SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENT OF THE SPECIES OF THE GENUS CUSCUTA WITH CRITICAL REMARKS ON OLD SPECIES AND DESCRIPTIONS OF NEW ONES, GEORGE ENGELMANN, M.D. Extract from the Transactions of the Academy of Science of St. Louis, Vol. I, No. 3, page 453. ST. LOUIS: GEORGE KNAPP & CO., PRINTERS. 1859. 3 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [453] Systematic Arrangement of the Species of the Genus Cuscuta, with age tong) al Remarks on old species and Des- criptions of new on By Grorecze Encetmann, M.D. he pecan ae which furnish good grounds for a subdivis- ion of the genus, are found in the shape of the styles and stig- mata and in the fruit. These same characters, it must be ad- mitted, have been used in separating the old Convolvuli into ° dj numerous genera and even tribes; so that eae would jus- era, in his Mono h snd in De Candolle’s Prodromus, admits the propriety of a Cuscuta sco Spitting onvolvulus into numerous genera may be excused, or per be pleaded in regard to such a ——o chairs recognized, an not too numerous genus, as Cuscu The subdivisions proposed are nd, as has been stated,on eule.*** the shape of the styles and stigmata, and on the ¢ The styles, typically always Senki usually are distinct ; or they are united in their whole length, or nearly so ey are of equal thickness throughout, or are thicker at base (sub- ulate from a thick base; ; or we find them capitate (or, as they are often iba ough avoagiy: called, globose), hemispherical, or somewhat flattened on the u pper, and flattened or a im- In a single species, the stigmatic surface of the dilated top of the: style is lobed, and in the centre somewhat depressed. [454] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCK. 4 Between both weeflen of the ripe and d sule an open- obcordate or bilobed part of the dissepiment rT attached to = base of the capsule in the bottom of the most instances the stylar portions of th: pee as I will call this part, remain united at base, separating the fun- nel-shaped intrastylar — from the interior cavity of the capsule, and therefore can no t give Ebel s to the seeds, as has merece - case with n & and = Sones with the cells of the capes but the oferta is far too small to let the seeds out; nor would this be rt as in all of them the capsule is ‘circumscissile. In some few species I find each seylar portion of the yea divided into two halves; in C. pedicellata these halves a are widely distant from one top of the capsule, but, of course, without any opening. es Moulins was the first, in his “ Etudes”, to draw atten- an 7 5 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. es ; in the merican Cue scute I have often found them interme- cha It is scarcely necessary to add that only ri seeds ou be examin unripe ones, especially when r hard, have led to the strangest mistakes; winged margined seeds, described by authors, are such unripe seeds. shag Spe seeds are smoother and larger, when soaked, than ripe 0 The cakes has been supposed to offer good characters; but I have reason to believe that those embryos with one or lacece proper, where only one es ‘ ilsoni a ls gamosepa- The specific characters of Cuscute are found in the thick- ness of the stem, but principally in the P yubanecuid and in the ere organs of the flower and inflorescence ae lage with the hears or absence of hifncke within it offers good characters, less so the presence or proportion of pedicels. The shape and proportion of calyx and corolla and of their parts (tube and lobes) furnish important but not unchangeable characters. Their texture must also be ee and often gives an important clue to the ee of specie It is unnecessary to re what has ery said by former monographers about these coco but it may not be useless to indicate a few facts not so clearly stated by them. he tube of the a generally more or less campanulate or ae is angular in some species, the angles corre- sponding to © commissure, or to the midrib of the sepals. Its lobes are col or less deeply divided and are often auri- cled at — rei overlapping these characters, however, are not very con able, as they not rarely depend on the rich Remerverse ve consequent vigo growth of the parast ite. species, and either fleshy or membranaceous, (often very thin, uy? [456] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 6 shining, or semi-transparent, when dry,) with a small or large retictilated cellular tissue; or it exhibits, especially along the species. In other species, the tissue shows roundish or elon- gated ‘pellucid dots or cells, Ra as they ae esbervg at! called,) ‘very distinct‘in dried and then soaked spec “The + ube of the corolla is wri drts a # cliaadtaed or rath- ‘er hem aes oal or quite shallow, but never urceolate or ven- tricosé puring t he flowering period; the swelling of the im- re egnate vary, however, often gives it that shape. The ACnE Se mile the corolla are of different. tetova and recon, . ec i he calyx, is occasionally covered with small papilla, ving it a mealy appearance, qhioh probably represent hair. his character, apparently so striking, is, however, of no more know only the papillose form he calyx is always persistent the corolla is deciduous only in ‘the Indian C. reflexa ; all the other species it re- mains adhering to the capsule, aichan to its base, or, hood-like, to its top, or it completely envelops it, but it is not properly persistent ; it is daten dad from the swelling of the capsule, but does not seem to grow. The position of the dead corolla is ustially constant. The stame e mostly inserted in the very throat of the corolla, mtexaecae with the laciniw, but often exteriorly coy- ered by i Cal nogynella. ) 1 and the filaments vy mag The filaments in the other Cus- different lengths, but ah much shorter than the lacinie; they are rarely absent. e anthers are orbicular, ovate, ob- long or linear, cordate or sagittate, blunt, emarginate or apic- re ae | SOR SRR REN ON ee aa hi ul nae fas the — lacinicee for the divisions of the corolla, and /Jobes 47) T ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [457] ulate, large or small; but their ee or “er donot afford onc a and consta nt characters in this spatniate or truncate, more or less crenate or : Hinbriats scale. owards the base the scales are always “adnate in the mid- eir bases usually connect with one another, forming apres ye arches scales are wanting: C. grandi- flora and te. pe sre Mee South America, hy alina of Asia, C. Californica, and C. Sandwichiana. in “0 Cali- Jornica the inverted arch alone is aha entire or fringed ; in the par I find no trace of scales at all These scales are evidently lateral eiibeieeinad of the lower (attached) part of the filamange, perha aps of the character of a eee as Prof. A. Braun suggests; or they are a sort of sta- ineal crown, attached as base to te corolla, but not a du- plication of the riety wi tion of species, fast 48 as they ish the most important char- acters for the distinction of the sections. The walls of the 0 ance, as the same species sometimes occurs with short or with long styles, yer as the styles, included at first, often become ' [458] TRANS. OF THB ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 8 exsert with age. The direction of the styles, in the flower and on the fruit, rye a tolerably good character. been mentioned as a eae reliable specific character. The shape and even the texture of the c ae also ought to be noted, though in several species (C. Huropea, for example) its form is quite variable. e number of seeds which ripen in each capsule furnishes no distinction, though the species with very crowded flowers, and some others with loose flowers also, often develop only one or few seeds. The shape and surface of the seed ought to be studied more, and will, yet, it is believed, help to distin- guish some spec As almost all the characters enumerated sili are subject e the diagnos of a species on a combination of a number o of carbine: but as the value of these characters is necessarily differ rently esti- mate re different botanists, some will consider as well mark- hers wi uw e certain plants, or families of plants, for their sustenance; an Ihave myself at times, thought I discovered an influence of the mother plant (or, better, nursing plant; nurse) on the form and developme he i manure would go with any other plant. If some species seem very constantly to prefer certain —- to others, (C. Huro- pea, Urtica dioica ; ithymum, Calluna vulgaris, or Ge- nista sagittalis ; é. ehlorocarpa, Po a 3 C. Gronovii, Cephalanthus ; = et iformis, Salix and, the most marked e, C. the kind of soil, see: humidity or apaien the shade or sun and all the circumstances which suit the nurse, also e best = the parasite. On the Moog: succulent harhaceons dico- and a few others affect rt shrubs and trees, of course, penetrating only the tender bark of the smaller limbs. ce are found, also, on acrid or sarser iam plants. I have seen them on Jtanunculacee, on Euphorbia, on Cicuta and other Umbellifere, on Rhus Toxicoden odin and others ; I have seen them, also, though “mig! and rae very thrifty, on Monocotyledonee, such as Liliacew, Graminec and others, and even on the siliceous i of Equis peo The fact is, that, when once attached to a nursing stem, they throw out their branches and coil around any plant in the neighborh and strike their suckers into the tissue, and grow on any thing 9 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [459] that can furnish them nourishment, even on their own branch- owers. i at is even the case with the most exclu- . Europea, on vetches, C. Vicia ; ; G. Gronovii in shaded oes soil, on Saururus, C.Saururi ; the overgrown form of Africana is is C. Capensis, etc. The haustoria (suckers) of Cuscuta deeply penetrate into the tissue of the nurse, and they, with parts of the stem im- bedded in this tissue, are able to aeolian the plant after all external vestiges of the stem have been rubbed off. ‘This the ty of C. Epithymum which has become a -_ to some green- houses in Europe; I have observed the e fact in different species which I have had under oulelpations especially in inflexa. The species of Cuscuta naturally arrange themselves in — large groups, distinguished by their styles and stig- vs “Those with two equal styles and elongated stigmata. They are natives of the old pel 2 ccaleinete and have rare- ly and only temporarily been introduced with cultivated plants t into America. eget with flax into some of our “ ha angele —— oe vetches in Hayti.) They Cuscuta d Epili cuta, Des 2. Those wih hiss unequal styles, and abbreviated, usually capitate, stigmata. They abound in Ameri ca and Oceanica, and 8 ven Buchinger Ann. Se. Nat. IX. 88 alm-Dyc’ ck; Phickinge F. Schultz in Jahrb. Pharm. it, Cassutha, DesM. ft. 40; Grammica, DesM. Bull. Soc. Bot. "France, I. 295. [460] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 10 3. Those with styles united entirely or partly, and with capitate, ovate or conic stigmata. The species of this group, modifications in the form of the stigma ae the dehis- cence of the capsule furnish the basis for a further subdivision of the three principal groups. I will here only say, that _in in Grammica oH is often 80, but more commo ns closed ; in MM nella it is constantly circumscissi he dead Sordin covers the whole or the top of ap- sule always, with a single exception we in th up. The following sections are preipanedi A. Cuscuta Group. 1. Evcuscura. . Bivias nearly as long or longer and us thick or thicker than the filiform stigmata ; capsule regularly circumscissile. 2s er _Subulat mi bese nearly ee capsule opening trans- without a regular jo tion. 3. S seiaies. Subula te styles longer than the short subulate stigma- ta; capsule baccate. 4. PacHYsTIGMA. “Cylindric or oblong stigmata thicker than the filiform styles ; capsule bursting transversely. B. Grammica Group. 5. Everammica. Stigmata capitate ; capsule more or less irregularly cir- cumscissile. 6. CristoGRamMica. Stigmata capitate; capsule baccate ye Lopoeriaus: Top of clavate styles lobed at the upper stigmatose sur- C. Monogya Group. MonocYnevia. Stigmata capitate or ovate, united, or distin: ?. pegs ee Stigmata conic, or almost subulate : “adele Tange and uous. See. 1. Hueuscuta. Styles filiform, terminating in filiform stigmata of the same length or shorter, rarely longer, and of the same thickness as the styles, or thinner rill 2 da end. Capsule regularly cir- cumscissile “3 a joint, the rab of cS haat being thickened. Usually all four seeds ripen; they are triangular, with an ob- bags & truncate base, the hilum forming a narrow perpendicu- aS al ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [461] The flowers are mostly sessile and rae, clustered, form- ing globose heads in the axils of sin bracts without bracts in the inflorescence. The central domate open ; the exterior ones are occasionally in C. Epithymum has sometimes short pedicels, and C. lonica is always pedicelled. The corolla always remains on ton or around the capsule, never at its base. Epistamineal scales are always pre- sent, though sometimes very thin and small, and easily over- oked. The species of this group inhabit Europe, western and cen- tral Asia, and northern Africa to the Canary Islands. § 1. Styles longer than ovary. _ Basytonica,: Aucher! mss.; Choisy! Cuse. 174, rod.[X. 45 du n cence to en other Asiatic species, comprised in the section Epistigna—Bagdad, ‘Aucher Eloy’ 1420 mie 31835; on the Ti igris, 08! in Kurdistan, Kotschy ! ELEGANS, C. elegans, Boiss. & Hana ! Diag. or, II. 3, 129, from the alpine regions of the Taurus, Balansa! 708 ; scarcely distinet from C. ylonica except by the papillose prettily rose-colored flowers, and by the scales being a little more dentate and somewhat incurved 2. . Ertraymum, Murray in Lin. syst. ed. 13... C. Luro- a, 8 Lin. sp. 180. _C. minor, Bauh, pin, 219. DC. FI. fr. II. 644. DC. Prod. IX. 453. C. filiformis, 8, Lam. Fl. fr. . 307.—To this well known and common European species I am go- a nietnber of other fords whid I must consider distinct, espe- cially such as I class with C. planifiora; . have even mixed up with it the very distinct C. Hur It is certainly difficult to make precise the lite of C. Epi- thymum and C. planifiora, and some forms which I class un a var. Kotschy of the former, and others which fall under imata of the latter, apparently are more closely al- lied than the extremes of either species among themselves ; while the common C. Epithymum, especially the form known as C. T'rifolti, is as distinct as can be from Tenore’s original = plan iflora. I arrange = —— forms in the following a. VULGARIS, the common sees ~! — Europe ex- tending west to Great Brit tain, north t avia, sout rthern Spain (Bourgeau! 654), cod $4 Italy (C. acutifiora, loa U/& [462] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 12 Rota! and also Naples, to the Crimea, and reaching east- wardly far into store (Caucasus, Hohenacker! 409 and 1939, i nt” Herb. Tournefort !) ‘It varies LE ® 55 2s 6 me e the proportion of the sigma and ‘ene nd no perma- nent character in them; the style proper is E isoee or shorter than the stigmatic portion ; and this part is cylindrical or subulate in specimens not otherwise distinguishable ; the stig- ma is usually pale polis, Babi or, when dry, dark red, rarely d Sweden, is a luxuri nt form, overgrown at the ‘expense of the succulent herb, which it destroys. Var. 8. MACRANTHERA; C. macranthera, Heldr. & Sart.! in sched.; Boiss.! diag. or, II. 3, ch C. Calliopes, Heldr. & Sart.! Boiss.! ibid, 128.—Large flowers on very short pedicels ; be large, often sinless hh n the filam pai ; candies usually shorter n appearance in green-houses on rica and other evergreen shrubs; this garden form is C. xanthonema of the Paris Jar- din des Plantes. ar. y. ? OBTU pack this very curious form was collected by Funk! (Herb. Cosson and Hb. Reichenbach) in the Sierra Nevada of Spain on conse shrubby Genista ; the glomerules consist of 3-5 flowers, only, on pedicels longer than the calyx; lobes of calyx and corolla broadly oval, obtuse, shorter than the tube of the corolla; scales large ; ‘styles as in the com- mon form. I would, at once, have acknowledged this. pecu- liar plant as a distinct species, if a second x ari had not ar K a small head; scales narrow; styles ordinary, seeds very small (0.3 lines diam.) The shi rmer may be pi Atce Se as var. — a, the latter as v a. Var. 6. ? SAGITTANTHERA*; allied to var. angustiloba, distin- * Philologists will blame this “ vox — but daily experience teaches us and philological research confirms, that words are not formed 13 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [463] guished by the loose glomerules; pedicels aslong as calyx; lobes of calyx obtusish, scarcely as long as tube of corolla; son and Herb. nes = rent.—the only African form of the r. & ANGUSTATA 3 ai dis istinguish by this name an Italian which assumes diffrent shee gy. described under different form, names, It has and elongated lobes of the corolla and usually also of th the : halla whic is sleek longer than the tube of the corolla; the flowers are numerous and ses- sile, or ordinarily more or less pedicelled. Three varieties may i with a ge smaller Rowers, membrana- ceous sala This is the true C. alba, Presl! Del. Prag. 87, also of Tenore and ace ae Ttalian botanists, while most authors apply this name to the original C. planiflora, Ten. ied b thor, is very erroneous; but his own specimens, on Zizyphus ee in his collection at Prague, and in the imperial Her. arium at Vienna, leave no doubt about the identity of the plant. C. subulata, Tineo! in Gussone FI. Sic. II. 888, is ex- han in any other form j gin nap on C. arvensis, Beyrich! in Hb.; C. globularis, Nutt.! in Hb.—Cal i and shining ; lobes orbicular, as long or longer than the shallow tube of the corolla, forming, where they join, 5 projecting angles.—Dry barren soil or old fields on different Camacatae * The article on American Cuscute, which originally appeared in Silli- man’s Journal, was reprinted in Hooker’s London Joartal ot Botany, IL 184 t. 8, 1848, and in Schultz’s Archives de Flore, 1855, p. 65. 506 45 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. ra0sy or other plants, sometimes also on shrubs; from Virginia, Rugel! Sullivant & Gray! to the Carolinas, Schweinitz! Bose! Beyrich! Curtis! Taveml and to Florida, Rugel! nro. 400, a. & b. The western form, with shorter lobes of the less distinctly pec Poet i Se — oo ate by me as var. mi- firm. + Var. 6. verrucosa; C. verrucosa, Engelm.! 1. c. p. 341, t. 6, f. 25; DC. Prod. IX. 461. —Calyx shorter than the cam- me often on Petalostemon, but also on other prairie plants : xas, Drummond! III. 247; Lindheimer! 127; N Mexico, Berlandier! 2457, to San Luis Potosi, the same! and Parras, Gregg !_Lindheimer’s nro. 473 is an interme- diate form between this and var. penta, gond, mixed with a few specimens of the following. AC Var. y. PUBESCENS: pedicels and all parts of the flower or only — and the capsu ng papillose-pubescent.— ° as a =) —-* and — e of — cens. caLycina: inflo si eS often more ete: art, (C. en dist under this ee differ somewhat from this variety by stouter and, in fruit, subulate styles; Gardner’s specimens have also a smaller caly 1 and cymes ; styles —_—, pr gene. as ha or longer than ovary ; withered corolla remaining a f cap- sule or enveloping it. 42. C. TRICHOSTYLA, n. sp.: caule angen bracteis ova- tis obtusis ; floribus breviter pedicellatis n cymulas ramosas subglobosas congestis ; calycis eupulati ie ad basin divisi F10 [496] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 46 lobis ovatis orbiculatisve obtusis basi imbricatis tubum co- 854, both in Hb. Hooker.—None of the species examined being in fruit, the true position of this species must remain doubtful. The large imbricate calyx, the slender styles, and petro Ae the branching aoe eg cai: fem it from C. 2 lines long, “white, with a strong odor hawthorn,” ruce 5 ert lobes of the calyx in the Panama specimen towards the verrucose-cristate ; in the other smooth, thin and shining ; seals in the former longer than the tube, in the other hcp a a etic “spe: aule filiformi; floribus brevi- ter pedicellatia umbellato-glomeratis; cealycis lobis ovatis seu orbiculatis obtusissimis nitidis tubum corolle equantibus ; laciniis triangulatis acutis erectis seu demum patentibus tubo sae oe < paalnerseeete pi rvisve ; seminibus song ovatis tumidis tenuissime su i Sandwicensi, James Talend of the Gallopagos i in immense abun- dance on Mimosa bushes, Chs. Darw n Hb. Hooker.— Flowers about 1 line long, of a very thin t diietgued capsule 11— 14 lines in diameter, with a very small intrastylar aperture ; seeds in the only specimen extant light yellowish brown, 0.6 line long, plump, nearly smooth, with a short, oblong-linear, usually perpendicular, hilum.—Much closer to C. arvensis than to C. Sandwichiana ; distinguished from both by the short, broad and very acute lobes of very slender, = last nearly horizontal, . les; from the —_ ‘ Sani widel H1ANA, Choisy! Cond 184, a ~ ai Prod. IX. 458.—Sandwich ae ys eh Rat only spe- cies growing there ; mostly on shru enzies! Eschscholtz! nig eta Matthews! Stewart! ut Norns mane ! ! 424.—Inflorescence a compound loosely flowered eyme ; : ewan pedicelled, 1-14 lines long, “pallide oeleranert Maxim., of thin, membranaceous texture ; only in Menzies’ specimen SW 47 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [497] in Hb. Banks I find all the parts of the flower dotted with 45..C.£ rollz rudimentis ad basin persistentibus indusiata apice libera stylis e basi lata subulatis paulo divergentibus coronata; seminibus 2—4 lenticularibus rugoso-reticulatis. : Chatham Island of the Gallopagos group; mostly on Ze- guminose, common on a low annual Crotalaria, but also on trees, such as Parkinsonia and Mimose, hanging down in before me; (perhaps not perfectly ripe) and strongly reticu- late; hilum short, oblong-linear, perpendicular or oblique.— The specimens examined by me were all on a low Crotalaria. * Flowers arranged in branching paniculate cymes ; styles slender, as long or longer than ovary ; withered corolla surrounding the capsule or covering its top. \ 46. C. renurrLora, Engelm.! in Gray, Man. ed. 1, p. 350; JF2 [498] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 48 ed. 2. p. 336; C. Cephalanthi, Engelm.! in Sill. Jour., XLII. 336, t. 6, f. 1-6.— Wet places, often on Cephalanthus, Salix, ornus and other shrubs, but also on Vernoni er, est fer from those of the Missouri and Mississippi valleys only by having larger flowers (1.2-1.4 lines long), larger, more de- pressed, mostly 4-seeded capsules (14-2 lines in diameter) and larger (0.8 line sang) flatter seeds, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 458, wrongly gives this very dis- tinct species as a synonym of C. compacta, with which it has scarcely any thing in common but the hooded capsule ; from small flowered forms of C. Gronovii it differs by the po- sition of the dead corolla and by the structure of the ovary e C. Cattrorntca, Choisy! Cuse. 183; DC. Prod. IX,, 457 ; Hook & Arn.! Bot. Beechy, 364.—Both authors de. with a smooth or crenulate margin connecting the adnate parts of the filaments near the base of the corol- la; in a doubtful variety the scales are fully developed ; styles $13 49 _ ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA.. [499] capillary ; ovary small, usually globose; capsule enveloped by the corolla; seeds often solitary, subglobose e, slightly com- pressed, eee hooked, 0.5-0.6 line lon The different specimens examined var ry considerably i in the shape and ‘Tength of the calyx, the proportion of the laciniz to the tube, the length of the filaments, the indication of scales, the length of the styles and even the shape of the ov . BREVIFLORA: flowers scarcely more anit 1 lne long, on short pedicels; lacinie rather longer 3; an- thers, filaments and styles short; seeds several te a in fields, H : Var. 8. GRACILIFLORA: flowers slender, ri at lines long ; calyx often mae tagt tube of corolla; laciniz as long as the tube, very na ; filaments often short, or as long or longer thea the ea anthers, styles as long or much lowers shan ovary.—California, Douglas! Fremont! 506; Bi eg LONGILOBA : Flowers 2-2} lines long; calyx usually cael to the tube, rarely shorter, sometimes longer; laciniz slender, sometimes twice the length of the tube; subulate filaments as long or longer than the oblong-linear anthers ; styles very long “and slender. -——California, principally, as it ap- pears, on the coast of the southern a: of the State and commonly on some species of Hriogonum: Sta. Barbara, a San Diego, Thurber! 570 & 633; New ! x Vv . 6. APICULATA: corolla somew what granulate, ovary and anode capsule conic, apiculate; otherwise very simi- lar to the last—On the Colorado, Bigelow! ! in Febru SC Var. ¢. ? sQUAMIGERA: flowers 2-25 lines long, on pedi- cels shorter than the flower, or even the calyx, in rather crowd- ed subglobose clusters; lobes of calyx lanceolate, acumi- nate, as ‘long ¢ as the open, funnel-shaped tube of the corolla ; lacinie lanceolate, as long as the tube, at last spreading ; an- thers oblong-linear, cordate at base, on very short filaments ; scales spatulate, fringed: each than the tube, incurved ; styles as long as the varium ; capsule apiculate, 1-seeded, lower half cai be the tube of the co The more densely clustered flowers, the presence of Sais and the acute ovarium would seem to specifically distinguish this form, but the last mentioned variety appears to unite it with the common form ; perhaps it et to be classed with the next species.—Saline soil on 9 o Virgen, Utah, on Suceda, J. Gems! in Hb. Mus. Pari § 2. Oxycarpee. Flowers subsessile, or pedicelled; sepals united ; 5 yee and capsule thickened iio s the apex, usually more or less coni St [500] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 50 * Flowers subsessile, crowded in rather dense, small or large and co eat glomerules ; withered corolla enveloping or covering if 1-2- cha x 48. C. suprnctusa, Durand & Hilgard! in Jour. Ac. Phil. IIL. p. 42, and in Pacif. R.R. Rep. V. 3, p. 11.—This fine and large flowered species resembles different. forms of C. corym- bosa and C. odontolepis so much, that I felt gee aed in- olined to unite all of them as varieties of one and the same ce or lacinie ovate, acute, more or less crenulate, shorter than this subsessile scarcely reaching above the middle of the schin aula oblong, deeply fringed ; styles slender, much longer than the 2-pointed came at first scarcely exsert; capsule oval, 1-2- 2) i) §-. Sp ® art is") +n ° =] iigfe ‘@ 2 i] =] a & o a) y of San Francisco, on oe Wright !—It is remarkable, but in this genus not ual, that specimens from the high mountains are abso- pre identical with tho se from the salt marshes of the coast; the only difference I can discover consists in the flower being a — se the regen longer and we ae a 49, C. MICRANTHA, tras Cuse. 175, t. 1, f. 83, DC. Prod. IX., 453 ; Gay! FI. Chil. IV. 446—A small flowered and low species, perhaps the lowest one in South America, peculiar _* Chili : — ee Ton, shore of the Ocean, always on Sis 51 7 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [501] | £ S ie rr 4 o =a ) < a ™m 5 os lean =¥ a B Mt ® au r=] re) © Wy + ° —— 5 rs) the other specimens cited above belong Var. 8, LATIFLORA : flowers rather larger, 14-1} lines long, petals spreading, scales often larger, styles longer; fruit not seen. Some of Peppig’s plants approach the original spe- cimens by their small flowers and crenulate lacinie. ** Flowers pedicelled, disposed in rather loose paniculate cymes, which often at last become crowded ; withered corolla usually enveloping the capsule or covering its top, in the three last species investing only its base. + Lobes of corolla acute or rarely obtuse, inflexed or corniculate at the apex. 50. C, pEcora, Choisy, under the name of indecora ; Choisy saw only a very poor blackened specimen, such as long, obliquely ovate, rostrate, rough, with a yery short, ob- long, transverse hilum. The following varieties may be dis- inguished. tingul S16 [502] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 52 es Var. a. ee C. indecora, Choisy! Cuse. 182, t. 3, f. 3; DC. Prod. IX. 457; C. neuropetala, 8. minor, En in Boston Journ. N. Hist. . 223; flowers 1-1! lines long. - long pedicels, loosely panicled, with very short cal arta the Rio Grande, Berlandier! 865 & 2 2285 ; Texas, indhei. mer! 123, (in some of the distributed collections the numbers 123 and 124, both forms of this species, are transposed) —A papillose-hispid form of this variety is C. verrucosa, «. hispi- dula Engim.! Sill. Jour. 43, p. 341; C. hispidula, Engelm.! ib. 45, p. 753 DC. Prod. IX. 461; Texas, Berlandier! 956 & 2386 ; Drummond! 248 ; Lindheimer ! 474 ; Wright! Some of these specimens by their larger flowers approach the next form. Var. 8. PULCHERRIMA; C. _neuropetala, Engelm.! 1. ¢. 45, 75; DC. Prod. IX. 461; (C. pulcherrima, Scheele! in Sianeen 21, p. 750; smooth or rarely slightly papillose ; in- florescence ‘loose or ‘sometimes more compact; flowers varia- ble in size, 14-13 lines song usually broadly campanulate ; calyx as long or longer t than tube; styles usually as long as ovary, rarely much Geanaee anthers and stigmas yellow or often nh A A form with very large and broad flowers is C. neuropetala, y littoralis, Engelm. Boston Journ. 1. ¢-—On ain? St. Marks, Ryeel! 1000 & 1001; Cuba, Hb. Vind.! Ja- maica, McFaddin! Bancroft! a small flowered, short styled orm; Cumming! 95; Alexander! Brazil, Salzmann! in Hb. Buchinger ; Gardner! 5036, a form with very hg styles, and 6068 in part (C. arvensis var. has been distributed under the same number.) * ar. Y. SUBNUDA: lower half of capsule enveloped by th tough pmmerie: of the corolla, upper part naked; short les divaricate— ommon on the overflowed is lands “of the P. rana,” Brazil, Tweedie! in Hb. Hooker calyx shorter than the deeply campanulate tube of the sf lacinie erect; scales trian- gular, acutish, thin, almost entire; Ad eaphtiary, shorter than ovary. me on Ephedra, Gill 51. C. nF a 255 Coryit, Engelm. ti in we Journ 43, p. dX 887; C. habeohee! Beyrich! in Hb. reg. Berol. in part, not \ pod Engelm.! in Gray Man. ed. 1, 351; ed. 2, 336; ©. rviflora, Nutt.! in Hb.; C. congesta, Beyr. ee n Hb.: c. ST 53 ENGELMANN—CUSOUTA. [503 compacta, var. crenulata, Choisy in DC. Prod. IX. 459.—In open woods or dry prairies, usually on shrubs, Corylus, Cea- Virginia, Beyrich! Gray & Sullivant! Georgia, Beyrich! II- linois and Missouri, Engelmann! Riehl! Kansas, Fendler! ent lengths, divaricate on capsule ; seeds ovate, oblique, thick, 0.6-0.7 line long, with a small, oblong, oblique or transverse hilum. ood Hope, on £rica and other shrubs: Zwellen- dam, “on dry hills throughout the whole district,” Kraus! ins i ° i rican species belon very small (scarcely } line long) _appendiculate calyx, ete. ; suffultis; calycis turbinati glandulosi lobis ovatis obtusis tubo ratis. outed of Quito, Fr. Hall! in Hb. reg. Berol.; J. P. Cou- thouy! on a Dalea “on the banks of the Machange, 9,500 feet high.”—A very distinct species covering low shrubs wit intricate masses of their hair-like stems, with scattered loose- [504] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 54 ly flowered panicles; whole plant filled with a reddish 2 i low juice; flo owers scarcely more than 1 line long; s very narrow, linear, Gtreputarty and sparsely lacininte-Ambri- ate towards the tip; seeds 0.7 line long. RNICULATA, n. sp.: caulibus filiformibus crassi- corolle tubum equantibus seu cst laciniis tubo fi sabeiasosdiania tubum excedentibus i incurvis ; aie ovarium pyriforme equantibus stigmatibus magnis pileatis; capsula corolla marcescente indusiata apice nuda, —— intrastylari magno; muiibae oblique ovatis intus carin ar, RACEMULOSA: floribus laxe Soetaubne samaal 85 calyais iobis apice nodoso me ip uthern Brazil, Sel. low ! 2489 and rol, ar. 8. SPHROCYMA : floribus sithons-aomeaie’ calycis lo- bis acutiusculis seu obtusis—Brazil, Prov. Goyaz, co the campos near the Buixas, Weddell! Vaateamese on the Rio Meta, Karsten! This is the first of a series of intricate, mostly Brazilian species, which includes nros, 54-58, and which will not be : ru in of the largest flowered specimen 0.6-0.7 line seg oblique ely ovate, with a very short linear-oblong transverse 5d. C. RacEMOSA, Martius ; ; Spread in several forms over a great part of South America, } just like C. Gronovii over North America, and C, planiflora over Asia and the Medi- seeds into Europe, where it has given rise to us- sions, and ha as, to some peeiaty stimulated botanists to a fur- er examination of this genus.—All the form s of this spe- cies are characterized by t the oose racemose- JoSiai iculate in- florescense ; calyx usually shorter than the deeply campanu- S16 55 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [505 ing or reflexed with inflexed points; scales large; ovarium ovate or obovate, the upper part being compact; styles stout with large, depressed, almost peltate stigmas; capsule com- monly enveloped by the corolla, with 2-4 light brown, oval, obliquely truncate or rostrate seeds, 0.6-0.7 line in length ; hilum short, linear, perpendicular or transverse, often with radiating lines on the umbilicus. I distinguish the following forms : Var. c. Brastr1ana; C. racemosa ; Martius! itin. I. 286; Choisy! Cuse. 181, t. 3, £1; DC. Prod. IX. 456; flowers with few or scarcely any glands, of a rather membranaceous texture and pale color, with very short and obtuse lobes of calyx and obtusish lobes of corolla; flowers usually 14 lines ong.—Common about Rio and generally in Brazil, on shrubs and herbaceous plants; Martius! 941; Booz! Gaudichaud! Graham! Pohl! 5100, in part; Riedel, 695. 8B. mrntata: OC. miniata, Martius! 1. ¢.; var. minuta, late gradually widening tube; lacinie commonly short, spread- A : : Choisy! l. c.; flowers of a thicker texture, reddish, more or less glandulous.—Brazil, Martius! 1292; Ackermann! Mi- kan! Langsdorff! Pohl! 5100 in part; Vauthier! 252; Lund! 737. d wit iflora ’ cig Soe Choisy! Cuse. 180; DC. Prod. IX. 456, not Ruiz & Pav.; C. Hassiaca, Pfeiffer! Bot. Zeit. 1843, p. 705; Eng. migrans, Pf. ib, 1845, p. 674; C. diaphana, Wend. F 1. hass. of corolla with acute inflexed points; scales as ong ng often be be J 940 about such fields; it has been observed in France, Piedmont, Switzerland, Germany and Holland. Var. 6. caLycrna; C. suaveole Lex flowers as large as in the last, often glandulous, with longer d wide tube; dead corolla covering the capsule.— Sail Bellow! in Hb. reg. Berol., Weddell ! Riedel! Valdi- via, Lechler! 479. : xupa; C. citricola, Schlecht. Linn. XXII. 808? Var. «. eben of glandular calyx ovate, nearly as long as the tube of 526 [506] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 56 the corolla; lacinie of same length, reflexed, at the obtusish capsule covered by the corolla, upper half free—Brazil, near Rio, Sellow! 4.99 B.; southern Brazil, the same ! in Hb. reg. Berol.; Riedel! 990 in Hb. H. B. Petrop.; Island of Sta, Ca- tarina, southern Brazil, on Citrus, Pabst ex Schlechtend. 56. C. PARVIFLORA, n. sp.: caulibus capillaceo-filiformibus intricatis ; cymis fasciculato-paniculatis laxis paucifloris; pe- dicellis flore minuto late i cis turbinati lobis ovatis obtusiusculis tubum corolla sequan- tibus; laciniis ovati u lan i j siusculo inflexis; staminibus brevibus, antheris ovatis fila- ar. 6, ELONGATA: pedicellis elongatis clavatis; floribus minoribus; laciniis acutis tubo subduplo longioribus demum reflexis; filamentis subulatis gracilibus lacinias equantibus. Brazil, Min eraes, on Trem dt, Ackermann! Villa Rica, on some other shrub; Pohl! 5726; Var. 8. Goyaz, Wed- dell! 2125.—Flowers only 4-3 line long, smaller than in an i var. 8, the pedicels are 2 or 8 times as long as the “ whitish” flowers; lacinie and especially filaments much longer and more slender. tt Lobes of corolla obtuse, not incurved. lum on the radiately marked umbilicus.—Flower 13-2 lines long, dotted with yellow glands, which Dr. Hooker describes 58. C. MicROsTYLA, n. sp.: caulibus filiformibus floribus- que glandulosis ; cymulis laxis paucifloris ; calycis lobis trian- gulato-ovatis obtusis corolle tubo profunde campanulato bre- 5T _ ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [507] vioribus; laciniis ovatis obtusiusculis tubum equantibus pa- tulis reflexisve ; staminibus brevissim sim is, ant theri ris ovatis fila- cem attingentibus; ovario magno tu plente, stylis subnullis, stigmatibus ie a tirotinets; coneiia conica apice e corolla exserta. On the volcano of Antuco, Chili, Reynolds! 95, in Hb. aan ec only specimen seen is very one with only Near few ) possi with C. racemosa, but well distingnished by the large nic ovary with the thick and rudimentary but nevertheless pee unequal styles; flower 11-1} lines long, thick and eshy, yellow when dry, dotted with darker glands; whole plant ear f a ones yellow dye. caulibus filiformibus ; floribus lpaiiie late ovatis obtusis tubo equilongis, satentibes seu mum recurvis; staminibus brevioribus, antheris oblongis filamenta late subulata Psesteney squamis ime corolle ad- natis spatulatis laciniato-fimbriatis deste excedentibus con- niventibus; stylis ovario magno ovato a apiculato brevioribus fere inclusis, stigmatibus parvis; capsula depressa glandulosa marcescenti insidente supra nuda; seminibus ob Plentiful in the province of St. J ago de be La Plata, Tweedie! 1191, in Hb. Hooker.—Flow n short ure ; seeds bro ur uate or thle, hile Distiggsich hed by the shape of the flower, the pistils and stigmas from C. racemosa, var. nuda, m C. Gronovii, with which it is still more cloeely al- merica. lied and which it seems to represent in South 0. C. Gronovn, Willd.! rel. R. 4 ar VI. 08 & & [508] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 58 the large, oval, deeply fringed scales; the oval, slightly conic ovary. Seeds 0.6-0.9 line long, obliquely oval, rarely ros- trate, with an oblong-linear, usually perpendicular hilum.— The following varieties may be distinguished : ar. a, VULGIVAGA, the common form, as described and figured in Sill. Journ. and Chois. Cuse. ; itis Willdenow’s ori- in l C. ae . ar, 8, LaTiFLORA, C. Saururi, Engelm.! 1. ¢. p. 336, t. 6, f 17-21; calyx more membranaceous; lacinie and stamens of equal length, as long as the sh tube ; scales narrow and longer than the tube; in eastern specimens the flowers are er, i sometimes larger than in var, nw «,—From Massachusetts to North Carolina and westward to Illinois and Missouri. Var. y. catyprrata; C.Bonariensis, H. B. Carlsr. al.; C. Chilensis, H, B. Frib. al., not Ker.; similar to the first form, flowers even more deeply campanulate, usually glan- dulous, rather larger, in very loose panicles; corolla re- saute n, top of capsule——Western Louisiana, Gregg! pane indheimer! cultivated in several botanical gardens erm any. Var. 6. 2? curtA; C. umbrosa, Hook. l. c. in part ; flowers 1} lines long, glandulous; calyx and short broadly e a small, oblong, transverse hilum.—Northwestern America, Douglas! Fremont! 79 (1845).—Perhaps a distinct species, taking the place of C. Gronovii on the Pacific side of the ntinent. 61. C. rostrata, Shuttleworth! in sched., Engelm.! in Bost. Journ. n. h., V. 225; C. oxycarpa, Engelm! in sched. —In shady woods, on tall coarse herbs, rarely on shrubs, 59 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [509] i. a Sais tt linear ati Tien ash hilu § 3. Lepidanche. rs pedicelled or, mostly, closely sessile ; sepals free, similar to the. cudnle sterile bracts, i imbricate ; ovary capsule more or less conic, thickened and fleshy at the apex; withered corolla covering the capsule like a hood.—Zepidanche, Eng. Sill. ‘Soar. 48, p. 343. * Flowers pedicelled, loosely paniculate. ee cus syed ae in Bost. Journ. n. h., oval, with a thick stylopodium ; caps thick and ‘end: est flowers, and almost orbieular sepals, 63. C. BRACTEATA, n. sp.: caulibus tenuiter filiformibus ; yeh spiciformibus paniculatis ; ; pedunculis pedicellisque is bracteis pluribus ovatis obtusis, superioribus lanceola- tis aiiguitld stipatis; sepalis similibus longioribus acuminatis serrulatis tubum corolle subcylindricum equantibus; laciniis lanceolatis acuminatis tubo brevioribus reflexis; staminibus multo brevioribus, suche oblongo-ovatis filamento equi- longis; squamis ovatis crispa to-laceris medio tubo adnatis faucem miei er get stylis capillaceis ovario minuto multo longioribus inclusis, s tigmatibus ovato-capitatis. yaz, Brazil, parasitic on shrubs, Gardner! 3348 in. Hb. ooker. 2 Similar to the last, but flowers much larger, 2 lines long in a rather contracted inflorescence; peduncles re- ot G [610] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 60 markably thick in Eenpvenen to the stems; stigmata oval, al- most twice as long as they are t a a ire that I have not seen in any other s ecies. The on en examined is barely in flower; the ovary is BCR ly Zwesih as in the last species, ** Flowers closely sessile, crowded in compact and often continuous clusters. C. ls ae n. 8p. cau ulibus filiformibus auran 03 sessili 1 ong ovatis “cuspida atis membranaceis adpressis oa. ‘sim in sepala exteriora similia et interiora longiora obtusiora ovario 0 capsula ovata apiculata 1-2-sperma corollz rudimentis calyp- trata; seminibus subglobosis Stiiasted ieee hilo oblon breviato. Fields and wastes on the Rio Grande, on Artemisia Lu- doviciana, se anthus ciliatus other weeds, from Se Wreh t! as 5 (aol ray) ny 1628 (coll. 1852), rhe Thatber! a del Norte, P ters pay lines in diameter, pre htine of $12 fi nasil 0 sometimes salt nly 2-3-flowered; occasionally continu- ous, in the manner the next species; flowers 2} lines long similar in shape to those of the two last species, but close es - alate lan, almost a mere dot. 65. C. oor seg Choisy! Cuse. 184, t. 4, f. 1; DC. Prod, IX. 458; Lepidanche Compositarany “Engelm. 1 Sill. _ 3,C hg ara . Ann ty ° A i = ¥ &. Be oO rt ‘ant um and other tall parent te ; rasitic on any other aye from Indiana, D Clapp af nos and Missouri, mond ! Engelm.! Rie hl! 15 & 16; Kansas, Hayden! the sai Arkansas region, Fendler'! és aH a to the Canadian, Bigelow! and to the Liano in western Texas, Lindheimer! Mr. Riehl found it very destructive to the pear seedlings in his nursery.—This, the most striking of all Cus- cutee, hos been so fully described, that very little is to be S2s 61 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [511] added. The glomerules almost always form two parallel lines on both sides of the stem, wherever it is attached to the stem of the nurse and somewhat flattened, rarely in de- tached clusters, where the stem is free; these clusters of r i + his see ee ash _tion, had not enveloped the whole in so much obscurity, that Choisy’s later name is to G preferred. re 66. C. compacta, Jussieu! in Hb.; Choisy! Cuse. 185, t. rod, IX, 45: 4, £.2; DCP 8; Engelm. ! Bost. Journ. N Hist., 7, 225; C. remotiflora C. Fruticum, Bertol. Mise. bot x ericana, auct. var.; C. im , Nutt.! in aes OC. A cata, Nutt.! i Hb.; C. coronata, Beyr.! in Hb.—From the banks of the St. Lawrence i in the State of New York southward, and on the Alleghany mountains from Pennsylvania to Georgia and Alabama, almost entirely on shrubs, such as Corylus, Alnus, Andromeda, ete. ; only seen, on herbaceous plants.— Clusters in fruit often {-1} inche s in = peek: — arow: but also abundant where it is free; tube of corolla sander, lacinie oblong ; dead corolla raised on top of the acutish cap- sule, giving it a pointed appearance; seeds 1-2, rarely 3-4 in each capsule, 0.8-1.0 line long, oval oblique, lenticular or cari- nate inside, scarcely rostrate ; hilum small, oblong, perpendi- cular or transverse. Var. 8. appressa; Lepidanche adpressa, Engelm.! in Sill. Journ. 45, p. 77; C. acaulis, Rat. Ann. Nat. 1820, p. 13 2—Shady woods in "rich bottom-lands along streams in the Mississ'ppi valley, on Cephalanthus, settee Salix, Big- nonia, Vitis, Rhus Toxt oxicodend , Smilax and som me her- corolla wider, more deeply immersed in the calyx, lobes broader, capsule thicker, not so much pointed and corolla not so much rages above it, so that the clusters, eproslly = fruit, appear more obtuse; seeds of same size as sually 2-4 in a anenle: compressed, scarcely carinate, with F Poser, transverse hilum. The difference in the seeds ap- f= 526 [512] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 62 pears to be constant, and proves again that in this genus not much reliance can be put on characters derived from them. Sec. 1. Lobostigma. capsule. he only species of this section is a native of Tasmania. TASMANICA, n. sp.: caulibus capillaceis; cymis laxifloris umbellato-fasciculatis compositis ; pedicellis s elonga- . Br. Nb gerensirs er petra Gann’ ! “1991, in Hb. Hooker.— Well characterized and distinguished from any other species by the shape of the stigma. Fascicles of 4-8 flowers aggre- -gated in larger cymes; flowers 14-1} oe long, pee 5- parted ; anthers turned inward, with a v road commis- sure on the back; scales crenulate o arabe sides, ‘de eeply fringed and usually bilobed at the tip; cael nearly as long as lobes of corolla, much longer than the stamens, stigma commonly with 4 unequal lobes; ; Styles in “fruit subulate from a broad divaricate base, distant from another, with a small aperture between them; no ripe seeds seen. Sec. 8. Monogynella. Styles united entirely or for the greater part of their length, thick and compressed; stigmata capitate, sus phan or ovate, distinct or more or less coalescent. Ca larly circumscissile, usually 2-seeded ; ea of s 3 thie i shape of the capsule, transparent, with a er rim, enti no part adhering to the base of the style. Seeds compressed, oblique, more or less rostrate, with a lon 8 hilum. -Anthers sessile, or on very pert aments, often at- tached to the tube below the thro Stems thick ; flowers eanticey. small, always 5-parted, sessile or on short pedicels, supported by. bracts, in small S27 63 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [613] cymules, which form a compound spike or raceme; withered corolla remaining, hoodlike, on the very top of the large ca) rs arasitic mostly on = —— Of the 8 species of this section, 5 belong to the continent of Asia, 2 of whic extend into Europe; 1 is Yelm to he island of Timor, 1 to South Africa, and 1 to C, EXALTATA, N. Sp.: caule funiculari ; oe brevi- erecto-patulis ; antheris cordato-orbiculatis ad faucem sessili- bus; squamis bipartitis dentatis tubo multo brevioribus ; stylo apice bifido ovario ovato-globoso «quilongo, stigmatibus subg arasitic on Diospyros Mexicana, Ulmus crassifolia, _ virens, Juglans, Rhus, etc., 10-20 feet high, in west- rm Texas, on the Guadaloupe and ‘Cibolo, Lindheimer! 472; a athe Colorado and Blanco, Wright! on the Leona and at the mouth of the Pecos, Bigelow! on the Rio Grande, oe embryo is coiled up in 2-3 rounds; on “the: upper a This is the only species of this section, where the styles are not comple, united. I formerly distributed it under the ostyla. atis verrucosis corollz tubum latum breviter cylindricum includentibus ; laciniis qn obtusis vix basi imbricatis erec- tis tubum equantibus; antheris cordato-ovatis ad faucem ses- bauer gperees truncato pauci-dentatis tubo brevioribus; stylo ovario ovato-conico equilongis, stig- mate capitato bilobo ; si ovata; seminibus ovato-trian- gulatis pry verru i o [514] TRANS, OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 64 last species ; scales united at base, ovate obtuse or truncate, scarcely dentate ; styles united entirely; stigma div — al- most to the base, lobes subglobose ; capsule 3-4 lines long, subglobose; seeds of the size and shape as in the last species. TrworEnsis, Decaisne! Mss.: caule funiculari ; flo- ribus racemoso-spi seu ndeterminata apice bracteata spicatis ; pedicellis inferioribus longioribus bracteatis eri- oribus i nudis, nibus brac ovato-orbiculata concava suffultis; calycis profunde partiti lobis orbiculatis concavis imbri tubum corolle br panulatum equantibus ; laciniis re) obtusis tubo brevioribus erectis seu sepe p: flexi antheris cordato-ovatis tubo in- dency toa rewalabiy! spiked lander which is observed oe this whole group, is more decidedly developed in this _ es; the main axis of the inflorescence is terminated by an imbriautely bracted bud, never by a flower; the ea orton flowers o ‘Tow first, and the upper ones in suce n; all, of 2 8 base of each anther; ek: tp of the length of the style and searcely thicker, oval a eo capsule about 3 lines a seeds 1} lines in dtaanete tc.; from southern Europe through middle Asia south-east- ward: Portugal (? Brot.) ; southern France, almost always on the grape vine (in ntroduced ’), Delisle! Requien! ete.; Rumelia, rah opm specimens often wicea with C. Euro- pea; Crimea, Trautve _— Greece, Heldreich! Orphani- des! Asia Minos Sibthorp! Wiedemann! Syria, Tourne- fort! in Hb. Banks, Labillardiere! Blanche! Caucasus and ‘Georgia, Hohenacker! Prescott! Wilhelms! Frick! Koch! Soongaria Schrenk! Persia, Buhse! Noé! Kotschy! 713, S72 65 ENGELMANN—OUSCUTA. [515] Affghanistan, Griffith! 682 & 684.— Vahl’s description, “dentibus corolle lanceolatis,” ete., does not ries, —o with our plant, nor is Sibthorp’s figure, Fl. gree. t. 257, very correct; but the locality of the former and au- thentic specimen of the latter (in Hb. Jacq.) leave no doubt that both had the plant in view which {fo formerly distin- guished as C. astyla.—The inflorescence is a compound spike sometimes branched. Flowers 14-1} lines long; corolla 1-1} line in length; lacinie oval or orbicular, very obtuse, delicately crenulate, 2a scarcely more than half as long as the tube, which i s entirely enclosed in the calyx; an- rostrate, slightly rough Mon. Blancheana, DesM.! in lit. is a form with a somewhat dhonsietich conic capsule, which oc- curs in Syria and Georgia, and which approaches the next species, ag eg Bunge! in Lehm. rel. in Mem. sav. ét. VII. 396.—Bokhara, on the Aviinlen of the Jan-Darja, A. Lehman ie owers pedicelled in a id inflores- cence, slender, 2}--2} lin long; corolla 2--2} lines in length ; lacinie oval, crenulate, shorter than the tube, erect or spread- ing; scales horseshoe-shaped, attached to the middle of the ube and covering the e of the ovate-vordate anthers, pecially of its Asiatic form ; the pistil is like that of the last species ; the position of scales is quite peculiar. I class with this bl form eae a inor: A: pedicels as long as, or often coves than ety aya snob lobes of the corolla still m tinctly crenate, not much shorter than the tube, ppieling, n the fruit erect or twisted; anthers still shorter} scales al- most entirely adnate, commonly showing only a denticulate crest on both sides; stigma globose or oval, almost se On Pistacia Terebinthus, on mount Sipyle, near Ma rom sia, Balansa! 411.—Flowers 24 lines, poem 2 lines long, more deeply — than in the allied speci F300 [516] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 66 73. C. tuputirormis, Krocker! Siles. I. p. 261, t. 36; @. monogyna, auctt. Fl. germ. al.—On willows, etc., on the banks of streams from eastern ot north-eastern Germany, Silesia, where it seems to be common on the Oder, Lessing! Geep- pert! Giinther ! al., Bohemia and Austria, Kovats! to omapal feoreniar: and to central Russia, Kasan, Graff!—F low eae essile or on at last shignely plongases ¥ pedicels ; cym p- Tam x, etc. from the banks of the Wolga, Fischer! Beeker! Tiers it seems to join the western form, eastward * through the -southern parts of Asiatic Russia, Caucasus, Hb. ooker! Soongaria, Schrenk! 229 & 306, b. (the last a form with very slender flowers and longish pedicels) ; Buchtar- minsk, Karelin & Kiriloff! 926; Altai, Ledeb bour! Bunge! Gebler ! 180, to the river Angara, Turezani noff! so happens that C. lupuliformis properly designates the spe- cies which in Europe and Asia extends north of the 43d or 44th degree, and C. monogyna that which grows south of that latitude. 74. C. GiganTE, Griffith, notul. I. 243—On Tamari Siah-sung ravine, Affghanistan, 10,300 feet high, Gatun? 1031 (6 83) —Griffith’s s specimens corresponding best with his description are all parasitic on Tamariz and not on Salix or P TSI 67 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [517] founded it with C. monogyna, which he has collected on wil- The inflorescence forms on spikes after the manner of this section, but shorter, only 4--$ inch long, flowers 24--23 nulate, a little shorter than the tube, spreading, or reflexed ; ovate-cordate anthers very large, subsessile a little below she throat ; scales oval, fimbriate, reaching from the base to the middle of the tube; style as long as the conic ovary and the Pe elongated, somewhat ligulate (linguiformia, a age as. PF Tees, Choisy! Pl. Zoll., 1854, p. 130 & PI. Jay. 1868 p. 30.—This species extends in several forms along the whole coast ft ot and to Japan; all the different va- short cupulate calyx, with by the slotted style, with 2 get! cot or tea conic or — stigma s. Flowers 2}--3 lines long. ide SOIDEA: lowers eetwlia aa several bracts ing | aime to ‘che base of the skins; ; ey ies beget than the conic ovary; stigmas short and conic.—This is Choisy’s ori- g ‘sponica, and also C. reflexa, var. densiflora, Ben- tham! in Hb.—Japan, Zollinger! 355; Hongkong, Abbé Furet! Maj. Champion! 457.—C. la, Maximowitsch! t . Amur. ined., from the lower Amur, is exactly m e a same plant, with shorter scales, ee rather oval than conic tigmas. From @. lw iformis, var. Asiatica, to which it aos approaches, it is distinguished by the short calyx and the shape and insertion of the stamens. Var. 8. PANICULATA: flowers on short rt pedicels, scarcely bracted at panes in a loosely sania panicle, oP inches long and of the same diameter; narrow scales reac from the base to oe middle - the tube; seipinns conic-snbulate, as long as tyle and as ova pent ll colorans, Maxim.! |. ¢.— rie Kirlow! in Hb. Fischsi, now Hb. H. B. Petrop. ? FISSISTYLA: inflorescence same as last ; — t their lower third; tigmas conic.—Hongkong, as. Wright! U.S. North Pacif Expl. Exp., nro. 486. the next “aicstemh ‘hia to Mr. Bentham was so evident, that he considered our plant a mere variety of it; but the struc- ture of the capsule, with the corolla persisting on its top and the dissepiment in its base, shows that it truly belongs to Monogynella. The dissepiment is membranaceous, with a thicker See but without the thick frame-like border of the allied spee Sec. 9. Callianche. sanded: atansptbhean existe thin, jane ev stlesbenrt stylar portion small. Seeds compressed, rostrate, angled on the in- e Flowers large, 5-parted, usually on bra cted pedicels in com- os Mh loosely paniculate cymules; corolla deciduous after owering. The only species inhabits East-India and the adjoining nee xa, Roxb. Corom, 104; Fi. ind. I. 446.— This ‘beautiful species bears the largest flowers of any, in dif- ferent varieties from 3-5 lines long; calyx with oval or most- te, the tube ; anthers oval to a lang tacse, sessile or subsessile ; scales in the base of the tube, about } or 4 its length, with short and delicate curly fringes, curved ; pons oval, acutish, often attenuated into a short, slightly bifid style, or with ses- varieties. ar. a. GRANDIFLORA; C. ndiflora, Wall.! Cat. : 1318, not H.B.K.; C. innareechy, sien gen. syst. IV. 305; DC. Prod. IX. 455; C. megalantha, Steud. n i elatior, Choisy! Cuse. 177. —Flowers of the lneptets Sant la- cinie } or sometimes only 1 the length of the tube; anthers elongated, on very short filaments separating from the tube below the throat; stigmas elongate, subulate, divaricate, usually on a very short st tyle. is no doubt Roxburgh’s original C. reflexa, as his Soe and description, “stigmata ” S33 69 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA. [519] large, sg se — ” prove.—In the temperate as well as the tropical parts of India, from the Himalaya, Wal- lich! 1318 ke 131923 Lady Dalhousie! Jacquemont! 1109 & 2183 ; ee & etn aon 1 & 2; Hofmeister’ to Ceylon, Gardner! 616; Thomson! and Java, Zollinger! 2839.—The specimens from the islands are remarkably stout, and have a larger calyx than the ordinary form. It often occurs with verrucose bracts, pedicels, and ne or even ver- Engelm. ; e Hookeri, pT hort. br. p. 290; C reflesa, var. verrucosa, Hook.! fl. ex Var. 8, BRACHYSTIGM ane reflect, Wallich ! Cat. in part, Rapeworth 3 in Lin. vai, Choisy, DC. Prod. 1. c., and most authors, not Roxb., C. pentandr a, Heyne! in Hb. "H. B. Pe- trop.—Flowers smaller; lacinie } or > the length of the tube; anthers shorter, sessile at the throat of the corolla; Jacquemont, 149, from Bengal, has the obrdlla «nd anthers of var. a, and the short ere ect stigmas of var. 9; style dis- tinct, almost as long as the stigmai. C. anguina, Edgewo orth! Trans. Lin. Soc. XX., 86, from the Himalaya, is a small flowered form with more ‘deeply di- vided tube, otherwise the same as var. 9, C. aphylla, Raf. in Spr. n. Ent. I. 145, and “e4 Prod. IX. 461, from the Wabash, is perhaps the same as C. glomerata. C. Epibotrys, Uva barbata or Anoe ae gon, is the name © the numerous capillary stems of a Cuscuta which of the grape vine; they often seem to be without flowers; in one cre — have been ascertained to belong to C. Epithym ; akon Koch, in Linnea XXII. 748, from Asia inor, I have not seen; it may be a depauper ate form of C. brevistyla. C. triflora, E. Syst h in Pl. Drege, from the Cape of Good Hope, is, as well as C. funiformis, Willd. a species of Cassyta [520] TRANS. OF THE ACAD. OF SCIENCE. 70 ADDENDA. Page 459, Cuscutina, aah Bot. Zeit. 1846, p. 461, is ano- ther synonym of Gramm Page 467, add to C. Palstina C. globularis, Bert. FI. it. Noles 625, is the same p Page 478, after C. Ee introduce : 20. b. C. GLOBIFLORA, n. sp. aulibus filiformibus crassi- 0 filamento brevissimo longioribus; squamis magnis_ ovati breve fimbriatis ‘aepigag pene attingentibus; stylis ovario globoso equilon Cuzco, Polis, at an sm ag of 11-12,000 feet, nae in. ahs Hooker.—Glomerules in the single specimen seen 6-7 in diameter, somites of owers; flowers wis the and’ th r or urceolate; ovary se or even depienied: I could n certain whether the styles become subulate; stigmas small and slightly conic; in ried state, the young capsule Page be om to eS Chilensis : C. odorata, Choisy! Cuse. 180, t. 2, f.4; DC, Prod. IX. 456; set Fi. Chil. IV. 447, not Ruiz & Pavon, according te the Bg tion and figure of Choisy and the authentic spe- en b. DeCa andolle, does ay essentially differ. The ipeciinets of Gay, 816 & 817 a va Bertero, 940, — a thinner, more membranaceous te ice an the or 4 C. biloraeeness but Gandichaud’s specimen is i athaeey sdeailicel ae 482, C. an, H.B.K.! n. gen. sp. III, 122, is the same as C. Americana. Page 493, 1. 13, read Rogovitschiana for Regowitschiana. 53S 71 ENGELMANN—CUSCUTA—INDEX. [521] INDEX. The names of the Genera and Sections are in — capitals, of the Spe- cies in small capitals, of the Synonyms in common type. ce a en seses eee CALLIANCHE, Eng. --.... 460, 518 lis, Raf. seee covers HIL|C, Calliopes, Held. & Sart.-----462 arr cg Nutt se eeee ae eee 498 wen cans aed AC GZocrevee eee cece ee 497 » Nutt. oseeee 0006482 acutifiora, Rota + ++++++ ++++++461 C , Chois. «++++ ++++46 ACUTILOBA, Eng. + ++++ «+++++ 478 Capensis, Chois. «++++. +++. 476 ssima, Hs eee eee eee 490 pillaris, Reichb, -..+.. +++.467 L. adpressa, Eng teen aeeee capillaris, Wall. .-.... ereeee 479 Arricana, Thunb. Chois.-- +475 pillaris, Edg. - wavewe 470 a, tis seceee 47 poe Roxb. « eseeee 0000478 Africana, Kraus ++++++ sess: es aggregata, seeee ceeeee ATI CASSUTH ‘DesM.. bese wie alba, Presl..++eses -++e++ ++++463/C. cassyTorpEs, Nees. «++. +-+-518 Iba, auct.++eres ceseee eeeees 466 Cephalanthi, Eng. --.... +. -- 498 alpina, Hoh. ---- oe seeees 2000470 Cesatiana nb tece-evepee 400 Americana, Lin — sees eg, CHILENSIS, Ker. ++++0+ oe+00+ 478 eric: Lin. and a Chilensis, Bert.- --++++ oe+00. 505 rt+: +» 495 507, 510, "pl Chilensis, hort. + esese. «+++. 508 Americana, "Thunb. 476, rr 479 HINENSIS, Resp wcoice! sneha een, CHLOROCARPA, Eng. -+- . mpe ON + ccve cevcee veer O19 chrysocoma, Wel. ++++++ ++++493 an a, Wen U 6s ee eee pesriac A = Cia ve ekeuwen ta ANGULATA, Eng. «