a

I, 8 mB

VOL. V. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBER, 1g00. No. 4-5

PRELIMINARY NOTES ON WEST-COAST POR-
i PHYRAS.*

Mts UR AUS

Up toa few years ago our knowledge of the members of the
genus Porphyra occurring on the West Coast of North America,
was exceedingly meager. But few efforts had been made to dis-
tinguish between the various species, the names ?. vulgaris or
P. laciniata, being applied to them all.

J. G. Agardh (’82) reported P. perforata and P. coccinea (P.
naiadum ?) from the Pacific Coast. In 1891 Dr. Anderson added
two new species, P. naiadum and P. Nereocystis, while Tilden
('98) credited four species of Porphyra to the Pacific Coast, viz.,
P. miniata, P. naiadum, P. leucosticta, and P. laciniata.

Some of the species above mentioned, proved, on examination,
to be identical with others, so that, up to 1899, there had been
reported from the West Coast of North America but four species,
viz., P. perforata, P. naiadum, P. Nereocystis, and. P. miniata.
To this number we have added nine species or varieties, among
which there are four new ones.

This notice is intended merely as a preliminary, awaiting the
publication of the author’s carefully prepared notes and drawings.

KEY.
© sitgle gona cm dg-epssiptemmaaions Lae EOE gt le ae ean 2
«Sige able sees earn Ce OE ET EU ERE OE eee 7
Fronds monostromatic or distromatic ..........:.c:ccssssesesssseseee soceee css. II
2. Base cushion-shaped, consisting of parenchymatous cells.....P. naiadum.

SE A ee Eee eC he
*Contributions from the Botanical Laboratories of the University of California. No. 12.

62 West-Coast Porphyras. [ ZOE

3: 32 spores in each sporocarp

esc PeiUiy usb Cue ister detatees ercied cues oes cp wee 4

8 spores in each sporocarp.............. Eee SES Rie eer es ary eee 6
he BE OCIS oe on A ie coos songs Laie ss oens
Bo MATONCS: GICECIONS aie... ck pcs sekahes se he A ees P. perforata f. lanceolata.
5. Fronds brown-purple, 45-150 thick ..,..0..0.cc cic. sesdesssonveees P. perforata.

Fronds brown-purple, 60,, thick, with thick partition walls.................

P. perforata f. segregata.
Fronds red-purple, 25-60,, thick, with thin partition walls...................

P. Nereocystis.

Gy PRORGs HibMCMONN Sic 5c ts Seek ap es aie P. leucosticta.

Fronds dicecious ..... apssie Meme & eT etic es ee P. laciniata.

. Je Teronos MOncetOus <7. ces ek flaca sechbeveuccueds nabecdl t. eS oer 8

Posts apparently dicecions 20.6 cc , 10

8. 16 antherozoids in each antheridium ........ ......ccccceeeeeeees P. amplissima.

& MUUMETOSOIGS 18 CSCH ANLDCTIC IRE gis. iservicse sh censd cote csr ve ©

Q- Mrotids 25) thick, except at base 3 i.c..i.s.ics cise P. tenuissima.
SPOTS BO 75 if IGN ic iae cceretvad pica emcees P. miniata f. cuneiformis. —

10s: FIM 100-2904 THICK Sb sdcceenieces PRR ST pee pre P. variegata.

BLOUGS 45-750 THUR 25 sss isos ON Gos ee a ee.

TY. Fronds 25) thick cys. cj, ccdssessscckesless cig-udcesvescecetes ots eee: we EI

PORPHYRA LACINIATA (Lightf.) Ag. Syst. Alg., p. 190, 1824.

P. laciniata is distinguished from ?. perforata and from P.
leucosticta, with which it has frequently been confounded, by the
thickness of the frond (30-45), by its dicecious (rarely monce-
cious) character, and by the number of reproductive bodies:—
each sporocarp containing 8 (or 16) carpospores and each an-
theridium containing 64 (or 128) antherozoids.

Habitat. On rocks, or epiphytic on Fucus evanescens.
Throughout the litoral and upper sublitoral zones.

Distribution. What the author believes to be the P. /acin-
tata of European authors, appears, as far as can be judged
from collections examined, to be limited to the shores of Alaska
(61°-54° N. lat.).

Localities. Orca, Alaska, W. A. Setchell No. 5164/; Vakutat,
Alaska, Rev. Albin Johnson No. 14/; Uyak Bay, Kadiak Isl.,
Alaska, W. A. Setchell No. 5099/; Amaknak Isl., Alaska, WW. A.
Setchell No. 3270! No. 3269!

PORPHYRA LACINIATA F, UMBILICALIS Ag., Icones Alg., Tab.
26, 1828.

VOL. 5 | West-Coast Porphyras. 63

Distribution. Pribilof : Islands, Bering Sea, U. S. S. Albatross!
(according to Setchell’99) (57° N. lat).

PORPHYRA LEUCOSTICTA Thur. in le Jolis, Liste des Algues

Marines de Cherbourg, p. 100, 1863.

P. leucosticta is distinguished from /. /aciniata by its monce-
cious character, and from /. perforata by the thickness of the
frond (25-50”), by the peculiar arrangement of the antheridia
which form’ small, narrow, yellowish patches along the dark
cerise sporocarps, and further by the number of reproductive
bodies:—each sporocarp containing 8 carpospores and each
antheridium containing 64 antherozoids, usually arranged in the
form of two hollow spheres.

flabitat. On rocks and epiphytic on algze. Lower litoral and
sublitoral zones. March to May.

Distribution. 'This species appears to be limited, on the Pa-
cific Coast, to a single locality, Monterey Bay, Calif. (36° 45’

* Wi tot, ),

Localities. Pacific Grove, Calif.; 47. 4d. Howe!; Mrs. J. M.
Weeks!; W. A. Setchell No. 576r/;, Santa. Cruz, Calif., A/rs.
J. M. Weeks! :

PORPHYRA PERFORATA J. Ag. Till Alg. Syst. VI, p. 69,
1882.

The perforate condition of the fronds m this species does not
appear to be characteristic.

P. perforata appears to be the most common of all species of
Porphyra of the Pacific Coast, and wherever it occurs is usually
found in great profusion.

P. perforata differs from P. iucucaee by its moncecious char-
acter and by the number of reproductive bodies:—each sporocarp
containing 32 carpospores and each antheridium containing 128
antherozoids.

Flabitat. On rocks, wood, and barnacles. Epiphytic on
Zostera, Phyllospadix, Nitophyllum, Fucus, and Gigartina.
Throughout the litoral and in the upper part of the sublitoral
zones. January to December. _

64 , West-Coast Porphyras. [zor

Distribution. This species appears to be confined to the Pacific
Coast, where it occurs from Alaska to Southern California (61°—
32°20’ N. lat.).

Localities. Orca, Alaska, W. A. Setchell No. 5159!; Glacier
Bay, Alaska, de A. Saunders No. roo/; Baranof Isl., Alaska, de
A. Saunders No. 130!; Shumagin Isl., Alaska, de A. Saunders
No. 394/; Chehalis Bay, Wash., Ralph Emerson, No. 1792/,; Cres-
cent City, del Norte Co., Calif., WH. Aus’; Trinidad, Humboldt
Co., Calif.; A. Hus/; Duxbury Reef, Marin Co., Calif., W. A.
Setchell No. 1055! H. Hus/; Farallone Isl., Calif., H. Hus/; Land’s
End, San Francisco, Calif., W. A. Setchell No. 2034! HT. Hus!;
Monterey, Calif., W. A. Setchell! H. Hus!; San Simeon Bay,
Calif., Dr. Palmer!/; Port Harford, Calif., W. A. Setchell No.
7139/; Santa Barbara, Calif., Mrs. Cooper!; San Diego, Calif.,
Miss Reed!

PORPHYRA PERFORATA F. SEGREGATA Setchell et Hus MS.

Membranous, 2-20 cm. long, 1-8 cm. broad; oblong lanceolate
with undulate margin, often much expanded and laciniate; base
more or less umbilicate; attached by a disc; gray to brown-purple,
becoming blue-purple on drying; monostromatic; vegetative
part of frond 607 thick; cells square or slightly higher than
‘broad; surface jelly thick, often forming one-half the thickness
of the frond; moncecious; sporocarps and antheridia in irregular
patches, radiating towards the margin of the frond; vegetative
cells often mixed in with the sporocarps, never with the anther-
idia; each sporocarp containing 32 carpospores, each antheridium _
containing128 antherozoids; both carpospores and antherozoids
divided into distinct groups by thick jelly-walls.

This plant agrees in many respects with the species, but the
smaller size of the fronds, their lesser thickness, the form of the
base, and especially the greater thickness of the jelly-walls
entitle it to a separate place.

The great thickness of the jelly-walls may be seen advanta-
geously in a surface view of the vegetative portion of the frond, but
an best be seen in a cross section of the reproductive cells, being
especially noticeable in case of the antheridia. The wall laid
down by the first reproductive division of the antheridium is very

VOL. 5 | West-Coast Porphyras. 65

thick, and widely separates the antherozoids into an upper and a
lower group.

Distribution. From Washington southward to Lower Califor-
nia (47° 30'-27° 814’ N. lat.).

Localities. Shillshole Bay, Seattle, Washington, Miss /. E.
Tilden (as P. leucosticta)!; San Diego, Calif., Mrs. M. S. Sny-
der!; San Roque, Mexico, G. Eisen/.

PORPHYRA PERFORATA F. LANCKOLATA Setchell et Hus MS.

Membranous, 10-325 cm. long, 1-10 cm. broad; linear, with
undulate margin; base cuneate to cordate, attached by a disc;
steel-gray to gray or yellow-brown, becoming ,purple on drying;
monostromatic; vegetative part of frond 75-150» thick; cells
1 44-4 times as high as broad; surface jelly very thick, forming
2 to % the thickness of the frond; dicecious; each sporocarp con-
taining 32 carpospores; each antheridium containing 128 anther-
zoids.

Between this plant and the species there exist a number ot —
differences, chief among which is the fact that the variety is
dicecious, or, in case of forked fronds, sometimes subdicecious.

Habitat. P. perforata f. lanceolata usually grows on rocks in
the highest part of the litoral zone, January to December.

Distribution. From San Francisco southward to Monterey
Bay (37° 47'-36° 45’ N. lat.).

Localities. Wand’s End, San Francisco, Calif.; WA. Setchell!
fT, Hus!; Carmel Bay, Monterey Co., Calif., W. A. Setchell/
R. E. Gibbs!

PoRPHYRA NeRkEocystis And. Zor, Vol. II, p. 221, 1891
{name only), Zor, Vol. III, p. 149, 1892 (descr.).

There exists little doubt in the writer’s mind but that this
species is identical with Pyrvopia Californica of J. G. Agardh (’99).
It may be distinguished from ?. perforata and P. perforata f.
segregata by the red-purple color of the frond, by its greater
size and by the arrangement of the antheridia in large, sharply-
defined spots. The number of carpospores and antherozoids, and
their arrangement is identical with that of the above-named

species.

66 West-Coast Porphyras. [ZOE

Habitat. _P. Nereocystis is found attached to the stipes of
Nereocystis Liitkeana in 3-5 fathoms of water.

Distribution: From Alaska southward to Middle ealornia
(57° 30'-36° 45’-N. lat.).

Localities. St. Paul, Kadiak Isl., Alaska, W. 4. Setchell and

A.A. Lawson! No. 5149; Gouaacilig Washington, WV. Z. Gara-

ner/; Bolinas Bay, Marin Co., Calif., WA. Setchell! No. P2755

Monterey Bay, Calif., W..A. Setchell! No. 3005a; C. L.. Ander-
son!

PoRPHYRA NaIADUM And. Zor, Vol. III, p. 148, 1892.

This plant may readily be distinguished from all other species.

of Porphyra by its base. While the structure of the base of all ’

Pacific Coast species examined, agrees with that so admirably
described by Bornet and Thuret (’78) for ?. laciniata, the base of
P. naiadum possesses a structure altogether different.

P. naiadum is found growing on eel-grass, either on Ph sMospa-
dix in exposed places i in the sublitoral zone or on. Zostera, shel.
tered, in lagoons. When, during the winter months, we examine
the blades of Phyllospadix, we, find here and there, small, reddish-
brown, cushion- “shaped growths, which to the superficial gaze.

appear like colonies of diatoms. Continued observation shows a
gradual increase in the number of wartlike, more or less flattened
structures. Finally they cover the blades of .cel-grass in such
large numbers that they grow next to and over each other, and
lose their natural hemispherical shapé, obscuring the normal
color of the eel-grass, and giving a rough appearance to the blade.

‘As the season advances, examination with a lens shows a

greafer or smaller number of short, blunt protuberances issuing

from the wartlike growths. Under the microscope they appear —

to be composed of a number of cells placed end to end. Further
observation demonstrates the fact that these cells, by division in

two planes, give, rise to.a monostromatic frond. From this it.
is but a step to establish a genetic connection between these hemi-

SS structures and the fully grown fronds of P. naiadum.
' The base itself is composed of a few layers of parenchymatous’

_ cells, the upper layer of which gives rise to the fronds, while the:

ay

VOL. 5 | West-Coast Porphyras. 67

cells of the layer adjacent to the surface of the blade of the host-
plant produce rhizoid-like projections which enter, to a very slight
extent, the cuticula of the host-plant.

This parenchymatous base enables us to distinguish easily
between this species and 7. adyssicola, though there also exists a
difference in the reproductive bodies, ?. xaiadum being apparently
dicecious, each sporocarp containing 8 carpospores.

flabitat. P. naiadum occurs exclusively on Phyllospadix and
Zostera. In sheltered places we find it.all through the winter,
but where the eel-grass is exposed to the violence of the waves the
Porphyra disappears about August, to reappear in the Semaren
form in the latter part of January. |

Distribution. This plant appears to be limited to the Pacific
Coast, cectoag from Washington to Southern California
(48° 10’—32° 20’ N. lat).

Localities. Coupeville, Washington, N. dis Gardaveis Ballard
Beach, Seaftle, Washington, A/ss /. &. Tilden’; Cresent City,
_ Del Norte Co., Calif., WH. Hus’; Fort Ross, Sonoma Co., Calif.,
W. A. Setchell No. 1789!/; Duxbury Reef, Marin Co., Calif.,
» W. A. Seichell No. 1037! H. Hus!; Farallone Isl., Calif., 7:

W. Blankinship,;, Wand’s End, San Francisco, Calif., W. A. -
Setchell! H. Hus!; Monterey, Calif., W. A. Setchell! C. P. Nott!

R. E. Gibbs! H. Hus!; Santa Cruz, Calif. C. Z. Anderson’;
‘San Pedro, Calif., 4. J. McClatchie,; San Diego, ne , Wiss Reed
No. ro7/

- PORPHYRA AMPLISSIMA (Kjellm.). Setchell et Hus MS.

. Diploderma amplissimum (Kjellm.).- The Algee of the Arctic
Sea, p- 188, 1883.

This species can be distinguished from other Maicchiaee species
by the number of reproductive bodies, each sporocarp containing
4-8 carpospores, each antheridium containing 16 antherozoids.

ffabitat. On rocks in the sublitoral zone. Also found float-
ing. v

Distribution. From Alaska southward to Washington (60°-
48° 10’ N. lat.).

Localities. Orca, Alaska, W. A. Setchell and A. A. Lawson

68 West-Coast Porphyras. [ ZOE

No. 5165/; de A. Saunders No. 259a!; Unga, Alaska, W. A.
Setchell and A. A. Lawson No. 5047/; Amaknak Isl., Alaska;
W. A. Setchell No. 3268!; Coupeville, Washington, NV. LZ. Gard-
ner No. 47/

PORPHYRA MINIATA F. CUNEIFORMIS Setchell et Hus MS.

Fronds membranous, 15-50 cm. long, 4-15 cm. broad, lanceo-
late with undulate, crenulate margins; red-purple; dase strongly
cuneate, attached by a disc; fronds distromatic, often monostro-
matic near the edges in the vegetative part; 30-75» thick; cells
square or twice as long as broad; surface jelly ro-12.5 thick;
fronds monecious, antheridia and sporocarps intermixed in mar-
ginal zone, gradually spreading over the whole frond:—each
sporocarp containing 4 carpospores and each antheridium con-
sisting of 8 antherozoids.

Habitat. Found floating.

Distribution. From Alaska southward to Middle California
(60°-36° 45’ N. lat.).

Localities. Gulf of Alaska, de A. Saunders No. 20/; Coupe-
ville, Washington, V. LZ. Gardner/; Monterey Bay, Calif., A/rs.
J. M, Weeks!

PORPHYRA TENUISSIMA (Strémf.) Setchell et Hus MS.

Diploderma tenuissimum. (Stromf.) Bot. Centrallblatt, Vol. 26,
P- 73-

This species may be readily distinguished from other distro-
matic species by its great thinness, which varies between 2 5-307 in
the upper part of the frond, while at the base the thickness is
constantly 75. Each sporocarp contains 4 Carpospores and each
antheridium 8 antherozoids.

Habitat. Epiphytic on algze; also on rocks Ct).

Distribution. As yet known on the West Coast of North
America only from Alaska (57° N, lat.).

Locality. Sitka, Alaska, de A. Saunders No. r48a!

PORPHYRA ABYSSICOLA Kjellm. Algz of the Arctic Sea, p.
I9I, 1883.

P. abyssicola may be distinguished from P. tenutssima by the

VOL. 5 | _ West-Coast Porphyras. 69

constant thickness of the frond 25, which in the latter species,
in the region of the base, becomes 75”. The species is distin-
guished from P. zaiadum chiefly by its base, the latter being dis-
coid and composed of agglutinated, rhizoid-like cells, and also by
the reproductive bodies. /. adyssicola is moncecious (rarely dice-
cious):—each sporocarp containing 2-4 carpospores and each
antheridium containing 8 antherozoids.

flabitat. On Zostera.

Distribution. As yet known on the Pacific Coast from but a
single locality (48° 10’ N. lat.).

Locality. Whidby Isl., Washington, V. 1. Gardner, No. 273!

PORPHYRA VARIEGATA Kjellm. in litt.

Diploderma variegatum Kjellm., Om Beringhafvets Algflora,
Pp. 33, 1889.

This species is readily distinguished from all other distromatic
species of Porphyra by its great thickness (100-220), by the
great thickness of the jelly-walls, especially those of the vegeta-
tive cells which are found between the sporocarps, and by the
variegated appearance of the fertile frond, from which the species
probably derives its name. The plant is apparently dicecious.
Each sporocarp contains 32 carpospores.

Habitat. On rocks.

Distribution. From Bering Island, Siberia, to Middle Califor-
nia (55°—36° 45’ N. lat.).

Localities. Bering Isl., Ajeliman; Coupeville, Washington,
N. L. Gardner!; Monterey Bay, California, C. ZL. Anderson! C.
P. Nott! Mrs. J. M. Weeks!

PORPHYRA OCCIDENTALIS Setchell et Hus MS.

Fronds membranous, 15-30 cm. long, 1.5-5 cm. broad, linear
with slightly crenulate margin and a cuneate to orbicular base,
sessile on small disc; dull red; distromatic, vegetative part of
frond 45-75». thick, cells square or 1.5-2 times as broad as high,
12-15 high, 12-3011 broad, surface jelly 10-15 thick; apparently
diectous, antheridia forming a yellowish margin, measuring 65-
75 in cross-section; 64 antherozotds in four tiers of 16 antherozoids
in each antheridium.

70 fa West-Coast Porphyras. [Zor

Habitat. On rocks.
Distribution. As yet reported from but a sere Se locality on
he Pacific Coast (36° 45’ N. lat.).
Locality. Carmel Bay, Monterey Co., Calif., J/rs. ge. as
Weeks! . ; ee
. University of California,
Berkeley, Cal., September 26, rooo.

LIST OF WORKS REFERRED TO.

Agardh, C. A.
1824. Systema Algarum. (Lund.)
1828. Icones Algarum Europzarum:. -(Leipsic.)
Agardh, J. G.
_ 1882. Till Algernes Syatematik Afd, 3, VI, Ulvaceae.
(Lunds Uniy. Arsskrift, Tom. XIX.)
1899. Analecta algologica, V. (Lund.)
Anderson, C. 1.
-I89r. “Zour, Vol: IT. *
1892. ZOE, Vol. III.
Bornet and Thuret.
1878. Notes Phycologiques. (Paris.)
Kjellman, F. R.
1883. The Algz of the Arctic Sea. (Kongliga Svenska
Vetenskaps~Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 20, No. 5.)
1889. Om Beringhafvets Algflora. (Kongliga Svenska
Vetenskaps—Akademiens Handlingar, vol. 23, No. 8.)
Setchell, W. A.
1899. .Algze of the Pribilof islands. (The Fur Seals and Fur-Seal
Islands of the North Pacific Ocean, Fart III, p. 589.)
Strimfelt, H. F. G.
1886. Hinige fiir die Wissenschaft neue Meeresalgen Aus Island.
Botanisches Centralblatt, Band 26, p. 172.
Tilden, J. E.
~ + 1898. American Algee. Cent. III. No. 228-231.
Thuret, G. a
1863. In: Le Jolis, Liste des Algues Marines de Cherbourg, p. 100.

Pee

CONTRIBUTIONS TO SOUTHERN: CALIFORNIA: .
<DOTARY. 3

S. Be PARISH.

EQUISETUM MEXICANUM Milde, Verhandl. 1882, 1256(?). The
Southern California plant which recently has been referred heré
does not agree altogether satisfactorily with Milde’s description:
His species was founded on specimens collected by Muller in:
Orizaba, in 1855, and is perhaps of doubtful validity, having been
included, with several other of Milde’s species, in Z. . giganteum
i by Baker in the Handbook of Ferin-Allies. San Bernardino:
specimens were placed in £4. variegatum Schleich, by Underwood .
in Coville, Death Valley Report, 226, and the plant has been dis-
tributed by: myself and others as Z. /evigatum A. Br-
Whatever may be its proper name the plant is abundant in the
intramontane region, ascending at least to 1,500 ft. alt., and’
reaching Santa Catalina Island.* In the desert region it has”
been collected at Palm Springs in the Colorado Desert, and on
the Mojave River at Camp Cady. It is found in wet or drier
sand, and usually in shaded situations, and is evergreen under
suitable conditions, but.in drier soil it vegetates in spring seas
early summer. Fruit i in June-July. if

“SELAGINELLA WATSONI Underw. “Bull. Lor. Ultb. a6 397.
Summit of San Jacinto Mt. , Clinton S. Kimball, High divide
west of Bear Valley, alt. 7,500 ft., eae Bernardino Mts., June, |
1886, 1776 Parish. !

SPHAERALCEA Pilvoc ui Californten, About 1 m. high;
stems glabrate below; leaves oblong, 2-3 cm. long, more or less
distinctly subhastately lobed, unevenly and obtusely toothed; -
flowers salmon-red; carpels 5 mm. long, indistinctly apiculate,
the lower half strongly reticulate; seed ees circular, 2 mm. in
diameter, hirsute.

Near Colton, a single Slant. aris 1894, 2,846 Park. Sai:

_ bell-Johnson Ranch, Garvanza, also a single plant, L. A. Greata,

_- #McClatchie, Eryth. 2, 122,

Pd

72 Southern California Botany. [ ZOE

Nov., 1899. A specimen not yet in flower, and with leaves 4-7
em. long, collected by A/cClatchie at San Pedro, May, 1896,
probably belongs here.

E-CHINOCACTUS CYLINDRACEUS Engelm. Pro. Am. Acad. 3.275.
E. Wislizeni Engelm. in Brew. & Wats. Bot. Cal. 1.246, not
Wisliz. Rep. 97. £. Wislizeni Lecontei Coulter, Contrib. U. S.
Nat. Herb. 3.363, as to Californian plants, not Engelm. in Rothr.
Wheeler’s Rep. 6.128. Coville, Death Val. Rep. r1o.

The ‘‘barrel”’ or ‘“‘nail-keg cactus’”’ of the Californian deserts
is usually referred to the variety of £. Wislizeni, while E. cylin-
draceus has been more readily supplied by cactus-collectors than
recognized by botanists. The type of the latter was collected in
“rocky ravines, near San Felipe, on the eastern slope of the Cali-
fornia Mountains, by Dr. Parry.’’* “It was originally described
as multicipital, but it was afterwards explained that such growths
were due probably to accidental injuries by fire to the original
stem. It is now kept apart by certain differences in the radial
spines. These in £. cylindraceus are said to number 1 5-17, all
stout, the lower shorter and much hooked; while in £. Wislizeni
Leconti there are 6-10 stout, and 12-20 slender and flexuous
ones. But too much stress has been placed on the number of
ribs, and the number, size, degree of curvature and color of the
spines. ‘hese characters are of value if taken broadly, but if
insisted upon too closely one might easily select a half-dozen
species from the plants growing on a single hillside. Vet one
can not be familiar with the various forms which they assume
without being convinced that all should be included in a single
species.

A further distinction between the two species is found in the
season of flowering. £. Wislizeni flowers through the entire
season, and the type, which was collected at Dofia Ana on the
Rio Grande River in August, showed buds, open flowers, young
and ripe fruit on the same specimen.§ Our Californian plants

*Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 25.
t+ Engelm. I. c.

t Coulter, 1. c.

4Engelm. Wisliz, Rep. 97.

VOL. 5 | Southern California Botany. 73

are strictly spring flowering, ripening their fruit by early summer.

Our species is the most abundant Echinocactus of the desert
region, occurring on hillsides or gravelly plains at 500-3,500 ft.
alt., always present in suitable situations, often in great numbers.
Usually columnar, with an extreme height of 8~9 ft., often, always
when young, globose, or even clavate, rarely polycephalous from
the base, or even near the summit; ribs indefinitely numerous;
central spines 4, varying in width and absolute and relative
length, curved or somewhat hooked, or twisted and interlocked,
red, less frequently yellow, or even white; radial spines numer-
ous, slender, more or less flexuous, mostly light-colored; flowers
yellow; fruit dry. '

OpunTIA Parryi Engelm, Am. Jour. Sci. Ser. 2, 14.339.
This species was founded on a plant observed on the “‘eastern
slope of the mountains near San Felipe’’ by Dr. Parry, and the
brief description was taken from his notes.* Dr. Engelmann
probably never saw the specimens, which, if any there were, must
have been among those unfortunately lost on the Isthmus of
Panama.}+ Thereare none in the Engelmann Herbarium.{ Some
uncertainty exists as to the identity of Parry’s plant with one
subsequently collected by Bigelow ‘‘on gravelly plains 30 miles
west of the Colorado, near the Mojave River,’’ § but as this was
described more fully and figured, and as Bigelow’s specimen is
still preserved, it may well be considered as typical of the species.

Mr. A. H. Alverson collected in 1895 at McHaney’s Mine, in
the Colorado Desert, and has since had in cultivation, a plant
which perfectly agrees with the description and figures cited, and
which has the habit of growth in prostrate mats shown by an
engraving in the North American Fauna. ||

GaRRYA VEATCH Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 5.40. Shrub
2-3 m. high; leaves elliptical, or the smaller lanceolate, 2-5 cm.
long, the edges revolute, glabrous above, and beneath clothed

*Engelm. Cact. Mex. Bound. 53.

+ Parry, Pro. Davenp. Acad, 2.280.

t Coulter, Contrib. U, S. Nat. Herb. 3.441.

2Engelm. & Bigelow, Pac. R. Rep. 4. 43, t. 22, f. 4-7-
Merriam, N. Am. Fauna 7. 347, f. 10.

74 Southern California Botany. [ ZOE

with a close pannose tomentum; aments 3-4 1n a cluster, declined,
2-4 cm. long; bracts scarious, connate nearly to the strongly
mucronate tips, silky; immature fruit densely white hairy, becom-
ing less densely hairy at maturity.

In dry cafions on the intramontane slope of the San Antonio
Mts. from San Gabriel * to Lytle Creek and Cajon Pass, at 1,500-
3,500 ft. alt. Probably also includes a shrub of the desert slope
of the San Bernardino Range; Rock Creek, Davidson, Cafion of
the Mojave. This differs from the above in the pubesence of the
under surface of the leaves, which is of short, straight hairs,
becoming glabrate in age. .

%

ARBUTUS MENzIEstt Pursh; Hook. FI. 2. 36. This species,
heretofore known in. Southern California only by a small group
on Mt. Wilson, has been discovered in the present year in Las
Tufias Cafion, near Santa Monica, by Dr. Hasse. ‘T‘here are but
a few specimens, which are reduced to shrubs not exceeding 10
ft. in height.

Putox Douciasi Hook. Fl. 2. 73, t. 158. Summit of
Swarthout Cajfion, 6,800 ft. alt., in the San Antonio Mountains,
1529 1. M. Fall, June, 1900.

‘Flowers white to clear blue, fragrant.’’ ‘The specimen ap-
proaches very closely the var. diffusa Gray, Pro. Am. Acad.
8,254.

GILIA (EUGILIA) leptantha, Annual; stems slender, much
branched, 25-30 cm. high, below loosely woolly, becoming glab-
rous above, beset with numerous tack-shaped glands; leaves
mostly basal, 2-3 cm. long, the thick midrib having a very
narrow marginal blade with several linear, cuspidate, alternate
_ tooth-like lobes, the rameal leaves reduced to minute subulate
bracts; panicle diffuse; pedicels shorter than the calyx, or rarely
much longer; calyx 3 mm. long, scarious, the green midribs
prolonged as short, subulate, divergent teeth; corolla 10-12 mm.
long, purple, the slender tube moderately dilated at the yellow
throat; filaments at the sinuses of the corolla, and surpassing its

* Davidson, Pl, Los. Ang. Co. 11.

VOL. 5] Southern California Botany. 75

oblong lobes; capsule ovoid, shorter than the calyx-teeth; seeds
white, 2 mm. long, minutely roughened.

Collected at Seven Oaks, 5,000 ft. alt., in the San Bernardino
Mountains, June, 1g00, by Mr. and Mrs. Grout.

Near G. latiflora, Gray, from which it is well distingttished by
its much longer filiform tube.

GALIUM MULTIFLORUM parvifolium. Leaves approximate,
thick, 4-6 mm. long, lateral nerves, and sometimes the midvein
obsolete; fruit less densely hirsute than in the species.

On dry slopes in the San Antonio and San Bernardino Mts. at
6,500-9,000 ft. alt. Bear Valley, _June, 1886, 1829 Parish.
Summit San Antonio Mts., A/cClatchie, Aug., 1893.

Eupatorium Pasadenense. Of the Eximbricata section;
stems slender and apparently herbaceous, glandular-puberulent;
upper leaves opposite, short petioled, ovate-deltoid, acute, and at
base cordate, serrate, thin, minutely atomiferous beneath; cymes
rather compact, on dichotomous peduncles longer than the leaves,
pedicels 1 cm. long, with 2-3 linear bracts; heads 20-30-flowered;
involucral bracts lanceolate, firm, 4 mm. long, prominently
2-ribbed, the acute tips softer; corolla 4-5 mm. long, glabrous,
white, the filiform tube twice the length of the abruptly expanded
throat; pappus scabrous, equaling the corolla, very promptly
deciduous; achenes smooth, 5-angled, slightly arcuate, 1.5 mm.
long; receptacle a little rounded.

Wet bank of a pool in a cafion south of Pasadena, April 20,
‘1896, 1128 A. J. MeClatchie.

Nearest £. occidentale Hook., but abundantly distinct in pubes-
cence, character of the involucral scales and shape of the corolla.

Bidens speciosa. 2. Nashii Wiegand, Bull. Torr. Club, 26.
421, as to the Californian plants only. Aquatic, perennial by
stolons, glabrous throughout; stems ‘erect or assurgent, stout,
with an extreme height of 2.5 m., branched at every node, the
lowest branches becoming stolons, the upper short, erect, their
ultimate branchlets 1-3-flowered; leaves lanceolate, 1-2 dm. long,
exeeding the internodes, conspicuously toothed, narrowed to the
connate base; heads on peduneles 4-8 cm. long, erect, nodding

76 Rediscovery of Thermopsis Macrophylla. [ZOE

in fruit; outer involucral bracts 4-8, foliaceous, linear-oblong,
serrate, equal, mostly twice longer than the head, reflexed; inner
bracts 8, membranous, yellowish, acutely oval, equaling the
disc; rays 8, golden-yellow, obovate-oblong, 2x1 cm., the tips
entire or obscurely toothed; ovaries oblong, truncate, the edges
retrorsly hispid; dise 2 cm. broad, 1 cm. high; its corollas light
yellow, 6 mm. long, campanulate, the lower half abruptly con-
tracted into a columnar base, 5-toothed; chaff linear-acute, as
long as the florets, yellow-tipped; mature achenes black, flat,
5 mm. long, cuneate, very slightly constricted at the summit;
awns 2, white, 3 mm. long, or with a third awn half as long, and
the achene then ribbed on the awned face, awns and edges of the
achenes retrorsly barbed with rigid prickles.

A handsome autumnal-flowering plant, common in shallow
streams in the San Bernardino Valley, at about 1,000 ft. alt.;
no doubt extending throughout the entire intramontane region
of Southern California, and probably of much wider range.

From &. chrysanthemoides Michx. and B. Nashii Wiegand it
differs by its perennial duration, conspicuously-toothed leaves,
constantly foliaceous outer involucres, and cernuous fruiting
heads. All the achenes in a head are usually 2-awned, and in
the large number examined no heads were found in which there
were not more 2-awned than 3-awned achenes; nor were any
4-awned achenes found, yet such may occur.

REDISCOVERY OF THERMOPSIS MACROPHYLLA
He A,

BY ALICE EASTWOOD.

TuIs-species was originally collected by Douglas, probably near
Monterey. Not since his time has it been found, unless a plant
collected by Mr. Joseph Clark in Mendocino County in 1876, now
in the Herbarium of the California Academy of Sciences, should
prove to be the same.

Recently this species has been’ rediscovered by fie Honorable

VOL. 5 | Rediscovery of Thermopsis Macrophylla. 77

Horace Davis, near his country place in the Santa Cruz Moun-
tains, about four miles from Glenwood.

This is a region where the cafions are filled with redwoods and
their ever-accompanying vegetation; the hills are covered with
chaparral; while here and there appear stretches of sand, white
like that on the shores of the ocean. ‘These sandy outcroppings
are the remains of an old sea beach and tell some of the geological
history of the country in bygone ages.

On one of these old beaches, in the dry sand and far from
springs or running water, this Thermopsis lifts its erect stems to
a height of three or four feet, somewhat surpassing the surround-
ing vegetation. It agrees with the description of the type as
given in the foot-note below.

Not far away, the remains of an old Indian trail can be dis-
tinctly seen, in some places almost as wide as a road. ‘This trail
is said to have extended from Santa Cruz to Santa Clara and
connected the two missions, though tradition claims that it was
traveled before the missions existed.

It is not likely that the early botanical explorers made their
way through the almost impenetrable brush or indeed went out
of the beaten paths to any extent. So long as there were trails
they would keep to them, when they made distant journeys. If
we could discover these old trails, from one settlement to another,
we would doubtless find all the rare and doubtful species which
were collected by Douglas and others, the habitats of which are
now unknown. It is not unlikely that this region may be the
very place where Douglas collected 7. macrophylla.

It differs from 7. Californica Watson in the following points.
T. Californica grows in wet, springy places, with stems generally
decumbent; leaflets obovate, minutely mucronate at the obtuse

‘apex, 1-2 inches long, silky tomentose on both surfaces; stipules

‘* Thermopsis macrophylla; caule angulata, petiolis calycibus ovariisque hirsutissimus, foliis
trifoliatis, foliolis obovato-ellipticis utrinque acutis supra glabris subtus pubescentibus, stipu-
lis maximis (biuncialibus) ovatis acutis.

“Leaflets 4 inches long. Calyx angled, deeply 2-lipped; upper lip ovate, bidentate, lower
3-partite, the segments lanceolate-subulate. Stamens to, free. Ovary linear, densely sericeo-
villous, on a short glabrous stipes. A very fine and distinct species, with apparently white,
but probably, when recent, yellowish flowers. Leaves much longer than in any hitherto
known species.’ (Hooker & Arnott.) Bot. Beech. 329. ©

78 A New Tapirira from Baja California, [ZOE

lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, generally longer than the petioles;
calyx with the upper lip truncately notched and the other teeth
deltoid, acute or obtuse, shorter than the tube; bracts ovate-
acuminate, surpassing the pedicels.

T. macrophylla grows in dry sand and has erect stems. The
leaflets are thick, coriaceous, elliptical-oblong, acute at each end, ©
3 or 4 inches long, 1-3 inches broad, almost smooth on the upper
surface, tomentose on the lower; stipules unequal-sided, ovate-
lanceolate, acuminate, almost twice as long as the petioles;
calyx angled, the upper lip barely toothed, the others lanceolate-
acuminate, as long as the tube; pods immature, erect or falcate;
bracts ovate, attenuate to a slender acumination.

The plant from Mendocino County, spoken of above, has much
longer leaves, proportionally narrower; stipules broader and

“shorter. The calyx is not angled and the teeth are shorter.
The bracts are less attenuate. When this is better known it
may prove to be a distinct species, or all these Californian forms
may be considered only geographical varieties of a polymorphous
species. They must be studied in the field or, better still, culti-
vated in separate patches in the same garden before their status
can be finally settled.

A NEW TAPIRIRA FROM BAJA CALIFORNIA.

T. S. BRANDEGEE.

Tapirira edulis. A tree 5-7 m. high with spreading
branches and a trunk 24 m. in diameter, bark smooth and gray;
leaves 8-10 cm. long, odd-pinnate and like the young branches
pubescent; leaflets usually 4 pairs, sessile, 1-2% cm. long, 1-1%
em. wide, elliptical, apiculate; flowers dicecious, appearing with
the young leaves, petals and sepals imbricated in the bud: male
panicles 2-3 cm. long, bracteolate, 10-20 flowered, the female
much smaller, 2-4-flowered; petals 5, oblong, 2'mm. long, pointed,

vot. 5]. New Tapirira from Baja California. 79

ochroleucous; sepals 5, lobes 1 mm. long, pubescent, the female
flower slightly larger than the male; ovary of the male flower
immersed in the disk, styles 5, minute, stamens 10 inserted at the
edge of the disk, filiform, anthers globose; ovary of the female
flower encircled by the 1o-lobed cupulate disk, pubescent, stamens
more slender and anthers smaller than those of the male flower,
styles 5, conical, 2 mm. long; fruit oblique ovoid, 2%4 cm. long,
slightly pubescent, smooth excepting five pointed projections
from which the styles have fallen, light yellow when mature.

In the Flora of the Cape Region,* this tree is mentioned as
Cyrtocarpa procera, with which it was indentified owing to the
lack of flowering specimens. A careful study of material since
collected shows that it is nearest the genus apirira as elaborated
by Engler + and although a few slight divergences are found they
are not of generic value. It certainly does not belong to Cyrto-
carpa which was reduced to Tapirira in Bentham and Hooker’s
Genera Plantarum. ‘The ovary is five celled and by abortion
becomes one seeded; of the aborted cells one is much the largest
and its ovule is evident. The ovule is suspended from the vertex
of the cell and by lengthening of the funicle the seed finally
becomes inverted. The radicle is accumbent as in Engler’s
Series of the Spondiee Curvembryee. Shortly after flowering
the styles appear as if in a circle about the top of the forming
fruit, but soon apparently the one belonging to the maturing
seed becomes larger and its conical projection grows rapidly, thus
making the fruit oblique. My specimens seem to show that the
_ species is completely dicecious, but a careful examination in the
field may prove it, like some other so called dicecious plants, to:
be somewhat polygamous. ‘The trees in general appearance very
much resemble Veatchia. It is called by the inhabitants of the
Cape Region of Lower California, its habitat, ‘‘ciruela,’’ a
Spanish word for plum, and a name also given to the cultivated
species of Spondias. ‘The flowers appear in April and May, and
the fruit is ripe in August and September, when its pleasing,
slightly acid flavor causes it to be much sought.

* Proc. Cal. Acad., Ser. 2, III, 103,
} Suites au Prodromus, IV, 276.

NEW SPECIES OF CALIFORNIA PLANTS.
ALICE EASTWOOD.

Salix Covillei. 1-2 meters in height, older stems chestnut
brown, younger ones clothed with a glaucous bloom which
persists at least through the second ¢eason. Leaves on flowering
branches without stipules, oblong to oblanceolate, 3-5 cm. long,
5-10 mm. wide; petioles 2-3 mm. Jong; upper surface at first
silky pubescent, later becoming almost glabrous; lower surface
white, with short, silvery, silky hai:s, densely appressed ; apex
and base acute; margins revolute at base, otherwise entire.
Aments appearing before the leaves, sessile, scattered. Staminate
aments ovate elliptical, short and broad, little more than 1 cm.
. long, and about 8 mm. broad, white, with the long silky hairs
- clothing the scales; these, broadly elliptical, acute at apex, dark
brown, nearly 2 mm. long and about half as wide, clothed on
both sides with fine white silky hairs, twice as long as the scale.
Stamens two to each scale, filaments separate, about equaling the
scales, inclined to be unequal; anthers with 4 cells; nectary %
theslength of the scale. Pistillate aments oblong, slightly
broader at base, 2—2.5 cm. long, almost 1 cm. broad; scales
rounded at summit, broadening to the base, 2 mm. long, 1.5 mm.
wide, almost concealed by the dense covering of white hairs.
Capsules ovate, sessile, sericeous, with short, white, appressed
pubescence. Style slender, 1 mm. long, branches divided to the
junction with the style, rather slender.

This was collected on Bubbs Creek, the south fork of Kings
River, in Fresno County, California, July 10, 1899. It grew
near the foot-bridge, along the edge of the creek. ‘The pistillate
aments were discharging their seed. The description of the
staminate was drawn from some aments which had apparently
been frozen before being fully developed, and so had persisted.

It seems to be identical with a specimen collected by Coville
and Funston on the Death Valley Expedition (no. 1427). This
was collected August 2, 1891, and is, of course, without flowers
or fruit. It was identified with S. macrocarpa argentea Bebb* on

~ * Contr. U. S. Natural Herb. IV. 199.

vol. 5| Mew Species of California Plants. 81

account of the resemblance of the pubescence; but it is so unlike
that species that it would be a waste of time to enumerate the
differences. The differences in the appearance of the catkins,
one peduncled and subtended with leaves, the others sessile, with
no leaves at the base, mark the two as quite distinct.

It comes nearer to S. de//a Piper, recently described in Torr.
Bull. X XVII, 399; but this is without the glaucous bloom on
the twigs, has different leaves, pedicellate capsules, and shorter
filaments to the stamens. The leaves must be different or the
specimens collected by Coville and Funston would not have been
referred to S. subcwrulea Piper, by the author of that species, in
the same publication.

It is named in honor of F. V. Coville, who is probably the first
collector of the species.

Chrysopsis camphorata. Stems many from a_ perennial,
woody root, ascending 1-3 feet high, scabrous, sparingly pilose,
densely glandular throughout, with sessile and short-stipitate
glands, varying in size. Leaves oblong-lanceolate, entire, 1-3
cm. long, sharply acuminate, the base either cordately or auricu-
lately clasping, midrib broad, apparently double: bud leaves form-
ing fascicles in all the lower axils. Inflorescence open, cymose-
paniculate, with short branches spreading almost horizontally,
naked at the lower end, and with a few small leaves close to the
head, these, sessile by a truncate base, and with some long hairs
on the lower margin; heads radiate, 1-3 terminating the short
branchlets, about 8 mm, high. Bracts of the involucre imbri-
cated in 3 or 4 series, linear-attenuate, with ciliate margins,
membranous on each side of the glandular midrib, which is cari-
nate on the longer bracts; lower bracts 3 mm. long; inner 9 mm.,
both about 3 mm. broad at base. Rays 9, yellow, oblong-
elliptical, 6 mm. long, 2 mm. wide, 2-3-toothed at apex, spar-
ingly glandular on the margin, and with a few glandular teeth
on the lower surface near the base, upper surface furrowed.
Inner pappus capillary, tawny, equaling the tube of the corolla;
outer paleaceous, glabrous, about 1 mm. long. Corolla of disk
flowers yellow, glabrous, with the 5 short, deltoid lobes sur-
passed by the stamens and stigmas, the latter hispid, 2 mm.

82 New Species of California Plants. [ ZOE

long. Akenes hoary, with appressed white hairs, linear-oblong,
3 mm. long, less than 3 mm. broad. ;

This is known as ‘‘camphor weed’’ from the strong odor of
camphor which pervades the entire plant. It has the general
appearance of C. rudis Greene, but the distinctly double pappus
and noticeable rays preclude it from the Section Ammodia to
which C. rvdis belongs. It belongs to the Section E-uchrysopsts,
according to Gray’s classification in the Synoptical Flora, and
comes nearest to C. echioides Benth. From this it differs in
pubescence, inflorescence, smaller heads, and fewer rays. As I
have not seen a specimen of the type of C. echioides, my judgment
is based on the description in Botany of the Sulphur, p. 25. The.
type locality of C. echioides is Bodegas, or, as it is now known,
Bodega Bay.

This species was discovered by the Hon. Horace Davis, near
his country-place in the Santa Cruz Mountains, near Glenwood.
It grows on the old sea beaches, peculiar to these upland hills,
and blooms in July and August.’ It would be interesting to
investigate the properties of this plant. The oil which it con-
tains might be of use in the arts or medicinally.

Helianthella Cannone. Stems several from a_ slender,
woody, horizontal rootstock, erect, simple, monocephalous, about
3 dm. high, ribbed, canescent, with spreading, soft, jointed bristles.
Radical leaves oblong, lanceolate, or spatulate, 6-12 cm. long,
2-4 cm. wide, tapering at base and decurrent on the broad,
nerved petiole which is almost as long as the blade; apex obtuse,
generally mucronate; texture thick, scabrous, with short pubes-
cence and longer scattered, jointed appressed hairs; margin ciliate
with bristle-like hairs; midvein broad, light green conspicuously
striate; cauline leaves 2 or 3 and alternate or, rarely, 2 or 3 pairs
and opposite, similar to the radical leaves but smaller, 1-2 dm.
distant from the broad head, which is 8 cm. in diameter exclusive
of the outer foliaceous bracts. Bracts of the involucre in 3 or
4 series; inner ones lanceolate, acuminate, Striate, densely white
ciliate on the margins near the base, outer surface more or less
scabrous pubescent and hirsute; inner surface rugose and sca-
brous; outer bracts similar to the leaves, from 2-12 cm. long, 4-20

o

vot. 5] New Species of California Plants. 83

mm. wide, variable and passing to the form of the innermost by
gradations. Rays sterile, conspicuous, 2-3 cm. long, 5-7 mm.
wide, obtuse or emarginate. Chaff of the receptacle boat-shaped,
Striate, hairy near the apex, 5-7 mm. long; receptacle flat,
pitted with triangular or quadrangular, shallow depressions: tube
of the corolla dilated above the insertion of the stamens, gla--
brous; divisions 5 acute, thick, hairy; akenes cuneate, sometimes
ciliate near the apex of the narrow wing, with pappus of 2 or 3
glabrous or hispid awns which are generally deciduous on the
ripe akenes. Seed dark brown, somewhat glossy, glabrous
except for a few occasional hairs, tumid, cuneate, emarginate,
9-11 mm. long, 5-8 mm. wide.

This showy Helianthella is found on the hills of San Fran-
cisco. It was first collected by Miss Evelina Cannon, on Bay
View Hills, May, 1892; later it was collected by the author on
the Presidio Hills and Bay View Hills. It is most abundant at
the last-named locality. Indeed, recent search has failed to
rediscover it at the former locality, and it may now be extinct
there. Changes are being continually made incident to the
growth of the city and improvement of the Presidio as a military
station.

It is probably the Helianthella collected by Frank H. Vaslit
on hills east of Ocean View, which was identified with AH. Cal-
ifornica Gray (Zoe 11, 75). No specimen of this is in the
herbarium of the Academy, and it was probably not preserved.
Any one who has seen the two species could not fail to recognize
their separate identity. A. Cannone differs from H. Californica
in habit, foliage, akenes, and pappus, but especially in the large
showy heads, framed by the long leaf-like bracts.

It is named in honor of Miss Cannon, who first collected it
and who has done much to increase our knowledge of the plants
of San Francisco Peninsula. oe

Sphacele = gracilis. Shrubby at base with spreading
branches 3-6 dm. high; old stems with light brown, shreddy
bark; young stems reddish, slender, becoming filiform at the
upper extremity, quadrangular and striate; entire plant except
corolla clothed with very fine, white pubescence and sessile,

*

84 New Species of California Plants. [ ZOE

yellow glands. Leaves oblong, obtuse, dentate, crenate or
sinuate, with the veins conspicuous on the lower surface but
not bullate, pale green, somewhat scabrous, 2-6 cm. long, 1-2%
cm. wide, tapering at base and decurrent on the short petioles
which are about 1 cm. long. Racemes 6-20 cm. long with
internodes 1-4 cm., verticels 2-flowered, pedicels filiform, I-1%
cm. long, bracts ovate, sessile, acute, a little shorter than the
pedicels. Calyx campanulate, thin and veiny, with the base
acuminate in flower, rounded when in fruit and becoming broad,
1%-2% cm. long; divisions deltoid, acuminate to a slender point,
¥% as long as the entire calyx. Corolla white, tinged with rose-
color, 3 cm. long, with the lower lobe extending 1 cm. beyond
the throat. Stigma exserted, pink. Nutlets dark brown, white
pubescent, several sided with rounded angles, 3 mm. in diameter.

This seems to be local in the Santa Lucia Mountains, having
been found in one locality only, namely, on the hill separating
King City from Jolon, near Mansfield’s ranch. It is readily dis-
tinguished from the variable .S. Calycina by the slender, graceful
habit, lack of tomentum, pinkish flowers, peculiar calyx and
seeds. The specimens from which the description was drawn
were collected by the author in both flower and fruit, June
7, 1893. It grows in the same locality as the equally local
Malvastrum involucratum Robinson.

Mimulus modestus. Hispid and somewhat glandular, dwarf,
2-4 cm. high, simple or more frequently branched from
the base; the stems rather thick and leafy with the internodes
shorter than the calyces. Leaves with broad, clasping petioles,
half as long as the blades: the latter 7-15 mm. long, 5-10 mm.
wide, spatulate, to oblong-spatulate, or frequently nearly orbicu-
lar, obtuse at apex, entire or serrate with blunt teeth, strongly
3-nerved or rarely 4-nerved from the base, glabrous and purplish
on the lower surface, hispid on the upper, rather thick and
inclined to be bullate. Flowers solitary on peduncles about 3mm.
long, in the leaf-axils of all the leaves, even the earliest. Calyx
slightly arcuate linear-oblong, 6 mm. long, equally oblique at
base and apex, 5-toothed, strongly angled with conduplicate
folds, the part surrounding the ovary and fruit membranous, the

vot. 5] New Species of California Plants. 85

upper part foliaceous. Corolla with the slender exserted part
of the tube as long as the calyx, throat funnel form, bordef almost
equally 5-lobed, about 1 cm. in diameter, crimson with the three
ower lobes deeper crimson at base and mottled with white and
yellow deep in the throat. Stamens equally inserted in two pairs
with glabrous filaments and minutely tuberculate anthers; the
longer pair with anthers connivent and forming a cross, the cells
of each part confluent at apex; the lower with but one anther
fertile. Style hairy. Stigma purple, bilamellar, the upper part
ovate-acuminate, 2 mm. long, ciliate, papillose on one side, hairy
on the other; the lower part triangular, minute, scale-like. Cap-
sule 5-6 mm. long, sulcate on the valves, with a wing-like ridge
down one side where it is gibbous at the base, obliquely ovate,
acute. Seeds (immature) oblong, tuberculate, numerous.

This undoubtedly belongs to § Hunanus but differs from any
other that has been described.

It was collected on the old Bolinas Trail on Mount Tamalpais,
March 18, 1900. It monopolized the ground for a few square
yards not far from the top of the ridge, where the ground was
dry and hard as if it contained clay. Two years ago the writer
found a single specimen of the same A/mu/lus on the Bolinas
Road, not far from Fairfax. -

Aphyilon violaceum., Stems 6 cm. underground, one to
many from a fleshy rootstock from 5-15 mm. in diameter;
scales deltoid. Entire plant glandular viscid even to the corolla.
Flowers crowded in corymbs blooming from the ground or below
and 3-4 cm. high. Pedicels thick, 2-5 cm. long; bracts linear,
close to the calyx. Calyx dull violet unequally divided almost
to the base, with the divisions 1 cm. long, 1-nerved almost sub-
carinate, narrowly linear-subulate, acuminate; margin beset with
stipitate glands. Corolla dark violet, veiny with tube twice as
long as the calyx, curving outwards, ringent; upper lip 12-15
mm. long, 10-12 mm. wide, with the lobes almost half the entire
length, 5 mm. broad, acute or obtuse; sinus separating the lobes

-obtuse. Lower lip 3-cleft to the throat with widely separated
divisions, oblong-ovate, acuminate, 12-13 mm. long, 5 mm. broad;
‘the middle lobe narrowed at base where the margins curve

86 New Species of California Plants. [ ZOE

inwards and are bounded on each side by a deep bright yellow
fold which extends down the tube to a little above the insertion
of the stamens and when spread out is as wide as the divisions,
Stamens and stigma exserted, the latter surpassing the former
and declined onto the folds; stigma white, peltate 3 mm. in
diameter. Stamens didymous, the upper pair slightly longer
than the lower, inserted equally on the corolla tube about 5 mm.
above the base, not dilated at base. Anthers yellow, horseshoe
shaped with rounded or emarginate apex and the bases sharply
mucronate, clothed with long, curly, white hairs. Ovary oblong,
tinged with violet. Immature seeds globular, papillose.

This beautiful Aphyllon was collected by the author on Vision
Hill, west of Tomales Bay September 1, 1900. It was parasitic
on Grindelia. It belongs to the same group as A. comosum Gray
and A. Californicum Gray. It may be one of the forms included
under the former species but it is unlike the figure of the type
and none of the descriptions allude to the prominent yellow folds
on the lower lip. The description was drawn from the living
plants.

Asclepias Kotolo, ‘Tall and stout, about 1 m. in height,
the simple stems hollow and cylindrical, 15 mm. in diameter near
the base. Leaves opposite, ternate or rarely quaternate, 10-25
em. long, 5-8 cm. wide, oblong; cordate truncate or cuneate at
base; the apex obtuse, acute or acuminate and mucronate; mar-
gins entire or somewhat sinuate: coriaceous, canescent with soft,
velvety tomentum, the upper surface of the leaves becoming
smoother with age; midrib broad with the chief veins and reticu-
lations noticeable under the tomentum; petioles thick from almost
none to about 1 cm. long, 5 mm. broad, with the upper surface
concave. Umbels when in flower near the top of the stem but in
fruit appearing about the middle, owing to the growth of the
upper stem; involucral bracts linear-lanceolate, varying from
5-20 mm.in length. Flowers fragrant, 30 or more in each umbel,
on pedicels 2-4 cm. in length, which in fruit become stouter and
longer. Sepals and petals reflexed, the former green with the
outer surface densely tomentose, the inner glabrous except near
the apex, ovate-acuminate to oblong, unequal, 2-3 mm. long.

vol. 5] Mew Species of California Plants. 87

Petals white tinged with rose-color or with the midrib rose-color,
3 petals broader than the others; the former elliptical, 7 mm.
long, 4 mm. broad; the latter oblong, 2-3 mm. broad; apex
acute, margin membranous. Column short; hoods glabrous ven-
tricose with a tooth-like swelling on each side near the base and
subtended by a ring which extends to the wings of the anthers;
truncate along the top, not open down the back; horn inserted
along the entire length of the back with the body protruding in
the shape of a camel’s back from the opening in the hood and
often with a distinct tooth where the hump curves down to the
slender acuminate upturned horn which extends above the stigma.
Capitate stigma and leaf-like appendages which cover it, greenish
white. Abortive ovaries glabrous, fertile ones white-tomentose.
Pods erect, pendent or horizontal, on deflexed pedicels which are
inclined to be curved at the bend, obliquely ovate-acuminate with
the apex curved upwards, about 10 cm. long and 3-4 cm. wide
near the base, the broad veins visible beneath the velvety tomen-
tum. Seeds ovate or spatulate, reticulate, the margin narrow.

Cleomella alata. Glabrous or slightly viscid-pubescent,
2 to 5 cm. high, low and spreading, branched from the base and
also above. Stems winged. Leaves trifoliate; stipules of soft
bristles; petioles broad, winged, equaling or shorter than the
leaflets; leaflets petiolulate, linear-oblong, 1-1.5 cm. long (the
middle leaflet longest), 2 mm. wide, somewhat fleshy, with strong
mid-nerve and thickened margins, apex aristate with a soft bristle
-5 mm. long. Fowers corymbosely crowded in the upper axils
on filiform, elongating peduncles, 5 to 1o mm. long; the upper
leaves or bracts becoming simple and similar to the leaflets.
Calyx of 4 triangular-acuminate divisions, 1 mm. long. Petals
4, yellow, obovate, 2 mm. long. Stamens included, 5 or 6, 2
united by the filaments, twice as long as the anthers; anthers
oblong, mucronate. Capsule (immature) on a stipe .5 mm. long,
obovate, inflated. Style very short, less than .5 mm., divided
half way.

This belongs to the same group as Cleomella obtusifolia Torr.
& Frem. but it is quite distinct from any of the group. :

It was collected by Mrs. Bruce at Shumway, Lassen County,
California, June, 1898 (no. 2364a).

88 New Species of California Plants. [ZOE

Peucedanum Jaredi. ‘Tomentose throughout, tap-root
woody, long and vertical. Caudex very short, underground,
with several equa!ly short divisions, sheathed with the dilated
petioles. Leaves bipinnately dissected, main divisions 4 to'6,
ultimate divisions crowded with minute obtuse lobes; leaves on
young plants, without flowers, 2 dm. long, the unsheathed part
of the petiole about as long as the lowest internode of the rhachis;
leaves on flowering plants not more than 1o cm. long and much
smaller. Peduncles stout, ribbed, reddish, about as long as the
leaves when in flower but elongating in fruit to more than twice
or thrice their length, from 5 cm. to 2 dm. Umbel with unequal
Trays, 3 to 5 cm. long, becoming glabrate, generally with 1 or 2
ovate-accuminate bracts, 2 to 10 mm. long, with white membra-
nous and tomentose margins (bracts rarely foliaceous). Involucel
of one palmately 3 to 5-cleft unilateral bractlet, the different
bractlets united, or all separate, tomentose and membranously
margined; pedicels 5-10 mm. long. Calyx divisions green
and almost glabrous with white-membranous margins, minute,
deltoid. Petals green, fading yellowish, strongly circinate, mar-
gins densely white-tomentose. Stamens yellow, the exserted
filaments 1.5 mm. long, anthers broadly elliptical, emarginate at
apex, cordate at base. Carpels almost orbicular, 6 mm. wide, 7
mm. long, cordate at base; wings glabrate about as broad as the
tomentose body; oil tubes on the commissural surfacé 3 or 4, on
the dorsal 2 or 3 between the ribs.

This beautiful Peucedanum was collected near Estrella, San
Luis Obispo County, by Mr. L. Jared, in whose honor it gives me
great pleasure to name it. The fruit is quite flat owing to the
thin ribs, the ovaries are densely tomentose but become less so
with age. The most noticeable character is to be found in the
flowers which are green, but appear white from the dense
tomentum bordering the petals.

Navarretia ocellata. Annual, with several stems spread-
ing from the root, clothed with short branchlets, cinereous tomen-
tose, reddish. Leaves withering early, twice pinnatifid with
filiform spinulose divisions extending to the base of the flattened
rhachis, glabrate near the apex, tomentose at the base, 15-20.

vor. 5] New Species of California Plants. — 89

mm. long, 10 mm. wide, ovate-acuminate in outline. Flowers
in dense globular heads terminating the branchlets, those on the
main stem largest and often consisting of several heads together.
Bracts surpassing the flowers, bipinnatifid, with stiff, spreading
filiform, spinulose divisions, the dilated rhachis and lower divi-
sions clothed with long, white, jointed hairs, the upper divisions
sparingly stipitate glandular, calyx with two divisions pinnatifid,
filiform, spinulose, almost equaling the corolla, the other three
half as long, subulate spinulose, with pubescence similar to that
of the bracts; calyx tube white, equaling the divisions strongly
ribbed, with membranous folds between the ribs. Corolla yellow
with brown spots in the throat; tube filiform, 7 mm. long, some-
what stipitate-glandular; throat funnel-form spreading campanu-
lately to the oblong divisions 2.5 mm. long, 1.5 mm. wide.
Stamens scarcely exserted, filaments unequal, inserted high in
the throat of the corolla. Pistil with style 2-cleft at apex,
stigmas capitate, not extending to the line of insertion of the
stamens. Capsule obovate, mucronate, upper part thicker than
the membranous lower half, 2 mm. long, 1.25 mm. wide; loculi
2; seeds 8 or by abortion fewer, brown, irregularly angled, with
the angles pale brown.

This belongs to the same group as Navarretia cotulefolia H.
& A. It is easily distinguished from the other members of the
group by the yellow corolla spotted with brown. There is no
noticeable odor about the dried plants as is often the case with
other species of the group.

It was collected by Mr. L. Jared at Goodwin, San Luis Obispo
County, February, 1896.

Navarretia Jaredi. Slender annual, about 7 cm. high,
branching from the base or along the main stem, sparingly
cinereous-tomentose, the upper leaves, bracts and calyx clothed
with gland-tipped hairs. Leaves 15-20 mm. long, simply
pinnatifid with narrow linear divisions diminishing downwards
to the leaf axil or with the upper part laciniately cleft, the
divisions all spinulose. Bracts carinate, with a strong mid-nerve,
pinnately 5 to 9-cleft with spinulose divisions, the involucrate
bracts surpassing the flowers, the inner ones surpassing the calyx.

90 New Species of California Plants. [ZOE

Heads of flowers terminating the branches, about 15 mm. across.
Calyx with the two longer divisions, equaling the corolla, 3-cleft,
the others linear, entire, as long as the corolla tube, all spinulose.
Corolla salver-form, violet; tube ribbed, glandular-pubescent,
almost as long as the divisions, dilated at the base and throat;
divisions oblong, equal, 4 mm. long, 2 mm. wide. Stamens
exserted, filaments blue, equally inserted in the throat of the
corolla, anthers green. Style surpassing the stamens barely
2-lobed at apex. Ovary with 2 loculi and 2 ovules. Fruit
immature.

Collected at Paso Robles Creek, San Luis Obispo County, by
Mr. IL. Jared, who is well known for his diligent study and
collection of the plants of San Luis Obispo County, and in whose
honor it is named.

_ announces to the botanical world and to the general public the fact that