BULLETIN

OF THE

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS

r

2 sie 1915: No. 18

1915

The Botany of Texas

‘An Account of Botanical Investigations in Texas and
Adjoining Territory

x by
CHARLES HERMAN WINKLER, M. A.

Publications of the University of Texas

Publications Committee:

W. J. Bartz BC

J. C. Townzs A. CASWELL ELLIS
W. S. Carter H.-A. Ba

Kris CAMPBELL J. A. Lomax

F. W. Sruuonps A. ©. Jupson

ipal Research, and other bulletins of general educational in-
terest. With the exception of special numbers, any bulletin will
be sent to a citizen of Texas free on request. All communica-
tions about University publications should be addressed to the
Editor of University Publications, University of Texas, Austin

URTESY MO. BOT, GARDEN

siessg shh JACOB i
her of Texas Bot

B74-415-2m-7769

BULLETIN

UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS

1915: No. 18

MARCH 25 ee

The Botany of Texas

An Account of Botanical Investigations in Texas and
Adjoining Territory

by
CHARLES HERMAN WINKLER, M. A.

Published by the University six times a month andentered’ .
class matter at the postoffice at
AUSTIN, TEXAS

The mei of education and of
useful know used
through a anced are essential
to the preservation of a free gov-
rnment.

Sam Houston.

Cultivated soni is the guardian

edge and the only security that free-
men desire. ; oc
Mirabeau B. Lamar.

INTRODUCTION

It is the purpose of this bulletin to give an account of investi-
gations of a botanic nature pertaining more or less directly to
the flora of Texas and adjoining territory. The information
has been gathered from numerous sources—botanical journals,
government publications, ete—that are not generally available
to the teacher and student. An annotated list of publications
on the botany of Texas has been prepared for the aid of teachers
of botany, and is appended hereto.

An Account of Botanical Investigations
in Texas and Adjoining Territory

The study of Texas plants, though fragmentary and unsys-
tematic, is as old as the State itself. Prior to her annexation to
the Union, and even before the period of the Republic of Texas,
Texas had become an interesting field of observation and re-
search for botanists and naturalists.

This early interest in the flora of Texas had its origin in a
small collection of about one hundred and fifty species of plants
made by Dr. Luis Berlandier, a French scientist travelling in
Mexico and Texas during the years 1826 to 1834. As naturalist
of the Mier y Teran expedition, or Comision de Limates, sent
out by the Mexican Government to determine the character of
the country along the proposed United States and Mexican
boundary in 1828, Berlandier made this earliest collection of
Texas plants along a route between Laredo and San Antonio.
These plants were sent to the Royal Museum at the Jardin des
Plantes, Paris, and probably to other European herbaria.*

A set of Berlandier’s Texas plants came into the hands of
Thomas Drummond, an English botanist-collector who had
made extensive collections of plants in various parts of North
America, and‘at once revealed to him how different the vegeta-
tion of this region is, in general, from that of the United States.
He was therefore very desirous of an opportunity for an ex-
pedition into this region and, in 1831, while on a collecting ex-
pedition into the central and northern portion of the United
States, leaving the rest of his party, went to St. Louis, thence
south to New Orleans, and in 1833-34 made a botanical tour
into Texas, spending about sixteen months collecting plants
and birds in the vicinity of Galveston Island. These Texas col-
lections, comprising 700 species of plants and 180 birds, were
sent to Sir Wm. Hooker at Glasgow, who liberally patronized
this and many similar expeditions in the interest of the advance-
ment of botanical knowledge.

Drummond’s letters, written while in Texas, were published

*A set of Berlandier’s Texas plants was secured by the Smith-
gonian Institution in 1855. The Smith. Inst, 1846-1896, p. 707.

6 Bulletin of the Unversity of Texas

in Hooker’s Comp. to Bot. Mag. (1:39-49). They describe the
conditions as he found them in this frontier country and enu-
merate the many difficulties with which the botanist and naural-
ist of his time had to cope. Transportation with sufficient ma-
terials to properly preserve collections was a serious problem,
and many plants, sometimes entire collections, reached their
destination in a worthless condition, (*)

In 1836, less than two years after Drummond’s brief explora-
tions in the vicinity of Galveston Island, Ferdinand J. Lind-
heimer began a work of the most far reaching importance to
Texas botany. Lindheimer had received botanical training at
several of the leading universities in Europe, and upon his ar-
rival in Texas he at once recognized the unparalleled oppor-
tunity which this region offered to the plant lover. The dis-
turbances incident to the Texas War of Independence and the
unsettled political conditions during the early days of the Re-
public, however, were great hindrances in carrying on his work,
and it was not until 1842 that Lindheimer collected plants in
large quantities. In 1843, his friend and schoolmate, Dr. Geo.

Engelmann, suggested to Dr. Asa Gray that they cooperate
with Lindheimer in the classification and distribution of his
collections and thus enable him to give his entire time to field
work,

During the nine years following this agreement Lindenheimer
devoted himself almost exclusively to botanical work—collect-
ing and taking notes on the habitat of plants in this region.
These collections, consisting of five fascicles, and representing
more than 1400 species, were classified and issued to subscribers
by Drs. Engelmann and Gray under the title “‘Flora Texana
Exsiccata.’’ The date and size of these several Lindheimer col-
lections is given by Blankinship as follows: Fascicle I, con-
taining 214 species, collected in 1843: Fascicle II, represented
in the 1844 collection, with Nos. 215-318; Fascicle III, consist-
ing of Nos. 319-574, of 1845-6: Fascicle IV, comprising Nos.
575-754, collected in 1847-8: and Fascicle V. containing about

bf

*For a brief biographical sketch of Thomas Drummond, see Ap-
pleton’s Cyc. of Amer. Biog.

The Botany of Texas 7

650 species collected 1849-51. (*) Each fascicle consists of
from ten to thirty sets, thus making it possible to distribute the
collections to a number of herbaria and subscribers,

The following list of subscribers to ‘‘Flora Texana Exsic-
cata,’’ as shown by Gray’s unpublished letters to Engelmann,
was prepared by Biankinship, and deserves special mention
since it shows the very wide interest in Texas botany more than
sixty years ago (8).
Alexander, Dr.; England.

entham, Geo.; titand.
Boissier Herbarium; Geneva.
British Museum; London.

Kew Gardens; England.
Lamson, Prof.; Canada.

n.
Lowell, Jno.; Cambridge, Mass.

Braun, Alex.; Berlin.
Buckley, S. B.; Texas.
Carey, S. T.; New York.
Cleveland, Prof. P.; Maine.
Durand, Elias.

Engelmann, Geo.; St. Louis.
Fielding, H. B.; England.

Gray, Asa; Cabra Mass.

Jardin des Planted: Paris.

Oakes, Wm.; Ipswich, Mass.
Olney, S. T.; Providence, R. I.
Saunders, Wm.; England.
Shuttleworth, R. J.; England.
Smithsonian Institute ; Wash.
Stevens.

Sullivant, W. L.; Ohio.
Thurber, George.

Torrey, Jno.; New York.

Webb, Barker; France.

The importance of Lindheimer’s work is not generally ap-
I

preciated. In

fact, prior to the publication of Part III of

Plantae Lindheimerianae (8) very little of this pioneer botanist
was known beyond his friends and colleagues, and even now no:
records of his contributions to the botany of Texas are avail-
able to the general reader. Though editor of the leading Ger-
man paper in Texas for more than twenty years, he never wrote
about himself nor his achievements, and praise received for
his labors from other publishers and editors was never repub-
lished in the columns of his paper

While his greatest activity as a collector was during the pe-
riod from 1842 to 1852, Lindheimer did not give up his interest
in plants when, in the latter year, he assumed the management
and editorship of the ‘‘Neu Braunfelser Zeitung.’’ For more

*Plantae Lindheimerianae. III. p. 124.

8 Bulletin of the Universtiy of Texas

than twenty-five years he continued to devote such time as his
professional duties allowed to botany and added many -new
species to the collections in his private herbarium. Upon his
death in 1879 this entire herbarium came into the hands of the
late Prof. Emil Dapprich of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and _ to-
gether with his collection was exhibited at the World’s Fair at

aris. This combined collection of Lindheimer and Dapprich,
as preserved in the museum of the National German-American
Academy and Teacher’s Seminary at Milwaukee, consists of
about six thousand species.

In an article on the flora of Texas—‘‘Eine Uebersicht der
Flora von Texas’’—published in ‘‘ Aufsaetze und Abhandlun-
gen’’ (72), we get a glimpse of Lindheimer’s knowledge of the
botany of this region. We here have an account of the differ-
ent regions of Texas with their characteristic floras; and a mas-
terly discussion of the ecological factors influencing same. So
accurate and complete were the notes accompanying Lindheimer’s
collections that Dr. Engelmann, although he had never seen this
section of the country, could therefrom write an authoritative
article ‘‘on the Character of the Vegetation of Southwestern
Texas’’ (45).

Lindheimer well deserved the title—‘‘ Father of Texas Botany’’
—given him by American botanists. He was the first to dis-
cover the wonderful richness of the Texas flora, and it was his
collections together with those of Chas. Wright (also made in
Texas) that formed the nucleus of an important and authentic
North American herbarium. (See Smith. Rep. 1851, p. 11). (*)

Closely associated with Lindheimer’s work, being coincident
with it, is the botanical work of Ferdinand Roemer during his
sojourn of almost a year and a half in Texas in 1845-6. Roemer
was a geologist, but while studying the geology and geography
of Texas he also collected plants and made observations on the
fiora along the route of his travels. In his book—‘‘Texas’’—
(91) Roemer gives a pleasing description of his visit with Lind-
heimer in his little cabin on the Comal, near Neu Braunfels, and
expresses a high aren of him as a scientist and botanist.

*For a biographical sketch of iiudhebnes see (1) oer Lind-
heimerianae III. pp. 127-141; (2) Allg. Deutsch. Biog. 18

The Botany of Texas g

Roemer and Lindheimer made numerous botanical excur-
sions in the vicinity of Neu Braunfels, and when the former
left to return to Europe collections were exchanged, so that

reaily collected by Lindheimer. Upon his arrival in Berlin,
Roemer placed his collections in the hands of Adolph Scheele,
whose classification and description of them was published in
Linnaea (95), (96), (97), and in appendix to Roemer’s ‘‘Texas”’
(91).

It is quite evident that the work of Roemer in so far as it
pertains to the botany of Texas is merely incidental. His col-
lections, although made at a later date than the early collections
of Plantae Lindheimerianae (46), were published earlier, and
thus were given undue prominence in the annals of Texas
botany.

Thus far botanical collections in Texas had been confined
to the central and southern portions of the State, it being un-
safe for the naturalist to venture far beyond the border of the
settlements. Following the annexation of Texas, however, one
of the first acts of the United States Government was the estab-
lishment of a chain of forts along the north and west frontier,
which became the base of a series of military explorations that
afforded an excellent opportunity for making a study of the
flora of the western part of the State.

It was in connection with the movement of troops to these
western forts that Charles Wright made his first collections mm
this region. In 1847-8 he accompanied a troop of soldiers to
Eag’e Pass, ‘‘where he botanized on both sides of the river.’’ (*)
In the summer of 1849 he accompanied a small body of troops.
across the unexplored region between San Antonio and El Paso,.
returning again in November. The collections of this trip, to
the end of Compositae (418 species), are described in Part f
of Plantae Wrightianae Texrano-Neo-Mexicanae, Smithsonian
Contributions to Knowledge, 1852. A fact of special interest:
connected with this trip is that it constitutes the first step
taken by the Smithsonian Institution toward the formation of
a National Herbarium. The Institution contributed $150 to-

*Scientific Papers of Asa Gray. II. p. 409.

10 Bulletin of the University of Texas

ward defraying Wright’s expenses, in consideration of which
it was to be entitled to a full set of the plants collected.

Although Wright’s explorations into this western region were
fostered by United States troops—for without their protection
the journey would have been impossible—and notwithstanding
the fact that a part of the expenses were borne by the Smith-
sonian Institution, all botanical work in Texas thus far has been
accomplished through private enterprise. To their love for
science, and to that alone, may we attribute the work of Lind-
heimer, Roemer, and Charles Wright. Enduring many priva-
tions and hardships, and with no other hope of reward than
the satisfaction of having contributed to the enrichment of the
botanical knowledge concerning a region practically unknown,
they toiled faithfully and persistently on.

Beginning with the Mexican Boundary survey (1848-1855)
the Federal Government inaugurated a plan that in connection
with a series of expeditions into this western region resulted in
the accumulation of a vast amount of scientific data upon which
numerous publications were afterwards based. Under this plan
the various corps of engineers engaged in this and subsequent
surveys were usually accompanied by a scientific. specialist
whose duty it was to report upon the natural history of the
region traversed. In some instances, in the absence of a natural-
ist detailed especially for this task, the surgeon of the party
acted in his capacity. These natural history reports, in so far
as they pertain to botany, were accompanied by large colleec-
tions of plants and constitute a most valuable addition to the
botany of Texas.

A little more than a year after his first botanical tour from
San Antonio to El Paso, Charles Wright had an opportunity
for further explorations in this section. In the. spring of 1851,
partly as botanist and partly as one of the surveyors, he ac-
companied the party under Col. Graham, sent out by the De-
partment of the Interior to survey and determine the United
States and Mexican Boundary from the Rio Grande to the

*Smith. Inst. 1846-1896. A history of its first half century.
p. 706.

The Botany of Texas 1]

Pacific. The party extended their explorations as far west-
ward as the middle of Arizona, returning in the summer of 1852.

The collections of this second expedition by Charles Wright,
of which approximately 650 species are from Texas (117), were
the basis of the second part of Plantae Wrightianae (51) pub-
lished by the Smithsonian Institution in 1853. *‘As Mr. Wright
collected more largely than his associate botanists (of the Mexi-
can Boundary Survey), and divided his collections into sets,
his specimens are incorporated into a considerable number of
herbaria, at home and abroad, and are the types of many new
species and genera. No name is more largely commemorated
in the botany of Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona, than that of
Charles Wright. * * * * Surely no botanist ever better
earned such scientific remembrance by entire devotion, acute
observation, severe exertion and perseverance under hardship
and privation.’’ (*)

Simultaneous with the later surveys of the Mexican boundary
were the Pacific Railway Surveys made under the direction
of the Secretary of War to ascertain the most practical and
economic route for a railroad from the Mississippi River to the
Pacifie Ocean, (1852-1855). Two lines of the survey crossed
portions of the State of Texas: (1) the Whipple Expedition,
near the 35th parallel, and (2) the Pope Expedition along the
32nd parallel. ‘‘The Botany of the Whipple Expedition’’
(103), based upon observations and collections made by Dr. J.
M. Bigelow, is considered the most important of all the Rail-
road Surveys. This route traversed the extreme northwestern
portion of the state, however, and only a small number of the
collections were made on Texas’ soil. Dr. Geo. G. Shumard, of
the Pope Expedition, made a collection of about 320 species
in Texas and New Mexico, which were reported by Torrey and
Gray in Volume 2 of the Report of the Pacific Railway Sur.
vey (105

The explorations of the Red River to its source, by Capt. R
B. Marey in 1852, offered an opportunity for scientific observa-
tions in the northern part of the State. Two hundred species

*From biographical sketch of Chas. Wright. Sci. Papers of Asa
Gray. II. pp. 468-474.

12 Bulletin of the University of Texas

were collected, chiefly along the headwaters of the Trinity river,

by Dr. Geo. G. Shumard, surgeon of the expedition (101).

The years between 1843 and 1855 constitute the period of
greatest activity, as well as discovery, in the early history of
Texas botany. This period embraces all of the published col-
lections of Lindheimer, the collections of Roemer and Wright,
and the collections of the Mexican Boundary and Pacific Rail-
way surveys, as well as the small collection inade during the
exploration of the Red River. The twenty or thirty vears fol-
lowing this period, though there is an occasional report of a small
collection, contributed little of importance to Texas botany. S.
B. Buckley reported several small collections from central Texas
(26, 27, 28) in 1860-1862, and made a collection of 46 species
of Cyperaceae in the lower Rio Grande valley im 1878-1883 (21).
In 1877 Lester F. Ward, while on an excursion of the members
of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
through Texas and Arkansas, made a collection of 370 species
(266 from Texas). Elihu Hall, in 1872, made a coilection ot
861 species in eastern Texas, which were listed in Plantae Tex-
anae (53). '

The next contribution of importance to Texas botany is ‘‘A
Report on the Flora of Western and Southern Texas,’’ by Dr.
V. Harvard, published in the Proceedings of the U. S. National
Museum in 1885 (57). This report, based on observations and
collections made at several army posts where Dr. Harvard was
stationed during the years 1880-1885, gives a general description
of the vegetation of the region; but, unlike all previous re-
ports on Texas botany, which were purely descriptive, this re-
port deals with plant formations and discusses them in relation
to their environment. In this respect. the report really marks
the first step in Texas in the transition from a purely descrip-
tive botany to a study of plants in relation to their environ-
ment—ecology and pathology. Dr. Harvard also made a study
of the economic plants of the region, and in the latter part of
his report we have the first account of the economie importance
of numerous species having useful or harmful properties.

he publication of Coulter’s ‘‘Botany of Western Texas’’
(40), which appeared as Volume IT, of the Contributions from
the U. S. National Herbarium, 1891-1894, closed the epoch of

eS OP Oe Pe CE AS SS ee te ae ee Le

The Botany of Texas 13

descriptive botany in Texas. Henceforth, though this phase of
botanical work deserves and will continue to receive attention,
descriptive botany is of secondary importance, and the dom1-
nant interest in the Texas flora is in its relation to the environ-
ment.

Coulter’s manual of the Phanerogams and Pteridophytes of
Western Texas, as stated in the prefatory note, was compiled
for the purpose of bringing together and making easily access-
ible our seattered information concerning the flora of western
Texas. In thus bringing together this botanical knowledge Dr.
Coulter has contributed much to Texas botany. His book, ap-
pearing just at the time that botany was being added to the
curricula in our schools, has been an important factor in stimu-
lating an interest in the flora of our state and an invaluable aid
to students in botany. (*).

During the past two decades the ecological phase of botany
has received considerable attention in Texas, and a number of
publications dealing with the flora in its relation to environ-

mental factors are now available. Dr. Wm. L. Bray, first in-
eumbent of the chair of botany in the University of Texas (**),
published several important bulletins upon the ecological rela-
tions and adaptations of the vegetation of Texas, oe
the western part of the State. (12, 15, 16, 18, 19). -In
1905, ‘A Biological Survey of Texas,’’ by ee fesiey was
published by the U. S. Department of Agriculture, in which
the author has mapped out the ‘principle life zones and the
range of some of the prominent species of this section of the
country.

Occasional monographs upon some particular order or genus, -
and a number of articles and bulletins in the field of pathology,
have appeared during this latest period in the history of Texas
botany. The names of Long, Lewis, Heald, and Wolf are espe-
cially prominent in this connection. (See Nos. 59-63, 70, and
73-75 in bibliography). Prior to the publication of Long’s

*For biographical sketch of Dr. J. M. Coulter, sée Appleton’s Cyc.
of Amer. Biog.

**Botanical courses were first offered in the Univ. of Tex. in
Sept. 1897. The School of Botany was established by the Regents
of the University in 1899

14 Bulletin of the University of Texas

articles on Texas fungi, and the results of Heald’s and Wolf’s
‘Plant Disease Survey’’ (63), little had been published upon
this important group of plants. The only important references
in all previous literature being several lists of collections of
Texas fungi (38, 69).

In justice to the investigators engaged in botanical work
in this region during this period of the history of Texas botany
it should be stated that their achievements, however important,
are yet too close to us to be seen in their proper relation to
Texas botany as a whole. A glance at the bibliography is suffi-
cient to show the activity in the field of Texas botany during
these last two decades.

An Annotated List of Publications on the

a

bo

sa

ar

~]

a

Botany of Texas

Bailey, V. (1905).
Biological Survey of Texas..
N. A. Fauna No. 25, U. 8. Biol. Surv, 222 pp.
The life zones, with native species and important crops.
Bentley, H. L. (1898).
Grasses and forage plants for central Texas.
Bull. 10. Div. atte U. 8. D. A. 38 pp.
(1902

Range improvement in central Texas.

Balk 18: BoP. i US. D. A. etapp.

A discussion of range conditions, with a description of
the native grasses and orage plants recommended for
grazing and propagation in central Texa

Berlandier, L. (1850).
Espedicion scientifica a Tejas del general Teran.
Diario de viage de la Comision de Limites y R. Chovel.
pp. 292-298. Mexico.
A general description of the botanical features of south-
west Texas and northern México. .
1857).
gees botanica a Teja
1. Geograf. 5 :125-133. Mesivo.
sae J. M. (1856).
eneral description of the botanical character of the
country along a route near the 35th parallel. (The
Whipple Expedition).
b. Deseription of the forest enh 18 species).
Pac, Ry. Surv. 4:1-26. Washing
Birge, W. S. (1911).
The anatomy and some biological aspects of the ‘‘Ball
Moss,’’ Tillandsia recurvata
U. of T. Bull. 194. (Se. ser. 20). 24 pp. pl. 1-10.
Blankinship, 7 Ww. (1907).
Plantae Lindmanyarianes. Part IIT.
. Rep. Ga

rd. 18:119-223.

\n acco pant of Lindheimer’s collections; a sketch of his
life ; a list of the plants of Fascicles III & IV not previ-
ously enumerated, and of Fascicle V; an index to Plantae
Lindenheimerianae I-III: with biblography of Texas
botany.

e

Bulletin of the University of Texas

Boison, A. T. (1910).
he commercial hickories
Bull. 80, U. S. For. Serv. 64 pp. pl. 1-6.
Contains maps showing range of eight pecans and _hick-
ories.

Bray, W. L. (1899).

The flora of Texas as a field for botanical study. Univ.

Tex. Record. 1:153-171.

Refers to what has been done along botanical lines in
¢

phase of Texas botany. A discussion of the environ-
mental factors and their influence upon plants.

(1900).
Some practical phases of the study of botany.
Univ. Texas Record. 2:136-143.

(1901).
Ecological relations of the oe of western Texas.
Bot. Gaz. 32:99-123, 195-217, 262-2

The climatic and ee factors in Theis relation to the
vegetation of this r

———_——— (190 8
Destruction of timber by the Galveston Storm.
The Forester, 7-53-56

Texas forests and the ‘problem of forest management for
the long leaf pine lands.
The Forester. 71:131-138.

(1903).
The tissues of some of the plants of the sotol region. Torr.
Bull. 30:621-633.

The timber of the Edwards Plateau of Texas: its relation
to climate, water supply, and soil.

Bu. For. Bull, 49 U.S. D. A. aes pl. 1-5.

eee (1904).

Forest resources of Texas

Bu. For. Bull. 47. U. 8. D. 71 pp. pl. eh

A discussion of the forest resources of Texas, with maps
showing ; 2 natural divisions; (2) chief timber regions ;
(3) rainfall; (4) distribution of mesquite, and (5) al-
luvial sae ardwoods of Texas. Also a list of sixty

timber trees sau to Texas, giving their distribution,
habits and use

18.

bo
wo

20.

Or

26.

a>

27.

The Botany of Texas 17

dD

The vegetation of the sotol country in Texas.

U. of T. Bull. 60. (Se ser. 6). 24 pp. pl. 1-11.
Discusses characters of vegetation of this region; the
ecological factors ; sat describes many of the character-
istic types.

(1906).

Distribution and adaptation of the vegetation of Texas.
U. of T. Bull. 82. (Se. ser. 10). 108 pp. pl. 1-14

A consideration of the plant environment and its factors,
and of the plant societies of the Texas region.
—__—___——. _ (19

The vee pest in. the Southwest.

Bull. 166. B. P.L, U.S. D. A. 39 pp. 2 pls. '
A ao of investigations of the various phases of the
eos and suggestions as to methods of combating the

pag N. Ll. (1884).
A list of the Cyperaceae collected by the late Mr. S. B.
Buckley from 1878 to 1883, in the valley of the lower Rio
Grande in Texas and nothern Mexico. (46 species).
Torr, Bull, 11:85-87.

@!

890).
Contributions e apd Botany.
ia _N. Y. Acad. Sc. 9:181-183.
Additions to see a of Spe collected by Miss Mary B.
Croft at San Diego, Texas
se aia SO

Notes on some plants collected by Mr. Frank Tweedy in
Tom Greene Co., Texas, 1 49.
Trans. N. Y. Acad. Se. 9 183-185.
—___—— & usby. 887).
A list of ci sulpuad by Miss Mary B. Croft at San
ni Texa
Trans. N. Y. ‘Acad. Sc. 7:7-14.
Biot a (1845).
Deseriptions of six new North American Carices.
Boston Jour. Nat. Hist. 5:112-116.
New species of Drummond’s Texas Collection.
Buckley, S B. (1860).
Descriptions of several new of plants.
Proc. Phila. Acad. pp.
Nine species from Texas cud Tcuienn a:
(1861).

Descriptions of new po from Texas.
Proc. Phila. Acad. pp. 448-463.
Deseribes 78 species collected in 1860-1861.

30,

31,

oo
4

Bulletin of the University of Te.cas

—————. (1862).

Descriptions of new plants from Texas—No. 2.

Proc, Phila. Acad. pp. 5-10.

Description of 24 species collected in Texas.
6).

A preliminary report of the Texas Geological Survey.
Austin. p-

Chiefly geological. Pages 62-87 on trees, fruits and
grapes. sn asta pp. 1-4, description of nine new spe-
cies of Texas gra

—————— (1870).
Remarks on Dr. Gray’s notes on Buckley’s new plants
of Texas.
Proc, Phila, Acad. pp. 135-138.
(Also in No. 31, appendix, pp. 137-142).
———_———._ (1874-1876).
Geological and Agricultural Survey of Texas
First and Second An. Re ep. of State Gecko
General discussion of economic plant resources of Texas.
(1883).
me new Texas plants.
Torr, Bull, 10:90-91,
Describes five shrubs and trees.
Bush, B. F. (1903).
A list of the ferns of Texas.
Torr, Bull. 30:343-358.
A complete list of ferns known to oeceur in ——
species. Also a brief review of work on fern

————_——- (190
The Texas Tradesean tia
Trans. St. Louis Acad. So. 14:181-193.
Description of 18 species with key to the Tradeseantias,
(1905).
Two new Texas Tradescantias.
Rep. Mo. Bot. Garden. 16: :100-101.
———_—- ( atlaee
Some new oe plants.
Rep. Mo. Bot. Garden, a 7119-1295.
Description of nine spec
Carleton, M. A. (api).
bservatio ions on the native plants of Oklahoma and adja-
cent districts.
Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 1 :220-232,
Chara cteristics of fiora of Texas Panhandle north of
Canadian river,

38.

OO

39.

=)

40.

at

41.

42.

43.

47.

The Botany of Texas 19

Cooke, M. C. (1878).

List of the Fungi of Texas.

Ann. N. Y. Acad. Se. 1: 2%

re record of ‘allecton of fungi, in Texas, to date, embrac-

eg 149 spec
Coulter: J. ML. (1890).
Upon a collection of plants made by Mr. G. C. aaa 4 in
the region of the Rio Grande, in n Texas, from Brazos San-
tiago to El] Paso county. Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herd, 1:29-

61.
A list of 851 species including many of the rarer species
of the early collections in this region.

(1 8 a

Botany of Western Texai

Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. 3: 21-588.

A manual of the Phanerogams and Pteridophytes of west-
ern Texas prepared as a convenient reference book for
botanists and a handbook for students.

Coville, F. V. & D. T. MacDougal. (1903

Desert Botanical Laboratory of mee Carnegie institution.
Pub. Carneg. Inst. 6:3-4. Washing

Some characteristic features of the ya of western Texas.
Curtis, G. W. (1885).

Bull. Tex. A. & M. Coll. 3:11-13.

Plantae Wislizenianae. An addendum to ‘‘Memoir of a
tour to northern Mexico connected with Col. Doniphan’ s
Expedition in 1846 and 1847 by A. Wislizenus.’’ pp.
87-115. Washington.
1859
Cactaceae of the Boundary
U. S. Mex. Bound, Surv. 2: 1-78. pl. 1-75.
Catalog and description of 103 species.

1851).

On the character of the vegetation of southwestern Texas.
Characteristic features of the vegetation based chiefly on
Lindheimer’s notes and collections.

& A oe (1845 & 1850).

Plantae Lindheim
Boston Jour. Nat. “Hist. 6: 210-264: 6:141-240.
An enumeration of F. Lindheimer’s collection 8 Texas
plants, with remarks and descriptions of new spec
& . Bigelow.
cg a of the Cactaceae of the Whipple Expedition.
Pac. . 4:27-58. pl. 1-24.
Twenty setts species. ° Few if any from Texas.

50.

ot
to

oN
1 oy

Bulletin of the University of Texas

Gray, Asa. (1846).

Characters _ some new genera and species of Compositae
from

Proc. Amr. ae 1 :46-49.

Plantae Fendlerianae Novi-Mexicanae.
Mem. Amer. Acad. n. ser. 4:1-116.
An account of-a collection of plants made chiefly in the

ters of other undescribed or little known plants from
surrounding regions.
(1854).
Plantae Novae See Sab
Mem. Amer. 2 8.
The characters of | some new genera and species of plants
in a collection 58 aks George Pui Esq., chiefly in
New Mexico and
——_— aoe.
Plantae Wrightianae Texano-Neo-Mexicanae.
Smith, Contrib. Knowl. HI. Art 5. 146 pp. pl. 1-10:
V. Art. 6. 119 pp. pl. 1-4.
An account of a collection of plants made by Chas.
Wright, A. M., in an expedition from Texas to New Mex-
ico in the summer and autumn of 1849, and again in
1851-1852.

ese lists extend through the Compositae only, and
contain about 1070 specie

-

——_—————._ (185

Brief characters of some new genera and species of Note
ginaceae, principally collected in Texas and New
ico, by Chas. Wricht.

Amer. Jour. Sc. II. 15:259-263.

Se ery

Plantae Texanae: A list of plants collected in eastern
Texas in 1872 and distributed to subscribers by Elihu
Hall. 29 pp. Salem, Mass. A catalog of 861 species.

Mex-

(1856).
Wild Se ao! in New Mexico and western Texas.
Amer, Jour. Sc. IT, 22 :284-285.
—————. (1861-1862).
Notes and remarks upon the ‘Descriptions of new plants

from Texas. By S. B. bg stole . i pabliaed in the Proce.
of the Phila. Acad. of Nat. Scien

Proc. Phila. Acad. 1862. pp. 161- 168; 332-337.

on
ee

The Botany of Texas 21

Hartman, Carl. (1910-1912).
A list of trees = shrubs occurring in the vicinity of

retheat se LP “(1885).

Report on the flora of southern and western Teitas: Proc.
at. Mus. 8 :449-533.

iseetion of the vegetation of southern and western

Texas with notes on economie importance of plants having

useful and harmful properties.

The Mezquit. Amer. Nat. 18 :451-459.
A distoesibn of the Mesquite in all its phases including

Heald, F. D. & I. M. Lewis. (1912).

A blight of the Mesquite.

Trans. Amer. Micros. Soc. 31 —

Heald, F. D. & F. A. Wolf.

The whitening of the Mountain aoe Sabina sabinoides
H. B. K.) Small.

Mycologia, 2:205-212.

New species of Texas fungi.
Mycologia. 3:5-22.

A Y desertion of 41 new species of parasiti e fungi 4dis-
covered while authors were engaged in survey recorded
under No. 6

— (1908-1909).

List of parasitic bacteria and fungi occurring in Texas.
Trans. Tex. Acad. Sc. 11: 0-44.

‘A list of 400 species giving the host plant and locality.
Also a brief summary of work on Texas fungi, with bib-
liography.

———_—__———_— pig ge
A pent disease survey in the vicinity of San Antonio,

Tex

Bull. 1 226, B. P.I. U.S.D.A. 179 pp. pl. 1-19.

A list of 293 species of fungi, preceded by notes on the
soils, climatology and crops of the area traversed.

Heller, A. A. (1895).

Botanical explorations in southern Texas during the sea-
son of 1894.

Contrib. Herb. Franklin and Marshall College, Lancas-
ter, Pa. 116 pp. 9 pls. «

a
=

>
=]

a
ae

Bulletin of the University of Texas

Hill, R. T. & T. W. Vaughan. (1898).

Geology of the Edwards Plateau and Rio Grande Plain

adjacent to Austin and San Antonio, Texas, with refer-
8

Rep. , pp. 2

A brief discussion of the flora of the Edwards Plateau
with hae es to adaptation and distribution.

Hogan, G. H. (1911).

Sone especially valuable grasses in Texas.

Bull. 20, Tex. Dep. Agr. 41 pp.

Holzinger, J. M. 1893).

mee as * four new eres oe Texas and Colorado.

8, Herb. 1:286-2
Bae W. Je 1835).
Notice concerning Mr. Drummond’s collections made
chiefly in the southern and western parts of the United
nee

. Exp. Sta. p is

A list of kot. five pmo collected mainly in the vicin-
ity of College be , Texas

Lewis, I. M. O12).

A baet terial canker of plum tw

Trans. Amer. Micros, Soc. 31: 145-149.

A Black Knot digsane of Dianthera Americana L.
Mycologia, 4:66-71. pl. 58-61.

Lindheimer, F. J. (1879).

Autsaetze und Abhandlungen yon peremenn Lindheimer
in Texas. 176 pp. Frankfort rt, Ger

Die Cypresse im westlichen Texas. “pp. 1-15.

Eine Uebersicht der Flora von Texas. pp. 28-49.

Die kuerbisartigen Gewaechse i in Texas. pp. 49-56.

Long, W. H. (1902 Li

Texas Fungi. I. Some new species of Puceinia,

Torr. Bull. 29:110-116.

Desceipticns of seven new species with notes on life his-

RRauMaRA pe

The Phalloideae of Texas.

Jour. of Myc.. 13 :102-114.

Descriptions of five species, with notes on habitat, effect
of temperature on “hatching”? of eggs and growth, a nd
the dissemination of spores by insects

7

7

81.

junk

82.

bo

84.

8

#2

as,

oe

The Botany of Texas : 23

(1903).

The Ravenelias of the U. S. and Mexico.

Bot. Gaz.. 35:111-133

Description of 25 species (seven from Texas), with key
to genera and species.

Lloyd, F. E. (1908

Some features of the anatomy of Guayule.

Plant World. 11:172-179.

(1908).
geht of vegetative reproduction in Guayule and Ma-

iola,
Plant World.. me :201-208.

Guayule. A Nbae plant: of the Chihuahuan Desert.
Pub. 139. Carnegie Inst. VII, 213 pp. plates 1-46.

An exhaustive scientific discussion of the Guayule in all
its phases.

1912).

i Guayule—A desert rubber plant.
_ Sc. Mo, 81:313-330.

oe BR. (3909).

The trees and shrubs of San Antonio and vicinity. San

Antonio, Tex. 51 pp.

A handbook of the woody plants growing naturally in

and about San Antonio. 100 species are described.

Mohr, Chas. (1896).

Timber pines of the southern United States.

Forestry Bull. 13, U. 8. D. A. pp. 45-46.

83).

Forests and forest trees of ‘Texas.
Amer. Jour. Fores oe 1 :433-451.

90

Bull, 56. Tex. Exp. Sta. pp. 217-286.

Also contains a list of the wild grapes of the United

States, giving ae distribution
1908).

Foundations of American isa Culture.

Denison, Tex. 252 pp. 86 p

Botany of American grapes. pp. 13-114.

Ness, H. (1908).

Notes on forest and ornamental trees on the grounds of
A. & M. College of Texas.

au. 105. Tex. Exp. Sta. 14 p

Results of trials with about 66 oak kinds of trees in

the arboretum and on the college campus

(os)
oO

t
ad

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a

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Ww

Bulletin of the University of Texas

Norton, J. B.S. (1902).

Notes on some plants of He southy estern United States.

Trans. St. Lowis Acad, Sc. -41.

Deseribes six new species Cee Texas. A map showing

extent of botanical eee in the United States.
mmel, L. H. (189

Notes on the flora of "Tees

Ames, Iowa. 15 pp

Parry, C. C. (1859).

Introduction (to botany . the Mexican Boundary).

U. 8.-Mex. Bound. Surv. 2:9-26. Washington.

Deals with the botanical features of the region and its

agricultural capacities

Phippen, G. D. (187 8).

eee of the flora of Texas, with collections of Les-

r F. Ward.
ad Essex. Inst. 10:86-93. Salem, Mass.
Pittuek, Be. (1898).
— s and Forage Plants
Bull. 46. Tex. Exp. Sta. pp. 1009-1030.
An account of experiments with 43 grasses.
Roemer, Ferd. (1849).
Texas. With especial reference to German emigration
and the Physical ‘Conditio m of the country, from personal
Ssecacine made by ct pte
onn. pp. xiv,
Appendix on ‘natural history and a topographical and
geolozical map of Texas. List of plants nase ati in
Texas, and numerous comments on the flora of Texa
Ross, H.
Der _Anatomische Bau der mexicanischen Kautschuk-

1 tS *’ Parthenium argentatum Gray.
Ber. d. D. Bot. Gesellsch. 26 :248-263.
Sargent, C. S. 88).
Report on the forests of North America (exclusive of
Mexico).
Tenth Census Rep. 9 :540-543.
os A. (1849
A description of plants brought from Texas by Ferd.
Roemer.
Roemer’s ‘‘Texas.’’ pp. 425-449.
A list of 301 species, with a brief epueice of the di-
versified character of the Texas flora

100.

101.

The Botany of Texas me 25

———___———- Cape juk
Beitraege zur Flor von Texas.
Linnaea. on 1453-472, "74T- 768.
:145-168, 339-352.
of "139-146
25 :254-265. Halle.

1849).
Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Labiaten.
Linnaea. 22 :584-596.

(1852).
Beitraege zur Kenntniss der Euphorbiaceen.
Linnaea. 25 :580-588.

Smith, J. G. (1899).

Grazing problems in the southwest and how to meet them.
Bull. 16. Agros. Div. U. . A. 47 pp.

Principle grasses and forage plants in the various grazing
regions of the southwest.

836).
Description of some new Cistaceae, chiefly found by Mr.
rummond, in the southernmost regions of North Amer-

lea.

Hooker’s Comp. to Bot. Mag. 2::282-293.

Sullivant, W. S. (1856).

Mosses and Liverworts (of the Whipple Expedition).
Pac. Ry. Surv. 4:185-193. _ pl. 1-

Seven species ay Liverworts and about sixty Mosses.
Torrey, John. 853).

Plants collected during Capt. Marey’s Exploration of the
Red River of Louisiana in 1852.

Sen. Doc. 54. 2nd sess. 32nd Cong. pp. 279-3

A collection of 201 species made by Dr. Geo. = ‘Shumard.
Many from the headwaters of the Trinity River.

ee (1894).
Report on the botany of the Sitgreaves Expedition in
‘‘Report of an Expedition down the Zuni and Colorado
Rivers by Capt. Sitgreaves.’

Washington. pp. 153-178.

Many references to ‘i from Texas.

(1856).
cobosee 3 of Ore Whipple Expedition.
ac. Ry. . 4:61-182. pl. 1-25.
aA ‘ives hundred species. Some reported from
north Texas.

105,

106.

for)

108.

(o's)

109.

a)

110,

111.

bo

112.

Bulletin of the University of Texas

——_——— (1859).
Botany of the Boundary cenciusive of Cactaceae).
U. 8.-Mex. Bound. Surv. 2:27-27 -61.
A catalog of about 2080 species ‘of this collection, with
index
Torrey, John, & Asa Gray. (1854).
Report on the botany of the Pope Expedition (32nd par-
allel).
Pac. Ry. Surv. 2:157-178.
A catalog of 319 species collected | in western Texas and
New Mexiec.
Townsend, C. H. T. (1895).
On — _ biogeography of Mexico, Texas, New Mexico, and
Arizo
Tana ‘Tex. Acad. Sc. 1:71-96.

97

On the biogeography of Mexico and - southwestern

United States.
Trans, Tex. Acad. Sc.
Also gives a list of i sis collected at Brownsville,
Tex., with date of bloom
Tracy, S. M. (1898

report se the forage plants and forage resources of the
ons State

‘eBull 100.3. D. A:

A pli: of the pasture conditions, followed by a list
and description of about 100 of the grasses = re
plants of economic importance in the Gulf Sta
Cndermvee L. M. 894).

as).
Contrib. U. 8S. Nat. Herb. 2:557-568.
Deseription of 53 species, and artificial key to the orders.
V; 1887).

A report on certain forage plants for cultivation in the
South and Southwest.
Washington. 63 pp. 16 pl.

1888).

Report on an investigation of the grasses of the arid dis.
tricts of Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Utah in 1887.
Washington. 61 pp. 29 pls.
Ward, L. fe (1877).

Plan

gton eo
A list of hints silent Sata in Texas while on an
excursion of the members o e A. . S., after the
a of the Nashville ponte, in 1877. 226 Texas:
ecies.

113.

114.

The Botany of Texas 27

Watson, Sereno. (1882-1883).
List of plants from southern Texas and northern Mexico,
eollected chiefly by Dr. E. Falmer in 1879- 1880.
eee Amer. Acad. 17 :316-361;. 18 :96-191.

Wilcox, T. E. & A. Wood. (18 yee
Catalog of plants collected in northwest Texas near the
een at ea River, by First Lieut. E. H. Ruffner,

1 Aiea
Rep. Chih of ae: U.S. A. pp. 1422-1426.
Williams, (1859).

Report on ‘Native erapes of Arkansas and Texas.

U.S. Pat Off. Reports. pp. 30-41.

General account of native grapes found.

Wislizenus, A. (1848).

Memoir of a tour to northern Mexico, connected with Col.
wee s re in 1846-1847.

Washingt

; (1906).
Southwestern Localities visited by Chas. Wright.
Torr. Bull. 33 :561-566.
List of Texas localities and etes of collections.
York, H. H.
The anatomy and some of the biological aspects of the
‘* American Mistlet
U. of T. Bull. 120 (Se ser.13). 31 pp. 13 pls.
Young, M. J. (1873).
Familiar lessons in ike with fiora of Texas, adapted
to eee use in Southern States. New York. 646 pp.
Zon, 91
The jak? resources of the world.
For. Serv. Bull. 83. p. 68.
Data on forest area of Texas.

1905).

Loblolly pine | in eastern oe with special reference to
the produe cross
For. Serv. Bull "64, ” oo 6 pls.