Hovova JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Conducted and published for the Club, by BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Editor-in-Chief MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD HOLLIS WEBSTER Associate Editors CARROLL WILLIAM DODGE WILLIAM PENN RICH, Publication Committee VOLUME 28 1926 300 Massachusetts Ave. Preston and Rounds Co. Boston, Mass. | Providence, R. F. Palo AS Ay Dodora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Conducted and published for the Club, by BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Editor-in-Chief MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD HOLLIS WEBSTER Associate Editors CARROLL WILLIAM DODGE WILLIAM PENN RICH, Publication Committee Vol. 28. January, 1926. No. 325. CONTENTS: Fresh Water Myxophyceae from Amoy, China. N. L. Gardner.. 1 Carex livida and C. Grayana. M. L. Fernald................. 5 The Range of Maianthemum canadense. F. K. Butters........ 9 Polygonum hydropiperoides and P. opelousanum. E. E. Stanford 11 A further Note on Cimicifuga racemosa. J. R. Churchill....... 17 Victorin's Lycopodiales of Quebec. C. H. Knowlton........... 18 Bromus ciliatus, var. denudatus, comb. nov. M. L. Fernald. .... 20 Boston, Mass. | Probidence, KR. F. 300 Massachusetts Ave. Preston and Rounds Co. RHODORA.—A monthly journal of botany, devoted primarily to the flora of New England. Price, $2.00 per year, postpaid (domestic and foreign) ; single copies (if available) 20 cents. Volumes 1-8 or single numbers from them can be sup- plied at somewhat advanced prices which will be furnished on application. Notes and short scientific papers, relating directly or indirectly to the plants of the northeastern states, will be gladly received and published to the extent that the limited space of the journal permits. Forms will be closed five weeks in advance of publication. Authors (of more than one page of print) will re- ceive 25 copies of the issue in which their contributions appear. Extracted re- prints, if ordered in advance, will be furnished at cost. Address manuscripts and proofs to B. L. ROBINSON, 3 Clement Circle, Cambridge, Mass. Subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to W. P. RICH, 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. Entered at Boston, Mass., Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. BOTANICAL BOOKS, New and Second Hand, PRESTON & ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I. CARD-INDEX OF NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS, 1885 TO DATE. For American taxonomists and all students of American plants the most important supplement to the Index Kewensis, this catalogue in several ways exceeds the latter work in detail, since it lists not only the flowering plants, but pteridophytes and cellular crypto- gams, and includes not merely genera and species, but likewise sub- species, varieties and forms. A work of reference invaluable for larger herbaria, leading libraries, academies of sciences, and other centers of botanical activity. Issued quarterly, at $22.50 per 1000 cards GRAY HERBARIUM of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. CHECK LIST OF GRAY’S MANUAL, 7th EDITION, compiled by M. A. Day. Leatherette. Pocket size. Invaluable for collector's memoranda and herbarium records. Published and sold by the Gray HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. Price postpaid 20 cts. each. Ten copies $1.50. : MEMOIRS OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM. A series of illustrated quarto papers issued at irregular intervals, sold separately. Vol. II. Persistence of Plants in unglaciated Areas of Boreal America, by M. L. Fernald, 102 pages. Aug. 1925. $2.00. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Advertisements of Nurserymen and Dealers in Botanical and other Scien- tific Publications are inserted in these pages at the following rates per space of 4 in. by 3-4 in. 1 year $4.00, 6 months $2.50. TRbooora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB € Vol. 28. January, 1926. No. 325. NOTES ON A COLLECTION OF FRESH WATER MYXOPHYCEAE FROM AMOY, CHINA! N. L. GARDNER. DuniNG a recent visit to the Farlow Library and Herbarium, the privileges of which were extended to me for the purpose of working on a large collection of fresh water Myxophyceae collected in Porto Rico by the late Dr. Wille, I took the opportunity to examine also a small collection of fresh water forms which had been sent to the herkarium by Professor H. H. Chung, who collected them in the vicinity of Amoy, China. The material proved to be in excellent condition, having been preserved in formalin and contained a number of forms of considerable interest, some of which have not been pre- viously described, and I am presenting herewith the results of my examination of the different species as I interpret them, with descrip- tions of such as are new to science. MERISMOPEDIA GLAUCA (Ehrb.) Naeg. A 95. CHAMAESIPHON sp. A 83. Material young. PLEUROCAPSA FULIGINOSA Hauck. A 74b. The material of this species is all in the vegetative condition. It answers to Hauck's description and figures in so far as they apply to the vegetative stage. SPIRULINA MAJOR Kuetz. A 73b. Sparse. fs OSCILLATORIA PRINCEPS Vauch. A 94. O. cHALYBEA (Mertens) Gom. $ Rs nr yes M, ee E & PSS Dd A xke e A NORTHWESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND. Fic. 1 (upper). Rock-mantle on tableland of Bard Harbor Hill. Fia. 2. (left). Horizontal limestones, washed by the sea, St. John's Island. Fr. 3. (right). Horizontal limestones, with undisturbed talus, St. John's Island. Rhodora Plate 155 NORTHWESTERN NEWFOUNDLAND. Fra. 1 (upper). John Kanes’s Ladder and escarpment to the south, Doctor Hill. Fia. 2 (left). Limestone escarpment of Doctor Hill, northeast of John Kanes’s Ladder. Fra. 3 (right). Looking up John Kanes’s Ladder, with rotted rock-walls. 1926] Weatherby,—A new Variety of Cystopteris fragilis 129 across America was mostly destroyed by the advances of Pleistocene ice, is full of endemics and epibiotics. We have brought back in two seasons more than 175 species never before known from Newfound- land, but there are hundreds of others yet to be found; and many of them, like many already known, will throw a vivid light upon the relative ages and the rate of evolution of species. EXPLANATION OF PLATES 153-155 Pl. 153. Fig. 1 (upper). Western spur of Ha-Ha Mountain, showing an- cient weathering and lack of recent planing by an ice-sheet. Fig. 2 (left). Deeply weathered limestone rock-barren back of Savage Cove, characteristic near sea-level in northwestern Newfoundland, the rotted rock-mantle not removed by a recent ice-sheet. Vegetation here occupies the deep fissures, but in areas where the mantle has disintegrated into fine gravel and clay the plants are more numerous and are generally dispersed. Fig. 3 (right). Bayard Long collecting Ranunculus pedatifidus var. leiocarpus, western face of Ha-Ha Mountain. Pl. 154. Fig. 1 (upper). On the tableland of Bard Harbor Hill, deeply mantled with angular blocks and gravel; Doctor Hill to the south. Fig. 2 (left). Horizontal limestones, washed by the sea, St. John’s Island. Fig. 3 (right). Horizontal limestones, beyond the reach of the sea, St. John’s Island; the talus not removed by sea nor glacier. Pl. 155. Fig. 1 (upper). John Kanes’s Ladder and limestone escarp- ment to the southwest, Doctor Hill. Note the great accumulation of talus. Fig. 2 (left). Escarpment of Doctor Hill, northeast of John Kanes’s Ladder. Note the high talus. Fig. 3 (right). Looking directly up John Kanes’s Ladder. Note the long-weathered and rotted rock-wall. (To be continued.) A NEW NORTH AMERICAN VARIETY OF CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS. C. A. WEATHERBY. CYSTOPTERIS FRAGILIS (L.) Bernh., var. laurentiana, n. var., planta plerumque valida, frondibus 3.5-4.8 dm. altis, laminis 19-34 cm. longis, 7-13 em. latis, rarius minoribus; stipitibus rubro-tinctis; pinnulis et saepe earum lobis obtusis, indusiis et saepe rhachibus pinnarum subtus minute glandulosis; paleis rhizomatis eglandulosis. Usually a large plant, the fronds 3.5-4.8 dm. high, their blades 19-34 cm. long, 7-13 broad, only occasionally smaller; pinnules and often their segments obtuse; stipes tinged with red; indusia and frequently the rachis of the pinnae beneath, minutely glandular; scales of the rhizome not glandular-margined.—NEWFOUNDLAND: shaded limestone rocks in woods on southwestern slope of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, July 27, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,214; wooded steep shady slope of 130 Rhodora [Jur Mt. Moriah, Bay of Islands, Aug. 11, 1924, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,152; wet shaded rock, Birchy Cove (Curling), Humber Arm, July 6, 1910, Fernald, Wiegand & Kittredge, no. 2329; ravine, Green Gardens, Cape St. George, July 22, 1922, Mackenzie & Griscom, no. 11086. QueBec. Rimouski County: shaded or wet limestone, limestone-conglomerate, and sandstone ledges, Bic, July, 1907, Fernald & Collins, nos. 803, 811, 814; limestone-conglomerate cliffs, headland north of Baptiste Michaud's, Bic, July 18, 1904, Fernald & Collins, 2 sheets, TYPE in Gray Herb. Martane COUNTY: horn- blende-schist ledges along Cap Chat River, Joffre, July 20, 1922, Fernald & Pease, no. 24,790. Gaspe COUNTY: calcareous cliffs, gorge of River Ste. Anne des Monts, Aug. 15, 1906, Fernald & Collins, no. 285; falaises de la Montagne St. Alban, alt. env. 250 m., July 19, 1923, Marie-V'ictorin, Rolland-Germain, Brunel & Rousseau, no. 17040; blocs isolés de conglomérat, Ile Bonaventure, Percé, July 28, 1923, same collectors, no. 17042. MAGDALEN ISLANDS: dans les rochers de gypse, Cap-aux-Meules, Sept. 8, 1919, Marie-Victorin & Rolland- Germain, no. 9333. CAPE BRETON ISLAND: dolomite ledges west of Dingwall, Aug. 18, 1914, Nichols, no. 974; moist sink-holes in plaster, South Ingonish, Aug. 6, 1914, Nichols, no. 678. The variety here proposed adds one more to the many endemic forms detected by Prof. Fernald and his co-workers in the region about the Gulf of St. Lawrence. From all other east-American forms of C. fragilis, it is at once distinguished by its glandular indusia. The glands are small and tend to occur toward the base of the indu- sium, and are sometimes hard to see in dried material; but examina- tion of a few indusia under the binocular will reveal them. From typical C. fragilis, which grows with it in the Laurentian area, and into which it passes, it can usually be readily distinguished by its greater size and blunt pinnules, characters which, Prof. Fernald states, give it in the field the aspect of a C. bulbifera without the long apex of the frond. C. fragilis var. sempervirens Moore (var. canarien- sis (Willd.) Milde) of the Azores and Canary Islands also has glandular indusia, but, though attaining the dimensions of var. lawrentiana, it is more slender, the stipes are always pale, the scales of the rhizome are glandular-margined, and the leaf-form, though more or less variable, is never that of the American plant. Schinz & Thellung, following Chiovenda! and Farwell, write Cys- topteris Filix fragilis, for the reason that the trivial name is printed “F. fragile" in the first edition of the Species Plantarum and that the same abbreviation is there used for the universally accepted 1 Ann. di Bot. i. 210 (1904). Passage not seen; citation from Schinz & Thellung ? Ann. Rep. Mich. Acad. Sci. vi. 200 (1904). 1926] Krumbhaar,—Euphrasia Oakesii in Hamilton Inlet 131 trivial names Filix-mas and Filix-femina.! There is one point in this connection, however, the significance of which these authors seem to have overlooked. In every other case in which Linnaeus uses a double specific name composed of a substantive and an adjectival element, the latter agrees in gender with its own noun, not with the name of the genus, if the two differ? Asplenium Ruta-muraria, Lysimachia Linum-stellatum, and Vaccinium Vitis-idaea are examples. If Linnaeus had intended a double trivial name in this case, he would presumably have followed his otherwise invariable custom and written “F. fragilis." Instead, we find “fragile,” agreeing not with Fili, but with Polypodium, the genus under which he placed the species; and the “ F.” is omitted in the second edition of the Species Plantarum, though retained for “ F. mas” and “ F. femina," Further- more, Filix mas and Filix femina were phrase-names universally known in Linnaeus's time; but there is nothing to indicate, at least in the Linnaean citations, that “ Filiz fragilis" was anything of the kind. Under these circumstances the natural inference is that the of the first edition of the Species Plantarum was an error, corrected by Linnaeus at the first opportunity. It did, indeed, persist through several editions of the Systema; why I do not know unless through inadvertence. At any rate, it seems best to give the familiar “C. fragilis" the benefit of the doubt, and to retain it, rather than to displace it on doubtful evidence; and I have accordingly retained it éé `, LP here. GRAY HERBARIUM. EUPHRASIA OAKESIL IN HAMILTON INLET, LABRADOR.—During the summer Of 1925 I made a small collection of plants from the region around Hamilton Inlet, Labrador. Subsequent study proved one specimen to be Euphrasia Oakesii which, according to the revision of the genus by Fernald and Wiegand (RHopora, xvii. 185), had not been reported before north of Battle Harbor, about 200 miles south. The plant was found on August 8, at Indian Harbor at the mouth of the Inlet, growing quite abundantly in mossy turf in a notch of the ridge of rock that forms the backbone of the island. The situation 1 Vierteljahrss. Naturf. Gesellsch. Zürich Ixi. 414 (1916). 2 See Nieuwland's list of such names, Am. Mid. Nat ii. 100-116 (1911). 132 Rhodora was protected on the north by a small boulder, but was open to the south and east.—G. Doucras KRUMBHAAR, Harvard University. VIOLA PRIMULIFOLIA IN BERKSHIRE COUNTY, MASSACHUSETTS.— In June 1924 the writer, while on a botanical collecting trip in Otis township, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, found a colony of several hundred plants of Viola primulifolia L. along the south shore of Great Lake. This species is not included in the “ Flora of Berkshire County,” recently published by Mr. Ralph Hoffmann. Several of the plants collected were sent to Mr. Hoffmann for examination, and were later deposited by him in the herbarium of the New England Botanical Club.—O. M. Freeman, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. Vol. 28, no. 330, including pages 89 to 112 and pl. 153, was issued 11 June, 1926. Dodora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Conducted and published for the Club, by BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Editor-in-Chief MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD HOLLIS WEBSTER Associate Editors CARROLL WILLIAM DODGE WILLIAM PENN RICH, Publication Committee Vol. 28. August, 1926. No. 332. CONTENTS: The bulbiferous Form of Luzula multiflora. Theo. Holm...... 133 On Solidago rigida L. and Application of old Names. C. A. Weatherby. 138 Botanizing in Newfoundland (continued). M. L. Fernald..... 145 Suaeda maritima, A correction. Walter Deane............... 156 Boston, Mass. | Probidence, R. 3. 300 Massachusetts Ave. Preston and Rounds Co. RHODORA.—A monthly journal of botany, devoted primarily to the flora of New England. Price, $2.00 per year, postpaid (domestic and foreign) ; single copies (if available) 20 cents. Volumes 1-8 or single numbers from them can be sup- plied at somewhat advanced prices which will be furnished on application. Notes and short scientific papers, relating directly or indirectly to the plants of the northeastern states, will be gladly received and published to the extent that the limited space of the journal permits. Forms will be closed five weeks in advance of publication. Authors (of more than one page of print) will re- ceive 25 copies of the issue in which their contributions appear. Extracted re- prints, if ordered in advance, will be furnished at cost. Address manuscripts and proofs to B. L. ROBINSON, 3 Clement Circle, Cambridge, Mass. Subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to W. P. RICH, 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. Entered at Boston, Mass., Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. BOTANICAL BOOKS, New and Second Hand, PRESTON & ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I. CARD-INDEX OF NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS, 1885 TO DATE. For American taxonomists and all students of American plants the most important supplement to the Index Kewensis, this catalogue in several ways exceeds the latter work in detail, since it lists not only the flowering plants, but pteridophytes and cellular crypto- gams, and includes not merely genera and species, but likewise sub- species, varieties and forms. A work of reference invaluable for larger herbaria, leading libraries, academies of sciences, and other centers of botanical activity. Issued quarterly, at $22.50 per 1000 cards. GRAY HERBARIUM of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. CHECK LIST OF GRAY'S MANUAL, 7th EDITION, compiled by M. A. Day. Leatherette. Pocket size. Invaluable for collector's memoranda and herbarium records. Published and sold by the Gray HzRBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. Price postpaid 20 cts. each. Ten copies $1.50. MEMOIRS OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM. A series of illustrated quarto papers issued at irregular intervals, sold separately. Vol. II. Persistence of Plants in unglaciated Areas of Boreal America, by M. L. Fernald, 102 pages. Aug. 1925. $2.00. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. . Advertisements of Nurserymen and Dealers in Botanical and other Scien- tific Publications are inserted in these pages at the following rates per space of 4 in. by 3-4 in. 1 year $4.00, 6 months $2.50. Rhodora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Vol. 28. August, 1926. No. 332. THE BULBIFEROUS FORM OF LUZULA MULTIFLORA. Taero. Horm. A SPECIES of Luzula, which the writer cannot distinguish from the European L. multiflora (Ehrh.) Lej., is very frequent in the vicinity of Washington, D. C., notably in adjoining Maryland. It shows the same structure of the inflorescence and flower, but the perianth is somewhat paler, and, moreover, it is frequently bulbiferous. In Buchenau’s treatment of the Juncaceae,! where Luzula multiflora is referred to L. campestris (Lam.) DC. as a variety, a bulbous plant is mentioned, the so-called L. campestris var. bulbosa Wood.? Buchenau, however, did not consider this as a variety proper, but merely as a form, corresponding with a similar form of the Australian variety migrata Buchenau * caulibus saepe bulbosis” (l. c. p. 94). Since then some other Luzulae have been observed to exhibit a smiliar bulbous structure according to Fernald and Wiegand:? “occasionally in vars. macrantha, comosa, congesta, and multiflora in America," and further- more Professor Fernald has kindly informed us (in litteris) that he has also observed the development of bulbs in var. Mannii from Guinea, and in Luzula subsessilis (S. Wats.) Buchenau. The produc- tion of bulblets, however, is said to be more general in the var. bulbosa Wood than in any of the others. Regarding the geographical distribution of the var. bulbosa Fernald and Wiegand give this as “ New Jersey and southeastern Pennsylvania to Georgia, west to Kansas and Texas, and according to Professor 1 Das Pflanzenreich by A. Engler IV. 36. Leipzig 1906, p. 95. 2 Wood, A. Class-book of Botany. New York 1866, p. 723. 3 M. L. Fernald and K. M. Wiegand. The variations of Luzula campestris in North America. RuHopora Vol. 15. 1913, p. 38. 134 Rhodora [AUGUST Fernald (in litteris) the distribution has been extended north through southern New England into southeastern Massachusetts, where this variety forms a part of the characteristic flora of coastal plain dispersal. Thus so far as concerns the geographical distribution the bulbiferous Luzula, which we intend to describe, might well be referable to var. bulbosa Wood, if it were not for the fact that our material shows the perianth-leaves to be distinctly longer that the mature capsule. We remember that Wood's diagnosis calls for a plant with “sepals shorter than the globular capsule," and as stated by Professor Fernald (in litteris) this character and the production of numerous bulbs dis- tinguish it at once. With reference to our plant we can find no other character of importance by which to distinguish it from Luzula multiflora than the frequent development of bulbs. When we consider Luzula multiflora Lej. as a species distinct from L. campestris DC., contrary to the view of Buchenau and so many other prominent writers on the genus, this has always been our opinion since the time, when in Denmark we had the opportunity to study both species occurring in abundance. It would not be the place here to discuss in detail the characters by which these two species may be distinguished, but the following citation from Lange's Conspectus Florae Groenlandicae (Copenhagen 1880, p. 125) contains the most essential points: “ Luzula multiflora Lej. Crescendi modo dense caespitoso, multicauli, glomerulis densifloris, erectis, florendi tempore magis serotino bene distincta mihi videtur a L. campestri, quae rhizomate repente, caulibus florigeris sparsis, glomerulis pendulis, magis laxifloris instructa est.” In Denmark the flowering time is so different, that Luzula campestris has almost mature fruits, when L. mutliflora begins to bloom. We also wish to refer to Lindman's excellent work on the Flora of Sweden,! where they are described as distinct species. The geographic distri- bution seems to be in favor of the view that they represent distinct species, for according to Buchenau (l. c.) typical Luzula campestris is only frequent in temperate Europe; from countries outside of Europe, Buchenau saw material only from Algiers, Nilgherries, Altai and Trapezunt. On the other hand Luzula multiflora abounds in temperate Europe, Asia and North America. In the paper by 1 Lindman, C. A. M. Svensk Fanerogamflora. Stockholm 1918, p. 157. See also Buchenau: Kritisches Verzeichniss aller bis jetzt beschriebenen Juncaceen. Naturwiss. Verein Bremen 1880, p. 101, where this author considered it most natural to recognize Luzula campestris, L. multiflora and L. pallescens as distinct species. 1926] Holm,—The bulbiferous Form of Luzula multiflora 135 Fernald and Wiegand (l. c.) Luzula campestris, although apparently absent from North America, as it seems according to the statement of Buchenau: “fiir N. America nicht sicher,” is treated as a poly- morphous species with nine varieties, including L. multiflora, said to be the most widely distributed of these. Considering the varieties enumerated by Fernald and Wiegand (l. e.) these are, according to our opinion, closely related to Luzula multiflora with exception of L. comosa Meyer including the varieties: congesta Wats. [not to be confounded with congesta (Thuill.) Buchenau], laxa Buchenau, macrantha Wats. and subsessilis Wats., for the habit of these is very different from that of L. multiflora and L. campestris. Buchenau himself kept the comosa-alliance separate from that of campestris, and he even referred the var. subsessilis Wats. to another section describing it as a species L. subsessilis (S. Wats.) Buchenau next to L. caricina E. Mey. (l. c. p. 67). It seems strange that Buchenau separated Luzula subsessilis from the comosa- alliance, for as shown by the diagnoses, Buchenau was well aware of the singular structure of their inflorescence "spica infima saepe remota, longe stipitata,” besides the structure of the single spikes, as compared with those of the other species. Such morphologic struc- tures are important to classification, but they are frequently over- looked. With regard to the development of bulbs we have seen above, that this is not restricted to a single species or variety, whatever it be, but that it occurs in Luzula multiflora vera, in L. comosa including its varieties, and in some few others. "The structure of these bulbs was described by Buchenau! and his material came from Montenegro and New Holland. The plants having been dried did not show the structure with sufficient distinctness, thus the diagnosis: “ Basis caulis et foliorum incrassata ut bulbus formata" does not indicate the singular habit of this interesting form. Luzula multiflora being frequent in our vicinity we have had fresh material at our disposal, and, moreover, we have had the opportunity to study the plant in the various parts of the season. The vernal stage shows the original position of the bulbs, the autumnal their final, morphologic structure. The plant is bulbiferous and the bulbs represent axillary buds, situated in the axils of the basal, membranace- 1 Buchenau, Fr. Ueber Knollen und Zwiebelbildung bei den Juncaceen. Flora 1801; D: (f. 136 Rhodora [August ous leaves of the aerial, floral and vegetative shoots. Young speci- mens (Fig. 1) purely vegetative begin with a membranaceous, scale- like leaf preceding the green ones, and a small bulb is always developed in the axil of the first leaf, the membranaceous one. At the base of the shoot a relatively large bulb is very con- spicuous, representing the only part left of the preceding year’s growth, and the specimen figured was collected in the early spring. When examined at the autumnal stage, such young specimens show two bulbs, since the scale-leaves have withered and become torn by the growth of the bulb; the green leaves persist through the winter, surrounding the terminal bud, which generally develops into a floral shoot in the succeeding year. The explanation of the position and mor- phological structure of the bulb is actually given by such young specimens. "The plant has dimorphous buds: the apical developing leaves and shoots of the typical structure of Luzula, the axillary having succulent scale- leaves and never producing aerial shoots, being simply storage-organs. In mature specimens, densely caespitose, with several floral and many vegetative shoots, the pos- ition of the numerous bulbs is very compli- cated unless the young stage has been studied. Figs. 2 and 3 illustrate the autumnal stage of old plants, and it is readily to be noticed . that none of the bulbs have increased in Fig. 1. Youngspeci- : à A men of Luzula multi. growth beyond a considerable thickening of flora Lej. forma bulb- the bulb-scales; there is no indication of any osa. . . aerial shoots having been developed from these bulbs, but the original arrangement of the bulb-scales (Fig. 3) has become disturbed by the slow, but continuous growth of the axis, that bears the bulbs, imitating a stoloniferous habit. In figure 2 we have drawn some large bulbs of the typical form during the summer, and some of the bulb-scales show a distinct apex, a rudi- 1926] Holm,—The bulbiferous Form of Luzula multiflora 137 mentary blade, hairy as the green leaves. The structure of the bulb- scales is somewhat peculiar; they consist of a very thick body with the margins relatively broad hyaline, and composed of the epidermis alone. The chlorenchyma of the scales is very compact, homo- geneous, consisting of many strata of isodiametric cells, filled with starch. There are mostly seven very thin mestome-strands in one band; they are of the collateral type and are supported by stereome, thick-walled and especially well represented on the hadrome face, Figs. 2 and 3. Bulbs of mature specimens of the same form, collected in the fall. The figures about twice natural size. while in the green leaves the leptome has the greater, mechanical support. A cross-section of a bulb shows three to five thick scales surrounding a few much smaller and thinner ones, which fail to de- velop any further. None of the specimens examined showed the base of the floral stem to be bulbous. The subterranean stem is profusely branched, but the internodes are very short; they contain a homogeneous cortex of about five strata with deposits of starch; an endodermis thickened in the manner of a U-endodermis; a band of about 18 mestome-strands, several being of the leptocentric type, and surrounded by thin-walled stereome; the narrow pith is solid, and starch-bearing. We have thus in this form of Luzula multiflora a plant with dimor- phous buds, the bulbous being exclusively axillary, performing the function of storage organs, and never producing any aerial shoots, while the typical buds are terminal and produce vegetative and floral shoots. 138 Rhodora [AVGUST The bulbiferous form is the most frequent in this vicinity, but we do not believe that the environment plays any rôle of importance, since we have found this form in sandy soil at the border of pine woods as well as in deciduous woods with rich humus. None of the species of the sections Pterodes and Anthelaea exhibit this structure; it is confined to Gymnodes. In Luzula nodulosa (Bory) E. Mey. of the last section the rhizome is moniliform, but tuberous, not bulbiferous; similar tuberous rhizomes are known from several species of Juncus, for instance J. nodosus, J. marginatus, ete., while bulbs or bulb-like formations, known in the inflorescence of various species of Junci septati and graminifolii are caused by insects, Livia for instance. CLINTON, MARYLAND. ON SOLIDAGO RIGIDA L., AND THE APPLICATION OF OLD BOTANICAL NAMES. C. A. WEATHERBY. Mr. Mackenzie’s recent article on Solidago rigida, in which he concludes that that name belongs to the species generally known as S. patula Muhl., furnishes a striking illustration of the uncertainties into which we are likely to be led by a strictly historical—one is tempted to say archaeological—method of determining the application of Linnaean and other old botanical names. For the case is by no means so clear to others as it appears to him. It may be that the description of Solidago rigida in the Species Plantarum is not to be regarded as original there, though Linnaeus, in making it up, did revise the quoted diagnosis from the Hortus Cliffortianus to the extent of adding the word *scabris"; nor as based on the specimen in the Linnaean herbarium. But that speci- men may have been part of the basis of the undoubtedly original description in the Hortus Cliffortianus; Linnaeus received “all the duplicates of the Clifford herbarium”? and for aught Mr. Mackenzie tells us, this may have been one of them. It might have been well to determine this point before altogether rejecting the specimen as representative of the species. ! Rnopona xxviii. 20-31 (1926). ? See Jackson, Proc. Linn. Soc. cxxiv, suppl. 11 (1912). 1926] Weatherby,—On Solidago rigida L. 139 In any case, Linnaeus had certainly seen a specimen when he wrote the description in the Hortus Cliffortianus—a specimen * ramis i fastigiatis, corymbis terminatricibus.” A blind man feel- ing with his fingers could hardly apply these terms to the strongly racemose inflorescence of S. patula, in which the lower branches tend to be remote and spreading and all are almost always floriferous at least to the middle and often nearly to the base. On the other hand, the phrases of Linnaeus apply well to S. rigida as currently interpreted, in which the branches tend to be ascending and crowded toward the summit of the stem and are only exceptionally floriferous for as much as half their length, usually bearing corymbiform inflorescences at or near their apices. And a manuscript note of Dr. Gray’s states that the specimen of “Solidago foliis caulinis ovatis" etc., in the Clifford herbarium is actually S. rigida of current manuals. There can, then, be little or no doubt that S. rigida, in its traditional sense, is an element in the S. rigida of Linnaeus. Are we, by the historical method, to regard the Clifford specimen as the type, to be associated with the original description of the Hort. Cliff., with which Linnaeus placed as a synonym Herman’s “Virga aurea novae angliae, lato rigidoque folio" (erroneously, if Herman’s plate really represents S. patula); or are we, following the principle of the name- bringing synonym, to take Herman's plate (always supposing that it represents S. patula) as representative of the species, and the Clifford specimen and description as erroneously associated with it by Linnaeus? In the similar case of Limodorum tuberosum,’ Mr. Mackenzie chooses what corresponds to the former alternative; in this instance, he adopts the latter—without, as it appears to me, arriving at any conclusive results. Herman's plate? is “excellent” in the technique of engraving; but it is not an accurate representation of either of the two species con- cerned. The lower leaves will do very well for S. patula; but the strongly ascending branches, beset with broad-based leaves and . bearing terminal corymbs of flowers are quite wrong for that species. It is as if the artist had combined the two. Herman’s description is similarly unsatisfactory; much of it seems to apply to S. patula, but the statement that the leaves are “as if embracing the stem at base" is at least greatly exaggerated for that species, but accurate enough 1 RHopora xxvii. 193-196 (1925). ? Parad. Bot. t. 243 (1705). 140 Rhodora [AvGvsT for many specimens of S. rigida, in which the broad, subcordate bases of the leaves do appear amplexicaul. And finally the phrase "tactu aspera" on which Mr. Mackenzie so much relies, applies to either species; the leaves of S. rigida are also strongly scabrous, most so beneath. More might be said, but the above should be enough to show in what an unsatisfied state we are left by the method of determining the application of the Linnaean name followed by Mr. Mackenzie. Yet all the while we have before us two perfectly definite facts—the specimen in the Linnaean herbarium, concerning the identity of which there is no doubt, and the unanimous interpretation of the species by (to go no further) Michaux, Pursh, Eaton, Torrey, Gray, Wood, and Britton. The verticillate Eupatoria present a similar picture. They have been studied by Wiegand! and Mackenzie? The two agree perfectly as to the taxonomy of the group, but disagree just as completely as to the application of the three Linnaean names concerned. Repeated rereading of their papers in an effort to arrive at some conclusion satisfactory to me, has convinced me that one argument is, as an argument, precisely as good as the other. Each has its strong and weak points; each is based partly on assumption. We are left with the necessity, if we wish to be certain of being understood, of labelling every specimen in the group with two names, one according to Wie- gand and one according to Mackenzie. Yet, here again, there are in the Linnaean herbarium specimens of all three species, which were in his possession when the original portions of his descriptions were written. They could probably be identified by a botanist familiar with the rather technical species involved; so identified and accepted as types, they would at once end the present annoying and hampering ambiguity. Surely, in cases like these, the concrete fact of the Linnaean specimen should be allowed to decide what is otherwise incapable of decision. It might, indeed, be plausibly argued that, if we were really willing to accept the rule that botanical nomenclature begins in 1753 as meaning what it says, specimens in Linnaeus' possession in that year would a priori become types of his species, regardless of the nomen- clatorially invalid pre-Linnaean citations with which he may have 1 Ruopona xxii. 57-70 (1920). ? Op. cit. xxii. 157-165 (1920). 1926] Weatherby,—On Solidago rigida L. 141 associated them.! I am not, however, advocating anything so extreme and so liable to produce its own crop of confusion; as has repeatedly been pointed out,? Linnaean specimens are often not types in the modern sense; and, what is more important, it is in the highest degree doubtful if any rule can be devised which will work satisfactorily in all cases or even the majority of them. The cir- cumstances are so various that each is best judged on its own merits. But there are certain considerations which can always and profitably be borne in mind. In the first place (and this is quite generally forgotten) botanical nomenclature is not in itself primarily a subject for scientific investiga- tion, or a branch of historical research, but a practical device, closely analogous to language. Like language, it has (aside from the work of a few nomenclatorial theorists) assumed its present form through the gradual and more or less spontaneous growth of a body of usage; like language, it is useful just in proportion to the degree in which its component units are employed by everyone in the same sense. The amateur speaks from a sound instinct when he protests against change, even though he has commonly little understanding of the technical difficulties which confront the professional. It is a genuine misfortune when names like Quercus rubra and Solidago rigida, which for a century and three-quarters have been so consistently and accurately used in a given sense that they have not even accumulated an appreciable synonymy, are shifted from their well-nigh immemorial applications. One could wish that in such cases the principle of the nomen conservandum could be extended to specific names and made to include their application as well as the names themselves. But this principle would not often have to be invoked if we would bear in mind a second simple consideration—that, if we are ever to achieve stability in the application of old names, we must cling wherever possible, to what is definite and indisputable, and flee from what is merely interpretative, conjectural, and open to argument. The concrete fact may, be, as in the above cases, a specimen; it may be a good plate; it may be simply established usage. Very often the best way to arrive at stability is merely to let well enough alone; that 1 This, of course, would reverse the method—of the name-bringing synonym— generally employed for post-Linnaean literature; but it would make 1753 a real starting-point, not, as is the tendency at present, a more and more insignificant milestone on the road of nomenclatorial history. 2 See, for instance, Blake, Ruopora xx. 21 (1918). 142 Rhodora [AuGusT is, to follow usage unless we can certainly prove it wrong. And by wrong, I do not mean inconsistent with our own individual concep- tions of an ideal nomenclatorial system, or with our opinions as to the technical application of existing rules, but demonstrably mistaken. I am not, of course, arguing against all change; unless we are to become fossilized, change there must be, until our knowledge is perfect. But I am protesting against unnecessary change; and in particular against shifts in typification made on the basis of incon- clusive bibliographical investigation, or on any other basis except irrefragable evidence of error. The above considerations apply with double force to generic names, where a shift may affect, not one only, but many combinations. Here the makers of the International Rules did wisely in leaving the matter of the typification of genera rather vague. They doubtless. realized that in many instances it had, for all practical purposes, been already accomplished; in others, it could be hoped that the conclusions of competent monographers would in time win universal acceptance. Is it practicable to go much further? I look forward with misgiving to the ultimate consequences of the rules for the typification of genera contained in the American Code and in the Type-Basis Code, which it is now proposed to incorporate in the International Rules. Both, at least in their published applica- tions, show the same readiness as does Mr. Mackenzie to pursue the chronologically primary element into the hazy and amorphous distances of pre-Linnaean literature, with the same probability of inconclusive results. Both present so complicated a series of alter- natives that there is almost certain to be difference of opinion as to their application in any doubtful case. Both have to deal with the inherent difficulty of imposing the modern notion of types on the work of old authors whose heads it never entered. Both, there- fore, may be expected to produce a high percentage of uncertainty and argument—and of these commodities we have enough already. Probably, stability in generic nomenclature would most surely be approximated by the use of a method like the following. 1. The Species Plantarum should be made a real starting-point. All the genera of Linnaeus should be accepted as there constituted, regardless of the source from which he took their names, or of the sense in which these names were used by the authors from whom he took them. All species in a given genus should be regarded as equally 1926] Weatherby,—On Solidago rigida L. 143 eligible to serve as the generic type, unless very definitely excluded by collateral cireumstances.! 2. Where a genus has been later divided, the application of the name should be determined simply by current majority usage, as expressed in standard works. Should these prove hopelessly at variance, some of the provisions of the American Code might be employed as a secondary means of arriving at a conclusion.” In other words, the typification of Linnaean and other old genera should be done, not at the beginning of their history, as is now being attempted, but at the end, after the accumulated results of taxonomic work have been taken into consideration. Such a method would not be arbitrary, in any proper sense; on the contrary, since it would endeavor to follow the lines of the actual development of nomenclatorial practice, it would be much less arbitrary than the setting up of ex post facto rules. It would be simple and at least apparently practical. It would enable us at once and without further argument, to retain such names as Pteris and Pteridium, Holcus and Sorghum, Aira and Deschampsia, Sisym- brium and Erysimum, Leontodon and Taraxacum, and even Gerardia, in their traditional senses. And it would support the sound principle 1 As, for example, certain species of Acrostichum, like A. platyneuron and A. polypodioides, which belong to other Linnaean genera; or, perhaps, species directly designated by Linnaeus as exceptional in their genera. 2 When once the group to which the generic name is to belong has been thus determined, the choosing of an individual type species, if thought necessary, becomes of little importance and might be accomplished by any practicable means. In many cases, the type would automatically choose itself, through there being but one Linnaean species in the segregate genus. 3 There is a certain tendency to use this term as a generally derogatory adjective, applicable to any system but one’s own. 4 For shifts in the application of tbese names see Britton, Flora of Bermuda 419 (1918): Illustrated Flora, ed. 2, ii. 162, 173, iii. 315 (1913): Mackenzie, RHODORA xxvii. 28, 47, 65 (1925); Hitchcock, Am. Journ. Bot. viii. 253, 255 (1921). x. 512 (1923). It may here be remarked that the interpretations of the International Rules given by Hitchcock and Mackenzie appear to me, in the light of the examples cited in these rules, wholly without authority. These authors simply read into the rules their own ideas as to typification. For instance, Art. 45 of the International Rules provides that when a genus is divided, if it contains a section or some other division which, judging by its name or its species, is the type or origin of the group, the name is reserved for that part of it. The single example given is as follows: "the genus Helianthemum contained, according to Dunal (in DC. Prodr. I. 266—284 {1824]), 112 well-known species distributed in nine sections; several cf these sections have since been raised to generic rank (Fumana Spach, Tuberaria Spach) but the name Helianthemum has been kept for the divisions grouped round the section Euheli- anthemum." It is indeed hard to find in this example, expressly chosen to illustrate the meaning of Art. 45, any justification for Hitchcock's argument that the ‘‘ historic type" of Panicum is P. italicum L., and that the name Panicum should therefore be applied to Setaria under the International Rules (Am. Journ. Bot. viii. 252-253). 144 | Rhodora [AUGUST that the judgment of our predecessors, on whose work our own is necessarily based, expressed in usage, is not to be summarily thrust out of court, as by the American Code, or given incidental and sub- ordinate consideration, as by the Type-Basis Code, but to carry its due influence. It has been objected that usage is variable and hard to determine; but this difficulty is, I believe, more apparent than real. The familiar names are not always those that we learned;! they may be, as in the case of Solidago rigida, also those which our botanical fathers, grandfathers, and great-grandfathers learned before us. As to cur- rent usage, I have before me five representative European manuals— Bentham & Hooker’s British Flora, ed. 7; Bonnier & de Layens’s Flore de France; Archangeli’s Flora Italiana, 2nd ed.; Schinz & Thellung’s Flora der Schweiz, ed. 4; and Garcke’s Flora von Deutsch- land ed. 22. Representatives of eight of the ten genera listed above as the subject of recent shifts under the American and Type-Basis codes appear in all of these floras. There are differences among them as to generic limits; two do not recognize Deschampsia and only two take up Pteridium. But whenever a genus is recognized at all, it appears under the same name and contains the same nucleus of Linnaean species—is used, that is, in precisely the same sense. The same is true of the American manuals at hand up to the publication of the second edition of the Illustrated Flora in 1913; I have no doubt it would prove true if the genera concerned were followed back at least to the Prodromus and Kunth’s Enumeratio. In these cases, and in hundreds of others, usage has become crystallized and definite; what advantage can there be in disturbing achieved definiteness, or in opening the way to disturbing it, merely to satisfy a theoretical and largely untried system? In 1896, Ascherson & Graebner wrote, in the preface to their Synopsis der mitteleuropäischen Flora, “ We hold that nomenclature should be considered, not as an end in itself, but only as a means to the end of the widest possible intelligibility ; and that therefore there Similarly, his citation of Art. 19 as supporting his typification of Holcus overlooks the fact that this article has nothing whatever to do with typification, but was in- tended simply to legalize the adoption of the genera of the Species Plantarum, which were there published without the description required by the rules. (See Art. 38). 1Cf. Hitchcock, Am. Journ. Bot. xiii. 291 (1926). 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 145 is no question of principle in regard to it, but only of expediency.” These are wise words; they might well be inscribed above the chair- man's seat in any assembly where botanical nomenclature is discussed. East HARTFORD, CONN. TWO SUMMERS OF BOTANIZING IN NEWFOUNDLAND. M. L. FERNALD. (Continued from p. 129.) Part III. NorEwoRrTHY VASCULAR PLANTS COLLECTED IN NEW- FOUNDLAND, 1924 anD 1925. THERE is no satisfactory list of Newfoundland plants, and the detailed Flora which Professor Wiegand and I began in 1910 still needs so many finishing touches that it cannot now be presented. During the past two seasons, however, so many plants have been found which are new to the flora either of Newfoundland or of eastern America that their orderly enumeration at this time is appropriate; and, in order to determine the exact identities of some species, detailed revisions of certain groups have been necessary. In so far as these revisions are completed they are here presented; but certain groups, highly developed in the flora of Newfoundland, still await more critical study and reports upon them must be deferred. These include, among others, the genera Poa, Polygonum § Avicularia, Cochlearia, Euphrasia, Campanula and Taraxacum. In some cases, where new northern or southern limits in Newfoundland have been established, it has seemed appropriate to note species already known from remote sections of the island; and in a few cases new species are described or combinations made for extra-limital plants which have come to my attention in studying those of Newfoundland. WoopsiA ALPINA (Bolton) S. F. Gray. Dry limestone cliffs, western face of Doctor Hill, and calcareous escarpments, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 27,203, 27,204. See pp. 124, 125. Earlier collections only from Notre Dame Bay. 1 “Sind wir . . . der Méinung, dass die Nomenclatur stets nur als Mittel zum Zweck der Verständigung in móglichst weiten Kreise, nicht aber als Selbstzweck betrachtet darf, and dass es dabei nur Zweckmassigkeits-, nirgend aber Rechtsfragen gibt. " 146 Rhodora [Avausr W. GLABELLA R. Br. Crests of limestone escarpment, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,205. Seep.124. Not previously known from north of Port-à-Port Bay and Notre Dame Bay. CYSTOPTERIS BULBIFERA (L.) Bernh. Shaded base of wet escarp- ments of calcareous sandstone, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,206, the first station north of Bay of Islands. See p. 127. At its northernmost station C. bulbifera is associated with a peculiarly boreal group of species, including the two preceding and Poa alpina L., Luzula spicata (L.) DC., Salix vestita Pursh, S. calcicola Fern. & Wieg., Draba rupestris R. Br., Arabis alpina L., Saxifraga cespitosa L., S. oppositifolia L., etc. C. Montana (Lam.) Bernh. Mossy glades in spruce thickets, Savage Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,153. See p. 75. The only station known in Newfoundland. Found directly across the Straits, at Forteau and Blanc Sablon on the Labrador side. THELYPTERIS SPINULOSA (O. F. Muell.) Nieuwl., var. fructuosa (Gilbert), n. comb. Nephrodium spinulosum fructuosum Gilbert, List N. A. Pterid. 37 (1901). T. spinulosa, var. fructuosa stands out rather definitely in the series of variants of T. spinulosa. In Newfoundland it is more generally distributed than var. intermedia (Muhl.) Nieuwl. The writer finds the following arrangement of the eastern American varieties of T. spinulosa useful and it may be of service to others. a. Basal inferior and superior pinnules of the lowermost pinnae subopposite, rarely more than 4 mm. apart; the inferior 1-6 cm. long, if more than twice as long as the superior not eexeeding the 2nd inferior pinnule b. b. Frond glabrous, twice pinnate; the pinnae obliquely as- cending, gradually tapering to apex; their pinnules rarely cleft nearly to the middle; the basal inferior one usually longer than the 2nd inferior one: indusia glabrous: scales of the stipe pale-brown or cinnamon-color...T. spinulosa (typical). b. Frond commonly minutely glandular especially on the rhachis and rhacheolae, tripinnatifid or sometimes tri- pinnate; the pinnae slightly ascending to divergent; the basal inferior one shorter than to rarely exceeding the 2nd inferior one: indusia glandular: scales of the stipe usually dark-brown at base c. c. Mature indusia 0.8-1.4 mm. broad: pinnae gradually tap- ering to APEX........................ hs Var. fructuosa. c. Mature indusia 0.5-0.8 mm. broad: pinnae usually nar- rowed rather abruptly to prolonged lance-linear tips Var. intermedia (Muhl.) Nieuwl. a. Basal inferior and superior pinnules of the lowest pinnae remote, 0.5-2 cm. apart; the inferior 3-10 em. long, 2-4 times as long as the superior and commonly exceeding the 2nd inferior pinnule d. d. Frond ovate to ovate-triangular, 1-6.5 dm. long, 1-4 dm. broad, tripinnatifid (the basal pinnae simetimes tri- 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 147 pinnate), not glandular; the lower pinnules of the lowermost pinnae with oblong obtuse sharply toothed or cleft segments: rhachises of the spreading-ascending pinnae naked or with scattered linear- to lance-attenuate spreading scales: indusia glabrous Var. americana (Fisch.) Weatherby. d. Frond lanceolate, broad at base, gradually tapering from near the middle to the elongate tip, 2-6 dm. long, 1.2-2.5 dm. broad, tripinnate (the basal pinnae sometimes quadripinnate), somewhat glandular beneath; the ultimate divisions (of the 3rd or 4th order) of the lower- most pinnae elliptic-lanceolate to narrowly rhombic, subpetiolulate to petiolulate: rhachises of the spreading- ascending to falcate-recurving pinnae bearing ovate brown scales as well as bristle-like chaff: indusia glandu- PY SI RER 2e Var. concordiana (Davenp.) Weatherby. The wholly anomalous var. concordiana, it may be noted, has been known only from the original individual. It is very similar to and perhaps identical with the equally anomalous and rare English Lastrea dilatata, var. lepidota Moore. In one of Schinz & Thellung’s papers, in Vierteljahrss. Natur. Gesells. Zürich, Ix. 339 (1915), Dryopteris austriaca (Jacq.) H. Woynar is published as a new combination based upon Polypodium austriacum Jacq. Obs. Bot. i. 45 (1764). It is frankly admitted, however, that the exact identity of P. austriacum is in doubt, for “ P. austriacum Jacq. wird meistens zu D. spinulosa gezogen; nach Woynar soll sie speciell zur Unterart dilatata (Hoffm.) C. Christensen gehoren." Jacquin's description is wholly unconvincing and it is difficult to find specimens of the Thelypteris spinulosa group which satisfy his requirement of sericeous-woolly bases: "Petioli omnes sunt pilosi, pinnae & stipes inferior minus; sed hic ad basin languine sericea obducitur." The character, pilose fronds ("frondibus supra de- compositis, pilosis"), is also difficult to reconcile with either T. spinulosa or its var. dilatata. To displace the long-used and clearly understood names, Polypodium spinulosum Muell. (1777) and P. dilatatum Hoffm. (1796), by such an indefinite name as P. austriacum Jacq. can lead only to confusion or perpetual doubt. THELYPTERIS Fizix-Mas (L.) Nieuwl. Frequent and abundant on rich slopes and calcareous talus along the Straits of Belle Isle and generally southward near the West Coast. See p. 110. PozxsricauM Lowcnrris (L.) Roth. Exposed or partly shaded limestone ledges or talus, Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,231; Cape Norman, Wieg- and, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 27, 232; western face of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,235. See p. 102. 148 Rhodora [AuGUST Not previously known from north of Bay of Islands and Notre Dame Bay. ATHYRIUM ALPESTRE (Hoppe) Rylands, var. AMERICANUM Butters. Abundant and very handsome on quartzite rocks and gravels along brooks in gulches of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John. See p. 117. This and the upper slopes of Tabletop Mts., Gaspé, are the only known regions for this problematic plant east of the Rocky Mts. On luxuriant clumps the fronds become 9 dm. long and 2.5 dm. wide. ASPLENIUM VIRIDE Hudson. Exposed or partially shaded lime- stone along the Straits of Belle Isle, from Big Brook to Burnt Cape, the fronds subcoriaceous and tough, often forming dense turf. See p. 99. Limestone cliffs and ledges, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,249, Fernald & Long, no. 27,253. Not previously known from north of Bay of Islands. CRYPTOGRAMMA STELLERI (Gmel.) Prantl. Frequent in crevices of calcareous ledges and cliffs, by streams and on escarpments of the Highlands of St. John; not previously known from north of Cow Head. See p. 118. POLYPODIUM VIRGINIANUM L. Locally abundant on mossy crests and shaded ledges, Highlands of St. John; not previously known from north of Cow Head. SCHIZAEA PUSILLA Pursh. Wet bog-barrens, Trepassey and Biscay Bay, Fernald & Long, nos. 26,156, 26,157, the first stations on the Avalon Peninsula. See p. 84. OsMUNDA CLAYTONIANA L. Slopes and gulches of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotch- kiss, nos. 27,264, 27,265, the first stations on the West Coast north of Bay of Islands. See p. 124. O. CINNAMOMEA L. Coniferous woods on lower southwestern slope of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,266, the first station on the West Coast north of Chimney Cove. Borrycuium Lunaria (L.) Sw. Common in turf or peat over- lying limestone, western Newfoundland, and along the Straits quite to Quirpon. See p. 59. Passing to var. ONONDAGENSE (Underw.) Clute, which is more inclined to occur in shade but which, when occur- ring in the open, seems to be more sensitive than typical B. Lunaria. See p. 119. B. LANCEOLATUM (S. G. Gmel) Angstr. Dryish meadow-slope south of Ship Cove, Sacred Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,273, the only definite station known to us. See p. 122. Recorded from Newfoundland, without locality, by Underwood, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxx. 46 (1903). i B. MATRICARIAEFOLIUM A. Br. Dryish meadow south of Ship Cove, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,276 (see p. 122); very scarce 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 149 on turfy slopes and trap talus, Sacred Island, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,274, Fernald & Long, no. 27,275; very scarce, turfy shore, Flower Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 27,277. New to Newfound- land. EQUISETUM PRATENSE Ehrh. Mossy glades in spruce woods north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald & Long, no. 27,284, the first . station east of the Gaspé Peninsula. See p. 125. LYCOPODIUM INUNDATUM L., var. BicELovir Tuckerm. Margins of shallow pools in peaty barrens, Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,181; wet bog-barrens, Trepassey, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,182; collected in dried-out pools in tundra, Quarry, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 4365. See pp. 56, 84. A coastal plain extreme heretofore not positively identified from northeast of Nova Scotia. ISOËTES MACROSPORA Dur. Pools and rills among the gneiss hills, Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,196; collected in 1910 at Curling by Fernald & Wiegand (no. 2404). Recorded by Pfeiffer only from the Avalon Peninsula. I. TuckERMANI A. Br. Gravelly margins of ponds, Whitbourne, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, nos. 26,197, 26,198; muddy bottom of shallow pool, Cape Dégrat, Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 27,302; also in pond, Frenchman’s Cove, Bay of Islands, Mackenzie & Griscom, no. 10,031. See pp. 85, 120. Records by Pfeiffer only from Quiddy Viddy Lake. POTAMOGETON VAGINATUS Turcz. In dead water near tide-limit, East Brook, St. Barbe Bay, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,327; in water over muddy limestone pavement, large pond in barrens south of Flower Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 27,328; new to Newfoundland. See p. 127. P. cowrkERvorpES Reichenb. Shallow pools in peaty barrens among the gneiss hills, Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,225. See p. 56. Heretofore known in Newfoundland only from the central and southeastern areas. P. Hi Morong. In dead water over muddy limestone pave- ment, large pond in barrens south of Flower Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 27,330, the first from northeast of Vermont. See p. 127. The winter-buds, heretofore scarcely known, were splendidly developed, as large as in P. obtusifolius M. & K., but with characteristic bristle- tipped ligules and leaves. P. Friesir Rupr. Dead water near tide-limit, East Brook, St Barbe Bay, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,331, the first in Newfound- land from north of Harry's River. See p. 127. P. Oaxestanus Robbins. Pond-hole in boggy spots on hills, western side of Quirpon Island, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,339, the first from north of Bonne Bay and Notre Dame Bay. See p. 120. P. PRAELONGUS Wulfen. Deep water of large pond, Cook Point, 150 Rhodora [AuGUsT Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,346, the first from north of the Humber and Notre Dame Bay. Afterward collected on the Labrador side of the Straits (Trout Pond, Blanc Sablon River, Fernald & Long, no. 27,347). ZANNICHELLIA PALUSTRIS L., var. MAJOR (Boenn.) Koch. Dead water near tide-limit, East Brook, St. Barbe Bay, Wiegand & Hotch- kiss, no. 27,349, the first on the West Coast from north of Bay St. George. See p. 127. GLYCERIA FERNALDIT (Hitche.) St. John. Shallow water of old beaver pond near the Yellow Marsh, back of Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,361, the first from north of Bay of Islands. G. FLUITANS (L.) R. Br. Along spring-rill in swale, Trepassey, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,311, an extension southward from the region of St. John's; also in swales at Bay Bulls. See pp. 83, 85. PUCCINELLIA COARCTATA Fern. & Weath. Apparently of general occurrence in northwestern Newfoundland, often occurring in lime- stone gravel or humus above the direct influence of sea-water. See p. 118. In 1916 (Rnopona, xviii. 1, 2) Mr. Weatherby and I pointed out that the name Puccinellia Parlatore (1848) has precedence as a validly published generic name over Atropis. But since European students, to whose judgment we should ordinarily defer, notably Briquet and Schinz and 'Thellung!, are maintaining Atropis it is perhaps advisable to reiterate the main arguments for and against it. In Ruprecht's Flores Samojedorum Cisuralensium? several species of Poa were enumerated with parenthetical sectional or subgeneric names: “ Poa (Phippsia) algida (R. Br.),” “Poa (Catabrosa) airoides Koel." “Poa (Atropis) distans L.," ete. and at the close of the discussion of “Poa (Dupontia) pelligera" occurred the following: "Observatio necessaria. Arctophila* a Catabrosa (airoide) prae- sertim differt glumarum conformatione et longitudine, hac nota etiam et insuper valvulis ecostatis a Glyceria R. Br. recedit. Atropis Trin. (P. distans) Catabrosae quoad glumas proxima, spiculas habet (saltem in statu virgineo) lineares, fere teretes; in Arctophila nostra semper ex ovato-oblongae vel lanceolatae. E. conditione glumarum generum serles fortasse sequens: Dupontia, Arctophila, Poa, Atropis, Cata- brosa, Phippsia, Coleanthus." ete. It has been pointed out that in translating Ruprecht's Latin, Weatherby and I made an error and that the last sentence should begin, “From the condition of the ! Schinz & Thell. Vierteljahrss. Naturf. Gesells. Zür. Ixviii. 459-461 (1923). 2 Rupr, Beitr. zur Pflanzenk. des russischen Reiches ii. 61, 64 (1845). 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 151 glumes a series of genera perhaps as follows.” This, however, does not change our main contention that, since Ruprecht definitely treated all these plants as Poa and only by a comment at the end of the treatment half-heartedly tried to call them a series of genera, still using the initial * P." “P. distans" and “P. (Dupontia) psilo- santha," the genus Atropis (and other genera with it) was not ade- quately launched. As we have already pointed out, “it is noteworthy that most authors who take up Atropis cite not only the Ruprecht reference but the later reference to Grisebach in Ledebour (1853)! as validating the genus. Grisebach, in Ledebour, certainly gave a clear generic characterization and treated the species unequivocally as species of Atropis, so that Atropis as a well published genus should date from Grisebach's treatment in 1853. In 1848, however, Parla- tore, with equal clarity and completeness had characterized Puc- cinellia as a genus to include some of the species, P. distans and P. maritima, later placed by Grisebach under Atropis; and it seems to us that the cause of sound nomenclature is best served by maintaining the fully and definitely published Puccinellia Parlatore (1848) rather than the inadequately and uncertainly published Atropis Trinius in Ruprecht (1845, validated by Grisebach in 1853)." The last point is most important, Shall we gain a sound and stable nomenclature by choosing generic names which are doubtfully or only half-heartedly published instead of those which are put forward with definiteness and presision? FEsTUCA SUPINA Schur. Abundant on calcareous gravel and rock along the Straits of Belle Isle. See p. 102. Previous records from mountains to the south. F. viviPARA (L.) Sm. In peat or turf, rarely on open gravel, abundant in northwestern Newfoundland. See pp. 53, 59. It is not satisfactory to consider F. vivipara merely a viviparous state of F. supina or of F. ovina L., as is done in Europe. The latter is not indigenous in America, merely an introduction from Europe, but both F. supina and F. vivipara are indigenous in boreal America. If F. vivipara were merely a viviparous state of F. ovina or of F. supina its occasional non-viviparous panicles should be like those of the latter species. In F. ovina and F. supina, however, the lemnas are distinctly aristate; but in F. vivipara they are muticous. The change from a fertile to a viviparous spikelet should not also alter the lemmas from aristate to muticous. 1 Griseb. in Ledeb. Fl. Ross. iv. 388 (1853). 152 Rhodora [AvGUsT . F. cAPILLATA Lam. Dry gneiss crests and ridges back of Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,319; silicious gravelly slope, Harbour Breton, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,320. Earlier collections indicate a range across the breadth of southern New- foundland, where the plant is clearly indigenous. See pp. 50, 56. Poa ALPINA L., var. BIVONAE (Parl.) St. John. Dripping slaty cliffs by waterfall, John Kanes’s Ladder, western face of Doctor Hill, Fernald & Long, no. 27,400. The only other Newfoundland collection is from Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay. P. ALPINA, var. FRIGIDA (Gaud.) Reichenb. Turfy or gravelly limestone shores, tundra or barrens, rather general along the Straits of Belle Isle and south to St. John Bay; also about Port-à-Port Bay and Bay St. George: Boat Harbor, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,393; Big Brook, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,390; Sandy (Poverty) Cove, Pease & Griscom, no. 27,389; Brig Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,293; St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,396; Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay, Fernald & St. John, no. 10,784, Mackenzie & Griscom, no. 10,083; Green Gardens, Cape St. George, Mackenzie & Griscom, no. 11,041. The first American records. See pp. 79, 97. P. ALPINA, var. BREVIFOLIA Gaud. Dry limestone barrens, from Straits of Belle Isle south of St. John Bay: Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,391; Boat Harbor, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,392; Savage Cove, Fernald, Pease & Long, no. 27,394; St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wieg- and, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no 27,397. The first records from America. See p. 102. Poa Laxa Haenke. Damp quartzite cliffs along upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,405, the first collection from Newfoundland. See p. 124. CaTABROSA AQUATICA (L.) Beauv. Abundant along the Straits and probably the length of the West Coast. Tremendously variable; in rich swales and sloughs with panicles more than 1 dm. long, in drier habitats with them reduced to 2 cm. HORDEUM BOREALE Scribn. & Sm. Turfy or gravelly slopes, swales, and strands, abundant at the eastern end of the Straits of Belle Isle: Little Quirpon, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 27,440; Mauve Bay, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,442; Ship Cove, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,441. Seep.121. Our only previous record was from Port Saunders. A species of the north Pacific slope of America known in the East only from northern Newfoundland and adjacent Labrador. TRISETUM MELICOIDES (Michx.) Vasey. By brook in boggy thicket southeast of Flower Cove, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,456, the first Newfoundland station outside the Exploits valley. DESCHAMPSIA CESPITOSA (L.) Beauv. This polypmorhous cir- cumpolar species is represented in eastern America by four clearly 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 153 defined varieties, three of which occur in Newfoundland. Their diagnostic characters are indicated below. a. Culms 0.65-1.7 m. high, 2-6 mm. in diameter at base: leaves elongate, flat or only tardily involute; the basal mostly 1.5-6 dm. long, with ligules 5-12 mm. long; the Jower cauline with blades 1.5-4 dm. long: panicle 1.5-4.5 dm. long, diffuse b. b. Spikelets 3.5-5.5 mm. long............................. Var. genuina. b. Spikelets 2-3 mm. long............................ Var. parviflora. a. Culms 0.7-7.5 dm. high, 1-2.5 mm. in diameter at base: leaves flat or involute; the basal mostly 0.3-3 dm. long, with ligules 2-7 mm. long; the lower cauline with blades 0.1-1.8 dm. long: panicle 0.2-2.2 dm. long c. c. Spikelets 34.5 mm. long: panicle lax, rather diffuse during PRET Sc cece nS RE tape eee oe la cee cares Var. glauca. c. Spikelets 4.5-7 mm. long: panicle commonly contracted, occasionally diffuse, during anthesis................ Var. littoralis. Var. GENUINA Gren. & Godr. Fl. de France, iii. 507 (1855). Aira cespitosa L. Sp. Pl. i. 64. (1753). A. altissima Moench, Meth. 182 (1794). D. cespitosa (L.) Beauv. Agrost. 91, 160, expl. Pl. xviii. (1812). A. cespitosa, e. firmula Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Sil. i. 60 1827). A. cespitosa genuina Reichenb. Ic. Fl. Germ. i. t. XCVI. fig. 1682 (1834). A. cespitosa b) altissima (Moench) Aschers. Fl. Brand. 1. 833 (1864).—Newfoundland; Montana to southern British Columbia, south to Colorado, Nevada and California; Eurasia. The following are characteristic. NEWFOUNDLAND: sandy and gravelly banks, Whitbourne, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 4599; upper border of gravelly margin of Junction Pond, Whitbourne, Fernald & Long, no. 26,282; gravelly thickets along Harry's River, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 2589. Montana: Bozeman, Rydberg, no. 2219; wet meadow, Sheep Creek, Rydberg, no. 3301. WYOMING: Laramie, Merrill, no. 25. Coronapo: slopes, Mt. Carbon, T'idestrom, no. 3725. Ipano: Forks of St. Mary's River, Leiberg, no. 1118; canyon at head of South Fork of the Humboldt, Heller; no. 9727. Catirornta: Prattville, Heller & Kennedy, no. 8790; Mt. Eddy, Copeland, no. 3798. OREGON: wet soil in shade of Coniferae, Big Meadows, Des Chutes River, Leiberg, no. 523; Camas Prairie, Griffith & Hunter, no. 76; ditch, Salem, Nelson, no. 1354. Brirish CoLuMBIA: summit of Selkirk Mts., J. Macoun; Chilliwack Valley, J. M. Macoun, no. 26,084. Var. PARVIFLORA (Thuill.) Richter, Pl. Eu. i. 56 (1890). Aira parviflora Thuill. Fl. Par. ed. 2, i. 38 (1799). ? A. cespitosa Q. vires- cens Wimm. & Grab. Fl. Sil. i. 60 (1827).—Locally in New England where introduced from Europe. Marne: damp hollow, woods and thickets along shore, Islesboro, Woodward, Bissell & Fernald, no. 8743. MassacHusETTs: edge of field, Washington, July 17, 1919, Hoffmann. CoNNECTICUT: open swamp, very abundant, Franklin, July 8, 1906, Woodward; introduced in grassland, Southington, June 21, 1903, Bissell; spreading in partly shaded dooryard, South Windsor, Weatherby, no. 4945. 154 Rhodora [AvGusr Var. GLAUCA (Hartm.) Lindm. fil. Svensk Fanerogamfl. 81 (1918). Aira ambigua Michx. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 61 (1803). D. glauca Hartm. Handb. Skand. Fl. 448 (1820). A. aristulata Torr. Fl. N. Mid. U. S. i. 132 (1824). A. cespitosa B. glauca Hartm. |. c. ed. 2: 25 (1832). A. cespitosa, var. minor Lange, Fl. Dan. xvii. fase. 1. 4, t MMDCCCC- XLV, fig. 1 (1880).—River-banks, lake-shores and damp, chiefly calcareous, soil, Newfoundland to Yukon, south to northern New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, Arizona, and California; Faroe Islands and Scandinavia. The following, selected from a large series of specimens, are representative. NEWFOUNDLAND: Rock Marsh, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,279. Quesec: “circa lacus Mistassins et juxta amnes in lacum S. Joannis defluentes, ” Michaux (type of Aira ambigua in herb. Mus. d'Hist. Nat. Paris), “ Ab Arra cespitosa foliis tantum differt etiamque dimidio minor est”: Ile-aux-Couleuvres, Lac St-Jean, Victorin, no. 15,258; Bonaventure River, August, 1904, Collins, Fernald & Pease; St. Lawrence River below Quebec, July 9, 1905, Churchill. New Brunswick: Wood- stock, Fernald & Long, no. 12,658; Westfield, Fassett, no. 2183. Nova Scorta: Shubenacadie Grand Lake, Fernald, Bartram & Long, no. 23,285; Cedar Lake, Fernald, Bissell, Pease, Long & Linder, no. 19,946; Yarmouth, Bissell & Pease, no. 19,944. Marne: Fort Fairfield, Fernald, no. 183; Milford, Fernald, no. 12,655; Winn, Fernald & Long, no. 12,657; Pembroke, Fernald, no. 1310; West Dresden, Fassett, no. 1045. New HawrsuinE: Lake Umbagog, Errol, Pease, no. 10,515; Dalton, Pease, no. 17,387; Summer's Falls, June 12, 1897, Williams. Vermonr: Lyndon, June, 1871, Congdon; Burlington, June 18, 1877, Pringle; Brattleboro, July 8, 1895, Grout. MassacHUSETTS: Merrimack R., Lowell, July 20, 1882, Swan. Connecticut: Connecticut R., East Haddam, Weatherby, no. 4295. New York: Spencer Lake, Spencer, Metcalf, no. 5698; Cortland, Wiegand, no. 3526; Bergen, House, no. 6521. New Jersey: White Pond, Sussex Co., Mackenzie, no. 4648. PENNSYLVANIA: Pleasant Grove, Heller, no. 4819. ONrario: Belleville, Macoun, no. 2239; Wingham, June 17, 1892, Morton. Mucuican: Isle Royale, Cooper, no. 164. Wisconsin: Jackson Harbor, June 21, 1896, Schuette. Minnesota: Thompson, Carlton Co., Sandberg, no. 395. MANITOBA: Lake Winnipeg Valley, 1857, Bourgeau. SASKATCHEWAN: Moose Jaw, Macoun, no. 13,080. ALBERTA: Red Deer Valley near Rosedale, Moodie, no. 1042; near Banff, July 4, 1891, Macoun. MONTANA: Forks of the Madison, Rydberg & Bessey, no. 3588. Ipano: Victor, Merrill & Wilcox, no. 185. WyomiNG: Laramie River, Albany Co., Nelson, no. 430; Washington Ranch, Merrill & Wilcox, no. 78. Coro- RADO: Gunnison, Baker, nos. 530, 553; Trout Creek Pass, July 18, 1873, Coulter; Hahn’s Pass, Goodding, no. 1692; Hamor’s Lake, Baker, Earle & Tracy, no. 982. Arzona: Willow Spring, Rothrock, no. 230, Palmer, no. 566. NEVADA: Jarbridge, Nelson & Macbride, no. 2005. CALIFORNIA: Big Trees, Calaveras Co., Hillebrand, no. 2246; near 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 155 Donner Lake, Torrey, no. 558. OREGON: Wallowa Mts., Cusick, no. 3126; Lower Albina, Portland, Sheldon, no. 11,125. WASHING- TON: Calispel Valley, Kreager, no. 328. Yukon: Carcross, East- wood, no. 697e. The identity of our plant with the Scandinavian var. glauca is definitely indicated by beautiful material collected in Torne Lapmark by Professor Alm. This is clearly matched by many American speci- mens, especially such small plants as Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,279 from Newfoundland; Fernald & Collins material from Gaspé Co., Quebec; Eggleston, no. 1 from Summer's Falls, New Hampshire; Sandberg, no. 395 from Minnesota; Tweedy, no. 616 from Yellow- stone Park; Var. LITTORALIS (Reut.) Richter, Pl. Eu. i. 56 (1890). Aira cespitosa, var. Q. littoralis Reuter, Cat. Pl. Vasc. Genéve. 116 (1832). A. littoralis (Reut.) Godet, Fl. Jura, 803 (1852). D. cespitosa, var. alpina Vasey in Beal, Grasses N. A. ii. 368 (1896). D. alpicola Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxii. 601 (1905). A. alpicola Rydb. Fl. Rocky Mts. ed. 2, 1112 (1923).—Southern Labrador, western Newfoundland and eastern Quebec; Alaska to the alpine regions of Colorado, Utah and California; Eurasia. LABRADOR: wet sands and peats, Forteau, Long, no. 27,461; brackish shore, Blanc Sablon, Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 2583, 2586 (distrib. as var. Wibeliana (Sonder) Ledeb.). NEWFOUNDLAND: exsiccated peaty depressions in limestone barrens, Cape Norman, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,460; springy swale, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,281; serpentine tablelands, Bonne Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 2588, Kimball, no. 126; serpentine barrens, Blomidan Mts., Fernald & Wiegand, no. 2585; river-bank, Coal River, Waghorne, no. 16 (as D. bottnica Wahlenb.); limestone tableland, Table Mt., Port-a-Port Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 2584, Fernald & St. John, nos. 10,781- 10,783; gravelly beach, St. George’s Pond, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 2587; lakeside, Grand Lake, Waghorne, no. 18. QUEBEC: mossy serpentine barrens, alt. 1000-1100 m., and alpine brooks and pools, Mt. Albert, Collins & Fernald, nos. 24, 24a, Victorin et al, no. 17,786; Ste. Anne de Beaupré, Macoun, no. 69,230. ALBERTA: mountains north of Cavell Creek, J. M. Macoun, no. 98,349; south of Wilcox Pass, Brown, no. 1394; Lake Louise, Brown, no. 549. Ipamo: Soda Springs, Mulford, no. 53. WyominG: many specimens from the mountains, at 2400-3600 m. CoLorApo: many specimens from the mountains at 2600-3965 m. Uran: Dyer Mine, Uintah Mts., Good- ding, no. 1299. CALIFORNIA: Tuolumne Meadows, Smiley, no. 750; Lake of the Woods Meadow, Tahoe, Smiley, no. 65. ALASKA: Unalaska, Harrington; Attu Island, J. M. Macoun, no. 269. (To be continued.) 156 Rhodora | [AvGUsT SUAEDA MARITIMA, À CORRECTION.—Suaeda maritima (L.) Dumort. was omitted from my list published in Ruopora xxviii. 37, 1926. I found this species on Charles River marsh, back of Stillman Infirmary, Cambridge, on September 22, 1923. The single specimen was fleshy and prostrate with up-carving branches, and Prof. M. L. Fernald pro- nounced it distorted. On October 23, 1894, I found a cluster of this species near the same spot. The plants were distorted, but not prostrate. Specimens of these plants are in my herbarium. This is the one species in my list affecting saline habitats —WALTER DEANE, Cambridge, Massachusetts. Vol. 28, no. 331, including pages 118 to 132 and plates 154 and 155, was issued 22 July, 1926. Dodora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Conducted and published for the Club, by BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Editor-in-Chief MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD HOLLIS WEBSTER Associate Editors CARROLL WILLIAM DODGE WILLIAM PENN RICH, Publication Committee Vol. 28. September, 1926. No. 333. CONTENTS: Lichens of the Gaspe Peninsula. C. W. Dodge.............. 157 Botanizing in Newfoundland (continued). M. L. Fernald..... 161 Technical Name of the Sugar Maple. G. B. Sudworth........ 179 Lcopodium palmatum and Agrimonia mollis in Berkshire Co., eee, aie aee d ht nés os 179 Boston, Mass. | Providence, R. 3. 300 Massachusetts Ave. Preston and Rounds Co. RHODORA.-—A monthly journal of botany, devoted primarily to the flora of New England. Price, $2.00 per year, postpaid (domestic and foreign) ; single copies (if available) 20 cents. Volumes 1-8 or single numbers from them can be sup- plied at somewhat advanced prices which will be furnished on application. Notes and short scientific papers, relating directly or indirectly to the plants of the northeastern states, will be gladly received and published to the extent that the limited space of the journal permits. Forms will be closed five weeks in advance of publication. Authors (of more than one page of print) will re- ceive 25 copies of the issue in which their contributions appear. Extracted re- prints, if ordered in advance, will be furnished at cost. Address manuscripts and proofs to B. L. ROBINSON, 3 Clement Circle, Cambridge, Mass. Subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to W. P. RICH, 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. Entered at Boston, Mass., Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. BOTANICAL BOOKS, New and Second Hand, PRESTON & ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I. CARD-INDEX OF NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS, 1885 TO DATE. For American taxonomists and all students of American plants the most important supplement to the Index Kewensis, this catalogue in several ways exceeds the latter work in detail, since it lists not only the flowering plants, but pteridophytes and cellular crypto- gams, and includes not merely genera and species, but likewise sub- species, varieties and forms. A work of reference invaluable for larger herbaria, leading libraries, academies of sciences, and other centers of botanical activity. Issued quarterly, at $22.50 per 1000 cards. GRAY HERBARIUM of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. CHECK LIST OF GRAY’S MANUAL, 7th EDITION, compiled by M. A. Day. Leatherette. Pocket size. Invaluable for collector’s memoranda and herbarium records. Published and sold by the Gray HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. Price postpaid 20 cts. each. Ten copies $1.50. MEMOIRS OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM. A series of illustrated quarto papers issued at irregular intervals, sold separately. Vol. II. Persistence of Plants in unglaciated Areas of Boreal America, by M. L. Fernald, 102 pages. Aug. 1925. $2.00. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Advertisements of Nurserymen and Dealers in Botanical and other Scien- tific Publications are inserted in these pages at the following rates per space of 4 in. by 3-4 in. 1 year $4.00, 6 months $2.50. TRbooora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Vol. 28. September, 1926. No. 333. LICHENS OF THE GASPE PENINSULA, QUEBEC. CARROLL W. DopGE.! Tue first extensive collections of lichens from the Gaspé Peninsula in eastern Quebec were made by John Macoun,? who collected at the eastern end of the Peninsula in the vicinity of Gaspé basin and Percé, then followed along the northern coast with a geological expedition as far as Ste. Anne des Monts where he left the main party, ascended the Rivière Ste. Anne des Monts and climbed Mt. Albert by way of Macoun’s Ravine. The collections from this trip were mostly sent to Tuckerman and frequently have very little locality data beyond “Gaspé Coast” or “Gaspé 4000 ft.” Since Macoun does not mention in his autobiography any other ascents besides Mt. Albert, it is assumed that specimens with this altitude are from Mt. Albert. Specimens marked “Gaspé” alone probably came from the eastern end of the peninsula. Following his ascent of Mt. Albert, he returned along the coast to Percé and collected in that vicinity the rest of the summer. Following this, the central portion of the Shickshock Mountains were explored and mapped with considerable detail by J. F. Collins and M. L. Fernald in 1905 and 1906. Some of the lichens of this expedition were forwarded by Collins to L. W. Riddle for determination. Riddle’s list? includes some species collected at Bic only. These have been omitted from the present list. The remainder, many in small amounts, have been studied by the writer through the courtesy of Collins. 1 Contributions from the Cryptogamic Labratory, Harvard University, 94. 2 Macoun, John. Autobiography 205-207. 1922. 3 Riddle, L. W. Notes on some lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula. RHODORA 11: 100-102. 1909. 158 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER In 1907, Macoun visited Gaspé Basin and Percé, largely for the collection of seaweeds. Some lichens were sent to G. K. Merrill for determination and subsequently issued as “Canadian Lichens” but in so far as I can discover, were never reported. In the summer of 1923, the writer was a member of an expedition to the Shickshock Mountains under the leadership of M. L. Fernald. The topography of the Mt. Logan range which was studied on this expedition, has been reported by Collins and Fernald.‘ Subsequently Mt. Albert was visited by way of the Riviére St. Anne des Monts and the Ruisseau Plaque à Malade and the eastern edge of the Tabletop range by trail from Mont Louis to the telephone line on the north branch of the Riviére Madeleine, thence following the telephone line nearly to the top of Botanists’ Dome. From a camp at Lac Perré, exploration of the northeastern portion of the range was made and one day spent in examining the head of the gorge of the northeastern branch of the Rivière Ste. Anne des Monts. While the main attention of the writer was given to the collec- tion of basidiomycetes of the regions visited, some time was occupied in collecting material of the more conspicuous lichens. Owing to the conditions of travel in the region, practically no attempt was made to secure specimens of saxicolous lichens and most of the epiphloedal forms were secured from the trees cut for fire wood while the writer remained in camp to attend to the plant presses of the _ expedition. The Cladoniaceae have received more careful attention since a larger amount of material of this group was collected. In no other group has an extensive study been made beyond the usual microscopic examination and comparison with as authentic material as is available in the lichen herbaria at the Farlow Herbarium. Species marked with an asterisk have not been seen by the writer but have been added from Macoun's listë for the sake of completeness. A few names have been added which have been taken from a list made by Bruce Fink in a recent study of material in the herbaria of Philadelphia and Wash- ington in connection with his preparation of a lichen flora of North America. ‘Collins, J. F. and Fernald, M. L. The region of Mount Logan, Gaspé Peninsula. Goog. Rev. 15: 84-91. 1925. 5Macoun, John. Catalogue of Canadian plants. VII. Lichenes and Hepaticae. Geo, Surv. Canada. p. 49-180. 1902, 1926] Dodge,—Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula 159 VERRUCARIACEAE VERRUCARIA EPIGAEA (Pers.) Ach. Gaspé Coast, Macoun. V. MURALIS Ach. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2845. V. MUTABILIS Borrer apud Leighton. Lac Viellard, Dodge 2669. DERMATOCARPACEAE DERMATOCARPON MINIATUM (L.) Mann, var. COMPLICATUM (Lightf.) Hellb. Endocarpon miniatum (L.) Gaertn. Meyer & Schreb., var. complicatum (Lightf.) Schaer. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. SPHAEROPHORACEAE SPHAEROPHORUS FRAGILIS (L.) Pers. Mt. Albert, Collins 4179; East fork of the R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Collins 4365; Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2618, Tabletop Range. S. cLoposus (Huds.) Vainio. S. globiferus (L.) DC. S. coralloides Pers. Mt. Albert, Macoun. ARTHONIACEAE ARTHONIA PUNCTIFORMIS Ach. Matane, Dodge 2159. GRAPHIDACEAE GRAPHIS SCRIPTA (L.) Ach. var. LIMITATA (Pers.) Ach. Gaspé county, Macoun. Var. RECTA Schaer. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. XYLOGRAPHA OPEGRAPHELLA Nyl. Gaspé coast, Macoun. OPEGRAPHA VARIA Pers. between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2886; Lac Perré, Dodge 2887, Tabletop range. LECIDEACEAE LECIDEA (BIATORA) BERENGERIANA (Massal.) Th. Fr. Biatora Berengeriana Massal. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. L. (BrATORA) GRANULOSA (Ehrh.) Schaer. Biatora granulosa (Ehrh.) Poetsch. Gaspé Coast, Macoun. L. (Brarora) peliaspis (Tuck.) Dodge, n. comb. Biatora peliaspis Tuck. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci. 12: 179. 1877. Gaspé Basin, Macoun 7, 8, 11; Lac Perré, Dodge 2183, Tabletop Range. L. (Brarora) VERNALIS (L.) Ach. Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. Gaspé coast, Macoun 46,51, 184. Subsp. MINOR Nyl. ex Norrl. Lac Perré, Dodge 2183, Tabletop range. 160 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER L. (EULECIDEA) ALBOCAERULESCENS (Wulf.) Ach. var. FLAVOCAE- RULESCENS Schaer. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2666, Logan range; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun; Tabletop, Collins 4408. L. (EULECIDEA) ATROBRUNNEA (DC.) Schaer. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2845. L. (EULECIDEA) contiaua (Hoffm.) Fr. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2668; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. L. (EULECIDEA) CINERASCENS (With.) A. L. Smith. L. speirea Ach. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2871. L. (EULECIDEA) PANAEOLA Ach. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pem- broke, Dodge 2665. L. (EuLECIDEA) ENCUITICA Nyl. between Lac Mont Louis and north fork of R. Madeleine, Dodge 2178. L. (EULECIDEA) PARASEMA Ach. Buellia parasema (Ach.) Th. Fr. Gaspé Coast, Macoun 186; Matane Dodge 2882. Var. ELAEOCHROMA Ach. var. enteroleuca (Ach.) Nyl. L. enteroleuca Ach.* Mt. Albert, Macoun; Lac Perré, Dodge 2884, Tabletop range. L. (EULECIDEA) MELANCHEIMA Tuck. Lac Perré, Dodge 2885, Table- top range. MEGALOSPORA SANGUINARIA (L.) Massal. IHeterothecium sanguinarium (L.) Flot. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2879; gorge, northeast branch of R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2184; between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2186. BIATORINA PREMNEA (Fr.) A. L. Smith. B. grossa (Nyl.) Mudd. Heterothecium grossum (Nyl.) Tuck. Lecidea grossa Nyl. Maddalena Bay, Macoun 4; R. Madeleine, Macoun. BILIMBIA SABULETORUM (Floerke) Branth & Rostr. Biatora hypnophila (Turn.) Tuck. Lecidea hypnophila Turn. Gros Rocher, Dodge 2145, 2645; Gaspé coast, Macoun 172; Gaspé Basin, Macoun 175. B. SPHAEROIDES (Dicks.) Koerb. Lecidea sphaeroides (Dicks.) Som- merf. between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2179. *BACIDIA LUTEOLA (Schrad.) Mudd. B. rubella (Hoffm.) Massal. Fink list. B. leucampyx (Tuck.) Dodge, n. comb. Biatoraleucampyx Tuck. Syn. N. Am. Lich. 2: 47. 1888. Gaspé, Macoun 13. B. rNcoMPTA (Borr.) Anzi. between Lac Mont Louis and north fork of R. Madeleine, Dodge 2881. RuizocARPON OBSCURATIUM (Schaer.) Massal. east branch of Ruis- seau Plaque à Malade, Mt. Albert, Dodge 2661. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 161 R. GEOGRAPHICUM (L.) DC. Lecidea geographica (L.) Schaer. Buellia geographica (L.) Tuck. Le Vieillard au Sud, Dodge 2667, Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2873, Tabletop range; between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2665, Logan range. BUELLIA MYRIOCARPA (DC.) Mudd. Gaspé county, Macoun. CLADONIACEAE BAEOMYCES PLACOPHYLLUS Ach. between Mt. Mattaouisse and Mt. Collins, Dodge 2167;* Gaspé coast below Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. *B. rurus (Huds.) DC. B. byssoides (L.) Schaer. R. Madeleine Macoun. (T'o be continued.) TWO SUMMERS OF BOTANIZING IN NEWFOUNDLAND. M. L. Fernald. (Continued from p. 155.) DESCHAMPSIA ATROPURPUREA (Wahlenb.) Scheele. Wet quartzite rocks and gravel by brooks, gulches of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, the first stations in Newfoundland: upper Deer Pond Brook, Fernald, & Long, no. 27,462; Southwest Gulch, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,463. See p. 116. AGrostis CANINA L. Moss and silicious rocks along rill, slope of South Hill, St. John’s Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,257; margin of cold brook in spruce thicket, Bay Bulls, no. 26,258; gravelly margin of Goose Pond, Whitbourne, no. 26,259; dry gneiss crests and ridges and peaty barrens, Port aux Basques, nos. 26,260, 26,262. Older collections indicate that the species is indigenous across the breadth of southern Newfoundland. See pp. 50, 56, 81, 85. A. PALUDOSA Scribn. Dry gravelly limestone barrens, St. John's Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,479, the first Newfoundland station. Described from Blane Sablon, Labrador but represented in the Gray Herbarium from as far west as Ouapita- gone, Saguenay Co., Quebec (St. John, no. 90,123 as A. borealis). See p. 118. A. MELALEUCA Trin. Springy swales and limy bog-barrens near the Rock Marsh, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, nos. 26,253, 26,280, Fernald, Pease & Long, no. 27,481, Fernald, no. 27,483; dripping quartzite cliffs and ledges, upper Deer Pond Brook, High- 162 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER lands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,482; the only stations known in eastern America. See pp. 63, 109. CALAMAGROSTIS PICKERING Gray. Wet boggy tundra in central valley of Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 27,484, the first from north of Notre Dame Bay and Bonne Bay. C. PICKERINGI, var. DEBILIS (Kearney) Fernald & Wiegand. Boggy barrens (“mesh”) south of Ship Cove, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,485, the first from north of Notre Dame Bay and Bonne Bay. AMMOPHILA BREVILIGULATA Fern. Dunes and sandy beach, Sandy Cove, Ingornachoix Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,273, the first Newfoundland station north of Bay St. George. See p. 80. ALOPECURUS AEQUALIS Sobol. Brookside in bushy swale on flat north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald, & Wiegand, no. 27,503; shallow water of old beaver pond near the Yellow Marsh, back of Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,504; the only stations known north of Port-à-Port. See p. 127. A. AEQUALIS, var. NATANS (Wahlenb.) Fern., RHODORA, xxvii. 198 (1925). Pools in tundra, Boat Harbor, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,505. See p. 107. Known outside the arctic and sub- arctic regions only along the Straits of Belle Isle. MUHLENBERGIA RACEMOSA (Michx.) BSP. Boggy meadow bord- ering pond, Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Hotchkiss, no. 27,509, the first from north of Bay of Islands. See p. 127. ORYZOPSIS ASPERIFOLIA Michx. Knoll in spruce thicket, St. John's Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,510, the first from north of Bay of Islands. Minium EFFUSUM L. Abundant in glades and gulches of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, the only Newfoundland region known for it except shores of Ingornachoix Bay. See p. 111. HiEROCHLOE ODORATA (L.) Wahlenb. Abundant in swales and tundra along the Straits. The previous Newfoundland collections belong to the seashore var. FRAGRANS (Willd.) Richter. ERIOPHORUM SCHEUCHZERI Hoppe. Wet swales and margins of ponds, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,334, Fernald Pease & Long, nos. 27,443, 27,444, the first authentic stations in Newfoundland. See pp. 61, 109. E. Cuamissonis C. A. Meyer., var. AQUATILE (Norman) Fernald, Raopora, xxvii. 207 (1925). Shallow pool at base of Cape Dégrat, Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 27,545, the only known American station. See p. 120. E. opacum (Bjérnstr.) Fernald. Abundant in limy bog-barrens and tundra along the Straits of Belle Isle. See pp. 53, 62, 98. E. cCALLITRIX Cham. See Fernald, Ruopora, xxvii. 205 (1925). Wet peaty limestone barrens and tundra along the Straits of Belle Isle, the only region known for the species except St. Lawrence Bay on the western side of Bering Straits. See pp. 98, 105. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 163 RYNCHOSPORA ALBA (L.) Vahl. Boggy meadow bordering pond, Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Hotchkiss, no. 27,570, the first from north of Bonne Bay. See p. 127. Carex CAPITATA L. Peaty margins of pools in limestone barrens back of Big Brook, Fernald & Long, no. 27,575; peaty margins of pools in limestone barrens on the Highlands northeast of Big Brook, Pease & Griscom, no. 27,576; dryish tundra, Schooner (Brandy) Island, Pease & Long, no. 27,577; the first stations in Newfoundland. See pp. 98, 99. C. INCURVA Lightf. A characteristic turf-plant on damp limestone along the Straits, eastward to Eddies Cove, southwestward to Dead- man's Cove. See. pp. 61, 108. C. cHOoRDORHIZA Ehrh., var. sPHAGNOPHILA Laestad. Springy swales and quaking bogs in the limestone barrens, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, nos. 26,382, 26,383; swales on limestone barrens, Sandy (Poverty) Cove, Fernald, Long & Gilbert, no. 27,588; boggy swales, Eddies Cove, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,587; the first American records for the variety. See p. 108. C. srERILIS Willd. Frequent in peat overlying limestone, north to the Straits. See p. 79. C. DEWEYANA Schwein. Peaty borders of spruce thickets near Mistaken Cove, Fernald & Griscom, no. 27,601; glades and openings in spruce thickets east of Big Brook, Fernald, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,602; meadow below limestone escarpment, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,003; the first authentic collections from Newfoundland. See p. 100. C. TRISPERMA Dew., var. BiLLINGsIT Knight. Wet bog-barrens, Trepassey, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,376. See p. 84. The only other Newfoundland collection is from the East Branch of the Humber. C. BIPARTITA All. C. Lachenalii Schkuhr. See Mackenzie, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. 1. 348 (1923). Brookside on slaty hills east of Little Quirpon, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 27,622; wet mossy quartzite rocks along Mans Humbug Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,617; new to Newfoundland. See pp. 121, 124. C. GLAREOSA Wahlenb. Turfy slopes of slaty hills, Little Quirpon, Fernald & Long, no. 27,618, new to Newfoundland. See p. 121. C. BRUNNESCENS Poir. True C. brunnescens, the stiff and low plant with brownish subapproximate ellipsoid spikes is a plant of exposed crests and headlands and southwest of Newfoundland is strictly alpine. The lax plant with remote obovoid greenish spike is var. SPHAEROSTACHYA (Tuckerm.) Kükenthal. It abounds in thickets and woodlands and extends well to the south in the eastern United States. It may prove to be a good species, C. sphaerostachya (Tuckerm.) Dewey. Its essential bibliography is: C. vitilis a. spiculis virescentibus Fries, Mant. iii. 137 (1842). C. canescens, var. Y. sphaerostachya Tuckerm. Enum, Meth, 10, 19 (1843). C. sphacro- 164 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER stachya (Tuckerm.) Dew. Am. Journ. Sei. xlix. 44, t. Ee, fig. 110 (1845). C. witilis b. sylvatica Meinsh. Fl. Ingr. 402 (1878). C. canescens, var. vulgaris Bailey, Bot. Gaz. xiii. 86 (1888). C. brun- nescens gracilior Britton in Britt. & Brown, Ill. Fl. i. 351 (1896). C. RUPESTRIS All. Dominant on limestone, western Newfoundland, south to Bay St. George. See p. 62. C. NOVAE-ANGLIAE Schwein. Turfy and silicious rocky slope of Joan Plains Hill, Bay Bulls, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,417, the first from the Avalon Peninsula. See p. 85. C. UMBELLATA Schkuhr. Barren silicious crests of Joan Plains Hill, Bay Bulls, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,414; seen but not collected at Trepassey; the first stations on the Avalon Peninsula. See pp. 84, 85. C. PEDUNCULATA Muhl. Woods and thickets on Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John and on St. John's Island, Fernald, Wieg- and, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, nos. 27,047, 27,048; extensions north- ward from Bay of Islands. C. concinna R. Br. Shaded limestone ledges and escarpments, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,649, the only Newfoundland station except Mackenzie & Griscom’s on Cape St. George. See pp. 101, 102. C. GLACIALIS Mackenzie. Dominant on limestone gravel in west- ern Newfoundland from Quirpon to Bay St. George. See pp. 62, 79, 103, 121. C. EBURNEA Boott. Shaded limestone ledges and escarpments, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,659; mossy coniferous woods, lower south- western slope of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,660; extensions north from Bay of Islands. C. BICOLOR All. Wet depressions and margins of rills and pools in the limestone barrens, generally distributed from Pistolet Bay to Ingornachoix Bay, the only known region for the species in America. See pp. 76, 91, 105, 118. C. tivipa (Wahlenb.) Willd. See Fernald, RHODORA, xxvii. 8 (1926). Turfy limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,672, the only known station outside northern Europe and Alberta. See p. 102. C. LIVIDA, var. RUFINAEFORMIS Fernald, l. e. (1926). Wet muddy hollow in limestone gravel-barren, Four-Mile Cove, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,637 (rvPE of the var.). See p. 108. X Carex quirponensis, n. hybr. (C. atratiformis X Halleri), laxe caespitosa; culmis 2-6 dm. altis rigidulis superne acute angulatis scabrisque basi vaginis aphyllis atropurpureis deinde fibrillosis obtectis; foliis culmo valde brevioribus 2-4 mm, latis laete viridibus; 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 165 spicis 2-4 ellipsoideis 0.7-1.3 em. longis 4-6 mm. crassis, lateralibus breviter pedunculatis subapproximatis vel imo remotiusculis adscen- dentibus, terminalibus majoribus gynaecandris; squamis late ovatis obtusis vel subacutis atropurpureis margine plus minusve anguste albo-hyalinis; perigyniis vacuis ovatis planis 3 mm. longis dense papillosis enerviis stramineis apice purpurascentibus.—N EWFOUND- LAND: abundant as scattered clumps on the turfy and rocky western slope of Cape Dégrat, Quirpon Island, August 7, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,696 (TYPE in Gray Herb.) Although abundant over a large area on the eastern half of Quirpon Island (See p. 121), Carex quirponensis is here described as a hybrid because in all the scores of clumps we examined no good achenes could be found and because it is an exact blend of C. atratiformis Britton and C. Halleri Gunn. (C. alpina Sw.), both of which are dominant and very fertile species from Cape Onion to Cape Bauld and Cape Dégrat. A very similar hybrid of C. atrata and C. Halleri (X C. Candriani Kneucker) is known in Europe. C. HanLERI Gunn. Dominant in turf or on crests of slate or trap cliffs, eastern end of the Straits Coast: Little Quirpon, Fernald & Long, no. 27,697; Quirpon Island, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,698; Mauve Bay, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotch- kiss, no. 27,701; Cape Onion, Fernald, no. 27,700; Anse aux Sauvages, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,699; new to Newfoundland. See pp. 121, 123. C. sryLosa C. A. Meyer. Springy and seepy slopes in peaty barrens among the gneiss hills, Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dun^ar, no. 26,385 (collected in the same region, and then new to Newfoundland, by Curtis & Lunt, in 1912); abundant in damp quartzite gravel or in turf, summit-barrens of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,702, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,703, Fernald & Long, no. 27,704; mossy brooksides and turfy slopes, Sacred Island, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,707, Fernald & Long, no. 27,708; turfy and rocky slopes of Cape Dégrat, Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 27,705. See pp. 56, 110, 121. C. RIGIDA Good. Although common on the bare crests of south- western Newfoundland, C. rigida seems to be rare north of Bonne Bay, a single station: turfy and mossy quartzite rocks along Mans Humbug Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,711. See p. 56. C. LENTICULARIS Michx., var. ALBI-MONTANA Dewey. Wet quartzite rocks and gravel along brook, Southwest Gulch, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,719, new to Newfoundland. See p. 124. C. SALINA Wahlenb. The small typical form of the species, with short scales is common on saline shores along the Straits. 166 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER C. SALINA, var. PSEUDOFILIPENDULA (Blytt) Kükenth. As noted on p. 122, this variety occurs on the Labrador side of the Straits and on the Gaspé coast. A plant from the boggy barren south of Ship Cove (Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,732) is an exact match for Scandinavian material cited by Kükenthal as C. aquatilis X C. salina, var. pseudofilipendula, so that the presence in the region of var. pseudofilipendula may be inferred. C. Hostiana DC., var. LAURENTIANA Fern. & Wieg. Glades in spruce swamp, Brig Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,445, an extension north from Bay of Islands. See p. 79. C. OkpEnr Retz., var. SUBGLOBOSA (Mielich.) Richter. In clay mixed with limestone gravel, St. John's Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,733. This and material from Pointe Riche (Fernald & Wiegand, no. 2912) is all we know from America. See p. 119. cor C. LEPIDOCARPA Tausch. Wet calcareous soil on the West Coast, northward to the Straits. See p. 118. C. wicROGLOCHIN Wahlenb. Dominant on peaty limestone barrens and in wet tundra, from Pistolet Bay to St. John Bay. See pp. 53, 61, 79, 118. C. vEsICARIA L., var. RAEANA (Boott) Fern. Boggy barren (“mesh”), south of Ship Cove, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,758, the only Newfoundland station yet known except on the lower Humber. See p. 122. Juncus EFFUSUS L., var. PYLAEI (Laharpe) Fern. & Wieg. Bushy swale on flat north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 27,764, the first station north of Bay of Islands. See p. 127. J. BULBOSUS L. Cold brooks, spring-rills, margins of pools, ete., Trepassey, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, nos. 26,482, 26,483, and Bay Bulls, no. 26,484; extensions south from the northern Avalon Penin- sula. : See, pp. 50, 81, 83. J. ALPINUS Vill., var. UNI-BICEPS Laestad. Wet depressions and borders of pools in limestone barrens and tundra, Cook Point, Fernald, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,779; Burnt Cape, Fernald & Long, no. 27,777; St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotch- kiss, nos. 27,774, 27,776; the first records from America. J. ALBESCENS (Lange) Fernald. Dominant on wet calcareous barrens from Quirpon to Bay St. George. See pp. 62, 118. J. STYGIUS L., var. AMERICANUS Buchenau. Frequent or common southward but rare northward: bare wet peat in depressions in limy bog-barrens, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,498; pools in tundra, central valley of Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 27,792; the first stations north of Bonne Bay. LUZULA spicata (L.) DC. Abundant along the Straits from Pistolet Bay. eastward; also on the Highlands of St. John. Previ- ously known only locally from the East Coast. See p. 110. L. campestris (L.) DC., var. comosa (Meyer) Fern. & Wieg. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in N ewfoundland 167 Dry spruce thickets, Curling, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,499. All previous stations are on the East Coast. L. CAMPESTRIS, var. CONGESTA (Thuill.) Meyer. Wet spruce thickets among the gneiss hills back of Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,500, the first from eastern America. See p. 56. ALLIUM SCHOENOPRASUM L., var. laurentianum, n. var., a var. sibirico recedit floribus minoribus (8-10 mm. longis) intense coloratis; segmentis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis.—Near the Gulf of St. Law- rence, western Newfoundland, and locally across the continent. NEWFOUNDLAND: along Eddies Cove Brook, July 24, 1925, Griscom, no. 27,822; muddy depressions in gravelly limestone barrens one mile back of Savage Cove, July 14, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,821; wet places, Flower Cove, July 23, 1921, M. E. Priest, no. T5; damp crevices and gravel of limestone, Rock Marsh, Flower Cove, July 30, 1924, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,512; in clay mixed with lime- stone gravel, barrens, St. John's Island, July 31, 1925, Fernald, Wieg- and, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,824 (TYPE in Gray Herb.); turfy calcareous western slope under summit of Bard Harbor Hill, July 28, 1925, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,823; dry lime- stone cliffs and talus, western face of Doctor Hill, August 24, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,825; damp talus of limestone sea-cliffs, Pointe Riche, August 4, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3069. QUEBEC: Restigouche River, Metapedia, July 23, 1904, A. S. Pease, no. 4448. New Brunswick: in grass field, Casey's Cape, Kent Co., July 9, 1914, F. T. Hubbard. New York: bank of Black River, Watertown, July 3, 1857, Wm. Boott. Montana: Belton, Glacier National Park, September 17, 1921, S. D. McKelvy. OREGON: Wallawalla, Tolmie. W AsuINGTON: Marcus, August 18, 1902, Kreager, no. 459. In typical var. sibiricum (A. sibiricum L.) the perianths are 10-14 mm. long, usually with more attenuate segments and commonly paler (though sometimes intensely colored); and in this variety the pedicels are commonly rather elongated so that the well developed flowering umbels are 3.5-5 em. in diameter. In var. laurentianum the short perianths are intensely colored, the segments commonly less attenuate than in var. sibiricum and the pedicels mostly short, the well developed flowering umbels being usually 2.3-3 (rarely -3.3) cm. in diameter. Some specimens from eastern Asia (Ochotsk Sea, Small; Amur, Mazimowicz) apparently belong to var. laurentianum and in the note on p. 62 they were mistaken for true var. sibiricum. STREPTOPUS OREOPOLUS Fernald, RHoDORA, viii. 70 (1906). As noted on pp. 104, 116 and 124, this characteristie plant, heretofore known only from the mountains of Gaspé and Matane Cos., Quebec, occurs about Pistolet Bay and abounds in the gulches of Bard Harbor 168 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER Mill. In the latter area it fruits heavily, its berries, previously unknown, being slightly clongate as in S. amplezifolius (L.) DC. but of a dark cherry-red color as in S. roseus Michx. IRIS serosa Pallas, var. CANADENSIS Foster, forma pallidiflora, n. f., floribus albescentibus, sepalis plus minusve caeruleo-tinctis.— NEWFOUNDLAND: turfy shore near Nameless Point, Flower Cove, August 2, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,843. A peculiarly attractive color-form of the usually deep blue-violet northern Iris; the petals and stigmas are white and the large sepals also white except for a faint bluish tinge. CYPRIPEDIUM PARVIFLORUM Salisb., var. planipetalum, n. var., humile, 0.8-2.3 dm. altum; foliis 2-4 ellipticis vel ovatis 3-9 em. longis 1.7-4.5 em. latis; sepalis viridibus vel stramineis plus minusve purpureotinetis, superiori ovato 2.2-4 em. longo 0.8-2.2 em. lato apice acuto vix acuminato basi rotundato, inferioribus connatis minoribus; petalis stramineis vel purpurascentibus oblongo-lanceolatis planis 2.5-4 em. longis 0.4-1 em. latis; labello dorso-ventraliter compresso aureo-flavo 2-4 em. longo; staminodio basi cordato.— Western NEWFOUNDLAND: turfy Carre barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Pistolet Bay, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchki in. no. 27,855; : southern half of Burnt Cape, August 3, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,857; peaty slopes of limestone barrens on the Highlands east of Big Brook, Straits of Belle Isle, July 16, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,854; peaty and bushy areas on limestone barrens one mile hack of Savage Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 14, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,851 (rvPE in Gray Herb.), 27,852 ie individuals) ; mossy spruce thickets bordering limestone barrens near Ice Point, St. Barbe Bay, July 14, 1925, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,853; turfy limestone barrens, St. John’s Island, St. John Bay, July 31, 1925, Fernald et al. no. EN Day of Islands, July 5, 1906, C. W. Townse "nd; turfy slopes of the marble region between Mt. Musgrave and [T AE Nd Mouth, July 18, 1910, Fernald, Wiegand & Kittredge, no. 3096; highest summits of the Lewis Hills, July, 1911, L. S. Sanford; in humus or turf on the limestone tableland, alt. 200— 300 m., Table Mountain, Port-à-Port Bay, July 16 & 17, 1914, Fernald & St. John, no. 10,815. Var. planipetalum is distinguished from both C. parviflorum and C. parviflorum, var. pubescens (Willd.) Knight by its short and com- paratively broad, flat, usually purplish petals, by the relatively shorter and broader upper sepal with less acuminate or elongate tip and with rounded rather than abruptly narrowed or subcuneate base, and by the cordate staminodium; C. parviflorum and its var. pubescens having the commonly paler petals linear to linear-lanceolate, 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 169 mostly spirally curled and 3.5-9 cm. long, the narrower upper sepal long-acuminate at tip and usually tapering at base, 2.5-5 em. long in typical C. parviflorum, 5-8 em. in var. pubescens. In typical C. parviflorum the staminodium is narrowed to subtruncate at base; in the large-flowered var. pubescens it is frequently subcordate, in this character approaching var. planipetalum. The plant of the Newfoundland barrens is low (mostly 1-2 dm. high) with only 2-4 (usually 3) dilated leaves below the bract; C. parviflorum and var. pubescens are taller and with 3-5 (usually 4) larger leaves. A bat- tered specimen of Waghorne’s from woods at Coal River, Newfound- land is typical C. parviflorum and specimens from the Mingan Islands, Anticosti, Gaspé and Alberta strongly approach var. planipetalum in having broad and flat petals but the staminodium not cordate as in the Newfoundland plant. In its broad and flat petals C. parviflorum, var. planipetalum strongly suggests the Eurasian C. Calceolus L. and such a plate as that of Redouté, Les Liliacées, i. t. 19 looks almost intermediate between C. parviflorum and var. planipetalum; and in some European specimens of C. Calceolus the staminodium shows a very strong tendency to be cordate at base. In both C. Calceolus and C. parvi- florum, var. pubescens, however, the staminodium is longer-stalked than in true C. parviflorum and var. planipetalum and the sepals and petals of the Eurasian plant are more consistently purple than in the American series. They are very close, however, and it need not be surprising if, with better knowledge of the variations of the two series, the Eurasian and American plants are eventually treated as one polymorphous cireumpolar species. See p. 95. ORCHIS ROTUNDIFOLIA Pursh. Peaty or turfy depressions in limestone barrens, frequent, often very abundant, from Pistolet Bay westward to Sandy (Poverty) Cove; new to Newfoundland. See. pp. 97, 100, 103. THE VARIATIONS OF HABENARIA . VIRIDIS.—4Zabenaria viridis (L.) R. Br. is not generally recognized as occurring outside the northern and mountainous regions of Eurasia, its American representives passing very generally as H. bracteata (Muhl.) R. Br. or as /T. viridis, var. bracteata (Muhl.) Gray or, by those who treat the sections of Habenaria as genera, as Coeloglossum bracteatum (Muhl.) Parl. The latter plant, with very long and divergent linear-lanceolate bracts is typical of the cooler sections of the Alleghenian and the 170 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER warmer sections of the Canadian regions of eastern American— from Newfoundland and Gaspé west to southern Alberta and south in rich woods and meadows to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Iowa; and it also occurs in temperate eastern Asia (Japan, China, ete.). The plant of western America, from Alaska south to southern British Columbia, Colorado, the Black Hills and locally to Lake Huron, has the bracts broader, shorter and more ascending than in the common northeastern plant and in the Old World seems to be confined to extreme northeastern Asia. Superficially it re- sembles the European plant which there passes as Coeloglossum viride, var. bracteatum Richter, but it is not a good match for the eastern American plant which was first published as Orchis bracteata Muhl.: The fact that the plant of western America is not satisfactory Habenaria bracteata or H. viridis, var. bracteata had long been apparent but, like most such questions, its proper working out had been left over until some more convenient moment. Now, however, with the necessity of settling satisfactorily the exact identity of the plant which abounds on the limestone shores and barrens on the south side of the Straits of Belle Isle in northwestern Newfoundland, it has seemed appropriate to review the plants which are passing in different regions as Habenaria viridis or Coeloglossum viride. The typical plant of Europe and adjacent Asia, the plant first published as Satyrium viride L. has a comparatively lax raceme with the lowest bracts at most twice as long as the flowers, the middle and upper bracts decidedly shorter, the flowers varying from greenish to red (see for example the plate of Platanthera viridis in Reichenbach fil., Icones, xiv. t. 434). Its lip, as shown by about 80 individuals before me and by the European plates, is 3-toothed at apex, as regularly described, the middle tooth, though shorter than the two lateral ones, being well developed. Of somewhat rarer occurrence in Europe is an extreme development, with the bracts more prolonged, the lower 2-3 times as long as the flowers, the upper equaling or exceeding them; but in this long-bracted European plant the lip is like that of typical European ZI. viridis and the bracts are spreading- ascending. It is, apparently, only an extreme variation of the ! Muhl. in Willd. Sp. PL iv. 34 (1805). ? L. Sp. Pl. ii. 944 (1753). 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 171 European type and may be the plant which Linnaeus meant as Satyrium viride, B.: “8. Orchis palmata batractites. Bauh. pin. 86. Vaill. paris. 155. t. 81. f. 6, 7, 8.1 The Vaillant figures, however, show only details of the flowers and nothing of the raceme as a whole, while Bauhin gives no more satis- faction, except to carry the reference back to Serapias Batrachites vel M yoides of Lobelius, Icones Stirpium, where we find an excellent figure of the short-bracted typical Habenaria viridis. The long- bracted plant was perhaps meant by Tenore when he described Orchis viridis, B. Vaillant? and Schur clearly described it as Peristylus viridis (L.) Lindl., b. macrobracteata? from Transylvania, but in general it is treated in Europe as identical with the Alleghenian plant which Muhlenberg sent to Willdenow as Orchis bracteata. In the latter plant not only are the long linear-lanceolate lower braets strongly, often horizontally, divergent but the middle and upper are much more prolonged than in the long-bracted European plant. Furthermore, the ordinarily narrower (nearly linear) lip is usually only bifid at apex, the 3d or middle tooth which is prolonged in the European plant, usually being nearly or quite obsolete, just as origin- ally described by Muhlenberg through Willdenow: “Labellum lineare dependens, apice bifidum cum mucrone parvo obscuro inter lacinias, saepius deficiente." With its patent and very narrow bracts, its uniformly green or greenish (never highly colored) flowers and its usually narrower lip with the middle tooth ordinarily suppressed Habenaria bracteata would constitute a fairly distinct Alleghenian- eastern Asiatie species, were it not for the plant of western America, northeastern Asia and extreme northwestern Newfoundland, a plant with a range which is thoroughly typical and with characters which place it exactly between J. bracteata on the one hand and the long- bracted extreme of European H. viridis on the other. The plant of northwestern Newfoundland, originally discovered there by Miss Mary E. Priest in July, 1921, found by Messrs. Long, Dunbar and me in August, 1924, and found in great quantity by our party of 1925, in habit is quite like the long-bracted European plant, Orchis viridis, var. Vaillantii Ten. or Peristylus viridis, var. macro- bracteata Schur., the smallest specimens closely matching plants from ! L. Sp. PL ii. 944 (1753). 2 Ten. Syll. Add. 629 (1831). 1 have been unable to see Tenore's original account. 3 Schur, Enum. Pl. 'Transsilv. 645 (1885). 172 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER the Faroe Islands, the taller specimens strikingly like Reichenbach's plate of the long-bracted Bohemian plant; but of the 192 individuals before me while writing, the oblong to narrowly cuneate-oblong lip of all but three or four has the tip consistently with 2 broad and flat teeth and. quite without the median tooth of the European plant. In very exceptional individuals the median tooth is developed, just as it is in exceptional individuals of H. viridis, var. bracteata. The smallest plants of northern Newfoundland are quite identical in all characters with material from northeastern Asia (Arakamtchetchene Island, Bering Straits, Chas. Wright; “in monticulo aprico saxoso, ” Ajan, Ochotsk Sea, Tiling); while the larger plants are quite like the plant of western America which has there passed as M. bracteata. This plant of western America has the lip almost uniformly 2-toothed at apex, with the median tooth obsolete, but in occasional individuals the 3d tooth is evident. The whole series seems to form a polymorphous cireumpolar species, the American and eastern Asiatic varieties with the lip generally 2-toothed, the European with it more consistently 3-toothed ; but with enough departures in the American series to indicate that the plants are not specifically separable. The conclusions reached in this study are summarized below. HABENARIA viripis (L.) R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed 2, v. 192 (1813). Satyrium viride L. Sp. Pl. ii. 944 (1753). Orchis viridis (L.) Crantz, Stirp. ed. 2: 491 (1769). Coeloglossum viride (L.) Hartm. Handb. 329 (1820). Platanthera viridis (L.) Lindl. Synop. Brit. Fl. 261 (1829). Himantoglossum viride (L.) Reichenb. Fl. Excurs. 119 (1830). Peristylus viridis (L.) Lindl. Synop. Brit. FI. ed. 2: 261 (1835). Peristylus viridis, b. gracillima Schur, Enum. PI. Transsilv. 645 (1885). For further synonymy see Richter, Pl. Eu. i. 277 (1890).—Raceme rather lax: lowest bracts equaling to twice as long as the flowers: middle and upper braets shorter than the flowers: flowers green or yellowish varying to red: lip distinctly 3-toothed at apex; the middle tooth prolonged but shorter than the lateral.—Europe and western Asia. Var. Vaillanti (Ten.), n. comb. Orchis viridis, 8. Vaillanti Ten. Syll. Add. 629 (1831). H. bracteata of European authors, not Orchis bracteata Muhl. Platanthera viridis, var. bracteata Reichenb, f. Ie. xiv. 130, t. 435, fig. 1 (1851) not Orchis bracteata Muhl. Coeloglossum bracteatum Parl. Fl. Ital. iii. 409 (1858) as to plant, not as to name- bringing synonym, Orchis bracteata Muhl. C. viride, b. bracteatum Richter, Pl. Eu. i. 278 (1890) as to plant, not Orchis bracteata Muhl. Peristylus viridis, b. macrobracteata Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv. 645 (1885).—Raceme commonly denser, often more elongate: lower 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 173 bracts 2-3 times as long as the flowers, spreading-ascending; upper bracts equaling or exceeding the flowers: lip 3-toothed at apex.— Europe and adjacent Asia. Var. interjecta, n. var., 0.5-3.5 dm. alta; foliis 2-5 inferioribus oblongis vel oblongo-obovatis apice rotundatis, superioribus oblongo- lanceolatis acutis; racemo subcapitato deinde longe cylindrico 0.2- 1.7 dm. longo; bracteis subadscendentibus, inferioribus lanceolatis vel anguste ovatis floribus dimidio-triplo longioribus, mediis superiori- busque floribus brevioribus vel paulo longioribus; floribus viridibus; labio oblongo vel oblongo-cuneato apice bidentato dentibus oblongis vel deltoideis, dento intermedio obsoleto vel rare producto.—North- western Newfoundland; Michigan; Alaska to South Dakota, Colorado and southern British Columbia; northeastern Siberia NEWFOUND- LAND: turfy limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Pistolet Bay, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscon, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,872; turfy limestone barrens, Cook Point, Pisto- let Bay, July 18, 1925, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 27,873; Cook Point, August 13, 1925, Fernald, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,876; turfy limestone barrens, Boat Harbor, Straits of Belle Isle, July 19, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,874; turfy limestone slope near the sea, Four-mile Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 20, 1925, Fernald, Long & Wiegand, no. 27,875; gravelly and peaty limestone barrens back of Big Brook, Straits of Belle Isle, July 15, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,869; turfy and peaty slopes of limestone escarpment east of Big Brook, July 15, 1925, Wiegand, Gilbert. & Hotchkiss, no. 27,808; turfy limestone slopes east of Big Brook, July 16, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,870 (rvyrE in Gray Herb.) ; mossy knolls in tundra back of Big Brook, July 16, 1925, Pease & Griscom, no. 27,871; on knolls of Empetrum nigrum, Salix reticulata, ete., Sandy (or Poverty) Cove, August 1, 1924, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,532; July 12, 1925, Fernald & Griscom, no. 27,865; turfy border of gravelly limestone beach, Savage Point, July 13, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,867; damp lime- stone barrens, Yankee Point, July 12, 1925, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,866; turfy and gravelly limestone strand, Yankee Point, August 16, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,877; barrens, Flower Cove, July 15, 1921, M. E. Priest. Micuican: Macinac Island, July 12, 1915, W. H. Manning (transition to var. bracteata). MANITOBA: Lake Winnipeg Valley, 1857, Bourgeau. Sourn Dakora: under willows, on slaty soil, edge of Bald Hills, June 5, 1910, J. Murdock, jr., no. 4064. SASKATCHEWAN: Moose Mountain, July 3, 1880, J. Macoun, no. 173. ALBERTA: prairie slough, Calgary, June 19, 1903, M. A. Barber, no. 192; Banff, July 11, 1891, Macoun, no. 2827, July, 1906, S. Brown, no. 157. Wyoming: wet woods, Black Hulls, July 25, 1910, A. Nelson, no. 9506 (as Limnorchis borealis). Coro- RADO: meadow, vicinity of Long’s Peak, Larimer Co., August 21, 1914, F. W. Hunnewell, 2nd. British COLUMBIA: woods near 174 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER Emerald Lake, Selkirk Mts., July 4, 1904, 77. Petersen, no. 75; Cascade Mts., lat. 49°, 1859, Lyall. ALaska: Disenchantment Bay, August 12, 1892, Funston, no. 112; Kodiak, July 24, 1904, Piper, no. 4438. SIBERIA: Arakamtchetchene Island, Bering Straits, 1853-56, C. Wright; “in monticulo aprico saxoso," Ajan, 1851, Tiling. See pp. 54, 76, 91, 105. Var. BRACTEATA (Muhl.) Gray, Man. ed. 5: 500 (1867). Orchis bracteata Muhl. in Willd. Sp. iv. 34 (1805). O. bractealis Salisb. Paradis. t. 110 (1806-7). Satyrium bracteatum (Muhl.) Pers. Syn. ii. 507 (1807). S. bracteale Salisb. Trans. Hort. Soc. i. 290 (1812). H. bracteata (Muhl.) R. Br. in Ait. Hort. Kew. ed. 2, v. 192 (1813). Peristylus bracteatus Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch. 298 (1835). Platanthera bracteata (Muhl.) Torr. Fl. N. Y. ii. 279 (1843). Cocloglossum bracteatum (Muhl.) Parl. Fl. Ital. iii. 409 (1858), as to name-bringing synonym. Platanthera viridis, var. bracteata (Muhl.) Reichenb. f. Icon. xiv. 130, as to name-bringing synonym.—1.3-4.5 dm. high: raceme lax, 0.3-1.8 dm. long: bracts linear-lanceolate, divergent; the lower and median 2-4 times as long as the green flowers; the uppermost equaling to twice as long as the flowers: lip linear to oblong, 2-toothed at apex, rarely with an intermediate short tooth.—Woods and meadows, Newfoundland to southern Alberta, south to New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois and Iowa; Japan, China, etc. HABENARIA straminea, n. sp., H. albidae similis; caulibus 1-3.4 dm. altis; foliis inferioribus 2-4 oblongo-obovatis obtusis vel subacutis 2-7 em. longis 0.8-3.5 em. latis basi supravaginali cuneatis, superiori- bus minoribus acuminatis in bracteas decrescentibus, omnibus inter- nodiis subaequalibus; spicis cylindricis plurifloris densis (floribus inferioribus subremotis) 3-10 em. longis 1.2-2 em. crassis; bracteis lanceolatis acuminatis ovariis duplo longioribus; ovariis fusiformibus anthesi tortis 4-6 mm. longis; sepalis stramineis anguste ovatis apicem versus plus minusve attenuatis tenuibus valde 3-nervatis 2.7-4 mm. longis; petalis lateralibus anguste ovatis apicem versus angustatis tenuibus valde 3-5-nervatis sepala vix aequantibus; labello submembranaceo 3-5 mm. longo late cuneato trifido lobis lanceolato-deltoideis subaequalibus valde 2-3-nervatis; calcare cylind- rico-clavato obtuso 2-3 mm. longo.—Newfoundland, Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands. NEWFOUNDLAND: turfy limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Pistolet Bay, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,889; peaty and turfy glades and open slopes, Schooner (or Brandy) Island, Pistolet Bay, July 18, 1925, Pease & Long, no. 27,891; moist turfy or peaty depressions in limestone barrens, Cook Point, Pistolet Bay, July 18, 1925, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 27,890; boggy depressions in limestone barrens, Cape Norman, July 18, 1925, Wiegand, Griscom, & Hotchkiss, no. 27,892 (rype in Gray Herb.), August 13, 1925, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,895; turfy limestone barrens, Four-Mile Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 20, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 175 no. 27,893; depressions in tundra one mile back of Savage Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 23, 1925, Fernald, Pease & Long, no. 27,894. GREENLAND: Julianehaab, 1859, Rink; Skansen, Disco, July 8, 1921, E. A. Porsild; Disco, 1870, Berggren; rich damp soil by brook, God- havn, August 4, 1878, Krumlein; Knanersok, lat. 62°, July 11, 1889, Hartz; ca. Neria, lat. 61° 33’, July 8, 1924, Eugenius. ICELAND: Reykjahlid, July 25, 1895, Elizabeth Taylor. FAROE ISLANDS: Mornafjeld Videro, July 11, 1905, Elizabeth Taylor. The material of Habenaria straminea from Greenland, Iceland and the Faroe Islands has regularly passed as H. albida (L.) R. Br. From that European species it differs, however, in its thicker spike (in H. albida only 0.7-1.3 em. thick); longer bracts (in M. albida rarely much overtopping the ovary); stramineous sepals which are narrower, longer and thinner and with more evident nerves (in H. albida the firm white or whitish sepals 2-3 mm. long, with only the midnerve prominent); longer thinner and definitely nerved petals; longer and thinner clearly nerved lip (in //. albida the firm and thick yellow- ish lip about 2 mm. long and opaque to transmitted light); and longer spur. In H. straminea, as found in northwestern Newfoundland, the flowers have a delicious fragrance suggestive of vanilla and Krumlein noted that the Greenland plant has * Fl. pale greenish yellow, sweet scented.” Whether the fragrance is different from that of H. albida I cannot say. In M. albida the short lip is described as horizontal or projected forward. In the herbarium-material of H. straminea it is often slightly drooping; whether this character is diagnostic cannot be settled without fresh material. See pp. 102, 105, 106. HABENARIA OBTUSATA (Pursh) Richardson, var. collectanea, n. var., a var. typica recedit racemo 1-4.5 cm. longo floribus approximatis vel subapproximatis; scapo quam folio breviori vel eo paulo super- ante—Labrador, western Newfoundland, eastern Quebec, northern Manitoba and Alaska. LABRADOR: Indian Harbor, Hamilton Inlet, August 2, 1891, Bowdoin College Exped. no. 198; Red Bay, July 4, 1892, Sornberger, no. 74; springy banks and damp hillsides, Forteau, July 30, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3112; gravelly thicket back of strand, Blane Sablon, August 4, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3114 NEWFOUNDLAND: mossy brooksides and damp turfy slopes, Sacred Island, Straits of Belle Isle, August 10, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,899; mossy and turfy trap cliffs and talus, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, August 11, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,900; gravelly and peaty limestone barrens back of Big Brook, July 15, 1925, Fernald & Long, nos. 27,897, 27,901; open woods, Flower Cove, July 26, 1921, Mary E. Priest; turfy limestone barrens, St. John's 176 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER Island, July 31, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,898 (TYPE, in Gray Herb.); damp talus of limestone sea-cliffs, Pointe Riche, August 4, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3115. QUEBEC: mossy evergreen woods, Goynish, July 5, 1915, St. John, no. 90,335; sur les rivages calcaires, Ile à Marteau, Archipel de Mingan, Juillet 15, 1924, Marie-Victorin & Rolland-Germain, no. 18,763. MANITOBA: Churchill, lat. 58° 50’, July 26, 1910, J. M. Macoun, no. 79,195. ALASKA: Nagai Island, Shumagin Islands, August 1, 1872, M. W. Harrington. In its crowded raceme H. obtusata, var. collectanea strongly simulates H. clavellata, but in all technical characters it is clearly an extreme of H. obtusata. In the typical form of the species, a woodland plant, the flowers are remote, forming a loosely alternate-flowered slender raceme which (except in the smallest specimens) is 5-17 cm. long; and the scape usually much exceeds the leaf. See p. 92. HABENARIA LACERA (Michx.) R. Br., var. TERRAE-NOVAE Fernald. For discussion see Ruopora, xxvii. 21 (1926); also p. 57. CORALLORHIZA ERICETORUM Drejer. One plant at border of spruce thicket on limestone barren south of Flower Cove, Pease, Long, & Gilbert, no. 27,920; two plants in tundra back of Big Brook, Pease & Griscom, no. 27,922; one plant in boggy tundra, Schooner (Brandy) Island, Pease & Long, no. 27,923; new to America. See p. 93. Maraxis brachypoda (Gray), n. comb. Microstylis brachy poda Gray, Ann. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. iii. 227 (1835). Mal. monophyllos of eastern American authors, not (L.) Sw. Mic. monophyllos of east- ern American authors not (L.) Lindl. In his younger days, when he was closely studying plants in the field, Asa Gray clearly understood the distinctions between the plant of eastern North America and Malaxis monophyllos (L.) Sw. or M icrostylis monophyllos (L.) Lindl. of Eurasia; but, overwhelmed apparently by the opinions of Hooker, Lindley, and Torrey, he abandoned his species and, so far as I can find, no one has subsequently suggested that our plant and the Eurasian are not identical. The two are, however, thoroughly distinct; their contrasts are indicated below. M. wowornuyLLos. Flower-bud just before expanding ovate- lanceolate, 2-3 mm. long: pedicel and ovary during anthesis 2.5-1 mm. long: expanded perianth 4-6.5 mm. broad: flower resupinate, the lip and lateral sepals subconnivent and projected forward: capsules 5-7 mm. long, on twisted pedicels 3-5 mm. long, crowned by the subconnivent ascending perianth-segments. M. nnacuvPopa. Flower-bud just before expanding ovate, 1.5-2 mm. long: pedicel and ovary during anthesis 1.5-3 mm. long: expanded perianth 3-5 mm. broad: perianth-segments (including the lip) 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 177 strongly divergent, perpendicular to the axis of the ovary, finally reflexed and appressed to the ovary, the lip drooping: capsules 3-5 mm. long, on straight pedicels 1-2 mm. long, crowned by the re- flexed and appressed perianth-segments. See p. 92. Malaxis diphyllos Cham. Linn. iii. 34 (1829), from Unalaska is the Eurasian M. monophyllos. This is indicated by Chamisso’s description of it as having “Flores exacte M. monophylli, labellum . . . , erectum"; and by the figure of Chamisso's material published by Reichenbach fil. Ic. Fl. Germ. et Helv. xiii & xiv. t. eceexciii. fig. iii (1851). In M. brachypoda the raceme tends to be shorter than in M. monophyllos, though the median measure- ments overlap. In the 16 specimens of the latter before me the inflorescences range from 2-14 cm. in length, with an average length of 7.8 em. "Ten times that number of specimens (161) of M. brachy- poda show a range from 1-11.5 (av. 4.5) em. CALYPSO BULBOSA (L.) Oakes. Mossy spruce woods, very scarce, north of Doctor Hill and on western slope of Bard Harbor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald & Long, nos. 27,930, 27,931; new to Newfoundland. See p. 125. SALIX LUCIDA Muhl. "Thickets along East Brook, St. Barbe Bay, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,932, our only Newfoundland collection from north of the Humber. S. RETICULATA L. Dominant and very variable on calcareous barrens and slopes from Quirpon to Ingornachoix Bay; leaves varying from oblong to orbicular and from 0.5-4.5 em. long. See pp. 53, 59, 62, 79, 118. S. vESTITA Pursh. Dominant on calcareous slopes and barrens from Quirpon to Bay St. George. See pp. 75, 79, 117. S. HERBACEA L. Mossy shelves of slaty cliffs, upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 27,954, the first station in Newfoundland. See p. 124. SALIX jejuna, n. sp., frutex depressus S. anglorum simulans; ramulis repentibus gracilibus glabris olivaceis vel badiis; foliis breviter oblongis vel late ellipticis apice basique subacutis vel rotundatis coriaceis 0.6-2.5 em. longis 0.2-1.8 em. latis integris utrinque glabris vel laxe villosis glabratisque reticulatis supra viridibus lucidis subtus glaucescentibus; petiolis 1-5 mm. longis superne sulcatis glabris; stipulis rare evolutis lineari-lanceolatis pilosis 1.5-2.5 mm. longis; gemmis ovoideis obtusis glabris badiis vel stramineis ad 3.5 mm. longis; amentis fructiferis 0.6-1.8 cm. longis 7-9 mm. crassis ramulos foliatos 0.4-2 em. longos plus minusve pilosos terminantibus; bracteis oblongo-obovatis fuscis vel purpurascentibus sericeo-pilosis vel apice glabratis 1-1.7 mm. longis; capsulis conico-ovoideis obtusis 3-4 mm. longis dense villoso-tomentosis vel glabratis sessilibus vel subses- 178 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER silibus; stylo distincto ad 0.3 mm. longo apice bifido stigmata bifida subaequanti; glandula bractea breviore.—Straits of Belle Isle, Labrador and Newfoundland. LaBrapor: Henley Island, Chateau Bay, September 7, 1923, A. G. Huntsman. NEWFOUNDLAND: dry rocky and gravelly limestone barrens, Cape Norman, July 18, 1925, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 27,947, August 13, 1925, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,950 (TYPE in Gray Herb.); gravelly limestone barren, Four-Mile Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 20, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,949; limestone sea-cliffs east of Big Brook, July 16, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,986. See p. 100. Salix jejuna is as yet known only in mature fruit. At all the New- foundland stations it was a very insignificant shrub, forming mats only 0.3-2 dm. across and closely associated with the wholly different S. calcicola Fern. & Wieg. In its largest extreme it resembles small shrubs of S. anglorum var. kophophylla Schneider of the serpentine areas about Bonne Bay and the Bay of Islands, Newfoundland and of Mt. Albert, Quebec; but it is at once distinguished by its tiny fruiting aments, extraordinarily short capsules and short style; S. anglorum and its varieties having fruiting aments 3-5 cm. long, capsules 7-8 mm. long and styles comparatively long (toward 1 mm. or even 1.5 mm.). "Typical arctie S. anglorum reaches its southern limit in Labrador at latitude 55?,—250 miles (400 km.) north of the Straits. Southward S. anglorum is represented by three varieties which are confined to serpentine barrens of western Newfoundland and Gaspé; S. jejuna, however, in all its Newfoundland stations is on limestone and 180 miles (290 km.) northeast of the nearest known station of S. anglorum, var. kophophylla. S. ARCTOPHILA Cockerell. Dominant in damp tundra or on peaty knolls in limestone barrens from Pistolet Bay to St. Barbe Bay, our only other record being from Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay. See pp. 53, 02, 118. SALIX ARCTOPHILA Cockerell, forma lejocarpa (And.), n. comb. S. arctica, y groenlandica, var. lejocarpa And. in DC. Prodr. xvi. pt. 2: 287 (1868). S. groenlandica, forma lejocarpa (And.) Lange, Consp. Fl. Groenl. i. 108 (1880). S. arctophila, var. lejocarpa (And.) Schnei- der, Bot. Gaz. Ixxvii. 57 (1919). The plant is surely not a geographic variety but merely a form, colonies of it occurring scattered through the range of the typical form, which has lightly pubescent capsules. (To be continued.) 1926] Sudworth,—Technical Name of the Sugar Maple 179 TECHNICAL NAME oF SuGAR MaPLE.—Mr. Kenneth K. Mackenzie announces in RHopora (Vol. 28, p. 111, 1926) that Acer saccharum Marshall, long used to designate our Sugar Maple, should be abandoned, and, I infer, for Acer saccharinum L. In fact he says that “ Marshall never published any such species." Nevertheless, Marshall did publish (Arbustum Americanum, p. 4, 1785) Acer saccharum, which is a perfectly valid species. It may be said here that Linnaeus never published any such species as Acer saccharinum, meaning our Sugar Maple. This proposed upheaval is due to the fact that in translating Marshall’s Arbustum Americanum, M. Lezermes took the liberty of substituting Acer saccharinum Linnaeus for Marshall’s Acer sac- charum, thereby only confusing the situation. Because Lezermes changed Marshall’s Acer saccharum to Acer saccharinum Linnaeus is no reason why the change should be accepted. As we now understand Acer saccharum Marshall it is the oldest valid name applied to the Sugar Maple, while the name Acer sacchari- num Linnaeus is the oldest valid name applied ot the Silver Maple, which is of course quite different from the Sugar Maple. What possible reason there can be for disturbing either of these names is difficult to see. Acer saccharinum Wangenheim was for many years applied to the Sugar Maple, but this name is antedated 34 years by Lin- naeus’s Acer saccharinum, for the Silver Maple, so that Wangenheim’s name has no standing exceptas a synonym of Marshall's Acer saccharum. We have many badly made technical names of trees and other plants, names which from a literary point of view could be much improved by making new ones or by discarding them, as M. Lezermes did and Mr. Mackenzie would seem to approve following in the case of Acer saccharum Marshall. Fortunately, however, we do not have the right, nor do we, with the hope of oursuggestions being followed, assume to discard or materially change properly published names of plants, even though such names have been badly made. They are legally established and we haven’t the right or privilege of discarding them at will.—Gxo. B. SupwongrH, U. S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, D. C. LYGODIUM PALMATUM AND AGRIMONIA MOLLIS IN BERKSHIRE Co., Mass.—Dewey in the list of plants of Berkshire Co., Mass., published in 1829, gave Lygodium palmatum from Becket. The species has not since been reported from the county. Mr. C. A. Weatherby, however, 180 Rhodora [SEPTEMBER informs me that in August, 1925, he was shown a single plant in Monterey. The station is said originally to have covered a space of about ten by twelve feet and has been known for fifty years. The reduction of the colony to a single plant can be accounted for, Mr. Weatherby thinks, by the growing up of woods around it. Mr. Weatherby also writes that he found a considerable quantity of Agrimonia mollis in woods in the southern part of Lenox. Specimens of each of the above will be deposited in the Gray Herbarium or in that of the New England Botanical Club.—HRaArrnu HorrMANN, Car- pinteria, California. Vol. 28, no. 332, including pages 133 to 156, was issued 8 September, 1926. JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Conducted and published for the Club, by BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Editor-in-Chief MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD HOLLIS WEBSTER Associate Editors CARROLL WILLIAM DODGE WILLIAM PENN RICH, Publication Committee Vol. 28. October, 1926. No. 334. CONTENTS: Botanizing in Newfoundland (continued). M. L. Fernald..... 181 Lichens of the Gaspe Peninsula (continued). C. W. Dodge... 205 Concerning Solidago humilis. K. K. Mackenzie.............. 208 Parthenium auriculatum in North Carolina. O. M. Freeman... 208 Boston, Mass. | Providence, R. J. 300 Massachusetts Ave. Preston and Rounds Co. RHODORA.—A monthly journal of botany, devoted primarily to the flora of New England. Price, $2.00 per year, postpaid (domestic and foreign) ; single copies (if available) 20 cents. Volumes 1-8 or single numbers from them can be sup- plied at somewhat advanced prices which will be furnished on application. Notes and short scientific papers, relating directly or indirectly to the plants of the northeastern states, will be gladly received and published to the extent that the limited space of the journal permits. Forms will be closed five weeks in advance of publication. Authors (of more than one page of print) will re- ceive 25 copies of the issue in which their contributions appear. Extracted re- prints, if ordered in advance, will be furnished at cost. Address manuscripts and proofs to B. L. ROBINSON, 3 Clement Circle, Cambridge, Mass. Subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to W. P. RICH, 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. Entered at Boston, Mass., Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. BOTANICAL BOOKS, New and Second Hand, PRESTON & ROUNDS CO., Providence, R. I. CARD-INDEX OF NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS, 1885 TO DATE. For American taxonomists and all students of American plants the most important supplement to the Index Kewensis, this catalogue in several ways exceeds the latter work in detail, since it lists not only the flowering plants, but pteridophytes and cellular crypto- gams, and includes not merely genera and species, but likewise sub- species, varieties and forms. À work of reference invaluable for larger herbaria, leading libraries, academies of sciences, and other centers of botanical activity. Issued quarterly, at $22.50 per 1000 cards. GRAY HERBARIUM of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. CHECK LIST OF GRAY’S MANUAL, 7th EDITION, compiled by M. A. Dax. Leatherette. Pocket size. Invaluable for collector's memoranda and herbarium records. Published and sold by the Gray HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. Price postpaid 20 cts. each. Ten copies $1.50. MEMOIRS OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM. A series of illustrated quarto papers issued at irregular intervals, sold separately. Vol. II. Persistence of Plants in unglaciated Areas of Boreal America, by M. L. Fernald, 102 pages. Aug. 1925. $2.00. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Advertisements of Nurserymen and Dealers in Botanical and other Scien- tific Publications are inserted in these pages at the following rales per space of 4 in. by 3-4 in. 1 year $4.00, 6 months $2.50. Rhodora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Vol. 28. October, 1926. No. 334. TWO SUMMERS OF BOTANIZING IN NEWFOUNDLAND. M. L. FERNALD. (Continued from p. 178.) SALIX CORDIFOLIA Pursh. S. cordifolia is the most variable willow of northwestern Newfoundland, Labrador, the Mingan Islands and the Shickshock Mountains. As already pointed out by Schneider,’ it includes most of the material which has passed in eastern America as S. glauca L.; but so very diverse are the extremes in the American series that it is quite unsatisfactory to treat them, as is done by Schneider, merely as two varieties. For instance, such a shrub as that originally described by Pursh, with broadly ovate cordate- based leaves and densely villous stout branchlets, is not satisfactorily treated as identical with S. callicarpaea Trautvetter, well illustrated and clearly described, with elliptic to narrowly ovate leaves rounded to attenuate at base. Nor are these satisfactorily identified with the large shrub occurring along the Straits of Belle Isle, with slender glabrous branchlets and glabrous obovate leaves up to 9 cm. long and 5 em. broad, nor with another shrub, of depressed habit, with pubescent branchlets and orbicular to short-oblong round-tipped leaves only 0.7-2 cm. broad. Yet it has thus far been impossible to find any characters of the aments which are at all concomitant with the variations of pubescence and foliage; and although the extremes are well marked and practically all material can be sorted definitely into six varieties, there are frequent transitional specimens. It is, however, more satisfactory to have for these stronger tendencies of the species definite varietal names than to force the shrubs into 1 Schneider, Bot. Gaz. lxvi. 343 (1918). 182 Rhodora [October the two or three categories provided by Schneider.! As a tentative classification of the American varieties of S. cordifolia the following arrangement is proposed. Owing to almost complete lack of knowl- edge of the Greenland forms of this group it has been necessary to restrict the study to the shrubs of Labrador, Newfoundland and Quebec; and eventually when the Greenland types are properly studied, some of the varietal names here used may have to be dis- placed. a. New branchlets and young leaves more or less densely vil- lous or sericeous b, b. Leaves of fruiting branches oval to ovate or obovate, cord- ate to rounded at base, mostly 3-7 em. long........... Var. typica. b. Leaves of fruiting branches not cordate, if rounded at base mostly smaller or narrower c. c. Mature leaves mostly 2.5-6 cm. long, oblanceolate, ob- long, elliptic or narrowly obovate. Leaves glabrate in maturity or merely a little silky on the nerves beneath........,.......,....... Var. callicarpaea. Leaves permanently and rather densely villous....Var. intonsa. c. Mature leaves mostly only 1-2.5 em. long, orbicular to short-oblong or narrowly obovate Leaves elliptic, oblong or narrowly obovate, acute or vo eee E ane, oo see A ee Var. Macounii. Leaves orbicular to short. oblong, rounded at summit Var. eucycla. a. New branchlets and young leaves glabrous or essentially so; leaves obovate, 2-5 cm. broad.......................... Var. tonsa. S. CORDIFOLIA, var. typica, n. var. S. cordifolia Pursh, Fl. Am. Sept. ii. 611 (1814); Forbes, Salict. Wob. 277, fig. 143 (1829). S. labradorica Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i. 274 (1899) as to descrip- tion, not as to later designated type.—Depressed or ascending, up to 0.5 m. high; branchlets rather stout, silky-villous: leaves of the fruiting branches oval to ovate or slightly obovate, cordate, sub- cordate or rounded at base, acuminate to obtuse; the fully grown 2.5-7 em. long, 2-4.5 em. broad, more or less silky-villous on both surfaces, sometimes becoming nearly or quite glabrate; leaves of the sprouts larger, thinner and often more strongly cordate.—The following specimens have been examined. LaBrapor: Henley Harbor, August 15, 1923, A. G. Huntsman. NEWFOUNDLAND: dryish limestone talus, western face of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, August 24, 1925, Fernald & Long, nos. 27,977, 27,978; dry rocky limestone barrens, near sea-level, Ingornachoix Bay, August 1, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3219. Pursh’s description of Salix cordifolia was very definite: 1 Schneider treats S. atra Rydb. as a form and, although reducing the comparatively distinct S. callicarpaea Trauttv. and S. labradorica Rydberg, proposes S. cordifolia forma hypoprionata for the individuals of whatever leaf-outline and pubescence which exhibit a slight denticulation on some of the margins. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 183 “S, depressa; foliis ovalibus subacutis basi cordatis integerrimis retieulato-venosis supra glabris, subtus pallidis nervo margineque pilosis, stipulis semicordatis. In Labrador. b. v. v. s. fl. in Hort. Anderson. In general habit it resembles S. myrsinites." Such a description might have been drawn from any of the numbers above cited and it certainly seems right to identify with Pursh's description the shrub which really has oval and cordate leaves. Rydberg, apparently ignoring Pursh's description or laying more emphasis than seems justified upon the permanence of the pubescence, redescribed S. cordifolia as a new species, S. labradorica, with “young shoots more or less densely villous; leaves broadly ovate, often obtuse or subcordate at the base, rather firm, dark and glossy above, more or less glaucous beneath, on both surfaces invested with white villous hairs." But it is impossible to reconcile with Rydberg’s description, “leaves broadly ovate, often obtuse or subcordate at the base,” the specimen from Turner’s Head, Labrador, which has been design- ated in the Columbia College Herbarium as the “type” of S. labra- dorica; for this “type” has elliptic-oblanceolate leaves acutish at both ends! Rydberg cites several other specimens (in the Herbarium of the Geological Survey of Canada) and presumably one or more of them agrees with his description of S. labradorica and Pursh’s description of S. cordifolia in having broadly ovate cordate leaves; but if the plant designated as the “ type" is to be accepted as standing for S. labradorica, then the description is of no account! It is sur- mised that the “type” was selected without consulting the descrip- tion further than to pick out the first-cited specimen, which happened to be the one from Turner’s Head; and the word “type” was written on the sheet, apparently by Dr. Britton, long after Rydberg had described his species.! Pursh’s type specimen is unknown but, as already stated, his description is well matched by actual specimens from Labrador and Newfoundland; and the figure of an oval cordate-based leaf published by Forbes, with a literal translation of Pursh’s description is well matched by leaves on Fernald & Wiegand’s no. 3219 or on Fernald & Long’s no. 27,978. The crenulation of the margin suggested in Forbes’s figure is seen on the leaves of the leading shoots of both the 1 This case raises the question whether the description and the cited plant most nearly matching it are to be taken as of most importance, which seems the logical course: or whether the first-cited specimen, though disagreeing with the description, must be selected in lieu of a definitely cited type. 184 Rhodora [October above numbers. Schneider, almost unfamiliar with true S. cordifolia and influenced by the specimen with elliptic or oblong leaves narrowed at base in the Hooker herbarium, was perplexed by Forbes’s figure of S. cordifolia and was “unable to ascertain its identity.” The commonest variety of S. cordifolia is the shrub with the leaves of the fertile branches most commonly elliptic or oblong, but varying to oblanceolate or to narrowly obovate, and narrowed or only slightly rounded at base, acute to obtuse at apex. It was a specimen of this common shrub, also cultivated in the Anderson garden, which led Hooker to remark of 5. cordifolia Pursh: “The plant thus named for me by Mr. Borrer, who is probably acquainted with the original plant cultivated by Mr. Anderson, little deserves the appellation of cordifolia, its leaves being more frequently acute than retuse at the base."? But in view of Pursh’s description and of the actual occur- rence of a shrub with cordate-based ovate leaves the later specimen in Hooker’s herbarium (of which a tracing is before me) cannot be taken as in any way typical of true S. cordifolia. This narrower- leaved shrub was well described and illustrated as S. callicarpaea Trautv. It should be called S. CORDIFOLIA, var. callicarpaea (Trautv.), n. comb. S. callicarpaea Trautv. Nouv. Mém. Soc. Imp. Nat. Mose. ii. 295, t. 7 (1832). S. cordifolia Trautv. l. c. 298, t. 9 (1832); Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 152 (1839), in part; Schneider, l. c. (1918) for the most part. S. plani- folia Hook. |. c. 150 (1839) as to Brenton plant. S. glauca Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i. 271 (1899) as to Labrador plant. S. Wag- hornet Rydb. l. c. (1899) in part. S. atra Rydb. 1. c. 272 (1899).— Depressed or ascending, up to 1.7 m. high; branchlets silky-villous: leaves of the fruiting branches elliptie or oblong, varying to oblanceo- late or narrowly obovate, acute to obtuse at base and apex, 2.5-6 cm. long, 1-3.5 em broad, silky-villous when young, becoming glabrate or nearly so in age or with merely a slight silkiness on the veins beneath. The typical form of the variety (S. callicarpaea Trautv.) has elliptic to narrowly ovate acute leaves. S. cordifolia, forma atra (Rydb.) Schneider, Bot. Gaz. Ixvi. 346 (1918) is the form with narrowly oblong to oblanceolate leaves very acute at both ends The form with obovate obtuse leaves may prove to be S. obovata Pursh, l. c. (1814), Forbes l. c. 278, fig. 144 (1829). The individuals which display any serrulate-denticulate margins (frequent on vigorous shoots) have been designated S. cordifolia, forma hypo- prionata Schneider, |. c. (1918). None of these forms seem worth maintaining. Var. callicarpaea is common from northern Labrador 1 Schneider, Bot. Gaz. Ixvi. 343 (1918). ? Hook, Fl. Bor.-Am. ii. 152 (1839). 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 185 to northwestern Newfoundland and the Shickshock Mts., Quebec. The following belong here. LABRADOR: 20 miles north of Nakvak, H. S. Forbes, no. 95; Flint Island, near Port Manvers, 0. Bryant, no. 94; 15 miles west of Nain, H. S. Forbes, no. 96; Indian Harbor, Bryant, nos. 97, 98; Gready Island, Bryant, nos. 90, 92, 93; Battle Harbor, Waghorne, no. 21 (cited by Rydberg as S. labradorica); Chateau Bay, Bowdoin College Exped. no. 78; Red Bay, Bowdoin College Exped., no. 291, Sornborger, no. 7; Forteau, Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 3209, 3211, 3212, 3220, Long, no. 28,029; Blane Sablon, Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 3223, 3225, 3226 (type of S. cordifolia forma hypopri- onata Schneider), Griscom, no. 1. NEWFOUNDLAND: Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, nos. 27,974, 28,002; Sacred Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,003; Four-Mile Cove, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,969; Big Brook, Fernald & Long, nos. 27,966, 27,996; Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,569, Fernald, Griscom & Gilbert, no. 27,981; Bear Cove, Wiegand & Pease, no. 27,999; St. Barbe, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,574; Brig Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,573; Bard Harbor, Fernald & Long, no. 28,000; Bard Harbor Hill, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,970; St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,001; Pointe Riche, Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 3202, 3205; Ingornachoix Bay, Fernald: & Wiegand, nos. 3206, 3208, 3215-3217, 3222; Cape St. George, M ackenzie & Griscom, no. 11,043. Quesec: Brest, St. John, no. 90,845; Caribou Island, Martin, no. 4 (cited by Rydberg as S. glauca); Archipel Ouapitagone, St. John, no. 90,842; Archipel de Mingan, St. John, nos. 90,835-90,840, 90,846, Victorin & Rolland, nos. 18,910, 18,911, 18,913, 18,916, 18,922-18,927, 18,929-18,931; Baie Sainte-Claire, Anticosti, Victorin, nos. 4349-4351; Table-top Mountains, Fernald & Collins, nos. 212, 521; Mt. Albert, Fernald & Collins, no. 63; Mt. Pembroke, Griscom & Pease, no. 25,680a, Fernald & Smith, no. 25,685; Pease Basin, between Mts. Logan and Pembroke, Fernald, Griscom & Mackenzie, nos. 25,673, 25,674, Pease & Smith, nos. 25,677-25,680; pass between Mts. Logan and Fortin, Fernald & Pease, no. 25,008. Var. intonsa, n. var., frutex depressus vel erectus ad 1.7 m. altus; ramulis villosis; foliis maturis lanceolatis vel oblanceolatis vel ellipticis vel anguste ovatis basi apiceque acutis vel obtusis dense villosis 2-4.5 cm. longis.—LaABRADOR: 20 miles north of Nakvak, August 28, 1908, H. S. Forbes, no. 100; Makkovik, August, 1896, A. Stecker, no. 3; Turner's Head, Hamilton Inlet, August 6, 1892, Waghorne, no. 36 (the first-cited specimen of S. labradorica Rydb. and selected by Dr. Britton as the “type”, although in its very narrow leaves acute at base contradicting Rydberg’s description,—see discussion under var. typica); wet moss along spring-brooks on calcareous sandstone escarpment, Blanc Sablon, September 4, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,031. NEWFOUNDLAND: spruce thickets at base of Yankee Point, July 12, 1925, Fernald & Griscom, no. 28,025; rocky meadows and 186 Rhodora [October brook-bottoms, upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, August 20, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,030 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). QUEBEC: dry granite rock-slides at 950-1200 m. altitude, southern slope of Mt. McNab, Tabletop Mts., August 1, 1923, Fernald, Dodge & Smith, no. 25,681. As already noted, the Turner’s Head specimen which Britton has designated as the “type” of Salix labradorica Rydb. belongs with S. cordifolia, var. intonsa. In its pubescence alone does it match Rydberg’s description and since both his key and his description emphasize the broadly ovate leaves of S. labradorica, it seems wholly unsafe to take up for a variety of S. cordifolia the misbegotten name S. labradorica. Similarly, I am quite unable to separate S. cordifolia, var. intonsa from some specimens from Greenland which Schneider places in his species, S. anamesa. But one has only to read the origi- nal discussion of S. anamesa Schneider, Bot. Gaz. lxvi. 348 (1918) to see that it is scarcely separable from S. cordifolia “from which it chiefly differs by the presence of stomata in the upper leaf surface.” Schneider looks upon S. Waghornei Rydb. as a hybrid of S. cordifolia and S. anglorum, because it resembles the former but has stomata in the upper surface of the leaves (as in S. anglorum). This interpre- tation may be correct but not all shrubs of S. cordifolia with villous leaves and stomata in the upper leaf-surface can be regarded as hybrids of S. anglorum. For instance, Fernald & Long’s no. 28,031 from Blane Sablon, Labrador has such stomata, yet Schneider cor- rectly states that the southern limit of S. anglorum in Labrador is in latitude 55°—fully 250 miles north of Blanc Sablon. That the pres- ence of stomata is a specific character separating the Greenland shrub from the American, I am quite unwillung to admit; and Schnei- der’s memoranda on the Greenland sheets in the Gray Herbarium are specially significant: “cf. S. anamesa Schn.”’; “S. anglorum Cham. f. satis sericeo-pilosa vel S. anamesae forma”’; “f. incerta, prob. ad S. anamesam referenda"; “ab S. anglorum typica certe distinguere non possum (an S. anamesam accedens) "; “S. anamesa Schn. vide- tur”; “f. mihi incerta, prob. ad S. anamesam Schn. referenda"; “S. anamesa m."; “forma incerta. S. cordifolia v. atra vel S. anamesa Schn. videtur." Until its own author can recognize S. anamesa its claims to specific rank are not likely to appeal to others. Var. Macountr (Rydb.) Schneider, Bot. Gaz. lxvi. 347 (1918). S. Macounit Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i. 269 (1899). S. Ryd- bergii Heller, Cat. N. Am. Pl. ed. 2: 4 (1900). S. veacciniformis Rydb. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 187 in Britt. Man. Fl. N. St. and Can. 319 (1901).—Depressed or low shrub: branchlets villous: mature leaves elliptic, oblong or narrowly obovate, acute or acutish, mostly 1-2.5 em. long, 0.5-1.5 cm. broad, villous or glabrate,—The following are characteristic. LABRADOR: Hopedale, Sornborger, no. 1. NEWFOUNDLAND: Quirpon Harbor, Huntsman; Schooner (or Brandy) Island, Pistolet Bay, Pease & Long, no. 27,997; Cape Norman, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 27,987, 27,988; Boat Harbor, Straits of Belle Isle, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 27,998; Big Brook, Straits of Belle Isle, Pease & Griscom, no. 27,985; Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, nos. 27,994, 27,995; Sandy (or Poverty) Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,575; Savage Cove, Fernald & Griscom, no. 27,992; Yankee Point, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 27,984; Flower Cove, Mary E. Priest, no. C1, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,571, Fernald, Griscom & Gilbert, no. 27,980; Ice Point, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 27,993; Brig Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, nos. 26,572, 26,578; Ingornachoix Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 3203, 3207, 3218, 3221; Bonne Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, nos. 3229, 3230, Kimball, nos. 136, 137; Baccalieu Island, Notre Dame Bay, Sornborger. QUEBEC: Caribou Island, Martin, no. 2; Ile à la Vache Marine, Mingan, Victorin & Germain, nos. 18,915, 18,932; Ellis Bay, Anticosti, John Macoun, no. 18,830 (rvPE); Fernald Pass, between Mts. Mattaouisse and Fortin, Fernald, Griscom, Mackenzie, Pease & Smith, no. 25,670; Pease Basin, between Mts. Logan and Pembroke, Fernald, Griscom & Mackenzie, nos. 25,671, 25,672, 25,675. Var. eucycla, n. var., var. Macounii similis, foliis orbieularibus vel breviter oblongis apice rotundatis 0.7-2 mm. latis. —NEWFOUND- LAND: turfy limestone barrens, Captain Point, Flower Cove, July 27, 1924, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,570; limy barrens southeast and south of Flower Cove, July 10, 1925, Wiegand, Pease, Long & Hotchkiss, nos. 27,982, 27,991; limestone barrens near sea-level, Pointe Riche, August 4, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3204 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). QUEBEC: sprawling on ledge, Ile Metchiatik, Archipel Ouapitagone, July 15, 1915, St. John, no. 90,841. Var. tonsa, n. var., frutex depressus vel erectus ad 1 m. altus; ramulis glabris lucidis gracilibus; foliis obovatis 2.5-9 cm. longis 2-5 em. latis glabris submembranaceis.—LABRADOR: wet land, Red Bay, August 7, 1894, Waghorne, no. 33 (Arnold Aboretum); springy banks and damp places, Forteau, July 30, 1910, Fernald & W iegand, nos. 3213, 3214. NEWFOUNDLAND: rich thickets on lower slopes of Ha-Ha Mountain, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, nos. 27,967, 27,968; shelves, crests and talus of diorite cliffs, Ha-Ha Mountain, August 5, 1925, Fernald & Long, nos. 27,971 (rype in Gray Herb.), 27,972; wet slaty cliffs, John Kanes’s Ladder, western face of Doctor Hill, August 24, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 27,979. QueEBEc: schistose talus and wet shelves at base (alt. 400- 600 m.) of Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, July 10, 1923, Dodge, Griscom & Pease, no. 25,659. | 188 Rhodora [October The Waghorne number from Red Bay was cited by Rydberg under S. Waghornei Rydb. Bull. N. Y. Bot. Gard. i. 271 (1899), but it is quite different from the type, a poor fragment, scarcely identifiable, collected by Dr. Bryant in 1860. Rydberg's description calls for a shrub with the leaves “somewhat hairy when young, but the long white hairs . . . appressed and parallel to the midrib” and the type-specimen is too near S. cordifolia var. callicarpaea. SALIX pedunculata, n. sp., frutex 0.5-1.5 m. altus erectus; ramulis novellis glabris fuscis deinde castaneis nitidulis; gemmis bene evolutis nondum visis; foliis immaturis membranaceis glabris ellipticis oblongis vel anguste obovatis 2-5.5 em. longis 1-3 em. latis subacuminatis vel plus minusve acutis, basi angustatis petiolatis petiolis 3-8 mm. longis margine subintegris vel undulato-crenatis supra viridibus sublucidisque subtus glaucis; stipulis lanceolatis 2-3 mm. longis glanduloso-dentatis deciduis; amentis foemineis coetaneis peduncu- latis sub anthesi nondum visis adultioribus 4-8 em. longis 1.1-1.4 em. crassis densifloris; pedunculis 1-2.5 cm. longis foliis 2-3 caducis munitis pedunculo rhachique griseo-pilosis; bracteis anguste ovato- oblongis subacutis nigrescentibus 3.5-4.5 mm. longis longe pilosis; capsulis lanceolato-ovoideis longe rostratis 6-8 mm. longis breviter griseo-pilosis pilis nitidulis; stylis distinctis 1.2-1.5 mm. longis supra subclavatis stigmatibus oblongis bifidis adscendentibus stylo duplo brevioribus basi vix distinctis; pedicellis 1.5-2 mm. longis glandulam elongatam duplo superantibus.—NEwrovNDLAND: brooksides and pond-margins one mile back of Savage Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 14, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,035. See p. 95. In some characters Salix pedunculata suggests S. discolor Muhl., S. planifolia Pursh and S. arctophila Cockerell. As an erect coarse shrub with subentire to undulate glabrous leaves glaucous beneath it suggests the two former and its very long fruiting aments are suggestive of those of S. discolor. It is at once distinguished from both S. discolor and S. planifolia by its late flowering, the aments terminating definite and elongate leafy-bracted peduncles. The bracts (or scales) of the aments are more elongate and acute than in S. discolor, the style longer, and the stigmas shorter than in that species, and the capsules are shorter than in well-developed S. dis- color. Besides by its long-peduncled instead of sessile aments S. pedunculata differs from S. planifolia in its very long fruiting aments, the longest mature aments of S. planifolia rarely exceeding 4 cm.; its longer pedicels and capsules and the much shorter pubescence of the latter. In its large peduncled fruiting aments, its black scales and its 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 189 glabrous foliage, herbarium-specimens of S. pedunculata superficially suggest S. arctophila, but the latter species belongs in a very different section, with prostrate and repent habit, sessile or only short-pediceled capsules, short round-tipped bracts, ete. The only other near relatives of S. pedunculata besides S. discolor and S. planifolia are S. phylicifolia L. of Europe, with which 5. planifolia was formerly confused, and 5. pennata Ball, of Washington and Oregon. From the former it is distinguished by its long peduncles and much larger fruiting aments, its longer bracts (or scales) its less deeply cleft stigmas and its longer style; from the latter, as described and illustrated by Ball, by its peduncled aments much longer in fruit, long pedicels and griseous instead of white pubescence of the capsule. At the type-station S. pedunculata formed an extensive thicket at the border of a pond in the limestone barrens back of Savage Cove. It was observed only at this station but further exploration of the little known barrens along the Straits of Belle Isle will doubtless show that it, like most other species endemic in the region, extends over a considerable area. SALIX amoena, n. sp., frutex 1-2 m. altus erectus; ramulis novellis glabris vel sparse pilosis glabratisque deinde castaneis nitidulis; foliis immaturis membranaceis glabris ellipticis vel anguste obovatis 4-7 em. longis 1.3-3 em. latis apice subacutis vel obtusis basi angusta- tis petiolatis, petiolis gracilibus ad 1.5 cm. longis, margine undulatis vel remote adpresso-crenatis supra viridibus subtus glaucescentibus; amentis foemineis coetaneis pedunculatis 3-7 cm. longis 1.2-1.7 em. crassis densifloris vel basi laxifloris; pedunculis 1-3.5 cm. longis foliis 3-4 munitis pedunculo rhachique sericeo-pilosis; bracteis oblongis flavidis 2-3 mm. longis longe pilosis; capsulis lanceolato-subulatis longe rostratis 6-8 mm. longis breviter griseo-pilosis pilis nitidulis; stylis distinctis 1 mm. longis stigmatibus oblongis bifidis subadscend- entibus stylo brevioribus; pedicellis 1-1.5 mm. longis glandulam elongatam paulo superantibus.—NEWFOUNDLAND: rich thickets on lower slopes of Ha-Ha Mountain, Ha-Ha Bay, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 38,036 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). In habit Salix amoena is very similar to S. pedunculata (described in this paper) but it is at once distinguished by the shorter yellow bracts of the aments, the more slender capsule, shorter style, shorter pedicels and relatively longer glands. It also simulates 5. Bebbiana, var. perrostrata (Rydb.) Schneider but is quickly distinguished by the short pedicels and definite slender styles. From all forms of the protean S. cordifolia Pursh it stands out by its long, and in maturity, 190 Rhodora [October flexuous or drooping aments, its distinctly undulate or crenate leaves (as in S. discolor and S. Bebbiana) and its slender pedicels. In a springy meadow at the northern base of Ha-Ha Mountain it formed a thicket of considerable extent but staminate shrubs, if they there occur, were too far advanced for us to secure good male aments. S. MYRTILLIFOLIA Anderss. Cold mossy brooksides and pond- margins one mile back of Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 28,004; swale by Mile Brook, west of Big Brook, Long & Gilbert, no. 28,005; the only Newfoundland records from north of Ingornachoix Bay. See p. 95. S. MYRYILLIFOLIA var. BRACHYPODA Fernald. Mossy brooksides and damp turfy slopes, Sacred Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,006; meadow below limestone escarpment, western face of Bard Harbor Hill and dryish limestone talus, western face of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,006, 28,010; the first stations except on Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay. See p.122. This may prove to be the problematical S. latiuscula Anderss. See p. 126. S. CALCICOLA Fern. & Wieg. Dominant on wet or dry limestone barrens from Pistolet Bay to Ingornachoix Bay. See p. 62. Very variable, the mature foliage varying from elliptic-lanceolate to sub- orbicular and from 0.8-5.6 em. long. S. CRYPTODONTA Fern. Cold brooksides and pond-margins one mile back of Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 28,026; cold springy glade, interior of southern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald & Long, no. 28,028; the first stations except the original, on the East Branch of the Humber. See pp. 95, 119. S. BEBBIANA Sargent, var. PERROSTRATA (Rydb.) Schneider. Thickets, brooksides and damp caleareous slopes along the Straits, local: Big Brook, Fernald, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 28,032; Eddies Cove Brook, Griscom, no. 28,038; Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 28,033; the Rocky Mt. extreme, new to Newfoundland. See p. S. PLANIFOLIA Pursh. Schneider! excludes this species from the flora of Newfoundland. It abounds in northwestern Newfoundland from Quirpon to St. John Bay. S. PELLITA Anderss. Brookside below John Kanes's Ladder, western face of Doctor Hill and meadow below calcareous sandstone escarpments, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,057, 28,058; the only Newfoundland records from north of the Humber. BETULA PUMILA L., var. renifolia, n. var., frutex depressus; ramulis villosis; foliis ramulorum fructiferorum plerumque reniformibus vel oblatis basi cordatis margine grosse dentatis.— QUEBEC: gnelss ! Journ. Arn. Arb. iii. 89 (1921). 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 191 ledges, Mutton Bay, Saguenay County, September 7, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,089 (TYPE in Gray Herb.); Bonne Espérance, August 27, 1882, J. A. Allen, no. 70 (in part). In typical Betula pumila, which abounds in Newfoundland, southern Labrador and much of eastern Canada, the principal leaves of the fertile branches are obovate and narrowed to the base. At Mutton Bay, var. renifolia was a dominant shrub, covering the ledges over a considerable area. No typical B. pumila was observed there, although our visit was brief—during the short stop of the steamer. UTRICA GRACILIS AND SOME RELATED NORTH AMERICAN SPECIES.— There are three indigenous Nettles in the region from New England to Newfoundland and Labrador. One of them has regularly passed as Urtica gracilis Ait., another as U. Lyallii Wats., and the third has been doubtfully referred sometimes to one, sometimes to the other of those species. In attempting to clear the identity of the third plant it has become obvious that we have always misidentified U. gracilis and that the wide-ranging boreal species (extending from Newfoundland to British Columbia, south to northern and western New England, northern New York, New Mexico and Oregon) which we have called U. Lyallii is not satisfactorily identifiable with the Lyall plant which Watson had before him. And not merely the type of U. Lyallii Wats. has been misunderstood, but the identity of his other species, U. Breweri of California, has been wholly mis- interpreted. There are few good diagnostic characters to be found in the flowers and fruits of our perennial nettles, all of which were treated by Weddell! as varieties of the Old World U. dioica L. U. dioica is, as its name implies, dioecious; the native American plants strongly tend to be monoecious. In the latter series wholly pistillate individuals frequently occur but in the whole range of native American plants studied I have found no specimens which have only staminate inflorescences; various mixtures occur but all American plants ap- parently have some of the terminal racemes pistillate. On this account and since the American plants have clearly defined and wholly characteristic and consistent ranges, I am treating them as species, although it is not possible to assign them diagnostic fruit-characters. A large proportion of specimens are so poorly collected (for obvious reasons) that the best diagnostic character, the mature stipule, is 1 Weddell, Mon. Urt. 78 (1856) and in DC. Prodr. xvi.! 50-53 (1869). 192 Rhodora [October not well displayed. The texture and shape of the mature stipules, a character already used by Rydberg in his Flora of the Rocky Moun- tains, is probably as important a character as any. In the eastern and transcontinental plants the stipules are scarious to herbaceous in texture and green to at most pale-brown; in the three species confined to the Pacific slope, U. holosericea Nutt., U. Breweri Wats. (? U. californica Greene) and U. Lyallii Wats., they are subcoriaceous to coriaceous and soon become deep-brown to castaneous. As a result of the present study the following memoranda on the principal perennial species of temperate North America are recorded. Urtica GRACILIS Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. 341 (1789). As usually interpreted, U. gracilis is the tall species of the eastern United States with the stems only slightly, if at all bristly, except at base, but cinereous-pilose above; the primary leaves ordinarily oblong-lanceo- late or narrowly ovate-lanceolate, with 20-35 teeth on each margin— those subtending the lowest inflorescences with 19-38 (av. 25); the petiole 4-3 as long as the blade; the lower leaf-surfaces ashy- puberulent and the stipules densely cinereous-puberulent. This plant is of wide range in the United States, westward across the Mississippi Basin; and, so far as shown in the Gray Herbarium, its northeastern limit extends from the warm southern side of the Gulf of St. Lawrence (Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island—lat. 46°-47°) across southern Aroostook County, Maine (lat. 46° 40’) to the region slightly north of Montreal (lat. 46° 20’) and the counties of Ontario bordering Lake Ontario (lat. 44°). When Aiton’s original description is studied some points are apparent which at once indicate that we have been in error in applying to the plant just defined the name U. gracilis. Aiton’s description was brief but clear: “6. U. foliis oppositis ovato-lanceolatis nudiusculis, caule petio- lisque hispidis, racemis geminis. Slender-stalk'd Nettle. Nat. of Hudson's Bay. Introd. 1782, by the Hudson's Bay Company." The description alone might be given little weight, were it not for the type region, Hudson Bay, hundreds of miles to the north of the known northern limit of the tall species with puberulent closely toothed leaves and cinereous stipules. But in view of the occurrence in northwestern Newfoundland and on the Labrador Peninsula, thence westward to British Columbia, and south to the Magdalen 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 193 Islands, northern and western New England, northern New York, New Mexico and Oregon, of a plant with ovate-lanceolate usually glabrous slender-petioled leaves with the upper half of the stem and the petioles often bristly, it seems clear that it is this more northern species which should bear the name U. gracilis. The more boreal plant has the stems glabrous or merely setulose above; the leaves lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or only sparingly pilose beneath; their margins more coarsely toothed than in the more southern species— each side of the leaves subtending the lowest inflorescences having - 13-23 (av. 17) teeth; the petiole slender and elongate, 1.5-5.5 (av. 3) em. long, 1-3 as long as the blade; and the very thin stipules often nearly glabrous. This is the plant which in eastern America has passed as U. Lyallii Wats., but the Lyall plant, as already noted, is a species of the north Pacific slope with firm and finally castaneous stipules. With U. gracilis now identified as the northern transcontinental long-petioled species, the “Slender-stalk’d Nettle” of Aiton which has erroneously passed as U. Lyallii, it is necessary to find the correct name for the more southern plant with cinereous puberulence which has passed as U. gracilis. This seems to be, without question, U. procera Muhl. in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv.! 353 (1805). The third indigenous species of northeastern America is with us a plant of the coast, chiefly at the upper borders of beaches, occurring from southeastern Labrador to Maine but reappearing in the Rocky Mountains, from Alberta to New Mexico. It is a lower but coarser plant than either Urtica gracilis or U. procera, its leaves with glabrous to pilose-hirsute lower surfaces, coarse teeth and short, stout petioles; the leaves subtending the lowest inflorescences having 11-25 (av. 17) pairs of teeth and petioles 0.7-2.5 (av. 1.3) em. long, only 1-1 as long as the leaf-blade. Its staminate inflorescences are short and thick and its stipules comparatively long. This short-petioled species was described from the Rocky Mountains as U. viridis Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxix. 305 (1912). Since these three species have all passed as Urtica gracilis it is well to reenumerate their diagnostic characters and to cite some characteristic specimens. U. eracus Ait. Hort. Kew. iii. 341 (1789). U. cardiophylla Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxiv. 191 (1897). U. Lyalli of eastern Am. authors, not Wats.—Slender, 0.3-1 m. high: stem glabrous above or somewhat setulose and sparingly pilose: leaves lanceolate 194 Rhodora [October to ovate, rounded to cordate at base, slender-petioled, glabrous on both surfaces or sparingly pilose beneath, coarsely serrate; those subtending the lowest inflorescences 5-15 (av. 9) em. long, with 13-23 (av. 17) pairs of teeth and with petioles 1.5-5.5 (av. 3) em. long and ?-5 as long as the blade: stipules thin, greenish to stramin- eous, glabrous to pilose, much shorter than the petioles: inflorescences slender, usually forking, mostly moniliform or interrupted.—North- western Newfoundland to northern Maine, western New England and northern New York; Alberta and British Columbia, south to New Mexico and Oregon. The following are characteristic. NEw- ` FOUNDLAND: rich thickets and glades near timber-line, Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,099; springy cliffs and talus above the Overfall of Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,103; bushy swale on flat north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 28,104. QuEBEC: Seven Islands, Saguenay Co., C. B. Robinson, no. 946; thicket, Dartmouth River, Gaspé Co., Collins, Fernald & Pease, no. 5503; limestone detritus in thickets, Les Murailles, Percé, Fernald & Collins, no. 1003; cal- careous sea-cliffs and rock-slides by the Gulf of St. Lawrence, slightly west of Marten River, Gaspé Co., Fernald & Pease, no. 25,029; thickets and wet rock-talus, Nettle Gully, alt. about 400 m., northern base of Mt. Collins, Fernald & Pease, no. 25,038 (locality given on label as “Mt. Logan”), Fernald & Smith, no. 25,712; Tadousac, August 9, 1892, G. G. Kennedy. MAGDALEN ISLANDS: cool wooded bank, Grindstone Island, Fernald, Long & St. John, no. 7321; open spruce woods, Basin Island, Fernald, Bartram, Long & St. John, no. 7319; sandy bank, Amherst Island, St. John, no. 1850. PRINCE Epwarp ISLAND: by brook in woods, Harmony, Fernald & St. John, no. 11,033. Maine: Fort Kent, 1881, Kate Furbish; alluvial island, Seven Islands, St. John River, St. John, no. 2278. VERMONT: Burlington, August 16, 1901, L. R. Jones (probably introduced); Wallingford, May 25, 1908, E. F. Williams (probably introduced). Connecticut: roadside, Stafford, August 27, 1903, Bissell, Graves (probably introduced). New York: roadsides, Potsdam, Phelps, no. 385 (probably introduced). Montana: banks of Missouri Hiver, alt. 3600 ft., Scribner, no. 251; Bald Mountain, alt. 7000 ft., Watson, no. 357 (distributed as U. Breweri). Wyomina: Centennial Valley, A. Nelson, nos. 1273, 1862 (as U. Breweri). Cotorapo: Bob Creek, western La Plata Mts., Baker, Earle & Tracey, no. 282; near Pagosa Peak, alt. 9000 ft., Baker, no. 281, North Elk Canyon, Rio Blanco Co., July 26, 1902, Sturgis. New Mexico: bottom of Moro River, Fendler, no. 821; White Mts., alt. 7000 ft., Wooton, no. 305; Windsor Creek, alt. 8400 ft., Pecos River National Park, Standley, no. 4259. Inano: river-bank, St. Anthony, Merrill & Wilcox, no. 853. OREGON: mountain streams and bogs, alt. 4000-6000 ft., Cusick, no. 2070. WASHINGTON: Columbia River, Klikitat Co., Suksdorf, no. 58; near 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 195 Ellensburgh, Brandegee, no. 1075; low meadows, Pullman, July 10, 1895, Hardwick, Piper; along streams in woods, Blue Mts., July 17, 1896, Piper; near streams, Waitsburg, Horner, no. B443; Montesano, Heller, no. 3920; among bushes along streams, Mt. Paddo, Suksdorf, no. 6354. British CotumBia: Upper Alloknejik Lake, July, 1882, McKay; thickets, Beaver Creek, Selkirk Range, July 13, 1885, Macoun; deep thicket at Nelson, Shaw, no. 667; thickets, Yoho Valley, July 28, 1916, Hunnewell. U. procera Muhl. in Willd. Sp. Pl. iv. 353 (1805). U. gracilis of most Am. auth., not Ait. U. dioica, t. procera (Muhl.) Weddell, Mon. Urt. 78 (1856). U. longifolia Raf. acc. to Weddell, l. c. (1856). — Slender and tall, up to 1 m. or more high: stem only slightly if at all bristly but cinereous-pilose or -puberulent toward the summit: leaves oblong-lanceolate to narrowly ovate-lanceolate, usually ci- nereous-puberulent beneath, slender-petioled, rather closely serrate; those subtending the lowest inflorescences 6.5-18 (av. 11) em. long, with 19-38 (av. 25) pairs of teeth and with petioles 1.5-8.5 (av. 4.5) em. long and 1-3 as long as the blade: stipules submembranaceous, cinereous-puberulent, much shorter than the petioles.—Nova Scotia and southern Quebec to North Dakota, south to North Carolina and Louisiana. The following are characteristic. QUEBEC: roadside, Lac Mercier to Lac Tremblant, Terrebonne Co., July 29, 1922, Churchill; trés abondant sur la terre noire de St. Hubert, Victorin, no. 17,441; dry pasture, Philipsburg, August, 1923, Knowlton. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: swampy woods and thickets along Brackley Point Road, Fernald, Long & St. John, no. 7320. Nova SCOTIA: open woods about bases of gypsum cliffs, Port Bevis, Fernald & Long, no. 21,037; damp thickets near Tusket Hiver, Tusket Falls, Fernald, Bissell, Graves, Long & Linder, no. 21,036; rocky roadside, Belle- ville, Fernald & Long, no. 23,786. MAINE: moist roadside, Lime- stone, Cushman, no. 2265; river-thicket, Masardis, September 8, 1897, Fernald; Fort Fairfield, July 19, 1902, Williams, Collins & Fernald; thicket, Bradley, July 17, 1890, Fernald; Buckfield, Septem- ber, 1889, Parlin; moist roadside-thickets, Monhegan Island, Jenney, Churchill & Hill, no. 3231; river-shore, Topsham, August 29, 1912, Kate Furbish; roadside clearing, Baldwin, Fernald, Long & Norton, no. 13,511; Kittery Point, August 27, 1895, E. F. Williams. NEw HAMPSHIRE: wet roadside, Colebrook, Pease, no. 10,904; shaded street, Jefferson, Pease, no. 16,704; open roadside, Hillsborough, September 11, 1920, C. F. Batchelder; thicket, edge of rich heavy woods, Walpole, August 21, 1916, Batchelder; near dwellings, Jaffrey, Robinson, no. 297. Vermont: Middlebury, August 7, 1883, Brainerd; Weybridge, July 8, 1908, E. F. Williams; roadside spring, Walling- ford, July 23, 1907, Kennedy; Manchester, Day, no. 156. Mas- SACHUSETTS: brackish ground, Newburyport, D. White, no. 421; farm-yard, Concord, September 27, 1896, Williams; near outlet of Spot Pond, Middlesex Fells, August 19, 1920, Kidder; Needham, 196 Rhodora [October August 1, 1886, 7. O. Fuller; North Scituate, August 15, 1901, Ken- nedy; thickets along roadside, Barnstable, Fernald & Long, no. 16,724; open grassy roadsides, West Chesterfield, Robinson, no. 493; low ground, Monterey, July 7, 1920, Hoffmann; alluvium, Lanes- boro, July 20, 1915, Churchill. Ruopr Istanp: Rumford, September 6, 1903, Williams; Wickford, June 17, 1908, Kennedy. Connecticut: sandy bank, Thompson, June 10, 1922, Bill & Grigg; roadside, Southington, Bissell, no. 533; dry thicket, North Guilford, August 19, 1906, G. H. Bartlett; roadside waste, Newton, September 26, 1901, Eames. NEW York: western New York, Sartwell. PENNSYLVANIA: shore of Delaware River, Morrisville, Bartram, no. 1298. KENTUCKY: Lexington, Short. OnrTarto: woods, Hay Island, Gananoque, July 20, 1908, Kennedy; Plevna, August 5, 1902, Fowler; Belleville, Macoun, no. 1584. MiciGAN: under scattered hardwood, Turin, Marquette Co., July 30, 1901, Barlow; Grand Rapids, September 29, 1860, Wm. Boott. ILLiNois: Mahomet, Gleason, no. 75; Bloomington, August, 1886, Robinson. Mixnesora: Lake Kilpatrick, Cass Co., July, 1893, Ballard. NEBRASKA: Keyapaha Co., Clements, no. 2910; woods near Plummer Ford, Dismal River, Rydberg, no. 1520. Norru DakoTa: prairies, Leeds, July 31, 1896, Lunell; black al- luvial loam, near Fargo, August 23, 1901, Waldron & Manns. KAn- sas: bank of Joy Creek, Osborne Co., Shear, no. 201. U. viripis Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxxix. 305 (1912).—Stouter than U. gracilis, 2-8 dm. high: stem glabrous, or pilose above: primary leaves lanceolate to narrowly ovate, firm, rounded at base, short- petioled, glabrous on both surfaces or pilose-hirsute beneath, coarsely serrate; those subtending the lowest inflorescences 3.5-10 (av. 7) cm. long, with 11-25 (av. 17) pairs of coarse teeth and with petioles 0.7-2.5 (av. 1.3) em. long and }-} as long as the blade: stipules lanceolate, with glabrous scarious margins, from one-half as long to longer than the petioles: inflorescences dense and thick; the staminate commonly 3-6 mm. thick.—Straits of Belle Isle, Labrador southward along the coast to Lincoln Co., Maine; Alberta to South Dakota and New Mexico. The following are characteristic. LABRADOR: springy banks and damp hillsides, Forteau, Fernald & H iegand, no. 3279; sand-bank bordering beach, Forteau, Long, no. 28,101; abundant by streams on the calcareous sandstone terraces, Blanc Sablon, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3280. NEWFOUNDLAND: turfy barrens and slopes, Sacred Island, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,100; rich thickets on lower slope of Ha-Ha Mountain, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,097; limestone shingle and gravel along shore, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,604; damp thickets, Bear Cove, Wiegand & Pease, no. 28,098; turfy limestone shore, St. Barbe, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,605; sandy shore back of Cow Head, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3278; woods, Lark Harbor, Waghorne, no. 29; door-yard, near Frenchman’s Cove, Mackenzie & Griscom, no. 10,247. QUEBEC: rocky shore, Piashtibaie, 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundiand 197 St. John, no. 90,396; sur le rivage calcaire, Ile Herbée, Mingan, Victorin & Rolland, no. 18,570; autour des habitations, Pointe-aux- Esquimaux, Victorin & Rolland, no. 18,497; abondant sur les rivages, Ilets de la Baie à Jean, Victorin & Rolland, no. 18,408; Baie Sainte- Claire, Anticosti, Victorin, no. 4197; sur les rivages calcaires, Baie du Renard, Anticosti, Victorin, Rolland & Louis, no. 22,053. MAGDA- LEN ISLANDS: Ile du Hávre-au-Ber, Victorin & Rolland, no. 9627. New Brunswick: clearings, Bathurst, Blake, no. 5434. MAINE: Machias Seal Island, July 27, 1902, Mrs. A. H. Norton; waste ground, Seal Harbor, August 30, 1889, Redfield; beach, Great Cranberry Isle, August 20, 1888, Rand; south and east shores of Little Cranberry Isle, August 6, 1889, Redfield; sandy ridge back of beach, Flye's Island, Brooklin, Hill, no. 586; barrier beach, Atlantic, Swans Island, Hill, no. 1552; old cellar-hole, Outer Heron Island, Boothbay, Fassett, no. 804. NomrH Dakota: damp canyons, Deadwood, Carr, no. 143. ALBERTA: Rocky Mountains, 1858, Bourgeau (cited by Rydberg); Red Deer River, Macoun, nos. 200, 1584; thickets, Red Deer Valley, vicinity of Rosedale, Moodie, no. 1094; Montana: Emigrant Gulch, Rydberg & Bessey, no. 3935 (TYPE no.). WYoMIxG: along the creek, creek bottoms, Halleck Cafion, A. Nelson, no. 7444 (cited by Rydberg); Merican Mines, A. Nelson, no. 590. CoroRapo: Gunnison, Baker, no. 601; low wet bottoms, Mancos, Baker, Earle & Tracy, no. 40. New Mexico: Parry, 1867, no. 196. Urtica viridis is the North American counterpart of the Asiatic U. angustifolia Fisch. In its short-petioled narrow leaves with coarse teeth and often quite glabrous surfaces it exactly matches sheets of the latter from Siberia, Mandchuria and Afghanistan, but all the Asiatic specimens agree with the descriptions in being strictly dioeci- ous, like the Old World U. dioica, while U. viridis is nearly always definitely monoecious. It is probable that some references to U. angustifolia in America belong to U. viridis. As stated in the introductory paragraph Watson’s species, Urtica Lyallii and U. Breweri have both been misinterpreted. - U. Lyallii Wats. Proc. Am. Acad. x. 348 (1875) was primarily “A very large leaved species collected by Dr. Lyall in the Cascade Mts. in lat. 49?" but “more densely hispid" specimens were also cited from Marin Co., California, collected by Bolander and Kellogg (*H. N. BOLANDER, KELLOCK, M. D. & CO." on the label) and a slender plant collected by Lyall on Vancouver Island was cited as “probably the same." The first-cited plant, which was col- lected by Lyall and which formed the chief basis of the species must be taken as type. This and the Lyall material from Vancouver Island are fortunately conspecific and represent the glabrous or but slightly 198 Rhodora [October pubescent species of Alaska, British Columbia, Washington and Oregon, with slender petioles, ovate, often cordate thin leaves and firm brownish, often finally castaneous stipules. The plant from Marin County is a specimen of the much coarser and more southern U. Breweri Wats. (? U. californica Greene). U. Breweri Wats. l. c. (1875) was based primarily on Brewer’s no. 95 from Los Angeles, but specimens collected by Bigelow in western Texas and by Wolf in southern Colorado were also cited. The Brewer plant from Los Angeles, the type of the species, is not at all like the Bigelow and Wolf specimens. The two latter are very characteristic specimens of the annual species, U. gracilenta Greene. In fact, Watson himself, after originally calling these U. Breweri, penciled on the sheet con- taining them: “ Probably distinct species. Lvs. large, thin, coarsely toothed, few-nerved, long-petioled. Stupiles herbaceous, linear-lanceo- late. Calyx villose." Nevertheless, on a sheet of the original material of U. gracilenta sent by Greene he penciled “ = U. Breweri, Watson." The type of U. Breweri (Brewer's no. 95 from Los Angeles) consists of two fragments picked obviously late in the season from a large almost woody stem. There are no primary leaves, only those of secondary shoots, but their characteristic pubescence and their firm brown stipules show them to belong apparently to the very characteristic coarse species of the coast of California farther north, afterward described as U. californica Greene, Pittonia, i. 281 (1889). The Marin County plant included by Watson under U. Lyallii also belongs here (a good match for authentic U. californica). Dr. I. M. Johnston informs me that the uncharacteristic fragments which formed the type of U. Breweri have not been matched by recent collections from Los Angeles and that the Brewer material might have been collected nearer San Francisco and erroneously labeled. The widely distributed plant which generally passes as Urtica Brew- eri is quite distinct and no material of it was included by Watson in his original account. As usually incorrectly interpreted, U. Breweri is identified as a tall cinereous-puberulent plant with the coarsely toothed narrow leaves velvety-puberulent beneath, and with the lanceolate puberulent stipules drab or greenish, occurring from Idaho and Washington southward through California, Arizona and New Mexico into Mexico. The plant is the western represent- ative of U. procera but it seems to be a reasonably distinct species. Its correct name seems to be 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 199 U. serra Blume, Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat. ii. 140 (Nov., 1855). U. dioica, B. angustifolia Schlecht. Linnaea, vii. 141 (1832), not U. angustifolia Fisch. (1819). U. aquatica Liebm. K. Dansk. Vidensk. Selsk. Skrift. ser. 5, ii. 291 (1851), not Moon (1824). U. mexicana Blume, l. c. (1855), not Liebm. (1851). U. dioica, var. occidentalis Watson, Bot. U. S. Geol. Expl. Fortieth Par. 321 (1871). Blume's species, U. serra and U. mexicana, and the other species (including Lythraceae) published at the same time are usually cited as dating from 1852. The latter date appeared on No. 1 of vol. ii. of the Museum Botanicum, but in Bot. Zeit. xiv. 186 (1856) Miquel showed that Nos. 1-8 of vol. ii. were not put on sale until 1856; and he later indicated (p. 540) that the four numbers, 9-12, were published respectively in November and December, 1855, and January and February, 1856. COMANDRA RICHARDSIANA Fernald. Dominant on turfy or peaty knolls in the limestone barrens from Pistolet Bay to St. John Bay. See p. 91. Previously known in Newfoundland only from Mackenzie & Griscom's collection from the Bay of Islands. OxYRIA DIGYNA (L.) Hill. Wet quartzite rocks and gravel along brook, Southwest Gulch, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,115, the first station in Newfound- land since La Pylaie’s discovery of it on Grois Island. See p. 124. RUMEX OCCIDENTALIS Wats. The only indigenous dock of north- western Newfoundland, frequent in swales or on peaty or turfy shores from Pistolet Bay to St. John Bay. See pp. 54, 118. SALICORNIA EUROPAEA L., var. PROSTRATA (Pall. Fern. Damp depressions in sand and gravel back of barrier beach, Argentia, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,644; the first in Newfoundland except from Bay St. George and Port-à-Port Bay. See p. 86. SUAEDA Hicun Fernald. Damp depressions in sand and gravel back of barrier beach, Argentia, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,645, the first fruiting material from Newfoundland. Records of young plants from Bay St. George and Notre Dame Bay probably belong here. See p. 86. ARENARIA DAWSONENSIS Britton (A. litorea Fernald). Depres- sions of limestone barrens along the Straits, widely distributed but rather local; previously unknown from north of Bay of Islands and Notre Dame Bay. See p. 62. A. CYLINDROCARPA Fernald. Widely distributed in clay and gravel of the limestone barrens from Pistolet Bay to Port-à-Port Bay. See p. 79. STELLARIA FLORIDA Fischer. Springy swale and turfy upper border of strand, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, nos. 28,196, 28,197; a Kamtchatkan species collected for the first time in America in 1923 on Tabletop Mts., Gaspé. See p. 123. 200 Rhodora [October CERASTIUM ALPINUM L. The typical form of the species was seen only once: mossy brooksides and damp turfy slopes, Sacred Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,208, probably new to Newfoundland. C. ALPINUM, Var. GLANDULIFERUM Koch. Dry limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,204, new to Newfoundland. C. ALPINUM, var. LANATUM (Lam.) Hegetschw. Common on turfy or gravelly slopes or on cliffs from Quirpon westward to Four- Mile Cove. See pp. 54, 98. C. ReGen Ostenf. Limestone ledges on the west side of Schooner (Brandy) Island, Pistolet Bay, Pease & Long, no. 28,212. See p. 106. An arctic Eurasian species heretofore known in America only from Cape Nome, Alaska (Blaisdell), the material of the latter col- lection identified by Dr. Ostenfeld. C. CERASTIOWES (L.) Britton. Wet mossy rocks and gravel along brook, Southwest Gulch, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,231, the only known station, except Tabletop Mts., Gaspé, south of northern Labrador. See p. 124. Only a single over-ripe specimen was noticed, snatched at the last moment after the order to quit had been given. It was on gravel at the forks of the Gulch and had presumably washed down from higher up. C. viscosum L. Turfy roadside, Burgeo, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,678, an obvious adventive, new to Newfoundland. RANUNCULUS HYPERBOREUS Rottb. Brooksides and springy cal- careous meadows, Savage Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,686, Fernald & Griscom, no. 28,251; dried-out shallow pools in limestone barrens, Sandy (Poverty) Cove, Fernald, Long & Gilbert, no. 28,252; swaley margin of pool in limestone barrens, Capstan Point, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,685; shallow water of old beaver pond near the Yellow Marsh, back of Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,253. See pp. 61, 127. New to Newfoundland, the old records having been based on either R. Cymbalaria Pursh or R. hederaceus L. R. PEDATIFIDUS J. E. Sm., var. LEIOCARPUS (Trautv.) Fern. (R. affinis R. Br.). Turfy or gravelly shelves, crests and talus of diorite cliffs, Ha-Ha Mountain, Pease & Griscom, no. 28,258, Fernald & Long, no. 28,259; mossy and turfy trap cliffs and talus, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,260; the first stations south of the Torngat region of Labrador. See pp. 104, 123, also pl. 153, fig. 3. R. PENSYLVANICUS L. f. Boggy meadows and clearings, back of Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, very scarce, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotch- kiss, no. 28,266, the first authentic station except from the lower Exploits. R. Macounu Britton. Brookside in bushy swale on flat north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, no. 28,267, the first from north of Hawke Harbour. See p. 127. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 201 ANEMONE MULTIFIDA Poir. var. HUDSONIANA DC. Dry limestone cliffs and talus, western face of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,278, our only station except on the lower Exploits and Notre Dame Bay. See p. 126. BARBAREA ORTHOCERAS Ledeb. Peaty borders of spruce thickets, Savage Cove, Fernald & Griscom, no. 28,317; brooksides and slaty hills, Little Quirpon, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,318, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 28,319, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 28,320; our first stations outside the Exploits Valley. See p. 121. CARDAMINE PRATENSIS L., var. ANGUSTIFOLIA Hook. Dominant in peat and damp turf on the limestone barrens from Pistolet Bay westward to Deadman Cove, the first area known south of northern Labrador. See p. 91. LESQUERELLA ARCTICA (Wormskj.) Wats. Dry gravelly limestone barrens, Burnt Cape to Big Brook; St. John’s Island; previously known from Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay and Cape St. George. See pp. 100, 103, 118. L. arctica, var. Purshii Wats., seems to have no characters of value. . DraBa NIVALIS Lilj. Gravelly shelves, crests and talus of Ha-Ha Mountain, Pease & Griscom, no. 28,342; crevices of trap cliffs, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,347; open peaty and gravelly spots on crests of trap cliffs, Cape Onion, Fernald & Long, no. 28,346; dry slaty crests of hills, Little Quirpon, Fernald & Long, no. 28,343; rocky crests of Cape Dégrat, Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,344; new to Newfoundland. See pp. 104, 121, 123. DRABA INCANA L. Typical D. incana with glabrous fruit is rare on the Straits: gravelly limestone shore, Cape Norman, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 28,348. D. INCANA, var. CONFUSA (Ehrh.) Poir. Abundant on peaty and turfy calcareous slopes and shores from Pistolet Bay to Cow Head. See pp. 60, 90. D. MEGASPERMA Fern. & Knowlt. Peaty and gravelly limestone shores from Quirpon to Brig Bay. See pp. 53, 90. D. ARABISANS Michx. Limestone cliffs and talus, western es- carpments of Bard Harbor Hill and Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John; only stations north of Bay of Islands. See p. 117. D. PYCNOSPERMA Fern. & Knowlt. Dry limestone cliffs and talus, western face of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,369; heretofore known only from the type region, Percé, Gaspé Co., Quebec. See. p. 125. D. HIRTA L. Dominant on calcareous areas, northwestern New- foundland. See p. 90. D. rupestris R. Br. Dominant on calcareous areas, northwestern Newfoundland. See pp. 60, 90. 202 Rhodora [October ARABIS DRUMMONDI Gray. Meadow below limestone escarpment, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Fernald & Long, no. 28,422; only known Newfoundland station except along lower Exploits. See p. 124. A. DRUMMONDI, var. CONNEXA (Greene) Fernald. Mossy and turfy trap cliffs and talus, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,421; dryish limestone talus, western face of Doctor Hill, Fernald & Long, no. 28,420; new to Newfoundland. See p. 123. Braya Longii, n. sp., planta perennis humilis plerumque multiceps; radice crassa longe descendenti; caulibus adscendentibus saepe pur- purascentibus 1-10 em. longis rare fructiferis usque ad 15 cm. longis nudis vel sub racemo monophyllis, pilis simplicibus bifurcatisque inaequilongis griseis sparse obsitis; foliis rosulatis carnulosis lineari- oblanceolatis obtusis 1—4 em. longis 1-3 mm. latis integris glabris vel basi dilatato apiceque sparse ciliatis; racemo sub anthesi dense corymboso, fructifero plus minusve elongato 1-7 cm. longo 3-20- floro, fructibus contiguis vel infimis 1-2 distantibus; pedicellis crassis 1-4.5 mm. longis fructiferis arcte adscendentibus; sepalis deciduis pler- umque viridibus rare purpurascentibus glabris 2-3 mm. longis oblongis vel ellipticis apice rotundatis margine hyalinis; petalis 4-5.5 mm. longis late obovatis albis tandem basin versus violaceis; staminibus 2-3 mm. longis; antheris 0.4-0.6 mm. longis; pistillo lanceolato glabro, ovario ovulis 10-16, stylo crasso cylindrico, stigmate depresso stylo latiore bilobato; siliquis lanceolato-subulatis 4-9 mm. longis 1-2 mm. latis stylo crasso 0.4—0.8 mm. longo coronatis, valvis glabris, septo albo uninervo vel enervo; seminibus oblongo-ovatis brunneis 1.2-1.5 mm. longis 0.5-0.8 mm. latis.—Shores of the Straits of Belle Isle, northwestern NEWFOUNDLAND: turfy or peaty pockets in lime- stone ledges, Sandy (or Poverty) Cove, August 1, 1924, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,723 (distributed as B. purpurascens); among loose rocks, limestone barrens, Sandy Cove, July 12, 1925, Fernald & Griscom, no. 28,423; gravelly and peaty limestone barrens, Sandy Cove, July 25, 1925, Fernald, Long & Gilbert, no. 28,424 (TYPE, in Gray Herb.); dry gravelly limestone barren, Savage Point, July 13, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,425; dry gravelly and turfy limestone barrens, Savage Point, August 29, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,426; crevices of limestone barrens, Yankee Point, August 16, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,427. A beautiful species, originally detected by my companion on many hard trips, Bayard Long, to whose keenness in the field we owe many of the most interesting discoveries of the recent Newfoundland trips. B. Longit superficially resembles B. purpurascens (R. Br.) Bunge of the Arctic, with which the first collection was placed. It differs, however, in its narrower basal leaves; sparser but more often forking 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 203 pubescence of the stems; longer and broader petals; glabrous (not pilose) ovary and silique, the latter lance-subulate rather than ellipsoid or oblong-ovoid; and fewer (in B. purpurascens 16-20) and slightly larger seeds. In having seeds fewer than in B. purpurascens, B. Longii comes closer to B. rosea (Turez.) Bunge of Siberia; but that species, of which three authentic collections are before me, has broader leaves; the stems very densely pilose with long hairs; the purple sepals 1.8-2.2 mm. long and densely pilose on the back; the narrowly obovate or spatulate-oblanceolate petals becoming wholly roseate and only 2.5-3.5 mm. long; the mature fruiting raceme but slightly elongated; the mature pedicels slender and elongating some- times to 8 mm.; and the capsule oblong-ellipsoid and at most 6 mm. long. See pp. 77, 94. Bnava americana (Hook.) n. comb. B. alpina, B. americana Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. i. 65 (1830). Planta perennis plerumque multicaulis; caulibus adscendentibus 1-10 em. longis teretibus simplicibus pur- purascentibus, pilis furcatis brevibus inaequalilongis griseis obsitis; foliis rosulatis carnulosis lineari-oblanceolatis 0.6-3 em. longis 0.5-2 mm. latis integris glabris vel basi apiceque plus minusve ciliatis; racemo sub anthesi capitato-corymboso, fructifero 0.7-7 cm. longo densiuscule 3-20-floro, floribus infimis 1-3 distantibus plerumque in axillis foliorum superiorum; pedicellis 1-4 mm. longis arcte adscenti- bus; sepalis subpersistentibus plerumque purpurascentibus 1.5-2.5 mm. longis oblongis apice rotundatis margine hyalinis: petalis 1.54 mm. longis spathulato-oblanceolatis vel anguste obovatis albidis deinde roseis apice rotundatis; staminibus 1.5-3.5 mm. longis, antheris 0.3-0.5 mm. longis; pistillo lanceolato, ovario ovulis 10-16 pilis plerumque bifurcatis hirto, stylo gracili ovario valde angustiori, stigmate depresso-capitato stylo valde latiori manifeste bilobato; siliquis lanceolato-subulatis 4-7 mm. longis 1.3-2 mm. latis stylo gracili 0.5-1 mm. longo coronatis, valvis hirtellis, septo manifeste uninervo; seminibus anguste ovoideis 1-1.4 mm. longis 0.5-0.7 mm. latis brunneis.—Alberta and Newfoundland. The following have been examined. ALBERTA: Cataract Pass below Summit, August 4, 1908, S. Brown, no. 1457 (as B. purpurascens). NEWFOUNDLAND: open soil on limestone barrens near Ice Point, St. Barbe Bay, July 14, 1925, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,429; gravelly limestone barrens one mile back of Savage Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 14, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,428, July 23, Fernald, Pease & Long, no. 28,438; gravelly limestone barren, Four-mile Cove, Straits of Belle Isle, July 20, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,437; moist gravel of limestone barrens on the Highlands northeast of Big Brook, Straits of Belle Isle, July 15, 1925, Pease & Griscom, no. 28,430; gravelly and peaty limestone barrens back of Big Brook, July 15, 204 Rhodora [October 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,431; swale near mouth of brook, Watts Bight, Straits of Belle Isle, July 19, 1925, Pease, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,436; sandy and clayey spots in limestone gravel- barrens, Boat Harbor, Straits of Belle Isle, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,435; dry rocky and gravelly limestone barrens and boggy depressions in limestone barrens, Cape Norman, July 18, 1925, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, nos. 28,433, 28,434, August 13, 1925, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,440; dry limestone barrens, Burnt Cape, Pistolet Bay, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,432, August 5, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,439. Although I have not seen the Drummond material upon which Hooker founded Braya alpina, B. americana, there is scarcely any ques- tion that the plant of northern Newfoundland with small pinkish flowers and hirtellous siliques is identical with the Drummond plant. After detailed study I placed the Newfoundland material close to B. alpina Sternb. & Hoppe of the European alps. From that species it differs in its narrower leaves, mostly shorter pedicels and sepals, much narrower petals with rounded rather than emarginate apex, slender and columnar rather than tumid style, broader and sharply defined stigma, and shorter lance-subulate rather than linear-cylindric siliques. The only material at hand from the region whence Drum- mond collected the type of B. alpina, B. americana is Stewardson Brown, no. 1457. That material is so close to the Newfoundland plant that at least until one knows more about it, it would be quite unwise to attempt to separate them. Brown’s material is in anthesis, Drummond's was in fruit; but the one point emphasized by Hooker, "stylo longiusculo gracili" is clearly shown in it. O. E. Schulz! places B. alpina, 8. americana with doubt under the Siberian B. siliquosa Bunge; but, as he clearly states, Bunge's species has linear siliques up to 1.5 em. long. These are well shown by Trautvetter,? who also illustrates the leaves as broadly oblanceolate and definitely toothed. The American plant with its more slender and strictly entire leaves and its very short siliques is certainly not B. siliquosa. See pp. 96, 97, 98, 106. ? Braya RicHarpsonit (Rydb.) Fern. Sandy and clayey spots in limestone gravel-barrens, Boat Harbor, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,441, very scarce, only two sterile plants found, but apparently the Canadian Rocky Mt. species. See p. 107. 10. E. Schulz in Engler, Pflanzenr. iv. 231 (1924). 2 Trautv. Imag. Descr. Fl. Ross. 34, t. 23 (1844). (To be continued.) 1926] Dodge,—Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula 205 LICHENS OF THE GASPE PENINSULA, QUEBEC. CARROLL W. DoDGE. (Continued from p. 161.) BAEOMYCES ROSEUS Pers. Gaspé coast, Macoun 165; *Cap Rosier, Macoun. CLADONIA RANGIFERINA (L.) Web. emend. Vainio. Lac Perré, Dodge 2709, Tabletop Range; Mt. Albert, Dodge 2880, Collins 4177 k: C. svyLvaTiCA (L.) Hoffm. var. sytvestris Oed. Mt.. Dunraven, Dodge 2306, 'Tabletop range; Gaspé, Macoun 93; Mt. Albert Collins 4177 l. C. impexa Harm. var. LAXIUSCULA Del. Castle Ridge, Collins 4509D, Tabletop range (Moribund); R. Ste. Anne des Monts Collins 4645 n 4645 q. C. ALPESTRIS (L.) Rabenh. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2289, Logan range; Mt. Albert, Dodge 2881, Collins 4123a, 4177m; Gaspé, Macoun 171. C. BACILLARIS Nyl. var. ELEGANTIOR Vainio. base of Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2831, Logan range. C. MACILENTA Hoffm. var. STYRACELLA (Ach.) Vainio. Matane, Dodge 2140. | ? C. DIGITATA (Hagen) Schaer. between Mt. Pembroke and Mt. Couvert de Chaudron, Dodge 2622, Logan range. C. coccrrERA (L.) Willd. C. cornucopioides (L.) Fr. var. PLEUROTA (Floerke) Schaer. top of Mt. Albert, Dodge 2288, Collins 4177d; cliffs above Lac Pleureuse, Dodge 2156. Var. STEMMATINA Ach. base of Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaoiusse, Dodge 2832, Logan range; Collins 4400; Granite Block Pond, Collins 4427F, Tabletop range (under C. deformis Hoffm., Riddle Herb.). Var. coRoNATA Del. gorge of northeast branch of the R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2172, 'Tabletop range. ? C. CORALLIFERA (Kunze) Nyl. var. TRANSCENDENS Vainio. base of Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2867, Logan range, (known only from the type collection of Lyall on the Oregon Boundary Commission, no authentic material seen but a specimen in the Farlow Herb. collected by Lyall, agrees well with the description). C. nkronuis Hoffm. Fernald Pass, Dodge 2174, between Mt. Couvert de Chaudron and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2621, Logan range; Mt. Ablert, Collins 4177e; Lac Perré, Dodge 2169, Tabletop range. F. 206 Rhodora [October GONECHUS (Ach.) Nyl. C. sulphurina (Michx.) Fr. between Mt. Pembroke and Mt. Couvert de Chaudron, Dodge 2623, Big Chimney Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2868, Logan range. Var. ELEPHANTIASICA Del. in Dub. Island in Lac Perré, Dodge 2304, Tabletop range. C. CRISTATELLA Tuck. Gaspé coast, Macoun 119 (nearly sterile). Var. vEsTITA Tuck. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2287. Var. BEauvoisit (Del.) Vainio. Big Chimney, Mt. Mat- taouisse, Dodge 2648, 2830, Logan range. Var. RAMOSA Tuck. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2771, Logan range. C. uNcraALIS (L.) Web. m. pICRAEA Ach. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaou- isse, Dodge 2833, Logan range. Mod. INTEGERRIMA Vainio. Mt. Al- bert, Collins 4177. C. RANGIFORMIS Hoffm. var. PUNGENS (Ach.) Vainio. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2834, Logan range; Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2710, Lac Perré, Dodge 2170, Tabletop range. à * C. DELICATA (Ehrh.) Floerke. Fink list. C. suBsquamosa Nyl. var. PULVERULENTA Nyl. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2835, Logan range. Var. LUXURIANS Nyl. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2836, Logan range. C. ruRCATA (Huds.) Schrad. var. sCABRIUSCULA (Del.) Coem. Mt. Albert, Collins 4177n; Baker's woods, Gaspé, Macoun 170. C. cRISPATA (Ach.) Flot. var. SCHISTOPODA Vainio. (C. symphycarpa of Macoun's list) Gaspé county, Macoun 81. Var. SUBCRISPATA (Nyl.) Vainio. C. Novae- Angliae Merrill not Cenomyce Novangliae Del. Percé, Macoun, 148. Var. VIRGATA (Ach.) Vainio. Mt. Al- bert, Collins 41779. C. squamosa (Scop.) Hoffm. var. MURICELLA (Del.) Vainio. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2773, Logan range; Gaspé coast, Macoun. | C. cENOTEA (Ach.) Schaer. var. cRossorA (Ach.) Nyl. between Mt. Pembroke and Couvert de Chaudron, Dodge 2628, Logan range. C. TuRGIDA (Ehrh.) Hoffm. Gaspé coast, Macoun; Baker’s woods, Gaspé, Macoun 151. Var. srRICTA Nyl. Gaspé, Macoun 218. Var. SCYPHIFERA Vainio. Gaspé, Macoun 152; Mt. Albert, Collins 4177c; Tabletop range, Collins 4428f. * C. caRIOSA (Ach.) Spreng. Cap Rosier, Fox River, Macoun. C. gracmuis (L.) Willd. var. DILATATA (Hoffm.) Vainio. Matane, Dodge 2134. Mod. ANTHOCEPHALA Floerke. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2145. Var. ELONGATA (Jacq.) Floerke. Lac Perré, Dodge 2157, Mt. Dun- 1926] Dodge, —Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula 207 raven, Dodge 2158, Tabletop range; between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2173. Var. DILACERATA Floerke. Matane, Dodge 2137; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Collins 4645s. Var. CHORDALIS (Floerke) Schaer. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2770, between Mt. Pembroke and Mt. Logan, Dodge 2627, 2713, Logan range; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2680; Lac Perré, Dodge 2686, 2687, 2688, Granite Block Pond, Collins 4427B, gorge of northeast branch of the R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2168, Tabletop range. Mod. aspERA Floerke. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2855; Big Chim- ney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2837, Logan range. Mod. LEUCOCHLORA Floerke. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2838, Logan range; Gaspé, Macoun. ? C. CERASOPHORA Vainio (an C. gracilis (L.) Willd. var. elongata (Jaeq.) Floerke) between Mt. Mattaouisse and Mt. Collins, Dodge 2869, Logan range. C. CORNUTA (L.) Schaer. forma PHYLLOTOCA Floerke. Baker's woods, Gaspé, Macoun 150. C. PYXIDATA (L.) Hoffm. ampl. Fr. var. NEGLECTA (Floerke) Schaer. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2774, Logan range. Forma MACROPHYLLA (Müll.-Arg.) Vainio. Lac Perré, Dodge 2798, 'Table- top range. Forma PROLIFERA Arn. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2839, Logan range. Var. CHLOROPHAEA (Spreng.) Floerke. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2861. Mod. cosrATA Floerke. Gaspé, Macoun 140. Forma PROLIFERA (Wallr.) Arn. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2679. C. FIMBRIATA (L.) Fr. var. SIMPLEX (L.) Fr. mod. masor (Hagen) Vainio. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2769, Logan range; Capucins, Collins 4688b. Mod. minor (Hagen) Vainio. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2840, Logan range. *Var. CONIOCRAEA (Floerke) Vainio. Fink list. *Var. RADIATA (Schreb.) Coem. Little Fox River, Macoun. C. PITYREA (Floerke) Fr. var. ZwaAckrr Vainio. mod. CLADOMORPHA Floerke. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2775, Logan range. * C. DEGENERANS (Floerke) Spreng. Mt. Albert, Macoun. C. vERTICILLATA (Hoffm.) Schaer. forma APOTICTA (Ach.) Vainio. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2286. (To be continued.) 208 Rhodora [October CONCERNING SOLIDAGO HUMILIS.—In Ruopora (17: 6), the name Solidago humilis Pursh was taken up by Prof. M. L. Fernald in place of Solidago uliginosa Nutt. on the grounds of priority. In this article the statement is further made that “those authors who had set aside the name S. humilis Pursh (1814) on account of a supposed earlier “S. humilis" of Miller (1768) could not have verified their references, for Miller had published not “S. humilis," but S. humilius, a name in the comparative degree (neuter) and certainly not the same name as S. humilis." As Solidago is a feminine noun, it seemed to me hardly conceiv- able that Miller intended to use the adjective “ humilius" with it. Investigation disclosed that the name was printed “ humilius" merely by typographical error. He corrected the spelling to “humilis” in his list of corrections at the end of his work, and he used the name as Solidago humilis in the sixth edition of his Gardener's dictionary abridged published three years later. The Index Kewensis quite correctly gives Miller's name as Solidago humilis. Miller's description of Solidago humilis leads me to believe that he was describing the plant which was later described by Aiton as Solidago nemoralis. Miller's name is an appropriate one for this plant and Aiton's is a very inappropriate one. Pending further investigation, I am not making this change as yet.—KENNETH K. MackENzIE, Maplewood, New Jersey. PARTHENIUM AURICULATUM IN BURKE County, NORTH CAROLINA. —]n June, 1926, the writer found a colony of Parthenium auriculatum Britton on a wooded hillside about five miles southeast of Morganton, N. €. Morganton (altitude about 1100 feet) is located in western North Carolina among mountains which are a continuation of similar ranges in southwestern Virginia. This is a noteworthy extension of range, the species previously having been known only from the mountains of Virginia. A specimen has been deposited in the United States National Herbarium.—O M. FREEMAN, Bureau of Plant Industry, Washington, D. C. Vol. 28, no. 338, including pages 157 to 180, was issued 20 September, 1926. Dodora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Conducted and published for the Club, by BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Editor-in-Chief MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD HOLLIS WEBSTER Associate Editors CARROLL WILLIAM DODGE WILLIAM PENN RICH, Publication Committee Vol. 28. November, 1926. No. 335. CONTENTS: Sericocarpus bifoliatus an invalid Name. S. F. Blake......... 209 Botanizing in Newfoundland (continued). M. L. Fernald ...... 210 Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula (continued). C. W. Dodge.... 225 Two Additions to the Flora of Massachusetts. C. H. Knowlton 232 Boston, Mass. | Brobidence, R. J. 300 Massachusetts Ave. Preston and Rounds Co. RHODORA.—A monthly journal of botany, devoted primarily to the flora of New England. Price, $2.00 per year, postpaid (domestic and foreign) ; single copies (if available) 20 cents. Volumes 1-8 or single numbers from them can be sup- plied at somewhat advanced prices which will be furnished on application Notes and short scientific papers, relating directly or indirectly to the plants of the northeastern states, will be gladly received and published to the extent that the limited space of the journal permits. Forms will be closed five weeks in advance of publication. Authors (of more than one page of print) will re- ceive 25 copies of the issue in which their contributions appear. Extracted re- prints, if ordered in advance, will be furnished at cost. Address manuscripts and proofs to B. L. ROBINSON, 3 Clement Circle, Cambridge, Mass. Subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to W. P. RICH, 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. Entered at Boston, Mass., Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. BOTANICAL BOOKS, New and Second Hand, PRESTON & ROUNDS Co., Providence, R. I. CARD-INDEX OF NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS, 1885 TO DATE. For American taxonomists and all students of American plants the most important supplement to the Index Kewensis, this catalogue in several ways exceeds the latter work in detail, since it lists not only the flowering plants, but pteridophytes and cellular crypto- gams, and includes not merely genera and species, but likewise sub- species, varieties and forms. A work of reference invaluable for larger herbaria, leading libraries, academies of sciences, and other centers of botanical activity. Issued quarterly, at $22.50 per 1000 cards. GRAY HERBARIUM of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. CHECK LIST OF GRAY'S MANUAL, 7th EDITION, compiled by M. A. Day. Leatherette. Pocket size. Invaluable for collector's memoranda and herbarium records. Published and sold by the Gray HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. Price postpaid 20 cts. each. Ten copies $1.50. MEMOIRS OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM. A series of illustrated quarto papers issued at irregular intervals, sold separately. Vol. II. Persistence of Plants in unglaciated Areas of Boreal America, by M. L. Fernald, 102 pages. Aug. 1925. $2.00. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Advertisements of Nurserymen and Dealers in Botanical and other Scien- tific Publications are inserted in these pages at the following rates per space of 4 in. by 3-4 in. 1 year $4.00, 6 months $2.50. TRbooora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Vol. 28. November, 1926. No. 335. SERICOCARPUS BIFOLIATUS AN INVALID NAME. S. F. BLAKE. For more than thirty years the name Sericocarpus bifoliatus (Walt.) Porter has been in widespread use for the white-topped aster known to earlier botanists as Sericocarpus tortifolius (Michx.) Nees. Examin- ation of Walter’s Flora Caroliniana makes it clear that continued use of Walter’s name is unjustifiable. Walter has three species of Conyza, C. linifolia, C. asteroides, and * C. bifoliata?". The names of all three, as well as the descriptions of the first two, are taken directly from the second edition of Linnaeus’ Species Plantarum. Walter’s descrip- tion! of C. bifoliata, although clearly based on that of Linnaeus,’ differs from the latter sufficiently to explain his use of the interroga- tion point in connection with the name. Presumably the fact that his plant had entire leaves, while those of Linnaeus' Indian plant were dentate, seemed to Walter of much more importance as an indication of possible specific distinctness than the difference in habitat? In any case, it is clear that Walter had no intention of proposing a new species but was merely doubtfully identifying a Carolina plant with Conyza bifoliata L., and it 1s equally clear that Walter's use of the Linnaean name cannot be taken as the basis for the designation of this species in the genus Sericocarpus. We must consequently adopt once more the name Sericocarpus tortifolius borne by the plant for 1''bifoliata? 3. foliis ovalibus integris mollibus sessilibus tortuosis, pedunculis diphyllis trifloris bracteis oppositis." Fl. Carol. 204. 1788. 2“ Conyza foliis ovalibus dentatis, pedunculis diphyllis: bracteis oppositis." Sp. Pl. ed. 2, 2: 1207. 1763. 3 Linnaeus’ next species, Conyza tortuosa, is given the range: '' Habitat in Magda- gascar, Vera Cruce." If Linnaeus could treat plants from Madagascar and Vera Cruz as identical, Walter may be pardoned for considering his third Carolina Conyza possibly identical with an Indian species. 210 Rhodora [NOVEMBER over half a century preceding the proposal of Sericocarpus bifoliatus. The synonymy of the species and of its doubtfully distinguishable variety with toothed leaves will then stand as follows: SERICOCARPUS TORTIFOLIUS (Michx.) Nees, Gen. & Sp. Ast. 151. 1832. Conyza bifoliata? Walt. Fl. Carol. 204. 1788 (erroneous identifica- tion of C. bifoliata L.). Aster tortifolius Michx. Fl. Bor. Amer. 2: 109. 1803. Aster scabrosus Bertol. Nov. Comm. Acad. Bonon. 8: 389. pl. 33. (“ Misc. Bot. 6: 29. pl. 4.") 1846. Sericocarpus bifoliatus (Walt.) Porter, Mem. Torr. Club 6: 322. 1894. SERICOCARPUS TORTIFOLIUS var. COLLINSI (Nutt.) Torr. & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 2: 108. 1841. Aster Collinsii Nutt. Journ. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philad. 7: 82. 1834. Sericocarpus Collinsii Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. II. 7: 302. 1840. Sericocarpus bifoliatus var. Collinsii Blake, Proc. Amer. Acad. 51: 515. 1916. BUREAU or PLANT Inpustry, Washington, D. C. TWO SUMMERS OF BOTANIZING IN NEWFOUNDLAND. M. L. FERNALD. (Continued from p. 204.) TILLAEA AQUATICA L. Sandy and peaty margin of pond back of barrier beach, Argentia, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,737, new to Newfoundland. See p. 86. SAXIFRAGA RIVULARIS L. Wet quartzite rocks and seepy banks along upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,453; wet mossy cliffs, lower Deer Pond Brook, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,455; cool damp pockets in rocky crests, Cape Dégrat, Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,454. See pp. 116, 121. Previously reported only from St. Anthony. S. STELLARIS L., var. comosa Poir. Crests of wet quartzite cliffs along upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,464, new to Newfoundland. See p. 117. Parnassia KorzEBUEI C. & S. Mossy brooksides and damp turfy slopes, Sacred Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,475; mossy and turfy trap cliffs and talus, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,476; limestone cliffs, western face of Doctor 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 211 Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,477; new to Newfoundland. See pp. 122, 123, 125. P. parvirtora DC. Extending northward on the West Coast to St. Barbe Bay. See p. 79. Parnassra multiseta (Ledeb.), n. comb. P. palustris, B. multiseta Ledeb. Fl. Ross. i. 263 (1842). Ledebour's only character for his P. palustris, B. multiseta was the numerous (15-23) setae or filaments to each staminodial scale. Ledebour cited two specimens, one collected by Frisch near Baschu- row on the Argun River, the other collected by Rieder in Kamtchatka. Material of Rieder's collection is in the Gray Herbarium and in its petals as well as in the staminodial scales it is quite like the American plant which passes as P. palustris but unlike true P. palustris of Europe and much of Asia. The contrasts between the two are indicated below. P. PALUSTRIS L. Calyx-lobes subcoriaceous, lanceolate, elliptic or narrowly obovate, obtuse, 4-7 mm. long, 7-13-nerved: petals rounded or emarginate at tip, conspicuously 7-13-nerved, with brown- ish lines: anthers 2.3-3 mm. long: staminodial scale longer than broad, abruptly contracted to a long narrow claw, with 9-15 filaments: capsule with a short slender beak: seeds linear-oblong, dark-brown. P. MULTISETA (Ledeb.) Fern. Calyx-lobes subherbaceous, linear to lance-oblong, subacute, (4-) 6-11 mm. long, 3-7-nerved: petals narrowed to rounded, only rarely emarginate at tip, faintly 5-9- nerved, with paler lines: anthers 1.5-2.3 mm. long: staminodial scale as broad as or broader than long tapering to a short broad base, with 9-23 filaments: capsule beakless: seeds short-oblong to oval, pale-brown. The following specimens of P. multiseta are before me.—LABRADOR: Flint Island, near Port Manvers, August 22, 1908, Owen Bryant; Hopedale, 1920, W. W. Perrett; Esquimaux Island, Hamilton Inlet, Bowdoin College Exped. no. 275. UNGava: Ungava River, Spread- borough, no. 14,280. NEWFOUNDLAND: brooksides on slaty hills back of Little Quirpon, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 28,481; marsh back of strand near Isthmus Cove, Pistolet Bay, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotch- kiss, no. 28,480; sandy, gravelly and turfy upper border of beach, Cook Point, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,482; wet places, Flower Cove, August 2, 1920, M. E. Priest; turfy lime- stone barrens, Capstan Point, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,749; springy swale south of the Hospital, Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,750; turfy limestone shore, St. Barbe, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,751; turfy shore of Derby's Tickle, at mouth of Otter Pond Brook, Brig Bay, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,483. ONTarIo: Maitland, Huron Co., 1869, W. 212 Rhodora [NOVEMBER White; Pic River, Loring; clay soil, Onaman River, Thunder Bay Distr., 1912, Pulling, MicniGAN: Isle Royale, Cooper, no. 122. Manirosa: Churchill, J. M. Macoun, no. 79,233. MINNESOTA: Turtle Lake, August, 1892, Sheldon; Clithwall, July, 1897, Campbell. NomrH Dakota: boggy meadows, Devil's Lake, July 30, 1838, Nicollet; low meadows, Turtle Mountains, July 23, 1902, Lunell. MACKENZIE: Slave River, July 30, 1892, Elizabeth Taylor. Sas- KATCHEWAN: without locality, 1858, Bourgeau; 20 miles west of Yorkton, Herriot, no. 70,747. ArBkRTA: Milk River, John Macoun, no. 10,569; Banff, Canby, no. 85. British Cotumpra: Rocky Mts. lat. 49° N., 1861, Lyall. Yukow: Whitehorse, Eastwood, no. 624; Dawson, 1896, Kusche; Carmacks, Eastwood, no. 570. ALASKA: along river, Skagway, Eastwood, no. 771; Kodiak, Kellogg, no. 226; Attu Island, J. M. Macoun, no. 86; lower Kuskakwim River, August, 1898, F. C. Hinckley; bank of Anvik River, Chapman, no. 22; near Fort Selkirk, Yukon River, Schwatka, no. 99; Fort Yukon, July 13, 1902, H. E. Brooks; Cape Blossom, 1884, McLenegan; Cape Nome, 1900, Blaisdell; St. Michaels, 1865-66, Bannister; Kotzebue Sound, Chamisso; Eschscholtz Bay, Chamisso. KawrCHATKA: without local- ity, Rieder (co-type of P. palustris, 8. multiseta); Bering Island, 1883, Steineger. SIBBALDIA PROCUMBENS L. Wet quartzite rocks and gravel along brook, Southwest Gulch, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,505, new to Newfoundland. See p. 124. POTENTILLA PECTINATA Raf. Dry limestone cliffs, western face of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,517; otherwise known in Newfoundland only at Chimney Cove. See p. 125. P. nivea L. Typical P. nivea with the leaflets griseous-sericeous above: dry rocky and gravelly limestone barrens, Cape Norman, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 28,525; limestone cliffs and ledges on western slope, under summit, Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,526; dry white limestone bluff opposite western escarpment of Bard Harbor Hill, Fernald & Long, no. 28,533. Previously collected on Pointe Riche and on Cape St. George. See p. 117. P. NIVEA, var. MACROPHYLLA Ser. The commoner American variety, with dark-green upper leaf-surfaces. Dominant on caleare- ous cliffs, slopes and barrens from Sacred Bay to St. John Bay. Previously collected on Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay. See p. 125. POTENTILLA usticapensis, n. sp., caudex crassus multiceps caudicu- lis brevibus caespitose congestis stipulis peliis emortuis dense vestitis : caulibus floriferis procumbentibus subscaposis 1-9 em. longis 1-3- floris villoso-lanatis; foliis radicalibus breviter petiolatis 1-2.5 cm. longis uni- vel bijugis; stipulis infimis flavido-brunneis aliquando 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 213 purpurascentibus scariosis glabris breviter adnatis auriculis anguste ovatis; foliolis superioribus duobus inferioribus multo majoribus cuneato-obovatis profunde incisis, segmentis utrinque 2-3 lineari- oblongis obtusis margine revoluto subtus albis densissime villoso- lanatis vel tomentosis supra densissime villoso-lanatis vel glabres- centibus; calycibus villoso-lanatis 0.6-1 cm. latis 5-6 mm. longis, sepalis externis oblongis obtusis brevioribus quam internis anguste ovatis subacutis; petalis rotundato-obovatis apice truncatis vel emarginatis calyce vix longioribus ochroleucis; staminibus 20, fila- mentis vix 1 mm. longis, antheris subrotundatis 0.4 mm. longis; receptaculo breviter piloso; acheniis anguste ovoideis olivaceis 1.3- 1.5 mm. longis numerosis, stylo subterminale 0.5-0.7 mm. longo basi papilloso-incrassato.—NEWFOUNDLAND: in gravel of dry limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Pistolet Bay, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,518 (TYPE in Gray Herb.); dry gravel of limestone barrens, southern half of Burnt Cape, August 5, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,519. Very close to the arctic P. pulchella R. Br. and especially to var. Sommerfeltii (Lehm.) Th. Wolf (P. Sommerfeltii Lehm.). But those plants, which Wolf and the students of the floras of Spitzbergen and of Greenland merge as variants of one species, are characterisized by long straight lustrous sericeous pubescence of leaves, stems and calyx, the pubescence of P. usticapensis being opaque and densely villous-lanate. P. pulchella, furthermore, has the segments of the leaf- lets narrower and more acute than in P. usticapensis; its sepals (both inner and outer) less obtuse; its petals yellow rather than creamy and its style-bases more papillose. On Burnt Cape the new species was associated in the dry limestone gravel with a remarkable series of highly localized species, including Festuca supina Schur, Poa alpina var. brevifolia Gaudin, Carex glacialis Mackenzie, Arenaria cylindrocarpa Fern., Lesquerella arctica (Wormsk.) Wats., Braya americana (Hook.) Fern. and Crepis nana Richardson; while in more turfy or peaty spots were Carex concinna R. Br., Habenaria straminea Fern., Astragalus alpinus L. and A. eucosmus Robinson, Oxy- tropis foliolosa Hook., Arctostaphylos rubra (Rehder & Wilson) Fern., Antennaria eucosma Fernald & Wieg., A. albicans Fern., A. spathulata var. continentis Fern. & St. John, and local species of Arnica and Taraxacum. See p. 103. POTENTILLA NORVEGICA L., var. labradorica (Lehm.), n. comb. P. labradorica Lehm., Ind. Sem. Hort. Bot. Hamb. 1849: 12 (1849). P. monspeliensis, var. labradorica (Lehm.) Fernald, RHODORA, x. 50 (1908). P. norvegica, var. hirsuta, forma labradorica (Lehm.) Wolf, 214 Rhodora [NOVEMBER Mon. Gatt. Pot. 404 (1908).—A fairly marked geographic variety. In Newfoundland known only from turfy shore, Big Brook, Fernald & Long, no. 28,536. P. norvegica and P. monspeliensis were published by Linnaeus on the same page. They were maintained as varieties of P. norvegica by Lehmann in 1856 and it was apparently not until 1898 that they were united (by Rydberg) under the name P. monspeliensis. By the International Rules the name P. norvegica must stand. P. ALPESTRIS Hall. f. Dominant on peaty or turfy calcareous slopes and barrens from Sacred Bay to Ingornachoix Bay; also on Cape St. George (Mackenzie & Griscom). See pp. 91, 98, 118. ALCHEMILLA VULGARIS L., var. VESTITA (Buser) Fernald & Wiegand. Wet quartzite rocks and gravel along brook, Southwest Gulch, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,580, the second station in Newfoundland. See pp. 54, 124. ASTRAGALUS Stragulus, n. sp., depressus, caulibus filiformibus ramosissimis repentibus stragulos 3-4 dm. diametro formantibus; ramulis filiformibus adscendentibus 0.3-1.7 dm. longis glabris vel sparse strigosis; stipulis oblongo-lanceolatis vel ovatis 2-4 mm. longis; foliis petiolatis divergentibus, petiolis rhachibusque compresso filiformibus strigosis 2-6 cm. longis, foliolis 4-9-jugis ellipticis retusis 0.2-1 em. longis 1-5 mm. latis glabris vel subtus strigosis; pedunculis filiformibus axillaribus 0.2-9 cm. longis glabris vel strigosis; floribus lilacinis patentibus 1-10, racemo sub anthesi congesto fructifero plus minusve laxo 1—4 em. longo; bracteis subscariosis lanceolato-attenuatis nigro-strigosis pedicellum brevissimum superantibus; calycibus nigro- strigosis dentibus anguste deltoideis vel lanceolatis subulato-attenuatis brevioribus 1-2 mm. longis, tubo oblique campanulato 2.5-3 mm. longo; corollis 0.8-1.2 em. longis; vexillo rotundato-obovato obcordato 0.8-1 em. longo 7-8 mm. lato; alis cum ungue 4-5 mm. longis, lamina anguste obovata ungue duplo longiore superne 2.5 mm. lata basi auri- culata, auricula oblonga obtusa 1 mm. longa; carinis 9-10 mm. longis lamina unguem aequante subacutis apice 2 mm. latis; ovario hirtello, legumine sessile vesicario oblongo-ovoideo nigro-strigoso 6-8 mm. longo 2.5-4 mm. diametro uniloculari apiculato, apiculo erecto; seminibus 5-8 inequilateralibus olivaceis vel brunneis 1.3-1.8 mm. longis. NEWFOUNDLAND: sandy and turfy upper border of limestone beach, Cook Point, Pistolet Bay, July 18, 1925, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 28,583; August 13, 1925, Fernald, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,584 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). A beautiful species of the subgenus Homalobus, forming dense carpets and very attractive when in flower, the peduncles varying from only a few millimeters to nearly a decimeter in length, and bearing, when well developed, close racemes of lilac flowers. A. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 215 stragulus is closely related to A. yukonis Jones, Revis. N. A. Astrag. 89 (1923), a species of similar habit from the Yukon. Jones’s des- cription is very contradictory, he stating in the key that A. yukonis has “Leaves sessile, very many. Leaflets 6-8 pairs," but in the detailed description *Leaves. . . all rather long-petioled Leaflets 3-5 pairs." Fortunately one of the numbers he cites, Eastwood, no. 626, is before me and this differs in many details from A. stragulus. Its leaflets are fewer, in Miss Eastwood's material ranging from 3-6 pairs, narrower, cinereous and only exceptionally retuse (in A. stragulus 4-9 pairs, retuse, and glabrous above); its peduncles are all elongate, 0.5-1 dm. long (in A. stragulus very variable, 0.2-9 cm. long); the racemes promptly becoming lax and remotely flowered (in 4. stragulus only the lowest flowers becoming slightly remote in age); the flowers smaller and strongly ascending (the larger flowers of À. stragulus widely divergent); the standard only about 5 mm. long and with strongly revolute margins (the flat and broader standard of A. stragulus 0.8-1 em. long); the keel much shorter but with a longer and obtuse erect tip; the pods said to be 2-3-seeded, the tip not strongly bent upward (in A. stragulus the 5-8-seeded pod with the point abruptly upturned and erect). See p. 106. ASTRAGALUS ALPINUS L. Dry limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,585; turfy and rocky slopes, Quirpon Island, Wiegand Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,586, Fernald & Long, no. 28,587; previously known in Newfoundland only from Chimney Cove. See pp. 104, 121. A. EUCOSMUS Robinson. Dominant on turfy slopes and barrens or on slate, trap or limestone talus and gravel from Quirpon Island to Boat Harbor. See p. 104. The corolla is normally deep-violet but it is, exceptionally, white in A. EUCOSMUS, forma albinus, n. f., petalis lacteis.—N EWFOUNDLAND: springy meadow at base of Ha-Ha Mountain, Ha-Ha Bay, July 17, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,588 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). In typical À. eucosmus the calyx is densely strigose with usually dark hairs, but on the banks of the Exploits River in east-central Newfoundland there occurs an extreme with glabrous calyx. This may be distinguished as A. EUCOSMUS, var. facinorum, n. var., a forma typica recedit floribus remotis, calycibus glabris.—N EWFOUNDLAND: ledges and talus, north bank of Exploits River below the falls, Grand Falls, July 3, 216 Rhodora [NOVEMBER 1911, Fernald, Wiegand, Bartram & Darlington, no. 5795 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). A. Buaxer Eggleston. Limestone cliffs, ledges and talus, western escarpments of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,597; Fernald & Long, no. 28,593; a species of northern New England new to Newfoundland. See p. 117. OxYTROPIS FOLIOLOSA Hook. Dry gravelly limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,599; dry limestone gravel, Schooner (Brandy) Island, Pease & Long, no. 28,600; sandy and turfy upper border of limestone beach, Cook Point, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 28,601 ; the first from east of the Rocky Mts. See pp. 103, 105, 106. O. CAMPESTRIS (L.) DC., var. JoHANNENSIS Fernald. Not previ- ously recognized from Newfoundland, though already collected. The Newfoundland specimens are as follows. Dry crests of trap cliffs, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,604; shelves, crests and talus of diorite cliffs, Ha-Ha Mountain and Ha-Ha Point, Pease & Griscom, no. 28,602, Fernald & Long, no. 28,603; dry limestone cliffs and talus, western face of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,605; conglomerate limestone and calcareous sandstone cliffs and ledges, Cow Head, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3633; high sea-cliffs, Chimney Cove, Wag- horne. See pp. 104, 125. HEDYSARUM ALPINUM L. Dominant on turfy or peaty slopes or on calcareous cliffs and talus the length of the Straits from Quirpon Island to Savage Cove. See pp. 76, 104. Previously known from Cow Head and from the limestones of Port-à-Port and Cape St. George. H. ALPINUM, var. AMERICANUM Michx. Calcareous cliffs and talus, western escarpments of Doctor Hill and Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,626, 28,627, the first from north of Bay of Islands. See p. 125. LATHYRUS MARITIMUS (L.) Bigel., var. ALEUTICUS Greene. Gravelly and turfy strand near Isthmus Cove, Pistolet Bay, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,631, the first from south of Labrador. See p. 120. CALLITRICHE HETEROPHYLLA Pursh. Pools near the eastern end of the Straits, from Quirpon Island to Sacred Island, an extension north from the Exploits. See p. 120. C. HERMAPHRODITICA L. (C. autumnalis L.). In dead water near tide-limit, East Brook, St. Barbe Bay, Wiegand & Hotchkiss, no. 28,643, the first station north of the Humber. See p. 127. NEMOPANTHUS MUCRONATA (L.) Trel. Local and scarce on slopes of the Highlands of St. John, our first stations north of Bay of Islands. ACER SPICATUM Lam. Slopes of the Highlands of St. John, our first stations north of Bonne Bay. VIOLA NEPHROPHYLLA Greene. Common in damp peaty soil, northward to the Straits. See p. 90. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 217 V. SELKIRKII Pursh. Peaty slopes and woodland knolls, Quirpon Island and Highlands of St. John, extensions northward from Bay of Islands. V. PALUSTRIS L. Swale at mouth of Eddies Cove Brook, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,662, the first Newfoundland station. See p. 108. V. RENIFOLIA Gray. Thickets bordering limestone barrens, southern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,666, 28,667, the first from Newfoundland, where var. BRAINERD (Greene) Fern. is generally distributed along the West Coast. See p. 120. EPILOBIUM ANGUSTIFOLIUM L., var. INTERMEDIUM (Wormsk.) Fern. Turfy clearings and pastures, Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,676; previously known in Newfoundland only from Grand Lake. E. NEsoPHILUM Fern. Mossy larch swamp on flat north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 28,684, northern exten- sion from the Exploits Valley. See p. 127. E. PyLAIEANUM Fern. Ruopora, xxvii. 33 (1925). Widely dis- persed in southern Newfoundland. For citation of specimens see Fern., l. c. See p. 84. | E. PALUSTRE L., var. MANDJURICUM Hausskn. Springy swamp, Sandy Cove, Ingornachoix Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,860; glades and wet woods near base of Bard Harbor Hill and boggy limestone strand, Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Fernald & Long, no. 28,696, Wiegand & Gilbert, no. 28,699; the first records from America. See p. 80. E. PALUSTRE, var. LABRADORICUM Hausskn. Mossy barren hill- side back of Cape Ray, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,856; wet slaty cliffs, John Kanes’s Ladder, western face of Doctor Hill, High- lands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,686a; previously known in Newfoundland only from tundra at Little River, Mackenzie & Griscom, no. 11,191. E. PALUSTRE, var. LAPPONICUM Wahlenb. Dripping mossy quart- zite cliffs and ledges, upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,697, 28,698; springy ditch bordering spruce thicket, Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 28,701; new to Newfound- land. See p. 116. E. wYoMINGENSE A. Nels. Swales, bogs and glades on limestones of the West Coast: Flower Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, nos. 26,857. 26,859; Brig Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,858; Ingornachoix Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3728; Cow Head, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3727; Cape St. George, Mackenzie & Griscom, no. 10,355; the first records from east of the Rocky Mts. See p. 60. E. pavuricum Fisch. Peaty and turfy brooksides, borders of pools or damp depressions in limestone barrens, Quirpon Island to St. John Island: Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,708; Big Brook, Pease & Griscom, no. 28,703; Sandy (Poverty) Cove, Fernald, Long & 218 Rhodora [NOVEMBER Gilbert, no. 28,706; Savage Cove, Fernald, Pease & Long, no. 28,704; St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,707; the first from eastern America. See pp. 100, 118. E. LEPTOCARPUM Hausskn., var. (?) Macouwm Trel. Gravelly shore of pond in limestone rock-barrens near Rock Marsh, Flower Cove, Fernald, Pease & Long, no. 28,705; wet peat along trail in coniferous woods, lower southwestern slope of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,687; the first in eastern America. See p. 109. E. BREVISTYLUM Barbey. Springy slopes and brooksides at head of Mauve Bay, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,720; springy ditch bordering spruce thicket, Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 28,713; the first in eastern America. See p. 123. E. BoREALE Hausskn. Springy ditch bordering spruce thicket, Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 28,712; glades and rich thickets, slopes of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,719, 28,722, 28,723; bushy swale on flat north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 28,721. Except for stations in the Shickshock Mts. these are the first in eastern America. See p. 117. E. Drummonpi Hausskn. Turfy slope near mouth of Big Brook, Fernald & Long, no. 28,725; mossy glades and banks, Eddies Cove Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,726; springy mossy bank, Savage Cove, Fernald, Long & Gilbert, no. 28,727. A Rocky Mountain species heretofore known in the East only from the Torngat Mts. of Labrador and Tabletop Mts., Gaspé. See pp. 99, 108. EpiLoBiuM scalare, n. sp., perenne, rhizomate elongato obliquo crassiusculo, ad collum gemmas bulbiformes sessiles hypogaeas obovoideas 5-10 mm. longas edente; caule e basi arcuata erecto 0.5- 3.5 dm. alto crasso simplici vel plerumque in parte media superiore ramoso, ramis perbrevibus arcte adscendentibus fastigiatis, glabro subdense foliato multifloro, lineis 2 elevatis pilosiusculis e marginibus foliorum decurrentibus notato; foliis inferioribus oppositis reliquis alternatis subapproximatis pallide viridibus subcarnosis utrinque glaberrimis patentibus vel reflexis ellipticis vel anguste oblongo- ovatis breviter petiolatis basi rotundatis vel angustatis apicem versus angustatis subacutis mediis 3-6 em. longis 1.2-2.5 cm. latis margine denticulis minimis callosis vix repandis munitis; alabastris anguste ovoideis subacutis basi sparse pilosis; floribus erectis 5-6 mm. longis; calycis laciniis ovato-lanceolatis acutiusculis tubo crispo-piloso ; petalis purpureis calyce 3 longioribus; stigmate clavato; capsulis junioribus crispo-pilosis glabratis deinde 4-6 em. longis pallide viridibus, pedi- cellis brevissimis 2-3 mm. longis; seminibus anguste ovoideo-oblongis apice pellucido-appendiculatis basin versus sensim attenuatis acutis 1.4 mm. longis, 0.4 mm. latis, testa tenuiter denseque papillosa.— NEWFOUNDLAND: wet slaty cliffs, John Kanes's Ladder, western face 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 219 of Doctor Hill, Highlands of St. John, August 24, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,728 (TYPE in Gray Herb.). Nearest related to E. saximontanum Hausskn. of the cordilleran re- gion of northwestern America. That, however, as described by Haussknecht, has a slender rhizome (in Æ. scalare rather thick and stout); simple stem “a span” high (in E. scalare fastigiate or bushy- branched and taller); remote leaves only 2-3 cm. long and at most I em. wide (in E. scalare 3-6 cm. long, 1.2-2.5 em. wide); the buds and calices glabrous (in E. scalare crisp-pilose), the petals pale (in EF. scalare purple); and the young capsules glabrous (in Æ. scalare crisp- pilose). The seeds of E. scalare are apparently very similar to those of E. saximontanum. The latter species is not well represented in American herbaria, and I have been forced to interpret it merely from Haussknecht’s description. Epilobium scalare may eventually prove to be identical with E. saximontanum or some species of northwestern America; but I have been unable to place it satisfactorily with any of them. The flora of western Newfoundland is rich in Epilobium—seventeen species and ten varieties thus far known—and these include besides the cir- cumpolar species such western American types as E. wyomingense A. Nelson, E. boreale Hausskn., E. brevistylum Barbey, E. Drum- mondii Hausskn., E. leptocarpum var. Macounii Trel., and E. Behringi- anum Hausskn. See p. 126. E. LACTIFLORUM Hausskn. Brooksides on slaty hills back of Little Quirpon, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 28,730; mossy brooksides, Sacred Island, Fernald & Long, no. 28,731; cold wet chimneys in trap cliffs, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,732; wet quartzite rocks and seepy banks along upper Deer Pond Brook and in Southwest Gulch, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 28,739, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,733; new to Newfoundland. See pp. 117, 122. E. BEHRINGIANUM Hausskn. Springy mossy bank, Savage Cove, Fernald, Long & Gilbert, no. 28,734; a species of northeastern Asia and adjacent Alaska, here found for the first time in eastern America. See p. 109. E. AvPINUM L. (E. anagallidifolium Lam.). Glades and damp thickets, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,736, new to Newfoundland. See p. 103. MYRIOPHYLLUM ALTERNIFLORUM DC. Frequent from Brig Bay to Savage Cove, an extension northward from Bay of Islands. See p. 127. 220 Rhodora [NOVEMBER M. EXALBESCENS Fern. Common from Brig Bay to Pistolet Bay, an extension north from Pointe Riche. See p. 127. SANICULA MARILANDICA L., var. borealis, n. var. a var. typica recedit floribus stamineis majoribus sepalis 1.3-2 mm. longis pedicellis crassis subereo-angulatis vel -clavatis; fructu 6-8 mm. longo.— Newfoundland to northern New York. NEWFOUNDLAND: spruce thickets, Boat Harbor, Straits of Belle Isle, July 19, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,765; meadow below limestone escarpment, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, August 27, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,766; damp talus of limestone sea-cliffs, Pointe Riche, August 4, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3765; wet runs and boggy spots, Ingornachoix Bay, August 2, 1910, Fernald & Wieg- and, no. 3764; marsh at base of Gros Morne, Bonne Bay, August 13 and 14, 1919, R. H. Kimball, no. 74; park-like openings in woods, Birchy Cove (Curling), July 21, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3763; woods, Wild Cove, July 16, 1896, Waghorne; banks of Exploits River near Badger Brook, August 13, 1894, B. L. Robinson; ledges and talus, Grand Falls, July 22, 1911, Fernald, Wiegand, Bartram & Darlington, no. 5950; shaded bank of Salmon River, Glenwood, July 12, 1911, Fernald, Wiegand & Darlington, no. 5951; damp bushy ravine in limestone tableland, Table Mountain, Port-à-Port Bay, August 16, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 3766. QUEBEC: alluvial woods, St. John (or Douglastown) River, August 23, 1904, Collins, Fernald & Pease; alluvial thickets and woods near mouth of Dartmouth River, August 26 and 27, 1904, Collins, Fernald & Pease (TYPE in Gray Herb.); dans la prairie au sommet des falaises du Gros-Ruisseau, Riviére-aux-Rénards, Juil. 14, 1923, Victorin et al, no. 17,318; coni- ferous forest, “Low’s Trail” from River Ste. Anne des Monts to Table-Topped Mt., August 14, 1906, Fernald & Collins, no. 678; alluvium of Bonaventure River, August 4-8, 1904, Collins, Fernald & Pease; alluvial thickets, Little Cascapedia River, July 29 and 30, 1904, Collins, Fernald & Pease; Matane River, August 5, 1904, F. F. Forbes; Little Métis, August 16, 1906, Fowler; shore of Lake Temis- couata, August, 1914, Victorin, no. 518; Lower Caché River, Lac Tremblant, August 2, 1922, Churchill. PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND: swampy woods, Tignish, August 6, 1912, Fernald, Long & St. John, no. 7852. New Brunswick: cliffs, St. John River, Connors, July 13, 1903, Pease, no. 2260; Little Island, Shediac Bay, August 5, 1914, Hubbard. Marne: Fort Fairfield, July 16, 1902, Williams, Collins & Fernald. New York: Canton, July 17, 1914, Phelps, no. 726. In typical Sanicula marilandica of the eastern United States and the southern edges of Canada the staminate flowers are smaller, with sepals 1-1.5 mm. long, the pedicels filiform and usually more elongate than in the northern extreme, and the fruits average slightly shorter, varying from 5-7 mm. in length. Var. borealis usually has a tendency 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 221 to firmer or somewhat fleshy or leathery leaves; but in none of the characters is it absolutely separable. In northern New England some of the plants are transitional, but all the material from farther north, in Gaspé and Newfoundland, seems fairly constant in its thickened pedicels and larger calyx and, when mature, in its usually larger fruit. OSMORHIZA DIVARICATA Nutt. Alluvial woods north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, Fernald & Long, no. 28,771, new to Newfound- land. See p. 125. CICUTA BULBIFERA L. Locally in swales along the Straits from Flower Cove to Boat Harbor, an extension north from Bay of Islands. Heracleum Sphondylium L. A dominant weed of fields and fence- rows, Trepassey, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,886. See p. 84. CoNIOSELINUM GMELINI (Bray) Steud. Nom. ed. 2, i. 403 (1840). Selinum Gmelini Bray, Denkschr. Bot. Ges. Regensb. i. pt. 2: 36 (1818). Certain collections from Newfoundland and the Gaspé Peninsula, with the upper stipules gradually narrowed from base to summit, rather than broadly dilated as in C. chinense (L.) BSP., and with the leaves very finely dissected, seems to be quite inseparable from the plant of arctic Eurasia which there regularly passes as C. Gmelini (see p. 117). C. Gmelini (Bray) Steud. is quite distinct from the plant of western North America which was christened C. Gmelini (C. & S.) Coult. & Rose, Cont. U. S. Nat. Herb. vii. 150 (1900), based upon Ligusticum Gmelini Cham. & Schl. Linnaea, i. 391 (1826). In view of Steudel's combination, properly made in a well-known work and clearly listed in Index Kewensis, there was no call for the later combination. The plant of western America, which has larger fruits and much longer and coarser involucels than C. Gmelini (Bray) Steud., should be called CoONIOSELINUM Benthami (Wats.), n. comb. Selinum Benthami Wats. Bibl. Ind. 432 (1878). Ligusticum Gmelini Cham. & Schl. Linnaea, i. 391 (1826). C. Gmelini Coult. & Rose, Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. vii. 150 (1900), not Steud. (1840). The specific characters in Conioselinum are not well worked out but everyone who has watched the genus in the region of Gaspé and Newfoundland realizes that with us it is a complex group. In this region there seem to be at least four species: C. chinense (L.) BSP., C. Gmelini (Bray) Steud., C. pumilum Rose, and a fourth species (known from a single collection from Tabletop Mts., Gaspé) with 222 Rhodora [NOVEMBER coarse and elongate involucels, near to if not identical with C. Benth- ami (Wats.) Fern. of Alaska; but until more time can be given to study of their technical characters it is wisest to defer the presenta- tion of a formal key to them. ANGELICA laurentiana, n. sp., A. atropurpureae similis; caulibus 1-2 m. altis viridibus vix purpurascentibus glabris; segmentis ter- minalibus foliorum imorum valde confluentibus; umbellis hemi- sphericis primariis 1.3-2.5 dm. latis radiis 28-45 subrigidis crassis dense griseo-puberulis floribus exclusis 5-10 cm. longis; involucellis nullis vel bracteis lineari-setaceis vel lineari-oblanceolatis pedicellos subaequantibus vel superantibus; pedicellis maturis 0.6-1.4 cm. longis griseo-puberulis: fructu late oblongo vel oblongo-suborbiculato basi apiceque rotundato 5.5-10.5 mm. longo glabro; jugis tribus dorsalibus alatis, alis dorsalibus laterales subaequantibus.—North- western Newfoundland and eastern Saguenay County, Quebec. NEWFOUNDLAND: trap cliffs and talus, Anse aux Sauvages, Pistolet Bay, August 11, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, nos. 28,784 (TYPE in Gray Herb.), 28,785; rocky meadows and brook-bottoms, upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, July 28, 1925, August 20, 1925, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,782, 28,783. QUEBEC: meadow, Tabatière, Boishébert, August 14, 1915, St, John, no. 90,626 (dis- tributed as Coelopleurum actaeifolium). Angelica laurentiana is at once distinguished in mature fruit from A. atropurpurea L. by the thin wings of the dorsal ridges, the dorsal ridges in A. atropurpurea being low, blunt-edged and wingless. In A. atropurpurea the ripe fruit is 5.5-7.5 mm. long, in A. laurentiana it may be as short but is commonly 8-10.5 mm. long. In A. atropurpurea the stem is usually suffused with purple and the umbels are inclined to be spherical, with the outer rays strongly reflexed, and the upper segments of the lowest leaves are commonly distinct or only slightly confluent. In A. laurentiana the stem may be purplish but it is more commonly green; the rays of the umbel ascend or are at most horizontally divergent and the upper segments of the lowest leaves are strongly confluent. In A. atropurpurea the involucels, when present, are commonly much shorter than the pedicels; in À. laurenti- ana they are often nearly as long as or even longer than the pedicels. In its fruit A. laurentiana is nearer to A. ampla A. Nelson of the Rocky Mountain region of Wyoming and Colorado; but the latter has the fruits smaller and with lower scarcely winged dorsal ridges. In their key Coulter & Rose! define A. atropurpurea as having “ In- t Contrib. U. S. Nat. Herb. vii. 154 (1900). 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 223 florescence glabrous" and in their detailed description states that the umbel is “15 to 25-rayed." Such an account is difficult to reconcile with the plants, for every specimen of À. atropurpurea in the Gray Herbarium and the herbarium of the New England Botanical Club has the rays and pedicels copiously puberulent and the primary or leading umbels all have 22-46 rays.! See p. 117. PYROLA sECUNDA L., forma eucycla, n. f., a f. typica recedit foliis rotudatis vel rotundo-ellipticis.—NEWFOUNDLAND: mossy spruce woods north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, August 24, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 28,801. Forma eucycla is an extreme form of P. secunda, var. vulgaris Herder, and should not be confused with var. obtusata Turez. Typical P. secunda has the bracts at the base of the stem lanceolate, strongly involute and firm; the firm leaf-blades dark-green and rather lustrous, crenate-serrate, 1.5-6 cm. long; the scapes 1-2 dm. high; racemes 6-20-flowered, in anthesis 2-5, in fruit up to 8.5 em. long; the petals greenish-yellow; the mature style 5-9 mm. long. The usually very distinct var. obtusata differs in having the basal bracts oblong to ovate, but slightly involute, membranaceous; the leaf-blades membra- naceous, pale-green, hardly lustrous, crenate, 0.8-3 cm. long; the scapes 0.5-1.5 dm. high; the racemes 2-10-flowered, in anthesis 0.5-3, in fruit up to 4 cm. long; petals creamy-white; mature style 4-6 mm. long. In all its technical points forma eucycla belongs with typical P. secunda, which, however, has the leaves narrowed at tip. RHODODENDRON CANADENSE (L.) BSP. Shrubby barren near the Yellow Marsh back of Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,824, an extension north from Bay of Islands. PHYLLODOCE CAERULEA (L.) Bab. Abundant on peaty and turfy quartzite, upper slopes of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, the third Newfoundland station. See p. 116. CASSIOPE HYPNOIDES (L.) D. Don. Turfy and mossy quartzite . rocks along Mans Humbug Brook, Highlands of St. John, very scarce, Fernald & Long, no. 28,839, the second Newfoundland station. See p. 124, where I spoke of it as new to Newfoundland, overlooking Eames & Godfrey’s discovery of it on Blomidon. ARCTOSTAPHYLOS RUBRA (Rehder & Wilson) Fernald. Turfy or peaty limestone barrens along the Straits: Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,853, 1 The first station cited by Coulter & Rose is likewise difficult to reconcile with geographic fact: '‘Vermont: Alpine region of the White Mountains, Oakes." 224 Rhodora [NOVEMBER Fernald & Long, no. 28,855; Cape Norman, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 28,854, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,856; Big Brook, Fernald & Long, no. 28,852; Yankee Point, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,857; new to Newfoundland. See p. 99. VACCINIUM NUBIGENUM Fernald. Dry scrub at margin of quart- zite barren near summit of Bard Harbor Hill and heathy banks near upper Deer Pond Brook, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,872, Fernald & Long, nos. 28,873, 28,874; previously known only from the Shickshock Mts. See pp. 116, 124. V. OVALIFOLIUM Sm. Open spruce thickets, Boat Harbor, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 28,875; abundant in the thickets and gulches of the Highlands of St. John. See pp. 107, 116, 124. Previously known on the North Peninsula only from Croque (Banks, LaPylaie). STATICE LABRADORICA (Wallr.) Hubb. & Blake, var. SUBMUTICA Blake. Dominant on limestone barrens from Pistolet Bay to St. John Bay; previously known on the West Coast south to Lewis Hills. PRIMULA FARINOSA L. Fairly typical P. farinosa is represented by specimens from crests of trap cliffs, Sacred Island, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,908; turfy and peaty pockets in limestone ledges, Sandy (Poverty) Cove, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,955; Flower Cove, M. E. Priest, no. Hl. See pp. 60, 75. P. FARINOSA, var. AMERICANA Torr. Wet limestone ledges and gravel near the sea, St. Barbe, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 26,956. P. FARINOSA, var. INCANA (M. E. Jones) Fern. Turfy limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss. no. 28,905; gravelly limestone shore, Schooner (Brandy) Island, Pease & Long, no. 28,907; limestone barrens, Yankee Point, Wiegand, & Hotchkiss no. 28,904; turfy limestone barrens, Dog Peninsula, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,913. P. FARINOSA, var. MACROPODA Fern. Abundant on the West Coast P. SIBIRICA Jacq., var. ARCTICA Pax. Gravelly and peaty lime- stone barrens back of Big Brook, Fernald & Long, no. 28,915; sandy and gravelly margin of Big Brook, Fernald, Wiegand, Long & Gilbert, no. 28,916; swale near mouth of brook, Watts Bight, Pease, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,901; wet banks, turfy limestone barrens, Cape Norman, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 28,918; wet hollows and pond-shores in limestone gravel-barrens, Cook Point, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 28,917, Fernald, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,919; the first records from eastern America. See pp. 98, 99, 105. P. EGALIKSENSIS Wormsk. Abundant in swales or on peat in the calcareous region from Sacred Island to St. John’s Island. See pp. 54, 60, 75, 118. GENTIANA PROPINQUA Richardson. Dominant on turfy and 1926] Dodge, —Lichens of the Gaspé Peninusla 225 gravelly limestone shores and cliffs from Quirpon Island to Ingorna- choix Bay. See pp. 54, 60, 79, 80. Lamium purpureum L. Completely occupying a garden-site at head of Mauve Bay, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,958, new to Newfoundland. LIMOSELLA aquatica L. Shallow fresh pool back of beach, Harbour Breton, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 27,013. Otherwise known in eastern America only from the southeastern corner of the Labrador Peninsula. See p. 87. GRATIOLA AUREA Muhl. Gravelly margin of Junction Pond, Whitbourne, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 27,014; discovered at the same station in 1911, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 6143; the only station known in Newfoundland. See p. 86. The material collected on August 8, 1911, and August 25, 1924, is very dwarf and shows no sign of flowering. (To be continued) LICHENS OF THE GASPE PENINSULA, QUEBEC. CARROLL W. DoDGE. (Continued from p. 207.) * CLADONIA FOLIACEA (Huds.) Willd. var. ALCICORNIS (Lightf.) Schaer. Cap Rosier, Macoun. C. APoDOCARPA Robbins. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2842, Logan range. C. BorRyTES (Hagen) Willd. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2843, Logan range. C. gaciLLIFORMIS (Nyl.) Vainio. Matane, Dodge 2841. C. cyanrpes (Sommerf.) Vainio var. DESPREAUXII (Bor.) Th. Fr. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2844, Logan range. STEREOCAULON TOMENTOSUM Fr. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2150; Fernald Basin, Dodge 2159; gorge, northeast branch of R. Ste. Annes des Monts, Dodge 2160; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Collins 4657; Mt. Albert, Collins 4177; Cap Rosier, Macoun. S. DENUDATUM Floerke. Lac Perré, Dodge 2689, Tabletop range; between Lac Mont Louis and north branch of R. Madeleine, Dodge 2634; Mt. Albert, Macoun. * S. CONDENSATUM Hoffm. Fink list. S. PASCHALE (L.) Ach. Mt. Albert, Collins 4063. 226 Rhodora [NOVEMBER GYROPHORACEAE GYROPHORA PROBOSCIDEA (L.) Ach. Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) DC. Gaspé coast, Macoun; * Mt. Albert, Macoun; Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2861, 'Tabletop range. G. ARCTICA Ach. Umbilicaria proboscidea (L.) DC. var. arctica (Ach.) Tuck. Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2862, 'Tabletop range. G. HYPERBOREA Ach. Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. Gorge, northeast branch of R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2616. G. EROSA (Web.) Ach. Umbilicaria erosa (Web.) Hoffm. Mt. Dun- raven, Dodge 2859, Tabletop range; * Mt. Albert, Macoun. G. vette (L.) Ach. Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Nyl. Gorge, northeast branch of R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2300, Tabletop range. G. POLYPHYLLA (L.) Hook. Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Schrad. Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2860, Tabletop range. ACAROSPORACEAE * BIATORELLA PRIVIGNA (Ach.) A. L. Smith. Lecanora privigna (Ach.) Nyl. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. COLLEMACEAE * COLLEMA RUPESTRIS (Sw.) Rabenh. C. flaccidum Ach. Synecho- blastus rupestris (Sw.) Trev. Gaspé Basin and R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. * C. NIGRESCENS (Huds.) Ach. Synechoblastus nigrescens (Huds.) Anzi. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. * C. PULPOSUM (Bernh.) Ach. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. LEPTOGIUM PLICATILE (Ach.) Leighton. C. plicatile Ach. (sensu Tuck.) Gaspé coast, Macoun 29, 31. * L. LICHENOIDES (L.) Zahlbr. L. lacerum (Raeuschel) S. F. Gray. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. L. TREMELLOIDES (L. f.) S. F. Gray. Gaspé, Macoun 106; * R. Ste Anne des Monts, Macoun. PANNARIACEAE PsoroMA HYPNORUM (Dicks.) S. F. Gray. Squamaria hypnorum (Dicks.) Hook. Pannaria hypnorum (Dicks.) Koerb. Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2848, Logan range. PANNARIA RUBIGINOSA (Thunb.) Delise. Gaspé coast, Macoun 22; * R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. 1926] Dodge, —Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula 227 * P. Leucosticra Tuck. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. P. pEzIZo1DES (Web.) Trev. P. brunnea (Sw.) Massal. Gaspé coast, Macoun 20, 21; * R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. * PLACYNTHIUM NIGRUM (Huds.) S. F. Gray. Pannaria nigra (Huds.) Nyl. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. * PARMELIELLA CORALLINIOIDES (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. Pannaria trypto- phylla (Ach.) Massal. Gaspé county, Macoun. ? P. uicRoPHYLLA (Sw.) Müll.-Arg. Pannaria microphylla (Sw.) Mas- sal. Gaspé coast, Macoun 48. STICTACEAE LoBaARIA (RICASOLIA) LACINIATA (Huds.) Vainio. Sticta amplissima (Scop.) Massal. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2151; *R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. L. (RICASOLIA) PULMONARIA (L.) Hoffm. Sticta pulmonaria (L.) Ach. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2149; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, * Macoun, Collins 4645t. *L. (LOBARINA) SCROBICULATA (Scop. DC. Sticta scrobiculata (Scop.) Ach. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. * STICTA (STICTINA) CROCATA (L.) Ach. Gaspé coast, Macoun. PELTIGERACEAE SOLORINA CROCEA (L.) Ach. Mt. McNab, Dodge 2295, 2690; Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2294, Tabletop range. S. saccaTa (L.) Ach. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2298; Lac Pleureuse, Dodge 2299. S. sponaiosa (Sm.) Carroll. S. saccata (L.) Ach. var. spongiosa (Sm.) Nyl. Gaspé coast, Macoun 85. NEPHROMA (EUNEPHROMA) ARCTICUM (L.) Fr. summit Mt. Albert, Macoun, Collins 4177f; Mt. Mattaouisse and Mt. Collins, Dodge 2296, Logan range; gorge, northeast branch R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2297, Tabletop range. N. (NEPHROMIUM) LAEVIGATUM Ach. Lac Perré, Dodge 2632; gorge, northeast branch, R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2/87, Tabletop range; * Cap Rosier, Macoun. N. (NEPHROMIUM) HELVETICUM Ach. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. PELTIGERA HORIZONTALIS (L.) Hoffm. Méchins-R. Cap Chat trail, Dodge 2309; island in Lac Perré, Dodge 2154, Tabletop range; * R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. 228 Rhodora [NOVEMBER * P. potypactyLa (Neck.) Hoffm. Gaspé county, Macoun. * P. venosa (L.) Hoffm. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. P. aputruosa (L.) Willd. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2146, 2148, 2308; Big Chimney, Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2768, Logan range; * Gaspé coast, Macoun; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Collins 4645p, 4645u. P. MALACEA (Ach.) Fr. Tabletop range, Collins 4400b. P. cantina (L.) Hoffm. var. sponaiosa Tuck. Gorge, northeast branch R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2153. PERTUSARIACEAE PERTUSARIA MULTIPUNCTA (Turn.) Nyl. * R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun; between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2180. P. vELATA (Turn.) Nyl. Gaspé, Macoun 128. * P. communis DC. R. Madeleine, Macoun. P. LEIOPLACA (Ach.) Schaer. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2877; * R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. P. PUSTULATA (Ach.) Nyl. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2878; * Gaspé coast, Macoun. P. GLOMERATA (Ach.) Schaer. Mt. Albert, Macoun 139. P. GLOBULARIS Ach. between Mt. Mattaouisse and Mt. Collins, Dodge 2875, Logan range; Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2876, Table- top range. LECANORACEAE * LECANORA MURALIS (Schreb.) Schaer. var. SAXICOLA (Poll.) Schaer. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. L. rrustuLosa (Dicks.) Ach. Capucins, Collins 4690c. * L. SORDIDA (Pers.) Th. Fr. Mt. Albert, Macoun. L. Hacent Ach. Mt. Fortin, Dodge 2801, Logan range; Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2874; * R. Madeleine, Macoun. L. susrusca (L.) Ach. Matane, Dodge 2888. L. TARTAREA (L.) Ach. Mt. Albert, Macoun. * L. PALLESCENS (L.) Schaer. Mt. Albert, Macoun. L. CINEREA (L.) Sommerf. Gannett ledge, Bonaventure Island, Collins 5263. * L. nUBITANS (Nyl.) A. L. Smith. L. dimera (Nyl.) Th. Fr. Fink list. L. rorLvrRoPA (Ach.) Schaer. L. varia (Hoffm.) Ach. var. polytropa Nyl. between Mt. Logan and Mt. Pembroke, Dodge 2847; Capucins, Collins 4688a. 1926] Dodge, —Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula 229 L. INTRICATA (Schrad.) Ach. L. varia (Hoffm.) Ach. var. intricata (Schrad.) Nyl. Mt. Albert, Dodge 2872. L. symmicra Ach. L. varia (Hoffm.) Ach. var. symmicta Ach. Gaspé, Macoun 120; Gaspé coast, Macoun 171, 174. ICAMADOPHILUS ERICETORUM (L.) Zahlbr. Baeomyces aeruginosus (Scop.) DC. Fernald Basin, Dodge 2290, 2293, Logan range; Mt. Albert, Dodge 2870; gorge, northeast branch, R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2711, 'Tabletop range. HAEMATOMMA VENTOSUM (L.) Massal. Lecanora ventosa (L.) Ach. Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2858, Logan range; * Mt. Albert, Macoun. H. ELATINUM (Ach.) Koerb. Lecanora elatina Ach. Gaspé coast, Macoun; * R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. Var. ochrophaea (Tuck.) Dodge, n. comb. Lecanora elatina Ach. var. ochrophaea Tuck. Syn. N. Am. Lichens 1: 195. 1882. Biatora ochrophaea Tuck. Syn. Lich. N. E. 61-62. 1848. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. PARMELIACEAE PARMELIA PERLATA (Huds.) Ach. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2681. * P. TILIACEA (Hoffm.) Ach. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. between north fork of R. Madeleine and Lac Mont. Louis, Dodge 2657; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. Var. LAEVIS Nyl. between Mt. Mattaouisse and Mt. Collins, Dodge 2166, Logan range; R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2865. Var. FURFURACEA Mudd. gorge, northeast branch R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2883. * P. SULCATA Tayl. P. saxatilis (L.) Ach. var. sulcata (Tayl.) Nyl. Gaspé coast, Macoun. P. PHYSODES (L.) Ach. near Lac Perré, Dodge 2849, Tabletop range; R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2863; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Collins 46450; Matane, Dodge 2181, 2132. * Var. oBscuRATA (L.) Ach. Fink list. * P. orivACEA (L.). Ach. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. * P. coNsPERSA (Ehrh.) Ach. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. P. cENTRIFUGA (L.) Ach. Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2864, Tabletop range. CETRARIA ISLANDICA (L.) Ach. Mt. Mattaouisse, Dodge 2161. Var. TENUIFOLIA (Retz) Vainio (var. crispa Ach.). Mt. Albert, Dodge 2626; Collins 4123, 4156b, 41770, 4177p. (The latter agrees best with C. fastigiata Delise from Newfoundland in Tucker- man Herb. This group needs revision.) Between Mt. Mat- taouisse and Mt. Collins, Dodge 2224, Logan range. 230 Rhodora [NOVEMBER C. JUNIPERINA (L.) Ach. var. TERRESTRIS Schaer. Gaspé coast, Macoun; * summit, Mt. Albert, Macoun. C. PINASTRI (Ach.) S. F. Gray. C. juniperina (L.) Ach. var. pinastri Ach. Lac Perré, Dodge 2176; between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2175. C. SAEPINCOLA (Ehrh.) Ach. Lac Perré, Dodge 2177; gorge, northeast branch, R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2633, Tabletop range. This material agrees well with other alpine material determined as this species but not with more southern or lowland material. C. nrvauis (L.) Ach. Mt. Albert, Collins 4177h, 4179b; Allen’s Ravine, Mt. Albert, Collins 4156a. * C. CILIARIS (Ach.) Tuck. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. C. FAHLUNENSIS (L.) Schaer. Le Viellard au Sud, Dodge 2667; Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2873, Tabletop range; * summit Mt. Albert, Macoun. * C. cucULATA (Bell.) Ach. summit Mt. Albert, Macoun. C. GLAUCA (L.) Ach. Gaspé coast, Macoun; Lac Perré, Dodge 2850, Tabletop range; * Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. * C. niASCENS (Fr.) Th. Fr. summit Mt. Albert, Macoun. USNEACEAE RAMALINA POLLINARIELLA Nyl. R. pusilla (Prev.) Tuck. var. genic- ulata (Hook. f. & Tayl.) Tuck. Matane, Dodge 2133. * R. POLYMORPHA Ach. Little Chlordorme, Macoun. R. FARINACEA (L.) Ach. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2625; between Mt. Pembroke and Couvert de Chaudron, Dodge 2624, Logan range; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2691. USNEA CAVERNOSA Tuck. Between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2640, 2641. U. BARBATA (L.) Web. Lac Perré, Dodge 2851, Tabletop range. Var. STRICTA (Schaer.) R. H. Howe, between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2639. Var. FILIPENDULA (Stirton) R. H. Howe, be- tween Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2638. F. HIRTELLA Ach., between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2637. U. PLiCATA (L.) Web. * summit, Mt. Albert, Macoun; R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Collins 4645a. U. LonGissIMA Ach. R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2147. *U. rRICHODEA Ach. Gaspé coast, Macoun. 1926] Dodge,—Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula 231 ALECTORIA JUBATA (L.) Ach. var. IMPLEXA (Hoffm.) Ach. Mt. Albert, Macoun; between Lac Mont Louis and the north fork of R. Made- leine, Dodge 2630. A. CHALYBEIFORMIS (L.) S. F. Gray. Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2627. A. DIVERGENS (Ach.) Nyl. Mt. Dunraven, Dodge 2676. A. ocHROLEUCA (Ehrh.) Nyl. Summit of Mt. Albert, Macoun, Dodge 2656; Lac Perré, Dodge 2853, Tabletop range. A. NIGRICANS (Ach.) Nyl. Summit of Mt. Albert, Macoun. A. SARMENTOSA (Ach.) R. H. Howe. Gaspé, Macoun. A. BICOLOR (Ehrh.) Nyl. Mt. Albert, Macoun; Mt. Mattaouisse and Mt. Collins, Dodge 2631, Logan range; Lac Perré, Dodge 2852, Tabletop range. CERANIA VERMICULARIS (Sw.) S. F. Gray. T'hamnolia vermicularis (Sw.) Schaer. Mt. Albert, Collins 4177a, * Macoun. PLACODIACEAE PLACODIUM FERRUGINEUM (Huds.) Hepp, var. piscoLor Willey. Gaspé coast, Macoun 182. P. ELEGANS (Link) DC. * R. Madeleine, Macoun; Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2854; Mt. Albert, Dodge 2165, 2182; Capucins, Collins 4688d. P. (BLASTENIA) RUPESTRE (Scop.) Branth & Rostr. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. ' CANDELARIELLA VITELLINA (Ehrh.) Müll.-Arg. Placodium vitellinum (Ehrh.) Naeg. & Hepp. R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. Var. AURELLA (Ach.) A. L. Smith. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2857; * R. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. THELOSCHISTACEAE XANTHORIA PARIETINA (L.) Th. Fr. Theloschistes parietinus (L.) Norm. Gaspé coast, Macoun 16. X. PoLYcARPA (Sm.) Oliv. Theloschistes polycarpus (Sm.) Tuck. Capucins, Collins 4692a. PHYSCIACEAE * RINODINA TURFACEA (Wahl.) Th. Fr. Fink list. PaysciA CILIARIS (L.) DC. Gaspé coast, Macoun 40. Var. CRINALIS (Schleich.) Schaer. Cap Rosier, Macoun 55; Gannett Ledge, Bonaventure Island, Collins 5268. 232 Rhodora [NOVEMBER P. PULVERULENTA (Schreb.) Nyl. var. LEUCOLEIPTES Tuck. Little Fox River, Macoun. P. STELLARIS (L.) Nyl. Ste. Anne des Monts, Macoun. | P. nisPrpa (Schreb.) Tuck. Ste. Anne des Monts, Dodge 2856; R. Cap Chat, Dodge 2866; between Mont Louis and Lac Mont Louis, Dodge 2643; Gaspé coast, Macoun 66. FaAnLow HERBARIUM. Two ADDITIONS TO THE FLORA or Massacuuserts.—During the spring excursion of the New England Botanical Club in 1921 I was collecting with Hon. J. R. Churchill in Ashfield, in a swampy meadow at an elevation of about 1700 feet. Here I was much pleased to find numerous specimens of Carex Michauxiana, one of the less common sedges of New England. The plant is abundant at similar altitudes in the Green Mountains, notably at Woodford and Somerset in south- ern Vermont, and is likely to be found in other mountain meadows among the Berkshires. While driving over the Mohawk Trail on May 19, 1925, I was at- tracted by the flowering Amelanchiers in a bog in Florida, between the two summits of the Trail. One of them I thought at first was A. Bartramiana, but it had more flowers than that species, and bore some resemblance to A. laevis, which was also abundant in the swamp, yet in spite of the resemblance it was strikingly different from either of those species. My determination of it was A. intermedia, afterward confirmed by Prof. K. M. Wiegand, who kindly examined a specimen for me. In general appearance while in bloom it is intermediate between A. laevis and A. Bartramiana. It is described in RHODORA, xii. 147-148, 1920. Specimens of these two plants have been placed in the herbarium of the New England Botanical Club.—CranENcE HINCKLEY KNOWL- TON, Hingham, Massachusetts. Vol. 28, no. 334, including pages 181 to 208, was issued 6 November, 1926. Dodora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Conducted and published for the Club, by BENJAMIN LINCOLN ROBINSON, Editor-in-Chief MERRITT LYNDON FERNALD HOLLIS WEBSTER Associate Editors CARROLL WILLIAM DODGE WILLIAM PENN RICH, Publication Committee Vol. 28. December, 1926. No. 336. CONTENTS: Technical Name of Sugar Maple K. K. Mackenzie ........... 233 Botanizing in Newfoundland (concluded). M. L. Fernald..... 234 Taylor vs. Grier's Notes on Flora of Long Island. N. M. Grier 242 Hieracium canadense var. hirtirameum in Michigan. N. C. Fassett 246 eg ky ak ae pews T 236 Boston, Mass. | Providence, R. F. 300 Massachusetts Ave. Preston and Rounds Co. RHODORA.—A monthly journal of botany, devoted primarily to the flora of New England. Price, $2.00 per year, postpaid (domestic and foreign) ; single copies (if available) 20 cents. Volumes 1-8 or single numbers from them can be sup- plied at somewhat advanced prices which will be furnished on application Notes and short scientific papers, relating directly or indirectly to the plants of the northeastern states, will be gladly received and published to the extent that the limited space of the journal permits. Forms will be closed five weeks in advance of publication. Authors (of more than one page of print) will re- ceive 25 copies of the issue in which their contributions appear. Extracted re- prints, if ordered in advance, will be furnished at cost. Address manuscripts and proofs to B. L. ROBINSON, 3 Clement Circle, Cambridge, Mass. Subscriptions, advertisements, and business communications to W. P. RICH, 300 Massachusetts Avenue, Boston, Mass. Entered at Boston, Mass., Post Office as Second Class Mail Matter. BOTANICAL BOOKS, New and Second Hand, PRESTON & ROUNDS Co., Providence, R. I. CARD-INDEX OF NEW GENERA, SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF AMERICAN PLANTS, 1885 TO DATE. For American taxonomists and all students of American plants the most important supplement to the Index Kewensis, this catalogue in several ways exceeds the latter work in detail, since it lists not only the flowering plants, but pteridophytes and cellular crypto- gams, and includes not merely genera and species, but likewise sub- species, varieties and forms. A work of reference invaluable for larger herbaria, leading libraries, academies of sciences, and other centers of botanical activity. Issued quarterly, at $22.50 per 1000 card GRAY HERBARIUM of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass., U. S. A. CHECK LIST OF GRAY’S MANUAL, 7th EDITION, compiled b M. A. Dav. Leatherette. Pocket size. Invaluable for collector's memoranda and herbarium records. Published and sold by the Gray HERBARIUM, Cambridge, Mass. Price postpaid 20 cts. each. Ten copies $1.50. MEMOIRS OF THE GRAY HERBARIUM. A series of illustrated quarto papers issued at irregular intervals, sold separately. Vol.II. Persistence of Plants in unglaciated Areas of Boreal America, by M. L. Fernald, 102 pages. Aug. 1925. $2.00. Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. Advertisements of Nurserymen and Dealers in Botanical and other Scien- tific Publications are inserted in these pages at the following rates per space of 4 in. by 3-4 in. 1 year $4.00, 6 months $2.50. TRbooora JOURNAL OF THE NEW ENGLAND BOTANICAL CLUB Vol. 28. December, 1926. No. 336. TECHNICAL NAME OF SUGAR MAPLE. KENNETH K. MACKENZIE. I aM sorry that in my article on the name in use for the American Sugar Maple, I did not give information enough to enable Mr. Sud- worth to understand the question. If reference is made to the preface of Marshall Arbustum Americanum (VII-VIII), the following will be found: “The author . . . has been induced to draw up this Alphabetical Catalogue of the Forest Trees and Shrubs, natives of the American United States, as mentioned by the best authors, or since discovered by ingenious travellers. In this catalogue are contained their Lin- naean Generic and trivial names (or new formed ones where these have been wanting)." Linnaeus had four * American United States" species of the genus Acer, viz: rubrum, saccharinum, pennsylvanicum and Negundo. Mar- shall gives all of these with the exception of any spelled “ sacchari- num.” Instead of this appears the name“ saccharum,” which is merely a misprint for the Linnaean name, occasioned by leaving out the syl- lable “in.” There was not the slightest intention on the part of Marshall to publish this as a new species, or we should have found him using both the names “saccharinum” and “saccharum” because he was accounting for all “American United States” species of Acer. The French translator and reviser of the work caught and quite properly corrected this typographical error, but he continued the other error made by Marshall and numerous other authors in identi- fying the Linnaean Acer saccharinum with our hard maple instead of with our soft maple. A very similar tangle had previously been created by Philip Miller (Gard. Dict. Abr. (6th Ed.) 1771 Acer No. 6) where he used the name 234 Rhodora [DECEMBER Acer sacchatum, giving the Linnaean Latin descriptive phrase for Acer saccharinum, and an account of his own of the American Sugar Maple. In the 1768 edition (8th) of his Gardener’s Dictionary he had used the name Acer saccharinum in very much the same way. There is nothing known to me to show whether the change to sacchatum was an intentional correction in orthography or a mere misspelling. Anyone using the name appearing in Marshall’s work would have hard work to avoid using the prior name appearing in Miller’s work. Of course such typographical errors or changes in spelling do not constitute publication of species, and they should be treated as correc- tions or disregarded entirely. I am sure that Mr. Sudworth does not believe that a misspelled misidentification amounts to the publication of a new species. Mr. Sudworth’s inference that I would use the name Acer sac- charinum L. for the sugar maple is quite without justification in anything I wrote. I really wonder how he ever came to have had such a dream. There must have been a hot, sleepy day in Washing- ton. MaPLEwoop, NEW JERSEY. TWO SUMMERS OF BOTANIZING IN NEWFOUNDLAND M. L. FERNALD. (Continued from p. 226.) VERONICA ALPINA L., var. UNALASCENSIS C. & S. Wet quartzite rocks and gravel along brook, Southwest Gulch, Highlands of St. John, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 28,965, new to Newfoundland. See p. 124. ` V. numiFusA Dickson. Wet limestone barrens, slopes and cliffs, general on the West Coast. Evrurasia. The collections of the past two seasons render a complete revision of the American species necessary. This cannot now be presented. BARTSIA ALPINA L. Damp turf or peaty limestone barrens or talus from Pistolet Bay westward to Half-way Brook; new to New- foundland. See pp. 105, 106 PEDICULARIS FLAMMEA L. Wet hollows in gravelly limestone barrens one mile back of Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 29,034; gravelly and peaty limestone barrens back of Big Brook, Fernald & Long, no. 29,035; limestone talus near Half-way Brook, Pease, Gris- 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 235 com, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,036; new to Newfoundland. See pp. 96, 98. P. PALUSTRIS L. Long known from the region of St. John’s; seen from the train in swales and sloughs southward to Petty Harbor. See p. 81. P. sytvatica L. Collected for the first time in America in 1911 by Fernald & Wiegand. Characteristic of peaty slopes and mossy woodland glades from Carbonear to St. John's and vicinity. See pp. 51, SI. UTRICULARIA GEMINISCAPA Benj. Shallow peaty pool back of strand, Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Fernald & Long, no. 29,042, northward extension from Bay of Islands. OROBANCHE (APHYLLON) terrae-novae, n. sp., O. unifloram simu- lans; calycibus campanulatis 0.7-1.3 em. longis extus pilosis, lobis anguste deltoideis acuminatis vel caudatis 4-8 mm. longis; corollis 1.7-2.5 em. longis arcuatis lacteis vel pallide lilacinis, laciniis oblongis valde ciliatis, ciliis 0.5 mm. longis; floribus inodoris.—NEWFOUND- LAND: gravelly shore of dead-water in Gander River, Glenwood, July 12 and 13, 1911, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 6212; springy places in ledges and gravel, north bank of Exploits River, Grand Falls, July 4, 1911, Fernald, Wiegand, Bartram & Darlington, no. 6211; under Picea canadensis, cool springy glade, interior of southern half of Burnt Cape, Pistolet Bay, August 5, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 29,051, swampy spruce (Picea canadensis) woods and thickets, Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, July 29, 1925, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,049 (TYPE in Gray Herb.); mossy glades in spruce woods, western slope of Bard Harbor Hill, August 26, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 29,053; mossy glades in spruce woods, north of Doctor Hill, St. John Bay, August 24, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 29,052; turfy slopes and steep banks, St. John’s Island, St. John Bay, July 31, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,050; boggy thickets back of Birchy Cove (Curling), July 7, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 4018; talus slope of the marble region between Mt. Musgave and Humber Mouth, July 18, 1910, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 4019; woods, Coal River, July 21, 1896, Waghorne; Log Cabin, Harry’s River, July 11, 1902, L. L. Dame. Orobanche terrae-novae is perhaps merely a geographic variety, but all Newfoundland material, in good flower, has the oblong segments of the corolla with much longer ciliation than in the continental O. uniflora L., in which the segments are broader and usually obovate. O. uniflora has deliciously fragrant flowers, O. terrae-novae odorless, and the calyx of the latter is more copiously pilose than in the former. In O. terrae-novae the lower lip has 2 linear yellow lines at the throat; whether they occur in O. uniflora cannot at present be stated. In his very detailed Monographie der Gattung Orobanche, Beck von 236 Rhodora [DECEMBER Mannagetta recognizes only two members of the section Aphyllon. The herbarium-material indicates that the section is much more complex, and certainly the species of Pacific North America with linear-subulate or setaceous calyx-segments and purple-violet corol- las is quite distinct from the eastern O. uniflora. The western plant is OROBANCHE (APHYLLON) Sedi (Suksd.), n. comb. Aphyllon Sedi Suksd. Deutsch. Bot. Monatss. xviii. 155 (1900). 4. uniflorum, var. occidentale Greene, Man. Bay Reg. 285 (1894). Thalesia purpurea Heller, Bull. Torr. Bot. Cl. xxiv. 313, t. 310 (1897), not O. purpurea Jacq. (1762). A. minutum Suksd. 1. c. (1900). not O. minuta Beck von Man. (1890). Thalesia minuta (Suksd.) Rydb. Bull. Torr. Bot. CI. xxxvi. 692 (1909). GALIUM SAXATILE L. Stony margins of spring-rills by roadside in peaty barrens and about cold spring-head at border of spruce thicket in bog-barrens, Trepassey, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, nos. 27,085, 27,086, its first stations in America. See p. 83. GALIUM BRANDEGEI Gray. Springy slopes and brooksides at head of Mauve Bay, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,070, new to Newfoundland. See p. 123. MrrcHELLA REPENS L. Border of wet spruce thicket among gneiss hills, very rare, Port aux Basques, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 27,097, the first authenticated record from Newfoundland. See p. 56. EUPATORIUM MACULATUM L., var. FoLrosuM (Fern. Wieg. Meadow below calcareous sandstone escarpments, western face of Bard Harbor Hill and meadow by brook, Bard Harbor, St. John Bay, Fernald & Long, no. 29,093, Wiegand & Gilbert, no. 29,094, an extension north from Harry’s River. See p. 124. SOLIDAGO LEPIDA DC. Meadow below limestone escarpment, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 29,117, 29,118, the second station for the typical form of the species. See p. 124. S. GRAMINIFOLIA (L.) Salisb., var. NUTTALLII (Greene) Fern. Dry gravelly slopes near Goose Pond, Whitbourne, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 27,129. Previously known only from Clarenville. ERIGERON Acris L., var. arcuans, n. nom. E. alpinus B. Hook. FI. Bor.-Am. ii. 18 (1834). E. acris, var. debilis Gray, Syn. Fl. i. pt. 2: 220 (1884) as to Labrador and Hudson Bay plants only. Æ. elatus Greene, Pittonia, iii. 164 (1897), not E. alpinus y elata Hook. l. c. E. aeris, var. oligocephalus Fernald & Wiegand, RHoDoRA, xii. 226 (1910), in large part, but not as to type. When E. acris, var. oligocephalus was described two quite different plants were confused under it. 'The type from Blane Sablon has much larger heads than the others and later collections from the Newfoundland side of the Straits of Belle Isle show it to be specifically separable from the smaller-headed plant which Hooker called Æ. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 237 alpinus B. and which Greene well described as E. elatus. The latter name is quite inappropriate and, as was shown in the original dis- cussion of E. acris, var. oligocephalus, Greene was in error in identify- ing his plant with E. alpinus, Y elata Hook. The type.of E. acris, var. oligocephalus belongs, according to Dr. Ostenfeld and Mr. Erling Porsild who have independently been over the Newfoundland collections of 1925 with me, to E. 8oREALIS (Vierh.) Simmons, Acta Univ. Lund., n. s. ix. no. 19: 127 (1913). Outside of Greenland Æ. borealis is known in America only from LABRADOR: limestone and calcareous sandstone terraces, Blanc Sablon, Fernald & Wiegand, no. 4138 (type of E. acris, var. oligocephalus). NEWFOUNDLAND: Quirpon Harbor, September 8, 1923, A. G. Huntsman; slaty cliffs and talus, Cape Raven, August 12, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,139. See pp. 54, 123. ANTENNARIA EUCOSMA Fern. & Wieg. Dominant on turfy lime- stone barrens and slopes from Pistolet Bay westward to Four-Mile Cove; previously known only from Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay and from Cape St. George. See pp. 98, 105. A. CANA (Fern. & Wieg.) Fern. Dominant on gravelly limestone barrens, Pistolet Bay to Ingornachoix Bay, and more locally to Bay St. George. See pp. 62, 96, 103, 105. A. VEXILLIFERA Fern. Turfy limestone barrens, Cook Point, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 29,171; dry mixed gravel on crest southeast of Boat Harbor, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 29,172. Previously known only from the Shickshock Mts. See pp. 105, 107. ANTENNARIA Longii n. sp., humifusa, stolonibus foliosis confertis perbrevibus (ad 1 em. longis); foliis basilaribus late spathulatis vel anguste cuneato-obovatis apice rotundatis vix mucronatis 5-11 mm. longis 2.5-4 mm. latis supra albidis, tomento denso minuto; caule florifero 1-6 rarissime deinde —9 cm. alto; foliis caulinis 4-8 subdistantibus, imis oblanceolatis obtusis, mediis linearibus 0.7-1.5 cm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis subulato-mucronatis, superioribus 1—4 apice scarioso oblongo-lanceolato 1.5-2 mm. longo munitis; capitulis femineis 1-6 corymbosis turbinato-campanulatis; involucro 7-10 mm. alto basi lanato; bracteis 2-3-seriatis subaequalibus tenuissimis, exterioribus oblongis basi castaneis apice sordidis squarrosisque, interioribus fulvis oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis adscendentibus; corolla 4—4.5 mm. longa; stylo flavescenti deinde brunneo; planta mascula ignota.—Straits of Belle Isle, NEWFOUNDLAND: dry lime- stone gravel, Schooner (or Brady) Island, Pistolet Bay, July 18, 1925, Pease & Long, no. 29,177 (TYPE in Gray Herb.); dry limestone rock-barrens, Boat Harbor, July 19, 1925, Fernald, W iegand & Long, no. 29,178; gravelly limestone barren, Four-Mile Cove, July 20, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 29,179; dry gravel of limestone 238 Rhodora [DECEMBER barrens, Cape Norman, August 13, 1925, Wiegand & Long, nos. 29,180, 29,181. A. Longii is nearest related to A. vexillifera Fernald, but is at once distinguished by its larger heads; broader involucral bracts, the outer series with strongly squarrose tips; and the few appendaged cauline leaves. A. vexillifera, originally described from the Shickshock Mts. of Gaspé but now known from northwestern Newfoundland as well, has the fulvous hemispheric-campanulate involucre only 6-7 mm. long; its uniformly ascending bracts narrower than in A. Longii; and all but the lowest cauline leaves tipped by a long scarious ap- pendage. See p. 106. A. STRAMINEA Fern. Local on the West Coast, previously known northward to Pointe Riche. Our recent collections are: dry lime- stone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,168; turfy crests of lime- stone barrens, Shoal Cove, Pease & Griscom, no. 29,176; dry gravelly limestone barren, Savage Point, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,175; open spots in limestone barrens near Ice Point, St. Barbe Bay, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,167; dry limestone barrens, Brig Bay, Fernald, Long & Dunbar, no. 27,187; dry gravelly limestone barrens, St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert, & Hotchkiss, no. 29,170. See pp. 79, 97, 105. A. ALBICANS Fern. Very local on the West Coast, previously known only fron Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay. The new stations are: dry limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,164; dry limestone gravel, Schooner (Brady) Island, Pease & Long, no. 29,166; dry gravel of limestone barren, Cook Point, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 29,165; dry limestone gravel near Ice Point, St. Barbe Bay, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,161. See pp. 97, 105. ANTENNARIA Wiegandii, n. sp., humifusa, stolonibus foliosis (ad 2 cm. longis); foliis basilaribus anguste cuneato-obovatis apice obtusis mucronatis 6-13 mm. longis 2-4 mm. latis supra viridibus sparse arachnoideis vel glabratis; caule florifero 5-13 cm. alto gracili; folis caulinis 7-10, imis confertis lineari-oblanceolatis mucronatis, mediis linearibus 7-10 mm. longis 1-1.5 mm. latis apice unguiculato- subulatis, superioribus 4-6 apice scarioso lanceolato 2-3 mm. longo munitis; capitulis femineis 2-4 corymbosis hemisphaerico-campanulatis basi rotundatis; involuero 6 mm. alto basi lanato; bracteis 2-3- seriatis, exterioribus anguste oblongis obtusis adscendentibus basi castaneis apice fulvis, interioribus lanceolatis fulvis; corolla 4.5 mm. longis apice purpurascentibus; acheaniis 1.2 mm. longis; planta mascula ignota.—NEWFOUNDLAND: turfy limestone barrens, St. John's Island, St. John Bay, July 31, 1925, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,153. 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 239 A. Wiegandii is the nearest approach yet found south of northern Labrador to the arctic A. alpina (L.) Gaertn. In the distinctly mucronate basal leaves it is very similar to A. alpina, all the other small-leaved species of Newfoundland and Gaspé having blunt basal leaves. A. alpina, however, has much narrower and more elongate rosette-leaves which are narrowed to tip; the upper cauline leaves have broader appendages; the corymb, except in var. ungavensis, is denser; the heads are larger (involucre 7-9 mm. high); and the achenes are longer (1.3-1.5 mm. long). In the green upper surfaces of the basal leaves A. Wiegandii re- sembles A. spathulata Fernald, but it is at once distinguished by the smaller leaves with less rounded, but more mucronate tips; more crowded and assurgent stolons; looser inflorescence, with smaller heads (involucres of A. spathulata 7-10 mm. high) with much narrower and darker involucral bracts, and shorter corollas and achenes (in A. spathulata the corollas 5.5-6 mm. long, the achenes 1.4-1.7 mm. long). A. SPATHULATA Fern. Turfy limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,182; turfy slopes and steep banks bordering lime- stone barrens, St. John's Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,183; northern extension from Pointe Riche. See p. 105. A. SPATHULATA, var. CONTINENTIS Fern. & St. John. Turfy limestone barrens, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,184; previously known only from Natashquan, Saguenay Co., Quebec, See p. 105. ANAPHALIS MARGARITACEA (L.) B. & H., var. SUBALPINA Gray. Gravelly bank near sea, Cape Onion, Fernald, no. 29,186, a northern extension from Bonne Bay; the solitary colony locally famous as a curiosity. GNAPHALIUM NORVEGICUM Gunn. Wet quartzite rocks and seepy banks in gulches of Highlands of St. John: Deer Pond Brook, Fernald & Long, nos. 29,187, 29,189; Southwest Gulch, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,190. Turfy barrens and slopes, Sacred Island, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchlkiss, no. 29,188. New to Newfoundland. See pp. 116, 122. TANACETUM HURONENSE Nutt., var. TERRAE-NOVAE Fern. Domin- ant on turfy or gravelly limestone barrens and slopes from Pistolet Bay to Ingornachoix Bay. See pp. 54, 80, 100. ARTEMISIA BOREALIS Pall. Dry gravelly limestone barrens, St. John's Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,203; previously known in Newfoundland only from Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay and from Cape St. George. See p. 118. 240 Rhodora [DECEMBER ARNICA TERRAE-NOVAE Fern. Turfy limestone barrens, Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,209, Fernald & Long, no. 29,210 14; turfy limestone barrens, Cook Point, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 29,214; peaty and bushy areas on limestone barrens one mile back of Savage Cove, Fernald & Long, no. 29,207, Fernald, Pease & Long, no. 29,208; previously known only from Cape St. George. See pp. 96, 103, 105. A. PULCHELLA Fern. Turfy limestone barrens, Cape Norman, Wiegand, Griscom & Hotchkiss, no. 29,213; mossy talus of diorite cliffs, Ha-Ha Mountain, Fernald & Long, no. 29,215; previously known only from Table Mt., Port-à-Port Bay. See pp. 96, 106, 120. A. CHIONOPAPPA Fern. Turfy limestone barrens, Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,209 14, Fernald & Long, no. 29,210; turfy limestone barrens, St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,211; dry white limestone bluff opposite western escarpment of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, no. 29,212; previously known in Newfoundland only from Table Mt., Port-à- Port Bay and from Cape St. George. See pp. 96, 103, 118. A. Griscomi Fern. Crests of turfy slopes and steep banks border- ing limestone barrens, St. John’s Island, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,216; previously known only from the Shickshock Mts., Gaspé. See p. 118. SENECIO PAUCIFLORUS Pursh. Turfy slopes of slaty hills, Little Quirpon, Wiegand, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,218; peaty and turfy brookside east of the central valley of Quirpon Island, Fernald & Long, no. 29,219; slaty cliffs and talus, Cape Raven, Fernald, Wiegand, Long, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,221; mossy brookside, Sacred Island, Fernald & Long, no. 29,220; calcareous cliffs and talus, western faces of Doctor Hill and Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, Fernald & Long, nos. 29,222, 29,223; the first authenticated records from Newfoundland. See pp. 121, 125. Taraxacum. The indigenous species of Taraxacum are very numerous in the ancient flora of unglaciated northwestern Newfound- land. Some, like T.LAPPONICUM Kihlm. (p. 60) and T. cERATOPHORUM (Ledeb.) DC. (p. 76), are well known circumpolar species; others, like T. LACERUM Greene (p. 60) and T. DUMETORUM Greene are species previously known only from the Rocky Mts.; T. nATriLoBuM DC. (p. 80) is endemic; and several others are apparently local endemics. A series is being studied by Dr. Handel-Mazzetti and a detailed report upon them cannot yet be given. Lactuca (MULGEDIUM) terrae-novae n. sp., biennis, caule erecto glabro robusto simplici 1 m. alto; foliis glabris runienato-pinnatifidis elliptico-ovatis, mediis 1.5-2 dm. longis 1-1.2 dm. latis acuminatis lobis oblique ovatis horizontaliter divergentibus grosse dentatis, 1926] Fernald,—Botanizing in Newfoundland 241 superioribus apice caudatis; capitulis racemoso-paniculatis; involucris urceolato-campanulatis valde calyculatis 1.2-1.5 em. altis, bracteis exterioribus ovatis acutis interioribus lanceolatis obtusis apice arcua- tis; corollis coerulescentibus deinde purpurascentibus; achaeniis oblique lanceolato-oblongis rufescentibus 5-6 mm. longis 1-1.4 mm. latis in rostrum firmum 1 mm. longum attenuatis; pappo niveo.— NEWFOUNDLAND: meadow below limestone escarpment, western face of Bard Harbor Hill, Highlands of St. John, August 21, 1925, Fernald & Long, no. 29,290. Lactuca terrae-novae is known from only a single plant. When Mr. Long and I found it we took three specimens, but upon maturing in press two of them prove to be typical L. spicata (Lam.) Hitch., which is frequent in western Newfoundland; but the third specimen departs at once from the others in its white pappus, orange-brown or reddish unmottled achenes and definite slender but firm beak; L. spicata having sordid pappus, grayish-brown to blackish con- spieuously mottled achenes and stouter neck. It may prove, when the new plant is better known, that it is an extreme of L. spicata. If so, the characters of pappus and beak, which have so long proved constant in the genus will have most singularly lost their constancy. No species of Lactuca other than these two are known in Newfound- land; L. terrae-novae cannot, therefore, be considered a hybrid. See p. 124. CnEPIS NANA Richardson. Dry limestone barrens, very scarce, northern half of Burnt Cape, Fernald, Wiegand, Pease, Long, Griscom, Gilbert & Hotchkiss, no. 29,278; previously known in eastern America only from the Torngat region of northern Labrador. See pp. 103, 104. HIERACIUM GROENLANDICUM Almq. Thicket by Big Brook, Fernald & Long, no. 29,267; thickets on slaty hills back of Little Quirpon, Fernald & Gilbert, no. 29,268; also noted (immature) on Burnt Cape; the mature plant from Little Quirpon is a close match for authentic Greenland material. See pp. 99, 121. H. CANADENSE Michx., var. HIRTIRAMEUM Fern. Glades near brook, Bear Cove, Wiegand & Pease, no. 29,275; glades in spruce thickets bordering limestone barrens, Yankee Point, Fernald, Wiegand & Long, no. 29,270; northward extension from Port-à-Port Bay and the Exploits Valley. 242 Rhodora [DECEMBER MR. TAYLOR VS. “GRIER’S NOTES ON THE FLORA OF LONG ISLAND.” N. M. GRIER. THE title refers to certain publications of the writer (1-3 in append- ed bibliography), and their criticism by Taylor (4and 6). In connec- tion with these the review of Skutch (5), will be of interest to bota- nists desiring to make use of the varied plant resources of the vicinity of the Biological Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y. A list of addenda et corrigenda will be issued to the latter article referred to (3) as opportunity permits. The basis of these plant lists consists of records made by botanists working at the Biological Laboratory over many years. I am unaquainted with Mr. Taylor personally but if he had written me, I might have saved him the arduous task of “needlessly checking through hundreds of such records on the off chance that some wheat might turn up among the chaff." (Remarks in quotation are those of Mr. Taylor.) I could have reminded him that the papers (1, 2) were especially designed for that purpose. It is true that one article listed several species known so far only in cultivation from Long Island, but the majority of such species are listed by Gray as falling within the region covered by that manual. It therefore seemed a contribu- tion to our knowledge of the plant life of the island to indicate their presence there, if only for the convenient tracing of changes in the plant life in future years, as species may become naturalized or dis- appear. Long Island is of interest because it most probably has a larger proportion of introduced plants for its area than any other region in the country. As it is, at least two of the species to whose inclusion in my lists Mr. Taylor objects as growing only under culti- vation, have escaped in the immediate vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor. They are Paulownia tomentosa and Centaurea cyanus. It is certain that by diligent inquiry, Mr. Taylor can locate others. Is it possible that Mr. Taylor is not interested in such records? Is one to infer that Long Island can no longer offer encouragement to field workers? The next article (2), which Mr. Taylor neither approves nor speci- fically criticizes contains records of Cryptogams exclusive of Pterido- phyta, groups of plant life in which he does not seem to be interested. Here, however, I wish to acknowledge the courteous criticisms of 1926] Grier,—Notes on Flora of Long Island 243 Dr. A. J. Grout who wrote to me that he had already listed certain mosses I had recorded in this article as being previously unknown to the Cold Spring Harbor region. This has been the only direct criti- cism I have received on these two papers. The last contribution has seemed of value to other botanists because it puts on record certain species now inhabiting the island which will tend to disappear with the expansion of the New York City district. The rest of Mr. Taylor’s complaints are directed toward the com- pilation reprinted for practical reasons under the general title of “Native Flora of the Vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor, N. Y.” (3). This title is open to serious objection on the part of some because according to a later note by Taylor (6), only 1802 of the 1865 living species given are native, the rest being introduced, naturalized, or non est inventus! However, the true status of most of these had been brought out previously (1), and qualified by the statement in (3), p. 12-24 that to the list were added some plants frequently encountered on the field excursions of the botanical classes. All except one of these species are included in Gray’s Manual, and their inclusion re- presents special consideration for botanists interested in the Flora of Long Island for other than floristic or geographical reasons. Mr. Taylor further objects to the title by endeavoring to make some of the localities appear much farther from Cold Spring Harbor than they really are. However, enthusiastic and accurate students of the flora. will under the summer conditions of transportation be able to explore any of the localities given in the list and return in a day, as the records included lie well within a 25-mile radius. Mr. Taylor himself stretches the word “ vicinity” a great deal farther than this when he lists plants from Philadelphia in his Flora of the Vicinity of New York. Vitis-Idaea Vitis-Idaea (L.) Britton, a species which Mr. Taylor for some reason transposed to Vaccinium in his review, is known in cultivation on at least three estates comparatively near Bayville, L. I. Since it is also known that birds eat the fruit, this fact may explain my finding it growing wild. Hence there was no occasion for getting excited over the “find” any more than was the case when the crowberry, Empetrum nigrum, was found in cultivation at some of these places previous to 1924. Fossil plants from Staten Island were included in the list because further search on Long Island will in fair probability uncover most of the same species there, and such a probability has its interest for students of the fossil flora. This fact 244 l Rhodora [DECEMBER should have been explicitly stated in the publication as it was in the case of other plant species included for similar reasons, but it was felt that the inference would be clear to those familiar with the geology of Long Island. Taylor (6) further cites 38 native American species in the list not definitely known from Long Island, according to his impressions. Since he does not qualify his statement by saying that these species are found there in cultivation only, the following should be considered with this point in view. Some of these species were copied into the “Native Flora” from Jelliffe’s Flora of Long Island with or without additional confirmation by the writer, namely: Thuja occidentalis, Sparganium simplex, Sagittaria rigida, Carex laxiflora, Carex sterilis, Juncoides carolinae (Jelliffe seems to have confused this with J. pilosum), Myrica cerifera, Betula nigra, Ribes triste(possibly confused by Jelliffe with R. rubrum), Rubus odoratus, Acer negundo, Acer penn- sylvanicum, Viola blanda, Viola labradorica, Aralia spinosa, Thaspium trifoliatum, Chionanthus virginica. In absence of supporting speci- mens I will gladly inform Mr. Taylor where many of these plants may be found, and he may consider the possibility of their escape from cultivation. The authenticity of other of these records is best taken up with Dr. Jelliffe. Other species were copied into the Native Flora from a check list of the Cold Spring Harbor Flora kept at the Department of Genetics, Carnegie Institution of Washington. These are Carex Asa-Grayi, Carex interior, Salix petiolaris, Amelanchier spicata. Potentilla Rob- binsiana instead of P. pumila was erroneously given from this region. Ibidium praecox was collected by Professor Johnston, presumably near Cold Spring Harbor according to a record found here. Aster Herveyi is also checked on the list of the Station, verifying our record of it. Trillium grandiflorum, Rhododendron maximum, and Cornus stoloni- fera are found in cultivation in the vicinity but only the latter was so indicated in the Native Flora. Quercus phellos whose presence on Long Island Mr. Taylor doubts, is listed by Britton and Brown from there, and is in cultivation at least on the Matheson estate, Lloyd Neck. Our record of Quercus ellipsoidalis from Bayville, which is not approved by Mr. Taylor is of interest because Britton and Brown tend to regard it as a hybrid between Q. velutina and Q. coccinea, both of these species being found in the adjacent region. Unfortunately, the accidental destruction of specimens used in 1926] Grier,—Notes on Flora of Long Island 245 identifying the following plants leaves that point unsettled until future verification is possible, in the case of the following species; Xanthoxalis grandis, Peramium ophioides, Potamogeton alpinus, Panicum Wilcoxianum, Alsine borealis, Carex tenuiflora, Scirpus syl- vaticus, Chamaesyce humistrata, Galium trifidum pusillum, Heliopsis scabra, and Millegrana radiola. The impressions concerning the majority of these are positive however, as they had the verification of other botanists and their presence was otherwise substantiated by the reported distribution of the species. Some are undoubtedly waifs for whose reception Long Island seems well adapted, while in others there is the possibility of mistaken identification under the circum- stances. Chamaecyparis thyoides from the White Cedar Swamp at Merrick was inadvertently confused with Thuja occidentalis, in one of the lists, a fact however which would lead no worker astray who consulted the bibliography given with the paper. As an aid to the very evident purposes my papers have endeavored to serve, I have welcomed certain of Mr. Taylor’s remarks, and especi- ally his last (6). On the whole however, he has shown a tendency to turn the wholesome flow of his criticism into a devastating flood from which I have been only saved by the life preserving facts cited! DARTMOUTH COLLEGE. 1. Grier, N. M. Unreported Plants from Long Island. I. Pteri- dophyta and Spermatophyta. Torreya 24: 71-76. 2. ———— Unreported Plants from Long Island. II. Crypto- gams Exclusive of Pteridophyta. Torreya 25: 5-10; 29-35. 3. ———— The Native Flora of the Vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor, L. I., N. Y., Amer. Mid. Nat. 9: Nov., Jan., May, July, Sept. 1924-25. 4. Taylor, N. Grier's Notes on the Flora of Long Island. Rho- dora 27: 213-15. 5. Skutch, A. F. The Native Flora of the Vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor, L. L, N. Y. Torreya 26: 37-38. A review. 6. Taylor, N. Notes and Corrections on N. M. Grier's Native Flora of the Vicinity of Cold Spring Harbor, L. I. A mimeographed list issued in July 1926 from the Brooklyn Botanic Garden. 246 Rhodora [DECEMBER HIERACIUM CANADENSE, VAR. HIRTIRAMEUM IN NORTHERN Micui- GAN.— The occurrence of Hieracium canadense Michx., var. hirtira- meum Fernald upon Isle Royale, Michigan, may be reported. It was there collected by S. C. Stuntz & C. E. Allen, August 8, 1901. It is represented by one sheet in the herbarium of the University of Wis- consin, which departs from the description of this variety in having the branches of the inflorescence sparsely long-hirsute instead of copiously so. "The plant is 8 dm. tall, and does not show the aberrant development described in Ruopora xvii. 20 (1915). Another speci- men taken in this region by the same collectors is typical H. canadense. For a discussion of the occurrence on Isle Royale of plants centering otherwise about the Gulf of St. Lawrence, see Fernald, Mem. Am. Acad. Arts & Sci. xv. no. 3: 317 (1925).—N. C. Fassett, University of Wisconsin. Vol. 28, no. 335, including pages 209 to 232, was issued 20 December, 1926. ERRATA Page 21,line 8 from bottom, for aluvium read alluvium “ — 86, “ 22, for pyromidata read pyramidata “ 38, “ 2, for Dumont read Dumort " — 50, ' 30, for pro- read de- " — 60, “ 18, for disjunsta read disjuncta “ 62, “ 3, for simpliuscula read simpliciuscula * — 70, “ 29,for PLANYS read PLANTS " — 85, “ 29, for Schreck read Schrenck “ 106, ‘ 22, for Ostenfield read Ostenfeld * A 139, lines 19-34 for Herman read Hermann * 146, line 29, for ecxeeding read exceeding “ 147, “ 31, for languine read lanugine “ 151, “ 24, for presision read precision “ 156, “ 5,for up-carving read up-curving September cover, line 4 of contents, for Lcopodium read Lygodium Page 168, line 27, for aberrent read aberrant | * 90, “ 12, for MYRYILLIFOLIA read MYRTILLIFOLIA * 191, “ 10, for Urrica read URTICA * 205, last line, for Ablert read Albert 1926] Index 247 - INDEX TO VOLUME 28. New scientific names are printed in full-face type. Abies balsamea, 43, 45, var. phane- rolepis, 43-45 Acarosporaceae, 226 Acer Negundo, 233, 244; pennsyl- vanicum, 233, 244; rubrum, 71, 233; saccharinum, 39, 111, 112, 179, 233, 234; saccharum, 111, 112, 179, 233; sacchatum, 234; spicatum, 216 Achillea Millefolium, var. nigres- cens, 60 Acrostichum platyneuron, 143; polypodioides, 143 Agrimonia mollis, 179, 180; in Berkshire Co., Massachusetts, 179 Agrostis alba vulgaris, 74; canina, 50, 56, 81, 85, 161; hyemalis, 82; melaleuca, 63, 109, 161; paludosa, 118, 161 Aira, 143; alpicola, 155; altissima, 153; ambigua, 154; aristulata, 154; cespitosa, 153, 154, b. altis- sima, 153, e. firmula, 153, var. genuina, 153, 8. glauca, 154, var. B. littoralis, 155, var. minor, 154, B. virescens, 153; littoralis, 155; parviflora, 153 Alchemilla vulgaris, var. filicaulis, 121, var. vestita, 54, 124, 214 Alectoria bicolor, 231; chalybei- formis, 231; divergens, 231; jub- ata, var. implexa, 231; nigricans, 231; ochroleuca, 231; sarmentosa, 231 Alexanders, 63 Allium Schoenoprasum, var. laur- entianum, 167, var. sibiricum, 62, 63, 167; sibiricum, 167 Alnus incana, 39 Alopecurus aequalis, 127, 162, var. natans, 107, 162 Alpine Bearberry, 98 Alsine borealis, 245; media, 70 Alsyke, 71 Amarantha Pigweed, 73 Amaranthaceae, 73 Amaranthus retroflexus, 73 Ambrosia artemisiaefolia, 72 Amelanchier Bartramiana, 232; in- termedia, 232; laevis, 232; spicata 244; stolonifera, 84 American Aspen, 73; Elm, 73; Sugar Maple, 233, 234 Ammophila breviligulata, 80, 162 Anabaena, 3; macrospora, var. dis- torta, 2 Anacardiaceae, 71 Anaphalis margaritacea, var. sub- alpina, 239 Andropogon scoparius, var. fre- quens, 38 Anemone multifida, var. hudsoni- ana, 125, 201; parviflora, 60, 75 Angelica, 117; ampla, 117, 222; atropurpurea, 222, 223; laurenti- ana, 222 Antennaria, 96, 103, 106, 118; albi- cans, 50, 97, 105, 213, 238; alpina, 62, 106, 239, var. ungavensis, 239; cana, 62, 96, 103, 105, 237; eucosma 98, 100, 105, 213, 237; Longii, 237, 238; spathulata, 105, 239, var. continentis, 105, 213, 239; stra- minea, 79, 97, 105, 238; vexilli- fera, 105, 107, 237, 238; Wie- gandii, 238, 239 Anthelaea (sect. of Luzula), 138 Aphyllon (sect. of Orobanche), 236 Aphyllon minutum, 236; Sedi, 236; uniflorum, var. occidentale, 236 Apple, 71 AE of Old Botanical Names Arabis alpina, 60, 104, 116, 146; Drummondi, 124, 202, var. con- nexa, 123, 202 Aralia spinosa, 244 Arbutus, 51; alpina, 51, 52; Unedo, 51, 53, 55, 84 Arctic Cress, 91 Arctium lappa, 72; minus, 40 Arctophila, 150 Arctostaphylos alpina, 52, 56, 59, 99; rubra, 99, 213, 223 Arenaria cylindrocarpa, 79, 199, 213; dawsonensis, 62, 199; litorea, 199; peploides, 63, var. diffusa, 54, 100, var. robusta, 100 Arnica, 96, 213; chionopappa, 96, 103, 118, 240; Griscomi, 118, 240; pulchella, 50, 96, 106, 120, 240; terrae-novae, 96, 103, 105, 240 Arisaema triphyllum, 34 248 Rhodora Artemisia borealis, 118, 239 Arthonia punctiformis, 159 Arthoniaceae, 159 Ash, Mountain, 72 Asparagus, 73; officinalis, 73 Aspen American, 73; Large- toothed, 73 Asphodel, Bog, 75 Asplenium, 101; Ruta-muraria, 131; viride, 99, 117, 148 Aster Collinsii, 210; ericoides, 65; Herveyi, 244; multiflorus, 40, 65; novae-angliae, 40, var. roseus, 40; novi-belgii, 112, Rayless, 112; puniceus, 40, 124, var. oligo- cephalus, 124; radula, 82; scabro- sus, 210; tortifolius, 210; trades- canti, 72 Aster, White, 72 Astragalus alpinus, 104, 121, 213, 215; Blakei, 117, 216; eucosmus, 104, 213, 215, f. albinus, 215, var. facinorum, 215; stragulus, 214, 215; yukonis, 106, 215 ro subgenus Homalobus, 14 Athyrium alpestre, var. ameri- canum, 117, 148 Atriplex glabriuscula, 63; patula, var. hastata, 37 Atropis, 150, 151 Avena sativa, 74 Avicularia (sect. of Polygonum), 145 Bacidia incompta, 160; leucampyx, 160; luteola, 160; rubella, 160 Baeomyces aeruginosus, 229; bys- soides, 161; placophyllus, 161; roseus, 205; rufus, 161 Barbarea orthoceras, 121, 201 se “vs paniculata, var. iodandra, 4 Bartsia, 106; alpina, 105, 234 Bean, Bog, 62 Bean, R. C. Fifth Report of Com- mittee on Floral Areas, 43 Bearberry, Alpine, 98 Bedstraw, Heath, 83 Beech, 34 Beggar-ticks, 72 Betula alba, 73; Michauxii, 121; microphylla, 79; nigra, 244; pu- mila, 191, var. renifolia, 190, 191 Betulaceae, 73 Biatora Berengeriana, 159; granu- losa, 159; hypnophila, 160; leu- campyx, 160; ochrophaea, 229; peliaspis, 159; vernalis, 159 [DECEMBER Biatorella privigna, 226 Biatornia grossa, 160; premnea, 160 Bidens frondosa, 72 . Bilimbia sabuletorum, 160; sphae- roides, 160 Birch, White, 73 Bitter Dock, 73 Bittersweet, 72 Blackberry, 71, 76, 80, 83; English, 84 80, Blake, S. F. Sericocarpus bifolia- tus an Invalid Name, 209; Zinnia vs. Crassina, 40 ve Cote. 75; Bean, 62; Rush, Boltonia asteroides, 40 Borgesen, F. Regarding an Un- authorized Publication on the oe of the Virgin Islands, 6 Botanizing in Newfoundland, Two Summers of, 49, 74, 89, 115, 145, 161, 181, 210, 234 Botrychium lanceolatum, 122, 148; Lunaria, 59, 119, 148, var. onondagense, 119, 148; matri- cariaefolium, 122, 148; virginia- num, var. laurentianum, 78 Brassica, 88 Braya, 77, 106, 107; alpina, 96, 8. americana, 96, 203, 204; ameri- cana, 203, 213; Longii, 202, 203; purpurascens, 94, 202, 203; Rich- ardsonii, 107, 204; rosea, 203; siliquosa, 96, 204 Bromus ciliatus, 20, f. denudatus, 20, var. denudatus, 20; tecto- rum, 38 Buckthorn, 71 Buellia geographica, 161; myrio- carpa, 161; parasema, 160 Bulbiferous Form of Luzula multi- flora, The, 133 Burdock, 72 Burke County, North Carolina, Parthenium auriculatum in, 208 Bursa Bursa-pastoris, 70 Bushy Goldenrod, 72 Butters, F. K. Notes on the Range of Maianthemum canadense and its Variety interius, 9 Butterwort, 75 Cakile edentula, 63 Calamagrostis Pickeringii, 162, var. debilis, 162 Callitriche autumnalis, 216; her- maphroditica, 127, 216; hetero- phylla, 39, 120, 216 1926] Index Calluna, 51-53, 87; atlantica, 52, 55; vulgaris, 51, 52, 55, 82, 83 Calothrix, 3; linearis, 3; parietina, 3 Caltha palustris, 53, 63 Calypso bulbosa, 125, 177 Campanula, 145; rotundifolia, 60 Candelariella vitellina, 231, var. aurella, 231 Cardamine pratensis, var. angusti- folia, 91, 201 Carduus crispus, 47 Carex, 61, 102, 108; aquatilis X salina, var. pseudofilipendula, 122, 166; alpina, 165; Asa-Grayi, 244; atrata, 165; atratiformis, 75, 104, 165; atratiformis X Halleri, 121, 164; aurea, 5; bicolor, 7, 76, 91, 105, 118, 164; bipartita, 121, 124, 163; brunnescens, 163, var. sphaerostachya, 163; brunnescens gracilior, 164; Candriani, 165; canescens, 38, var. sphaero- stachya, 163, var. vulgaris, 164; capitata, 98, 99, 163; chordorhiza, var. sphagnophila, 108, 163; concinna, 101, 102, 164, 213; Crawfordii, 127; Deweyana, 100, 163; eburnea, 164; glacialis, 62, 79, 103, 121, 164, 213; glareosa, 121, 163; Grayana, 5-8; Halleri, 121, 123, 165; Hostiana, var. laurentiana, 79, 166; incurva, 61, 108, 163; interior, 244; Lachenalii, 121, 163; laxiflora, 244; lenti- eularis, var. albi-montana, 124, 165; lepidocarpa, 118, 166; lepo- rina, 85; leptonervia, 121; limosa, &. C. livida, 6, 8; livida, 5-8, 102, 108, 164, var. Grayana, 8, var. radicalis, 7, 8, var. rufinae- formis, 8, 108, 164, var. typica, 8; Michauxiana, 232; micro- glochin, 53, 61, 79, 108, 118, 166; mirabilis, 74; misandroides, 50; muricata, 74, 85; novae-angliae, 85, 164; Oederi, 85, var. subglob- osa, 118, 119, 166; pedunculata, 164; projecta, 127; quirponensis 164, 165; rariflora, 56; remota, 51, 87; rigida, 56, 165; rufina, 7, 108; rupestris, 62, 164; salina, 165, var. pseudofilipendula, 166; sphaerostachya, 163; stellulata, 85; sterilis, 79, 163, 244; stylosa, 56, 110, 116, 121, 165; tenuiflora, 121, 122, 245; trisperma, var. Billingsii, 84, 163; umbellata, 84, 85, 164; vesicaria, var. Raeana, 249 Len 166; vitilis, 163, b. sylvatica, Caryophyllaceae, 70 Cassiope hypnoides, 124, 223 Catabrosa, 150; aquatica, 152 Cenomyce novangliae, 206 Centaurea cyanus, 242 Cephalanthus occidentalis, 39 Cerania vermicularis, 231 Cerastium, 106; alpinum, 106, 200, var. glanduliferum, 200, var. lanatum, 54, 98, 104, 200; Beeringianum, 60; cerastioides, 124, 200; Regelii, 106, 109, 200; viscosum, 70, 200 Cercis, 35 Cetraria ciliaris, 230; cuculata, 230; Fahlunensis, 230; fastigiata, 229; glauca, 230; hiascens, 230; island- ica, 229, var. crispa, 229, var. tenuifolia, 229; juniperina, var. pinastri, 230, var. terrestris, 230; nivalis, 230; pinastri, 230; saepincola, 230 Chamaecyparis thyoides, 43, 46, 245 Chamaesiphon, 1 Chamaesyce humistrata, 245 Changes in a Salt Marsh during Besa Further Notes on, Cheeses, 71 Chenopodiaceae, 73 See album, 73; hybridum, 3 Cherry, Fire, 82 Chickweed, 70; Mouse-ear, 70 China, Notes on a Collection of Fresh-water Myxophyceae from Amoy, 1 Chionanthus virginica, 244 Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum, 72 Churchill, J. R. A Further Note on Cimicifuga racemosa in Mas- sachusetts, 17 Cicuta bulbifera, 221 Cimicifuga racemosa, 17; in Mas- sachusetts, 17 Cinquefoil, White, 82 Cladonia alpestris, 205; apodocarpa, 225; bacillaris, var. elegantior, 205; bacilliformis, 225; botrytes, 225; cariosa, 206; cenotea, var. crossota, 206; cerasophora, 207; coccifera, 205, var. coronata, 205, var. pleurota, 205, var. Stemma- tina, 205; corallifera, var. trans- cendens, 205; cornucopioides, 205; cornuta, f. phyllotoca, 207; 250 Rhodora crispata, var. schistopoda, 206, var. subcrispata, 206, var. virgata, 206; cristatella, 206, var. Beau- voisii, 206, var. ramosa, 206, var. vestita, 206; cyanipes, var. Des- preauxii, 225; deformis, 205, f. gonechus, 206, var. elephantia- sica, 206; degenerans, 207; deli- cata, 206; digitata, 205; fimbriata, var. coniocraea, 207, var. radiata, 207, var. simplex, mod. major, 207, mod. minor, 207 ;foliacea, var. alcicornis, 225; furcata, var. scab- riuscula, 206; gracilis, var. chor- dalis, 207, mod. aspera, 207, mod. leucochlora, 207, var. dilacerata, 207, var. dilatata, 206, mod. anthocephala, 206, var. elongata, 206, 207; impexa, var. laxiuscula, 205; macilenta, var. styracella, 205; Novae-Angliae, 206; pityrea, var. Zwackii, mod. cladomorpha, 207; pyxidata, var. chlorophaea, 207, mod. costata, 207, f. prolifera 207, var. ne: lecta, 207, f. macro- phylla, 207, f. prolifera, 207; rangiferina, 205; rangiformis, var. pungens, 206; squamosa, var. muricella, 206; sub-squamosa, var. luxurians, 206, var. pulverulenta, 206; sulphurina, 206; sylvatica, var. sylvestris, 205; symphycar- pa, 206; turgida, 206, var. scyphi- fera, 206, var. stricta, 206; uncia- lis, m. dicraea, 206, mod. integer- rima, 206; verticillata, f. apoticta, 207. Cladoniaceae, 158, 161 Clark, H. S. Corydalis flavula in Connecticut, 68 Clavata (sect. of Lycopodium), 19 Clematis verticillaris, 68 Clover, Red, 71; White, 71 Coburn, L. H. Kate Furbish, Botanist; an Appreciation (re- view of), 36 Cochlearia, 98, 100, 118, 145; tridactylites, 53, 63 Cockerell, T. D. À. Lamium pur- pureum in Colorado, 112 Coeloglossum bracteatum, 169, 172, 174; viride, 170, var. bracteatum, 170, 172 Coelopleurum actaeifolium, 222 Coleanthus, 150 Collema flaccidum, 226; nigrescens, 226; plicatile, 226; pulposum, 226; rupestre, 226 Collemaceae, 226 [DECEMBER Colorado, Lamium purpureum in, 112 Comandra Richardsiana, 79, 91, 199 Complanata (sect. of Lycopodium), 19 Compositae, 72 Concerning Solidago humilis, 208 Conioselinum Benthami, 221; chi- nense, 221; Gmelini, 117, 221; pumilum, 221 Conium maculatum, 72 Connecticut, Corydalis flavula in, 68; Hedeoma hispida in, 46 Convallaria, 21, 57 Conyza, 209; asteroides, 209; bi- foliata, 209, 210; linifolia, 209; tortuosa, 209 Coral-root, 92 Corallorhiza, 125; ericetorum, 93, 176; Halleri, 92; innata, 93, var. ericetorum, 93; occidentalis, 93; trifida, 92, 93 Corema, 87 Corn, Indian, 74 Cornus stolonifera, 244 f Corydalis flavula, 68, in Connecti- cut, 68; sempervirens, 68 Cotton Grass, 61, 62, 82, 98 Cow Parsnip, 84 Cowslip, 63 Crassina, 40—42 Crepis nana, 103, 104, 213, 241 Cress, Arctic, 91 Cruciferae, 70 Cryptogramma Stelleri, 117, 125, 148 Cylindrospermum, 3 Cyperaceae, 74 Cyperus erythrorhizos, 67, a New Station for, 67 Cypripedium Calceolus, 95, 96, 169; parviflorum, 95, 96, 168, 169, var. planipetalum, 168, 169, var. pubescens, 168, 169 Cystopteris bulbifera, 127, 130, 146; Filix-fragilis, 130; fragilis, 129— 131, a new North American variety of, 129, var. canariensis, 130, var. laurentiana, 129, 130, var. sempervirens, 130; montana, 75, 146 Daisy Fleabane, 72 Dandelion, 60, 72 Danthonia, 81; spicata, 82 Deane, W. Further Notes on Changes in a Salt Marsh during Reclamation, 37; Suaeda mari- tima, A Correction, 156 1926] Delphinium, 70 Dermatocarpaceae, 159 Dermatocarpon miniatum, var. complicatum, 159 Deschampsia, 63, 143, 144; alpicola, 155; atropurpurea, 116, 161; cespitosa, 51, 152, 153, var. alpina, 155, var. glauca, 153-155, var. genuina, 153, var. littoralis, 153, 155, var. parviflora, 153; glauca, 154 Diapensia lapponica, 56 Dicentra Cucullaria, 68 Dock, 63; Bitter, 73 Dodge, C. W. Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula of Quebec, 157, 205, 225 Draba, 100, 118; arabisans, 117, 201; hirta, 90, 201; incana, 60, 79, 90, 201, var. confusa, 201; megasperma, 53, 90, 201; nivalis, 104, 121, 123, 201; pycnosperma, 125, 201; rupestris, 60, 90, 125, 146, 201 Drop-seed Grass, 74 Drosera anglica, 121 Dryas integrifolia, 62 Dryopteris austriaca, 147; spinu- losa, 147, subsp. dilatata, 147 Dumble d'Or, 60, 63 Dupontia, 150 Eames, E. H. Hedeoma hispida in Connecticut, 46; Pogonia affinis in Maine, 31 Echium vulgare, 47 Elatine minima, 86 Elm, American, 73 Embloch, 63 Empetrum Eamesii, 121; nigrum, 76, 82, 83, 243 Endocarpum miniatum, var. com- plicatum, 159 English Blackberry, 80, 84 Epigaea repens, 60 Epilobium, 60, 126; alpinum, 103, 219; anagallidifolium, 103, 219; angustifolium, var. intermedium, 217; Behringianum, 109, 219; boreale, 117, 218, 219; brevisty- lum, 123, 218, 219; davuricum, 100, 118, 121, 217; Drummondii, 99, 108, 218, 219; glandulosum, 79; Hornemanni, 109, 116; lacti- florum, 117, 122, 219: latifolium, 76, 104; leptocarpum, var. Ma- counii, 109, 218, 219; nesophilum, 85, 127, 217; palustre, var. labradoricum, 217, var. lapponi- 251 cum, 116, 217, var. mandjuricum, 80, 217; Pylaieanum, 84, 217; saximontanum, 126, 219; scalare, 218, 219; wyomingense, 60, 217, 219 Equisetum pratense, 125, 149; variegatum, 62 Eragrostis, 113; capitata, 114, 115; hypnoides, 113-115; pilosa, 74; reptans, 113-115; Tufted 74; Weigeltiana, 114 Erechtites hieracifolia, 72; megalo- carpa, 111, in Rhode Island, 111 Erigeron acris, var arcuans, 236, var. debilis, 236, var. oligocepha- lus, 236, 237; alpinus, 8., 236, 237, y elata, 236, 237; borealis, 54, 123, 237; elatus, 236, 237; ramo- sus, 72 Eriophorum, 98; callitrix, 98, 105, 162; Chamissonis, var. aquatile, 120, 162; opacum, 53, 62, 98, 162; Scheuchzeri, 61, 109, 162; virgin- icum, 82 Erucastrum Pollichii, 88, in Maine, Erysimum, 143 Euhelianthemum (sect. of Heli- anthemum), 143 Eupatorium leucolepis, 88; macula- tum, var. foliosum, 124, 236 Euphrasia, 49, 50, 96, 118, 145, 234; americana, 80; arctica, 54, 60; disjuncta, 60; Oakesii, 60, 131, in Hamilton Inlet, Labrador, 131; Williamsii, 122 European Larch, 44 Euthamia graminifolia, 72 Fassett, N. C. Hieracium cana- dense, var. hirtirameum in North- ern Michigan, 246 Fern, Cinnamon, 82 Fernald, M. L. Bromus ciliatus, var. denudatus, 20; Carex livida and Carex Grayana, 5; Kate Furbish, Botanist (review), 36; The Ragged Orchis of Newfound- land, 21; Two Summers of Botanizing in Newfoundland, 49, 74, 89, 115, 145, 161, 181, 210, 234 Festuca capillata, 50, 56, 152; ovina, 151; supina, 102, 151, 213; vivi- para, 53, 59, 151 Ficus Carica 73 Field Sorrel, 73 Filix-femina, 131 Filix-mas, 131 Finger Grass, 74 252 Rhodora Fire Cherry, 82 Fifth Report of the Committee on Floral Areas, 43 Fig, 73 Fireweed, 72 Fleabane, Daisy, 72 Flora of Massachusetts, Two New "Additions to the, 232 Florida, a New Magnolia from West, 35 Foxtail Grass, 74 Fragaria, 71 Freeman, O. M. Parthenium auri- culatum in Burke County, North Carolina, 208; Viola primulifolia in Berkshire County, Massachu- setts, 132 French Sorrel, 84 Fringed Gentian, 60 Fumana, 143 Furbish, Kate, 36 Further Note on Cimicifuga race- mosa in Massachusetts, A, 17; Notes on Changes in a Salt Marsh during Reclamation, 37 Gale, Sweet, 82 Galeopsis Tetrahit, 72 Galium Brandegei, 123, 236; kamt- schaticum, 124; saxatile, 83, 236; trifidum pusillum, 245 nem Larkspur, 70; Raspberry, 1 Gardner, N. L. Notes on a Collec- tion of Fresh Water Myxophy- ceae from Amoy, China, 1 c Peninsula, Quebec, Lichens of the, 157, 205, 225 Gaylussacia dumosa, var. Bige- loviana, 84 Gentian, Fringed, 60 Gentiana nesophila, 60, 79, 118; Een. 54, 60, 79, 80, 125, Geraniaceae, 71 Geranium Robertianum, 71 Gerardia, 143 Glyceria, 150; Fernaldii, 150; flui- tans, 50, 83, 85, 150; nervata, var. stricta, 121; obtusa, 38 m norvegicum, 116, 122, 39 Goldenrod, 72; Bushy, 72 Good-bye-Summer, 84 Goosefoot, Maple-leaved, 73 Goose-tongue, 63 Gramineae, 74 Grape, 71 Graphidaceae, 159 [DECEMBER Graphis scripta, var. limitata, 159, var. recta, 159 Grass, Cotton, 61, 62. 98; Dropseed, 74; Finger, 74; Green Foxtail, 74; Heath, 81; Low Spear, 74; Manna, 85; Mat, 81; Old Witch, 74; Rusty Cotton, 82; Scurvy, 62; Timothy, 74 Gratiola aurea, 86, 225 Grier, N. M. Mr. Taylor vs. Grier’s Notes on the Flora of Long Island, 242 Ground Hurts, 80 Groundsel, 72 Gymnodes (sect. of Luzula), 138 Gyrophora arctica, 226; erosa, 226; hyperborea, 226; polyphylla, 226; proboscidea, 226; vellea, 226 Gyrophoraceae, 226 Habenaria, 102, 105; albida, 102, 106, 174, 175; Andrewsii, 21; blephariglottis, 21, 84; bracteata, 91, 169, 170—172, 174; clavellata, 92, 176; dilatata, 75; lacera, 21, var. terrae-novae, 21, 22, 57, 176; leucophaea, 22; obtusata, 91, 92, 97, 176, var. collectanea, 175, 176; psycodes, 21; stra- minea, 174, 175, 213; viridis, 54, 76, 91, 105, 169-172, var. bracteata, 124, 169, 170, 172, 174, var. interjecta, 173, var. Vaillanti, 172 Haemotomma elatinum, 229, var. ochrophaea, 229; ventosum, 229 Hard Maple, 233 Harebell, 60 Heather, 52, 82, 83 Hedeoma hispida, 46-48, in Con- necticut, 46 Hedysarum alpinum, 76, 104, 216, var. americanum, 125, 216 Helianthemum, 143 Heliopsis scabra, 245 Helix hortensis, 117 Heltrope, 63 Hemlock, 34; Poison, 72 Hemp Nettle, 72 Heracleum lanatum, 63, 84, 110; Sphondylium, 84, 221 Herb Robert, 71 Heterothecium grossum, 160; san- guinarium, 160 Hieracium, 99, 122; canadense, 246, var. hirtirameum, 241, 246, in Northern Michigan, 246; floren- tinum, 46; groenlandicum, 121, 241 1926] Index Hierochloe alpina, 110; odorata, 162, var. fragrans, 162 Himantoglossum viride, 172 Hitchcock, A. S. Eragrostis hyp- noides and E. reptans, 113 Hoary Willow, 82 Hoffman, R. Lygodium palmatum and Agrimonia mollis in Berk- shire County, Mass., 179 Holeus, 143, 144 Holm, T. The Bulbiferous Form of Luzula multiflora, 133 Homalobus (subgenus of Astraga- lus), 106, 214 Honeysuckle, Fly, 76 Hordeum boreale, 121, 152 Horse Weed, 72 Hudsonia ericoides, 87 Hurts, Ground, 80; Sweet, 80 Hyacinth, 75; Wild, 90 Hymenolobus procumbens, 54, 106 Ibidium praecox, 244 Icamadophilus ericetorum, 229 Indian Corn, 74; Jug, 62; Tea, 82 International Congress of Plant Societies at Ithaca, 64 Ilex opaca, 35 Illicium, 35 Iris setosa, var. canadensis, 75, 104, f. pallidiflora, 168; versicolor, 38 Isoetes, 18; macrospora, 149; Tuck- ermani, 85, 120, 149 Isotria, 34 Ixophorus viridis, 74 Jansson, K. P. Rayless Aster novi- belgii, 112 Juncaceae, 74, 133 Juncoides carolinae, 244; pilosum, 244 Juneus acutiflorus, 51, 87; albes- cens, 62, 118, 166; alpinus, var. unibiceps, 166] bulbosus, 50, 81, 83, 166; canadensis, 38; conglom- eratus, 50; effusus, var. con- glomeratus, 50, var. Pylaei, 127, 166; marginatus, 138; militaris, 81, 82; nodosus, 138; scripoides, 87; stygius, var. americanus, 120, 166; supinus, 50; tenuis, 74; trifidus, 110 Juniper, Pasture, 82. Juniperus communis, 43, 46, var. depressa, 43, 45, var. montana, 82; horizontalis, 43, 46; virgin- iana, 43, 46 Kalmia angustifolia, 82 253 Kidder, N. T. Erucastrum Pol- lichii in Maine, 88 Knotgrass, 73 Knowlton, C. H. Fifth Report of Committee on Floral Areas, 43; Two Additions to the Flora of Massachusetts, 232; Victorin’s Treatment of the Lycopodiales of Quebec, 18 Kobresia simpliciuscula, 62 Krumbhaar, G. D. Euphrasia Oakesii in Hamilton Inlet, Labra- dor, 131 Labiatae, 72 Labrador, Euphrasia Oakesii in Hamilton Inlet, 131 Lactuca, 124, 241; spicata, 124, 241; terrae-novae, 240, 241 Lady’s Slipper, Yellow, 95 Lambkill, 82 Lamium purpureum, 112, 225, in Colorado, 112 Lapland Rosebay, 62 Larch, European, 44 Large-toothed Aspen, 73 Larix decidua, 43, 44; laricina, 43, 45 Larkspur, Garden, 70 Lastrea dilatata, var. lepidota, 147 Lathyrus maritimus, var. aleuticus, 120, 216 Lecanora cinerea, 228; dimera, 228; dubitans, 228; elatina, 229, var. ochrophaea, 229; frustulosa, 228; Hageni, 228; intricata, 229; mu- ralis, var. saxicola, 228; palles- cens, 228; polytropa, 228; privi- gna, 226; sordida, 228; subfusca, 228; symmicta, 229; tartarea, 228, varia, var. intricata, 229, var. polytropa, 228, var. symmicta, 229; ventosa, 229 Lecanoraceae, 228 Lecidea albocaerulescens, var. flavo- caerulescens, 160; atrobrunnea, 160; Berengeriana, 159; cineras- cens, 160; contigua, 160; enclitica, 160; enteroleuca, 160; geograph- ica, 161; granulosa, 159; grossa, 160; hypnophila, 160; melan- cheima, 160; parasema, 160, var. elaeochroma, 160, var. entero- leuca, 160; panaeola, 160; pelias- pis, 159; speirea, 160; sphaero- ides, 160; vernalis, 159, subsp. minor, 159 Lecideaceae, 159 Ledum groenlandicum, 82 Leguminosae, 71 254 Rhodora Lejica, 42 Leontodon, 143 Lepia, 42; multiflora, 42; pauciflora, 42 Lepidium apetalum, 39 Leptilon canadensis, 72 Leptogium lacerum, 226; lichen- oides, 226; plicatile, 226; tremel- loides, 226 Lesquerella arctica, 100, 103, 107, 118, 201, 213, var. Purshii, 201 Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula, Quebec, 157, 205, 225 Ligusticum Gmelini, 221; scothi- cum, 63 Liliaceae, 73 Lily-of-the-Valley, 57 Limodorum tuberosum, 139 Limosella aquatica, 87, 225 Ling, 52 Linnaea borealis, 81 Liquidambar, 35 Listera convallarioides, 75 Littorella americana, 86 j Lobaria laciniata, 227; pulmonaria, 227; scrobiculata, 227 Loiseleuria procumbens, 56 Lomatogonium rotatum, 53, 54, 60 Long Island, Grier’s Notes on the Flora of, 242 Lonicera Morrowi, 39; tatarica, 39; villosa, 59, 76 Luzula campestris, 133-135, var. bulbosa, 133, 134, var. comosa, 133, 166, var. congesta, 56, 133, 167, var. macrantha, 133, var. Mannii, 133, var. migrata, 133, var. multiflora, 133; caricina, 135; comosa, 135, var. congesta, 135, var. macrantha, 135, var. sub- sessilis, 135; comosa laxa, 135; multiflora, 133-135, 137, The Bulbiferous Form of, 133, f. bul- bosa, 136; multiflora vera, 135; nodulosa, 138; pallescens, 134; spicata, 110, 146, 166; subses- silis, 133, 135 Lycopersicum esculentum, 72 Lycopodiales of Quebec, Victorin's Treatment of, 18 Lycopodium, 18; adpressum, 56; complanatum, 19; flabelliforme, 19; inundatum, var. Bigelovii, 56, 84, 149; sabinaefolium, var. sit- chense, 19; tristachyum, 18 Lygodium palmatum, 179, in Berk- shire County, Massachusetts, 179 Lyngbya epiphytica, 2 Lysimachia Lolenkétellatum, 131 [DECEMBER Lythraceae, 199 Mackenzie, K. K. 'Acer sac- charum Marsh." 111; Aster ericoides, 65; Concerning Solidago humilis, 208; Solidago rigida L., 29; Technical Name of Sugar Maple, 233 Magnolia Ashei, 35, 36; cordata, 36; from West Florida, A new, 35; macrophylla, 35, 36; pyrami- data, 36 Maianthemum, 11; canadense, 9, 10, and its Variety interius, Notes on the Range of, 9, var. interius, 9-11 Maine, Erucastrum Pollichii in, 88; Pogonia affinis in, 31 Malaxis brachypoda, 176, 177; diphyllos, 177; monophyllos, 92, 176, 177 Mallow, Common, 71 Malva rotundifolia, 71 Malvaceae, 71 Maple, American Sugar, 233, 234; Hard, 233; Red, 71; Soft, 234; Sugar, 179, 233, Technical Name of, 179, 233 Maple-leaved Goosefoot, 73 Massachusetts, A Further Note on Cimicifuga racemosa in, 17; Lygo- dium palmatum and Agrimonia mollis in Berkshire County, 179; Three Plants of Plymouth, 88; Two Additions to the Flora of, 232; Viola primulifolia in Berk- shire County, 132 Mathers, 124 Medeola, 34 Medicago lupulina, 71 Medick, Black, 71 Megalospora sanguinaria, 160 Megastachya hypnoides, 114; rep- tans, 114 Menyanthes trifoliata, 62 Merismopedia glauca, 1 Michigan, Hieracium canadense, var. hirtirameum in Northern, 246 Microstylis brachypoda, 92, 176; monophyllos, 31, 92, 176 Milium effusum 111, 162 Mr. Taylor vs. Grier's Notes on the Flora of Long Island, 242 Mitchella repens, 56, 236 Monotropa Hypopithys, 125 Montia fontana, 117; lampro- sperma, 117; rivularis, 50 Mountain Ash, 72 1926] Index Mouse-ear Chickweed, 70 Muhlenbergia mexicana, 74; race- mosa, 127, 162, 245; tenuiflora, 74 Myrica carolinensis, 39; cerifera, 244; Gale, 82 Myriophyllum alterniflorum, 127, 219; exalbescens, 127, 220 Myxophyceae, 1, from Amoy, China, Notes on a Collection of Fresh Water, 1 Nardus stricta, 81 Neeragrostis, 113; hypnoides, 114, 115; Weigeltiana, 114, 115 Nemopanthus mucronata, 124, 216 Nephrodium spinulosum fructuo- sum, 146 Nephroma arcticum, 227; helveti- cum, 227; laevigatum, 227 Nettle, 63, 117; Hemp, 72 New Éngland Plants, Preliminary Lists of, XXX, 43 Newfoundland. The Ragged Orchis of, 21; Two Summers of Botaniz- ing in, 49, 74, 89, 115, 145, 161, 181, 210, 234 New North American Variety of Cystopteris fragilis, A, 129; Sta- tion for Cyperus erythrorhizos, 6 Nightshade, 72 North Carolina, Parthenium auri- culatum in Burke County, 208 Norway Spruce, 44 Nostoc, 3 Note on Cimicifuga racemosa in Massachusetts, A Further, 17 Notes on Changes in a Salt Marsh during Reclamation, Further, 156; on a Collection of Fresh Water Myxophyceae from Amoy, China, 1; on the Range of Maianthemum canadense and its Variety interius, 9 Oak, Laurel, 35 Oats, 74 Onoclea sensibilis, 127 Opegrapha varia, 159 Orchis, Ragged, 21, 57, of New- foundland, 21 Orchis bractealis, 174; bracteata, 170-172, 174; rotundifolia, 97, 100, 103, 169; viridis, 172, B. Vaillanti, 171, 172, var. Vail- lantii, 171 Orobanche, 125; minuta, 236; pur- purea, 236; Sedi, 236; terrae- novae, 235; uniflora, 235, 236; sect. Aphyllon, 236 255 Oryzopsis asperifolia, 162 Oscillatoria amphibia, 1; chalybea, l; irrigua, 1; laete-virens, 1; princeps, 1; quadripunctulata, 2; sancta, var. caldariorum, 1; subtilissima, var. litoralis, 2; tenuis, var. tergestina, 1 Osmorhiza divaricata, 125, 221; obtusa, 78 Osmunda cinnamomea, $82, 124, 148; Claytoniana, 124, 148 Oxalis, A Correction, 67 Oxalis corniculata, 67; pilosa, 67, var. Subpilosa, 607, var. Wrightii, 67; stricta, 71; Wrightii, 67, var. pilosa, 67, var. subpilosa, 67 Oxyria digyna, 124, 199 Oxytropis, 76; campestris, var. johannensis, 104, 125, 216; folio- losa, 103, 105, 106, 213, 216 Panicum capillare, 74; italicum, 143; Wiléoxianum, 245 Pannaria brunnea, 227; hypnorum, 226; leucosticta. 227; microphylla, 227; nigra, 227; pezizoides, 227; rubiginosa, 226; triptophylla, 227 Pannariaceae, 226 Parmelia centrifuga, 229; conspersa, 229; olivacea, 229; perlata, 229; physodes, 229, var. obscurata, 229; saxatilis, 229, var. furfura- cea, 229, var. laevis, 229, var. sulcata, 229; sulcata, 229; tilia- cea, 229 Parmeliaceae, 229 Parmeliella corallinoides, 227; mic- rophylla, 227 Parnassia Kotzebuei, 122, 123, 125, 210; multiseta, 211; palustris, 53, 60, 211, 8. multiseta, 211, 212; parviflora, 79, 211 Parsnip, Cow, 84; Wild, 84 Parthenium auriculatum, 208, in Burke County, North Carolina, 208 Partridge Berry, 56 Pasture Juniper, 82 Paulownia tomentosa, 242 Pedicularis flammea, 96, 98, 234; palustris, 81, 235; sylvatica, 51, 81, 235 Peltigera aphthosa, 228; canina, var. spongiosa, 228; horizontalis, 227; malacea, 228; polydactyla, 228; venosa, 228 Peltigeraceae, 227 Peramium ophioides, 245 256 Rhodora Peristylus bracteatus, 174; viridis, 172, a. gracillima, 172, b. macro- bracteata, 171, 172, var. macro- bracteata, 171 Persicaria, 16; hydropiperoides, 16, 25, 27; opelousanum, 28; persic- arioides, 27 Pertusaria communis, 228; globu- laris, 228; glomerata, 228; leio- placa, 228; multipuncta, 228; pustulata, 228; velata, 228 Pertusariaceae, 228 Petunia, 72; nyctaginiflora, 72 Phippsia, 150 Phleum alpinum, 54; pratense, 74 Phormidium angustissimum, 2; bi- granulatum, 2; cabennense, 2; calidum, 2; Corium, 2; foveola- tum, 2; laminosum, 2; orientale, var. breviarticulata, 2; quad- ripunctulata, 2 Phyllodoce caerulea, 116, 223 Physcia ciliaris, 231, var. crinalis, 231; hispida, 232; pulverulenta, M leucoleiptes, 232; stellaris, Physciaceae, 231 Picea Abies, 43, 44; canadensis, 43- 45, 235; mariana, 43, 45, f. semi- prostrata, 43; rubra, 43, 45, f. virgata, 43, 44 Pigweed, 73; Amarantha, 73 Pinaceae, 43 Pine, Scotch, 44 Pinguicula vulgaris, 75 Pinus Banksiana, 43-45; resinosa, 43-45; rigida, 43, 46; Strobus, 43, 45; sylvestris, 43, 44 Pirus Aucuparia, 72; Malus, 71 Pitnagen, 124 Placodiaceae, 231 Placodium elegans, 231; ferrugin- eum, var. discolor, 231; rupestre, 231; vitellinum, 231 Placynthium nigrum, 227 Plantaginaceae, 73 Plantago major, 73; oliganthos, 63 Plantain, 73 Plants Growing the First Season in an Uncovered Cellar, 69 Platanthera bracteata, 174; viridis, 170, 172, var. bracteata, 172, 174 Pleurocapsa fuliginosa, 1 Plumboy, 60, 79 Poa, 98, 116, 145, 150, 151; alpina, 79, 146, var. Bivonae, 152, var. brevifolia, 102, 152, 213, var. frigida, 79, 97, 152; airoides, 150; algida, 150; annua, 74; capitata, [DECEMBER 114; distans, 150, 151; eminens, 54; hypnoides, 113, 114: laxa, 124, 152; pelligera, 150; psilosanthe, 151; reptans, 113, 114; thalas- sinae, 115; trivialis, 78; Weigel- tiana, 115 Pogonia affinis, 31, 34, in Maine, 31; verticillata, 32-34 Polianthes tuberosa, 57 TM verticillata, var. ambigua, Polygonaceae, 73 Polygonum acre, 29, var. lepto- stachyum, 28; aviculare, 73; barbatum, 12, 25; Careyi, 13; coccineum, 11; hirsutum, 12; Hydropiper, 16; hydropiperoides, 11-17, 22-25, 27-29, f. leuco- chranthum, 17, f. strigosum, 24, 26, var. asperifolium, 24, 27, var. Bushianum, 24, 27, var. digitatum, 16, 17, 24, 26, var. macerum, 24, 26, var. Macounii, 15, 16, var. opelousanum, 28, var. persicarioides, 24, 27, var. psilostachyum, 16, 24, 26, var. sanibelense, 24, 27, var. strigo- sum, 15, 16, 26, var. virgatum, 15; hydropiperoides Macounii, 26, hydropiperoides opelousanum, 23, 28; hydropiperoides X ro- bustius, 16; lapathifolium, 16, var. prostratum, 16; mite, 13-15, 25; natans, 11; opelousanum, 11, 22-24, 27, 28, var. adenocalyx, 24, 28; Persicaria, 14, 16; persi- carioides, 12, 14, 15, 27; puncta- tum, 12, 23, 26, 28; scabrum, 16; setaceum, 13, 15; virgatum, 15 Polygonum, sect. Avicularia, 145 Polypodium, 131; austriacum, 147; dilatatum, 147; spinulosum, 147; virginianum, 148 Polystichum Braunii, 110; Lonchi- tis, 102, 125, 147 Populus candicans, 38; grandi- entata, 73; nigra, var. italica, 38; tremuloides, 73 Portulaca oleracea, 71 Portulacaceae, 71 Potamogeton alpinus, 245; con- fervoides, 56, 149; Friesii, 127, 149; Hilli, 127, 149; Oakesianus, 120, 149; obtusifolius, 149; poly- gonifolius. 50, 83; praelongus, 149; vaginatus, 127, 149 Potato, 72 Potentilla alpestris, 91, 98, 118, 214; canadensis, 39; labradorica, 1926] 213; monspeliensis, 214, var. labradorica, 213; nivea, 117, 212, var, macrophylla, 125, 212; nor- vegica, 214, var. hirsuta, f. labradorica, 213, var. labrador- ica, 213; pectinata, 125, 212; procumbens, 50, 81; pulchella, 103, 213, var. Sommerfeltii, 213; pumila, 81, 244; Robbinsiana, 244; Sommerfeltii, 213; tridentata 82; usticapensis, 212, 213 Preliminary Lists of New England Plants XXX, 43 Primroses, 75 Primula, 98; egaliksensis, 54, 60, 75, 108, 118, 224; farinosa, 60, 75, 224, var. americana, 224, var. incana, 54, 224, var. macropoda, 224; mistassinica, 75; sibirica, var. arctica, 98, 99, 105, 224 Prunus pennsylvanica, 82 Psilocarya nitens, 88 Psoroma hypnorum, 226 Pteretis nodulosa, 124 Pteridium, 143, 144 Pteris, 143 Pterodes (sect. of Luzula), 138 Puccinellia, 150, 151; coarctata, 118, 150; distans, 151; maritima, 151 Purple Flowering Raspberry, 71; Saxifrage, 62 Purslane, 71; Sea, 63, 100 Pussy Willow, 73, 95 Pyrola asarifolia, var. incarnata, 75; secunda, 223, f. eucycla, 223, var. obtusata, 223, var. vulgaris, 223 Pyrus Malus, 39 Quebec, Lichens of the Gaspé Peninsula, 157, 205, 225; Vic- torin's Treatment of the Lyco- podiales of, 18 Quercus coccinea, 244; ellipsoidalis, 244; Phellos, 244; rubra, 141; velutina, 244 Ragged Orchis, 21, 57, of New- foundland, 21 Ramalina farinacea, 230; pollinari- ella, 230; polymorpha, 230; pu- silla, var. geniculata, 230 Range of Maianthemum canadense and its Variety interius, Notes on the, 9 Ranunculaceae, 70 Ranunculus affinis, 104, 200; Cym- balaria, 200; Flammula, 50, 81; hederaceus, 50, 81, 200; hyper- Index 257 boreus, 61, 127, 200; Macounii, 127, 200; pedatifidus, var. leio- carpus, 104, 123, 129, 200; pensylvanicus, 200; reptans, 83 Raspberry, 60, 79; Garden, 71; Purple Flowering, 71 Rayless Aster novi-belgii, 112 Red Clover, 71 Red-top, 74 Regarding an Unauthorized Publi- cation on the Vegetation of the Virgin Islands, 66 Rhamnaceae, 71 Rhamnus cathartica, 71 Rhizocarpon geographicum, 161; obscuratum, 160 Rhode Island, Erechtites megalo- carpa in, 111 Rhododendron canadense, 223; lap- ponicum, 62; maximum, 244 Rhus glabra, 39; hirta, 71 Ribes rubrum, 244; triste, 244 Rinodina turfacea, 231 Rivularia indica, 2, 4 Robinia Pseudo-Acacia, 39 Robinson, John. Plants Growing the First Season in an Uncovered Cellar, 69 Rocket, Sea, 63 Roman Wormwood, 72 Rosa carolina, 39; nitida, 57; palustris, 39 Rosaceae, 71 Rose-Root, 63 Rosebay, Lapland, 62 Rubus acaulis, 60, 79; arcticus, 79; canadensis, 80; hispidus, 39; idaeus, 39, 71; odoratus, 71, 224; recurvicaulis, 84; strigosus, 71 Rumex Acetosa, 84; Acetosella, 73; obtusifolius, 73; occidentalis, 54, 63, 118, 199; Patientia, 63 Rush, Bog, 74; Small, 74 Rynchospora alba, 127, 163 Sagittaria graminea, 86; rigida, 244 Salicaceae, 73 Salicornia europaea, var. prostrata, 86, 199 Salix, 94, 98; amoena, 189; ana- mesa, 186; anglorum, 100, 177, 178, 186, var. kophophylla, 178; arctica y. groenlandica, var. lejo- carpa, 178; arctophila, 53, 62, 118, 178, 188, 189, f. lejocarpa, 178, var. lejocarpa, 178; atra, 182, 184; Barclayi,* latiuscula, 126, 127; Bebbiana, 190, var. perrostrata, 95, 189, 190; calci- 258 Rhodora cola, 62, 93, 99, 146, 178, 190; callicarpaea, 181, 182, 184; can- dida, 75, 95; cordata, 126; cordi- folia, 59, 99, 181-184, 186, 189, f. atra, 184, f. hypoprionata, 182, 184, 185, var. callicarpaea, 182, 184, 188, var. eucycla, 182, 187, var. intonsa, 182, 185, 186, var. Macounii, 182, 186, 187, var. ton- sa, 182, 187, var. typica, 182, 185; cryptodonta, 95, 119, 190; dis- color, 73, 95, 188-190; fragilis, 38; groenlandica, f. lejocarpa, 178; glauca, 181, 184, 185; her- bacea, 124, 177; humilis, 82; jejuna, 177, 178; labradorica, 182, 183, 185, 186; latiuscula, 190: leiolepis, 50; lucida, 126, 177; Macounii, 186; myrsinites, 183; myrtillifolia, 95, 190, var. brachy- poda, 50, 122, 190; obovata, 184; pedunculata, 188, 189; pellita, 190; pennata, 189; petiolaris, 244; phyllicifolia, 95, 189; planifolia, 95, 184, 188-190; reticulata, 53, 59, 62, 79, 118, 177; Richardsonii, 62; Rydbergu, 186; vaccinifor- mis, 186; vestita, 75, 79, 117, Ls 177; Waghornei, 184, 186, 8 Sanicule marilandica, 107, 220, var. borealis, 220 Sanford, 8. N. F. A New Station for Cyperus erythrorhizos, 67; Erechtites megalocarpa in Rhode Island, 111 Sanguisorba canadensis, 62 Sapindaceae, 71 Sarracenia purpurea, 62 Satyrium bracteale, 174; bractea- tum, 174; viride, 170-172 Saxifraga aizoides, 62, 90; Aizoon, 90, 117; cespitosa, 60, 90, 146; Geum, 51, 53, 55; oppositifolia, 62, 90, 146; rivularis, 116, 121, 210; spicata, 51; stellaris, var. comosa, 117, 210 Saxifrage, 51, 116; Purple, 62 Scent Bottle, 75 Schizaea pusilla, 56, 84, 148 Scirpus debilis, var. Williamsii, 88; sylvaticus, 245 Scotch Pine, 44 Scurvy Grass, 63 Scutellaria epilobiifolia, 79 Sea Purslane, 63, 100; Rocket, 63 Sedge, 74 Sedum roseum, 63 Selaginella, 18; selaginoides, 75 [DECEMBER Selinum Benthami, 221, 222; Gme- lini, 221 Senecio pauciflorus, 121, 123, 125, 240; paupereulus, var. firmus, 118; vulgaris, 72 Sericocarpus, 209; bifoliatus, 209, 210, An invalid Name, 209, var. Collinsii, 210; Collinsii, 210; torti- folius, 209, 210, var. Collinsii, 210 Setaria, 143 Shepherdia canadensis, 59, 76 Shepherd’s Purse, 70 Sibbaldia procumbens, 124, 212 Sibthorpia europaea, 51 Sieglingia decumbens, 50, 81, 85 Silene acualis, var, exscapa, 59 Sisymbrium, 88, 143 Sium suave, 86 Small Rush, 74 Smell Bottle, 105 Smilacina trifolia, 75, 90 Smilax rotundifolia, 38 Smith, L. B. Three plants of Plymouth. Massachusetts, 88 Snake Spruce, 44 | Soapberry, 76 Soft Maple, 234 Solanaceae, 72 Solanum Dulcamara, 72; tuberosum 72 Solidago canadensis, 72; gramini- folia, var. Nuttallii, 236; humilis, 208; humilius, 208; lanceolata, 72; lepida, 124, 236; multiradiata, 125; nemoralis, 208; patula, 30, 31, 138, 139; rigida, 29-31, 138— 141, 144; sempervirens, 37; uligi- nosa, 208; uniligulata, 82 Solorina crocea, 227; saccata, 227, Dt. spongiosa, 227; spongiosa, 22 Sorghum, 143 Sorrel, Field, 73; French, 84; Yellow food, 71 Sparganium americanum, 86; hy- perboreum, 120; simplex, 244 Spear-grass, Low, 74 Sphaerophoraceae, 159 Sphaerophorus coralloides, 159; fragilis, 159; globiferus, 159; globosus, 159 Spinach, Wild, 63 Spiraea, 71; Vanhouttei, 71 Spirulina major, 1 Spruce, Norway, 44; Snake, 44 Squamaria hypnorum, 226 Staghorn Sumach, 71 Stanford, E. E. Polygonum hy- 1926] dropiperoides and P. opelousa- num, 11, 22 Statice, 76; labradorica, 54, 74, var. genuina, 54, var. submutica, 224 Stellaria crassifolia, 54; florida, 123, 199; longipes, 59; uliginosa, 83 Stereocaulon condensatum, 225; denudatum, 225; paschale, 225; tomentosum, 225 Sticta amplissima, 227; crocata, 227; pulmonaria, 227; scrobicul- ata, 227 Stictaceae, 227 Strawberry, 71 Streptopus amplexifolius, 168; oreo- polus, 104, 116, 124, 167; roseus, 168 Suaeda linearis, 37; maritima, 38; Richii, 86, 199 Sudworth, G. B. Technical Name of Sugar Maple, 179 Sugar Maple, 179, 233, Technical Name of, 179, 233 Sumach, Staghorn, 71 Sun Flower, 120 Sweet Gale, 82; Hurts, 80 Symphoricarpos racemosus, var. laevigatus, 39 Synechoblastus nigrescens, 226; rupestris, 226 Syntherisma sanguinale, 74 Tanacetum huronense, var. terrae- novae, 54, 80, 100, 239 Tansy, Wild, 60 Taraxacum, 63, 94, 96, 100, 103- 105, 119, 148, 145, 213, 240; ammophilum, 119; ceratophorum, 76, 240; dumetorum, 240; lace- rum, 60, 240; lapponicum, 60, 240; latilobum, 80, 240; Taraxa- cum, 72 Taxaceae, 43 Taxus canadensis, 43, 45 Technical Name of Sugar Maple, 179, 233 = minuta, 236; purpurea, 36 Thalictrum alpinum, 60 Theloschistaceae, 231 Theloschistes parietinus, 231; poly- carpus, 231; vermicularis, 231 Thaspium trifoliatum, 244 Thelypteris Filix-mas, 110, 147; palustris, 85; spinulosa, 146, 147, var. americana, 147, var. con- cordiana, 147, var. dilatata, 147, var. fructuosa, 146, var. inter- media, 146 Index 259 Three Plants of Plymouth, Mass., 88 Thrift, 74 Thuja occidentalis, 43-45, 244, 245 Tillaea aquatica, 86, 210 Timothy Grass, 74 Tobacco Leaf, 62 Tofieldia glutinosa, 75; minima, 75 Tolypothrix Chungii, 4; lanata, 4; tenella, 4 Tomato, 72 Trifolium hybridum, 71; pratense, 71; repens, 71 i Trillium grandiflorum, 244 Trisetum melicoides, 152 Tsuga canadensis, 43, 45 Tuberaria, 143 Tuberose, 57 Two Additions to the Flora of Massachusetts, 232; Summers of Botanizing in Newfoundland, 49, 74, 89, 115, 145, 161, 181, 210, 234 Ulmus americana, 73 Umbilicaria erosa, 226; hyperborea, 226; polyphylla, 226; probosci- dea, 226, var. arctica, 226; vellea, 226 Umbelliferae, 72 Uncinia, 61 Urtica, 63, 117; angustifolia, 197, 199; aquatica, 199; Breweri, 191, 192, 197, 198; californica, 192, 198; cardiophylla, 193; dioica, 191, 197, 6. angustifolia, 199, t. procera, 195, var. occidentalis, 199; gracilenta, 198; gracilis, 191-193, 195, 196, and Some Related North American Species, 191; holosericea, 192; longifolia, 195; Lyallii, 191-193, 197, 198; mexicana, 199; procera, 193, 195, 198; serra, 199; viridis, 193, 196, 197 Urticaceae, 73 Usnea barbata, 230, f. hirtella, 230, var. filipendula, 230, var. stricta, 230; cavernosa, 230; longissima, 230; plicata, 230; trichodea, 230 Usneaceae, 230 Utricularia clandestina, 56; gemini- scapa, 56, 235 Vaccinium nubigenum, 116, 124, 224; ovalifolium, 107, 116, 124, 224; pennsylvanicum, 80; uligino- sum, 80; Vitis-idaea, 131 Vegetation of the Virgin Islands, An Unauthorized Publication on, 66 issouri Bo ELU LUN 260 Rhodora Velvet Bells, 105 Verbena stricta, 47; urticifolia, 73 Verbenaceae, 73 Veronica, 81; alpina, var. unalascen- sis, 124, 234; humifusa, 234; officinalis, 81, 85 Verrucaria epigaea, 159; muralis, 159; mutabilis, 159 Verrucariaceae, 159 Vervain, White, 73 Viburnum cassinoides, 51 Victorin’s Treatment of the Lyco- podiales of Quebec, 18 Viola blanda, 244; labradorica, 90, 244; nephrophylla, 90, 216; odor- ata, 108; palustris, 108, 217; primulifolia, 132, in Berkshire County, Mass., 132; renifolia, 120, 217, var. Brainerdii, 217; Selkirkii, 217 Virgin Islands, An Unauthorized Publication on the Vegetation of, Vitaceae, 71 Vitis, 71 Vitis-idaea Vitis-idaea, 243 Weatherby, C. A. A new Magnolia from West Florida, 35; A New North American Variety of Cy- stopteris fragilis, 129; Fifth Re- port of Committee on Floral Areas, 43; On Solidago rigida L., 488 [DECEMBER and the Application of Old Botanical Names, 138 Weed, Horse, 72 White Aster, 72; Birch, 73; Cinque- foil, 82; Clover, 71; Top, 82; Vervain, 73 Whiteweed, 72 Wiegand, K. M. Oxalis—A Cor- rection, 67 Wild Hyacinth, 90; Parnsip, 84; Spinach, 63; Tansy, 60 Willow, Hoary, 82; Pussy, 73, 95 Witch Grass, 74 Woodsia alpina, 124, 125, 145; glabella, 124, 146 Wood-Sorrel, Yellow, 71 Wormwood, Roman, 72 Xanthium longirostre, 66; spino- sum, 66 Xanthoria parietina, 231; polycarpa 231 Xanthoxalis grandis, 245 Xylographa opegraphella, 159 Yellow Lady’s Slipper, 95; Wood- Sorrel, 71 Zannichellia palustris, var. major, 127, 150 Zea Mays, 74 Zinnia 40-42; pauciflora, 42; peru- viana, 42