ILLUSTRATIONS
OF
HIMALAYAN PLANTS.
LONDON:
LOVELL REEVE, 5, HENRIETTA STREET, COVENT GARDEN.
1855.
GCOLLECTIGC
Wo. Bot. Garden,
tA
CHIEFLY SELECTED FROM DRAWINGS MADE FOR THE LATE
of the Bengal Gl Serve.
THE DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYSES BY
D. HOOKER M.D, F.R.S.
W.H.FITCH.
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TO
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ONOURABLE SIR JAMES W. COLVILE, KNT,
PUISNE JUDGE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CALCUTTA, ETO.,
PRESIDENT OF THE ASIATIC SOCIETY OF BENGAL,
AND
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ONOURABLE SIR LAURENCE PEEL, KNT,
CHIEF JUDGE IN THE SUPREME COURT OF CALCUTTA, ETC.,
PRESIDENT OF THE AGRI-HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY OF INDIA,
Chis Work is Dedicated,
IN ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF THEIR EMINENT SERVICES IN PROMOTING THE DIFFUSION OF SCIENCE AND
OF HORTICULTURE IN INDIA,
BY THEIR FAITHFUL AND OBLIGED FRIEND,
JOSEPH D. HOOKER.
Roya Garpens, Kew,
June 30, 1855.
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A,C.GRACILIS, H.£.&?. B, CODONOPSIS JAVANICA,. H.f.&T. C,C INFLATA , Hf. & T.
PLATE XVI. A.
CODONOPSIS (LEPTOCODON) GRACILIS, wy, ¢ 7
Nat. Ord. CAMPANULACEA.
Herba gracillima volubilis glauca glaberrima tenella, foliis longe petiolatis ovatis ovato-rotundatisve obtusis grosse crenato-
lobatis flaccidis, pedicellis gracilibus plerumque extra-alaribus, calycis tubo obconico, lobis obovatis subdentatis
obtusis, corolla tubulosa supra medium ampliata limbo truncato obscure 5-lobo, ovario semisupero glandulis 5
staminibus alternantibus aucto 3-loculari, ovulis paucis dissepimentis adnatis axi remotis, stylo gracili, stigmate
trilobo extus hispido, fructu inferne coriaceo supra calycem sicco subchartacco trivalvi in conum acuminatum
producto, seminibus anguste oblongis, testa nitida.
Has. In sylvis humidis temperatis Himalaye orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 5~7000 ped. 77. Maio.
Nothing can exceed the beauty and delicacy of this little plant, which is of rare occurrence in Sikkim,
inhabiting watercourses in very dense shaded woods, and covering bushes with its pale, translucent, mem-
branous foliage and pale blue flowers. Like all its congeners, it is full of milky juice, and exhales a pecu-
har strong and very disagreeable odour when bruised, much like that of the Rue in character.
This and the two other species figured with it, are very singular plants, all so closely allied in many
important botanical characters that I do not doubt their belonging to one genus, but all presenting such
important differences in structural characters that many botanists will doubtless separate them. Thus the
present species has flowers that seldom arise from the axils of the leaves, their pedicels being adnate with
the stem above them ; a half-inferior ovary, with five stipitate glands between the stamens; a membranous
corolla, with a tubular base, dilated throat, and slightly expanded truncated limb; a three-celled ovary, with
few ovules attached to the dissepiments, but removed from the axis. The fruit is conical, both above and
below the calyx, coriaceous below it, dry rather horny and three-valved above it, and the seeds have a
polished testa. To this the subgeneric name of Leptocodon may be applied, in allusion to the narrow bell-
shaped corolla.
In the C. Javanica the calyx is wholly inferior, and the corolla superior ; the corolla is herbaceous, very
broadly campanulate, with five spreading lobes; the ovary has no stipitate glands, is three- to five-celled,
with fleshy axillary placentx projecting into each cell, and covered with ovules; the fruit is a pulpy, trun-
cated, indehiscent berry, and the seeds are covered with a reticulated testa. This belongs to the genus
Campanumea of Blume.
In the C. inflata the calyx is wholly superior ; the corolla ventricose and herbaceous ; the ovary has no
stipitate glands; the fruit is a fleshy berry, with three horny valves at the summit, as in C. gracilis, but the
placentation and seeds are as in C. Javanica. To the species with flowers constructed upon this type the
subgeneric name Hucodonopsis may be retained, as it was to these especially that Dr. Wallich applied the
name of Codonopsis originally.
All the above species agree in their twining habit, milky juice, strong odour when bruised, flower-stalks
inserted opposite the petioles or above them, the structure of the styles, stigmata, stamens, and in the pecu-
liar ramification of the young leaf-bearing branches, which often resemble compound leaves. ‘There are,
however, other species of the genus which unite the above characters more or less, or present such modifi-
cations of them that it is impossible to separate them generically ; of these several are erect plants, and two
of them tropical, the 0. truncata, Wall., and C. parviflora, Wall., the latter of which is the Campanumea
Celebica of Blume, and has the calyx often removed far below the ovary on the pedicel, whilst the corolla
is still superior. To these the name Cyclocodon has been applied by Griffith, and it may be retained as
a subgeneric name. A fourth subgenus, Glossocomia, includes all the other known species, which consist
of erect alpine plants with terminal flowers, resembling those of Hucodonopsis in all essential points.
The genus or group Codonopsis, as thus restricted, consists of about fourteen species, inhabiting central
and south-eastern Asia, from Soongaria and Afghanistan, the Himalaya, and Tibet, in the extreme north-
west, to Bhotan, the Khasia Mountains, and Malayan Peninsula, and two of them being also found in
Java. It is unknown in the peninsula of India and Ceylon. One species is perhaps Dahurean and Chinese,
if, as is probable, the Platycodon grandiflorum, A\ph. DC., is referable to it. The genus is further remark-
able for its comparatively narrow range in geographical area and wide range in altitude; for species are
found at all elevations, from 3000 to 10,000 feet, and in all climates, from very wet to very dry ones.
Puate XVI. 4. Fig. 1. Flower with the corolla and stamens removed. 2. Stigma. 3. Pollen-collectors and _ pollen.
4. Pollen-grains. 5. Transverse section of ovary. 6. Ripe fruit. 7. Seed. 8. Vertical section of ripe fruit.
9. Embryo :—all magnified.
PLATE XVI. B.
CODONOPSIS (CAMPANUMQSA) JAVANICA, ay ¢ 7
Nat. Ord. CAMPANULACEA.
Herba volubilis glaberrima, foliis oppositis et alternis ovato-cordatis acutis crenatis, pedunculis axillaribus et lateralibus
1-floris, calyce infero alte 5-lobo lobis lineari-oblongis patentibus, corolla supera late campanulata limbo 5-lobo
patente, bacca supera subglobosa angulata truncata carnosa evalvi 3—5-loculari, ovulis placentis crassis axillaribus
adnatis, seminibus oblongis testa reticulata.
Campanuma@a Javanica, Blume, Bydr. p. 276; Alph. DC. Mon. Camp. p.118; DC. Prodr. v. 8. p. 423.
Has. In fruticetis Himalayze orientalis temperate et subtropice : Sikkim, alt. 5—-7000 ped.; necnon in montibus Khasiz,
alt. 56000 ped., et in Java. 7. tempore pluvioso.
A very elegant climber, remarkable for its wide range in geographical distribution, the Javanese
specimens being identical with the Sikkim ones. The leaves are very variable in shape, especially at the
cordate base, the lobes of which have a narrow or broad sinus.
Prats XVI. B. Fig. 1. Flower with a portion of the calyx and corolla removed. 2. Nearly ripe fruit. 3. Transverse
section of a five-celled ; and 4, of a three-celled variety. 5. Seed :—all magnified.
PLATE XVI. C.
CODONOPSIS (EUCODONOPSIS) INFLATA, Hf et 7.
Nat. Ord. CAMPANULACEZ.
Herba volubilis glaberrima, foliis alternis ovato-cordatis acutis acuminatisve crenatis, pedunculis oppositifoliis 1-floris,
calycis tubo acute 10-gono limbo supero, corolla subampullacea 5-loba lobis breviusculis, bacca carnosa 3—5-loculari
apice truncata apice valvis 3 incompletis chartaceis dehiscente, seminibus reticulatis.
Has. In sylvis temperatis Himalayz orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 5—6000 ped. 7. tempore pluvioso.
This in habit closely resembles the C. Javanica, but is a very different plant; like it, the temperature
suited to it is easily obtained in any greenhouse where sufficient heat and moisture may be preserved in
the summer, which is its flowering season.
Pratz XVI. C. Fig. 1. Flower with part of the calyx and corolla removed. 2. Transverse section of ovary. 3. Fruit.
4, Seed :—all magnified.
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PLATE XVII.
J/ESCHYNANTHES PEELII, ay e¢ 7
Nat. Ord. CyrranpRAcea.
Epiphytica, 2-3-pedalis, parce ramosa, glaberrima, caulibus teretibus basi lignosis, foliis petiolatis ovatis ovato-lanceolatisve
longe acuminatis integerrimis basi rotundatis obtusisve coriaccis, pedunculis terminalibus elongatis apice bifloris
bibracteatis, bracteis amplis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis, floribus pedicellatis, calycis profunde 4-partiti lobis lineari-
oblongis obtusis corolla ter brevioribus.
Has. In sylvis temperatis Himalayz orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 5-7500 ped. FY. tempore pluvioso.
This splendid species inhabits a greater elevation and cooler climate than any other known to me. It
used to grow on the lofty trees of the Jillapahar, behind Dorjiling, before the forests were so thinned that
the situation became too exposed for it. It is at the same time one of the most brilliantly coloured species
known, the peduncles, pedicels, bracts, and flowers being of the same vivid red colour, and the leaves a deep
glossy green above, and pale beneath. A very similar plant inhabits lower levels on the Khasia mountains,
but bears many flowers in each pair of bracts, and has longer narrower leaves; it may, however, be only a
variety of this.
Prats XVII. Fig. 1. Corolla laid open. 2. Pistil. 3. Transverse section of ovary. 4. Capsules. 5. Seeds :—
all (but fig. 4) magnified.
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PLATE XVIII.
BUDDLEIA COLVILEI, Wf et 7.
Nat. Ord. ScROoPHULARINEZ.
Frutex v. arbuscula erecta 10-pedalis ramosa, ramis teretibus, ramulis subangulatis, ultimis paniculis foliisque junioribus
pubescenti-tomentosis, foliis breve petiolatis lanceolatis acuminatis obscure crenato-serratis, paniculis terminalibus
axillaribus et supra-axillaribus pendulis multifloris, bracteolis ad basin pedicellorum subulatis, floribus breve pedi-
cellatis subternis coccineis, calyce hemisphzrico breviter 4-dentato tomentoso, corolla calyce 4—5-plo longiore tubu-
loso-campanulata, tubo cylindraceo, limbo 4-fido lobis amplis patentibus rotundatis eroso-dentatis, capsulis erectis
ovato-oblongis acuminatis tomentosis calyce duplo vel triplo longioribus, seminibus testa laxa reticulata 3-alata.
Has. In sylvis temperatis Himalayz orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 9-12,000 ped. #7. Jul.
a7
This is very unlike any other Asiatic species of Buddleca in its size and form of flower, colour, and the
locality it inhabits, its congeners being almost without exception tropical or subtropical plants; in several
respects it more closely resembles some of the species of the Andes, but it has no rival anywhere for beauty
and graceful habit. It is abundant towards the summit of Tonglo, from 9000 feet to the top (10,000), and
is also frequent in the Lachen and Lachoong valleys at similar elevations ; even ascending to 12,000 feet.
This will probably prove perfectly hardy, as I have found it in very exposed places as well as in woods ;
and from the abundance of its flowers and its lasting some weeks in bloom, it would be a most desirable addi-
tion to our gardens. The Plate was made from a sketch of my own.
RAR Rr PPP PPAR ARRAN
Prate XVIII. Fig. 1. Corolla cut open. 2. Stamens. 3. Pollen. 4. Calyx, ovary, and style. 5. Ovary. 6. Transverse
section of ovary. 7. Ovule. 8. Seeds, natural size. 9. Seed. 10. Longitudinal section of seed. 11. Albumen,
with its coat removed from the testa. 12. Vertical section of ditto. 13. Embryo :—al/ but fig. 8 magnified.
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PLATE XIX.
RHEUM NOBILE, wy ¢ 7.
Nat. Ord. PotyGonrz.
Herba elata 3—5-pedalis columnaris, radice elongato-fusiformi, rhizomate crasso brevi, caule erecto sulcato simplici bracteis
reflexis deorsum imbricatis membranaceis omnino velato, foliis radicalibus rosulatis breve crasse petiolatis ovato-
oblongis obtusis integerrimis basi cuneatis nervis flabellatis, caulinis orbiculatis brevius pedicellatis recurvis in
bracteis repente desinentibus, bracteis stramineis translucidis convexis bullatis marginibus roseis, stipulis maximis
membranaceis rubris, paniculis brevibus axillaribus compositis e basi flabellatim ramosis intra stipulas nidulantibus
et bracteis omnino velatis, floribus viridibus pedicellatis, sepalis 6 eequalibus oblongis obtusis, staminibus 6, ovario
breviter stipitato compresso v. trigono, stylis 2—4, stigmatibus capitatis, acheenio 2—4-alato lateribus tuberculatis.
Has. In rupibus abruptis alpinis Himalaye orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 13-15,000 ped. #7. Jun.
OLRmOLILLPPOPODPDPOPIDPDPPWPDDDWDPOWWWDDWWPPWPWWPPmPOmwmwmwww
The present is certainly the most striking of the many fine alpine plants of Sikkim; and though in
every botanical character, as also in the acid juice of the stem, a genuine Rhubarb, it differs so remarkably
in habit and general appearance from any of its congeners, that at first sight it could not be recognized as
one of them. I first saw it from a distance of fully a mile, dotting the black cliffs of the Lachen valley at
14,000 feet elevation, in inaccessible situations, and was quite at a loss to conceive what it could be; nor
was it till I had turned back the curious bracteal leaves and examined the flowers that I was persuaded
of its being a true Rhubarb.
The individual plants of Rhewm nobile are upwards of a yard high, and form conical towers of the
most delicate, straw-coloured, shining, semi-transparent, concave, imbricating bracts, the upper of which
have pink edges; the large, bright glossy, shining green radical leaves, with red petioles and nerves,
forming a broad base to the whole. On turning up the bracts, the beautiful membranous, fragile, pink
stipules are seen, like red silver-paper, and within these again the short branched panicles of insignificant
green flowers. The root is very long, often many feet, and winds amongst the rocks; it is as thick as the
arm, and bright yellow inside. After flowering the stem lengthens, the bracts separate one from another,
become coarse red-brown, withered and torn; finally, as the fruit ripens, they fall away, leaving a ragged-
looking stem, covered with panicles of deep brown pendulous fruits. In the winter, these naked black stems,
projecting from the beetling cliffs, or towering above the snow, are in dismal keeping with the surrounding
desolation of that season.
The stems of this plant (called “ Chuka” by the inhabitants) are pleasantly acid, and much eaten; the
hollow of the stem contains a good deal of limpid water.
The accompanying drawing is taken from a sketch of the whole plant, of the natural size, which I took,
and which covers two folio sheets of paper (that is, four times the area of the Plate). The seeds which I sent
to Kew, grew and some of the plants lived two years; they should be planted in peat soil and rockwork,
and kept very cool and damp.
Prats XIX. Fig. 1. Flower. 2. Stamen. 3. Pollen. 4, 5. Ovaria. 6. Vertical section of ovarium. 7. Ovule. 8. Ripe
fruit. 9, 10. Transverse sections of ditto. 11. Embryo :—al/ magnified.
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PLATE XX.
QUERCUS LAMELLOSA, Wau.
Nat. Ord. CupvuLirer.
Arbor excelsa, trunco 8-5 ped. diametro stricto erecto superne ramoso, coma oblonga, ramis mediocribus, ramulis velutino-
tomentosis, foliis amplis coriaceis breve petiolatis elliptico-ovatis lanceolatisve acuminatis grosse argute subspinuloso-
serratis multinerviis superne late viridibus subtus argenteis glaucisve, inflorescentia mascula ignota decidua,
foeminea brevi pauciflora spicata, stigmatibus 3 capitatis vix exsertis, involucris maximis subglobosis crassis coriaceis
lamellosis lamellis concentricis 10-16 sericeis marginibus fimbriato-ciliatis, superioribus incurvis glandem arcte
cingentibus, glande late ovato-oblonga apice sericea, embryone striato.
Has. In Himalaya centrali et orientali temperata, alt. 5-8000 ped.: Nipal, Sikkim, et Bhotan. FV. vere ; fr. Nov.
LOLOL OE LD LIL PIAL PPP P PDD APNE D PIAA DD tba
The present is one of the commonest trees about Dorjiling, and is certainly by far the noblest species of
Oak known, whether for the size of the foliage or acorns, their texture and colour, or the imposing appear-
ance of the tree, which has a tall, straight, solid trunk, forty to sixty feet high, and an oblong crown as
much above it. The leaves are hardly persistent during the winter, though the tree is at no time destitute
of foliage: the wood is indifferent. As with our common European forest trees, the fruit is produced in
_ much greater abundance in some seasons than at others; in the winter of 1848-49 it was so abundant that
it was dangerous to ride along the roads near Dorjiling, the hard round acorns causing the horses to
stumble. Most of these decayed where they fell, nor did any that I sent to England germinate, for the
cotyledons are very fleshy, and the plumule sprouts as soon as the acorns are exposed to the heat of the
plains. This is, indeed, the case with most of the Indian Oaks, of which there are about thirty species,
very few of which have been introduced into this country.
Prat XX. Fig. 1. Young acorns. 2. An old acorn, cut vertically. 3. Gland. 4. Seed. 5. Transverse section of
cotyledons :—all of the natural size.
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PLATE XXII.
LARIX GRIFFITHII, wf «7
Nat. Ord. Conirera.
Arbor 20-60-pedalis, trunco gracili 1-2 ped. diametro, coma conica, ramis arcuatis apicibus pendulis, ramulis longissimis
dependentibus, foltis linearibus, conis masculis oblongo-cylindraceis, antheris subquadrato-orbiculatis unguiculatis
connectivo apice eroso-dentato, ungue dilatato, conis foemineis erectis cylindraceis obtusis, bracteis subulatis clon-
gatis reflexis deorsum imbricatis squamis orbiculatis concavis triplo longioribus, conis maturis 4—5-pollicaribus
cylindraceis obtusis, bracteis persistentibus subsquarrosis, seminibus oblongis ala oblonga multoties brevioribus.
Has. In sylvis temperatis Himalaye orientalis interioris, alt. 8-12,000 ped.: Nipalia orientali, Sikkim et Bhotan. 77.
Maio ; fr. Oct.
This very distinct and graceful Larch bears the name of its discoverer, Mr. W. Griffith, one of the most
active and promising of the many naturalists who have devoted their energies and sacrificed their lives to
the pursuit of botany in India. It was Mr. Griffith’s wish that his name should be recorded by one of the
Himalayan Conifer@, but the species to which he hoped it would have been attached (P. excelsa) had been
known and named long before he found it. That indefatigable botanist discovered the present species in
Western Bhotan, towards the confines of Sikkim; I gathered it abundantly in the interior valleys of
Sikkim and Eastern Nipal, and was assured by the natives of the latter country that it prevails as far west
as the sources of the Dud Kosi river. It is a remarkable fact that neither this species nor the Abies
Brunomana are found on the outer or even central ranges of Sikkim, but only in the interior, though both
affect a much lower level than Abies Webbiana, which abounds on the outer and central ranges, wherever
these attain 10,000 to 11,000 feet elevation.
Laria Grifitha grows to a height of sixty feet in deep valleys, but it prefers the dry, rocky, ancient
moraines formed by glaciers that have centuries ago retired to higher levels in the mountains; and it also
grows on grassy slopes, where the draiage is good. It is remarkable for its very slender habit, sparse
foliage, and very long, lithe, cord-like, pendulous branchlets, that are set in motion by the slightest
breeze, and in a heavy gale are so completely blown to one side that the tree appears lop-sided. The erect
cones are much larger than those of any hitherto described Larch, and further differ from any others in their
numerous scales, and in their long, reflexed, persistent bracts, which are placed at the back of every scale in
this species, but which in the others are only seen on the lowest scales of all. 7
The wood of this tree is soft, white, and very indifferent; it is called Sah, or Saar, by the Lepchas,
and also by the Tibetans and Bhoteas. Seeds which I sent to Kew germinated readily, and the young
plants are now three to four feet high. Some have withstood the late severe winter (1854-5) with no
protection, whilst others have been quite killed: a difference I am inclined to attribute to some of my seeds
having been gathered from plants which grew at 8000 feet, and others at nearly 18,000 feet elevation.
Puate XXI. 4. Male branch. 2B. Female branch. Fig. 1, 2, 8. Anthers. 4. Pollen. 5. Young cone. 6, 7, 8. Scales
and bracts. 9. Ripe cone. 10, 11. Its scales and bracts. 12. Ripe seeds. 13. The same :—al/ (dut 5, 9, and 12)
more or less magnified.
JDH anal. W Bitch del. ¢ hth
7
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Vincent Brooks Imp .
PLATE XXII.
CYRTOSIA (ERYTHRORCHIS) LINDLEYANA, ay e 7.
Nat. Ord. OrcHIpEA.
Herba robusta elata aphylla, rhizomate elongato torto fibras crassas simplices tortuosas obtusas emittente, ad nodos
squamoso, apice incrassato in caulem erectum 2~3-pedalem solidum desinente, caule glabro cylindraceo basin
versus squamato, squamis ovato-oblongis basi lata insertis obtusis, panicula laxe ramosa, ramis paucis horizonta-
libus basi bracteatis pubescentibus 5—10-floris, floribus spicatis basi bracteolatis, ovario cylindraceo perianthio
aequilongo velutino tomentoso, perianthii subglobosi sepalis exterioribus oblongis obtusis velutinis 3-5-costatis v.
subalatis costis flexuosis, petalis oblongo-rotundatis margine crispatis, labello ovato-oblongo concavo lateribus erectis
v. incurvis marginibus eroso-fimbriatis extus glabro intus barbato subpaleaceo, columna arcuata apice utrinque bi-
dentata glaberrima antice plana, stigmate transverso, anthera conico-oblonga recurva extus papilloso-tuberculata
basi biloba biloculari loculis hippocrepiformibus, polliniis 2 hippocrepiformibus cylindraceis laxe granulatis, granulis
globosis ternis quaternisve, capsulis magnis pendulis obtuse trigonis primum carnosis demum valvis 3 tarde dehis-
centibus, seminibus late alatis.
Pococuitus, Falconer, MSS.
Has. In sylvis temperatis Himalayz orientalis et montibus Khasia, alt. 5-7000 ped. FV. Jul.
The subject of the present Plate is certainly the most remarkable Orchid in the Himalaya, if not in all
India, and belongs to a small genus, native of the Eastern Himalaya, the Khasia mountains, and the
Malayan Islands. This was established by Blume on a Javanese plant with pulpy indehiscent fruit and
wingless seeds, of which two species are figured in his ‘ Flora Javee;’ since then the same learned author
has proposed another generic name (Hrythrorchis) for an allied plant agreeing with C. Lindleyi in having
dehiscent fruit and winged seeds. After a careful study of these, however, Dr. Thomson and I have come
to the conclusion that the above characters are not of generic importance, being unaccompanied with any
differences of habit, and the characters themselves being subject to considerable modification in the several
species; thus the fruit of C. Lindleyana is very fleshy, and presents no trace of dehiscence until old and
dry, when the valves often do not separate wholly, and the breadth of the wing of the seeds is a very
variable character in this species, whilst others have much narrower wings.
Though so different in habit, Cyrtosia is very nearly allied to Vanilla, a genus having a somewhat
similar pollen-mass and three-valved fleshy capsule, without the intermediate pieces so conspicuous in the
ordinary type of Orchideous fruit. The hairs of the ovarium are branched and cellular. The tissues of the
plant abound in a viscid fluid, and are formed of loose cellular tissue, full of oblong and quadrate cells, con-
taining raphides, and traversed by stout woody bundles; the latter are composed of spirally marked tubes,
long superimposed cells with dotted walls, very broad tracheee, and thick-walled woody tubes, with their
sides perforated by pores surrounded by discs, much resembling the woody tissue of Conifere. The three
placentee of the ovary are very broad and slightly convex, studded with innumerable anatropous ovules of
the form and structure common to Orchidee, and along the back of each placenta is a dense mass of white
conducting tissue? formed of delicate white, transparent, mucilaginous tubes.
Cyrtosia Inndleyana is not uncommon near Dorjiling. None of the seeds I sent to Calcutta or to
England germinated, nor did the roots which I dug up live, either at Dorjiling or Calcutta. I never could
trace any parasitic attachment between its roots and those of the other plants with which it grew, nor am I
aware that a parasitic attachment has been proved to exist in any Orchid. I have also sought in vain for
such in Listera Nidus-avis.
The plant is dedicated by Dr. Thomson and myself to our friend Dr. Lindley, who has laboured so
long and successfully in investigating the structure and affinities of the extremely difficult Natural Order to
which it belongs, and who has kindly undertaken the determination and description of our Indian species
for his admirable work the ‘ Folia Orchidacea.’
Puate XXII. Fig. 1. Labellum. 2, 3. Front and side view of column. 4. Anther, seen from below. 5. Pollen-mass.
6. Grains of pollen. 7. Transverse section of ovary. 8. Hairs from ovary. 9. Placenta, with conducting
tissue P at the back of its lobes. 10. Ovule. 11. Transverse section of ripe capsule. 12. Seed. 13. Seed with
the wings and testa removed in front. 14. Cellular tissue of stem, and raphides. 15. Vascular tissue. 16. Cells
with raphides :—all (but fig. 12) magnified.
Plate XXII.
ath
Witch hth . ; V
PLATE XXIII.
VANDA CATHCART, inal
Nat. Ord. OrcHIDEA.
Longe caulescens, foliis lineari-oblongis planis subundulatis apice rotundatis oblique bilobis racemo laxo erecto paucifloro
brevioribus, sepalis petalisque oblongis rotundatis sessilibus squalibus, labello coriaceo basi mutico auriculato,
auriculis nanis rotundatis lobo intermedio cordato obtuso margine elevato tomentoso rugoso per axin bicostato
ante auriculam carnosissimo.—Lind/. Fol. Orchid. pt. 4; Vanda, p. 8.
Has. In vallibus calidis Himalayz orientalis: Sikkim, alt. 2-4000 ped. FV. Aprili.
Dr. Lindley says of this that “no more remarkable Orchid has been found in Northern India ;” and
though not so showy as the gorgeous Dendrobia (chrysanthum, Devonianum, Farmeri, etc.), amongst which
it grows, it exceeds any of these in its singularity, and its chaste elegant appearance. Living specimens
which I sent to Calcutta flowered in the Botanical Gardens there, but did not survive the voyage to
England.
Puats XXIII. Fig. 1. Ovary, column, and labellum. 2. Front view of column. 3, 4. Pollinia. 5, 6. Anther.
7. Capsule :—all but fig. 7 magnified.
te
at
PLATE XXIV.
PARIS POLYPHYLLA, Su
Nat. Ord. Sminacex.
Foliis 4-9 verticillatis sublonge petiolatis lineari- v. oblongo-lanceolatis acuminatis trinerviis basi rotundatis acutisve, flore
pedicellato, sepalis 4-6 foliaceis ovato-lanceolatis acuminatis trinerviis, petalis 4-6 filiformibus sepalis brevioribus
longioribusve, staminibus 4-10, antheris linearibus filamentis longioribus obtusis v. connectivo subulato producto
terminatis, ovario 4—6-loculari 4—6-angulato, stigmatibus divergentibus revolutis, capsula 4—6-valvi, seminibus
rubris testa aquosa.
Paris polyphylla, Smith in Rees’ Cycl.; Don, Prodr. Fl. Nep. p. 49; Wall. Plant. As. Rar. v. 2. t.126; Kunth, En.
Plant. v. 5. p. 118.
Haz. In sylvis temperatis Himalaye occidentalis centralis et orientalis a Simla ad Bhotan, alt. 6-10,000 ped. FZ. Maio.
LLL NLL IAD PPI ain ripen pihtasp ous PARI nnn
This very singular plant has been long known to botanists, though never hitherto introduced into this
country. It has been supposed to be the same with a Dahurian plant, P. verticillata, Bieb., a point I
cannot ascertain, for want of sufficient specimens of the latter! The characters by which they have been
distinguished depend upon the number of parts of the flower and the relative length of the sepals and petals,
characters which vary in every specimen of P. polyphylla. In those I have examined of P. verticillata and
P. ncompleta, which hardly appears different, the petioles are much shorter.
The specimen I have figured here is by no means the largest I have seen, though I have also found
individuals scarcely three inches high. The parts of the flower are excessively variable in number, size,
shape, and relative dimension, especially the sepals and petals; the anthers are, moreover, sometimes blunt,
and at others have the connective produced into a terminal spur, which invalidates the division of the genus
into Paris and Demidovia, to which latter P. polyphylla has been referred, on account of the acuminate
anthers.
Mr. Cathcart’s drawing differs in the seeds from Wallich’s figure, the latter having been drawn from
dried specimens, in which the brilliant scarlet pulp had shrunk. The seeds are eaten by the Lepchas : they
are sweet, but mawkish.
Puate XIV. Fig. 1. Petal. 2, 3. Stamens of different varieties. 4. Tissue of anther-cell. 5. Pollen-grains. 6. Ovary.
7. Transverse section of ovary. 8. Ovule. 9. Vertical section of ovule. 10. Section of nucleus, showing the
embryo-sac. 11. Ripe fruit. 12: The same viewed from behind. 13. Ripe seed. 14. Vertical section of ripe
seed. 15. Section of albumen. 16. Embryo :—all (but Jig. 11 and 12) magnified.
DR. J.D. HOOKER, ERS.
LIPID rn nnnnynwwmnnnmne
PORTRAIT of DR. HOOKER in the Rhododendron Region of the Himalaya
Mountains, surrounded by his native Lepcha collectors, ete. etc., examining the
plants gathered during the day’s march. Frank Stone, A.R.A.
Two officers of his Nepaulese Guard are in attendance, and their Ghoorka Sepoys
are seated round a fire in the distance. The scene represents a view taken on the
skirts of a pine-forest, at 9000 feet elevation; Kinchin J unga, the loftiest moun-
tain in the world, elevation 28,178 feet, is seen in the distance. The trunk of a
tree on the right is covered with Rhododendron Dalhousie, and other epiphytes.
Extract from Catalogue of the Exhibition of the Royal Academy for 1852.
Mr. Reeve begs to announce that a large handsome engraving of the above
Picture, in his possession, has been executed in mezzotint at the suggestion of the
friends of Dr. Hooker, at a cost of two hundred guineas for 100 Proof Impressions,
of which 60 have been subscribed for at the cost price of £2. 2s. each, and that he
will be happy to receive the names of Subscribers for the remainder. The favour
of an early application is requested. ‘
List of Subscribers.
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