405.—
Burm. zeyl. t. 65. f. 2; Bocc. mus. t. 89; Pluk. t. 120. f. 2?

It is almost impossible to extricate the synonyms of Willdenow, Schultes,
and Sprengel, with any kind of satisfaction, from their characters being com-
pounded partly of their own observations, and partly of the descriptions gi-
ven by others of probably a different species: on the whole, however, We
consider these botanists to have applied the name spadicea to the Linnwan
corymbosa

*

II. HAPALOSIA. Wall.

Calyx 5-partite, fleshy: segments somewhat navicular, membranaceous 0n
the margin. Petals 5, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 3, inserted with the
petals into the bottom of the calyx. Style 1, trifid. Capsule 1-celled, ovoid
or somewhat 3-sided, 3-valved. Seeds numerous, attached by podosperms
to a central placenta.—Anmual diffuse branched plants. Leaves opposite,
apparently vertieellate as in the last genus. Stipules scariose. Flowers
compactly corymbose.

Polycarpea Memphitica of Delile i : we have only ob-
We i 9 stamens : indeed asa Hcet Ria pes ws Be to separate 1t
from H. Leflingie, unless, as De Candolle affirms, the petals be quite entire, of
"which however we cannot satisfy ourselves. E.

1115. (1) H. Leflingie (Wall.:) stems much branched, more or less.
densely pubescent: leaves cuneate-oblong or spathulate, usually glabrous.
when old, sometimes pubescent or slightly woolly when young: cory”)
terminal or in the forking of the branches: petals linear, truncated, toothet
at the apex.—Wall.! L. n. 6962; Wight! cat. n. 1173.—P harnaceum de-
pressum, Linn. mant. p. 564.—Leeflingia Indica, Retz, obs. p- 48 ; fl

mus, tab. 535.—Polycarpea depressa, DC. prod. 3. p. 875.—P. lanuginos -
Wall. L. n. 1515. b.—P. Benthamii, Wall? L. n. 1514. bd

HI. DRYMARIA, Willd.

Calyx 5-partite ; segments herbaceous, membranaceous on de un
Petals 5, bifid, inserted at the base of the urceolate torus. Stamens 5 (or

KALANCHOE. CRASSULACE. 359

fewer by abortion), inserted on the summit of the torus. Styles 3. Capsule
l-celled, 3-valved, few- or many-seeded.—Herbaceous diffuse branched
plants. Leaves opposite, with several small membranaceous bristle-like sti-
pules connecting the petioles.

1116. (1) D. cordata (Willd.:) glabrous ; leaves on a petiole shorter than
the limb, roundish ovate, mucronulate, slightly attenuated or rounded or
somewhat cordate at the base: peduncles axillary and terminal, dichotomous,
many-flowered : calyx longer than the petals: stamens often 3: ovary 5-10-
seeded.— DC. prod. 1. p. 895; Spr. syst. 1. p. 942; Wight! cat. n. 152.—
D. retusa, Wall.! L. n. 647.—Holosteum cordatum, Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 51.
f. 2.—Stellaria cordata, Willd. ; DC. 1. c. p. 396; Spr. syst. 2. p. 392.——
Dindygul hills.

Specimens from Porto-Rico as well as cultivated ones in Mr Arnott's her-
barium, agree precisely with those from India : it is a plant met with in most
mountainous situations throughout the tropics. The peduncles and calyx
are sometimes pubescent.

ORDER LXXIL—CRASSULACEJE. DC.

Sepals 3-20, more or less united at the base. Petals equal in num-
ber to the sepals and alternate with them, inserted upon the bottom
of the calyx, either distinct or forming a gamopetalous corolla. Sta-
mens inserted with the petals, equalling them in number and alternate,
or twice as many, those opposite the petals being shortest, and arriving
at perfection before the others: filaments distinct, subulate: anthers
bilocular, bursting longitudinally. Nectariferous scales (abortive sta-
mens), one at the base of each ovarium, sometimes obsolete. Ovaria
equal in number to the petals, and opposite to them, 1-celled, and ta-
pering each into a short style, distinct, or slightly connected at the
base. Fruit of several follicles, opening by the ventral suture. Seeds
variable in number. Embryo straight in the axis of a thin, fleshy al-
bumen: radicle pointing to the hilum.— Leaves suceulent (or very
rarely membranaceous), entire, or pinnatifid, exstipulate.

I. KALANCHOE. Adans.; DC.—Vereia. Andr.—Verea. Wild.

Calyx 4-partite ; the sepals scarcely combined at the base, narrow acute,
somewhat distant. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube cylindrical : limb spread--
ing 4-partite. Stamens 8, attached to the tube of the corolla at the base.
Scales 4, linear. Carpels 4. Styles filiform.—Suffruticose fleshy plants.
Leaves opposite, irregularly pinnatifid or ovate, usually toothed, thick.
Cymes panicled, lax. Flowers yellow, or rarely reddish or whitish.

1117. (1) K. grandi Wall. :) glabrous: leaves broadly obovate, cre-
nated, bue ei A es e lax: sepals oblong, acute: seg-
ments of the corolla oval, bluntish, with a short hooked mucronate point.—
Wall.! L.n. 7226 ; Wight! cat. n.1174.—K. en oer Wall.! L. n. 1226.
—— Dindygul hills, at an elevation of 3000 feet. + m :

1118. . floribu : .:) upper. of the stem and cyme
Covered it uon mem deeds r uo leaves alternate, lan-
ceolate, crenated, pubescent: cymes panicled ; branches elongated, racemi-
form : sepals subulate: petals oblong, mucronate.— Wight ! cat. n. 1175. —

360 CRASSULACEAE. BRYOPHYLLUM.

K. spathulata, Wall.! L. n. 7224 (not DC.)—Cotyledon paniculata, herb.
Rotti.!—C. corymbosa, herb. Rottl. !——Nundydroog.

+1119. (3) K.? heterophylla (W. & A.:) glabrous: leaves “ petioled,
young plants tripartite, when more advanced simple, ovate-oblong, slightly
laciniate : corymbs decompound.” Roxs.—Cotyledon heterophylla, Roxb. ff.
Ind. 2. p. 456.——Mysore; Dr F. Buchanan Hamilton.

1120. (4) K. laciniata (DC.:) leaves decomposed and pinnatifid, the seg-
ments oblong. acute, coarsely toothed ; upper ones nearly entire : sepals lan-
ceolate, acuminated, spreading, cyme panicled.— DC. pl. gr. t. 100 ; prod. 3.
p. 995 ; Wall.! L. n.7221 ; Wight! cat. n. 1176.—Cotyledon laciniata, Linn.;
Roxb. fi. Ind. 2, p. 456; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 650.—Verea laciniata, Spr.
syst. 2. p. 260.

We have before us two states of this plant; one perfectly glabrous, the
other with the panicle and upper part of the stem very pubescent.

II. BRYOPHYLLUM. Salisb.—Physocalycium. Fest,

Calyx inflated, bladder-like before flowering, 4-cleft scarcely to the mid-
dle; the lobes valvate, Corolla hypogynous, gamopetalous, cylindrical, 4-
cleft, bluntly 4-angled at the base ; segments ovate-triangular, acute. Sta-
mens 8, attached to the base of the corolla. Scales gland-like, compressed
square. Carpels 4, inconspicuously stalked. Styles filiform.—A fleshy, gla-
brous erect, branched, suffruticose plant. Leaves opposite, thick, petioled,
sometimes unequally pinnated : leaflets 1-2 pairs, occasionally wanting ; ter-
minal one much larger than the others, sometimes solitary ; all of them ovate,
crenated, each crenature readily producing a new plant. Cymes panicled,
terminal. Flowers yellowish, inclining to red.

1121. (1) B. calycinum (Salisb.)—DC. prod. 3. p. 996 ; Wall.! L. n. 7205 ;
Wight ! in Hook. Bot. misc. 3. p. 100. suppl. t. 915 cat. n. 1177.—Cotyledon
pinnata, Lam. ene. meth, 2. p. 141.—C. rhizophylla, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 456;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1243.—C. calycina, Roth, nov. sp. p. 217.—Calanchoe
pinnata, Pers.—V erea pinnata, Spr. syst, 2. p. 260.

ORDER LXXIIL—SURIANEJE. Arn.

Calyx 5-partite, persistent: sstivation twisted, imbricative. Petals
5, alternate with the sepals, distinct, inserted into the bottom of the
calyx. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, sometimes with 5 alter-
nating ones that are oceasionally abortive, all inserted with the petals +
filaments persistent, distinct, subulate from a broad base, hairy below:
anthers 2-celled, bursting longitudinally. Torus fleshy, filling up the
bottom of the calyx, supporting the ovaries on its middle and the petals
and stamens on its margin. Ovaries 5, opposite to the petals, 1-celled,
distinct, each with a long style arising from the inner angle near the
base. Ovules in pairs, collateral, erect, straight, with the foramen at
the opposite extremity from the hilum. Fruit of 5 coriaceous pyriform —
indehiscent carpels. Seeds solitary, uncinate, attached to the base of |
the earpels. Albumen none. Embryo of the same shape as the seed :
radicle as long as the cotyledons, at the opposite end from the hilum ;
cotyledons oblong, fleshy, incumbent.— Sea-side shrubs. Leaves sım-

Sesuvium. FICOIDE. 361

ple, oblong-spathulate, thickish, pubescent, crowded at the apices of the
branches, exstipulate. Flowers yellow, bracteated, somewhat terminal.

. We scarcely know where to arrange the only genus of which this order is com-
posed. Some refer it to Rosacee ; Kunth purposes to place it near the Geraniacee:
we think it has considerable affinity with the Neuradec, of which Grielium has been
alternately referred to R and Geraniacee, and that it may be left near them
(a suborder of Ficoidee) and Crassulacee. We cannot see any resemblance to Tere-
7 yee with which De Candolle arranges it. In some points it approaches the

nacee.

I. SURIANA. Plum.; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 389.
Character the same as of the order.

1122. (1) S. maritima (Linn.)—DC. prod. 2. p. 91; Spr. syst. 2. p. 438;
Wight! cat. n. 1178.—Pluk. t. 241. f. 5.

ORDER LXXIV.—FICOIDEZ. Juss.

Subord. 1. AizomEx (Spreng.) Sepals definite (usually 5, but
varying from 4 to 8), more or less combined at their base, equal or un-
equal: æstivation valvate or imbricate. Petals indefinite, coloured,
sometimes wanting. Stamens perigynous, distinct, definite or indefi-
nite: anthers oblong, incumbent. Ovarium cohering with the tube of
the calyx, or free, syncarpous, plurilocular (usually 5-celled) : style
wanting or very short: stigmas several, distinct, nearly or (almost al-
ways) quite sessile. Fruit with several cells, usually a capsule, and
either bursting in a stellate form at the apex, or by valves, or trans-
versely; rarely nut-like and indehiscent. Seeds usually indefinite,
rarely definite or solitary. Embryo on the outside of a mealy albu-
men, curved or rarely spiral.— Leaves succulent, opposite or alternate,
simple.

I. SESUVIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 434.

Calyx 5-partite, persistent ; the segments coloured on the inner side. Pe-
tals none. Stamens 15-30, inserted into the bottom of the calyx at the apex
of its short tube. Ovary free, sessile. Style none. Stigmas 3-5, linear.
Capsule 3- or rarely 4-5-celled, dehiscing transversely: the axis and pla-
centas persistent. Seeds numerous. Embryo curved like a hook.—Sea-side

fleshy glabrous herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite, quite entire, almost
Veinless, Flowers axillary, alternate, solitary, sessile or shortly pedicellate.

_ 1123. (1) S. re Rottl.!:) stems prostrate, throwing out roots at the
joints, ths vei ual made apa di leaves oval, spathulate, or oblong-
ear: flowers pedicellate: stigmas 3.— Willd. enum. p. 521; Dc. prod. 3.
= P458; Spr. syst. 2. p. 504; Wall.! L. n. 5836; Wight! cat. n. 1179.—S.
.. Portulaeastrum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 509; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 655.— Rumph.
Amb. 6. t. 72. f. 1. — —Tranquebar, in moveable sand by the sea-shore.
Rottler seems to have distinguished two states of this: to the one, “ caule
Subrepente, foliis orbiculatis, non edule,” he gave the name of S. repens ; and
to the other, * caulibus ascendentibus, foliis cuneiformibus, edule,” he gave
that of S. Portulacastrum. In the herbarium, we cannot distinguish the two
except by the shape of the leaves, and there are numerous gradations between

362 FICOIDE E. GriNvs.

them ; the stems creep in the one as well as in the otlier. : From an examina-
tion of other supposed species of the genus, from America, we have nearly
satisfied ourselves that all, the Indian one included, are mere varieties, if even
they can be distinguished as such, of one species, which ought therefore to
retain the name of Portulacastrum.

IL GLINUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 418 ; Gertn. fr. 2. t. 180.

Calyx 5-partite, connivent, persistent ; three of the sepals exterior, two in-
terior. Petals (abortive stamens?) 5 or numerous, shorter than the calyx,
linear, cleft or torn at the apex, very tender, sometimes wanting. Stamens
5-20 (usually about 15). Ovary free. Style very short or wanting. Stigmas
5. Capsule surrounded with the calyx, 5-celled, loculicidal, 5-valved ; the
axis and dissepiments persistent. Seeds numerous, small or minute, attached
to the axis by long involute podosperms. Embryo spiral or curved.—Pro-
cumbent diffuse herbaceous branched plants. Leaves alternate or in pairs,
and unequal.

G. ononoides, figured in Burm. Ind. t. 36. f. 2, appears to belong to Amaranthacee.

§ 1. Capsule membranaceous, opening from the apex downwards ; the valves
cohering with the axis at the apex: embryo spiral.

1124. (1) G. dotoides (Linn.:) hoary with short stellate tomentum : leaves
obovate, flat, fascicled, unequal : pedicels 1-flowered, axillary, usually E
as long as the petiole: petals 5, deeply cloven.—Linn. sp. p. 663 ; Lum."
t. 413. f. 1; DC. prod. 3. p. 455; Spr. syst. 2. p. 467; Wall. L. n. 1517;
Wight! cat. n. 1180.—G. dictamnoides, Lam. ill. t. 413. f. 2; Wall. ! Lo
1518. e.— Barrel. ic. t. 336.

1125. (2) G. dictamnoides (Linn.:) hoary with short stellate tomentum :
leaves roundish obovate, flat, fascicled, unequal : flowers almost sessile, &
lary: petals 5, deeply cloven, or wanting: stamens 5-20.— Linn. mant. p. 2435
Vahl, symb. 3. p. 645 DC. prod. 3. p. 455 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 467 ; Wall.! L. n-
1518 (partly); Wight! cat. n. 1181.—G. lotoides, Burm. Ind. t. 36. f. 1—
Pharnaceum pentagonum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 103.—Doosera esculenta, R
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1128.—Pluk. t. 356. f. 6; and t.12.f.3? |

The length of the pedicel is surely too inconstant a distinction between
this and the former, and we know of none other.

§ 2. Capsule chartaceous, septifragal, the valves separating from the axis and
the dissepiments: embryo curved round the albumen.

1126. (3) G. trianthemoides (Heyne !:) glabrous: leaves cuneate-obovate,
rounded, mucronate : panicles lax, opposite to the leaves : petals numerous,
marcescent: stamens 12-15.— Roth, nov. sp. p. 231; DC. prod. 3. P- 455;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 467 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1182.—Lincarum familiee, Wall.! L: p.249.
n. 1543. 5

Perhaps this ought to form a distinct genus from Glinus, but the principal
difference lies in the capsule. We cannot agree with Dr Wallich to ret
to the Linee*.

conni- -
* As this plant is involved in some doubt, we give the followi :—Calyz 5-partitus,

vens, persistens, intus haud coloratus: sepalis ovalibus, cospidatie, ima membranaceis, 3 exteriori-
bus, 2 interioribus. Petala numerosa, liguliformia, tenerrima, marescentia, calyce breviora.

12-20: filamenta subulata, disco carnoso calycis fundum tegente inserta: antheræ oblong® Mi eyissi-

es, 2-loculares, udinaliter intus e Ovarium liberum, :5-loculare. L valvis valve à

mus, Stigmata 5, , demum recurva, Capsula chartacea, 5-locularis, hence
dissepimentis axi arcte adnatis solute, patule. Semina in qi Joculo numerose, 3x) ote
Leer eme ia curvati affixa, cochleata: testa crustacea, longitudinaliter punctato-str a eo
men m. Embryo semini conformis, circa albumen curvatus. —— d. :

ebrii

OPUNTIA. CACTEÆ. 363

ORDER LXXV.—CACTEÆ. Juss.

Sepals numerous, usually indefinite and confounded with the petals,
either crowning the ovarium or covering its whole surface. Petals
numerous, usually indefinite, sometimes irregular, inserted at the mouth
of the calyx. Stamens indefinite, cohering more or less with the petals
and sepals : filaments long, filiform: anthers ovate, versatile. Ovayinm
fleshy, cohering with the tube of the calyx, 1-celled : ovules indefinite :
style filiform : stigmas several. Placente parietal, as many as the
stigmas. Fruit succulent, l-celled. Seeds many, after having lost
their adhesion nestling in a pulp, ovate or obovate. Albumen none:
embryo straight, curved or spiral: radicle thick, obtuse, next the
hilum.—Succulent shrubs. Leaves almost always wanting ; when pre-
sent fleshy, smooth, entire, or spiniform. Flowers sessile.

I. OPUNTIA. Tourn.; DC.

Sepals numerous, adnate to the ovary, leaf-shaped ; uppermost ones flat,
short ; innermost petaloid, obovate, rosaceous, expanded: the tube not pro-
duced beyond the ovary. Stamens numerous, shorter than the petals. Style
cylindrical, constricted at the base. Stigmas several, erect, thick. Berry
ovate, umbilicated at the apex, tubercled and often bearing spines. Embryo
somewhat spiral, nearly terete. Cotyledons semi-terete, during germination
foliaceous flat and thick. Plumulasmall—Shrubs. Trunk at length terete ;
when young, as well as the branches, jointed and usually more or less com-
pressed ; the joints ovate, obovate, or oblong, bearing tufts of spines or
bristles. Leaves small, like those of a Sedum, very caducous, under each
younger tuft. Flowers arising either from the tufts, or margins of the joints,
yellow or reddish.

*1127. (1) O. Dillenii (Haw.:) erect: joints roundish-obovate, com-
pressed, waved, glaucous: spines (yellowish) stout, one or more together,
divaricating, inserted among and much longer than a tuft of short slender.

ristles: corolla (yellow) twice as long as the stamens: ovary shorter than
the corolla, furnished with a few tufts of bristles around its apex.—DC. prod.
3. p. 472 ; Wight tab. (ined.)—Cactus Dillenii, Ker in Bot. reg. t. 255; Spr.
syst. 9. p. 497-—C. Indicus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 475.—Dillen. Elth. t. 296.
Roxburgh is of opinion that this is a native of India: but it is much more
Probable that it was brought from America, and is now merely naturalized. .

ORDER LXXVI.—SAXIFRAGACEJE. Juss.

Sepals usually 5 (rarely 3, 4, 7, or 9), more or less cohering at their
base: the limb usually persistent. Petals as many as sepals ( ge m
Donatia), inserted on the tube of the calyx, alternate with its lobes,

iduous or persistent, very rarely wanting. Stamens perigynous,
either equal to (or rarely fewer than) the petals, and alternate with
them ; or twice as many as the petals, some alternate, some opposite to

_ them (in one species, by the abortion of the alternating stamens, there

364 SAXIFRAGACE E. Visite

are only 5, and opposite to the petals) ; or (in Bauera) indefinite : fila-
ments subulate : anthers ovate, 2-celled, bursting longitudinally or (in
Bauera) by two pores. Ovarium partly coherent with the tube of the
calyx, formed of two (rarely 3-5) carpels, cohering by their introflexed
sides or margins: styles as many as the carpels, distinct, or more or
less combined: stigmas capitate or clavate. Placente along the intro-
flexed margins of the carpels, either throughout the whole length, or
at the base only, or at the apex, usually separating with the carpels,
rarely attached to a central axis. Fruit capsular, usually of two (rare-
ly 3-5) earpels or valves, the margins of which are either entirely in-
troflexed, or partly introflexed, or scarcely at all and the fruit is then
1-celled : carpels dehiscing at the ventral suture, separating from each
other, either from the base upwards, or from the apex downwards.
Seeds usually numerous, rarely definite: albumen fleshy. Embryo
small, in the midst of the albumen: radicle pointing towards the hilum.

TRIBE I.—SAXIFRAGER. DC.

` Petals 4-5, or wanting. Stamens 8-10, or 3-5. Ovarium adherent or free. Styles 2-3,
distinct, or rarely combined.—Herbaceous plants. Leaves exstipulate, alternate, oF
rarely opposite. Flowers in a raceme or panicle, rarely solitary, all fertile.

I. VAHLIA. Thunb.; Lam. ill. t. 183.—Oldenlandia. Roth; Smith; Spr.

Calyx-tube cohering with the ovary : limb 5-partite, persistent : eestivation
valvular. Petals 5, entire, spreading, shorter than the calyx. Stamens 5.
Anthers versatile. Styles 2. Stigmas capitate. Capsule 1-celled, 2-valved,
truncated at the apex, 5-furrowed, crowned with the limb of the calyx,
many-seeded. Placents free, pendulous from the apex of the cell. Seeds
convex on the outer side, concave on the inner, or minute oblong and some-
what angular or compressed.—Herbaceous, pubescent or slightly villous,
dichotomously branched plants, natives of Africa and India. Leaves oppo-
site; exstipulate, entire and quite entire, acute. Flowers yellow or white,
axillary, shortly pedicelled, usually in pairs, with or without a common
peduncle.

In Dr Wallich’s List this genus is still referred to Onagrarie.

1128. (1) V. Oldenlandioides (Roxb.:) stem erect, slightly pubescent:
leaves linear-lanceolate, spreading, pubescent: peduncles solitary, rà
shorter than the leaves, 2-flowered : capsules nearly globose : seeds minute. |
— Roab. hort. Bengh. p. 86 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 89 ; Wight} cat. n. 1183.—V. Olden-
landi:e, DC. prod. 4. p. 54; Wall! L. n. 7187.—Oldenlandia pentandra, Retz,
obs. 4. p. 22.—O. dichotoma, Spr. pug. 2. p. 36.—O. biflora, Roth, nov. 8p.
p.91 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 446.—Heuchera dichotoma, Murr.—* Cyrilla Olden-
landoides, Koen." (Rowb.)—C. Indica, Koen. (herb. Madr.) —

1129. (2) V. viscosa (Roxb. :) stems diffuse or somewhat erect, pubescent,
slightly glutinous: leaves oblong-lanceolate or linear, pubescent : flowers m
pairs, almost sessile: capsules nearly globose: seeds minute.—Roab. hort.
Bengh. p. 86 ; fl. Ind. 2. p. 89 ;Wight ! cat. n. 1184.—V.. sessiliflora, DC. prod
4. p. bá; Wall.! L. n. 1188.—Oldenlandia digyna, Retz, obs. 4. p. 23; SP”
syst. 1. p. 446.—O. decumbens, Spr. pug. 2. p. 36.—0. sessiliflora, Sm. in me
eycl.—** Cyrilla viscosa, Koen.” ( Roxb.)

( 965 )

Cr. 3 —E»rriPETALJGE. Juss.

Torus lining the tube of the calyx, and forming at its extremi-
ty a small disk (epigynous) on the summit of the ovary, which
coheres with the calyx-tube. Petals distinct, and with the. sta-
mens, inserted upon the outside of the disk.

ORDER LXXVII—UMBELLIFERZ. Juss.

Calyx 4-toothed, or entire. Petals 5, inserted on the outside of a
fleshy dise, around the top of the ovary, alternate with the teeth of the
calyx, often inflexed at the point, the inflexed portion cohering with
the middle vein of the lamina: æstivation somewhat imbricate, rarely
valvate. Stamens 5, alternate with the petals, distinct, folded back
during estivation: anthers ovate, 2-celled, dehiscing longitudinally.
Ovarium cohering entirely and closely with the calyx, crowned by a
fleshy dise (an expansion of the torus), 2-celled : ovules solitary, pen-
dulous : styles 2, simple ; their bases more or less thickened and fleshy
(stylopodia), covering the disc and top of the ovary: stigmas simple.
Fruit dry (a cremocarpium), consisting of 2 carpels (or mericarpia )
which adhere by their face (commissura) to a common axis ( carpopho-
rum), but in maturity separate from it, and are pendulous : each meri-
carp indehiscent, traversed by 5 longitudinal primary ridges (juga pri-
maria), one opposite to each petal and each stamen ; and often also by
alternating secondary ones (juga secundaria), the ridges being sepa-
rated by channels or interstices. In the substance of the pericarp are
linear ducts or canals (vitte ), full of an oily or resinous matter ; these
are usually lodged in the interstices, sometimes below the ridges, rare-
ly wanting. Seed pendulous, usually cohering with the carpel, rarely
loose, Embryo minute, at the base (that is, at the apex of the fruit)
of a copius horny albumen : radicle superior, pointing to the hilum.—
Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants : stems usually fistular and
furrowed. Leaves alternate, very rarely opposite, simple (without ar-
ticulations), variously cut, sometimes reduced to the petiole ( phyllo-
dium). Flowers in umbels, the umbel sometimes capitate, usually with
an involucre.

We have detailed the subdivisions of this order more than perhaps was necessary
the few genera and species yet known as natives of the Peninsula; we have,
ever, done so for the sake of iio botanists in the east who may not have access
De Candolle's prodromus : for the same reason, we have added several species

Which we suspect to be only naturalised. We have been obliged to omit Ammi In-
, Wall. L. n. 7208, or Sison Ammi of the Madras herbarium, not having seen it.

366 UMBELLIFERAE. HYDROCOTYLE. |

TRIBE L.—HYDROCOTYLEX. Spr.; DC.

_Fruit compressed laterally. Mericarps convex or (rarely) acute on the back:

primary ridges 5, sometimes obsolete; the lateral ones being either marginal or on
the commissura: the intermediate ones most prominent: secondary ridges some-
times persistent and filiform, sometimes almost or entirely wanting. Vitte none.
Seed and albumen flattish in front. —Umbels simple or imperfect.

L HYDROCOTYLE. Tourn. ; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 188 ; Gaertn. fr. t. 22.

Calyx-tube slightly compressed ; limb with the margin obsolete. Petals
ovate, entire, acute, spreading; their apex straight. Fruit laterally com-
pressed and flattened. Mericarps without vitte: primary ridges 5, filiform,
the dorsal and lateral ones often obsolete, the intermediate ones enlarged.
Seed carinately compressed.—Herbaceous or rarely suffrutescent plants, usu-
ally slender and aquatic. Umbels simple. Involucre few-leaved. Flowers
sessile or pedicelled, whitish.

1130. (1) H. Asiatica (Linn. :) leaves attached by the margin, orbicular-
reniform, equally erenated, 7-nerved, glabrous, or slightly villous on the un-
der side when young : petioles and peduncles fascicled, sprinkled with soft
hairs: umbels capitate, shortly peduncled, few- (3-4-)flowered : fruit orbi-
cular, reticulated, with 4 ribs on each of the flat sides—DC. prod. 4. p. 62;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 875; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 88 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1385 ; Wall.:
L. n. 560; Wight! cat. n. 1185.—H. rotundifolia, Wall.! L. n. 562. c. (not
Roxb.).—Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 46.

1131. (2) H. tenella (Don. :) cespitose, creeping, glabrous: petiole usually
solitary, slender: leaves attached by the margin, reniform, about 7-lob ,
shining; lobes roundish, erenated: umbels capitate, 6-8-flowered, sessile :
fruit minute, orbieular, prominently 3-ribbed on each side, smooth and fiat
between the ribs.— Don, prod. fl. Nep. p. 183; DC. prod. 4. p. 64; Wight ! cat.
n. 1186.—H. Wightiana, Wall.! L. n. 7220.

1132. (3) H. polycephala (W. & A.:) stems rooting, scabrous or nearly
glabrous ; branches petioles and peduncles, and the leaves sparingly on both
sides, scabrous from short stout hairs: leaves attached by the margin, orbieu-
lar-reniform, 7-lobed ; lobes scarcely acute, coarsely crenated: peduncles
hoary, numerous (6-18) and umbellate in the axil of the uppermost shortly
petioled leaf, almost as long as the leaf: flowers all fertile, numerous (20-
30 together), at first capitate and almost sessile, afterwards (in fruit) on short
glabrous somewhat permanent pedicels: fruit didymous, slightly 2-ribbed on
each side, smooth and flat between the ribs.— Wight! cat. n. 1187.

Closely allied in many points to H. Nepalensis. We had almost considered
this to be H. Heyneana of Wallich, but De Candolle's character is too much
at variance to permit of our uniting them.

1133. H. Zeylanica (DC.:) stems puberulous: leaves attached by the
margin, glabrous, orbicular reniform, 7-nerved, 7-lobed ; lobes slightly acute;
coarsely crenated : petioles long, puberulous at the apex: peduncles pube-
rulous, the ultimate ones by the disappearance of the leaf apparently opposite
and racemosely umbellate: umbels densely capitate, 20-flowered.—P ; Hey-
neana, peduncles bearing at the apex 8-10 umbels arranged in an umbel; pe-
dicels retrorsely hispid —D.C. prod. 4. p. 67.—H. Heyneana, Wall. L. n. 999^. —

Our character is taken from De Candolle : we have not seen either variety ;

probably in the var. £, it is the peduncles and not the pedicels that are his- ——

pid i and the ultimate branches, not the peduncles, that bear the umbels OF -

SANICULA. UMBELLIFER &. 367

TRIBE 2,—SANICULER, Koch. ; DC.

Fruit, when cut transversely, somewhat terete. Mericarps with 5 equal primary
and no secondary ridges, or covered with scales or prickles the ridges being obliterat-
ed. Vittæ none, or numerous when the fruit is prickly. Seed, when cut transverse-
ly, flattish in front—Umbels fascicled or capitate, simple or irregularly somewhat
compound.

II. SANICULA. Tourn. ; Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 191; Gertn. fr. t. 20.

Calyx-tube echinate : its lobes slightly leafy, persistent. Petals erect, con-
nivent, obovate, with long inflected points. Fruit somewhat globose, terete,
not dividing spontaneously. Mericarps densely clothed with hooked prickles,
without ridges, with many vittee. Carpophore indistinct. Seeds semiglobose.
—Herbaceous perennial plants. Radicle leaves petioled, palmately lobed,
the lobes cuneate, incise and toothed towards the apex. Stem naked or spa-
ringly leafy. General umbel with few rays ; leaflets of the involucre few and
often lobed: partial one of several rays; the leaflets of the involucel several
and entire. Flowers in the same umbel, male, female, or bisexual.

1134, (1) S. elata (Ham.:) stem dichotomous at the apex : leaves 3-partite
or ternate, glabrous ; segments sessile, ovate, acute, lobed and serrated, cu-
neate at the base, the lateral ones often bipartite : umbels usually 3-fid, few-
flowered : flowers polygamous, the males pedicelled.— Don, prod. ft. Nep. p.
183; DC. prod. 4. p. 85; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 116 ; Wall. ! L. n. 559 ; Wight!
cat. n. 1188.—S, hermaphrodita, Don ? l. c. ; Spr.? l c. |

TRIBE HI. AMMINER. Koch.; DC.

Fruit evident] compressed laterally, and usually somewhat didymous. Mericarps
with 5 equal filiform and sometimes s gh winged primar ridges ; the lateral ones
on the margin : secondary ridges wanting. Vitte various. eed gibbously convex on
the back and flattish in ront, or terete. —Umbels perfectly compound.

III. APIUM. Linn.; Hoffm.; DC.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 22.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals roundish, entire, with a small in-
flexed or involute point. Stylopodium depressed. Fruit roundish, laterally
contracted, didymous. Mericaps with 5 equal filiform ridges, of which the
lateral ones are marginal. Interstices with single vittze, outer ones frequent-
ly with 2-3 vittæ. Carpophore entire. Seed gibbously convex, flat in front.
—Herbaceous. Stem furrowed, branched. Leaves pinnated, segments cu-
neiform, cut. Umbels nearly sessile on axillary branchlets or at the apex of
the stem. Involucre and involucel wanting. Flowers greenish-white. -

1135. (1) A. graveolens (Linn. :) glabrous: leaves pinnated ; upper ones
ternate ; site Mo i incise ye toothed at the apex : petals YN
point closely involute.—J C. prod. 4. p. 101; Spr. syst. 1. p. 890; Wall.! L.
n. 212 ; Wight! cat. n. 1189.—Apium Celeri, Gertn. fr. 1. t. 22.

IV. HELOSCIADIUM. Koch.; DC.

Margin of the calyx obsolete, or 5-toothed. Petals ovate, entire, with a
‘Straight or inflexed point. Styles short. Fruit laterally compressed, ovate
or oblong. Mericarps with 5 filiform equal slightly prominent ridges, of
which the lateral ones are marginal. Interstices with single vitte. Carpophore
entire, free. Seed gibbously or teretely convex, flattish in front—Herba-
ceous. Umbels compound. Flowers white.

368 e — 5. VLEs. © Prvcnonis,

1136. (1) H. Heyneanum (DC.:) annual, glabrous: stem erect, slightly
branched : leaves long-petioled, ternate ; segments shortly petioled, lanceo-
late, acuminated, or tripartite, toothed : umbels long-peduncled, without in-
voluere or involucels ; the rays 5-20, elongated ; partial umbels 5-8-flowered:
fruit orbicular, somewhat didymous, glabrous.— DC. prod. 4. p. 106 ; Wight !
cat. n. 1190.— Pimpinella Heyneana, Wall.! L. n. 566.—Apium trifoliatum,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 96.—Seseli Zeylanicum, herb. Madr. ! Circars ; Rox-
burgh. Courtallum ; Klein. Mysore; Heyne.

We have it also from Ceylon. Perhaps we ought to have restored the spe-
cific appellation given by Roxburgh ; and we have only been prevented from
doing so by there being already an H. trifoliatum in De Candolle's prodromus,
founded on Pimp. trifoliata, Wall. L. n. 565.

V. PTYCHOTIS. Koch; DC.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, bifid or emarginate,
with a long inflexed point proceeding: from the sinus, and cohering with the
middle vein. Fruit compressed, ovate or oblong. Mericarps with 5 equal
filiform primary ridges, the lateral ones marginal. Interstices with single vit-
te. Carpophore bipartite. Seed terete or gibbously convex, flattish in front.
—Annual or biennial plants. Cauline leaves usually cut into numerous Ca-
pillary segments. Umbels compound: involucre wanting or few-leaved ;
involucel of several leaves. Flowers white.

De Candolle supposes that the petals have a transverse plait, from the middle of
which, and not from the apex of the petal, the small appendage or adnate portion 18
produced : this is certainly not the case in any species we have examined ; nor, n-,
deed, is there any essential difference between the structure of the petals in this ge-
nus and in many others of the order. The inflexed and adnate point y iens to
us to proceed from the sinus; or rather, we may say, it is by the petal being ex-
tremely introflexed, that the deep sinus is formed. By its adhering to and contract-
ing the middle vein, the lower half of the petal is concave, while the two lobes on
each side of the sinus are flat or slightly recurved; and it is the — between
the concave and flat portion, which we presume has been mistaken for a plait.

1137. (1) P. Ajowan (DC.:) stem erect, dichotomous: leaves few, cut into
numerous linear or filiform segments ; the uppermost simply pinnate: um
with 7-9 rays: involucre few-leaved ; leaflets linear, entire: fruit strongly
ribbed, covered with small blunt tubercles.— D C. prod. 4. p. 109 ; Wight:
cat. n. 1191.—Ligusticum Ajowan, Flem.; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 91; in E. Lo.
mus. tab. 1042.— Athamantha Adjowan, Wall. L. n. 572.

VI. PINPINELLA. Linn.; Koch.; DC.

Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals obovate, emarginate, with the point -
long and inflexed. Fruit contracted laterally, ovate. Stylopodium cushion- -
shaped. Styles generally reflexed, sometimes straight, somewhat capitate at
the apex. Mericarps with 5 equal filiform ridges, the lateral ones marginal.
Interstices with many vittee. Carpophore bifid. Seed gibbous-convex, flat-
tish in front.—Herbaceous plants with simple roots. Radical leaves either

pinnated with the segments usually roundish and toothed, or rarely ag®® :

pinnated, or entire: stem leaves more finely divided. Umbels general anc —
partial with many rays, without involueres or involucels, or very rarely W 2
them. Petals white, more rarely reddish or yellow. ae

. P. diversifolia, DC., or Heracleum diversifolium, Wall. L. n. 574, is, accordi bots

specimens from Dr Wallich, a true species of Heracleum, to De
6th section, and not apparently distinet from H. ule DC s :

Candolles ——

Diwertecc i. ^ UMBELLIFER X. Q* 369

$ 1. Znvoluere and involucel few-leaved.

*1138. (1) P.? involucrata (W. & A. :) stem erect, dichotomous, glau-
cous: leaves ternate ; segments cut and pinnated, or sometimes entire in the
upper leaves ; lobes in the lower leaves linear-oblong and short, in the upper
oblong-linear and elongated : umbels with 6-8 rays ; leaflets of the involucre
and involucel few (about 6), subulate, entire, much shorter than the rays:
styles reflexed : fruit slightly ribbed, minutely muricated all over.— Wight!
eat. n. 1192, 1193.—A pium involucratum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. b. 97; in E. Ei
mus. tab. 1388.—Athamantha Roxburghiana, Wall.! L. n. 571 .— Ptychotis
Roxburghiana, DC. prod. 4. p. 109.—Phellandrium, Wall.! L. n. 7217.

Although we have only seen letter d, at p. 248 of Wall. L. n. 571, we have
every reason to believe it the same with the others: and on that supposition
we have referred to De Candolle; but we can scarcely account for his over-
looking the numerous vittee in the interstices, unléss indeed his specimens
may not have presented sufficiently advanced fruit, and he had arranged the
species along with Pt. Ajowan on account of the muricated mericarps. It
must be allowed to be a dubious species of Pimpinella, on account of the pre-
sence of an involucre : but we cannot find characters to separate it generical-
ly, unless they are to be found in the carpophore, which our specimens were
not sufüciently advanced to exhibit.

1139. (2) P. Candolleana (W. & A. :) perennial?: stem erect, slightly
branched, and the petioles densely pubescent or shortly villous: leaves very
pubescent on both sides, hard and firm, cartilaginously toothed ; radical and

ower cauline ones reniform-cordate, entire; middle cauline ones tripar-
tite, the segments cut and sometimes lobed ; upper ones small and divided
wn to the sheath : umbels with many (10-16) very pubescent rays : leaves
of the involucre 5-8, subulate, deciduous, much shorter than the rays ; of the
mvolucel somewhat permanent, about the length of the rays: styles at length
xed: fruit densely covered with small granular tubercles.— Wight / cat.

n. 1194.— —Mountains in the south of the Peninsula. :
n. Javana, DC., seems very closely allied to this species, but De Candolle
escribes its fruit hirsutely hispid, and the involucre with only one leaf. The
arpophore in this and the next appears at first sight entire, although a more

ul examination shows it to be split. à

$ 2. Involuere and involucel wanting.— Eupimpinella.

1140. (3) P. Lesehenaultii (DC. :) biennial? : stem slightly branched, gla-
; or minutely pubescent: radical leaves petioled, orbicular, cordate, en- .
tire, toothed, firm and hard, many-nerved at the base, glabrous on the upper
Side, pubescent on the under; cauline ones few, divided, small and almost
. Teduced to the sheathes : umbel with 5-10 pubescent rays ; partial ones with
.. Many rays: involucres and involucels wanting : styles diverging : fruit ovate-

ated, glabrous.— DC. prod. 4. p. 122 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1195.——Neel-
erries,

VII. BUPLEURUM. Tourn.; Linn.; DC. Pica’

_ Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals roundish, entire, with the closely
‘nvolute point broad and retuse. Fruit laterally compressed or somewhat
.."ymous, crowned with the depressed stylopodium. Ridges of the meri-
carps 5, equal, either winged, sharp, filiform, or obsolete: the lateral ones
i Interstices with or without vittee, smooth or granulated. Seed
teretely convex, flattish in front.—Herbaceous or shrubby glabrous plants.
“ves rarely divided, usually from the abortion of the limb and dilatation of

. the petiole changed into phyllodia with quite entire margins. Umbels com.
; ; Pound. Involucres various. Flowers yellow. |
Aa

370 i UMBELLIFERÆ. BUPLEURUM,

1141. (1) B. distichophyllum (W. & A.:) perennial: stems erect, simple
and twiggy below, flexuose and almost simply branched upwards : leaves
distichous and usually crowded near the base of the stem, more distant up-
wards, somewhat erect, from narrow-linear and much acuminated to linear-
subulate, very sharp, amplexicaul, striated on the under side : general umbel
with 5-8 rays; partial with 10-13 flowers : leaflets of the involucre and in-
volucel about 5 or 6, linear acuminated and very sharp; the former about
twice as short as the rays, the latter usually longer than the fruit : fruit pro-
minently ribbed, rather shorter than the pedicels ; interstices flattish, with
single vittæ.— Wight ! cat. n. 1196.

* 1142. (2) B. virgatum (W. & A.:) perennial: stems Sic twi
simple or nearly so below,;with a few flower-bearing almost leafless s ort
branches towards the top: leaves linear, shortly but very sharply pointed,
few-nerved, lower ones long and narrow, upper broader and shorter: gene-
ral umbels with 4 rays; partial with 5-6 flowers: leaflets of the involucre |
and involucel oblong-linear, pointed ; the former 3-4, 3-4 times shorter
the rays; the latter 4-6, about the length of the flowers, shorter than the
fruit: fruit about 3 times longer than the pedicels, strongly ribbed ; inter-
stices striated, with 3 vittee. 4

Our specimens are from Ceylon, but we insert it here, as it is probably like-
wise a native of the southern mountainous districts of the Peninsula. In ha-
bit it approaches closely to B. tenue, Don, and B. longicaule, Wall.

1143. (3) B. mueronatum (W. & A.:) perennial: stems from a horizontal
woody shoot, erect, slightly branched or simple below, flexuose upw
with short and almost simple branches: leaves linear, bluntish with a long
mucro, somewhat coriaceous, pellucid on the margin, amplexicaul,
nerved: general umbel with 5-6 rays ; partial one with 6-12 flowers: leaflets
of the involucre and involucel linear-oblong, mucronate ; the former 2-3 parts
shorter than the rays, the latter longer than the flowers and shorter than t h
fruit: fruit sharply ribbed, twice as long as the pedicels ; interstices flattis
with single vittee.—Wight ! cat. n. 1197.

1144. (4) B. ramosissimum (W. & A.:) perennial diffuse and hic
branched: leaves Sar inen with a Mid Lees narrowed towards =
base, amplexicaul, 5-9 nerved, between coriaceous and membranaceous : E
neral umbels with 5-8 rays ; partial with 8-12 flowers: leaflets of the Inv?
cre and involucel about 5, oblong-linear, mucronate; the former 2-3 py
shorter than the rays ; the latter rather longer than the flowers, shorter nem
the fruit: fruit about a half longer than the pedicels, strongly ribbed ; n
stices with 1-2 vittze.— Wight ! cat. n. 1198.

TRIBE IV.—SESELINEJE&. Koch.

Fruit, when cut transversely, terete or nearly so, Meri with 5 filiform or
winged ridges, of which the lateral ones Segor deny and either equal bry
little broader than the others. Interstices with 1 or more vitte, very rarely wi
= Seed somewhat teretely convex on the back, flattish in front. Raphe
nal or nearly so, Umbels perfectly compound.

VIII. F(ENICULUM. Adans.; DC.; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 28. "
dis ‘

Margin of the calyx tumid, obsolete, and without teeth. Petals roun
entire, involute, the involute portion somewhat square and retuse. ^ p
somewhat terete. Mericarps with 5 prominent bluntly keeled se m e
which the lateral ones are marginal and a little broader than the others. Ta e.
terstices with single vittæ. Commissura with 2 vitte. Seed nearly wt E
rete.—Herbaceous annual, biennial or perennial plants. Stems terete, 9e

Fanicunum. UMBELLIFERJE, 371

securely striated, branched. Leaves pinnated, decompound ; the segments
linear-setaceous. Involucre and involucel entirely or almost wanting. Flow-
ers yellow.

* 1145. (1) F. vulgare (Geertn.:) biennial: stem terete at the base : seg-
ments of the leaves linear-filiform, elongated : umbels with 13-20 rays : invo-
luere wanting.—-Gertn. fr. 1. p. 105. t. 23 3 DC. prod. 4. p. 142 ; Wight ! cat.
n. 1199.—F. officinale, Allioni.— Anethum Feniculum, Linn.—Meum Feeni-
culum, Spr. syst. 1. p. 891.

From this F. Panmorium, DC., or Anethum Panmori, Roxb. (fl. Ind. 2. p.
94, and in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1387) appears scarcely to differ; it is annual
and only ofa few months' duration ; its leaves are at all times scattered over
the stem, and they are fewer and more remote than in F. vulgare ; this last
does * not blossom till the second year, during which period the leaves are

ifarious, infinitely larger and more divided than in" F. Panmorium.—Roxn.

IX. SESELI. Linn. ; DC.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed ; the teeth short, thickish, and sometimes ob-
literated. Petals obovate, emarginate or entire, with an inflexed point. Fruit
ovate, oval, or oblong, somewhat terete, crowned with the reflexed styles.
Mericarps with 5 prominent and filiform, or elevated thick and corky ridges ;
the lateral ones marginal and often a little broader than the others. Inter-
stices with single vittze, the outer ones rarely with 2 vittee. Commissura with
2 or rarely 4 vittee. Seed nearly semiterete.—Herbaceous biennial or peren-
nial plants, Leaves pinnated or ternately decompound. Involucre usually
of few, rarely of many leaves, or wanting. Involucel several-leaved. Flowers
White, very rarely yellow.

1146. (1) 8. i W. & A.:) diffuse, branched, all over slightly vil-
lous : rena Eataa y hee aera y segments roundish, entire or lobed
or pinnatifid, cut and toothed : general umbels on longish peduncles, with
about 12 rays ; partial ones many flowered : leaves of the involucre and in-
volucel many (about 8 or 10), lanceolate, with a subulate point, membrana-
eous on the margins, hairy: fruit somewhat globose, covered all over but
Particularly on the ridges with speading straight hairs furnished with 2 di-
Varicating or reflexed points ; ridges elevated, corky : vittæ single in the in-
terstices and under each ridge !— Wight ! cat. n. 1200.—Ligusticum Indicum,

*

n.! in Wall.! L. n. 7215. eris
Probably this may form a separate genus on account of there being vitte
not only in the interstices but also under the ridges.

TRIBE V.—PEUCEDANEX. DC.

Fruit more or less compressed dorsally, surrounded by a single dilated smooth
winged flattened or slightly convex (but not thickened. at. the. edged cotre margin.
Mericarps with 5 filiform or more rarely winged ridges, of which the Seed flattened
contiguous to the dilated margin or passing intoit. Raphe marginal.
°F convex on the back.—Umbels perfectly compound.

X. ANETHUM. Tourn. ; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 21 : DC.
. Margin of the calyx obsolete. Petals roundish, entire, involute, with the
‘volute portion somewhat square and retuse. Fruit lenticularly compressed
on the back, surrounded by a flattened margin. Mericarps with 5 equidis-
tant filiform ridges, the dorsal and 2 intermediate ones acutely keeled, the

lateral ones more obsolete and passing into the margin. Vitte broad, solita-
; A22

372 UMBELLIFERJE. PASTINACA.

ry in and filling up the whole of each interstice, 2 on the commissura. Seed
slightly convex, flat in front.—Annual, erect, glabrous plants. Leaves de-
compound: lobes linear, setaceous. Involueres and involucels wanting.
Flowers yellow..

1147. (1) A. Sowa (Roxb. :) fruit oblong, almost destitute of a membrana-
ceous margin.—Roab. fl. Ind. 2. p. 965 in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1046 ; Wall.
n 595; Wight! cat. n. 1201.—A. graveolens, herb. Madr. !; Wall.! L.n.

XI. PASTINACA. Tourn.; Linn.; DC.

Margin of the calyx obsolete or minutely toothed. Petals roundish, entire,
involute, the involute part broad and retuse. Fruit flat-compressed dorsally,
surrounded by a dilated flattened margin. Mericarps with very slender
ridges ; the dorsal and 2 intermediate ones equidistant, the lateral contiguous
to the dilated margin. Vitte linear, scarcely shorter than the ridges, solitary
in each interstice, 2 or more on the commissura. Carpophore bipartite. Seed
flattened.—Herbaceous plants with a fusiform and often fleshy root. Leaves
pinnated, the segments toothed, cut or lobed. Umbel compound. Involu-
cre and involucel wanting or few-leaved. Flowers usually yellow.

1148. (1) P. Candolleana (W. & A.:) stem striated or slightly furrowed,
glabrous below, pubescent below the umbels and on the rays: leaves pubes-
cent ; ultimate divisions pinnatifid or lobed, their segments oblong acuminat-
ed and sharply serrated: leaflets of the involucre and involucel deciduous,
linear-oblong: margin of the calyx toothed : fruit oblong, glabrous ; lateral
vittæ close to the intermediate ridges; commissura with 2 vittse.— Wight !
eat. n. 1202.

The flowers appear white.

1149. (2) P. /igusticifolia (W. & A.:) stem slightly striated or almost even,
glabrous Asc rtm e the am and m ca rays: leaves glabrous ;
ultimate divisions pinnatifid or lobed ; their segments ovate, acute, serrated :
leaflets of the involucre and involucel linear-oblong, acuminated, deciduous :
margin of the calyx inconspicuously toothed : fruit oval, very glabrous, po-
lished ; lateral vittæ close to the intermediate ridges; commissura with 2 vit- -
tee.— Wight! cat. n. 1203.

Our specimens of both these species are imperfect: they are no doubt
closely allied, but appear distinct.

XII. HERACLEUM. Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 200; DC.

Calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate, with the point inflexed ;
the exterior ones often larger, spreading and bifid. Fruit dorsally flat-com-
pressed, surrounded by a dilated flattened margin. Mericarps with very
slender ridges, the dorsal and intermediate ones equidistant ; the two late-
ral ones remote and contiguous to the dilated margin. Vittæ solitary in t
interstices, or rarely in pairs in the lateral ones, usually 2 but sometimes 4 or
none on the commissura, all shorter than the fruit and usually club-s:
Carpophore bipartite. Seed flattened.—Herbaceous and usually large plants.
Leaves pinnated, ternate, or lobed: petioles amply sheat ing. Umbels with
many rays. Involucre deciduous, usually few-leaved. Involucel many-
leaved.

1150. (1) H. Sprengelianum (W. & A.:) stem. branched, furrowed, har
ly puberulous towards the top: petals equal: fruit nearly orbieular; ` s
on the back linear, acute, a little shorter than the fruit, the latera* snm

Heracreum. UMBELLIFERJE. 373

the middle of the interstices ; vittæ on the commissura 4, slightly clavate and
unequal.— Wight ! cat. n. 1904,
Of this we have not seen the leaves.

1151. (2) H. rigens (Wall. :) stem slightly branched, furrowed, pubescent
or hirsute: leaves ternate ; divisions roundish, somewhat cordate at the base,
toothed, upper side more or less scabrous with short hairs, under densely pu-
bescent or tomentose, lateral ones on a short, terminal one on a long petiole,
the latter bluntly 3-lobed or ternate: leaflets of the involucel ovate : petals
equal: fruit obovate; vitte on the back linear, much shorter than the fruit,
the lateral ones in pairs, and close to the intermediate ridges; vittæ on the
commissura 4, acute, unequal, the two outer the shorter—Wall.! L. n. 575 :
DC. prod. 4. p. 191 ; Wight! cat. n. 1205 and 1206 (deformed specimen.)—
Conium Siva, herb. Madr. /—Dindygul hills. Mysore.

1152. (3) H. Hookerianum (W. & A. :) stem nearly simple, furrowed, coarse-
ly pubescent or somewhat hirsute with short glutinous hairs : leaves nearly ra-
dical, 3-lobed, toothed, sparingly pubescent or hairy on the upper side, short-
ly tomentose on the under ; lobes roundish, toothed, the terminal one the

"Best and often 3-lobed ; upper stem-leaves few, and sometimes almost re-
duced to the mere sheathes: umbels long-peduncled, with 6-10 rays: leaf-
t$ of the involucre persistent durin flowering, afterwards deciduous, lan-
ceolate-subulate ; of the involucel ob ong lanceolate, longer than the flowers :
petals (whitish with a tinge of red) unequal: fruit (very immature) sprinkled
With a few short hairs ; commissura with 2 vittæ.— Wight! cat. n. 1207.
Mountains in the south of the Peninsula.

TRIBE VI.—CUMINEÆ. Koch.

Fruit laterally contracted. Mericarps with 5 rimary filiform ridges of which the
teral ones are tanrginal, and 4 seconde ones bore prominent than the others, all
9fthem wingless. Seed straight, flattish in front. —Umbels compound.

XIII. CUMINUM. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 23; DC.

Calyx-teeth 5, lanceolate or setaceous, unequal, persistent. Petals between
erect and spreading, oblong, emarginate, with the point inflexed. Fruit la-
terally contracted. Mericarps with the ridges wingless, the 5 primary ones
filiform and minutely muricated, the lateral ones marginal, the 4 secondary
ones more prominent and prickly. Interstices with single vittæ under the
Secondary ridges. Carpophore bipartite. Seed slightly concave in front,
convex on the back.—Herbaceous plants. Leaves multifid, the lobes linear-
‘Setaceous. Involucre of 2-4 simple or divided leaflets ; involucel dimidiate,
2-4-leaved, at length reflexed. Flowers white or reddish.

* 1153. (1) C. Cyminum (Linn.:) lobes of the leaves linear-setaceous,
pcute: umbel with 3-5 rays: involucel longer than the usually pubescent
-—DC. prod. 4. p. 201; Spr. syst. 1. p. 905; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 92 ;
Wall. L, n. 594.
e consider this a very doubtful native of India.

TRIBE VIL—DAUCINEE. Koch.

Fruit lenticularly compressed at the back, or somewhat terete. Mericarps with 5

form bristly primacy rie of which the lateral ones are placed on the flat com-
Ries and 4 more prominent prickly secondary ones, the prickles being either dis-
. tinet or united into a wing. Seed flattened or convex on the back, flattish in front,
—Umbels compound.

374 UMBELLIFERAE. Davevs.

XIV. DAUCUS. Tourn. ; Linn. ; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 20; DC.

Margin of the calyx 5-toothed. Petals obovate, emarginate, with the point
inflexed, the outer ones often larger than the others and deeply bifid. Fruit
somewhat compressed dorsally, ovate or oblong. Mericarps with 5 filiform
and bristly primary ridges, of which 3 are on the back, and 2 on the flat com-
missura; the 4 secondary ridges equal, more prominent, with one row of
prickles which are slightly connected at the base. Interstices with single vit-
tee under the secondary ridges. Seed flattish in front.—Herbaceous often
biennial plants. Leaves bi-tri-pinnated. Involucre of several trifid or pinna-
tifid leaflets: involucel also of several, either entire or trifid. Flowers white
or yellow, the central one often fleshy and sterile.

_ “1154. (1) D. Carota (Linn.:) stem hispid; leaves twice or thrice pinnated ;
divisions pinnatifid ; the lobes lanceolate, cuspidate: leaflets of the involucre
pinnated, about the length of the umbel; the divisions subulate-setaceous :
umbels with a solitary coloured abortive central flower, concave when in
seed : the prickles slender, and about equal to the diameter of the oblong-oval
fruit—DC. prod. 4. p. 211; Spr. syst. 1. p. 897 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 2. p.90;
Wail. L. n. 1214; Wight! cat. n. 1208.

This has probably escaped from gardens.

TRIBE VIIL— CAUCALINEJEK. Koch.

Fruit laterally contracted or somewhat terete. Mericarps with 5 primary filiform
bristly or prickly ridges, of which the lateral ones are on the flat commissura; and 4
more prominent and prickly secondary ones that are sometimes obliterated from the
abundance of prickles covering the whole interstices. Seed involute or with the
margin inflexed.—Umbels compound.

XV. TORILIS. Spr.; DC.

Calyx-teeth 5, triangular-lanceolate, acute, persistent. Petals obovate,
emarginate with the point inflexed, the outer ones larger and bifid. Fruit
contracted laterally. Mericarps with 5 primary bristly. ridges, of which 3 are.
on the back, and 2 on the flat commissura: the secondary ridges obliterated
from the numerous prickles that fill the interstices. Interstices with single
vittee beneath the prickles. Carpophore setaceous, bifid. Seed with the mar-
gin inflexed.—Herbaceous plants with multifid leaves. Hairs short, adpressed
and pointing downwards on the stem, erect on the rays of the umbel. Um-
bels terminal or leaf-opposed. Involucre 1-8-leaved : involucel of 5-8-lan-
ceolate, ciliated leaflets. Flowers white, those of the disk male and sterile.
Prickles of the fruit slender, hair-like, often hooked at the apex.

1155. (1) T. Anthriscus (Gmel.:) hispi : leaves bipinnat-
ed ; divisions lanceolate, rires Lo enata eeu nr podio
terminal, with 5-7 rays: leaflets of the involucre 4-5, linear-subulate :

prickles close, rigid, incurved and simple at the apex, about twice shorter
than the breadth of the fruit.—Spr. syst. 1. p. 898 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 2185
Wight ! cat. n. 1209.—Caucalis Anthriscus; Scop ; Don, prod. fl. Nep. p. 183..
—C. elata, Wall. ! L. n. 564. b. ( p. 248.)— Tordylium Anthriscus, Linn. ——
Our specimens of T. elata, DC., or Cauc. elata, Don. (Wall. L. n. 564. @

I. and 2.) are too imperfect to admit of our ascertaining whether or not it be
also referable to this species: the habit is precisely the same and the leaves
being more divided and the leaflets of the involucel a little more numerous.

Ozona. UMBELLIFERÆ. 375

(5-8), are characters too dependent on local circumstances to be of the least
value. Don, however, states that the prickles on the fruit are straight, which
is more worthy of attention, but then De Candolle places it in the section
with the prickles incurved. Perhaps as Dr Wallich found both in Nepal,
they are mixed together under the same number.

TRIBE IX, —$CANDICINEJ. Koch.

Fruit evidently compressed or contracted laterally, usually beaked. Mericarps
vith 5 filiform or winged ridges, of which the lateral ones are marginal, all of them
equal and sometimes obliterated at the base, and only conspicuous at the apex.
Seed teretely convex, either deeply furrowed in front or with the margin involute.—
Umbels compound. i

XVI. OZODIA. W.& A.

Margin of the calyx almost obsolete. Petals roundish, emarginate, involute,
the involute portion somewhat square and retuse. Styles short, conical, di-
verging, persistent, rigid. Fruit oblong, laterally compressed, without a

- Mericarps with 5 primary filiform scarcely prominent ridges, of
which the lateral are marginal, with a furrow along the commissura. Vittæ
solitary in the flattish interstices, two on the commissura. Seed teretely con-
vex on the back, furrowed in front, with a simple seed-coat.—Glabrous glau-
cous plants with the habit of Feniculum, Stem striated. Leaves multifid,
with the lobes linear-setaceous. Umbels with 12-20 rays. Involucre and
involucel wanting. Petals yellowish.

This genus appears very closely allied to Gr

1156. (1) O. feniculacea (W. & A.)—Wight ! cat. n. 1210.

Sent to Dr Wight by his collectors under the name of Paroon-seragum.
We cannot refer any described plant to it; at one time we suspected that it
might be Anethum Panmori of Roxburgh, but Roxburgh's drawing does not
Tepresent the fruit or seed of the present genus.

iadium of De Candolle.

ORDER LXXVIII. ARALIACEJE. Juss.

Calyx entire or toothed. Petals 5-16, alternate with the teeth of
the calyx, very rarely wanting and then (in Adoxa) perhaps changed
Into supplementary stamens: æstivation valvate. Stamens as many as
the petals, rarely twice as many, inserted below the margin of a large
epigynous dise: anthers 2-celled. Ovarium cohering with the tube of
the calyx, of two or more cells, or very rarely of one cell: ovules so-
litary, pendulous: styles as many as the cells of the ovary, distinct,
conerete, or rarely wanting: stigmas simple. Fruit usually fleshy,
2-15-celled, or very rarely with only 1 cell, crowned with the limb of
the calyx : endocarp crustaceous. Seeds solitary, pendulous. Embryo
small, surrounded with a copious fleshy albumen, close to the hilum:
radicle pointing to the hilum, superior.— Trees, shrubs, or herbaceous
Plants. Leaves alternate, exstipulate. Flowers umbelled or capitate.

ides the following, we have also a plant eter trien E add - om

111 with th i this order ; bu
ae ee he arora id i rid on rig The following description may

376 ARALIACE E. HEDERA.

however enable it to be again recognised.—Flowers unisexual. Male. Perianth sim-
ple, 4-partite ; segments linear-elliptical, coriaceous, valvular in zstivation. Sta-
mens Mads ann with the divisions of the perianth: filaments very short, broadest
at the base: anthers fixed by their back a little above the base, nearly as long as the

erianth, dehiscing longitudinally. No rudiment of a pistillum. Female unknown.
[ve twining, glabrous as well as the whole plant. Leaves alternate, oval, shortly
acuminated, with a few teeth or short sharp lobes near the base, scarcely coriaceous,
feather-nerved ; nerves rather distant, about 5 on each side of the midrib. Petioles
twining. Peduncles several (3-5) together, filiform, pretty long, springing from tu-
bercles at the apex of very short abortive supra-axillary branchlets (or general pe-
duncles ?), each bearing a simple many-flowered umbel. ' Pedicels slender, surround-
ed at the base by a minute cup-shaped 4cleft ciliated bractea resembling a little ca-
lyx.—Our specimens were obtained from Klein's herbarium ; there was no name or
locality attached. If this be truly Araliaceous, we may suppose the flowers to be
polygamous, and the calyx in the male flower to be quite abortive, while the petals
are what we term the segments of the perianth.

I. PANAX. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 860.

Flowers polygamous. Margin of the calyx very short ; obsoletely 5-tooth-
ed. Petals 5. Stamens as numerous as the petals, alternating and insert a
with them. Styles 2-3, short. Fruit fleshy, compressed, orbicular or didy-

mous, 2-3-celled ; cells coriaceously chartaceous. Trees, shrubs, or her-
baceous plants.

P. anisum, DC. is a species of Zanthoxylum.

* 1157. (1) P. fruticosum (Linn.:) shrubby, unarmed: leaves pinnately
decompound ; leaflets petioled, oval-oblong, acuminated, very acutely ser-
rated, often variously laciniated : panicle corymbose, the branchlets bearing
umbels at the apex: styles 2-3: ovary and berry 2-3-lobed and celled.—DC.
prod. 4. p. 254; Spr. syst. 1. p. 867 ; Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 76; in E. I. C.
me tab. 1389 ; Wall. ! L. n. 4932; Wight! cat. n. 1212—Rumph. Amb. 4.

d Our specimens were obtained from the Madras herbarium, and are probably
cultivated.

+1158. (2) P. Heyneana (Wall.)— Wall. L. n. 4927.

IL HEDERA. inn. ; Swartz; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 26.

Margin of the calyx elevated or toothed. Petals 5-10, distinct, or cohering
at the apex and falling off like a calyptra. Stamens 5-10. Styles as many —
as the petals rarely only 4, converging or combined into 1. Berry with as
many cells as there are styles.—Climbing or erect shrubs, or trees. Leaves
simple or compound. Flowers umbelled or capitate.

It is probable that several i i i s, while the
remainder may be transferred. retro ame ger aer le. does not yA
pear to differ, and the Asiatic and Mauritius species of Gilibertia may likewise
united. Gilibertia Nalugu, DC., however, or Gastonia Nalugu of Lamarck and of
; prengel, is LL. ende a. ME may further remark, that drale palmata 18
certainly a species o a, near H. jatrophifolia, DC., and is perhaps H. cheiran-
tha, Wall. L. n. 4925 : A. i ir i of Loureiro
(not of Linneus) isa tds golem belongs to — chinensis »
1159. (1) H. latifolia W. & Aw: labrous : ves innatel 3-foliolate ;
leaflets roundish, stony cordate s the base, osti auei ed distan
serrated, p coriaceous, without prominent veins, petioled, the termine
petiole nearly twice as long as the others: panicle long, slender, narrow, con
sisting of a few distant fascicles of peduncles bracteated at their base ; rachis
compressed : flowers 3-5 together, umbelled : calyx 5-toothed : corolla calyp-
tra-shaped: stamens 5: styles 4: ovary 4-celled.— Wight ! cat. n.1219. . —

PanATROPIA. ARALIACEJE. 377

1160. (2) H. trifoliata (W. & A.:) shrubby, unarmed, glabrous: leaves
pinnately trifoliolate ; leaflets ovate with a narrow acumination, equal and
slightly acute at the base, somewhat closely bristle-serrated, scarcely coria-
ceous, petioled ; terminal petiole 4-5 times longer than the others : panicle
biform, bracteated ; flowers umbellate, numerous in each umbel: calyx
5-toothed: corolla calyptriform, ovoid: stamens 5: styles united into one:
berry 5-celled.— Wight ! cat. n. 1214.—Dindygul hills?
Closely allied to the following, but in all our specimens of both the charac-
ters given are constant.

1161. (3) H. Leschenaultii (W. & A.:) shrubby, unarmed, glabrous : leaves
pinnated ; leaflets 2 pair with an odd one, ovate with a narrow acumination,
retuse or slightly cordate at the base, lower pair and terminal one equal at
the base, the upper pair unequal, all searcely coriaceous, somewhat closely
bristle-serrated, petioled ; terminal petiole 4-6-times longer than the conti-

guous lateral ones, about twice as long as the lower ones: panicle corymbi-
. form, bracteated ; flowers umbellate, numerous in each umbel : calyx 5-tooth-
ed : corolla calyptra-shaped, hemispherical: stamens 5: styles united into 1:
berry hemispherical, 5-celled.— Wight ! cat. n. 1215.—Panax Leschenaultii,
DC.? prod. 4. p. 254.— Neelgherries. Dindygul hills.

Our only doubt as to this being De Candolle’s plant arises from his not de-
scribing the base of the leaflets as cordate or retuse.

1162. (4) H. ovata (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 4911. i
This is perhaps the same as n. 1211 of Wight’s Catalogue, which we have
described under the character of the order.

II. PARATROPIA. DC.—Heptapleurum, Gertn. fr. 2. ETARE

Calyx truncated, with scarcely any margin. Petals 5-9, distinct. Sta-
mens as many as the petals. Styles wanting. Stigmas 5-9, sessile and im-
mersed in the thick shortly conical epigynous disk. Fruit fleshy, containing
as many chartaceous cells as there are stigmas.—Unarmed trees or shrubs.
Leaves compound. Inflorescence panicled or thyroid.

. With the exception of P. nodosa, this appears a natural genus, having the leaves
igitate, and umbels of flowers arranged in racemes forming thyrses that are usually
crowded at the ends of the branches on their young leafless continuations.—We
opt the above name in preference to the older one given by Gartner, as the lat-
ter is not characteristic of the whole genus.

_ 1163. (1) P. venulosa (W. & A. :) somewhat arboreous, glabrous: leaves di-
gitate ; leaflets 5-7, long-petioled, elliptic, shortly and suddenly pointed,
quite entire, coriaceous with the veins prominent: thyrses numerous at the
ends of the branches ; bracteas none (or caducous) ; flowers pedicelled and
umbelled, numerous: petals and stamens 5: berry 5-celled.— Wight! cat. n.
1216,—Hedera terebinthacea, Wall.! L. n. 4920.-—Aralia digitata, Rowb. ff.
Tnd. 2. p. 107 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1229.—Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 28.—Circars.
Courtallum mountains. Malabar.

Rheede most unaccountably describes the berry as 1-seeded, and figures it
very unlike any that we have seen, although his section of the ovary is quite
correct. .** In. Hedera terebinthacea, which this species most resembles, the
Style which is single is as long as the filaments, and ends in a single acute
stigma ; consequently they cannot be the same, though in the Banksian her-

LJ

barium I believe my plant is marked H. terebinthiana.”—Roxs.

, 1164. (2) P. Wallichiana (W. & A.:) somewhat arboreous, glabrous : leaves
digitate ; leaflets 8-10, long-petioled, oblong, pointed, quite entire, coriace-
ous; veins not prominent: thryses numerous at the ends of the branches ;

teas caducous ; flowers pedicelled and umbelled, numerous: petals and
stamens 6: berry 6-celled.— Wight ! cat. n. 1217.——Courtallum.

378 LORANTHACE. Viscum.

1165. (3) P. capitata (W. & A.:) arboreous? : leaves digitate ; leaflets 6-9,
long-petioled, oblong, suddenly and shortly acuminated, retuse at the base,
quite entire, somewhat coriaceous without prominent veins, furfuraceous
when young particularly on the midrib: petiole furfuraceous: thryse elon-
gated, with a concave persistent bractea at the base of. the elongated pedun-
cles: flowers sessile, numerous, capitate: berry 6-9-celled.— Wight! cat. n.
1218.——Mountains in the Southern provinces.

Cr. 4.—EpicoroLL& ComisANTHERAJE, Juss.

Torus between the tube of the calyx and the ovary, and usually
forming at its extremity a small disk (epigynous) on the summit
of the ovary, which finally coheres entirely or rarely only at its
upper margin with the calyx-tube. Petals usually united into a
gamopetalous corolla, or rarely free, inserted on the outside of
the disk. Stamens inserted on the corolla. Anthers distinct.

ORDER LXXIX.—LORANTHACE/E. Rich. & Juss.

Calyx with a smaller calyx, or bractew, at the base of its tube: limb
short, entire or lobed. Petals 4-8, free or more or less united: æsti-
vation valvular. Stamens as many as the petals, and opposite to them:
filaments more or less combined with the petals: anthers versatile, or
erect, or adnate. Ovarium cohering with the tube of the calyx, 1-cell-
ed: ovule solitary: style filiform or almost wanting: stigma capitate.
Fruit fleshy, crowned with the calyx, 1-celled : endocarp membranace-
ous and tough, or somewhat crustaceous, marked with several longitu-
dinal nerves. Seed solitary. Embryo straight in the axis of a fleshy
albumen: radicle next the hilum, thickened or truncated at its extre-
mity.—Shrubs, almost all parasitical. Leaves fleshy, entire, opposite
or rarely alternate, sometimes wanting.

From this order we exclude Schepfia.

I. VISCUM. Tourn.; Linn.; Gertn. fr. 2. 1. 22 ; Lam. ill. t. 807.

Flowers dicecious or moneecious. Calyx with the margin obsolete and en-
tire. Petals 4 (more rarely 3 or 5), thick, nearly triangular from à b
base, very shortly united at the base into à gamopetalous 4-partite corolla, or
distinct, valvate in æstivation. Stamens wanting in the female; in the
without filaments, and with the anthers adnate to the petals and composed of
numerous little cells (or bilocular ?) : ovary in the female cohering with the

calyx. Stigma almost sessile, obtuse. Berry umbilicated, internally mucila-

Viscum. LORANTHACE, 379

ginous. Embryo irregular in its direction, sometimes 2 or 3 in the same
„Seed: extremity of the radicle often (always?) protruded beyond the albu-
men.—Parasitical shrubs, growing on dicotyledonous trees, all (with one ex-
ception) glabrous. Branches terete, tetragonal, or compressed, often jointed.
Leaves opposite or rarely alternate, often wanting or reduced to a mere
scale. Flowers fascicled, or in spikes.

_So far as we can trust to our numerous observations on dried specimens, the direc-
tion of the ovule and the situation of the hilum bear a relation to the position of the
radicle, but neither are absolutely constant in the same species: thus in V. orientale
the ovule goncraly arises from about the bottom of the cell, and the radicle points
obliquely downwards; but in other specimens the latter points upwards. In Loran-
thus the direction is probably more regular, the ovule being, we believe, constantly
pendulous and the radicle superior. In one or two species of Visewm the anthers
seemed to be 2-celled, as in Loranthus; but as the very few male flowers we have
seen were obtained from monecious specimens, they may perhaps be of a different
structure from others found on plants purely male : the calyx was present, nor did
the flower-buds exhibit any difference from those of the female except in the pre-
sence of anthers and absence of a stigma. Almost all the observations hitherto made
on the structure of the flowers, ovarium, and fruit of this fenus, have been taken
from the European species alone, and principally from V. album, so that much yet
requires to be done in tropical countries to ascertain, by an examination of growing

plants, if the generic characters hitherto given are common to all.

1166. (1) V. orientale (Willd.:) stem and older branches terete and even;
branches verticillate, or opposite, or dichotomous from the abortion of the
central shoot ; younger ones furrowed or angled ; extreme ones often slightly
compressed : leaves from narrow oblong to obovate, attenuated at the base,
tapering or rounded at the apex, obtuse or slightly acute, flat, 3- (or in large
specimens occasionally but rarely 5-) nerved; nerves (in the dried state)
slightly prominent on both sides: peduncles axillary, 3-5-flowered : berry
(purple) somewhat globose, copiously and very minutely dotted.— Willd. sp.
4. p. 737 ; Cham. and Schlecht. in Linnea, 4. p. 200; DC. prod. 4. p. 278 ;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 488 ; Wall.! L.n. 491; Wight! cat. n. 1219.— V. Heyneanum,
ee l. c.—V. cruciatum, Sieb.—V. verticillatum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 764 (not

inn. ;

‘ Ve variable as to the shape of the leaves and ramification. We have oc-
sionally found male flowers on the same plant with the female. V.monoicum
of Roxburgh (fl. Ind. 3. p. 763, or V. Benghalensis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 1181) is very closely allied, but differs by the leaves more constantly
lanceolate and pointed, and often a little faleate, with in general 5 nerves, by
the fascicles of flowers being sessile, by the flowers (generally in threes) in-
serted in a transversely oblong concave common bractea or cup, the middle
one being usually male, and by the berry oval-oblong: from it we cannot
distinguish V. fuleatum, Wall. ! L. 492 ; nor does V. confertum, Roxb. fl. In
3. p. 763 (judging by the short character given) appear to differ.

1167. (2) V. verruculosum (W. & A.:) stem and older branches terete and
even ; branches verticillate, or opposite, or dichotomous ; younger ones an-
gled and furrowed : leaves from obovate and obtuse to oblong and a little
acute, attenuated at the base, flat, 3- (or sometimes 5-) nerved ; nerves (in
the dried specimen) a little prominent on both sides: peduncles axillary, 3-
flowered : berries (very immature) linear-oblong, covered with little warts.—
i od cat. n. 1220.— V. monoicum, Wight! in Wall.! L.n. 6875 (noi Roxb.)
— Dindygul hills, about 3500 feet above the sea. à

Dr Widi made the following memorandum when he collected the speci-
mens: * Fruit long, slender, warty; lateral ones of each fascicle cernuous :
leaves and plant very like V. orientale, of which it is perhaps a variety.

1168. (3) V. Wallichianum (W. & ds :) stem and branches terete, swollen
E AL the joints, verticillate, or dichotomous, or opposite: leaves flat, narrow

3380 LORANTHACE Æ. Viscum,

oblong, obtuse, thick and coriaceous, 3-nerved ; nerves (in the dried state)
scarcely conspicuous on the one side, a little prominent on the other.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1221.—V. Wightianum, Wall.? L. n. 6877 (partly ?)

The flowers have fallen off; they appear to have been sessile around the
tumid joints.

1169. (4) V. Wightianum (Wall.:) stem and branches terete, a little swollen
at the joints, verticillate or dichotomous: leaves flat, broadly oval, obtuse,
very thick and coriaceous, 3-nerved ; nerves (in the dried state) obscure on
the upper side, quite hid within the substance of the leaf and not at all pro-
minent on the under.—Wall.! L. n. 6877 ; Wight! cat. n. 1222.

In this likewise the flowers have fallen off, but they appear to have been
as in the last, to which species it is closely allied, although apparently dif-
fering in the foliage : our specimens of both are however very imperfect.

1170. (5) V. capitellatum (Sm. :) stem and older branches terete ; younger
branches obscurely 4-angled or compressed, all verticillate or opposite:
leaves obovate or spathulate, obtuse, tapering at the base, concave upwards,
fleshy, obscurely 3-nerved : peduncles axillary, lower ones about 3 together
(or 6 in a verticil), upper often solitary, nearly as long as the leaves, beers d
a head of 3-6 sessile flowers: berries oval.—« ; leaves all perfect.—Wight
cat. n. 1223.—V. capitellatum, Smith in Rees’ cycl. ; DC. prod. 4. p. 279.—
V. mangiferæ, v oM in Wall.! L. n. 6878.—5 ; almost all the leaves abor-
tive (or caducous ?).— Wight! cat. n. 1224.

1171. (6) V. ramosissimum (Wall.:) entirely or almost leafless, much
branched : stem and branches terete, verticillate or opposite, younger branches
usually long and slender: leaves (when present) narrow oblong, 3-nerved:
flowers usually 3 together, axillary, sessile or nearly so: berries almost glo-
bose.— Wall. ! L. n. 6876 ; Wight! cat. n. 1225.

- 1172. (7) V. grossum (Wight :) leafless : stems terete, sparingly dichoto-
mous ; branches terete, jointed, equal between the joints: flowers fascicled

[eom joints.— Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 6879; cat. n. 1226.—— Dindygul high

1173. (8) V. angulatum (Heyne:) leafless: stems and older branches te- :
rete or obscurely many-angled, dichotomous ; younger ones opposite or ver- |
ticillate, 4-angled, jointed, equal between the joints: flowers sessile, oppo-
site or verticillate at the joints: berries nearly globose.— Wall. ! L. n. 497 ;

DC. prod. 4. p. 283 ; Wight! cat. n. 1227.— Dindygul hills, at an elevation
of 2500 feet. ignore oe ygul "

_ 1174. (9) V. attenuatum (DC. :) leafless : branches dichotomous, or ape
site, or verticillate, compressed, jointed : articulations elongated, slightly an
amg ans attenuated from their apex to the base, ten or more times longer

n broad, striated longitudinally: flowers 3-5 together on each side of the
apex of the joint : berries globose.— DC, prod. 4. p. 284 ; Wight ! cat. n. 122
—V. Yea Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 764 (not Linn.); Waill.! L.n. 496.

We have a plant very similar to this from Jamaica, gathered by the late
Dr Wright, and named by him y. opuntioides, but which we do not find de-
scribed in De Candolle's prodromus ; it principally differs from the Indian
species by the articulations not striated. ; ,

1175. (10) V. moniliforme (Blume :) leafless: stems terete at the base; — :
branches opposite or fascicled, compressed : articulations obovate-oblone: ee

tapering at the base, 3-4 times longer than broad, costate along the mi
but not striated: flowers sessile at the apex of the joints, opposite or 1n pu
posite fascicles of 3 together, sometimes nearly verticillate.— Cha
Schl. in Linnea 3. p. 202; DC. prod. 4. p. 284 ; Wight! cat. n. 1229. dde

Perhaps we are wrong in referring our plant to Blume's species; We VER
principally from the remark made by Chamisso and Schlechtentdal, that the

DPA RECESSU

LonANTHUS. LORANTHACE. 381

latter is very closely allied to V. opuntioides of Linnsus ; but then these bo-
tanists associate with it a Mauritius species (V. T«enioides, Comm.) and a
Nepaul one (F. dichotomum, Don), to which De Candolle attributes characters
at variance with ours. It is strange that De Candolle should in this instance
omit the shape of the articulations, by which he distinguishes other species,
actually leaving a character insufficient to separate it from most others of the
section.

IL. LORANTHUS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 258.—Lonicera. Gertn. fr. 1.
t. 27.

Flowers usually bisexual. Calyx-tube ovate, rarely turbinate: limb short,
truncated or toothed. Petals 4-8, usually 5-6, either distinct or more or
less united: sestivation valvular. Stamens as many as the petals and oppo-
site to them: filaments adnate to the base of the petals, free at the apex:
anthers 2-celled, adnate, or erect, or versatile. Style filiform. Stigma sim-
ple, capitate or turbinate. Berry roundish, or ovate, or oblong, or turbinate,
1-celled, 1-seeded, usually crowned with the limb of the calyx.—Shrubs
usually parasitical, rarely growing on the ground. Leaves opposite or alter-
nate, entire, usually thick and coriaceous. Flowers spiked, or racemose, or
panicled.

§ 1. Petals 4-6, equal, distinet or scarcely at all united at the very base : an-
thers erect or adnate—Enuloranthus, DC.

+ Flowers bisexual, 4-petalled, spiked, their base immersed in excavations of the
rachis and subtended by a small bractea adnate to and lining the excavation :
anthers adnate.

1176. (1) L. Hookerianus (W. & A.:) branches glabrous, terete, speckled
With minute tubercles: leaves when young furfuraceous, afterwards glabrous,
oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, shortly petioled, opposite or nearly so: spikes
axillary, simple, solitary, about the length of the leaves, many-flowered :
flowers a little immersed in the excavations of the rachis, furfuraceous: pe-
tals 4, linear, (about 2 lines long): anthers ovate, adnate: ovary depressed,
crowned with the 4-lobed limb of the calyx : stigma capitate : berries globose.
—Wight ! cat. n. 1230.

++ Fi i hort, racemose or panicled, with a cucullate
dae CU Vista. ie each flower: jotai linear : anthers adnate.

1177. (2) L. Wallichianus (Schult.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves
PERAN lasers ovate, Mes acute E the base: racemes 1-3, axillary,
a half shorter than the leaves, fascicled at the knots of the branches, simple :
flowers small, pedicelled : bractea lateral, cucullate : flower-bud nearly terete :
petals 4, linear-cuneate: berry almost globular, at length reflexed.—Schult.
syst. 7. p. 100; DC. prod. 4. p. 294.—L. polystachyus, Wall. in Ros. f.
Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 217 (not Ruiz and Pav.)—L. terrestris, Heyne.—h. te-
trandrus, Heyne-——Courtallum.

1178. (3) L. obtusatus (Wall.:) branches speckled: leaves opposite or al-
ternate, ES rather aie crm Ra petioled : racemes 1-2, ee eter
as long or longer than the leaves, simple: flowers pedicelled : ern teral,
. concave: flower-bud sharply 4-angled : petals 4, linear : berry nearly globose,
at length reflexed.—Wall. L. n. 566 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1231.

$2. Petals 4-6, equal, united from the base to about the middle, and forming a
regular 4—6-cleft corolla. Filaments adnate to the petals at the base, free

382 LORANTHACE X. LORANTHUS.

at the apex. Anthers erect at the apex of the Jülament.—Symphyanthus,
DC.

*- Flowers with a solitary bractea under each: corolla tubular, 5-cleft to beyond the
middle, the lobes recurved or reflexed, tube scarcely 5-angled, ventricose: an-
thers erect.

1179. (4) L. Neelgherrensis (W. & A. :) glabrous: branches terete, young
ones obscurely and bluntly angled: leaves alternate, elliptie-oblong, shortl
petioled, thick and somewhat fleshy, ultimate one of the branch (always ¢
orbicular-ovate : peduncles axillary, aggregated, very short, about the length
of the petiole, bearing an umbel of 3-7 very shortly pedicelled flowers:
bractea solitary under the ovary and close to it, lateral, ovate: margin of the
calyx obscurely repand-toothed : corolla glabrous, ventricosely gibbous at
the base, equally 5-cleft to beyond the middle ; segments cuneate-linear, re-
curved.— Wight ! cat. n. 1932; Neelgherries.

Of this we have only seen one specimen, and that very imperfect.

are Flowers sessile, capitate, or decussated and forming a short spike, with 3
roundish concave bracteas under the ovary : corolla tubular, 6- (or occasion-
ally 5.) cleft; lobes linear: flower-buds terete or slightly angled.

,1180. (5) L. loniceroides (Linn.:) glabrous: branches terete, young ones
slightly 2-edged : leaves opposite, petioled, ovate- or oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated: peduncles opposite, axillary, solitary, about equal to the petiole,
bearing at the apex a few and somewhat capitate or several and more or less
spiked sessile flowers: bracteas 3 at the base of each ovary, roundish, acute,
concave : margin of the calyx between tubular and cup-shaped, entire : corolla
elongated, tubular, curved, slightly gibbous on one side, several times longer
than the ovary and calyx, equally cleft into 6 (or sometimes 5) cuneate-
linear spreading lobes: anthers linear.— Linn. sp. p. 478 ; DC. prod.4. p. 299;
Spr. syst. 2. p. 131 ; Wall. in Roxb. Jl. Ind. (ed. Wail.) 2. p. 216 ; L. n.506.a;
Wight! cat. n. 1233.—L. coriaceus, Desr. in Lam. enc. meth. 8. p. 591.—L.
umbellatus, Heyne! in Roth, nov. sp. p. 192; DC. I. c. p. 816.—Rheed. Mal.
7. t. 29.— — Courtallum. ;

5 ugh described by several eminent botanists, there is scarcely one spe-
cific character strictly accurate: thus Wallich describes the corolla with the
limb cleft into 5 ents, while he says the flowers are hexandrous, and he
attributes to each flower 4 bracteas: De Candolle says that the peduncles are
longer! than the leaf, and that there are 4 bracteas under each head of
flowers ; Schultes (syst. 7. p. 108), translating from Wallich into Latin, states
the same thing, which leads us to suspect that neither of them understood
Dr Wallich's description : Blume also appears to have taken up the same er-
roneous idea, and thus induced De Candolle to refer the species to his section
Involucrati instead of to Elytranthes. Unquestionably the best description
is that given by Roth, although he only notices two bracteas to each flower.
Rheede's Mal. 7. t. 29. is bad as to the stamens and description of the flower,
but, we have no doubt, it belongs to this Species.

1181. (6) L. capitellatus (W. &-A. :) glabrous: branches terete, young
shoots compressed and two-edged: leaves opposite, oblong-lanceolate,
tuse, attenuated at the base into a short petiole: petiole sharply keeled at
the back: flowers sessile, capitate, few together, each with three roundish
acute concave bracteas at the base ; heads axillary, sessile : limb of the calyx
between tubular and cup-shaped, entire: flower-buds gibbous and nearly
terete at the base, 6-angled upwards: corolla-tube short, infundibuliform,
about a half longer than the ovary and calyx ; limb cleft into 6 equal cu-
neate-linear spreading segments as long as the tube.— Wight ! cat. n. 1234.—
AE seio, Wall.! L. n. 506. b.—— Malabar coast, on Artocarpus integri-

-

LonANTHUS. LORANTHACEA. 383

+++ Flowers racemose, subtended each by a single bractea, tubular, slender, 4-
(or 5?-) cleft; lobes oblong-linear: flower-bud terete.

T1182. (7) L. recurvus Mes :) branches terete, when old glabrous:
leaves alternate, petioled, e liptical, obtuse, acute at the base, nearly gla-
brous: peduncles axillary and lateral, branched, 2—5-flowered, and with the
densely pubescent flowers recurved: bractea broad, obliquely cup-shaped :
limb of the calyx cup-shaped and toothed: flower-bud terete: lobes of the
corolla 5, oblong: anthers oblong: stigma scarcely capitate.— Wall. L. n.
525; DC. prod. 4. p. 299.——Neelgherries ; Noton. :

This we have not seen; De Candolle defines the section with constantly
4-cleft flowers, but describes this species with them 5-cleft, an obvious error
in the one or the other which we cannot rectify. De Candolle further intro-
duces into this section L. graciliflorus, although it has the tube 4-angled at
the base; but that species, on the supposition that L. gracilifolius, Schult, is
the same (about which we with De Candolle have no doubt), has the tube
split down longitudinally almost to the base on one side, and therefore be-
longs to the section of Scurrula with four stamens. L. Heynei, DC. (not
Schult.), must also be removed to the same section.

$3. Corolla tubular, 4-5-cleft at the apex, often gibbous at the base, split down
longitudinally on one side (as in Lobelia). Filaments adnate to the petals
Sor a long way, free at the apex. Anthers adnate to or erect at the apex of
the filament.
+ Stamens and lobes of the corolla 4.

1183. (8) L. buddleioides (Desr.:) branches terete, glabrous, young shoots
sometimes tomentose: leaves opposite, petioled, from elliptical to cordate-
ovate, rather obtuse, thinnish, firm, at first puberulous or furfuraceous, parti-
cularly on the under side, soon glabrous on the upper, at length often gla-
brous on the under: peduncles axillary, crowded, very short, simple, few-
flowered: bractea small, lateral at the base of the ovary, and with the pe-

cles, ovary, calyx and corolla, covered with a mealy tomentum: flowers
nearly sessile: ovary turbinate: margin of the limb of the calyx entire,
thickish, incurved: flower-bud clavate at the apex: fruit turbinate.— Des-
rousseaux in Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 600; DC. prod. 4. p. 302; Spr. syst. 2.
P. 131.—z ; leaves cordate-ovate ; tomentum whitish.— Wight ! cat. n. 1235.—
L. Scurrula, Roab. (not Linn. °) fi. Ind. 1. p. 550, and 2. p. 186 ; (ed. Wall.)
2. p. 206 ; DC. l. c. p. 301.—8 ; leaves oval, nearly glabrous on the upper side,
puberulous on the under when old, slightly rugose.— Wight! cat. n. 1236.—

- pyrifolius, Wight! in Wall.! L. n. 6869 (not H. B. K.).—y ; leaves nearly
orbicular, furfuraceous on both sides ; tomentum whitish.— Wight! cat. n. 1237.
L. tomentosus, herb. Madr.!—3; leaves elliptic-oblong, furfuraceous on the
under side ; tomentum on the young parts rust-coloured.— Wight! cat. n. 1238.
—L. Scurrula, Wall. ! L. n. 6867 Ua) D. Heyneanus, Wall. ! L. n. 528
(not Sehult.)—L. Heynei, DC. I. e. p. 300.—:; leaves elliptic, when young
Covered on the under side with a very thin white mealiness, soon quite gla-
brous on both sides ; flowers with a pale tawny-coloured short pubescence.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1239.—L. Scurrula, Wall. ! L. n. 6867 (partly). |

A variable plant as to the foliage, but otherwise constant: the ovary re-
sembles that of some species of Syzygium. We ought perhaps to add to our
Var. æ, L. cordifolius of Wallich, but the branches and corolla are described
to be villous. Our var. y is from Ceylon, the others from various places in
the southern districts of the Peninsula. sation

' + + Stamens and lobes of the corolla 5,

1184. (9) L. memecylifolius (W. & A.:) glabrous: branches very woody,
terete ; — narrow-oblong, a attenuated at the base into a short pe-

384 LORANTHACE X. LORANTHUS.

tiole, coriaceous, alternate or somewhat opposite: peduncles 1-3 together,
axillary or in the axils of the fallen leaves, short, about the length of the pe-
tiole, bearing at the apex an umbel of 2-5 shortly pedicelled flowers ; bractea
lateral, obliquely cupulate, close to the ovary: ovary cylindric-oblong: limb.
of the calyx cup-shaped, irregularly and bluntly 5-toothed: flower-bud equal,
5-angled, slightly tumid a little above the middle: corolla 5-cleft, one of the
fissures considerably deeper than the others; lobes about equal to the tube,
cuneate-linear, acuminated : anthers linear.— Wight ! cat. n. 1240.

1185. (10) L. sarcophyllus (Wall.:) glabrous :. branches terete: leaves
somewhat alternate, elliptic or obovate, obtuse, attenuated at the base into a
short thick petiole, thick and fleshy: racemes 1-3 together, axillary or from
the knots of the branches, spreading, 6-12-flowered: flowers pedicelled,
drooping ; bractea minute, lateral, close to the short cylindrical ovary: limb
of the calyx bluntly and irregularly 5-toothed : corolla fleshy, curved, 5-cleft,
one of the fissures the longest; lobes very narrow, cuneate-linear, acumi-
nated: anthers linear.— Wall.! L. n. 6863; Wight ! cat. n.1241.——Cumbum,
on a species of Ficus.

1186. (11) L. longiflorus (Desr.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves usually
opposite, or sometimes alternate, petioled, from linear to oblong-lanceolate,
or ovate obtuse, upper ones sometimes retuse or slightly cordate at the base,
coriaceous: racemes axillary, solitary or in pairs, erect or spreading, simple,
many-flowered, much shorter than the leaves: flowers (yellow) shortly pedi-
celled, often drooping ; bractea solitary, concave, oblique, close to the ovary :
calyx-limb entire: corolla long, infundibuliform, gibbous on one side, curved ;
limb before expansion swollen at the base, constricted above it, oblong up-
wards, splitting into 5, linear, recurved, secund segments, one of the fissures
twice as deep as the others: filaments sprinkled with short bristles ; anthers
linear: fruit oblong.—Lonicera zeylanica, Gertn.? fr. 1. p. 197. t. 27.—
æ; leaves ovate, or oval, or oblong-lanceolate, obtuse or slightly cordate at the

—Wight! cat. n. 1242.—L, ongiflorus, Desrousseaux in Lam. enc. meth.
3. p. 498 ; Wall.! in Roxb. ft: Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 217 ; L. n. 507 ; DC. prod.
4. p. 304; Spr. syst. 2. p. 132.—L. bicolor, Roxb. cor. 2. t. 139 ; ft. Ind. 1.
P. 548, and 2. p. 185 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 205 ; DC. l. c. p. 305 ; Spr. 1. c. p. 129.
—L. Koenigianus, Agardh in Schult. syst. 7. p. 108; DC. I. c. p. 807.— .
Mal. 10. t. 4.—8 ; leaves narrower, linear or linear-lanceolate, usually acute
at the base; ovary sometimes pubescent.— Wight ! cat. n. 1243.— L. bicolor
(narrow leaved), Roxb. 1. c.—L. Wightianus, Wall.! L. n. 6872.—y ; leaves
narrow-linear, thick-coriaceous, often falcate. Wight! cat. n. 1244.—L. fal-
qns Linn. suppl. p. 213; DC. prod. l. e. p. 305; Spr. l c. p. 129; Wall.!

. n. 519.

Between these varieties there are no certain limits, indeed agreeing as they
do in so many parti , and differing only in the foliage, we would not
have so separated them, had not preceding botanists, from a limited supply
of specimens, attempted to give characters to many of our synonyms to serve
for their discrimination as species. We believe the corolla in the living plant
is always of a greenish yellow colour, but it frequently becomes red by dry-
ing.—In justice to Linnsus, we ought to have adopted the specific name
Jaleatus, but it is only applicable to an extreme state of the plant: that of
Lamarck is less objectionable.

1187. (12) L. amplexifolius (DC.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves Op- ——

posite, sessile, orbicular or ovate, obtuse, cordate at the base, coriaceous 1 we
racemes axillary, solitary, many-flowered, erect or spreading, simple,

than the leaves : flowers (purple) shortly pedicelled, often drooping ; bractea
solitary, lateral, concave, orbicular, close to the ovary: calyx- b ve d
si entire: corolla long, infundibuliform, gibbous on one side, curved 5°
limb before expansion swollen at the base, constricted above it, oblong up-
3

* . k
LonaNTHUSs. LORANTHACE X. 385

wards, splitting into 5 linear-spathulate recurved unilateral segments, one
of the fissures twice as long as the others: filaments sprinkled with minute
bristles: anthers linear: berry oblong.— DC. prod. 4. p. 305 ; Wight ! cat. n.
1245.—L. amplexicaulis, Wall. ! L. n. 520.——Neelgherries. Dindygul.

We have detailed the character so as to shew its affinity with L. longi-
florus ; the foliage and colour of the flowers are the only points of difference,
but at the same time we consider the two quite distinct.

1188. (13) L. tomentosus (Heyne :) all over greyish with starry tomentum :
branches terete: leaves alternate, roundish-obovate, obtuse, somewhat cu- 2
neate at the base, petioled, at length nearly glabrous on the upper side: pe-
duneles axillary, solitary, bearing an umbel of 3-5 pedicelled villous flowers ;
bractea foliaceous, much larger than the ovary, unilateral, close to the ovary,
cuneate-obovate, obtuse: calyx-limb 5-toothed : corolla tubular, gibbous on
one side above the middle, curved, splitting into 5 linear recurved unilateral
segments, one of the fissures much deeper than the others: filaments muri-
cated : anthers linear.— Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 191 ; Schult. syst. 7. p. 105 ;
Wight! cat. n. 1246.—L. bracteatus, Heyne in Roxb. ft. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2.
p. 220 (not Rich.) ; Wall.! L. n. 510 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 306 ; Spr. syst. suppl.
P. 141.—L. Heyneanus, Schult. l. c. p. 106. Gingie and Dindygul hills.

1189. (14) L. Candolleanus (W. & A.:) when young all over greyish with
very short starry pübescence: branches terete: leaves alternate or fascicled
m pairs, narrow-oblong, obtuse, cuneate at the base, petioled, at length
nearly glabrous on both sides: umbels peduncled ; flowers 2-5, shortly pedi-
celled, clothed with a short tomentum : bractea about the length of the ovary
and close to it; unilateral, cuneate-linear, obtuse: calyx-limb 5-toothed :
corolla tubular, gibbous on one side above the middle, curved, 5-cleft ; seg-.
ments unilateral, linear, one of the fissures the longest: anthers linear.—
Wight! cat. n. 1247.—L. montanus, Wight ! (partly) in Wall. L. n. 6866.——

unnawady.

P erhaps too closely allied to L. tomentosus, but the leaves are much nar-
rower, the bracteas much narrower and shorter, and the whole plant, but par-
ticularly the flower, more glabrous.

1190. (15) L. goodeniiflorus (DC. :) branches terete, glabrous: leaves al-
ternate, obovate-cuneate, obtuse or emarginate, attenuated into a petiole,
sparingly veined, old ones glabrous, when very young hoary with a starry
pubescence : peduncles axillary, very short, 2-3-flowered: bractea solitarv,
close under the ovary, ovate, acute: ovary pubescent, crowned with 5 some-
what ciliated teeth : corolla cylindrical, split down on one side, with 5 linear
reflexed lobes: style filiform—DC. prod. 4. p. 306 ; Wight! cat. n. 1248.—
3 o ie Wight ! in Wall.! L. n. 6868 (not Kunth).——Cumbum. Ma-

ura hills. ae

, Dr Wight’s plant is not in flower, so that we have some doubts if it be
identical with De Candolle’s: our character is adopted from that author.
Perhaps as a species it is not distinct from the next; in our specimens the
leaves are much larger.

1191. (16) L. cuneatus (Heyne:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves alter-
nate, obovate-cuneate, obtuse or retuse, tapering into the petiole, sparingly
veined: flowers 1-3, pedicelled, axillary or from a very short axillary pe-
duncle ; bractea solitary, close under the ovary, ovate, acute: ovary glabrous,
|. or when very young minutely pubescent, crowned with the 5 slightly ciliated
divisions of the limb of the calyx: corolla sometimes at first canescent, soon
quite glabrous, slightly gibbous above the middle on one side, curved, 5-
cleft, one of the fissures twice as deep as the others; segments linear, re-
.. Pexed, unilateral : style filiform : fruit ovoid, brous.—Heyne in Roth, "
"P. p. 193 (not Wall. nor DC.) ; Schult. syst. 7. p. 105; Wight! cat. n. 1249.

.. —L.lobeliiflorus, DC. prod. 4. p. 306.—L. montanus, Wight ! (partly) ia
R b

ey ?

386 LORANTHACE.

Wall.! L. n. 6866.
hills near Dindygul.

1192. (17) L. elasticus (Desr.:) glabrous, dichotomous: branches terete :
leaves sessile, oblong or ovate-lanceolate, usually attenuated with a blunt
point at the apex and acute at the base, thick and coriaceous, obscurely 5-
nerved ; two of the lateral nerves from the base, the other two from the mid-
rib below the middle: flowers sessile or nearly so, fascicled around the knots
of the branches: ovary with a solitary adpressed bractea at its base: limb of
_ the calyx entire, cup-shaped: corolla infundibuliform, 5-cleft, one of the

fissures deeper than the others; segments long, narrow-linear, elastically re-
volute: limb before expansion tumid at the base, then tapering and forming
a long sharp beak as long as the tube: anthers oblong-linear: fruit ovoid.—
Desrousseaux in Lam. enc. meth. 8. p. 599 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 306 ; Spr. syst. 2.
p. 181; Wall.! in Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 217; L.n.508; Wight!
cat. n. 1250.— Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 3.

Neelgherries ; Leschenault. Cunnawady and other

Species not sufficiently known.

+1193. (18) L. trigonus (W. & A.:) glabrous: branches acutely triangular:
leaves somewhat verticillate in threes, petioled, oval, obtuse, obtuse or slight-
ly cuneate at the base, coriaceous; petiole thick: peduncles lateral, very
short, bearing a short almost umbel-shaped raceme of a few approximated
pedicelled spreading flowers: bractea solitary under the fruit and close to
it unilateral, ovate: limb of the calyx cupulate, irregularly and bluntly (5?-)
toothed: berry obovoid.— Wight! cat. n. 1251.

+1194. (19) L. biflorus (Desr.:) glabrous: branches terete: leaves pe
tioled, ovate-roundish, thiekish: petioles channelled: peduncles solitary or
in pairs, axillary, a little shorter than the petioles, bearing 2 flowers on pedi-
cels about the length of the peduncle: bractea solitary under the ovary, and
pius its base, lateral, ovate, short: limb of the calyx truncated: flower- -

d slender, much curved, slightly clavate at the apex, covered with a thin
rusty pubescence.— Desrousseaua, in Lam. ene. meth. 3. p. 600 ; DC. prod. :
p. 302 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 128.

The number of stamens and structure of the corolla do not appear to T
known; Schultes places it among some hexandrous American species :
Candolle next to L. buddleioides, with which Desrousseaux himself points s
an affinity ; no good character is given to separate it from that species, 27
we would have therefore combined them, but among the numerous specimens
before us, not one happens to agree precisely with the description.

t 1195. (20) L. turbinatus (DC. :) glabrous : branches terete: leaves some-
what alternate, shortly petioled, oval or oblong, obtuse or slightly acute;
thick: peduncles axillary, much shorter than the leaf, 2-3-cleft : bractea
ovate, solitary under the turbinate ovary: limb of the calyx unequally
obtusely 5-cleft.—DC. prod. 4. p. 305. Neelgherries ; Leschenault.—

If the calyx had. been 4-cleft instead of 5-cleft, we would have referred
this without hesitation to L. buddleioides, var. :.

T 1196. (21) L. rugulosus (Roth. :) glabrous : branches terete, ultimate
ones compressed: leaves opposite or alternate, very shortly petioled, oblong-
elliptical, obtuse, glaucous, rugulose-reticulated, with a smooth cartilaginous —
margin: racemes axillary, oppone simple, shorter than the leaf; pe
recurved: bractea solitary, lateral, orbicular, concave, pheaca the base
the calyx and close pressed to it: calyx-limb truncated, slightly oblique, aoe
with a minute tooth on one side: flower-bud terete: corolla tubular, g% —
brous, gibbous about the middle, curved, 4-cleft; segments lance e

a linear.— Roth, nov. sp. p. 194; Schult. syst. T. p. 1013 DC.
= p. 1 .

SAMBUCUS. CAPRIFOLIACEÆ. 387

A Sent to Roth by Heyne: we are not informed if the corolla be equally split
own.

t 1197. (22) L. Kanneli (Schult. :) glabrous: branches terete: leaves op-
posite, elliptic-oblong, shortly petioled, thick: racemes short, lateral, 4-7-
flowered: corolla small, tubular, 4-cleft (or 4-petalled) : fruit ovoid.—Schult.
syst. T. p. 153.— Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 5.

From an inspection of Rheede’s magnified figures, and a comparison of the
flower with that of our L. Hookerianus, which agrees in size and colour, we
are inclined to consider this as a tetrapetalous species. It has no relation to
L. globosus, a hexandrous plant, to which Roxburgh and De Candolle refer
it. Rheede states that there is a tree called Kanneli, growing upon which
is found the present species, and therefore called Kanneli-Itti-Kanni ; and
we suspect that he has introduced into his figure a part of the tree, as well
as the parasite ; it is thus extremely difficult to separate the two, the more as

€ has represented the leaves as quite the same ; the branch bearing ripe fruit
resembles a Memecylon.

+1198. (23) L. Mitchellii (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 6865.

ORDER LXXX.—CAPRIFOLIACE/E. Juss.

Calyx with its limb 5- (very rarely 4-) lobed. Corolla of one piece,
lobed, sometimes irregular; the divisions alternate with those of the
calyx : :stivation never valvular (D. C.) Stamens equal in number
to the lobes of the corolla (or sometimes one of them abortive), alter-
nating with them, and inserted towards its base: filaments subulate:
anthers ovate, bilocular. Ovarium cohering with the tube of the calyx,
3-celled (rarely 4- or 5-celled) : ovules few in each cell, pendulous :
style one and exserted, or none: stigmas as many as the cells, either
distinct or combined into one capitate stigma. Fruit crowned by the
limb of the calyx, fleshy or rarely almost dry, plurilocular or 1-celled
(either by the disappearance of the dissepiments or by the abortion of
the other cells). Seeds solitary, in pairs, or several (some often abor-
tive) in each cell, pendulous. Embryo straight, in the centre of a
fleshy albumen: radicle superior, next the hilum.—Shrubs. Leaves
9pposite, without stipules (or rarely with 2 small stipules or glands at
the base of each petiole). Flowers terminal, corymbose, or axillary.

TRIBE I.—sAMBUCER. Kunth.

Corolla regular, rotate, seldom tubular. Style none, or very short. Stigmas 3,
nearly sessile. Mibi on the inner side of the ovule. Endocarp bony. Testa of

the seed membranous.
I. SAMBUCUS. Tourn.; Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 27; Lam. ill. t. 211.

Limb of the calyx small, 5-cleft. Corolla rotate or urceolate, 5-cleft ; the
lobes obtuse. Stamens 5. Style wanting. Stigmas 3, sessile. Berry round-
ish, scarcely crowned with the limb of the calyx, pulpy, 1-celled, 3-5-seed-

„€d. Podosperms in the axis of the berry. Seeds oblong, angled on one side.
—Shrubs or herbaceous plants with a heavy swell. Leaves opposite, une-

. qually pinnated ; the divisions toothed or serrated, sometimes again pinnated
: pb2

388 CAPRIFOLIACE At, ViruRNUM-

or laciniated, with two stipules or glands at the base of the petiole. Corymbs
or cymes terminal, sometimes flat-topped, sometimes thyrsoid. Flowers
white, or occasionally reddish.

1199. (1) S. Wightianus (Wall.:) stem herbaceous, smooth: stipules small,
foliaceous: leaves pinnated ; leaflets 5-7, linear-lanceolate, sharply serrated,
glabrous: corymbs 3-5-partite: flowers minute, moneecious ?— Wall.! L. n.
6303 ; Wight! cat. n. 1252.

We only possess one and a very indifferent specimen.

II. VIBURNUM. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 27; Lam. ill. t. 211.

Limb of the calyx small, 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla rotate, somewhat
campanulate, or tubular, 5-lobed. Stamens 5, equal. Style none or short.
Stigmas 3. Berry by abortion 1-seeded, ovate or globose, crowned with the
teeth of the calyx. Seed compressed.—Shrubs. Leaves opposite, petioled,
entire or lobed. Corymbs terminal. Flowers white, or slightly reddish.

$ 1. Flowers all equal and fertile: corolla rotate or scarcely somewhat campa-
nulate : seed oval.—Lentago, DC.

1200. (1) V. acuminatum (Wall.:) young branches, petioles, and peduncles
dotted with small rusty-coloured scales : leaves elliptical, acuminated at both
ends, coriaceous, quite entire with the margin slightly recurved, glabrous:
upper side shining, under covered with minute shining rusty-coloured dots:
corymb terminal, large, trichotomous, often larger than the leaves : stigmas
=e Pid oval-oblong.— Wall.! L. n. 465; DC. prod. 4. p. 325; Wight:
cat. n. E

. 1201. (2) V. capitellatum (W. & A. :) free from scales, quite glabrous ex-
cept in the axils of the nerves: leaves oval-lanceolate, with a few distant
wavy teeth, attenuated at the apex into a rather fine point, under side with
the axils of the nerves woolly: cymes compound, somewhat umbel-shaped,
3-6-partite ; flowers umbellate, several together, nearly sessile at the extre-
mity of the ultimate divisions: flower-buds viscous and shining: stigmas
sessile: berries oval-oblong.— Wight ! cat. n. 1254.

$ 2. Flowers all equal and fertile: corolla obconical or cylindrical-tubular :
seed oval-oblong.—Solenotinus, DC.

1202. (3) V. hebanthum (W. & A.:) branches, petioles, and general pe-
duncles glabrous : leaves elliptical or obovate, shortly acuminated, obtuse or
acute at the base, slightly sinuate-toothed on the lower half, coarsely 8° to-
wards the apex, woolly in the axils of the nerves on the under side, other-
wise glabrous: partial peduncles of the corymb pubescent: corolla tubular-
campanulate, softly pubescent, limb very small, nearly erect, 4-5 times short-
er than the tube: style very short and thick.— Wight! cat. n. 1255.

1203. (4) V. Wightianum (Wall. :) branches, petioles, peduncles, pedicels,
and flowers glabrous: leaves oval, shortly aeuminated, obtuse at the base,
quite entire on the lower half, sharply serrated towards the apex ; Upper ^.
glabrous ; under slightly puberulous when young, nearly glabrous when om ——
the nerves densely pubescent and their axils woolly: corymb shortly Pr. a
duncled, somewhat panicle-shaped: bracteas linear, pubescent and ciliated -

corolla hypocrateriform ; limb spreading, conspicuous, about 4 times § orter

than the tube: ovary linear: style very short and thick.—Wall./ L. n. 91> i
Wight! cat. n. 1256.—N eelgherries. vier
: | 3

Lonicera. CAPRIFOLIACEJE. 389

Flowers unknown.

1204. (b) V. pubigerum (W. & A.:) young branches petioles and pedun-
cles sprinkled with simple or solitary hairs : leaves oval, shortly acuminated,
obtuse at the base, quite entire on the lower half, irregularly serrated towards
the point ; upper side glabrous ; under sprinkled on the nerves with stellate-
pubescence and fascicled hairs, slightly hairy on the veins, woolly in the
axils of the nerves: corymb peduncled ; partial peduncles and pedicels close-
7 E style very short and thick: fruit oval-oblong.— Wight ! cat. n.

TRIBE I.— LONICEREJE, R. Brown.

, Corolla more or less tubular, often irregular. Style filiform. Raphe on the outer
side of the ovule.

III. LONICERA. Desf.; Lam. ill. t. 150.

Calyx 5-toothed. Corolla tubular, campanulate, or infundibuliform : the
limb 5-cleft, often irregular. Stamens 5. Style filiform. Stigma capitate.
Berry 3- (or by abortion sometimes 2-) celled, the cells few-seeded. Seeds:
crustaceous.—Erect or climbing shrubs. Leaves opposite, sometimes con-
nate, entire or occasionally slightly runcinate. Inflorescence axillary, various.

$1. Leaves never connate. Pedicels axillary, 2-flowered at the upex. Berries
in pairs, distinct, or more or less united, younger ones 3-, older ones some-
times 2-celled, not crowned with the deciduous limb of the calyx.—Xylos-
teon, DC.

1205. (1) L. Leschenaultii (Wall. :) twining, tomentose or villous all over
except the upper side of the leaves: leaves ovate, acute, slightly cordate at
the base, quite entire; under side veined, more prominently so when old $
upper always glabrous : peduncles very short, 2-flowered, axillary and soli-
tary or terminal and fascicled : bracteas 3 under each flower, the two lateral
ones short and roundish, the middle one longer and subulate : calycine teeth
Subulate: tube of the corolla equal at the base, long, villous or pubescent :

tries distinct.—« ; under side of the leaves villous, with the veins not very
prominent ; corolla villous.—Wight ! cat. n. 1258.—L. Leschenaultii, Wall. in
Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed Wall.) 2. p. 178 ; L. n. 471; DC. prod. 4. p. 334; Spr. syst.
suppl. p. 83.—8 ; under side of the leaves prominently reticulated, shortly to-:
Mentose, glaucous ; corolla pubescent.— Wight! cat. n. 1259. — L. mollis,
ind ! L.n. 6301.— a2, Neelgherries ; Leschenault. Cunnawady.—8, Neel-
gherries,

e can perceive no other difference between these than what we have
àbove pointed out, nor are they probably constant.

- 1206. (2) L. digustrina (Wall.:) stem somewhat erect and bushy; branches
slender, slightly twining, younger ones hairy or pubescent: leaves shortly pe-
_ holed, ovate-lanceolate, acute, obtuse at the base, quite entire, ap
. Sprinkled on the margin and when young on the midrib beneath with spread-
Ing hairs ; peduncles a little longer than the petioles, slightly drooping at the
apex, 2-flowered, axillary and solitary: bracteas, a subulate one at the back
. each ovary, and one cup-shaped closely surrounding and containing both
Ovaries : calyx-limb constricted in the middle, the margin 5-toothed ; teeth
oblong, short: corolla puberulous, infundibuliform ; tube rather short, gibbous
. 9n one side at the base; berries distinct, both covered by the common brac-
.. fea —Wall.! in Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed Wall.) 2. p. 179; L. n. 479; DC. prod. 4.
P834; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 82; Wight! cat. n. 1260.—— Neelgherries.

390 j RUBIACEÆ. ; NAUCLEA.

ORDER LXXXI.—RUBIACE. Juss.

Tube of the calyx cohering with the ovarium; the limb various, trun-
cated or lobed, consisting of as many sepals as petals, rarely with acces-
sory intermediate teeth. Petals 4-5, rarely 3-8, united, inserted upon
the summit of the tube of the calyx : æstivation twisted or valvate. Sta-
mens as many as the lobes of the corolla, alternate with them (rarely
some of them suppressed) : filaments more or less combined with the
tube: anthers oval, 2-celled, turned inwards: pollen elliptical. Ova-
rinm adherent, usually 2-celled, or with several cells, rarely (by abor-
tion) l-celled, crowned by a fleshy often urceolate disc: style single,
sometimes partly divided: stigmas usually 2, rarely several distinct, or
more or less concrete. Fruit a cremocarpium, or capsular, or baccate,
or drupaceous, 2- or many-celled, Seeds one or many in each cell, in
the former case attached to the apex, or more usually to the base of
the cell ; in the latter to a central placenta. Albumen horny or fleshy,
copious. Embryo straight or slightly curved, inclosed in the albumen:
radicle turned to the hilum: cotyledons foliaceous.— Leaves simple,
entire, opposite (very rarely verticillate) : stipules 2 at the base of
each leaf, entirely distinct, or cohering either with the leaf or with each
other, or both ways ; their apex sometimes produced into bristles, some-
times into foliaceous expansions resembling verticillate leaves.

Under this order will be found several species described by botanists, with Md
we are quite unacquainted except from the characters given: there are others wie
we have introduced apparently for the first time. e have, however, very strong
suspicions that many of the former occur among Dr Wight’s plants either as peer’
or varieties; but although we have paid some attention to the subject, we have x
been able to discover to which they respectively belong. Of the latter we are qui :
satisfied that most may be found atkenay noticed by Willdenow, Lamarck, Roth, gi
Roxburgh ; but from the vagueness with which, in general, the descriptions 0 s
more important organs have been drawn up, and from the great changes that hav
taken place of late years among the genera, it is now almost impossible to clear up
the older synonyms without an actual examination of the original specimens. ig
osteum hirsutum, Roxb. and DC., according to an imperfect specimen in Dr Wig i
herbarium, certainly belongs to the Rubiacee, not to Caprifoliacee, and appears i
be a species of Mephitidia of Blume (M. Rorburghii, W. & A.): it has not, € "
know of, been found on the Peninsula. Notntels 2 hispida, Wall. in Roxb. fl, Ind.
(ed. Wall.) 2. p. 187, is also a species of Mephitidia (M. Wallichii, W. & A.)

TRIBE L—CINCHONACEX. DC.

Fruit capsular, 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. Seeds winged or eau- —
date. Albumen fleshy.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite, with st-
pules between the petioles.

SUBTRIBE L—NAUCLEX. DC.
Flowers capitate, sessile upon a globose receptacle.

‘I. NAUCLEA. Linn.; Gertn. fr, 1. t. 30; Lam. il. t. 153.

Calyx-tube oblong: limb either short and truncated or 5-partite with fee
near lobes. Corolla infundibuliform : tube slender with the throat nak i

NAUCLEA. RUBIACE E. 391

lobes 5, patent, oval-oblong. Anthers either included or protruded, shorter
than the lobes of the corolla. Style filiform, protruded. Stigma oblong or
ovate, tumid, undivided. Capsules 2-celled, sessile upon a receptacle, not
tapering gradually at the base. Seeds several, imbricated, winged or with a
gland at the hilum, attached to an oblong placenta that is adnate to the dis-
sepiment. Embryo inverted in a fleshy albumen.—U narmed trees or more
rarely shrubs. Leaves opposite, or 3-4 verticillate, petioled or sessile. Sti-
pules interpetiolar, deciduous. Partial peduncles terminal at the end of the
branches, or at the extremity of 2-leaved terminal or axillary general pedun-
cles, bearing each one globose head of sessile flowers. Bracteas or floral
leaves at the end of the general peduncle, none at the base of the head. Pa-
lez or bracteoles among the flowers, linear.

In this genus much confusion has been created by botanists not distinguishing be-
tween the partial peduncle and the general one which bears it : the line of demarca-
tion is however well marked, by either a P aua of smallleaves or bracteas, or when
they fall off by the presence of a joint. From this reason the old figures cannot be
referred to satisfactorily, nor even the specific characters hitherto given in systema-
tic works. The length of the general peduncle is often of little consequence, while
that of the partial one may assist in distinguishing species.

$ 1. Lobes of the calyx short or wanting : capsules free from each other.

1207. (1) N. parvifolia (Roxb.) arborescent, glabrous except in the axils
of the nerves on the under side of the leaves: branches brachiate : stipules
oval: leaves petioled, ovate or oval or obovate-obtuse or with a short blunt-
ish point: general peduncles opposite, terminal, resembling and often pass-
ing into floriferous shoots, bearing a pair of small deciduous leaves ; par-
tial ones scarcely so long as the globose head of flowers, the terminal one on
the branch usually without a general one: limb of the calyx very short and
almost truncated : lobes of the corolla spreading : anthers shortly protruded :
style long ; stigma narrow-oblong, calyptriform : capsules containing 2 cocci
splitting at the inner angle.—Roab. Cor. 1. t. 52; fl. Ind.1. p. 513; (ed Wall.)
2. p. 122; DC. prod. 4. p. 344; Spr. syst. 1. p. 750; Wall.! L.n. 6093;
Wight! cat. n. 1961.— N. parviflora, Pers. syn. 1. p. 202.—N. orientalis,
Linn.? ; Gert. fr. 1. t. 30.—Cephalanthus pilulifer, Lam. enc. meth. 1. p.
678 ; DC. 1. e. p. 589 ; Spr. l c. p. 377.

Notwithstanding that Linnseus refers to Rheede’s figure, we suspect the
present to be his Cephalanthus or Nauclea orientalis: Lamarck’s plant of the
same name is from the Moluccas, but it also may, judging by the figure gi
ven in the illustrations, prove not to be distinct. Cephal. pilulifer is th
re with the flowers fallen off, leaving the head of ovaries about the size
ora pea. :

$ 2. Calya-lobes elongated, club-shaped : capsules distinct.

1208. (2) N. cordifolia (Roxb.) arboreous : stipules oval: leaves petioled,
cordate, roundish, pubescent on the upper side, tomentose o: the under:
general peduncles 1-3 together, axillary, bearing at the apex a pair of small
Scariose roundish deciduous bracteas ; partial one shorter than the general,
rather longer than the globose head of flowers : calyx-segments clavate: co-
rolla pubescent ; lobes spreading: anthers slightly protruded : style long ;
Stigma shortly clavate or almost capitate-—Roab. Cor. 1. t. 53; ft. Ind. 1.
P. 514; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 122; DC. prod. 4. p. 346: Spr. syst. 1. p. 750:
Wall.! L. n. 6092 ; Wight! cat. n. 1262. :

1209. (8) N. purpurea (Roxb:) arborescent, glabrous: stipules oval, ob-
tuse, eaducous: leaves petioled, oval-oblong, acute or acuminated at both
extremities : peduncles terminal, solitary or in threes, with often two deci-

392 RUBIACE. HyMENopDYCTION.

duous small leaves at the apex: partial ones about as long as the diameter of
the head of flowers, usually shorter than the general one: tube of the calyx
glabrous ; limb hirsute, segments clavate: corolla glabrous ; lobes spreading :
anthers scarcely exserted: style long: stigma somewhat capitate: capsule-
valves 4, splitting from the base upwards.—Rozb. Cor. 1. t. 54 ; fl. Ind. 1.
p. 515 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 123; DC. prod. 4. p. 346 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 750 ; Wall!
L.n. 6090; Wight ! cat. n. 1263.—N. Cadamba, Wall. ! L.n. 6088. g.— Rheed.
Mal. 3. t. 33

Cephalanthus chinensis, Lam., usually referred here, can scarcely be this
species, We have been induced to quote Rheede's figure in this place, in-
stead of considering it to be JV. Cadamba, Roxb. (N. orientalis, Roxb. in
E. I. C. mus. tab. 907), from this reason, that in W. Cadamba the leaves are
obtuse at the base, the flowers sweet-scented, and the lobes of the corolla
erect; whereas, in Rheede’s plant, the leaves taper at the base, the flowers
are inodorous, and the lobes of the corolla are spreading, as in IV. purpurea : .
the only objection against our supposition may arise from the colour of the
flowers being said by Rheede to be yellow ; but to counterbalance this, N.
Cadamba is from Bengal, and not a native of the Peninsula.

e 1210, (4) N, Missionis (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 6099,—N, orientalis, herb.
r.

SUBTRIBE II.—CINCHONEH. DC.

Flowers more or less pedicelled, not seated on a globose receptacle.

Il. HYMENODYCTION. Wall.—Cinchona. Rowb. (not Linn.) .

Calyx-tube ovate: limb 5-toothed. Corolla infundibuliform, the limb 5-
lobed. Stamens very short : filaments glabrous, inserted under the throat of
the corolla ; anthers slightly protruded beyond the tube. Style filiform, long,
much protruded. Stigma clavately capitate. Capsule crowned with the re-
mains of the calyx, 2-celled, 2-valved, loculicidal. Placent attached to the
dissepiment, at length free. Seeds flat, imbricated, surrounded by a reticü- —
lated wing that is bifid at the base. Embryo erect in fleshy albumen: coty-.
ledons cordate: radicle oval.— Trees with a thick bark. Leaves petioled,
coriaceous. Stipules deciduous, glandularly serrated. Flowers small, in-
conspicuous, greenish, pubescent, crowded and fascicled in a terminal pa- -
nicle that is composed of opposite slender simple or sparingly branched
peduncled racemes, the lower one or two pairs of which are subtended by à
pair of opposite long-petioled convex veined dry floral leaves. &

2211. (1) H. excelsum (Wall. :) leaves from oblong to roundish-ovate, p^ —
bescent: stipules eordate: floralleaves oblong, coloured, bullate: paige —
terminal and axillary: anthers nearly sessile-in the mouth of the tube of the — —
corolla.— Wall. in Roxb. ft. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 149; DC. prod. 4. p, 3585 —
Wight! cat. ù. 1264.—Cinchona excelsa, Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 106; ff. Ind. b ——
p. 529; Vahl in Skrift. naturh. selsk. Kiovenh. 6. p. 72; Spr. syst. j.p =
Cirears ; Roxburgh. Columala. . d

1212. (2) H. obovatum (Wall.:) leaves obovate, acuminated, glabrous:
stipules ovate, acute: floral leaves lanceolate, acuminated, coloured, bullate p
panicles somewhat raceme-shaped, slender, with few or no ramifications.
Wall. in Roxb. fi. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2, p. 153; L. n. 6116 ; DC. prod. 4. P ol
—Cinchona obovata, Spr. syst. suppl. p. 73.——W ynaad. Ee
This we have not seen: can it be a mere variety of the preceding ? :

Muss#npa. RUBIACE E. 895

TRIBE II.—GARDENIACEJ. Rich.

Ovary 2-celled, or 1-celled from the imperfection of several dissepi-
ments; cells many-ovuled. Fruit fleshy, indehiscent, with as many
cells as in the ovary, or rarely l-celled from abortion. Seeds usually
several very rarely solitary in each cell from abortion, not winged. `
Albumen fleshy or eartilaginous.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite,
with stipules between or sometimes within the petioles.

SUBTRIBE L—GARDENIEX. DC.

Flowers not collected on a common receptacle : fruits distinet and not concrete.

III. MUSSHNDA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 28; Lam. ill. t. 157.

Calyx-tube oblong-turbinate : limb 5-partite, the lobes at length deciduous,
erect, acute, one of them sometimes produced into a large petioled reticu-
lately veined coloured leaf. Corolla infundibuliform : limb 5-partite: throat
villous. Anthers 5, sessile within the tube, linear, included or slightly pro-
truded. Stigma bifid. Fruit ovoid, fleshy, not crowned with the limb of
the calyx, indehiscent, 2-celled ; cells many-seeded. Placentz arising from
the middle of the dissepiment, stalked, bifid and divaricating at the apex.
Seeds very numerous, small, lenticularly compressed, roughish. Embryo in
fleshy albumen: radicle thick, pointing towards the hilum.—Small trees or
shrubs. Leaves ovate, petioled. Stipules two on each side, distinct or united
at the base, acuminated. Flowers corymbose, terminal. Bracteas small, si-
tuated under the pedicels and branches of the corymb.

We omit here M. arcuata, Lam. (Wight! cat. n. 1265), that being without doubt
a native of the Mauritius. In all the following the lobes of the corolla have a short
sharp point.

1213. (1) M. glabra (Vahl:) leaves oval, tapering at both ends, and with
the branches and corymbs nearly glabrous: segments of the calyx lanceolate-
subulate, about as long as the tube, one of them in some of the flowers of
each corymb produced into a large ovate acute glabrous petioled leaf: corolla
pubescent on the outside: fruit glabrous, obovoid.—Vahl, symb. 3. p. 38;
DC. prod. 4. p. 370 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 706; Wall.! L. n. 6251 ; Wight! cat. n.
1266.— Rumph. Amb. 4. t. 51? : onus

This is probably a mere variety of M. frondosa; we can point out no dif-
ference but the shorter segments of the calyx ; the villous, pubescent, or
glabrous leaves afford no character whatever. :
` 1214. (2) M. corymbosa (Roxb.:) leaves oblong and the branches and
corymbs glabrous: stipules cordate at the base, cuspidate at the apex ell
ments of the calyx subulate, glabrous, one of them in some of on ped

owers of each corymb produced into an ovate-lanceolate leaf: style a at
half the length of the tube of the corolla: fruit oval—Roxb. ff. Ind. 1. p. 556 ;
(ed. Wall.) 2. p. 226; DC. prod. 4. p. 871; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 73; Wall. L.
^. 6252.— M. frondosa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1220.——Malabar; Row-
burgh.

This we have not seen. ey »

1215. (3) M. frondosa (Linn. :) erect, leaves oval acuminated, trom villous
or hirsute d ee ndang M eei and corymbs when young pubescent
or more or less tomentose: segments of the calyx subulate, 2—4 times the
length of the ovary, hirsute, one of them in some of the axillary flowers of

the corymb produced into a large acute pubescent or villous leaf: corolla ex-

*

394 RUBIACE E. GARDENIA.

ternally hirsute ; style the length of the tube: fruit at first hairy, afterwards
nearly or quite glabrous, obovoid.—Linn. sp. p. 251; Wall.! L. n. 6250.—
M. frondosa, Linn. mant. p. 338.—M. flavescens, Ham. in Linn. soc. trans.
14. p. 203.—2^ ; branches tomentose ; leaves harshly pubescent on the upper
side, shortly and rather softly tomentose on the under; calycine leaf broadly
ovate or oblong.—Wight! cat. n. 1267.—M. frondosa, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 37;

Willd. sp. 1. p. 997 ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 557; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 227.—M. Do-
vinia, Ham. l. c.—M. Belilla, Ham. l. c.—Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 18.—8 ; branches
hirsutely villous ; leaves hirsute on the upper side, hirsutely villous on the
under; calycine leaf oval, acuminated.— Wight! cat. n. 1268.—9M. frondosa,
Spr. syst. 1. p. 706 ; Ham. l. c.—Burm. Zeyl. t. 76.—y ; branches puberulous
or slightly hirsute ; leaves pubescent or almost quite glabrous; calycine leaf
broadly ovate.—JFight! cat. n. 1269.—M. frondosa, DC. prod. 4. p. 370.—
3; branches from puberulous to slightly hirsute ; leaves pubescent, or gla-
brous except on the nerves beneath; calycine leaf oblong-lanceolate.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1270.

Although variable as to pubescence, and shape of the calycine-leaf, we
know that the above are mere states of one species, and we suspect that more
than one-half of the whole genus enumerated in De Candolle's Prodromus
ought to be reduced to it.

1216. (4) M. tomentosa (Wight :) branches somewhat villous : leaves oval,
acuminated, hirsutely villous on both sides but particularly on the under:
corymbs not much branched, villous: calycine-segments subulate, somewhat
unequal, from as long to nearly twice as long as the ovary, none of them ex-
panding into a leaf: corolla hirsute on the outside: fruit obovoid.— Wight !
in Wall.! L.n.6265; cat. n. 1271.——Gingie hills, among large masses of
loose rocks.

_ This approaches very closely to M. Landia, Lam., a Mauritius plant. At
times we have almost been led to doubt if our species were not a form of
M. frondosa b, without the calycine leaf; the presence or absence of that
appendage forms the principal difference between them. The flowers are
white, becoming yellowish before they drop off, and have not the pec
orange colour of M. frondosa.

IV. GARDENIA. Ellis; Gertn. fr. t. 23, 177, 193, 194.

_Calyx-tube ovate, even or ribbed: limb tubular, truncated or toothed or
divided. Corolla infundibuliform or hypocrateriform: the tube much longer
than the calyx: limb spreading, 5-9-partite, twisted during sestivation.
Anthers 5-9, linear, nearly sessile in the throat of the corolla. Ovary with
2-7 incomplete dissepiments, and hence 1-celled. Stigma clavate, bifid, Oh
2-toothed ; the lobes thick and erect. Berry fleshy, crowned with the limb
of the calyx, internally chartaceous or with a nut, imperfectly 2-5-celled.
Seeds minute, immersed in parietal fleshy placentas.— Trees or shrubs, un-
armed or thorny. Leaves opposite or sometimes verticillate, oval. Flower
axillary or terminal, usually solitary, white or at length often becoming
lowish, generally sweet-scented.

t 1217. (1) G. enneandra (Koen.:) arboreous, unarmed: leaves opposite ;
or in threes, nearly sessile, from ovate to obovate, glabrous, with a hay
gland in the axils of the nerves on the under side: flowers terminal, Le cee

gether, nearly sessile : limb of the calyx short and irregularly divided: co the : |

ypocrateriform ; tube long, glabrous; limb 7-11 cleft, the divisions

m of the tube : berry even, nearly globose, crowned with the base Pn :

of the calyx ; nut thin, with 5 parietal receptacles.—G. latifolia, por
Cor. 2. p. 18. t. 134; fl. Ind. 1. p. 706; (ed Wall.) 2. p. 592; DC. prod *
p. 380 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 163.—— Circars ; Koenig ; Roxburgh. i

GARDENIA. RUBIACE. 395

This we have not seen, but if Roxburgh’s description be correct it cannot
well be united with the following.

1218. (2) G. latifolia (Ait.:) arboreous, unarmed: leaves opposite or in
threes, very shortly petioled, oval or obovate, glabrous, with a small hairy
gland in the axils of the nerves on the under side : flowers terminal, solitary,
very shortly pedicelled (pedicels scarcely a line long): limb of the calyx .
campanulate, irregularly divided, hirsute on the inside: corolla hypocrateri-
form ; tube long, hirsute on the outside ; limb about 9-cleft, the divisions
obliquely obovate, about half the length of the tube, hirsute towards the one
margin on the outside: stigma clavate, thick and fleshy, bipartite, segments
bifid: berry even, nearly globose, crowned with the whole limb of the calyx ;
nut thin, brittle and bony, with 4 parietal receptacles.— Ait. hort. Kew. s.
p. 294 ; Willd. sp. 1. p. 1226; Gertn. fr. 3. p. 78. t. 193. f. 3; Wight ! cat. n.
1272.— Vernac. name Kumbay marum. Southern provinces.

_ The whole limb of the calyx crowns the fruit, although ultimately by ac-
cident the segments are broken off, in which respect, and by the hirsute co-
rolla, it differs from Roxburgh's plant. This is undoubtedly the species fi-
gured by Geertner, and consequently of the Hortus Kewensis, Geertner’s spe-
cimens having been obtained from that establishment : we have before us spe-
cimens from the Madras herbarium, cultivated in the Missionaries’ Garden,
and named * G. /atifolia, Roxb. ;” these probably accord with the “ Carnatic”
locality given by Roxburgh.

1219. (3) G. lucida (Roxb.:) arborescent, unarmed, with resinous buds :
leaves very shortly petioled, oblong or oval or obovate, obtuse or with a
short blunt point, glabrous, hard, shining, with simple parallel nerves and
connecting prominent veins: flowers somewhat terminal, solitary, rather
shortly pedicelled (pedicels from à to an inch long): limb of the calyx with
5 long subulate divisions, sprinkled internally with erect short stout bristles :
corolla hypocrateriform ; tube long, glabrous, striated ; limb 5-partite, divi-
sions obovate-oblong, as long as or a little shorter than the tube, glabrous :
stigma entire: berry drupaceous, even, oblong, crowned with the whole limb
ofthe ealyx ; nut very hard, thick and bony, with 2 parietal receptacles.—
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 707 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 553 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1542 ;
DC. prod. 4. p. 381; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 85 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1273.—G. resini-
fera, Roth, nov. sp. p. 150; Spr. syst. 1. p. 768.—Pluk. t. 367. f. 11——
Cirears ; Roxburgh. Columala. :

The tube of the corolla is at least four times as long as the limb of the
calyx in our specimens, but every other point agrees with Roxburgh's de-
scription.

1220. (4) G. gummifera (Linn. :) arborescent, unarmed, with resinous
buds: sei siiis; oo et elliptic-oblong to ovate-oblong, sia or
very shortly and bluntly pointed, puberulous and slightly scabrous own
young, afterwards shining, with simple parallel nerves : flowers — ; 1-9
together, almost sessile: calyx densely puberulous and slightly sca ES
limb short, with 5 ovate acuminated divisions : corolla hypocrateriform ; tu
long, slender, widened at the mouth, sparingly pubescent) Bab Sparno
segments narrow oblong, more than half the length of the tube, pii 8 -
brous: stigma clavate, entire, striated : berry drupaceous, ey o PE
crowned with the whole limb of the calyx; nut with 4 or 5 parieta di : Bo ^

cles.— Linn. f. suppl. p. 164 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 981 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 16: i for :
Al. Ind. 1. p. 709; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 556; Roth, nov. sp. P- 149; Wig t! cat.
n. 1974 — G. arborea, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. 708 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 555 ; in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 17 ; herb. Madr.! ; DC. 1. e,——Cirears ; Roxburgh. Gingie hills.
— We have followed Roth in uniting Roxburgh's G. arborea to G. gummifera
of Linnæus, and we have done so on the authority of his drawing, which is a
good representation of our plant, and which again is certainly that of Lin-

396 RUBIACE/E . RANDIA.

neus. The species alluded to by Roxburgh in the Banksian herbarium, with
the divisions of the calyx “ long, slender and acute,” is probably a variety of
G. lucida, Roxb.

+1221. (5) G. calyculata (Roxb. :) arboreous, unarmed : leaves petioled,
ovate, acuminated, glabrous: flowers terminal, solitary, sessile: ovarium in-
voluered: calyx-segments ensiform: anthers included within the swollen
tube of the 5-cleft corolla—Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 704; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 550;
DC. prod. 4. p. 380.

Brought from Hydrabad to Lord Pigot, and planted in his garden at Ma-
dras ; Roxburgh.

We are not aware that any specimens are preserved of this plant, and
Roxburgh’s description is too abridged to enable us to recognise it ; probably
it is nothing but G. latifolia : Sprengel refers it to G. grandiflora, Lour.
Roxburgh places it between two species with ribbed fruit, which has induced
De Candolle to refer it to the same section with them: for this however
there is no authority, and had such been the structure of the fruit, we think
Roxburgh would have mentioned it.

+1222. (6) G.? pubescens (Roth:) unarmed: leaves longish petioled,
roundish oval, acuminated at both ends, the younger ones rugose, and on the
under side as well as the young branches tomentose: corymbs axillary,
dichotomous, divaricated: calyx minutely 5-toothed : corolla infundibuliform
(small), tomentose ; tube longer than the calyx: berry globose.—Roth, nov.
sp. p. 151; DC. prod. 4. p. 383; Spr. syst. 1. p. 764.

Sent by Heyne to Roth, who has given a long description of what was of
the least consequence to be known, and omitted all notice of the internal
structure of the ovary and berry ; the only thing certain is that it does not
belong to the genus ; but whether it be a Hymenodictyon (to which Bed),
after making every allowance for the terminology, it seems slightly allied),
or a Randia, it is almost impossible to make out: of many of Roth's, it may
be said with as much justice as by the late Bertero of Molina's Rosmarinus
chilensis, that they ought to be struck ont from the list of species being
more correctly described under other names.

1223. (7) G. montana (Roxb.:) arboreous with short rigid spines : jen
oblong, obtuse, nearly sessile, with the margins revolute ; upper side n
brous and shining, under a little pubescent: flowers 3-6 together, fascic ed,
springing from the young leafless shoots, shortly pedicelled : calyx with about
5 teeth: corolla 5-7-cleft, glabrous in the throat: anthers included : stigma
bifid: berry drupaceous, roundish ; nut hard and bony, with 4-6 parietal re-
ceptacles.— Rob. fl. Ind. 1. p. 709 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 556 ; in E. I. C. mus.

16 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 383; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 84.——Circars ; rgh
Fruit about the size of a pullet’s egg.

V. RANDIA. Houst.; Lam. ill. t. 156.

Calyx-tube obovate, limb 5-lobed or toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform :
tube usually short: limb 5-partite. Anthers sessile within the throat of the

corolla, oblong-linear. Stigma thick, 2-partite or 2-lobed, glabrous. Berry : : :

crowned with the calyx, somewhat dry, with a thickish rind, 2.celled. See

several in each cell, attached to a central placenta, either nestling in pulp Be i

or imbricated downwards, wingless. Albumen cartilaginous. “ Embryo |

straight: radicle terete: cotyledons orbicular, flat.” (DC.)—Small trees a

shrubs, much branched. Thorns, when present, axillary, opposite, or vere ze
cillate. Leaves sessile or short petioled. Stipules solitary on both sides, ae

the two opposite ones often united by their margins into one that is er

foliaceous. Flowers axillary, somewhat sessile, usually solitary-

Ranpta. RUBIACE X. 397

Occasionally the parts of the flower are in a senary instead of a quinary protection.
De Candolle makes it an essential character of this genus to have the anthers in-
cluded, although he retains in it many species, as R. longispina, nutans, floribunda,
longiflora, fasciculata, rigida, horrida, and sinensis, which do not agree with that de-
finition. The decidedly 2-celled ovary and berry easily distinguish it from Gardenia,
but we can scarcely point any one character to separate it from Stylocoryne : De Can-
dolle attributes to the latter an entire, to the other a divided stigma; but our own
observations tend to the belief that almost every intermediate state may be observed
in Randia alone. We are not inclined to place much reliance on the shape of the
cotyledons and radicle, because these have been observed in only a very few species,
by far too few to permit botanists to draw a general rule from them. In habit, how-
ever, the two genera are very different. —We omit R. parvifiora, Lam., or Gardenia
Soneratii, Spr., as from the anthers being described on longish filaments, it has no
relation to either genus, and as probably it is not a native of the Peninsula.

$ 1. Armed with spines : segments of the calyx foliaceous.

1224. (1) R. dumetorum (Lam. :) spines opposite: leaves oval, somewhat
obtuse, cuneate at the base, glabrous or when young slightly pubescent :
flowers solitary, terminal on the young shoots, shortly pedicelled: limb of
the calyx campanulate, lobes oblong: corolla hirsute on the outside ; tube
rather longer than the segments of the calyx, furnished on the inside near the
base with a ring of erect dense hairs: fruit usually globose, rarely oblong,
crowned with the limb of the calyx.—Lam. ill. t. 156. f. 4; DC. prod. 4.
p. 885; Wight! cat. n. 1275.—Gardenia dumetorum, Retz, obs. 2. p. 14;
Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 136 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 762.—G. spinosa, Linn. suppl. p. 164.—
Posoqueria dumetorum, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 113 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 564.—Ceris-
cus Malabaricus, Gertn. 1. t. 28.—Puk. t. 98. f. 6.

Most botanists, in describing this plant, have either copied from old au-
thors, or have had before them cultivated specimens ; and consequently, as
may be expected, there is a greater similarity between the characters than is
warranted by the species in a wild state. The calyx is either quite glabrous
or slightly hirsute ; the whole limb is permanent (not merely the tubular por-
tion, as Roxburgh says) unless broken accidentally. The size of the fruit
varies from that of a small eherry to as large as a walnut. The whole habit
of the plant is likewise extremely variable, according as it grows 1n a poor or
rich soil.

t 1225. (2) R. nutans (DC.:) spines opposite, horizontal : young branches
long, drooping, pubescent : leaves from cuneiform-oblong to round, glabrous:
flowers short pedicelled, at the extremity of short leafless or few-leaved axil-
lary young shoots: calyx with a short rather hairy cylindric tube: corolla
silky on the outside; tube scarcely longer than the calyx-segments, with a
dense circle of white hairs internally near the base: fruit globose, crowned
with the whole limb of the calyx.—DC. prod. 4. p. 386.—Posoqueria nutans,
mU fl. Ind. 1. p. 714; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 565.—Gardenia nutans, Rowb. hort.

engh. p. 15 ; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 94. à :

ozing ar at pvo env locality for this either in the Flora Indica, or
Hortus Benghalensis ; the presumption therefore is, that the species is merely
taken up from some cultivated plant in the Caleutta Bot. Garden. We do
not see how it differs in the slightest degree from some states of the pre-
ceding. Roxburgh says that the calyx tube and lobes are all permanent, and
consequently that the fruit is crowned with the whole or entire calyx; De
Candolle has therefore surely misapprehended the meaning of the passage
when he says ** bacca calycis tubo tum integro coronata.

t1226. (3) R. Rottleri (W. & A.:) shrubby, with short slender spines:
leaves elliptic, acute at both ends: flowers sessile, solitary, terminal: seg-
ments of the calyx obtuse, and its tube glabrous.—Gardenia stipularis, Rotti.
and Wilid. in act. am. nat. cur. Berol: 4. 1803: p. 182 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 383.

Apparently very closely allied to the preceding in the structure of the ca-
lyx, but differing by the leaves acute at both ends.

398 RUBIACE E. RANDA.

— 1227. (4) R. longispina (DC. :) spines opposite or occasionally alternate,
horizontal: young branches drooping : leaves from obovate to oblong, cuneate
at the base, glabrous, or pubescent on the nerves: flowers shortly pedicelled,
generally 1-3 at the extremities of the young short axillary shoots, occasionally
solitary and axillary: limb of the calyx campanulate, lobes ovate, with often
a small tooth between them in the sinus: corolla silky on the outside ; tube
rather longer than the segments of the calyx, with a dense ring of hairs near
the base on the inside: fruit drupaceous, short-ovoid and slightly retuse at
the base, crowned with the permanent limb of the calyx.—e, culta ; tube of
the calyx and ovary glabrous.—R. longispina, DC. prod. 4. p. 386.—Poso-
queria longispina, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 716 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 566.—Gardenia
longispina, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 15 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1379; Spr. syst.
suppl. p. 84.—$, sylvestris ; tube of the calyx and ovarium more or less hairy.
— Wight ! cat. n. 1276. :

Roxburgh states the fruit to be obovate, and this is copied by other authors
without examination ; but in his drawing, above referred to, the mature fruit
is represented ovate and thickest at the base, as in our specimens. Roxburgh
was only acquainted with the plant in a state of cultivation, as may be easily
proved by the high number attached to his drawing: in a wild state the spmes
are often so small as to render the specific name quite inapplicable. We are
inclined to refer here specimens from Heyne in Rottler's herbarium marked
Gardenia spinosa, on account of the size of the foliage, but they are not m
fruit. Probably Canthium chinense, Pers. (Gardenia spinosa, Thunb. and
Willd.) is our var. £; the Madras locality however given by Roemer and
Schultes, and De Candolle, belongs to the Gard. spinosa of Linnseus.

1228. (5) R. tomentosa (W. & A.:) spines opposite, spreading: branches
E leaves on the young short shoots, petioled, oval, obtuse, more OF
ess cuneate at the base ; upper surface thinly and hispidly pubescent, tomen-
tose on the nerves; under, and the petioles, tomentose: flowers solitary
the extremities of the leafy shoots, shortly pedicelled : fruit nearly globose;
Mig htly 10-ribbed, villous or when ripe more glabrous, crowned with the tu-
bular portion of the limb of the calyx and the remains of its ovate segments.
—Wight! cat. n. 1277.

1229. (6) R. floribunda (DC. :) spines axill rigid: leaves opposite and
fascicled, obovate, cuneate at A. v Hg tao force shortly pedicelled,
4-6 on each of the small lateral scaly leafless young shoots: calyx glabrous;
tube cylindric, segments of the limb somewhat lanceolate, acuminated, per-
sistent: corolla silky on the outside; tube rather shorter than the segments
of the calyx, with a circle of erect hairs about the middle on the inside ;
fruit ovate-cordate, shining, crowned with the limb of the cal x.—DC. d
4. p. 386.— Posoqueria floribunda, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 719; ed. Wall.) 2. P-
569.—Gardenia floribunda, Spr. syst. suppl. p. 84.

$ 2. Armed with spines: limb of the calya toothed.

1230. (7) R. uliginosa (DC. :) arboreous, armed: branches straight, 4-an-
gled ; branchlets decussating, horizontal, terete, bearing 1—4 thorns ane ^"
short-pedicellate flowers at their extremity: leaves short- etioled, oblong, -
somewhat cuneate at the base, glabrous, shining: limb of the calyx tubuler
bluntly 5-toothed or nearly quite entire, a little shorter than the tube of the
corolla: corolla villous in the mouth: berry oval, drupaceous, even, 62: oon
oo y p. aM CAMCN uliginosa, Retz, obs. 2. p. 14 ; Spr. m Tis. M
i . Cor. 2. t. 135.—Posoqueria uliginosa, b, -inde 1. Ma (1 7-
Wall.) 2. p. 563. à s PiN i i.

_* 1231. (8) R. foliolosa (W. & A.:) shrubby, armed with spreading OPPO,
site rigid rn leaves small, etie Db dn lateral knobs (aborti «^ Tz
branches), oblong or obovate, obtuse, cuneate at the base, near

HypriaNTHERA. RUBIACEJE. 599

scarcely longer than the spines, very glabrous: flowers small, solitary and —
sessile on the apex of the lateral knobs, glabrous: calyx-limb somewhat trun-
cated, with 6 minute sharp and slightly recurved teeth: tube of the corolla
scarcely twice the length of the limb of the calyx, the inside villous at the
mouth.— Wight ! cat. n. 1278.—Gardenia foliolosa, herb. Madr. !

We do not know whence this species was obtained ; our specimens are
from Klein's herbarium, and were cultivated in the Missionaries’ Garden ;
they are without fruit.

$ 3. Unarmed.

1232. (9) R. corymbosa (W. & A.:) unarmed: leaves long-petioled, ob-
long-obovate, cuneate at the base ; when young with the upper side pubes-
cent, and the under as well as the petioles velvetty: flowers in a slightly
branched terminal sessile corymb: calyx almost glabrous, its limb campanu-
late, minutely 5-toothed : corolla externally hirsute.— Wight ! cat. n. 1279.

May Roth's Gardenia pubescens be this species? We have only one speci-
men before us, and it exhibits no appearance of thorns ; we have not seen the
fruit. 3

1233. (10) R. Candolleana (W. & A.:) unarmed: leaves long-petioled,
roundish-obovate, obtuse, cuneate and tapering at the base,'glabrous on both
sides: flowers in a small terminal sessile very slightly branched corymb: ca-
lyx glabrous ; its limb campanulate, nearly truncated, with 5 small acute de-
ciduous teeth : fruit globose.— Wight! cat. n. 1280. :

The limb of the calyx, when the fruit advances towards maturity, appears
from various causes, to be more or less completely broken off.

VI. HYPTIANTHERA. W.& A.

Calyx-tube short, obovate: limb deeply 5-cleft ; segments oblong, acumi-
nated. Corolla rotate: tube very short, hairy on the inside: limb 5-partite,
spreading, in eestivation twisted. Stamens 5: filaments wanting’: anthers ob-
long, large, attached by the back above the middle to the top of the tube of
the corolla, free at the base and apex. Ovary crowned with a thick fleshy
disk, 2-celled, with about 6 suspended ovules in each cell. Style very short,
perforating the disk. Stigma hirsute, large, oblong, 2-partite, segments erect,
close together and never diverging. Berry globose, crowned with the per-
sistent limb of the calyx, 2-celled, with few seeds imbricated in two rows in
each cell.—Shrubby, unarmed, glabrous. Leaves short-petioled, oblong-
lanceolate, acuminated, cuneate at the base. Stipules interpetiolar, entire,
solitary on each side, triangular, acuminated, rigid, adpressed. Flowers
bracteated, small, collected into small dense globose sessile fascicles in the
axils of the leaves. Fruit about the size of a pea.

1234. (1) H. stricta (W. & A.)—Wight! cat. n. 1281.—Randia stricta,
Roxb. A on 1. p. 526 1 (ed. Wan. Y Ayn 145; DC. prod. 4. p. 386.—Ma-
crocnemum strictum, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1029 ; Roem. and Schult.
syst. 5. p.6; Smith in Rees’ cycl.—Rondeletia stricta, Roth, nov. sp. p. 140
(excl. s -); Roem. and Sch. 1. c. p. 234 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. TO

The EUR by Plukenet (t. 132. f. 6.) referred to by Roth, might at first
sight be taken for a reduced one of this plant, but is undoubtedly Elatine
( Bergia ) verticillata: we do not comprehend why De Candolle seems dis-
posed to refer it to Zizyphus.

VII. GRIFFITHIA. W.& A.

Calyx-tube obovate, short : limb campanulate, 5-toothed, deciduous. Co-
rolla infundibuliform, hairy in the throat: limb spreading, 5-partite ; seg-

400 : RUBIACE X. STYLOCORYNE.

ments narrow-oblong, acute, about as long as the tube, in sestivation slightly _
twisted. Stamens 5: anthers long, linear, acuminated, exserted, attached by
their back a little above their base to. the mouth of the tube of the corolla :
the filaments scarcely any, much shorter than the part of the anther below
the point of attachment. Ovary crowned with a thickish fleshy disk, 2-cell-
ed, with several ovules in each cell.- Style filiform the length of the tube of
the corolla. Stigma entire, long, fusiform, striated, exserted. Berry glo-
bose, marked on the apex with a circular scar where the limb of the calyx has
fallen off, 2-celled, with 8-10 seeds in each cell. Seeds angled, pretty large,
surrounded with mucilage. Albumen cartilaginous. Embryo as long as the
albumen.—A rigid glabrous shrub, with usually opposite thorns, sometimes
unarmed. Leaves petioled, from obovate to oblong, cuneate at the base, co-
riaceous, with concave glands that are hairy on the margin in the axils of the
nerves. Stipules interpetiolar, solitary on each side, distinct, roundish-ovate
with a cuspidate point, caducous. Flowers pedicelled (white), in a nearly
simple very shortly peduncled umbel-like corymb, at the ends of the branches,
or on short lateral knobs or leafless young shoots: pedicels bibracteated near
the base. Fruit about the size of a large pea, reddish.

Easily recognised from most genera of the section by the decidedly deciduous limb
of the calyx, which, soon after the flowering is over, separates by a transverse crac
from the apex of the ovary. It has little affinity, so far as habit goes, with Styloco-
ryne, in which De Candolle places it, but much more with Randia. We have nam
it in honour of Mr Griffith, an able young botanist, now on the Madras establishment.

1235. (1) G. fragrans (W. & A.)— Wight! cat. n. 1282.—Gardenia fragrans,
Koen. ; Roxb. Cor. 2. t. 197; Roth, nov. sp. p. 150 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 762.—G.
Pandaki, Vahl.—Posoqueria fragrans, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 717; (ed. Wall.) 2.

_ p. 567.—Randia Malabarica, Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 25.—Stylocoryne Pandaki,
oad prod. 4. p. 377.—S. Malabarica, DC. l. c.—Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 35 (not

_ There can be no doubt but this shrub, which is very common and widely
distributed in the Peninsula, is what Rheede has figured; but the descrip-
tion, with the exception of the colour of the flowers, which only appear pur-
ple in the dry state, is better than the plate.

VIII. STYLOCORYNE. Cav. ; Gaertn. fr. 3. t. 197.—Webera, Schreb—

Chomelia, Linn. (not Jacq.)—Cupia, DC. (partly).—Tarenna, Gertn.
Jr. LT

Calyx-tube turbinate : limb 5-cleft or 5-toothed, persistent. Corolla hy-
pocrateriform or infundibuliform : tube longer than the limb of the calyx:
limb 5-partite ; segments spreading or recurved. Stamens 5: filaments very
short or almost wanting: anthers long, linear, exserted. Ovary 2-celled,
with two or more ovules in each cell. Style filiform. Stigma much exserted,
thick, elongated, fusiform or somewhat clavate, undivided. Berry globose, —
2-celled, or rarely by abortion 1-celled, crowned with the limb of the calyx-
Seeds peritropal, usually angled and either few or numerous in each cell,
rarely from abortion solitary and not angled. Albumen between fleshy and
cartilaginous, Radicle cylindric. Cotyledons flat, foliaceous, small.—Trees
or shrubs, unarmed. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, petioled. Stipules interfo-
liaceous, solitary on each side, the opposite ones usually (perhaps always)
united together, broad at the base, with a sharp point. Flowers white, 12
terminal or axillary corymbs or cymes,

Srytocoryne. RUBIACE X. 401

We follow Richard in uniting Cupia to Stylocoryne ; the habit of the two genera is

uite the same, and even according to the characters (the tubular and 5-toothed, or
the 5-partite limbs of the calyx) given by De Candolle, several of what he has placed
in Cupia ought to have been removed to Stylocoryne: thus his C. densiflora and C.
odorata have the limb of the calyx tubular and 5-toothed, and differ in that respect
from Cupia. C. oppositifolia is scarcely known, and does not appear to belong to the
p perhaps indeed the leaves are alternate, and in that case it must be removed

om the order. We exclude C. auriculata and C. scandens of De Candolle, which
appear to be more allied to Randia; and also C. iruncata, which, from its twining
habit, the ovary with 2 ovules in each cell its annular truncate and obscurely 5-
toothed limb to the calyx, and lobes of the corolla with hooked points, seems to form
a distinct genus near Diplospora. C. cymosa, DC. is the same as Canthium didymum,
Gertn., and Psydrax dicoccos, Gertn.: C. thrysoidea, DC., belongs to Wendlandia.
—As we agree with those who reduce the genus Webera among the mosses to a sec-
tion of Bryum, we ought perhaps to have adopted that name here, instead of Stylo-
coryne, but have not done so in order to prevent confusion, and in deference to those
who differ from us about what ought to constitute a genus of Musci.

1236. (1) S. Webera (A. Rich.:) shrubby, glabrous: leaves lanceolate-ob-
long, shining: corymbs trichotomous, terminal: calyx-limb 5-cleft: tube of
the corolla short, about twice the length of the calyx-tube, slightly widened
and bearded at the mouth ; segments of the limb recurved, oblong, villous at
their base along the middle, about twice as long as the tube: style slightly
hairy ; stigma with 10 longitudinal somewhat winged angles : berry 2-celled,
with 4-8 seeds in each cell.—Rich. in mem. soc. hist. nat. Par. 5. p. 248 ;
Wight ! cat. n. 1283.—Webera corymbosa, Willd. sp. 1. p. 1224 ; Spr. syst. 1.
P. 759; Road. fl. Ind. 1. p. 696; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 533.—Canthium corymbo-
sum, Pers, syn. 1. p. 200.—Rondeletia Asiatica, Linn. sp. p. 244.—Cupia co-
rymbosa, DC. prod. 4. p. 394.—Gardenia Pavetta, Rozb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
144.— Tarenna Zeylanica, Gertn. fr. 1. p. 139. t. 28; DC. l. c. p. 395.—Po-
lyozus Maderaspatana, DC. l. e. p. 495.—Pavetta Wightiana, Wall! L. n.
6167.— Ixora alba, Herb. Sm. (not in Rees’ cycl.)—Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 23; Pluk.
t. 171. f. 3 (bad). :

The flowers are almost always cleft in a quinary manner, but occasionally
Some may be observed with 6 or rarely with only 4 divisions: specimens of
the last have been figured by Gærtner as his Terenna (the Cinghalese name
is Tarana not Tarenna), which is otherwise an excellent representation of
the fruit of our plant. The young shoots are frequently covered over with a
resinous exudation, whence probably Webera cerifera, Moon (cat. Ceyl. pl.
P- 19), ought to be added to the above synonyms.

1237. (2) S. monosperma (W. & A.:) shrubby, glabrous: leaves lanceo-
late-oblong, shining: corymbs trichotomous, with rather few flowers, termi-
nal: ealyx-limb cupulate, minutely 5-toothed : tube of the corolla elongated,
infundibuliform, many times longer than the limb of the calyx, pubescent on
the inside; segments of the limb oblong, glabrous, about half the length of
the tube: ovary with 2-3 ovules in each cell: style slightly hairy ; stigma
acute, compressed, with a furrow along each side: berry (white and about
the size of a small cherry) fleshy, 1-celled, 1-seeded ; seed not angled.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1284.

TRIBE III. HEDYOTIDER. Cham. and Schl.

Ovary 2-celled; cells many ovuled. Fruit capsular, 2-celled, usual-
ly loculicidal, rarely septicidal, sometimes somewhat membranaceous
and indehiscent. Seeds several in each cell (rarely solitary or in pairs
when the capsule is loculicidal), not winged. Albumen fleshy.— Trees,
shrubs, or herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite or in threes. Stipules
interpetiolar.

w RUBIACEA. Wenssanash

SUBTRIBE I. RONDELETIEH. DC.

Stipules solitary or 2 on both sides, free from the petioles, and neither forming
with them a sheath not split into bristle-shaped segments. Segments of the corolla
more or less twisted in sstivation. Stamens 5, (except in Bikkia, Greenea, and
some species of Rondeletia.)

IX. WENDLANDIA. Bartl.; DC. (partly).

Calyx-tube somewhat globose, often striated: the limb very short, com-
posed of 5 small persistent teeth. Corolla with the tube longer than the cà-
lyx, widest at the throat, glabrous or nearly so on the outside : limb spread-
ing, 5-lobed ; the lobes oblong or lanceolate, acute or obtuse, imbricated and
slightly twisted in sestivation, and forming a globose or oval head to the
flower-bud. Stamens 5: filaments springing from the very top of the tube,
often very short: anthers oblong, exserted, oscillatory. Ovary crowned with
a fleshy disk. Style exserted, filiform. Stigma of two pretty large, oval,
thickish segments. Capsule globose, crowned with the limb of the ca-
lyx, 2-celled, splitting at the apex, loculicidal. Seeds minute, numerous m

each cell.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves coriaceous, oval or lanceolate, petioled.
Stipules solitary on each side, broad at the base, acuminated. Panicles thyr-
soid, terminal, many-flowered. Flowers white, small, very shortly pedicel-
led, forming spikes or fascicles along the ultimate ramifications of the panicle.

Of the pentandrous species enumerated by De Candolle, W. longifolia now forms
the genus Adenosacme of Wallich: all the tetrandrous ones must be likewise ex-
eluded. Dr Wallich remarks, that most of the species of this genus ** vary consider-
ably in the figure and size of the leaves, the degree of their pubescence, and in their
inflorescence; a circumstance which renders their specific discrimination difficult :
in which we find an additional proof of what we have had occasion to urge more than

once in this volume, that pubescence and shape of leaves being dependent on adven-
ous circumstances, afford characters that are frequently o little importance un-

less supported by others of greater weight. With regard to the species 1n Dr Wal-
lich's List, we have only ye oj por&mit? of dxnminig a few of them: of d:
W. lata, Wall. L. n. 6266. b, is certainly not Rond. paniculata, Roxb. (in E.t.

C kd pancu + t | H h he
J. mus. tab, 1954); if not a new species (W. budleioides, Wall. mst.) it might ©
i with W. tinctoria (Rondeletia tinctoria, Roxb. 1. c. tab. 1955): W. tinetoriay
all. L. n. 6269. b, has the anthers too much exserted for the true plant; We H9
pose to call it. W. Wallichii: W. cinerea, Wall. L. n. 6268 (Rondeletia cinerea, Watt)»
does not appear to be distinguishable as a species from W. easerta: W. berula,
DC., is described with the stigma clavate, but it is composed of two thickish plates
or lobes as in the other species; does this really differ from WW. pendula, which Dr
Wallich describes with an entire stigma ? j

1238. (1) W. exserta (DC.:) arboreous, with villous young branches :
leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, upper side pubescent, under velvetty, glau-
cous: stipules acute, densely pubescent, the upper part recurved, reniform :
branches of the panicle villous, spreading: flowers more or less crowded:
calyx hoary : corolla scarcely pubescent ; tube very short, scarcely exceeding
the limb of the calyx, somewhat campanulate ; divisions of the limb recurve®:
filaments nearly as long as the segments of the corolla: capsule villous.—
DC. prod. 4. p. 411 ; Wall. L. n. 6267.—Rondeletia exserta, Row. ff. Iud. 1.
p. 523; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 135; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1363.—R, thrysiflora
Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 141 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 708.—R. Oryssensis, Roth, l. €-
p. 142 ; Spr. l. c.—R. Heynei, Roem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 234

We have already remarked that W. cinerea is too closely allied to this spe- -

cies ; the only difference we know of between the two is, that in W. cinerea
the stipules are usually blunt ; but we have also observed them mucronate si
specimens from Dr Wallich himself. We also suspect W. prowima, DC»,

Rond, proxima, Don, to be quite the same, or at most a mere variation

-

|. GREENEA. RUBIACE E. 403

the tube of the corolla a little longer than usual : in this we are confirmed by
the circumstance that the only species with tomentose leaves enumerated by
Dr Wallich (by whom it was transmitted), both in the Flora Indica and in
his List, are W. cinerea and exserta.

1239. (2) W. Notoniana (Wall.:) arboreous, with the young shoots hir-
sute: leaves petioled, oblong, slightly tapering at both ends; upper side gla-
brous, under somewhat glaucous, more or less minutely pubescent, often
nearly quite glabrous except on the nerves and veins: stipules triangular-
ovate, hirsute at the base; the upper part glabrous, recurved: branches of
the panicle hirsute, somewhat erect: flowers crowded and forming interrupt-
ed spikes: calyx hoary, the teeth triangular, acuminated: corolla glabrous,
6-8 times longer than the limb of the calyx ; tube widened at the mouth ;
divisions of the limb oval, obtuse, recurved: anthers nearly sessile: capsule
sprinkled with short hairs.—Wall.! L. n. 6273; Wight! cat. n. 1285.—We-
bera, herb. Madr. !—W. thrysoidea, Roth, nov. sp. p. 149 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 759.
—Canthium thrysoideum, Roem. and Schult. syst. 5. p. 207.—Cupia thrysoidea,
DC. prod. 4. p. 394. Neelgherries. Dindygul hills. Mysore-; Heyne,

We have before us a specimen from Nundydroog in Mysore exactly agree-
ing with Roth's description ; but although the panicle be occasionally con-
tracted into an ovate thryse not exceeding an inch and half in length, it is
much larger when the specimens are fine and in fruit, being then often 6 or 8 `
inches long. The leaves vary considerably in pubescence, and frequently
form a verticil of three towards the extremities of the vigorous flower-bearing
branches. From the imperfect character given of W. densiflora from Java,
we scarcely know whether it be the same or not as this species.

-* 1240. (3) W. bicuspidata (W. & A.:) arboreous: young branches hir-
sutely pubescent : gpyes petioled, obovate, bluntly pointed, cuneate at the
base, pubescent on the nerves on the under side, but otherwise glabrous:
stipules broadly triangular at the base, with a 2-cleft point, hirsute except
along the margins : petioles and spreading branches of the lax panicle densely
pubescent: flowers solitary or in threes, approximated but not crowded:
calyx glabrous ; teeth ovate: corolla glabrous, 6-8 times longer than the limb
of the calyx ; limb small: anthers nearly sessile : capsule glabrous. ' 1

The specimen before us is from Ceylon, but it is probably also found in
the southern districts of the Peninsula.

1241. (4) W. Heyneana (Wall.:) young branches, petioles, and branches
of the panicle, covered with a very minute somewhat velvetty pubescence :
leaves oblong, tapering at both ends, glabrous on both sides: stipules trian-
gular, cuspidate, entire, glabrous, slightly hairy on the margin: panicle some- _
what contracted : flowers solitary or in threes, approximated but not crowd-
ed: calyx glabrous ; teeth minute, roundish: corolla glabrous, 6-8 times long-
er than the limb of the calyx: anthers nearly sessile: capsule glabrous.—
Wall.! L. n. 6274. a eM :
r character is taken from a specimen from Dr Wallich in Dr Hooker's
herbarium; we can scarcely point out how it differs from W. glabrata, DC.

X. GREENEA. W.& A.

~ . Calyx-tube globose: limb of 4 lanceolate, erect teeth as long as the tube.
+ Flower-bud clavate. Corolla infundibuliform, pubescent, several times longer
_ than the limb of the calyx : tube naked in the mouth: limb 4-cleft ; segments
Ovate, acute, small, twisted in estivation. Stamens 4: filaments almost
wanting: anthers attached by the middle of their back to below the mouth
of the corolla, linear, bifid at both ends, their apices only exserted. Ovary
frowned with a thick fleshy disk: placente thick and fleshy, hemispherical,

ec?

404 | RUBIACEJE. Ontonnama.

attached to the middle of the dissepiment. Style filiform, soon projecting
beyond the corolla. Stigma bipartite; segments narrow, linear, recurved.
Capsule crowned with the calycine teeth (the apex circular, flat, and not
free from the calyx), 2-celled, septicidal, bicoccous; the cocci splitting at
the apex at the back, separating from the epicarp (the calyx). Seeds nume-
rous in each cell, minute, angular.—Shrubs. Leaves elliptic, acuminated,
much attenuated at the base. Stipules large, tongue-shaped, membranace-
ous. Corymbs terminal, trichotomous, spreading : branches hirsutely pubes-
cent: partial ones dichotomous. Flowers whitish, nearly sessile along the
one side of the ultimate divisions of the panicle, approximated, each subtend-
ed by a subulate bractea. Calyx sprinkled with short bristly hairs.

To this very distinct genus (which we have named in honour of B. D. Greene,
Esq. of Boston, U. S.), besides the following, belongs Rondeletia spicata, Wall., or
R. corymbosa, Jack, which are placed in Wendlandia by De Candolle, and through
inadvertency kept up as distinct s ecies, although Dr Wallich points out their iden-

tity in his edition of the Flora Indica (vol. ii. p. 574): as both specific names are ap-
plicable to the whole genus, we trust we shall not be charged with recklessly altering
them by proposing for this species that of G. Jackii. The inflorescence is very pe-
culiar, and considerably like that of Tournefortia.

1242. (1) G. Wightiana (W. & A.:) leaves almost quite glabrous on both
sides except on the midrib and nerves.— Wight! cat. n. 1286.—W endlandia
Wightiana, Wall! L. n. 6277.

XI. OPHIORRHIZA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 55.

Calyx-tube short, turbinate: limb 5-cleft, persistent. Corolla tubular, in-
fundibuliform ; tube several times longer than the limb of the calyx, hairy
. Within; limb of 5 ovate lobes. Stamens 5, included. Ovary adnate to the
> calyx, crowned with a 2-lobed disk, 2-celled, many-ovuled ; placente ob-
Ee long, ascending from the dissepiment near the bottom of each cell. Style
se filiform, usually short. Stigma bifid. Capsule compressed, broad, 2-lobed, -
crowned with the calycine segments, 2-celled, 2-valved, loculicidal. Seeds
numerous, small, somewhat hexagonal. Embryo straight in the axis of a-
fleshy or somewhat horny albumen.—Low perennial, herbaceous, or suffru-
tescent plants. Leaves opposite, petioled, membranaceous, the opposite one
often smaller. Stipules in pairs on each side, very small, and deciduous. -
Peduncles axillary and terminal, cymose at the apex, with the ultimate divi-
sions somewhat umbellate. Flowers unilateral, nearly sessile.

1243. (1) O. Munghos ( Linn. :) stem when old suffruticose : leaves elliptic-
laneeolate, acuminated at both ends, glabrous, very thin: stipules minute,
truncated : cymes peduncled, terminal, branched, naked : tube of the corolla
short, infundibuliform : style as long as the tube.— DC. prod. 4. p. 415; Spr
syst. 1. p. 585 ; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 55; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. TOL; (ed. Wall.) 2-
p. 644 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1212; Wall, ! L. n. 6277; Wight! cat. n. 1296.
—a; cymes lax; their ultimate branches elongated, many-flowered.—? +
cymes small, corymbiform, their branches short and few-flowered.—y ; cymes
small, dense, somewhat capitate, their branches short and few-flowered— ——
Dindygul. Courtallum. Travancore. T does

1244. (2) O. Brunonis (W. & A.:) stem suffruticose : leaves oblong-lanceo"
late, attenuated at both ends, glabrous, very thin: stipules minute; acute: —
cymes peduncled, terminal or axillary, somewhat corymbiform, branche? s
ultimate divisions few- (usually 2-) flowered: bracteas long, linear-subulate,
scattered on the peduncle, and at the base of the partial peduncles, and oc

3
E
|

DeNTELLA. : RUBIACEZE. 405 |

: casionally also of the pedicels : tube of the corolla shortish, nearly cylindric:

style protruded.— Wight ! cat. n. 1288.

Closely allied, on account of the bracteas, to O. bracteolata, Br. in Wall. !
L. 6228 (0. Munghos var. Nepalensis, DC.), and O. rugosa, Wall.!; but
both of these are herbaceous, and have the corolla twice or th rice as long as
our species.

+1245. (3) O. Harrisiana (Heyne.)—Wall. L. n. 6236.

SUBTRIBE II. HEDYOTEX. DC.

Stipules cohering with the petioles on both sides, and Moree! | with them a more -
or less distinct sheath that is usually split into several bristles. egments of the co-
rolla imbricated in ewstivation. Stamens 4 (except in Dentelia).

XII. DENTELLA. Forst. ; Lam. ill. t. 118. :

Calyx-tube globose: limb 5-cleft ; segments lanceolate, acute. Corolla in-
fundibuliform ; tube 2-3 times longer than the limb of the calyx, slightly
hairy on the inside near the base: limb 5-cleft, spreading ; segments ovate,
acute, with an acute tooth on each side above the middle. Stamens 5: fila-
ments very short, inserted a little above the base of the tube : anthers oblong,
not reaching above the middle of the tube. Style very short. Stigmas 2,
long, narrow-linear, slightly spreading. Capsule (or dry berry) scarcely de-
hiscent, between globose and ovate, hirsutely villous, crowned with the per-
manent limb of the calyx, 2-celled. Placentze fleshy, hemispherical, adnate
to the middle of the dissepiment. Seeds numerous in each cell, minute, an-
gled.—Herbaceous, annual, tufted, creeping plants, growing in wettish situa-
tions, as on the banks of water-courses. Stems filiform, branched, glabrous.
Leaves oblong, attenuated at the base, glabrous, or with the petioles ciliated
at the base. Flowers white, small and very tender, axillary, solitary, alter-
nate, very shortly pedicelled.

D. erecta of Roth (nov. sp. p. 140), — alternate leaves, must obviously be re-
moved from the family. Chamisso and Sch echtendal (in Linnea, 4. p. 151) describe
it with the calyx free from the fruit, but donot mention the natural order to which
it belongs: these specimens, however, are probably in a bad state, for in those be-
fore us the ovary certainly coheres with the calyx. The plant is truly a species of
Wahlenbergia (W. perotifolia, W. & A.), not noticed, so far as we can ascertain, by
M. Alph. De Candolle, or by Dr Wallich, although sent to the latter by Dr Wight.

1246. (1) D. repens (Forst.)—DC. prod. 4. p. 419; Spr. syst. 1 p.707;
Roth, Es ds p. 139; ong 2 Schl. in Linnea, 4. p. 150; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. —
p. 532 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 159; Wall. ! L. n. 6206; Wight! cat. n. 1289,—01-

enlandia repens, Linn. mant. p. 40. (not Burm.) ; Roxb. in E: T. C. mus.
tab. 545.— Hedyotis repens, Lam.— Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 170. f. 4; Rheed, Mal.
9. t. 39. (bad). |

De Candolle mentions that Old. repens of Burman (fl. Ind. t. 15. f. 2), on
the authority of his herbarium, is Peplis portula ; but although tbis be true of
the specimen, we suspect, from the reference to Plukenet, and the locality,

_ that the figure and specific character belongs to Hedyotis serpyllifolia, Poir. :

Peplis Portula is not found in the Peninsula.

XIII. HEDYOTIS. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 62; Brown ; Wall.

Calyx-tube ovate or globose: limb 4-toothed or 4-cleft, the teeth or seg-
ments persistent, without smaller intermediate ones. Corolla somewhat re-

_ gular, infundibuliform, tubular, or rotate, 4-cleft, the segments imbricated
(not twisted) in estivation. Stamens 4, inserted into the mouth of the

406 RUBIACE®. . Hepyoris.

tube, or a little below it: anthers roundish, oblong, or short-linear. Ovary
crowned with a fleshy disk. Style filiform. Stigma bifid or 2-lobed, rare-
ly entire. Capsule obovate, ovate or globose, crowned with the limb of
the calyx, 2-celled, dehiscing at the apex within the calyx in a direction
transverse to the dissepiment, at length sometimes splitting to the middle or
to the base, and either loculicidal or septicidal. Seeds usually minute, nu-
merous and angled, rarely few or solitary in each cell.— Herbaceous, suffru-
tescent, or shrubby plants. Stems 4-angled or terete: branches sometimes
compressed. Stipules cohering with the petioles, usually fringed with seve-
ral bristles, rarely entire. Inflorescence various.

This may well be called a polymorphous genus, and not in habit only, but also in
characters. Chamisso and Schlechtendal, and De Candolle, have lopped off portions,
but in several instances the distinctive marks proposed, if attended to in practice,
which they are certainly not in De Candolle’s prodromus, although the best and
last enumeration of the species, would remove plants, otherwise very closely allied,
to a distance. We shall therefore follow Brown and Wallich, by retaining the ge:
nus entire, and even add to it one species which, if the number of seeds afforded a suf-
ficient character, would be rather placed near Spermacoce, but which is a Hedyotis in its
mode of dehiscence and. almost all its other characters. Houstonia, having stipules,
and an adherent or at all events a half adherent ovary, belongs to this compound
genus, as has heen already remarked by St Hilaire: nor do we well understand why
all the other French botanists ascribe to it a free ovary, and thus remove it to the
Gentianee.—We have divided the genus into perhaps too many sections; We have
done so for the sake of pointing out the structure of the flower or fruit of the diffe-
rent species, in order that, when the others which do not fall within our notice arè

examined with the same minuteness, the genus may be divided with more rigorous
. and definite characters than have hitherto been presented.

. Szer. 1. Calyx-segments with the sinus somewhat obtuse. Corolla infundi-
— - buliform, hairy in the throat and on the lower part of the lobes: tube @
little longer than the limb of the calyx, wide at the mouth: lobes ob-
- long, about the length of the tube, or shorter. Anthers oblong-linear,
exserted, Ovary with the placentas oblong and ascending. Capsule with
the apex more or less 4-lobed and slightly produced beyond the calyx-
tube, at length septicidal, splitting to the base into two somewhat bony
cocci. Seeds numerous, minute, angled.—Shrubs or suffrutescent plants.
Stipules ovate, pointed, with usually several filiform teeth along the
margins. Flowers in panicled or corymbiform thryses, terminal a
from the upper axils, rarely in sessile, terminal or axillary capituli.—
Diplophragma.*
* Closely allied g: irae other groups, neither of which occur in the Peninsula :— d
l. Macrandria. Calyx-limb 4-partite : ment: » ed, the sinus som ;
rounded. Corolla widely infundibuliform, papery, much Decani oi ibo thiger arid along the segments?
tube very short, not half so long as the segments of the calyx: Jimb deeply 4-cleft; segments linear.
Filaments at length long (much longer than the corolla), filiform : anthers oblong-linear. Ovary crown:
ed with a tuft of numerous erect short bristles. Style exserted, shorter than the stamens, d Mur
sule globose, somewhat 4-lobed at the apex, protruded slightly beyond the calyx, bicoccous the coc
crustaceous, open on their inner face, splitting from the apex pes way down the back. Seeds pume

rous, minute.—Suffruticose, all over softly pu ex side of the leaves. Sti-
pules truncated, short, ciliated with several long rigid bristles (as In Spermurace). , Flowers

celled, in small compact capituliform peduncled terminal (or from their upper axils) corymbs.—H. maz — x

erostemum, Hook. and Arn. in Bot. Beech. Voy. p. 192.
2. Dimetia. Calyx-limb 4-toothed; teeth carinate, , erect, in fruit distant with @ rounded sinus.
Corolla widely infundibuliform, papery, much bearded in the throat and along the segments +
short : segments linear, longer than the tube. Filaments long, filiform: anthers linear-oblong. Oen.
pubescent on the apex, somewhat turbinateand 4-angled, Style bearded between the stigma (H. eem
&c.), or glabrous ( H. capitellata, &c.), shorter than the stamens, C. dry, coriaceous, with the
compressed and protruded beyond the tube of the calyx, splitting at the apex (and there only) t soll
ly to the dissepiment. Seeds numerous.—T wining suffruticose plants, usually glabrous, sometimes psi
t. Stipules connected into a loose truncated cup, with a single longish cuspidate TAS
middle on each side. Flowers shortly pedicelled and corymbose (H. scandens, Roxb. all. |
939; H. volubilis, Br. in Wall.! L. n. 840; and H. polycarpa, Br. in Wall.! L. n. 838), Or eri
(H. capitellata, Br. in Wall. ! L. n. 837; and H. mollis, Wall, ! L. n. 859), arranged In
subterminal corymbs or panicles. :

Hepyotis. . RUBIACE XE. — A

§ 1. Calyx-limb cup-shaped, with 4 short triangular erect teeth : disk on the apex of
the ovary glabrous : epicarp rather succulent: cocci bony, opening on their inner
face. Inflorescence a kind of panicle.

1247. (1) H. (D.) Lawsonie (W. & A.:) shrubby, glabrous: branches 4-
angled : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, petioled ; nerves
few and distant, curved: stipules deciduous, triangular-ovate, acuminated,
the point thickened and glandular-lobed ; the margin entire : panicle spread-
ing: calyx-limb cup-shaped, 4-toothed: corolla externally glabrous, villous
on the mouth and on the segments: filaments slightly protruded: style con-
siderably protruded: capsule obovate, dicoccous.—W endelandia Lawsonie,
DC. prod. 4. p. 413.—Lawsonia purpurea, Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 107.—Rheed.
Mal. 4. t. 57. Cochin in Malabar; Rheede.

Our specimens, from Ceylon, agree so exactly in almost every particular
with Rheede's figure and description, that we have no doubt of their identity
as species.

1249. (2) H. (D.) stylosa (Brown:) shrubby, glabrous: branches some-
what terete or obtusely 4-angled : leaves from oval to oblong-lanceolate, acu-
minated at both ends, petioled; the nerves on the under side strong, armed,
slightly branched: stipules somewhat permanent, triangular-ovate ; their
margin pectinately pinnatifid, the segments long, filiform, hirsute : panicle
spreading: calyx-limb cup-shaped, 4-toothed: corolla externally glabrous,
villous in the mouth on the segments: filaments considerably protruded :
style much protruded: capsule ovoid, dicoccous.—Brown in Wail.! L. n.
853; Wight ! cat. n. 1290.—H. Leschenaultii, «, DC.? prod. 4. p. 422.——
Neelgherries. :

The filaments vary considerably on the same specimen, but are m general
considerably elongated. "There is, however, a remarkable structure which we
have observed in H. macrostemon, Hook. and Arn., H. wmbellata, H. Leschen-
aultii, and some others, that, in the flowers where the filaments are elongated,
the style is short, and in those with a long style the filaments are short: but
whether this be constantly the case, or what may be the cause of it, will yet
require careful examination on living plants: in D. stylosa, however short the
filaments be, the style seems to be protruded. Our principal doubts about
De Candolle’s synonym arises from his description of the stipules, and from
bringing under it, as a variety, the very distinct H. scandens, Wall. (H. volu-
bilis, Br., but not, as far as we can see, really distinct from Roxburgh’s
plant); but, on the other hand, we have not seen any species from the Neel-
gherries that approaches so closely to De Candolle’s description as the pre- _

sent one. It is possible, however, that Leschenault (from whom De Candolle —

obtained it) may have obtained the specimens from the Caleutta Botanic
Garden, that the station given is incorrect, and that his plant is either H.
scandens or H. volubilis.

1249. (3) H. (D.) articularis (Brown :) shrubby, glabrous : branches terete
or obscurely 4-angled: leaves approximated sessile, narrow, oblong-lanceo-
late with the margins recurved, coriaceous, minutely papillose ; nerves on the
under side striseform, close, simple: stipules ovate-lanceolate, the opposite ones
connate at the base ; the margins divided into several filiform rigi segments :
panicle coarctate : calyx-limb cup-shaped, 4-toothed : corolla externally pu-

rulous, villous in the mouth and on the segments: filaments protruded ;
anthers oblong-linear: style scarcely longer than the tube of the corolla : cap-
sule oblong-obovate, dicoccous.—Brown in Wall.! L.n. 854; Wight! cat. n.
1291.— Neelgherries. : :

The leaves appear minutely papillose, and as if scabrous under the micro-
. Scope, but are not at all scabrous to the touch.

408 RUBIACEX. | Hepyotis. | |

S 2. Calyz-limb deeply A-cleft ; segments lanceolate with their apices recurved when
in fruit : disk of the ovary pubescent or hairy: epicarp rather dry : cocci between
bony and crustaceous, opening on their inner face. Flowers corymbose.

1250. (4) H. (D.) frutieosa (Linn.:) somewhat shrubby, glabrous: leaves
petioled, oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the apex, acuminated at the base,
with numerous line-like simple nearly straight nerves: stipules triangular-
ovate, cuspidate, with small gland-like teeth along the margin: flowers co-
tymbose ; corymb about 5-rayed, with two small leaves at its base: calyx-
limb deeply 4-cleft ; segments linear-lanceolate, in fruit erect with the points
bent outwards: corolla externally glabrous, bearded in the mouth : filaments
at length exserted : capsule oblong, dicoccous.—Lam. ill. t. 62. f. 1 ?—H. ca-
pitellata, Wall. L. n. 837. b, c ( p. 213).—Burm. Zeyl. t. 107.—« ; calyx, fruit,
and rays of the corymb glabrous.— Wight! cat.n. 1292.—5 ; calyx, fruit, and
rays of the corymb hispid with short spreading hairs.— Wight! cat. n. 1292. b.

The specimens distributed by Dr Wallich, as n. 837, b, do not correspond
to that letter at p. 213, but to ** 2, Penang,” at p. 24 of his List: both b and
c at p. 213 were named by the missionaries H. fruticosa, and our specimens
are from the same source. In our specimen of z, the filaments are very con-
spicuous ; in that of £ they are very short, but we are inclined to refer that
difference to the different state of the blossoms we have examined.

1251. (5) H. (D.) pruinosa (W. & A.:) somewhat shrubby : stems terete
and branches angled, glabrous: leaves petioled, oblong-lanceolate, acuml-
nated at both ends, glabrous, with several (not numerous) line-like slightly -
curved nerves: stipules pinnatifid, the segments filiform: flowers in muc

, branched terminal panicled trichotomous corymbs ; their branches, with the
calyx and corolla minutely pubescent: calyx-limb 4-partite ; segments ob-
long-laneeolate, in fruit recurved: corolla hairy in the mouth: filaments
Short?: capsule densely covered with’ short pruinose somewhat mealy pu-
_ bescence, dicoccous,—2; ; stipules short (roundish-ovate) ; capsules shortly
turbinate.— Wight! cat. n. 1293.—H. corymbosa, herb. Madr. ! (not Sm., nor
Old. corymbosa, Linn.); Wall! L. n. 6202, a.—58 ; stipules elongated (ob- .
long-lanceolate) ; capsule nearly globose.— Wight! cat. n. 1293, b.—H. co-
rymbosa, Wall.! L. n. 6202, b. :

In the very few corollas we have found on our specimens, the filaments

were short and inconspicuous ; but in others they may be perhaps elongated.

§ 3. Calyz-limb 4-partile ; segments lanceolate or long-linear, spreading or recurved
when T fruit: epicarp dry: cocci crustaceous or slightly bony, opening at length
on their inner face. Flowers capitate, sessile, terminal or axillary.

1252. (6) H. macrophylla (Wall.:) stems stout, acutely 4-angled, glabrous:
leaves petioled, oval, slightly pointed at both ends; upper side scabrous,
under slightly puberulous particularly on the nerves: flowers axillary, very
crowded and forming dense globose sessile heads in the axils of the leaves
and about half the length of the petioles: fruit obovoid, crowned with the —
spreading segments of the calyx, and with them hispidly pubescent, dicoccous.
$315). ! L. n. 841.—H. nodiflora, Wall. L. n. 855 (according to Wall. |. €.
p. :

As we have not seen the specimen from the Madras herbarium united to
this plant by Dr Wallich, we have taken our description from one in
Hooker's herbarium from Pulo-Penang: it is destitute of flowers, 5° that we
are a little uncertain about its affinities; we have brought it here principally
from the dehiscence of the capsule.—To this subsection belongs H. uncinella,
Hook. and Arn.! in Bot. Beech. voy. p. 192, and H. cephalophora, Brown. —
Wall.! L. n. 842, if indeed this last, from Silhet, be really a distinct species — —
from the former. vé

CH — RUBIACEX. | | 409

1253. (7) H. verticillaris (Wall.?:) glabrous: leaves (upper ones) linear-
lanceolate, opposite or with a few of the uppermost ones verticillate: sti-
pules (to the opposite leaves) lanceolate, with a few bristle-shaped teeth
along the margin, especially near the point: flowers sessile, capitate and ter-
minal, or verticillate in the axils of the verticillated leaves; heads, when in
the axils of the opposite leaves, peduncled: calyx-segments long, linear-
lanceolate, longer than the tube of the corolla: corolla widely infundibuli-
form, hairy in the throat and along the base of the lobes: stamens much ex-
serted : style short; stigma of two thickish segments.—Wall.? L. n. 6188;
Wight! cat. n. 1367.

Dr Wallich mentions that his H. verticillaris was sent him by Dr Wight as
a species of Coccocypselum : the specimen now before us, (a solitary and very
imperfect one, and which we have faithfully described above), bears however
no such corresponding name, and hence have arisen our doubts about the
synonym: similar specimens, however, to ours were sent to Dr Wallich, and
we do not see any other name in his List under which they can have been

introduced.

Secr. 2. Calyx-limb 4-partite or 4-toothed: segments or teeth when in fruit
erect or recurved, distant and with the sinus wide. Corolla narrow-in-
fundibuliform or short-tubular, glabrous or slightly hairy on the inside :
segments ovate, shorter than the tube. Filaments exserted or very
short : anthers oblong-linear, exserted. Ovary pubescent or glabrous on
the apex. Style glabrous. Capsule dry, crustaceous or somewhat co-
riaceous, more or less compressed, with the apex protruded beyond the
calyx, more or less emarginate, splitting transversely to the dissepiment.
Seeds few (1-8) in each cell, black, thin, scrobieulate (dotted as on a
thimble).—Ascending or diffuse herbaceous or suffrutescent plants, ge-
nerally turning blackish by drying, usually more or less hairy ; all or
some of the hairs often thick, soft, flat, and as if jointed. Stipules
usually divided into several bristle-like but not rigid segments. In-
florescence usually lax, 1-3 or many-flowered, exterminal or axillary.—

Anotis, DC.

This group is principally distinguished by its few-seeded capsules. We are un-
certain fallof De Candolle’s mm Anotis — it or not, but some of his spe-
cies certainly do. To our first subsection we are disposed to refer Anotis n ;

‘De Candolle, although with solitary axillary flowers ; and also H. caly linis 3
L. n. 878, from its resemblance to H. Rheedei : to the second appear to belong i
ingrata, Wall. L. n. 863, H. stipulata, Br. in Wall. ! L. n. 6195, and Arise Ti
species in Dr Hooker's herbarium (H. Lindleyana, Hook.) with the Sor : T
sessile, and forming small peduncled or sessile terminal or axillary mapt id
haps also, although differing from the others by its almost coriaceous | soto Sen
being nearly glabrous, H. urophylla, Wall.! L. n. 6197, ought to be einig Miner

at the specimens of all of these, which we have seen, are much too impe r
mit of us ascertaining their affinities with any degree of precision:

8 1. Capsule semicircular, emarginate, loculicidal, splitting to the base,

1254. (8) H. (A.) Rheedei (W. & A.:) herbaceous, appending paons:
. leaves oval, obtuse or acute, acuminated at the base into a ^ jo iio forka.

peduncles dichotomous, with a solitary shortly pee, aver ios Mr ly
calyx 4-toothed ; teeth short, triangular: corolla -— : I fos ie erdt
glabrous on the inside: anthers oblong-linear: ovary wit 1 z gyal about
cell: capsule didymous, compressed, encircled b pi ca dpa e ong
the middle, free from the calyx in its upper half, sp em pi - 1294. —
seeded ; the valves divaricating : seeds ae menm.

| Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 25 (pretty good).

410 RUBIACE E. Hepyotis.

The ovary coheres with the whole tube of the calyx, projecting slightly
above it and then free, slightly 2-lobed, 2-celled, with 4 ovules: the ovules are —
apparently attached by their base to near the bottom of the cell. Style filiform ;

i bifid ; segments short-linear, recurved. Seeds thin, cup-shaped, at-
ed by their base, two in each cell, with the concave sides next each other,
and so approximated as at first to resemble one globose seed. Albumen hor-
ny. Embryo linear in the middle of the axis. We have only been able to
examine one flower on the unique specimen in Dr Wight's herbarium, and
that in the state of bud and exceedingly minute: the filaments were very
short, but perhaps become longer during flowering. Dr Wight’s specimen is
about 8 inches high, that figured by Rheede about 4 inches.

$ 2. Capsule somewhat orbicular, much compressed, marked with a deep furrow on
each side, dehiscing at the apex within the calyz-limb, and then at maturity only :
seeds 2, thin-lenticular, attached to the stalked small placenta from the middle of
the dissepiments ; the one erect, the other pendulous ; one of them occasionally
abortive.

1255. (9) H. (A.) Wightiana (Wall.:) herbaceous, diffuse, hairy ; hairs
short, flattish, jointed: stems rooting near the base, 4-angled: leaves ovate
or oval, usually slightly acute, short-petioled : stipules entire, with a longish
linear point: flowers small, somewhat capitate, heads terminal o7 axillary,
sessile: capsule compressed, crowned with the erect teeth of the calyx, 4
seeded.—z'; small, stems about 3 or 4 inches long, leaves 4-5 lines long.—
Wight! cat. n. 1299.—Hedyotis Wightiana, Wall.! L. n. 6194.—8; larger,
stems about a foot long, leaves from 8 lines to an inch long.—Spermacoce
compressa, Wall.! L. n. 6187. z; Neelgherries.

The stems of our var. £ (from Silhet) appear compressed only by the pro-
cess of drying ; the four angles may be observed their whole length.

83. Capsule coriaceous, slightly compressed, splitting only at the apex, and there as
if 2-lipped : seeds convex on the outside, concave on the other, and there marked
with a linear ridge.

1256. (10) H. (A.) monosperma (W. & A.:) herbaceous, procumbent,
rooting : stems and branches slender, glabrous below, hairy towards the ex-
tremities : leaves petioled with the petioles more than one-half the length of
the limb, deltoid-ovate, acute ; upper side thickly under thinly sprinkle
with flat jointed hairs: stipules with 2-4 hairy bristles on each side: corymbs
somewhat terminal, simple, small, few-flowered : corolla shortly infundibuli-
form, the tube about twice the length of the calyx-segments: capsule com-
pressed-globose, crowned with the distant spreading calyx-teeth ; seeds soli-
tary! in each cell.—Wight ! cat. n. 1295. Neelgherries, growing among
Inoss. ;

The albumen is fleshy : embryo terete. Seed always solitary, very convex
on the back, slightly concave in front.

1257. (11) H. (A.) deltoidea (W. & A.:) herbaceous, procumbent: stems
flexuose: petioles and inflorescence glabrous: leaves deltoid-ovate, acute,
tapering a little at the base into a petiole about a third of the length of the
limb: upper sides sprinkled with short flat jointed hairs, under pale, very
sparingly sprinkled with hairs particularly on the nerves: bristles of the sti-
pules about 2 on each side, much shorter than the petioles: corymbs termi-
nal, peduncled, trichotomous : calyx-segments oblong, enlarged after flower-
ing: corolla infundibuliform ; tube slender, 4-5 times longer than the one
limb: filaments considerably exserted.— Wight! eat. n. 1296.—— Dindygu'
mountains. - ;

We have not seen the fruit. The stems appear almost suffrutescent at the —

‘Hepyotis. : RUBIACE Æ. ATI

base. From its great affinity with the two next, we are not disposed to place
much dependence-on the elongation of the filaments.

1258. (12) H. (A.) afinis (W. & A.:) herbaceous, procumbent, rooting :
stems flexuose, branched, or villous particularly near the extremities: hairs
on the branches and leaves flat and jointed: leaves deltoid-ovate, acute, ta-
pering slightly at the base into a petiole about one-third of the length of the
limb, sprinkled with hairs on both sides, paler on the under: bristles of the
stipules 2-4 on each side, much shorter than the petioles: corymbs shortly
hirsute, terminal, peduncled, trichotomous: calyx-segments cuneate-lanceo-
late, becoming larger and somewhat foliaceous immediately after flowering:
corolla infundibuliform ; tube slender, 4-5 times longer than the calyx-seg-
ments: filaments exserted and the style short, or filaments short and the
style elongated: capsule with 6-8 seeds in each cell.— Wight! cat. n. 1297.
— —Dindygul mountains.

1259. (13) H. (A.) Leschenaultiana (W. & A.:) herbaceous, rooting at
the base: stems long, little branched, straggling, villous or hairy particularly
towards the extremities: hairs on the branches and leaves flat and jointed:
leaves broadly ovate, acuminated, acute, obtuse or somewhat cordate at the
base, shortly petioled or sessile; upper side sprinkled with hairs, under vil-
lous or hairy : bristles of the stipules 2-6 on each side, longer than the sheath-

. ing portion and than the petioles: corymbs hirsute, terminal, peduncled,
trichotomous : calyx-segments oblong, becoming larger cuneate-lanceolate
and somewhat foliaceous after flowering: corolla infundibuliform, often hairy ;
tube slender, 4-5 times longer than the calyx-limb: filaments exserted or
Short: style short or exserted: capsule with 6-8 seeds in each cell.— Wight !
cat. n. 1998. —Putoria Indica, DC.? prod. 4. p. 577——Dindygul mountains.
Neelgherries. : :

A much larger and stouter species than any of the former ; it varies so very
much in hairiness that we had almost combined it with the two preceding
into one species, and perhaps we had acted more correctly if we had done so.
Whether as varieties or species, they may be distinguished from each other
by the following short characters :—H. deltoidea ; stems and corymbs gla-
brons :—H. affinis; stems and corymbs hairy, leaves small, acute at the base,
stipularly bristles small :—H. Leschenaultiana ; stems and corymbs hairy,
leaves usually pretgy large, obtuse or retuse at the base, stipularly bristles
elongated. We yeesess numerous specimens of the last, and but few of the
two former, whi#h makes us speak cautiously of their merits as species. The
two last exhibit the remarkable variation of length in both the filaments and
style noticed under H. stylosa.

Secr. 3. Calyx-limb 4-partite ; segments in fruit spreading, with the sinus
scarcely acute. Corolla short, tubular; tube scarcely ever exceeding
and often shorter than the calyx-segments. Fruit globose, very small,
hard and nut-like; the apex within the calyx cireular, very shortly
pointed with the permanent base of the style, scarcely dehiscing, and
only in maturity. Seeds several, often few, in each cell.—Suffrutescent
plants with deeumbent spreading branches. Leaves marked beneath
with simple line-like nerves. Stipules with one or several bristles. In-
florescence small, axillary, corymbose or capitate, peduncled or sessile.
— Euhedyotis.

i ia, Li belongs to this section.

ur e Marin imi e vele nd a i a othe, that we have not
served it in any one specimen in our Rerbarium : is the eapsule really indehiscent?

or is the dehiscence, as we suspect, septicidal? The inflorescence, although con-

siderably variable, scarcely presents sufficient characters for a subdivision. To the
more lax kind, P "far as e vit judge from the imperfect materials we have seen,

412 RUBIACEX. - Hzpvorte.

belong H, ulmifolia, Wall.! L. n. 862, H. subcarnosa, Wall.! L. n. 860 (perhaps iden-
tical with the preceding), H. glabra, Br. in Wall.! L. n. 848 (Knozia glabra, DC.,
or Spermacoce pie oxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1116), and H~ vestita, Br. in Wall.!
L. n. 847: to the more compact, H. costata, Br. in Wall.! L. n. 849, and H. nervosa,
Lam?, Wall.! L. n. 857. We have not seen the flowers of H. congesta, Br. in Wall.
L. n. 844; the inflorescence is compact, axillary and sessile, and in that respect, as
well as in the indurated base of the style, agrees with the present section; but the
fruit is obovoid, slightly TI and splits into two hard bony nuts, in which we have
not observed any trace of a loculicidal opening at the apex; the stipules are as in
our first section.

1260. (14) H. auricularia (Linn.:) stems or branches simple, 4-angled,
hirsute towards the extremities and under the joints, otherwise usually gla-
brous: leaves nearly sessile, ovate-lanceolate, acute, glabrous ; under side
strongly marked with the prominent more or less pubescent nerves: stipules
with several bristles: flowers axillary, nearly sessile, erówded and somewhat
verticillate, scarcely exceeding the stipules: capsule spherical, glabrous,
crowned with the spreading lanceolate calyx-segments.— DC. prod. 4. p. 420 ;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 412; Wight! cat. n. 1300.—H. hirsuta, Lam. enc. meth. 3.
p. 79.—H. lineata, Wall! L. n. 6198 (not Rowb.).—Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 32
(good); Burm. Zeyl. t. 108. f. 1 (bad). Travancore. Malabar.

H. auricularia of Roxburgh appears by his description and Dr Wallich’s
observations to be the same as H. hispida, Roxb. (Wall. L. n. 845), and pro-
bably also of Retz.

Sect. 4. Calyx 4-partite ; segments in fruit erect, converging, rigid, with the
sinus very acute. Corolla short-tubular, scarcely longer than the calyx-
segments. Capsule ovate, dry, dehiscing at the apex within the calyx
transversely to the dissepiment. Seeds several, sometimes few.—Her-
baceous or suffrutescent plants with the habit of Spermacoce. Stipules |.

. with several rather rigid bristles. Leaves usually scabrous particularly -

. Rear the margins. Flowers nearly sessile, usually in the axils of the

. leaves, rarely in dichotomous leafy corymbs.—Sceleromitrion.

This sectio: i i b
Dee aion b Be aaia hri a
species, however, does not belong to it. To it may be referred H. hispida, Wall.! —
L. n. 845, H. angustifolia, Cham. and Schlect. (from which H. pinifolia, Wall. ! L.

n. 850. does not appear to differ), H. 3 ! E vimata,
Br. in Wall. ! L. n. 852, and Ped. — ni "PEE

1261. (15) H. (S.) nitida (W. &. A.:) diffuse: branches somewhat simple;
elongated, 4-angled, glabrous, slightly scabrous on the angles: leaves oblong- — —
lanceolate, acuminated at both ends, nearly sessile ; upper side shining, SCà- —
brous: stipules with numerous longish rigid bristles : flowers sessile, usually —
coL es mee ipe so long as the stipular bristles: capsule eme :
crowned wi e rigid converging sh i ili ents 0
calyx.— Wight ! cat. n. 1301. ET diaper of :

H. approximata, Brown, principally differs by the much narrower leaves,
and more numerous flowers in their axils,

_1262. (16) H. (S.) eerulea (W. & A.:) annual, branched from the root,
diffuse: leaves setaceous, bristle-pointed : stipules with several bristles :
flowers nearly sessile, arranged in axillary or terminal peduncled sparingly
dichotomous leafy corymbs ; lower ones solitary in the forkings of the co- —
rymbs, upper ones approximated and somewhat capitate : capsule glabrous,
nearly globose, crowned with the lanceolate rigid erect calyx-segments-—
Wight! cat. n. 1302.——Munargoody, (a village in Tanjore, between 30 and
"EE from Negapatam), in the moist soil of the edge of a tank among

uy '
A very remarkable species, with somewhat the habit of H. umbellata ;.—

Hasvons ` RUBIACER. E

it is not, that we know of, noticed in Dr Wallich's List ; the flowers are blue.
It bears the native name of Vashap-pilloo or Poison-grass.

Sect. 5. Calyx 4-partite or 4-toothed, segments in fruit erect, usually distant
with the sinus obtuse, sometimes forming a slightly acute angle with
each other but not converging. Corolla short-tubular, infundibuliform,
or somewhat rotate. Capsule roundish-ovate, turbinate, or oval, usual-
ly dry and crustaceous. sometimes coriaceous, compressed at the apex,
and there dehiscing readily transversely to the dissepiment. Seeds nu-
merous, minute.— Usually herbaceous, very rarely suffruticose plants.—
Oldenlandia, Linn.

^ $ l. Corolla rotate: anthers linear-oblong: stigma thick, deeply 2-cleft, the lobes re-
curved: capsule globose, crustaceous, not angled. Suffruticose : leaves linear,
somewhat verticillate : flowers while, in a peduncled short-roundish slightly com-
pound raceme.

1263. (17) H. (O) umbellata (Lam. :) suffruticose, erect or diffuse, slightly
scabrous: leaves opposite or verticillate, linear, paler on the under side,
margin recurved: stipules ciliated with bristles: peduncles alternate, axilla-
ry, bearing a short raceme ; partial peduncles 1-3-flowered: capsule globose
with a wide dehiscence.— Lam. ill. n. 1429; Spr. syst. 1. p. 413; Wall.! L.
n. 871; Wight! cat. n. 1303.—H. hispida, Roth, nov. sp. p. 95.—H. Indica,
Roem. and Sch. syst. 3. p. 195.—Oldenlandia umbellata, Linn.; DC. prod. 4.
p. 426; Roxb. Cor. 1. t£. 85 fl. Ind. 1. p. 421; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 442.— Pluk. t.
119. f. 4.

The stamens and style vary much in length and inversely to each other.

8 2. Corolla rotate ; tube short and gibbous, the mouth closed with hair : stamens in-
serted on and inclosed within the tube, anthers globose: style stout, somewhat
spindle-shaped : stigma no thicker than the style : ovary acutely A-angled : capsule
shortly turbinate, with two acute angles or wings: seeds globose, numerous, scro-
biculate. Diffuse or erect, annual or biennial branched herbaceous glabrous
plants: branches 4-angled: leaves broad, somewhat fleshy: flowers white.

1264, (18) H. (O.) alata (Koen.:) annual, glabrous: leaves narrow-ob-
long, slightly acute, tapering at the base: flowers short-pedicelled, 1-3 in
the alternate axils, and upon a terminal naked common peduncle: limb of
the calyx in fruit widely cup-shaped, 4-lobed ; lobes roundish-ovate, acute,
in fruit with the sinus rather acute-angled: capsule shortly turbinate, with |
two broadish membranous wings, and two narrower ones, decurrent from the
points of the calyx-lobes to the middle of the pedicel.—Aoen. in Wall.! L. —
n. 6196 (not Rozb.); Wight! cat. n. 1304.—Gonotheca Blumei, DC.? prod. -
4. p. 429. Circars.

1265. (19) H. (O.) biflora (Br.:) annual or biennial, glabrous: leaves el-
inai ae he pÊ the base: flowers pedicelled, 2-3 together on
longish alternate axillary or terminal peduncles: limb of the calyx deeply 4-
cleft; segments triangular-acuminated, in fruit with the sinus rounded: capsule
shortly turbinate, with two prominent sharp keels and two less prominent
from the apex of the teeth to its base—Brown in Wall.! L. n. 879; Wight!
cat. n. 1305.—Oldenlandia biflora, Linn. (according to Brown.)

This is exactly intermediate between H. alata and the following: from the
former it differs by the want of the membranous wings on the capsule, and
by the limb of the calyx more deeply divided: from the latter, by the larger
size of the capsule and much less branched inflorescence. We have some
doubts to which Old. paniculata, Roxb. fl. Ind. (O. radicans, Roxb. in E. I. C.
à 4 ,

414 RUBIACE A. Hroni

mus. tab, 1343) may belong: the inflorescence is more that of O. biflora,
while in the size of the fruit it resembles O. racemosa: we are most inclined
to refer it to the latter.

1266. (20) H. (O.) racemosa (Lam. :) annual or biennial, diffuse, gla-
brous: leaves elliptic oblong, or lanceolate, obtuse or acute, attenuated at
the base: flowers pedicelled, disposed in long-peduncled naked alternate-
axillary and terminal racemes ; the partial peduncles 1-3 flowered: limb of
the calyx 4-partite ; segments triangular-ovate, acute, in fruit distant with |
the sinus wide: capsule shortly turbinate, slightly marked with 4 acute de-
current angles—Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 76. ill. t. f. 2; Spr. syst. 1. p. 413;
Wall.! L. n. 875 ; Wight! cat. n. 1306.—Oldenlandia alata, Rob. fl. Ind. 1.
p. 421; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 442 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 547 ; DC.2 prod. 4. p. 421.
—O. paniculata, Linn.? ; DC. ? l. e——Cirears. Tanjore, frequent in moist
rich soil.

This varies greatly in size and general appearance: it is, as far as our ob-
servations go, always diffuse and procumbent, but when supported by bushes,
&c. it grows to a great length, sometimes 3-4 feet. Gerontegea racemosa,
Cham. ! in Linnea, 4. p. 154, as to the specimens from Radack, is quite dis-
tinct from our plant; it seems more allied to Roxburgh’s Old. ramosa (in E.
I. C. mus. tab. 1946). We have not seen the Linnean specimen of Old. pa-
niculata, and therefore retain the name given by Lamarck, the more as We
feel certain that Mr Brown would have restored the Linnæan one in Wallich's
List had it really belonged to this species. Old. paniculata, Burm. Ind. t. 15.
f. 1, is perhaps different from either, but the figure is very bad.

§ 3. Corolla tubular or rotate, scarcely longer than the calya-segments : stamens in-
serted on the mouth of the tube: anthers oval : style slender: stigma bifid, with
the segments recurved: capsule crustaceous, usually globose, rarely turbinate-ob-
long. Annual herbaceous plants, with usually narrow or rarely broad leaves.

1267. (21) H. (0.) trinervia (Roem. & Sch. :) herbaceous, branched, pro-
cumbent, rooting near the base: stems slender, from glabrous to slightly
iry : leaves petioled, roundish ovate or oval, glabrous, sprinkled with a few
hairs on the margin, somewhat 3-nerved : stipules slightly hairy, bipartite,
segments acuminated: flowers shortly pedicelled, usually in pairs (1-4) in
the axils of the leaves : corolla rotate, 4-partite, glabrous within ; tube scarce-
ly any: capsule hirsutely villous, crowned with the remote calycine teeth.—
; and Schult. 3. p. 197 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 413; Wight! cat. n. 1307.—H-
rotundifolia, Spr. pug. 2. p. 33; ‘DC. prod. 4. p. 420.—H. serpyllifolia, Poir-
enc. meth. suppl. 3. p- 14; DC. l.c. p. 421.—H. orbiculata. Wall.! L. n. 6191. '
Oldenlandia trinervia, Retz, obs, 4. p. 23.—O. repens, Burm. Ind. p. 88. t. 15.
J. 2 (bad).—Damp soil under the shade of hedges, &c.

We have compared this with speeimens from the Mauritius, and do not
perceive any difference. Perhaps Old. depressa, Willd., belongs to this spe-
cies, but the description of the leaves does not correspond so well as to those
of Peplidium cochlearifolium, Sm. (Old. maritima, Linn.) :: Willdenow never
saw the flower, and the figure in Rheede to which he refers is Port
quadrifida. |

1268. (22) H. (O.) pumila (Linn. :) annual, diffuse, glabrous or slightly
scabrous: leaves from elliptic-oblong to oblong-lanceolate, attenuated at the
base into a short petiole: peduncles solitary, axillary, alternate, either a
the length of the leaves and 1-flowered, or about half the length of the leaves
and with two pedicellate flowers, the peduncles and pedicels together some-
what longer than the leaves: corolla shortly tubular, hairy in the mouth: ca-
lyx-segments triangular-acuminated, in fruit slightly spreading and se;
by a rather acute angle: capsule turbinate-oblong, compressed.—Linn. suppl.
p. 119; Spr. syst. 1. p. 412; Wall.! L.n. 6200: Wight ! cat. n. 1308.

—Ol- a .

Hepyoris. RUBIACEE. 415

denlandia pumila, DC. prod. 4. p. 425.—0O. crystallina, Roxb. fl. Ind. p. 422 ;
(ed Wail.) 1. p. 443 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1117 ; DC. l. c. p. 426.— —Chingle-
put, near Madras. Guzzlehette Pass. Trevalore, near Negapatam.

We have the same species from Java, so that it is probably widely distri-
buted throughout India.

1269. (23) H. (O.) intermedia (W. & A.:) annual or biennial, diffuse, gla-
brous or slightly scabrous: leaves linear-lanceolate, tapering at both ends:
peduncles solitary, axillary, alternate, 1-2-flowered, with the pedicels short-
er than the leaves: corolla shortly tubular: calyx-segments in fruit some-
what subulate, distant with the sinus wide: capsule glabrous, shortly turbi-
nate-oblong, or roundish-turbinate.— Wight! cat. n. 1309.—H. Burmanniana,
Wall. L. n. 868. h.

We have presumed to separate this species from the next, principally on
account of its capsule not being gibbous at the base as in the following. In
Dr Wight's specimens the capsule is almost hemispherical; but in others
transmitted by the late Dr Shuter of Madras to Dr Hooker, and preserved in
his herbarium, it is almost as long as in H. pumila. From H. pumila it is

readily distinguished by its leaves as well as by remoteness of the calyx-seg—

ment; and from H. Burmanniana by the shorter branches, and the capsule
widening upwards from the base to the crown: it is thus precisely interme-
diate. It appears also to be allied closely to H. alsinefolia, Br., in Wall. !
L. n. 873, but in that species the peduncles bear a short few-flowered raceme
instead of merely two flowers.

1270. (24) H. (0.) Burmanniana (Br.:) annual, diffuse, glabrous or sea-
brous: branches elongated: leaves linear or linear-lanceolate, tapering at
both ends: peduncles solitary, axillary, alternate, shorter than the leaves, 1—
3-flowered : corolla shortly tubular: calyx-segments in fruit somewhat subu-
late, distant with the sinus wide: capsule glabrous, roundish-ovate (gibbous
at the base, and narrower towards the crown).—Br. in Wall. ! L.n.9868;
Wight! cat. n. 1310.—H. biflora, Lam. illn. 1427 ; Roth, nov. sp. p. 92.—
H. diffusa, Willd. sp. 1. p. 566 (according to Cham.).—Oldenlandia biflora,
Lam. enc. meth. 4. p. 533 (not Linn.) ; DC. prod. 4. p. 426 ; Roxb. ft. Ind. 1.
p. 422 ; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 445; in E. T. C. mus. tab. 1342.—Gerontegea biflora,
Cham. and Schl. in Linnea, 4. p. 155.—Burm. Zeyl. 22. t. 11 (fig. and deser.
of flower bad) ; Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 35. sn:

The flowers in the same specimen are sometimes solitary, sometimes m
pairs, and sometimes in threes on the peduncles. The length likewise of the
peduncle is very variable ; in some specimens it is scarcely longer than the
petiole, in which case it is always, we believe, 1-flowered, as is the case with
Wall. L. n. 868. a!, which we presume to have been examined and named
by Brown ; perhaps ‘from this cireumstance, as De Candolle has $
Old. diffusa, Roxb. (O. paucifiora, Roxb. in. E. I. C. mus. tab. 1341), ought to
be united with the present species; the flowers, however, are represented
much larger than any we have seen. In Roxburgh's drawing of his O. biflora,
the peduncles are all 2-flowered ; so that there may have been some mis-
take in Dr Wallich’s referring Roxburgh's herbarium specimen of that plant
to O. Heynei; Brown refers it to H. Burmanniana, From the imperfect
specimen we have seen (in Dr Hooker's herbarium) we can scarcely point
out any character between Old. tenuifolia, Forst., and the state of our plant
which has 1-flowered peduncles.

1271. (25) H. O. brachiata (Wight :) annual, more or less scabrous, branch-
ed at the base: branches erect or ascending, short, somewhat simple : leaves
narrow linear or subulate, rigid, mucronate, the margins recurved : flowers
longish pedicelled, arranged singly or in pairs in terminal (or from the upper
axils) lax naked racemes: corolla tubular: capsule crowned with the. s-
tant teeth of the calyx, shortly hemispherical or somewhat — Wight !
in Wall.! L. n. 6201 (partly) ; cat. n. 1311.— Pluk. t. ^ f. 2 ? (bad).

416 |... RUBIACE. Hepyors, |

The placent: are oval, and attached by stalks to near the bottom of the
dissepiment.

1272. (26) H. (O.) nudicaulis (W. & A.:) annual with a filiform root :
leaves 4—5, all radical, roundish ovate, slightly attenuated at the base, sessile,
sprinkled with short hairs particularly on the margin and nerves underneath :
seapes 2-3, slender, scabrous from close short fuscous hairs, bearing each
about the middle a lax corymbose spreading 3-4-chotomous panicle ; pedi-
cels bristle-shaped, glabrous: corolla with a very short tube, bearded in the
throat with white hairs: capsule somewhat globose.—Oldenlandia medicau-
- Roth, nov. sp. p. 90 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 446.—H. scapigera, Br. ? in Wall.!

. n. 881.

84. Corolla infundibuliform : tube slender, about twice the length of the calyx-seg-
ments or shorter, segments of the limb much shorter than the tube : anthers oval,
in the throat of the tube, exserted or somewhat included: style slender : stigma 3
bifid; segments recurved: capsule crustaceous, ewhat globose. Annual or *
biennial herbaceous plants with usually narrow leaves and slender pedicels.

1273. (27) H. (0.) Heynei (Br.:) annual or biennial, erect or decumbent
with erect branches, dichotomous, glabrous: stems sometimes terete at the
base, above and the branches acutely 4-angled: leaves linear or linear-lan-
ceolate: stipules with several short bristles, or often truncated and naked:
pedicels 1-flowered, axillary, solitary or in pairs, in the opposite or alternate
axils, shorter than the leaves, 4-8-times longer than the fruit, rigid : calyx-
segments in fruit distant with the sinus wide, from triangular-acuminated and
small to oblong-lanceolate and elongated: corolla infundibuliform : anthers
somewhat included : capsule roundish-ovate, gibbous at the base, crusta-
ceous, opening with a very elevated compressed widely dehiscent ridge across
the apex, lips of the opening erect.—Br. in Wall.! L. n.867 ; Wight! cat. n.
1312 —H. herbacea, Willd. sp. 1. p.666 (not Linn. according to Brown); Spr.
syst. 1. p. 412 ; Roth, nov. sp. p. 92.—Oldenlandia herbacea Roxb. fl. Ind. 1.
p. 424; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 445; DC. prod. 4. p. 425.—O. dichotoma, Roxb. in —
E. I. C. mus. tab. 546.—0O. asperule, DC.? I. c.—Rheed. Mal. 10. t. 29;
Pluk. t. 130. f. 3?

Had Mr Brown not declared the Linnsean H. herbacea to be distinct, we
would have followed other botanists in considering the present to be that
plant : in those specimens which have the calycine teeth enlarged; the leaves
also are broader and with the margin slightly undulated. Plunkenet's t. 125.
f. 5, may perhaps represent a narrow-leaved specimen of this species taken
from the summit of a branch, where often the leaves become small and al-
most abortive.

1274. (28) H. (O.) dichotoma (Koen. :) annual, erect or decumbent with
erect branches; branches slightly 4-angled, scabrous on the angles: leaves
linear, attenuated at both ends, flaccid: stipules usually with 2-3 bristles, -
sometimes truncated and without any: flowers on long and capillary pec
cels, rarely axillary and solitary, sometimes 2-3 from the apex of a slender -
elongated peduncle, usually several arranged in very lax peduncled axillary
ents - ier
remote with the sinus wide: capsule nearly globose or slightly globular
ovate, with the ridge on the apex pae very prona i ede -—
(not Cav.) herb. Madr.! ; Roth, nov. sp. p. 98; Wall.! L. n. 6204; Wight:
eat. n, 1313.—H. brachiata, Wall. ! L. n. 6201 (as to H. graminifolia)—H.

diffusa, Spr. l. c.—O. linearifolia, herb. Madr.!—O. linifolia, DC. Pueri

DC. I. c. Trichinopoly. Travancore.

Hzpvoris. RUBIACE. 417

Chamisso and Schlechtendal refer Old. linearifolia of Klein (or herb. Madr.
as we have designated his specimens) to Old. biflora, and state that it repre-
sents in Willdenow’s herbarium his H. diffusa; on which account it is pro-
| bable that H. diffusa, Willd., ought to be adduced here, and not under H.
~ Burmanniana. Old. capillaris, DC., was described from specimens transmit-
ted him by Dr Hooker ; and as these were sent to Dr H. by Dr Wight, through
Dr Shuter of Madras, we feel no uncertainty about that synonym. The num-
ber of flowers on each peduncle varies considerably in the same specimen, and
occasionally the pedicel is axillary and solitary without the intervention of a
peduncle: on which account we would be almost disposed to refer here
Old. tenuifolia, Burm. Ind. t. 14. f. 1, but as that is from Java it may probably
be very distinct. i

=
og
"
"
i

1

§ 5. Corolla infundibuliform, internally glabrous, 2-3 times longer than the calyx-

segments ; segments of the limb about as long as the tube, oblong-linear : filaments

exserted ; anthers oblong-linear : style as long as the corolla ; stigma bipartite, the

segments long-linear : capsule coriaceous, oval, loculicidal, crowned with the dis-
tant teeth of the calyz. >

1275. (29) H. (O.) maritima (Wall.:) perennial, diffuse, proeumbent,
glabrous and somewhat glaucous: stems and branches twiggy: leaves linear-
lanceolate, attenuated at both ends: stipules united with the short petioles
into a membranous truncated sheath: flowers pedicillate, alternate on the
branches of longish terminal or subterminal simple or dichotomously branch-
ed racemes : calyx-limb 4-partite ; segments distant with the sinus rounded :

. Corolla infundibuliform: stamens exserted: capsule coriaceous oval.— Wall. !
= L.n. 6192; Wight! cat, n. 1314.—H. graminifolia, Linn.? suppl. 1. p. 119 ;
Spr. ? syst. 1. p. 418 ; herb. Madr. !—Oldenlandia stricta, Linn. mant. p. 200.
O. graminifolia, DC. ? prod. 4. p. 425.——- Sea coast, in loose sandy soil, in
the southern districts.

If Klein and Rottler be correct, this is H. graminifolia of Linnsus, but
neither the name nor description given in the Suppl. Plant. accords so well
with the present species as with H. dichotoma. Until, then, we have an op-
portunity of consulting the original specimens, we prefer following Dr Wal-

ch in adopting a more appropriate name, expressive of the situation in
which only, we believe, it 3s to be found.

§ 6. Corolla infundibuliform ; tube slender, 5-6 times longer than the calyz-segments,
inflated immediately below the limb ; segments of the limb much shorter than the
tube: anthers linear oblong, included within the swollen part of the tube: style

: slender : stigma bifid, segments spreading: capsule crustaceous, nearly globose,

truncated, slightly compressed, crowned with the distant teeth of the calyz. Her-

: baceous erect twiggy branched plants with narrow leaves, and terminal corymbose

or loosely spiked cymes—Kohautia, Cham. and Schl.

1276. (30) H, (O.) aspera (Heyne:) annual, erect, simple, or with a few
j ight Uh e Laer all over rough with minute points: leaves li-
|. néar-acuminated ; stipules membranous, with 1-3 longish subulate points :
cymes terminal, long-peduncled, usually of one short central branch and two
longish lateral ones: flowers usually in pairs, shortly pedicelled, with or
without a short partial peduncle, racemosely and rather distantly arranged
E along the branches of the cyme : calyx-teeth approximated during flowering,
.. n fruit distant with the sinus wide: corolla long-infundibuliform : anthers
included : capsule nearly globose, somewhat didymous, truncated.— Heyne in
— Both, nov. sp. p. 94; Spr. syst. 1. p. 415 ; Wight! cat. n. 1315.—H. elongata,
Br. in Wall. ! L. n. 865.—H. paniculata, herb. Rottl.! (not Lam.)—Olden-
landia aspera, DC. prod. 4. p. 428.——Arcot. Dindygul "es

D

418 RUBIACE.A. MoRINDA.

Roth's deseription, taken from nearly unbranched specimens similar to
what we also possess from Heyne's herbarium, is so very faithful, as to leave
no doubt but Brown had overlooked it when he proposed a new name for
this species. The root is nearly simple, descending, long, straight or slightly
flexuose. We have before us a few specimens from Pathoocottah with the
stem apparently decumbent, the branches unilateral and flexuose, and the
flowers in a much branched dense panicle; but this is obviously the effect of
accident.

Species known only by name.

t 1277. (31) H. linarifolia (Brown.)—Br. in Wall. L. n. 870.—H. capitata,

herb. Heyne.

t 1278. (32) H. tubularis (Brown.)—Br. in Wall. L. n. 876.—H. capitata,
Wight.—Gratiola aromatica, herb Heyne.

t 1279. (33) H. minima (Heyne.)—Heyne in Wall. L. n. 877.

t 1280. (34) H. Mysorensis (Heyne.)— Heyne in Wall. L. n. 882.
t 1281. (35) H. ? triflora (Heyne.)— Heyne in Wall. L. n. 883.

t 1282. (36) H. puberula (Brown.)—Br. in Wall. L. n. 884.

t 1283. (37) H. eymosa (Brown.)— Br. in Wall. L. n. 885.

+ 1284. (38) H. glabella (Brown.)—Br. in Wall. L. n. 886.—H. hispida,
herb. Heyne.

t 1285. (39) H. pygmea (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 6199.— Oldenlandia scabra,
Wight ; herb. Madr.

TRIBE IV. GUETTARDACER. Kunth.

Fruit drupaceous, containing 2-8 nuts, or 1 several-celled nut ; nuts
or cells 1-seeded, very rarely with 2 seeds, the one above the other.
Seeds somewhat terete, elongated, usually erect. Albumen fleshy.—
Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite or sometimes in threes, with
interpetiolar stipules.

SUBTRIBE I. MORINDEX. DC.

Flowers and fruit densely aggregated, cohering, and forming a capitulus.

XIV. MORINDA. Vaill.; Linn. ; Lam. ill. t. 153; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 29.

Calyx-tube obovate, usually conerete with those of the nearest flowers ;
limb short, scarcely toothed. Corolla infundibuliform ; tube somewhat te-
rete ; limb spreading, '5—4-lobed: sestivation valvular. Stamens 5-4: fila-
ments usually very short and with the anthers (linear) included, rarely with

the anthers protruded. Style filiform. Stigma bifid; segments pee
rui

site, rarely 3-4 in a verticil. Stipules within the petioles, usually —
membranaceous. Peduncles solitary or several together, axillary or leat-

pound berry. Bark of the root used for dyeing.

Monrtnpa. J. RUBIACE X. 419

$1. Corolla long, infundibuliform, 5-cleft, with a wide mouth : stamens 5. Pe-
duncles either terminal and in pairs, or axillary, or leaf-opposed (from the
abortion of a leaf ).—Roioc, DC.

1286. (1) M. citrifolia (Linn. :) somewhat arboreous, glabrous : branchlets
4-angled: leaves oval, attenuated at both ends, shining: stipules membrana-
ceous, obtuse: capituli shortly peduncled, leaf-opposed, without bracteas:
corolla long-infundibuliform ; limb 5- (occasionally 4~7-) cleft: anthers half
hid in the tube: style the length of the tube: berries concrete into an obtuse
ovate shining fruit.— DC. prod 4. p. 446; Spr. syst. 1. p. 750; Gertn. fr. 1.
t.29; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 541; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 196 ; Ham. in Linn. soc.
pu p.533; Wight! cat. n. 1316.— Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 52 ; Rumph. Amb.

1287. (2) M. tinctoria (Roxb.:) somewhat arboreous, glabrous: leaves ob-
long or oblohg-lanceolate, tapering at both ends, not shining : stipules short :
capituli shortly peduncled, leaf-opposed or in the axil of a smaller leaf, with-
out bracteas : corolla long-infundibuliform ; limb 5-cleft: anthers included:
style and stigmas exserted: berries concrete into an oval head.—Rowb. f.
Ind. 1. p. 543; (ed. Wall.) 2. p.197 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 447 ; Spr. syst. suppl.
P. 80; Wight! cat. n. 1317.—M. citrifolia, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tub. 918.

Although we retain this species, and have taken our character from Rox-
burgh, yet it appears to us to be the wild state, and M. citrifolia the more
usually cultivated one of the same plant: the slight difference pointed out in
the degree of protrusion of the anthers and style are not, we fear, either suf-
ficiently well marked or constant. We have some doubts if Dr Wight’s spe-
«mens be quite the same as Roxburgh’s: if they be so, we may add to the
above, that M. citrifolia has the leaves thin and flaccid, M. tinctoria firm and
hard. The length of the petiole affords no character in any of the species of
this genus.

“1288. (3) M. bracteata (Roxb. :) arborescent, glabrous, rigid : leaves oval-
oblong, pointed at both ends, shining: stipules broader than long, rounded :
capituli short-peduncled, leaf-opposed, solitary, bracteated: bracteas few,
foliaceous, their petiole adnate with the tube of the calyces: corolla long-
infundibuliform ; limb 5-cleft : anthers quite included : stigmas elevated above
the mouth of the tube : berries concrete into a roundish fruit.— Roxb. fi- Ind.
l.p. 544 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 198; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1367 ; Ham. in Linn.
e ti 13. p. 534; DC. prod. 4. p. 447 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 750; Wight! eat.
n. 1318. : i

The stem before us was received from Klein's herbarium; we do not
know where he obtained it. :

1289. (4) M. exserta (Roxb. :) arborescent: leaves from broadly-oval to
oblong-lanceolate, pointed, tapering at the base: stipules broadly-oval, ob-
tuse, entire or bifid: capituli shortish-peduncled, usually solitary, sometimes
Mn pairs, without bracteas: corolla long-infundibuliform ; limb 5-cleft: fila-

Ments inserted into the mouth of the tube, between the segments, and with |
the anthers much exserted : style the length of the tube: drupes concrete in-
to an oval or roundish fruit.—z ; leaves broadly oval, scarcely tapering at the

Pase, short-petioled, glabrous or pubescent.—M. exserta, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1.
P. 545 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 199 ; in E. 1. C. mus. tab. 1365 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 447 ;

Pr. syst. suppl. p. 80.—5 ; leaves oblong or oblong-lanceolate, firm and rigid,
attenuated at the base into a longish petiole, glabrous, or hairy in the axils
of the nerves underneath.—Wight! cat. n. 1819. — r
€ have not seen any authentic specimens of this species, and have re-
Wight's cat. n. 1319 to it as a variety, notwithstanding the great dif-
ference in the shape of the leaves, on account of the structure of the flower.
pd2

420- RUBIACEÆ. Morinpa.

1290. (5) M. aspera (W. & A.:) young branches compressed, covered with
harsh pubescence: leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, attenuated at the
base, rough on the upper side and on the nerves on the under with very
short bristly hairs or points: stipules broadly oval, obtuse, entire or 2-cleft :
capituli few-flowered, globose, on short axillary peduncles, ebracteolate : co-
rolla longish-infundibuliform, externally glabrous ; limb 5-cleft, the segments
unequal : anthers included.— Wight ! cat. n. 1820.

- Our specimens were obtained from Klein’s herbarium, and are very imper-
fect: it appears to approach to-.M. Chachuca, Ham.

1291. (6) M. stenophylla (Spr.:) young branches somewhat 4-angled, co-
vered with an ashy-coloured tomentum : leaves elliptic-lanceolate, acuminated
at both ends, shortly petioled, elothed on both sides with a very short ashy
tomentum : stipules lanceolate, at length reflexed: peduncles axillary, soli-
tary, alternate, tomentose : flowers externally tomentose.—Spr. syst. 1. p. 149;
DC. prod. 4. p. 448.—M. angustifolia, Roth, nov. sp. p. 147 (not Roab.)——
Cultivated near Beddir (probably Bednore in Mysore) ; Heyne.

1292. (7) M. tomentosa (Heyne:) somewhat arborescent: branches gla-
brous and shining; young ones 4-angled, tomentose : leaves roundish-ovate,
acuminated, often slightly cordate at the base but also tapering into a short-
ish petiole, shortly tomentose on both sides, particularly underneath and on
the nerves above: stipules usually bifid: peduncles axillary, solitary, longer
than the petiole, tomentose: capituli ebracteolate, oval, few-flowered.—
Heyne! in Roth, nov. sp. p. 147 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 448; Wight! cat. n. 1821.—
M. mudia, Ham. in Linn. soc. trans. 13. p. 536 ; DC.l.c.; Spr. syst. 1. p. 749.
—Carnatic, Rottler ; Hamilton.

§ 2. Corolla shortly infundibuliform, cylindrical below, slightly widened at the
mouth, 4- (or occasionally 5- ) cleft : stamens 4, or occasionally 5. ~~
duncles all terminal, 3-10 together, umbellate.—Padavara, DC. _

- 1293. (8) M. umbellata (Linn.:) shrubby, glabrous, climbing: leaves from
oblong-lanceolate to cuneate-oblong, pointed, usually with a small

gland in the axils of the nerves on the under side: stipules membranaceo
united into a truncated sheath: peduncles 3-7, in a sessile terminal umbel,
about half the length of the leaves: capituli globose: calyx-margin entire:
corolla with a short tube : limb 4- (or occasionally 5-) cleft: filaments short,
included, inserted into the bottom of the dilated part of the tube among
much hair; anthers exserted.— Linn. sp. p. 250; DC. prod. 4. p. 449; Spr ;
syst. 1. p. 750; Wight! cat. n. 1322.—M. scandens, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. oe
(ed. Wall.) 2. p. 202; DC. I. c.—M. Padavara, Juss. in enc. meth. su, ^n
p. 5; Spr. l. c.—Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 27. Courtallum. Travancore. Mata-

ar.

The number of stamens varies in the same head of flowers, but there are
usually only four. That Rheede's Malabar plant and the Ceylon one of f
næus are identical, might have been readily supposed from the proximity ae
the two countries, and the correspondence between the descriptions Boni v
but we are not aware of any botanist having hinted at this except Dr Indi P.
ton, in the Lin. soc. trans. 13. p. 533. Roxburgh, when finally leaving T" b
for England, met with it in Ceylon, and the name and short character oft pur, ——
lished in the Flora Indica are those sent from thence to one of the editors ^ — P
that valuable work : had Roxburgh at the time had access to books, he wi je
not have failed to discover the Linnean synonym. Moon, in his Catalogus * v
Ceylon plants, trusting to Linnæus’ erroneous reference to Rumph. An wow.
t. 98, a species allied to, if not the same with, M. bracteata, introduces +
umbellata entirely on Linneus’ authority, without adding any 1
Roxburgh’s M. scandens is mentioned as found at Caltura. Muc er
ambiguity as to this plant may have arisen from Linnseus $

VANGUERIA. RUBIACEZ. 421

erect: herbarium specimens, however, shew its climbing habit only very
imperfectly, and often not at all; and besides, Linnæus may have adopted

this from Rumphius. Rheede’s figure does not represent a climbing plant,
but the volume in which it occurs treats only ** de fruticibus scandentibus,”
as parasites, climbers, or plants which require the support of others. Jack,
in the Mal. mise. 1. p. 13, and Hook. Bot. misc. 2. p. 67, refers Rheede’s
figure to his M. tetrandra ; and except that his plant is stated to be a small
diffuse shrub, there is no difference whatever between it and M. wmbellata:
this difference we are even not much inclined to regard as of great conse-
quence, because our plant in particular localities scarcely at all climbs. Per-
haps M. parvifolia, Bartl., is a mere variety of the same species.

SUBTRIBE 2. GUETTARDEX. DC.

Flowers distinct and not concrete.

XV. VANGUERIA. Comm.; Lam. ill. t. 159; Gertn. fr. 3. t. 198.

Calyx-tube short, obovate ; limb spreading, 5-toothed, deciduous. Co-
rolla globular-campanulate, 5-cleft, with much hair in the throat: lobes ovate
or lanceolate, acute, recurved. Stamens 5: filaments very short: anthers
oblong, scarcely exserted. Ovary 5-celled, with one ovule in each cell.
Style filiform, about the length of the corolla. Stigma exserted, mitriform,
or capitate and 5-angled. Berry succulent, not crowned with the calyx but
marked with its traces, containing five bony 1-seeded nuts. Seeds attached
tothe inner angle of each nut near the middle, oblong. Albumen fleshy.
Embryo large: cotyledons long, plano-convex ; radicle about the length of
the cotyledons, superior.—Small trees or shrubs. Leaves petioled, ovate or
oblong. Stipules solitary on both sides. Cymes branched, somewhat pa-
nicled, axillary, or from the cicatrices of the fallen leaves. Corolla greenish-
white. Fruit edible.

* 1294. (1) V. edulis (Vahl.:) unarmed : leaves ovate or oblong, membra-
naceous, glabrous: cymes below the leaves from the old cicatrices: stigma
exserted, thick, shortly cylindrical and mitriform.—Vahl. symb. 3. p. 36. ; DC.
prod. 4. p. 454 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 760 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1323.—V . cymosa, Gertn.
fr. p. 75. t. 193.—V. Madagascariensis, Gmel. syst. 1. p. 367.— V. Commerso-
nii, Desf. ; Jacq. hort. Schenbr. 1. t. 44.—Vananga chinensis, Rohr, in Skrift.

nat. selsk. Kiovenh. 2. p. 207.—V. edulis, Rohr, l. c. p. 208. t. 7.
We presume this to have been introduced into the Peninsula: there are

plants of it in the Missionaries’ Garden supposed to have been brought from
Batavia. V. spinosa, Roxb. ! (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1032), is a distinct spe-
cies, although united by Sprengel: the branches àre sometimes without
thorns; the stigma is represented flat and peltate in the drawing, and is de-
scribed 5-lobed: we find it nearly globose with 5 longitudinal angles or
ridges. ds

XVI. GUETTARDA. Linn.; Ventn.

Calyx-ovate or globose: limb tubular, persistent or-deciduous, truncated
or irregularly toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform : tube cylindrical : lobes 4-9,
oval-oblong. Anthers 4-9, sessile in the throat of the corolla, included.
Stigma capitate, rarely 2-lobed. Fruit drupaceous, roundish or ovate, crown-
ed with the tube of the calyx: nut obtusely angled, 4-9-celled: cells straight
or curved, l-seeded. Seeds erect, somewhat terete.—Small trees or shrubs.
Leaves ovate or lanceolate, rarely cordate. Stipules lanceolate, deciduous,

a

422 RUBIACE&. i SANTIA.

rarely sheathing and truncated. Peduncles axillary, bifid, rarely again bifid.
- Flowers sessile in the forkings of the peduncle, and unilateral upon its
branches.

* 1295. (1) G. speciosa (Linn. :) leaves ovate or obovate, often slightly cor-
date at the base, obtuse at the apex, pubescent on the under side: stipules
lanceolate, acuminated, deciduous: cymes peduncled, velvetty, much shorter
than the leaf: flowers 4-9-cleft: calyx-limb deciduous: stamens 4-9: drupe
depressed, marked by the traces of the calyx; cells of the nut curved.—
Willd. sp. 4. p. 398 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 455 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 789 ; Lam. ill. t. 154.
f. 2; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 686 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 521; Wall.! L. n. 6219;
Wight! cat. n. 1824.—Cadamba jasminiflora, Sonner. voy. 2. t. 128.—Gar-
denia speciosa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 33.—Jasminum hirsutum, Willd.
sp. 4. p. 36.—Nyctanthes hirsuta, Linn. sp. p. 8.—Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 41, 48;
Pluk. t. 397. f. A.

“XVIL SANTÍA. W. & A:

Calyx-tube obovate: limb short, with 5 long subulate teeth, two of them
usually approximated or united at the base, the others distinct and distant.
Corolla shortly hypocrateriform, shortly villous in the throat and along the
lobes: tube about the length of the teeth of the calyx: lobes 5, oblong-pa-
tent. Stamens 5: filaments very short: anthers exserted oblong. Ovary

-erowned with a thick fleshy disk, 3- (or rarely 4-) celled, with one xat
linear-oblong ovule in each cell. Style hairy, thicker upwards. Stigma ca-
pitate, 3- (occasionally 4-) lobed. Drupe somewhat globose, crowned with
the persistent erect teeth of the calyx, containing 3 (or occasionally and
rarely 4) deeply rugose bony narrow-oblong slightly curved nuts. — Bet
= somewhat terete, slightly curved. Albumen between fleshy and gelatinous, —
enclosing the cylindrical embryo—Shrubby. Branches and young $
glabrous. Stipules triangular-acuminated, short, caducous, leaving à ring of
hair. Leaves short-petioled, elliptic-oblong, shortly pointed, glabrous 07 the
upper side, hirsute on the nerves on the under: nerves prominent on both
sides; veins numerous, transverse, prominent particularly on the upper side.
Peduncles axillary, short, hirsute bearing at their apex a few (3 or 4) flowers.
Calyx and sometimes the corolla sprinkled with stiffish hairs.

The leaves are unlike those of an . 4 ; inted :
i y other Rubiaceg with which we are acquaintec
it was sent formerly to Dr Walli vadit : t we believe
noticed i hiat i lich as a doubtful Spermacoce, but is not We ™

1296. (1) S. venulosa. (W. & A.)— Wight! cat. n. 1953.
We have lost our notes of the md leéndity: 3

XVIII. EUPYRENA. JW.5 A—Pyrostria. Roxb. (not Comm.) - ee

Calyx-tube obovate : limb small, persistent, 4-toothed, the teeth trianguta
acuminated. Corolla infundibuliform, hirsute externally ; tube slender ; limb m
4-cleft: sestivation valvular. Stamens 5: anthers linear, attached by the
middle of their back to the throat of the corolla. Ovary 6-12-celled, with
one ovule in each cell. Style shorter than the tube, filiform. Stigma smp $
(neither capitate nor cleft). Drupe globose, with 6-12 furrows, crowned at —
the very apex with the teeth of the calyx, containing 6-12 dighiy Um —
L-seeded bony distinct nuts. Seeds cylindric. Albumen fleshy.—Shrabs 0°
small trees. Leaves shortly petioled. Stipules from a broad base. Peduncles

HAMILTONIA. RUBIACE X. : 425

towards the extremities of the branches axillary, opposite and springing from
within the stipules, once or twice bifid, with the flowers unilateral and sessile
along its branches. Bracteas small, solitary under each flower.

The stipules having a broad base, inclose, as it were, the base of the peduncles: we
presume this to be what was intended by Roxburgh in his Flora Indica, where it is
printed ; peduncles opposite, with the stipules many times longer than the petioles,
each ending, &c.: instead of; peduncles opposite, within the stipules, many times
longer, &c, In his List, however, under No. 6217, Dr Wallich doubts if Roxburgh's
plant be not the same as T'imoneus Rumphii, DC.

1297. (1) E. glabra (W. & A.;) young shoots glabrous: stipules deciduous,
shorter than the petioles: leaves oval-lanceolate, acuminated at both ends,
glabrous ; the midrib and nerves underneath sprinkled with hairs: drupe with
8-12 nuts.— Wight ! cat. n. 1326.

Obtained without any specified locality from Klein's herbarium.

XIX. HAMILTONIA. Roxb. (not Muhl.).—Spermadictyon. Brown.

Calyx-tube ovate: limb 5-partite ; segments subulate, persistent. Corolla
infundibuliform, densely pubescent: tube long, straight: lobes 5, oblong.
Stamens 5, inserted into the throat, included: anthers linear: stigma 5-cleft.
Capsule erowned with the calyx, dehiscing at the apex, containing 5 nuts.
Nuts triquetrous, 1-seeded. Seeds erect from the base of the nut, covered
with a dry reticulated membrane. Albumen very thin. Embryo erect: ra-
dicle oblong: cotyledons foliaceous, cordate.—Shrubs. Leaves lanceolate.
shortly petioled. Stipules short, acute, broad at the base, adpressed. Flowers
fascicled or umbelled.

1298. (1) H. Mysorensis (W. & A.:) stems glabrous: leaves oblong- or
oval-lanceolate, with a short rigid pubescence or nearly glabrous, retic ated
on the under side: panicles corymbose, trichotomous, pubescent : flowers
capitate: calyx-segments with a few distant subulate gland-tipped teeth on
the margin.— Wight ! cat. n. 1825.——Mysore ; Heyne, 20th December 1801.

XX. EPITHINIA. Jack.

Calyx-tube somewhat cylindrical: limb membranaceous, cup-shaped, en-
tire or inconspicuously 4-toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform, glabrous exter-
nally; tube 2-3 times longer than the limb of the calyx, hairy on the inside
from the mouth to near the base: limb 4-partite, segments ovate, recurved :
sstivation imbricative and a little twisted. Ovary 2-celled: ovules two in
each cell, the one above the other ; the upper one pendulous from the apex
ofthe cell. Stamens 4, exserted: anthers linear, pointed. Style filiform,
glabrous, exserted, as long as the corolla. Stigma bifid ; divisions linear,
spreading. Fruit drupaceous, oblong-clavate, a little compressed, marked
with 8 longitudinal furrows, crowned with the persistent calyx-limb, con-
taining two 1-celled (or by cohesion one 2-celled) woody hard long nuts.
Seeds 2 in each cell (the one above the other), or solitary from abortion, li-
near-oblong. Embryo large in a thinnish fleshy albumen: cotyledons ob-
long, flattish: radicle superior.—Shrubby, glabrous, exuding gum from the
extremities of the young shoots. Stipules adpressed, connate, sheathing,
truncated. Leaves petioled, oboyate, obtuse, somewhat fleshy, with nerves
and veins inconspicuous. Cymes a little above the axils, on short horizontal
peduncles, bifid, shorter than the petioles. Flowers white.

In some few trivial points our description differs from that given by Jack, but we

424 RUBIACE. PÆDERIA.

suspect that they form but one enn: Jack says there are no stipules, and that
the peduncles are many-flowered : in our specimens there are certainly stipules, and
the cymes are short and seldom bear more than 10 or 20 flowers. In the only ripe
fruit we have seen, there appeared to be one hard nut with 2 cells, but as it 1s not
improbable that the ci $ state is to have 2 one-celled nuts, we have followed Jack
in that particular.

1299. (1) E. Malayana (Jack).—Jack in Mal. mise. 1. p. 12 ; Hook. Bot.
mise. 2. p. 67; DC. prod. 4. p. 477; Wight! cat. n. 1345.——Mangrove
swamps.

Our specimens of this plant are from the Madras herbarium, and were
named Lumnitzera racemosa, to the leaves of which those of the .present
plant bear a strong resemblance: in the same sheet were a few leaves and
flowers of the true Lumnitzera, so that we have no doubt but that the two
had been gathered at the same time and in similar situations, but we do not
know the precise locality.

TRIBE V. PEDERIEX. DC.

Fruit 2-celled, indehiscent but scarcely fleshy, the outer coat (tube
of the calyx) separating readily from the carpels: carpels compressed,
l-seeded, pendulous from a filiform axis. Albumen fleshy —Climbing
shrubs with opposite leaves and interpetiolar stipules.

XXI. PADERIA. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 166. f. 1; Gertn. fr. 3. t. 195.

Calyx-tube ovate : limb small, 5- (or rarely 4-) toothed, persistent. Co-
rolla infundibuliform, hirsute internally, 5- (or rarely 4-) lobed, with a pli-
cate sstivation. Stamens 5, sometimes abortive: anthers oblong, almost
sessile on the middle of the tube. Style not exserted. Stigma bifid. Berry
small, ovate-globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded ; the outer-coat at length. brittle.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo straight: radicle terete, inferior: cotyledons flat,
foliaceous, large: plumule inconspicuous.—Climbing shrubs. Leaves oppo-
mte, petioled, lanceolate, ovate or cordate, acute. Stipules solitary on each
side. Peduncles terminal and axillary, branched, somewhat corymbose.
Flowers small, white, often dicecious from abortion. ;

The erect species, P. recurva, Roxb., P. erecta, Roxb., and P. ternata, je
belong neither to the present genus nor tribe of Rubiacee :jthe horny albumen, an
seeds grooved on the inner side, at once shew their affinity with the subtribe Cofee:
We also reject P. Valli-Kara, Juss., a plant only known from Rheede's F an
description, the one contradicting the other in many particulars: the author seems

to have had before him two widely different plants, neither of which perhaps belongs
to Rubiacee.

* 1300. (1) P. fetida (Linn.:) leaves oblong or lanceolate, cordate at the
base, glabrous : panicles axillary and opposite, or terminal: flowers sd
along gd ultimate divisions : bracteoles minute : berry ovate, tmn pedi
pressed.— Linn. mant. p. 52; DC. prod. 4. p. 471; Spr. syst. t- P.
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 683; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 5. Wall.! L. n. 6241; Wight i
cat. n. 1327.—Psychotria volubilis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.1080.—ApoCy" —
num feetidum, Burm. Ind. p. 71.—Rumph. Amb. 5. t. 160. seb
_ Our specimens are from Klein's herbarium. Roxburgh says that ie from
is surrounded with a membranaceous wing: but it is the carpel detach Je
the tube of the calyx, and not the seed, he describes. either
nor Geertner’s figures are good.

CaNTHIUM. RUBIACEJA. 425

TRIBE VI. COFFEACEE. DC.

Fruit 2-celled, baccate, containing two 1- (or rarely 2-) seeded bony
or crustaceous nnclei that are flattish or grooved on the inner side, of-
ten marked with a furrow on the outer, rarely with only one nucleus

(and probably so from abortion), containing an erect or depressed or
laterally attached seed. Albumen horny, sometimes somewhat carti-
laginous.— Trees or shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stipules interpetiolar,
two on both sides, and either distinct or combined.

XXII. CANTHIUM. Lam.; Gertn. fr. 3. t. 196.

Calyx-tube ovate ; limb short, 4-5-toothed. Corolla with a short tube,
bearded in the throat ; lobes 4-5, spreading. Anthers 4—5, inserted into the
throat, scarcely exserted. Style filiform exserted. Stigma thick, ovate-glo-
bose or mitriform, undivided or bifid at the apex. Drupe globose or com-
pressed, crowned with the (sometimes inconspicuous) calycine teeth, fleshy,
2-celled. Seeds solitary in each cell, inserted near the apex, inverted, in-
curved. Albumen fleshy. Embryo central: radicle long, superior.—Shrubs,
with branches unarmed or thorny. Leaves opposite, somewhat coriaceous.
_ Stipules interpetiolar, solitary on both sides. Peduncles axillary, short, se-

veral-flowered.
One of the cells in all the following species is occasionally abortive, whence we

ted little doubt but C. anomocarpum, DC., is a mere state of some more perfect
plant.

1301. (1) C. didymum (Geertn. :) shrubby, unarmed : leaves short petioled,
oval, more or less acuminated, glabrous, coriaceous ; the upper side shining ;
under with glandular hollows in the axils of the nerves: cymes axillary, pe-
duncled, much shorter than the leaves: calyx-limb with 5 often inconspicuous
teeth: tube of the corolla furnished on the inside with rigid scariose hairs
pointing downwards: stamens 5: stigma much exserted, ovate, mitriform,
slightly 2-lobed at the apex: drupe (when mature) compressed and some-
what didymous, broadly obovate and slightly emarginate, wrinkled and tu-
bereled, marked with a furrow on each side.—Gertn. fr. 3. p. 94. t. 196 ;
DC. prod. 4. p. 473; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 535 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 171; Wight!
eat. n. 1328.—C. cymosum, Pers. syn. 1. p. 200.—Psydrax dicoccos, Gertn.
fr. 1. p. 125. t. 26. f. 2; DC.I. c. p. 476.—Webera cymosa, Willd. sp. p. 1224.
—Rondeletia eymosa, Poir. enc. meth. 6. p. 256.— Cupia cymosa, DC. l. c.
p. 394.—Gardenia parviflora, Poir. suppl. 2. p. 708 (not Kunth nor Smeathm).
—G. Naum-papata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 15.—# ; young shoots and in-
florescence softly pubescent.—# ; young shoots and inflorescence glabrous.

Giertner's figure of the fruit (under Psydrax dicoccos) is much better than
that given by his son; but this part presents very different appearances ac-
eording to the stage of growth: at first it is globose without any trace of tu-
bercles ; it afterwards dilates laterally, though still smooth, and finally the
nuclei become wrinkled both externally and. internally, marking the seed in
the same way. We have never observed it so deeply emarginate as in t. 196.
of Geertner, although we know our plant to be identical with Roxburgh's and
the Missionaries', preserved in the Banksian herbarium (from which he ob-
tained his specimen) under the name of Webera cymosa. We — under-
stand why De Candolle should have kept Web. cymosa (under Cupia), when
Chamisso and Schlechtendal had already (Linnea, 4. p. 15), from actual ex-

amination, determined it to be C. didymum. The minute calycine-teeth do.

426 RUBIACE Æ. CANTHIUM.

not fall off, nor is the stigma composed of two distinct plates, as in Richard's
generic character of Psydrav, probably derived from his other species from
Madagascar, and which perhaps ought still to be removed from Canthium.

t * 1302. (2) C. nitens (DC.:) unarmed, glabrous: leaves petioled, broadly
ovate, somewhat obtuse, upper side very shining: racemes compound, axil-
lary, many-flowered, a little longer than the petiole: tube of the corolla a
little longer than the lobes; lobes oval, obtuse: stamens 4: stigma thick, -
ovate, much protruded.— DC. prod. 4. p. 474.

Collected by Leschenault in India, but perhaps not in the Peninsula: if
however it be so, we suspect it must be an accidental tetrandrous form of
C. didymum, a plant which otherwise does not appear to have been ever seen
by A nega although occurring in various parts through which Leschenault
travelled.

1303. (3) C. parviflorum (Lam. :) shrubby, usually with opposite horizontal
thorns a little above the axils, sometimes with the branches nearly unarmed:
leaves ovate, glabrous, often fascicled on the young shoots: racemes short,

; few-flowered : stamens 4: stigma somewhat globose, often more or
less bifid or marked with a longitudinal furrow: drupe obovate, slightly
emarginate, compressed, furrowed on each side.— Lam. enc. meth. 1. p. 602 ;
DC. prod. 4. p. 474; Spr. syst. 1. p. 756 ; Gaertn. fr. 3. t. 196 ; Roxb. Cor. 1.
t. 51; fl. Ind. 1. p. 534 ; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 170; Wight ! cat. n. 1329,—Webera
tetrandra, Willd. sp. 1. p. 1224.— Rheed. Mal. 7. t. 36; Pluk. t. 91. f. 4.

, The size of the leaves and length of the petioles and thorns are very va-
riable. The structure of the flower is by no means alike in all: in some spe-
cimens the calyx-teeth are oblong, somewhat foliaceous and recurved; the
tube of the corolla short, and the segments very woolly inside, the stamens
scarcely exserted and hidden by the wool of the throat, style longer than the
tube, stigma capitate and 2-lobed: in others the calyx-teeth are small ovate
and pointed, the tube of the corolla longer and less woolly and its segments
glabrous, anthers exserted, style longer than the tube, stigma capitate entire
longitudinally with a sharp angle between the grooves: but although

nces may be constant among specimens taken from the same

bushes, we are not prepared to assert that they are sufficiently so, sp

Lenin "s — " marks for varieties: we have ourselves observed se

1304. (4) C. Rheedei (DC.:) shrubby, armed with supra-axillary thorns:
branches hirsute : leaves ob or E eis M lac aper very shortly
petioled, upper side shining, under with a tuft of hairs in the axils of the
nerves: flowers axillary, shortly pedicelled, few, fascicled or in a very short
raceme : calyx-teeth minute: corolla in estivation acuminated ; tube shortly
campanulate, lobes acuminated : Stamens 5: stigma mitriform: drupe obo-
vate, emarginate.—z ; leaves oval-lanceolate, acutish at the base, hirsute on
the under side.—C. Rheedei, DC. prod. 4. p. 474.—Rheed. Mal. 5. t. 37.
—8 ; leaves ovate-lanceolate, broad at the base, sprinkled with short bristly
hairs on the under side.— Wight ! cat. n. 1330.—y - leaves ovate-lanceolate
E slightly pe p — glabrous on both sides.— Wight ! cat. n. ade :

specimens of y are from / i hered à
rka in Ceylon n April 198 Libeiun, vs e

1305. (5) C. Leschenaultii (W. & A.:) shrubby, climbing ? quite glabrous:
old branches armed with ns "ede ie saa rsd
slender, often unarmed : petioles shortish, twisted: leaves opposite or
verticillate, oblong, much acuminated, acute at the base: cymes d
Short-peduneled, few- (3-5-) flowered : calyx minutely 5-toothed : coro
In estivation acuminated ; tube campanulate, with a ring of reflexed hairs in-
ternally ; segments of the limb 5, linear-lanceolate, acuminated, reflexed :
stamens 5 ; anthers exserted, afterwards reflexed : style thickened about the

IxoRa. RUBIACE X. : 427 .

middle and hairy downwards: stigma mitriform, bifid to about the middle:
drupe obcordate.— Wight! cat. n. 1332.—Dondisia Leschenaultii, DC. prod. -
4. p. 469 (descr. of ovary bad).——Courtallum mountains.

De Candolle's description under Dondisia is exceedingly good, except what
relates to the structure of the ovary (about which however he appears very
uncertain), and the absence of thorns.

XXIII. IXORA. Linn. ; Gertn. fr. t. 25.

Calyx-tube ovate; limb small, 4-toothed or 4-partite. Corolla hypocra-
teriform ; tube slender, terete, longer than the lobes: limb 4-partite, spread-
ing. Anthers 4, somewhat sessile in the throat, or on short filaments. Style
shorter than the corolla, usually scarcely exserted beyond the tube, bifid at
the apex; divisions of the stigma diverging or revolute. Berry drupaceous,
crowned with the persistent calyx, somewhat globose, 2-celled: nuts charta-
ceous, flat or concave on the inner side, gibbous on the back, 1-seeded.
Albumen cartilaginous, solid. Embryo dorsal, erect, incurved : radicle long :
cotyledons foliaceous.—Shrubs or small trees. Leaves opposite. Stipules
from a broad base, acute or ending in a setaceous simple or bifid awn. Co-
rymbs terminal, usually trichotomous. Flowers red or white, often fragrant.

1306. (1) I. coccinea (Linn.:) shrubby, glabrous: leaves nearly sessile,
oval or oblong, with a more or less cordate base, or euneate-obovate, acute
or acuminated, mucronate, coriaceous, shining on the upper surface: co-
rymb nearly sessile, thin: lobes of the calyx acute, connivent in fruit: corol-
la (scarlet) with a long tube, the segments ovate-lanceolate or elliptical,
acute: style shortly exserted: divisions of the stigma oblong-linear.—Linn.
sp. p. 159 (excl. syn.) ; Sm. in Rees’ cycl. ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 375 ; (ed Wall.)
1. p. 385; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 166 ; Wight! cat. n. 1333.—1. grandiflora,
DC. prod. 4. p. 486 (perhaps not of Ker); Spr. syst. 1. p. 407 ; Wight! in
Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 294. suppl. t. 35.—1. propinqua, Brown in Wall.! L. n.
6119.—I. obovata, Heyne? in Roth, nov. sp. p. 90.—Ixora n. 22, Linn. ff.
Ee trus Mal.2. t. 12; Burm. Zeyl. t. 57 ; Pluk. t. 59. f. 2, and t. 109.

. 2t

We restore the name given by Linneeus, as this is the species with large red
flowers originally described by him in the flora Zeylanica. We do not see
how Z. grandiflora of Ker, bot. reg. t. 154. differs, but we presume that Brown
must have considered it distinct when he proposed a new appellation for our
plant. The shape of the leaves is very inconstant often on the same specimen ;
sometimes they resemble so exactly Pluk. t. 109. f. 2, that we have adduced
that figure here although Plunkenet seems to say it has white flowers, but
this part of his description appears to have been borrowed from Bauhin, and
not derived from his own observations. We have some hesitation about
bringing here J. obovata, but Roth’s description agrees well with some states
of this species, except where he says the lobes of the corolla are obtuse; De
Candolle refers it to J. Bandhuca, which, however, is not found in the Penin-
sula; Sprengel considers it synonymous with J. cuneifolia, but that has much
smaller and differently coloured flowers.

1307. (2) I. stricta (Roxb. :) shrubby, glabrous ; branches straight: leaves
somewhat sessile, lanceolate-oblong, corymbs dense, compound, somewhat
hemispherical: calyx-lobes broadly ovate, somewhat obtuse: corolla (pale
pink, orange, or scarlet) with a long tube, the segments roundish, obtuse :
anthers pointed: style glabrous, slightly exserted ; divisions of the stigma
linear-oblong.—Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 379; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 384; in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 1337 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 486 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 407 ; Wall.! L. n. 6123;
Wight ! cat. n. 1334.—I. coccinea, Ait. (not Linn.) curt. bot. mag. t. 169.—

W

428 RUBIACE 2. Ixora.
I. speciosa, Willd. enum. 1..p. 157.—1. flammea, Salisb.—I. incarnata, Roxb.

mst ; herb. Madr.! ; Smith in Rees’ cycl. ; Roem. and Schult. syst. 3. p. 179

(excl. syn.) :
Our specimens are from the Madras herbarium, and most probably culti-

vated. The flowers are much smaller than in the last species.

1308. (3) I. Wallichii (W. & A.:) shrubby: young shoots and branches
of the corymb pubescent: leaves lanceolate-oblong, acuminated, shortly pe-
tioled, coriaceous; upper,side glabrous and shining ; under strongly nerved,
pubescent: stipules with a laterally-compressed subulate long point: co-
rymbs trichotomous, branched, open ; flowers crowded on the ultimate divi-
sions: calyx-segments as long as the tube, narrow-oblong: corolla (pale
red ?) with a slender tube (an inch and a quarter long) ; lobes narrow-oblong,
soon reflexed, obtuse: style glabrous, much exserted ; divisions of the stig-
ma linear, recurved.—I. undulata, Wall. ! L. n. 6199. d (not .Roxb.).

Although Dr Wight sent this to Dr Wallich, he has not retained a speci-
men in his own herbarium ; our character is therefore taken from one belong-
ing to Dr Hooker.

1309. (4) I. nigricans (Br.:) shrubby, glabrous: leaves oblong-lanceolate,
shortly petioled, shining on both sides, turning black by drying: stipules
with a subulate point : corymbs trichotomous, large, open ; flowers lax: ca-
lyx-segments subulate, about the length of the tube: corolla (white) with
the tube (three-quarters of an inch long) slightly widened upwards; lobes
oblong, slightly acute, recurved: filaments shortly exserted: style glabrous,
considerably exserted: divisions of the stigma filiform: berry [globose.—
Brown in Wall.! L. n. 6154 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1335.

This was sent to Dr Wallich by Dr Wight, but is not noticed under any of
the letters of n. 6154 ; it perhaps, therefore, forms another species in the List,
although we cannot see any difference between it and J. nigricans.

1810. (5) I. undulata (Roxb. :) shrubby: leaves broadly lanceolate, much
waved on the margin, glabrous: corymbs trichotomous, decompound, open ;
branches pubescent: flowers (small and white) numerous at the extremities
of the ultimate divisions; calyx-segments short-lanceolate, acute: lobes of
the corolla narrow-oblong, reflexed : filaments exserted: style glabrous,
scarcely exserted ; divisions of the stigma linear, recurved: berries transverse-
ly oval.—Roab. fl. Ind. 1. p. 385; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 395 ; in E. I. C. mug. tab.
913 ; Roth. nov. sp. p. 91 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 498 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 408 ; Wall.!
L. n. 6129. a, c.— Peninsula ? Heyne.

Probably transmitted by Roxburgh to Heyne, and therefore not a native of
the Peninsula. The leaves are nerally said to be nearly sessile, but m à
specimen from Dr Wallich in Dr B odkar s herbarium, the petioles are nearly
an inch long. t

1311. (6) I. Notoniana (Wall. :) shrubby: leaves obovate-oblong, shortly
pointed, glabrous: corymbs long-peduneled, trichotomous ; primary branches
distant and horizontal, glabrous ; ultimate ones more or less pubescent, with
numerous flowers: calyx-segments oblong-linear, twice the length of the
tube: corolla (red) with a short (scarcely half an inch long) tube, a little

hairy'in the mouth ; lobes oval, obtuse, spreading: style shortly exserted ; di-

visions of the stigma linear-oblong.—Wall.! L. n. ; Wight ! cat. n. 1390,
1337 ? Neslgheeries. : tende v

No. 1337 is in fruit: corresponding specimens of it were likewise sent to
Dr Wallich, but we do not know whether he considered them the same wi
I. Notoniana or another species.

1312. (7) I. cuneifolia (Roxb.:) shrubby: leaves oblong-lanceolate, more
or less cuneate at the base, pointed, glabrous: corymbs trichotomous, open ;

. flowers (small and whitish) fascicled at the extremities of the ultimate Sı

visions : segments of the calyx narrow-oblong, thrice the length of the tube:
3

Ixona. RUBIACE X. 429

tube of the corolla slender (more than half an inch long); lobes oval, obtuse:
filaments slightly exserted ; divisions of the stigma linear, recurved: berry
roundish-turbinate.— Rob. fl. Ind. 1. p. 380; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 390; in E. I.
C. mus. tab. 1785 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 487; Spr. syst. 1. p. 408; Wall.! L. n.
6140 ; Wight! cat. n. 1338?

, Our doubts about Dr Wight's plant arise from two grounds: correspond-
ing specimens were sent to Dr Wallich, but they are not referred to under J.
cuneifolia ; and, secondly, Roxburgh describes the corymb long-peduncled,
while in the specimen before us it is sessile, inasmuch as the three primary
branches are subtended by two leaves; but in Roxburgh's drawing it is re-
presented as in our plant. The three branches of the corymb may, indeed,
be viewed as three peduncled distinct corymbs, two in the axils of the up-
permost pair of leaves, and one terminal between them, so that we are in-
clined to believe the difference lies principally in words. Perhaps Dr Wight's
specimens form J. Wightiana, Wall. L. n. 6161. a.

1313. (8) I. brachiata (Roxb.:) shrubby with opposite spreading branches:
leaves shortly petioled, lanceolate-oblong, obtuse, tapering at the base, gla-
brous: stipules triangular, acute: corymbs sessile, trichotomous, open ; pri-
mary branches long, the lateral ones horizontal ; flowers (small, white) nume-
rous on the ultimate divisions: calyx with 4 small broad acute teeth : tube
of the corolla (3-4 lines long) slender; lobes obovate, retuse, during sestiva-
tion forming a globose head: anthers sessile : style scarcely exserted, gla-
brous ; divisions of the stigma oblong, short, erect.— Roxb. fl Ind. 1. p. 382 ;
(ed Wall.) 1. p.391; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1942 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 488; Spr.
syst. 1. p. 408 ; Wall.! L. n. 6142.—1. micrantha, Heyne.—Pavetta breviflora,
DC. ? l. c. p. 491.

1314. (9) I. parviftora (Vahl :) arboreous: leaves short-petioled, from li-

near-oblong to cuneate-obovate, bluntish or with a short point, often slightly
cordate at the very base, coriaceous and hard, shining: stipules with a long
subulate point: corymbs or panicles terminal, trichotomous, sessile or pe-
duncled, with often foliaceous bracteas subtending the primary branches :
flowers (small and white) crowded on the extreme subdivisions : calyx with 4
obtuse small teeth : corolla (scarcely half an inch long) with a slender tube ;
lobes oblong-linear, obtuse, reflexed, forming an oval head during sestivation :
style hairy !, exserted ; divisions of the stigma oblong, erect: berry some-
what didymous.—Vahl, symb. 3. p. 2. t. 52 5 DC. prod. 4. p. 488 ; Spr. syst. 1.
p.408; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 383; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 393 ; Wall.! L. n. 6156 ;
Wight! cat. n. 1339 ; in Hook. bot. misc. 3. p. 292. suppl. t. 34.—I. alba, Roxb.
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 167 ; Smith in Rees’ cycl.—\. arborea, Smith ! in Rees’
cycl. ; DC. l. e.—I. Pavetta, Andr. bot. rep. t. 78; Pers. syn. 1. p. 130; Spr.
i. e.—I. decipiens, DC. l. e—Webera corymbosa, herb. Sm.! (not in Rees
eycl.
Vus figure is exceedingly characteristic of some states of our plant, nor
do we well understand why Smith on the one hand, and De Candolle on the
other, have each erected Roxburgh's plant into a distinct species. It is
readily recognised, whatever be the shape of its leaves or size of the panicle,
by its small white flowers and hairy style. De Candolle says that the flowers
are scarlet, but, at the same time, places it among the species with white
flowers: they are pure white, but become reddish by drying.

1315. (10) I. /anceolaria (Colebr.:) shrubby : branches slender, drooping,
labrous: leaves short-petioled, des SE aie oc narrow or oblong-
Diaconie, acuminated ; upper surface dull, glaucous, glabrous ; under pale,
glabrous or pubescent; corymbs small, few- owered, sessile, trichotomous,
open: flowers (white) lax: calyx-segments linear-oblong, much longer
than the tube, connivent in fruit: tube of the corolla (about three-quar-

ters of an inch long) slender; lobes spreading, linear-oblong, obtuse, a

430 ` RUBIACEA. Ixona.

little falcate, slightly pubescent: ovary crowned with a series of fleshy
sphacelate bristles round the inside of the limb of the calyx: filaments
shortly exserted ; anthers long-linear, the base bifid and ending in 2 subulate
spine-like processes; style much exserted; divisions of the stigma long-li-
near, spreading: berry somewhat didymous.—2«; leaves narrow-lanceolate,
much acuminated, quite glabrous. — Wight! cat. n. 1340.—1. lanceolaria,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 387 ; (ed Wall.) 1. p. 397 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 488 ; Spr. syst.
1. p. 409; Wall.! L. n. 6125.—8 ; leaves oblong-lanceolate, shortly acumi-
nated, sometimes pubescent on the underside. — Wight! cat. n. 1341.—1.
leucantha, Heyne ; Wail.! L. n. 6148.—Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 14?——Travancore.

These two varieties agree in all the remarkable points of structure, and on-
ly differ in pubescence and shape of the leaves, characters of minor import-
ance. We hope that we have at length found a resting place for Rheede's
figure, which, along with Plunkenet's t. 109. f. 2, were adduced by Linnseus
under his J. alba: may not our var. £. be likewise the Linnsan plant?; no
specimens of it exist in his own herbarium, so that Hermann's must settle the
dispute ; Smith considers it to have been taken up from Rheede's figure. re
alba of Roxburgh (in E. I. C. mus. tab. 911), and Wall. ! L. n. 6122, appears
to be, as Roxburgh himself supposes, a white flowered state of J. stricta.

t 1316. (11) I. elongata (Heyne.)—Wall. L. n. 6131.

t 1317. (12) I. puberula? (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 6145. c.

+1318. (13) I. corymbosa (Heyne.)—Wall. L. n. 6155.
t 1319. (14) I? arguta (Br.)—Wall.! L.n. 6157.

t 1320. (15) I. Wightiana (Wall.)—Wall. L. n. 6161.

Of this we have not seen the letter a, but have already hinted that it may
be the same as I. cuneifolia, Wight's cat. n. 1338: of b, Dr Hooker has
obligingly sent us his specimen for examination, but as it is very imperfect,
.'we cannot determine to which it ought to be referred. We may remark here
that there is some confusion about Dr Wallich's synonyms: thus, he quotes
in this place the J. stricta of Wight’s herbarium: now, we have before us
specimens corresponding to what was so named and sent, and these are the
same with Pavetta Wightiana, Wall.! (a mere narrow-leaved state of Stylo-
coryne Webera.)

t 1321. (16) I. paniculata (Rottl.)—Wall. L. n. 6163.
+1322. (17) L attenuata (Wall.)— Wall. L. n. 6164.

XXIV. PAVETTA. Linn.; Gertn. fr. 1. t. 25.

Calyx-tube ovate; limb small, 4-toothed. Corolla hypocrateriform ; tube
cylindrical or clavate, longer then the 4-partite limb: lobes spreading, more
orless unequal. Anthers 4, somewhat sessile in the throat of the corolla.
Style filiform, at length much exserted and longer than the corolla, entire,
clavate. Stigma undivided. Berry drupaceous, crowned with the persistent
limb of the calyx, globose, 2-celled: cells 1-seeded. Albumen cartilaginous,
solid.. Embryo dorsal, erect, ineurved: cotyledons foliaceous: radicle long-
—Shrubs. Leaves opposite. Stipules with a subulate point. Corymbs ter-
minal or from the upper axils, often trichotomous. Flowers white.

We omit here P. angustifolia, Roem. and Sch., or P. Indica, Burm. Ind. t. 13.
f. 3. (not Linn.), and P. amplexicaulis, Pers., neither of which we have reason to be-
lieve are natives of the Peninsula ; besides, the descriptions hitherto given are much
too imperfect to permit of our ascertaining what they are. We pass over likor a
P. sumatrensis of Heyne and Roth, because the name indicates it to have been
in Sumatra: this has 5 stamens and lobes to the corolla, and is apparently P. bar-

Paverta. RUBIACE. i 431

bata, Smith! in Rees’ cycl., which De Candolle refers to Polyozus, but which seems
to us rather referable to Cupia or Stylocoryne.

1323. (1) P. Indica (Linn.:) leaves oval-oblong, acuminated, tapering at
the base, petioled, upper surface glabrous and shining: stipules broad, upper
ones often concrete at the base: corymbs terminal and from the upper axils,
their primary ramifications opposite: flower-bud gradually thicker upwards :
calyx-teeth minute: lobes of the corolla 2-3 times shorter than the tube,
oval, obtuse: style twice the length of the corolla, glabrous: stigma clavate,
hispid.— Linn. sp. p. 160 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 490 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 407 ; Wall.!
L. n. 6175 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1342.—P. alba, Vahl, symb. 3. p. 11.—1xora pani-
culata, Lam. enc. meth. 3. p. 944.—1. pavetta, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 386 ; (ed.
Wall.) 1. p. 395.—1. Nunypapata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 168.— Rheed.
Mal. 5. t. 105. Pluk. t. 867. f. 5.

There are occasionally 5 lobes to the corolla, and 5 stamens. The leaves
on the under side, and the young shoots, are either pubescent or glabrous.
P. polyantha, Br. in Wall.! L. n. 6176, appears scarcely distinguishable ex-
cept by the rather smaller lobes of the corolla.

1324. (2) P. hispidula (W. & A.) branches, divisions of the corymb, and
calyx densely DE : leaves short-petioled, narrow, oblong-lanceolate,
acuminated at both ends; upper side hispidly pubescent ; under tomentose:
corymbs sessile, not much divided, with the primary branches short: flowers
on longish pedicels, lax: calyx-teeth acute, recurved : corolla glabrous ex-
ternally and in the throat; the lobes 2-3 times shorter than the tube, linear-
oblong, obtuse, recurved : style more than twice the length of the corolla,
thickened about the middle, glabrous: stigma clavate, slightly hispid.—
Wight ! cat. n. 1943.

The corolla is larger than in the last species.

1325. (3) P. tomentosa (Smith :) young branches, divisions of the corymb,
and calyx densely pubescent: leaves longish-petioled, cuneate-obovate, ovate
or occasionally oblong; upper side thinly tomentose or harshly velvetty ;
under densely tomentose : corymbs panicled, large, lax ; flowers longish pe-
dicelled: calyx-teeth small, acute: corolla glabrous externally and in the
throat ; the lobes more than half the length of the tube, oval, spreading :
style about a half longer than the corolla, and with the clavate stigma hairy.
— Smith in Rees’ cycl. ; Heyne in Roth, nov. sp. p. 88; DC. prod. 4. p. 490 ;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 407 ; Wall. L.n. 6173 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1344.—1. velutina, Wall.!
L. n. 6174. —Ixora tomentosa, Row. fl. Ind. 1. p. 386 ; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 396 ;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 169. j

In our specimens the corolla had dropped off; we have taken our descrip-
tion of it from Roxburgh and Roth: in Roxburgh’s drawing it is not repre-
sented one-half so large as in either of the preceding species.

1326. (4) P. Rothiana (DC.:) young branches, divisions of the corymb,
and calyx densely pubescent : leaves petioled, elliptical, sprinkled with short
hairs on both sides, whitish and tomentose when young: corymbs somewhat
panicled, 3—4 times trichotomous: calyx-teeth minute, triangular: corolla
glabrous externally, bearded in the throat ; lobes oblong, very obtuse : style
slender, twice the length of the corolla, and with the stigma glabrous.—DC.
prod. 4. p. 491.—P. villosa, Heyne (not Vah!) ; Roth, nov. sp. p. 88 ; Spr. syst.

1. p. 407.
This we have not seen : it appears to come very close to P. tomentosa.

+1327. (5) P. lucens (Br.)—Brown in Wall. L. n. 6168.
t 1328. (6) P. Brunonis (Wall.)— Wall. L. n. 6172.——Neelgherries.

2
2

432 RUBIACEÆ GRUMILEA.

XXV. GRUMILEA. Geærtn. fr. 1. t. 28. f. 2.

© Calyx-tube obovate, very short ; limb cup-shaped, truncated and 5-tooth-
ed. Corolla infundibuliform ; tube short, villous in the mouth: limb 5-par-
tite, segments incurved at the point: sestivation valvular. Stamens 5, in-
serted upon the tube: filaments short: anthers oblong, exserted. Style fili-
form, the length of the tube or of the corolla, surrounded at the base by a
short cylindrical or 5-lobed fleshy disk. Stigma bipartite (occasionally 3-
partite) ; divisions thick. Berry crowned with the converging limb of the
calyx, ovate-globose, somewhat coriaceous, 2- (or occasionally 3- sometimes
‘from abortion 1-) celled. Seeds solitary in each cell, plano-convex or angled.
Albumen somewhat cartilaginous, grumose (divided into small lobes by nu-
merous chinks and fissures). Embryo erect, small, slightly curved, some-
what dorsal: cotyledons lanceolate.—Glabrous shrubs. Leaves opposite,
petioled, attenuated at the base. Stipules usually with hair at their base on
the inside, often caducous. Corymbs terminal. Flowers sessile.

Several East Indian species of Psychotria, as P. Reevesii, belong to’this genus.

1829. (1) G. subinteger (W. & A. Q erect: leaves long-petioled, oblong-
lanceolate, tapering at the base: stipules oval, caducous: corymbs long-pe-
duncled with rarely a pair of leaves at the lowest branches, naked (or with
minute bracteas): calyx-limb membranaceous, entire with 5 minute teeth:
tube of the corolla very short, scarcely so long as the limb of the calyx:
berry globose, not furrowed.— Wight ! cat. n. 1346.

Sent formerly to Dr Wallich as a species of Ivora : we do not know under
what name it is inserted in his List.

. . 1380. (2) G. congesta (W. & A.:) erect: leaves short-petioled, oblong,
acuminated at both ends, becoming yellowish by drying: stipules broadly
triangular, cuspidate, caducous : corymbs sessile, at first compact and scarce-
. ly lenger than the stipules, afterwards larger but also compact or rarely
when in fruit, naked: calyx-limb somewhat bluntly 5-toothed:
tube of the corolla short, scarcely longer than the calyx-limb: berry ovoid,
not furrowed.— Wight ! cat. n. 1347.
. The fruit is black and similar to the figure of Geertner’s G. nigra: perhaps
it may be that species. Dr Wight sent it formerly to Dr Wallich without a
name, but it does not appear to be in his List. The hair inside the stipules
close to the corymb is very copious and of a bright tawny colour.

XXVI. PSYCHOTRIA. Linn.

Calyx-tube ovate ; the limb short, 5-lobed, 5-toothed or somewhat entire.
Corolla infundibuliform, usually short, 5- (or rarely 4-) cleft, regular: throat
glabrous or bearded ; limb spreading or recurved, segments incurved at the
point: sstivation valvular. Stamens 5 or rarely 4; the anthers exserted OF

included within the throat of the corolla. Stigma bifid. Berry drupaceous, er

containing 2 nuts, erowned with the limb of the calyx, usually marked with
10 ribs by drying, sometimes 4-angled and with 4 furrows, sometimes even.
Nuts chartaceously coriaceous, ribbed, angled or even, 1-seeded. Seed erect,
with a cartilaginous solid (not ruminated) albumen.— Trees or shrubs, rare-
ly herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite, petioled. Peduncles usually termi-
nal. Flowers panicled or corymbose. ca

De Candolle's definition is much more limited: he requires a short corolla, a 10-
ribbed fruit, ribbed nuts, and a small erect embryo at the base of the albumen; but

-Psvouorau: RUBIACEJE. 433

this character would exclude numerous species pegcipally from East India, placed by
him in the genus: thus P. eurviflora, Wall., and P. ophioxyloides, Wall., have the co-
rolla long and slender, and P. spherocarpa, Wall., has the fruit without ribs. De Can-
dolle has already remarked that in some species there are 4 stamens and 4 divisions
to the flower, and that in others both that and the normal number occur in the same
specimen. In Ivora and Pavetía, on the other hand, similar anomalies have been
observed ; so that it is probable that the long-flowered species (one of which, and the
only one of which we have seen the seeds, has them convex and without furrows on
the outside, and deeply concave on the inner) ought to be referred to Irora; the
shape of the corolla, however, is different.

1331. (1) P. ambigua (W. & A.:) shrubby, erect, glabrous: leaves oblong-
lanceolate, tapering much at the base, lower ones long-petioled, upper short-
ly: stipules triangular-ovate, acuminated or cuspidate: corymbs terminal,
peduncled, trichotomous, lax, somewhat fleshy, with small ovate acute some-
times toothed bracteas subtending the ramifications: limb of the calyx shortly
cup-shaped, minutely 5-toothed: flower-bud clavate and curved: corolla
somewhat tubular, widest at the mouth, 6-8 times longer than the calyx,
slightly hairy about the insertion of the stamens: filaments short; anthers
exserted, linear, mucronulate: stigma somewhat included, the divisions li-
near: fruit globose, with 10 small ribs, even between the ribs: albumen thin,
cup-shaped.— Wight ! cat. n. 1350. Courtallum mountains. dh
. The albumen is horny, with the embryo small at its base: the disk is
shortly cylindrical, longer than the limb of the calyx, and obscurely 5-lobed
atthe apex: ovule erect: nuts open along the middle of the inner surface

as in the coffee.

t 1332. (2) P. truncata (Wall.:) shrubby, erect, glabrous: leaves long-
petioled, elliptic-ovate, tapering at the base, becoming yellowish on being
dried; axils with a tuft of long white hairs: stipules — ovate, acute, de-
ciduous, often longer than the petioles: corymb terminal, small, peduncled,
about two-thirds shorter than the uppermost pair of leaves; ramifications
fleshy, rather short, with a pair of small bracteas under each division: calyx
truncated, obscurely 5-toothed: corolla about 4 times longer than the calyx.
— Wall. in Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 162.

t1333. (3) P. connata (Wall.:) shrubby, erect, glabrous: leaves very
shortly petioled, lanceolate, acuminated, tapering much at the base : stipules
ovate, cuspidate, slightly recurved at the apex, twice the length of the pe-
tioles, the uppermost acuminated: corymb terminal, long-peduncled, ovate,
the first ramifications umbellate, the rest trichotomous ; partial peduncles
with two large ovate acute obscurely lobed ciliated connate bracteas: calyx-
limb urceolate, entire, obscurely 5-toothed: tube of the corolla about thrice
longer than the calyx : stigma included, the divisions linear: berry ovate, an-
gular when dried: seeds flat.— Wall. in Roxb. fl. Ind. (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 163. —

1334. (4) P. levigata (W. & A.:) shrubby, erect, glabrous: leaves very
shortly petioled, oblong-lanceolate, acuminated, cuneate or tapering at the
base: stipules lanceolate, acuminated, twice the length of the petioles: co-
rymb terminal, longish-peduncled ; primary rays and those on the central
Primary one in fives, subtended by four bracteas ; the other rays in threesand
subtended by two bracteas; bracteas all lanceolate-acuminated, connate at
the base : flowers aggregated at the extremities of the partial rays, intermixed
with broad lanceolate acuminated bracteas: calyx-limb 5-cleft, lobes ovate,
slightly ciliated: tube of the corolla much bearded in the throat, scarcely
longer than the segments of the calyx: filaments longish, exserted ; anthers
oblong : stigma short and thick, bilamellate, scarcely exserted : berry ovate,
with four deep furrows: albumen flat on the inner side, with two deep dorsal
furrows and a broad obtuse rib between them.— Wight ! cat. n. 1349.—Vitex
levigata, herb. Madr.——Courtallum. — R

Ovule erect: the disk that crowns the ovary is 5-lobed. We are very
doubtful if this and the next are genuine species of the genus: but the large

Ee

484- RUBIACEÆ. PsycHOTRIA.

size of the bracteas and bracteoles are scarcely sufficient to remove them to
Cephelis.

1335. (5) P.? bracteata (W.'& A.:) shrubby, erect, glabrous: leaves some-
what shortly petioled, oblong-obovate, with a sudden short point, DK
yellowish on being dried, uppermost ones oval; axils with a tuft of longis
hair: stipules oblong-oval, caducous: corymb terminal, long-peduncled ;
primary rays and lowest ones of the central primary ray in fives, subtended
by four bracteas ; the other rays in threes and subtended by two bracteas:
bracteas all broadly obovate, obtuse or emarginate, connate at the base: flow-
ers aggregated at the extremities of the secondary rays, surrounded by and
intermixed with several large roundish bracteas: calyx-limb 5-cleft; lobes
roundish, emarginate, the edges overlapping: tube of the corolla a little
longer than the calyx-limb, much bearded in the throat : anthers oblong, ses-
sile, slightly exserted : stigma scarcely exserted, short and thick, bilamellate.
— Wight ! cat. n. 1348.

Of this we have not seen the fruit.

1336. (6) P. bisuleata (W. & A.:) shrubby, diffuse, glabrous: leaves with a
short petiole slightly dilated at the base, oblong-lanceolate, tapering at the
base : stipules triangular-acuminated, caducous: corymb terminal, peduneled,
small, few-flowered, trichotomous or with the primary rays in fives, with
minute acute bracteas subtending the ramifications: calyx-limb 5-lobed ;
lobes roundish-ovate: tube of the corolla bearded in the throat, about twice
the length of the calyx-limb: filaments exserted ; anthers oblong : stigma
nearly included, short and thick, bipartite : berry ovate, 4-furrowed by dry-
ing: seed and albumen flat on the inner side, with two deep dorsal furrows
and an intermediate broad blunt ridge.— Wight ! cat. n. 1351.

1337. (7) P.? vaginans (DC.:) shrubby, erect, glabrous: leaves obovate-
oblong or oval, shortly pointed, attenuated at the base : stipules intrafoliace-
ous, at length 2-toothed, combined into a sheathing 2-cleft tube: corymb
terminal, peduncled, with or without a pair of small leaves at its base, pani-
Ai kapad “shaped, trichotomous, puberulous, with oblong acuminated toothed small
bracteas subtending all the divisions : calyx-limb broadly cup-shaped, trun-
cated and shortly 5-toothed: tube of the corolla slightly longer than the ca-
lyx-limb, | y in the throat : anthers nearly sessile, exserted, oblong-linear:
p slightly ; stigma thickish, short, 2-partite, segments recurved.—

W prod. 4. p. 520 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1352.—Ophioxylon arboreum, Koen.

We have not seen the fruit, so that it may prove to be a species of Gru-
milea. Our specimens are from Klein's herbarium, marked “ Bentodi, March
16. 1796.” We follow De Candolle in supposing the panicle to be pedun-
cled; for, although it at first often appears to be sessile, on account of the

two leaves at its base, yet the stipules to these leaves are of a different shape
from those below. ;

1338. (8) P.? nudiflora (W. & A.:) shrubby, glabrous: young shoots com-
pressed : stipules ovate, acute, deciduous : leaves petioled, aaeoa R i
shortly pointed, tapering much at the base, shining on both sides: co
terminal, longish-peduncled, small, ovate, without bracteas or bracteoles ;
primary rays in fives, short, the others trichotomous : calyx-limb short, trun-
cated, iine: d 4-toothed : tube of the corolla somewhat campanulate, ~
times the length of the calyx-limb, glabrous on the inside ; lobes 4: stamer
4; filaments very short; anthers oval, exserted: style glabrous, perforating,
the thick obscurely 4-lobed disk, exserted ; divisions of the stigma thick,
. Spreading.— Wight! cat. n. 1354. ‘i

_ We do not know that Dr Wallich has taken up this species : it was sent to
2 formerly as probably a species of Ophiorrhiza, with which it ?
he naked inflorescence ; but the ovule is solitary and erect in each ce a
ovary. Perhaps our character may require to be modified, as we have petot”
us only one specimen, and that without fruit: those sent to the India House
were much more complete.

Correa. RUBIACEA. : 435

XXVII. COFFEA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 25; Lam. il. t. 160.

Calyx-tube ovate, globose or turbinate ; limb small, 4—5-toothed. Corolla
tubular, infundibuliform ; limb spreading, 4-5 partite, the lobes oblong: eesti-
vation twisted. Stamens 4-5, inserted on the summit or middle of the tube,
exserted or included. Style bifid at the apex, the lobes rarely cohering.
Berry umbilicated, naked or crowned with the calyx-limb, containing two
somewhat parchment-like 1-seeded nuts. Seed conyex on the outer side,
flat and marked with a longitudinal furrow on the inner. Embryo erect in a
horny albumen ; radicle terete, obtuse ; cotyledons foliaceous.—Trees or
shrubs. Leaves opposite. . Stipules interpetiolar.

This character is adopted from De Candolle, except what we have added relative-
to the xstivation of the corolla: we fear it is not sufficient to distinguish the genus
from several others ; and moreover it is exceedingly doubtful that several species, of
which the fruit is unknown, do accord with it : the anthers in all the specimens we
have seen are long-linear.

* 1389. (1) C. Arabica (Linn.:) stipules on both sides solitary, entire:
leaves oblong-ovate, acuminated, glabrous: peduncles axillary, short, aggre-
gated: calyx-limb not increasing after flowering: corolla 5-cleft, glabrous in
the throat: anthers linear, entirely exserted: style much exserted : stigma bi-
partite, lobes linear: berry ovate-—DC. prod. 4. p. 499 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 755 ;
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 539; (ed. Wail.) 2. p. 193; Wail.! L.n.6243; Wight!
cat. n. 1355.— Pluk. t. 243. f. 1.

1340. (2) C. Benghalensis (Roxb.:) shrubby and bushy: leaves oblong or
ovate, obtuse-pointed, glabrous on both sides or liairy on the nerves under-
neath ; stipules subulate: flowers somewhat sessile, usually 1-3 (sometimes
more) together: limb of the calyx almost entire, not increasing after flower-.
ing : corolla 5-cleft, glabrous within, segments oval-oblong : anthers attached
by the middle of their back to the tube of the corolla, linear, with the point
curved and alone exserted : style about half the length of the corolla: stigma.
bipartite, lobes linear: berry shortly ovoid.— Roab. fl. Ind. 1. p. 540 ; (ed.
Wall.) 2. p. 194; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1031; Roth, nov. sp. p. 148; DC.
prod. 4. p 499 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 755 ; Wall. L. n. 6244 ; Wight! cat. n. 1356.

We have great doubts if this and the two next be not varieties of one spe-
cies: in Roxburgh's drawing, from cultivated speeimens, some of the leaves
are represented scarcely above an inch long, while in C. Wightiana they are
occasionally as large, although usually not above half an inch in length ; C.
Travancorensis is intermediate: the three agree in all the remarkable or es-
sential points, the long tube to the corolla, and included stamens attac’ ed by
the middle of their back. Perhaps none of them sie. d to the present ge-
nus: in the only ripe berry (in C. Travancorensis) which we have seen, we
could find no trace of the parchment-like nut; the seed lay loose in the in-
terior of each cell, so that if the nut were present it must have been incorpo-
rated with the pericarp : as, however, too much injury has been already done
to the science by naming or constituting species and genera from isolated 9r
imperfect materials, we prefer leaving them for the present n Coffea.

1341. (3) C. Travancorensis (herb. Madr.:) hrubby and bushy: leaves
ovate or oblong, bluntly or shortly pointed, glabrous on both sides: stipules
short-roundish, with a cuspidate point: flowers 3-4, nearly sessile on very
short axillary somewhat abortive leafless branchlets: limb of the calyx almost
quite entire, not increasing after ide corolla 5-cleft, glabrous within,

ents obovate or cuneate oblong: anthers attached by the middle of their

back to the tube of the corolla, linear, with the pP curved and.
re

436 : RUBIACEA. GrorPHILA.

alone exserted: style not half the length of the corolla; stigma bipartite,
lobes linear. —Wall.! L: n. 6245 ; Wight! cat. n. 1357. Travancore.
Perhaps only to be distinguished from the last by the stipules.

1342. (4) C. Wightiana (Wall.:) shrubby, bushy, rigidly and shortly
branched, with occasionally short axillary abortive or spinescent branchlets:
leaves ovate, obtuse, glabrous on both sides: stipules subulate, rigid and
spinescent: flowers usually solitary, sessile, axillary or at the apex of short
2-leaved axillary branchlets: limb of the calyx with about 10 minute gland-
like teeth, not increasing after flowering: corolla 5-cleft, pubescent or vis-
cous on the outside, glabrous within ; segments linear-oblong: anthers at-
tached by the middle of their back to the tube of the corolla, linear, entirely
included: style not half the lengtb of the corolla; stigma bipartite, lobes li-
near: berry somewhat didymous.—Wall.! L. n. 6246 ; Wight! cat. n. 1358.
Coimbatore.

XXVIII. GEOPHILA. Don.

Calyx-tube obovate ; limb 5-partite, the segments linear, spreading or re-
curved. Corolla tubular, hairy in the throat, with five ovate somewhat re-
curved lobes. Anthers 5, included. Stigma bifid. Berry ovoid, angled with
ribs, crowned with the calyx, 2-celled, 2-seeded.—Herbaceous perennial de-
pressed creeping plants. Leaves petioled and cordate, almost like those of
Viola. Stipules solitary on both sides, undivided. Peduncles springing from
the uppermost axil, terminal, solitary, bearing several flowers at the apex.
Flowers somewhat sessile, umbellate, involucred by several bracteas that
are shorter than the flowers. ;

1343. (1) G. reniformis (Don :) petioles and peduncles hirsute or pubes-

. cent: leaves roundish-cordate : peduncles 2-3-flowered, shorter than the leaf.

. Don. prod. fl. Nep. p. 136 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 537; Spr. syst. suppl. p. 82;

Cham. and Schlecht. in Linnea, 4. p. 137.—G. diversifolia, DC. ? l. e-—Psy-

-chotria herbacea, Linn. sp. p. 245; Roab. fl. Ind. 1. p. 533; (ed. Wall.) ?.
p. 161.—Rheed. Mai. 10. t. 21 Malabar ; Rheede.

Variable as to pubescence and shape of the leaves: sometimes they are
quite obtuse, sometimes acute. We have specimens from Otaheite of what
appears the very same plant, but almost entirely glabrous and with the pe-
duncles 1-flowered. De Candolle enumerates six species, but putting out 0
view the variable parts of the character (as pubescence and form of the
leaves), we can scarcely say how they are to be distinguished: most of them
are taken up either from authors who appear to have described them from
solitary specimens, and who therefore could not have seen the connecting

pr or who had been unaequainted with the species noticed by other bo-
ists.

TRIBE VII. SPERMACOCER. Cham. and Schlecht.

Stigma bilamellate or undivided. Fruit dry or scarcely fleshy, com-
posed usually of two, rarely of three or four |-seeded mericarps, that
are sometimes concrete, sometimes separating and indehiscent, and
sometimes variously dehiscent: dehiscence never loculicidal. Albu-
men fleshy or somewhat horny.—Shrubs or herbaceous plants. Leaves
opposite. Stipules membranaceous at the base, with usually se
bristles at the apex.

BicELow14. RUBIACES. 437

SUBTRIBE I. EUSPERMACOCER. DC.

Flowers distinct: fruit dry, splitting into 2 (sometimes 3-4) portions, rarely fallin,
off with the parts cohering together. E : tn : A *

XXIX. BIGELOWIA. Spr.—Borreria, Meyer (not Achar); DC.

Calyx-tube ovate ; limb persistent, divided into 2—4 teeth. Corolla hypo-
erateriform or infundibuliform, 4-lobed. Stamens 4, exserted or included.
Stigma bifid or undivided. Capsule crowned with the limb of the calyx, 2-
celled, when ripe splitting septicidally from the apex downwards, without
any free dissepiment ; the cocci 1-seeded, each dehiscing equally by a longi-
tudinal chink along the inner surface. Seeds ovate-oblong, marked on the
inner side with a longitudinal furrow.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants.
Leaves opposite or apparently verticillate from the presence of some axillary
fascicled young ones. Stipules connate with both “petioles, more or less
sheathing, fringed on both sides with several bristles. Flowers axillary or
terminal, usually verticillate-capitate, small, white or blue.

We can scarcely insert here Borreria ocymoides of De Candolle, received from Mr
Lambert, as he does not mention from what part of India it was obtained : if
Lambert obtained it from Dr Wallich, as is probable, it is likely to be one of the true

species of Spermacoce in his List : Sperm. s, Burm. fl. Ind. t. 13. f. 1, a Java
plant with glabrous stems and tomentose leaves, is surely very distinct.

1344. (1) B. /asiocarpa (W. & A.:) stem herbaceous, erect, acutely 4-
angled, the angles scabrous from small recurved prickles : leaves linear-lan-
ceolate, scabrous : bristles of the stipules longer than the sheath, glabrous and
smooth, filiform and rigid: verticils of flowers globose, axillary, remote:
fruit obovate-globose, glabrous and somewhat membranaceous at the base,
very hispid towards the apex, crowned with the four erect calycine lobes.—
Wight! cat. n. 1359.—Spermacoce lasiocarpa, Brown in Wall.! L. n. 832.—
S. stricta, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 310 (not Linn.) ; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 376; DC.
prod. 4. p. 554.—S. verticillata, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 537.

We scarcely know how this differs from Sp. stricta of Linnæus, but, al-
though Mr Brown only says that it is scarcely the Linnæan plant, we presume
that he would not have encumbered the science with an additional name but
for the best reasons.

1345. (2) B. Roxburghiana (W. & A. :) stems herbaceous, 4-angled, as-
cending, glabrous and smooth : leaves oblong-lanceolate, acuminated at both
ends, slightly scabrous : bristles of the stipules 2-3 times longer than the
sheath, glabrous and smooth, filiform and rigid: verticils of flowers axillary,
globose, remote: fruit somewhat hemispherical, compressed, hispid, crowned
with the 4 erect subulate calycine lobes.— Wight ! cat. n. 1360.—Spermacoce
Roxburghiana, Wall.! L. n. 6186.—Dindygul, Travancore, and other south-
em provinces. __ Rec PR

The root appears sometimes to be annual, sometimes woody or even suf-
fruticose. As a species it only differs from the last by the smooth stems.

1346. (8) B. Kieinii (W. & A. :) stems 4-angled, glabrous: leaves (small)
euneate-ovate, acute, sessile, glabrous and smooth : bristles of the stipules
2-3 times longer than the sheath, glabrous and ,smooth, filiform and rigid :
verticils of flowers axillary, globose, remote : früit; somewhat hemispherical,
compressed, hispid, crowned with the 4 erect subulate calycine lobes.—Sper-
macoce ocymoides, herb. Madr. (not Burm.) ; Wall.! L. n. 6185. .— e

It is with sach reluctance that we characterise this species, convinced as

we are that it is a mere accidental form of the preceding. B. ramosa (Sp.

438 RUBIACE X. SrPERMACOCE.

ramosa, Wall.! L. n. 831) is quite intermediate, having the leaves shaped as
in B. Kleinii, but slightly hispid as in B. Roxburghiana.

XXX. SPERMACOCE. Linn; Meyer ; Cham. and Schlecht.

Calyx-tube ovate or turbinate ; the limb divided into 2—4 teeth, with some-
times aécessory ones: Corolla hypocrateriform or infundibuliform, 4-lobed.
Stigma bifid or entire: Capsule crowned with the (sometimes obliterated)
limb of the calyx, 2-celled; the cocci 1-seeded, separating from the apex
downwards, the one shut by the dissepiment, the other open. Seeds oval-
oblong, marked on the: inner side with a longitudinal furrow.—Herbaceous
or suffrutescent plants. Stems and branches usually 4-angled. Leaves op-
posite. Stipules cohering with both petioles, sheathing, fringed with several
bristles. Flowers axillary, sessile, crowded, verticillate or half-verticillate,
small, white or blue.

1347. (1) S. articularis (Linn. :) herbaceous, diffuse, hairy and scabrous :
leaves from broad-lanceolate to obovate-oblong, usually acute but not point-
ed: bristles of the stipules longer than the hispid sheath: flowers 2-4 axil-
lary, sessile, tube of the corolla slender, 4-8 times longer than the teeth of
the calyx: capsule oval, pubescent hirsute or villous, crowned with 4 caly-
cine teeth.— Linn. f. suppl. p. 119 (exc. syn.); DC. prod. 4. p. 555 ; Spr. syst.

.1.p. 402; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 372; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 878 ; in E. I. C. mus.
a [cart i me L. ù. 827; Wight! cat. n. 1361.—S. scabra, Wall.! L. n.

PAPY Peon ' =e

. This can only be recognised from the following by the slender tube of the
corolla, and as both species vary considerably in its length and shape, we
are even much inclined. to doubt if that character ought to be trusted to.

tere. ore Ravally flat, bat in yey arid soils become occasionally d
and was - longicaulis, Br. in Wall.! L. n. 826, appears to us to ?
mere form of our plant. a re

1848. (2) S. hispida (Linn.:) herbaceous, diffuse, more or less hairy or sca-
brous : res from obovate-oblong to roundish, bluntish and somewhat mu-
cronate or slightly lanceolate and pointed, flattish or waved : bristles of the
stipules longer than the hirsute sheath : flowers axillary, usually 1—4 together
(sometimes more numerous), sessile: tube of the corolla rather wide, from as
long to twice or thrice as long as the calyx-teeth ; fruit hirsute or villous,
oval, crowned with the 4 calycine-teeth.— Linn. mant. p. 558; DC. prod. 4.
p. 555 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 400 ; Rowb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 373; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 919 ;
in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1526; Wall.! L. n. 825; Wight! cat. n. 1362.—Sp. bir-
ta, Rottl. in nov. act. n. cur. Berol. 1803. p. 95.—S. scabra, Willd. sp. 1. p.
572; DC. 1. c.; Spr.l. c. p. 401; Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 871; (ed. Wall.) 1. p.
971 ; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1524; Wall. !L. n. 824 (partly ).—Rheed. Mal. 9.
t. 76; Burm. Zeyl. t. 20. f. 3. : :

A common plant in the Peninsula, and by no means confined to the oe |
lands near the sea shore, the locality mentioned by Roxburgh. It is found,
also, throughout many other parts of India; we have specimens before us
from Canton-China. In moist places the leaves are usually less harsh, muc
larger (sometimes 2 inches long and 1 inch broad) and scarcely waved, the
extreme state of which represents the Linnean plant: in dry sandy soils t
leaves are very harsh and rigid, smaller and rounder (often scarcely half an
inch each way), much waved and curled, and this represents S. hirta of Rot-
tler or S. scabra of Willdenow. But so numerous are the gradations that we

have found it quite irapossible to separate the specimens before us into varie”
ties. S. soasra, Wall.! L. n. 824. a, is the most distinct of all, having the
leaves narrow and slightly pointed ; in this respect it approaches to $.ramo —

Knoxia. RUBIACEJE. 439

sissima, Br. in Wall.! L. n. 829, if indeed that species be not likewise referable
to S. hispida.

tT 1349. (3) S. tenera. (Brown.)—Wall. L. n. 833.—8. ocymoides, herb.
Heyne (not Burm.).

Is perhaps a species of Bigelowia.

t 1350. (4) S. tubularis (Brown.)—Wall. L. n. 833.—8. hirta, herb. Heyne
(not Linn.).

As we understand that it was Rottler who usually named Heyne's plants
for him, we should have expected this species to have been the same which
we have referred above to S. hispida: we presume, however, that Mr Brown
has ascertained the contrary.

XXXI KNOXIA. Linn.; Gaertn. fr. t. 25 ; Lam. ill. t. 59.

Calyx-tube ovate, somewhat ribbed : limb of 4 unequal minute teeth that
are persistent and somewhat connivent when in fruit. Corolla hypocrateri-
form or infundibuliform ; tube terete, usually bearded in the throat ; limb 4-
lobed : sestivation valvular. Stamens 4, inserted upon the throat: filaments
shortish or wanting: anthers-oblong. Stigma 2-lobed. Fruit 2-celled, com-
posed of two indehiscent 1-seeded cocci: cocci either separating from each
other from the base upwards, or falling off cohering together; the axis per-
sistent and filiform (as the Umbellifere). Seeds ovate-triquetrous, erect.
Albumen fleshy. Embryo erect.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants. Stems
terete or 4-angled, erect. Leaves opposite, or apparently verticillated on ac-
count of the fascicled axillary young ones. Stipules undivided or with se-
veral bristles connecting the bases of the petioles. Cymes terminal, sessile or
peduncled, the branches elongating in fruit and becoming spike-shaped.

1351. (1) K. corymbosa (Willd. :) stem somewhat shrubby, erect, shortly
villous or more or less hirsute, terete or obtusely 4-angled ; young shoots
terete : leaves lanceolate, hispid on the upper side ; under pubescent, princi-
pally so on the nerves: stipules with several long erect bristles : cymes co-
rymbose, often very compound ; branches erect, at length spike-shaped : co-
rolla infundibuliform ; tube slender, very villous on the inside: anthers in-
cluded with the style exserted, or the filaments exserted with the style in-
cluded : fruit oval, falling off entire —Willd. sp. 1. p. 582; Spr. syst. 1. p.
406 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1363.—K. teres, DC. prod. 4. p. 569; Wall.! L. n. 819.—
K. umbellata, herb. Banks; Spr. l. c.—K. exserta, DC. I. c.—K. Sumatrensis,
Wall.! L. n. 6183.—Spermacoce teres, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 367 ; (ed. Wall.) 1.
p. 373; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1335.—8. exserta, Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 368; (ed
Wail.) 1. p. 374—S. Sumatrensis, Retz, obs. 4. p. 23 (according to Cham. and
Schlecht. in Linnea, 9. p. 966).— Pluk. t. 482. f. 2.—— Circars. Dindygul.
Colamala. Courtallum. | uz.

The same inverted proportion of stamens and style takes place in this plant,
and also in K. Heyneana and K. Wightiana, which we have already noticed
in several species of Hedyotis. We fear there are no good grounds for sepa-
rating Dr Wallich’s K. Sumatrensis: Dr Wight's specimens of it, which he
sent to Dr Wallich (Wall. L. n. 6183. b) were obtained from the Madras her-
barium under the name of S. corymbosa, Willd. (so named by Willdenow
himself), and are therefore identical with K. teres, Wall. L. n. 819. d.

1352. (2) K. mollis (Brown:) stem shrubby, erect, obsoletely 4-sided, vil-
lous ; branches 4-sided, villous: leaves lanceolate, pubescent : stipules with
several bristles or subulate divisions: cymes corymbose, compound, ramifi-
cations umbellate: corolla with a short tube: anthers included: fruit ob- -
long, splitting from the base upwards.—Brown in Wall.! L. n. 820.—K. Su-

440 RUBIACE E. Knoxia.

matrensis, DC. prod. 4. p. 569.—K. umbellifera, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab.
536.——Circars. . sach
Roxburgh refers here K. stricta, Geertn. fr. 1. p. 122. t. 25, which is con-
firmed by De Candolle, who had seen a specimen so named by Vahl, proba-
bly also received from Koenig, and therefore correctly labelled : but the name
is so much less appropriate when applied to this species than to K. Zeylani-
ea, that we are rather disposed to remove that synonym there : and in confir-
mation, it is not likely that Mr Brown would have E: a new specific name
to the present plant if it were really the same as Koenig’s in the Banksian
herbarium. De Candolle says that the specimen which he examined had an
annual root; so has our own from Dr Wallich, but the specimen is only of
one year’s growth, and we have no doubt but in favourable circumstances,
and in the wild state, the stem is shrubby. In Roxburgh’s drawing the co-
rymbs resemble a very compound umbel, and the corolla is shortly hypo-
crateriform with the tube gibbous ; in our specimen the corymbs are much
the same as in K. corymbosa, and the corolla, although short, is decidedly in-
fundibuliform : these variations, however, appear to be of no consequence.

1353. (3) K. Heyneana (DC.:) stem somewhat shrubby, obsoletely 4-an-
gled or terete, from slightly rough to quite glabrous and smooth: leaves lan-
ceolate, marked with the line-like nerves on the under side, very slightly
rough from minute points or sometimes quite smooth: stipules with several
longish bristles: cymes trichotomous, the branches in fruit elongated : corolla
long-infundibuliform ; tube slender at the base, much dilated at the mouth :
anthers included or exserted : fruit oval, splitting from the base upwards.—
DC. prod. 4. p. 570; Wight! cat. n. 1364.—Spermacoce corymbosa, Roth,
mov. sp. p. 98 ; Spr. syst. 1. p. 404.

The specimens before us appear to have been gathered by Heyne, but we

. do not know the precise locality.

.. 1354. (4) K. Wightiana (Wall.:) shrubby, and quite glabrous all over :
. Stems 4-sided ; branches terete, long and twiggy: leaves lanceolate, upper
_ Ones narrower and linear, bluntish, somewhat coriaceous: stipules lanceolate,
entire or with a subulate process on each side : cymes peduncled, trichoto-
mous; branches elongating in fruit: corolla infundibuliform ; tube shortish :
nthers exserted or included : fruit compressed-orbicular, splitting from the
base upwards.—Wall.! L. n. 6184 ; Wight! cat. n. 1365.——-Courtallum. —
1355. (5) K. Zeylaniea (Linn. :) stem erect, glabrous, somewhat terete :
leaves lanceolate, glabrous: stipules with several Tongish bristles: cyme com-
posed of 1-3 very long simple erect spike-like branches: corolla infundibu-
liform ; tube long, slender at the base, bearded in the throat: fruit ovate,
splitting from the base upwards.— Linn. sp. p. 151 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 569 ; Spr i
syst. 1. p. 406; Burm. fl. Ind p. 94. t. 19.2; Lam. ill. t. 59. f. 1; Wight:
cat. n. 1366.—K. stricta, Gærtn.? fr. 1. p. 122. t. 25. i
Our specimen is from Rottler’s herbarium: we do not know the locality. |

SUBTRIBE IL.—PUTORIEE. DC.

Fruit more or less fleshy, entire.

XXXII. SERISSA. Comm.; Lam. ili. t. 151. f.9.—Dysoda. Lour.—
Buchozia. L Her.

Calyx-tube obovate; limb 5- (or occasionally 4-) cleft, lobes short, with
sometimes accessory intermediate teeth. Corolla infundibuliform : tube hairy
on the inside: limb 5- (or occasionally 4-) lobed; lobes induplicate du-
ring sstivation. Stamens 5-4: anthers linear, exserted. Style included-

HYDROPHYLAX. RUBIACEÆ. 441

Stigma bifid. Berry somewhat globose, 2-celled, 2-seeded, crowned with the
limb of the calyx.—Shrubby, almost entirely glabrous with the exception of
the young shoots : branches whitish. Leaves somewhat sessile, opposite, and
often fascicled in the axils, giving out a disagreeable smell when bruised.
Stipules connate with the petioles, with a few rigid spinescent bristles.
Flowers somewhat fascicled, terminal, white.

* 1356. (1) S. fætida (Comm.)—Comm. in Juss. gen. p. 209 ; DC. prod. 4.
p. 575; Spr. syst. 1. p. 1565 Roxb. fi. Ind. 1. p. 579; (ed. Wall.) 2. p. 268 ;
Wall.! L. n. 6226 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1368.—Dysoda fasciculata, Lour. Coch. (ed
Willd.) 1. p. 181 (descr. of fruit bad).—D. fætida, S«/isb.—Lycium Japoni-
cum, Thunb. Jap. t. 17.—L. foetidum, Linn. suppl. p. 150.—L. Indicum, Retz,
obs. 2. p. 12.—Buchozia coprosmoides, L’ Her.

We have specimens before us from China, the Madras herbarium, Mauri-
tius (Sieb. fl. mixta, No. 210), and the island of St Vincent's, but we suspect
it to be cultivated everywhere except in China or Japan: Roxburgh, indeed,
says expressly that it was introduced into the gardens in India from China.

XXXIIL. HYDROPHYLAX. Linn. f.; Lam. ill. t. 76. f. 1.—Sarissus,
Gertn. fr. 1. t. 25.

Calyx-tube ovate, angled : limb 4-partite, persistent ; segments acute, erect.
Corolla somewhat fleshy, widely infundibuliform, tubular and cylindrical be-
low, then much widened and campanulate, with a dense ring of moniliform
hairs on the inside at the base of the campanulate portion, 4-lobed. Stamens
4: filaments exserted, decurrent from between the lobes of the corolla to the
ring of hairs: anthers oblong. Ovary crowned with a fleshy disk. Style
perforating the disk, filiform, the length of the tube of the corolla. Stigma
obtuse, divided by a slight furrow with 2 lobes. Fruit oblong, fleshy, when
dry somewhat corky, compressed, acutely 4-angled, with smaller interme-
diate ribs or angles on the sides, crowned with the calycine segments, 2-
celled. Seeds solitary in each cell (one of them usually abortive), oblong.
Albumen hard: embryo erect.—Herbaceous, glabrous, with long creeping
terete stems, throwing up terete leafy branches. Leaves opposite, obovate-
oblong, sharp, fleshy. Stipules combined with the petioles into short trun-
cated entire or toothed cup-shaped sheathes. Flowers axillary, sessile, soli-
tary or in pairs, pinkish.

1357. (1) H. maritima (Linn.)—Linn. f. suppl. p. 126; DC. 4. p. 516 ;
Spr. E p p. 410; us Gon 3. 1. 295; righ 9187 (ed: Wall.) 1.
p.980; Wall! L. n. 6205; Wight! cat. n. 1369.—Sarissus anceps, Gertn.
+ pd 118. £. 25.——Sand-hills along the'sea coast of Coromandel and

alabar.

TRIBE VIIL—SsTELLAT. Ray; Cham. and Schlecht.

Flowers bisexual or rather unisexual. Corolla rotate or infundibuli-
form : lobes valvate in estivation. Styles 2, either distinct almost from
the base, or more or less concrete. Stigmas capitate. Fruit composed
of 9 indehiscent l-seeded meriearps. Seed-coat scarcely distinguish-
able from the pericarp and calyx-tube. Albumen horny.—Shrubs or
usually herbaceous plants. Leaves opposite, bearing buds in their axils,

442 RUBIACE.E. Rusia.

forming a verticil with the 1-3 leaf-shaped stipules on each side, (com-
monly also called leaves, but without axillary buds).

XXXIV. RUBIA. Tourn.; Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 60; Gertn. fr. 3. t. 195.

Calyx-tube ovate-globose; limb scacely any. Corolla 4-5-partite, rotate.
Stamens 4—5, short. Styles 2, short. Fruit baccate, didymous, somewhat
globose, fleshy and juiey.—Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants. Stems dif-
fuse, much branched, 4-angled. Leaves 2, opposite, with 2 or rarely 3—4 in-
termediate stipulęs similar to the leaves, forming a 4-8-leaved verticil.
Flowers small, greenish or yellowish white. Berries black, red, or white.

1358. (1) R. cordifolia (Linn.:) herbaceous: stem rough with prickles on
the angles, rarely smooth: leaves in fours, long-petioled, oblong or ovate,
acute or acuminated, more or less cordate, or the upper ones only rounded
at the base, 3-7-nerved ; the margins, middle nerve, and triquetrous petioles
rough with minute prickles: panicles in the upper axils, peduncled, trichoto-
mous, roundish: bracteas small, opposite, not forming an involucre : flowers
usually 5- (sometimes 4-) cleft.—Linn. mant. p. 197 ; DC. prod. 4. p. 588;
Spr. syst. 1. p. 997 ; Wall.! L.n.6209; Wight! cat. n. 1370.—R. Munjista,
Roxb. fl. Ind. 1. p. 874; (ed. Wall.) 1. p. 883; in E. I. C. mus. tab. ; DC.
l. c. —R. Munjith, Desv. journ. bot. 1814, 2. p. 207.—R. Javana, DC.? l. c.—R.
secunda, Moon, cat. Ceyl. pl. p. 10.——Dindygul. Neelgherries. i

Found throughout most of the mountainous parts of Middle and Eastern
Asia, from the Equator to Lat. 51? N., exhibiting very little variation in its
general aspect. Some of our specimens have the leaves glabrous, although
at the same time scabrous, on both sides except on the nerves: others have
the under side very pubescent between the nerves, but these are extreme
states: in a prina from Ceylon, the stem appears to be almost quite desti-
un prickles. The berries are, we believe, usually red, although sometimes

XXXV. GALIUM. Linn.; Lam. ill. t. 60; Gaertn. fr. 1. t. 24.

Calyx-tube ovate-globose or oblong, with scarcely any limb. Corolla 4-
(very rarely 3-) partite, rotate. Stamens short. Styles 2, short. Fruit
dida ous, roundish, rarely oblong, dry, composed of 2 indehiscent 1-seeded
so PARERE branched plants. Leaves with the stipules forming
a vertici.

1359. (1) G. asperifolium (Wall.:) perennial: stem much branched, 4-
sided ; branches flaccid, 4-sided ; dran ones with copious soft recurved
hair, older ones more glabrous: leaves in sixes, linear-oblong, somewhat cu-
neate at the base, with a sharp mucronate or bristle-shaped point, reflexed ;
upper side scabrous, recurved margins and midrib underneath with rigid re-
curved hairs : peduncles axillary, divaricately branched, many-flowered, ar-
ranged ina somewhat leafy panicle: divisions of the corolla lanceolate wi
a hair-like point: fruit glabrous, minutely granulated.— Wall. in Roxb. fl. Ind.
(ed. Wall.) 1. p. 381; DC. prod. 4. p. 598; Spr. syst. 1. p. 388 ; Wight! cat.
n. 1371.—G. aparine, Wall.! L. n. 6213, a (partly).—G. parviflorum, Don,
prod. fl. Nep. p. 133. Dindygul hills.

It will be observed, from comparing the character we have drawn u with
that given by Wallich and De Candolle, that there is scarcely any difference
between them: Wallich indeed: says that the flowers are large, while in our
plant they are small, according with the name given by Mr Don. None of
these botanists take notice of the minutely granulated fruit ; it is however

Y ALERIANA. VALERIANEJE. 443

readily seen with a microscope in our specimens, although far from maturity.
This species is not to be found in Wallich’s List; but what was sent to Mr
Arnott as n. 6213, a, from Nepaul, appears to be quite the same as the Pe-
ninsular plant. The flowers are white, but by drying become either yellow-
ish or black according to the care taken in preparing the specimens.

. 1360. (2) G. Requienianum (W. & A.:) perennial: stems diffuse, ascend-
ing, branched, and the branches 4-angled, clothed with much soft spreading
or deflexed hair, when old more glabrous : leaves in fours, roundish-obovate,
mucronate, 3-nerved ; upper side sprinkled with hairs ; under more copiously
hairy, particularly on the nerves and margin : peduncles axillary or terminal,
few-flowered, trichotomous, hairy: divisions of the corolla roundish-ovate,
slightly hairy on the outside: fruit roundish, hispid with hooked bristles.—
Wight! cat. n. 1372.——Dindygul hills.

Very closely allied to G. elegans, Wall. (with which G. latifolium, Don,
appears to be quite the same), but that species has the under surface of the
leaves, except on the nerves, less hairy than the upper, the panicles divari-
cated many-flowered and scarcely hairy, and the divisions of the corolla lan-
ceolate and acute.

+1361. (3) G. Indicum (Heyne).—Wall. L. n. 6214.

ORDER LXXXIL—VALERIANEJE. Juss.

Calyx with a limb of various kinds, either membranous or resembling
a pappus. Corolla inserted into the top of the ovarium, tubular, usual-
ly 5-lobed, rarely 3—4-lobed, lobes obtuse ; tube equal, or gibbous, or
spurred, at the base. Stamens 1—5, inserted into the tube of the co-
rolla, and alternate with its lobes: anthers ovate, 2-celled. . Ovarium
cohering with the tube of the calyx (inferior), 1-3-celled: ovule soli-
tary, pendulous : style filiform: stigmas 1-3, distinct or combined.
Fruit dry, indehiscent, crowned with the limb of the calyx, 1-celled,
or 3-celled (2 cells being then abortive). Seed solitary, pendulous.
Albumen none. Embryo straight: radicle superior: cotyledons flat.
—Leaves opposite, exstipulate.

I. VALERIANA. Linn.; Neck. ; DC.

.. Calyx-limb involute during flowering, afterwards unrolling and forming a
deciduous pappus of many plumose bristles. Corolla with the tube obconical
or cylindrical, equal or gibbous, but without a spur at the base: limb obtusely
5- (rarely 3-) cleft. Stamens 3. Fruit indehiscent, when ripe 1-celled, 1-
seeded.— Herbaceous or suffrutescent plants. Leaves various, often different-
ly shaped in the same specimen. Flowers corymbose, capitate, or panicled,
usually white, more rarely bluish, rose-coloured, or yellow. i
1362. (1) V. Brunoniana (W. & A.:) herbaceous, glabrous or very slight-

ly puberulous: stems erect with 1-2 pair of leaves near the root, and another

small pair about the middle, slightly hirsute on the knots: leaves somewhat
fleshy ; lower ones quite entire, ovate, bluntly acuminated, long-petioled, the

radical ones often emarginate at the base ; uppermost or small pair somewhat

sessile, narrow-oblong, entire or toothed along the margin : corymb terminal,
trichotomous, panicled, with a pair of foliaceous bracteas similar to the upper-

444 DIPSACE Æ. Dirsacus.

most leaves subtending the principal branches: corolla 5-cleft: fruit linear-
oblong, glabrous.— Wight ! cat. n. 1373.

1363. (2) V. Leschenaultii (DC.:) herbaceous: stem erect, simple, with
the knots hairy, otherwise glabrous: radical leaves petioled, ovate, obtuse,
crenated, hirsute on both sides; stalk-leaves remote, small, sessile, the up-

"permost cut in a pinnated manner into 3-5 linear glabrous lobes, the odd one
the longest: corymb contracted: fruit villous.—2 C. prod. 4. p. 640; Wail.?
L. n. 6636.

We have not seen this plant. We have quoted Wallich’s List with doubt,
because he mentions that his specimens were received from Dr Wight, while
the only species with simple leaves at present in Dr Wight’s collection is
V. Brunoniana. De Candolle says that the root-leaves with their petiole are
scarcely 2 inches long (in V. Brunoniana they are often nearly 6 inches),
and the habit is that of V. dioica.

1364. (3) V. Hookeriana (W. & A.:) herbaceous : stem erect, simple, with
the knots slightly hirsute, otherwise glabrous: radical leaves on very long
petioles, pinnated with 5-7 leaflets ; lower leaflets oblong, small, odd one
ovate or cordate-ovate and repand toothed, all hirsute along the margins ;
cauline leaves few and distant, the lower ones resembling the radical but
much smaller and with the odd leaflet oblong, uppermost pair sessile narrow-
oblong and toothed: corymb panicle-shaped, lax: corolla 5-cleft : fruit lan-
ceolate, shortly villous.— Wight ! cat. n. 1374.

ORDER LXXXIIL-—DIPSACEJE. Juss.

.. Calyx with a limb short or elongated, entire, or toothed, or pappose-

Corolla inserted on the apex of the tube of the calyx, tubular; limb
oblique, 4—5-lobed, rarely ringent: estivation imbricated. Stamens 4,
inserted on the tube of the corolla, alternate with its lobes, almost al-
ways distinct: anthers 2-celled. Ovarium cohering with the tube of
the calyx, either closely, or only by the apex, or at first free and after-
wards cohering, l-celled: ovule solitary, pendulous: style filiform :
stigma simple. Fruit dry, indehiscent, crowned by the limb of the
calyx, usually covered by an outer calyx or involucellum, 1-celled.
Seed solitary, pendulous. Embryo straight, in the axis of a fleshy al-
bumen: radicle superior. — Leaves opposite, very rarely verticillate,
variable in shape on the same plant. Flowers densely capitate, Or
very rarely verticillate.

I, DIPSACUS. Tourn.; Linn.; Gertn. fr. t. 86; Lam. ill. t. 56.

Flowers aggregated upon a common receptacle, separated from each other
by palese, and each furnished with a partial calyx-shaped involucel. Heads
surrounded by a general many-flowered involucre, which is usually much
longer than the pales. Palese acuminated, somewhat foliaceous. Involucel
8-furrowed. Calyx-limb somewhat cup-shaped or discoid. Corolla 4-cleft,
notringent. Stamens 4, free, and nearly equal. Stigma longitudinal. Fruit
crowned with the somewhat 4-angled limb of the calyx, included within the
involucel.—Herbaceous biennial or rarely perennial, erect, hairy or slightly
prickly plants. Leaves opposite, often connate at the base, toothed, pinnati-

Dipsacus. DIPSACUS. 445

fid. Heads terminal, oblong-ovate, or roundish. Corolla lilac-coloured, yel-
low or whitish.

1365. (1) D. Leschenaultii (Coult.:) stem even, slighty hairy, without `
prickles: leaves lyrately pinnatifid, acuminated, deeply serrated at the apex,
villous or hairy on both sides ; lower ones petioled ; the lobes 3-nerved at the
base : leaflets of the involucre patulous, shorter than the globose head, scarce-
ly longer than the hairy oblong acuminated pales: involucel slightly pro-
duced beyond the furrows into a membranaceous crown.—Coulter in DC.!
prod. 4. p. 647 ; Wight ! cat. n. 1875.—Scabiosa Brunoniana, Wall.! L. n. 429.
Neelgherries. Dindygul.

So very closely allied to Cephalaria alpina, that we can scarcely bring our-
selves to consent to their being referred to different genera: in Cephalaria,
however, the involuere is not foliaceous as in our plant.

( 446 )

In consequence of having received additional specimens from India
during the printing of this volume, and of having obtained the unlimited
use of Dr Hooker's valuable copy of the drawings presented by Dr
Roxburgh to the East India Company's Museum, we are enabled to
make the following

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

No. 1. add, C. Gouriana, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1453.

— 17. add, D. Indica, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 101.

— 20. add, M. champaca, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1071.

— 25. add, Uv. odorata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1986.

— 32. add, Unona moniliformis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 956.

— 33. add, Unona odoratissima, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 955.

— 35. add, Unona altissima, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 954. *

— 41. When the character was printed we had only seen the leaves and
fruit: since, however, we have discovered a misplaced specimen of the male
inflorescence (Wight! cat. n. 522), and received others in the same state in a
good condition from the Peninsula, which enable us to determine that Coc-
culus suberosus, the type of De Candolle's genus Cceculus, does not agree
with his character, but is the Anamirta of Colebrooke; and although the
** Cocculus Indicus” of commerce must thus be excluded from the genus as
Ege defined, it may be inserted at the beginning of the order with the
following character :—
exa ANAMIRTA. Colebr.

Flowers diecious. Calyx of 6 sepals in a double series with 2 close-
pressed bracteoles. Corolla none. Mats. Stamens united into a central
column dilated at the apex : anthers numerous, covering the whole globose
apex of the column. Ferm. Flowers unknown. Drupes 1-3, 1-celled, 1-
seeded. Seed globose, deeply excavated at the hilum. Albumen fleshy:
cotyledons very thin, diverging.— T wining, with a corky bark. Leaves more
or less cordate-ovate. Flowers in lateral compound racemes.

41. (1) A. Cocculus (W. & A.)—A. paniculata, Colebr. in Linn. soe. trans.
13. p. 52. and 66 ; Wight ! cat. tu o on Cocculus, Linn.—M.
heteroclitum, Rowb. hort. Bengh. p. 105.—M. monadelphum, Rowb. in E. I. C.
mus. tab. 130.— Cocculus suberosus, W. & A. p. 11.——Mountainous parts of
the Peninsula. :

Most of the synonyms we have adduced, at p. 12, still appear to us to pi-
long to it, although it must be confessed that the old figures in Rheede, and
particularly in Rumphius, give no idea of the plant. Rheede (Mal. 7. t. 1.)
represents in some flowers the stamens long and distinct, in others the an-
thers sessile, and he describes the flowers “ apicibus flavis adspersi.” — —

— 46. add, Men. hirsutum, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 129.

— 54. add, Tamara rubra, Roxb. in E. I. C, mus. tab. 663.—T. alba, Roxb.
4. e. tab. 664.— Rheed. Mal. 11. t. 30: Rumph. Amb. 6. t. 13.

— 55. add, N. Cachlara, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 659.

9

-

i to be joined to his H. aculeatus. Probably R

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 447

No. 56. add, N. rubra, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 657.
— 57. add, N. Lotus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 658.

— 57. bis (4) N. edulis (DC.:) leaves oval, quite entire, downy under-
neath ; margin sometimes very slightly waved ; lobes at the base diverging:
petiole attached a little within the margin: flowers white: connectivum not
prolonged: stigma 10-15-rayed.— DC. prod. 1. p. 115 ; Spr. syst. 2. p. 605.—
N. esculenta, Rowb. fl. Ind. 2. p. 578; in E. I. C. mus. tab. 660.—Castalia
edulis, Salisb. in Ann. Bot. 2. p. 73. Cirears ; Roxburgh.

Flowers nearly 3 inches in diameter.

— T 65. bis (2) Sinapis erysimoides (Roxb.)— Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 128.

Perhaps a variety of S. nigra.

— +65. ter (3) S. pusilla (Roxb.)—Rowb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 125.

The siliquee are described as filiform, the seeds compressed, and the stigma
sessile, whence we presume it cannot belong to the present genus. We have
not seen it.

— 67. add, Cleome pentaphylla, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 608.— Rheed.
Mal. 9. t. 24. es ^ :

— 68. add, C. monophylla, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1988.

— 70. add, C. diffusa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 340.

— 72. add, Cleome Chelidonii, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 339.

— 73. add, Cleome icosandra, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 669.

— 76. add, Capparis trifolia, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 15. ;

— 79. add, Capparis heterogenea, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 160.

— 80. add, Cleome fruticosa, Row). in E. I. C. mus. tab. 667.

— 81. add, Strcemia trifoliata, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1798.

— 88. add, C. zeylanica, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 161.

— 92. add, C. sepiaria, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 159.—Pluk. t. 338.
fol. 27. pl. 3.

— 111. add, Chilmoria pentandra, Ham.! in Linn. soc. tr. 13. p. 501.—
Rheed. Mal. 1. t. 36.

— 116. add, Viola suffruticosa, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1807.

— 141. add, T. Indica, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 595.

— 142. add, T. dioica, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1390.

— 146. add, Sagina ammannoides, Roab. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 552. `

— 148. add, Saponaria perfoliata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1242.

— 165. add, U. lobata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 154. —

— 170. add, Hibiscus Zeylanicus, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 352.

— 173. add, H. Surattensis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1504.

The stems are described by Roxburgh, in the fl. Ind., as woody. ;

— 174. add, We cannot see that H. aculeatus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 206 (H.
Surattensis, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 356), at all differs from this species,
although the stems are said to be annual and flexuose, while H. fureatus is
deseribed as erect and shrubby ; different soils and modes of cultivation may
readily produce these variations: our own specimens do not exhibit the stem,
so that we adopted that part of our character from Roxburgh's MSS : if, how-

e ’ ies be really distinct, perhaps our one ought rather
ee sites n ed. Mal. 6. t. 44 belongs to

I

this species instead of to H. Surattensis.

448 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

No. 176. add, H. tetralocularis, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 198, appears to be a mere
accidental variety of this species.

— 183. add, H. vitifolius, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1078.

— 192. add, Hibiscus longifolius, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 210.—H. esculentus,
Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1156. a

Roxburgh considers the West Indian species to differ ** very conspicuous-
ly both in the shape of the leaves and capsules."

— 194. add, Hibiscus hirtus, Ham. ; Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 203 (excl. syn.)—
H. moschatus, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1503.

— 196. add, Hibiscus prostratus, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 208.

— 200. add, Q. fuscum, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1496. *

— 201. add, Hibiscus Solandra, Roxb. fl. Ind. 3. p. 197 ; in E. I. C. mus.
tab. 1501.—H. Solandra ? Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 350.—H. pumilus, Rozb.
fl. Ind. 3. p. 208.

— 210. add, S. lanceolata, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 346.

— 224. add, H. Isora, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 1436.

— 255. P. aceroides, Wall.! L. n. 1171, according to a specimen in Dr
Hooker's herbarium, is probably this species.

-~ — 261. add, H. obovata, Ham. in Linn. soc. tr. 14. p. 205 : and for Rheed.
Mal. 2. t. 29, read Rheed. Mal. 2. t. 19.
— 821. add, A. racemosa, Wight in Hook. Journ. of Bot. 1. p. 64. t. 122.
— 923. add, Limonia trifoliata, Rowb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 144.

— 334. add to the obs. under the generic char. :

Limonia minuta, Forst., belongs also to Micromelum : Dr Hooker possesses ap-
parently the very same species from Java.

.. — 834. add, Rheed. Mal. 4. t. 53.
. — 338. add, Limonia ? pubescens, Wall.! L. n. 6365.
— 956. add, X. ovalifolius, Wall. ! L. n. 4338 (partly).
— 360. C. longifolium is apparently a species of Xanthochymus. Leaves

oblong-oval, obtuse, coriaceous, so delicately reticulated by the drying and
shrinking of the parenchyma as to resemble the finest lace, not as m Calo-
phyllum with the veins running in straight lines from the midrib to the mar-
gin. Flower-buds globular: pistil bottle-shaped: ovary globose : style short,
conical; stigma lobed. du

— 361. H. Indica ; add, n. 439 Linn. ! in herb. Herm. and fl- Zeyl.

— 368. S. fruticosa. From a slight examination of the specimens belong-
ing to the Linnean Society, which however are too imperfect both in flower
and fruit to enable us to determine the genus satisfactorily, it ap cer-
tainly to belong to the Celastrinee.—Leaves coriaceous, elliptic-oblong, act-
minated, quite entire, glabrous, upper side shining, under reticulated. Pani-
cles axillary, dichotomous, much shorter than the leaves, few-flowered. Ova-
ry (after the petals have fallen off) free, resembling those of E
glaucum at the same age.

Page 116, line 12, for Stamens usually as many, read Stamens usually twice
as Many. 5i
No. 392. add, Pluk. t. 303. f. 3.
— 424. add, Modecca diversifolia, Wall. ! L. n. 6763.
— 432. Under V. tomentosa, « ; for Wall. ! L. n. 6004. a, b, read Wall. ! L
n. 6004, a, c : and under 6, for Wall. ! L. n. 6004. e, read Wall. ! L. n. 6004. .
S

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 449

No. 437. « (2) add, Gastonia Nalugu, Lam. ; Spr. syst. 2.p. 440.—Giliber-
tia Nalugu, DC. prod. 4. p. 256.

Page 140, line 5 from bottom, for oppositifolia, read filiformis.

No. 463. add, Tytonia natans, G. Don in Mill. dict. 1. p. 749.

— 491. add, Sambucus Canadensis, Burm. Ind. p. 15.

— 545. for Anoma Moringa, Lour., read Anoma Morunga, Lour.
— 563. add, Wight ! cat. n. 989.

— 600. Crot. medicaginea ; for peduncles bearing 2 small flowers towards
the apex ; read, peduncles bearing 2-5 small flowers towards the apex.

— 615. We have very lately received specimens from Canton, China, from
our friend Dr Hooker, and examined in his rich herbarium the New Holland
plant ; we cannot perceive the least difference between them.

— 642. Pueraria tuberosa: in Dr Hooker’s herbarium there are specimens
of the legume, which appears as perfectly jointed as in Desmodium, to which
genus we fear the present one must be reduced.

— 648. Since the genus Norowi4 was printed, we have ascertained that
De Candolle has also dedicated a genus to Mr Noton in Guillemin's Archives
de Botanique for December 1833: although Wight's specimens and litho-
graphic catalogue, containing No. 871 and 872, had been previousl distri-
buted, we believe that, according to botanical rules, De Candolle's genus
ought to be adopted. We therefore propose to change the name we had
E to that of Jonna, in remembrance of the Dr Jon noticed in our pre-

ce, Dr Roxburgh's Johnia being identical with Salacia. The species will
thus be called J. Wightii (W. & A.).—To this genus probably also belongs
Dolichos spicatus, Gr. in Wall. L. n. 5557, but we have neither examined the
structure of its flowers nor seen the fruit.

Ni 208, line 10 from bottom, for mucro above refers, read mucro alone
refers.

No. 718. for Wall.! L. n. 5671, read Wall.! L. n. 5761.
Page 258, line 8, for 785 (4), read 792. bis (4). `

— — 316. Lumnrrzera. Three species of this genus have been described by Gau-
dishaud in Freycinet’s voyage, p. 481, under Laguncularia : but these two genera,
perhaps, scarcely differ; in Laguncularia, however, the petals are minute, the
stigma capitate, fruit margined, and leaves opposite; in Lumnitzera the petals are
twice the length of the calyx-limb, the stigma acute, fruit bluntly angled, and leaves
alternate: Laguncularia belongs to the northern, Lumnitzera to the southern he-
he phe Gaudichaud’s Lag. purpurea, from the Falkland Islands, is so closely al-
lied to Lum. racemosa, that he quotes for it also Rheede’s figure, although Rheede
says, ** flores candidi:” Lag. rosea, Gaud., from Manilla, appears to be our Lum. coc-
cinea.

No. 1114. add Celosia corymbosa, Roxb. in I. C. mus. tab. 587.

— 1128. add Russelia Oldenlandioides, Roa. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 591.

— 1129. add Russelia viscosa, Roxb. in E. I. C. mus. tab. 592.

— 1203. add V. Wightianum, Wall. pl. As. rar. 2. p. 29.

— 1208. add N. sterculisefolia, Ach. Rich. in Mem. de la Soc. Hist. Nat.
p. 289.

— 1209. Having only just seen M. Ach. Richard's memoir on the Rubiaceæ,
in the 5th volume of the Mem. de la soc. d'hist. nat. de Paris, we may men-
tion, that he continues to unite Ceph. chinensis, Lam. to N. purpurea, and
forms of them a new genus, which he places in the tribe Zserfie ( distinguish-
ed by a drupaceous fruit, containing several many-seeded nuts). We our-
selves have not seen the fruit, but Roxburgh's description of it is at variance
with that given by Richard: perhaps M. ichard may have examined the Ce-

rf

450 ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

phalanthus chinensis of Lamarck, while Roxburgh’s W. purpurea may be dis-
tinct. To the one or the other, but most prebebly. to Lamarck’s plant, but
we have not seen the fruit, seems to belong IV. rotundifolia, Hook. and Arn.
in bot. Beech. voy. p. 64. (probably not of Bartling) from Tahiti (Beechey),
and islands of Huahaine and Ulitea (Mathews, n. 90). Richard thus names
and characterises his new genus :—

ANTHOCEPHALUS. A. Rich.

Flowers densely capitate, arranged on a globose common receptacle, slight-
ly pedicellate. Calyx-limb 5-partite, persistent. Corolla long-tubular ; limb
5-partite. Style much exserted. Stigma 2-lobed, lobes approximated. Fruit
covered with the limb of the calyx, containing 4 cocci; cocci ovoid, coria-
ceous, sparingly fleshy on the outside, 1-celled, indehiscent, truncated at the
base, 4~-5-seeded.—Small tree, with opposite leaves, interpetiolar stipules, and
terminal solitary heads of flowers.

1. A. Indicus (Rich.)—* Cephalanthus chinensis, Lam.—Nauclea purpu-
rea, Roaxb." —Ricn.

Page 407, line 28, for H. Leschenaultii, read H. Leschenaultiana, W. & A.
(not DC.)

No. 1259, add 1f De Candolle's H. Leschenaultii be retained, our H. Le-
schenaultiana may be called H. villosa. ;

Omitted at page 446.

, Page 15, line 12, delete Ciss. glabra, Roxb. hort. Bengh. p. 74, and add, at
line 30,—We were disposed to refer C. glabra of Roxburgh to this on the au-

of a specimen we examined : it is, however, very distinct, and belongs
to the genus Clypea, differing from CI. hernandifolia by the flowers being on
lon; pedicels and the whole plant glabrous ; we have reason to believe that it
15, 48 very species which has been described by De Candolle as Cocculus
Roxburghianus.

INDEX.

[From many of the names we have adopted being also adduced as synonyms to
other species, we have found it impossible to distinguish the two in the usual
way, without enlarging the Index much beyond its present extent.—The genera
of which we have given characters, and the new ones we have indicated, are
printed in SMALL CAPITALS. The Figures refer to the page.]

AnELMoscHUs 53.—A. angulosus 53, esculentus 53, ficulneus 53, moschatus 53,
rugosus 53.

Abrinesze 236.

Aproma 65.—A. angulata 65, augusta 65, Wheeleri 65. i; f

Annus 236.—A. fruticulosus 236, minor 236, pauciflorus 236, precatorius 236.

AnnUTILON 55.—A. Asiaticum 56, crispum 56, graveolens 56, hirtum 56, In-
dicum 56, periplocifolium 55, polyandrum 55, tomentosum 56.

Acacia 272.—A. alliacea 278, amara 274, 275, Arabica 272, 277, Arrar 278,
cæsia 277, 278, canescens 277, Catechu 272, 273, Catechuoides 272,
Chundra 273, cineraria 278, cinerea 271, concinna 277, Coronja 276,
Dalea 271, dumosa 274, eburnea 276, Farnesiana 272, ferruginea 273,
frondosa 275, glauca 276, Indica 272, Intsia 278, Intsioides 278, latro-
num 273, Lebbek 275, leucocephala 277, lomatocarpa 275, megaladena
277, Nellyrenza 274, nitida 269, odoratissima 275, pennata, 277, plani-
frons 276, polyacantha 272, 273, procera 275, Roxburghii 276, rugata 278,
scandens 268, Sirissa 275, Smithiana 274, speciosa 275, stipularis 274,
Sundra 273, tomentosa 274, 276, umbraculifera 273, Wallichiana 272,
Wightii 274, Xylocarpa 269.

Acacieze 267.

Acajuba 168.—A. occidentalis 168.

oem 82.

Achyranthes corymbosa 358.

Acronidia 82. zm

AcRorREMA 6.—4. costatum 6, Wightianum 6.

Adambea glabra 308, hirsuta 309.

ApaNsoNiA, 60.—A. digitata, 61.

ADENANTHERA 271.—A. aculeata 272, Pavonina 271.

Adenosacme 402.

Avonis 3.—A, estivalis 9. — -

. Aes 96.— A. Marmelos 96, sepiaria 97. pub

Esonynomenr 216, 218.—Æ. aquatica 219, aspera 219, bispinosa 215, can-
nabina 215, coccinea 216, diffusa 215, 219, grandiflora 215, 216, hirta
220, Indica 214, 219, lagenaria 219, pilosa 219, procumbens 215, pubes-
cens 220, pumila 219, Roxburghii 219, Sesban 214, spinulosa 215, sub-
viscosa 219, Surattensis 218, Suyminta 214, triflora 229, uliginosa 215,
viscidula 219.

Acati 215.—A. coccinea 215, grandiflora 215.

Aglaia 116.—A. decandra 119, odorata 118, polystachya 119.

Ailanthee 150. .

yt2

452 INDEX.

AinANTHUS 150.—A. excelsa 150, glandulosa 150, Malabarica 150.

Aizoides 361.

Alangies 174, 325.

ALANGIUM 325.—A. decapetalum 325, hexapetalum 78, 325, 326, tomento-
sum, 325. ;

ALDROVANDA 34.—A. verticillata 34, vesiculosa 34.

Alhageæ 232.

Arnac 232.—A. mannifera 232, Maurorum 232.

Allophyllus ornithrophoides 110, pinnatus 110, ternatus, 110.

ALTHÆA 45.—A. Chinensis 46, Coromandeliana 45, 46, flexuosa 46.

ALYSICARPUS 232,—A. bupleurifolius 233, cylindraceus 234, diversifolius 233,
mrt 234, Heyneanus 234, longifolius 233, ludens 233, 234, moni-

ifer 232, nummularifolius 232, pilifer 234, Rubibarna 233, scariosus 234,
Styracifolius 234, 235, vaginalis 233, 234, varius 233, Wallichii 234,

AuELETIA 303.—A. Indica 303, polystachya 304.

Ammannia 304.—A. baccifera 305, Caspica 304, coccinea 304, cordata 304,
densiflora 305, glauca 305, Heyneana 306, Indica 303, 305, lanceolata
304, latifolia 306, multiflora 306, nana 305, octandra 304, parviflora 306,
pentandra 305, 306, repens 303, rosea 306, rotundifolia 306, rubra 306,
triflora 307, verticillata 304, vesicaria 305.

Ammi Indicum 365.

Ammineze 367

Amoora 119.—A. cucullata 119, 121, Rohituka 119.

Ampelidese 124.

Ampelopsis ternata 131.

Amyrideze 167.

Amyris acuminata 96, 176, Agallocha 96, anisata 95, Commiphora 96, den-
tata 96, Gileadensis 177, graveolens 95, heptaphylla 95, nana 95, penta-
phylla 95, punctata 95, simplicifolia 93, spinosa 177, suffruticosa 95, 96,
Sumatrana 95, Zeylanica 175.

| Anacardies 167.

AwacanDIUM 168.—A. latifolium 168, occidentale 168, officinarum 168.

Anarta 446.—A. Cocculus 446, paniculata 446.

Ancistrocladus 107.—A. Heyneanus 107.

Andersonia acuminata 316, Goets 816, Rohituka 119.

ANEMONE 3.—A. dubia 3, Wightiana 3.

TT 371.—A. Feniculum 371, graveolens 372, Panmori 371, 375, Sowa

Angolamia 325.

Anogeissus 316.—A. acuminatus 316, latifolius 316.

Anoma Moringa 178, Morunga 178, 449.

Anona 7.—A. hexapetala 10, reticulata 7, squamosa 7, uncinata 10.

Anonaces 7.

Anotis 409.—A. rotundifolia 409.

Anthocephalus 450.—A. Indieus 450.

Anthodon 104.

Aphanamixis 119.—A. Timorensis 119.

Apium 367.— A. Celeri 367, graveolens 367, involucratum 369, trifoliatum 368.

Apocynum feetidum 424,

Aporetica pinnata 113, ternata 110,

Aquilicia 131.—4. Ottilis 132.

Aracuis 279.—A. Africana 280, Asiatica 280, fruticosa 218, hypogea 280.

Aralia 376.—A. Chinensis 376, digitata 377, octophylla 376, palmata 376,
umbraeulifera 94.

Araliacea Kleinii 375.

. Araliacese 375.

Arbor-alba Javanica 326, minor 326.

ARENARIA 43.—A. Neelgherrense 43.

INDEX. 458

ARGEMONE 17.—4À. Mexicana 18.

Aristotelia 82.

Arsis rugosa 81.

AnTABOTRYS 9,—A. odoratissimus 10.

Asclepias armata 65.

Aspalathus Indicus 199.

Astragalus biflorus 190.

Astronium 325.

ArarANTIA 90.—A. bilocularis 94, capitellata 91, monophylla 91, 94, racemo-
sa 91, 448.

Athamantha Adjowan 368, Roxburghiana 369.

ATRAGENE 2.—A. Zeylanica 2.

Arytosta 257.—A. Candolii 257, lineata 257, major 257, rugosa 257.

Aubertia 148.

Aurantiacese 90.

AvERHO0A 141,—A. Bilimbi 142, Carambola 141.

AzaDiRACHTA 117.—A. Indica 118.

Badamia 313.

Balanopteris minor 63, Tothila 63.

Balsamaria Inophyllum 103. ;

Balsamina 135.—B. coccinea 136, fasciculata 139, fruticosa 137, hetero hyl-
la 139, hortensis 136, latifolia 138, Leschenaultii 136, minor 140, Myso-
rensis 137, oppositifolia 139, scabriuscula 136, Tilo 138.

Balsaminese 134. :

Balsamodendron 177.—B. Gileadense 177, Zeylanieum 175.

Banisteria Benghalensis 107, unicapsularis 107.

Baraldeia Madagascariensis 312. :

Barrinetonia 333.—B. acutangula 333, racemosa 333, 334, speciosa 333.

Batschia laurifolia 285. :

BavniNia 294.—B. acuminata 295, anguina 298, candida. 295, 296, Coroman-
deliana 296, emarginata 297, Malabarica 294, parviflora 295, pheenicea
296, piperifolia 298, purpurea 295, 296, 297, racemosa 295, 297, scan-
dens 297, spicata 295, triandra 297, Vahlii 297, variegata 296, 297.

Benincasa 344.—B. cerifera 344.

Ben Kadali 323.

Berberidese 15. ^ i

Berseris 15.—B. Leschenaultii 16, Nepalensis 16, tinctoria 16.

Bercuemia 163.—B. floribunda 163, parviflora 163, volubilis 163.

Bercera 90, 94.—B. integerrima 94, Keenigii 94, 96, villosa 94.

Bergia aquatica 41, Capensis 41, pentandra 41, verticillata 41.

Berrya 81.—B. Ammonilla 81.

Bessera inermis 29. age :

Brozrowra 437.—B. Kleinii 497, 438, lasiocarpa 437, ramosa 437, Roxburghi-
ana 437, 438.

Bikkia 402.

Biophytum 142.—B. sensitivum 142.

. Bixa 31.— B. Orellana 31.

Bixines 31.

Blepharanthes 353.

SAM 113. n

ombaceæ 60. : 1

Bompax 61.—B. ceiba 61, Gossypium 87, heptaphyllum 61, Malabaricum 61,
orientale 61, pentandrum 61.

Bombicella 51.

Bonnaya 139.

Borreria 437.—B. ocymoides 437. : 3 ;

Boswetuia 174.—B. glabra 174, hirsuta 174, serrata 174, thurifera 174.

-

454 INDEX.

Brachypterum 264.

Brassica oleracea 19.

Braunea Menispermoides 13, 15. :

Bremontiera ammoxylon var. Burmanni 202.

Brotera ovata 67, 68.

Brucea 150. : E

Brucurera 311, 316.—B. cylindrica 311, gymnorhiza 311, Madagascariensis
316. j

Bryonia 344.—B. althæoides 345, amplexicaulis 346, callosa 347, cheirophyl-
la 347, epigæa 346, Garcini 344, glabra 346, grandis 347, Hookeriana
345, laciniosa 345, leiosperma 345, Maderaspatana 345, Maysorensis 345,
Moimoi 347, palmata 346, 348, pilosa 347, punctata 347, reniformis 344,
Rheedei 346, rostrata 346, Rottleri 345, scabra 345, scabrella 342, 345,
sinuosa 345, tubiflora 347, umbellata 345, 346, Wightiana 347.

BryorayLLUM 360.—B. calycinum 360.

Bryum 401.

Bubroma tomentosum 65. }

Bucnantana 169.—B. angustifolia 169, latifolia 169, paniculata 119.

Buchozia 440.—B. coprosmoides 441. : 370.

BupLevrum 369.—B. distichopyllum 370, longicaule 370, mucronatum 9/0,
ramosissimum 370, tenue 370, virgatum 370.

Bursera acutifolia 171, paniculata 175, serrata 177.

Bursereze 167, 173.

Burea 261.—B. frondosa 261, parviflora 261, superba 261.

Butonica 333.—B. speciosa 333, 334.

Byrrnerta 65.—B. Carthaginensis 65, herbacea 65.

Byttneriaceze 61, 174.

Byttneriese 64.

Cacara 251.

.. Cacao minus 64, sativa 64.

Cactus 363.—C. Dillenii 363, Indicus 363.

Capaza 24.—C. Indica 24, trifoliata 24, tryphylla 24.

Cadamba jasminiflora 422. : 4a 981

C xsALPINIA 280.—C. armata 282, axillaris 280, Bonduccella 280, Crista E
cucuilata 283, digyna 281, elata 282, grandis 283, horrida 282, perii
282, lacerans 283, ligulata 283, mimosoides 281, oleosperma 281, pe
culata 281, pulcherrima 282, Sappan 281, scandens 281, Sepiara 282, 9!
mora 281.

Ceesalpiniese 279. To

Casanus 256.— C. albicans 256, bicolor 256, flavus 256, Indicus 256, lineatus
258, suaveolens 240, scarabs;oides 256, Wightii 256.

Calanchoe pinnata 360.—See Kalanchoe.

CALLITRICHE 339.— C. verna var. vulgaris 339, Wightiana 339.

Callitrichinese 339. ha 108.

Catornytium 102.—C. Akara 5, 107, apetalum 103, Bintagor 103, Calaba 102,
Calaboides 103, Inophyllum 103, longifolium 103, 448, Nagassarium J^» —
spurium 103, Wightianum 103. :

Calpandria 116.

Calyciflorze 155.

Calycopteris 315.—C. floribunda 315.

Calypso 104.—C. campestris 104.

Calyptranthes caryophyllata 329, caryophyllifolia 329, Jambolana 329.

CawuBESsEDIA 169, 170.

Cambogia Gutta 100, 102.

CaurPrEsrA 206. : 174

Cananium 112, 173, 174.—C. balsamiferum 174, commune 175, hirsutum ^£^»
Mehenbethene 175, Sajiga 175, strictum 175.

INDEX. 455

CaxavaLiA 252.—C, gladiata 253, mollis 253, obtusifolia 253, virosa 253.

CaNTHAROSPERMUM 255, 257.—C. albicans 256, pauciflorum 255.

Canruium 425, 426.—C. anomocarpum 425, Chinense 398, corymbosum 401,
cymosum 425, didymum 401, 425, 426, Leschenaultii 426, nitens 426,
parviflorum 426, Rheedei 426, thyrsoideum 403.

Capparese 23. i

Capparideæ 21.

Capparis 24.—C. acuminata 25, 26, Aguba 26, angustifolia 27, apetala 23,
aphylla 27, bisperma 26, brevispina 24, 27, coerulea 27, corymbosa 26,
divaricata 27, diversifolia 27, grandiflora 25, grandis 26, 27, 28, hetero-
clita 24, heterogenea 447, Heyneana 25, horrida 25, 26, 27, incanescens
26, linifolia 23, Malabarica 28, maxima 26, 27, obovata 27, pedunculosa
27, pyrifolia 25, 26, quadriflora 26, racemifera 27, reticulata 27, Rheedei
25, rotundifolia 25, Roxburghii 26, sepiaria 26, 447, stylosa 25, 26, ter-
niflora 26, trifolia 23, 447, uncinata 28, Wallichiana 25, 26, Wightiana
25, Zeylanica 25, 26, 447.

Caprifoliacez 387.

CarsELLA 20.—C. Bursa-pastoris 20.

CananLiA 311.—C. Baraldeia 312, lanceolata 312, lucida 312.

Carapa Moluccensis 121. i

Cardamine 19.—C. Borbonica 20, hirsuta 20, parviflora 20, Pensylvanica 20,
sylvatica 20, teres 20, umbrosa 20, Virginica 20, Wightiana 20.

Carpiosrermum 109.— C. canescens 109. Halicacabum 109. i

Careya 332, 334.—C. arborea 334, macrostachya 333, 334, sphærica 334.

Carica 352.—C. Papaya 352.

Carpopogon 253, 254.—C. atropurpureum 254, giganteum 254, monospermum
254, niveum 255, pruriens 255.

Caryolobus Indica 85.

Caryophyllaceæ 41.

Caryophylleæ 41. e

Cassta 285.—C. absus 291, acutifolia 288, alata 287, amcena 292, angustissi-
ma 292, 293, arborescens 289, auriculata 290, bicapsularis 286, bracteata
287, Coromandeliana 287, dimidiata 293, enneaphylla 289, esculenta
287, fastigiata 290, Fistula 285, florida 288, fotida 290, Gallinaria 290,
glauca 289, herpetiea 287, Indica 287, Javanica 286, Kleinii 293, lan-
ceolata 288, Leschenaultiana 292, 293, marginata 286, mimosoides 292,
293, montana 289, niultiglandulosa 286, myriophylla 292, obovata 288,
obtusa 288, obtusifolia 290, occidentalis 287, 290, orientalis 288, plani-
siliqua 289, Porturegalis 288, prostrata 292, pumila 292, purpurea 287,
rhombifolia 286, Roxburghii 286, 292, senna 288, sennoides 286, sensi-
tiva 292, setigera 289, sophera 287, 290, sopheroides 287, speciosa 289,
suffruticosa 289, 290, sulphurea 289, Sumatrana 288, Surattensis 289,
Tagera 291, Telfairiana 292, tenella 292, tomentosa 286, Tora 290, To-
roides 291, torosa 297, torulosa 287, viscosa 291, Wallichiana 292, 293,
Wightiana 286.

Cassiese 280.

Cassipourea 312.

Cassuvium 168.—C. pomiferum 168.

Castalia edulis, 447.

Catappa 312.—C. Benzoin, 313. i

Catha emarginata 160, montana 160, Wallichii 159, Zeylanica 165.

Catjang 249. , ;

Caucalinese 374.

Caucalis Anthriscus 374, elata 374. ; : :

Ceanothus Africana 166, Asiaticus 166, capsularis 166, cireumscissa 165, pa-
niculata 158, Wightiana 164, Zeylanica 165. :

Ceprera 123.—C. febrifuga 124, hexandra 124, Toona 124, villosa 124.

Cedrelaceæ 121. .

Cedrelee species 123.

456 INDEX.

Ceiba a vee

Celastrinese 15 "

Conn 158.—C. bivalvis 158, buxifolia 159, crenata 160, dependens 158,
emarginata 159, 160, Heyneana 159, micrantha 158, monosperma 158,
montana 159, multiflora 158, nutans 158, obtusifolia 158, opposita 157,
ovata 155, paniculata 158, pterocarpa 158, pyracantha 158, rigida 159,
robusta 158, Rothiana 158, serrulata 159, striata 158, trigyna 158, verti-
cillata 154, 158, Wallichiana 159, 160, Wightiana 157, Zeylanica 165.

Celosia corymbosa 358, 449.

Celtis 161. di

Cephalanthus Chinensis 392, 449, 450, orientalis 391, pilulifer 391.

Cephalaria alpina 445.

Cerastium 42,—C. Indicum 43, vulgatum 43.

Ceratophyllese 309. m d

CrnAToPHYLLUM 309.—C. demersum 309, 310, Indicum 309, Missionis 309,

310, muricatum 309, tuberculatum 309, verticillatum 309.
Cercodeæ 337.

Cercodia 338.

Ceriscus Malabaricus 397.

Chadara tenax 80.

Chalaria 242.

Chalcas Japonensis 94, paniculata 94.
Chameefistula 286.

Chameesenna 288.

Cheiranthus Farsetia 19, maritimus 19.
Cuickrassta 122.—C. tabularis 123.
Chilmoria pentandra 447.

CuronoxyroN 123.—C. Swietenia 123.
Chomelia 400. :
Cicer 235.— C. arietinum 235, lens 235, nummulariefolium 190.
Cinchona excelsa 392, obovata 392.
Cinchonacese 390.

Cinchonese 392.

Circæaceæ 335.

CissaMPELOS 14.— C, cocculus 13, 15, convolvulacea 13, 14, 15, disco'or 14,
glabra 14, 15, 450, hernandifolia 14, 15, hexandra 14, hirsuta 15, Mauri- ©
tiana 15, orbiculata 15, ovata 14, Pareira 15, Pata 15. :

Cissus 125.—C, acida 127, acutifolia 129, adnata 126, angulata 126, auricu-
lata 129, carnosa 127, cinerea 127, cordata 126, elongata 128, 129, foemi-
nea 127, glauca 126, heptaphylla 129, heterophylla 127, inaequalis 125,
Indica 125, 126, Japonica 129, lanceolaria 128, latifolia 126, Nepalensis
129, obtusifolia 127, paniculata 129, pedata 129, purpurea 126, quad-
rangularis 125, repanda 125, repens 126, serratifolia 128, serrulata 129,
setosa 127, sicyoides 125, trilobata 127, vitiginea 125, 126, 127.

Cirrus 97.—C. angulata 91, Aurantium 97, Bergamia 98, buxifolia 98, Decu-
mana 97, hystrix 98, Limetta 98, Limonellus 98, Limonum 98, Lumia
98, medica 98, nobilis 97, vulgaris 97.

Citta 253, 254.

Cladrastis lutea 179. : vi

Cravsena 90, 95.—C. nana 96, pubescens 96, suffruticosa 96, Willdenowii 96.

Clavulium pedunculosum 193.

Ciematis 1.—C. Gouriana 2, 446, Indica 2, triloba 2, Wightiana 2. 7,

CrEowE 21.—C. aspera 22, Burmanni 22, Chelidonii 22, 447, diffusa 447,
dodecandra 22, fruticosa 24, 447, icosandra 22, 447, monophylla 21, 447,
pentaphylla 21, 447, tenella 21, viscosa 22.

leomese 21.

Curyera 86.—C. gymnanthera 87, Lushia 87, Millettii 87, ochnacea 87, och-
noides 87.

INDEX. _ 457

Curroria 205.—C. Ternatea 205.

Clitorieze 208. ^

CryrkA 14.— C. Burmanni 14, hernandifolia 14, 450.

— 143.—C. emarginata 144, florida 144, mimosoides 144, monadelpha

CoccixzA 847.—C. Indica 347.

Coccurvs 11.—C. acuminatus 12, aristolochiz 13, Burmanni 14, convolvula-
ceus 12, cordifolius 12, crispus 12, flavescens 12, glaber 18, lacunosus 12,
levis 13, macrocarpus 13, Malabaricus 12, orbiculatus 12, ovalifolius 13,
peltatus 14, Plukenetii 13, polycarpus 12, radiatus 12, Roxburghianus 14,
450, sepium 13, suberosus 11, 446, verrucosus 18, 15, villosus 13, 15,
Wightianus 14.

CocuLospermum 87.—C. Gossypium 87.

Correa 435.—C. Arabica 435, Benghalensis 435, Travancorensis 435, Wighti-
ana 435, 436.

Coffeese 424, 425.

Colbertia Coromandeliana 5.

Colla gibba 258, 259, trinervia 257, venosa 258.

Colophonia Mauritiana 175.

CorusniNA 165.—C. Asiatica 166.

Colutea Wightiana 209.

Combretacese 312.

Combretes 317. à

Compretum 317.—C. albidum 317, alternifolium 316, Heyneanum 317, laxum
317, 318, ovalifolium 317, pilosum 317, Roxburghii 317, squamosum 317,
Wightianum 317.

Commersonia herbacea 65.

Condondum 170, 173.

Conium Siva 373.

Connaracese 143, 262.

Connarus 143.—C. microphyllus 144, monocarpus 143, 144, pinnatus 143,
Roxburghii 144, santaloides 144.

Conocarrus 315.— C. acuminatus 316, latifolius 316.

Cooxta 90, 95.—C. chlorosperma 92, cyanocarpa 92, faleata 95, graveolens
95, macrophylla 95, punctata 95.

Concnonus 72.—C. acutangulus 73, sestuans 73, Burmanni 73, capsularis 73,
decemangularis 73, fascicularis 72, fuscus 73, linearis 72, 73, olitorius 73,
subscandens 73, tridens 73, trilocularis 72, 13, urticeefolius 73.

Coronilla aculeata 215, cannabina 215, coccinea 216, Cochinchensis 215,

diffora 216, Sesban 214.

Corynandra pulchella 22.

Cotoneaster buxifolia 302.

Cotyledon calycina 360, corymbosa 360, heterophylla 360, laciniata 360, pa-
niculata 360, pinnata 360, rhizophylla 360.

Crassulacere 359.

Crataegus Bibas 302.

Crarava 20.—C. apetala 23, inermis 23, Marmelos 97, Nurvala 23, oblongi-
folia 24, odorata 23, religiosa 23, Roxburghii 23, Tapia 23, Vallanga 96.

Crorataria 180, 197.—C. affinis 180, albida 188, 189, angulosa 187, anthyl-
loides 181, barbata 181, Benghalensis 185, bifaria 188, 189, biflora 190,
191, Brownei 180, czespitosa 190, calycina 181, candicans 184, canescens
189, cephalotes 182, Chinensis 182, 183, clavata 188, 194, ccerulea 187,
crassifolia 189, crenata 181, cytisoides 180, dichotoma 188, diffusa 190,
digitata 194, 195, div icata 192, elliptica 193, evolvuloides 188, fenes-
trata 185, ferruginea 189, foliosa 192, formosa 186, fulva 183, genistoides
191, globosa 190, Grahamiana 194, herniarioides 192, heterophylla 194,
Heyneana 187, hirsuta 182, 188, 189, hirta 182, 190, incana 180, juncea
185, 186, laburnifolia 193, lanceolata 180, latifolia 180, Leschenaultii

458 ‘INDEX.

186, linearis 181, linifolia 189, 190, longipes 183, lunulata 183, lupini-
flora 186, macrophylla 241, Madurensis 184, medicaginea 192, tt me-
. lanocarpa 191, montana 182, 190, Mysorensis 182, nana 191, Napa n"

181, neglecta 192, nervosa 197, Notonii 192, N ummularia 190, i `
obliqua 189, obtecta 185, Orixensis 192, 193, ovalifolia 181, panit a
183, 449, parva 189, peduncularis 186, pedunculosa 193, prii Aa
pendula 193, pilosa 182, porrecta 185, procumbens 192, 193, prostra ,
189, pulcherrima 184, pulchra 184, punctata 189, pusilla 189, quide
folia 194, ramosissima 183, 194, retusa 186, 187, rigida 191, rostrata : l,
Rothiana 190, Rothii 190, Roxburghiana 181, rubiginosa 181, 188, sa
folia 182, scabrella 181, scoparia 189, semperflorens 189, sericea 185, 186,
sobolifera 190, spartioides 191, speciosa 182, spectabilis 186, gee
193, stipulacea 182, striata 180, stricta 181, 192, subperfoliata meee $
190, tenuifolia 185, tetragona 185, tomentosa 183, 194, triflora 189, 2d
foliastrum 191, 192, 193, tuberosa 238, umbellata 191, uncinella 193,
uniflora 181, Vachellii 193, verrucosa 187 , viminea 185, 189, virgata 192,
Wallichiana 187, Wightiana 181, Willdenowiana 191.

Croton Benzoe 313.

Crucifers 18.

Cubospermum palustre 335. dt m

Cucumis 341.—C. acutangulus 343, anguinus 350, cheeta 341, citrullus "es
Colocynthis 342, 351, flexuosus 342, maculatus 342, Maderaspatanus 942,

CourNvM 373.—C, Cyminum, 373.
Curanta 112.— C. canescens 113. :
Cupia 401, 431.—C. auriculata 401, corymbosa 401, cymosa 401, 425, densi-

flora 401, odorata 401, oppositifolia 401, scandens 401, thyrsoidea 401,
408, truncata 401.

Curtisia 155. S

Cussambium glabrum 114, pubescens 114.

Cyamopsis 196.—C. psoraloides 197.

Cyanosrermum 259.—C. tomentosum 260 :

Cyuista 259.— C. albiflora 260, ferruginea 258, reticulata 240, suaveolens 240,
scariosa 237, 259, tomentosa 260, villosa 259.

Cyminosma 146.—C. Ankeenda 147, pedunculata 147. :

CrNowrrRA 293.—C. cauliflora 293, pinnata 262, polyandra 294, ramiflora
293.

Cyrilla Indica 364, Oldenlandioides 364, viscosa 364.
Cyrtolobus 191, 193.
Cytisus Cajan 256, pseudo-cajan 256, sericeus 210

Darserera 210, 263.—D. arborea 262, 266, congesta 265, frondosa 266, rm
rida 266, lanceolaria 266, Jatifolia 264, paniculata 265, rubiginosa 265,
scandens 262, 264, 266, Sissoo 264, Sissooides 265, spinosa 266, tephro-
sioides 210, volubilis 265.

Dalbergiese 361.

Dalrymplea 156.
mara Selanica 85.

INDEX. 459

Daucinese 373.

Davcus 374.—D. Carota 374.

Deeadia 82.

DzcascnisTiA 52.—D. crotonifolia 52.

De rninium 4.—D. Ajacis 4, pauciflorum 4.

DENDROLOBIUM 223.

DxNvTELLA 405.—D. erecta 405, repens 405.

Derris pinnata 263.

Desmanthea 270.

Desmanthus 270.—D. cinereus 271, natans 270, triquetrus 270, virgatus 270.

Desmocarpus Missionis 24.

Desmopium 205, 223, 224.—D. alatum 225, angulatum 228, Canadense 228,
capitatum 228, cephalotes 224, collinum 225, confertum 224, congestum
224, dichotomum 226, diffusum 226, elongatum 226, Gangeticum 225,
226, gyrans 227, gyroides 227, heterocarpum 228, heterophyllum 229,
Hippocrepis 228, latifolium 225, lutescens 224, 230, maculatum 225, 226,
nudiflorum 229, orbiculatum 223, paniculatum 229, parvifolium 229, po-
docarpum 229, polycarpum 227, pseudotriquetrum 225, punctatum 239,

ureum 228, recurvatum 226, reniforme 230, retroflexum 223, rotun-
difolium 223, Roxburghii 226, Roylei 227, rufescens 227, 228, scorpiurus
227, serpens 228, siliquosum 228, stipulaceum 229, strangulatum 228,
231, sulcatum 226, tenue 228, triflorum 228, 229, 230, triquetrum 224,
225, umbellatum 224, viscidum 209, Wightii 226.

Desmos Chinensis 9.

Dianthus Chinensis 42.

Dicera dentata 82, serrata 82.

Dicerma 230.—D. biarticulatum 230, elegans 224, 230, pulchellum 230.

Dicurostacuys 271.—D. cinerea 271.

Dunia 5.—D. dentata 6, elliptica 5, Indica 5, 446, pentagyna 5, retusa 6,
speciosa 5.

Dilleniacese 4.

Dillwynia trifoliata 195.

Dimereza 113.

Dimetia 406.

Dimocarpus Longan 113, undulatus 113.

Diplopetalum 113.

Diplophragma 406.

Diplospora 401.

Diplostemon 304.

Dipsacese 444.

Dipsacus 444.—D. Leschenaultii 445.

Dipterocarpeæ 83.

Diprrrocarpus 84.—D. alatus 84, angustifolius 84, costatus 84, incanus 84,
levis 85, scaber 84, turbinatus 85. :

Disoxylon multijugum 121.

Ditheca 304.

Dodonæaceæ 114.

Dopox A 114.—D. angustifolia 114, Burmanniana, 114, bialata 115, Jamai-
censis 115, spathulata 115, viseosa 115.

Doricuos 247, 250, 251, 252.—D. albus 251, arboreus 262, argenteus 249,
Benghalensis 251, biflorus 248, bulbosus 251, Catjang 249, 250, ciliatus
249, cultratus 251, cuspidatus 251, ensiformis 251, 253, fabeeformis 197,
faleatus 246, 249, giganteus 254, gladiatus 253, glutinosus 248, Lablab
251, lignosus 251, medicagineus 239, 256, minutus 256, obtusifolius 253,
ovatus 252, pilosus 249, prostratus 249, pruriens 255, psorabioides 197,
punctatus 247, purpureus 251, rotundifolius 253, rufescens 237, scara-
beoides 239, 256, Sinensis 250, Soja 247, Soorootoo 255, spicatus 251,
449, stipulaceus 246, subcarnosus 249, tetragonolobus 252, tetraspermus

460 INDEX.

251, tomentosus 248, Tranquebaricus 250, trilobatus 249, trilobus 246,
tuberosus 249, uniflorus 248, urens 254, virosus 253, Woolawa 248.

Domseya 67.—D. palmata 68, phcenicea 67.

Dombeyacese 67.

Dondisia 427.—D. Leschenaultii 427.

Doodia alopecuroides 222, hamosa 222, logopodoides 222, picta 222.

Doosera esculenta 362.

Drosera 13.—D. Burmanni 34, Indica 34, intermedia 34, longifolia 34, luna-
ta 34, peltata 34.

Droseracez 33.

Droserez 33.

Duchesnia fragariodes 300, fragiformis 300.

Dvuasia 206.—D. congesta 206, villosa 206.

Donzarta 258.—D. ferruginea 258, Heynei 258, latifolia 258.

Dysoda 440.— D. fasciculata 441, feetida 241.

Ehrenbergia éribüloidéd 145:
Ekebergia Indica 118.
Eleagnus 163.
Elæocarpeæ 81. j
Eræocarrus 82.—E. adenophyllus 83, bifidus 82, bilocularis 83, copalliferus
84, Ganitrus 82, integrifolius 82, nitidus 82, oblongus 82, Perim-Kara
82, serratus 82, 83, serrulatus 83, tuberculatus 83, Varunua 83.
Eræopenpron 156, 157.—E. glaucum, 156, 157, 448, Neelgherrense 161,
orientale 156, paniculatum 157, Roxburghii 156, 157, viride 156.
ELATINE 21.—E. æstivosa 41, ambi 41, ammanoides 41, luxurians 41, ver-
ticillata 41, 399.
.. Exeroris 231.—E. monophylla 231, Rottleri 331, sororia 231.
. Entana 267.—E. monostachya 268, Parrana 268, Puseetha 267, Rheedei 268.
Epicharis exarillata 120.
Epilobium fruticosum 336.
Epicorollæ Corisantheræ 378.
Epipetalæ 365.
Errrnynta 423.—E. Malayana 424.
Enrosornv4 302.—E. Japonica 302.
Eriocutana 70.—E. Hookeriana 70.
Eriochlæneæ 70.
EriopENnpRon 61.—E. anfractuosum 61.
Erioglossum 111, 112.
Eruca sativa 19.
Envuw 235.—E. dispermum 235, filiforme 236, hirsutum 235, Lens 235, 236,
lenticula 235, monanthos 235, pendulum 235,
EnvrHRINA 260.—E. alba 261, corallodendron 260, Indica 260, maxima 261,

oe 261, picta 260, stricta 260, suberosa 260, 261, sublobata

Erythroxylez 106.

Erythroxylon longifolium 106, Mauritianum 106, monogynum 106, sideroxy-

' loides 106.

Eudalbergia 264.

Eudolichos 249.

Euhedyotis 411.

Euhedysare:e 216.

Evcenta 330.—E. acris 331, acutifolia 333, alba 332, aquea 332, bracteata
331, calyptrata 329, car ophyllifolia 329, corymbosa 330, cuneata 332,
Jambolana 329, Tan bolkr 329, Jambos 332, læta 331, lanceolata 330,
macrophylla 333, Malaccensis 332, obtusifolia 329, Pimenta var. ovali-

INDEX. : - 461

folia 331, purpurea 333, racemosa 333, Rottleriana 331, Roxburghii 331,
spicata 330, subcordata 331, Wildenowii 331, Zeylanica 831.

Evonymus 160.—E. crenulatus 161, dichotomus 160, 161, Indicus 160.

Euphaseolese 236.

Euphaseolus 243.

Euphoria 113.—E. Longana 113.

EurvnENA 422.—E. glabra 423.

Eurhynchosia 238.

Eurya ey angustifolia 86, bifaria 86, fasciculata 86, tristyla 86, Wighti-
ana 86.

Eurycoma 143, 150.

Euspermacoces 437.

Eutrichosanthes 349.

Evodia triphylla 148.

Faba vulgaris 235.

Fabricia bracteata 97. — .

Fagara 148.—F. Rhetsa 148, triphylla 148.

Facowia 145.—F. Mysorensis 148. — .

Feronia 96.—F. elephantum 96, pellucida 96.

Ficoideze 361.

Fissilia Psittacorum 89.

Fistula 286.

Fracourtia 29.—F. Cataphracta 29, crenata 30, inermis 29, 30, Ramontchi
29, sapida 29, sepiaria 29, Wightiana 30.

Flacourtianese 28.

Fremrnera 241.—F. abrupta 243, congesta 241, 242, ferruginea 242, fructicu-
losa 243, Grahamiana 242, lineata 242, nana 242, polysperma 197, Roth-
iana 231, semialata 241, 242, stricta 241, 242, strobulifera 243, Wallichii
242, Wightiana 242.

Flemingiastrum 241.

Fenicurum 370.—F. officinale 371, Panmoricum 371, vulgare 371.

Fracaria 299.—F. elatior 300, Indica 300,.Malayana 300, Roxburghii 300,
Sundaica 300.

Fumaria 18.—F. officinalis 18, parviflora 18, Vaillantii 18.

Fumariaceze 18.

Funis musarius angustifolius 9.

Furcaria 48.

Geertnera laurifolia 107, racemosa 107.

GaracrEA 206.—G. longiflora 206, tenuiflora 206, 207, villosa 207.

Galari-marum 84.

Galedupa elliptica 263, Indica 262, Piscidia 263, :

Galega arborescens 210, argentea 212, barba-Jovis 212, biflora 212, coerulea
313, Colonila 213, Colutea 200, 212, diffusa 213, Heyneana 213, hirta
213, incana 212, lancesefolia 213, maxima 214, pentaphylla 214, procum-
bens 213, prostrata 213, purpurea 213, senticosa 212, spinosa 214, tinc-
toria 211, 213, villosa 212, 213. z ;

Garum 442.—G. Aparine 442, asperifolium 442, elegans 443, Indicum 443,
latifolium 443, parviflorum 442, Requienianum 443.

Ganitrus 82. a :

Garcinia 100, 121.—G. affinis 101, Cambogia 100, Cochinchenis 100, Cowa
101, Gutta 101, Indica 101, Kydia 101, lanceeefolia 101, Zeylanica 101.

GaRpENIA 394.—G. arborea 395, calyculata 396, dumetorum 397, enneandra
394, floribunda 398, foliolosa 399, fragrans 400, grandiflora 395, gummife-
ra 395, latifolia 394, 395, longispina 398, lucida 395, 396, montana 396,
Naum-papata 425, nutans 397, Pandaki 400, parviflora 425, Pavetta 401,

462 INDEX.
pubescens 396, resinifera 395, speciosa 422, spinosa 397, 398, uliginosa
398.

Gardeniacese 393.

Gardeniese 393.

GanvcA 175.—G. Madagascariensis 175, pinnata 175.

Gastonia Nalugu 376, 448.

Geeria glabra 86.

Gxuissaspis 217.—G. cristata 218.

Gela lanceolata 147.

Gelonium 113.

Gemella trifolia 110.

Genisteæ 181.

Geoffreæ 279.

Groruita 436.—G. diversifolia 436, reniformis 436.

Geraniaceæ 133. :

Geranium 133.—G. affine 133, collinum 133, collinum 133, longipes 133, pa-
lustre 133.

Gerontegea biflora 415, racemosa 414.

Gerona 315.—G. floribunda 315, nitida 315, nutans 315.

Gilibertia Nalugu 376, 448.

Gimbernatia 315. é A

GriNvs 362.—G. dictamnoides 362, lotoides 362, ononoides 362, trianthemoi-
des 362.

Grycosmis 90, 92.—G. angustifolia 98, arborea 92, chylocarpa 93, macrophy l-
la 92, nitida 93, pentaphylla 93, triphylla 93. E
Guyctne 208.—G. aurea 237, cana 241, capitata 237, debilis 208, densiflora
239, elongata 237, filiformis 207, 208, humifusa 195, Javanica 208, labia-
lis 208, leptocarpa 195, lineata 258, mollis 209, nummularia 237, pallens
208, parviflora 208, 209, pentandra 208, Pondicherrensis 240, rhombifo-
lia 239, rufescens 239, 240, suaveolens 240, tenuiflora 206, 207, triloba

246, vestita 207, viscida 209, viscosa 248.

Gompnia 152.—G. angustifolia 152, 153, Zeylanica 153.

GoxrocanPus 338.—G. tenellus 338.

Gonotheca Blumei 413.

Gorponia 87.—G. obtusa 87.

Gossampinus alba 61, rubra 61.

Gossypium 54.—G. album 54, arboreum 55, Barbadense 55, croceum 55,
eglandulosum 54, fuscum 448, glabrum 55, herbaceum 54, hirsutum 54,
Indicum 55, Javanicum 55, latifolium 55, micranthum 54, nigrum 54,
obtusifolium 54, Peruvianum 55, purpureum 55, racemosum 55, religio-
sum 55, rubicundum 55, tricuspidatum 54, vitifolium 55.

Govania 166.—G. leptostachya 166, microcarpa 167, tilizefolia 167.

Gratiola aromatica 418.

GnzENEA 402, 403.—G. Jackii 404, Wightiana 404.

Grewia 75.—G. abutilifolia 79, affinis 81, arborea 80, Asiatica 79, aspera 79,
betulæfolia 80, bicolor 78, bracteata 76, carpinifolia 76, 78, 79, columna-
ris 76, commutata 79, Damine 77, didyma 77, disperma 77, emarginata
76, 79, excelsa 77, 78, flavescens 79, glabra 77, helicterifolia 78, hirsuta
78, involucrata 79, levigata 77, 78, macrophylla 79, Microcos 81, mon-
tana 78, obliqua 77, obtusa 76, orbicularis 80, orbiculata 79, 80, orienta-
lis 76, 79, ovalifolia 77, pilosa 77, 78, polygama 78, populifolia 80,
rhammifolia 76, Rothii 78, rotundifolia 79, 80, Roxburghii 78, sinis
77, 18, scabrida 79, sepiaria 77, serrulata 77, subinsequalis 80, tilisefolia

80, tomentosa 78, ulmifolia 81, variabilis 80, villosa 79.

Grirritaia 399.—G. fragrans 400.

Gristza 307.—G. punctata 308, tomentosa 308.

Groumitea 432, 434.—G. congesta 432, nigra 432, subinteger 432.

Guaiava pyriformis 328.

INDEX. 465

Guarea Alliaria 121, Amaris 121, binectarifera 120, Gobara 121, Gotadhora
120, paniculata 121.

Guatteria 10.—G. acutiflora 8, 11, cerasoides 10, Korinti 10, longifolia 10,
Malabarica 8, montana 8, sempervirens 11, suberosa 10.

Guazuma 64.—G. tomentosa 64, ulmifolia 64.

GUETTARDA 421.—G. speciosa 422,

Guettardaces 418.

Guettardez 421,

GUILANDINA 280.—G. axillaris 280, Bonduc 280, 281, Bonduccella 280, Mo-

_ ringa 178, oleosperma 281, paniculata 281.

Guioa 113.

Guttiferss 100.

Gymnosporia 159.

Gynanpropsis 21.—G. affinis 21, pentaphylla 21.

Gvrsornina 42.—G. Vaccaria 42.

Hallia hirta 180, monophylla 180, sororia 231, trifoliata 231. -

Haloragese 337.

Haronacrs 338.—H. oligantha 338.

Hamintonia 423.—H. Mysorensis 423.

Hapalocarpum 305.

Hararosra 358.—H. Loeflingize 358.

Harpwickia 284.—H. binata 284, pinnata 284.

Harpelema 195.

Hartighesia Alliaria 121.

Hartogia 155.

Hepera 376.—H. cheirantha 376, Jatrophifolia 376, latifolia 376, Leschenaul-
tii 877, ovata 377, terebinthacea 377, trifoliata 377°

Hedyoterse 405.

Hedyotidere 401.

HxpYorrts 439, 405.—H. affinis 411, 416, alata 413, alsinsefolia 415, angusti-

folia 412, approximata 412, articularis 406, aspera 417, attenuata 416,
auriculata 412, biflora 413, 415, brachiata 415, 416, Burmanniana 415, ca-
lycina 409, capitata 418, capitellata 405, 408, cephalophora 408, cœru-
lea 412, congesta 412, corymbosa 408, costata 412, cymosa 418, deltoi-
dea 410, 411, dichotoma 416, diffusa 415, 417, elongata 417, fimbriata
412, fruticosa 408, glabella 418, glabra 412, graminifolia 416, 417, her-
bacea 416, Heynei 415, 416, hirsuta 412, hispida 412, 413, 418, ingrata
409, Indica 413, intermedia 415, Lawsonie 407, Leschenaultiana 411,
450, Leschenaultii 407, 450, Lindleyana 409, linarifolia 418, lineata 412,
linifolia 416, macrophylla 408, macrostemon 406, 407, maritima 417,
minima 418, mollis 406, monosperma 410, Mysorensis 418, nervosa 412,
nitida 412, nodiflora 408, nudicaulis 416, orbiculata 414, paniculata 417,
pinifolia 412, polycarpa 406, pruinosa 408, puberula 418, pumila 414,
415, pygmea 418, repens 405, Rheedei 409, rotundifolia 414, seandens
406, 407, serpyllifolia 405, 414, stipulata 409, stylosa 407, 411, subcar-
nosa 412, triflora 418, trinervia 414, tubularis 418, ulmifolia 412, umbel-
lata 407, 412, 413, uncinella 408, urophylla 409, verticillaris 409, vestita
412, villosa 450, volubilis 406, 407, Wightiana 410. :

Hedysarese 216, 255. :

Hedysarum 198.—H. alatum 225, Alhagi 232, alopecuroides 222, arboreum
224, aureum 237, 239, auriculatum 226, biarticulatum 230, bijugum 218,
bupleurifolium 233, 234, capitatum 228, cephalotes 224, cihatum 220,
collinum 225, conicum 228, conjugatum 217, crinitum 222, cuneifolium
198, cylindricum 233, dichotomum 226, diffusum 226, diphyllum 217,
erinaceum 198, Gangeticum 225, glumaceum 234, glutinosum 248, gra-
mineum 233, gyrans 227, gyroides 227, hamatum 218, hamosum 222,
heterocarpum 229, heterophyllum 229, lagenarium 219, lagopoides 222,

464 . INDEX.

latebrosum 180, latifolium 225, 226, lineare 226, lineatum 242, linifolium
199, longifolium 234, maculatum 225, moniliferum 232, Nalla-Kashina
216, Nah-Tali 219, nudum 238, nummularifolium 198, 233, orbiculatum
281, parvifolium 230, pictum 222, pilosum 223, polycarpum 229, pro-
cumbens 223, prostratum 199, 209, pulchellum 230, punctatum 239, pur-
pureum 228, quinqueangulatum 226, recurvatum 226, reptans 229, re-
troflexum 223, rotundifolium 198, rufescens 239, 228, scariosum 234,
sennoides 216, siliquosum 228, sororium 231, strobuliferum 243, styraci-
folium 223, 225, 234, 235, tenellum 230, triflorum 229, triquetrum 225,
tuberosum 205, umbellatum 224, vaginale 233, varium 233, venosum
240, vespertilionis 221, viscidum 221, volitans 221.

Heisteria 88. í

HzrierEnEs 60.—H. Carthagenensis 60, Isora 60, 448, longifolia 60, macro-
phylla 60, Roxburghii 60.

Herosoraprum 367.—H. Heyneanum 368, trifoliatum 368.

Heptapleurum 377.

Heracteum 372.—H. diversifolium 368, Hookerianum 372, rigens 373, Spren-
gelianum 372, Wallichii 368.

HznrrrggA 63.—H. attenuata 63, Fomes 63, littoralis 63, minor 63.

Hermanniese 65.

Herpetica 287.

Heuchera dichotoma 364. b

HzvraxpiA 180.—H. cordifolia 199, hebecarpa 180, latebrosa 180, leiocarpa
180.

Heynea 120.—H. affinis 121, trifolia 120, trijuga 121.
Hreiscus 47.—H. Abelmoschus 53, acerifolius 50, aculeatus 447, bifurcatus 48,
Borbonicus 50, canabinus 50, canescens 49, Chitle-Benda 47, circinnatus
52, collinus 51, coriaceus 53, crotonifolius 52, dissectus 48, diversifolius
48, elatus 52, eriocarpus 51, esculentus 53, 448, ficulneus 53, flavescens
53, furcatus 48, 447, Gangeticus 49, Guinensis 52, hirtus 51, 448, Lam-
pas 48, longifolius 53, 448, lunarifolius 49, micranthus 51, morifolius 47,
. moschatus 53, 448, mutabilis 51, obtusifolius 50, odoratus 47, panduri-
. formis 50, phoeniceus 51, pilosus 50, populneoides 54, populneus 54,
prostratus 448, pruriens 49, pseudo-Abelmoschus 53, pterospermoides
53, pumilus 448, radiatus 48, rhombifolius 49, rigidus 51, Rosa-Malaba-
rica 51, Rosa-Sinensis 49, septemnervosus 50, setosus 49, 50, sidoides 49,
similis 52, sinuatus 53, Solandra 55, 448, Subdariffa 52, Surattensis 48,
447, Syriacus 49, tetralocularis 448, tiliaceus 52, tortuosus 52, tricuspis
52, Trionum 48, truncatus 50, tubulosus 50, unilateralis 51, velutinus 50,
vesicarius 48, vitifolius 50, 448, Wightianus 49, Zeylanicus 47, 447.
Hippocratea 103.—H. disperma 104, Indica 104, 448, obtusifolia 104, tor-
tuosa 104, volubilis 104,
Hippocrateacese 103.
Hippocrepis barbata 228.
HirrAcz 107.—H. Madablota 107, parvifolia 107.
Hir#a 108,—H. cordata 108, Indica 108, nutans 108.
Hoticarna 156, 169.—H. longifolia 169, racemosa 169.
Holosteum cordatum 359.
Horra 85.—H. glabra 85, Wightiana 85.
Hornera 253.
Hosackia Indica 195.
Houstonia 406.
Huconta 72.—H. ferruginea 72, Mystax 72, obovata 448.
Hugoniacee 71.
Humpotptia 284.—H. Brunonis 285, laurifolia 285, tripetala 285.
costs 30.—H. inebrians 30.
ydrocaryes 335.
Hyprocera 140.—H. angustifolia 141, triflora 140.
Hydrocerese 140.

INDEX. 465

HypnocorvrLE 360.—H. Asiatica 366, Heyneana 366, Nepalensis 366, polyce-
phala 366, rotundifolia 366, tenella 366, Wightiana 366, Zeylanica 366.

Hy»pnornvrax 441.—H. maritima 441.

Hymenopyction 392, 396.—H. excelsum 392, obovatum 392.

Hyperanthera decandra 178, Moringa 178.

Hypericinese 98.

Hypericum 99.—H. alternifolium 99, Hookerianum 99, humifusum 99, Japo-
nieum 99, Mysurense 99, Nepalense 100, pallens 100, setosum 100,
Wightianum 99.

Hyprrantuera 399.—H. stricta 399.

Ictca 177.—I. dentata 96, Indica 177.

Ilieinez 155.

Illecebreze 357.

Illecebrum verticillatum 356.

Impatiens 135.—I. arcuata 136, baccifera 141, Balsamina 135, 136, bulbosa
137, Chinensis 137, coccinea 136, cornuta 136, 137, diversifolia 138, fas-
ciculata 138, 139, 140, filiformis 140, 448, fruticosa 137, grandis 137,
heterophylla 138, 139, inconspicua 139, Kleinii 137, 140, latifolia 136,
138, Leschenaultii 136, 138, longifolia 136, lucida 138, Madagascariensis
140, Malabarica 139, Mysorensis 137, 139, 140, natans 140, 141, oppo-
sitifolia 137, 138, 139, 140, 448, pendula 136, 140, pusilla 139, reticulata
139, Rheedei 138, rosmarinifolia 139, 140, rufescens 138, 140, scabrius-
cula 136, 140, scapiflora 137, tenella 140, tomentosa 139, triflora 141,

. tripetala 135, 138, umbellata 137.

IxprcorERA 198.—I. adenophylla 201, Anil 202, arborea 208, arcuata 204, ar-
gentea 201, 202, armata 204, aspalathifolia 199, aspalathoides 199, atro-
purpurea 203, barbata 205, brachycarpa 203, ceespitosa 199, canescens

— 901, 204, cassioides 203, ccerulea 203, colorata 202, congesta 201, cor-
difolia 199, echinata 198, elliptica 203, enneaphylla 199, flaccida 204,
foliosa 192, 202, fragrans 200, frumentacea 199, glabra 200, glandulosa
199, 201, glaucescens 203, ]utinosa 200, veolens 200, hedysaroides
204, heterophylla 200, 201, hirsuta 204, Indica 202, Kleinii 204, Lesche-
naultii 201, linifolia 198, marginulata 204, multicaulis 201, Mysorensis
202, Orixensis 201, parviflora 201, pauciflora 201, pedicellata 200, 204,
pentaphylla 200, peregrina 201, polygonoides 199, polyphylla 202, pro-
strata 198, 201, 204, pulchella 203, purpurascens 203, pusilla 200, re-
tusa 203, rigida 204, scabra 204, Sumatrana 202, tenuifolia 200, ternata
204, tinctoria 202, trifoliata 201, trita 203, 204, uncinata 203, uniflora
199, verrucosa 203, violacea 203, viscosa 200, Wightii 202.

lonrpum 32.—I. Capense 33, enneaspermum 33, 37, erectum 33, frutescens 33,
heterophyllum 33, leptorhizum 33, suffruticosum 32, 33, Wightianum 33.

Inca 268.—1. bigemina 269, concordiana 270, dulcis 268, flexuosa 269, ge-
minata 269, Koenigii 269, lucida 269, nitida 269, umbellata 270, Wighti-
ana 269, xylocarpa 269. ae

Involucraria 349, 350.—I. Wallichii 350. cad

Ixora 427, 433.—I. alba 401, 430, arborea 429, arguta 430, attenuata 430,
Bhanduca 427, brachiata 429, coccinea 427, corymbosa 430, cuneifolia
427, 428, 429, 430, decipiens 429, elongata 430, flammea 428, grandi-
flora 427, incarnata 428, lanceolaria 429, 430, leucantha 430, micrantha '
429, nigricans 428, Notoniana 428, Nuny-papata 431, obovata 427, pa-
niculata 430, 431, parviflora 429, Pavetta 429, 431, propinqua 427, pu-
berula 430, speciosa 428, stricta 427, 430, tomentosa 431, undulata 428,
Wallichii 428, Wightiana 429, 430.

Jackia excelsa 39.
Jambolifera pedunculata 147. :
Jamposa 332.—J. alba 332, aquea 332, domestica 332, macrophylla 332, Ma-

laccensis 332, purpurascens 332, purpurea 333, vulgaris 332.
eg

466. INDEX.

Jasminum hirsutum 422. ? xcii

Jounta 105, 449.—J. Coromandeliana 105, salacioides 105, Wightii 449.

JowzsiA 284.—J. Asoca 284, pinnata 284.

Juglans Catappa 313.

JussugA 335.—J. angustifolia 336, Blumeana 336, caryophyllea 336, exaltata
336, fluviatilis 335, fruticosa 336, racemosa 316, repens 335, suffruticosa
336, villosa 336.

Kadsumi 205.

Katancnor 359.—K. floribunda 359, grandiflora 359, heterophylla 360, laci-
niata 360, spathulata 360, Wightiana 359.

Kallstremia 145.

KaNDpELIA 310.—K. Rheedei 311.

Kanneli-Itti-Kanni 387.

Ketmia 48.

KrzixBoviA 64.—K. Hospita 64.

Kleinhovies 64. $ .

KxoxrA 439.—K. corymbosa 439, 440, exserta 439, glabra 412, Heyneana 439,
440, mollis 439, stricta 440, Sumatrensis 439, teres 439, umbellata 439,
umbellifera 440, Wightiana 439, 440, Zeylanica 440.

Kohautia 417.

Koon 114.

Kvpr4 69.—K. calycina 70, fraterna 70, pulverulenta 70.

Lapras 250.—L. cultratus 251, leucocarpus 251, lignosus 250, microearpus
251, Nankinicus 250, perennis 251, vulgaris 250.

Lacuris illicioides 148.

LacgNARIA 341.—L. vulgaris 341. :

Lacerstramia 908.—L. flos-Regine 308, hirsuta 308, Indica 308, lanceolata
309, parviflora 308, 309, Reginse 308, 309.

Lagerstraemiese 308.

Laguncularia 449.—L. purpurea 449, rosea 449.

Lacunea 55.—L. aculeata 58, 55, lobata 55.

Lahaya corymbosa 357, spadicea 358.

Langsdorfia 148.

Lansium 119.

Larbrea aquatica 42.

Lathyrus Aphaca 235, sativus 235. E

Lawsonta 307.—L. alba 307, falcata 307, inermis 307, purpurea 406, spinosa

307.

LEBRETONIA 47.—L. flava 47, procumbens 47.

Lechea verticillata 41.

Lera 131.—L. sequata 132, arborea 132, integrifolia 132, Ottilis 132, robusta
132, sambucina 132, staphylea 132. _

Leguminosa....... 208, indeterminata 262.

Leguminosee 178.

Lentago 388.

Lepidium sativum 19.

Leptospermum Amboinense 37. :

LusrepEza 231.—L. Indica 231, juncea 199, lagopoides 222, lineata 243.

Ligustieum Ajowan 368, Indicum 371. j

Limo ferus 98, taurinus 98, tuberosus 98, unguentarius 98, ventricosus 98.

Liwox1a 90, 91.—L. acidissima 92, alata 92, arborea 92, bilocularis 94, citri"
folia 92, crenulata 92, diacantha 91, minuta 448, Missionis 92, rag “a
phylla 91, pentagyna 92, pentaphylla 93, pubescens 448, trifoliata 91,
448.

Linee 134.
Linearum familie 362.

INDEX. 467

Linum 134.—L. Mysurense 184, repens 134, trigynum 134, usitatissimum 134.

Losocarrus 7.—L. Candolleanus 7.

Loefflingia Indica 358.

Lonicera 381, 389.—L. Leschenaultii 389, ligustrina 389, mollis 389, Zey-
lanica 384.

Lonicerese 389.

Loranthacese 378.

Lorantuus 379, 381.—L. amplexicaulis 385, amplexifolius 384, bicolor 384,
biflorus 386, bracteatus 385, buddleioides 383, 386, Candolleanus 385,
capitellatus 382, cordifolius 383, coriaceus 382, cuneatus 385, elastieus
386, falcatus 384, globosus 387, goodeniiflorus 385, Heyneanus 383, 385,
Heynei 383, Hookerianus 381, 386, Kanneli 387, Koenigianus 384, lobe-
liiflorus 385, longiflorus 384, loniceroides 382, mimecylifolius 383, Mit-
chellii 387, montanus 385, Neelgherrensis 382, obtusatus 381, polysta-
chyus 381, recurvatus 383, rugulosus 386, sarcophyllus 384, Scurrula
383, terrestris 381, tetrandrus 381, tomentosus 383, 385, trigonus 386,
turbinatus 386, umbellatus 382, viscifolius 385, Wallichianus 381,
Wightianus 384.

Lotez 180.

Lotus Indicus 195.

Lovrea 221.—L. Vespertilionis 221.

Lupwiera 336.—L. diffusa 336, jussimoides 336, oppositifolia 336, parviflora
336, perennis 336, Zeylaniea 336.

Lurra 343.—L. acutangula 343, amara 343, 344, Cattu-picinna 343, echinata
343, Kleinii 344, pentandra 343, Petola 343, Plukenetiana 343, tuberosa

344.
Lumnitzera 316, 424.—L. coccinea 316, 449, racemosa 316, 424, 449.
Lunanea 62. :

Lunu-Ankenda 148.

Lupinus Cochinchensis 187, trifoliatus 192, 197.

Luvunea 90.

Lycium fetidum 441, Indicum 441, Japonicum 441.

Lythrariese 302.

Lythres 303.

Lythrum fruticosum 308, Pemphis 307, triflorum 307.

Macrandria 406.

Macqueria 148. à

Maeroenemum strictum 399.

Macrotyloma 248.

Magnoliacez 6.

Magnolies 6.

Mahonia Nepalensis 16.

Mazura 118.—M. Rothii 118.

Malpighiacese 116.

Mira 45.—M. Mauritiana 45, rosea 45, rotundifolia 45.

Malvaceæ 45. :

Malvaviscus populneus 54. j

Mammea Asiatica 333. á icd ain

ManoirERA 169.—M. axillaris 169, domestica 170, Indica 170, montana 170,
oppositifolia 156, 170, pinnata 170, 173.

Mangostana Cambogia 100. :

Manna hebraica 232.

Marsana buxifolia 94.

Medicago esculenta 196.

Medinilla 324. :

Mertatevea 326.—M. bicolor 319, Cajaputi 326, 327, leucadendron 326, mi-
nor 326.

ag2

468 INDEX.

Melanium fruticosum 307.

Melanoxylon Cadika-marum 313. i

Metastoma 324.—M. asperum 323, glomerata 323, Malabathricum 324, poly-
anthum 324.

MzznawiA 68.—M. Burchellii 68, incana 68.

Meru 117.—M. Azadirachta 118, Azedarach 117, baccifera 118, composita
117, Koetjape 120, robusta 117, sempervirens 117, suberba 117.

Meliacea Wightiana 119.

Meliaceze 116, 448.

Melianthus major 144.

Melicocea trijuga 114.

Melieze 116.

Metitorvs 196.—M. altissima 196, Indica 196, leucantha 196, minima 196,
parviflora 196, vulgaris 196.

Melochia concatenata 66, corchorifolia 66, supina 66, truncata 66.

Melothria Zeylanica 129.

Memecyles 318.

Memecyton 319, 387.—M. amplexicaule 320, capitellatum 319, cordatum 320,
depressum 320, edule 219, grande 320, Heyneanum 319, laxiflorum 319,
ovatum 319, pyriforme 320, ramiflorum 319, 320, sessile 320, tinctorium
319, umbellatum 319.

Menispermacese 11, 161.

Menispermesze 11. jac

Menispermum acuminatum 12, coccineum 12, Cocculus 12, 446, cordifolium
12, flavescens 12, glabrum 12, heteroclitum 446, hirsutum 13, 446, lacu-
nosum 12, Malabaricum 12, myosotoides 18, orbiculatum 12, peltatum 14
polyearpum 12, radiatum 12, verrucosum 12, villosum 13. ;

Mephitidia Roxburghii 390, Wallichii 390.

Mespilus Japonica 302.

Mersua 102.—M. ferrea 102, speciosa 102.

Meteorus coccineus 333.

Metrosideros saligna 327.

MzzosEvRUM 282.—M. cucullatum 281, 283.

Micuetia 6.—M. Champaca 6, 446.

Microcui#na 70.—M. quinquelocularis 71.

Microcos mala 81, paniculata 81, Stauntoniana 81.

Micrometum 90.—M. minutum 448, pubescens 94.

Mirivsa 10.—M. Indica 10.

MirLErTTIA 263,—M. rubiginosa 263, splendens 262.

oe e: 115.—M. pungens 115, semialata 241, simplicifolia 115, stricta

Millingtoniaces 115.

Minea 116, 118.—M. montana 116, 118, Roxburghiana 119. à

Mimosa 268.—M. abstergens 278, alba 277, amara 274, Arabica 277, armata
268, bigemina 269, 270, biglobosa 279, cæsia 278, Catechu 272, 273;
Catechuoides 272, 273, cinerea 271, concinna 277, Concordiana 270.
cornigera 273, 274, dulcis 269, dumosa 274, eburnea 276, Entada 268, —
Farnesiana 272, ferruginea 273, 277, flexuosa 275, geminata 269, grandi-
flora 279, hamata 268, horrida 276, Indica 272, Intsia 278, Kleinii 276,
latronum 273, 274, Lebbek 275, leucophlza 277, lucida 269, 270, mar- -
ginata 275, natans 270, nitida 269, octandra 268, odoratissima 275, pe-
dunculata 279, pennata 277, 278, planifrons 276, procera 275, prostra-

ta 270, pudica 220, pulchella 275, Rottleri 268, rubicaulis 268, rugata —

277, saponaria 278, scandens 268, sensitiva 220, sepiaria 272, Sirissa
Smithiana 274, speciosa 275, spinosiliqua 268, stipulacea 274, stipulata
274, Suma 273, Sundra 273, tenuifolia 278, tomentosa 274, 276, torta 277,

triquetra 270, umbellata 270 i : a 269. =
nnn he quit e E

INDEX. 469

Mischocarpus 113.

Mopecca 353.—M. bracteata 350, 353, diversifolia 353, 448, integrifolia 353,.
palmata 353, tuberosa 353, Wightiana 353. :

Molina racemosa 107.

Molinsea 113.— M. canescens 113.

Mollia corymbosa 357, spadicea 357. ;

Mottveo 43.—M. bellidifolia 43, Cerviana 44, disticha 44, erecta 44, Linkii
44, nudicaulis 43, paniculata 44, parviflora 44, pentaphylla 44, radiata
44, Spergula 44, stricta 44, triphylla 44, verticillata 44.

Momorpica 348.—M. balsamina 348, Charantia 348, Cochinchensis 349, dioica
348, Heyneana 349, humilis 349, Missionis 348, mixta 349, monadelpha
347, muricata 348, sativa 341, spicata 348, tubiflora 348, umbellata dag.

Monocera 83.—M. tuberculata 83.

Morinda 418.—M. angustifolia 420, aspera 420, bracteata 419, 420, Chachuca
420, citrifolia 419, exserta 419, Mudia 420, Padavara 420, parvifolia 421,
scandens 420, stenophylla 420, tetrandra 421, tinctoria 419, tomentosa
420, umbellata 420, 421. ;

Morindeæ 418.

Morınea 178.—M. oleifera 178, polygona 178, pterygosperma 178, Zeylanica
178. $

Moringeæ 177. :

Mougeotia corchorifolia 66.

Moulinsia cupanioides 112, rubiginosa 112.

Mouriria 319. :

Mvcuna 253.—M. atropurpurea 254, capitata 255, gigantea 254, hirsuta 254,
monosperma 254, nivea 255, pruriens 255, prurita 255.

Mundulea 210.

Muricia Cochinchensis 349.

Murraya 90, 94.—M. exotica 94, longifolia 94, paniculata 94, 95, Sumatrana

95. a
Mvussænpa 393.—M. arcuata 393, Belilla 394, corymbosa 393, Dovinia 394,
flavescens 394, frondosa 393, 394, glabra 393, Landia 394, tomentosa

394.

Myginda 155.—M. ilicifolia 155, myrsinoides 155, myrtifolia 155.

Myonima multiflora 330.

Myrcia acris 331, pimentoides 331.

Myricaria vaginata 40.

Myrtacese 326. :

Myrtvus 328.—M. acris 331, Androseemoides 350, aromatica 331, 332, brac-
teata 331, canescens 328, caryophyllata 329, 331, citrifolia 332, Coro-
mandeliana 331, Cumini 329, cuneata 332, Heynei 331 , Jambos 332, la-
tifolia 331, littoralis 331, macrophylla 333, Malaccensis 333, Pimenta
var. latifolia 331, ruscifolia 331, Sonneratii 330, tomentosa 328, Willde-
nowii 331, Zeylanica 330.

Mnrornvrrvu 338.—M. Indicum 310, 339, tetrandrum 339.

Myrobalanus 313.—M. Bellirica 313, Chebula 313, 814. —

Naravetia 2.—N. Zeylanica 2.

Nargcamra 116.—N. alata 117. ; ;
Nasturtium 19.—N. divaricatum 19, diversifolium 19, Gangeticum 19, he-
terophyllum 19, Madagascariense 19, micranthum 19, montanum 19.

Narstatum herpeticum 161. nee H í

Navcrea 390.—N. Cadamba 392, cordifolia 391, Missionis 392, orientalis 391,
392, parviflora 391, parvifolia 391, purp2zea 391; 449, 450, rotundifolia
449, sterculisefolia 449. 2

Naucles 390.

Neerija 156.—N. dichotoma 157.

Negretia 253.

470 INDEX.

Nela-Naregam 117.

Netumerum 16.—N. speciosum 16.

oen nucifera ee " ^

emedra eleeagnoidea 119. :

NEePHELIUM 113—N. Benghalense 113, lappaceum 119, Litchi 113, Longa-
num 113, rimosum 113.

Neptunia 270.—N. oleracea 270. "

Nzsxa 304, 307.— N. triflora 307.

Nhandirobere 340.

Nicolsonia styracifolia 223.

Nissunesa 23.—N. arenaria 24, linearis 23, oblongifolia 23.

Niota 63.—N. Lamarckiana 151, lucida 151, polyandra 63, tetrapetala 151.

Nomismra 236, 238.—N. aurea 237, capitata 237, Nummularia 237.

Nonatelia hispida 390.

Notonia 207, 449.—N. Wightii 208, 449.

Nyctanthes hirsuta 422,

Nympnaa 16.—N. Cachlara 446, edulis 447, esculenta 447, Lotus 17, 447,
Nelumbo 16, Nouchali 17, pubescens 17, rubra 17, 447, stellata 17.

Nympheeacee 16.

Ocana 152.—O. Heyneana 152, lucida 152, nana 152, nitida 152, obtusata
152, parvifolia 152, squarrosa 152, Wightiana 152.

Ochnacez 151.

Opina 171.—O. Wodier 171.

Odonia trinerva 257.

Olacineze 88.
Orax 88.—O. Bador 88, Heyneana 89, imbricata 89, lucida 89, obtusa 89,
Psittacorum 89, scandens 89, Wightiana 89, Zeylanica 88. i
Oldenlandia 413.—O. affinis 416, alata 414, aspera 417, Asperulæ 416, biflora
364, 413, 414, 415, 417, capillaris 416, 417, corymbosa 408, c =
415, decumbens 364, depressa 414, dichotoma 364, 416, 417, diffusa 415,
digyna 364, graminifolia 417, herbacea 416, linearifolia 416, 417, linifo :
416, maritima 414, nudicaulis 416, paniculata 413, 414, pauciflora 415,
pentandra 364, pusilla 416, racemosa 414, radicans 413, ramosa 414, re
pens 405, 414, scabra 418, sessiliflora 264, stricta 417, tenuifolia 415, 417,

; trinervia 414, umbellata 413.

Olea serrata 83.
Omphalobium Indicum 143, pinnatum 143.
iæ 335, 364.

Onobrychis euneifolia 198, lineata 243, rotundifolia 198, sororia 231.

Ornionuiza 404.—O. bracteolata 405, Brunonis 404, Harrisiana 405, Munghos
404, 405, rugosa 405. Eh

Ophioxylon arboreum 434. i

Opuntia 363.—0O. Dillenii 363.

Onmocanrum 216.—O. cassioides 216, sennoides 216, suleatum 216, verruco"
sum 216.

Ornitrophe 109.—O. Aporetica 110, Cobbe 110, glabra 110, serrata 110. ,
Ospeckta 322,— 0. aspera 323, capitata 323, cupularis 323, glauca 323, map-
pendiculata 323, Kleinii 323, Leschenaultiana 322, truneata 822, v

- 923, Wightiana 322, 323, Zeylanica 322. :
Ottilis Zeylanica 132.
Oxalidese 141. ey
Oxaris 142.—O. caprina 142, corniculata 142, monadelpha 142, pusilla 12°,
repens 142, sensitiva 142, stricta 142.
Oxycarpus Gangetica 101, Indica 101.
Ozonia 375.—O. feeniculacea 375.

Pacnyruizus 251.—P. angulatus 251.

INDEX. 471
Padavara 420.
Pxperta 424.—P. erecta 424, foetida 424, recurva 424, ternata 424, Valli-
Kara 424,
ar — Anisum 376, fruticosum 376, Heyneana 376, Leschenaultii
Papaver 17.—P. somniferum 17.
Papaveracese 17.
Papayacese 351.
Papaya vulgaris 352.
Papilionacez 178.
PanATROPIA 277.—P. capitata 377, nodosa 377, venulosa 377, Wallichiana 377.
Partium 52.—P. Gangeticum 49, tiliaceum 52, tricuspis 52. _
Pank1A 279.—P. biglandulosa 279, Brunonis 279, Roxburghii 279.
Parkieze 279.
PankiNsoNiA 283.—P. aculeata 284. _
Parnassta 34.—P. fimbriata 35, Kotzebuei 85, Mysorensis 35, ornata 35, pu-
silla 35, Wightiana 35.

Parnassie 34.

Parocuetus 251.—P. major 252.

Paronychiacese 357.

PasstFrora 352.—P. Heyneana 353, Leschenaultii 352.
Passifloreze 352. T
Pastinaca 872.—P. Candolleana 372, ligusticifolia 372.
Pauletia 295. :

Paullinia Asiatica 149.

Paverra 430, 433.—P. alba 431, amplexicaulis 430, angustifolia 430, barbata
430, breviflora 429, Brunonis 431, hispidula 431, Indica 430, 431, lucens
431, polyantha 431, Rothiana 431, Sumatrensis 430, tomentosa 431, ve-
lutina 431, villosa 431, Wightiana 401, 430.

Pavonia 47.—P. odorata 47, repanda 46, sidoides 47, Zeylanica 47.

Prcanum 146.—P. Harmala 146.

Pegia 171.

t» iaa glomeratum 133, Radula 133, Zonale 133.

Pxwpnrs 306.—P. acidula 307, angustifolia 307. ‘

Pentarrres 67.—P. acerifolia 69, angustifolia 67, pheenicea 67, suberifolia 69.

Pentaptera 314.—P. angustifolia 314, Arjuna 314, coriacea 315, crenulata
314, cuneata 314, glabra 314, paniculata 315, tomentosa 314.

Peplidium cochlearifolium 414.

Peplis Indica 303, Portula 405.

Peripetalee 155.

Perrottetia 155. )

Petaloma 316.—P, alternifolia 316.

Peucedane:e 371.

Phanera 298. UE ;
Pharnaceum Cerviana 44, depressum 358, distichum 44, Molugo 44, parvi-

„florum 44, pentagonum 362, pentaphyllum 44, spathulatum 43, strictum

44, triphyllum 44.

Phaseoleze 236, 255.

Puasrorvs 243.—P. aconitifolius 246, 247, alatus 244, amarus 244, calcaratus
245, Caracalla 244, compressa 243, difformis 250, farinosus 245, Grahamia-
nus 244, Hernandesii 245, hirtus 245, lobatus 247, lunatus 244, Max 244,
Minoomoo 246, multiflorus 244, Mungo 245, 246, nanus 243, psoraleoi-
des 244, radiatus 246, Romanus 243, rostratus 244, Roxburghii 246, sa-
eus 243, semierectus 244, trilobus 246, 247, trinervius 245, vulga-

ponac
ris 243, 244, Wightii 245.

Phellandrium 369. a.

PuonEnos 29.—P. Chinensis 30, crenatus 29, 30, lanceolatus 30, macrophyllus
30, Wightianus 30. :

Puorinta 302,—P. Lindleyana 302, Notoniana 302.

472 | INDEX.

Phyllodium pulchellum 230.
PuytiomaTia 239. >
Physocalycium 360.
Physotemon 22.
Phytocrene sup ^
Pietetia ternata 216. 4
PriurINELLA 368.—P. Candolleana 369, diversifolia 368, Heyneana 368, invo-
luerata 369, Javana 369, Leschenaultii 369, trifoliata 368.
Pisum sativum 235.
Pitt rez 153, 158.
ess tini 158, 154.—P. floribundum 154, Neelgberrense 154, tetrasper-
mum 154, viridiflorum 154. - :
Plagiotaxis Chickrassa 123, grandiflora 123, velutina 123.
PraTYNEMA 107.—P. laurifolium 107.
Prevrostyzia 157.—P. Heynei 157, Wightii 157.
Podalyria aurea 179. 4 k 2
Pornciana 282.—P. compressa 282, elata 282, insignis 282, pulcherrima 282.
Porvnza 317.—P. pilosa 317, Roxburghii 317. i à
PoraxisiA 22.—P. Chelidonii 22, dodecandra 22, felina 22, graveolens 22,
. heterophylla 23, icosandra 22, Leschenaultii 22, viscosa 22.
Polia 357.—P. arenaria 857. —— : de
Polycarpæa 357.—P. Benthamii 358, corymbosa 358, densiflora 357, nien
pressa 358, Indica 358, lanuginosa 358, Memphitiea 358, spadicea 357,
358, ph 358.
Pol on pusillum 358.
Pooh 30 —P. angustifolia 37, arillata 39, arvensis 33, 36, 37, 38, me
Stachya 37, Ceylana 39, Chinensis 36, ciliata 38, crotalloides 36, ^
38, glaucoides 36, 37, grandiflora 36, Heyneana 38, Javana 38, lina =
lia 38, linearis 38, persicaricefolia 39, procumbens 36, 37, prostrata e
: 38, ramosa 38, rosmarinifolia 37, Rothiana 97, serpyllifolia 36, 37, 9]
~ phioides 36, thesioides 33 tomentosa 37, Tranquebarica 37, triflora 87,
(4, Vahliana 36, Wightiana 38.
Polygalez 35.
Polyozus 431.—p. maderaspanata 401.
Pomacese 301.
Pomaderris capsularis 166.
Poncamia 262.—P. elongata 263, glabra 262, grandiflora 263, Heyneana ien]
ovalifolia 262, racemosa 211, religiosa 262, sericea 263, triphylla P
uliginosa 262, 263. —
Portutaca 355.—P. cristata 356, meridiana 356, oleracea 356, quadrifida 356,
repens 356, suffruticosa 356, tuberosa 356, Wightiana 356. axi
Portulacese 354. : à
Posoqueria dumetorum 397, floribunda 398, fragrans 400, longispina 398, ent,
tans 397, uliginosa 398. T
PorENTILLA 300.—P. alpestris 300, Grahamiana 301, Heynei 300, apee
300, Leschenaultiana 301, opaca 300, supina 300, verna 300, Wallichia-
na 300.
Potentilleæ 298.
Poupartia Mangifera 173.
gotai cytisoides 180.
Rosorrs 271.—P. spicata 272, spicigera 271 278. Ec
Protium i 6.—P. eena 176. Gileadense 177, pubescens 176, Roxburghi
ana 176.

Pseudaleia 88.
PSEUDARTARIA 209.—P. Hookeri 209, viscida 209.
Pseudocynometra 294.

Psprum 328.—P. angustifolium 328, caninum 328, Cujavillus 328, pomiferum —
328, pumilum 328, pyriferum 328.

INDEX. 473

Psornocanpus 252.—P. tetragonolobus 252.

PsonALEA 197.— P. corylifolia 198, tetragonoloba 197.

Psycuorria 432.—P. ambigua 433, bisulcata 434, bracteata 434, connata 433,
curviflota 433, herbacea 436, leevigata 433, nudiflora 434, ophioxyloides
d Reevesii 432, spheerocarpa 433, truncata 433, vaginans 434, volubi-
is 424,

Psydrax 426.—P. dicoccos 401, 425.

Ptelea viscosa 114.

Prernapra 324.—P. capitellata 235.

Prerocarpus 266.—P. bilobus 267, dalbergioides 267, Marsupium 266, santa-
linus 266, Sissoo 264, uliginosa 262, Wallichii 267.

Prerotosium 283.—P. lacerans 283.

Prerosrermum 68.—P. acerifolium 69, aceroides 448, canescens 68, glabres-
- 69, Heyneanum 69, reticulatum 69, rubiginosum 68, suberifolium

, 69.

Prycnocentrum 239.

Prycnoris 368.—P. Ajowan 368, Roxburghiana 369.

Purrarra 205.—P. tuberosa 205, 449.

Punica 327.—P. Granatum 327.

Putoriez 440. je

Pyconospora 197.—P. hedysaroides 197, nervosa 197, 449.

Pyrostria 422.

Pyrrhanthus albus 316, littoreus 316.

PYnnuornrcuia 238.—P. tuberosa 238.

Quinaria Lansium 95.
QuisquaLis 318.—Q. densiflora 318, glabra 318, Indica 318, Loureiri 318, pu-
bescens 318, villosa 318.

Ranpra 399, 401.—R. corymbosa 399, dumetorum 397, fasciculata 397, flori-
bunda 397, 398, foliolosa 398, horrida 397, longiflora 397, longispina 397,
398, Malabarica 400, nutans 397, rigida 397, ottleri 397, sinensis 397,
stricta 399, tomentosa 398, uliginosa 398.

Ranuneulacez 1.

Ranunculinee 1.

RaxvNcvLUs 3.—R. aeris 4, reniformis 3, subpinnatus 4, Wallichianus 4.

Raphanus sativus 19.

Ratonia 113.

Reichardia decapetala 282, hexapetala 283.

Reinaria 211.

Resepna 28.—-R. alba 28, undata 28.

Resedaceæ 28,

Retinaria 166.—R. scandens 167.

Rhamnes 161. ‘ ic

Ruamnvs 164.—R. catharticus 165, cireumscissus 165, filiformis 164, me
tus 162, hirsutus 165, Jujuba 162, lucidus 165, myrtinus 165, Napeca
162, 163, Neerija 157, Œnoplia 163, parviflorus 164, virgatus 165, Wightii
164, Xylopyrus 162.

Rhetsa 148. ; ^
Rarzornora 310.—R. Candel 311, Candelaria 310, caryophylloides 311, caseo-

laris 327, cylindrica 311, decandra 311, —— 311, Mangle 310,
iflora 311, sexangula 311, Timoriensis 311.

Rhizophorese 310. : c

Ruvs 172.—R. Cobbe 110, decipiens 172, Indicum 172, Mysurensis 172, par-
viflorum 172, Reedelijavel, 143. d

Ruynenosta 237, 255.—R. aurea 237, biflora 256, cana 240, capitata 237. , cro-
talarioides 241, densiflora 239, elongata 237, ervoidea 239, Heynei 240,
medicaginea 238, 256, microphylla 239, nuda 238, 239, Nummularia 237,

474 _ INDEX.

pilosa 209, rhombifolia 239, scarabseoides 256, rufescens 239, 240, sua-
veolens 240, tenuicaulis 239, velutina 288, 257, virgata 238, viscida 209,
Wightiana 257. : ;

ics 65.—R. concatenata 66, corchorifolia 66, radiata 66, supina 66, trun-

í cata x F

Robergia hirsuta 144. ;

Robinia 263.—R. candida 210, filiformis, 206, Heynei 179, Javanica 289, ra-
cemosa 211, sennoides 210, subdecandra 179, suberosa 210, uliginosa
262.

Roioc 419.

Rondeletia 402.—R. Asiatica 401, cinerea 402, corymbosa 404, cymosa 425,
exserta 402, Heynei 402, Oryssensis 402, paniculata 402, proxima 402,
spicata 404, stricta 399, thrysiflora 402, tinctoria 402.

Rondeletieze 402. PN

Rosa 301.—R. Leschenaultiana 301, sempervirens 301, Wallichii 301.

Rosaceæ 298.

Roses 301.

Rorata 303.—R. decussata 303, Mexicana 303, verticillaris 303.

Rora 195.—R. trifoliata 195.

Roumea inermis 29.

Rovnza 143, 262.—R. santaloides 144.

Roxburghia baccata 89.

Rubentia 156. 1

Russa 442,—R. cordifolia 442, Javana 442, Munjista 442, Munjith 442, secun-
da 442.

Rubiacese 390. baci

Rusvs 298—R. albescens 299, Alcesefolius 299, Goureephul 298, Hamiltonia-
nus 299, hexagynus 299, hirtus 298, Indicus 299, lasiocarpus 299, Mo-
luceanus 299, Mysurensis 299, paniculatus 299, parvifolius 299, racemo-
sus 299, reflexus 299, rotundifolius 299, Roxburghianus 299, rugosus 299,

E Wallichianus 298. à
. 65. i

Rumphia 173.

Russelia oldenlandioides 449, viscosa 449.

Ruta 146.—R. angustifolia 146, Chalepensis 146, graveolens 146.

Rutaces 145.

Sabdariffa 52.

Sageretia rq filiformis 164, oppositifolia 163, 164, parviflora 164, thee-
zans 163.

Sagina ammannoides 447.

SaLACIA 104.—S. Brunoniana 105, campestris 104, Chinensis 104, 105, Co-
chinensis 105, fruticosa 106, 448, levigata 104, oblonga 106, oppositifo-
lia 106, pomifera 105, prinoides 105, Roxburghii 105, Wightiana 105.

Salomonia ciliata 38.

Samapera 151, 166.—S. Indica 151.

Sambucese 387.

Sampucus 387.—S. Canadensis 449, Wightiana 388.

Sanporicum 119.—8. Indicum 120.

SaNICULA 367.—S. elata 367, hermaphrodita 367,

Saniculese 367.

Santia 422.—S. venulosa 422.

Sapindacese 108.

Sapindes 108. :

Sarinpus 110.—S. abstergens 111, acutus 111, alternifolius 112, Benghalensis
113, deficiens 111, detergens 111, emarginatus 111, fraxinifolius in
fruticosus 111, laurifolius 111, longifolius 111, microcarpus 112, obova-

INDEX. 475

tus 111, Rarak 111, rubiginosus 112, squamosus 112, tetraphyllus 113,
trifoliatus 111.

Saponaria perfoliata 42, 447, Vaccaria 42.

Saraca 284.—58. arborescens 284, Indica 284.

Sarissus 441.—S. anceps 441.

Saul Jallarea 84, Tumbugaia 34.

Saxifragacese 363.

Saxifragese 364.

Scabiosa Brunoniana 445.

Scandicineg 375.

Schinus Benghalensis 177, Niara 177, Saheria 177.

ScHLEICHERA 114.—S. pentapetala 113, pubescens 114, trijuga 114.

ScuuipELIA 109.—8. Cobbe 109, distachya 110, racemosa 110, serrata 110.

Scheepfia 378. *

Schrebera 156.

Scleromitrion 412.

Scrknosrynis 90, 93.—8. atalantioides 93.

Scopolia aculeata 149.

Scurta 165, 319.—8. Commersonii 165, Indica 165, paniculata 158.

Scytalia 113.—S. Longan 113, rimosa 113.

Selas lanceolatum 147.

Sellowia uliginosa 306.

Semecarpus 168.—8. Anacardium 168, cuneifolium 168.

Senacia 154, : i

Senna 287.—8. Absus 291, alata 287, arborescens 289, auriculata 290, bicap-
sularis 286, dimidiata 293, esculenta 287, obtusa 288, occidentalis 290,
officinalis 288, prostrata 292, purpurea 287, sensitiva 292, Sophera 287,

iosa 289, Sumatrana 289, tenella 292, Tora 291, Toroides 291.

SgiissA,440.—8. feetida 431.

Serpicuta 337, 338.—S. brevipes 338, hirsuta 338, veroniceefolia 338.
Sespania 214.—8. aculeata 214, Aigyptiaca 214, affinis 215, cannabina 215,
coccinea 216, Cochinchensis 215, grandiflora 215, procumbens 215.

Sgsexi 371.—8. Indicum 371, Zeylanicum 368.

Seselinese 370.

Sesuvium 354, 361.—S. Portulacastrum 361, repens 361.

Seria 106.—S. Indica 106. "

Shorea 84.—S. laccifera 84, robusta 84, Roxburghii 84, Talura 84, Tumbu-
gaia 84.

Saurer 207.—8. glabrata 207, vestita 207.

Sicyos Garcini 344. P Ea

Siva 57.—S. acuta 57, alba 58, alnifolia 58, Asiatica 56, Balbisiana 57, Be-
loere 56, brachypetala 57, Chinensis 58, cordifolia 58, crispa 56, cunei-
folia 66, diversifolia 55, Eteromischos 56, glandulosa 58, glutinosa 59,
graveolens 56, heterophylla 55, hirta 56, 59, humilis 59, Indica 56, lan-
ceolata 57, 448, montana 56, multicaulis 59, Mysorensis 59, nervosa 59,
olens 59, orientalis 57, periplocifolia 55, Persica 55, Philippica 58, pilosa
56, 59, polyandra 55, populifolia 56, radicans 59, repanda 57, retusa 58,
66, rhombifolia 58, rhomboidea 57, 58, rotundifolia 58, scabrida 57, sco-
paria 57, spinosa 58, Stauntoniana 57, stipulata 57, tenax 59, tomentosa
56, 57, unilocularis 59, urens 59, urticeefolia 59, veroniceefolia 69, verti-
cillata 59, vesicaria 56. ise

SiuENE 42.— 8. Indica 42, intrusa 42, noctiflora 42.

Simaruber 150. $c :

SiwAPIS 20,—8. brassicata 19, dichotoma 19, erysimoides 447, glauca 19, jun-

` cea 19, 20, lævigata 19, nigra 447, pusilla 447, rugosa 19.
Sison Ammi 365.
Sisymbrium micranthum 19.

Suiruia 220.—S. aspera 219, blanda 221, conferta 220, cristata 218, gemini-

476 INDEX.

flora 220, Martinicensis 220, pumila 220, racemosa 221, sensitiva 220,
icata 220, spas

Sosa 247.—S. hispida 247, Japonica 247, Javaniea 208, Wightii 208.

Solandra lobata 55.

Solea enneasperma 33, erecta 33.

Sotenocarrus 171.—S. Indica 171, 173.

Solenotinus 388. E ;

Soxzma 321.—$8. Brunonis 321, grandiflora 322, maculata 321, Rheedei 321,
Rottleri 321, Zeylanica 322.

Sonneratia 327.—S. acida 327, apetala 327.

Sornona 179.—8. glauca 179, occidentalis 179, tomentosa 179.

Sophorez 179.

SoniNpEJA 170, 173.—S. Madagascariensis 170.

Soymipa 122.—8. febrifuga 122. *

Spergula sestivosa 41.

SrERMAcock 406, 438.—S. articularis 438, compressa 410, corymbosa 439, 440,
exserta 439, glabra 412, hirta 438, 439, hispida 438, 439, lasiocarpa 437,
longicaulis 438, ocymoides 437, 439, ramosa 438, ramosissima 438, Rox-
burghiana 437, scabra 438, stricta 437, Sumatrensis 439, tenera 499, teres
439, tubularis 439, verticillata 437.

Spermacocese 436.

Spermadyction 423.

Spheridiophorum 199.

Spheerosacme laxa 119, polystachya 119, Rohituka 119, spicata 119.

Sronpias 172.—S. acuminata 173, amara 173, dulcis 170, 173, lutea 173,
Mangifera 173, paniculata 173, purpurea 173, simplieifolia 169.

Spondiew 167, 172.

Stadmannia 113.—S. trijuga 114.

Stalagmitis cambogioides 100, 102, Cowa 101, ovalifolius 102, pictoriws 102.

Staphylea Indica 132, montana 160, vepretum 160. :

Staphyleacese, 155.

— 42.—8. aquatica 42, cordata 359, media 42, monogyna 42, uligino-
i |

Stellatee 141.

SrERCULIA 62.—8. acuminata 62, argentea 63, Balanghas 62, Candollei 62, co-
lorata 63, fætida 63, guttata 62, macrocarpa 62, macrophylla 62, populi-
folia 62, urens 63, vibus 63.

Sterculie 62.

Stigmarota Africana 29, Jangomas 29.

Stizolobium 253, 254.—S. bulbosum 251, giganteum 254, pruriens 255, scara-
beeoides 256. j

Stravadium album 333, coccineum 333, rubrum 333.

Stræmia tetrandra 24, trifoliata 24, 447.

Strophostyles 245.

oRYNE 400, 401, 431.—S. Malabarica 400, monosperma 401, Pandaki
400, Webera 401, 430.

SrvrosaTRUS 218.—S. mucronata 218.

SunraNA 361.—8. maritima 361.

Surianese 360.

Sutherlandia frutescens 209.

Swietenia Chickrassa 123, chloroxylon 123, febrifuga 122, rubra 122.

Swieteniese 122.

Symphyopoda 296. :

Syzygium 329.—S. Belluta 330, caryophyllæum 329, caryophyllifolium 329,

ensiflorum 329, fruticosum 330, Heyneanum 330, inophyllum 329, Jam-

bolanum 147, 329, 330, lanceolatum 330, lineare 330, rubieundum 330,

salieifolium 330, spicatum 330, Wightianum 330, Zeylanicum 380.

INDEX. "m

TariNuM 356.—T. cuneifolium 357, Indicum 356.

Tamara alba 446, rubra 446.

Tamarinpus 285.—T. Indica 285, occidentalis 285, orientalis 285.

'Tamariscinec 39.

TAMARIX 40.—T. articulata 40, dioica 40, 447, epacroides 40, ericoides 40,
Gallica 40, Indica 40, 447, mucronata 40, Pharos 40, tenacissima 40.

Tarenna 401.—T. Zeylanica 401.

Trpnrosta 209.—T. argentea 210, 212, biflora 212, brachystachya 211, candi-
da 210, coccinea 211, Colutea 212, diffusa 213, fusca 210, galegioides
213, Grahamii 211, Heyneana 211, Hookeriana 212, hypargyrea 211, in-
cana 212, intermedia 211, lancesefolia 213, lanceolata 213, lobata 213,
maxima 213, Mitchelii 214, nervosa 211, parviflora 213, pentaphylla 213,
pulchra 210, purpurea 213, 214, racemosa 210, senticosa 211, sericea 210,
spinosa 214, stricta 213, suberosa 210, subsessilis 214, Taylorii 213, tinc-
toria 211, 213, uliginosa 262, villosa 212, 213, Wallichii 213.

Teramnus labialis 208, parviflorus 208, tenuiflorus 206.

Terebinthaces 156, 167, 173.

TERMINALIA 212.—T. alata 314; angustifolia 312, 814, Arjuna 314, Belerica
313, Benzoin 313, Berryi 314, Catappa 313, Chebula 313, citrina 313,
coriacea 315, crenulata 314, cuneata 314, elliptica 314, glabra 314, in-
termedia 313, Moluccana 313, monaptera 315, Myrobalana 313, Myro-
balanus-citrina 318, obovata 314, paniculata 315, punctata 313, reticulata
313, subcordata 313, tomentosa 314, Travancorensis 314.

Terminaliese 312.

Ternstremia crenulata 86.

Ternstreemiacese 85. ok
'TETRACERA 5.—T. Assa 5, Heyneana 5, levis 5, Malabarica 5, Rheedei 5,
trigyna 5. :

Thalamifloræ 1.

Tuaticrrum 2.—T. glyphocarpum 2.

Turoproma 64.—T. Cacao 64.

Tuesprsta 54.—T. macrophylla 54, pupulnea 54.

Thlaspi Bursa 20, Bursa-pastoris 20.

Tiliacese 72.

Tiliacora racemosa 13.

Timoneus Forsteri 423.

Tina 113.

Tobinia 148.

TopDALIA 149.—T. aculeata 149, Asiatica 149, bilocularis 149, floribunda
149, nitida 149, rubicaulis 149.

Tonsella 104.—T. prinoides 105.

Tordylium Anthriscus 374.

Tortus 374.—T. Anthriscus 374, elata 374.

Toxicodendron Cobbe 110.

Trara 337.—T. bispinosa 337, quadrispinosa 337.

TRIANTHEMA 954.— T. crystallina 355, decandra 355, monogyna 355, obcor-
data 355, pentandra 355, polyantha 355, triquetra 355. e

Tarmvrvs 144.—T. lanuginosus 145, maximus 145. —

Tricnaurus 40.— T. ericoides 40. : an.

Trichilia nervosa 120, spinosa 91, venosa 120, villosa 120.

Trichiliece 11 949.—T. Anguina 250, caudata 349, cordata 349, 350 bicn

TrIcHosanTHES 849. — 1. a 250, ca , €o 990, cucu-
merina 350, cuspidata 349, globosa 349, heteroclita 349, Kakidonda 450,
laciniosa 350, lobata 350, nervifolia 349, palmata 349, 350, 353, tube-
rosa 349. ROSA

Trifolium Germanicum 196, Indicum 196, officinale 196, unifolium 198.

TuiGONELLA 195.— T. corniculata 196, elatior 196, esculenta 196, Fænum-græ-
cum 195, Indica 195, tetrapetala 197-

478 INDEX.

Trigonis 113.

Tpsem acerifolia 55.

Trionum 48.

Triopteris Indica 108.

Triosteum hirsutum 390.

Trienasta 90, 91.—T. Aurantiola 91, sarmentosa 91, trifoliata 91.

Triptectrum 324.—T. radicans 324.

Tritheca 305.

TniuurETTA 73.—T. angulata 74, Bartramia 75, glabra 75, glandulosa 74, In-

dica 74, Lappula 74, microphylla 75, neglecta 75, oblonga 74, oblongata

. T4, orbiculata 75, pilosa 74, rotundifolia 75, suborbiculata 75, trichocla-
. da 74, vestita 74.

Turrinta 156.— T. microcarpa 156, Nepalensis 156, pomifera 175.

Turrea 116.— T. alata 197, virens 99.

Tytonia 140.—T. natans 449.

Umbelliferze 365.

Unguicularia 250. E

Unona 9.—U. altissima 446, Cananga 8, Chinensis 9, discolor 8, esculenta 10,
grandiflora 9, Lessertiana 9, longifolia 10, macrophylla 9, moniliformis
446, Musaria 9, Narum 9, odorata 8, odoratissima 446, Selanica 88, un-
cinata 10.

Unanra 220, 221,—U. campanulata 222, comosa 222, crinita 222, desmodioi-
des 222, hamosa 222, lagopoides 222, lanceolata 222, leptostachya 222,
picta 221, retrofracta 223, retusa 222, styracifolia 222.

Urena 46.—U. Americana 47, cana 46, heterophylla 47, Lappago 47, lobata
46, 447, morifolia 47, muricata 47, paradoxa 47, repanda 46, scabrius-

. cula 46, sinuata 46, 47.

Urticaceæ 161.

Uvanra 7.—U. cerasoides 10, ciliata 10, coriacea 8, eseulenta 10, grandiflora
9, Heyneana 8, longifolia 10, lutea 8, mollis 9, monilifera 9, Narum 9,
odorata 8, 446, odoratissima 10, purpurea 9, Russellii 9, suberosa 10,
tomentosa 8, uncata 10, Zeylanica 9.

VacnELLIA 262.— V. Farnesiana 272. :

VAHLIA A oldenlandix 364, oldenlandioides 364, sessiliflora 364, vis-
cosa

vinee 443.— V. Brunoniana 443, dioica 444, Hookeriana 444, Leschenaul-

Valerianes 443.

Valikaha 319.

Valli-Modagam 107.

Vananga chinensis 421, edulis 421.

VaxavERIA Commersonii 421, cymosa 421, edulis 421, Madagascariensis 421, —

inosa 421. y

Vanden Molluccana 30. :

VaTERIA 83.—V. Indica 83, lanceolata 84.

Vatica 84.—V. Chinensis 84, laccifera 84, Tumbugaia 84.

Velaga globosa 308, xylocarpa 69.

Ventitaco 164.—V. bracteata 164, denticulata 164, Maderaspatana 164.

Verea 360.— V. laciniata 360, pinnata 360.

Vinurnum 388.— V. acuminatum 388, capitellatum 388, hebanthum 388, pu-
bigerum 389, Wightianum 388, 429.

Vicia Mitchelii 236.

— ia an aou:

101A 31.— V. ceespitosa 32, Chinensis 32, enneasperma 33, erecta 99, frutes-
eens 33, Mysurensis 32, Notoniana 32, odorata 32, ovata 32, Patrini 32,

primulfolia 32, suffruticosa 33, 4447, Wightiana 32. (OU

INDEX. 479

Violariesze 31.

T 179.—V. aurea 179, Capensis 169, intrusa 179, lutea 179, sylvatica

Viscum 378.— V. album 379, angulatum 380, attenuatum 380, Benghalense
379, capitellatum 380, confertum 379, cruciatum 379, dichotomum 381, |
falcatum 379, grossum 380, Heyneanum 379, Mangiferz 380, monilifor-
me 380, monoicum 379, opuntioides 380, 381,. orientale 379, ramosissi-
mum 380, Teenioides 381, vertuculosum 379, Wallichianum 379, Wight-
ianum 380.

Visenia concatenata 66, corchorifolia 66, supina 66.

Vitex levigata 433.

Viris 124.—V. adnata 126, angustifolia 128, aquosa 131, auriculata 127, 129, :
barbata 131, carnosa 127, 129, cinnamomea 131, cordata 126, cordifolia
131, crenata 127, cymosa 129, diversifolia 125, elongata 128, 129, erio-
clada 130, glaberrima 125, glabrata 130, glauca 125, 126, heterophylla
127, Heyneana 125, 131, inæqualis 125, Sndica 130, 131, Kleinii 126,
130, lanata 131, lanceolaria 128, 353, latifolia 130, 131, Linnæi 125, 126,
muricata 128, pallida 125, paniculata 129, pedata 128, qua iri
125, repanda 125, repens 125, 126, Rheedei 127, Rox ii 127, rugosa
131, serratifolia 128, serrulata 129, setosa 127, tenuifolia 129, ternata
130, 131, tomentosa 130, 131, 448, trifida 130, triloba 130, 131, vinifera
139, Wightiana 125.

ViTMANNIA 151, 166.—V. Africana 166, elliptica 151.

Wahlenbergia 405.—W. perotifolia 405.

Walkera serrata 153.

Wallichia 71. :

Warsura 120.—W. lanceolata 119, piscidia 120, robusta 120, ternata 120.

WarrHüERIA 66.—W. Americana 67, angustifolia 67, corchorifolia 67, elliptica
67, erioclada 67, ferruginea 67, glabra 67, glabriuscula 67, gracilis 67,

| Indica 67, lanata 67, microphylla 67, ovata 67. .

Webera 401.—W. cerifera 401, corymbosa 401, 429, eymosa 425, tetrandra
426, thyrsoidea 403.

Wenptanpra 401, 402, 404.—W. bicuspidata 403, buddleioides 402, cinerea
402, 403, densiflora 403, exserta 402, 403, glabrata 403, Heyneana 403,
Lawsonize 406, longifolia 402, Notoniana 403, paniculata 402, pendula
402, puberula 402, tinctoria 402, Wallichii 402, Wightiana 404.

Westonia humifusa 195.

Willemetia 166.—W. Africana 166.

Winterlia uliginosa 306.

Woodfordia 307.

Wormia 106.—W. Coromandeliana 5, dentata 5, triquetra 5.

Xantuocuymus 101, 448.—X. ovalifolius 102, 448, pictorius 102, spicatus 102.
KANTHOPHYLLUM 39.—X. flavescens 39. n
Xaugn1A 88, 89.—X. Americana 89, olacioides 89, Russeliana 89.

XxrocanPus 121.—X. Antila 120, Granatum 121.

Zaleya decandra 355.
ZANONIA 340.—Z. Indica 340.
Zanthoxylacee 147.
Zanthoxylese 147.
Zanthoxyli facie 149. ws d s
ZaNTHOXYLON 147.—Z. Budrunga 148, connaroides 148, Rhetsa 148, tetras- -
permum 148, triphyllum 148, Zeylanicum 148.
Zizyruus 161, 163, 399.— 2. Caracutta 162, elliptica 162, glabrata 161, 162,
163, horrida 163, Jujuba 161, 162, latifolia 162, microphylla 162, Mauri-
tiana 162, Napeca 163 Nummularia 161, 162, obliqua 162, Œnoplia 161,

2

490 - " INDEX.

163, orbicularis 162, paniculata 162, rotundifolia 162, rugosa 161, 162,

ruminata 162, scandens 163, Sinensis 163, Sororia 162, trinervia 162,

aeS e 163, xylopyrus 161, 162. (5 nem
Zornia 217.—2. angustifolia 217, conjugata 217, disperma 218, pulchella 230,

3 , reticulata 117, strobulifera 243, Zeylanica 217, Zeylonensis 217.

— Zygophylles 144.

Zygophyllum Fabago 144.

END OF VOLUME FIRST.

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