’

Papaver somniferum—Opium Poppy.

= Ast

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS _

AS(TO
ipo
P31
TU

A DESCRIPTIVE LIST OF
DRUG EXTRACTS STAND-
ARDIZED BY CHEMICAL OR
PHYSIOLOGICAL MEANS

Together with a List te Various Forms in which these
Drugs are Marketed

‘Trease Ca lectin,

From the very inception of our business we have subjected
all our chemical supplies to searching tests for purity and
identity. The medical and pharmaceutical professions have
always recognized the variation in the purity of chemical
salts, but for some inexplicable reason they have not seemed

to fully appreciate the fact that the market abounds in .
therapeutic drugs and galenical preparations whose medicinal

value is conjectural. Some are practically inert, and some

"are potent to the point of danger.

_A short time ago a chemist bought ten conte of tincture
of opium in which the content of morphine varied from 27

to 22.8 per cent. He also examined three tinctures of
g aconite, one of which was found to contain 9 per cent. os
more aconitine than the standard — and another 20 Lo5 :
per cent. less. neo

S Samples of belladonna preparations: ihwed from 25 to : : : 5
; 45 per cent. Tess of fees alk loids: than official y ‘re i.

4
of digitalis, strophanthus and ergot from supposedly reliable
sources and found that they varied in strength in the ratio
of | to 4,

Any number of instances could be cited to show how
variable and unreliable are fluid extracts and tinctures made
-according to old and imperfect methods, and which have
not been subjected to a rigid examination to determine their
values as medicinal agents.

Long ago we became convinced that the only way to
insure, in a given product, exact and uniform medicinal
action was to standardize it—that is, to adjust it to a
definite alkaloidal or other standard by systematic assay.

: We entered the field of standardization thirty years ago;
we were the pioneers—the first to abandon the uncertain
methods in vogue and to make use of accurate processes—
the first to prove the activity of drug products and to
_ systematically measure that activity.

To one product after another, therefore, we began to
: apply certain chemical tests to assure ourselves of their
potency, and proceeded, scientifically, to adjust them to a
uniform standard of strength—so that each dose might
always be relied upon, barring idiosyncrasy in the patient,

eee to exert the same measure of therapeutic effect.

- Fifteen yee ago we oa limitations of chemical

id

0
were exactly alike, yet when given to animals or to patients
one might prove very active and the other entirely inert.

The only way in which such drugs can be tested is upon
living animals, i.e., by the physiologic method. As we
were the first manufacturers to adopt the principle of
chemical standardization, so also were we the first to work
out and apply practical methods for physiologically assaying
drugs not amenable to chemical assay.

In the current medical press appear utterances like this:
‘“We are realizing more and more the need of some kind of
assay for most drugs. It becomes evident that, in some
cases, ordinary chemical methods do not suffice to give full
information concerning a drug. The effect of digitalis on
the frog’s heart or that of ergot on the cock’s comb are
known to give a truer indication of the therapeutic value of
these drugs than any isolated chemical test.”’

The Pharmacopceia has adopted the principle of chemical
standardization. _In its eighth revision it requires alkaloidal
standards of strength for twenty-one drugs. In addition to —
this it has recognized the physiologic method as the only one
applicable to antidiphtheric serum, and a committee has been

appointed to determine how far physiologic assays <i ee
se adapted to the ninth revision of the U. Ss. Pharmacopeeia.
We do not restrict mandlardization % to ‘a few drugs; oor

neue 6
compound of our output in which these drugs enter as
_ ingredients are included i in this category. An examination —
of « our price list reveals the fact that more than one thousand
of our products are rendered definitely and uniformly active
by our perfected system of testing.
| For this -work« we maintain laboratories which afford
"unequaled facilities—under the supervision of scientists of
world-wide » reputation. —
ope, drugs. herein tabulated comprise the most important
Ss which depend for their value upon a —— :
or assayable a active principle. |

" PARKE, Davis & CO.

“I

ACONITE.
Also known as Monkshood and Wolfsbane.

Leaves and root of Aconitum napellus (Linne) are used,

Contains three alkaloids, of which aconitine is the most
active,

Circulatory sedative; sudorific; antineuralgic; anodyne.

Employed in sthenic fevers, acute inflammations, and
neuralgia; also locally in rheumatic and other pains.

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTs:

Fluid Extract Aconite leaves; tested physiologically.
Dose, | to 3 mins.
He Fluid Extract Aconite, U. S. P.; alkaloidal standard,
0.4% aconitine. Tested physiologically also.
_ Average dose, | min.

Tincture Aconite, U. S, P.; alkalordal sidasd
0.045% aconitine. Tested scilewg ys also.
Average dose, 10 mins.

Solid Extract Aconite root; tested physiologically
Dose, 1-20 to 1-5 gro .

Powdered Extract Aconite leaves; tested physiolog-
cally. Dose, 1-4 to 1 oe.

Powdered Extract Aconite root; tested physiolog
cally. Dose, 1-20 to oe oe oe ae

Tablet Triturates of Tincture Aconite and Pi d Ex :
tract: t Aconite root, i in gra I

8

Note.—These products are prepared from crude ma-
terial that has been carefully garbled and inspected. The
root as it appears on the market is especially variable, many
parcels containing a considerable proportion of inert oF
defective roots; among these are the root of /mperatoria
osiruthium and other varieties of the drug, of which there
are a large number. We reject annually many lots of
defective and spurious aconite, employing only the select of
the market. Experience teaches that this drug gives the
best results when administered in minute and frequently
repeated doses. For most purposes the tincture is prefer-
able; of this from 5 to 10 minims may be mixed with about

four ounces of water and a teaspoonful given every hour
until the desired effect is obtained.

ANHALONIUM.

Also known as Pellote and Mescale Buttons.

The dried tops of Anhalonium Lewinii (Henning), a
cactus indigenous to Mexico, are used. P

Contains several alkaloids, of which the most important —
appears to be anhalonine. j

Cardiac tonic; nervine.

Employed in seein Seong asthma, wid hypo-
chondriasis.

_ STANDARDIZED Propuct: ae

ASAFETIDA.
A gum-resin from the root of Ferula foetida ( Baa
Contains ferulaic acid, resin, a volatile oil and ca

terpenes.
Antispasmodic; carminative; expectorant. — oe

Employed in hysteria, hypochondriasis, convulsions, flat- as
aca and spasmodic pectoral affectons.

1 ARDARORED Propucts: Cn ee
Fluid Extract Asafetida. Dose, 10 to 30 mins.
Tincture Asafetida, U. S. P. Each 100 Ce. repre-
sents — ‘grammes of = drug. ce dose, 15
mins. : =
Chocelde cast” Tablets of Aukaa. c gr. to 5 ars. .
Pils-ot Asafetida, | gr. to 5 grs.

Also various combinations i in oe and tablet form,

Noe steve products are made from uleed
dis of the drug shown by assay to contain not less than 50
per cent. of alcohol-soluble resin and which, on incineration,
yield less than 10 per cent. of ash. There are several ©
grades of the drug i in commerce; the inferior grades contain _
various impurities such as sand, gypsum and flour, which
sometimes exceed he one is eee e

me ; 10
~ BELLADONNA.

Also known as Deadly Nightshade.

The dried leaves and root of Altropa Belladonna
-(Linne) are used.

Contains chiefly two isomeric alkaloids, atropine and
hyoscyamine (also hyoscine, belladonine and atropamine).
The root contains a larger percentage of alkaloids than the
leaves.

-Anodyne; antispasmodic; antihydrotic; antigalactic;
mydriatic.

Employed in the treatment of night sweats, mastitis,
galactorrhea, asthma, spasm of the urethra and_ bladder,
whooping-cough, acute sore-throat, collapse; and, in the _
form of ointment or plaster, for the relief of local nerve

Pains.
STANDARDIZED PRopucts:

Fluid Extract Belladonna leaves; standard, 0.3%
mydriatic alkaloids. Dose, | to 4 mins.

Fluid Extract Belladonna root, U. S. P.; standard, —
0.4% mydriatic alkaloids, Average dose, | min.”

_ standard, 2.75:

Yo my )

11

Powdered Extract Belladonna leaves; standard,
1.4% mydriatic alkaloids. Dose, 1-8 to 1-2 gr.
Powdered Extract Belladonna roct; standard, 2%

mydriatic alkaloids. Dose, 1-8 to 1-2 gr.

Pills of Belladonna (leaves) extract, 1-8 gr. and 1-4
gr.

Tablet Triturates Belladonna (leaves) fluid extract,
1-2 min. and | min.; tincture, |, 2 and 5 mins.;
extract, 1-8 gr. and 1-4 gr.

Pills of Atropine (crystals) and Atropine sulphate in
various grainages.

Tablets of Atropine sulphate in various grainages.

Also many combinations in pill and tablet form.

NoTe.—Belladonna is often advantageously combined
with aconite in fevers—when there is cerebral congestion.
It should be given in small doses; five to ten minims of the
tincture may be added to four ounces of water, and a
teaspoonful of this administered every hour. The drug
has also proved serviceable in enuresis; in this disease, how-
ever, it must be pushed until the physiologic effect is pro-
duced. In constipation Belladonna does good by depress-
ing the inhibitory nerves of the intestine; therefore it is a
useful component of cathartic preparations. The dried leaves
vary remarkably in their percentage of alkaloid; often the
finest looking ones have to be rejected because inferior
in strength to smaller and less sightly leaves. We debar

old and musty specimens, for it is known that they undergo —
se change an absorption of moisture and lose a portion :

a 12
_ CANNABIS. SATIVA.

Also known ‘as Indian Hemp and American Hemp.
_ The dried flowering tops of Cannabis sativa (Linne) are :
___ The active constituents are not well understood at present,

and the nomenclature of different authorities is confused.
- Narcotic; analgesic ; sedative. :
~ Employed i in neuralgia, insomnia, delirium tremens, hys-

ie ten, headache, and chorea.

~ STANDARDIZED Propucts:
ao Fluid Extract Indian Cannabis (U. S. P.); tested
a physiologically. Average dose; 1 min.

| F luid Extract Cannabis Americana; tested physio- 3
- logically. | Average dose, | min.

ae Tincture Indian Cannabis {U; Ss Pp. ); tested physio-
- logically. Average dose, 10 mins. 4
‘Solid Extract Indian Cannabis (U. S. P.); tested
physiologically. _ Average dose, 1-5 gr.
‘Solid Extract Cannabis Americana; tested POSer
“Cally, Average dose, 1-5 gr.

Powdered Extract Indian Cannabis: tested phpae
logically. Dose, 1 1-2 gr. to 4 grs.

Pills Cannabis Indica extract, 1-4 gr. and |-2 gr. 3
Tablet Triturates Cannabis Indica extract, 1-10 gr..
(18s gr, oa 7 Cannabis Indica tincture .

13

less costly. | The imported Cannabis varies extremely in
activity and much of it is practically inert or flagrantly
adulterated; so that the greatest watchfulness is necessary
to insure getting a drug of good quality. We test our
products of Cannabis physiologically—on dogs; this 1s
essential, for the chemical estimation of the resin is no guide
to the value of the drug. A standard dose of the lot to
be tested is administered in capsule to a dog of average
nervous sensibility. The effect of this dose is carefully
compared with that of a similar dose of standard Cannabis
administered to another dog at the same time and under the
same conditions. The doses are then reversed; that is, the
dog that has received the test dose receives a dose of the
‘standard drug, and a second observation is made. A test
dose is finally reached that will produce the same action as
the dose of the standard; and the amount of dilution or

concentration necessary to bring the tested product to the -
required strength is determined. The degree of accuracy
with which the test is carried out depends largely upon the ~
experience and care of the observer.

: | 4
= known as Peruvian Bark.
The dried bark of Cinchona calisaya (yellow), Cinchone

_ tucujensis (pale), and Cinchona succirubra (red) is used, j
The last-named is richest in alkaloids,

The chief constituents of the bark are quinine, quinidine, —
- dachonidine, and cinchonine.

Tonic; antiperiodic. 3
: Employed i in malaria, anorexia, aihiy:

°

STANDARDIZED Propucts:

| Pid Extract Cinchona, U. S. P.; standard, 4%
~ ether-soluble alkaloids, anhydrous. Average dose,

Va

a Pi Extract. Ginchona, detannated, Dose, 1-2 to
: oo eee

Fluid Filet Cadac. aes standard, 3% ether-
soluble alkaloids. Dose, 1-2 to 1 fl. dr.
- Fluid ‘Extract Cinchona, red; standard, 5% anhy-

: ~ drous alkaloids. Dose, 1-4 to 1 fl, dr.

‘Ale several ‘compound fluid extracts.

Tincture Cinchona, 295 S. P.; standard, 0. aa
anhydrous cether-soluble ek Average dose,

~

15

Solid Extract Cinchona, pale; standard, 12% ether-

soluble alkaloids. Dose, 5 to 25 grs.

Solid Extract Cinchona, red; standard, 20% alka-
loids. Dose, 5 grs. and upwards, :

Powdered Extract Cinchona; standard, 16% ether-
soluble alkaloids. Dose, 10 to 30 grs.

Elixir Calisaya bark, 40 grs. to the fluidounce.

Elixir Calisaya alkaloids; each fluidounce represents
40 grs. of the bark.

Wine Cinchona Calisaya bark, 40 grs, to the fluid-
ounce. on

Esencia de Calisaya. A very saleable preparation
of cinchona calisaya bark; each fluidounce repre-—
sents 24 grs.

Pills and Compressed Tablets of quinine abe
quinine bisulphate, quinine arsenate, quinidine sul-—
phate, cinchonidine dihydrobromide, cinchonidine
salicylate, and cinchonidine are aes in various
grainages, os

Also many scabs | in Aisi. pill and tablet form. a

Note.—According to pharmacologists there are. seventy-
three false cinchonas, and defective and even worthless
barks are plentiful in the market. None of this shoddy =
Egos fade admittance to our | ametinast st purchase oe

16
COCA,

The dry leaves of Erythroxylon Coca .(Lamarck) are
used.

Contains several alkaloids, chief of which is cocaine 4
(chemically, methyl-benzoyl-ecgonine). Contains also a a
small amount of tannic acid.

Stimulant; tonic; restorative. 4

Useful in nervous and muscular debility; in convalescence
from specific fevers; and in mental exhaustion. =
Most often utilized in the form of cocaine, as a local
anesthetic in minor surgery and as an internal remedy in
gastrodynia and excessive vomiting.

STANDARDIZED PrRopucts:

Fluid Extract Coca, U. S. P.; standard, 0.5% ether- 3
soluble alkaloids. Average dose, 30 mins. —

Fluid Extract Coca, Miscible; standard, 0.5% ether-
soluble alkaloids. Dose, 1-2 to | fl. dr.

Solid Extract Coca; standard, 2% ether-soluble alka- —
loid (cocaine). Dose, 10 to 25 ers. a
Powdered Extract Coca; standard, 2% ether-soluble 4
alkaloid (cocaine). Dose, 10 to 25 grs. 2
Wine of Coca.

_ Each fluidounce represents 60 grs. of 3
the drug. | Br ae a

- Hypodermatic Tablets of Cocaine hydrochloride, 1-12
ee 1-2 gr. m a
Tablet Triturates of Cocai

ae: sou
ae \ dh timieaeiadiatc

Convallaria majalis—Lily -of-the-valley.

17

Cocaine Hydrochloride Tablets, Soluble, se gis.
and 214 grs.

Cocaine Hydrochloride Solutions, 2% and 4%, with
Chloretone.

Also combinations in pill, elixir, wine, and tablet form.

Note.—The value of Coca leaves depends largely upon
the manner in which they are harvested; the choice leaves
in commerce are those which have been picked by hand
and in warm, dry weather so that they may be dried in as
short a period as possible; undue exposure to the sun has a
bad influence upon the alkaloids—the cocaine is apt fo split
up into several substances (among which is a base called 5
ecgonine) that have totally different properties. ‘We not
only obtain our crude drug from trustworthy sources, but =
test all purchases by assay, and apply the alkaloidal test to =
the finished products.

COLCHICUM.

AXo callet Meadow Sapien ee
The root and seed of Colchicum cutumnale (inn) )
ops Sr
Colchicine, an ‘slkaieid 3 is “the ine ‘constituent. eS
Sedative; alterative; diuretic; -empectorant._ os

vee Soe 18 d
_ Fluid Extract Colchicum seed (U. S, P.); standard,
0.4% colchicine. Average dose, 3 mins,

Tincture Colchicum seed (U. S. P.); standard,
0.04% colchicine. Average dose, 30 mins.

Solid Extract Colchicum conn 10),-8. P.); i
(1.4% colchicine. Average dose, | gr.

evden Extract Colchicum root; standard, 1.4%
colchicine. Dose, 1-3 gr. to IV grs.

- Powdered Extinct Coichicats seed; standard, | 8%
: . colchicine, Dose, 1-3 gr. to 114 grs. ;
= Wine Clehicam ro (U.S, P. 1890), 40 Gm. in

Wine Calcium seed w. =. P.), 10 Gm. in ws
‘Cen

| S Prince Colchicum Fes fluid extract, | min.

Tablet Trit urate Colchicum seed, tincture (U. S.
5 ae 5 mins, ae

Pill Colchicine, ; 0 gr =

19
CONIUM.
Also known as Poison Hemlock.
The full-grown but unripe fruit of Conium Pasilalai
(Linne) is used. oe
Contains several alkaloids, but chiefly coniine, which is a
‘pyridine derivative. |
Antispasmodic; sedative; anodyne,
Of value in chorea, whooping-cough, and mania; locally
in pleuritis and neuralgia.
STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS: ; .
Fluid Extract Conium leaves. Dose, 5 to 20 mins. |
Fluid Extract Conium (U. . P.); standard, 0. as
coniine. Average dose, 3 mins. es
Solid Extract Conium leaves Dose, 2 to 5 ers.
Solid Extract Conium fruit; standard, ae: coniine.
Dose, | to 3 grs. ae 2
Powdered Extract Conium fenrakes ‘Dass: 2 to Son
Tablet Triturate Conium fruit, tincture, | min.
Hypodermatic Tablet Coniine hydrobromide, x 1-8 ae . a
Also various combinations. eon

NotE.—This powerful drug stot a pe a :
for the ogee? af, segs oe strict 2 S over c aie

20

_ from the leaves. Commercial Conium sometimes contains
other umbelliferous plants or it may be wholly composed of
such. plants, and even anise has been used as an adulterant

= © othe frat”

nS CONVALLARIA.
Algo known as ie 7
The dried | thizome and roots of Convallaria majo
; (Linne) are used.
Contains two. ae and convallamarin.
Cardiac tonic; diuretic.
Serviceable i in es affections of the heart and i in

_ STANI ARDIZED Propucrs:

luid Extract Convallaria (wu. S. P.); tested physio
—. ly.: — = 200 heart tonic units*

2 systematic tests on Ii Ao : The Seudae 3 is similar i
that carried out — Ao see and other heat

see

Digitalis purpurea—F oxglove.

21

are desired the tincture in full doses can be given in hot

water. Its best effects are seen in the dropsy of heart
disease.”

DIGITALIS.

Also known as Foxglove, poet

The dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea are wed

Contains several _agtitorenas among which are digitalin,
digitoxin and digitonin.

Heart tonic; diuretic. __ oe

Employed in myocarditis, mate dilstation: aterak
palpitation, renal dropsy secondary to hypertrophy | with |
failing compensation, and cardiac disease ins general when
the nervo-muscular structures of = heart-wall pee ae .

STANDARDIZED Propucts: nee se Ae
F luid Extract Disialis sa) Ss. ee “Average dose,
ae :
Fluid Rxirhiet Dee ee. D.& a jena be
siologically. aver dose, a heart tonic: units®
od min.).

Finck Daily Ww. s P); — me bipgically
_ Average dose, 6 heart tonic units™ (5 Lampants :

: 2 2
- Powdered Extract Digitalis; tested physiologically.
Average dose, 2 heart tonic units* (about 1-5 gr.).
_ Concentration Digitalisin.
Digitalone, a refined preparation of digitalis leaves,
suitable for oral and hypodermatic use; free from
alcohol and extraneous matter, and consequently
non-irritating. Dose, 15 to 30 minims; hypoder-
matic dose, 8 to 15 minims.
ee Tablet Triturates Digitalis fluid extract, 1-10, 1-2
and | min., and ee tincture , oe ade Po Be
es min. to 5 mins. 2
Pills of Digitalin, pure eames); 1-100 gr. and
cee 1-60 gr., and of Digitalis extract, 1-2 gr.
: — Tablets and Tablet Triturates of
, Digitalin, pure (German), 1-500 gr. to 1-2 gr.
oe ‘Nes various combinations i in pill and tablet form.

~ Norte. othe ‘above products are made from the best
naib second-year Jeaves—botanically and microscop-.
ically verified. On account of the delicate structure of the
glucoside present, the leaves. must be extracted with great

_ care, and they cannot be assayed chemically; the medicinal
value of Digitalis can be gauged only by determining its
effects upon living animals, — The: minimum fatal dose of
the drug per gramme of body 1 veight, for standard test —
a ies is oe ermini g various sized doses into

23

ERGOT. : ee
Also known as Secale C ornutum, or spurred rye. oe :
The sclerotium of the fungus Claviceps purpurea
(Fries), appearing on rye and other vegetation. © : .
The chemistry of ergot is much confused and different: eS

authorities recognize different alkaloidal or glucosidal bodies =

as the chief active principles. In some cases the same
name is given to different bodies, and vice versa. _ Among :

the constituents stated to occur in ergot are cornutin

ie ‘ eS ( — and Carr) ; ergotin: ‘koe : :

os =
Ergone. A liquid form of ergot which may be ad-
ministered internally or subcutaneously; it is puri-
fied and physiologically standardized and is equiv-
alent, minim for minim, to the official fluid extract
when the latter is made from best quality drug.
Every lot of Ergone is tested upon animals to

- prove its freedom from irritating properties and its

normal potency. Dose, 30 to 60 minims; hypo-

dermatic dose, 15 to 30 minims.

Era Aseplic. This is a more concentrated form of
ergot than the preceding—each cubic centimeter is
oe equivalent to 2 grammes of crude drug of normal
12 activity. ‘Exgotinic acid, on account of its irritat-

ing properties, is eliminated—as_ in the case of
ae Ergone—but no preservative is added. Ergot
ue Aseptic i 1s intended especially for hypodermatic ad-

ministration. Dose, the contents of one bulb,

administered eats: by ree 15 to 30
minims,

“Pas and Tables of Extn iSicejem); I- 10 gr. to
ers, oe

Also various “cotabiaations i in pill and tablet form.

Note.—A prominent pharmacologist says set Ergot:

as is advisable —* utter a a warnin against the use of ergot ae

Claviceps purpurea—Ergot of Rye.

25
exercise the greatest care to cleanse the crude drug thor-
oughly and to percolate it in such a manner as to preserve
its active principles. Because of the impossibility of select-
ing and accurately separating any definite active principle,
a physiological assay is the only one suitable for deter-
mining the value of ergot and its preparations. The estima-
tion of ergot according to the weight of the ergotinic or
sclerotic acid it contains is fallacious; this method we dis-
carded long ago, having learned that ergotinic acid is not
the desirable active principle of the drug, but one which
exerts a dangerously depressing influence upon the nerve
centers without producing any hemostatic effect. We test
our ergot preparations on cocks, the combs of which are
peculiarly susceptible to an active product; the adminis-
tration of appropriate doses of such a product is followed
by characteristic blackening or blanching of the comb and
wattles, due to the astringent effect of the ergot upon
unstriated muscle fibre, particularly that surrounding the

arterioles,

GELSEMIUM.

Also known as Yellow Jessamine. 7
The dried rhizome and roots of Gelsemium sempervirens

(Linne) are used. _ :

Contains two alkaloids, cul and erlang, and ee
crystalline substance, oe acid. | :
Nervine; antispasmo ra

os ps ea
: = Siwareaen Suc:
= Fluid Extract Gelsemium (U. S. P.); standard,
mast 5% alkaloids. Average dose, | min.

Fld ‘Extract Gelsemium, fresh root; standard,
0.25% alkaloids. Dose, | to 10 mins.

eo Gelsemium (U. S. P.); standard, 0.05%
alkaloids. Average dose, 8 mins. |

fe vie Powdered Extract Gelsemium; eanderd, — alka-
loids. Dose, 1-5 to I gr.

} Conicbitialion: Gelsemperin. ‘m
ablet T riturates: Gelsemium ‘tincture, 3 oa 5

, eae T. ables Getenine hydrochloride, 1-50

GUAIAC,

The resin of the wood of Guaiacum ies (Linne) .
or of Guaiacum sanctum (Linne) is used.

Contains several resin acids, as well as a coloring matter |
known as guaiac yellow.

Alterative; diuretic; laxative. — rae

Useful in gout, rheumatism, scrofula, phils, and t ton ue
sillitis.

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS: : : ;
Fluid Guaiac (for rij : standard 60% resin, ee
Dose, 15 to 60 mins. |
Fluid Extract Guaiacum Mood: Dele; 101 to 5 20: ins,
Tincture Cake (U. a ae Average dose, 1 fA

Compressed Tablet Guaiac, 2 a ae

Lozenge Guaiac, 2 grs.

Also various combinations in > il, syrup and tablet
form.

Note.—Moreo or + les sophie Guaiac resin is offe:

BS Some pe ae
o oficial Fequin me

28
makes a good gargle: Tincture Guaiac, ammoniated, 3iv;
Tincture Thuja, 3ii; Potassium chlorate, 3ii; Tincture Cin-

chona Compound, 3ii; Powdered Acacia, q.s.; Aque, q-5.
ad 3iv.

GUARANA.

Also known as Brazilian Cocoa.

A dried paste consisting chiefly of the crushed seed of
Paullinia cupana (Kunth).

Contains the alkaloid caffeine and free tannic acid.

Stimulant; antineuralgic; astringent.

Serviceable in headache, migraine, and diarrhea.

STANDARDIZED Propucts:

Fluid Extract Guarana (U. S, P.); standard, 3.5%
alkaloids. Average dose, 30 mins.

Elixir Guarana (N. F.); each fluidounce represents
96 grs. of the drug.

Also combinations in pill and elixir form,

Note.—For these products we employ a crude material
which, according to assay by the official process, yields not
less than 3.5% of its peculiar alkaloidal principles. The
activity of the drug is largely dependent upon its caffeine,
of which it contains from 3 to 4%, although the percentage
of tannin present is large enough to render Guarana

products appreciably astringent in iment of atonic
_ chronic diarrhea, mae JB

Gelsemium sempervirens—Yellow Jessamine.

i 29
HOANG-NAN. pete
The bark of Sirychnos malaccensis (Bentham).

Contains the alkaloids brucine and strychnine.
For properties and uses, see Nux Vomica.

STANDARDIZED PRopUCT:

Fluid Hoang-Nan (concentrated Gactate) standard,
1% alkaloids. Dose, 3 to 10 mins.

Note.—The therapeutic effects of Hoang-Nan are very
similar to those of nux vomica. Specific virtues have been
claimed for it in the treatment of leprosy and other chronic —
skin diseases, but it is likely that the gocd results observed.
were due, rather, to its ‘influence in promoting general oe
nutrition. ‘“The drug has a wide range of applicability | , eee
a roborant—in exhaustion of the muscles. and torpor of the
glandular organs; it sharpens the wits and renders the body
more active and disposed to work, This stimulant a ion
is not followed by an enfeebling reaction; the dose may
repeated daily for years: without i mpairr net
nee e

HYDRASTIS,

30

leucorrhea, and atonic gastritis; locally in hemorrhoids and
ulcerations of mucous surfaces.

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS:

Fluid Extract Hydrastis (U. S. P.); standard, 2%
hydrastine. Average dose, 30 mins.

Fluid Golden-seal, colorless. Depends upon the white —
alkaloid hydrastine for its activity. Dose, 10 to
60 mins.

- Fluid Golden-seal, aqueous ; Fore 1% hydrastine.
Dose, 10 to 30 mins.
Tincture Hydrastis (U, S. P.); standard, 0.4% |
; hydrastine. Average dose, 60 mins.
. Solid Exiract Hydrastis; standard, 8% a
Dose, 2 to 10 grs,
Powdered Exiract Hydrastis; standard, 8% hydras-
tine. Dose, 2 to 10 grs. :
Concentration Hydrastin. Not the white alkaloid
_ hydrastine, but a mixture of Aoeieastine and ber-
berins
T. ablet Tdjiraléx Fines picks 1, 2 and 3 mins.;
~ Hydrastin (concentration) , 1-20 gr.; and Hydras-
_ tine (white alkaloid), 1-16 gt, 16 er. and 1-4 gr.
Also Various ‘combinations,

: _ Note—We employ i. crude drug wicks when assayed
“= the official process, yields not ot thames 2.5%

31

chloride, and hydrastine sulphate—all of unquestionable
purity. As an injection in gonorrhea 5 grains of hydrastine —
to each ounce of water may be employed twice a day; or
40 to 80 minims of the fluid extract to the fluidounce
instead.

HYOSCYAMUS.

Also known as Henbane.

The dried leaves and flowering tops of Hovananen
niger are used.

Contains three alkaloids—chiefly hyoscyamine and hyos-
cine, and, in very small quantity, atropine.

Antispasmodic; sedative; hypnotic. .

Employed in insomnia, hysteria, spasmodic cough, head-
ache, delirium tremens, and emphysema.

STANDARDIZED Paosucts:

Flad Extinct Hyoscyamus (U, S. P): lenied :
0.075 % mydriatic alkaloids. ent tsi Se
mins. ae

Tincture Hyoscyamus (U. s. P); ike 0.007% :
mydriatic alkaloids. Average dose, 30 n mins.

Solid Extract Hyoseyamus c

32

. Tablet Orr je extract, 86, 1-4 and
2 ghes -Hyoscyamus fluid extract, | min.; and

a ~ Hyoscyamus tincture. (U. S. F.), 2-and 5 mins.
= PB. Hypodermatic Tablets, and Tablet Triturates

of Hyoscine hydrobromide, Hyoscyamine (pure),
and Hyoscyamine sulphate, 1-200 gr. to 1-50 gr.

oo Also various combinations,

Nore. Thee are. Patouk ghver Gown species of Hyos-
-cyamus- and several varieties of the official drug; the latter
_ exhibit a wide difference in. medicinal properties. We use
the crude drug collected from biennial plants of the second-

‘Year growth, yielding, 1 upon assay, not less than 0. 08% of
loids. Leaves of the first-year growth are
in other laboratories, but as a rule they are

t worthless, Recently Hy voscyamus Muticus, collected
Egypt, has been introduced and used to some extent
ecause of its” low cost. This variety should never be
employed ; ee differs from the official drug. in its active

Ae paths
V7 {(b Uy)

t
j
FO ote ABE

Hydrastis Canadensis—Golden-seal.

33 = 6 i E
IGNATIA.

The seeds of Sirychnos Ignatii (Bavact are eS

Contains strychnine and nee ee 2 more
of the former than nux vomica contains.

Its medicinal properties and uses are the same as s those
of nux vomica. ee

STANDARDIZE Propucts: ono ee ee
Fluid Extract Ignatia; Hens 13% 3 alkalis

Dose, | to 10 mins., cautiously. : .
Solid Extract Ignatia; standard, 6% allalids. Dose ee

1-6 to I gr, cautiously. ne =
Tablet Triturates of Ignatia, 1- 10 Bs , and of Tat ae

tincture, 1 min, and 5 mins. =
Also various combinations i in rill clini “ tablet for. ;

NoTrEe.—These products are prepared from authentic
seeds and may be depended upon to produce the true effects
of the drug. “‘Ignatia appears to possess a tonic influence
over the nervous system not belonging to nux vomica. It is”

never a remedy for conditions of excitation of the nervous

system, but its keynote is alony; it is a remedy for “nervous: .
debility. It should be thought of i in anemic states of the ~
ee cases where the apes exhibits hysterical, melan-

remedy i :

34
IPECAC.

The dried root of Cephaelis Ipecacuanha (Brotero) or
Cephaelis acuminata (Karst).

Contains three alkaloids—emetine, cephaeline, and psycho-
trine—and a glucoside known as ipecacuanhic acid.

Expectorant; emetic; diaphoretic.

Used in croup, bronchitis, pulmonary hemorrhage, and
as an emetic in poisoning.

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTs:

Fluid Extract Ipecac, Rio (U. S. P.); standard,
eo | 3% alkaloids. Average doses: expectorant, 1
_ min.; emetic, 15 mins.

Fluid Extract Ipecac, Carthagena (U.S. P.); stan-
dard, 1.5% alkaloids. Dosage same as above.

Solid Extract Ipecac; standard, 8% atkaloids: Dose,
1-20 to 1-2 gr.

Wine of Ipecac (U. S. P.), 10 Gm. in 100 Ce.
Syrup of Ipecac (U. S. P.), 7 Gm, in 100 Cc.

Tablet Triturates of Ipecac fluid extract, | min., and
_ of Ipecac powdered, 1-100 gr. to 1-2 gr.

Also various combinations.

ee Note. —Many official species at = are known to
hart ists, some of which are tee for the true

35 eet
plant. We assay all our Ipecac products very carefully —
on account of this inconstancy in the isuamives of active :
principles, ee

JALAP.
The dried tuberous root of Exogonium purga (Bex Ss

tham) in used.

Contains a hard resin, insoluble in siker (convolvalin)
and a much smaller amount of a soft oie ime resin
(jalapin). |

Cathartic; hydragogue; diuretic; afifeliantie -

Useful in the treatment of Spey —— and

‘worms,

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS: an =k
Fluid Extract Jalap (N. F. ); ‘paidard: 64 oil .
soluble resin. Average dose, 15 mins. :
Powdered Extract Jalap; standard, 32% alcohol :
soluble resin. Dow 2 65 et
Concentration Jalapin Gialap resin, U. ‘S. is -
Also various combinations. : :
NotE.—The Jalap of the market is “frequently adulter
ated with or substituted by the cheaper Tampico jalap and :

male jalap or Orizaba root, and a pr
-Stown — has also been or : The:

first tivo possess in os

sroduct known as over-

The nuts of Cola acuminata (Schott and Endlicher) are
used, —
Contains caffeine and theobromine S
Stimulant; tonic. Le

Used in muscular = nervous “debility enki in cardiac
weakness.

Sigonsk oe

Fluid Extract Kola Nut (P. D. & Co.); standard,
1% alkaloid. Dose, 10° to 30 mins,

: Fluid Extract Kola, fresh nut; ‘standard, 0. 65%
eo alkaloid. Dose, 10 to 30 mins. _

Pada Extract Kola. ea standard, 1, 4% alkaloid.
Dose, 2 to 5 grs. See sas,

: Wine of Kola; each fuidounce represents 60 grs. of
the drug.

Cordial. AR sis preparation of the drug.
each fluidounce of which | oe 120 = of
- selected Kola mit.

| : Compressed Tablets of Kola Nut 5 ars., and of Kola
Nut extract, 2 WE:

“Alto two or hree combinations i in lx sea

37
NUX VOMICA.
Also known as Quaker Button, Dog Button, Poison Nut.
The dried ripe seed of Strychnos Nux-Vomica (Linne).
Contains two alkaloids—strychnine and brucine.
Stimulant; tonic; stomachic.
Employed in paralysis, neuralgia, chorea, epilepsy, alco-
holism, collapse, insomnia, and emphysema.

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS:
Fluid Extract Nux Vomica (U. S. P.); standard,
1% strychnine. Average dose, 1 min,
Tincture Nux Vomica (U. S. P.); standard, 0.1%
strychnine. Average dose, 10 mins.
Solid Extract Nux Vomica; standard, 5% steychaine:
Average dose, 1-4 gr.
Powdered Extract Nux Vomica (U. S. P.); stan-
dard, 5% strychnine. Average dose, 1-4 gr.
Pills Nux Vomica extract, 1-8 gr., 1-4 gr. and 1-2 gr. st
Pink Granule Nux Vomica, 1-50 gr. eee 4 é
Chocolate-coated Tablets Nux Vomica extract, fs
and |-2 gr.
ae Triturates Nux ee extr
r. and 1-2 gr.; Nux Vor
ene and Nux Vomica |
1-10 gr. and 1-4 gr.
Pills, Hypodermatic Ta

38

nine esas 1-100 gr. to 1-30 gr.; Strychnine
sulphate, 1-1000 gr. to 1-16 gr.

Also a number of combinations in various forms.

Note.—The above products are made from crude
material yielding no less than 1.25% of strychnine when
assayed by the official method; they are carefully adjusted
to a definite strength so that each dose is uniform and
positive as regards alkaloidal content. Our hypodermatic
tablets and other products of the alkaloid or alkaloidal salts
: contain exactly the amount of medicament specified, and in
its very purest form.

OPIUM.

The concrete milky exudation from the unripe capsules
of Papaver somniferum (Linne) is used. :

Contains numerous alkaloids, the most important being
morphine, codeine, narcotine, and narceine.

Heroin» Leieanesys morphine) i is an ee derivative of
‘morphine.

-Anodyne, narcotic, bphalic: and antispasmodic.

~ Serviceable for the relief of pain and nervous irritabil-
_ ity—in neuralgia, colic, spasms, delirium tremens, pleurisy,

39

Fluid Opium camphorated. Each fluidounce contains
134 grains of crystallized morphine, equal to 2 1-5
grains morphine sulphate. Designed for the extem-
poraneous preparation of the tincture. Dose, 8 to
20 mins.

Tincture Opium camphorated (U. ar. each fluid-
ounce contains 0.22 grain (approximately 14 gr.)
crystallized morphine, equal to 11-40 grain mor-
phine sulphate. Average dose, 2 fluidrachms.

Tincture Opium deodorized (U.S, P.); each fluid-
ounce contans 51/4 grains of crystallized morphine,
equal to 67 grains morphine sulphate. bye a
dose, 8 mins.

Tincture Opium (VU. S. P. ); each Wunders contains
51% grains crystallized morphine, equal to 67%
grains morphine sulphate. Average dose, 8 mins.

Solid Extract Opium; standard, 20% crystallized —
morphine. Dose, 1-4 to I gr.

Powdered Extract Opium Ww, hoe gee Fe sccuids ue
20% crystallized morphine. Average dose, I-2 gr.

Pills Opium, 1-2 gr.; Opium (U. > ce ve oe
Opium extract, 1-4 gr., 1-2 gr. and |

Chocolate-coated Tablets of
tincture, 10 mins. and of C es

Tablet T riturates Dp jur m

40

chloride, 1-8 gr. to 1-2 gr.; Morphine meconate,
1-4 gx.; Morphine phthalate, 1-4 gr.; Morphine
sulphate, 1-50 gr. to 1-2 gr.; Morphine valerianate,
1-8 gr.; Codeine, 1-10 gr. to | gr.; Codeine phos-
phate, 1-8 gr., 1-4 gr. and 1-2 gr.; Codeine sul-
phate, 1-10 gr. to 1 gr.

Also many combinations of the drug and its alkaloids
in various forms.

Note.—-Not a few unofficial varieties of Opium find
their way into the market. The drug is often falsified and
extensively adulterated with ash, flour, gum arabic, clay.
and pitch. Good Opium contains roughly one-sixth its
weight in alkaloids; we select for our use Opium assaying
no less than 9% of crystallized morphine. All our Opium

products may be depended upon to be absolutely true to
label.

-PHYSOSTIGMA, Sh
Also known as Calabar Bean.
The ripe seed of Physostigma yenenosum (Balfour) is
used. =

Contains an n important alkaloid—physostigmine, or eserine.
_ Analgesic; peje sedatives ~~ Se

Strychnos Nux-vomica—Poison Nut.

41

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS: _ =
Fluid Extract Physostigma; shade 0. 15% Sse
soluble alkaloids. Dose, + to 4 mins. —

Tincture Physostigma (U. S. P.); ‘nek a014%
ether-soluble alkaloids. — Average dose, 15 mins,

Solid Extract Musee See ide ethe solu

J; stan

PILOCARPUS.
Also known as Jaborandi.
The leaflets of Pilocarpus Fea (Hela) or of
Pilocarpus microphyllus (Stapf) are used.
Contains three alkaloids—pilocarpine, iso-pilocarpine,
_pilocarpidine—and possibly a fourth. |
_ Diaphoretic; ‘diuretic; myotic; cholagogue. —
Employed in the dropsy of nephritis, in uremia, re
: muscular rheumatism, acute coryza, alopecia, and asthenopia.

o. STANDARDIZED Propucts: ait
| Fluid: | Extract Pilocarpus- (U. S. P.);. standard, |
0. 1% alkaloids. Average dose, 30 mins.

, : /Hypodermatic Tablets Pilocarpine — hydrochloride,
Weed gr. to gay gts ; ot nitrate, 1 1-20 er.
to 1-3 er ee

Tablet Triturates jal fluid exitack, | min.; |
- Pilocarpine hydrochloride, 1- 100 gr. tol-l0 gr.

pa Pilocarpine hydrochloride, - 16 coe

PODOPHYLLUM. . eee

Also called May ‘Apple and Ninel root.

The dried rhizome of Fedopiglion pileia (Line) is
used.

Contains 4 to 5% of resin of complex constitution,

-Cholagogue; cathartic; alterative.

~ Employed in constipation, — theumatism, scrofula, id’
hepatic congestion. —

STANDARDIZED Propucts: :
Fluid Extract Podophyllum (U. Ss. P.); standard,
4.25% resin. Average dose, 8 mins. =
Powdered Extract Podophyllum; standard, AI%
resin. | Dose, itp 5 ers a
Pink Granule Podophyllum resin, 1-40 ¢ er. = es
Cc oncentrations bea koa and Podophyllin yellow. .

~ QUEBRACHO. -
Also known as. spidolpenna.
_ The bark of Aspidosperma Queracho-blanc (Schlech-
eth is used.
Contains several dibnieies, the most ‘important of which
. is aspidospermine, |
oe Antispasmodic respiratory stimulant, ;
Empl oyed i in asthma, spasmodic croup, and dyspnea.

: — STANDARDIZED. Propucr:

| Fluid Extract Quebracho_ (N. F. D) ; stand: 1%
= alkaloids. Dose, ‘15 to 60 mins. sea

| Nore —The flui extract well represents ‘the a ie
-spidompermine of | —— isa | more or less i a ‘mixture

of i its alkaloic

ANGUINARIA, |

Aconitum Napellus—Monkshood; Wolfsbane.

45
Tincture Sanguinaria (U. S. P.); standard, 0.25%
sanguinarine. Average dose, 15 mins,
Concentrations Sanguinariin and Sanguinarine nitrate.
Also various combinations,

NotEe.—The above products are made from crude ma-
terial collected late in the year after the death of the foliage,
when the active principles of the drug are fully developed.
A convenient form in which to administer Sanguinaria is
our standardized tincture. From 5 to 30 minims may be
diluted with an ounce of water, and a teaspoonful of this
administered every one, two or three hours.

SCOPOLA.
The dried rhizome of Scopola carniolica (Jacquin) is
used. : ee
Contains scopolamine or hyoscine, hyoscyamine, and
atropine. :
_ Mydriatic; sedative.
For uses, see Hyoscyamus.

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS:
Solid Extract Scopola (U. S. P. a ee 2%
mydriatic alkaloids. Average dose, I-5 gr.
H eed ae Tablet Scopolamine oo

46

alkaloid scopolamine, which is considered chemically iden-
~ tical with hyoscine, is however employed to some extent in
y ophthalmology, in 0.1 to 0.2% solution; also hypoder-
‘matically in the treatment of mania. Scopolamine and
Morphine are administered conjointly, by the hypodermatic
method, as an aid to ether or chloroform anesthesia.

SQUILL.

The bulb of Urginea maritima (Linne) is the part used,
Contains three active — ccm namely, panes

| cen, and scillin, |

_ Diuretic; stimulant expectorant. : |
. panel in the treatment | * mde iets bronchitis,

"STANDARDIZED PRopucts:

- luid Extract (hydro-alccholic) Squill; tested physio
logically. Dose, | to 10 min. is
| Fliid i tract ee Saul (U. S. P.). “Average ji

fa cha Squill (U. s. Pd). lec anes? 15 mins.
- Syrup Squill oe s. Pd; 100 Ce. — vinegar

: | | a7
STRAMONIUM,
Also known as Thornapple

The dried ripe seeds of Datura Stramonium ( Line) ee

used,

Contains, among other alkaloids chiefly hyoseyamin
and atropine.

For action and uses see Belladonna.

STANDARDIZED PROBUCE.

Fluid Extract Stramonium (U. S. P.); standard,
0.25% mydriatic alkaloids. Average dose, | min.

Fluid Extract Stramonium seed (N. F. ); ‘standard, ia

mis 35% mydriatic alkaloids, Dose, 1 to. 4 mins.
Tincture Stramonium (U. ae a3 ); sadard, 0. 025% :
e mydriatic. alkaloids. | Average dose, 8 mins. — ee
Solid Extract Stramonium (U.S. P.); standard, 1%

mydriatic alkaloids. | Average dose, | 1-5 Lae

‘Solid Extract ‘Stramonium | seed; ‘standard, |
| — alkaloids. Sess “ to a fase :

48
STROPHANTHUS.

The ripe seeds of Strophanthus Kombe (Oliver).

Contains a crystalline glucoside—strophanthin.

Cardiac stimulant; diuretic.
_ Of service in the various affections of the heart in which
digitalis is commonly given. It is reputed to be more
decided in its action and free from cumulative effects; also
that it produces less constriction of the blood-vessels and is
therefore preferable when arterial tension is high.

STANDARDIZED PRODUCTS:

Strophanthone. A refined preparation of Strophan-
thus, of definite and uniform activity—tested phy-
siologically—which may be administered either
orally or hypodermatically. Dose, 15 minims;
hypodermatic dose, 8 minims.

Tincture Strophanthus (U. S. P.); tested physiologi-

cally. Average dose, 600 heart tonic units* (8

- mins.).

Tincture Surichaahise (U.S. -P: 1890); tested
_ physiologically. Average dose, 600 heart tonic

units* (15 mins.). :

ral Strophanthus, 1-20 gr,
_ Tablet Triturates Shee tincture, a 2 and 5

ae :
with seeds of other varieties of the plant, of which ies are :
twenty-eight, containing strophanthin in varying proportions”
or not at all. One sample has been found to contain
ninety times more of the active principle than another. We
use only the seeds of Sirophanthus Kombe, of prime quality.
But as the amount of strophanthin even in the best crude
drug varies considerably, it is necessary to. standardize the
finished preparations, and to do so physiologically, inasmuch es
as no chemical procedure will answer. Our products are

tested on frogs, i in much the same manner as digitalis. We.

= recommend to the P escriber our special preparation of the
me; in this ‘preparation the non-essential © oe

portion of strophanthin in the seed is preserved. _ ‘The
activity of this product is just one-half that of the official
tincture when the latter is prepared from a prime quality of

drug.

*VERATRUM.

Also known as American Hellebore.
The dried rhizome and roots of Veratrum vee (Aiton)

are used.
Contains several alkaloids, most important of which are

protoveratrine and jervine.
Cardiac depressant; diaphoretic; diuretic; febrifuge.
Employed in eclampsia, acute fevers, and mania. =

s STANDARDIZED. Propucts: =

I a ead to a minimum, while the normal pro- :

ncture Vedran w. Ss: Pye ‘standard, 0. cee

wediecd dose, = mins.

: ‘min, sae as mins,
_ This i is an aseptic, non-irritating Poe :

a Bae. 15 to 30 minims ; ae
8 to 151 minims. oe