Volume 4 Number 1 1994 NOVON Erysimum hedgeanum (Brassicaceae), a New Name Replacing A rabid op s is erysimoide s Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Missouri Botanical Garden, l\0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. Erysimum hedgeanum is a new name proposed to replace the later homonym that would result from the transfer of Arabidopsis erysimoides to Erysimum. During the past decade, increasing interest in Arabidopsis resulted from the selection of one of its species, A. thaliana (L.) Heynhold, as the model flowering plant in basic and applied research in mo¬ lecular genetics, developmental biology, plant phys¬ iology, evolution, and other fields. The species has been recently named by Patrusky (1991) as the “Drosophila botanica or the fruit fly of plant biol¬ ogy,” and the outstanding features lor its selection as a model organism have been covered by many reviews. The interested reader should consult Mey- erowitz (1989) and references therein. Arabidopsis is one ol the most poorly defined and artificially delimited genera of the Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) (Al-Shehbaz, 1988; Hedge & Tan, 1987). Critical evaluation of the generic disposition of species previously assigned to Arabidopsis is needed. Biosystematic and phylogenetic studies of Arabidopsis and its generic relatives are well un¬ derway at the Missouri Botanical Garden. The pres¬ ent paper deals with one of the problematic species, which for the reasons below should be assigned to the genus Erysimum. Erysimum hedgeanum Al-Shehbaz, nom. nov. Replaced name: Arabidopsis erysimoides Hedge & Kit Tan, PI. Syst. Evol. 156: 202. 1987; not E. erysimoides (Karelin & Kirilov) Kuntze, Rev. Gen. 2; 933. 1891 [listed as E. erysimodes but was based on Arabis erysi¬ moides Karelin & Kirilov], TYPE; Saudi Ara¬ bia. Hail to Jabbah road, Najud, between Qul- ban & Qana, sand dune, 900 m, 9 Mar. 1986, /. S. Collenetle 5713 (holotype, E; isotype, K). Erysimum hedgeanum, which is named in honor of Ian G. Hedge (Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh), an outstanding student of the Brassicaceae and the senior author of Arabidopsis erysimoides, was orig¬ inally described in Arabidopsis mainly because its authors (Hedge & Tan, 1987: 202) concluded that “A thorough herbarium and literature search in Erysimum failed to reveal any species that was at all like the Arabian plant and our conclusion was that it could not be described as a new species in Erysimum. Dr. Adoll Polatschek (Natural History Museum, Vienna) to whom we sent some material for examination also concluded that it could not be described as a new species in Erysimum. " However, no reasons were given to justify its exclusion from Erysimum. The closely appressed medifixed tri¬ e-homes of E. hedgeanum are characteristic of many species of the genus, and the “unusual'’ combination of linear-filiform leaves and reflexed fruits are indeed found in several species of Erysimum. In fact, E. hedgeanum shares with E. sisymbrioides C. A. Meyer, another annual member of the genus, all the basic characters of indumentum, flower, and fruit morphology that definitely support their placement in Erysimum. The characters of the leaves and fruits used by Hedge & Tan (1987) to exclude the species from Erysimum can also be used to exclude it from Arabidopsis. In fact, no species of Arabidopsis or its related genera have the trichome type ol E. hedgeanum. Medifixed appressed trichomes are Novon 4: 1-2. 1994. 2 Novon found in other genera of the Brassicaceae (e.g., Lobularia Desvaux, Weberbauera Gilg & Mus- chler, Farsetia Turra), but in all these cases either all species of the genus have the same trichome type or, in the case of Weberbauera (Al-Shehbaz, 1990), trends of the evolution to medifixed trichornes are found. In my opinion, every aspect of Erysimum hed- geanum supports its placement in Erysimum and not in Arabidopsis. The absence of a very close relative of this species does not justify its exclusion Irom Erysimum nor does it support its placement in a new genus. Furthermore, Hedge & Tan’s (1987) argument that E. hedgeanum (as A. erysimoides) shares with Arabidopsis a similar habit, nonsaccate sepals, small petals, incumbent cotyledons, and readily dehiscent many-seeded fruits can be mis¬ leading because this combination of characters is common elsewhere in the Brassicaceae, including Erysimum, and must have evolved independently several times. The presence of appressed, medifixed, 2-branched trichornes oriented parallel to the long axes of all exposed parts of the plant (excluding petals and stamens) is a typical feature of Erysimum (Price, 1987) and should therefore receive more weight in the generic placement of this species. Acknowledgments. I am most grateful to the National Science Foundation for its support through the grant DEB-9208433. I am also thankful to the directors and curators of the Koyal Botanic Gardens at Edinburgh and Kew' for the loans of the type collection of Arabidopsis erysimoides. Literature Cited Al-Shehbaz, I. A. 1988. The genera of Sisymbrieae (Cruciferae; Brassicaceae) in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 69: 213 237. -. 1990. A revision of Weberbauera (Brassi- caeeae). J. Arnold Arbor. 71: 221-250. Hedge, I. C. & K. Tan. 1987. Two remarkable new Cruciferae from Saudi Arabia. PI. Syst. Evol. 156: 197-206. Meyerowitz, E. M. 1989. Arabidopsis, a useful weed. ' Cell 56: 263-269. Patrusky, B. 1991. Drosophila botanica (the fruit fly of plant biology). Mosaic 22(2): 32-43. Price, R. A. 1987. Systematics of the Erysimum cap- itatum alliance (Brassicaceae). Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. New Species and Combinations of Catostemma and Pachira (Bombacaceae) from the Venezuelan Guayana W illiam S. A Iverson Department of Botany, Birge Hall, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, U.S.A. Abstract. Julian A. Steyermark had completed an extensive study of the Bombacaceae of southern Venezuela, but died before he was able to complete a treatment for the Flora of the Venezuelan Gua¬ yana. This paper lays the final groundwork for pub¬ lication of this treatment and includes two new spe¬ cies, Catostemma durifolius and Far/lira yapacanae, and nineteen new combinations in Pa¬ chira , into which all Venezuelan Guayanan species of Pochota, Bombacopsis, and Rhodognaphal- opsis are placed. Catostemma and Relatives Catostemma Bentham is a small genus ol 10- 14 species found in forests of northern Brazil, south¬ ern Venezuela, the Guianas, and Colombia (Stey¬ ermark, 1987; Paula, 1969). This genus and the closely related Aguiaria Ducke (1 species) and Scle- ronema Bentham (4-5 species) are placed in the tribe Catostemmatae of the Bombacaceae, based on their unifoliolate-compound leaves, few(l 4)-seeded fruits, and their largely free staminal filaments (Hutchinson, 1967). After reading a description ol the palmately compound juvenile leaves of Catos¬ temma commune Sandwith (Sandwith, 1931), Hutchinson surmised that the adult leaves of Ca¬ tostemma were unifoliolate-compound. A more re¬ cently discovered species, Catostemma digitatum J. I). Shepherd & W. S. Alverson, retains palmately compound (i.e., polyfoliolate) leaves into adulthood (Shepherd & Alverson, 1981). In contrast, no pal¬ mately compound juvenile or adult individuals of Aguiaria and Scleronema are known, but Hutch¬ inson concluded that both genera were unifoliolate because of the swollen distal pulvinus on each pet¬ iole, a morphological trait shared by all three genera. However, as fresh material of other genera ol Bom¬ bacaceae has become available in recent years, it is clear that most neotropical taxa share this trait. Thus, a swollen distal pulvinus cannot be used as a synapomorphy for the Catostemmatae. Nevertheless, similarities of flower and pollen structure (cf. Nilsson & Robyns, 1986) probably indicate a close relationship among all three genera. Affinities to other Bombacaceae and Malvales are much less clear. During preparation of the Bombacaceae treat¬ ment for the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, the following material could not be identified with keys in Paula (1969) or Steyermark (1987). Catostemma durifolius W. S. Alverson, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: along Rio Sarven between camps 3 and 4, slopes and talus forest, Sarven-tepui, 1,400 m, 10 Jan. 1953 (fr), Wurdack 34085 (holotype, WIS; isotype, NY not seen). Arbor 9-40 m; petiolis 2-5.5 cm longis; foliorum la minis oblongis ovatis ellipticis vel obovatis duris rigidis corrugatis apice obtusis vel rotundis basi subcordatis vel rotundatis 17-32 cm longis 8-16 cm latis super glabris vel sparsim lepidotis subtus dense lepidoto-tomentulosis pifis munitis; pedicellis ca. 3 mm longis; bracteolis 2- 3; calyce ellipsoideo 16-22 mm longo; petalis obovatis ca. 22 mm longis 9-10 mm latis albis; staminibus min¬ imum 100, tubo staminali ca. 3 mm longo, partibus liberis 10-15 mm longis; stylo ca. 23 mm longo infra medium stellato-tomentoso; fructu ellipsoideo 4-5 cm longo 2-3 cm lato; semine crasso-fusiformi vel ovoideo 4-5 cm longo 2-3 cm lato. Tree, 9-40 in tall. Young branches glabrous or glabrate. Bud scales keeled, densely lanate-tomen- tose with stellate trichomes. Petioles 2-5.5 cm long, densely tomentose or tomentulose, glabrate. Leaj blades oblong, ovate, elliptic or obovate, rigid, very hard, corrugate between lateral nerves, rounded or obtuse at apex, subcordate or rounded at base, 17- 32 cm long, 8-16 cm wide, glabrous or sparsely lepidote with minute, dark brown, stellate trichomes above, densely lepidote-tomentulose with pale golden to dark reddish brown stellate trichomes below; mid¬ rib elevated below; basal secondary nerves 3-5; lateral secondary nerves 8-11 per side, deeply im¬ pressed above, prominent beneath, uniformly as¬ cending at an angle of 45-50°, 1-4.5 cm distant, conspicuously brochidodromous toward tip of leal; Novon 4: 3-8. 1994. 4 Novon tertiary venation impressed above, distinctly ele¬ vated beneath, subparallel, forming a somewhat reg¬ ular pattern. Pedicels ca. 3 cm long, densely stellate- tomentose, bracteolate; bracteoles 2 3, subtending calyx, debate to widely ovate, at tip acute or mu- cronate, 2-3 mm long and wide, reportedly brownish green when fresh, densely stellate-tomentose except the sometimes glabrous apices. Calyx 16 22 mm long, tearing for half or more of length into 2 3 broad lobes, densely stellate-tomentulose without, glabrous within except for the stellate-strigose apex. Petals obovate, obtuse or retuse at apex, ca. 22 mm long, 9- 10 mm wide, white when fresh, reddish brown when dry, densely stellate-tomentose without, glabrous within except for the stellate-pilose apex. Stamens 100 or more, reportedly white when fresh; filaments fused at base into a tube ca. 3 mm long, free above tube for 10 15 mm; anthers ca. 1 mm long. Ovary semi-inferior, rhomboid-ellipsoid, dense¬ ly stellate-tomentose. Style ca. 23 mm long, stellate- tomentose in lower glabrous above; style branches 2-3 mm. Fruit ellipsoid, faintly to strongly costate longitudinally, apparently unilocular, l(occ. 2?)- seeded, reportedly chestnut brown when fresh, densely tomentose or tomentulose with dark brown stellate-echinate trichomes. Testa 1 2 mm thick, dark brown. Seed thick-fusiform or ovoid, 4-5 cm long, 2-3 cm diam., rugulose, ebony, apparently surrounded by thick orange or brown sap produced within the testa. Known only from upper elevation forests in south¬ eastern Bolivar, Venezuela, Catostemma durifolius differs from its congeners by its rigid, very hard, corrugate leaves that are densely lepidote-tomen- tulose with stellate trichomes beneath. Comments on the collection labels suggest that this species is very common where it occurs, yet few collections have been made to date. Common name: Chiman- ayek (Hernandez 500, 520). Paratypes. VENEZUELA. Bolivar: f lanco este del Roraima Tepuy, 05°08'N, 60°43'W, 1,530 rn, 29 Apr. 1987 (fl), Hernandez 500 (MO); unos 6 km al NW del Cerro El Sol, 05°02'N, 60°38'W, 1,450 m, 3 May 1987 (fr), Hernandez 520 (MO). Pachira and Relatives For nearly 30 years, Andre Robyns’s monograph of Hombax I.., sensu lato, has been tlx* authoritative work on the taxonomy of a number of neotropical segregate genera, including Rombaeopsis Pittier, Kriotheca Schott & Endlicher, Pachira Aublet, Pseudobombax Dugand, and Rhodognaphalopsis A. Robyns (Robyns, 1963). Two paleotropical gen¬ era, Hombax L. and Rhodognaphalon (Ulbrich) Roberty, were also included in this work. Examination of the neotropical genera, however, suggests several problems with the segregation of Rhodognaphalopsis from Rombaeopsis , the seg¬ regation of both genera from Pachira, and the re¬ lationship of Pseudobombax and Rhodognaphalon to these other genera. The problems stem from three underlying issues: (1) disagreement about the utility of palynological characters; (2) lack of reasonably complete morphological information for each of the taxa; and (3) cladistic concerns. (1) THE PROBLEM WITH POLLEN Robyns relied heavily on palynological characters to separate neotropical genera. Of the five neotrop¬ ical segregates of Hombax recognized by Robyns, only Kriotheca and Pseudobombax were separated on macrornorphological characters: small flowers (< 6 cm long) and inarticulate leaflets (i.e., having petiolules without a suture at the point of attachment to petiole), respectively. He distinguished Romba- copsis from Rhodognaphalopsis solely on paly¬ nological characters. Species with colpate or col- porate pollen with a reticulate sexine without spines were put in Rombaeopsis. Species with porate or pororate pollen with a structurally uniform and un¬ interrupted (tegillate) or minutely perforated (punc- titegillate) sexine with projecting spines or rods (bac- culae) were placed in Rhodognaphalopsis. Steyermark & Stevens (1988) rejected a distinc¬ tion between the two genera by palynological criteria and argued that the pollen of Rhodognaphalopsis could be easily accommodated within the variability of pollen characters seen in the eurypalynous Rom- bacopsis. My view is that these pollen criteria can, but should not, be used to separate the two genera for a number of reasons. Separation of the two genera causes serious practical problems with the identification of specimens while providing little in¬ sight into phylogeny or evolution. As pointed out by Steyermark and Stevens, the pollen characters do not correlate with any macrornorphological leatures. Thus, generic keys are nearly impossible to con¬ struct for fruiting or sterile material. Removal of Rhodognaphalopsis does little to reduce the mor¬ phological heterogeneity of Rombaeopsis or to de¬ fine the latter as a coherent evolutionary group (i.e., a clade). While it is possible that further studies may demonstrate that “rhodognaphalopsoid” pollen indicates a monophyletic clade within the Bomba- caceae, such a clade could just as well be represented at a sectional, rather than generic, level. Until it can be shown that palynological characters are a Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Alverson Catostemma and Pachira 5 superior guide to phylogeny in the group, macro- morphological characters should take precedence for their utilitarian value in classification (cf., Al¬ verson, 1989). In view of these considerations, I have followed Steyermark and Stevens in rejecting a generic dis¬ tinction between Rhodognaphalopsis and Bom- bacopsis. (2) THE PROBLEM WITH PACHIRA An additional problem encountered in the prep¬ aration of the treatment for Bombacaceae is the separation of the genus Pachira from Bombacopsis. Robyns’s key to genera (1963: 27-28) shows an almost complete overlap in characters between these genera, except in pollen characters and the structure of the seedlings. If Bombacopsis is taken in the broad sense (i.e., as inclusive of Rhodognaphal¬ opsis) , the pollen characters no longer distinguish Bombacopsis from Pachira (because Pachira pol¬ len is intermediate), and only seedling differences remain. Pachira aquatica Aublet has peculiar seedlings adapted to aquatic float dispersal (figs. 10, 11 in Robyns, 1963: 239, 240; figs. 1-7 in Lynch, 1880: 149). The cotyledons are greatly unequal. One is reduced to a broadly deltoid scale or a small, foliose structure, and the other is a very large, thick, fleshy ring that surrounds the stem axis. Both are photo¬ synthetic and lie on the ground (hypogeal) or are slightly elevated (epigeal), and only partially emer¬ gent from the testa (partially cryptocotylar). In con¬ trast, the seedlings of Bombacopsis glabra (Pas- quale) A. Robyns more closely resemble the majority of the seedlings known in the Bombacaceae and related families (fig. 7 in Robyns, 1963: 211; fig. 4 in Piccolo, 1981). The cotyledons are unequal, hut less so than those of P. aquatica, epigeal. and emergent from the testa (phanerocotylar), though still somewhat fleshy. Robyns’s use of seedling structure as a criterion to separate Bombacopsis and Pachira was pre¬ mature, given that his monograph (1963) included data on the seedling morphology of only 2 of the 22 species he attributed to these genera (or 3 of 31, if the species of Rhodognaphalopsis are in¬ cluded). A subsequent paper with 10 new species of Bombacopsis and Rhodognaphalopsis (Robyns, 1967) did not provide additional information on seedling morphology. Sorting species into these gen¬ era was not and still cannot be done by using his seedling criteria, because the information is not available. In subsequent years, the seedling mor¬ phology of Pachira insignis (Swartz) Savigny has been documented ( de Bruijn 969, MO). In this collection, one cotyledon is massive and fleshy like its counterpart of P. aquatica, but both cotyledons are raised above the ground (epigeal) in contrast to the hypogeal cotyledons of P. aquatica and, sup¬ posedly, of the whole genus. Seed size within Bombacopsis sensu lato appears to co-vary with the quantity of silky or wooly, non- wettable hairs (kapok) produced by the endocarp of the fruit. Small-seeded species have copious amounts of kapok, which is dispersed together with the seeds. Presumably, this is an ecological adaptation to in¬ crease the magnitude of seed dispersal, perhaps by increasing buoyancy in wind or water. There also exist a number of large-seeded species of Bomba¬ copsis, such as B. subandina (Dugand) A. Robyns and B. speciosa (Triana & Planchon) A. Robyns. In these species, the kapok has been reduced to a layer of short velutinous hairs on the inner surface of the endocarp; it does not surround the seeds. Given the large dimensions of their seeds and re¬ duction of kapok, these species most likely have seedling morphologies like Pachira aquatica or P. insignis, contrary to Robyns’s key. Phenetically, their overall similarity suggests that they are more closely related to Pachira than to other species of Bombacopsis. Cladistically, possession of large seeds and little kapok almost certainly represents a derived condition, a synapomorphy for these species and Pachira. Practically, flowering specimens of these large-fruited species of Bombacopsis cannot be dis¬ tinguished from Pachira without reference to subtle characters of the pollen, or the ability to recognize individual species historically assigned to the two genera, suggesting that the unification of the genera would provide the nonspecialist with an entity that can be recognized much more easily. In summary, because there are no strong argu¬ ments for retaining Pachira as a genus separate from Bombacopsis sensu lato, all species should be put into synonymy under Pachira, the older generic name. (3) THE PROBLEM WITH PHYLOGENY There are three potential reasons why generic transfers of all Bombacopsis species to Pachira should not be made here. First, there is a chance that additional field collections of Pachira insignis and the large-flowered, large-seeded species of Bom¬ bacopsis will demonstrate that the genera are fairly distinct by characters of their seedlings, but this seems unlikely. Second, transfers to Pachira sensu lato would include Bombacopsis quinata (Jacquin) Dugand, whose nomenclatural stability was deemed 6 Novon important enough to cause the conservation of Bom- bacopsis over Pochota Ramirez Goyena (Proposal 883 in Brummitt, 1990). I find it difficult to believe that transfer of this species to Pachira will cause any significant problems in either the scientific or commercial literature, or that any serious attempt might be made to conserve Bombacopsis over this well-known, widely used generic name. Third, trans¬ fers should not be made il the new combinations are likely to be impermanent. It is difficult to predict the most conservative course from a nomenclatural point of view because the phylogeny of the Bom- bacaceae is unknown. It is possible that species of Bombacopsis or R hodognaphalopsis, if placed into a unified genus, Pachira sensu lato, will have to be removed in a few years when a reliable phylogeny is available for the family. However, there is no assurance that the pollen and seedling characters now used to segregate genera will correspond to synapomorphies defining segregate genera in the future. At least as many new combinations may be necessary even if no transfers w 7 ere made here. One might argue that no action should be taken without full analysis of relationships to Rhodog- naphalon, Bombax, Pseudobombax, and Erioth- eca, the other genera historically included in Bom¬ bax sensu lato. For instance, Pseudobombax differs from Pachira sensu lato primarily by the autapo- morphy of inarticulate leaflets (unique in the Bom- bacaceae). Retaining Pseudobombax as a separate entity from Pachira sensu lato might make the latter paraphyletic (though many could accept such a ge¬ nus), or even polyphyletic. Similarly, retaining the African genus Rhodognaphalon as a separate entity from Pachira sensu lato might also make the latter paraphyletic, but without a cladistic phylogeny of the group this cannot be known. The task at hand, however, is the production of a Flora treatment that includes recognizable genera. Phylogenetic infor¬ mation is desperately needed to produce an evolu¬ tionary classification of the family, but the lack of this information does not mitigate against the des¬ ignation of a workable generic system here. In conclusion, all 18 Venezuelan Guayanan spe¬ cies of Bombacopsis, Pochota, and Rhodogna¬ phalopsis are here placed in synonymy with Pa¬ chira, giving a total of 24 species of Pachira sensu lato in the Flora area. Outside of the Venezuelan Guayana, there are approximately 25 additional spe¬ cies and varieties of Bombacopsis and Rhodog¬ naphalopsis, of which 7 have legitimate names un¬ der Pachira (including the well-known Central American species Pachira [ Bombacopsis ] sessilis Bentham). The other 18 taxa are not transferred here, pending further study. Pachira amazonica (A. Robyns) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Bombacopsis amazon¬ ica A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat. 33: 186. 1963. Pochota amazonica (A. Robyns) Stey- ermark & W. D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 397. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Ama¬ zonas: Sta. Cruz, Rio Atabapo, near mouth of Rio Atacavi, Foldats 3794 (holotype, US; iso¬ type, VEN not seen). Pachira aracamuniana (Steyermark) W. S. Al¬ verson, comh. nov. Basionym: Pochota ara¬ camuniana Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 76: 951, fig. 4. 1989. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Dept. Rio Negro, Cerro Aracamuni summit, 01°32'N, 65°49'W, 1,400 m, Liesner & Carnevali 22559 (holotype, MO; isotype, VEN not seen). Pachira coriacea (Martius) W. S. Alverson, comb, nov. Basionym: Bombax coriaceum Martius, Nov. Gen. Sp. PI. 1: 93. 1826. Rhodogna¬ phalopsis coriacea (Martius) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 33: 289. 1963. Pochota cor¬ iacea (Martius) Steyermark & W. D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 397. 1988. TYPE: Colombia. Amazonas: Martius s.n. (bo- lotype, M not seen). This species represents two of the three subspe¬ cies of Rhodognaphalopsis coriacea designated by A. Robyns, subsp. coriacea and subsp. orinocensis A. Robyns, which are not distinct lrom each other. The third subspecies, subsp. sordida (R. E. Schultes) A. Robyns, occurs in Venezuela and is included below as Pachira sordida (R. E. Schultes) W. S. Alverson. Pachira cowanii (A. Robyns) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Bombacopsis cowanii A. Robyns, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 17: 190. 1967. Pochota cowanii (A. Robyns) Stey¬ ermark & W. D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 397. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Ama¬ zonas: igneous knob along Cano Asisa, 3 km below Paru savanna camp, 200 m, Cowan & Wurdack 31534 (holotype, MO; isotype, NY not seen). Pachira faroensis (Ducke) W. S. Alverson, comb, nov. Basionyn: Bombax faroense Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 122. 1925. Rho- dognaphalopsis faroensis (Ducke) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 33: 292. 1963. TYPE: Brazil. Para: Ducke s.n. [MG 15791] (holo¬ type, RB not seen; isotypes, K not seen, MG not seen, S not seen, U not seen). Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Alverson Catostemma and Pachira 7 Pachira fuscolepidota (Steyermark) W. S. Al¬ verson, comb. nov. Basionym: Pochota fus¬ colepidota Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Plot. Card. 75: 1077. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Dept. Atabapo, Cerro Marahuaca, 1-2 km N of Sima Camp, 03°43'N, 65°31'W, 1,100 m, Liesner 18452 (holotype, MO; iso¬ type, VEN not seen). Pachira gracilis (A. Robyns) W. S. Alverson, comb, nov. Basionym: Rhodognaphalopsis gracilis A. Robyns, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 17: 199. 1967. Pochota gracilis (A. Robyns) Stey¬ ermark & W. D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 397. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Ama¬ zonas: Rio Pacimoni, 12 km below mouth of Rio Yatua, 100-140 m, Maguire, It urdack <£• Maguire 41653 (holotype, MO; isotype, NY not seen). Pachira gracilis subsp. bolivarensis (Steyer¬ mark) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Pochota gracilis (A. Robyns) Steyermark & W. D. Stevens subsp. bolivarensis Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 1078. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: Rio Kanarakuni, southern base of Cerro Sarisarinama, 400 m, Steyermark 98206 (holotype, VEN not seen; isotype, NY). Pachira liesneri (Steyermark) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Pochota liesneri Stey¬ ermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 1079. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Dept. Atabapo, Salto Yureba, Cerro Yureba, lower Ventuari, ca. 04°03'N, 66°01'W, 350 m, Lies¬ ner 18637 (holotype, MO; isotype, VEN not seen). Pach ira mawarinumae (Steyermark) \\ . S. Al¬ verson, comb. nov. Basionym: Pochota ma¬ warinumae Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 1079. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Dept. Rio Negro, near Cerro Neb- lina Base Camp on the Rio Mawarinurna, 00°50'N, 66°10'W. 140 m, Liesner 16355 (holotype, MO; isotvpe, VEN not seen). Pachira obovata (A. Robyns) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Bombacopsis obovata A. Robyns, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 17: 192. 1967. Pochota obovata (A. Robyns) Steyermark & W. D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 397. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Rios Pacimoni Yatua, Casiquiare, rainforest along Rio Yaciba, 2 hours above mouth, 160 m, Maguire, Wurdack & Bunting 36529 (holotype, MO; isotype, NY not seen). Pachira orinocensis (A. Robyns) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Bombacopsis orinocen¬ sis A. Robyns, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 17: 193. 1967. Pochota orinocensis (A. Robyns) Steyermark & W. D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 398. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: occasional, Rio Orinoco, 100-300 m, tVurdack & Monachino 39836 (holotype, MO; isotype, NY not seen). Pachira paraensis (Ducke) W. S. Alverson, comb, nov. Basionym: Bombax paraense Ducke, Arch. Jard. Bot. Rio de Janeiro 4: 124. 1925. Bombacopsis paraensis (Ducke) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 33: 213. 1963. TYPE: Brazil. Para: Ducke s.n. [RB 18094] (lecto- tvpe, RB; isolectotypes, G, K, S, US). Pachira pseudofaroensis (A. Robyns) W. S. Al¬ verson, comb. nov. Basionym: Rhodogna¬ phalopsis pseudofaroensis A. Robyns, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 17: 201. 1967. Pochota pseudofaroensis (A. Robyns) Steyermark & W. D. Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 398. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: ig¬ neous knob along Cano Asisa, 3 km below Paru savanna camp, 200 m, Cowan & It urdack 31547 (holotype, MO; isotype, NY). Pachira quinata (Jacquin) W. S. Alverson, comb, nov. Basionym: Bombax quinatum Jacquin, Enum. Syst. PI. 26. 1760. Pochota quinata (Jacquin) W. D. Stevens, Taxon 36: 463. 1987. TYPE: Panama. Canal Zone: Fendler 310 (neotype, K not seen; isoneotypes, B\1 not seen, FI not seen, GFI not seen, MO not seen, TDC not seen, US). Pachira robynsii (Steyermark & W . I). Stevens) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Pochota robynsii Steyermark & W. D. Stevens, nom. nov., Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 1586. 1988. Replaced name: Bombacopsis coriacea A. Ro¬ byns, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 17: 190. 1967. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Cerro Neblina, Rio Yatua, slopes E of Cumbre Camp, 1,600-1,800 m, Maguire, Wurdack & Ma¬ guire 42182 (holotype, NY). Pachira rupicola (A. Robyns) W. S. Alverson, comb. nov. Basionym: Bombacopsis rupicola A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 33: 188. 1963. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: L. Williams 11630 (holotype, US not seen; isotypes, F not seen, US not seen). 8 Novon Pachira sordida (R. E. Schultes) W. S. Alversou, comb. nov. Basionym: Bornbax sordidum R. E. Schultes, But. Mus. Leafl. 16: 75. 1953. Rhodognaphalopsis coriacea (Martins) A. Ro¬ byns var. sordida (R. E. Schultes) A. Robyns, Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 33: 292. 1963. Pochota sordida (R. E. Schultes) Steyermark & W. I). Stevens, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 398. 1988. TYPE: Colombia. Vaupes: Rio Negro, El Castillo or San Felipe, near confluence of Rios Cuainia and Casiquiare, Schultes & Lopez 93 12 (holotype, GH not seen). Pachira lepuiensis (Steyermark) W. S. Alversou, comb. nov. Basionym: Pochota tepuiensis Steyermark, Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 75: 1081-1082. 1988. TYPE: Venezuela. Boli¬ var: Meseta de Jana, Cerro Sarisarinama, sum¬ mit, 04°41 '40"N, 64°13'20"W, 1,380 m, Steyermark, Carreno Espinosa A Brewer- Carias 108938 (holotype, YEN not seen; photo of holotype, MO). Finally, in keeping with Steyermark’s treatment of the genus Pochota, the following species is new for the Venezuelan Guayana: Pachira yapacanae Steyermark ex W. S. A1 ver¬ son, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Amazonas: Cerro Yapacana, savanna number three, 130 m, 1 Jan. 1951 (fr), Maguire, Cowan, & II ur- dack 30589 (holotype, NY). Arbor ad 5 m; foliolis 4-5 late ovato-oblongis apice rotundatis basi rotundatis vel late obtusis 8-10.5 cm longis 4.5- 6 cm latis conspicue discoloribus subtus indumento farinaceo pallido grisaceo obtectis. Tree to 5 m tall. Leaves 4-5 foliolate. Petioles 6.5- 7 cm long. Leaflets subcoriaceous, broadly ovate-oblong, rounded at apex, rounded or broadly obtuse at base, 8-10.5 cm long, 4.5-6 cm wide; lower surface completely covered by a pale gray farinaceous indument, conspicuously dark brown lepidote beneath; lateral secondary nerves 9 13 on each side, slightly elevated below, anastomosing 3- 7 mm from the margin, slightly impressed above; intermediate nerves less prominent; tertiary vena¬ tion slightly elevated below, loosely reticulate, sub¬ horizontal to 10°-angled. Petiolule 5 8 nun long, 2 mm wide. Pedicel solitary, axillary, 1.5 cm long, 3 mm wide. Receptacle glandular, 0.7 cm long, 1 cm wide, pale lepidote. Calyx tube shortly campanulate, truncate at summit, 0.5 cm long, 1 cm wide at summit, pale lepidote. Capsule obovate, truncate at summit, 4 cm long, 2.5 cm wide at summit, glabrous except for the reddish brown lepidote surface. I bis species is distinguished from other species of Pachira by the combination of a pale gray far¬ inaceous indument on the lepidote lower leaf surface, and the broadly ovate-oblong leaf blades rounded at the apex and rounded or broadly obtuse at the base. Acknoieledgments. I thank Jackie Kallunki, Hugh litis, Bruce Holst, and Paul Berry for helpful com¬ ments on the manuscript, Kay Yatskievych for aid in locating basionyms, Robert Kowal for advice on nomenclature, and David Baum on matters cladistic. Literature Cited Alverson, W. S. 1989. Matisia and Quararibea (Bom- bacaceae) should be retained as separate genera. Taxon 38: 377-388. Brummitt, R. K. 1990. Report of the Committee for Spermatophyta. 37. Taxon 39: 293-296. Hutchinson, J. 1967. The Genera of Flowering Plants, Dicotyledones, vol. 2. Oxford Univ. Press, London. Lynch, R. I. 1880. On the seed structure and germi¬ nation of Pachira aquatica. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 17: 147-149. Nilsson, S. & A. Robyns. 1986. Bombacaceae Kunth. In: S. Nilsson (editor), World Pollen and Spore Flora 14: I 59. Paula, J. E. de. 1969. Estudos sobre Bombacaceae — I. Ciencia e Cultura 21(4): 697-719. Piccolo, Antonia Lelia Guadagnuci. 1981. Sobre o fruto, semente e estagios iniciais de desenvolvimento de Bombacopsis glabra (Pasq.) A. Robyns. Garcia de Orta, Bot. 5(1): 1-4, plus three unpaginated plates. Robyns, A. 1963. Essai de monographic du genre Bom- bax s.l. (Bombacaceae). Bull. Jard. Bot. Etat 33(1/ 2): 1-316. -. 1967. Bombacaceae. Pp. 190-201 in B. Maguire et al., The Botany of the Guyana Highland, part 7. Mem. New York Bot. Card. 17: 190-201. Sandwith, N. Y. 1931. Contributions to the flora of tropical America — IV, The Baromallis of British Gui¬ ana. Kew Bull. 1931: 46-54. Shepherd, J. D. & W. S. Alverson. 1981. A new Ca- tostemma (Bombacaceae) from Colombia. Brittonia 33: 587-590. Steyermark, J. A. 1987. Flora of the Venezuelan Gua¬ yana— III. Ann. Missouri Bot. Garil. 74: 609-658. - & W. D. Stevens. 1988. Notes on Rhodo¬ gnaphalopsis and Bombacopsis (Bombacaceae) in the Guayanas. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 396- 398. New Species of Daphnopsis (Thymelaeaceae) from Panama Kerry Barringer Brooklyn Botanic Garden, 1000 Washington Avenue, Brooklyn, New York 1 1225-1099, U.S.A. Korin I. Nevling, Jr. Illinois Natural History Survey, 607 E. Peabody Drive, Champaign, Illinois 61820, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Daphnopsis folsomii, D. hammelii, and I), rnorii are described and illustrated. A key to the Panamanian species of Thymelaeaceae is provided. For many years only one species of Daphnopsis C. Martius & Zuccarini, D. americana (Miller) .Johnston, was known in Panama (Nevling, 1959; Woodson, 1958). A second species, D. cor rear Bar¬ ringer & Nevling, was added recently (Nevling & Key to the Species of Thymelaeaceae in Panama Barringer, 1986). The three species described here increase the number of species known from Panama to five. One species of Schoenobiblus C. Martius & Zuccarini, S. panamensis Standley & L. 0. Wil¬ liams, is known from Panama. Daphnopsis amer¬ icana and S. panamensis are lowland species and are relatively widespread. The rest of the species are found in upland regions, and their distributions appear to be discrete (Fig. 4). la. Calyx lobes longer than the tube; stamens exserted, filaments > 1 mm long .... Schoenobiblus panamensis 1 b. Calyx lobes shorter than the tube; stamens included or borne at the mouth, filaments < 1 mm long, (Daphnopsis). 2a. Inflorescence a dichotomously branched umbel; antisepalous stamens borne on calyx lobes . . D. americana subsp. caribaea 2b. Inflorescence capitate or racemose; antisepalous stamens borne at or just below the mouth of the hypanthium. 3a. Calyx bicolored; disc lobulate. D. correae 3b. Calyx unicolored; disc annular. 4a. Tree; staminate inflorescence racemose, primary peduncles 2-2.5 cm long; leaves 4-13 cm long . D. hammelii 4b. Shrub; staminate inflorescence a capitulum, primary peduncles 0.1-0.8 cm long; leaves 13- 21 cm long. 5a. Pedicels 2-5 mm long; leaves often glaucous . D. rnorii 5b. Pedicels to 1 mm long; leaves green below . D. folsomii Daphnopsis folsomii Barringer & Nevling, sp. nov. TYPE; Panama. Darien: Cerro Pirre, 10- 20 July 1977, Folsom 1543 (holotype, MO). Figure 1. Species D. hammellii foliis glabris inflorescentiis brac- teatis flores subsessilis stylis 4 mm longis differt. Subshrub, 0.5-2 m tall; bark brown; stems di¬ chotomously branched, glabrous. Leaves alternate; petioles 0.7-1.5 cm long, slightly thickened, gla¬ brous; blade oblanceolate to obovate, 12-25 cm long, 4.5-11.5 cm wide, subcoriaceous to coria¬ ceous, glabrous, green above, lighter below, the base cuneate, the apex acuminate, the venation obscure above, prominent below. Staminate inflorescence not seen. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, capitate, se¬ riceous, the rachis 2-4 mm long, the secondary peduncle 1 mm long, many-flowered, the bracts lanceolate, 5-7 mm long, sericeous above, keeled, acuminate. Pistillate flowers 10 15 per inflores¬ cence; pedicel less than 1 mm long; hypanthium tubular, 5 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, sericeous; calyx lobes triangulate, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide at the base, recurved, glabrous within, with a tuft of tri- chomes at the apex; staminodes 4, minute; disc annular, less than 1 mm tall; pistil 4-6 mm long, borne on a gynophore 0.5 mm long, the style 4 mm long, exserted, the stigma capitate. Fruit white, ovoid, 15-20 mm long, 6-12 mm wide, the apex rounded. This species is named for James Folsom of the Huntington Botanical Gardens. It is known from Cerro Pirre in the eastern Darien Province and from the vicinity of Alto Calvario, north of El Cope in the Code Province (Fig. 4). We know of no expla¬ nation for this apparent disjunction. Novon 4: 9-15. 1994. 10 Novon Daphnopsis folsomii Barringer & Nevling. —A. Habit. —B. Female flower. —C. Longitudinal section of female flower. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Barringer & Nevling Daphnopsis 11 Vh U-. Daphnopsis hammelii Barringer & Nevling. —A. Habit. —B. Female flower. —C. Male flower. 12 Novon The species differs from all other Daphnopsis by the densely bracteolate pistillate inflorescence. It is classified in subgenus Daphnopsis because of its dichotomous branching and extra-axillary inflores¬ cences. It is similar to D. hammellii Barringer & Nevling, but differs from that species in having larg¬ er leaves and subsessile flowers. Paratypes. PANAMA. Darien: Cerro Pirre, 10-20 July 1977, Folsom 4543 (MO). Code: lumber camp at Alto Calvario, 7 kin N of El Cope, 900 m, Folsom 1285 (MO); Alto Calvario, forest around Rivera sawmill, 7 + km N of El Cope, 700-900 m, 13 Dec. 1980, Folsom 3276 (MO); area surrounding Rivera sawmill, Alto Cal¬ vario, 7 km N of El Cope, 700-850 m, 25 Nov. 1977, Folsom & Collins 6515 (MO); N of El Cope near con¬ tinental divide, 8°38'N, 80°35'W, 750 m, 8 Apr. 1988, McPherson 12427 (MO); between Cana Susio and wa¬ terfall at base of Cerro Tife, NW of El Cope and El Petroso sawmill, 8°38'N, 80°36'W, 13 Dec. 1980, Syts- ma, Hahn & Antonio 2531 (MO). Daphnopsis hammelii Barringer & Nevling, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Chiriqui: end of road past Palo Alto, NE of Boquete, in forest along ridge, 6,600 ft., 8 Feb. 1979, Hammel 606.5 (ho- lotype, MO). Figure 2. Species D. anomalae inflorescentiis capitatis, hypan- thiis masculinis anguste tubulosis hypanthiis femininis ur- ceolatis diversa. Tree or shrub, to 5 m tall; trunk to 30 cm DB1I. hark reddish brown, becoming gray; stems dichot- omously branched, sericeous, glabrescent. Leaves alternate; petioles 8 10 mm long, flattened above, sericeous to glabrescent; blade oblanceolate to lan¬ ceolate, 4-13 cm long, 2.2 4 cm wide, coriaceous to subcoriaceous, glabrous and dark green above, sericeous, glabrescent, and light green below, the base cuneate, the apex acute to acuminate, the venation obscure above, prominent below, with a marginal vein developed toward the apex. Staminate inflorescence racemose to capitate, sericeous; pri¬ mary peduncle 2-2.5 cm long; rachis 1.7 mm long; secondary peduncle 1 mm long. Staminate flowers 35-50 per head; pedicel 4 5 mm long, sericeous; hypanthium narrowly tubular, greenish white, 8-10 mm long, flaring and 2 mm wide at the mouth, sericeous outside, glabrous within; calyx lobes tri¬ angular, 2 mm long, reflexed, glabrous within; petals absent; stamens 8, obdiplostemonous, the antise- palous whorl borne at the mouth of the hypanthium, exserted, the alternisepalous whorl borne 2 mm be¬ low the mouth of the hypanthium, included, the anthers ovoid, sessile, about 1 mm long; disc an¬ nular; pistillode bottle-shaped, 1 mm long, sericeous. Pistillate inflorescence terminal, capitate, sericeous; rachis 1 3 mm long; secondary pedicel 1 mm long. Pistillate flowers 2 3 per inflorescence; pedicel 2- 4 mm long; hypanthium urceolate, narrowed at the mouth, 2-3 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, sericeous; calyx lobes triangulate, 12 mm long, strongly re¬ curved, glabrous within, with a tuft of trichomes at the apex; staminodes 4, minute; disc annular, less than 1 mm tall; pistil 1.0-1.5 mm long, borne on a gynophore less than 0.5 mm tall, the style 1 mm long, slightly exserted, the stigma capitate. Drupe green, ovoid, to 15 mm long, 8 mm wide, the apex obtuse. This species is named for Barry Hammel of the Missouri Botanical Garden. It is only known from around Boquete in western Panama (Fig. 4). It is distinctive among the Panamanian species because of its capitate inflorescences, large, narrowly tu¬ bular, male flowers, and urceolate female flowers with a constriction at the mouth. It is classified in subgenus Daphnopsis and appears to be most close¬ ly related to the Colombian species D. anornala (Kunth) Nevling. Daphnopsis hammelii can be eas¬ ily distinguished from that species by having capitate inflorescences and narrowly tubular hypanthia. It is similar to D. folsomii Barringer & Nevling, hut that species differs in having larger leaves, subsessile flowers, and densely hracteate pistillate inflores¬ cences. Paratypes. PANAMA. Boeas del Toro: NW of Cer¬ ro Pate Macho, 6,400 ft., 10 Feb. 1979, Hammel 6104 (MO). Chiriqui: between Palo Alto and top of divide near Cerro Pate Macho, above Rio Palo Alto, NE of Boquete, 5,400-7,100 ft., 18 Mar. 1979, D'Arcy, Ham¬ mel & Averett 12653 (MO); end of road past Palo Alto, NE of Boquete, in forest along ridge, 6,200-6,800 ft., 8 Feb. 1979, Hammel 6041 (MO); 3.5 mi. NE of Bo¬ quete, end of road along Rio Palo Alto, 6,400 ft., 18 Nov. 1978, Hammel 5696 (MO); end of road past Palo Alto NE of Boquete, 6,600 ft., 8 Feb. 1979, Hammel 6065 (MO). Daphnopsis morii Barringer & Nevling, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Chiriqui: N of San Felix, at the Chiriqui Bocas del Toro border, on Cerro Colorado, copper mine road along the conti¬ nental divide, 5,000 5,500 ft., 4 May 1975, Mori & Kallunki 5889 (holotype, F; isotype, MO). Figure 3. Species Daphnopsis tuerckheimianae a (Tin is sed foliis longioribus 13-21 cm longis, pedunculo 5-8 mm longo, inflorescentiis sericeo, disco annulari. Shrub to 1.5 m tall; young growth sericeous, glabrescent; older growth with a light brown cortex, the lenticels not prominent. Leaves alternate; petiole 7-10 mm long, slightly winged, glabrous; blade lan¬ ceolate to oblanceolate, 13-21 cm long, 4-6.5 cm Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Barringer & Nevling Daphnopsis 13 Figure 3. Daphnopsis morii Barringer & Nevling. —A. Habit. — B. Male flower. —C. Female flower. 14 Novon u 3 .5P U- Distributions of Daphnopsis correae, D. folsomii, D. hammelii, and D. morii. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Barringer & Nevling Daphnopsis 15 wide, subcoriaceous, glabrous and green above, light green and slightly pubescent on the veins below, the base cuneate, the margin slightly revolute when dry, the apex acuminate, the venation obscure above, prominent below, with a well-developed marginal vein. Staminate inflorescence capitate, sericeous; primary peduncle 0.5-0.8 mm long; rachis 1 mm long; secondary peduncle 1-2 mm long. Staminate flowers 6-12 per inflorescence; pedicel absent; hy- panthium tubular, white, 5 mm long, 1.5-2 mm wide at the mouth, densely sericeous outside, gla¬ brous within; calyx lobes 2 mm long, glabrous within; petals absent; stamens yellow, 8, obdiplostemonous, included, the antisepalous whorl inserted at the mouth of the hypanthium, the alternisepalous whorl in¬ serted about 1.5 mm below the mouth of the corolla, the anthers ovoid, sessile, about 1 mm long, bright orange; disc annular, adnate to the gynophore; pis- tillode bottle-shaped, 1 mm long, glabrous, the gyn¬ ophore 0.1-0.2 mm long. Pistillate inflorescences terminal, capitate to racemose, densely sericeous, the rachis 4-15 mm long, the bracts lanceolate, 4- 8 mm long, sericeous. Pistillate flowers 6-12 per inflorescence; pedicel to 1 mm long; calyx tube tubular to urceolate, 5-6 mm long, 2 mm wide, sericeous; calyx lobes narrowly triangulate, 2 mm long, 1 mm wide at the base, recurved, glabrous within except for a ring of very short trichomes at the mouth; staminodes 4, less than 1 mm long; disc annular, lobulate, 0.5 mm tall; pistil 1.5-2 mm long, sericeous, borne on a gynophore 0.5 mm long, the style 3 mm long, slightly exserted, the stigma cap¬ itate. Drupes ovoid, white, 10-12 mm long, 8-9 mm wide, the apex acute. This species is named for Scott Mori, of the New York Botanical Garden. It is known only from Cerro Colorado in western Panama (Fig. 4). It is classified in subgenus Daphnopsis and appears to be most closely related to D. tuerckheimiana but differs by having primary peduncles 5-8 mm long, an annular disc, a sericeous inflorescence, and leaves 13-21 cm long. Daphnopsis americana (Miller) Johnston subsp. caribaea (Grisebach) Nevling, the most com¬ mon species in Panama, is easily distinguished by its branched inflorescences, anthers borne at the mouth of the hypanthium, and the presence of an annulus at the mouth of the hypanthium. Paratypes. PANAMA. Chiriqui: Cerro Colorado, in¬ tersection of Bocas road with main road, 11.8 km from Chami, 1,400-1,700 m, 24 Oct. 1977, Folsom 6 107 (MO); Cerro Colorado, Bocas Road, 1,500 m, 17-18 Feb. 1977, Folsom & Collins 1779 (MO); Cerro Colo¬ rado, road to Bocas del Toro, just above face of mine, 1,600-1,700 m, 14 Aug. 1977, Folsom, Small & Rob¬ bins 4747 (MO);'/. km N of Quebrada de Arena, Carretera de Oleoducta IRHE Fortuna Hydroelectric Project, 8°46'N, 82°12'W, 1,100 m, 12 Mar. 1982, Knapp, Kress tfr llammel 4029 (MO); Cerro Colorado, on road 35.6 km lrom Rio San Felix bridge, 1,390 m, 15 July 1976, Sullivan 404 (MO). Literature Cited Nevling, L. I. 1959. A revision of Daphnopsis. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 46: 257-358. - & K. Barringer. 1986. New and noteworthy species of Daphnopsis (Thymelaeaceae) from Mex¬ ico and Central America. Phytologia 61: 361-366. Woodson, R. E. 1958. Thymelaeaceae. In: R. Woodson et al. (editors), Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 93-97. New Combinations in Pleuropogon (Poaceae) Paul Pui-Hay But Department of Biology and Chinese Medicinal Material Research Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong ABSTRACT. Pleuropogon Robert Brown subg. Lo- phochlaenus (C. G. Nees von Esenbeck) But is pro¬ posed to accommodate all species in tbe genus other than P. sabinii. Pleuropogon davyi Benson is re¬ duced to P. californicus var. davyi (Benson) But. two nomenclatural changes are proposed here to prepare the way for a treatment oi Pleuropogon Robert Brown lor the forthcoming Manual oj Xorth American Grasses. Pleuropogon Robert Brown has been generally regarded as a small genus of 4-6 species (Benson, 1941; Howell. 1946; Chase in Hitchcock, 1951; Clayton & Renvoize, 1986). These species are hy¬ drophilous grasses found growing in vernal pools, marshy grasslands, meadows, and other wet places. They are easily distinguishable from other grasses by the following combination of characters: culms and leaves soft; sheaths closed; raceme terminal; spikelets linear, with 5 20(-30) florets, oriented toward one direction giving the raceme the appear¬ ance of a semaphore; lemmas awnless or awned, with 7( 9) veins, the veins not convergent at tbe scarious apex; paleal keels winged and bearing 1 or 2 awns or a triangular appendage; lodicules 2, com¬ pletely fused to form a single block. The type species of Pleuropogon , P. sabinii Rob¬ ert Brown, has an arctic-circumboreal distribution from Alaska to arctic Canada, Greenland, Spitsber¬ gen, Franz Josef Land, Novaya Zernlya, Taymyr, eastern Siberia, and also in alpine regions of the Altai mountains. It has small chromosomes and a somatic chromosome number of 40 (llolmer, 1952; Jorgensen et al., 1958; Love & Ritchie, 1966; Hedberg, 1967; Zhukova, 1969; Love & Love, 1978), 41 (Love & Love, 1978), or 42 (Bowden, 1960; Mosquin & Hayley, 1966). The other species in tbe genus, however, are restricted to the Pacific Coast of North America, from southern British Co¬ lumbia to central California; they have larger chro¬ mosomes and somatic chromosome numbers ranging from 16 to 18 and 36 (Myers, 1947; Love & Love, 1978). It was mainly because of their differences in distribution pattern, chromosome size, and basic chromosome numbers that Stebbins (in Jorgensen et al., 1958), Tateoka (1965), Tzvelev (1976, 1989), Love & Love (1978, 1980), and But (1986) either made or adopted the suggestion that the western cordilleran species should be transferred to Lo- phoehlaena C. G. Nees von Esenbeck. I bis sepa¬ ration of the species into two major groups is further supported by the absence in P. sabinii of dwarf short-cells in the glume epidermis and of square, round-prickled cells in palea epidermis (Bui, 1977). However, a review of all morphological characters in the two groups of grasses showed that it would be more appropriate to retain the five species and one variety recognized here in two subgenera within Pleuropogon. Pleuropogon Robert Brown subg. Pleuropogon Chlor. Melv. 226. 1823. TYPE: Pleuropogon sabinii Robert Brown. I bis subgenus contains only the type species, P. sabinii. Pleuropogon sabinii Robert Brown, Chlor. Melv. 226. 1823. Pleuropogon sabinii var. a Robert Brown, Chlor. Melv. 227. 1823. Pleuropogon sabinii var. elatior Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer. 2: 249. 1840. TYPE: Canada. Melville Island: Northwest Territories, Parry (lectotype, se¬ lected here, BM, plant in lower right-hand cor¬ ner). Pleuropogon sabinii var. (3 Robert Brown, Chlor. Melv. 227. 1823. Pleuropogon sabinii var. humilior Hooker, FI. Bor. Arner. 2: 249. 1840. TYPE: Can¬ ada. Melville Island: Northwest Territories, Parry (lectotype, selected here, BM, plant in upper left- hand corner). Pleuropogon sabinii f. aquaticus Simmons, Rep. 2d Nor¬ wegian Arct. Exp. Frarn. no. 2, 170. 1906. TYPE: Canada. Ellesmere Island: Fram Fjord, “in lacubus, rivulis etc.," 26 Aug. 1899, Simmons 1600 (ho- lotype, 0; isotypes, C, CAN, K, LE, NY, S). Pleuropogon sabinii f. terreslris Simmons, Rep. 2d Nor¬ wegian Arct. Exp. Fram. no. 2, 170. 1906. TYPE: Canada. Ellesmere Island: Fram Fjord, “in rivulis siccatis,” 26 Aug. 1899, Simmons 1 666 (holotype, 0; isotypes, BM, C, GH, NY, S). Novon 4: 16-17. 1994. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 But Pleuropogon 17 Pleuropogon Robert Brown subg. Lophochlaen- us (C. G. Nees von Esenbeck) But, comb, et stat. nov. Lophochlaena C. G. Nees von Esen¬ beck, Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 1, 1: 283. 1838. TYPE: Pleuropogon californicus (C. G. Nees von Esenbeck) Bentham ex Vasey = Lophoch¬ laena californica C. G. Nees von Esenbeck. Four species are recognized in this subgenus: P. californicus (C. G. Nees von Esenbeck) Bentham ex Vasey, P. oregonus Chase, P. hooverianus (Ben¬ son) J. T. Howell, and P. refractus (A. Gray) Ben¬ tham ex Vasey. Pleuropogon californicus is further divided into the following two varieties: Pleuropogon californicus (C. G. Nees von Esen¬ beck) Bentham ex Vasey var. californicus. Grasses U.S. 40. 1883. TYPE: U.S.A. Cali¬ fornia: 1833, Douglas s.n. (neotype, selected here, GH; isoneotypes, BM, K, NY). Pleuropogon douglasii Trinius ex Steudel, Nom. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 355. 1841. nom. nud.; Lepitoma brevifolia Torrey ex Steudel, Nom. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 355. 1841. pro. syn. Pleuropogon californicus (C. G. Nees von Esen¬ beck) Bentham ex Vasey var. davyi (Benson) But, comb. nov. Basionym: Pleuropogon davyi Benson, Amer. J. Bot. 28: 360. 1941. Lo¬ phochlaena californica var. davyi (Benson) A. Love & 1). Love, Taxon 27: 375. 1978. TYPE: U.S.A. California: Lake County, 1 mi. N of Kelseyville, 14 June 1932, Benson 3666 (holotype, POM; isotypes, DS, US, POM). Acknowledgments. I thank Lincoln Constance and Mary E. Barkworth for valuable advice and encouragement, and the curators of AHUC, AR1Z, BM, C. CAN, CAS, DAO, DS, F, GH, JEPS, K, LE, MO, NY, O, ORE, OSU. POM, RSA, S, UBC, UC, US, V, UVIC, WILLU, SW, and WTS for specimen loans. Partial support was received from the National Science Foundation (BHS75-17083). Literature Cited Benson, L. 1941. Taxonomic studies. Amer. J. Bot. 28: 358-360. Bowden, W. M. 1960. Chromosome numbers and tax¬ onomic notes of northern grasses. II. Tribe Festu- ceae. Canad. J. Bot. 38: 117-131. But, P. P. H. 1977. Systematics of Pleuropogon R. Br. (Poaceae). Doctoral Dissertation, University of California, Berkeley. University Microfilms Inter¬ national, Ann Arbor. -. 1986. Taxonomy of Oregon Semaphore Grass, Lophochlaena oregona (Poaceae). Madrono 33: 146-147. Clayton, W. D. & S. A. Renvoize. 1986. Genera Gra- minum. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, London. Hedberg, O. 1967. Chromosome numbers of vascular plants from arctic and subarctic North America. Ark. Bot. ser. 2, 6: 309-326. Hitchcock, A. S. 1951. Manual of the Grasses of the United States (Revised by A. Chase). U.S. Dept. Agr. Misc. Puhl. 200. Holmer, K. 1952. Cytological studies on the flora of Peary Island, North Greenland. Meddel. Gronland. 128: 1-40. Howell, J. T. 1946. Notes of the grass family in Marin County, California. Leaf!. W. Bot. 4: 243-247. Jorgensen,C. A.,Th.Sorensen&M. Westergaard. 1958.The flowering plants of Greenland. Biol. Skr. 9(4): 1- 172. Love, A. & D. Love. 1978. Poaceae. In: A. Love (editor), IOPB chromosome number reports LXI. Taxon 27: 375-392. - & -. 1980. Resurrection of the grass genus Lophochlaena. Bob Soc. Brot. ser. 2, 53: 563-585. - & J. C. Ritchie. 1966. Chromosome numbers from central northern Canada. Canad. J. Bot. 44: 429 439. Mosquin, T. & D. E. Hayley. 1966. Chromosome num¬ bers and taxonomy of some Canadian arctic plants. Canad. J. Bot. 44: 1209-1218. Myers, W. M. 1947. Cytology and genetics of forage grasses. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 13: 318-421. Tateoka, T. 1965. Notes on some grasses XVIII. Af¬ finities of the genus Streblochaete. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 78: 289-293. Tzvelev, N. N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. Nauka Publishers, Leningrad, 2: 545-546. [Grasses of the Soviet Union (English Translation). Amerind Publishing Co., New Delhi, 2: 808 (1983).] -. 1989. The system of grasses (Poaceae) and their evolution. Bot. Rev. (N.Y.) 55: 141-204. Zhukova, P. G. 1969. Chromosome numbers in certain plant species indigenous to the northeast of the U.S.S.R. IV. Bot. Zhurn. 54: 1985-1990. Paspalum biaristatum (Poaceae: Paniceae), a New Serpentine Endemic from Goias, Brazil, and the Second Awned Species in the Genus Tare iso S. Filgueiras Reserva Ecologies do IBGE, Caixa Postal 08770, 70200-200 Brasilia, DF, Brazil Gerrit Davidse Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, U.S.A. Abstract. Paspalum biaristatum, a perennial species of subgenus Ceresia, is described, illustrated, and compared to its putative sister species, the an¬ nual P. longiaristatum Davidse & Filgueiras, as well as to other species in the subgenus. A new section, Biaristata, is described to accommodate the new species and P. longiaristatum. During a field trip to Niquelandia in the Brazilian state of Goias to re-collect material of the recently described Paspalum longiaristatum (Davidse & Fil¬ gueiras, 1993), much to our surprise, another un¬ usual Paspalum L. with awned spikelets was dis¬ covered. It seems obviously related to P. longiaristatum but differs in a number of significant characters and is here described as a new species. Paspalum biaristatum Filgueiras & Davidse, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Goias: Niquelandia, Ma- cedo, ca. 14°18'S, 48°23'W, 18 km N de Niquelandia, cerca de 80 cm de altura, raque cor verde, 10 jun. 1992, T. S. Filgueiras 2311 (holotype, IBGE; isotypes, B, F, FLAS, IGN, ISC, K, MEXU, MO, P, R, RB, SI, SP, LB, US). Figure 1. Paspalo longiaristato Davidse & Filgueiras spiculis anguste elliptico-lanceolatis, gluma superiore aristata, lerri- rnate inferiori aristato, lodiculis nullis simile sed habitu perenni, culmis 73-125 cm altis, spiculis 3.8-4.5 mm longis, arista superioris glumae 4-7.1 mm longa et arista inferioris lemmatis 3.8-4.5 longa absimile. Coarse, caespitose perennial. Rhizomes small, knotty, superficial. Culms 73 125 cm tall, semi- decumbent at the base, erect upward, unbranched or branched, with 6-9 elongated internodes; inter¬ nodes hollow, stramineous, the lower ones scaber- ulous toward the apex, the upper ones smooth, gla¬ brous; nodes dark, the lower ones glabrous to papillose-hirsute, the upper ones glabrous. Leaves mostly cauline; sheaths strongly striate, rounded on the back, the lower ones papillose-hirsute, becoming glabrescent to glabrous upward, the margins free, one densely ciliate, the hairs 1 1.5 mm long, rarely both margins ciliate; ligule a minute ciliate mem¬ brane, the membrane 0.2-0.3 mm long, the cilia 1-1.2 mm long; blades 7.2-19.3 cm long, 1.2-5 mm wide, flat, linear, papillose-hirsute, the marginal hairs 1-2 mm long, slightly narrowed basally, abruptly acuminate apically, the midrib projected abaxially. Inflorescence of (1 -)2-4(-7), racemosely arranged, unilateral racemes; peduncle included to well exserted, glabrous; common rachis 4-5.8 cm long, glabrous to papillose, with a tuft of hairs at the base of each internode and each raceme; ra¬ cemes (1.7—)3—8(— 13) cm long, arcuate, acuminate apically; raceme rachis extending beyond the spike- lets to an acuminate sterile apex, prominently winged, the wings 4.5 7 mm wide, completely enclosing the spikelets, the central portion coriaceous, light green, the middle portion membranous, green or with pur¬ ple spots, slightly striate, the outer portion hyaline, colorless, nerveless, the margins minutely denticu- late-ciliolate. Spikelets solitary, alternately arranged on each side of the rachis, pedicelled; pedicel 0.3- 0.5 mm long, scabrid. Spikelets 3.8-4.5 mm long, 0.4-0.5 mm wide, dorsally compressed, abaxial, disarticulating below the glumes and falling as a unit, narrowly elliptic-lanceolate in outline, pale, rarely purple, awned, with 2 florets; lower glume absent; upper glume 3.8-4.5 mm long, as long as the spike- let, awned, strongly 3-nerved, pale, rarely purplish, hyaline, narrowed at the base, slightly to promi¬ nently convex on the back in the lower Vi- 1 /,, flat in the upper densely pubescent on the back in the lower ‘/j- 1 /,, otherwise glabrous, the margins densely pectinate-ciliate with hairs 1.7-2.2 mm long, the awn 4-7.1 mm long, minutely antrorsely sca- berulous, flexuous, not geniculate; lower floret ster¬ ile, consisting only of an awned, lower lemma 3.8- 4.5 mm long, pale, rarely purplish, hyaline, densely pubescent on the back in the lower /-'/^ otherwise glabrous on the back, the margins densely pectinate- ciliate with cilia 1.7-2.2 mm long, the awn 3.8- 4.5 mm long, minutely antrorsely scaberulous, flex- Novon 4: 18-22. 1994. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Filgueiras & Davidse Paspalum biaristatum 19 Figure 1. Paspalum biaristatum Filgueiras & Davidse. —A. Habit. —B. Ligular area of the leaf. —C. Portion of the winged rachis with the spikelets removed, showing the minute pedicel bases. —D. Spikeiet at the beginning of anthesis. —E. Upper glume. —F. Lower lemma. —G. Upper floret, lemma side. —H. Upper floret, palea side. (Based on Filgueiras 2341.) 20 Novon TAE)LE 1. Leaf blade size (length (cm) x width (mm)), inflorescence length (cm), and uppermost raceme length (cm), with their ratios, of 60 culms of Paspalum biaristaturn. Leaf blade Leaf L/W Inflorescence Uppermost raceme Inflorescence L/raceme L Maximum 16.6 x 5.0 8.0 19.3 12.5 2.17 Minimum 7.2 x 1.2 1.78 4.1 2.3 1.1 Average 10.8 x 2.7 4.49 10.2 6.3 1.65 SD 2.0 x 1.14 1.70 3.0 2.24 0.26 Variance 4.29 x 1.31 2.79 9.04 5.04 0.07 uous, not geniculate; lower palea absent; upper floret 3.5-3.7 mm long, bisexual, slightly coriaceous, pale, rarely purplish or pale and purplish; upper lemma 3.3-3.5 mm long, obscurely 5-nerved, acute, gla¬ brous to ciliate on the upper '/„ the cilia few to many in a tuft on each side, 0.5-1.2 mm long, the apex minutely papillate to conspicuously ciliate; upper palea 3.2-3.4 mm long, glabrous, papillose at the apex, rarely smooth; lodicules absent; stamens 3, terminally exserted; anthers 2-2.2 mm long, yellow, rarely purple; ovary 0.4-0.5 mm long, glabrous; styles 2, separate; stigmas plumose, yellow or purple; caryopsis 1.2-1.5 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide; embryo yj,,- 5 /,, as long as the caryopsis; hilum punc¬ tate, basal, % 0 -*/ w as long as the caryopsis. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Goias: Niquelandia, Macedo, ca. 18 km N de Niquelandia, campo, 3 ago. 1992, 7. 5. Filgueiras & H. 1). Lopes 2408 , 2409 (IBGE, MO, NY, SI, SP, LJFG); same locality, 19 maio 1993, T. S. Fil¬ gueiras & F. C. de ,4. Oliveira 2450 (CTES, F, G. IBGE, ISC, MO, NY), 2458 (I BP, VEN). A remarkable degree of variation was observed in this species in such easily visible characters as leaf and raceme size, as well as degree of culm branching. On the basis of ordinary visual compar¬ ison, one collection, Filgueiras & Oliveira 2450, seemed to differ dramatically from the others in its relatively shorter and narrower leaf blades and ra¬ cemes, as well as its more profuse branching. This was so conspicuous that we initially bad serious doubts that it could be included in the circumscrip¬ tion of this new species. To investigate this variation more thoroughly, we made the following measure¬ ments from 60 culms taken from 32 plants of all the gatherings: length and width of the fourth blade below the lowermost raceme, inflorescence length, and the length of the uppermost raceme. The data thus obtained (Table 1) revealed that the variation in these characters is actually continuous among the known gatherings, although the Filgueiras & Oliv¬ eira 2450 gathering occupies the low end of the range of variation and has more branches per culm than the other gatherings. The occurrence of cilia on the upper lemma is also unusually irregular. The great majority of the spikelets examined showed no cilia on the upper portion of the lemma. However, a small number had as few as 2 to as many as 20 and then formed a tuft of hairs on each side (Fig. 1G, II). Although it is not unusual to observe considerable variation in the amount of pubescence in the lower spikelet bracts of Paspalum species, we have never observed much variation in the few species of Paspalum [P. eeresia (Kuntze) Chase, P. carinatum Kunth, P. hetero¬ trichon Trinius, P. hitchcockii Chase, P. trachy- coleon Steudel, P. macroblepharum Hackel] that have pubescent or puberulent upper lemmas. The color of the spikelet parts (upper glume, lower lemma, and anthecium) was also found to vary con¬ siderably, from pale to purplish to deep purple. A few bicolored (pale and purple) upper florets were also observed. That awned spikelets are very unusual in the genus has already been discussed (Davidse & Fil¬ gueiras, 1993). There seems little doubt that Pas¬ palum biaristaturn and P. longiaristatum are sister species because they share the following characters: 2-awned spikelets, similarly shaped, narrow spike¬ lets, particularly a similar upper glume and lower lemma, texture of upper floret, lack of lodicules, and morphologically similar, racemosely arrayed, winged racemes. These characters firmly place these species in subgenus C.eresia (Persoon) Reichenbach (Davidse & Filgueiras, 1993), where they form a distinct group characterized by their 2-awned, nar¬ row spikelets. As these features cannot be found elsewhere in the genus, we here propose a new section of subgenus C.eresia to accommodate these two species. Paspalum sect. Riaristata Filgueiras & Davidse, sect. nov. TYPE: Paspalum biaristaturn Fil¬ gueiras & Davidse. Plantae annuae vel perennes. Rhachis alata, membra- nacea. Spiculae solitariae, angustae; gluma superior ar- istata; leinma inferius aristatum. Lodiculae nullae. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Filgueiras & Davidse Paspalum biaristatum 21 Table 2. Main distinguishing features of Paspalum biaristatum and P. longiaristatum. Character Paspalum biaristatum Paspalum longiaristatum Habit perennial annual Culms (cm) 73-125 15-36 Blades (cm x mm) 7.2-19.3 x 1.2-5 4-8.2 x 1-2 Racemes (cm) 1.7-13 2-6.8 Spikelets (mm) 3.8-4.5 1.8-2.2 Awn of upper glume (mm) 4-7.1 6-12.2 Awn of lower lemma (mm) 3.8-4.5 0.3-2 Paspalum biaristatum and P. longiaristatum are at once easily distinguished by their different stature, life forms, and the other characters sum¬ marized in Table 2. Although both species have awned spikelets, the actual and relative size of the spikelets and awns is significantly different: P. biar¬ istatum has relatively large spikelets with a rela¬ tively smaller awn on the upper glume and a larger awn on the lower lemma, whereas P. longiaristatum has smaller spikelets with a longer awn on the upper glume and a much smaller awn on the lower lemma. Primarily because of its more specialized annual habit, the only occurrence in the subgenus, P. lon¬ giaristatum is a more specialized species and prob¬ ably has been derived from P. biaristatum or a common ancestor of the two species. The narrow- leafed, more highly branched form as represented by Filgueiras & Oliveira 2450 varies in the direc¬ tion of P. longiaristatum. As one way to explain this variation, we hypothesize that occasional or even rare hybridization with backcrossing of the hybrid to P. biaristatum may occur. This could account for the appearance of these vegetative characters (relatively narrow leaves, high branching) in plants that otherwise look like P. biaristatum. This also assumes at least some fertility in the hybrid. Both hypotheses are testable in an experimental garden, and we hope to be able to do this in the future. Besides P. longiaristatum, the closest relation¬ ship of P. biaristatum to other species seems to lie with those species of subgenus Ceresia that have primarily cauline leaves, racemosely arranged ra¬ cemes, and nerveless, membranous rachis wings. Among these, P. heterotrichon is perhaps most sim¬ ilar to P. biaristatum. However, besides its awnless spikelets, P. heterotrichon differs in its generally shorter and narrower leaf blades, generally more elongated culm internodes, shorter racemes, slightly broader spikelets, nearly glabrous lower lemma that is slightly sulcate on each side of the midnerve, and well-developed lodicules. Paspalum heterotrichon has a wide distribution including Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Brazil, and Hispaniola. We hy¬ pothesize that a species such as P. heterotrichon or its progenitor, which occurred on nonserpentine sa¬ vanna soils, is likely to be the ancestor of the awned species. We, therefore, consider it most likely that the two awned species are recently derived or neoen¬ demic (sensu Brooks, 1987) taxa. Paspalum biaristatum was found growing in size¬ able populations on serpentine soil in an area of approximately 1 km-, side by side with P. longiar¬ istatum. Both species are narrow endemics because their populations are restricted to only a few square meters wherever they occur. Although the Nique- landia complex is quite large, 59 km long and 29 km wide (Berbent et ah, 1981), the ultramafic rocks themselves are restricted to a west-dipping zone 2- 4 km wide (Brooks et ah, 1990). Therefore, though these species may eventually be found in similar habitats along the ultramafic rock belt of central Brazil, the total area of suitable habitat is very small. The Macedo site in Niquelandia is the center of Brazil’s largest nickel mining and smelting operation (Brooks et ah, 1990). In fact, at the time the second collection of P. biaristatum was being made (August 1992), the collectors could distinctly hear the noise from the tractors working on the nickel mines some 300 m away. It therefore seems that because of their localized occurrence in habitats subject to a great deal of disturbance, both species should be considered to be in imminent danger of extinction. The descriptive epithet biaristatum refers to the characteristic 2-awned spikelets of this species. Acknowledgments. We gratefully thank Gerald F. Guala II for assistence in statistical analysis. Filgueiras thanks CAPES (Brazilian Post-Graduation Agency) and IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatistica) for a post-doctoral fellowship that en¬ abled him to work at the Missouri Botanical Garden. He also thanks the Missouri Botanical Garden for making their facilities available to him for his re¬ search. He especially thanks his friend Clarence J. Lovejoy, Jr., and family for their friendship and support during his stay in St. Louis. Vladimiro S. 22 Novon Dudas, San Isidro, Argentina, provided the excellent illustration. Literature Cited Berbert, C. ()., D. P. Svisero, A. N. Sial & H. 0. A. Meyer. 1981. Upper mantle material in the Bra¬ zilian Shield. Earth-Sci. Rev. 17: 109-133. Brooks, R. R. 1987. Serpentine and its Vegetation. A Multidisciplinary Approach. Dioscorides Press, Port¬ land, Oregon. -, R. D. Reeves, A. J. M. Baker, J. A. Rizzo & H. D. Ferreira. 1990. The Brazilian serpentine plant expedition (Braspex), 1988. Natl. Geogr. Res. 6: 205 219. Davidse, G. & T. S. Filgueiras. 1993. Paspalum Ion- giaristatum (Poaceae: Paniceae), a new serpentine endemic from Goias, Brazil, and the first awned spe¬ cies in the genus. Novon 3: 129-132. Lectotypification of Three Names in Urtica (Urticaceae) Dmitry V. Geltman Herbarium, Komarov Botanical Institute, Prof. Popov St. 2, St. Petersburg, 197376, Russia ABSTRACT. Three names in Urtica described by A. Steudel are lectotypified: t. pseudodioica, l . mol¬ lis, and U. bracteata. Steudel (1850) described several Urtica species from South America, using duplicates of the collec¬ tions of Bertero. For some of these species be cited more than one specimen, and sometimes the syn- types appear to belong to different species; thus lectotypification is necessary. Bertero specimens are present in many herbaria. By the same reasoning as that of Phillips et al. (1 992) concerning holotypes, the names in question can only be lectotypified using the material from P, where the original Steudel material is now deposited (Stafleu & Cowan, 1985). 1. Urtica pseudodioica Steudel, Flora 33: 257. 1850. Lectotype, selected here: “Urtica dioica videtur diversa,” ad sepes, secus vias Rancagua Chili, Bertero 737 (P). There are at least three sets of specimens in the Bertero collection numbered 737. One of the spec¬ imens deposited at P is named “Urtica dioica videtur diversa,” and is the specimen cited by Steudel in his description of U. pseudodioica. However, it is necessary to be extremely cautious in the recognition of isolectotypes in other herbaria, even if they are named “Urtica dioica videtur diversa.” Such a sheet deposited at G belongs in fact to U. magellanica Poiret, although the sheet at MO is indeed l . pseu¬ dodioica. 2. Urtica mollis Steudel, Flora 33: 258. 1850. Lectotype, selected here: In ruderatis, ad sepes in udis Quillota Chili, Bertero 1382 (P). In describing this species, Steudel mentioned “Bertero hrbr. 1382 cum sequente mixta.” With the next species, U. bracteata, he cited “Bertero nr 737 et 1383 ex parte.” Indeed, one sheet of Bertero 1383 in P is marked “U. mollis” and has a “Type” label (the second Bertero 1382 is Urtica berteroana Philippi). Nevertheless, to avoid further misunderstanding 1 propose to follow the author's first choice in the protologue and to select as the lectotype Bertero 1382 (P). 3. Urtica bracteata Steudel, Flora 33: 258. 1850. Lectotype, selected here: Ad sepes secus vias Rancagua Chili, Bertero 737 (P). This is a second sheet of the Bertero 737 set. The plant differs from the other sheet by its connate stipules. For details, see comments for the above species. Extended taxonomic discussions are beyond the scope of the present paper, but some comments are necessary. In my opinion the names U. mollis and f . pseudodioica (following the lectotypifications here) are applied to the same species. Because both names were published in the same paper and have never previously been synonymized, I accept the name U. mollis and treat U. pseudodioica as its synonym. The third sheet of Bertero 737 at P was identified by Steudel as U. leptophylla HBK and in fact belongs to U. magellanica Poiret sensu lato. Ap¬ parently, this is the sheet taken into account by Navas (1961) as the type of U. pseudodioica, be¬ cause she treated this taxon as closely related to l . magellanica. As here defined l'. magellanica sensu lato rep¬ resents a complex of taxa. But the name U. pseu¬ dodioica cannot be included in this complex, be¬ cause U. mollis and U. magellanica are distinct and probably belong to separate sections. Urtica bracteata is closely related to U. magel¬ lanica, but differs in its connate stipules. Such plants occasionally can be found in l . magellanica, usually with free stipules. At the moment I prefer to treat this taxon as U. magellanica var. bracteata (Steu¬ del) Weddell; I cannot agree with the suggestions of Navas (1961) to treat U. bracteata as a synonym of U. dioica L., a Eurasian species, which is more closely related to U. mollis than to U. magellanica. Acknowledgments. Support for my studies on the taxonomy of South American Urtica species was provided by the Missouri Botanical Garden and is gratefully acknowledged. I am also grateful to the curators of P and G for sending specimens on loan. Finally, I thank Roy Gereau for review of the manu¬ script. Novon 4: 23-24. 1994. 24 Novon Literature Cited Navas, E. V. 1961. El genera l rtica en Chile. Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 395-413. Phillips, S. M., K. K. Brummitt & B. P. J. Molby. 1992. (201 204) Four proposals concerning types with duplicate specimens. Taxon 41: 770. Stafleu, F. A. & H. S. Cowan. 1985. Taxonomic Lit¬ erature, 2nd ed., Vol. 5. Beg. Veg. 1 12: 1-1066. Steudel, E. G. 1850. ( rticeae nondum descriptae. Flora 33: 257-261. I res Especies Nuevas de Festuca (Poaceae: Pooideae) de Mexico Manuel Gonzalez-Ledesma y Slejthen D. Koch Centro de Botanica, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Chapingo, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico Resumen. Se describen e ilustran tres especies nuevas de Festuca de Mexico. Festuca tancita- roensis del Cerro Tancitaro, Michoacan, pertenece al subgenero Asperifolia. Festuca coahuilana de la Sierra de la Madera, Coahuila, y F. bajacalifornia- na de la Sierra de San Pedro Martir, Baja California, pertenecen al subgenero Festuca. ABSTRACT. Three new species of Festuca from Mexico are described and illustrated. Festuca tan- citaroensis, from Cerro Tancitaro, Michoacan, be¬ longs to subgenus Asperifolia. Festuca coahuilana , from the Sierra de la Madera, Coahuila, and F. bajacali/orniana, from the Sierra de San Pedro Martir, Baja California, belong to subgenus Festuca. El tratamiento taxonomico del genero Festuca L. es dificil, por lo que se acostumbra incluir tanto caracteres morfologicos como anatomicos para la clasificacion de los taxa. Para identificar las especies frecuentemente es necesario hacer cortes transver- sales de la lamina foliar para ver la distribucion de esclerenquima, el numero de haces vasculares, y la presencia o ausencia de celulas buliformes, entre otras cosas. Tambien se ha encontrado que los ca¬ racteres de la epidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar son de gran utilidad (Gonzalez-Ledesma, 1991). En Mexico existen cerca de 30 especies, las cua- les habitan casi en su totalidad por arriba de 2,000 m de altitud en bosques templados y en pastizales alpinos. Su representation en los herbarios es defi- ciente, ya que solo se han colectado en forma ade- cuada en algunas areas del Eje \ olcanico Trans¬ versal. Las siguientes especies nuevas se encontraron durante el transcurso de una revision que se esta realizando para el pais. Las muestras para hacer las observaciones de la anatomia se tomaron del tercio medio de una lamina foliar madura de una inno- vacidn. Festuca tancitaroensis Gonzalez-Ledesma & S. D. Koch, sp. nov. TIPO: Mexico. Michoacan: Municipality Tancitaro, Mt. Tancitaro, rocky ledge, 10,300 ft., 25 July 1941, IFm. C. Leav¬ enworth & H. floogstral 1213 (holotipo, US; isotipos, CAS, F, MICH). Figura 1. Herba perennis, dense caespitosa, innovationibus in- travaginalibus; culmi 85 130 cm alti, nodi superi nudi 1-2. Vaginae foliorum basales fibrosae. Ligulae 1.5-2.8 mm longae. Laminae foliorum planae vel planiusculae, supra multicostatae, circa 19 nervis, cellulis bulliformibus notabilibus, fasciculis sclerenchymatis cum nervis con- junctis. Paniculae laxae. Spiculae (5)6-8-florae, 15-21 mm longae. Lemmata scabra ad strigosa, (3)5-nervia, 9- 12 mm longa, absque arista vel nervo mediano exserto. Antherae (4.0)4.5-5.3 mm longae; ovarium apice gla- brum. Plantas densamente amacolladas, sin rizomas; in- novaciones intravaginales; culmos erectos de 85- I 30 cm de altura, con 1 o 2 de los nudos superiores descubiertos, glabros abajo de la panicula. Vainas glabras, las viejas basales con algunas hbras persis- tentes cuando estan deshaciendose; sin auriculas; ligulas truncadas o algo redondeadas, de 1.5 2.8 mm de largo; laminas planas a ampliamente invo- lutas, largamente atenuadas hacia el apice, 3.3-6.5 mm de ancho, hasta cerca de 60 cm de largo, superficie adaxial con coslillas algo prominentes, superficie abaxial glabra a escabrosa. Paniculas abiertas, laxas, 14-35 cm de largo; eje central gla- bro abajo, escabroso hacia arriba, con 1-3 espi- guillas arriba de la ultima rama; ramas escabrosas o escabrosas-hispidas; nudo inferior con 2 ramas y un total de 1119 espiguillas. Espiguillas con (5)6- 8 flosculos, 15 21 mm de largo; glumas escabrosas a estrigosas, la primera de 4.5-7.5(9.0) mm de largo, la segunda de 6.5-9.5(10.5) mm; lemas es¬ cabrosas a estrigosas, con 5 nervios, (8.7)9.0- 12.0(12.5) mm de largo, sin arista o con el nervio medio excurrente; lodiculas sin lobulos; anteras de (4.0)4.5 5.3 mm de largo; apice del ovario glabro; cariopsis de 5.0-7.5 mm de largo. Seccion transversal de la lamina foliar. Laminas planas a ampliamente involutas; superficie adaxial glabra, con costillas prominentes y redondeadas; ce¬ lulas buliformes conspicuas; haces vasculares cerca de 19; esclerenquima formando trabas entre los haces vasculares y ambas epidermis. Fpidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar. Zonas costal e intercostal diferenciadas; celulas largas in¬ tercostales con paredes delgadas y lisas; estomas en una hilera cercana a la zona costal; pares de celulas cortas de corcho y silice ausentes en la zona inter¬ costal, escasos en la costal; aguijones de la zona Novon 4: 25-30. 1994. 26 Novon Figura 1. Festuca tancitaroensis Gonzalez-Ledesma & S. D. Koch. —A. Panicula. —B. Espiguilla. —C. Ovario. — D. Ligula. —E. Seccion transversal de la lamina foliar. —F. Epidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar. El area sombreada indica la zona costal. De Leavenworth & Hoogstral 1213 (US). Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Gonzalez-Ledesma & Koch Especies Nuevas de Festuca 21 intercostal presentes entre algunas celulas largas, con base redonda y pua mas corta que la base, los de la zona costal presentes entre todas las celulas largas, con base alargada y pua notablemente mas corta. Festuca tancitaroensis pertenece al subgenero Asperifolia. Esta especie es afln a F. lugens (Four¬ nier) Hernandez X., de la cual se distingue por sus ligulas de menos de 3 mm de largo (no 3-11 mm), por la presencia de celulas buliformes notables (no ausentes) en la seccion transversal de la lamina foliar, por sus celulas largas de paredes delgadas y lisas (no gruesas y onduladas), y la presencia de estomas (no ausentes) en la epidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar. Pardtipo. MEXICO. Michoacan: Cerro Tancitaro, 11,000 ft., 19 Aug. 1940, Km. C. Leavenworth 704 (US). Festuca coahuilana Gonzalez-Ledesma & S. I). Koch, sp. nov. TIPO: Mexico. Coahuila: Sierra de la Madera, municipios of Cuatro Cienegas and Ocampo, Canon del Agua (N-draining): mid¬ canyon, 2.5 mi. S of ranchito (which is at mouth of canyon), 27°03'55"N, 102°24'40"W, elev. 1,830 m, limestone canyon-bottom oak wood¬ land, 26 July 1977, T. Wendt 2042 w/J. I ai¬ des R. (holotipo, TEX, dos hojas). Figura 2. Herba perennis, dense caespitosa, innovationibus ex- travaginalibus et intravaginalibus; culmi 50-60 cm alti, nodus superus nudus. Vaginae foliorum basales non vel parum fibrosae. Ligulae auriculatae, 0.3-0.7 mm longae, auriculae usque ad 1 mm longae. Laminae foliorum planae ad convolutae, 8-11 nervis, cellulis bulliformibus ins- tructae, fasciculis sclerenchymatis inferioribus et superio- ribus cum nervis primariis confluentibus. Paniculae an- gustae, rami adpressi. Spiculae 3-5-florae. Lemmata 5-nervia, 5.0-6.2 mm longa, mutica. Antherae 2.5-2.7 mm longae; ovarium apice hispidum. Plantas amacolladas, con rizomas cortos; inno- vaciones extravaginales e intravaginales; culmos erectos de 50-60 cm de altura, con el nudo superior expuesto, glabros a escabriusculos abajo de la pa- nicula. Vainas glabras, las viejas basales sin o con pocas fibras persistentes cuando estan deshacien- dose; sin auriculas; ligulas cortas, bilobuladas, 0.3- 0.7 mm de largo, a veces las superiores del culmo con lobulos hasta de 1 mm de largo; laminas planas a convolutas, algo flexuosas, 1.5-2.2 mm de ancho o 0.4-0.7 mm de diametro cuando convolutas, hasta cerca de 25 cm de largo, superficie adaxial con nervios prominentes, escabriuscula, superficie ab¬ axial glabra, lisa al tacto. Paniculas estrechas, 8- 13 cm de largo; eje central escabroso sobre los angulos, con 3-5 espiguillas arriba de la ultima raraa; ramas adpresas, escabrosas; nudo inferior con 1-2 ramas y un total de 4-7 espiguillas. Espiguillas con 3-5 flosculos, 7.8-9.2 mm de largo; glumas escabriusculas hacia el apice, la primera 2.8-3.5(4.0) mm de largo, la segunda 4.1-6.1 mm; lemas glabras a escabriusculas, con 5 nervios, 5.0-6.2 mm de largo, sin aristas; lodiculas bifidas o laceradas irre- gularmente; anteras 2.5-2.7 mm de largo; apice del ovario hispido; cariopsis (inmaduro), cerca de 3.5 mm de largo. Seccion transversal de la lamina foliar. Lamina plana a convoluta, de contorno ligeramente anguloso a redondeado; superficie adaxial con costillas pro¬ minentes; celulas buliformes de tamano medio; haces vasculares 8-11; esclerenquima formando trabas entre los haces vasculares y ambas epidermis en los haces primarios, en los secundarios y terciarios so- lamente entre el haz y la epidermis abaxial, o bien, formando hebras. Epidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar. Zonas costal e intercostal poco diferenciadas; celulas largas con paredes delgadas y onduladas; estomas ausentes; pares de celulas cortas de corcho y silice presentes en ambas zonas, menos frecuentes en la zona in¬ tercostal, las de silice redondas o algunas alargadas horizontalmente en la zona costal; aguijones ausen¬ tes. Festuca coahuilana pertenece al subgenero Fes¬ tuca; sin embargo su ubicacion seccional es incierta, ya que no existe una clasificacion a este nivel ade- cuada para los taxa de America. Esta especie so- bresale por presentar innovaciones extravaginales e intravaginales, ligulas cortas y bilobuladas, laminas planas a convolutas, lisas al tacto en la superficie abaxial, paniculas estrechas, y lemas sin aristas. Ha sido confundida con F. arizonica Vasey, de la cual se puede distinguir claramente por la presencia de innovaciones extravaginales e intravaginales (no solo intravaginales), laminas foliares planas a convolutas (no conduplicadas), con la superficie abaxial glabra y lisa al tacto (no escabrosa a escabriuscula y aspera al tacto), y el eje de la panicula escabroso (no es- cabroso-pubescente o escabroso-bispido). Tambien se distingue a nivel de anatomia de la lamina porque en corte transversal presenta 8-11 haces vasculares (no 5), trabas de esclerenquima entre los haces vas¬ culares primarios y ambas epidermis (no solo entre los haces y la epidermis abaxial), y celulas buliformes presentes (no ausentes). Festuca coahuilana muestra cierta afinidad con Festuca rosei Piper del Eje Volcanico Transversal, por sus laminas foliares glabras en la superficie ab¬ axial y lisas al tacto, su pamcula estrecha, y sus lemas sin aristas. Sin embargo, en general, F. coa- 28 Novon Figura 2. Festuca coahuilana Gonzalez-Ledesma & S. D. Koch. —A. Pamcula. —B. Espiguilla. —C. Ovario. — D. Ligula. —E. Seccion transversal de la lamina foliar. —F. Epidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar. El area sombreada indica la zona costal. De T. Wendt 2042 w/J. I aides (TEX). huilana es de porte menor y es menos robusta. Ademas tiene las ligulas bilobadas (no truncadas), la pamcula de 8 13 cm (no (15)18-30(40) cm) de largo, un total de 4 7 espiguillas en las ramas del nudo inferior de la pamcula (no (9)20 50), anteras de 2.5-2.7 mm de largo (no 3.2-4.0(4.4) mm), y el apice del ovario hispido (no glabro). A nivel ana- tomico se diferencia por la presencia de celulas buliformes, las cuales son ausentes en F. rosei. La etiqueta del holotipo, W emit 2042, indica que esta colecta es igual a I aides R. 1033, y la del paratipo, Wendt 2062, indica que es igual a I tildes R. 1056. No se vio ningun ejemplar de estas otras colectas. Paratipo. MEXICO. Coahuila: Sierra de la Madera, municipios of Cuatro Cienegas and Ocampo, Canon del Desiderio (N-draining): mid-canyon, 1.5 mi. down (N) from upper lumber camp, in E fork, 9.4 mi. by winding road W from Rancho Cerro de la Madera, 27°07'45"N, 102°31'30"W, elev. 2,150 m, mesic limestone canyon woodland, 27 July 1977, 7. Wendt 2062 w/J. I aides R. (MEXU, TEX). Festuca bajacaliforniana Gonzalez-Ledesma & S. I). Koch, sp. nov. TIPO: Mexico. Baja Cal¬ ifornia: Sierra de San Pedro Martir, N slope of Cerro 1 '2828,” near 31°02'N, 1 15°27'W, ca. 2,800 m, 14 Sep. 1968, R. Moran 15610 (holotipo, ENCB; isotipos, LL, MICH, MSC, SD, TAES, US). Figura 3. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Gonzalez-Ledesma & Koch Especies Nuevas de Festuca 29 Figura 3. Festuca bajacaliforniana Gonzalez-Ledesma & S. D. Koch. —A. Panicula. —B. Espiguilla. —C. Cariopsis. — D. Ligula. —E. Seccion transversal de la lamina foliar. —F. Epidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar. El area sombreada indica la zona costal. De Moran 15619 (SD). Herba perennis, dense caespitosa, innovationibus in- travaginalibus; culrni usque ad 50 cm alti, geniculati, nodi superiori nudi 1-2. Vaginae foliorum basales non fibrosae. Ligulae 0.4-1.3 mm longae, truncatae ad bilobatae. Lam¬ inae foliorum conduplicatae, intus unicostatae, extus an- gulosae, 3-nerves, fasciculis sclerenchymatis discreti et abaxialis 7. Paniculae angustae. Spiculae 4-6-florae. Lem¬ mata 3-nervia, 5.3-6.7 mm longa, aristis 2.0-4.5 mm longis. Antherae 2.0-2.3 mm longae; ovarium apice his- pidum. Plantas densamente amacolladas, sin rizomas; in- novaciones intravaginales; culmos geniculados de 15-50 cm de altura, 1-2 nudos superiores ex- puestos y de color purpura, glabros abajo de la pamcula. Vainas glabras, las viejas basales sin fibras persistentes cuando estan deshaciendose; sin auri¬ culas; ligulas truncadas a bilobuladas, cortamente ciliadas, 0.4- 1.3 mm de largo, la mayoria cerca de 0.5 mm; laminas conduplicadas, de contorno an- guloso, 0.4-0.6 mm de diametro, 3-15 cm de largo, superficie adaxial escabrosa, superficie abaxial gla¬ bra, lisa al tacto. Pamcula estrecha, excepcional- mente reducida a un racimo, 4 9 cm de largo; eje central glahro, escabriusculo hacia el apice, con 5- 8 espiguillas arriba de la ultima rama; ramas ad- presas, escabriusculas a escabrosas sobre los an- gulos; nudo inferior con 1-2 ramas y un total de 4-6 espiguillas. Espiguillas con 4-6 flosculos, 7.8- 9.8 mm de largo; glumas escabriusculas en el apice, la primera 2.6 4.0 mm de largo, la segunda 4.4- 5.1 mm; lemas escabriusculas o escabrosas hacia el apice, con 3 nervios evidentes, 5.3-6.7 mm de largo, con aristas de 2.0-4.7 mm; lodiculas bifidas; anteras de 2.0-2.3 mm de largo; apice del ovario luspido; cariopsis de 4.2-4.5 mm de largo. Seccion transversal de la lamina foliar. Lamina conduplicada de contorno anguloso; superficie ad- 30 Novon axial con una sola costilla; haces vasculares 3, el central notablemente mas grande; esclerenquima en 7 hebras aisladas hacia la superficie abaxial, y en los margenes. Epidermis abaxial de la lamina foliar. Zonas costal e intercostal diferenciadas; celulas largas in¬ tercostales con paredes medianamente gruesas y onduladas; pares de celulas cortas de corcho y silice presentes en la zona costal y ausentes en la inter¬ costal, celulas de silice redondas o un poco alargadas horizontalmente; aguijones ausentes. Festuca bajacaliforniana pertenece al subgenero Festuca, y la mayoria de sus caracteristicas la ubican dentro de la seccion Festuca. Los ejernplares per- tenecientes a esta especie no son considerados en la revision mas reciente del genero para Mexico (Alexeev, 1984). Gould & Moran (1981) en su tratado sobre las gramineas de Baja California las consideran como F. ovina L. Sin embargo, diversos autores (Tsvelev, 1983 [1976]; Alexeev, 1982; Pavlick, 1984) indican que F. ovina sensu stricto presenta laminas foliares de contorno redondeado, seccion transversal oval u oboval, esclerenquima formando una banda subepidermica abaxial contin- ua, (5)7 haces vasculares, y el apice del ovario glabro. F. bajacaliforniana, en cambio, presenta laminas foliares de contorno anguloso, seccion trans¬ versal hexagonal, esclerenquima formando 7 hebras aisladas, 3 haces vasculares, y el apice del ovario hispido, entre otras caracteristicas que la distinguen claramente de aquella y de otros taxa del complejo F. ovina de Norteamerica. Paratipos. MEXICO. Baja California: Sierra de San Pedro Martir, E slope of Cerro “2828," on E rim, near 31°02'N, 115°27'W, ca. 2,800 m, 24 Aug. 1968, R. Moran 15409 (SD, TAES); Cerro “2828,” near obser¬ vatory, near 31°02'N, 115°29'W, ca. 2,475 m, 9 Aug. 1969, H. V. Withman 412 (SD); Cerro Venado Blanco, S summit ridge, near 31°05'N, 115°29’W, ca. 2,750 m, 15 Sep. 1968, R. Moran 15639 (CAS, SD, TAES); Cerro Venado Blanco, S summit ridge, ca. 2,750 m, 15 Sep. 1968, R. Moran 15652 ( SD, TAES). Agradecimientos. Este trabajo fue apoyado en parte por una beca del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia (registro no. 52287) otorgada al primer autor. Agradecemos a los encargados de los her- barios citados por el prestamo de ejernplares, a Ma- ricela Gomez Sanchez por la revision del manuscrito, a Fernando Chiang Cabrera por las correcciones hechas a las diagnosis en latin, y especialmente a Patricia Vera Caletti por su ayuda en varias etapas del trabajo. Literatura Citada Alexeev, E. B. 1982. New and little-known fescues (Festuca L.) of North America. (En ruso y latin). Byull. Mosk. Obshch. Ispyt. Prir. 87: 109-118. -. 1984. Genus Festuca L. (Poaceae) in Mexico et America Centrali. (En ruso y latin). Novit. Syst. PI. Vase. 21: 25-60. Gonzalez-Ledesma, M. 1991. Revision del Genero Fes¬ tuca L. (Gramineae) en el Eje Volcanico Transversal. Tesis de Maestria en Ciencias. Colegio de Postgrad- uados, Montecillos, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico. Gould, F. W. & R. Moran. 1981. The Grasses of Baja California, Mexico. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., Mem. 12 . Pavlick, L. E. 1984. Studies on the Festuca ovina complex in the Canadian Cordillera. Canad. J. Bot. 62: 2448-2462. Tsvelev, N. N. 1983. The Grasses of the Soviet Union. Amerind Publishing, New Delhi. Traducido del ruso (ed. 1976) por B. R. Sharma. The Dzungarian Yellow-flowered Species of Limonium (Plumbaginaceae) V. I. Grubov Komarov Institute of Botany, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia Abstract. The distinguishing characters between the closely related Limonium chrysocomum and L. semenovii are given. The new combinations L. se- menovii var. chrysocephalum and L. semenovii var. sedoides are proposed, and a key separating these varieties is presented. Limonium chrysocomum (Karelin & Kirilov) Kuntze and L. semenovii (Herder) Kuntze are very closely related yellow-flowered species that have long been confused. The former grows in rocky areas in deserts and on dry stony slopes, hills, and low moun¬ tains in northern Xinjiang and Dzungarian Gobi (western Mongolia, Kazakhstan). In contrast, L. se¬ menovii grows in desert and steppe stony slopes, hills, and low mountains, on salt sands, Haloxylon desert woodlands, and scree, especially on tertiary gypsum deposits, and is distributed in Xinjiang (north and south foothills of Tian-Shan). Dzungarian Ala- tau, and Gobi (eastern Kazakhstan, western Mon¬ golia). The two species can be separated by the following key: la. Stems and branches finely warty at least just below inflorescence; external bractlets of spikes glabrate, very rarely pilose in the eastern plants (var. puhescens Linczevski) .... L. chrysocomum lb. Stems and branches glabrate; external and in¬ ternal bractlets of spikes almost always densely and long pilose, very rarely glabrous in the western part of the species range (var. glabra I.inczevski) . L. semenovii Limonium chrysocephalum (Regel) Linczevski and L. sedoides (Regel) Kuntze are best treated as varieties of L. semenovii and not L. chrysocomum , as was done by Peng (1987). They are not sharply differentiated, and a whole range of intermediates occurs sporadically within the general range of L. semenovii. The two varieties are separated as fol¬ lows; la. Sterile branches 2 or 3, not more than twice as long as membranaceous scales; plants 10 15 cm high .var. chrysocephalum lb. Sterile branches often solitary, completely cov¬ ered by white membranaceous scales; plants 2- 6 cm high.var. sedoides Limonium semenovii (Herder) Kuntze var. chrysocephalum (Regel) Grubov, comb. nov. Basionym: Statice chrysocephala Regel, Tru¬ dy Imp. S. Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 383. 1880. TYPE: China. Xinjiang: Tian-Shan, Bor- borogussun, 3,000-4,000 ft., 28 Apr. 1879, A. Regel s.n. (holotype, LE). Limonium semenovii (Herder) Kuntze var. se¬ doides (Regel) Grubov, comb. nov. Basionym: Statice sedoides Regel, Trudy Imp. S. Peter¬ burgsk. Bot. Sada 6: 384. 1880. TYPE: China. Xinjiang: Sudabhang des dschungarischert Ala- tau, 6,000 ft., 7 Aug. 1878, A. Regel s.n. (holotype, LE). Although the original publication of Statice chry¬ socephala and S. sedoides cited more than one collection for each, the author clearly selected the types above, as evidenced by his own handwriting on the sheets at LE. Acknowledgments. I thank Alice Grabovskaya and Ihsan Al-Shehbaz for help in the preparation of the manuscript. Literature Cited Peng, T.-X. 1987. Plumbaginaceae. In: Lee, S.-K. (ed¬ itor), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sinica 60(1): 1 47. Novon 4: 31. 1994. A New Species of Zapoteca (Leguminosae, Mirnosoideae) from Mexico Hector M. Hernandez and Alvaro Campos V. Departamento de Botanica, Instituto de Biologia, UNAM, Apartado Postal 70-367, 04510 Mexico, D.F., Mexico Abstract. Zapoteca sousae (Leguminosae, Mi- tnosoideae), a new species from Oaxaca and Colima, Mexico, is described and illustrated. It appears to be closely related to the widespread and highly vari¬ able Zapoteca portoricensis, Irom which it differs primarily by stipule, flower, and leaf characters. RESUMEN. Se describe e ilustra Zapoteca sousae (Leguminosae, Mirnosoideae), una especie nueva de Oaxaca y Colima, Mexico. Esta especie parece estar mtimamente relacionada con Z. portoricensis , de la cual difiere principalmente en caracteres de las estipulas, flores, y hojas. Zapoteca H. Hernandez (Leguminosae, Mimo- soideae, tribe Ingeae) is a genus of neotropical shrubs recently segregated from Calliandra (Hernandez, 1986). According to Hernandez (1989, 1990), it comprises 18 species and 11 subspecies grouped into five subgenera. The highest concentration of taxa is in southern Mexico, particularly in the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas. During a floristic survey of a small portion of the Sierra Madre del Sur, being carried out by A. Cam¬ pos (en prep.), the following new' species was found. We take pleasure in naming it in honor of Mario Sousa Sanchez, in acknowledgment of his important contributions to our knowledge of the Mexican Le¬ guminosae, particularly those of the State of Oaxaca. Zapoteca sousae H. Hernandez & A. Campos, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca: Distr. Miahua- tlan, Mpio. San Jeronimo Coatlan, 29 km al SO de San Jeronimo Coatlan, brecha a Piedra Larga, 16°11'N, 96°59'W, 1,500 m, 12 jul. 1992, A. Campos l . 4765 (holotype, MEXU; isotypes IEB, MEXU, MO, XAL). Figure 1. Frutices erecti, caulibus gracilibus. Stipulae foliaceae, caducae, juveniles lanceolatae, maturantes conspicue cor- diformes, apice acutae vel cuspidatae, 26 mm usque lon- gae, basi 17 mm latae, parallelinerviae. Calycis dentes inaequales, lineari-lanceolati vel lanceolati, acuti, 1.5-4 mm longi. Corolla infundibularis, 7-8.5 mm longa. Erect shrubs, to 3 m tall; stems slender, to 1.3 cm diam. at the base; branchlets terete, costate under magnification, villous to densely villous with tawny hairs, especially apically. Leaves with petiole (1.5-)3-6.7 cm long; rachis 11 16.5 cm long; pin¬ nae (5-)7-11 -jugate, with rachilla 5-10 cm long; leaflets 18-33 pairs per pinna, narrowly oblong, the proximal ones cuneate at the base, becoming obliquely truncate proximally, acute at the apex, mucronate, 5.5-13 X 1-2.5 mm, the proximal ones smaller, mostly glabrous, but with a few white hairs at the base of the abaxial surface, ciliate, membranous, venation pattern visible superficially. Stipules Lili¬ aceous, caducous, lanceolate when young, becoming conspicuously cordiform, acute to cuspidate at the apex, to 26 mm long, 17 mm wide at the base, sparsely villous with tawny hairs, membranous, par¬ allel-veined. Capitula axillary, peduncles fasciculate, slender, 2.8-5.5 cm long at anthesis, villous. Flow¬ ers pentamerous, each subtended by a lanceolate, 3-6 x 1-2 mm, sparsely villous bract; calyx cam- panulate, 3-6 mm long, green, glabrous, the teeth linear-lanceolate to lanceolate, acute, 1.5-4 mm long, unequal; corolla infundibular, 7-8.5 mm long, greenish white, glabrous, the lobes lanceolate, 4- 4.5 mm long; filaments 3.5-4 cm long, white, the staminal tube 2-3 mm long; ovary ca. 1.5-3 mm long, glabrous; stigma cup-shaped. Pods elastically dehiscent, linear, straight before dehiscence, the apex rounded or acute, rostellate, to 12 x 0.8 cm when mature, thickly membranous, glabrous. Seeds broad¬ ly rhomboid, 6 x 4-5 mm, dark brown, the areola mottled; pleurogram irregular. Distribution and habitat. Known only from two widely disjunct localities in Oaxaca and Colima, Mex¬ ico. In Oaxaca it appears 1o be restricted to undis¬ turbed sites with montane mesophyllous forest (sensu Rzedowski, 1978). Zapoteca sousae is closely allied to Z. portori¬ censis (Jacquin) H. Hernandez, particularly to its subspecies portoricensis. It can be distinguished from this taxon, and Irom the remaining members of the genus, primarily by its characteristic stipules and by its calyx with unequal teeth (Fig. 1), features which appear to be unique in the genus. Additional distinguishing features of the Oaxacan population of Z. sousae are the numerous pairs of pinnae, and the longer petiole and rachis. The specimen from Novon 4: 32-34. 1994. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Hernandez & Campos Zapoteca sousae 33 Figure 1. Zapoteca sousae H. Hernandez & A. Campos. —A. Branchlet with inflorescences at anthesis. —B. Flower. —C. Dissected calyx. —D. Pods. —E. Seed. (A-C from A. Campos 4765, MEXU; D, E from A. Campos & I. Calzada 4922, MEXU.) 34 Novon Colima has smaller leaf characters, approaching those of the typical Z. portoricensis. Zapoteca sousae has been collected in the same area as Z. portoricensis subsp. portoricensis (E. Martinez et al. 2544); however, these two taxa are not known to grow side by side, and no morpholog¬ ically intermediate individuals have been detected. The known populations of Z. sousae appear to be restricted to undisturbed ravines, whereas the Mex¬ ican representatives of Z. portoricensis subsp. por¬ toricensis usually grow in secondary habitats de¬ rived from montane mesophyllous forests. Paratvpes. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Distr. Miahuatlan, Mpio. San Jeronimo Coatlan, 29 km al SO de San Je¬ ronimo Coatlan, brecha a Piedra Larga, 16°11' N, 96°59' W, alt. 1,500 m, A. Campos & I. Calzada 4922 (MEXU). Colima: Paso del Rio, G. M. Emrick 244 (F). Acknowledgments. We are grateful to Fernando Chiang for the Latin diagnosis and for carefully reading the manuscript, and to Albino Luna for the illustration. Literature Cited Hernandez, H. M. 1986. Zapoteca: A new genus of neotropical Mimosoideae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 73: 755-763. -. 1989. Systematics of Zapoteca (Legumino- sae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 76: 781-862. -. 1990. A new subgenus and a new species of Zapoteca (Leguminosae). Syst. Bot. 15: 226-230. Rzedowski, J. 1978. Vegetacion de Mexico. Limusa, Mexico. A New Species of Selysia (Cucurbitaceae) from Mesoamerica and a Synopsis of the Genus Sandra Knapp and Rachel J. Hampshire Department of Botany, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, United Kingdom ABSTRACT. A new Panamanian species, Selysia bidentata, is described and illustrated, and a key to and a synopsis of Selysia are provided. The new 7 species is closely related to 5. smithii, which occurs from Colombia to Peru in the Andes. This species raises the number of species in Selysia to lour. While preparing an account of Selysia for Flora Mesoamericana , the following new 7 species was iden¬ tified. It is most similar morphologically to S. smithii (Standley) C. Jeffrey from Andean South America and to S. prunifera (Poeppig & Endlicher) Cog- niaux: differences between the species are detailed in the discussion. Selysia bidentata R. J. Hampshire, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Comarca de San Bias: El Llano-Carti road, 16 20 km from Interamerican llwy., 9°19'N, 78°55'W, 6 Sep. 1984 (fr), de Severs 3855 (holotype, BM; isotype, MO). Figure 1. Species S. pruniferae (Poeppig & Endlicher) Cogniaux similis, sed seminibus apice bidentatis haud acutis, petiolis villosis nec glabris nec breve pubescentibus. Monoecious vines; stems sulcate, sparsely pilose to villous; tendrils bifid, often with one branch more robust. Leaves 8-15(-19) x 7-15(-18.5) cm, sim¬ ple entire and cordate or deeply 3-lobed and broadly ovate to suborbicular, apically acuminate, basally deeply cordate, the margin minutely and remotely denticulate, adaxially glabrate to sparsely tomen- tose, the veins raised and densely villous, abaxially tomentose; petiole 2.0-2.4( 3.8) cm, loosely villous with straw-colored trichomes 4-5 mm long. Sta- minate flowers 1-2 in leaf axils; peduncles 3.5-5.2 cm, villous; receptacle conical, villous; calyx 5-lobed, the lobes ca. 6 mm, narrrowly triangular; corolla white, campanulate, the lobes ca. 1.3 cm, lanceolate, the margins inrolled, pubescent without, tomentose within. Pistillate flowers 1-2 in leaf axils, only buds seen; ovary ca. 5 mm diam., suhglohose, densely tomentose; receptacle cylindrical to suhglohose, ca. 3 mm long, calyx lobes 1.5-2 mm, linear; corolla lobes ca. 6 mm in hud. Fruiting peduncle 4.6-8 cm long, fruit ca. 2.4 cm diam., suhglohose, indehiscent, the surface smooth to sparsely short-pubescent, changing from green to red at maturity; seeds 6-9 per fruit, 13-15 x 8-10 mm, erect, ovate, apically 2-dentate, basally 3-dentate, compressed, black or dark brown, the surface minutely pitted. Selysia bidentata occurs in disturbed forest near roads, streams and trails from 100 to 850 m ele¬ vation. A single male flower has been seen (de Severs et al. 5462, MO), but it has not been dissected. Selysia bidentata is easily distinguished from other species of Selysia by its apically hidentate seeds. All other described species in the genus have arrowhead-shaped seeds, with three basal teeth and a single apical point. The epithet “bidentata’' refers to this unusual seed shape. Selysia bidentata is morphologically most similar to S. smithii of Andean South America. The two species both have densely villous petioles and sparse¬ ly pubescent fruits. Both species also have occasional (in S. smithii usually) simple leaves. The petiole pubescence of S. bidentata is much longer and looser than that of S. smithii and the trichomes are straw-colored rather than ferrugineous. The leaves of S. smithii are thick and coriaceous, while those of S. bidentata are thinner and more membranous in texture. The only other Mesoamerican species of Selysia is S. prunifera, which is easily distinguished from S. bidentata by its seed shape and longer, glabrous or minutely pubescent petioles. The petioles of .S’. prunifera exceed 3 cm in length, while those of S. bidentata are usually less than 2.4 cm (with rare exceptions). Paratypes. PANAMA. Colon: trail and streamside where Rio Escandaloso meets Rio Boqueron, 300 ft., 13 Apr. 1978, Hummel 2487 (K, MO); along Rio Escan- doloso and Rio Boqueron near their juncture, 28 Apr. 1978, llammel 2740 (MO). Comarca de San Bias: Cerro Brewster, premontane rainforest, 850 in, 21 Apr. 1985, de Nevers et al. 5462 (MO). Panama: Cerro Jefe to l.a Eneida, ca. 3,100 ft., 17 Jan. 1968, Dwyer et al. 8207 (MO); Cerro Campana, summit and upper trail, 19 Sep. 1975, Witherspoon & ITitherspoon 8469 (MO). Novon 4: 35-37. 1994. 36 Novon 5cm Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Knapp & Hampshire Selysia bidentata 37 Key to the Species of Selysia la. Petioles short-pubescent to glabrous, the tri- chomes to 0.5 mm long. 2a. Leaves with thick tufts of white trichomes in axils of main veins immediately above the petiole insertion point; leaf blades cor¬ date, unlobed .2. S. cordata 2b. Leaves without tufts of trichomes in axils of main veins; leaves variously cordate to trilobed . 1 . S. prunifera lb. Petioles villous with long, uniseriate trichomes, the trichomes to 5 mm long. 3a. Petiole trichomes 4-5 mm long, loose, straw-colored; leaves membranous . .4. S. bidentata 3b. Petiole trichomes 2-3 mm long, very dense, ferrugineous; leaves coriaceous. . . 3. .S', smithii Synopsis of Selysia Cogniaux in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 735. 1881. 1. Selysia prunifera (Poeppig & Endlicher) Cog¬ niaux in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 736. 1881. Melothria prunifera Poeppig & Endlicher, Nov. Gen. Sp. PL 2: 55, t. 174. 1838. TYPE: Peru. Loreto: Maynas, Poeppig 2265 (holotype, W). Distribution. Costa Rica to Amazonian Peru. 2. Selysia cordata Cogniaux in A. DC., Monogr. Phan. 3: 736. 1881. TYPE: Colombia. Boyaca: Muzo, Goudot s.n. (holotype, P). Distribution. Northern Colombia in the depart¬ ments of Santander and Boyaca. 3. Selysia smithii (Standley) C. Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 25(2): 235. 1971. Cayaponia smithii Stan¬ dley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. Ser. 13(6): 380. 1937. TYPE: Peru. Loreto: Rio Morona, Killip & Smith 29162 (holotype, US). Distribution. Andean Colombia to Peru. 4. Selysia bidentata R. J. Hampshire. TYPE: Pan¬ ama. Comarca de San Bias: El Llano-Carti road, de Nevers 3855 (holotype, BM). Distribution. Central Panama. Acknowledgments. We thank C. Jeffrey (K) for advice, N. K. B. Robson (BM) for help with the Latin diagnosis, and an anonymous reviewer for helpful comments as to relationships in the genus. Figure 1. Selysia bidentata R. J. Hampshire. —A. Map of Costa Rica and Panama showing the distribution of S. bidentata , solid circles, and ,S. prunifera , open circles. — B. Habit of S. bidentata , with female flower and fruit (from de Severs 3855, BM). —C. Male flower (from de Nevers et al. 5492, MO). —D. Seed of S. bidentata (from de \evers 3855, BM). —E. Seed of S. prunifera (from Kernan 692, BM). New Species of Ardisia (Myrsinaceae) from the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia and Ecuador John J. Pi poly III Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Studies of the vegetation of Parque Na- cional Natural “Las Orquideas” and surrounding areas, located at the junction of Antioquia and Choco departments, on the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, have revealed two new species of Ar¬ disia Swartz. These species, Ardisia mcphersonii and A. cardenasii, are described and illustrated, and their phylogenetic relationships are discussed. Another new species, A. pluvialis, from the Choco Floristic Province of northwestern Ecuador at the foothills of the western slope of the Cordillera Oc¬ cidental, is also described and illustrated, and a key to distinguish it from its two most closely related congeners is provided. The Cordillera Occidental of the Andes, and the adjacent Choco Floristic Province of Colombia and Ecuador, are the home of some of the richest tropical forests on earth (Cuatrecasas, 1958; Forero, 1982, 1988. 1989; Gentry, 1982, 1987). Under the aus¬ pices of a grant from the National Geographic So¬ ciety, the Fundacion Jardin Botanico, “Joaquin An¬ tonio Uribe,” and the Missouri Botanical Garden are documenting the plant diversity of Parque Na- cional Natural “Las Orquideas,” comprising 32,000 hectares on the western slopes of the Cordillera Occidental, along the border of Antioquia and Choco departments. Determination of specimens from that project, along with other Ardisia specimens from the Choco of Ecuador, has resulted in the discovery of three new species, described herein. Ardisia mcphersonii Pipoly, sp. nov. TYPE: Co¬ lombia. Antioquia: Mcpio. de Frontino, Murri, W-Central part of Antioquia, 15 km from Nu- tibarra, 6°40'N, 76°20'W, 1,875 m, 3 Nov. 1988 (fl), G. McPherson et al. 12951 (holo- type, HU A; isotypes, MO, US). Figure 1. Propter laminas oblongas vel anguste ellipticas ad api¬ ces basesque acuminatas, inflorescentiam terminalam tri- pinnatipanniculatamque, margines sepalinos hyalinos ero- sos ciliatosque, antheras lanceoloideas, ovufos numerosos pluriseriatosque A. gentryi Lundell valde arete affinis, sed ab ea inflorescentiae rhachidi recta (non geniculata), tri- chomatibus stellatis (nec furfuraceo-lepidotis) induta, ped- icellis teretibus (nec obconicis), denique laminis desuper manifeste atro-(non inconspicue pellucido-) punctatis sta- tim distinguitur. Tree to 6 m tall; branchlets subterete, 5-7 mm diam., densely rufous stellate-tomentose, the to- mentum persistent. Leaves chartaceous, the blades oblong to narrowly elliptic, 18-33 cm long, 5.8- 8.5 cm wide, apex abruptly acuminate, the acumen 1.2- 1.5 cm long, base acute, decurrent on the pet¬ iole, costa impressed and sparsely tomentose above, prominently raised and densely stellate tomentose below, secondary veins 30-38 pairs, slightly raised above and below, densely and prominently black punctate and minutely scrobiculate above, fufura- ceous lepidote and stellate tomentose below, the margin revolute; petioles canaliculate, 1.2-1.5 cm long, sparsely tomentose above, densely tomentose below, the tomentum persistent. Inflorescence ter¬ minal, tripinnately pyramidal-paniculate, 21 30 cm long, 20-30 cm wide, the lower branches subtended by leaves, the rachis and pedicels densely rufous stellate-tomentose, primary and secondary axes straight; inflorescence bract and secondary branch bracts unknown; floral bracts chartaceous, lanceo¬ late, 1-1.4 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide, apex at¬ tenuate, densely rufous glandular-papillate above and below, the margin entire, early caducous; pedicels terete, 1.2-1.8 mm long, densely rufous glandular- papillate. Flowers corymbose, 5-merous, cream; ca¬ lyx chartaceous, the sepals essentially free, char¬ taceous, ovate, 1.4-1.8 mm long. 1.7-1.9 mm wide, apex rounded to acutish, asymmetric, auriculate on one side, densely and minutely red glandular-papil¬ late without, glabrous within, densely and promi¬ nently black punctate, the margin hyaline, erose, ciliate; corolla coriaceous, the petals free, oblong, 4.2- 4.4 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, apex acuminate, asymmetric, glabrous, densely and prominently black punctate, the margin hyaline, irregular, entire, gla¬ brous; stamens 2.8-3 mm long, the filaments flat, 1 1.2 nun long, inserted at the bases of the petals, basally widened, glabrous, the anthers subversatile, lanceoloid, 2.4-2.6 mm long, 1 1.2 mm wide, apex apiculate, base sagittate, dehiscent by wide longi¬ tudinal slits, the connective epunctate; pistil 3.5- 3.9 mm long, the ovary subglobose, 1.4-1.6 mm Novon 4: 38-44. 1994. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Pipoly Ardisia 39 Figure 1. Ardisia mcphersonii Pipoly. —A. Flowering branchlet, showing straight inflorescence rachis. —B. Abaxial leaf surface, showing stellate tomentum of costa and furfuraceous lepidote surface of blade, with prominent black punctations. —C. Corymb, showing cylindrical pedicel and perianth punctation. —D. Open calyx and pistil (from bud), showing hyaline, erose, ciliate sepal margins. —E. Petal (from bud), showing asymmetry and punctation. A- E, drawn from the isotype. 40 Novon long, 1 1.2 mm diam., densely and minutely red punctate, the style 2.1-2.3 mm long, epunetate, the stigma punctiform, the placenta globose, apic- ulate, the ovules minute, 24-35, pluriseriate. Fruit unkown. Distribution and ecology. Known only from the type, growing in cloud forest, 1,875 m elevation. Etymology. This species is dedicated to Gordon McPherson of the Missouri Botanical Garden, col¬ league and specialist in Madagascan Euphorbiaceae. Ardisia mcphersonii , by its chartaceous, oblong to narrowly elliptic leaves with acuminate apices and acute bases, the tripinnately pyramidal-paniculate, terminal inflorescences, hyaline, erose and ciliate sepal margins, lanceoloid anthers, and, finally, the numerous, minute, pluriseriate ovules, is closely re¬ lated to Ardisia gentryi Lundell, a species endemic to the Alto del Buey region of the central Colombian Choco. However, Ardisia mcphersonii may be eas¬ ily recognized by tbe straight primary inflorescence rachis, stellate tomentum, terete pedicels, and prom¬ inently black punctate upper leaf surfaces. Both species belong to the group of Ardisia species seg¬ regated into Auriculardisia Lundell (1981), defined by the furfuraceous lepidote scales, auriculate se¬ pals, and minute, numerous ovules. However, be¬ cause these features of Auriculardisia have now been found in Malesian Ardisia, subgenera Acrar- disia Mez and Tinopsis Mez (Stone, 1989), use of these characters to segregate genera is precluded. Therefore, I am not recognizing the group as a separate genus, pending further studies. Ardisia cardenasii Pipoly, sp. nov. TYPE: Co¬ lombia. Antioquia: Parque Nacional Natural “Las Orquideas,” Mcpio. Urrao, left bank of Rio Venados, 6°34'N, 76°19'W, 1,110-1,240 m, 27 July 1988 (fl, fr), A. Cogollo el al. .1522 (holotvpe, JAUM, No. 17907; isotypes, COL, FMB, JAUM, No. 17908. MO, NY, US). Fig¬ ure 2. Ob ramulos flexuosos, laminas desuper glabras atro- punctatas secus margines planas, infforescentiam rhachidi aliquantum ffexuosa, ffores corymbosos, pedicelos cylin- dricos sepala petalaque symmetrica, petala ad bases con- nata, antheras concoloras ad apices rotundatis vel trun- catis primum poris apicalibus deinde rimis longitudinalibus deshiscentibus A. standleyanae P. H. Allen valde affinis, sed ab ea laminis membranaceis (non chartaceis) lanceo- latis (nec ellipticis vel oblongis necque obovatis), desuper scrobiculatis (nec laevibus), ad bases rotundatis (nec acu- tis), petiolis canaliculatis (non inarginatis), necnon petalis 5.5-6.3 (non 4.8-5.2) mm longis, connatis 1.2-1.4 (nec 0.5) mm longis, oblongis (nec ellipticis), secus margines hyalinis erosisque denique glabris (nec opacis integerrimis translucido-lepidotisque) denique filamentis glabris (non papillosis) praeclare distat. Tree to 14 m tall, 15 cm l)BH; branchlets terete, somewhat flexuous, 2-3 mm diam., the apical buds densely appressed ferrugineous furfuraceous-lepi- dote, glabrescent. Leaves membranaceous, the blades lanceolate. (6.7-)10.5-14.5 cm long, (2.8-)3.5- 5.7 cm wide, apex long-acuminate, the acumen 1- 2 cm long, base rounded, not decurrent on the petiole, costa slightly raised above, prominently raised below, secondary veins 20-35 pairs, slightly raised above and below, glabrous and somewhat nitid above, pallid, densely and prominently black punctate and sparsely furfuraceous lepidote below, glabrescent, the margin slightly irregular, flat, entire, glabrous; petiole canaliculate, 0.3-0.5(-0.7) cm long, gla¬ brous above, sparsely furfuraceous-lepidote below, glabrescent. Inflorescence terminal, bipinnately py¬ ramidal-paniculate, (6.5-)9.5-15 cm long, 6.5-10.5 cm wide at base, the raquis slightly flexuous, gla¬ brous; inflorescence bract unknown; floral bracts membranaceous, ovate, 0.3-0.5 mm long, 0.2-0.3 mm wide, apex obtuse, hyaline, conspicuously black puncate, early caducous, the margin entire, hyaline, glabrous; pedicels cylindrical, 3-7 nun long, con¬ spicuously red punctate, glabrous. Flowers corym¬ bose, 5-6-merous, white; sepals free, chartaceous, ovate, 2-2.8 mm long, 1 1.2 mm wide, apex trun¬ cate to premorse, densely and prominently red punc¬ tate, the margin hyaline, erose, glabrous; corolla membranaceous, (5.5-)5.8-6.3 mm long, the tube barely developed, 1.2 1.4 mm long, the lobes ob¬ long. 4.4-4.9 mm long, 2.4-2.6 mm wide, apex truncate to widely rounded, prominently black punc¬ tate and brown punctate-lineate, glabrous, the mar¬ gin minutely crenulate, glabrous; stamens 4.6-5 mm long, tbe filaments free, flat, 2.8-3.2 mm long, basally expanded, inserted at petal base, glabrous, epunetate, the anthers basifixed, lanceoloid, 2.1- 2.5 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide, apex truncate, base deeply cordate, concolorous, dehiscent by sub¬ terminal pores, then opening by narrow longitudinal slits, the connective epunetate; pistil 6 6.5 mm long in anthesis, the ovary conical, 1.2-1.4 mm long and in diam., the style 4.8-5.1 mm long, the stigma punctiform, the placenta globose, apiculate, the ovules 22-32, pluriseriate. Fruit globose, 5-7 mm long ami in diam., exocarp thin, densely and prom¬ inently black punctate. Distribution and ecology. Ardisia cardenasii is known only from premontane rainforests of the west¬ ern slopes of the Cordillera Occidental of Colombia, in the general area of Urrao, Antioquia, at 1,110- 1,400 m elevation. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Pipoly Ardisia 41 Figure 2. Ardisia cardenasii Pipoly. —A. Flowering branchlet, showing corymbose flowers of tripinnate panicle. — B. Abaxial leaf surface and branchlet, showing furfuraceous lepidote vestiture. —C. Corymb, showing cylindrical pedicels, and poricidally dehiscent anthers with truncate apices. —D. Fruit and calyx, showing hyaline, erose, glabrous margins. A-D, drawn from the holotype. 42 Novon Etymology. This species is named in honor of Dayron Cardenas Lopez, curator of the herbarium at the Fundacion Jardin Botanico, “Joaquin Antonio Uribe” (JAIIM), Medellin, Colombia. Through his numerous collections, and their copious field data, our knowledge of the flora from the Cordillera Oc¬ cidental (Antioquia and Choco) has been greatly improved. Common name. “Cuayabillo.” Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Parque Nation¬ al Natural “Las Orquideas,” Mcpio. Urrao, Camino de Venados toward Carauta, right bank of rio Venados, 1,400 m, 06°33'N, 76°17'W, 15 Feb. 1989 (fl), A. Cogollo et al. 4010 (COL, FMB, JAUM, MO, NY, US). Ardisia cardenasii, by its somewhat flexuous branchlets, adaxially glabrous, black punctate leaves with entire, flat margins, inflorescences with some¬ what flexuous primary rachis, flowers in corymbs, cylindrical pedicels, symmetric petals and sepals, petals basally short-connate, and finally, concolorous anthers dehiscent first by pores, then by longitudinal slits, is closely related to Ardisia standleyana P. H. Allen, which is a highly variable species occurring from Honduras to Venezuela. The membranaceous, lanceolate, scrobiculate leaf blades with rounded bas¬ es and canaliculate petioles, concomitant with the longer, oblong, apically premorse to truncate, more connate petals with hyaline, erose and glabrous mar¬ gins, clearly separate A. cardenasii from A. stan- dleyi. Ardisia pluvialis Pipoly, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Esmeraldas: streambed, near Rio Palavi, Awa encampment, 01°07'N, 78°37'W, 150-350 rn, 10 Feb. 1988 (fl), If. Hoover et al. 3747 (holotype, MO; isotypes, QCA, QCNE). Fig¬ ure 3. Species haec ob petiolos 5-9 mm longos, sepala anguste triangulares, 2-2.3 mm longa, necnon ad apices atten- tuatos A. loretensis valde affinis sed ab ea laminis 1.8- 3 (non 3.5-6.5) cm latis, ad apices longi-attenuato-(nec abrupte-) acuminatis, acumine 1.5-2 (non 0.6-1) cm longo, inflorescentiis erectis (non pendulis) cum rhachi- dibus flexuosis vel geniculatis (nec rectis), pedicellis 4.9- 5.5 (non 6-10) mm longis, denique fructibus verruculosis (non costatis) facile cognoscitur. Shrub to tree to 2 m tall; branchlets terete, thin, 2-2.5 mm diam., densely rufous furfuraceous-lep- idote, persistent. Leaves alternate, membranaceous, the blades narrowly elliptic to narrowly oblanceolate, (5.5—)8— 10(— 12) cm long, (1.8-)2-3 cm wide, apex long-acuminate, the acumen 1.5-2 cm, the base cuneate, decurrent on the petiole, glabrous, costa canaliculate, glabrous and epunctate above, prom¬ inently raised, densely furfuraceous-lepidote and black punctate-lineate below; smooth, somewhat nit- id and sparsely black punctate above, furfuraceous- lepidote, densely and prominently black punctate below, the margin roughly serrate, flat, glabrous; petioles deeply canaliculate, 0.5-0.9 mm long, gla¬ brous above, densely furfuraceous-lepidote below, persistent. Inflorescence terminal, columnar, pin- nately paniculate, 7-11 cm long, 4.5 6 cm wide, the rachis flexuous to geniculate; peduncle 1-1.2 cm long; inflorescence bract foliaceous, with same form as leaves, but 4-6 cm long, 1.5 1.7 cm wide; inflorescence branch bracts similar to inflorescence bract, but progressively smaller acropetally; second- order branch bracts membranaceous, linear, pro¬ gressively smaller acropetally, 1.8-2.2 mm long, ca. 0.3 mm wide, apex attenuate, densely and prom¬ inently black punctate and punctate-lineate, densely furfuraceous-lepidote, the margin entire, densely lepidote; floral bracts chartaceous, linear-lanceolate, 0.7-1.1 mm long, 0.2-0.4 mm wide, apex acute, the margin hyaline, erose and glandular-ciliate; ped¬ icel cylindrical, 4.9-5.5 mm long, 0.5 mm diam, densely and prominently black punctate and fur- furaceous-lepidote. Flowers corymbose, 5-merous; white; sepals free, chartaceous, narrowly triangular, 2.1-2.3 nun long, 0.7-0.9 mm wide, apex atten¬ uate, densely and prominently black punctate and punctate-lineate, the margin hyaline, regular, erose apically, long glandular-ciliate; corolla membrana¬ ceous, 3.8-4.2 mm long, the petals short-connate, the tube 1.2-1.4 mm long, the lobes oblong, 2.4- 2.6 mm long, 1.1-1.4 mm wide, apex acuminate, asymmetric, hyaline, sparsely and prominently black punctate-lineate medially, glabrous, the margin hy¬ aline, entire, glabrous; stamens 3.1 3.5 mm long; the filaments flat, 2.1 -2.3 mm long, inserted at petal base, expanded basally, glabrous, epunctate, the an¬ thers lanceolate, basifixed, 1.4-1.8 mm long, 0.5- 0.7 mm wide, apex cuspidate, base sagittate, dehis¬ cent by subterminal pores, then by wide longitudinal slits, the connective darkened dorsally, glabrous; pistil obturbinate, 4.4-4.6 mm long in anthesis, the ovary subglobose, 1 -1.2 mm long, 0.8-1 mm diam., verrucose, densely and prominently red punctate, the style 3.5-3.8 mm long, epunctate, the stigma punctiform, the placenta globose, apiculate, the ovules 4-6. pluriseriate. Fruit globose, 3 5 mm long and diam., exocarp thin, densely and prominently black punctate. Distribution and ecology. Ardisia pluvialis is endemic to pluvial forests along the rio Palawi, of northwesternmost Ecuador, a part of the Choco Flo- ristic Province (Gentry, 1982), at 150-250 m el- Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Pipoly Ardisia 43 Figure 3. Ardisia pluvialis Pipoly. —A. Flowering branchlet, showing scaly inflorescence rachis tomentum and corymbose flowers. — B. Abaxial leaf surface, showing furfuraceous lepidote scales, prominent punctations and roughly serrate margin. —C. Terminal bud, showing furfuraceous lepidote indumentum. — D. Corymb, showing large scales, prominently raised punctations and sepals with erose margins apically. —E. Flower at anthesis, showing cuspidate anthers. A-E, drawn from the holotype. 44 Novon evation. It grows as a small shrub between rocks at river edges. Etymology. The specific epithet “piuvialis” re¬ fers to rain and by inference suggests the rainforests below the Andean cordillera in which the species occurs. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Esmeraldas: streambed, near Rio Palawi, Awa encampment, 0°58'N, 78°16'W, 200 m, 10 Feb. 1988 (fr), H . Hoover et al. 3105 (MO, QCA); creek on left bank of rio Palavi, going upriver, 2 bends from Awa encampment, 01°07'N, 78°37'W, 225 m, 13 Feb. 1988 (fr), W. Hoover et al. 3188 (QCA, MO); Rio Palawi near Awa encampment, 150-200 m, 9 Feb. 1988 (fl), IF. Hoover et al. 3805 (QCA, MO); down Rio Palawi 1 km from Awa camp, 150-250 m, 12 Feb. 1988 (fl), ir . Hoover et al. 4119 (QCA, MO). Ardisia piuvialis, its sister species, A. novitensis Lundell, and A. loretensis Lundell are very closely related. They share such characters as the mem¬ branaceous leaves with dentate or serrate margins, the short petioles, terminal panicles with slender rachises and pedicels, furfuraceous indument of stalked scales on the branchlets, inflorescence ra¬ chises and abaxial leaf surfaces, and the hyaline- marginate sepals. Ardisia novitensis was thought to be endemic to southern Choco, but it has now been discovered recently at Murri (Antioquia), ad¬ joining the Parque Nacional “Fas Orquideas” (07//- lejas et al. 6 741). Ardisia loretensis, previously known from Amazonas and Loreto, Peru, has now been collected from Napo, Ecuador, in the Yasuni National Park and the Jatun Sacha Biological Station (Ceron 3612, 3018). These three closely related species may be sep¬ arated using the following key: la. Petioles 5-9 mm long; sepals narrowly trian¬ gular, 2-2.3 mm long, apex attenuate; plants of lowland forests, less than 500 m elevation. 2a. Leaf blades (1.8 )2 3 cm wide, apex long acuminate-attenuate, the acumen 1.5-2 cm long, the margin serrate; inflorescence erect, the rachis flexuous to geniculate; pedicels 4.9-5.5 mm long; fruit verrucu- lose; lowland riparian forest of NW Ec¬ uador, below W slopes of Western Andean Cordillera, 100 to 250 m elevation .... . 4. piuvialis 2b. Leaf blades 3.5-6.5 cm wide, apex abrupt¬ ly acuminate, the acumen 0.6-1 cm long, the margin dentate; inflorescence pendent, the rachis straight; pedicels 6-10 mm long; fruit longitudinally costate; Amazonian Peru and Ecuador, 100-450 m elevation .... . A. loretensis lb. Petioles 3-5 mm long; sepals ovate-triangular, 1-1.2 mm long, apex acute; premontane forests of Choco Floristic Province, 500-900 m ele¬ vation . A. novitensis Both Ardisia loretensis and A. novitensis were transferred to leaeorea Aublet by Lundell (1981) because of the furfuraceous lepidote indumentum of the branchlets and linear or lanceolate, concol- orous, and poricidally dehiscent anthers. However, because there is no unique feature that defines lea¬ eorea, I choose to recognize it as an infrageneric group rather than a distinct genus, pending further study. Acknowledgments. Field and herbarium work for studies on the flora of Las Orquldeas National Park is supported by grant 4731-92 from the National Geographic Society. I am thankful to Alvaro Cogollo, along with Dayron Cardenas, and Luzmarina Velez of the Fundacion Jardin Botanico, "Joaquin Antonio Uribe,” for their efforts and co-management of the project. Special thanks are due to Felipe Pineda, regional director of INDERENA, and Fabio Rami¬ rez, Park Director, for invaluable logistic help and use of the Park's excellent facilities. I thank Ben¬ jamin Stone who provided helpful comments on the paper. My studies in neotropical diversity are sup¬ ported by a grant from the John I). and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. Literature Cited Cuatrecasas, J. 1958. Aspectos de la vegetacion natural de Colombia. Rev. Acad. Ci. Exact 10: 221-668. Forero, E. 1982. La flora y la vegetacion del Choco y sus relaciones fitogeograficas. Colombia Geografica 10: 77-90. -. 1988. Botanical exploration and phytogeog¬ raphy of Colombia: Past, present and future. Taxon 37: 561-566. -. 1989. Colombia. In: D. G. Campbell & H. D. Hammond (editors), Floristic Inventory of Trop¬ ical Countries. New York Botanical Garden, New York. Gentry, A. 1982. Phytogeographic patterns as evidence for a Choco Refuge. Pp. 112-126 in G. T. Prance (editor), Biological Diversification in the Tropics. Co¬ lumbia Univ. Press, New York. Lundell, C. L. 1981. Neotropical Myrsinaceae —VI. Phytologia 49: 341-354. Stone, B. C. 1982. New and noteworthy Malaysian Myrsinaceae, I. Malaysian Forester 45: 101-121. A New Combination in Hyptis (Lamiaceae) Amy Pool Missouri Botanical Garden, FLO. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Ray M. Harley Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AB, LInited Kingdom ABSTRACT. The new combination Hyptis conferta var. angustata (Briquet) A. Pool & Harley is made to replace the invalid Hyptis conferta var. angus- tifolia Bentham. The name Hyptis conferta var. angustifolia Ben¬ tham has been widely used in publications and in specimen identification. However, in the process of preparing the Lamiaceae for the Flora de Nicara¬ gua, Pool noticed that the original Bentham publi¬ cation (Bentham, 1848: 112) had neither descrip¬ tion nor diagnosis and was therefore invalidly published. The earliest valid name lor this taxon at the varietal rank is Hyptis jurgensenii var. an¬ gustata Briquet, and a new combination based on this name is made here. When Epling validated Bentham’s name by fur¬ nishing it with a description, he placed in synonymy: Hyptis jurgensenii var. angustata Briquet (mis¬ takenly referring to it as H. jurgensenii var. an¬ gustifolia) (Epling, 1933). By including the earlier Briquet name in synonymy, Epling made the new name H. conferta var. angustifolia Bentham ex Epling superfluous and illegitimate. Hyptis conferta var. angustata (Briquet) A. Pool & Harley, comb. nov. Basionym: Hyptis jur¬ gensenii var. angustata Briquet, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 2: 220. 1898. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca: 3,000 ft., Galeotti 717(G). Hyptis ferruginea Bentham, Labiat. Gen. Spec. 113. 1833. TYPE: “Nova Hispania,” Moqino & Sesse s.n. (holotype, OXF). Hyptis excelsa M. Martens & Galeotti, Bull. Acad. Roy. Sci. Bruxelles 11(2): 188. 1844. TYPE: Mexico. Mirador: 3,000 ft., Galeotti 624 (holotype, BR not seen; isotypes, K, G photo seen). Hyptis lundii Bentham, in DC. Prodr. 12: 111. 1848. TYPE: Brazil. Sao Paulo: prope Batates, Lund s.n. (holotype, G-DC microfiche seen; isotype, C photo seen). Hyptis constricta Briquet, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 2: 217. 1898. TYPE: Costa Rica. Terraba: 260 m, Pittier <£ Durand 3719 (holotype, BR not seen). Hyptis jurgensenii Briquet, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 2: 219. 1898. TYPE: Mexico. Sierra San Pedro Nolasco, Jurgensen 723 (holotype, G). Hyptis conferta var. angustifolia Bentham ex Epling, nom. illeg. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34: 124. 1933. TYPE: Brazil. Prov. Piauhy in Serra do Ba- talha, Gardner 2933 (lectotype, K; isolectotypes, GH not seen, W). Hyptis belizensis Lundell, Contr. LJniv. Michigan Herb. 8: 83. 1942. TYPE: Belize. Toledo District: Swasey Branch, Monkey River, Gentle 2896 (holotype, MICH not seen; isotypes, MO, NY). Acknowledgment. We thank C. M. Taylor and B. K. Brummitt for their support and consultation. Literature Cited Bentham, G. 1848. Labiatae. In: A. P. de Candolle, Prodromus 12: 27-603. Paris. Epling, C. 1933. Synopsis of the genus Hyptis in North America. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 34: 73- 130. Novon 4: 45. 1994. A New Species and New Combinations of Boraginaceae from China 11 a raid Hied l Naturhistorisches Museum, Botanische Abteilung, Burgring 7, A-1014, Wien, Postlach 417, Austria ABSTRACT. Cynoglossum macrocalycinum from Xinjiang, China, is described as new, and its distin¬ guishing characters from the other species of the genus are given. The new combinations C. furcatum var. villosulurn and Hackelia difformis are pro¬ posed. Cynoglossum officinale L., a species widespread in Europe and western Asia, was reported for China by various workers, including Liu (1989). Liu’s de¬ scription of the species indicated that a different species, though superficially resembling C. offici¬ nale, is involved. A specimen identified under this name was loaned from Jiangsu Institute of Botany (NAS) during the revision of Boraginaceae for the Flora of China. The specimen is herein described as a new species. Cynoglossum macrocalycinum Biedl, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Sinkiang [Xinjiang], Shawan County, Ziniquan, Ning jiahe, hill slope, 1,750 m, T. Zhou s.n. (holotype, NAS). Species nova imprimis foliis caulinis maximis, mediis et superioribus tantum notis 13-14 cm longis, 3-3.5 cm latis, pedicellis sub anthesi 1 cm, postea usque ad 3 cm longis, calycibus floriferis 8-9 mm longis, laciniis fere ad basin liberis, marginibus sese tegentibus, ovatis vel ovato- oblongis, obtusissimis, subpatule dense albo-pilosis impri¬ mis, post florendum ad 10-12 mm elongatis, latitudine inaequalibus lobo latissimo usque ad 5 mm lato, angus- tissimo, quam omnes ceteri multo angustiore, 2.5 mm lato, corolla campanulata, calycem paulo tantum super- ante, 9-9.5 mm lata, obscure reticulato-venosa, fornicibus magnis subquadratis quam antherae multo majoribus in- signis. Herbs stout, at least 50 60 cm high, lower parts missing. Stem with few branches in leaf axils, densely covered with white patent or slightly reflexed hairs. Upper middle leaves oblong-lanceolate, 13-14 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, sessile, base attenuate, apex subacute; uppermost leaves ovate- to oblong-lan¬ ceolate, 5.5-11 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, base often abruptly contracted or rounded, apex acute to su- bobtuse; leaves of lateral branches lanceolate to lin¬ ear-lanceolate, (3-)6-9 cm long, 0.8 1.8 cm wide, lowermost indistinctly petiolate; leaf indumentum of ± patent, curved hairs ol different length. Cymes Novon 4: 46-47. 1994. short, loose at last, without bracts. Pedicel ca. 1 cm at flowering, to 3 cm in fruit, densely covered with white hairs, straight at first, little recurved later along upper third. Calyx 8 9 mm long in flower, sepals free to base, imbricately covering each other along margins, ovate to ovate-oblong, broadly ob¬ tuse, elongated to 10-12 mm after flowering, un¬ equal in width, widest to 5 mm, narrowest ca. 2.5 mm, often also shorter than others, all subexplanate, densely covered with patent white hairs. Corolla campanulate, to 1 mm longer than calyx, 9-9.5 mm wide, dark purple, with reticulate veins; tube ca. 5 mm long, equaling limb; lobes to 2 mm long, very broadly rounded. Faucal appendages large, subquadrate, much bigger than anthers. Ovary re¬ maining very small well after anthesis. Style short, included in corolla. Mature nutlets not seen. Due to the lack of mature nutlets, the exact relationships of Cynoglossum macrocalycinum cannot be established. It is readily distinguished from C. officinale and the other Chinese species by large calyces strongly accrescent alter flowering, broadly obtuse unequal calyx lobes with overlapping mar¬ gins, distinctly veined corollas only slightly longer than calyx, and nutlets attaining their full size very late. This combination of characters is unique in the genus. The corolla venation of C. macrocalycinum resembles that of C. creticum Miller, but the latter species has a smaller (3-5 mm long) flowering calyx that becomes reflexed in fruit and with equal oblong lobes. In addition to C. macrocalycinum, there are two other species of Cynoglossum from Xinjiang, C. divaricatum Stephan and C. viridiflorum Pallas ex Lehmann, both belonging to subgenus Cynog¬ lossum. ft is most likely that the new species also belongs to this group. Cynoglossum furcatum Wallich ex Roxburgh var. villosulurn (Nakai) Riedl, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: Cynoglossum villosulurn Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 6. 1923. TYPE: not desig¬ nated. The inflorescence in variety villosulurn is less branched and more elongated than in the type va¬ riety, the leaves are short pubescent and usually Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Riedl Boraginaceae from China 47 also larger, and the glochids are less abundant on the dorsal surface of the nutlets. Cynoglossum furcatum is the correct name for what has been erroneously called C. zeylanicum by various authors who followed Brand (1921). True C. zeylanicum (Vahl) Thunberg has one or few T , terminal, elongated, upright branches of the inflo¬ rescence, instead of many divaricate branches. In this respect it is more similar to variety villosulum , but the leaf hairs are shorter and more rough, and the plant and leaves are usually much smaller. Cy¬ noglossum javanicum Thunberg is probably con- specific with C. zeylanicum, and the species does not grow north of Sri Lanka. The case will he dealt with at more length in connection with a revision ol Cynoglossum subg. Paracynoglossum now in prog¬ ress. Hackelia difformis (Y. S. Lian & J. Q. Wang) Riedl, comb. nov. Basionym: Eritrichium dif- forrne Y. S. Lian & C. Q. Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 515. 1980. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Leibo, 7. 7. Yii 3842 (holotype, HP). Lian & Wang (1980, 1989) argued that there are not sufficient differences between Eritrichium and Hackelia to keep the latter as a separate genus. However, the most important character separating the two, shape of the gynobase, was not mentioned in their argument. The gynobase in Eritrichium is cushion-shaped and 1 mm high at best, whereas in Hackelia it is distinctly conical and 2-3 mm high. Furthermore, Hackelia species are taller as a rule, many have basal leaves with cordate to truncate base, and all have deflexed fruiting pedicels, though such pedicels are found in some species of Eritri¬ chium. The marginal prickles of nutlets are less reliable in differentiating between the two genera. In Hackelia they always are anchorlike at the apex, but in Eritrichium they may be acute or even broad¬ ly obtuse and flat as a whole, and only sometimes are they mixed with glochids. Hackelia difformis is a typical representative of the genus, and it bears close resemblance to many Pacific American spe¬ cies, where Hackelia is centered. In my opinion, the two genera represent different evolutionary lines. It is very likely that other species listed under Er¬ itrichium from China will have to be transferred to Hackelia in the future. Acknowledgments. I am grateful to Ihsan Al- Shehbaz for help during the revision of Boraginaceae for the Flora of China and in the preparation of this manuscript. I am indebted to the directors and curators of I BSC, KUN, NAS, PE, and SZ for the loan of specimens. Literature Cited Brand, A. 1921. Borraginaceae-Borraginoideae-Cy- noglosseae. In: A. Engler (editor), Das Pflanzenreich IV. 252. Lian, Y. S. & J. Q. Wang. 1989. Eritrichium. In: X. W. Kung & W. T. Wang (editors), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 116-151. -, - & W. T. Wang. 1980. New Taxa of Boraginaceae from Xizang (Tibet). Acta Phytotax. Sin. 18: 514-520. Liu, Y. L. 1989. Cynoglossum. In: X. W. Kung & W. T. Wang (editors), FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 64(2): 220-229. Jessea and Talamancalia , Two New Genera of the Senecioneae (Asteraceae) from Costa Rica and Panama Harold Robinson and Jose Cuatrecasas Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, l).C. 20560, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Two new genera from Costa Rica and Panama, Jessea and Talamancalia, are described. Both genera have elongate corolla lobes, styles with paired stigmatic lines and narrowly rounded peni- cillate-haired tips, small papillose cells on the aehene surface, and neither has tails on the anthers. Jessea has a spiciferous receptacle and carpopodia with many rows of cells. Jessea includes Senecio eooperi, S. megaphyllus, and ,S. multivenius, with the last as type; the appropriate new combinations are made herein. Talamancalia has mucilage hairs on the aehene and carpopodia nearly obsolete. The genus includes Talamancalia boquetensis (Standley) H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas and the new species, T. westonii, with the latter as type. Two new genera are established lor species of Senecioneae from Panama and Costa Rica that have some of the general appearance ol true Senecio L., and have some aspects of Pseudogynoxys (Green- man) Cabrera and Jacmaia B. Nordenstam, but differ in details of the style tips, stigmatic surfaces, corolla lobes, and the setulae of the aehene. The first genus, Jessea, includes Senecio multivenius and two other species that in some characters re¬ semble the genus Jacmaia of Nordenstam. The oth¬ er genus, Talamancalia, includes Senecio Ixxjue- tensis Standley and a second species, Talamancalia westonii, which is described here as new. Senecio multivenius Bentham ex Oersted of Cos¬ ta Rica was described almost I 50 years ago, and is the best known of the series of superficially similar, but poorly understood species in southern Central America. The group includes the more recently de¬ scribed and closely related S. eooperi Greenman and S. megaphyllus Greenman. The superficially similar Senecio boquetensis was described about 50 years ago from the province of Chiriqui in Panama. All the species mentioned have elongate corolla lobes, style tips rather rounded and bearing an apical pencil of hairs, and small papillose cells on the surface of the aehene. In contrast, Senecio sensu stricto has short corolla lobes, truncate style tips without apical hairs, and usually narrow smooth cells on the surface Novon 4: 48-52. 1994. of the aehene. The species all require transfer from Senecio sensu stricto to other genera. The first of the Central American species listed above to be removed from Senecio was the Pana¬ manian endemic S. boquetensis, one of two species transferred hy Turner (1991) to the widely distrib¬ uted neotropical genus Pseudogynoxys (Greenman) Cabrera. The position of the species in Pseudogy¬ noxys was accepted by Jeffrey (1992). Jeffrey (1992) also transferred the Costa Rican S. eooperi, S. me¬ gaphyllus, and S. multivenius to the previously exclusively Jamaican genus Jacmaia of Nordenstam (1978). The latter transfer reflected a similarity in habit and the presence of subulate processes in the receptacle in Jacmaia and the ,5. multivenius group. Of these treatments, the present study accepts the conclusion by Jeffrey that the primarily Costa Rican S. multivenius group and the Panamanian S. bo¬ quetensis are not directly related to each other. However, the present study rejects Jeffrey’s (1992) placement of the S. multivenius group in Jacmaia and rejects Turner’s (1991) and Jeffrey's (1992) placement of S. boquetensis in Pseudogynoxys. Both elements are named here as new genera. The Central American species listed above all fall among the senecionoid genera of the tribe Seneci¬ oneae in the list by Jeffrey (1992) although they are placed in different subgroups. Jacmaia, includ¬ ing the S. multivenius series, is placed by Jeffrey in his Neotropical Group, with mostly woody genera such as Pentacalia. Jeffrey’s Jacmaia sensu lato is described as having scalelike processes on the re¬ ceptacle, style-arms appendaged, a massive carpo- podium with 10-12 or more rows of cells, and leaves pinnately lobed. Pseudogynoxys, with ,S. boqueten¬ sis, is placed by Jeffrey in his senecionoid group closer to Erechtites Rafinesque and Emilia (Cassini) Cassini and Senecio L. sensu stricto. Jeffrey states that the styles have trullate appendages, the car¬ popodia are obscure, and the genus does not have processes on the receptacle. Some of the differences between Jacmaia and Pseudogynoxys noted by Jeffrey (1992) are re¬ tained here to distinguish the two new' genera, but Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Robinson & Cuatrecasas Jessea and Talamancalia 49 the new genera are not considered as distant from each other in relationship as suggested by Jeffrey, and they do not belong to the genera in which they are placed by Turner (1991) and Jeffrey (1992). The Senecio multivenius group differs from Jar- main by three striking features. The style appendage in the Jamaican type species of Jacmaia, ,/. incana (Swartz) B. Nordenstam, is sharply acute, the stig- matic surface is continuous over the inner surface of each branch, and anther bases have long tails. The style tip of the S. multivenius group is rounded and ends in a pencil ol long hairs, the style branch has separated paired stigmatic lines, and the anthers have no tails. In Jacmaia the continuous stigmatic surface is correlated with a greatly enlarged resin duct in the style branch. The style branches of the S. multivenius group and S. boquetensis have only a slender duct. The .S. multivenius group is here named as a new genus, Jessea, in honor of the well- known authority in the Senecioneae, Jesse M. Green- man (1867-1951). The comparative similarity of Senecio boqueten¬ sis to Pseudogynoxys is not considered sufficient to include the species in that genus. The Panamanian endemic and the related undescribed Costa Kican species are erect herbs or subshrubs, while species of Pseudogynoxys are scrambling subshrubs or vines, fhe difference in habit from Pseudogynoxys is par¬ ticularly marked in the previously undescribed shrubby Costa Rican relative of S. boquetensis. l he lea ves of the new genus are deeply, pinnately lobed at the base of the blade, while those of Pseudogy¬ noxys are unlobed. The leaf bases have stipulelike continuations of the petiolar wing that clasp the stem, but isolated stipulelike lobes at the bases of unwinged petioles are found in only a few species of Pseudogynoxys (Robinson & Cuatrecasas, 1977). An additional useful feature of the new genus is the fattened and often obviously mucilaginous setulae on the achene wall. The setulae of Pseudogynoxys are smaller and not mucilaginous. The tips of the styles of the new genus are narrowly rounded with an abruptly delimited apical penicillate tuft of hairs, while the style tips of Pseudogynoxys are distinctly pointed and hairs are often continuous along the margins of the tapering tip. The anther appendages of the new genus have thicker-walled inner cells and a channeled center, but the appendages of Pseu¬ dogynoxys have more uniformly thickened cells throughout with no central channel. The new genus, with two species, is here named Talamancalia after the Talamanca Mountains of Costa Rica and Pan¬ ama where it occurs. A comparison of the two new genera shows that in addition to having an armed receptacle and a carpopodium with many rows of cells, Jessea differs from Talamancalia by having the narrow heads clustered in dense corymbiform cymes, in having only eight involucral bracts in each head, and in the less complex and less polarized thickenings of its median endothecial cells. One additional element of interest in the Jessea and Talamancalia relationship is the second species transferred to Pseudogynoxys by Turner (1991), Senecio telembinus Cuatrecasas of the Rio Mal¬ donado on the border of Ecuador and Colombia. Fhe South American species is like 5. boquetensis in superficial aspect, having similar enlarged leaf bases, and close-set, ascending secondary veins. The Mal¬ donado species differs from the Panama species, and from much of Senecio sensu stricto, by the lack of lobes on the leaves, by the lack of setulae on the achenes, by the presence of only eight ribs in the achene, and by the short-triangular style tip with a long apical pencil of hairs and strong subapical fringe. The South American species has no woolly pubes¬ cence. The species differs more importantly from all the discussed elements by the base of the leaf forming a sheath completely surrounding the stem. The Maldonado species was the basis of a separate genus, Garcibarrigoa, by Cuatrecasas (1986). In spite of the differences, it seems likely that Garci¬ barrigoa is a rather close relative of Talamancalia. The five genera, Garcibarrigoa, Jacmaia, Jes¬ sea, Pseudogynoxys, and Talamancalia, differ from almost all species of Senecio sensu stricto by having long and narrow lobes on the corolla. The lobes in Jacmaia and all of Jessea except the type species are about as long as the throat. The limbs and the lobes of the corolla of Garcibarrigoa are compar¬ atively short with the lobes narrowly triangular rath¬ er than narrowly oblong. The new genus Jessea is characterized as follows: Jessea H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas, gen. nov. TYPE: Jessea multivenia (Bentham ex Oer¬ sted) fi. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas. In receptaculis armatis Jacmaiae similis sed in apicibus stylorum rotundatis et penicillate pilosis in lineis stigma- taceis binis et in thecis antherarum base non caudatis differt. Erect, coarse subshrubs to 5 m tall, sparingly branched; stems, leaves, and inflorescence minutely puberulous to subglabrous; stems often deflected at nodes, with longer internodes above, with solid pith. Leaves alternate, with base clasping but not com¬ pletely surrounding stem; petioles distinctly winged to partially unwinged; blade narrowly ovate to ellip¬ tical, usually pinnately lobed near base, serrate above. 50 Novon apex acute, secondary veins closely pinnate, widely spreading at 80-90°. Inflorescence terminal, with ascending branches, bearing numerous heads in dense corymbiform cymes; peduncles slender, minutely puberulous. Heads heterogamous, radiate, narrowly campanulate, with ca. 6 filiform calycular bracts in 1-2 series, involucral bracts usually 8. subequal; receptacle with scalelike processes. Ray florets 3 8; corollas yellow, glabrous, limbs with oblong cells above, not papillose. Disk florets 8 18; corollas yel¬ low, glabrous, basal tube narrow, elongate, lobes narrowly triangular to linear, /,-3 times as long as throat, with weak resin ducts along margins and sometimes in center; anther collars with basal cells inflated; thecae with rounded bases, median endothe- cial cells with numerous thickenings on vertical walls, with few small thickenings on transverse walls; apical appendage oblong, with central channel inside, slightly concave outside, cells elongate, with thick¬ ened walls except at appendage margin; style base with distinct node; style shaft with 2 weak resin ducts outside of veins; style branches with separate paired stigmatic lines, a single central resin duct, short apical appendage prominently rounded with basal fringe of hairs, and isolated long apical tuft. Achenes cylindrical with 8 ribs, with short and mam- illose surface cells, setulae slender and narrowly pointed or lacking; raphids seen only in ovule, ob¬ long; carpopodium annuliform with 4-12 series of sclerified cells; pappus with slender easily deciduous bristles in ca. 3 series, without broadened tips. Pollen grains 30-40 pm diam. The genus contains three species. Key to the Species of Jessea la. Achenes covered with slender setulae . . J. cooperi lb. Achenes glabrous. 2a. Petiole at least partially unwinged; lobes of disk corolla distinctly shorter than corolla throat . J. multiveriia 2b. Petiole winged throughout; lobes of disk corolla about as long as the throat . . J. megaphylla Jessea cooperi (Greenman) H. Robinson & J. Cua- trecasas, comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio coop¬ eri Greenman, Publ. Field Columbian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 284. 1907. Jacmaia cooperi (Greenman) Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 47: 03. 1992. Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama. Jessea megaphylla (Greenman) H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas, comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio megaphyllus Greenman, Publ. Field Colum¬ bian Mus., Bot. Ser. 2: 284. 1907. Jacmaia megaphylla (Greenman) Jeffrey. Kew Bull. 47: 63. 1992. Distribution. Costa Rica, Panama. Jessea multivenia (Bentham ex Oersted) H. Rob¬ inson & J. Cuatrecasas, comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio multivenius Bentham ex Oersted, Vi- densk. Meddel. Dansk. Naturalist. Foren., Kjobenhavn 1852: 109. 1853. Jacmaia mul¬ tivenia (Bentham ex Oersted) Jeffrey, Kew Bull. 47: 63. 1992. Distribution. Costa Rica. The new genus Talamancalia is characterized as follows: Talamancalia H. Robinson & J. Cuatrecasas, gen. nov. TYPE: Talamancalia westonii H. Rob¬ inson & J. Cuatrecasas. Pseudogynoxys similis sed in habitu non volubilis in foliis lobatis et base anguste alatis et amplexicaulis in apicibus stylorum rotundatis penicillate pilosulis et in se- tulis acheniarum mucilagineis differt. Erect or spreading subshrubs or shrubs to 2 m tall, unbranched or branching from near base; stems with short internodes and slightly deflected nodes below, with longer internodes above, hirsute to lan- uginose, glabrescent with age, partially fistulose or with solid pith. Leaves alternate, with base clasping but not completely surrounding the stem; petioles scarcely to distinctly winged below lowest lobes; blade ovate to ovate-lanceolate, pinnately lobed mostly near base, serrate above, apex acute to acuminate, surfaces pilose to lanuginose, lower surface paler, secondary veins closely pinnate, somewhat to strong¬ ly ascending. Inflorescence terminal, in loose, elon¬ gate, rounded cyme, with ascending branches or with few heads on short branches; branches sub- glabrous to lanuginose. Heads heterogamous, radi¬ ate, broadly campanulate, with numerous filiform to broadly ovate calycular bracts in 2-3 series, invo¬ lucral bracts 15-20, subequal; receptacle nonfis- tulose, without pales or spines. Ray florets 8 15; corollas orange, glabrous, limbs with short-oblong cells above, not papillose. Disk florets 20 90; co¬ rollas orange, glabrous, basal tube narrow, lobes narrowly oblong, slightly longer than throat, with resin ducts central and marginal; anther collars with basal cells inflated; thecae with rounded bases, inner median endothecial cells elongate with thickenings along vertical walls, outer median endothecial cells elongate with single thickenings on transverse walls; apical appendage oblong-ovate, with central chan- Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Robinson & Cuatrecasas Jessea and Talamancalia 51 Figure 1. Talamancalia westonii H. Robinson & Cuatrecasas, living plant. Photo by Weston. nel, channel sometimes reddish, cells elongate, with thickened walls except at appendage margin; style base with distinct node; style shalt with 2 resin ducts outside of veins; style branches with separate paired stigmatic lines, a single central resin duct, short appendage prominently rounded with basal fringe of hairs and isolated short apical tuft. Achenes cy¬ lindrical with 10 ribs, with short and mamillose sur¬ face cells, setulae short and somewhat broadened, sometimes obviously mucilaginous; raphids seen only in ovule, oblong; carpopodium obsolete with a some¬ times incomplete single series of sclerified cells; pap¬ pus with slender easily deciduous bristles in ca. 4 series, without broadened tips. Pollen grains ca. 37 /am diam. The genus contains two species. Key to the Species of Talamancalia la. Heads 8-15 in each corymbiform cyme, ca. 1.0-1.3 cm high, with numerous filiform ca- lycular bracts at base; leaves lobed only below basal fifth of blade, scarcely or thinly lanuginose on lower surface; secondary veins 1.5-4.0 cm long, mostly parallel and close nearly to margin, ascending at ca. 45°; limbs of rays with ca. 8 longitudinal veins. T. boquetensis lb. Heads 2-4, ca. 2 cm high, with large ovate calycular bracts covering involucre; leaves lobed below from near middle of blade, with dense whitish tomentum or wool on lower surface; secondary veins less than 1.5 cm long, mostly somewhat diverging, mostly spreading at more than 45°; limbs of rays with 10-15 longitudinal veins . T. westonii Talamancalia boquetensis (Standley) H. Rob¬ inson & J. Cuatrecasas, comb. nov. Basionym: Senecio boquetensis Standley, Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 22: 394. 1940. Pseu- dogynoxys boquetensis (Standley) B. Turner, Phytologia 71: 206. 1991. Distribution. Panama. The specimens seen seem to have two forms. One specimen (Grant & Rundell 92-02090) has hirsute, 52 Novon nonlanuginose stems, leaf undersurfaces without ob¬ vious wool, fistulose stems, and distinctly winged petioles. In contrast, the type ( Pitlier 5382) and a collection bearing the unpublished name “Senecio whiteae” Greenman (Dwyer 353) have a distinct thin wool on the leaf undersurfaces and a petiole that is scarcely winged in the part just above the base. Of the two specimens, the type has nonfistulose stems and acute leaf tips, while the Dwyer specimen has fistulose stems and leaf tips acuminate. The Grant and Rundell specimen is from 4 km southwest of Las Mellizas near the Costa Rican border. The type and the Dwyer collection are from near Bo- quete. Barkley (1975) stated that heads sometimes lack rays, and they seem to be lacking in some heads of the type specimen. Close examination shows that abraded remnants of rays are usually present in these heads. Talamanealia westonii H. Robinson & J. Cua- trecasas, sp. nov. TYPK: Costa Rica. San Jose: Cerro Lohmann, Chirripo National Park, ca. 3,100 m, 1 1 Feb. 1981, A. S. Weston 12373 (holotype, LIS). Figure 1. In habitu fruticoso in internodis brevibus in foliis sub mediis lobatis et subtus dense albo-tomentosis in nervis secundariis brevibus leniter divergentibus in capitulis pau- cis magnis et in bracteis calyculis magnis late ovatis differt. Shrub ca. 30 cm high, with 2 or 3 branches from base; stems with white wool, less wool when old, internodes 0.5-1.0 cm long, with solid pith. I.eaves alternate, bases expanded, clasping part on each side of stem to 5 mm wide; petioles ca. 1 cm long, scarcely winged near base, bearing lobes above; blades narrowly ovate, 5.0-5.5 cm long, 1.7-2.5 cm wide, basal lobed, margin above middle irregularly serrate, apex narrowly acute, upper sur¬ face densely hirsute with hairs bearing white-fla- gellate tips, lower surface densely white-tomentose, secondary veins 8-10, spreading mostly at more than 45° angle, 1.5 cm or less long, somewhat diverging toward margin. Inflorescence terminal, branches 4-5 cm long, thinly lanuginose, bearing 2-4 heads; bracts foliiform, sessile, ovate, 2.5-3.5 cm long, ca. 1.5 cm wide; peduncles 0.5-1.0 cm long. Heads broadly campanulate, 2.0 2.3 cm high; calycular bracts covering involucre, ca. 7, broadly ovate to ohlong-ovate, 10-12 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, apex acute to short acuminate, outer surface thinly lanuginose; involucral bracts ca. 13, 10-11 mm long, 1.5-2.0 mm wide, narrowly acute, thinly lanuginose outside; ray florets ca. 15; corollas or¬ ange, glabrous, basal tube ca. 9 mm long, limb ca. 19 mm long, 5.5-6.0 mm wide, with 10-15 lon¬ gitudinal veins, minutely trilobed at tip. staminodea present; disk florets 80 90; corollas orange, gla¬ brous. basal tube 12-13 mm long, throat 2.5-3.0 mm long, lobes ca. 4 mm long, 0.7 mm wide; anther collars ca. 0.5 mm long; anther thecae ca. 3.5 mm long, apical appendage ca. 0.7 mm long. Achenes ca. 3 mm long, covered with broadened setulae; pappus bristles ca. 7 mm long. The label indicates the plant is a shrub 30 cm tall, with 2 or 3 branches from the base, the heads are radiate and bright orange, and the plants were very rare on an east-facing cliff of Cerro Lohmann. Weston mentioned on his label that the plant some¬ what resembled, in a gross way, S. boquelensis Standley. Actual mucilage has not been seen issuing from the setulae of the achenes of Talamanealia wes¬ tonii. However, the setulae are somewhat broadened like those of the type specimen of Talamanealia boquetensis , where mucilage has been seen. Acknowledgment. The photograph of Talaman¬ ealia ivestonii was copied by Victor E. Krantz, Staff Photographer, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Literature Cited Barkley, T. M. 1975. VIII. Senecioneae. In: R. E. Woodson & R. W. Schery (editors), Flora of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 62: 1244-1272. Cuatrecasas, J. 1986. Dos generos de Compositae de Colombia. Caldasia 15: 1-14. Jeffrey, C. 1992. The tribe Senecioneae (Compositae) in the Mascarene Islands with an annotated World check-list of the genera of the tribe. Notes on Com¬ positae VI. Kew Bull. 47: 49-109. Nordenstam, B. 1978. Taxonomic studies in the tribe Senecioneae (Compositae). Opera Bot. 44: 1 83. Robinson, H. & J. Cuatrecasas. 1977. Notes on the genus and species limits of Pseudogynoxys (Greenm.) Cabrera. Phytologia 36: 177-192. Turner, B. L. 1991. Transfer of two species of Senecio to Pseudogynoxys (Asteraceae-Senecioneae). Phy¬ tologia 71: 205-207. New Combinations in the Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners Complex (Compositae: Astereae) John C. Semple Department of Biology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 Abstract. New combinations in the Heterotheca villosa complex were deemed necessary for a pend¬ ing revision of Heterotheca sect. Phyllotheca. Based on extensive fieldwork and examination of a large number of herbarium collections, the following new combinations are proposed: Heterotheca steno- phylla var. angustifolia, II. villosa var. ballardii, II. villosa var. depressa, H. villosa var. horrida , II. villosa var. minor , and H. villosa var. nana. During investigations leading to a revision of Het¬ erotheca sect. Phyllotheca Nuttall and systematics papers on various aspects of the biology of members of the section, the following new combinations were determined to be required. Nomenclatural decisions were reached after examining more than 8,700 her¬ barium specimens of H. sect. Phyllotheca. Semple (1990) presented a possible conservative synonymy for II. villosa (Pursh) Shinners, noting that several additional varieties might warrant recognition based on additional data. Multivariate morphometric anal¬ yses completed since 1990 indicate that upper stem leaf shape and the numbers of hairs and glands per unit area of leaf surface are useful in delimiting taxa within the highly variable H. villosa complex. The details of these analyses will be published elsewhere. Heterotheca stenophylla (A. Cray) Shinners var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Semple, comb. nov. Basionym: Chrysopsis angustifolia Rydberg, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 37: 128. 1910. Chry¬ sopsis villosa (Pursh) Nuttall var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Cronquist, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 74: 150. 1947. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shin¬ ners var. angustifolia (Rydberg) Harms, Wrightia 4: 16. 1968. TYPE: U.S.A. Ne¬ braska: Hooker Co., near Mullen, Middle Loup River, 14 Sep. 1893, Rydberg 1766 (lecto- type, selected by Semple (1990), NY; isolec- totypes, GH, NY, US). This is the common, moderately pubescent and eglandular goldenaster on the eastern prairies from Texas north to South Dakota. The type would be identified as a member of H. stenophylla, if it was glandular like members of variety stenophylla. The two varieties occur in pure and mixed populations throughout the range of the species. Most individuals in H. stenophylla have narrow oblanceolate leaves that are usually crowded and ascending and have distinctly larger hairs along much of the leaf margin than on the surfaces. Leaf surface hairs in both varieties of II. stenophylla often have a broader base than normal in section Phyllotheca. In the southern part of its range, variety angustifolia can be quite similar to Ft. canescens (DC.) Shinners. In the northern part of its range, variety angustifolia can be similar to II. villosa var. villosa. Plants from Nebraska, Oklahoma, and Texas treated as II. vil¬ losa var. foliosa in floras belong in H. stenophylla var. angustifolia. In the Black Hills area of South Dakota, which is at the limits of distribution for both taxa, II. stenophylla var. angustifolia and II. vil¬ losa var. foliosa can be difficult to distinguish. Local hybridization between II. villosa and II. stenophylla undoubtedly occurs in the northern part of the range of the latter species. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. bal¬ lardii (Rydberg) Semple, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: Chrysopsis ballardii Rydberg, Brit - tonia 1: 100. 1931. TYPE: U.S.A. Minnesota: Chaska, July 1891, Ballard 640 (holotype, MIN). This is the generally robust, larger-headed, many- rayed, eglandular, oblong-leaved race of the species occurring on the northeastern prairies of Canada and the United States. Typical variety villosa has oblanceolate leaves and smaller heads with fewer rays. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. de¬ pressa (Rydberg) Semple, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: Chrysopsis depressa Rydberg, Mem. New York Bot. Card. 1: 381. 1900. Heterotheca depressa (Rydberg) Dorn, Vase. PL Wyoming. 295. 1988. TYPE: U.S.A. Wy¬ oming: Yellowstone National Park, Lower Gey¬ ser Basin, 4 Aug. 1897, Rydberg & Bessey 5067 (holotype, NY; isotypes, CAN, US). Novon 4: 53-54. 1994. 54 Novon This is the generally small-statured, smaller-head¬ ed, few-rayed, densely pubescent and very sparsely glandular race of the species that occurs in typical form in the vicinity of hotsprings and geysers in Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming. Less typical plants also have been collected in the nearby Teton National Park. Members of variety minor and plants intermediate between variety depressa and variety minor occur in both parks. Field observations in¬ dicate that typical variety depressa is common near the type locale and other hotsprings and geysers in Upper Geyser Basin, while variety minor is common in other areas of Yellowstone National Park. Dorn (1988) treated variety depressa as a separate spe¬ cies. Our numerical analyses indicate that too many plants intermediate between variety depressa and variety minor occur to justify species status. Both varieties are tetraploid in the area of sympatry. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Simmers var. minor (Hooker) Semple, comb. nov. Basionym: Chry- sopsis villosa (Pursh) Nuttall [var.] (3 minor Hooker, London J. Bot. 6: 244. 1847. TYPE: U.S.A. [Wyoming: Sweetwater Co.,] “Oregon [Territory], on the granite masses of the Sweet Water Biver, only fringing the fissures,” July 1843, Geyer 7 (holotype, K; isotypes, GH, K ex Bentham, NY). Diplopappus hispida Hooker, FI. Bor. Amer. 27: 22. 1834. Chrysopsis hispida (Hooker) DC., Prod. 7: 279. 1836. Chrysopis villosa (Pursh) Nuttall var. hispida (Hooker) A. Gray, Synop. FI. N. Amer. 1, 2: 123. 1884. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. hispida (Hooker) Harms, Brittonia 26: 61. 1974. TYPE: Canada. Saskatchewan: Carlton House [Fort], 1827, Richardson s.ri. (lectotype, selected by Semple (1990), BM, shoot No. 2). Phis variety has long been recognized as variety hispida , a name that does not have priority at the varietal rank. The holotype of variety minor is a small-headed individual with oblanceolate leaves that are about average in hair density for the variety and considerably, but not significantly, above av¬ erage in gland density. The type of Diplopappus hispidus has leaves with indument density very low for variety minor. If variety hispida were to be recognized as a separate taxon, then many other local and rare morphs occurring in the Rocky Moun¬ tains would also need to be recognized to be con¬ sistent. However, there are numerous individuals with intermediate traits. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. hor- rida (Hooker) Semple, comb, et stat. nov. Bas¬ ionym: Chrysopsis horrida Rydberg, Bull. Tor- rey Bot. Club 31: 648. 1904. Heterotheca horrida (Rydberg) Harms, Wrightia 4: 17. 1968. TYPE: U.S.A. Colorado: New Windsor, 8 Aug. 1900, Osterhout 2326 (holotype, NY; isotypes, RM(2), WIS). This is the common foothills and prairie race of the species occurring from southeastern Wyoming to central New Mexico and west to northeastern Arizona. It is similar to variety minor in indument and differs in having oblong versus oblanceolate upper stem leaves. The capitulescence is generally compact and rather umbelliform. This variety has been recognized as a species in some floras (e.g., Harms, in Correll & Johnston, 1970; Great Plains Flora Association, 1986; Dorn, 1988). Semple (1990) placed it in synonymy under II. villosa var. hispida (= var. minor) on the basis of similiarity in indument features. Heterotheca villosa (Pursh) Shinners var. nana (A. Cray) Semple, comb. nov. Basionym: Chry¬ sopsis caneseen: * (DC.) T orrey & Cray var. nana A. Gray, Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts 4: 78. 1849. TYPE: U.S.A. New Mexico: [possibly Mora Co.:] “elevated rocky region 2 mi. E of the Mora River,” Aug 1847, Fendler [391c] (holotype, GH). This is a dwarf, rare form of the species that is similar to variety horrida , but differs in having smaller heads and much smaller leaves that have many more glands. If variety horrida and variety nana are treated as convarietal, then the name variety nana has priority. Literature Cited Dorn, R. D. 1988. Vascular Plants of Wyoming. Moun¬ tain West Publishing, Cheyenne, Wyoming. Great Plains Flora Association. 1986. Flora of the Great Plains. Univ. Kansas Press, Lawrence. Harms, V. 1970. Heterotheca. Pp. 1563-1569 in Correll & Johnston, Manual of the Vascular Plants of Texas. Texas Research Foundation. Renner, Tex¬ as. Semple, J. C. 1990. Neotypification of Amellus villosus, the identity of a Bradbury collection, and typification of some other goldenasters (Compositae: Astereae). Brittonia 42: 221-228. Two New Species of Palicourea (Rubiaceae) from Western South America Charlotte M. Taylor Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Abstract. The new species Palicourea jatun- sachensis and P. plowmannii are similar vegeta- tively to P. subspicata , but can be separated by linear relatively long calyx lobes and well-developed inflorescence bracts, respectively. The neotropical genus Palicourea Aublet com¬ prises about 200 species of shrubs, small trees, and suffrutescent herbs found widely in moist to wet forest. It is closely related to Psychotria subg. Het- eropsychotria Steyermark, from which it is sepa¬ rated by its corollas that are generally relatively longer and tubular to infundibuliform and have a basal swelling that is closed at the top by a ring of dense pubescence borne on the inside of the corolla. Additionally, the inflorescences are characteristi¬ cally brightly colored and the corollas are often strongly gibbous and asymmetrical at the apex, but these features vary widely within the genus (Taylor, 1989). Palicourea jatun-sachensis C. M. Taylor, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Prov. Napo: Canton Tena, Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, ca. 8 km ESE of Puerto Misahualli, 1°04'S, 77°37'W, J. S. Miller & Medical Botany Class 2167 (holo- type, MO). Figure 1A, B. A Palicourea subspicata Huber panicula breviore pur¬ purea violaceave etiam bracteis inflorescentiae sicut lob- ulis calycinis linearibus longioribus differt. Suffrutescent herbs or shrubs to 2.5 m tall, flow¬ ering at 0.3 m; stems glabrous. Leaves paired, with blades 20-33 cm long, 8.5-16 cm wide, 1.6-2.4 times as long as wide, elliptic, at apex acuminate with tip 5-20 mm long, at base cuneate to obtuse, papyraceous to thinly chartaceous, sparsely to usu¬ ally densely pustulose abaxially but otherwise gla¬ brous; secondary veins 14-17 pairs, widely spread¬ ing, broadly curved, sometimes looping to interconnect near apex, without domatia, costa and secondary veins usually prominulous above and be¬ low, occasionally with l(-2) weakly developed in¬ tersecondary veins present between pairs ol sec¬ ondary veins; petioles 30-57 mm long, glabrous; stipules united to form a continuous sheath, gla¬ brous; sheath 1-3 mm long, interpetiolar sinus con¬ cave to usually truncate; lobes 6-17 mm long, lan¬ ceolate to ovate, acute, usually deciduous after distalmost 1-2 nodes. Inflorescences racemdorm, narrowly cylindrical; peduncles 3.5-14 cm long; panicles 1.5-4.5 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, 0.9-1.8 times as long as wide, with flowers borne in congested cymules of 3-5; axis somewhat thickened; bracts 3-10 mm long, linear, acute; pedicels 0-1.5 mm long, thickened; peduncle, axis, branches, bracts, and pedicels minutely puberulous, purple or violet; flowers with calyx puberulous to usually glabrescent, purple to violet; hypanthium cylindrical, 1-1.2 mm long; limb 1.5-5.5 mm long, divided to base, lobes narrowly triangular to linear, acute; corolla red, sometimes tinged with yellow or yellow internally, membranaceous, tubular to somewhat funnelform, somewhat swollen at base, generally straight in tube, externally densely puberulous with stout multicel¬ lular trichomes ca. 0.1 mm long, internally glabrous except for a ring of villous pubescence just above the basal swelling; tube 11-15 mm long; lobes 1- 2 mm long, triangular. Infructescences similar in size, proportion, and color to inflorescences, with fruiting pedicels 2-10 mm long; fruit ca. 5 mm long, ca. 8.5 mm wide, didymous, the halves subglo- bose, laterally somewhat flattened, purple; pyrenes with 3-5 gently angled faces. Uncommon in understory of wet primary forest at 280-400 m in Amazonian Colombia and Ecuador. Collected in flower February-August and October, in fruit January, April, and July. I bis species is distinguished by its relatively large leaves, narrow racemiform inflorescences, narrowly triangular to linear bracts, long narrow calyx lobes, and didymous fruits with gently angled pyrenes. The stipules deciduous after the distalmost 1-2 nodes represent an unusual condition in Palicourea. This new species is simlar to P. subspicata Huber, which can be distinguished by its inflorescences with long panicles, 6.5-23 cm long, calyx limb shorter, ca. 0.8 mm long, and pyrenes smooth. The specific epithet refers to the Jatun Sacha Biological Station, where most of the specimens of this species have been collected. Novon 4: 55-57. 1994. 56 Novon Figure 1. A, B, Palicourea jatun-sachensis C. M. Taylor. —A. Habit. —B. Flower at anthesis. —C, D, Palicourea plowmannii D. Simpson ex C. M. Taylor. —C. Habit. —D. Flower at anthesis. A, C to same scale (5 cm bar); B, D to same scale (5 mm bar). A, B from Miller et al. 2167 (MO); C, D from Knapp & Mallet 6940 (MO). Additional specimens examined. COLOMBIA. Prov. Caqueta: 13 km SE of Morelia on road to Rio Pescado, SW of Florencia, Davidse et al. 5681 (MO). ECUADOR. Prov. Napo: Canton Tena, Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, ca. 8 km ESE of Puerto Misahualli, 1°04'S, 77°37'W, ('.eron 1221 (MO), 3586 (MO), Croat 73404 (MO), Flynn et al. 4028 (MO, PTBC), Mr Dade 1086 (MO), Palacios 1371 (MO), 2462 (MO), 2501 (MO), Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Taylor Palicourea 57 Palacios & Neill 1521 (MO), Palacios el al. 478 (MO), Rueda 1137 (MO); Rio Napo, Panococha (Oasis), Har- ling el al. 7564 (MO). Prov. Pastaza: via Auca, 115 km al sur de Coca, 10 km al sur de la frontera Napo- Pastaza, cerca del rio Tigiiina, carretera de Petro-Canada, Hurtado et al. 1366 (MO). Palicourea plowmanii 1). Simpson ex C. M. Tay¬ lor, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Dept. San Martin: Lamas, Naranjal, trail to Jorge Chavez, Km 85 of Tarapoto-Yurimaguas road, 6°17'S, 76°17'W, S. Knapp & J. Mallet 6940 (ho- lotype, MO). Figure 1C, D. A Palicourea subspicala Huber lobulis stipularibus diu persistentibus, panicula brevi ex pyramidali hemis- phaerica, bracteis inflorescentiae bene evolutis, etio fructu no didymo differt. Little-branched or monopodial shrubs to 2.5 m tall, stems glabrous or puberulous to pilosulous. Leaves paired, with blades 24-32.5 cm long, 18.5- 25 cm wide, 1.3-1.5 times as long as wide, elliptic to broadly so, at apex acute to acuminate with tip 2-5 mm long, at base cuneate to rounded, papyr¬ aceous to thinly chartaceous, glabrous and dark velvety green adaxially or sometimes the veins white or purple, abaxially minutely pustulose and gla- brescent or sometimes puberulous to pilosulous and purple throughout; secondary veins 17-24 pairs, spreading to ascending, broadly curved, usually looping to interconnect distally, without domatia, costa and secondary veins prominulous above and below, occasionally 1 weak intersecondary vein pres¬ ent between pairs of secondary veins; petioles 25- 60 mm long, glabrescent or puberulous to pilosulous; stipules united to form a continuous sheath, gla¬ brescent or puberulous to pilosulous; sheath ca. 1 mm long, interpetiolar sinus truncate to usually con¬ cave; lobes 1 7-35 mm long, lanceolate to somewhat ovate, acute, sometimes ciliolate. Inflorescences ter¬ minal, pyramidal to somewhat rounded; peduncles 7-21.5 cm long; panicles 2.5-4.5 cm long, 4-9 cm wide, 0.5-0.8 times as long as wide, with flowers borne in congested cymules of 3-7; primary branch¬ es not subtended by bracts; bracts 2.5- 1 7 mm long, 1-6 mm wide, narrowly triangular or usually elliptic to broadly so, acute to acuminate, entire or usually ciliolate; pedicels 0-1.5 mm long; peduncle, axis, branches, bracts, and pedicels bright purple or ma¬ genta, pilosulous; flowers with calyx bright purple to magenta, glabrescent; hypanthium 1 1.5 mm long, cylindrical to turbinate; limb 0.8- 1.2 mm long, subtruncate to denticulate or shallowly lobed, entire or usually ciliolate; corollas red-purple to deep pink or usually blue, tubular to somewhat infundibuliform, somewhat swollen and strongly bent at base, gen¬ erally straight in tube, membranaceous, externally densely puberulous with slender multicellular colored trichomes 0.5-1 mm long, internally glabrous ex¬ cept for a densely villous ring ca. 1 mm wide just above basal swelling; tube 9-12 mm long; lobes 1- 2.5 mm long, triangular, the sinuses usually thick¬ ened and extruded in bud. Infructescences similar in size, proportion, and color to inflorescences; fruits ca. 5 mm long, 5-6 mm wide, ellipsoid to ovoid, flattened laterally, purple; pyrenes with 4-5 rounded longitudinal ridges. Infrequent in wet forest at 180 800 m in the Amazonian region of Peru. Collected in flower April, October, and November, in fruit April and Novem¬ ber. This species is distinguished by its relatively large leaves and stipules, short pyramidal to rounded in¬ florescences, relatively large inflorescence bracts, bright purple or magenta inflorescences with purple to blue flowers, subtruncate calyx limb, and densely hirsutulous or pilosulous corollas. It is similar to Palicourea subspicata Huber and P. jatun-sach- ensis , from both of which it can be distinguished by the features noted above. Donald Simpson, formerly of the Field Museum of Natural History, proposed the specific epithet in honor of Timothy Plowman, also of that institution, but did not publish this name. Additional specimens examined. PERU. Cuzco: Prov. Paucartambo, road from Pillcopata to Patrias, Maas et al. 6148 (MO); Rio Tambopata, 2 km E of the Colpa de Guacamayos, Nunez 6532 (MO). Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Rio Ampiyacu, Puca Urquillo and vicinity, 3°05'S, 71°55'W, Plowman et al. 6950 (F). Madre de Dios: Tambopata, a 39 km de Puerto Maldonado, alrededor de Planchon, 12°35'S, 69°10'W, Nunez & Quispe 10054 (MO); Tambopata Wildlife Reserve, 30 km S of Puerto Maldonado, 12°15'S, 69°17'W, trail on S side of La Torre River, Young & Stratton 173 (MO), 257 (MO), 288 (MO). San Martin: Prov. Lamas, Convento, trail to Tioyacu and Nuevo Lamas, Km 68 of Tarapoto-Yuri¬ maguas road, 6°16'S, 76°17'W, Knapp Mallet 6989 (MO); Caserio Bonilla, trail to E of Tarapoto Yurimaguas road at Km 75, 6°16'S, 76° 17'W, Knapp & Mallet 7135 (MO). Acknowledgments. I thank the Field Museum of Natural History for making specimens available, and Roy F. Gereau for help in preparing the Latin di¬ agnoses. Literature Cited Taylor, C. M. 1989. Revision of Palicourea (Rubiaceae) in Mexico and Central America. Syst. Bot. Monogr. 26: 1-102. Novelties in Neotropieal Lauraceae Hetik van der Werff Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Intensive collecting efforts during re¬ cent years have resulted in a large number of Lau¬ raceae collections. Attempts at their identification have shown that many Lauraceae species are still undescribed. In this contribution ten species are described, and one may expect articles describing additional species at regular intervals. Aiouea grandifolia van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Depto. San Martin: Distr. Tocache Nue¬ vo, Fundo Geroglifico del Mr. Luis Ludena, alt. 400 m, tree, 20 m, Schunke I igo 8109 (fl) (holotype, MO; isotype, U). Figure 1. Arbor, 20 m. Ramuli parum angulati vel rotundati, glabri, fistulosi. Gemma terminalis pubescens. Folia alter- na, firme chartacea, 20-35 x 10-17 cm, elliptica, basi et apice acuta vel obtusa, supra glabra, subtus dense punctata, glabra vel pilis adpressis praedita, nervis later- alibus 5-7; costa supra impressa, nervis lateralibus irn- mersis, costa nervisque subtus prominenter elevatis. Pe- tioli 2.4-5.1 cm, canaliculati, glabri. Inflorescentiae secus brachyblastos dispositae, ad 10 cm longae, basi sparse puberulae, parte distali glabrescentes. Pedicelli glabri, 2- 4 mm longi. Flores glabri. Tepala 6, aequalia, ovata, 1 mm longa, stamina 6, 2-locellata, introrsa, ca. 1 mm longa, filamento paulio ultra locellos producto, staminodia 6, ad verticillos III et IV referentia; glandulae basi stam- inodiorum verticilli III praesentes. Ovarium globosum, glabrum, 1.7 mm diametro; tubo florali basi glabro, ad orificium dense pubescente. Infructescentia ad 18 cm longa; fructus ellipsoideus, 2.8-1.4 cm, cupula ca. 1.5 cm lata, 0.8 cm longa. Tree, to 20 m tall. Twigs slightly angular or rounded, glabrous, fistulose. Terminal bud pubes¬ cent. Leaves alternate, firmly chartaceous, 20-35 x 10-17 cm, elliptic, base and tip acute or obtuse, upper surface glabrous, lower surface densely gland- dotted and glabrous or with varying amounts of very short, appressed hairs; lateral veins 5-7 on each side; midrib impressed on upper surface, lateral veins and reticulation immersed; midrib and lateral veins strongly raised on lower surface, tertiary venation slightly raised. Petioles 2.4-5.1 cm long, canalic¬ ulate, glabrous. Inflorescenses in axils of deciduous bracts, to 10 cm long, grouped along short (to 1 cm long) leafless shoots, sparsely puberulous near the base, the distal parts becoming glabrous, bracts not present at anthesis. Pedicels glabrous, 2-4 mm long. Flowers glabrous. Tepals 6, equal, erect at anthesis, shorter than the floral tube, ovate, ca. 1 mm long, persistent, but not enlarged in young fruit¬ ing stage. Stamens of whorls I and II (outer six stamens) fertile, 2-celled, introrse, ca. 1 mm long, the filament slightly prolonged beyond the locelli, about as long as the anther, sparsely puberulous near the base. Whorl 111 staminodial (occasionally a small locellus present), vent rally densely pubescent, ca. 1 mm long, each stamen with two large, globose glands attached slightly above the base. Staminodia of whorl IV present, stipitiform, the lower half dense¬ ly pubescent, ca. 0.8 mm long. Ovary globose, gla¬ brous, 1.7 mm diam., style slender, 0.7 mm long; floral tube near base glabrous, becoming densely pubescent near the orifice. Infructescence to 18 cm long, fruit ellipsoid, 2.8 x 1.4 cm, cupule cup¬ shaped, ca. 1.5 cm wide, 0.8 cm high, tepals at maturity of fruit worn off. Flo wers: August; fruits: January June. The following sterile collections very likely rep¬ resent this species as well: Colombia. Amazonas: Pto. Narino, Rudas et al. 1726 (MO) and Brazil. Ama¬ zonas: Reserva Florestal Ducke, Nascimento 330 and Coelho s.n. = l!\PA 42219. Aiouea grandifolia, only known from the low¬ lands of eastern Peru, can be readily recognized by its large leaves, strongly raised midrib on lower leaf surface, and fistulose twigs. The only other Aiouea species with large leaves is A. angulata, known from one Colombian collection. This species has strongly angled twigs, nine fertile stamens, attenuate or acute leaf bases, and lacks leafless short shoots that carry inflorescences. In Renner's (1982) revision of Aiouea, A. grandifolia will key to three species that have only stamens of whorls I and II fertile. These species differ from A. grandifolia in numerous de¬ tails: A. saligna has lanceolate leaves and occurs in southern Brazil; A. trinervis is a shrub or small tree in cerrado with coriaceous leaves and pubescent twigs; and A. laevis is an Amazonian tree with hirsute flowers, larger, more intricately branched inflorescences, and smaller flowers. Inflorescences grouped along leafless short shoots are uncommon among neotropical Lauraceae, but occur in several other Aiouea species (A. bentham- iana, A. guianensis, A. maguireana, A. myristi- Novon 4: 58-76. 1994. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 59 Figure 1. Aiouea grandifolia van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Infructescence. —C. Detail of inflorescence. — D. Flower. — E. Stamens. —F. Pistil. t aides, and A. saligna). Whether other Aiouea species have persistent tepals needs further inves¬ tigation. The aspect of A. grandifolia is quite unlike the other Aiouea species. If one disregards the two- celled stamens, one cannot help but notice a strong resemblence with the recently described Cinnamo- mum napoen.se van der W erff from Amazonian Ec¬ uador: both have hollow stems, inflorescences clus¬ tered along leafless short shoots, a similarly strongly raised costa on lower leaf surface, and strongly gland- 60 Novon Figure 2. Aiouea longipetiolata van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Fruits. —C. Part of inflorescence. —D. Flower. — E. Flower in cross section. —F. Pistil. —G, H. Stamens. dotted lower leaf surfaces. Although the two can be easily identified when flowers are present, sterile or fruiting specimens are hard to separate. Aiouea grandifolia has relatively wider, firmer leaves than C. napoense; leaves in A. grandifolia are often somewhat shiny, but usually opaque in C. napoense. Paratypes. PERU. Loreto: Maynas, Explorama Re¬ serve at Indiana, Gentry et at. 65760 (fr) (MO), Gentry et al. 54654 (fr) (MO), Gentry et al. 31455 (fr) (MO), Grnndez et al. 4109 (fr) (MO), Grandez et al. 3834 (fr) (MO), Vasquez & Ayala 13408 (fr) (MO); l usque: et al. 13469 (fr) (MO). Madre de Dios: Manu National Park, Cocha Cashu uplands, Nunez et al. 14592 (st) Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 61 (MO); Tambopata, Explorer’s Inn tourist camp, Gentry et nl. 45938 (st) (MO), Gentry et al. 51097 (st) (MO), Gentry et al. 51491 (st) (MO). Aiouea longipetiolata van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE; French Guiana. Saul: La Fumee West, ca. 300 m, tree, 35 m, Mori et al. 20758 (fl) (holotype, MO). Figure 2. Arbor, ad 35 m. Ramuli parum angulati, minute to- mentelli, glabrescentes. Folia alterna, firme chartacea, 10-17 x 4-7.5 cm, elliptica vel ovata, basi obtusa vel rotundata, apice acuta, supra glabra, subtus pilis parvis, brunneis praedita, nervis lateralibus 3-5 utroque costae latere, basilibus quam distalibus magis evolutis, costa supra impressa, subtus elevata; nervis supra immersis, subtus elevatis, reticulatione supra immersa, subtus paullo ele¬ vata. Petioli 2.7-3.5 cm longi, canaliculati. Inflorescen- tiae axillis foliorum ortae, 8-14 cm longae, tomentellae. Pedicelli ad 4(5) mm longi. Flores basi paullo pubescentes, apicem versus glabrescentes, 1.5-2 mm longi. Tepala 6, sub anthesi erecta, tubo florale perbreviora, post anthesin omnia basibus unitis dehiscentia. Stamina 9, 2-locellata, 6 exteriora introrsa, 3 interiora lateralia; stamina interiora filamento pubescentia; staminodia 3, basi pubescentia. Ovarium glabrum, globosum, ca. 1.2 mm longum, stylo distincto, ca. 0.7 mm longo; receptaculum intus dense pubescens. Fructus ellipsoideus, 3 x 1.7 cm, cupula vadosa, ca. 1.5 cm diametro, sensim in pedicello atten- uata. Tree, to 35 m, with buttresses. Twigs slightly angular, solid, minutely brown-tomentellous, becom¬ ing glabrous with age. Terminal bud densely light- brown tomentellous. Leaves alternate, firmly char- taceous, 10-17 x 4-7.5 cm, elliptic or ovate, base obtuse or rounded, tip acute, the upper surface glabrous, lower surface with scattered, minute (< 0.1 mm), brown hairs, the margin cartilaginous, lateral veins 3-5, the lowest pair stronger developed than the upper ones, midrib slightly impressed on the upper surface, lateral veins and reticulation im¬ mersed, midrib and lateral veins raised on lower surface, reticulation slightly raised. Petioles 2.7- 3.5 cm long, canaliculate, with same indument as twigs. Inflorescences in axils of leaves, 8-14 cm long, paniculate, the lateral branchlets 3-4 times cymosely branched, brown-tomentellous. Pedicels to 4(5) mm long, tomentellous. Flowers at the base slightly tomentellous, otherwise glabrous, 1.5-2 mm long. Tepals 6, erect at anthesis, much shorter than the floral tube, ca. 0.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, gla¬ brous on both surfaces, united at the base and falling as a unit with the stamens in old flowers. Stamens 9, all 2-celled, the outer six opening introrse, the inner three lateral; outer stamens ca. 0.5 mm long, the filament slightly prolonged beyond the anther cells, dorsally near the base with some hairs, oth¬ erwise glabrous; inner three stamens ca. 0.7 mm long, ventrally densely pubescent, in some flowers appearing staminodial, glands globose, sessile, partly covered by the pubescence; staminodia 3, stipitate, densely pubescent. Ovary glabrous, ± globose, ca. 1.2 mm long, style distinct, ca. 0.7 mm long; re¬ ceptacle deep, densely pubescent inside. Fruit ellip¬ soid, 3 x 1.7 cm, cupule very shallow, ca. 1.5 cm diam., gradually narrowed into the pedicel. Flowers: August-November; fruits: March. Aiouea longipetiolata is only known from French Guiana. In Renner’s (1982) treatment of Aiouea for the Flora Neotropica it will key to A. impressa because of its slightly impressed costa, or A. la¬ ment ella because of the dense pubescence of the receptacle and of filaments of the inner three sta¬ mens and staminodia. However, A. impressa differs in its glabrous inflorescences, smaller, glabrous leaves with acute base, and more intricately branched in¬ florescences with smaller flowers. Aiouea tornentella is a poorly known species; a type fragment I have seen has a densely tomentellous lower leaf surface and is not tripliveined. The aspect of A. longipe¬ tiolata is characteristic, with its long petioled leaves, obtuse leaf bases, and tripliveined leaves. This as¬ pect, in combination with the indument of the lower leaf surface, makes it possible to identify sterile specimens with confidence. Some specimens of the species were distributed as Phoebe cinnamomifolia (HBK) Nees and are probably filed under this name in other herbaria. Phoebe cinnamomifolia has four-celled anthers, and the tepals are persistent in the fruiting stage. Paratypes. FRENCH GUIANA. Sadi: La Fumee, Mori &: Boom 14902 (f{) (MO), Mori & Boom 15238 (fl) (MO), Mori <£- Pipoly 15413 (fr)(MO); Village Wayampi Trois- Sauts, Prevost & Sabatier 2801 (buds) (MO). Aniba heterotepala van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Loreto: Maynas, km 44 of road Iquitos- Nauta, property of CPI, Comite de Refores- tacion Iquitos, elev. 150 m, tree 26 m, fls. yellowish, Dec. 1988, l asquez & Jaramillo 11.370 (holotype, MO; isotypes, AMAZ, F, G, HBG, NY, US). Figure 3. Arbor, ad 26 m. Ramuli teretes, brunneo-tomentelli, glabrescentes. Gemma terminalis parva, tornentella. Folia alterna, subcoriacea, 10-27 x 3.5-9 cm, base obtusa, raro acuta vel rotundata, apice acuta vel acuminata, supra glabra, subtus papillosa, pilis parvis adpressis praedita; nervis lateralibus 7-11 utroque latere, in dimidio distale brochidodroma; costa nervisque supra parum impressis, reticulatione immersa; subtus costa nervisque elevatis, reticulatione paullo elevata. Petioli 1-2 cm longi. Inflo- rescentiae ad apices ramulorum aggregatae, in axillis brac- tearum (raro in axillis foliorum) ortae, tomentellae, 5-15 cm longae. Pedicelli 3-4 mm longi, tomentelli. Flores 2- 3 mm longi, ca. 2.5 mm lati, sensim in pedicellis attenuati. 62 Novon Figure 3. Aniba heterotepala van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Flower. —C. Part of inflorescence. —D. Stamens and pistil. Tepala 6, inaequelia, tres exteriora ca. 1.1 x 1.4 mm, plus minusve erecta, tres interiora longiora et latiora, tertia parte distale incurvata; stamina 9, 2-locellata, 6 exteriora locellis introrsis, filamentis antheris angustioribus, dense lanato-pubescentibus; tres interiora glabra, locellis ex- trorsis, basi filamentorurn duobus glandulis magnis prae- dita; staminodia nulla; pistillum glabrum; tubus floralis dimidio inferiore glaber et dimidio superiore pubescens vel omnino glaber. Fructus ignotus. Tree, to 26 m tall. T wigs terete, brown-tomen- tellous, glabrescent with age. Terminal bud small, tomentellous. Leaves alternate, subcoriaceous, 10- 27 x 2.5-9 cm, the base obtuse (rarely acute or rounded), apex acute or acuminate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface papillose, with small, scat¬ tered, appressed hairs, lateral veins 7-1 1 on each Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 63 side, arching upwards and loop-connected in the upper half of lamina, midrib and lateral veins slightly impressed on upper surface, tertiary venation im¬ mersed, midrib and lateral veins raised on lower surface, tertiary venation less so. Petioles 12 cm long. Inflorescences usually clustered at the tips of branches in axils of deciduous bracts, rarely in axils of leaves, tomentellous, 5-15 cm long, paniculate, flowers arranged in cymes, bracts lacking at anthe- sis. Pedicels 3-4 mm long, tomentellous. Flowers greenish yellow, 2-3 mm long, ca. 2.5 mm wide, the base gradually narrowed into the pedicel, tepals 6, unequal, the outer three ca. 1.1 x 1.4 mm, ± erect, inner three longer and wider, upper third incurved, tomentellous outside, glabrous inside, sta¬ mens 9, all 2-celled, outer six with the cells introrse, the cells opening upwards and the connective slightly prolonged beyond the anther cells, filaments densely woolly-pubescent, narrower than anthers; inner three stamens glabrous, the cells extrorse, with two large globose glands at base of filaments, staminodes lack¬ ing; pistil glabrous, ca. 2 mm long, the ovary grad¬ ually narrowed into the style; floral tube with lower half glabrous and upper half pubescent or entirely glabrous. Fruit unknown. Aniba heterotepala is only known from the vi¬ cinity of Iquitos, Peru. Diagnostic is the combination of the papillose lower leaf surface, unequal tepals, and glabrous ovary. In two of the known collections the floral tube was partly pubescent (including the type), while in the other two it was entirely glabrous. The generally obtuse leaf bases are also a useful character. It is rather remarkable that no fruiting collections are known from this species because the leaf bases, the slightly impressed veins on the upper surface, and the loop-connected lateral veins are fairly good vegetative characters. In the recent revision of Aniba (Kubitzki, 1982), A. heterotepala will key to A. cylindrica because of its papillose lower leaf surface and glabrous gy- noecium. However, A. heterotepala differs in having unequal tepals and broader leaves, usually with an obtuse base. Paratypes. PERU. Loreto: Puerto Almendras, Croat 19010 (fl) (AMAZ, MO). Maynas: Estacion Biologica Rio Blanco, elev. 150 m, Vasquez el al. 6752 (fl) (AMAZ, MO); Puerto Almendras, elev. 120 m, Vasquez & Jar- amillo 6862 (fl) (MO, AMAZ), Grandez & Jaramillo 1851 (AMAZ, MO). Aniba pilosa van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Ec¬ uador. Morona-Santiago: along road Mendez- E1 Limon, elev. 800 m, van der Werff & Pa¬ lacios 10430 (holotype, MO; isotypes, AAU, GB, NY, QCNE, QRS, US). Figure 4. Arbores ad 10 m. Ramuli angulati, vetustiores teretes, dense fusco-tomentelli. Folia alterna, chartacea, 15-22 x 7-12 cm, (late) elliptica, basi obtusa vel rotundata, raro acuta, apice breviter acuminata, acumine ad 2 cm longo, supra glabra, subtus papillosa, pilosa, pilis pler- umque erectis, pagina inter pilis manifesta; nervis later- alibus 8-12 utroque latere, venatione supra immersa, subtus costa nervisque elevatis, reticulatione paullo ele- vata. Petioli 1-2 cm longi, indumenta ramulis similes. Inflorescentiae axillares, paniculatae, 10-24 cm longae, fusco-tomentellae. Pedicelli ad 1 mm longi, flores virides, fragrantes, ad 2.5 mm longi. Tepala 6, aequalia, fusco- tomentella, intus glabra, crista mediana praedita, late ova- ta, ca. 1 mm longa. Stamina 9, 2-locellata, 6 exteriora locellis laterali-apicalibus, filamentis quam antheris an- gustioribus; 3 interiora locellis extrorsis, filamentis an¬ theris crassitudine aequantibus, glandulis duabus praeditis; omnibus filamentis lanatis. Ovarium anguste ellipsoideuin, dimidio inferiore glabrum, dimidio superiore pubescens. Tubus floralis intus glaber. Cupula infundibuliformis, ad 2 cm longa; fructus ellipsoideus, 2.5 x 2 cm. Tree, to 10 m. Twigs angular, becoming terete, densely brown-tomentellous. Terminal bud brown- tomentellous. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, 15-22 x 7-12 cm, (broadly) elliptic, the base obtuse to rounded, rarely acute, the tip shortly acuminate, the acumen to 2 cm long, but frequently broken off, upper surface glabrous, lower surface papillose, pilose, the hairs mostly erect, the leaf surface visible between the hairs; lateral veins 8-12 per side, ve¬ nation immersed on upper surface, midrib and lateral veins raised on lower surface, tertiary venation weakly raised. Petioles with similar indument as twigs, 1- 2 cm long, weakly canaliculate. Inflorescences in axils of leaves, paniculate, 10-24 cm long, brown- tomentellous, many-flowered. Pedicels ca. 1 mm long, gradually widened into the floral tube. Flowers green, fragrant, ca. 2.5 mm long. Tepals 6, equal, brown-tomentellous, ca. 1 mm long, broadly ovate, with a central ridge, this more pronounced on the outer 3 tepals, the margin ciliate, inner surface glabrous. Stamens 9, all 2-celled. the outer six with the cells lateral-apical, the connective protruding past the cells, the filament narrower than the anther; inner 3 stamens with cells extrorse, the filament as wide as the anther, with two rather large globose glands near the base; filaments of all stamens woolly pubescent. Ovary narrowly ellipsoid, the lower half glabrous, upper half densely pubescent, gradually narrowed into the style. Floral tube glabrous inside. Cupule funnel-shaped, thin-walled, to 2 cm long (including the swollen pedicel), usually split in 3 or 4 by the growing fruit; fruit ellipsoid, 2.5 x 2 cm. Aniba pilosa can be readily identified by its pilose lower leaf surface. Most Aniba species have a (near¬ ly) glabrous lower leaf surface; a few have a to- rnentellous lower leaf surface, but these species have 64 Novon Figure 4. Aniba pilosa van der Werff. —A. Habit. — B. Infructescence. —C. Detail of inflorescence. — D. Flower with tepals removed. —E. Outer stamen. —F. Pistil. —G. Inner stamen. usually clustered, not alternate leaves. In Kubitzki’s (1982) key of Aniba , A. pilosa will key to A. per- mollis due to its papillose leaves and pilose indument. However, A. permollis has the lower leaf surface completely covered by its tomentellous-tomentose indument and the tertiary venation is not raised on the upper leaf surface; in A. pilosa most of the lower leaf surface is visible between the hairs and Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 65 the reticulation is weakly raised on the upper leaf surface. Moreover, A. pilosa has wider leaves with more rounded leaf bases. Both species have a strik¬ ing, dark brown indument. Other useful character¬ istics of A. pilosa are the shape of the outer stamens, with the filament narrower than the anther and the funnel-shaped, frequently split cupules. Aniba cin- namomiflora, from Venezuela, has a similar cupule; it differs from A. pilosa in indument, in its much smaller inflorescences and in its narrower leaves. Paratype. ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: road Mendez-El Limon, tree in pasture, 500 m elev., van der W erff & Palacios 10432 (fl) (AAU, MO, QCNE). Aniba vuicanicola van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Napo: Archidona, southern slope ol volcano Sumaco, km 31 road Hollin-Loreto, elev. 1,200 m, tree, 15 m, Nov. 1989 (fls), Palacios 4753 (holotype, MO; isotypes, AAU, GB. HBG, NY. QCNE, US). Figure 5. Arbor, 15 m. Ramuli teretes, lenticellati, hornotini to- mentosi, annotini glabri. Gemma terminalis tomentosa vel dense adpresse pubescens. Folia ad apices ramulorum congesta, cernua, subcoriacea, 10-25 x 5-10 cm, el- liptica vel elliptico-obovata, basi et apice acuta, utrinque glabra vel perjuvenalia adpressa pubescentia, nervis la- teralibus 10-14 utroque latere, in dimidio distale bro- chidodromis, supra costa nervisque immersis, reticulatione obscura; subtus costa nervisque elevatis, reticulatione paullo elevata. Petioli 1-2 cm longi, glabri, canaliculati. Inflo- rescentiae secus ramulos hornotinos ex axillis bractearum ortae, paniculatae, tomentosae, 715 cm longae. Pedicelli ad 2 mm longi. Tepala 6, aequalia, erecta, intus sparse pubescentia, late ovata, ca. 1.5 x 1.3 mm. Stamina 9, 2-locellata, locellis rimis vel valvis minutis aperientibus, 6 exteriora ad 1 mm longa, intro curvata, locellis later- alibus vel laterali-apicalibus, anthera quam filainento pu- bescente latiore; 3 interiora erecta, ca. 1 mm longa, locellis apicalibus, filamentis basi glandulis duabus prae- ditis. Pistillum glabrum, tenue. Receptaculum pubescens, praesertim dimidio superiore. Fructus ignotus. Tree, 15 m. Twigs terete, lenticellate, tip brown- tomentose, older parts soon glabrous. Terminal bud densely tomentose or appressed pubescent. Leaves clustered at tips of branches, drooping, subcoria- ceous, 10-25 x 5-10 cm, elliptic to elliptic-obo- vate, base and apex acute, glabrous on both surfaces, or very young leaves with some appressed pubes¬ cence on lower surface, lateral veins 10 14 on each side, arching upwards and brochidodromous in the distal half of lamina; costa and lateral veins im¬ mersed on upper surface with tertiary venation not visible; costa and lateral veins raised on lower sur¬ face, the tertiary venation slightly raised. Petioles 1-2 cm long, glabrous, canaliculate. Inflorescences in axils of deciduous bracts on young growth above the leaves, paniculate, brown-tomentose, 7-15 cm long. Pedicels very short, to 2 mm long. Flowers greenish, tomentose-tomentellous. Tepals 6, equal, inner surface pubescent, broadly ovate, ca. 1.5 x 1.3 mm. Stamens 9, all 2-celled, the cells opening by slits or minute valves, the outer six ca. 1 mm long, the cells lateral or lateral-apical, the outer six ca. 1 mm long, curved inward, the anther broader than the pubescent filament; inner stamens erect, ca. 1 mm long, the filaments with two globose glands near the base, the cells virtually apical. Pistil slender, glabrous. Receptacle pubescent inside, especially the upper part. Fruit unknown. Aniba vuicanicola is related to the other Aniba species with large, clustered leaves, such as A. host- manniana and A. williamsii. It differs from those species in its (nearly) glabrous leaves, relatively long petioles, tomentose inflorescences, the acute leaf bases, and the relatively few lateral veins. The pe¬ culiar, almost slitlike opening of the locelli occurs also in the related species, although these species do not have the anther cells in a nearly apical position. The related species are only known from lowlands, up to 300-400 m elevation, while A. vuicanicola occurs at 1,200 m elevation. In Kubitzki’s (1982) key of Aniba, A. vuicani¬ cola will key to a group of four species with glabrous, clustered leaves and ventral-lateral locelli. From A. bracteata and A. terminalis it differs in leaf base (not abruptly rounded nor cuneate); both A. affinis and A. citrifolia have smaller, less clearly clustered leaves, lack a prominently raised midrib on the lower leaf surface, and have a sparser indument on the inflorescences. Licaria applanata van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Pichincha: Reserva Rio Guajalito, near Chiriboga, along old road Quito -Sto. Domingo, 1,850 m, van der Werff et al. 12191 (holotype, MO; isotypes, AAU, GB, HBG, K, NY, P, QCNE, QRS, US). Figure 6. Arbor ad 30 m. Ramuli teretes, glabri vel minute ad¬ presse pubescentes. Gemma terminalis albida, adpresse pubescens. Folia alterna, firme chartacea vel coriacea, 11-20 x 4-8 cm, elliptica vel late elliptica, basi acuta vel obtusa, apice acuta vel acuminata, supra nitentia, glabra, subtus glabra vel pilis parvis praedita, nervis la- teralibus 5-6 utroque latere. Petioli nigri, (sub) glabri, 1 cm longi. Inflorescentiae axillares, ad 8 cm longae, sub- tiliter pubescentes, ffores glabri, depressi, in sicco 4-5 mm diam., in alcohole conservati 6-6.5 mm diam. Tepala 6, utrinque glabra, exteriora quam interiora minora. Sta¬ mina 3, 2-locellata, locellis apicalibus, tepala versus aper¬ ientibus, plus minusve coalita, irregulariter obconica, ap¬ ice plana. Staminodia 6, (late) ligulata. Glandulae magnae, staminodiis alternantes. Pistillum glabrum, receptaculo glabro. In fructu pedicelli incrassati, sensim in cupulam 66 Novon Figure 5. Aniba vulcanicola van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Detail of inflorescence. —C. Flower with tepals removed. —D, E. Inner stamen with basal glands. —F. Pistil. dilatati, cupula 2-marginata, non profunda, fructu exserto, ellipsoideo, 2.5 x 2 cm. Tree, to 30 m tall. Twigs terete, glabrous or finely appressed pubescent appearing pale and contrasting with the dark petioles. Terminal buds whitish, finely appressed pubescent. Leaves alternate, firmly char- taceous or coriaceous, 11-20 x 4-8 cm, elliptic to broadly elliptic, the base acute or obtuse, apex oiog-Q Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 67 Figure 6. Licaria applanata van der Werff. —A, B. Habits with fruits and flowers. —C. Flowers, the younger one with staminodia pressed against stamens, the older one with spreading staminodia, showing the large glands. — D. Part of inflorescence. 68 Novon acute or acuminate, the upper surface shiny and glabrous, the lower surface dull, darker green than upper surface (but see discussion), glabrous or with some scattered appressed hairs, lateral veins 5-6 on each side, immersed in upper surface, raised on lower surface. Petioles blackish, glabrous or with some appressed hairs, weakly canaliculate, ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescences in axils of bracts or normal leaves, to 8 cm long, finely pubescent, the hairs appressed or spreading. Flowers in vivo green, fra¬ grant, in sicco black, glabrous, contrasting with the pubescent pedicels, depressed globose, 4-5 mm diam. when dry, 6 6.5 mm in pickled flowers, ca. 2 mm long. Tepals 6, glabrous on both surfaces, the outer three smaller than the inner three, almost circular, in young flowers erect, later spreading and finally recurved. Stamens and staminodes forming a pil¬ lowlike mass, ca. 4.5 mm diam. in pickled flowers. Androecium consisting of three fertile stamens, rep¬ resenting whorl III, each stamen with 2 apical locelli, the valves attached at the side of the locelli away from the pistil; stamens gradually narrowed toward the base, without a distinction between filament and anther; stamens tightly pressed together and ap¬ pearing fused, hut their margins, especially toward the center of the flower, with a row of reddish hairs; staminodia 6, representing the outer two whorls, as long as the stamens, those of whorl I broader than those of whorl II, all slightly pilose, in young flowers tightly pressed against the stamens, in old flowers bent backwards and conspicuous; glands at the base of the fertile stamens large, glabrous, about the size of the staminodia and alternating with these, glands and staminodia completely enclosing the fertile sta¬ mens. Pistil glabrous, the style exserted through a small pore between the fertile stamens, stigma min¬ ute. Receptacle glabrous inside, cupule red, shallow, without persistent stamens or staminodia, with dou¬ ble margin, the inner margin erect, small, the outer one spreading, 6-lobed, pedicel in fruit strongly swol¬ len, pedicel and cupule funnel-shaped. Fruit ellip¬ soid, 2.5 x 2 cm, almost completely exserted, turn¬ ing purple at maturity. Licaria applanata clearly belongs to Licaria subg. Armeniaca kurz, characterized by the locelli, which open away from the center of the flower. With exception of the common /.. armeniaca and L. debilis, the species in this subgenus are rare aud known from few fertile collections. Licaria applan¬ ata can be easily identified by the following char¬ acters: the large flowers (dried flowers 4-4.5 mm broad vs. ca. 2 mm in other species); the strongly depressed androecium (hence the epithet) with apical locelli; and asymmetrical obconic stamens which gradually widen from their base and lack a distinct filament. Other striking features are the funnel- shaped cupules and the glabrous flowers, which con¬ trast with the pubescent pedicels. In Kurz’s (1983) key L. applanata would key near L. pucheri, which has much smaller flowers and a cylindrical cupule. However, L. applanata has a similar floral devel¬ opment as Kurz described for L. pucheri; in young flowers tepals are erect and staminodia are tightly appressed against the stamens, while in older flowers the tepals become spreading to reflexed, the stam¬ inodia bend backwards and become free from the stamens. In old flowers the stamens separate slightly from each other, but not to the degree seen in L. pucheri. The common name for this species in Napo is Ishpingo. The wood is reportedly used for making furniture. According to Palacios, the juvenile leaves have a whitish cover. A waxy cover of leaf surface generally dissolves in alcohol and is not visible in alcohol-collected specimens. However, such leaves usually have a dull, dark brown color, as has L. applanata. Flowers that had been collected by Jar- amillo, Palacios, and van der Werff, and then pick- led, provided useful material for the description. In the related species with smaller flowers the pressing and drying process is not too damaging, but after pressing and drying most of the relatively large flowers of L. applanata were severely distorted. Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Antioquia: Mun. Caraman- ta, 9.8 km from Caramanta toward Supia, Betancur el al. 1134(h)(MO). ECUADOR. Napo : near Baeza, Little &• Campuzano 10 (fr) (MO, QAME); Canton Quixos, along Rio Cosanga, Palacios 6317 (fl) (MO, QCNE), Palacios 6355 (fl) (MO, QCNE); Baeza, upper part of Rio Machangara, Palacios & Freira 5006 (fr) (MO, QCNE); slopes of Sumaco, km 40 road Hollin Loreto, Jaramillo Oil (MO, QCA); Pichincha, Reserva Floristica Rio Guajalito, Jaramillo 13655 (pickled flowers MO, QCA). Mezilaurus triunca van der Werff, sp. nov. I't PE: Peru. Loreto: Maynas, Iquitos, Allpahuayo, Es- tacion Experimental IIAP, tree, 20 m, flowers green, I dsquez et al. I 1372 (holotype, \10; isotype, A All, AMAZ, HBG, NY, QRS). Fig¬ ure 7. Arbor, ad 25 m. Ramuli minute puberuli, pilis erectis praediti, glabrescentes, cicatribus conspicuis foliorum de- ciduorum ornati. Gemma terminalis dense puberula. Folia alterna, ad apices ramuloum conferta, obovata, 30-48 x 9-12 cm, chartacea, basi acuta vel cuneata, apice rotundata vel plus minusve acuta, glabra; supra venatione immersa, subtus costa perelevata, nervis elevatis et ven¬ atione tertia paullo elevata; nervis 18-24 utroque costae latere. Petioli 4-8 cm longi, basi incrassati. Inflorescentiae axillares, ad 30 cm longae, minute puberulae, duplo ra- Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 69 Figure 7. Mezilaurus triunca van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Detail of inflorescence. —C, D. Flower seen from aside and above. cernosae. Flores hermaphroditi, globosi, papilloso-puber- uli. Tepala 6, inaequalia, 3 exteriora quam interiora bre- vioria; stamina 3, 2-locellata, unciformiter exserta, filamento quam antheris latiori, ventrali pubescentia. Ovarium globosum, glabruin. Receptaculurn quasi plan¬ um. Fructus ellipsoideus, ad 4 cm longus; cupula parva, plana. Tree, to 25 m. Twigs minutely pubescent, the hairs erect, glabrescent, diameter of flowering twigs ca. 5 cm below apex 7-10 mm, the tips of twigs with conspicuous scars of fallen leaves. Terminal buds densely puberulous. Leaves alternate, clustered near the tips of branches, obovate, 30-48 x 9-12 cm, chartaceous, the base acute or cuneate, the tip bluntly acute to roundish, glabrous on both surfaces or nearly so; venation (including midrib) on upper surface immersed, midrib prominently raised on low- 70 Novon er surface, lateral veins raised, and tertiary venation weakly raised on lower leaf surface; lateral veins 8 - 24 on each side. Petioles with Hat upper side and ridged lower side, 4-8 cm long, the base swollen. Inflorescences axillary, minutely puberulous, to 30 cm long, a double (very rarely triple) raceme, the flowers arranged in sessile cymes (frequently one or two flowers of a cyme broken off). Flowers perfect, (sub) globose, papillose-pubescent, 1.5-2.0 mm diam. (rehydrated). Tepals 6, unequal, the outer three smaller than the inner three; fertile stamens 3, 2-celled, the anthers hooklike exserted, the filament broad, ventrally densely pubescent, with 2 conical glands attached slightly above the base; staminodia 0, representing whorls I, II, and IV, stipitate, pu¬ bescent. Ovary globose, glabrous, 0.4 mm diam., style slender, 0.8 mm long. Receptacle shallow, gla¬ brous. Fruit ellipsoid, green with white dots, to 4 cm long, seated on a very small, flat cupule. Flowers: August-September; fruits May (imma¬ ture), August. Mezilaurus triunca is a very striking, but un¬ usual, Lauracea due to its large leaves clustered at the tips of the branches, its long petioles with a swollen base and its hooklike exserted stamens. The three fertile 2-celled stamens, the small cupule, and the clustered leaves place this species in Mezilaurus. Only one other species, M. mahuba (Sampaio) van der Werff, has similar hooklike anthers. This species is the type species of the genus Clinostemon, but was recently transferred to Mezilaurus (van der Werff, 1987). Mezilaurus triunca differs from M. mahuba by its longer petioles (2-3 cm long in M. mahuba, 4 9 cm in M. triunca), glabrous lower leaf surface (M. mahuba has an indument of short, erect hairs) and distribution (.1/. mahuba is restricted to varzea forest in Para and Amapa, Brazil; M. triunca occurs in terra firme forest near Iquitos, Peru). In mature flowers with exserted anthers it is difficult to see that the tepals are unequal. In young flowers with erect anthers still included in the flower the difference in size between inner and outer tepals is quite obvious, with the outer tepals less than half the size of the inner ones. Kubitzki et al. (1979) reinstated the genus Cli¬ nostemon and placed two species, C. mahuba (Sam¬ paio) Kuhlmann & Sampaio and C. maguireaniim (Allen) Kurz, in it. They indicated the following differences between Clinostemon and Mezilaurus: staminodes present, stamens erect or bent down¬ ward, with or without glands, leaves hirsute be¬ neath— Clinostemon; versus staminodes absent, sta¬ mens erect, without glands, leaves glabrous or hirsute— Mezilaurus. Mezilaurus triunca agrees in all important characters with M. mahuba (presence of staminodes and staminal glands, recurved an¬ thers). One might argue for the recognition ol Cli¬ nostemon as a distinct genus based on these char¬ acters, but some Mezilaurus species with erect stamens (M. thoroftora, M. pyriflora, and M. duck¬ et) also have staminodes (6, not 9 as in M. mahuba and M. triunca). These three species are very sim¬ ilar to other Mezilaurus species in wood anatomy (Kubitzki et ah, 1979). Thus, recognition of Cli¬ nostemon would be based only on the shape of anthers, the presence of 9, not 6 or 0, staminodes and the presence of staminal glands. In my opinion, this combination of characters is insufficient lor the recognition of a separate genus, and I continue to consider Clinostemon a synonym of Mezilaurus. Paratypes. PERU. Loreto: Maynas, Allpahuayo, Gentry et al. 56468 (st) (MO), Gentry et al. 65868 (st) (MO),' Pi poly et al. 12230 (fl) (MO), van der Werff et al. 10227 (fr)(AAU, AMAZ, HBG, MO, QRS). Maynas: Santa Maria de Nanay, Vasquez & Jaramillo 12231 (fr) (AMAZ, MO). Ocotea rugosa van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Bolivar: in small patches of disturbed cloud forest along first 1 5 km of road Chillanes- E1 Tambo, elev. 2,400 m, van der Werff el al. 12429 (male fl) (holotype. MO; isotypes, AAU, OB, NY. QCNE, QRS, US). Figure 8. Arbor dioica. Ramuli juniores tomentelli, vetustiores glabrescentes. Gemma terminalis tomentella. Folia alter- na, elliptica vel elliptico-obovata, 12-24 x 6 14 cm, chartacea vel subcoriacea, rugosa, basi acuta vel obtusa, apice acuta vel breviter acuminata, supra glabra (juvenalia pubescentia), subtus pilis erectis praedita; venatione supra impressa, subtus insigniter elevata; nervis lateralibus 9- 12 utroque costae latere, venatione brochidodroma. Pe- tioli ca. 1 cm longi. Inflorescentiae axillares, paniculatae, ad 30 cm longae, sparse vel modice pubescentes. Flores unisexuales, subglabri vel pubescentes; tepala 6, aequalia, ca. 2 mm longa, intus glabra, margine plus minusve pap- illosa, in flore staminato stamina 9, 4-locellata, 6 exteriora introrsa, 3 interiora laterali-extrorsa, basi glandulis magnis praedita; staminodia nulla, pistillodium praesens, quam staminibus interioribus brevior; in flore pistillato stami¬ nodia 9, 3 interioribus basi glandulis duabus praeditis, pistillum ca. 2 mm longurn, stigmate discoidea. Cupula parva, plana, pedicello incrassato; fructus ellipsoideus, omnino exsertus, 15 x 7 mm. Small to medium-sized dioecious trees. Twigs te¬ rete or weakly ridged, the young parts tomentellous, but glabrescent with age. Terminal bud densely brown-tomentellous. Leaves alternate, evenly dis¬ tributed along twigs, elliptic to elliptic-obovate, 12- 24 x 6-10 cm, chartaceous to subcoriaceous, ru¬ gose, base acute or obtuse, apex shortly acuminate or acute, upper surface glabrous or, when young. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 71 Figure 8. Ocotea rugosa van der Werff. — A . Habit. —B. Infructescence. —C, D. Flowers seen from above and aside. —E. Pistil. —F. Outer stamen. —G, H. Inner stamen. with some erect or appressed hairs, these much denser and becoming tomentellous near the base and along midrib and major secondaries, lower sur¬ face with short, erect hairs, these denser along mid¬ rib and major veins; secondary and tertiary venation impressed on upper surface and, together with mid¬ rib, prominently loop-connected in distal two-thirds of lamina. Petioles ca. 1 cm long. Inflorescences axillary, to 30 cm long, paniculate, sparsely to mod¬ erately pubescent with erect hairs, the flowers in 72 Novon rather dense clusters. Flowers unisexual, subglab- rous outside; tepals 6, equal, ca. 2 mm long, the inner surface glabrous or the margin papillose; male flowers with nine 4-celled stamens, the outer six with introrse cells, glabrous, the filaments very short, the inner three with lateral-extrorse cells, with two large glands at the base of the filaments of inner stamens; staminodia lacking; pistillode present, but shorter than the inner stamens; female flowers with nine small staminodia, glands present at base of inner staminodia, pistil ca. 2 mm long, glabrous, ovary as long as the style, stigma platelike, receptacle gla¬ brous. In old flowers tepals frequently united at the base and falling as a unit. Cupule small, platelike, scarcely separated from the swollen pedicel, the fruit completely exserted, ellipsoid, 15x7 mm. Altitudinal range: 1,800-2,600 m. h lo teers: July-September, fruits July-December. Ocotea rugosa is only known from montane for¬ ests on the western side of the Andes in central Ecuador. The small cupule, swollen pedicel in fruit, and the relatively long, narrow fruits indicate a placement in the Ocotea minarum group. The erect pubescence on the lower leaf surface and lack of a wax coating ot the lower leaf surface point to (). ovalifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Mez as the closest rela¬ tive. Ocotea rugosa differs from that species in its rugose leaves with the venation impressed on the upper and raised on the lower leaf surface, in the loop-connected lateral veins, and the glabrous inner surface of the tepals. The leaf base of O. ovalifolia is usually inrolled and decurrent (plane in 0 . ru¬ gosa ), and O. ovalifolia has also a much denser indument on inflorescences and flowers. Ocotea oocarpa Mez & Sodiro, only known from the Ec¬ uadorian Andes at ± 2,000 m elevation, has been placed in the O. minarum group, as well (Rohwer, 1 986). This species differs from O. rugosa in having appressed, not erect hairs on the leaves and in not having its reticulation prominently raised. The dioecious condition is not always obvious in O. rugosa. In the pistillate flowers there is no doubt that the staminodia are not functional, but in sta- minate flowers the pistillode is relatively well de¬ veloped; however, a dissection shows that an ovule is lacking. Pickled staminate flowers show clearly that the pistillode remains hidden between the inner three stamens and is not accessible to pollinators. Paratypes. ECUADOR. Bolivar: along road Chil- lanes-El Tambo, van der W'erjff et al. 12436 (female fl, young fr) (MO, QCNE), van der ITerjf cl al. 12496 (young fr) (AAU, MO, QCNE, QRS). Pichincha: Re- serva Floristico Rio Guajalito near Chiriboga, van der IT’erffet al. 12216 (fr) (MO, QCNE, QRS), Zak & Jar- amillo 595 (fr)(AAU, MO, QCA, QRS); without indication of province, but probably Bolivar: Balsapampa, W of Guaranda, Rimbach 203 (female fl) (MAD), 790 (MAD), Rimbach 827 (fr) (MAD), Rimbach 245 (male fl) (MAD). Persea fendleri van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Aragua: P. N. Henri Pittier, Stey- ermark 91412 (fl) (holotype, NY). Figure 9. Arbor, ad 15 m. Rainuli teretes, juvenales adpresse pubescentes, vetustiores glabrescentes. Gemma terminalis dense albido-pubescens. Folia alterna, chartacea, 7.5-12 x 2.5-4.5 cm, elliptica, basi acuta vel attenuata, apice acuta, nervis lateralibus 7-10 utroque latere, supra gla¬ bra, costa impressa, nervis immersis, subtus costa nerv- isque elevatis, utrinque tenuiter reticulata. Petioli 1.5- 2.5 cm longi. Inflorescentiae axillares, ad 5 cm longae, adpresse pubescentes. Flores virides. Tepala 6, (sub) ae- qualia, utrinque pubescentes, 2.5-3.0 mm longa; stamina 9, 4-locellata, 6 exteriora ca. 1.5 mm longa, locellis in- trorsis, filamentis pubescentibus antheris glabris; 3 inter- iora ad 2 mm longa, locellis extrorso-lateralibus, filamentis glandulis duobus praeditis; staminodia 3, ca. 1 mm longa, apice triangulari. Pistillum glabrum, ca. 2 mm longum, ovario globoso, 1 mm diametro. Fructus globosus, 1 cm diametro, basi tepalis persistentibus ornatus. Tree, to 15 m tall. Twigs terete or slightly ridged, the young parts appressed pubescent, but soon be¬ coming glabrous. Terminal bud densely white-pu¬ bescent. Leaves alternate, chartaceous, 7.5-12 X 2.5-4.5 cm, elliptic, base acute or attenuate, tip acute, lateral veins 7-10, arching upwards and fad¬ ing out near the margin, upper surface glabrous, midrib impressed, especially in lower half of lamina, lateral veins immersed, the fine tertiary, reticulate venation raised; midrib raised on lower surface, lat¬ eral veins and fine reticulation weakly raised. Pet¬ ioles slender, 1.5-2.5 cm long, with varying amount of appressed pubescence. Inflorescences axillary, ca. 5 cm long, the lateral branchlets once cymosely branched or flowers racemose, appressed pubescent, especially toward the flowers, bracts usually decid¬ uous, if present linear, to 3 mm long. Flowers green¬ ish. Tepals 6, equal or nearly so, pubescent on both surfaces, 2.5-3.0 mm long, broadly ovate; stamens 9, all 4-celled, the outer six ca. 1.5 mm long, with introrse cells, filaments pubescent, anthers glabrous, inner three to 2 mm long, with extrorse-lateral cells, filament pubescent, with two stalked glands near the base, anther glabrous; staminodia 3, ca. 1 mm long, the tip triangular, dorsally pubescent. Pistil glabrous, ca. 2 mm long, ovary globose, 1 mm diam., rather abruptly narrowed into the style. Fruit globose, 1 cm diam., the tepals persistent at the base. Persea fendleri belongs to a rather small group of Persea species characterized by equal or subequal tepals that are pubescent on the inner surface and Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 73 D Figure 9. Persea fendleri van der Werff. — A. Habit. —B. Flowers. —C, E. Stamen. —D. Pistil. persistent in the fruiting stage. This group cannot readily be placed in the infrageneric classification of Persea proposed hy Kopp (1966), and the species usually have been treated as anomalous. Within this group, two growth forms can be recognized. In one the lateral branches of the twigs are alternate; P. fendleri belongs to this group. In the other group, the lateral branches are whorled; usually three or four branches sprout from the same place. Usually the terminal hud is strongly swollen in this group of species and the leaves are more or less clustered near the tips of the branches. 74 Novon Persea fendleri is an inconspicuous species, char¬ acterized by its chartaceous, small leaves, short in¬ florescences, and a rather sparse induinent. The relatively long petioles, impressed midrib, and the fine reticulation on the upper leaf surlace are char¬ acters shared with other species in this group. Persea fendleri is similar to some Old World Persea species and the Fendler collection was cited by Meissner (1864) as P. indiea (L.) Sprengel, a species other¬ wise known from the Canary Islands. This Fendler collection is not cited in later revisions (Mez, 1889; Kopp, 1966). Persea indiea differs from P. fendleri in its more densely pubescent flowers and leaves and it its larger tepals (2.5-3.0 vs. 4-5 mm). Persea fendleri is only known from the Cordillera de la Costa in Venezuela. There is a second, as yet undescribed species of Persea present in the coastal mountains of Venezuela. This species has larger, more coriaceous leaves, clustered leaves, and whorled branching. One collection of it was included in P. rigens Allen by Kopp (1966); a second, later col¬ lection is also in fruit. The lruits are depressed globose, not round as in P. fendleri. For the proper disposition of this species flowering collections are needed. The collection huteyn el al. 832 6 was distributed as Nectandra steyermarkii Allen. Paratypes. VENEZUELA. Prope Coloniam Tovar, Fendler 1096 (fr) (MO); border of Distr. Federal and Aragua, along road to Pto. Maya, Luteyn el al. 832 6 (fl) (MO, NY). Persea nudigemnia van der Werff, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Napo: Archidona, km 40 road Hollin Loreto, tree, 20 m, Palacios W Iguago 1387 (fl) (holotype, MO; isotypes, AAU, GB, HBG, NY, QCNE, IJS). Figure 10. Arbores ad 30 m. Ramuli teretes, glabri, ad apicem incrassati. Gemma terminals parva, glabra. Folia alterna, ad apices rainulorum congesta, rigide chartacea, 8-18 x 3.5-7.5 cm, elliptica, basi apiceque acuta, subtus glau- ca, nervis lateralibus 8-10, supra glabra, costa nervisque immersis, reticulatione paullo elevata, subtus glabra, cos¬ ta, nervis, reticulatione paullo elevatis. Petioli plani, glabri; 10-17 mm longi. Inflorescentiae ex axillis foliorum vel bractearum ortae, basi cicatricibus bractearum praeditae, paniculatae, puberulae, indumento flores versus densiore, ad 14 cm longae. Tepala 6, aequalia vel exteriora inter- ioribus paullo breviora, 3-4 mm longa, omnia utrinque pubescentia. Stamina 9, 4-locellata, 6 exteriora locellis introrsis, filamentis ca. 1.5 mm longis, pubescentibus, antheris glabris, filamentis paullo latioribus, ca. 1 mm longis; 3 interiora ca. 2.6 mm longa, locellis lateralibus, filamentis dense pubescentibus, basim versus dilatatis, glandulis super basim affixis; staminodia 3, ca. 1.5 mm longa, dorsaliter pubescentia, apice triangularia. Pistillum 3 mm longum, stylo ovarium globosum aequante. Fructus ignotus. Tree, to 30 m. Twigs slightly angled or terete, glabrous, swollen near the tip. Terminal buds small, glabrous. Leaves alternate, clustered near the tips of branches, the margins plane, stiffly chartaceous, 8 18 X 3.5-7.5 cm, elliptic, base acute, rarely obtuse, apex acute, the lower surface glaucous, lat¬ eral veins 8-10, upper surface glabrous, costa and lateral veins immersed, fine reticulation slightly raised, lower surface glabrous, with costa, veins, and reticulation slightly raised. Petioles flat, glabrous, 10-17 mm long. Inflorescences in axils of leaves or deciduous bracts, at the base with several scars of bracts, paniculate, the lateral branches once or twice cymosely branched, puberulous, more densely so toward flowers, to 1 4 cm long. Flowers yellowish. Tepals 6, ovate, equal or outer three slightly shorter, 3-4 mm long, erect at anthesis, pubescent on both surfaces. Stamens 9, all 4-celled, the outer six with introrse cells, the filaments ca. 1.5 mm long, pu¬ bescent, the anther slightly wider than the filament, glabrous, ca. 1.6 mm long; inner three stamens with lateral cells, ca. 2.6 mm long, filaments densely pubescent, widened toward the base, the glands at¬ tached slightly above the base; staminodia 3, ca. 1.5 mm long, dorsally pubescent, the tip triangular. Pistil 3 mm long, style as long as the globose ovary, this with a few hairs. Fruits unknown. Persea nudigemnia belongs to a small group of neotropical Persea species with equal tepals, these pubescent on both surfaces and persistent in the fruiting stage, swollen tips of branches, and more or less clustered leaves. Other members of this group are P. rigens Allen, P. silvatica van der Werff, P. bernardii Kopp, and possibly P. cuatreeasasii Kos- termans. The latter two species have been described as having tomentose lower leaf surfaces; P. silvatica has very sparsely pubescent flowers, with the in- dument scarcely visible to the naked eye, while the induinent on flowers of P. rigens is clearly visible. Persea rigens is a poorly known species; the type collection has only buds and the paratype has an infructescence, but no fruits. Kopp (1966) cited several fruiting collections under P. rigens , hut did not describe the fruits. Some of these lruits were strikingly depressed globose ( Steyermark 62459) and for lack of other distinct characters this fruit shape has become associated with P. rigens (Burger & van der Werff, 1990). However, collections from the type region {Croat 26173, Stern & Chambers 36, both MO) show that P. rigens has globose fruits. Thus, P. rigens remains an ill-defined taxon; the collections cited by Kopp (1966) from Guatemala, Venezuela, and Ecuador very likely do not belong here. Persea nudigemnia differs from P rigens in having glaucous lower leaf surfaces and in having Volume 4, Number 1 1994 van der Werff Neotropical Lauraceae 75 Figure 10. Persea nudigemma van der Werff. —A. Habit. —B. Part of inflorescence. —C. Flower in cross section. — D, E. Stamens. less pubescent inflorescences and flowers. A sterile collection from Ecuador (Napo, km 2 carretera Co- tundo-Coca, Dodson et al. 15099, MO) very likely belongs to P. nudigemma, as well. Recent collections indicate that this group of Per¬ sea species is also present in Colombia and Peru. Persea rufescens Lundell, which is not well known to me. belongs to this species group. 2 mm 76 Novon Paratypes. ECUADOR. Napo: Archidona, km 40 road Hollin-Loreto, Palacios & Iguago 4581 (fls)(MO, QCNE). Neill et al. 9064 (fls) (MO, QCNE); Napo, Archidona, km 50 road Hollin-Loreto, Palacios 4207 (fls) (MO, QCNE). Acknowledgments. I thank the various collectors for sending gifts for identification. John Myers pro¬ vided the illustrations. My fieldwork has been gen¬ erously supported by the National Geographic So¬ ciety (granl NGS 3821 -88) and the National Science Foundation (grant BSR89-18096). Literature Cited Burger, W. & H. van der Werff. 1990. Lauraceae. In: W. Burger (editor). Flora Costaricensis. Fieldiana, Bot. n.s. 23; 1-129. Kopp, L. E. 1966. A taxonomic revision of the genus Per sea in the western hemisphere. Mem. New York Bot. Card. 14: 1117. Kubitzki, K. 1982. Aniba. In: Flora Neotropica 31: 1 84. -, H. Kurz & H. G. Richter. 1979. Reinstate¬ ment of Clinostemon (Lauraceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 60: 515-522. Kurz, H. 1983. Fortpflanzungsbiologie einiger Gattun- gen neotropischer Lauraceen und Revision der Gat- tung Licaria (Lauraceae). Thesis, Univ. Hamburg. Meissner, C. F. 1864. Lauraceae. In: A. de Candolle (editor), Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Ve- getabilis 15(1): 1-260. Mez, C. 1889. Lauraceae Americanae. Jahrb. Koenigl. Bot. Cart. Berlin 5: 1-556. Renner, S. 1982. Aiouea. In: Flora Neotropica 31: 85-116. Rohwer, J. G. 1986. Prodromus einer Monographic der Gattung Ocotea Aublet (Lauraceae). Mitt. Inst. Allg. Bot. Hamburg 20: 1 278. Werff, H. van der. 1987. A revision of Mezilaurus (Lauraceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 74: 153-182. New Names in North American Myosurus (Ranunculaceae) Alan T. Whittemore Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. The name Myosurus aristatus Ben- tham is illegitimate, and the North American ma¬ terial often treated as M. aristatus is conspecific with M. apetalus Gay of Chile. The name Myosurus ape talus var. borealis Whittemore is described for the North American taxon previously treated as M. aristatus subsp. aristatus, and the new combination M. apetalus var. montanus (G. R. Campbell) Whittemore is made for the taxon previously treated as M. aristatus subsp. montanus (G. R. Campbell) D. E. Stone. the genus Myosurus L. (Ranunculaceae) consists of ca. 15 species found in temperate regions of both hemispheres (Mabberley, 1993). The genus is often considered taxonomically difficult, since the plants are predominantly self-fertilizing and interspecific hybridization is not uncommon (Stone, 1959). How¬ ever, the North American species are relatively well understood, due largely to the work of Stone (1957, 1959, 1960). One of the North American species has commonly been known under the name Myosurus aristatus Bentham (Campbell, 1952; Davis, 1952; Dorn. 1984, 1992; Hitchcock & Cronquist, 1964; Kear¬ ney & Peebles, 1964; Munz & Keck, 1959). How¬ ever, this name is illegitimate, having been published originally as an avowed substitute for the legitimate name M. apetalus Gay (type from Chile). The North and South American plants have been considered conspecific by Lourteig (1951), Raven (1963), We¬ ber & Wittmann (1992), and Wilken (1993). Stone (1957, 1960) recognized two subspecies, M. aris¬ tatus subsp. aristatus and M. aristatus subsp. mon¬ tanus (G. R. Campbell) D. E. Stone, differing in characters of the sepals and fruiting heads. How¬ ever, names for these taxa in M. apetalus have never been published. Campbell (1952) considered M. apetalus to he a purely South American species and listed five supposed differences between it and M. aristatus of North America: achenes more than 50 per head in M. apetalus, fewer than 50 in M. aristatus; achene beaks 0.5 mm long in M. apetalus, 1 1.5 mm in M. aristatus; scapes only slightly exceed leaves in M. apetalus, 2-3 times longer in M. aristatus; sepals 3-5-nerved in M. apetalus, 1-nerved in M. aristatus; sepals retained on fruiting spikes in M. apetalus, shed after anthesis in M. aristatus. How¬ ever, Campbell had little material from South Amer¬ ica, and apparently the revision of the South Amer¬ ican species by Lourteig (1951) was not available at the time of Campbell’s study. The plants are more variable than Campbell indicated. The number of achenes per head varies from 15 to 100 in South American material; sepals in the South American plant may be either retained on the fruiting spikes or shed after anthesis; the achene beaks vary from 0.2 to 0.9 mm long, 0.3-0.9 times as long as the achene body, in the South American plant, while they are usually longer (0.6-1.4 mm long, 0.5-1.0 times as long as the achene body) in North American material; the scapes at most slightly exceed the leaves in South American specimens, while they are often, but not always, longer in North America; the sepals are 3-5-nerved in the South American plant, similar to sepals of the North American M. aristatus subsp. montanus but unlike the strongly 1-nerved sepals of M. aristatus subsp. aristatus sensu Stone. Since none of the differences between North and South American material are absolute, hut all over¬ lap, 1 agree with Lourteig (1951), Raven (1963), Weber & Wittmann (1992), and Wilken (1993) that they are best considered conspecific. However, since several characters show different (though over¬ lapping) ranges of variation on the two continents, separation of the species into varieties seems ap¬ propriate. These taxa have been fully described and illus¬ trated by Lourteig (1951), Campbell (1952), and Stone (1957), and a full treatment of the genus in North America north of Mexico will he published (Whittemore, in press). However, the necessary no¬ menclature must first be validated. Myosurus apetalus Gay, FI. Ghil. 1: 31. 1815. Myosurus aristatus Bentham ex Hooker f. London J. Bot. 6; 458. 1847, illegitimate, ear¬ lier name included. TYPE: Chile. Prov. de Co- quimbo, damp places in the Cordilleras de las Patos, elev. 11,200 ft., C. Gay (no longer extant?). Novon 4: 77-79. 1994. 78 Novon Key to Varieties la. Sepals 1-nerved; outer faces of achenes nar¬ rowly elliptical or rectangular . . 3. M. apetalus var. borealis Whittemore lb. Sepals 3( 5)-nerved; outer faces of achenes nar¬ rowly rhombic or elliptical. 2a. Achene beaks 0.2-0.9 mm long, 0.3-0.9 times as long as achene body; heads ol achenes 2.5-18 mm long, not or scarcely exserted beyond the leaves; sepals often persisting on fruiting heads . . 1 . M. apetalus var. apetalus 2b. Achene beaks 0.6-1.4 mm long, 0.5-1.0 times as long as achene body; heads of achenes 12-24 mm long, usually exserted well beyond the leaves; sepals never per¬ sisting on fruiting heads . .2. M. apetalus var. nwntanus (G. H. Campbell) Whittemore 1. Myosurus apetalus Gay var. apetalus. Distribution: Argentina (Chubut, Neuquen, Pa¬ tagonia, Rio Negro), Chile (Coquimbo, Magallanes, Santiago). Lourteig (1951: 558 560) described and illustrated M. apetalus var. apetalus and provided full synonymy and specimen citations. 2. Myosurus apetalus var. montanus (G. R. Campbell) Whittemore, comb. nov. Basionym: Myosurus minimus subsp. montanus G. R. Campbell, Aliso 2: 394. 1952. Myosurus ar- istatus subsp. montanus (C. R. Campbell) I). E. Stone in H. Mason, Flora of the Marshes ol California: 503. 1957. TYPE: U.S.A. Califor¬ nia: Mono County, 3 mi. NW of Bridgeport, P. A. Munz 11811 (holotype, RSA not seen; isotype, CAS). Distribution: Canada (Saskatchewan), United States (Arizona, California, Colorado, Montana, Ne¬ vada, North Dakota. Oregon, Utah, Wyoming). This taxon was described and illustrated by Stone (1957: 500-503, as M. aristatus subsp. montanus) and Campbell (1952: 394-395, 402 403, as M. min¬ imus subsp. montanus ); Campbell (1952) also pro¬ vided specimen citations. 3. Myosurus apetalus var. borealis Whittemore, var. nov. TYPE: U.S.A. Idaho: Canyon Coun¬ ty, Falks Store, beneath the sagebrush, bench¬ es, 22 Apr. 1911, J. F. Macbride 766 (ho¬ lotype, MO; isotypes, CAS, UC; according to Campbell, 1952, further isotypes (not seen) are deposited at CH and POM). Myosurus aristatus of North American authors, not of Bentham ex Hooker 1., nom. illegit. Sepala 1 -nervata; capitula acheniorum 4-9 mm; su¬ perficies exterior acheniorium anguste elliptica vel rec- tangularis; rostra acheniorum 0.6-1.2 mm longa, rostra corpus 0.5-1.0 plo longiora. Sepals 1 -nerved with broad scarious margins; heads of achenes 4-9 mm; scapes often much longer than leaves; outer face of achene narrowly elliptical or rectangular; achene beaks 0.6-1.2 mm long, 0.5 1.0 times as long as achene body. This taxon was described and illustrated by Stone (1957: 500-503, as M. aristatus subsp. aristatus) and Campbell (1952: 399-400, 402-403, as M. aristatus). Campbell (1952) also provided further specimen citations. Paratypes. CANADA. British Columbia: 2 3 mi. E of Oliver, McCabe 5834 (UC). U.S.A. California: Lassen Co., If illiams et al. 88-38-3 (CAS); Modoc Co., Bethel 25 April 1923 (CAS), Balls 14693 (CAS); Mono Co., Breedlove et al. 62756 (CAS); San Bernardino Co., Peirson 4557 (CAS). Idaho: Bannock Co., Cronquist 2248 (MO); Custer Co., Hitchcock & Muhlick 9415 (CAS, MO); Elmore Co., Grimes et al. 1500 (CAS); Frank¬ lin Co., Anderson 1330 (CAS); Nez Perce Co., Heller A’ Heller 2960 (MO, UC), Sandberg May 1892 (MO, UC), Sandberg et al. 159 (CAS, MO); Washington Co., Jones 6149 (CAS, MO). Montana: Missoula Co., Barkley 2667 (MO), Demorest 21 (CAS, MO), Hitchcock 1561 (CAS), Keilman 3 (MO), Kirkwood 1109 (UC). Nevada: Elko Co., Holmgren 897 (UC); Nye Co., Maguire & Holmgren 25836 (UC); Washoe Co., Archer 5102 (UC), Heller 9988 (CAS, MO, UC), Hillman 16 May 1896 (UC), II illiams et al. 80-2-2 (CAS), Tiehm 4001 (MO), Tiehm 6L If illiams 5515 (CAS, MO). Oregon: Deschutes Co., Detling 2635 (UC); Grant Co., Henderson 5145 (CAS, MO); Klamath Co., Applegate 4248 (CAS), Henderson 9364 (CAS); Lake Co., Peck 25017 (UC), Peck 25018 (CAS, UC); Malheur Co., Peck 20564 (UC), Leiberg 2007 (CAS, UC), Henderson 9042 (CAS), Thompson 11332 (CAS, UC); Morrow Co., Leiberg 14 (UC); Uma¬ tilla Co., Howell 3 May 1882 (MO); Union Co., Cusick 2194 (MO, UC); Wallowa Co., Sherwood 45 9 (CAS, MO); Wasco Co., Sheldon 10021 (CAS, MO), Suksdorf 834 (MO, UC). Utah: Salt Lake Co., Garrett 286S‘(UC). Washington: Adams Co., Rogers et al. 229 (CAS, MO); Benton Co., Barkworth 687 (CAS); Grant Co., Rogers 286 (CAS, MO, UC); Klickitat Co., Howell 20 April 1882 (MO); Lincoln Co., Jones 20 May 1905 (UC); Spokane Co., Milburge 280 (CAS); Stevens Co., Shars- rnith 4010 (CAS); Whitman Co., Elmer May 1897 (MO), Meyer 1437 (MO); Yakima Co., Hitchcock & Martin 3385 (CAS), Hoover 5652 (CAS); county uncertain, Brandegee May 1883 (UC), Howell 20 April 1882 (CAS). Wyoming: Carbon Co., Hartman 2950 (CAS); Uinta Co., Nelson 4546 (MO), Nelson 7187 (MO), Yel¬ lowstone N.P., Nelson & Nelson 6074 (MO). Acknowledgment. I thank the National Science Foundation (BSR-9007437) for financial support, the staff at CAS and UC for facilities for study at their institutions, and Henk van der W erff for pro¬ viding the Latin description. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Whittemore North American Myosurus 79 Literature Cited Campbell, G. R. 1952. The genus Myosurus L. (Ran- unculaceae) in North America. Aliso 2: 389-403. Davis, R. J. 1952. Flora of Idaho. Wm. C. Brown, Dubuque. Dorn, R. D. 1984. Vascular Plants of Montana. Moun¬ tain West Publishing, Cheyenne. -. 1992. Vascular Plants of Wyoming, ed. 2. Mountain West Publishing, Cheyenne. Hitchcock, C. L. & A. Cronquist. 1964. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 2: Salicaceae to Sax- ifragaceae. Univ. Washington Press, Seattle. Kearney, T. H. & R. H. Peebles. 1964. Arizona Flora, 2nd ed. with supplement by J. T. Howell and E. McClintock. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. Lourteig, A. 1951. Ranunculaceas de Sudainerica Tem- plada. Darwiniana 9: 397-608. Mabberley, D. J. 1993. The Plant-book: A Portable Dictionary of Higher Plants, revised ed. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge. Munz, P. A. & D. D. Keck. 1959. A California Flora. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. Raven, P. H. 1963. Amphitropical relationships in the floras of North and South America. Quart. Rev. Biol. 38: 151-177. Stone, D. E. 1957. Myosurus. Pp. 496-505 in H. L. Mason, A Flora of the Marshes of California. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. -. 1959. A unique balanced breeding system in the vernal pool mouse-tails. Evolution 13: 151-174. -. 1960. Nuclear cytology of the California mou- setails (Myosurus). Madrono 15: 139-148. Weber, W. A. & R. C. Wittmann. 1992. Catalogue of the Colorado Flora: A Biodiversity Baseline. Univ. Press of Colorado, Niwot. Whittemore, A. T. In press. Myosurus. In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (editors), Flora of North America North ol Mexico, vol. 3. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. Wilken, D. H. 1993. Myosurus. P. 923 in J. C. Hick¬ man (editor), The Jepson Manual: Higher Plants of California. Univ. California Press, Berkeley. A New Species of Dasyphyllum (Asteraceae-Mutisieae) from Paraguay Elsa Matilde Zardini Missouri Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Nelida Soria Facultad de Giencias Quimicas, Universidad Nacional de Asuncion, G.C. 3291, Asuncion, Paraguay Abstract. A fourth species of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum with a floral tube that is pilose on the outside is described here; the other three species are Dasyphyllum inerme, I), lanceolatum, and D. ve- preculatum. This new species, which we name Da¬ syphyllum maria-lianae , is distinguished from the others by the broadly ovate leaves that are loosely villous above and densely villous below, a longer pedicel, a wider involucre, densely tomentose phyl- laries, and a greater number of flowers. As a result of recent exploratory work in Para¬ guay, a distinctive new species of Dasyphyllum has been collected, which we describe here. This is the fourth species of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum [= section Microcephala (Baker) Cahrera] with the floral tube pilose outside and the first one with that feature recorded for Paraguay. The other three spe¬ cies of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasyphyllum with floral tube pilose on the outside surface are Dasyphyllum inerme (Rusby) Cabrera, D. lanceolatum (Lessing) Cabrera, and D. vepreculatum (D. Don) Cabrera (Cabrera, 1959). Aside from them, this feature is also known in three species of Dasyphyllum sect. Ma crocephala, D. lanosum Cabrera, D.fodinarum (Gardner) Cabrera, and D. donianum (Gardner) Ca¬ brera (Cabrera, 1959); this section is distinguished from section Dasyphyllum by the involucre larger than 2 cm high and by the heads solitary or few. With its beautiful hanging twigs covered by pale green leaves and bright yellow flowers, Dasyphyl¬ lum maria-lianae is a conspicuous part of the flora in the mountain forests of the Cordillera de Yhy- tyruzu and the Cerro Naville in eastern Paraguay. Dasyphyllum maria-lianae Zardini & Soria, sp. nov. TYPE: Paraguay. Guaira: Mbocayaity- Melgarejo, Cerro Naville, 25°43'S, 56°21'W, forest on slopes, 6 July 1992, Zardini & Guer¬ rero 324 70 (holotype, FCQ; isotype, MO). Fig¬ ure 1. Frutex scandens usque ca. 5 m altus ramosus, ramis tomentosis spinosis; spinae axillares geminae. Folia alter- na; petioli 5-10 mm longi; laminae late ovatae, apice acutae et basi rotundatae, supra laxe villosae et inferne dense villosae, trinervatae, 5-7 cm longae et 3-4 cm latae. Capitula campanulata 10-12 mm alta et lata in paniculis; pedicelli 10-15 mm longi; phyllaria ovata apice mucronata, tomentosa. Flores ca. 28 lutei; corollae pen- tasectae extus villosae ad tubum et apices segmentorum. Achaenia dense et longe albo-sericea; pappi setae plu- mosae, albidae. Climbing shrub to 5 m tall, much branched. Stems tomentose, hanging, with paired axillary spines. Leaves alternate; petiole 5-10 mm long; blade broadly ovate acute at apex and rounded at base, trinervate, loosely villous above and densely villous below, 5-7 x 3-4 cm. Heads in paniculate cor- ymbiform racemes. Pedicel 10 15 mm. Involucre campanulate, 10 12 mm high and wide; phyllaries ovate mucronate at apex, tomentose. Flowers ca. 28; corolla yellow, 10-12 mm long, pentasect (seg¬ ments 4-6 mm long) with one incision deeper than the others, with tube and apical parts of segments pilose on outside surface. Achenes cylindrical, 4 5 mm long, dense and long white sericeous; pappus of plumose whitish bristles 12 14 mm long. Paratype. PARAGUAY. Guaira: Cordillera de Yby- tyruzu, road Melgarejo-Antena, 2 km N of Antena, 25°45’S, 56°15'W, forest, 14 July 1989, Zardini & Velazquez 13263 (FCQ, MO). The four species of Dasyphyllum sect. Dasy¬ phyllum with a floral tube pilose on the outside surface can be differentiated as follows: la. Flowers ca. 28; pedicel 10-15 mm; involucre 1012 mm wide; phyllaries ovate; mucronate at apex, densely tomentose; leaves broadly ovate, 5-7 x 3-4 cm, loosely villous above and dense¬ ly villous below; eastern Paraguay . . Dasyphyllum maria-lianae Zardini & Soria lb. Flowers fewer than 20; pedicel 2-7 mm; in¬ volucre 6-7 mm wide; phyllaries ovate or lan¬ ceolate, mucronate or spiny at apex, loosely villous or sericeous; leaves ovate, elliptic or Novon 4: 80-82. 1994. Volume 4, Number 1 1994 Zardini & Soria Dasyphyllum maria-lianae 81 82 Novon lanceolate, 4.5-8 x 1.54 cm, glabrous above and glabrous or loosely pubescent below. 2a. Phyllaries loosely villous, mucronate at apex; southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina . . Dasyphyllum inerme (Rusby) Cabrera 2b. Phyllaries sericeous, with an apical spine 1-2 mm long. 3a. Leaves elliptic-lanceolate or ovate-lan¬ ceolate, loosely villous, 5-8 x 2-4 cm; involucre 12 mm high; V enezuela and northeastern Brazil . . . .Dasyphyllum vepreculatum (D. Don) Cabrera 3b. Leaves lanceolate, loosely sericeous, 4.5 x 1-2 cm; involucre 8-10 mm high; southern Brazil . .... Dasyphyllum lariceolatum (Lessing) Cabrera We name this species after Maria Liana Gentry Zardini, daughter of the senior author. Acknowledgments. We thank the [National Geo¬ graphic Society for support of fieldwork and an anonymous reviewer for comments on tfie manu¬ script. Literature Cited Cabrera, A. L. 1959. Revision del genero Dasyphyllum (Compositae). Rev. Mus. La Plata, Bot. 9: 21 100. Volume 4, Number 1, pp. 1-82 of NOVON was published on 30 March 1994. Volume 4 Number 2 1994 NOVON >y Novitates Gabonenses 21. A New Species of Baphia (Leguminosae-Papilionoideae) from Gabon F. J. Breteler Herbarium Vadense, Foulkesweg 37, 6703 BL Wageningen, The Netherlands Abstract. From Gabon, Central Africa, a new species of Baphia is described that is distinct in having a cymose arrangement of its flowers. The African genus Baphia, with ca. 46 species in total, is well represented in Gabon by some 18 species (Soladoye, 1985). This number is likely to increase with further exploration, mainly by the collection of species previously known only from the neighboring countries. Recent collections from the Lambarene area revealed a new, distinct species. Baphia cymosa Breteler, sp. nov. TYPE: Gabon. Lambarene, along Ogooue River, 24 Nov. 1986 (fl), van der Maesen 5306 (holotype, Wx\G; isotypes, BR, K, LBV, MO, P). Figure 1. Baphiae laurifoliae Baillon affinis, sed inflorescentiis cymosis, bracteolis minoribus et alis et petalis carinae sine marsupio differt. Treelet 3-4 m tall. Branches rather soon longi¬ tudinally fissured, bark peeling off in thin, long, narrow flakes. Branchlets densely brown-tomentose. Stipules not observed, very early caducous, leaving a rimlike scar. Leaves: petiole with contiguous pul- vini, 5 10 mm long, grooved above, subappressed- short-brown-hairy; blade elliptic, 7-12 x 2-4 cm, (2.5-)3-4 times as long as wide, cuneate at base, obtusely acuminate at apex, the acumen 0.5-1 (-1.5) cm long, glabrous above, sparsely sub- appressed-short-hairy beneath, more densely so on midrib, glabrescent, lateral nerves thin, 5-7 pairs, not or only slightly prominent, the midrib plane to impressed above, prominent beneath. Flowers most¬ ly arranged in 2 several-flowered, once to repeat¬ edly branched, brown-tomentose cymes, sometimes single; peduncle up to 2 cm long; bracts and brac- teoles broadly ovate, concave, ca. 1.5 x 1.5 mm, mostly early caducous; flower buds somewhat sickle¬ shaped; pedicel up to ca. 2 cm long; calyx up to ca. 15 mm long, appressed-brown-short-hairy out¬ side, glabrous inside, spathaceous, splitting down one side; corolla white, glabrous; standard ± sessile, broadly obovate, ca. 15 x 13 mm, ± flat, but with the margin in upper part curved inwards, with a 2- 2.5-mm-long split apically; wings folded ± length¬ wise, 17 x 8 mm when unfolded, very shortly clawed, top obtuse, notched or not; keel petals 13 x 5-7 mm, united in the middle, shortly clawed, ± flat; stamens 10 13.5 mm long, shortly coherent at base, glabrous, anthers 2.5-3 mm long, ± bas- ifixed; pistil ca. 15 mm long, gently curved, style ± glabrous, ovary appressed-short-hairy, 6-ovuled. Fruits unknown. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Gabon. Habitat. Tropical rainforest. Baphia cymosa is distinct because of a unique character, i.e., the arrangement of the flowers in cymes and not in fascicles, racemes, or pseudora¬ cemes, the normal situation in Baphia. In the key in Soladoye’s (1985) revision, B. cymosa will key out near B. laurifolia Baillon when “pulvini not contiguous” is selected at couplet 22. This might seem to be the wrong choice because B. cymosa has contiguous pulvini; however, according to So¬ ladoye’s description, so, possibly, does B. laurifolia. Novon 4: 83-85. 1994. 84 Novon Figure 1. 1-11. Baphia cymosa Breteler (van der Maesen 5306). —1. Flowering branchlet. —2, 3. Part of inflorescence. —4. Flower bud with bracteoles. —5. Flower. —6. Standard inside. —7. Wing from inside. —8. Wing from outside. —9. Keel petals. —10. Androecium. —11. Pistil. Drawn by Paul Albers. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Breteler Baphia cymosa 85 In fact, ca. 90% of the collections in WAG have contiguous pulvini. The other choice at couplet 22, “pulvini contiguous,” is worse because it leads to B. buettneri Harms and B. gossweileri Baker f., two completely different species. From B. laurifolia the new species also differs by the smaller bracteoles and by the absence of pockets in the wings and in the keel petals. Literature Cited Soladoye, M. 0. 1985. A revision of Baphia (Legu- minosae-Papilionoideae). Kew Bull. 40(2): 291-386. Novelties in the Pleurothallidinae (Orchidaceae) for the Venezuelan Flora Germ dn Carn evali Fundacion Institute) Botanico de Venezuela, Herbario Nacional de Venezuela (VEN), INPARQUES, Aptdo. 2156, Caracas 1010-A, Venezuela. Current address: Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A.; and Department of Biology, University of Missouri-St. Louis, 8001 Natural Bridge Road, St. Louis, Missouri 63121, U.S.A. Gustavo A. Romero Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, U.S.A. Abstract. Two new species, Pleurothallis phoen- icoptera and P. steinbuchiae , are described. Pleu¬ rothallis delascioi is synonymized under P. kerrii. Several other members of the Pleurothallidinae are recorded for the first time for Venezuela. During the course ol our studies on the Vene¬ zuelan orchid flora for several floristic projects, in¬ cluding the Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, the following species, previously unrecorded within the country’s boundaries, were detected. Lepanthes spelynx Luer & Escobar, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 54: 586. 1985. Among several other Lepanthes species recently collected in Andean Venezuela, this taxon is a new record for Venezuela. Specimen examined. VENEZUELA. Merida: cloud forest at La Montana study area, ca. 0.5 kin S of La Montana Teleferioo Station, 2,450 2,650 m, 26 Sep. 1987, D. L. Kelly 9100 (K, VEN). Pleurothallis archidiaconi Ames, Sched. Orch. 9: 29. 1925. TYPE: Trinidad-Tobago. Trinidad: Verdant Valley, 11 Dec. 1924, Hombersley s.n. (holotype, AMES). Pleurothallis archidiaconi Ames is widespread in the northern Amazon Basin, the Guayana High¬ lands, the Coastal Range of Venezuela, Trinidad- Tobago, and along the lower elevations of the eastern Andean foothills in Venezuela at 50-1,300(-1,500) m. Although similar to many other species in the Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae, Pleurothallis archi¬ diaconi is characterized by its shallowly cordate, Novon 4: 86 93. 1994. apically acuminate leaf, a 3-nerved dorsal sepal, 5- 7 mm long, subequal or somewhat narrower than the synsepal, relatively broad, oblong petals with serrate or denticulate margins and obtuse to acute apices. The labellum is broadly ovate to broadly ovate-oblong, convex above the middle, and the apex is obtuse to rounded. The margins of the labellum are microscopically erose. The corners at the base of the labellum are distinctly angled to either side ol the concavity, which accommodates the column foot. In some populations, the margins of the la¬ bellum are somewhat incurved in the middle part making the labellar outline pandurate in natural shape. The flower color varies from dark red in the Venezuelan Guayana and Coastal Range to yellow- brown with darker brown or reddish nerves in most other populations, including the typical one from Trinidad; all color combinations may be present in some populations. The plants are average sized for the Macrophyllae-Fasciculatae. Although collected many times, especially in Venezuela, the species has frequently been misidentified. Forms of the species with incurved labellar margins have been collected in Surinam (photographed by Werkhoven, 1986: 181, as P. monocardia Reichenbach f.) and in some areas of the Venezuelan Guayana, from where it was misidentified as Pleurothallis stenocardium Schlechter by Foldats (1970: 418). Pleurothallis stenocardium is a species from higher elevations in the Guayana Highland tepuis with smaller flowers and different perianth segments. The Venezuelan material from the Coastal Range and the Andes has been identified by Dunsterville & Garay (1959: 337) and by Foldats (1970: 345) as Pleurothallis mon¬ ocardia, a Colombian Andean species with differ- Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Carnevali & Romero Pleurothallidinae from Venezuela 87 ently proportioned flowers. The name Pleurothallis archidiaconi was mistakenly applied by these same authors to a completely unrelated Andean species (known in Venezuela from Tachira and Trujillo) with smaller yellow flowers and reflexed petals, probably Pleurothallis phyllocardioides Schlechter (C. Luer, pers. comm.). Pleurothallis omoglossa Luer, from the eastern slopes of the Andes in Ecuador, is very closely related and may prove to be conspecific. The Guyanan Pleurothallis curvifructa H. G. Jones [Bradea 1(23): 263. 1972] may also be conspecific with P. archidiaconi, judging from the scanty de¬ scription, but the type of this concept has not been available for confirmation. The material cited as Pleurothallis monocardia from French Guiana by Cremers & Hoff (1992: 66) probably also represents this species. A good picture of the flower of Pleu¬ rothallis archidiaconi was published by Kenny (1988: 29). The Surinamese and Brazilian collections cited herein are the first published records of Pleuroth¬ allis archidiaconi from these countries. Representative specimens examined. BRAZIL. Para: Rio Maicuru, 1°00'S, 54°30'W, 25-26 July 1981, Jan- goux & Ribeiro 1531 (INPA, MPEG, NY, SEL). SU¬ RINAM. Wilhelmina Mountains, 900 m, 7 July 1981, collected by R. Determann s.n., cultivated at SEL under the reference number 81-2180, flowering 1 Feb. 1982, Luer 6#/R(SEL). VENEZUELA. Bolivar: C arretera El Dorado-Santa Elena de Uairen road, Aristeguieta 3708 (YEN), km 115 S of El Dorado, ca. 800 m, 2 Aug. 1993, Carnevali et al. 3233 (MO, MY, VEN). Distrito Fed¬ eral: between Petaquire and Carayaca, 1,300-1,500 m, Steyermark & Nevling 95925 (V EN). Pleurothallis chloroleuca Lindley, Orch. Linden. 2: 1846. This species, closely related to Pleurothallis rus- cifolia (Jacquin) R. Brown, but much larger, is re¬ corded for the first time from Venezuela. Specimen examined. VENEZUELA. Tachira: cloud forest, Paramo de Tama, Dunsterville 1001 (VEN; line drawing, AMES). Distribution. Colombia (type), Ecuador, Vene¬ zuela. Pleurothallis corynetes Luer & Vasquez, Phyto- logia 46(6): 363. 1980. This species resembles Pleurothallis setigera Lindley but the apex of the labellum is clavate, echinate. Previously known only from Bolivia, it is now recorded for the first time from Venezuela. Specimen examined. VENEZUELA. Merida: Car- retera Guaraque-Tovar, 2,460 m, 7 June 1967, Trujillo & Del Castillo 8297 (MY). Distribution. Bolivia, Venezuela. Pleurothallis geographica Luer, Selbyana 3: 310. 1977. This member of subgenus Pleurothallis sect. Ma- crophyllae-Fasciculatae is characterized by elon¬ gated stems, relatively small cordate, acuminate leaves, and small flowers with a distinctive labellum with minute, irregular, branching rows of shallow verrucae with larger tuberosities toward the apex, resembling a geographic surface. It was previously known from Andean Ecuador and Colombia (C. Luer, pers. comm.), but it has been collected recently from the top of one of the Guayanan tepuis. The Andean populations of this species have somewhat larger flowers (dorsal sepal 6.5-8 mm long) with yellow sepals and petals and a red-purple labellum, whereas the Guayanan material exhibits a dorsal sepal 4- 4.5 mm long and the flowers have been described by the collectors as magenta. Specimen examined. VENEZUELA. Bolivar: Macizo del Chimanta, Apacaratepui, in clumps on rock outcrops of bluff escarpment along stream, 5°20'N, 62°12'W, ca. 2,200 m, 20 Jan. 1983, Steyermark , Huber & Carreho- hspinoza 128271 (MO, VEN). Pleurothallis kerrii Braga, Bradea 3: 172. 1981. TYPE: Brazil. Amazonas: afluente do rio Marie, 16 Oct. 1978, Madison, Braga & Kennedy (PFE 366) (holotype, INPA 85086). Pleurothallis delascioi Carnevali & I. Ramirez, Ernstia 31: 6. 1985. Syn. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Ama¬ zonas: 1-2 km SE and E of San Carlos de Rio Negro, ca. 20 km S of confluence of Rio Negro and Brazo Casiquiare, 1°56’N, 67°3'W, 120 m, 22 Apr. 1979, Liesner 6860 (holotype, VEN; isotype, MO). Pleurothallis delascioi was described from badly preserved herbarium material and was judged at that time to be different from Braga’s species. More abundant material has shown both concepts to be conspecific. Recently it was collected in Amazonian Peru, a new record for that country. All previously known collections were from dwarf forests on white sand soils, with annual precipitation of more than 3,000 mm; recently it has been documented from tropical rainforests in northern Amazonas in Ven¬ ezuela in areas with ca. 2,000-2,500 mm of pre¬ cipitation. These collections are mostly cleistoga- mous. Pleurothallis kerrii is now known from Amazonian Brazil, Peru, and Venezuela. Representative specimens studied. PERI . Loreto: l)i strito Iquitos, Maynas, km 8 carretera Quisto-Cocha, Varillal, perched forest over sand, 130 m, epiphytic with habit of Peperomia, 24 July 1984, McDaniel & Rimachi 27837 (MO). VENEZUELA. Amazonas: Departamento 88 Novon Atures, Rio Cataniapo, vie. Salto Nieves, 100 200 m, 14 nov. 1984, Romero & Beer-Romero 1431 (VEN); Cano Coromoto, ca. I km al E del Tobogan de la Selva, 100-200 m, 9 oet. 1988, Romero &• Gudnche: lb 13 (AMES, MO, TFAV, VEN). Pleurothallis macrocardia Reichenbach f., Bon- plandia 3: 72. 1855. This member of the cordate-leaved section of Pleurothallis features one of the largest flowers in the group. Originally described from Ocafia, Norte de Santander, Colombia, just across the border from Venezuela, it has recently been collected on the Venezuelan side of the Paramo de Tama. It is also recorded from Ecuador (C. Luer, pers. comm.) The Venezuelan material has translucent straw-yellow sepals, petals of the same basic color but suffused with red, and a dark red-maroon labellum. Specimen examined. VENEZUELA. Tachira: Par¬ amo de Tama, 2,400 m, 1992, leg. Carlos Garcia-Es- quivel, Carnevali 2969 (VEN). Pleurothallis phoenicoptera Carnevali & G. Romero, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: Cerro de la Piedra del Canaima, 10-12 km SE of Santa Elena de Uairen, dwarf sclerophyllous cloud forest with many epiphytes, 1,250 m, Nov. 1982, Carnevali & Pivat 1426 (holo- type, VEN). Figure 1. Species haec P. hamosa Barbosa Rodrigues sed inflo- rescentiis unifioris, floribus flavo-viridis recurvatis, sepalo dorsali linear acuto, synsepalo integro abhorret. Epiphytic herbs, creeping. Rhizome elongate, 1 - 2 cm between stems, covered by scarious sheaths. Stems 2-5 cm long, erect or subpendent, apically recurved, apical half ca. 3 mm thick, markedly compressed with the adaxial margin minutely sulcate below the junction with the leaf, narrowly rhombic- elliptic in cross section. Leaves 3-4 cm long, 2 3 cm wide, ovate or ovate-elliptic, apex obtuse, mi¬ nutely tridenticulate, blade green-purple, thickly fleshy, at an angle of 90° or more to the stem, deeply and rigidly concave. Inflorescences 1-flowered, from the base of the leaf; peduncle ca. 5 mm long; pedicel ca. 5 mm long. Flowers deeply seated in the concavity of the leaf, resupinate, ap¬ parently always cleistogamous, parallel to the leaf, fleshy. Sepals dorsally carinate, white suffused with purple within, becoming green-yellow on the fruit; dorsal sepal 5-8 mm long, 1-1.2 mm wide, linear- oblong, concave, 3-nerved, recurved in the apical third on the fruit; lateral sepals totally connate into a deeply concave synsepal 7.5-8 mm long, 4.5 5.5 mm wide, decurved apically, when forcefully flattened ovate, acute, 6-nerved. Petals 2-2.5 mm long, 0.7-1 mm wide, white, rhombic-elliptic, slight¬ ly oblique, acute, 1-nerved, basally attenuated, api¬ cal margins erose or finely denticulate. Labellum 3- 4 mm long, ca. 2 mm wide, white, lightly marked with purple on the margins, fleshy, in general outline ovate triangular, acute, margins ciliate-fimbriate, ba¬ sally broadly hinged and provided just above the hinge with a pair of oblong, truncate, retrorse lobules ca. 4 mm long; disk verruculose, provided in the basal two-thirds with two thick crests that flank a central concavity. Column 2.4-3 mm long, terete, apically shallowly two-winged, basally produced into a ca. 1-mm-long, dark purple foot. Capsules ellip¬ soid, 10-15 mm long. [Subgenus Acianthera (Schweidweiler) Luer, sect. Sicariae Lindley, sub- sect. Pectinatae Luer.] This species resembles vegetatively and florally the south Brazilian species Pleurothallis hamosa Barbosa Rodrigues. It is distinct, however, in the 1-flowered inflorescences, the linear or linear-ob¬ long, acute dorsal sepal and in the completely con¬ nate, concave synsepal. The same set of character states clearly differentiates P. phoenicoptera from the Andean P. harpophylla Reichenbach f. The flowers are apparently always cleistogamous, almost cylindric but apically recurved. Eventually all flow¬ ers develop into conspicuous capsules that are par¬ tially hidden by the deep concavity of the leaf. This is the second species of the Brazilian subsection Pectinatae to be found in the Guayana Highlands, the other being P. prolifera Herbert ex Lindley. Pleurothallis phoenicoptera grows as an epi¬ phyte in dwarf sclerophyllous cloud forests at 1,250- 1,450 m altitude where it has been collected only three times. The epithet suggests a fancied resem¬ blance of the unopened persistent perianth on top of the fully developed capsules to the head and beak of a flamingo (Phoenicopterus spp.). Paratypes. VENEZLJELA. Amazonas: Cerro Duida, Savanna Hills, 4,400 ft., Aug. 1928-Apr. 1929, Tate 823 (NY). Bolivar: Salto Toron, between Luepa and Kavanayen, 1,300 rn, Jan. 1980, Dunsterville 1411 (AMES, SEL). Pleurothallis prognatha Luer & Escobar, Orqui- deologia 16(1): 30. 1983. This unique species of subgenus Acianthera sect. Hrachystachyae Lindley was described from An¬ dean Colombia close to the Venezuelan border. Now it is documented for the first time for Venezuela. Specimens examined. VENEZUELA. Tachira: Ca- zadero, Quebrada Cazadero, 16 km NW of San Cristobal, 7°54'N, 72°18'W, 650-900 m, 4 May 1981, Liesncr Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Carnevali & Romero Pleurothallidinae from Venezuela 89 Figure 1. Pleurothallis phoenicoptera Carnevali & G. Romero (based on Carnevali & Pivat 1426, VEN). 90 Novon cY Guariglia 11794 (MO, YEN); Paramo de Tama?, cultivated and flowered by L. Ferre from Caracas, 1992, Carnevali 2972 (YEN). Pleurothallis serpens Luer & Escobar, Orquideo- logia 16(1): 31. 1983. This species of the affinity of Pleurothallis lin- denii Lindley was described from the Santander del Norte Colombian Department, just across the Ven¬ ezuelan border. It is now reported for the first time in Venezuela. Specimen examined. YENEZL ELA. Tachira: Selva nublada, faldas debajo del Paramo de Tama, cerca de la trontera con Colombia, 2,475-2,550 m, 18-20 mayo 1907, Stevermark et al. 98194 (YEN). Pleurothallis steinbuchiae Carnevali & G. Rom¬ ero, sp. nov. TYPE: Venezuela. Bolivar: Cerro Guaiquinima, originally collected by Gustavo Santana and Edith Steinbuch, Carnevali 2957 (holotype, VEN). Figure 2. Species haec P. barbulata Lindley sed planta prostrata, rhizoma repente, foliis proportione latioris, rachis elon- gatiore longioribus, petalis latioribus apice rotundatis, la- bello linear-oblongo eciliato differt. Epiphytic herbs, creeping, stems and leaves pros¬ trate or suberect. Rhizome terete, 0.5 mm thick, 1-3 mm long between stems, clothed by scarious sheaths. Stems 0.8 1 mm long, terete. Leaves 5- 8 mm long, 2.5-3.5 mm wide, elliptic to obovate- elliptic, somewhat oblique, apex minutely mucro- nate, base attenuated into a short, thick pseudo¬ petiole ca. 1 mm long, margins marginate; blade fleshy, face lightly concave, back convex, no mid¬ nerve indicated on either side. Inflorescence 8-15 mm long, a lengthening raceme of successive flowers borne from the apex of the stem; peduncle 7 11 mm long, terete, with a 1-mm-long sheath about the middle; rachis 3-4 mm long, fractiflex, 2-5(more?)- flowered; floral bracts ca. 1 mm long, elliptic. Flow¬ ers resupinate, widely opening, sepals and petals translucent maroon-pink, labellum dark maroon. Sepals convex; dorsal sepals 3.3-3.5 mm long, 1- 1.2 mm wide, 3-nerved, narrowly elliptic to narrowly lanceolate, acute; lateral sepals united into a syn- sepal 3-4 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, 4-nerved, ovate, the apical 0.2-0.5 mm free. Petals 1.3-1.6 mm long, ca. 0.7 mm wide, parallel to the column, 1 -nerved, narrowly oblong to oblong-obovate, round¬ ed, apical margins erose. Labellum 3-3.2 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide, ligulate, articulate with the base of the column, linear-oblong to oblong, apex obtuse, basal margins finely ciliate or subfimbriate, apical margins glabrous, blade convex with a longitudinal groove in the basal three-fourths flanked by two longitudinal calli that terminate in an erect bilobed projection above the base, base membranously bi¬ lobed. Column ca. 2.5 mm long, membranous, slight¬ ly arcuate, apical margins irregularly toothed; stig¬ ma ventral. [Subgenus Specklinia (Lindley) Garay sect. Muscosae Lindley.] Pleurothallis steinbuchiae belongs to a small group within section Muscosae characterized by tiny plants with very abbreviated stems and mostly ob- ovate leaves, hyaline, pink to dark maroon flowers, convex, widely spreading sepals with highly connate synsepals, erose to dentate petal apices, and usually ciliate to fimbriate labella. Close relatives of Pleu¬ rothallis steinbuchiae are P. barbulata Lindley, P. minima C. Schweinfurth, and P. abjecta Ames. Pleurothallis steinbuchiae is easily distinguished from these three species by the creeping rhizome and prostrate leaves, by the apically rounded petals, and the eciliate apical half of the labellum. The following key summarizes the differences be¬ tween the species of this complex that occur in the Venezuelan Guavana: la. Rhizome elongate, plants shortly creeping; leaves prostrate or ascending; petals apically rounded; labellum glabrous except for some subfimbriate, short hairs near base . P. steinbuchiae lb. Rhizome abbreviated, plants caespitose; leaves erect; petals acute to acuminate; labellum mar¬ ginally ciliate throughout. 2a. Rachis short but conspicuous; flowers not emerging from a cuplike bract at the top of the peduncle; clinandrium deeply tri- lobed; synsepal concave, only slightly re¬ flexed in natural position . P. minima 2b. Rachis very abbreviated, all flowers emerg¬ ing from a cuplike bract at the top of the peduncle; clinandrium irregularly dentate; synsepal reflexed in natural position .... . P. barbulata Dunsterville Dunsterville 16 was based on an immature flower bud, which may explain the floral differences when compared to the type specimen. The species is named after Edith Steinbuch of Ga- racas, V enezuela, who participated in the collection of the type specimen and is one of the most knowl¬ edgeable and enthusiastic orchid amateurs in Ven¬ ezuela. Paratype. VENEZUELA. Bolivar: W margin of "False Falls” tributary of Rio Churun, ca. 1,600 ft., Sep. 1966, Dunsterville & Dunsterville It) (AMES). Restrepia striata Rolfe, Gard. Chron. ser. 3, 9: 137. 1891. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Carnevali & Romero Pleurothallidinae from Venezuela 91 92 Novon This showy species is characterized by the con¬ spicuously papillate labellum and large flowers. Here it is recorded for the first time from Venezuela. It was previously known from Colombia. Specimen examined. VENEZUELA. Tachira: Par¬ amo de Tama, 2,400 m, 1992, leg. Carlos Garcia-Es- quivel, Carnevali 2971 (VEN); northern side of the pass N of Las Delicias, 1,900 m, collected by R. Mejia, Duns- lerville <£: Dunsterville 1215 (AMES). Stelis pygmaea Cogniaux, Urb. Symb. Ant. 6: 390. 1909. Venezuelan material of this little species has been previously misidentified as Stelis trichorrhachis Reichenbach f., a much larger and differently pro¬ portioned taxon from the eastern Andes. The species is easy to recognize among Guayanan Stelis because of its small vegetative size and well developed stems; the flowers are pale green or greenish yellow, always cleistogamous. Stelis pygmaea occurs in cloud for¬ ests at elevations of 800-1,500 m, where it can be locally common. Good illustrations of this species are found in Dunsterville & Garay (1966: 323, as Stelis trichorrachis, plant and flower) and in Garay (1979: 228, flower). The distribution of Stelis pyg¬ maea fits the pattern found for several other pleu- rothallids that are only known from northeastern and Guayanan Venezuela, and the West Indies (Car¬ nevali & Ramirez, 1993). Examples of this distri¬ butional pattern are Brachionidium parvum Cog¬ niaux, Lepanthes dussii Urban, and this Stelis. In other cases, the closest relatives of a Guayanan species are Antillean taxa. Examples are Lepanthes marahuacensis Carnevali & I. Ramirez and L. un¬ it rinervis Carnevali & I. Ramirez, both of which are closely related to the West Indian complex of species around L. dussii. Representative specimens studied. VENEZUELA. Bolivar: La Escalera, km 115 S of El Dorado, ca. 800 m, 15 Aug. 1987, Carnevali <£- I. Ramirez 3133 (V EN), 2 Aug. 1993, Carnevali et al. 3232 (MO, NY, VEN). Falcon: Sierra de San Luis, 1,200 1,400 m, 9 Aug. 1993, Carnevali et al. 3285 (MO, VEN). Miranda: Los Guayabitos, 1,200-1,500 m, June 1955, Dunsterville <£■ Dunsterville 282 (AMES, VEN; tbe plate mistakenly published as #283 in Ven. Orch. III. 4: 321. 1966). Trichosalpinx egleri (Pabst) Luer, Phytologia 54: 395. 1983. Pleurothallis egleri Pabst, Ann. XIV Congr. Bot. Bras.: 14. 1964. Most of the Guayanan collections previously at¬ tributed by Foldats (1970: 218-219) to Pleuroth¬ allis blaisdelli S. Watson [= Trichosalpinx blais- delli (S. Watson) Luer] have proven to represent this species described from Amazonian Brazil, and as such they represent a new record for the Ven¬ ezuelan orchid flora. The true T. blaisdelli is re¬ stricted to Central America. Trichosalpinx egleri is also known from Guyana and Surinam. The plant pictured by Werkhoven (1986: 188) as Pleuroth¬ allis ciliaris (Lindley) L. 0. Williams [= Trichos¬ alpinx ciliaris (Lindley) Luer] is Trichosalpinx egleri. Both the illustration published as Pleuroth¬ allis blaisdelli by Dunsterville & Garay (1976: 329) and the plant pictured as Pleurothallis mentor Rei¬ chenbach f. [= Trichosalpinx mentor (Reichenbach f.) Luer] by Werkhoven (1986: 202) are Trichos¬ alpinx dependens (Luer) Luer. Specimens examined. VENEZUELA. Delta Ama- curo: Rio Cuyubini, Cerro La Paloma, Sierra Imataca, 100-200 m, 18 Nov. 1960, Steyermark 87660 (NY). Bolivar: Sierra Imataca, Rio Toro (Rio Grande), between Rio La Reforma and Puerto Rico, N of F.1 Palmar, 200- 250 m, 14 Dec. 1960, Steyermark 88072 (NY, VEN); cloud forest on Cerro El Picacho, N of Las Nieves, 45 km E of Tumeremo, Altiplanicie de Nuria, 600-650 m, 5-6 Feb. 1961, Steyermark 89215 (NY). Acknowledgments. Carlyle A. Luer kindly al¬ lowed us the use of his unpublished plates of Pleu¬ rothallis phoenicoptera and P. steinbuchiae and confirmed several of the determinations. He also provided important discussion and information; his input is gratefully acknowledged. The curators of MO, NY, SEL, and VEN kindly made their speci¬ mens available for study. Part of the research lead¬ ing to this publication was conducted while the senior author was a visiting scientist at the Marie Selby Botanical Gardens. The Department of Graduate Students at the Missouri Botanical Garden provided financial support toward this publication. We are grateful to Gustavo A. Santana and Edith Steinbuch for carefully pickling orchid material on their col¬ lecting trip to Cerro Guaiquinima, including the type of Pleurothallis steinbuchiae. Literature Cited Carnevali, G. & I. Ramirez. 1993. New or noteworthy orchids for the V enezuelan Flora. IX: New taxa, new records, and nomenclatural changes, mainly from the Guiana Shield and northern Amazonas. Novon 3: 102-125. Cremers, G. & M. Hoff. 1992. Inventaire taxonomique des plantes de la Guyane Fran^aise (second partie: Les Orchidacees). Collection Patrimonies Naturels 7. Museum National D'Histoire Naturelle, Paris. Dunsterville, G. C. K. & L. Garay. 1959. Venezuelan Orchids Illustrated 1. Andre Deutsch, London. - & -. 1966. Venezuelan Orchids Illus¬ trated 4. Andre Deutsch, London. - & -. 1976. Venezuelan Orchids Illus¬ trated 6. Andre Deutsch, London. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Carnevali & Romero Pleurothallidinae from Venezuela 93 Foldats, E. 1970. Pleurothallis. Pp. 173-453 in Flora de Venezuela 15(2). Garay, L. A. 1979. Systematics of the genus Stelis Sw. Bot. Mus. Lead. 27: 167-259. Kenny, J. 1988. Native Orchids of the Eastern Carib¬ bean. MacMillan Caribbean, London. Luer, C. A. 1976. Miscellaneous species of Pleuroth¬ allis. Selbyana 3(1-2): 38-202. Werkhoven, M. C. M. 1986. Orchideen van Suriname. Orchids from Suriname. VACO, Paramaribo. Hemerocallis hongdoensis (Liliaceae): A New Species from Korea Myong Gi Chung and Soon Suk Kang Department of Biology, Gyeongsang National University, Chinju 660-701, The Republic of Korea Abstract. Hemerocallis hongdoensis, a new spe¬ cies of section Fulvae, is described. Hemerocallis hongdoensis occurs in rocky and humus soil on talus slopes or rocky cliffs on remote islands off the southwestern coast of Korea. Hemerocallis hong¬ doensis is most closely related to //. aurantiaca but differs from this species by its underground parts lacking a rhizome, deciduous leaves, ovate-lanceo¬ late bracts below inflorescences which are 1.2-3.5 cm long, dichotomous or trichotomous inflores¬ cences which are 3-9 cm long, stout perianth tube (2.4-3.2 cm x 5.5-6.0 mm), orange-yellow peri¬ anth lacking a red tinge, and a different flowering period. Hemerocallis L. is an economically important genus of approximately 30 species restricted mainly to eastern Asia (Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966). Hem¬ erocallis has been placed in the Liliaceae (Cronquist, 1981; Hutchinson, 1964) or Hemerocallidaceae (Dahlgren et ah, 1985). Matsuoka & Hotta (1966) and Hotta (1986) pointed out that the major diffi¬ culty with the classification of Hemerocallis lies in the uncertainty regarding criteria for delimiting the species. The taxonomic difficulties have been attrib¬ uted to the relatively small number of diagnostic characters. Many species (e.g., //. aurantiaca Ba¬ ker, H. ftava L., //. fulva L., and //. thunbergii Baker) were described on the basis of cultivars with unknown origins (Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966), and with the additional problems of extreme difference in appearance between living plants and dried her¬ barium specimens (i.e., floral morphology and color of perianth), missing label data on dried herbarium specimens (i.e., flowering time and odor) (Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966), and possible widespread hybrid¬ ization (Kitamura et al., 1986). For these reasons, the treatment of species within Hemerocallis has varied depending on the authors. For example, Mat¬ suoka & Hotta (1966) and Hotta (1986) treated H. littorea Makino as a variety under H. fulva, while Kitamura et al. (1986) treated the taxon as a variety under H. aurantiaca. Matsuoka & Hotta (1966) also noted that Bailey (1930), Nakai (1932), and Stout (1941) did not consider the variability of natural populations when developing their classifi¬ cations. Based on the literature for Hemerocallis (e.g., Bailey, 1930; Nakai, 1932; Stout, 1941; Ohwi, 1965; Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966; Hotta, 1986; Ki¬ tamura et al., 1986), the Japanese Hemerocallis are relatively well known with respect to their geo¬ graphical and ecological distribution. On the other hand, the daylilies native to Korea are not well understood taxonomically. In 1988, 1991, 1992, and 1993, we conducted field trips to collect daylilies from natural populations in Korea in order to better understand the variation of morphological charac¬ ters and geographical and ecological distribution. In 1988 and 1993, while visiting the remote islands of Hong, Sohuksan, and Taehuksan off the south¬ western coast of Korea, we encountered a morpho¬ logically distinct group of Hemerocallis populations not referable to any described species. In the her¬ baria at Seoul National University (SNU) and Tokyo University (TI), which we visited, there were two undetermined specimens of this group collected by Ishidoya and T. Chung (TI). This series of popula¬ tions is a new species as described below, and is named after the type locality, Hong Island. Hemerocallis (sect. Fulvae Nakai em.) hong¬ doensis M. Chung & S. Kang, sp. nov. TYPE: Korea. Chollanam Do, Shinan Gun, Huksan Myeon, Hong Island, Hongdo-l-gu, among rocky and humus soil on E-facing talus slope, open area, ca. 30 m, 16 Aug. 1993, M. G. Chung & S. S. Kang 2028 (holotype, GNUC; isotypes, GA, GNUC, MO, SNU, TI). Figure 1. Radices perennes, tuberoso-inflatae, fuscae; folia visidi- flava radicaria districa complanata vel striata, arcuato- deflexa, 60 100 cm longa, 1.7-3.0 cm lata; scapi erecti robustiusculi, 60-76 cm longi, 5 8 mm crassi, plerumque cum 1-2 ovata-lanceolatae bracteae. Inflorescentia di- chotoma vel trichotoma, 5-17(-25)-floris 3-9 cm longi; pedicelli 1 cm longi 4 mm crassi; flores ascendentes; periantha aurantiaca-flava infundibularia 10.4-14.2 cm longa tenuiter succulentus; tubus crassus ca. 2.4-3.2 cm longi 5.5-6.0 mm crassis dilutus viridi-aurantiacus; lobi interiores 8-11 cm longi, 2.7-3.4 cm lati, margine in¬ teger, lobi exteriores lanceolati apice naviculato-acuti, 7.8 10.5 cm longi 1.3-1.7 cm lati. Capsula oblongus-ovalis, apice emarginati, pagina verruciformis, 2.5-4.1 cm longa 1.7-2.5 cm lata; semina nigra lucidula ca. 7 mm longa 5 mm lata. Novon 4: 94 97. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Chung & Kang Hemerocallis hongdoensis 95 Figure 1. A-E Hemerocallis hongdoensis M. Chung & S. Kang. —A. Flowers on the erect scape. B. Vertical section of flower. —C. Fruits on the erect scape. — D. Seeds. — E. Root system. Drawing by the senior author based on the holotype when fresh. 96 Novon Herbaceous perennials. Roots fusiform-tuberous, 2.5-3.5 cm long, 1 cm wide, brown with gray tint. Leaves rather thick, 60-100 cm long, 1.7-3.0 cm wide, smooth, surface flat or striated glaucous, greenish yellow. Scapes erect, robust, 60-76 cm long, nearly as long as or shorter than leaves, some¬ what thickened, ca. 5 8 mm wide at the base, usu¬ ally with 1-2 ovate-lanceolate bracts below the in¬ florescence, 1.2-3.5(-8.0) cm long, 10 mm wide. Inflorescence dichotomous or trichotomous with the same emergent degree, with 5-17(-25) flowers, 3 9 cm long, pedicels 1 cm long, 4 mm wide, usually longer than the subtending bracts; bracts ovate, greenish, membranous on margin. Perianth (when fresh) orange-yellow lacking red tinge, tubular-fun- nelform, 10.4-14.2 cm long; tube stout, ca. 2.4- 3.2 cm long, 5.5-6.0 mm wide, green with orange tint; throat orange-yellow, inner perianth lobes 8- 11 cm long, 2.7-3.4 cm wide, outer perianth lobes 7.810.5 cm long, 1.3-1.7 cm wide. Stamens 4- 5 cm long, inserted; filament orange-yellow, at¬ tached to the base of the perianth tube; anthers ca. 7 mm long, dark brown with purple tint. Style fili¬ form, ca. 9.7 cm long, exserted beyond the stamens; stigma small, capitate, moist. Capsule somewhat large, 2.5-4.1 cm long, 1.7-2.5 cm wide, usually oblong-oval, rarely roundish, cross-wrinkled when dried, surface usually covered with wartlike projec¬ tions, apex emarginate; seeds shining black, ovoid, angled below, 7 mm long, 5 mm wide. Flowering from late July to August in Korea; fruiting and maturing seed in September. Because a number of morphological characters found in Hemerocallis hongdoensis are shared with synthetic characters of section Fulvae (Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966) (e.g., diurnal flowering, orange-yellow perianth, scape with 1-3 scattered bracts, 1-3 di- chotomously branched inflorescences, and partly in¬ flated roots), the new species is placed in this section. Hemerocallis hongdoensis is distinct from other species of Hemerocallis by the highly swollen roots lacking a rhizome; deciduous leaves; thick erect scape with ovate-lanceolate bracts (1.2-3.5(-8.0) cm long) below the inflorescence; short (3-9 cm), robust, dichotomous or trichotomous inflorescences; stout perianth tube (ca. 2.4-3.2 cm long, 5.5 6.0 mm wide); perianth lobes obovate with round tip and entire margins; and large-sized fruits (2.5-4.1 cm long, 1.7-2.5 cm wide) usually with wartlike projections. Hemerocallis hongdoensis grows on rocky cliff- grassland with Hosta yingeri S. B. Jones and other herbaceous perennials, at 3-80 m above sea level. The new species has been presumably misidentified and assigned to the H. littorea Makino complex by Korean botanists because of its stout scapes, di- chotomously branched inflorescences, relatively large flowers, and coastal habitats (Lee, 1985; M. Kim, pers. comm.). Hemerocallis littorea, which mostly grows in the coastal areas of western Honshu and southern Kyushu of Japan, is distinct from H. hong¬ doensis by having a well-developed rhizome, ever¬ green leaves, orange-yellow perianth with a red tinge, and a different flowering period, i.e., September to October versus late July to August for //. hong¬ doensis (in Korea) (Matsuoka & Hotta, 1966; Hot¬ ta, 1986). Hemerocallis hongdoensis appears to be more closely related to H. aurantiaca because of its short inflorescence and the size of its perianth lobes. It differs from this species by the underground parts lacking a rhizome, deciduous leaves, orange-yellow perianth color lacking a red tinge, dichotomous or trichotomous inflorescences, 1-2 ovate-lanceolate bracts below the inflorescence which are 1.2-3.5 cm long, and a different flowering period. Hemer¬ ocallis aurantiaca flowers in May to July and is endemic to the western islands of Kyushu, Japan (Ohwi, 1965). Hemerocallis hakuunensis Nakai is different from H. hongdoensis in having relatively small-sized fu¬ siform-tuberous roots each 1.5-2.0 cm long, usually (l-)2-3(-4)-branched inflorescences which are 5- 22 cm long, perianths 6.3-12.3 cm long, inner perianth lobes 1.5-2.7 cm wide, and fruits 2.0-2.3 cm long, 1.1 1.5 cm wide (Chung et al., in press). Hemerocallis hakuunensis flowers from mid June to July (August in the mountainous areas) and is endemic to southern, central, and northwestern Ko¬ rea including Kojae, Namhae, Komun, Bogil, Chin, Anmyeon, and Kangwha Islands (Chung et ah, in press). Korean name. Hongdo-wonch’uri. Paratypes. KOREA. Chollanam Do, Shinan Gun, Huk- san Myeon, Taehuksan Island, on Munam hillside near ocean, 24 Aug. 1919, Ishidoya & T. Chung 3375, 3390 (TI); Yeri-l-gu, in open area of grassland on rocky cliff near ocean, 15 Aug. 1993, M. G. Chung & S. S. Kang 2024 (GA, GNUC, MO, TI). Acknowledgments. We thank Soon Lazaro for correcting the Latin description and Junko Noguchi for discussions on the classification of Hemerocallis. Special thanks go to Sun Gi Chung, Duk Seo Gu, and Ou Kun Chin for their company on field trips. We are also grateful to the directors and staffs of the National Parks of Korea for permission to collect samples from Hallasan, Hanryohaesang, Sobaeksan, Sokrisan, and Tadohaesang National Parks, and Hong Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Chung & Kang Hemerocallis hongdoensis 97 and Cheju Islands. We especially thank the her¬ barium directors and curators of GA, KYO, MO, SNU, and TI. This research was supported in part by a National Science Foundation Dissertation Im¬ provement Grant (BSR-8914430) to MGC, a Non Directed Research Fund, from the Korea Research Foundation, 1992, to MGC, and a Korea Science and Engineering Foundation Grant (931-0500-031- 2) to MGC. Literature Cited Bailey, L. 1930. Hemerocallis: The day-lilies. Genetes Herb. 2: 143-156. Chung, M. G., H. G. Chung & S. S. Kang. Distribution and morphometric analysis of Hemerocallis haku- unensis and H. thunbergii. Korean J. PI. Taxon. 23: (in press). [In Korean.] Cronquist, A. 1981. An Integrated System of Classifi¬ cation of Flowering Plants. Columbia Univ. Press, New York. Dahlgren, R. M. T„ H. T. Clifford & P. F. Yeo. 1985. The Families of the Monocotyledons. Springer-Ver- lag, Berlin. Hotta, M. 1986. Hemerocallis aurantiaca group in northern Kyushu, Japan. Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 37: 17-21. [In Japanese.] Hutchinson, J. 1964. The Families of Flowering Plants, Vol. 2. Monocotyledons. Clarendon Press, Oxford. Kitamura, S., G. Murata & T. Koyama. 1986. Colored Illustrations of Herbaceous Plants of Japan (Mono- cotyledoneae). Hoikusha Publ., Osaka, Japan. [In Japanese.] Lee, T. 1985. Illustrated Flora of Korea. Hyangmunsa, Seoul. [In Korean.] Matsuoka, M. & M. Hotta. 1966. Classification of Hemerocallis in Japan and its vicinity. Acta Phy¬ totax. Geobot. 22: 25-43. [In Japanese.] Nakai, T. 1932. Hemerocallis Japonica. Bot. Mag. Tokyo 46: 111-123. Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C. Stout, A. B. 1941. Memorandum on a monograph of the genus Hemerocallis. Herbertia 8: 67-71. Lectotipificacion y Nuevo Estatus de Desmodium orinocense (Fabaceae: Faboideae) Nidia L. Cuello A. Herbario Universitario (PORT), Programa de Recursos Naturales Renovables, UNELLEZ, Mesa de Cavacas, Edo. Portuguesa, Venezuela 3323 Resumen. Desmodium adscendens (Swartz) DC. var. orinocense DC. se ha elevado a nivel de especie como D. orinocense (DC.) Cuello, y se le ha desig- nado un lectotipo. ABSTRACT. Desmodium adscendens (Swartz) DC. var. orinocense DC. is elevated to species level as Desmodium orinocense (DC.) Cuello, and a lecto- type is designated. Durante la preparacion del tratamiento de Des¬ modium Desvaux para la Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana se observaron diferencias morfologicas no¬ tables entre Desmodium adscendens (Swartz) DC. var. adscendens y D. adscendens var. orinocense DC., las cuales ameritan un cambio de estatus de la variedad orinocense al nivel de especie. El estudio de las descripciones y publicaciones relacionadas a estos dos taxa permitio detectar un error nomen- clatural y la ausencia de material tipo para D. ori¬ nocense. Humboldt, Bonpland, y Kunth (1824: 520, t. 597) publicaron una descripcion e ilustracion de un especimen coleccionado al lado del Rio Orinoco (Venezuela) identificado erroneamente como Hedy- sarum adscendens Swartz y sin la citacion de ex- siccata. Posteriormente, De Candolle (1825: 332), com- bino Hedysarum adscendens con Desmodium ads¬ cendens y reconocio dos variedades de esta especie; una de ellas, la variedad orinocense, la cual es basada en la misma descripcion e ilustracion de //. adscendens por Humboldt, Bonpland, y Kunth (1824), pero tampoco designo material tipo. De esto se origino tambien una confusion en la citacion de los autores para este taxon, observandose en algunas publicaciones (Ohashi, 1973) como D. adscendens var. orinocense (HBK) DC. Schindler (1927), basandose en colecciones de Venezuela del Rio Orinoco (Humboldt s.n.) y de Maypure (Spruce 3569) [sin herbarios citadosj, ele- vo Desmodium adscendens var. orinocense DC. a nivel de especie, describiendola como una nueva especie en el genero Nicolsonia DC., /V. orinocensis (DC.) Schindler. Este autor tampoco designo ni ubico material tipo de esta especie. Esta combination de Schindler (1927) pasa a la sinonimia ya que se considera Nicolsonia como un sinonimo de Des¬ modium (Ohashi, 1973). En conformidad con el Art. 7.5 del Codigo (Greuter et al., 1988) se designa como lectotipo a la ilustracion (t. 597) de Humboldt, Bonpland, y Kunth (1823), por ser la primera re¬ ferenda a esta especie y por la alta calidad y detalles que representa. Desmodium orinocense (DC.) Cuello, stat. nov. Basonimo: Desmodium adscendens (Swartz) DC. var. orinocense DC., Prodr. 2: 332. 1825. Lectotipo: Humboldt, Bonpland & Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. 6: t. 597. 1824 (Hedysarum ads¬ cendens HBK, non Swartz). Nicolsonia orinocensis (DC.) Schindler, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni \ eg. 23: 358. 1927. Desmodium orinocense se reconoce principal- mente por presentar hojas unifolioladas y trifolio- ladas en el mismo individuo, los foliolos con el apice redondeado hasta emarginado y la base subcordada, los lomentos esparcidamente pilosos hasta glabres- centes con venacion reticulada prominente, los ist- mos 2 2.5(-3) mm de ancho, los pedicelos reflexos en la madurez, y por encontrarse frecuentemente sobre afloramientos graniticos (lajas) en la Amazonia Colombo-venezolana. Por los caracteres antes men- cionados, D. orinocense se diferencia de D. ads¬ cendens, la cual presenta hojas todas trifolioladas, los foliolos con el apice obtuso hasta redondeado pero no emarginado y la base obtusa o redondeada, los lomentos densamente pilosos con venacion no prominente, los istmos 1-1.5 mm de ancho, los pedicelos usualmente erectos en la madurez, y por encontrarse en otras areas de amplia distribucion en los tropicos de Asia, Melanesia, Africa, y Ame¬ rica. Agradecimientos. Se agradece a Bruce Holst, Gerardo Aymard, y Rupert Barneby por la ayuda y orientacion en la elaboracion de este articulo; a Paul Berry y Roy Gereau por la revision del ma- Novon 4: 98-99. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Cuello Desmodium orinocense 99 nuscrito; y a Bernice Schubert por su ayuda y arna- ble atencion durante mi visita a Harvard. Literatura Citada De Candolle, A. P. 1825. Prodromus Systerriatis Na- turalis Regni Vegetabilis, 2. Treuttel & Wiirtz, Paris. Greuter, W., H. M. Burdet, W. G. Chaloner, V. Demoulin, R. Grolle, D. L. Hawksworth, D. H. Nicholson, P. C. Silva, F. A. Stafleu, E. G. Voss & J. McNeill. 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomencla¬ ture. Regnurn Veg. 118. Humboldt, A., A. Bonpland & S. Kunth. 1823-1824. Nova Genera et Species Plantarum. 6 (ed. cuarta). Lutetiae Parisiorum, Paris. Ohashi, H. 1973. The Asiatic species of Desmodium and its allied genera (Leguminosae). Ginkgoana 1: 1-318, pi., 1-76. Schindler, A. K. 1927. Desmodii generumque affinium species et combinationes novae. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 23: 353-362. Pavonia serrana (Malvaceae), a New Species from the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil Gerleni Lopes Esteves Instituto de Botanies de Sao Paulo, CP 4005 01061-970, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil ABSTRACT. A new species of Malvaceae, Pavonia serrana G. L. Esteves, is described and illustrated. This species is known only from the Serra da Can- astra. Municipality of Botumirim, State of Minas Gerais, Brazil. It is closely related to P. grazielae Krapovickas, also from that state. The affinities of the two taxa are discussed. the genus Pavonia Cavanilles includes more than 250 species. In the New World, these species range from the southern United States, through Central America and the Caribbean to South America, where more than half the species occur. The genus also is well represented in the Old World, particularly in Africa (Fryxell, 1979). Pavonia is placed in the tribe Malvavisceae K. Presl, which is represented in Brazil by the genera Malvaviscus Fabricius, Urena L., Malachra L., Peltaea (Presl) Standley, and Phragmocarpidium Krapovickas. It may be distinguished from these by a set of characters: the absence of leaf nectaries, petals without auricles, mericarps without glochids, and the presence of an epicalyx with bracteoles that are not differentiated, morphologically or anatomi¬ cally, into base and blade. Study of this new species forms a part of the author s doctoral thesis on the species of Pavonia of northeastern and southeastern Brazil. This work is ongoing at the Instituto de Biociencias of the Universidade de Sao Paulo, under the supervision of Ana Maria Giulietti. Pavonia serrana G. L. Esteves, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Botumirim, na saida da cidade, em dire£ao a Cachoeira da Noruega, 15 June 1991, R. Mello-Silva et al. 518 (ho- lotype, SPF; isotypes, SP, CTES). Figure 1. Frutex 1.5-2 m altus. Indumentum densuin, tomen- toso-villosum, pilis stellatis longi 5 12 ramosis, pilis glan- duliferis sparsis intermixtis compositum. Flores 2.9-4.5 cm longis; epicalyci bracteolae 4-6, orbiculares vel late ovatae, 2.4-3.5 cm longae, 1.5-3.0 cm latae, acutae vel obtusae, basi rotundatae vel profunde cordatae, 9-11 nervatae, marginibus integris pilis stellatis. Carpellum ovo- ideum, reticulatum, non aristatum, dehiscens. Semina lae- via. Shrub 1.5 2 m tall. Indument tomentose to vil¬ lous, extremely dense and thick, composed of stellate pedunculate trichomes with 5-12 arms mixed with sparse glandular trichomes. Branches glabrescent at the base, wine-colored. Leaf blades 4.5-13.5 cm long, 5.8-11.5 cm wide, broadly ovate to subor- bicular, frequently subtrilobate, acute at the apex, deeply cordate at the base, margins slightly serrate or entire, basal nerves 9-11; discolorous, the adaxial surface wine-colored to blackish, glabrescent, the abaxial surface densely velutinous with yellowish indument; petioles (2.2-)3.5-7 cm long; stipules linear-subulate. Flowers solitary, axillary, grouped at the ends of the branches where the leaves are fewer in number; pedicels slightly articulated 10- 15 mm below the calyx; bracteoles of the epicalyx 4 6, 2.4-3.5 cm long, 1.5-3 cm broad, orbicular to broadly ovate, acute to obtuse at the apex, round¬ ed to deeply cordate at the base, longitudinal nerves 9-11, margins entire, with stellate trichomes; calyx 1.8-2 cm in length, tubular to cup-shaped, shortly lobed; petals 2.9-4.5 cm long, 0.75-1.5 cm broad, narrowly obovate, yellow to red with yellow to red nerves, unguiculate, the claws adnate to the base of the staminal tube; staminal tube 3-4.2 cm long, twisted, 5-toothed at the apex, anthers 45-65, the filaments partly free at the distal end of the tube; styles 3.2-4.5 cm long. Mericarps trigonous, ovoid, venation reticulate, prominent except at points of contact, dehiscent; seeds smooth. Pavonia serrana is characterized principally by the indument, which varies from tomentose to villous and is extremely dense and thick. It is composed of stellate pedunculate trichomes, with 5 to 12 arms, mixed with sparse glandular trichomes. Also dis¬ tinctive is the epicalyx, formed by 4 to 6 orbiculate or broadly ovate bracteoles with 9 to 1 1 longitudinal nerves and margins entire, with stellate trichomes. Pavonia serrana is so far known only from col¬ lections made in the Serra da Canastra, near Bo¬ tumirim (northern Minas Gerais). In this region there are numerous populations in the cerrados at the foot of the serra, and rather fewer occurrences on the stony slopes higher up. The species belongs to the group formed by Pa- Novon 4: 100-102. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Esteves Pavonia serrana 101 views. —M. Seed. vonia malvaviscoides St. Hilaire, P. viscosa St. Hilaire, P. aschersoniana Guerke, and P. grazielae Krapovickas. The group is characterized by the leaves, which are ovate to orbiculate and discolorous; by the tubular flowers, generally pendent and yellow to red in color; and by the non-aristate mericarps, with prominent reticulate veins and smooth seeds. This group of species is endemic to forests and open stony habitats on mountains in the Espinhat^o Range, State of Minas Gerais (Guerke, 1892; Kra¬ povickas, 1978; Esteves, 1986). Pavonia serrana is most closely related to P. grazielae Krapovickas, particularly in the number and form of the bracts of the epicalyx; it differs, 102 Novon TABLE 1. Morphological comparison of Pavonia grazielae Krapovickas and P. serrana G. L. Esteves. P. grazielae P. serrana Stem indument pubescent, mostly sparsely glandu¬ lar trichomes tomentose-villous, mostly stellate, forming a dense thick layer Leaf length (cm) 4-10.5 4.5-13.5 Leaf width (cm) 3-7.5(-9.6) 5.8-11.5 Leaf margin serrate to crenate slightly serrate or smooth Orientation of leaves hanging spreading Petal length (cm) 2.5-3.8 2.9-4.5 Number of bracteoles 4-7 4-6 Bracteole length (cm) 1.6-2.7 2.4-3.5 Bracteole width (cm) 0.9-1.7 1.5-3 Bracteole shape always ovate orbiculate to broadly ovate Number of nerves 7-9 9 11 Bracteole margins entire, stellate, glandular and sparse simple trichomes entire, stellate trichomes Calyx trichomes glandular, simple and stellate glandular and stellate however, principally in the indument, the leaves, and the flowers (see Table 1). Paratype. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Botumirim. Tin- oco, proximo a estrada para Itacambira, 15 June 1991, H. Mello-Silva el al. 500 (SP, SPF, CTES). Literature Cited Esteves, G. L. 1986. A Ordem Malvales na Serra do Cipo, Minas Gerais, Brasil. Dissertagao de mestrado, Universidade de Sao Paulo. Fryxell, P. 1979. Una revision del genero Pavonia en Mexico. Bob Soc. Bot. Mexico 38: 7-34. Guerke, M. 1892. Malvaceae II. In: C. F. P. Martius (editor), Flora Brasiliensis 12(3): 458-598, tabs. 8 I 114. Krapovickas, A. 1978. Una nueva especie de Pavonia (Malvaceae) del estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Re¬ vista Brasil. Bot. 1: 89-91. New Taxa and Combinations in Chinese Primulaceae Hu Chi-ming South China Institute of Botany, Academia Sinica, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China 510650 Abstract. Two new taxa, Lysimachia tsaii and L. henryi var. guizhouensis, are described, and three new combinations, L. kwangtungensis (Han- del-Mazzetti) C. M. Hu, Primula tardiflora (C. M. Hu) C. M. Hu, and P. melanantha (Franchet) C. M. Hu, are proposed. The following new taxa and nomenclatural ad¬ justments are herein presented in order to make the names available for the forthcoming volume 15 of the Flora of China. Lysimachia tsaii C. M. Hu, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Langping Xian, in ravines, alt. 2,800 m, H. T. Tsai 56213 (holotype, A). Herba perennis 30-50 cm alta. Caulis erectus, obtuse quadrangularis, superne saepe ramosus et glandulosus. Folia subopposita, lanceolata vel lineari-lanceolata, 2.5- 7 cm longa, 0.3— 1.4( —1.8) cm lata, glabra, secus mar- ginem glanduloso-punctata et striolata, basi cuneato-at- tenuata, margine crispo-undulata, apice caudato-acumi- nata, nervis lateralibus 5 vel 6 paribus; petiolus ca. 5 mm longus. Inflorescentia racemosa, terminalis, 3-8 cm longa; bracteae subulato-lanceolatae pedicelis aequantes vel pau- lo superantes. Pedicelli 2.5-3.5 mm, glandulosi. Calyx ca. 5 mm longus, fere ad basin in lobos lineari-lanceolatos lineis duabus glandulosis fuscis obsitos fissus. Corolla rosea, 7.5-8.5 mm longa, tubo ca. 2 mm longo, lobis oblongo- lanceolatis, 3-3.2 mm latis, saepe glanduloso-striatis. Sta¬ mina corollam aequantia vel paulo superantia, filamentia basi loborum corollae adnata; antherae ellipticae, ca. 1 mm longae. Ovarium glabrum; stylus ca. 7 mm longus. Capsula globosa, ca. 2.5 mm diametro, brunnea. Perennial herbs, 30 50 cm high. Stems erect, obtusely quadrangular, often branched and glan¬ dular above. Leaves subopposite, lanceolate to lin¬ ear-lanceolate, 2.5-7 cm long, 0.3-1.4(-1.8) cm wide, glabrous, green adaxially, paler abaxially, glandular punctate and striolate along margin, base cuneate-attenuate, margin crisped-undulate, apex caudate-acuminate; lateral veins 5 or 6 pairs, mid¬ vein elevated abaxially; petiole ca. 5 mm long, nar¬ rowly margined. Inflorescence terminal racemes 3- 8 cm long; bracts subulate-lanceolate, as long as to slightly longer than pedicel. Pedicels 2.5-3.5 mm long, to 5 mm in fruit, glandular. Calyx ca. 5 mm long, divided to base into linear-lanceolate lobes with dark brown lines. Corolla rose, 7.5-8.5 mm long. tube ca. 2 mm long; lobes oblong-lanceolate, 3-3.2 mm wide, often glandular striate, apex rounded, sinus ± obtuse. Stamens as long as corolla or slightly longer; filaments adnate to base of corolla lobes, free part glabrous; anthers elliptic, ca. 1 mm long. Ovary glabrous. Style ca. 7 mm long. Capsule globose, brown, ca. 2.5 mm diam. Lysimachia tsaii is distinguished from the related L. taliensis Bonati by its subopposite leaves with crisped-undulate margin and glandular striate co¬ rolla lobes. The latter, which is also endemic to Yunnan, has entire leaves in whorls of 3 or 4, but opposite on branches, and eglandular corollas. Paratypes. CHINA. Yunnan: Longping Xian, by stream, alt. 3,000 m, H. T. Tsai 53797 (IBSC), II. T. Tsai 57549 (IBSC). Lysimachia henryi var. guizhouensis C. M. Hu, var. nov. TYPE: China. Guizhou: Jingkou Xian, Tongkuangchang, river flood plain and adjacent mixed deciduous broad-leaved evergreen forest, alt. 900 m, Sino-American Guizhou Hot. Exped. 548 (holotype. A). Herba perennis. Caulis 10-18 cm altus, pilis multi- cellularibus obsitus. Folia opposita, lanceolata, rare ellip- tica vel ovato-elliptica, (1.2-)2.5-6 cm longa, 0.5-1.5 cm lata, supra sparse subtus sparsissirne vel vix setulosa. Pedicelli 2-5(-6) mm longi, sparse pilosi. Calyx ca. 7 mm longus fere ad basin in lobos lanceolatos acuminato glan- dulis pellucidis obsitos fissus, extus ut pedicelli indutus. Corolla lutea, ca. 13 mm longa, lobos obovatos ca. 8 mm latos, apice rotundatos fissa, glandulis ecoloribus obsita. Filamenta in tubum ca. 3 mm altum supra densissime glandulosum connata, partibus liberis 3-4 mm longis. Stylus ca. 6 mm longus. Perennial herbs. Stem often prostrate and radical part erect, 10-18 cm high, covered with multicel¬ lular hairs. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, rarely ellip¬ tic to ovate-elliptic, (1.2-)2.5-6 cm long, 0.5-1.5 cm wide, papery, sparsely setulose adaxially, sparse¬ ly or scarcely setulose abaxially, base gradually nar¬ rowed into petiole 4-6 x shorter than blade; midrib prominent abaxially, lateral veins inconspicuous. Flowers 3-8, in umbellate-subcapitate inflorescence. Pedicels 2-5(-6) mm long, sparsely pilose. Calyx ca. 7 mm long, divided to base into lanceolate acu- Novon 4: 103-105. 1994. 104 Novon minate lobes covered with translucent glands. Co¬ rolla yellow, ca. 13 mm long, lobes obovate, ca. 8 mm wide, apex split into rounded halves, glandular. Filaments connate at base into a tube ca. 3 mm long, densely glandular, free part 3-4 mm long; anthers linear-oblong, ca. 2 mm long. Ovary pilose on upper half. Style ca. 6 mm long. Lysimachia henryi var. guizhouensis differs from variety henryi in having ± minutely setulose instead of glabrous or abaxially pilose leaves. Paratypes. CHINA. Guizhou: Jingkou Xian, Heiwan River, SE side of the Fanjing Shan mountain range, alt. 650-800 m, rooting in crevices on mossy ledges along river, Sino-American Guizhou Bot. Exped. 121 (A); Songtao Xian, vicinity of Lengjiaba, NE side of the Fanjing Shan mountain range, alt. 820-1,120 m, growing in thin soil on rock outcrop on forest slope, Sino-American Guizhou Bot. Exped. 2307 (A). Lysimachia kwangtungensis (Handel-Mazzetti) C. M. Hu, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: Ly¬ simachia congestiflora Hemsley var. kwang- tungensis Handel-Mazzetti, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh 16: 168. 1931. TYPE: Chi¬ na. Guangdong: Shiuchou region. To Kang Peng & Groffe 2858 (holotype, W; isotype, CAS). Perennial herbs. Stems erect, 15-30 cm high, simple or often branched above, with reddish mul¬ ticellular hairs. Leaves opposite, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate, 1.5-7 cm long, 1-2.2 cm wide, sparsely setulose on both sides, rarely glabrescent, translu¬ cent glandular-dotted throughout and densely so along margin, base narrowly cuneate, apex acuminate; lateral veins 3 pairs, slender, oblique; petiole 4-10 mm long, narrowly margined, subamplexicaul. Flow¬ ers 4-10, congested at stem apex; bracts ovate, ciliate. Pedicels ca. 5 mm long. Calyx divided almost to base into lanceolate lobes 5-6 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide, pubescent outside. Corolla yellow, tube ca. 1 mm long; lobes oblong-elliptic, 8 9 mm long, 5-5.5 mm wide, obtuse, anterior glandular red to dark purple. Filaments connate into a tube ca. 2 mm long, free parts 2-3 mm long; anthers oblong, ca. 1.2 mm long. Ovary pilose on upper half. Style 5-6 mm long. Capsule subglobose, 3.5 4 mm diam., brown. In its overall aspects, leaves, and habit, Lysi¬ machia kwantungensis shows some affinity to L. hemsleyi Franchet and L. flstulosa Handel-Maz¬ zetti. It is readily distinguished from these by its red or dark purple punctate corolla lobes. Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Guang¬ dong: Ruyuen Xian, by streams, alt. 200 m, S'. 11. Chun 1384 (IBSC); Yangshan Xian, on rocks in valleys, L. Teng 1340 (IBSC); roadsides near water, alt. 600-700 m, I. C. 1'seng 170398 (IBSC). Hunan: Hen Shan, in shade place, alt. 525 m, .S'. 11. Chun 3494 (IBSC). Primula tardiflora (C. M. Hu) C. M. Hu, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: P. ovalifolia subsp. tardiflora C. M. Hu, FI. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 59(2): 292. 1990. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Emei Shan, in deciduous broad-leaved forest, alt. 2,000-2,500 m, A. 11. Yang 54421 (holotype, IBSC). Perennial efarinose herbs. Rhizomes short, thick, covered with ovate to oblong-ovate scales 1 -3 cm long. Leaves broadly obovate to broadly elliptic, (3-)5-9 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, ± accrescent after anthesis, papery, adaxially glabrous, abaxially pubescent along veins, glabrous elsewhere, base at¬ tenuate to narrowly decurrent, margin hydathode dentate, apex rounded; lateral veins 10-12 pairs; petiole as long as blade or shorter, narrowly winged. Scape 5-12 cm long, to 18 cm in fruit, sparsely brownish pubescent; umbel solitary, 3-6-flowered; bracts linear-lanceolate, 3-5 mm long. Pedicels 7- 12 mm long, to 2 cm in fruit, sparsely pubescent. Calyx campanulate, 9-10 mm long, puberulent out¬ side, divided to middle into lanceolate acute lobes. Corolla heterostylous, pale purple, with white eye; tube slightly longer than calyx; limb 2-2.5 cm diam., lobes oblong-ovate, emarginate. Stamens of long- styled flowers inserted at middle of corolla tube, those of short-styled flowers inserted a little lower. Ovary globose. Short styles reaching middle of co¬ rolla tube, long styles exserted. Capsule not seen. Primula tardiflora is a rare species apparently confined to a small area on Mt. Emei. It superficially resembles Primula ovalifolia Franchet, but can be distinguished by its leaves with attenuate base and sparsely pubescent veins. Primula ovalifolia occurs at low elevations on Mt. Emei and reaches its upper altitudinal limit at 1,700 m, while P. tardiflora grows at higher altitudes (2,000-2,500 m), and it flowers from the end of April to May, about one month later than P. ovalifolia. Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Sichuan: Emei Shan, in deciduous broad-leaved forest, alt. 2,100- 2,400 m, K. H. Yang 54324, 55168, 55259 (IBSC), T. 11. Hsiang, S. S. C.hang & 11. L. I'siang 30166 (IBSC), W. P. Fang 231 (IBSC), 5. L. Sun 1865 (IBSC). Primula melanantha (Franchet) C. M. Hu, comb, et stat. nov. Basionym: P. nivalis Pallas var. melanantha Franchet, J. Bot. (Morot) 9: 449. 1895. TYPE: China. Sichuan: Kangding Xian (Tatsien-lou), Zhe-duo Shan, Soulie 51 Obis (ho¬ lotype, P). Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Hu Chinese Primulaceae 105 Perennial herbs. Rhizomes short, thick, densely covered with imbricate, persistent, ovate-lanceolate scales 2-6 cm long. Leaves oblanceolate, 5.5-12 cm long, 1.5-3 cm wide, gradually narrowed to base, margin crenate-denticulate, adaxially densely pubescent, abaxially sparsely or scarcely pubescent; midvein broad, prominent, lateral veins slender, in¬ conspicuous; petiole broadly winged, much longer than basal scales at about anthesis. Scapes 25 40 cm high, puberulent, ± white farinose near apex; umbel simple, many flowered; bracts 7-10 mm long, basal ones triangular, subulate-acuminate. Pedicels 1-3 cm long. Calyx campanulate, 8-9 mm long, divided to middle or above into lanceolate, acute, ciliolate lobes. Corolla heterostylous, dark purple; tube of long-styled flowers 8-9 mm long, that of short-styled flowers 11-12 mm long; limb 1-1.3 cm diam.; lobes oblong to oblong-elliptic, 6-9 x 2- 4.5 mm, puberulent on both sides, apex obtuse to ± acute. Stamens of long-styled flowers inserted at basal 3 mm of corolla tube, those of short-styled flowers inserted near tube apex. Ovary globose. Long styles slightly exserted from corolla tube, short styles reaching middle of corolla tube. Capsule not seen. Although originally described as a variety of Pri¬ mula nivalis Pallas and later associated with P. limbata Balfour f. & Forrest and P. russeola Bal¬ four f. & Forrest, P. melanantha is much closer to P. purdomii Craib on account of its habit. It differs from all the above-mentioned species by its pubescent leaves and much smaller flowers. Additional specimens examined. CHINA. Sichuan: Kangding Xian (Tatsien-lou), Zhe-duo Shan, Souli 2234, 3121 (P). Acknowledgment. I am grateful to Ihsan Al- Shehbaz for his help in the preparation of the manu¬ script. A New Name for the Australian Orchid Prasophyllum chasm ogam urn R. Bates & 1). L. Jones (Orchidaceae) David L. Jones Australian National Botanic Cardens, P.0. Box 1777, Canberra, 2601, Australia Abstract. The name Prasophyllum correctum D. L. Jones replaces P. chasmogamum R. Bates & D. L. Jones, the latter being based on an incorrect selection of a type. Prasophyllum chasmogamum R. Bates & I). L. Jones was described from material collected beside the railway line about 6 km west of Bairnsdale, Victoria, Australia (Jones, 1991), but the wrong specimen was inadvertently designated as the type. Collectors familiar with the orchid flora of the railway line west of Bairnsdale have pointed out that the taxon intended to he described did not occur in the locality, whereas two other species of Prasophyl¬ lum, namely P. pyriforme E. Coleman and P.fren- chii F. Mueller, were present (J. Jeanes, pers. comm.; R. Clark, pers. comm.). A critical examination of the type of P. chasmogamum showed it to be iden¬ tical with material of P. pyriforme. Thus P. chas¬ mogamum becomes a synonym of P. pyriforme, and the overlooked taxon is here described as new. Prasophyllum pyriforme E. Coleman, Victorian Naturalist 49: 195, t. 14. 1932. TYPE: Aus¬ tralia. Wonga Park, Doncaster, Oct. 1931, F. Bullock s.n. (holotype, MEL). Prasophyllum chasmogamum R. Bates & I). L. Jones in D. L. Jones, Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 77. 1991. TYPE: Australia. About 6 km W of Bairnsdale, beside railway line, 5 Nov. 1969, 7. B. Muir 4705 (holotype, MEL). Prasophyllum correctum I). L. Jones, sp. nov. TYPE: Australia. Victoria: near Munro, 5 Nov. 1992, J. Jeanes (/). L. Jones 10689), (holo¬ type, MEL; isotype, CBG). Figure 1. Prasophyllum fusco R. Brown affinis, sed Horibus late aperientibus coluinna exposita, labello late ovato-laneeo- lato basi latissiino disciforme, et calli aliquantum irregu- lariter marginato differt. Slender terrestrial tuberous herb 15-40 cm tall. Tuberoids ovoid, 6-10 mm across. Leaf 12-30 cm long, dark green, base 3-5 mm across, red to purple, free lamina suberect, often withered at anthesis. Floral bracts ovate, ca. 4 x 2 mm, apiculate. Ovary Novon 4: 106-108. 1994. obovoid, ca. 4 x 2 mm, shiny green, set at ca. 30° to the rhachis. Inflorescence a narrow loose spike 5-10 cm long, consisting of 10-20 flowers. Flowers 7-9 mm across, predominantly yellowish green and light reddish brown, opening widely, fragrant, sessile. Dorsal sepal linear-ovate, 7-9 x ca. 3 mm, green with brown striae, nearly vertical, subacute to acu¬ minate. Lateral sepals linear-lanceolate, 7-9 x 1.5- 2 mm, connate throughout, partially united or free from the base, erect or recurved, subacute, anterior margins involute throughout. Petals linear to linear- lanceolate, 7-9 x 1-1.2 mm, green with brown striae, upswept, incurved to widely spreading, sub¬ acute. Labellum broadly ovate-lanceolate in outline when flattened, 6 8 x 3.5-4 mm, yellowish green, erect, narrowed to a short basal claw, not gibbous when viewed from the side, proximal half almost orbicular, obliquely erect, flat with entire margins, distal half recurved, with entire or slightly crenulate margins, the apex touching the sepals or protruding through them, apiculate; callus elliptical-lanceolate, 5-6 x 2-2.5 mm, raised, fleshy, green, channeled centrally, margins entire or crenate, narrowed be¬ yond the bend and extending nearly to the labellum apex. Column ca. 3x3 mm, porrect from the end of the ovary, exposed by the wide expansion of the tepals; appendages linear-oblong, ca. 2.3 x 0.7 mm, pale green, truncate or emarginate. Anther ovate, ca. 2 x 1.6 mm, dark red brown. Pollinarium ca. 2 mm long; viscidium ovate, ca. 0.25 mm long, white; hamulus ca. 0.2 mm long, ligulate; pollinia linear-clavoid, ca. 1.6 mm long, yellow, sectile. Stig¬ ma quadrate, ca. 1.5 x 1.5 mm, the rostellum about as high as the appendages. Capsule obovoid, ca. 5 x 3 mm, shiny green. Flowering period. October and November. Distribution and habitat. Apparently endemic in grassland and woodland in southeastern Victoria, Australia, particularly around Bairnsdale, and with an old record from Mario. The species is now con¬ fined to small areas in railway reserves, growing in grassland dominated by Themeda australis. Soils are mainly gray-brown clay loams. Aofe.s. Prasophyllum correctum can be readily distinguished from its congeners, particularly P. jus- Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Jones Prasophyllum correctum 107 Figure 1. Prasophyllum correctum D. L. Jones, near Munro, D. L. Jones 10689. —a. Plant. —b. Flower from front. —c. Flower from side. —d. Labellum from above, flattened out. —e. Labellum from side. —f. Longitudinal section of labellum. —g. Column from rear. —h. Column from front. —i. Column from side. —j. Pollinarium. — k. Dorsal sepal. —1. Lateral sepal. —in. Petal. —n. Fertile bract. cum R. Brown, by its widely opening flowers in which the labellum is nearly erect (and often strongly re¬ curved) and the column is exposed; the broadly ovate-lanceolate labellum with its very broad, disc¬ like base; and the broad, thick callus with somewhat irregular margins. The species has now been reduced to rarity, with an estimated population of less than 100 plants. 108 Novon Conservation status. Rare, endangered, and not conserved; suggest 2E by criteria of Briggs & Leigh (1988). Etymology. From the Latin, “correctus,” cor¬ rect, made right. Parntypes. All AUSTRALIA. Victoria: ca. 3.2 km E of Munro, 24 Oct. 1987, H. Pates 1 1394 (AD); Mario, (no date), IF. Hunter (FV. II. Nicholls 625-630) (MEL); Bairnsdale, Nov. 1930, T. S. Hart (IT. H. Nicholls 173, 174) (MEL); Bairnsdale, 18 Oct. 1938, IF. Hunter (II . II. \icholls 686-690) (MEL); Bairnsdale, on open grassy plains, Nov. 1941, IF. Hunter (IF . If. Nic holts 798, 799) (MEL); Lindenow, on railway line, 18 Oct. 1970, I). L. Jones s.n. (MEL). Acknowledgments. I thank Jeff Jeanes and Ruth Clark for bringing the problems associated with the description of Prasophyllum chasmogarnum to my attention, Tim Entwisle for discussions, arranging the loan of specimens from MEL, and for reading the manuscript, and Mark Clements for commenting on the manuscript. Literature Cited Briggs, J. 0. & J. H. Leigh. 1988. Rare or Threatened Australian Plants. Australian National Parks and Wildlife Service, Special Publication No. 14. Jones, D. L. 1991. New taxa of Australian Orchidaceae. Austral. Orchid Res. 2: 1-208. A New Species of Dendrobium Section Rhizobium (Orchidaceae) from Australia D. L. Jones and M. A. Clements Australian National Botanic Gardens, P.0. Box 1777, Canberra, 2601, Australia Abstract. Dendrobium brevicaudum D. L. Jones & M. Clements is described for the forthcoming orchid volume of the Flora of Australia. The genus Dendrobium Swartz in Australia com¬ prises about 60 species distributed mainly in north¬ eastern Queensland, with about 16 species in the section Rhizobium (Clements, 1989). A distinctive new species of this section is described here as new. Dendrobium brevicaudum I). L. Jones & M. Clements, sp. nov. TYPE: Australia. Queens¬ land: Cook District, Mt. Finnigan, S of Cook- town, 31 Mar. 1993, C. H. Broers 422 & L. J. Roberts (holotype, CBG; isotypes, CBG, BR1). Figure 1. Dendrobium brevicaudum D. L. Jones & M. Clements, species nova, D. dolichophylli D. L. Jones & M. Clements affinis, a qua floribus flavo-brunneis fragrantissimis, sepalis latioribus, sepalis lateralibus prope labellum curvatis, col- umna pubescente, et labello pubescente apice brevissimo differt. Pendulous epiphyte forming slender clumps to 2 m or more long. Aerial roots absent. Stems straight, 10-20 cm X 2-2.5 mm, becoming yellow-brown on senescence. Old plants consist of 1 or 2 stems, leafless in proximal half, much-branched and leafy in distal half. Leaves linear-terete, 15-60 cm x 3.5-5 mm, linear-terete, pendulous, dark green. Racemes 4-6 cm long, wiry, arising singly from nodes at the leaf base, bearing 5-8 flowers. Pedicels 9-12 mm long, filiform. Ovary 1-2 mm long, hardly developed at anthesis. Flowers about 4.5 cm across, opening widely, strongly fragrant, dull yellowish to brownish yellow, with short dark reddish striae at the base of the sepals and a whitish labellum with fine purple markings and a darker callus. Dorsal sepal narrowly elliptical-lanceolate, 17-20 mm x 3.3-4 mm, slightly constricted near the base, erect to obliquely erect, apex obtuse. Lateral sepals asym¬ metrically lanceolate, 14-16 mm x 4.5-5.5 mm, strongly falcate, divergent but the inner base closely supporting the labellum, apex subacute, cymbiform. Petals narrowly linear-lanceolate, 18 20 mm x 2- 2.5 mm, obliquely erect, spreading or incurved. Labellum whitish, 16-19 mm x 6-7 mm when flattened, pubescent, porrect in the proximal half, recurved in the distal half; lateral lobes 10-12 mm x ca. 2 mm, erect and column-embracing, con¬ stricted before the erect narrow-triangular, free por¬ tion which is ca. 2.5 mm long; mid-lobe 6 9 mm x 5-6 mm, widest toward the middle then tapered to a short caudiform apex, lateral margins intensely sinuate-crisped nearly to the apex; callus of 3 dark reddish ridges, straight and parallel on the basal lobe, becoming irregularly sinuate on the mid-lobe, extending as faint lines nearly to the apex. Column 5-6 mm x 2.5-3 mm, porrect from the end of the ovary, anterior surface and margins pubescent; foot 4-4.5 mm x ca. 2 mm, at about 120° to the column, channeled, ventral surface pubescent. Stigma ca. 2 mm x 1.5 mm, deeply sunken. Anther ca. 4 mm x 2 mm, concave, with a short, decurved, scabrid rostrum. Pollinia ca. 1 mm long, clavate, falcate, orange, waxy. Capsule not seen. Flowering period. December and January. Distribution and habitat. Restricted to north¬ eastern Queensland, where mainly occurring on Mt. Finnigan and with a single reported sighting from Mt. Misery (L. Roberts, pers. comm.). The species grows in shady conditions on trees and rocks in rainforest and tall cloud forest above about 700 m altitude. Affinities. Dendrobium brevicaudum is a dis¬ tinctive species with no obvious links to any other Australian species of section Rhizobium . The plants have a pendulous growth habit similar to those of D. dolichophyllum D. L. Jones & M. Clements but with shorter leaves, and the stems lack aerial roots. Florally the new species can be immediately rec¬ ognized by its relatively small, yellow-brown to or¬ ange-brown, strongly fragrant flowers, broad sepals with the lateral sepals curved close to the labellum, and the labellum with a very short, caudate apex. It is the only Australian species of this section known to the authors to have short hairs on the labellum, column, and column foot. Conservation status. Dendrobium brevicaudum is relatively restricted in its distribution but is locally common; it is conserved in the Cedar Bay National Park and is not threatened at present. Novon 4: 109-111. 1994. 110 Novon from side. —f. Column from front. —g. Anther cap from side. —h. Pollinarium. —i. Dorsal sepal. —j. Petal, k. Lateral sepal. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Jones & Clements Dendrobium brevicaudum 111 Etymology. From the Latin “brevis,” short, and “cauda,” a tail, in reference to the abbreviated labellum apex. Acknowledgments. We thank Len Lawler and Lewis Roberts for bringing the species to our atten¬ tion, Corinna Broers for making the type collection. Alex George for the Latin diagnosis, and Barbara Jones for processing the manuscript. Literature Cited Clements, M. A. 1989. Catalogue of Australian Orchi- daceae. Austral. Orchid Res. 1: 1160. Miconia alainii (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a New Species from Hispaniola Walter S. Judd University of Florida, Department of Botany, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. James D. Skean, Jr. Albion College, Department of Biology, Albion, Michigan 49224, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Miconia alainii , which is known only from a diverse cloud forest near the summit of Loma Trocha de Pey or “Monteada Nueva,” the eastern¬ most peak of the Sierra de Baoruco of the Dominican Republic, is described and illustrated. It is compared to M. adenocalyx and M. favosa, two phenetically similar species. In the course of fieldwork in connection with a monograph of the Antillean members of Miconia sect. Chaenopleura Bentham & J. D. Hooker, a new species of Miconia was collected. Its placement in Mi conia is clear due to the following combination of features: the presence of druse crystals, an in¬ dumentum of irregularly stellate-branched hairs, ter¬ minal cymes of numerous, ± small fruits, five dis¬ tinct and small internal calyx lobes, and five small external calyx lobes (see Judd & Skean, 1991). Although this species is known only from fruiting and vegetative collections, it is probably referable to Miconia sect. Chaenopleura (see Cogniaux, 1891). Section Chaenopleura is a distinctive, and presumably monophyletic group possessing an ac- tinomorphic androecium (i.e., stamens forming a radially symmetrical pattern around the style) of white stamens of which the obovate anthers open by longitudinal slitlike pores (Judd & Beaman, 1988; Judd & Skean, 1991). The group is also charac¬ terized by an indumentum of ferrugineous, ± ir¬ regularly stellate-branched hairs, globose fruits that turn from red to blue (or blue-white) at maturity, and angular-obovoid seeds with a ± smooth testa (Judd & Skean. 1991, fig. 10B). Most Hispaniolan species of Miconia belong to this section, and many are narrow endemics. The new species is described below and compared with several phenetically sim¬ ilar Hispaniolan species of Miconia. It is presumably limited to the cloud forests of the eastern Sierra de Baoruco. Miconia alainii Judd & Skean, sp. nov. TYPE: Dominican Republic. Prov. Barahona: Sierra de Baoruco, Cana Brava, Monteada Nueva, 1,300 m, 24 Apr. 1976 (fr), A. //. lAogier c& P. lAogier 25179 (holotype, JBSD). Figure 1. Species haec a Miconia adenocalyce Urban & Ekman differt foliis majoribus 8.5-16 x 5.2-10.5 cm (nec 2.8 14 x 1.4-5.6 cm), venis secundariis intiinis a folio mar- gine 10-23 mm (nec 2.5-9 mm), et inflorescentiis axibus, hypanthio et calyce pilis et glandulifis longis-stipitatis des- titutis. Shrubs to 3 m tall. Indumentum of multicellular, darkly ferrugineous, stellate- or irregularly branched to globular-stellate or elongate short-branched hairs, and minute globular hairs. Young twigs not ridged, ± rectangular in cross section, becoming terete with age, the indumentum of dense, elongate short- branched to globular-stellate hairs, these ± persis¬ tent; internodes 2-10(-15) cm long. Leaves with petiole 2.9 7.5 cm long, the indumentum same as that of twigs; blade ovate, 8.5-16 x 5.2-10.5 cm, coriaceous, the apex acuminate, the base cordate, the margin plane, entire to sparsely and obscurely to clearly dentate, i.e., proximal 0-70% of margin entire, the largest teeth 0.1-1.4 mm long; venation acrodromous, with prominent midvein and 6 sec¬ ondary veins, with 4 conspicuous secondary veins, the inner pair placed ca. 10-23 mm in Irom margin, and 2 inconspicuous secondary veins closer to mar¬ gin, and numerous percurrent tertiary veins oriented subperpendicular to midvein, joined by percurrent- orthogonal quaternary veins; adaxial surface with indumentum initially densely globular-stellate, but quickly glabrescent, the midvein and major second¬ ary veins slightly impressed, other veins ± flat; abaxial surface with sparse to moderate, globular- stellate to elongate short-branched hairs to 0.1 -0.25 mm across and with minute globular hairs on the midvein and major secondary veins, the hairs ± persistent, the epidermis clearly visible, the midvein and major secondary veins prominently raised, mi¬ nor secondary, tertiary, and quaternary veins raised, other veins slightly raised to flat. Injlorescences ter¬ minal, open-paniculate cymes of 4 or 5 major branch Noyon 4: 112-115. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Judd & Skean Miconia alainii 113 Figure 1. Miconia alainii Judd & Skean. —A. Habit. —B, C. Leaves. —D. Detail of abaxial leaf surface. —E. Hair from abaxial leaf surface. —F. Fruit. (A, C, F, from Liogier 25179; B, D, E, from Judd 6569.) pairs, ca. 6.5 cm long, 4 cm across; proximal seg¬ ment of lowermost branches 1 1.2 cm long, distal internodes shorter, ultimate branchlets 1 -9 mm long; peduncle ca. 1.7 cm long; each branch associated with an early caducous, ovate bract, ca. 1.5-4 x 0.5-1 mm, the apex acute; flowers in dichasia, each subtended by 2 caducous bracteoles. Flowers 5- merous, with pedicel 0-1 mm long. Hypanthium cylindrical, free portion ca. 0.6-0.8 mm long, the outer surface with sparse to moderate, globular- stellate hairs and a few minute globular hairs, the inner surface glabrous and obscurely 10-ridged, the 114 Novon apices of the ridges slightly projecting. External calyx teeth (= lobes) 0.7-0.9 x 1.5-1.7 mm, ± triangular, the apex acute; internal calyx lobes 0.5-0.7 x 1.5-1.7 mm, broadly triangular, the apex acute to rounded, the margin entire; calyx tube 0.3-0.4 mm. Petals and stamens not seen. Ovary 3-loculate (N = 3), %-inferior, globose to ovoid, 2.8 x 2.4 mm, glabrous and ridged, with fluted apical projection to 0.5 mm encircling base of style. Ber¬ ries (± immature) globose, 3.5 x 3.5 mm, green with red tinge. Seeds angular-obovoid, 0.7- 1 mm long; testa smooth. Distribution and ecology. Miconia alainii is endemic to Hispaniola and known only from the type locality, the easternmost peak of the Sierra de Baoruco. This location is usually referred to as “Monteada Nueva” in reference to a nearby coffee finca, but this forested region actually occupies the summit of Loma Trocha de Pey, at ca. 18°07.5N, 71°13.5W (T. Zanoni, pers. comm.). This peak is separated from the remaining part of the mountain range by a slight depression, the Hoyo del Pelembito, and thus its high-elevation forests are fairly isolated from those farther to the west in the Sierra de Baoruco. Miconia alainii is an occasional under¬ story shrub in the diverse, broad-leaved cloud forests at ca. 1,300-1,400 m (near (he summit). Associated melastomes include: Calycogonium sp., Clidemia umbellata (Miller) L. O. Williams, Henriettea bar¬ ken (Urban & Ekman) Alain, Leandra lima (Des- rousseaux) Judd & Skean, L. limoides (Urban) Judd & Skean, Mecranium ovaturn Cogniaux, Meriania involucrata (Desrousseaux) Naudin, Miconia do- decandra (Desrousseaux) Cogniaux, M. cf. cam- panensis Urban & Ekman, M. subcompressa Ur¬ ban, M. tetrastoma Naudin, and Ossaea [Sagraea ] gracilis Alain. Etymology. It is a pleasure to name this species after Henri Alain Liogier (b. 1916), who has col¬ lected extensively throughout the Dominican Re¬ public, Cuba, and Puerto Rico. Miconia alainii is readily distinguished from all other members of Miconia sect. Chaenopleura (or of other sections) occurring in the Greater Antilles. It is somewhat similar to M. adenocalyx Urban & Ekman due to its cordate-based leaves with a sparse to moderate indumentum of minute ± irregularly stellate-branched hairs on the veins of the abaxial surface. It is readily distinguished from that species by the much larger leaves, i.e., 8.5-16 x 5.2 10.5 cm versus 2.8-14 x 1.4-5.6 cm, with the innermost pair of secondary veins placed further in from the margin, i.e., 10-23 mm versus 2.5-9 mm; the lack of long-stalked gland-headed hairs on the inflorescence axes, hypanthium, and calyx; the thin¬ ner walled and more irregularly branched hairs that are more closely appressed to the abaxial leaf sur¬ face; and the inflorescences with shorter ultimate branches, i.e., 1-9 mm versus 2-15 mm long. The peduncle is also shorter in M. alainii , but additional collections are needed to confirm the usefulness of this character, as well as that of ultimate branch length. Miconia alainii is also similar to M. favosa (Desrousseaux) Naudin, one element in a species complex characterized by large, cordate-based, and ± bullate leaves with ± dendritic hairs. Both species are characterized by large cordate-based leaves with a ± moderate covering of branched hairs along the veins; both also have broadly rounded cymes. How¬ ever, the hairs of M. alainii are very small and irregularly stellate-branched to globular-stellate, whereas those of M. favosa (and presumed relatives such as M. xenotricha Urban & Ekman and M. campanensis) are larger and ± dendritic. In ad¬ dition, M. favosa has a pair of conspicuous flanges below the point of petiole attachment at each node; no such flanges occur in M. alainii. The tertiary veins in leaves of M. favosa are strongly impressed above, while those of M. alainii are ± flat. Miconia adenocalyx is restricted to the Massif du Nord/Cordillera Central and thus is isolated geo¬ graphically from M. alainii. Miconia favosa has been collected in the Sierra de Neiba and Massif de la Selle (including the adjacent, western portion of the Sierra de Baoruco). This species has not been collected east of the Hoyo del Pelembito; thus M. favosa and M. alainii appear to he allopatric. Plants frequently identified as Miconia favosa also have been collected at Monteada Nueva. These plants, however, differ from typical M. favosa in their lack of nodal flanges, slightly more narrowly ovate leaves with long-stalked multicellular hairs (each with an expanded, thickened base) on the adaxial epidermis, branched-dendritic hairs with lon¬ ger stalks on the abaxial epidermis, and more elon¬ gate inflorescences. The identity of these plants is currently under investigation, but they are tenta¬ tively considered to represent a disjunct population of M. campanensis (a species previously known from the Sierra de Neiha and Cordillera Central). Miconia cf. campanensis occurs with M. alainii ; these plants are very easily distinguished from this species, however, by the features noted above, es¬ pecially their strongly bullate leaves with thick-based long-stalked multicellular hairs. The discovery of Miconia alainii brings the num¬ ber of species of Miconia reported from Hispaniola to 70 (see Moscoso, 1943; Judd & Skean, 1987; Judd et al., 1988; Judd & Beaman, 1988, Judd & Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Judd & Skean Miconia alainii 115 Skean, submitted). However, when probable syn¬ onyms are taken into account, a more realistic es¬ timate is about 55 (Judd, in prep.). Paratypes. DOMINICAN REPUBLIC. Prov. Bar- ahona: Sierra de Baoruco, Loma Trocha de Pey or “Monteada Nueva," above (E of) Polo, 1,325-1,400 m, 18 May 1992 (veg.), Judd 6569 (F, FLAS, JBSD, MO, NY, US). Acknowledgments. We thank Thomas A. Zanoni and the staff of the Jardin Botanico Nacional in Santo Domingo for logistical support while con¬ ducting fieldwork in the Dominican Republic. We are grateful to Timothy McDowell for his assistance in the field and to Wendy Zomlefer for her excellent illustration. This research was supported by NSF Grant BSR-9016793. Literature Cited Cogniaux, A. 1891. Melastomaceae. In: A. & C. de Candolle, Monographiae Phanerogamarum 7. Mas¬ son, Paris. Judd, W. S. & R. S. Beaman. 1988. Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). II. Systematics of the Miconia subcompressa complex of Hispaniola, including the description of two new species. Brittonia 40: 368-391. - & J. D. Skean, Jr. 1987. Three new angio- sperms from Parc National Pic Macaya, Massif de la Hotte, Haiti. Bull. Florida State Mus., Biol. Sci. 32(1): 137-150. - & -. 1991. Taxonomic studies in the Miconieae (Melastomataceae). IV. Generic realign¬ ments among terminal-flowered taxa. Bull. Florida Mus. Nat. Hist., Biol. Sci. 36(2): 25-84. -, - & R. S. Beaman. 1988. Miconia zanonii (Melastomataceae: Miconieae), a new species from Hispaniola. Brittonia 40: 208-213. Moscoco, R. M. 1943. Catalogus Florae Domingensis, Parte I. Sperinatophyta. Univ. de Santo Domingo, L. S. Printing, New York, New York. A Hyperparasite Mistaken for an Inflorescenee: The Identity and Typification of Phoradendron rusbyi Britton (Viscaceae) Job Kuijt Missouri Botanical Garden; Mailing address: Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Victoria, B.C. V8W 2Y2, Canada Abstract. The type of Phoradendron rusbyi Britton (Viscaceae) consists of two species of Phor¬ adendron , one hyperparasitic on the other. The hyperparasite is designated to be the type; the host mistletoe is P. crassifolium (DC.) Eichler. The protologue of the Bolivian Phoradendron rusbyi Britton (in Rushy, 1900; not to he confused with P. rusbyanum Trelease) has been puzzling in the past in that it seemed to be made up of discordant elements. Britton described leaf shape, while the rather fragmentary types at NY are strictly squa- mate. The species is exceedingly rare, being known only from the type collection. Inspection of the types at NY and US, however, has provided a solution to the problem. It turns out that, unwittingly, Britton was dealing with one species of mistletoe hyperparasitic on an¬ other, a situation elsewhere known both in Phora¬ dendron and the closely related Dendrophthora. Thus, part of his protologue describes the leaves of the host mistletoe, the well known Phoradendron crassifolium (DC.) Eichler, and part of it (the “in¬ florescence") applies to the hyperparasite. We thus have what Article 7B.5 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Greuter et al., 1988) calls “two or more heterogeneous elements" being fused into a single protologue. This situation re¬ quires, among other things, a decision on typifica¬ tion. The Code (Art. 9.2), in such cases, prescribes that the proposed name “must remain attached to that part (lectotype) which corresponds most nearly with the original." In the particular case at hand, however, it is debatable whether the features be¬ longing to one or the other species predominate in the original description. Also, since the application of Britton’s name to the older P. crassifolium would then necessitate a new name for the hyperparasite, that course of action would be unfortunate. I there¬ fore here designate Britton’s name to apply to the squamate hyperparasite, not to the host mistletoe. In order to clarify the situation, I add an illustration (Fig. 1) of the reconstructed US lectotype as well as a brief new diagnosis of P. rusbyi. Phoradendron rusbyi Britton, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 136. 1900. TYPE: Bolivia. Mapiri, 5,000 ft., Apr. 1886, Rusby 1543 (lectotype, designated here, US; isolectotypes, NY (2)). Small, squamate species, internodes to 4 cm long, extremely compressed, to 1.3 cm wide, cuneate in shape, in alternating planes from internode to in¬ ternode. Lateral branches without basal cataphylls, the first leaf scales in median position. Probably monoecious, the male flowers fewer than the female and higher on fertile internodes (?). Inflorescences both lateral (where apparently solitary) and terminal, at least 4 cm long, peduncle 3-5 mm, stout, simple, followed by at least 4 fertile internodes, flowers to ca. 15 per fertile bract, triseriate, the lertile inter¬ nodes stout but not clavate. Fruit globular, ca. 2.5 mm diam., petals closed. Britton placed his new species in Phoradendron , but in the monograph of this genus by Trelease it is referred to Dendrophthora without discussion (Trelease, 1916: 218). It is almost certain that Trelease did not study the crucial anther morphol¬ ogy, as I know of no reference to this, the most important generic distinction, in any of his publi¬ cations. It may well be that he was guided in his placement by the fact that lateral branches of P. rusbyi lack any basal cataphylls. The primary di¬ vision of Phoradendron in Trelease’s treatment was according to whether basal cataphylls were or were not present, the acataphyllous “Boreales” suppos¬ edly not occurring further south than southern Mex¬ ico. In point of fact, a number of exceptions to this simple dichotomy of the genus are now known (un¬ published information). More relevant to the present species is the fact that the absence of cataphylls by itself cannot reliably be used for generic placement. Unfortunately, I have not been able to find mature male flowers. Notwithstanding the absence of basal cataphylls, I feel that the likelihood of the species being a Phoradendron outweighs the other option. The ex¬ treme reduction of the plant may well mean that its hyperparasitism is obligatory. There is a group of Novon 4: 116-118. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Kuijt Phoradendron rusbyi 117 Figure 1. Reconstruction of Phoradendron rusbyi Britton from the lectotype at US. Scale bar = 1 cm. 118 Novon largely or exclusively hyperparasitic species of Phor- adendron in Central and South America with a strong tendency to leaf reduction and flattened or winged internodes. The common, leafy P. dipterum Eichler is a well known member of this group; aphyl¬ lous species are P. iltisiorum Kuijt and P. aequa- toris Urban, while P. fasciculatum Kuijt is nearly leafless. These species are also characterized by the emergence of several shoots from a haustorial cush¬ ion connecting the two mistletoes (see Kuijt, 1987, fig. 6). One of the two NY types clearly has such a cushion and emergence pattern. Even more in¬ teresting is the fact that at least one species of this complex, P. calyculatum Trelease, has lost its basal cataphylls, and that because of this, the species has traditionally been misplaced in “Boreales.” My as¬ sumption is, therefore, that P. rusbyi is yet another acataphyllous member of this group of hyperpar¬ asites. No hyperparasitism is known to occur in continental Dendrophthora. However, a rare Cuban endemic, D. epiviscum (Grisebach) Eichler, para¬ sitizes other species of Dendrophthora or Phora- dendron (Kuijt, 1961). The two species, even in the absence of male flowers, may be easily distin¬ guished by the tetrapterous stems and fewer fertile internodes with no more than seven flowers per bract in D. epiviscum. Literature Cited Creuter, W., H. M. Burdet, W. G. Chaloner, V. Deinoulin, R. Grolle, D. L. Hawksworth, D. H. Nicholson, P. C. Silva, F. A. Stafleu, E. G. Voss & J. McNeill. 1988. International Code of Botanical Nomencla¬ ture. Regnum Veg. 118. Kuijt, J. 1961. A revision of Dendrophthora. Wentia 6: 1-145. -. 1987. Novelties in Mesoamerican mistletoes (Loranthaceae and Viscaceae). Ann. Missouri But. Card. 74: 511 532. Rusby, H. H. 1900. An enumeration of the plants collected by Dr. H. H. Rusby in South America, 1885-1886, xxx. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: (see p. 136-137). Trelease, W. 1916. The Genus Phoradendron. Univ. Illinois Press, Urbana, Illinois. New Species in Mexican and Mesoamerican Rubiaceae David II. Lorence National Tropical Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 340, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii 96765, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. Ten new species of Rubiaceae from southern Mexico and Mesoamerica are described and illustrated: Bouvardia macdougallii Lorence, Hoffmannia ixtlanensis Lorence, //. minuticarpa Dwyer & Lorence, Machaonia martinezorum Lor¬ ence, Psychotria breedlovei Lorence, P. thornei Lorence, Rondeletia breedlovei Lorence, R. chi- riquiana Lorence, R. megalantha Lorence, and Sommera parva Lorence. During the course of preparing a treatment of the Rubiaceae for Flora Mesoamericana, collec¬ tions representing a number of undescribed species from southern Mexico and Mesoamerica were en¬ countered. Many of these collections are the result of recent fieldwork in botanically poorly known or under-collected areas in conjunction with the Flora of Chiapas, Flora de Oaxaca, and Flora Mesoam¬ ericana projects. Ten new species are described and illustrated herein, and their affinities are discussed. Most of these taxa occur within the region covered by the Flora Mesoamericana project, i.e., southern Mexico from the Isthmus of Tehuantepec to the Panama-Colombia border (Anon., 1982). A com¬ plete account of the Mesoamerican Rubiaceae will be given in a forthcoming treatment for Flora Me¬ soamericana (Dwyer & Lorence, in prep.). Bouvardia macdougallii Lorence, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca: Cerro Atravesada Cerro Azul, “Arroyo Rana,” shrub-small tree, flowers white, Dec. 1956 (fl, fr), T. MacDougall s.n. (holo- type, MEXU; photo, PTBG). Figure 1. Species Bouvardiae dictyoneurae Standley afhnis, sed stipulis brevioribus 2.5-3.5 mm longis, aristis brevioribus nec filiformibus nec glandulosis, corolla alba breviore 8- 10 mm longa, corollae tubo 4-5 mm longo et lobis 4-5 mm longis intus dense villosis differt. Shrub or small tree, the twigs glabrous, 1.5-2 mm diam., the internodes 3.6-5 cm long. Leaves opposite, glabrous, subsessile; petioles 1-1.5 mm long, 0.7-0.9 mm diam.; lamina ovate, 3-5.8 X 1.4-2.6 cm, slightly discolorous, stiffly chartaceous, rugose-reticulate, the base obtuse, rounded or sub¬ truncate, the apex acuminate, the acumen 5-15 mm long, occasionally falcate, the 2° veins 3-5 pairs, pinnate, camptodromous, arcuate, the 3° veins numerous, oblique, reticulate, the venation raised and visible to 3° on both surfaces, the margin callose; stipules persistent, acutely to obtusely triangular or subtruncate, 2.5-3.5 x 2-3 mm, externally with a row of septate hairs 0.2-0.4 mm long, glabrate, internally glabrous, the apex acuminate, 1-1.5 mm long, the margin entire or with 1-3 pairs of digitate processes 0.3 0.5 mm long. Inflorescence cymose- corymbose, terminal, sessile at the twig apex, 1.5- 4.5 x 2-5 cm, glabrous, 9-18-flowered, the 1° branches 3-5, 7-20 mm long, subtended by re¬ duced leaves, the 2° axes and pedicels bracteolate; flowers 4-merous, on pedicels 4-7 x 0.2 mm, the hypanthium subglobose-depressed, glabrous, 1 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, the calyx cup 0.2-0.3 mm deep, the calyx lobes equal, erect, lanceolate or subulate, 2.5-3 x 0.7-1 mm, glabrous; corolla white, at anthesis funnelform, 8-10 mm long, ex¬ ternally glabrous, internally densely villous on the lobes, the tube with scattered hairs internally, the hairs whitish, septate, to 0.5 mm long, the tube 4- 5 mm long, 3-4 mm wide distally, the lobes 4-5 x 1.5-2.5 mm, acute, spreading 45-90°; short- styled flowers with stamens exserted, the anthers linear-ellipsoid, 2 mm long, the filaments 1.5-2 mm long, attached just below apex of tube; style 1.3- 1.5 mm long, the two papillose stigmas 1.3-1.5 mm long, the disc 0.3 mm high; long-styled flowers not seen. Submature capsules oblate, 3.5 x 4.5 mm, glabrous, %—% inferior; submature seeds subcircular to ellipsoid, 1-1.5 mm long, the margin winged, 0.3-0.5 mm wide. Distribution. Known only from the type locality in the Sierra Atravesada of southeastern Oaxaca, Mexico. The isolated Sierra Atravesada is situated north of the town of Niltepec and constitutes the disjunct northwestern part of the Sierra Madre de Chiapas. Arroyo Rana lies between Cerro Azul (2,300 m) and Cerro Atravesada (1,600 m). Geologically the area is composed of limestone and coarse-grained sandstone (MacDougall, 1971) and is home to other endemics such as Rondeletia atravesadensis Lor¬ ence and R. macdougallii Lorence (Lorence, 1991). Habitat. Montane evergreen cloud and elfin for¬ est, ca. 1,600-2,300 m elevation. Flowering and fruiting in December. Novon 4: 119-136. 1994. 120 Novon Figure 1. Bouvardia macdougallii Lorence. Photos of holotype, T. MacDougall in December 1956 (MEXU), with dissected corolla and fruiting hypanthium. Bouvardia macdougallii is characterized by op¬ posite leaves, pleiochasial inflorescences, and short corollas, placing it in subgenus Bouvardiastrum Schlechtendal (Blackwell, 1968). Although the cir¬ cular, winged seeds are characteristic ol Bouvardia, the extremely short corolla tube equalling the lobes in length, internally densely villous corolla lobes, and larger habit set B. macdougallii apart from all other members of the genus. Vegetative and cap¬ sular morphology place it closest to B. dictyoneura from Chiapas and Guatemala, which is distinguished by longer red or orange-red corollas with the tube greatly exceeding the lobes and a villous ring inter¬ nally near the base of the tube, and stipules with long, filiform processes always terminated by glands. This new species is named for the late Thomas B. MacDougall, an intrepid naturalist and botanical explorer who spent each winter in the Isthmus ol Tehuantepec, Oaxaca (Stix, 1975). While exploring some of the most remote and biologically interesting regions of Oaxaca and Chiapas, “Don Thomas” collected numerous botanical and zoological speci¬ mens for various museums and botanical gardens. The two principal sets of MacDougall’s botanical collections, mostly unicates, are deposited at MEXU and NY, with some duplicates at CAS and US. Hoffinannia ixtlanensis Lorence, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca: Distrito de Ixtlan, Sierra de Juarez, ruta 1 75 Tuxtepec a Oaxaca, ca. 5 km al N de Vista Hermosa, 1,260 m, I). II. Lor¬ ence, B. Lorres C. A R. Cedillo 7. 4013 (holotype, MEXU; isotypes, MO, PIBG). Fig¬ ure 2a, b. Species Hoffmanniae minuticarpae Dwyer affinis, sed caulibus foliisque sparsim puberulis vel glabratis, inflores- centiis floribusque fere glabris, fructibus majoribus 4-5 mm diametro differt. Shrubs 1-5 m tall, the stems erect, 3-4 cm diam., the new growth sparsely and finely hirtellous, the leafy stems 3-5 mm diam., drying brownish black, glabrous, slightly compressed, the internodes 1-8 cm long. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those of a pair at a node subequal to unequal, one up to 50% larger than the other; petioles 2-5 cm long, 1-1.5 mm diam., canaliculate, glabrous, winged in distal half; lamina obovate, obovate-elliptic or elliptic, 11-25 Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence Mexican and Mesoamerican Rubiaceae 121 122 Novon x 4-8 cm, often falcate, membranaceous, drying green, discolorous, adaxially hirtellous, abaxially hir- tellous, especially along veins and costa, the base narrowly cuneate, attenuate and decurrent, the apex acuminate to caudate, the acumen 1-2 cm long, the 2° veins 11-15 pairs, arcuate, acrodromous, the prominent 3° veins oblique, the venation visible to 5° on both surfaces; stipules triangular, acute from a broad base, 1.5-3 x 2-4 mm, deciduous, externally glabrous or sparsely hirtellous, the inner surface and margins with numerous short brown colleters. Inflorescences axillary and on leafless nodes, solitary or usually in groups of 2-6, shorter than petioles, 1-1.5 cm long, monochasial-cymose, un¬ branched, often umbelliform, 6 12-flowered, gla¬ brous, the peduncle 5-10 x 0.3-0.5 mm; flowers on pedicels 1-2 x 0.2-0.3 mm, these minutely bracteolate basally, the hypanthium turbinate to subglobose, 1-1.2 x 0.8-1 mm, slightly com¬ pressed and bisulcate, venose, glabrous, the calyx cup 0.1-0.2 mm deep, the calyx lobes 4, acutely triangular, 0.3-1 x 0.3-0.6 mm, the margins mi¬ nutely hirtellous-ciliolate; corolla in bud 4-5 mm long, glabrous externally and internally, pale yellow 7 or white when fresh, at anthesis funnelform, the tube 2.5-3 x 1 mm, the lobes 4, narrowly elliptic to narrowly ovate, 3 x 1-1.5 mm, spreading 45°, the stamens affixed 1 mm below apex of tube, the filaments 1 mm long, the anthers exserted, linear- ellipsoid, 3 x 0.5 mm, acute at apex, bilobed at base, the style 3-4 mm long, the entire, papillose stigma 2 mm long. Ripe fruits reddish pink, globose, 4-5 mm diam.; seeds angulate, 0.2-0.3 mm diam., the testa light brown, reticulate. Distribution. Oaxaca, Mexico, known only from the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, on the northern slopes of the Sierra de Juarez in the District of Ixtlan and from near Santa Maria Choapan in the the District of Choapan. Habitat. Montane cloud forest (bosque mesofilo de montaha) with Liquidambar , Engelhardtia , Al¬ faro a, Hedyosmum, Brunellia, and Lauraceae, and disturbed or secondary forest with coffee plantings, 750-1,600 m elevation. This new species is abun¬ dant locally as an understory shrub. Flowering in February, April, June, and August and fruiting in February, June, July, August, and October. Hoffmannia ixtlanensis is most closely allied to //. minuticarpa Dwyer & Lorence (described below) from the Sierra de Los Tuxtlas region of southern Veracruz. The latter species differs in its denser and persistent villosulous pubescence of crinkled pale brown hairs on the young stems, leaves, and inflo¬ rescence (Fig. 2c, d). Paratypes. MEXICO. Oaxaca: Distrito de Ixtlan, Si¬ erra de Juarez, Ruta 175 Tuxtepec a Oaxaca, 4 km al NE de La Esperanza, 1,500 m, Lorence & Cedillo T. 1186 (MEXU, MO); 31 km S de Valle Nacional, camino a Oaxaca, Martinez S. et 88 (CAS). Bars = 1 cm in a, b, 7 mm in c-e, 2 cm in f. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence Mexican and Mesoamerican Rubiaceae 129 ides visible, longer and more slender stipule awns (3-)5-12 mm long attached outside the sheath, shorter, more slender floral peduncles 1-2 cm long, and larger heads with broadly ovate bracts that are free to their bases. Paratypes. MEXICO. Chiapas: Municipio of Rayon, 9 mi. NW of Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan, along road between Rincon Chamula and Rayon, Jitotol Ridge, 5,800 ft., Sep. 1971, Ihorne & Lathrop 41688 (CAS); Solis¬ tahuacan area, Selva Negra (mountains above the Linda Vista Biological Station near Pueblo Nuevo), 5,700 ft., Clarke 700624-117 (CAS); Municipio of Jitotol, 5 km SE of Jitotol along road to Bochil, 1,600 m, 10 Sep. 1981, I). Breedlove 52671 (CAS, MENU). Rondeletia breedlovei Lorence, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Chiapas: Municipio of Tenejapa, paraje of Mahben Chauk, on slopes along the Tana Te’ River near Saha! K'esh, elevation 2,900 ft. (884 m), 27 Nov. 1964, D. E. Breedlove 7682 (holotype, F no. 1617735; isotype, CAS). Figure 6. Species Rondeletiae subscandenti Lundell affinis, sed pubescentia flavida hirtella ex trichomatibus 0.4- 0.6 mm longis constanti, foliis hirtellis lamina ovato-elliptica 4.5 10.5 x 2-4.7 cm, petiolo breviore 3-4 mm longo, axibus inflorescentiae dense hirtellis, corolla rosea extus hirtella differt. Scandent shrub (label says “perennial vine”) or small tree 3 m tall, the leafy twigs terete, 1-2 mm diam., densely hirtellous when young, the trichomes pale yellow, 0.4-0.6 mm long, the internodes 2- 4.5 cm long. Leaves opposite, those of a pair at a node equal, shortly petiolate; petioles 3-4 x 1 mm, densely hirtellous; lamina ovate to ovate-elliptic, 4.5- 10.5 x 2-4.7 cm, chartaceous, drying brown, adax- ially shiny, sparsely hirsutulous, abaxially hirtellous, densely so along the costa and veins, the base shal¬ lowly cordate to rounded, the apex acuminate, the acumen to 1 cm long, the 2° veins 6-8 pairs, fes¬ tooned brochidodromous, the venation usually whit¬ ish adaxially, very prominent and visible to 5° on both surfaces, the margins ciliolate, slightly revolute; stipules erect, dark brown, 5-6.5 x 1-1.5 mm, linear-subulate, strigillose. Inflorescences terminal or axillary in distal 1-2 leaf pairs, 12-40-flowered, corymbiform-cymose, 5.5-7 x 4-6 cm (including corollas), the peduncle 2.7-3.5 cm long, or sessile and tripartite, the 1° branches 3, 2-2.5 cm long, the 2° (ultimate) branches bearing cymules of 3-5 flowers, subtended by linear-subulate bracteoles 1.5- 2.5 mm long, the axes densely hirtellous with pale spreading trichomes; flowers distylous, on slender hirtellous pedicels 1-2 mm long, the hypanthium subglobose, compressed, 1-1.3 x 1-1.3 mm, densely hirtellous, the calyx cup 0.2 mm deep, the calyx lobes 4 (occasionally 5 or 6), unequal and intergrading in size, linear-subulate to narrowly ob- lanceolate, 1-2.8 x 0.2-0.5 mm, hirtellous, each sinus with a small brown colleter; corolla salverform, pink when fresh, the tube 15-17 x 0.7-0.8 mm medially, externally hirtellous-villosulous with spreading white trichomes 0.4-0.5 mm long, inter¬ nally with scattered hairs medially, the lobes 5, spreading, obovate-subcircular, 2.5-3.5 x 2-2.5 mm, externally hirtellous-villosulous basally, inter¬ nally papillose-puberulent basally, the throat with a ring of pale yellow trichomes, the stamens sessile, the anthers linear-ellipsoid, 1.4-1.5 mm long, in short-styled flowers attached 1 mm below apex of tube, the tips visible; style glabrous, in short-styled flowers 10 mm long, the stigmas linear, 2 mm long, the disc annular, glabrous; long-styled flowers not seen. Fruits globose, 4-5 mm diam., hirtellous; seeds not seen. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the Municipio of Tenejapa in central Chiapas at 800- 900 m elevation, presumably in lower montane wet or rainforest. Flowering in November and fruiting in December. Rondeletia breedlovei is distinguished by its sometimes scandent habit, shortly petiolate ovate or ovate-elliptic leaves with shallowly cordate to round¬ ed bases, prominent venation drying white above, and densely hirtellous-villosulous pubescence on the stems, leaves, and inflorescence. It is closely related to R. subscandens Lundell, another scandent spe¬ cies from Guatemala that differs in being nearly glabrous and having much larger and diffusely branched inflorescences to 13 cm long, minute calyx lobes 0.3 mm long, and externally glabrous red corollas. Both species are characterized by their 5-merous corollas that are yellow-barbate around the throat. Paratype. MEXICO. Chiapas: Municipio de Tene¬ japa, Rio Cruz Pilal, 800 m, 20 die. 1982, A. Mendez Ton (A. Shi loin Ton) 5295 (MEXU). Rondeletia chiriquiana Lorence, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Chiriqui: Fortuna Dam area, along shores of Rio Chiriqui where it enters reservoir, 1,000 m, 8°45'N, 82°13'W, 2 Aug. 1984, //. If. Churchill 5924 (holotype, MO no. 3595277). Figure 7. Species Rondeletiae monteverdensi Lorence affinis, sed bracteis minoribus, 1.5-3.5 x 0.3-0.6 mm, lobis calycinis minoribus, 2-5 x 0.3-1.5 mm, corolla extus glabrata vel strigoso-sericea differt. Shrub or small tree to 3.5 m tall, the twigs tri¬ gonous to cylindrical, 1.5-3 mm diam., ascending 130 Novon Figure 6. Rondeletia breedlovei Lorence. —a. Habit. —b. Corolla, short-styled flower. —c. Corolla opened. — d. Hypanthium and calyx, split longitudinally to show locules and numerous ovules (Breedlove 7682, F). Bars = 1 cm in a-c, 4 mm in d. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence Mexican and Mesoamerican Rubiaceae 131 Figure 7. Rondeletia chiriquiana Lorence. —a. Habit, flowering twig. —b. Habit, fruiting twig. —c. Corolla opened. —d. Gynoecium with calyx lobes and style. —e. Fruit, a, Churchill 5924 (MO); b, e, Correa et al. 2698 (F); c, d, Hammel 2333 (MO). Bars = 1 cm in a, b, 17 mm in c, 16 mm in d, 4 mm in e. 132 Novon sericeous or strigillose, especially when young, the older stems glabrate, the trichomes white or pale brown, thin, straight or curved, 0.2-0.6 mm long, the internodes 1-5 cm long. Leaves in whorls ol 3, those at a node subequal to unequal, one up to 50% larger than the others, petiolate; petioles 4-10 mm long, 0.6-1 mm diam., narrowly winged, strigose- strigillose or glabrate; lamina elliptic, narrowly el¬ liptic, or narrowly oblanceolate, 3-9 x 1-2.8 cm, stiffly chartaceous, drying discolorous, when young both surfaces sparsely sericeous with very thin, irag- ile white hairs to 1 mm long, adaxially often glabrate, abaxially with hairs persisting along costa and veins, the base acute or narrowly cuneate, often attenuate, the apex acute, the tip abruptly long acuminate, 0.8-2 cm long, the 2° veins 4-6 pairs, arcuate, camptodromous, the venation adaxially obscure and visible to 2° or 3°, abaxially dark and visible to 3° or 4°, the margin slightly revolute; stipules narrowly triangular, acuminate, erect, rigid, 2.5-4 x 1.5- 2 mm, united into a short sheath 0.3-0.4 mm long, externally sparsely strigillose, internally densely white-sericeous, the margins fringed with black col- leters. Inflorescence terminal, corymbiform-cymose, 5-8 x 3-4 cm (including the corollas), ca. 20-40- flowered, the peduncle trigonous, 1.5-3 cm x 1- 1.5 mm, strigillose-sericeous, the axes strigillose- sericeous, the 1° branches in 2-3 whorls of 3 sep¬ arated by short internodes 5-25 mm long, each 1° branch 5-12 mm long, subtended by a leaflike bract 13-35 x 3-11 mm, terminated by 2-5-flowered dichasia, the ultimate axes and flowers subtended by linear bracteoles 1.5-3.5 x 0.3-0.6 mm; flowers 4-merous, distylous, on strigillose pedicels 0.5-4 mm long, the hypanthium turbinate-cylindrical, 1.3 1.5 x 0.8-1 mm, sparsely or densely strigose- sericeous, the calyx cup 0.4 0.6 mm deep, the calyx lobes erect-spreading, sparsely or densely strigose, foliaceous, venose, unequal, the 3 smaller lobes lin¬ ear, 2-3 x 0.3-0.5 mm, the large lobe narrowly elliptic or oblanceolate, 3.5-5 x 1-1.5 mm, each sinus usually with a small, dark brown globose col- leter; corolla salverform at anthesis, yellow-green, white or pink when fresh, the tube 13-14 mm long, 1-1.3 mm wide distally, externally glabrate or stri- gose-sericeous, internally hirtellous in basal V 3 , the lobes spreading, subcircular, 2-2.5 x 2-2.5 mm, externally strigose toward base, internally glabrous, stamens sessile, anthers ellipsoid, 3 mm long, in¬ cluded in long-styled flowers, the tips exserted in short-styled flowers; style glabrous, 14 mm long in long-styled flowers, 5 mm long in short-styled flow¬ ers, the stigma lobes 0.8-1 mm long; disc 0.2 mm high. Capsules broadly ellipsoid or subglobose, 3.5- 5 X 3.5-4 mm, 8-ribbed, glabrate or with scattered hairs, the calyx lobes persistent, spreading, dehis¬ cence loculicidal then septicidal; seeds 0.5-0.6 mm long, irregularly angulate-cristate, testa brown, re¬ ticulate. Distribution. Known only from the La Fortuna Dam area in the Chiriqui province of Panama. Habitat. Lowland and lower montane rainforest from ca. 1,000 to 1,200 m elevation. Two of the collections were made from plants growing along a river or stream. Flowers were collected in March, August, and September and fruits in September. Rondeletia chiriquiana is closely allied to R. monteverdensis Lorence, which differs in being gla¬ brous or soon glabrescent throughout and by its larger floral bracteoles 4-5 mm long and larger calyx lobes, the 1-2 larger lobes oblanceolate, 8- 1 1 mm long, the 2-3 smaller lobes linear-ligulate, (3-)5-7 mm long (Lorence, 1991). In spite of their similarity, these two species differ in a number of discrete morphological characters and are geograph¬ ically separated. The new species is also related to R. calycosa J. D. Smith, which has similar-sized floral bracts and calyx lobes but differs in having consistently opposite leaves. Rondeletia montev¬ erdensis is known only from the Cordillera de Guan- acaste and Cordillera de Tilaran in northwestern Costa Rica at (1,200-)1,400 to 1,700 m elevation, and R. calycosa is known from the central highlands of Costa Rica on the Caribbean escarpment at 1,100- 1,700 m elevation. Paratypes. PANAMA. Chiriqui: La Fortuna hydro¬ electric project, trail along Hornito river drainage back to present end of road, 25 Mar. 1978, Hummel 2333 (MO); NE del campamento de Fortuna (Hornito sitio de prensa), 8°45'N, 82°15'W, 1,000-1,200 in, 24 Sep. 1976, Correa 4. et al. 269/? (F). Rondeletia megalantha Lorence, sp. now TYPE: Honduras. Cuyamel [Dept. Cortes, 15°38'N, 88°12'W, ca. 100 200 m elevation], 23 Aug. 1924, M. A. Carleton 6 53 (holotype, US no. 1208409; isotype, US no. 1208410). Fig¬ ure 8. Species pubescentia hirsuta ex trichomatibus 2-3 mm longis constanti, lobis calycinis 9 19 mm longis, 1 3 mm latis, corollae magnae tubo 30-32 mm longo. lobis 10- 15 mm longis, 8 12 mm latis a congeneribus bene dis- tincta. Habit unknown, presumably a shrub or small tree, the leafy twigs 2-3 mm diam., when young hirsute, later glabrescent, the trichomes 2-3 mm long, pale brown to whitish, simple, septate, often twisted, the internodes 1.5-6 cm long. Leaves opposite, those of a pair at a node subequal or somewhat unequal. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence Mexican and Mesoamerican Rubiaceae 133 Figure 8. Rondeletia megalantha Lorence (Carleton 653 (based on holotype, US, and isotype, US)). Bar — 1 cm. petiolate; petioles (0.6-)l-3.3 cm long, 0.8-1.2 mm diam., hirsute; lamina elliptic or broadly elliptic, 8- 14.5 x 3.2-9 cm, chartaceous, drying dark brown adaxially, paler greenish brown abaxially, adaxially hirsute with scattered pale brown to whitish, often twisted septate hairs 2-3 mm long, abaxially hirsute, the hairs dense and spreading along costa and veins, the base acute to obtuse, the apex abruptly acu¬ minate, the acumen 8-10 mm long, the 2° veins 9- 12 pairs, slightly arching, weakly brochidodrom- ous, the venation visible to 3°(-4°) on both surfaces, the margin ciliate; stipules persistent, erect, ovate, 14-17 x 10-11 mm, thin, brown, foliaceous, ex¬ ternally hirsute dorsally and on margins, internally villous basally with a densely white-villous ring at base. Inflorescence apparently terminal, becoming pseudo-axillary, cymose-corymbiform, 7-9-flow- ered, densely pale brown hirsute, the peduncle 2- 5 cm x 0.8- 1 mm, hirsute, the 1° branches 2, 6- 10 mm long, each bearing 3-4 flowers and sub¬ tended by a linear-lanceolate or ovate-lanceolate, 3(-5)-lobed bract 8-10 x 3 4 mm, with a solitary flower in axil of the 1° branches; flowers 4-merous, on pedicels 2-5 X 0.6 mm, each subtended by a lanceolate, entire or 2-3-lobed bract 8-12 x 1-2 mm, the hypanthium 5-7 X 3-4.5 mm, bisulcate, hirsute, the calyx cup 1 mm deep, the lobes folia¬ ceous, venose, unequal, the 3 smaller lobes linear- lanceolate, 9-11 X 1-1.5 mm, the larger lobe elliptic-lanceolate, 16-19 x 2.5-3 mm; corolla sal- verform at anthesis, white, the tube 30-32 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide distally, externally hirute, the lobes spreading, obovate, 10-15 x 8-12 mm, ex¬ ternally hirsute to hirsutulous basally and along one side, internally papillose-puberulent, more densely so basally; stamens and style included (material not adequate for dissection). Capsules ovoid, com¬ pressed, bisulcate, 8-9 x 6-7 mm, old capsules with dehiscence septicidal and loculicidal, the peri¬ carp disintegrating and leaving a loose basket of 6- 8 vascular bundles around endocarp; seeds not seen. Distribution and habitat. Known only from the type collection made near the Caribbean coast just east of the Guatemalan border, presumably in low¬ land rainforest. Flowers and old fruit were collected in August. Rondeletia megalantha is characterized by its exceptionally large corollas, hence the specific ep¬ ithet. This new species is most closely allied to R. 134 Novon uxpanapensis Lorence & Castillo-Campos from Ve¬ racruz, Mexico, also with hirsute pubescence and large white corollas (Lorence & Castillo-Campos, 1988). The latter species differs in having shorter trichomes 0.5-1.5 mm long, smaller stipules 3-6 mm long, smaller floral bracts 3-6 mm long, and smaller corollas with the tube 13-19 mm long and the lobes 5-9 x 3-6 mm. Rondeletia hondurensis J. D. Smith from Honduras also has large white flowers but differs in having leaves that are whitish pannose-tomentose beneath, stipules fused into an intrapetiolar sheath with 1-3 aristate lobes, and densely appressed-pubescent, 5-merous corollas. Sommera parva Lorence, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Chiapas: Municipio de Tila, Pie de Cerro “K’a- bana,” 900 m, 1 July 1982, Alush Mendez Ton (Alush Shilom Ton) 4367 (holotype, MEXU; isotypes, BM, F, MO, NY, PTBG, US, XAL). Figure 9. Species insigniter habitu fruticoso 50-100 cm alto, lamina 35-105 x 8-25 inm, petiolis 2-10 mm longis, floribus parvis, corollae tubo 3 4 mm longo et lobis 2-3 mm longis a congeneribus bene distincta. Shrub or treelet 0.5-1 m tall, the branches vir- gate, the twigs 1.5-2 mm diam., compressed, mod¬ erately to densely strigillose-hirtellous, the trichomes pale fulvous, setose, unicellular, the larger ones to 0.7 mm long, mixed with much shorter ones, the internodes 0.4-2.5(-5) cm long. Leaves opposite, petiolate, those of a pair subequal to unequal; pet¬ ioles 2-10 x 0.6-1 mm, moderately to densely strigillose, adaxially flattened or canaliculate, slightly winged distally; lamina oblanceolate to narrowly ob- ovate, 3.5-10.5 x 0.8-2.5 cm, chartaceous, slight¬ ly discolorous, drying green to brownish green, both surfaces strigillose-setose along the costa and veins, the intervenal areas sparsely hirtellous-setose, the base narrowly cuneate, slightly decurrent, the apex acuminate, the acumen 7-1 1 mm long, falcate, the 2° veins 7-9 pairs, weakly festooned brochidodrom- ous, the 3° veins numerous, reticulate, the 4° veins parallel and striate within the 3° areoles, the venation visible to 3° adaxially, prominent and visible to 4° abaxially, the margin callose, ciliolate, finely and irregularly sinuate-denticulate; stipules caducous, narrowly triangular, 10-13 x 2.5-3.5 mm basally, carinate, externally strigillose dorsally, internally glabrous, the margins scarious. Inflorescence axil¬ lary, solitary, a 3-9-flowered dichasium or thyrse, 2-4 X 1.5-2 cm, the axes densely strigillose-hir¬ tellous, the peduncles 8-30 x 1 mm, compressed, the 1° branches bracteolate, the bracteoles lanceo¬ late, 3-10 mm long, carinate, strigillose-hirtellous; flowers 5(rarely 4)-merous, on pedicels 13 mm long, the hypanthium broadly turbinate, 1-1.5 x 1-1.5 mm, costate, densely strigillose, the calyx cup 0.5-0.7 mm deep, the calyx lobes unequal or rarely equal, elliptic to oblanceolate, 2-4 x 1-2 mm, venose, externally hirtellous-strigillose, inter¬ nally hirtellous, the apex acute to obtuse; corolla scarcely exceeding the calyx, yellow when fresh, at anthesis shortly tubular, the tube 3-4 x 1.2-1.8 mm distally, externally finely strigillose, the basal half glabrous, internally glabrous below the stamens, the throat densely villosulous-barbate, the corolla lobes thick, ovate to elliptic, 2-3 x 1 -1.5 mm, externally finely hirtellous-papillose, internally densely villosulous-papillose medially to the base, the apex acute; stamens included, the anthers ellip¬ soid, 1-1.2 mm long, the filaments 1.2-1.4 mm long, villosulous, affixed midway in the tube; style slightly exserted, 4.6 4.8 mm long, densely villo¬ sulous in distal half, the 2 villosulous stigmas 1.2- 1.4 mm long, the disc low, 1 mm diam. Fruits subglobose, 7-8 mm diam., baccate, glabrate, crowned by the persistent calyx; seeds numerous, light brown, irregularly elliptic or ovoid, angulate, 1.3-1.9 mm long, the testa foveolate. Distribution. Mexico, known only from north- central Chiapas near the towns of Petalcingo and Lila. Flowering in May and fruiting in October and December. Hnbitat. Lower montane and montane evergreen rainforest from about 900 to 1,700 m elevation. Sommera is a genus of approximately 13 species occurring in southern Mexico, Central America, and South America to Peru and Brazil. L. 0. Williams (1973) reviewed the Central American and Mexican species but failed to provide a key or illustrate the four species he described as new. Sommera parva is easily distinguished from its congeners by the following combination of characters: small habit, small oblanceolate leaves, and small flowers with unequal calyx lobes. Sommera fusca Oersted ex Standley from Oaxaca also has comparatively small leaves, but they are elliptic and much broader than those of S. parva. The only other species with strongly unequal calyx lobes is S. arborescens Schle- chtendal from Oaxaca, Veracruz, Chiapas, and Gua¬ temala, but it has much larger, glabrous or pilose- strigose leaves 7 29 x 1.8-12 cm with more nu¬ merous secondary veins (9-13 pairs) that are bar¬ bate in the axils below. Paratypes. MEXICO. Chiapas: Mun. of Huitiupan (as 4 ‘Peltalcingo , ‘), Ahk'ulbal Nab above Petalcingo (as "Peltalcingo"), 1,700 m, Breedlove 56138 (MEXU); Mun. de Tila, Pie del Cerro Ak'bana, 800 in, I. Mendez Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence Mexican and Mesoamerican Rubiaceae 135 Figure 9. Sommera parva Lorence. —a. Habit. -b. Habit, fruiting twig. —c. Gynoecium with calyx opened to show style. —d. Corolla, opened. —e. f ruit, a, Mendez Ton 4367 (PTBG); b, e, Mendez Ton 4953 (PTBG); c, d, Mendez Ton 6007 (PTBG). Bars = 1 cm in a. b. 1 mm in c-e. Ton 6007 ( 4. Shilom Ton) (MEXU, MO, PIBG); Mun. de Yajalon, Banco de Grava, 800 m, 4. Mendez Ton 4953 ( 4. Shilom Ton) (MEYl , MO, PTBG). Acknowledgments. Special thanks are due to Ann Farrer (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) and Anna Asquith for the skillfully rendered line drawings, Charlotte M. Taylor for providing many useful com¬ ments on the manuscript, and Roy Gereau for as¬ sistance with the Latin diagnoses. I am grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for making their collections available for study: CAS, DAV, DS, ENCB, F, GH, MEXU, MO, TEX, US. Fieldwork in Mexico was supported by CONACYT (Mexico) grant no. PCECBNA-021719, as well as by the Instituto de Biologia, U.N.A.M. Literature Cited Anon. 1982. Flora Mesoamericana. Guia para autores. Guide for authors. Missouri Botanical Garden, Insti¬ tuto de Biologia, U.N.A.M., Mexico, and British Mu¬ seum (Natural History). 136 Novon Blackwell, W. H. 1968. Revision of Bouvardia (Ru- biaceae). Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 55: 1-30. Dwyer, J. D. 1980. Cephaelis. In: Flora of Panama. Rubiaceae. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 67: 59-82. Lorence, D. H. 1991. New species and combinations in Mexican and Central American Rondeletia (Ru¬ biaceae). Novon 1: 135-157. - & G. Castillo-Campos. 1988. Tres nuevas es- pecies y una nueva combinacion en el genero Ron¬ deletia (Rubiaceae, Rondeletieae) de Veracruz y Oa¬ xaca, Mexico. Biotica 13: 147-157. - & J. D. Dwyer. 1987. New taxa in Mexican Psychotria (Rubiaceae, Psychotrieae). Bol. Soc. Bot. Mexico 47: 49-64. MacDougall, T. 1971. The Chima wilderness. Explor¬ er's J. 49: 86 103. Molina R., A. 1953. Revision de las especies de Ce¬ phaelis de Mexico, Centro America y las Antillas. Ceiba 4: 1-38. Standley, P. C. & L. 0. Williams. 1975. Cephaelis. In: Flora of Guatemala. Rubiaceae. Fieldiana: Bot. 24(11): 57-60. Steyermark, J. A. 1972. Psychotria. In: The hotany of the Guayana Highland—Part IX. Rubiaceae. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 23: 227-832. Stix, J. A. 1975. Thomas Bailie MacDougall — Natu¬ ralist and collector. Curator 18: 270-276. Taylor, C. M. & A. Pool. Taxonomic notes on Psychotria (Rubiaceae) in western South America. (In press.) -, B. E. Hammel & W. C. Burger. 1991. New species, combinations, and records in Rubiaceae from the Ta Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Selbyana 12: 134-140. Williams, L. O. 1973. Sommera (Rubiaceae) in North America. Phytologia 26: 121-126. Kanaloa , a New Genus of Fabaceae (Mimosoideae) from Hawaii David H. Lorence and Kenneth R. Wood National Tropical Botanical Garden, P.0. Box 340, Lawai, Kauai, Hawaii 96765, U.S.A. Abstract. Kanaloa fcahoolawensis Lorence & K. R. Wood, a new genus and species of Fabaceae subfamily Mimosoideae tribe Mimoseae, is described from the Hawaiian Island of Kaho‘olawe. Based on morphology, wood anatomy, pollen structure, and chromosome number (2 n = 28), Kanaloa is de¬ scribed as a monotypic genus of shrubs allied to genera belonging to the Leucaena and Dichrosta- chys groups of Mimoseae, from which it is differ¬ entiated by its tergeminate leaves, monospermous fruits inertly dehiscent along two sutures with the valves separating into inner and outer envelopes, and large cordiform seeds. The new genus is ex¬ tremely rare and currently known from only two remaining plants on Kaho'olawe, a small, arid, and highly disturbed island. Fossil pollen attributable to Kanaloa has been found in core samples from low¬ land sites on O'ahu dating to the early Pleistocene. Because of their great isolation and considerable age, the Hawaiian Islands harbor a unique and re¬ markable flora with a higher degree of endemism— about 90% of the angiosperms—than any compa¬ rable area of the world. These islands have been relatively well botanized, and the angiosperm flora of Hawai'i is well known from a modern floristic treatment (Wagner et al., 1990). Therefore, the discovery of an unusual leguminous shrub not as¬ signable to any genus known from Hawai'i was an unexpected surprise, particularly on an island as small and degraded as Kaho'olawe. Kaho‘olawe is the smallest of the major Hawaiian Islands (Fig. 1), with a surface area of 1 16 km- and a maximum elevation of 450 m. The island is arid due to its low elevation and location in the rain shadow of the much larger Maui. Study of the nu¬ merous archaeological sites on Kaho‘olawe indicates it was inhabited by Hawaiians from about A.D. 1000, and by the time of Western contact in 1779 much of the island’s vegetation had been cleared for ag¬ riculture (Kirch, 1985: 144-154). Kaho'olawe was used as a penal colony by the Hawaiian monarchy from 1826 to 1853 after which it was leased for ranching (Perlman, 1992). Although Kaho'olawe proved too dry and barren for successful ranching operations, feral goat and sheep populations became established and devastated the island's little remain¬ ing vegetation, resulting in massive soil erosion (Kirch, 1985). During World War II the island was appro¬ priated by the U.S. military for training troops and as a target for ship-to-shore guns and aerial bombing. It is still used as a bombing target by the U.S. Navy. The central plateau of Kaho'olawe now consists of a barren lateritic hardpan whose soil has been lost by erosion. Conservation efforts to restore the is¬ land’s vegetation and control feral animals are now being undertaken by the Department of Land and Natural Resources of the State of Hawai'i and the Protect Kaho'olawe ‘Ohana, a native Hawaiian ac¬ tivist organization. There is currently a movement to return the island to the State of Hawai'i for management by ethnic Hawaiians, practice of Ha¬ waiian culture, and educational purposes. While participating in a botanical survey of Kaho'olawe conducted by The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii in March 1992, the second author and Steve Perlman, field collectors for the Hawaii Plant Conservation Center (HPCC) of the National Trop¬ ical Botanical Garden, found an unusual shrubby Fabaceae. Subsequent visits revealed a second in¬ dividual located nearby. Both plants were confined to native coastal shrubland on ‘Ale'ale Stack (Fig. 1), a steep rocky spire almost separated from the main island by erosion (Perlman, 1992). Herbarium specimens were studied by botanists familiar with the Pacific islands’ flora and Fabaceae specialists, none of whom recognized the plant. It was also run through the keys in treatments for Hawaiian Fa¬ baceae (Geesink et al., 1990; Rock, 1920) and for all known genera of Mimosoideae (Lewis & Elias, 1981) without arriving at a satisfactory generic placement. An examination of specimens at the BISH, NY, and PTBG herbaria yielded nothing comparable to this extraordinary plant. Subsequent study of the plant’s morphology, wood anatomy, chromosome number, and pollen has convinced us that it rep¬ resents a new genus with unclear affinities belonging to subfamily Mimosoideae, tribe Mimoseae. Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. R. W ood, gen. et sp. nov. TYPE: Hawaiian Islands. Kaho'olawe: Makawao District, ‘Ale'ale stack, near Pu'u Koa'e, mixed native coastal shrub- land, 45 m, 18 Mar. 1992, K. R. Wood, S. Perlman, J. Lau & C. Rowland 1733 (holo- type, PTBG; isotypes, BISH, US). Figure 2. Novon 4: 137-145. 1994. 138 Novon Figure 1. Map of main Hawaiian Islands, with inset of Kaho'olawe showing location of Kanaloa populate Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence & Wood Kanaloa 139 Frutices inermes. Folia stipulis liberis, ovatis, crassis, persistentibus; petiolo apice nectarium cupuliforme sessile unicum adaxialiter gerenti; lamina tergeminata, i.e., pinnis duabus utraque apice foliolorum par unum etiam basi foliolum proximalem unicum gerenti. Flores staminati numerosi in capitulos globosos dispositi, 5-meri, unusqu- isque bractea peltata subtentus; calyce obconico, lobulis parvis alabastro valvatis; petalis alabastro valvatis, oblan- ceolatis; staminibus 10 exsertis, basi connatis, antheris ellipsoideis dorsifixis glabris extrorse dehiscentibus, polline tricolporatum in monates disperso. Flores hermaphroditi non visi. Fructus breviter stipitati bivalvati compressi, ex obovatis suborbiculares, utrinque dehiscentes, ut videtur uniseminales; endocarpio papyraceo ab exocarpio sece- denti; semine compresso irregulariter cordiformi, pleu- rogramum humile immersum gerenti. Shrubs 0.75-1 m tall, unarmed, densely branched, the branches decumbent, 0.75-1.5 m long, the new growth densely brown hirtellous-villosulous with straight and curly, white and brown simple trichomes 0.1-0.3 mm long, the twigs 2-4 mm diam., brown, longitudinally ribbed or angled, becoming whitish gray with corky fissures, knobby with large rounded buds and persistent stipules and leaf bases, the leaves clustered near twig tips, brachyblasts absent; stipules free, paired, ovate, 1.5-2 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, densely villosulous, the apex acute, antrorsely curved, the thickened bases persistent, transversely fissured; leaves tergeminately bipinnate, the petiole 6-24 mm long, 0.8-1 mm diam., white hirtellous and brown villosulous, apically with a single leaf nectary adaxially at junction with pinnae, 0.5 0.8 mm diam., ellipsoid, sessile, the margin hirtellous, the concavity glabrous; pinnae one pair, 22-55 mm long, each pinna bearing a pair of terminal leaflets and a single smaller proximal leaflet basally, the pulvinules hirtellous, 1-1.5 mm long, the rachis terminated by a short, acute brown appendage; leaf¬ lets unequal-sided, ovate-elliptic, 1.4-4.2 x 0.9- 3.2 cm, the base truncate to subcordate, tlie apex obtuse or rounded, stiffly chartaceous, discolorous, finely strigillose below when young, the margin cil- iolate, the 2° veins 3-4 on a side, the ultimate venation finely reticulate, visible to 5° on both sur¬ faces. Inflorescences 1-3 per leaf axil, developing with a flush of new leaves, the peduncle 8-30 x 0.4 mm, hirtellous, the capitula 6-8 mm diam. including stamens; bracteoles 1-1.5 mm long, the peltate apex villosulous. Flowers white, 20-54 per capitulum. Staminate flowers with calyx limb ob- conic, 1-1.3 mm long, densely white villosulous in apical 14; calyx lobes 5, valvate in bud, 0.1-0.2 mm long, triangular, incurved, brown-villosulous; corolla valvate in bud, the petals 1.5-1.8 x 0.5-0.7 mm, oblanceolate, cucullate, apiculate, 1 -veined, exter¬ nally hirtellous apically, separate at base; stamens 10, exserted, the filaments 2-3 mm long, glabrous, connate at base, the anthers dorsifixed, ellipsoid, 0.6-0.8 mm long, glabrous, lacking glands, tbe de¬ hiscence extrorse; vestigial gynoecium subsessile, 0.5-0.7 mm long, the stigma truncate; disc absent. Hermaphroditic flowers not seen. Pollen tricolpor- ate, in monads. Fruits on a stipe 4-5 mm long, up to 4 per capitulum, 2.4-3.2 x 2-2.3 cm, obovate or subcircular, compressed, coriaceous, externally hirtellous basally, with transverse cross veins, 2-valved, inertly dehiscent along both thin margins, the valves separating into inner and outer envelopes, the slender brown seed funicle 2-3 mm long; seed 1 per fruit, cordiform, brown, 1-1.3 x 1.1-1.6 cm, with a low inset pleurogram. 2n = 28. Distribution. Known only from Kaho‘olawe, where two plants were found growing on a small, spirelike peninsula known as ‘Ale’ale stack located at Ka- mohio Bay on the island’s south coast at 20°30.79’N, 156°36.30'W. Habitat. Kanaloa occurs on steep, rocky talus slopes at 45-60 m elevation with a substrate con¬ sisting of oxisols derived from basaltic lavas. The area harbors intact mixed native coastal shrubland with Sida fallax Walpers, Senna gaudichaudii (Hooker & Arnott) H. Irwin & Barneby, Bidens mauiensis (A. Gray) Sherff, Lipochaeta lavarum (Gaudichaud-Beaupre) DC., and Portulaca molok- iniensis Hobdy as dominant species. Other associ¬ ates include Heteropogon contortus (L.) P. Beauvois ex Roemer & Schultes, Chamaesyce celastroides (Boissier) Croizat & Degener var. amplectens (Sherff) Degener & I. Degener, Capparis sandwichiana DC., Waltheria indica L., Doryopteris decipiens (Hooker) J. Smith, Portulaca villosa Chamisso, Ipomoea tuboides Degener & Ooststroom, Maris- cus phleoides Nees ex Kunth subsp. phleoides, Eragrostis atropioides Hillebrand, Panicum fauriei Hitchcock var. latius (St. John) Davidse, and P. torridum Gaudichaud-Beaupre. Some of these na¬ tive plants are rare Hawaiian endemics, the only alien species being Emelia fosbergii Nicolson, Chlo- ris barbata (L.) Swartz, and Nicotiana glauca R. C. Graham. The area is also a nesting site for Bul- wer’s petrels and wedge-tailed shearwaters. The fact that k Ale‘ale stack is almost separated from Kaho‘olawe by a gap too steep for goats to cross explains the existence of the intact mixed coastal shrubland at this site. Phenology and reproduction. The plants were observed to be briefly deciduous in October, after which a flush of new leaves was produced and partial expansion of the flower buds occurred. Brief flow¬ ering periods, apparently lasting only a few days, took place after heavy rains in November and again 140 Novon Figure 2. Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. R. Wood. —a. Habit and habitat. —b. Branch. —c. Flowering twig. —d. Nectary on petiole apex. e. Infructescence. —f. Seed. —g. Head of staminate flowers at anthesis. — Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence & Wood Kanaloa 141 in April or May. No young plants were observed, although old stems of approximately 12 to 15 dead individuals were seen nearby. No hermaphroditic flowers were found among the numerous capitula examined (mostly fallen dried capitula, plus several fresh ones from cuttings in the HPCC nursery). The paucity of hermaphroditic flowers may account for the plants’ low fruit set and fecundity; only four fruits were found on one plant and one old fruit under the other. Environmental conditions or stress appear to influence the proportion of hermaphroditic versus male flowers produced in Desmanthus Willd- enow (M. Luckow, pers. comm.), and this also may be the case in Kanaloa. Paratypes. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS. Kaho'olawe: Makawao District, ‘Ale'ale stack, near Pu'u Koa'e, 50° NE aspect, 45-60 m, 17 May 1992, Wood et al. 1922 (PTBG), 14 July 1992, Wood & Perlman 2006 (NY, PTBG), 2 Sep. 1992, Wood 2070 (K, PTBG), 16 Oct. 1992, Wood & Perlman 2121 (NY, OXF, PTBG), Wood cY Perlman 2122 (PTBG), 14 May 1993, Lorence et al. 7379 (BH. PTBG), Lorence et al. 7380 (PTBG). Nomenclature. The discovery of this new genus was first alluded to in an article by its co-discoverer in June 1992 (Perlman, 1992). Subsequently Yosh- ioka & Gon (1993) used our name Kanaloa ka- hoolawensis [but without author, Latin diagnosis, citation of a type or other specimens] when referring to the plant in a popular article on kaho'olawe published in March 1993. .Although Yoshioka and Gon obviously did not intend to validly publish the name, its premature and unauthorized use was un¬ fortunate, resulting in publication of a nomen nu¬ dum. Etymology. Kanaloa is the name of a major Ha¬ waiian deity closely associated with Kaho'olawe. Ac¬ cording to Hawaiian legend, Kanaloa used the island as a place where he could rest and recoup his en¬ ergies. Gonsequently, the island is dedicated to Kan¬ aloa, which was used as an alternate name for Kaho'olawe: “kohe malama malama o Kanaloa,” meaning the place or womb for the resuscitation of Kanaloa (Abraham Piianaia, pers. comm., 1992). Kanaloa also means “secure, firm, immovable, es¬ tablished, unconquerable” (Pukui & Elbert. 1986). Such attributes are certainly essential for this plant to have survived despite the severe degradation of the island. Pollen morphology (contributed by Jerome V. Ward). A pollen sample was obtained from fallen capitula collected in the litter layer beneath one of the plants ( Wood & Perlman 2006, voucher PTBG). Anthers were removed from flowers, treated with KOH and acetolysis solution, mounted in glycerine jelly (Erdtman, 1960), and examined in light mi¬ croscopy (LM). For scanning electron microscopy (SEM), pollen residue in alcohol was strewn onto a stub, coated with gold-palladium, and viewed in a Hitachi S570 scanning electron microscope. Sam¬ ples for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were prepared using the technique outlined by Skvarla (1966, 1973) except that the pollen was concentrated in SeaPlaque agarose, and after de¬ hydration the material was embedded in Spurr’s resin. Thin sections were collected on 200 mesh copper grids, stained with 10% uranyl acetate in 100% methanol and 0.4% aqueous lead citrate, and examined with a Philips 301 transmission electron microscope. The pollen of Kanaloa kahoolawensis (Fig. Sa¬ il) is spheroidal to subspheroidal, with the polar and equatorial diameter range of 26-41 /im and a mean of 31 /am (n = 30). The grains are tricolporate monads with conspicuous subcircular annulate en- doapertures (ora) visible in light microscopy (Figs. 3c, d). The colpi are long with distinct margins, revealing a finely granular membrane. In SEM the surface sculpturing is seen to be comprised of anas¬ tomosing muri forming a finely rugulate pattern, with their loose ends extending slightly from the exine surface. In TEM the exine structure has a tectal and a columellar or interstitium layer of about equal thick¬ ness, each comprising about 27% of the total exine. The lower tectal surface also shows a finely rugulate pattern in TEM (Fig. 3h), but the elements are finer than those found on the outer surface. The colu- rnellae are intermediate in complexity, being irreg¬ ular in shape, of varying thickness, and occasionally branched. In some sectional views (Fig. 3h) inter¬ stitial muri can be seen to project vertically from the foot layer and merge with the tectal sculpture above. The foot layer comprises about 35% of the exine, while the endexine at equatorial mesocolpium is thinner than any other layer at around 11% of the total thickness. In the lower portion of the foot layer, thin lamellae are visible which intergrade into the upper endexine and become more evident there due to the contrast difference. The lower endexine is irregular over much of the surface. Under the h. Staminate flower. —i. Vestigial pistil from staminate flower. —j. Petal. —k. Peltate floral bract. Scales b, c, e, f, g = 1 cm, d = 2 mm, h = 3 mm, i = 1 mm, j, k = 1.5 mm. (Composite drawing based on type, cited specimens, and photos.) 142 Novon Figure 3. Pollen of Kanaloa kahoolawensis Lorence & K. R. Wood in light and electron microscopy, a d. Light micrographs in high and mid foci. —a, h. Polar view. —c, d. Equatorial view showing prominent os. —e. SEM in polar view. —f. SEM of surface showing detail of finely rugulate sculpture, g, h. TEM, transverse section. —g. Whole grain. —h. Close-up of same section showing exine stratification. Scales a-e, g = 5pm, f, h = 1pm. (From Wood & Perlman 2006, PTBG.) Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence & Wood Kanaloa 143 apertures the endexine becomes much thicker and is lamellated, while the foot layer thins. The pollen of Mimosoideae has been shown to be tectate, predominately occurring in compound units with a granular infratectal structure and porate ap¬ ertures (Guinet, 1981a, 1981b). The tricolporate single grain is probably the basic or unspecialized type within the subfamily (Guinet, 1981a). Single tricolporate pollen with tectate columellar structure is uncommon within the Mimosoideae but occurs more frequently in certain genera (Guinet, 1981a). This condition is typical of the Dichrostachys (DC.) Wight & Arnott group (including Desmanthus, Di¬ chrostachys, Gagnebina Necker ex DC., and Nep- tunia Loureiro), and the Leucaena Bentham group (including Leucaena and Schleinitzia Warburg) sensu Lewis & Elias (1981). Both Dichrostachys and Gagnebina have mostly compound pollen (tet¬ rads or polyads), although monads with coarsely verrucate sculpture occur in the Dichrostachys ci- nerea (L.) W ight & Arnott group. Schleinitzia has large compound grains that are loosely attached (acalymmate), as shown by Nevling & Niezgoda (1978). The remaining three closely related genera, Desmanthus, Neptunia, and Leucaena, show the closest resemblance to the new taxon in pollen mor¬ phology. Neptunia and Desmanthus produce ex¬ clusively tricolporate monads, and nearly all species have striate to rugulo-striate sculpture pattern; Nep¬ tunia has, in addition, annulate endoapertures. Both genera have well-developed columellae, which would be expected, since Guinet (1981a) has shown this character to correlate with the tricolporate condi¬ tion. Of the approximately 40 species of Leucaena, only two (L. glabrata Rose and L. gregii S. W atson) form tricolporate monads with rugulate to subru- gulate sculpture similar to grains of Kanaloa. Remarkably, fossil pollen attributable to Kanaloa (Unknown Tricolporate Type 1 of Athens et al., 1992, and Legume Type of Athens & Ward, 1993) was recovered from Quaternary lowland deposits on Maui and 0‘ahu, which indicates Kanaloa once had a more widespread distribution (Jerome W ard, pers. comm., 1994). On 0‘ahu, pollen data confirm the presence of Kanaloa from early Pleistocene to about 800 years B. P., when it was extirpated as a result of human destruction of the lowland forest (Athens et al., 1992; Athens & W ard, 1993). Chromosome number (contributed by Michael Kiehn). Kanaloa kahoolawensis has 2 n = 28 chro¬ mosomes. This mitotic number has been established from two different chromosome fixations: a field fixation ( Wood 2070, voucher PTBG) and a fixation from cuttings of the same collection at the National Tropical Botanical Garden nursery (MK-920902- 1 /4). The fixations were made in a fresh 3 : 1 mix¬ ture of 96% ethanol and glacial acetic acid. After hydrolysis in 5 N HCI for 50 minutes at 20°C, chromosomes were stained using the Feulgen meth¬ od, as other staining methods (e.g., aceto-carmine or Giemsa) gave only poor results. Counts were carried out on several cells from young flower buds: meristematic cells of developing corolla lobes from very young buds, and cells from young anthers before the first meiotic division. In prometaphase most of the chromosomes measure between 1.4 fim and 2.0 /urn, but one pair is longer (ca. 2.4-2.6 /urn). All chromosomes are clearly structured and most are metacentric to submetacentric. Besides having prominent centromeres, at least two of the chromosomes of the diploid set seemingly have sec¬ ondary constrictions, and at least one pair of NOR- chromosomes is present. A base number of x = 14 is indicated for the Mimosoideae (Goldblatt, 1981). In the Leucaena group counts of 2n = 36, 52, 56, and 104 have been published for Leucaena, and 2 n = 52 and 54 for Schleinitzia (Lewis & Elias, 1981; Geesink et al., 1990). In the Dichrostachys group the following numbers have been reported (Lewis & Elias, 1981; Goldblatt, 1981): 2 n = 26 for Gagnebina, 2 n = 28 for Desmanthus, 2 n = 28, 36, 54, 56, 78 for Neptunia, and 2 n = 50, 56 for Dichrostachys. Although a count of 2n = 28 for Kanaloa is con¬ sistent with base numbers of x = 14 for a number of genera in Mimoseae, a comparison of chromo¬ some morphology may further elucidate affinities of Kanaloa with other genera. Wood anatomy (contributed by Regis B. Miller). The wood anatomy description is based on a branch sample (Wood et al. 1922, MADw 46696). All features listed in the I AW A Standard List (I AW A Committee, 1989) were examined. Features not spe¬ cifically mentioned are either absent or not appli¬ cable. No main stem heartwood was available, and thus several macroscopic features could not be an¬ alyzed. The following description treats only the microscopic features. Growth rings distinct (separated by marginal bands of parenchyma and the crowding of vessels in the early wood); diffuse-porous. Vessels in short radial multiples; 85-120 per mm 2 ; 42-66 jum in tangential diameter; 140-340 /im in element length. Perfo¬ ration plates simple. Intervessel pits vestured; al¬ ternate; circular or oval; 5-6 /um diam.; vessel-ray pitting with distinct borders; similar to intervessel pits in size and shape. Helical thickenings absent. Tyloses infrequent or absent. Fibers septate; thin- to thick-walled; 413 679 /um in length; pits simple to minutely bordered. Vascular or vasicentric tra- 144 Novon cheids absent. Paratracheal parenchyma vasicen- tric, aliform, and confluent (confluent parenchyma only occasionally present). Aliform parenchyma winged type. Banded parenchyma in marginal (or seemingly marginal) bands. Axial parenchyma most¬ ly 2-4 cells per parenchyma strand (sometimes fu¬ siform parenchyma cells also present). Rays hom- ocellular, typically procumbent; 4-12 per mm (mostly 9-15); exclusively uniseriate (rarely in part biseriate); 125-233 jam in height. Storied structure not observed. Prismatic crystals abundant and in chambered axial parenchyma (very long chains); one crystal per cell or chamber. Silica absent. The wood anatomy of Kanaloa falls within the range of variability exhibited by Leucaena (material of the other genera in the Leucaena and Dichros¬ tachys groups was not available for comparison). Features similar in both genera include septate fi¬ bers, similar sized and shaped intervessel and vessel- ray pits, general parenchyma pattern, and non-sto- ried homocellular rays. The major difference be¬ tween the two genera is ray width; exclusively uni¬ seriate in Kanaloa and multiseriate (generally 2-5 cells) in Leucaena. However, most quantitative fea¬ tures such as vessel diameter and frequency, ray height and width, and vessel element and fiber length are smaller, more numerous, or shorter than those of Leucaena. These trends may be attributed to habit (Leucaena usually a tree vs. Kanaloa a shrub), habitat, or the fact that the only sample of Kanaloa studied is from a branch. Affinities. Using the Mimoseae treatment of Lew¬ is & Elias (1981), Kanaloa keys out to their Leu¬ caena group (which includes Leucaena and Schlein- itzia) or Dichrostachys group (which includes Desmanthus, Dichrostachys, Gagnehina , A eptu- nia, and the recently described Calliandropsis H. Hernandez & Guinet). Nevertheless, Kanaloa does not fit readily into genera of either group. Features which Kanaloa shares with one or more members of these two groups include: lack of spines or prick¬ les; presence of sessile foliage glands; sepals valvate; petals valvate and free to the base; stamens connate only at base; anthers glabrous and eglandular; pollen grains tricolporate monads; ovary sessile or shortly stipitate; fruit unjointed; and seeds compressed. Kanaloa shares the following specialized characters with certain of these genera: inflorescence a head (with Leucaena, Schleinitzia, and Desmanthus); absence of an involucel (with the Dichrostachys group); flowers subtended by persistent peltate bracts (with Desmanthus and Leucaena). Specialized char¬ acters unique to Kanaloa include its tergeminate leaf formula, large cordiform seeds, and fruits that are small, apparently monospermous, coriaceous, unwinged, and inertly dehiscent along two sutures with the valves separating into inner and outer en¬ velopes. Members of the Leucaena group have heads with persistent peltate floral bracts, apical bisexual flow¬ ers, and basal staminate flowers. Although only sta- minate flowers were observed in available inflores¬ cences of Kanaloa, this character may be environmentally induced as fruit development re¬ quires at least occasional production of perfect flow¬ ers. Schleinitzia differs from Kanaloa in having anther-glands, acalymmate compound pollen grains, and slightly winged fruit valves that split at the edges but do not separate over the seed-chambers, kan¬ aloa most closely resembles Leucaena in lacking anther-glands and having unwinged fruits with valves splitting along both sutures at maturity. However, Kanaloa differs from both these genera in lacking an involucel under the capitulum and having unique monospermous fruits and cordiform seeds. Pollen of Leucaena is usually compound, but two species have pollen in monads like Kanaloa. Although the spe¬ cialized tergeminate leaf formula of Kanaloa is un¬ known in the l.eucaena and Dichrostachys groups, it has arisen independently in several other mimosoid genera including Acacia Miller, Mimosa L., and Calliandra Bentham, and consequently represents a weak generic character with regard to the sub¬ family (R. Barneby, pers. comm., 1993). The Dichrostachys group is characterized by: the presence of neuter or nonfunctional staminate flowers with showy staminodia toward the base of the inflorescence (sometimes caducous), a middle zone of staminate flowers, and hermaphroditic flow¬ ers toward the apex; free petals and stamens; a subsessile ovary; unjointed fruits; and the absence of a nectary disc. These features all occur in Kan¬ aloa, although it differs by the absence of neuter staminodial flowers, extreme rarity or lack of her¬ maphroditic flowers (may be environmentally in¬ duced), and presence of peltate floral bracts. Di¬ chrostachys differs from Kanaloa in having short shoots with spines or persistent fused stipules, spikes with sterile basal flowers and bisexual terminal ones, and pollen in tetrads or polyads, rarely in monads. Gagnehina differs in having elongate upper flowers in bud, basifixed linear anthers, compound pollen grains, and usually winged, indehiscent fruits. Des¬ manthus is distinguished from Kanaloa by its sub- sessile, generally linear fruits with multiple oblique or longitudinal seeds and subulate stipules usually with auricles. A eptunia differs from Kanaloa by its fruits with usually transverse seeds and ovate to lanceolate, striately nerved stipules. The stipules of Kanaloa look most like those found in the monotypic Mexican genus Calliandropsis, although the latter has very different floral bracts (M. Luckow, pers. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Lorence & Wood Kanaloa 145 comm., 1993). Persistent stipule bases also occur in Desmanthus and Dichrostachys but are struc¬ turally quite different from those of Kanaloa. Kan¬ aloa is set apart from genera in the Dichrostachys group by having large rounded buds, capitula with virtually all staminate flowers, peltate floral bracts (present in Desmanthus), inertly dehiscent mono- spermous fruits, and cordiform seeds. Unfortunate¬ ly, we have not been able to locate hermaphroditic flowers of Kanaloa to study the style tip and ascertain whether or not the gynoecium is truly uni- ovulate—a feature that would be unique in the Mi- mosoideae—or whether the fruits are monosper- mous by abortion. In summary, Kanaloa shares certain morpho¬ logical, wood anatomical, chromosomal, and paly- nological features with a number of genera in the Dichrostachys and Leucaena groups, but its unique combination of characters precludes its placement in any known genus. In terms of its chromosome number and pollen structure, Kanaloa is most sim¬ ilar to Desmanthus, Neptunia, and particularly Leu¬ caena. Interestingly, Goldblatt (1981) noted a strong correlation between the occurrence of x = 14 and the primitive mimosoid condition of monad pollen. Wood anatomy of Kanaloa resembles that of I.eu- caena (but comparison to other genera is lacking). DNA studies of Kanaloa are currently in progress (Melissa Luckow, pers. comm., 1994), and these may shed more light on the phylogenetic affinities of this fascinating plant. Acknowledgments. We are grateful to Rupert Barneby for valuable suggestions, encouragement, and for sharing with us his knowledge of mimosoid systematics. We are indebted to Michael Kiehn of the University of Vienna for providing the chro¬ mosome count, Regis B. Miller of the USD A Forest Products Laboratory for contributing the wood anat¬ omy section, and Jerome V. Ward for providing the photos and discussion on pollen morphology. The able assistance of Carol Hotton of the Smithsonian Institution for SEM and Maria Toivio-Kinnucan of Auburn University for TEM is gratefully acknowl¬ edged. The pen-and-ink drawing is the skilled work of Anna Asquith, and Michael Egan prepared the map. We thank Colin Hughes and Melissa Luckow' for providing useful suggestions on the paper, Phi¬ lippe Guinet and David and Lida Burney for helpful comments on mimosoid pollen morphology, and Roy Cereau for translating the Latin description. Thanks are given to The Nature Conservancy of Hawaii for field support, the Kaho’olawe Conveyance Commis¬ sion, under whose auspices the survey was carried out, Steve Perlman for untiring field assistance, and the curators of BISH and NY for use of their col¬ lections. Literature Cited Athens, J. S. & J. V. Ward. 1993. Environmental change and prehistoric Polynesian settlement in Ha¬ waii. Asian Perspectives 32: 205-223. -,-& S. Wickler. 1992. Late Holocene lowland vegetation, 0‘ahu, Hawai’i. New Zealand J. Archaeology 14: 9-34. Erdtman, G. 1960. The acetolysis method. A revised description. Svensk Bot. Tidskr. 54: 561-564. Geesink, R., W. L. Wagner & D. R. Herbst. 1990. Fabaceae. Pp. 629-721 in W. L. Wagner, D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer (editors), Manual of the Flowering Plants of Hawaii, vol. 1. Univ. Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Honolulu. Goldblatt, P. 1981. Cytology and the phylogeny of Leguminosae. Pp. 427-463 in R. M. Polhill & P. H. Raven (editors), Advances in Legume Systematics, part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew\ Guinet, Ph. 1981a. Comparative account of pollen char¬ acters in the Leguminosae. Pp. 789-799 in R. M. Polhill & P. H. Raven (editors), Advances in Legume Systematics, part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. - 1981b. Mimosoideae: The characters of their pollen grains. Pp. 835-857 in R. M. Polhill & P. H. Raven (editors), Advances in Legume Systematics, part 2. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. IAWA Committee. 1989. IAWA list of microscopic features for hardwood identification. IAWA Bulletin, n.s. 10: 219-332. Kirch, P. V. 1985. Feathered Gods and Fishhooks. Univ. Hawai‘i Press, Honolulu, Hawaii. Lewis, G. P. & T. S. Elias. 1981. Mimoseae. Pp. 155- 168 in R. M. Polhill & P. H. Raven (editors), Ad¬ vances in Legume Systematics, part 1. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Nevling, L. I. & Ch. J. Niezgoda. 1978. On the genus Schleinitzia (Leguminosae Mimosoideae). Adanson- ia ser. 2, 18: 345-363. Perlman, S. 1992. Kahoolawe — The eighth Hawaiian island. Bull. Natl. Trop. Bot. Card. 22(2): 29-36. Pukui, M. K. & S. H. Elbert. 1986. Hawaiian Dictio¬ nary. Revised and enlarged edition. Univ. Hawaii Press, Honolulu. Rock, J. F. 1920. The Leguminous Plants of Hawaii. Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association. Honolulu, Ha¬ waii. Skvarla, J. J. 1966. Techniques of pollen and spore electron microscopy. Part 1. Staining, dehydration and embedding. Oklahoma Geol. Notes 26: 179- 186. -. 1973. Pollen. Pp. 456-459 in P. Gray (ed¬ itor), Encyclopedia of Microscopy and Microtech¬ nique. Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York. W agner, W. L., D. R. Herbst & S. H. Sohmer. 1990. Manual of the Flowering Plants of Haw r ai‘i. 2 vols. Univ. Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press, Ho¬ nolulu. Yoshioka, J. & S. Gon. 1993. Survey team discovers natural treasures on Kaho’olawe. The Nature Con¬ servancy of Hawaii Newsletter, W inter 1993: 6-7 (March 1993). Guatteria rupestris (Annonaceae), a New Species from Minas Gerais, Brazil Renato de Mello-Silva and Jose Rubens Pi rani Instituto de Biociencias, Universidade de Sao Paulo, C. Postal 11461, 05422-970, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil ABSTRACT. Guatteria rupestris Mello-Silva & Pir- ani, a new species of Annonaceae, is described. It is distinct because of a combination of several char¬ acters, mainly the shrubby, sclerophyllous habit with small, coriaceous, and prominently veined leaves. The new species occurs in open rocky areas in some “serras" of the Espinha^o range, Minas Gerais, Bra¬ zil. Besides the description and illustration, com¬ ments on its probable taxonomic relationships, hab¬ itat, and distribution are presented. A key that distinguishes G. rupestris from the other sympatric species of Guatteria is also provided. The genus Guatteria , with approximately 250 described species, is the largest of the Annonaceae. Many of the 170-odd species described by Fries were published in 1939. Since his works, relatively few species have been described (Barringer, 1984; Bisse, 1975; Johnson & Murray, 1990; Maas et al., 1988; Mello-Silva & Pirani, 1988). While per¬ forming floristic surveys of the Annonaceae of the Espinha<;o range, in the states of Minas Gerais and Bahia, Brazil, two new species were found: G. no- tabilis Mello-Silva & Pirani (1988) and G. rupes¬ tris , here presented. Guatteria rupestris Mello-Silva & Pirani, sp. nov. TYPE: Brazil. Minas Gerais: Itacambira, ca. de 2 km da cidade na estrada para Juramento, afloramento rochoso no campo rupestre, 1 7°S, 43°50'W, 14 Dec. 1989, J. R. Pirani, P. T. Sano, A. Freire-Fierro <£• 7. R. S. Silva CFCR 12752 (holotype, SPF—3 sheets; isotypes, K, MBM, MO, NY, RB, U). Figure 1. Frutex vel arbor parva, circa 1.5-4 m alt. Rami adscendentes aut patentes, ramuli ochracei-hirtelli vel to- mentosi vel glabri. Folia breviter petiolata, lamina cori- acea, venosa, elliptica vel oblongo-elliptica vel obovato- elliptica, 3.5 8( 12) cm longa, (1.5-)2-3(-4) cm lata, ad apicern rotundata vel retusa vel breviter acuminata, ad marginem revoluta, glabra vel subtus ad nervurn me¬ dium dense hirtella; venatio brochidodroma. Inflorescen- tiae axillares, uniflorae. Sepala libera, deltata, circa 4 mm longa, 3 mm lata; petala aequalia, oblonga vel oblongo- spathulata, ad apicern rotundata vel obtusa, 8 15 mm longa, 5-10 mm lata; stamina numerosa, circa 1.8 mm longa, disco connectivi piano haud umbonato, aurantiaco; carpellis circa 2 mm longis. Monocarpia 10 17, teretes- ellipsoidea, 7-10 mm longa, 3.5-5 mm crassa, stipite 2- 7 mm longo suffulta. Shrub to small tree, 1.5-4 m tall. Twigs ascending or spreading, blackish, brownish or grayish, some¬ what wrinkled to reticidate, the younger ones ochra- ceous-hirsutulous or tomentose or glabrous; inter¬ nodes 5-20 mm long. Petiole incrassate, 1.5-4 mm long, ca. 1.5-2 mm diam., flat to somewhat cana¬ liculate above, blackish, ochraceous-hirsutulous to glabrous, as the twigs. Leaf blade elliptic to oblong- elliptic or obovate-elliptic, rarely oblong, 3.5-8 (-12) cm long, (1.5-)2-3(-4) cm wide, coriaceous, in vivo light green with primary vein initially green¬ ish red and, later, ochre-colored below, glabrous above, sparsely hirsutulous to glabrous below, base attenuate to decurrent on the petiole, apex rounded and often retuse or short-acuminate, margins rev¬ olute mostly toward base; primary vein flat above, prominent and densely hirsutulous below, venation brochidodromous or rarely eucamptodromous, sec¬ ondary veins straight (to slightly curved), 8-11 (-16) per side, ascending at 70° from perpendicular, loop-forming at acute to right angles, loops mostly distinct, enclosed by secondary arches, distance be¬ tween loop and margin 2-3(-4) mm, tertiary veins reticulate, secondary and tertiary venation promi¬ nent on both sides. Inflorescences axillary, within (or just below) foliate zone, single-flowered. Peduncle 1(—2.5) mm long, 1.5-2 mm diam., tomentose or glabrous; bracts 3, soon deciduous, pellucid-dotted, the proximal one ca. 3 mm long, 1.5 mm wide. Pedicel ca. 3(-6) mm long, 1.5-2 mm diam., hir¬ sutulous or glabrous, as the twigs. Flowers in vivo light green with ochraceous indument. Sepals tri¬ angular, 4 mm long, 3 mm wide, acute, tomentose on the abaxial side, glabrous on the adaxial side. Petals oblong to oblong-spatulate, rounded to obtuse at apex, 8-15 mm long, 5-10 mm wide, pubescent on both sides but glabrous in the lower part on the adaxial side. Stamens numerous, ca. 1.8 mm long, apex of connective flat, not umbonate, orange, an¬ thers extrorse, outer thecae longer than the inner Novon 4: 146-150. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Mello-Silva & Pirani Guatteria rupestris 147 Figure 1. Guatteria rupestris Mello-Silva & Pirani. —A, B. Flowering shoots. —C. Branchlet with two inflorescences, each with three bracts. —D. Inflorescence before anthesis. —E. Flower at anthesis, one petal removed. —F. Longitudinal section of flower. —G, H. Stamens, adaxial and lateral views. —I. Carpel. —J, K. Monocarps. A, drawn from Pirani et al. CFCR 12522; B D, drawn from Joly et at. CFSC 359; E-I, drawn from Freire-Fierro & Fsteves 1611; J, drawn from Mello-Silva & Cordeiro CFCR 10108; K, drawn from Mello-Silva et al. CFCR 5419. 148 Novon ones, extending almost to the base of the stamen. Carpels light green to grayish green, ca. 2 mm long, ovary minutely setose mainly at angles, style gla¬ brous, stigma papillose. Monocarps 10-17, oblong- ellipsoid, 7-10 mm long, 3.5-5 mm diam., shortly apiculate, sparsely puherulent to glabrous, stipe 2 7 mm long, sometimes apparently articulated when dried, green when immature, purplish red at ma¬ turity, black when dried, seed filling up the entire cavity, seed-coat rugulose, chestnut-brown. Guatteria rupestris is distinct from other species of Guatteria because of the following combination of characters: small, coriaceous, short-petiolate, mainly elliptic to oblong-elliptic leaves with rounded to retuse to short-acuminate apices and revolute margins, with very prominent secondary and tertiary veins on both sides; solitary flowers with equal petals; carpels with glabrous styles; monocarps 10-17 with a short stipe (2-7 mm long). Guatteria rupestris is endemic to the southern portion of the Espinhago range (Fig. 2). It is a shrub or small tree up to 3 m that grows in open vegetation among sandstone rocks; it grows in gallery forests as well, and there the plants tend to be larger. It occurs at Grao-Mogol, Itacambira, Serra do Am- brosio, and Serra do Cipo, all in the State of Minas Gerais. Guatteria is originally a forest genus; the species that live in open and dry areas are rare (Morawetz, 1986). Two species from the Espinha^o range, G. odontopetala Martius and G. villosissima A. Saint- Hilaire occur exclusively in forests. Two other spe¬ cies, G. pohliana Schlechtendal ex Martius and G. selloiviana Schlechtendal, occur mostly in forests but have occasional “campo” populations. The pop¬ ulations of G. notabilis are found on “campo” as much as in forests. Guatteria rupestris tends to colonize open areas; the majority of the populations that have been found so far grow on these types of places. The following key distinguishes G. rupestris from the other sympatric species of Guatteria men¬ tioned above. Key to Guatteria rupestris and Sympatric Species of Guatteria la. Flowers terminal, monocarps sessile . . Guatteria notabilis lb. Flowers axillary, monocarps stipitate. 2a. Adaxial side of the leaf blades glabrous, even in the young ones. 3a. Leaf coriaceous, apex rounded to abruptly short-acuminate, sometimes emarginate; “campo” shrub or forest treelet . G. rupestris 3b. Leaf chartaceous, apex acuminate to long-acuminate; forest tree, very rare¬ ly “campo” shrub . G. poliliana 2b. Adaxial side of the leaf blades, at least in the young ones, hairy all over or only on the primary vein. 4a. Twigs persistently and densely ferru- gineo-velutinous; adaxial side of the young leaf blades glabrous, except for the velutinous primary vein; most adult leaf blades strongly revolute . . G. villosissima 4b. Twigs short-tomentose to sparsely vil- losulous to glabrous; adaxial side of the young leaf blades tomentose or villosulous; adult leaf blades Hat or slightly revolute at base. 5a. Petals with acute to obtuse apex; inflorescences in foliate zone; leaf blades acute at base, adaxial side of the young ones tomentose . . . G. selloiviana 5b. Petals with truncate and crenu- late apex; inflorescences mostly below' foliate zone; leaf blades ob¬ tuse to rounded at base, adaxial side of the young ones adpressed- villosulous . G. odontopetala Guatteria rupestris is more frequent at the Serra de Grao-Mogol where, as at the Serra do Cipo, forest populations are found. At Serra do Cipo, one campo collection (July et al. CFSC 359), though showing the characters typical of the species, exhibits nar¬ rowly oblong leaves. This character distinguishes it from all the other collections because the leaves in G. rupestris, though variable, tend to maintain a basically elliptical configuration (Fig. 2). Guatteria rupestris and G. notabilis do not seem to be closely related to any taxa from southeastern Brazil. At present, it is impossible to ascribe the new species to any of the extant sections of the genus, although it exhibits some leaf similarities (e.g., leaf size, shape, venation, texture) with species of section Sclerophyllum R. E. Fries from northern and north¬ western portions of South America. Paratypes. BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Grao-Mogol, arredores, em mata da borda da chapada, 24 July 1978 (11), G. Hatschbach 41573 (MBM); Grao-Mogol, campos rupestres atras da cidade, 13 Apr. 1981 (fl), I. Cordeiro, J. R. Pirarii, L. Rossi, A. Furlan & Al. C. E. Amaral GEGR 7HR (MG, SPF ); Grao-Mogol, campo rupestre em direyao nordeste da cidade, 16°32'S, 42°55'W, elev. 3,500 pes, 22 May 1982 (fl), N. Hensold, M. C. II. Mamede, A. VI. & A. Giulietti GEGR 3450 (GEPEG, R, SPF, U); Grao-Mogol, beira do Corrego das Mortes, 28 Feb. 1983 (fl, fr), I. Cordeiro A E. Simonis CFCR 4116 (F, SPF, U not seen); Grao-Mogol, vale do Ribeirao das Mortes, acima da cidade, elev. 910 m, carrascal, 4 Sep. 1986 (fr), R. Mello-Silva & I. Cordeiro CFCR 10108 (G, SPF, UEG); Grao-Mogol, vale do Ribeirao das Mortes, elev. 900 m, 23 May 1987 (fl), R. Mello-Silva A J. R. Pi rani CFCR 10812 (BHCB, CTES, HUEFS, SPF); Grao- Mogol. Trilha da Tropa, no alto da serra, elev. ca. 1 ,000 Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Mello-Silva & Pirani Guatteria rupestris 149 Freire-Fierro & Esteves 1611 ; L, \1, Joly et al. CFSC 359. 150 Novon I, 200 m, no interior tie mata ciliar, 11 Dec. 1989 (fl), J. R. Pirani, P. T. Sario, T. R. S. Silva & A. Freire- Fierro CFCR 12522 (SP. SPF, I B); Crao-Mogol, estreito do riacho Ribeirao, elev. ca. 950 m, 16°33'S, 42°54'W, 6 Se|). 1990 (fl, fr), J. R. Pirani, G. L. Fsteves , M T. I . A. Campos it 7. R. S. Silva CFCR 13422 (IPA, SPF); Rio Vermelho, Pedra Menina, fazenda Vargem do Anjo, inorro Espigao do Meio, 13 Oct. 1984 (fr), R. Mello-Silva, M. Meguro, F. M. Isejima & J. R. Pirani CFCR 5419 { K, RB, SPF. US); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipo, km 137 138 da rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceigao do Mato Dentro, elev. 1,240 rn, 8 June 1970 (H), A. B. Joly, J. Sernir & ). i gadim CFSC 359 (SP, SPf, UEC); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipo, kin 130 da rodovia Lagoa Santa-Conceigao do Mato Dentro, ca. de 500 m da bifurcagao na estrada para Morro do Pilar, em mata ciliar a 200 m da estrada, 1 1 Aug. 1990 (fl), A. Freire- Fierro it G. L. Esteves 1511 (BHCB, MBM, SP, SPF). Acknowledgments. Thanks are due to Mario Ser¬ gio Hibeiro for the English text and to Emiko Naruto for illustration of the plant habit and for inking in the other drawings. The insight and comments of David M. Johnson greatly improved the text. Work was partly financed by CNPq, WWF, and FAPESP. Literature Cited Barringer, K. 1984. A new species of Guatteria (An- nonaceae) from Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 71: 1186 1187. Bisse, J. 1975. Nuevos arboles de la flora de Cuba. Ciencias (Cuba), ser. 10, Bot. 2: 3-6. Fries, R. E. 1939. Revision der Arten einiger Anona- ceen-Gattungen V. Acta Horti Berg. 12(3): 289- 577, pi. 1 -40. Johnson, D. M. & N. A. Murray. 1990. New species of Guatteria (Annonaceae) from the Guayana High¬ land. Ann. Missouri Bot. Card. 77: 598 600. Maas, P. J. VL. E. C. H. van Heusden, J. Koek-Noorman, A. K. van Setten & L. Y. Th. Westra. 1988. Studies in Annonaceae. IX. New species from the Neotropics and miscellaneous notes. Proc. Kon. Ned- erl. Akad. Wetensch., Ser. C, 91: 243-282. Mello-Silva, R. de & J. R. Pirani. 1988. Guatteria notabilis Mello-Silva & Pirani, nova especie de An¬ nonaceae da Cadeia do Espinhago, Brasil. Bob Bot. (Sao Paulo) 10: 43-50. Morawetz, W. 1986. Systematics and Karyoevolution in Magnoliidae: Tetrameranthus as compared with other Annonaceae genera of the same chromosome number. PI. Syst. Evol. 154: 157 173, figs. 1-7. New Combinations in Urceola (Apocynaceae) David J. Middleton Department of Botany, Trinity College, University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland ABSTRACT. Seven new combinations in Urceola, U. xylinabariopsoides, U. huaitingii, U. micran- tha, U. quintaretii, U. tournieri, U. rosea, and U. linearicarpa, are proposed. In a forthcoming paper in Kew Bulletin, the relationships between Urceola Roxburgh, Ecdys- anthera Hooker & Arnott, Parabarium Pierre ex Spire, Xylinabaria Pierre, and Xylinabariopsis Pi- tard will be discussed, and the conclusion reached that these genera are not distinguishable (Middleton, in press). A revision of Urceola in Thailand, with the generic name Urceola taking priority, will be presented. The problem now arises that there are no com¬ binations in Urceola for those species of Ecdys- anthera that are to appear in the account of the Apocynaceae for the Flora of China. This paper seeks to rectify this situation until such a time as the entire genus can be satisfactorily revised. Urceola xylinabariopsoides (Tsiang) D. ,|. Mid¬ dleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Chunechites xy¬ linabariopsoides Tsiang, Sunyatsenia 3: 306. 1937. TYPE: China. Hainan: Lok-tung, 9 June 1936, S. A. Lau 27035 (holotype, SYS). Urceola huaitingii (Chun & Tsiang) D. J. Mid¬ dleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Parabarium huaitingii Chun & Tsiang, J. Arnold Arbor. 28: 245. 1947. TYPE: China. Guangxi (as Kwangsi): Shih-Wan-Ta Shan, Hsiang-Tze, 30 Apr. 1944, S. //. Chun 5027 (holotype, SYS). Urceola micrantha (Wallich ex G. Don) D. J. Middleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Echites mi¬ crantha Wallich ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 75. 1837. TYPE: India. Pundua, Wallich 1667 (lectotype, selected by Ly (1978), CGE). Urceola quintaretii (Pierre) D. J. Middleton, comb, nov. Basionym: Ecdysanthera quintaretii Pierre, Rev. Cult. Colon. 11: 228. 1902. TYPE: Laos. Camon, Tournier? 6618 (lectotype, se¬ lected by Ly (1978), P). Urceola tournieri (Pierre) D. J. Middleton, comb, nov. Basionym: Ecdysanthera tournieri Pierre, Rev. Cult. Colon. 11: 228. 1902. TYPE: N Laos. Tran-ninh, Tournier 6613 (lectotype, se¬ lected here, P). Urceola rosea (Hooker & Arnott) D. J. Middleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Ecdysanthera rosea Hooker & Arnott, Bot. Beechy Voy. 198. 1836. TYPE: China. Vachel 144 (lectotype, selected here, K). Urceola linearicarpa (Pierre) D. J. Middleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Ecdysanthera lineari¬ carpa Pierre, Rev. Cult. Colon. 1 1: 228. 1902. TYPE: N Laos. Tran-ninh, Tournier 6615 (lec¬ totype, selected by Ly (1978), P). Acknowledgment. I am grateful to Ihsan Al- Shehbaz for his help in preparing this paper. Literature Cited Ly, T. D. 1978. Beitrage zur Kenntnis der Sippenstruk- tur des Genus Parabarium Pierre ex Spire (Apocy¬ naceae). Feddes Repert. 89: 205-292. Middleton, D. A revision of f rceola (Apocynaceae) in Thailand. Kew Bull. 49(4) (in press). Novon 4 : 151 . 1994 . Three New Combinations in Chinese Apocynaceae David J. Middleton Department of Botany, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland Abstract. Two new combinations in Ichnocarpus and one new combination in Anodendron are pro¬ posed. In a revision of the Australian and New Guinean species of Ichnocarpus, Forster (1992) concluded that Micrechites was not sufficiently distinct to be maintained as a separate genus. My own work sup¬ ports this conclusion. New combinations are now needed to reflect this change in the status of Mi¬ crechites for the forthcoming account of the Apoc¬ ynaceae in the Flora of China. One species of Mi¬ crechites was found to be an Anodendron on examination. Ichnocarpus jacquetii (Pierre ex Spire) I). J. Middleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Micrechites jacquetii Pierre ex Spire, Contr. Apocyn. 48. 1905. TYPE: I.aos, Spire 5 (lectotype, des¬ ignated here, P; isolectotype, K). Ichnocarpus malipoensis (Tsiang & P. T. Li) D. J. Middleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Micre¬ chites malipoensis Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1 1: 381. 1973. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Ma-Li-Po, Tung-Ting, Feng 13377 (holotype, PE not seen; isotype. A). Anodendron formicina (Tsiang & P. T. Li) D. J. Middleton, comb. nov. Basionym: Micre¬ chites formicina Tsiang & P. T. Li, Acta. Phy¬ totax. Sin. 1 1: 385. 1973. TYPE: China. Yun¬ nan: Si-Shuang-Pan-Na, C. IT. ffang 73452 (holotype, PE; isotypes. A, IBSC). Acknowledgment. I thank Ihsan Al-Shehbaz for help with the publication of this paper. Literature Cited Forster, P. I. 1992. A taxonomic revision of Ichno¬ carpus (Apocynaceae) in Australia and Papuasia. Austral. Syst. Bot. 5: 533-545. Novon 4: 152. 1994. New Infrageneric Taxa of Corispermum L. (Chenopodiaceae) Sergei L. Mosyakin N. G. Kholodny Institute of Botany, 2 Tereshchenkivska Str., Kiev, 252601 Ukraine ABSTRACT. Two new infrageneric taxa of Coris¬ permum L. (Chenopodiaceae) are described: sections Patellisperma and Declinata. Geographical distri¬ butions and taxonomic comments are provided. Corispermum L. (Chenopodiaceae, Corisper- meae) is a relatively compact and clearly defined genus consisting of ca. 60 almost obligately psam- mophytic species distributed primarily in the arid regions of Asia, with some species also native to temperate Europe, northern Asia, and North Amer¬ ica. Unfortunately, with the exception of three series described by Klokov (1960) in his monograph of some East European species, no infrageneric system has been proposed for this genus. The present paper may be regarded as the pre¬ liminary outline of the infrageneric classification of Corispermum (at the sectional level), since the prop¬ er placement of many insufficiently known species (e.g., sometimes represented in herbaria only by type collections) is not completely clear and remains a task for further study. It is especially true for Central and East Asian species (see Iljin, 1929; Tsien Cho- po & Ma Cheng-gung, 1979). Corispermum sect. Patellisperma Mosyakin, sect. nov. TYPE: C. patelliforme Iljin. Fructus rotundati vel subrotundati, apteri, erostrati. Perianthium triphyllum. Folia lata; oblongo-elliptica, ob- longo-obovata, oblanceolata vel elliptica. Fruit (achene) patelliform (saucer-shaped), rotun- date or almost rotundate in outline, wingless, without distinct apical beak (remains of style bases). Leaves comparatively broad, from almost obovate to oblan- ceolate. Species. This is a monotypic section consisting only of the species Corispermum patelliforme Iljin. Distribution. Arid regions of Central Asia (west¬ ern China, Mongolia). This section seems to be the most primitive one within the genus. Corispermum patelliforme has some archaic characters, such as comparatively broad leaves with 3-5 veins (in most of the other repre¬ sentatives of Corispermum the leaves are 1-veined, rarely 3-veined, and more narrow), leaflike bracts. wingless patelliform, almost round in outline fruit without protruding style bases, and nonreduced peri¬ anth segments. It seems to be quite close to the hypothetical ancestor of the genera Corispermum and Anthochlamys Fenzl. Corispermum sect. Declinata Mosyakin, sect, nov. TYPE: C. declinatum Stephan ex Iljin. Fructus elongati; glabri vel stellato pilosi, apteri vel alati; apice rotundati vel saepissime rostrati, basi stylorurn apiculati vel subtruncati. Perianthium plerumque raono- phyllum. Fruits elongate, at least 2 (1.5) times as long as wide; glabrous or covered with branched (sometimes almost stellate) hairs; winged or wingless at margin; in most cases with triangular apex protruding toward bases of styles, sometimes rotundate. Perianth seg¬ ment 1. Species. This section consists of at least two spe¬ cies: Corispermum declinatum Stephan ex Iljin and C. tylocarpum Hance sensu lato (including C. ros- tratum Baranov & B. Skvortsov and C. gmelinii Bunge). Distribution. Arid regions of Asia (southern Si¬ beria, Mongolia, China, Kazakhstan); also adventive in eastern Europe (C. declinatum). This deviate section possibly is closely related to some Asian species of Corispermum sect. Coris¬ permum , namely C. sibiricum Iljin and C. cande¬ labrum Iljin. Some other Chinese species of Cor¬ ispermum (C. macrocarpum Bunge ex Maximovicz, C. stenolepis Kitagawa, C. platypterum Kitagawa, and C. huanghoense Tsien & C. G. Ma) also have an elongate fruit body, and seem to be related to the section Declinata. However, their fruits are broadly winged and often emarginate at the apex. After additional investigation these species may pos¬ sibly be separated into a section or subsection of their own. Corispermum declinatum has been constantly erroneously cited as “C. declinatum Stephan ex Steven.” However, Steven (1817) never accepted C. declinatum: he cited it as a synonym of C. hyssopifolium var. a. The first valid publication of the name appeared in Iljin (1928). Thus, the com¬ bination C. declinatum var. tylocarpum (Hance) Novon 4: 153-154. 1994. 154 Novon Tsien & C. G. Ma (1979) is invalid, because C. declinatum was described later than C. tylocarpum. Corispermum sect. Corispermum. TYPE: C. hyssopifolium L. (lectotype of the genus). This section should be divided into at least seven subsections. However, the description of these sub¬ sections should be accompanied by a detailed anal¬ ysis of taxonomic relationships at the species level. The genus is currently under revision, and new subsections will be validated in the forthcoming treat¬ ments for European and North American taxa. Acknowledgments. I thank Bruce D. Parfitt and Amy Scheuler McPherson for helpful comments and discussion. This article was prepared during my re¬ cent visit to the Missouri Botanical Garden, and I am grateful to the staff for their hospitality. Literature Cited Iljin, M. M. 1928. Corispermum declinatum Steph., kak novyy sornyak v posevakh Evropeyskoy chasti SSSR ( Corispermum declinatum as a new weed in the European part of the USSR). Trudy Prikl. Bot. Genet. Selekts. (Leningrad) 19(2): 69-72. -. 1929. Novye vidy roda Corispermum L. (Cor- isperrni generis species novae). Izv. Glavn. Bot. Sada SSSR 28: 638-654. Klokov, M. V. 1960. O dneprovskikh i nekotorykh drugikh vidakh roda Corispermum L. (De Corisper- inis Borysthenicis necnon aliis nonnulis.) Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk SSSR 20: 90-136. Steven, C. 1817. Observationes in Plantas Rossicas et descriptiones specierum novarum. Mem. Soc. Imp. Naturalistes Moscou 5: 334-338. Tsien Cho-po & Ma Cheng-gung. 1979. Corispermum L. Pp. 50-75 in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae. Tomus 25(2). Beijing. Especies Nuevas de Meliaceae del Ecuador y Areas Adyacentes Walter A. Palacios Herbario Nacional del Ecuador, Casilla 17-12-867, Quito, Ecuador RESUMEN. Seis especies nuevas de Meliaceae son descritas: Trichilia primogenita, T. obovata, Gua- rea riparia, G. ecuadoriensis, Ruagea mernbra- nacea, y R. microphylla. La primer especie per- tenece al noroccidente del Ecuador en el borde con Colombia y las cinco restantes a las areas limitrofes entre Ecuador, Peru, y Colombia en la parte mas occidental de la Amazonia. Caracteres excepcionales o la combinacion de varios caracteres, determinan que las especies descritas sean distintas de las es¬ pecies conocidas. Abstract. Six new species of Meliaceae are de¬ scribed: Trichilia primogenita, T. obovata, Guarea riparia, G. ecuadoriensis, Ruagea membranacea, and R. microphylla. The first species occurs in northwestern Ecuador, near the Colombian border, and the five remaining species are from extreme western Amazonia, in the border region between Ecuador, Peru, and Colombia. Exceptional char¬ acters or combinations of characters distinguish the new taxa from known species of Meliaceae. En los ultimos anos los estudios floristicos en el Ecuador han alcanzado un significativo avance. El Herbario Nacional del Ecuador (QCNE) y el Jardin Botanico de Missouri (MO), con la participacion de la Fundacion Jatun Sacha, estan desarrollando una serie de investigaciones botanicas en vastas zonas del pais. Las areas con mayor enfasis visitadas han sido la Region Amazonica bajo los 1,000 m y el noroccidente ecuatoriano. Miles de colecciones de plantas han permitido el mejor conocimiento de la flora y el descubrimiento para la ciencia de nuevas especies. Trichilia primogenita W. Palacios, sp. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. Esmeraldas: carretera Lita San Lorenzo, 19 mayo 1987 (fl), van der Werff, Dodson & Palacios 9502 (holotipo, QCNE; isotipos, AAU, K. MO). Figura 1. Trickiliae poeppigii C. DC. affinis sed petiolo subtereti, foliolis obovatis, marginibus acutis nervis secundariis pro- minentibus, petalis liberis papillosis differt. Arbol mediano hasta 15 m de altura. Ramas jovenes densamente lenticeladas. Yemas jovenes densamente estrigulosas a subglabras. Hojas de 40- 70 cm de largo, imparipinnadas o paripinnadas y, en este caso, con el ultimo foliolo simulando ser terminal; peciolo semiterete, glabro; raquis semite- rete, glabro; peciolulos de los foliolos laterales 4-8 mm de largo, engrosados; peciolulo del foliolo ter¬ minal 3-4 cm de largo con el apice ligeramente engrosado. Foliolos 5-7(-8), alternos, 16-30 cm de largo y 8-13 cm de ancho, obovados o elipticos a ligeramente oblanceolados, coriaceos; apice agudo a abruptamente corto acuminado, base angosta, agu- da; haz y enves glabros. Nervacion eucamptodroma- broquidodroma, 1016 nervios secundarios a cada lado del nervio principal. Inflorescencia axilar o na- ciendo en las axilas de hojas caidas, panicula o tirso, profusamente florida, 8-30 cm de largo; ramificio- nes de la inflorescencia hasta 10 cm de largo o mas. Flores unisexuales (vistas 3). Caliz pateliforme-ro- tado, 0.8-1 mm de largo, (3-)4 5 lobulos cortos o ligeramente sinuados con pelos dispersos. Petalos 4- 5, 2.6-3.4(-4) mm de largo y 1.2-2 mm de ancho, erectos, largamente ovados o ligeramente lanceo- lados, valvados, fibres o unidos solamente en la base, glabros, papilosos. Tubo estaminal cilindrico-urceo- lado, 1.9-2.3 mm, con pelos o barbas dispersos por dentro; filamentos completamente fusionados, desi- guales; 8-9 anteras alternando con lobulos subu- lados, las anteras ubicadas a diferente altura en el apice del tubo. Ovario 3-locular, pubescente, (l-)2 ovulos por loculo, colaterales, estilo corto, estigma capitado, glabro. Fruto no conocido. La distribucion de T. primogenita, se conoce solo de la coleccion tipo. De acuerdo a la clasificacion de Holdridge (1987), el area esta ubicada aproxi- madamente en la transicion entre el Bosque Muy Humedo Tropical y el Bosque Pluvial Premontano. No existen datos meteorologicos de la zona, pero se cree que llueve mas de 5,000 mm por aiio. El suelo donde fue colectada la especie esta formado por una ligera capa de humus de 15-20 cm de profundidad, seguida por una capa arcillosa de color gris claro a bianco, al parecer del tipo caolinita. Trichilia primogenita esta relacionada a T. poeppigii C. DC. de la que difiere por el peciolo semiterete (peciolo semiterete-alado en la mitad bas¬ al, luego terete, usualmente con dos cicatrices o dos Novon 4: 155-164. 1994. 156 Novon Figura 1. Trichilia primogenita W. Palacios. —A. Habito. —B. Flor abierta. —C. Base del peciolo. —D. Seccion transversal del peciolo. (A-C, van dvr Werffet al. 9502.) foliolos? reducidos menores a 0.5 mm de largo en el punto donde terminan las estrechas alas en T. poeppigii ), foliolos obovados, coriaceos (foliolos oblanceolados, subcoriaceos en Trichilia poeppi¬ gii ), nervios secundarios prominentes-filudos, cur- vados cerca del margen y formando arcos en el apice de la lamina (nervios secundarios prominulen- tos, sin formar arcos en T. poeppigii ), y por las Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Palacios Especies Nuevas de Meliaceae 157 Figura 2. Trichilia obovata . Palacios. —Habito. —B. Flor abierta. C. Fruto. (A B, Daniel Rubio c£r Coba 855 ; C, Neill el al. 6310.) flores bien sincronizadas en su estado de desarrollo, con petalos totalmente libres y glabros (flores en todos los estados de desarrollo, con petalos soldados en V 2 ~% de su longitud, densamente estrigulosos en T. poeppigii). En ausencia del fruto no es posible establecer otras relaciones. Trichilia obovata W. Palacios, sp. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. Pastaza: Pozo Petrolero Danta 2, 50 km al suroeste de Curaray, 1°47'S, 76°48'W, 365 m, 1-19 oct. 1990 (fl), D. Rubio & T. Coba 855 (holotipo, QCNE; isotipos, K, MO). Figura 2. 158 Novon Trichiliae martianae C. DC. affinis sed (3-)5 foliolis obovatis, glabris, petalis valvaceis, capsula ample ovoidea aut subsphaerica baud triangulata praeter basim, brunnea in sicco, semper 6 seminibus praedita differt. Arbusto a arbol mediano de 2-6 m de altura, dioico. Ramitas y yemas jovenes adpresadamente puberulas (estrigulosas) a subglabras, a veces con pequenas lenticelas. Hojas imparipinnadas, 15-25 cm de longitud (incluido foliolo terminal); peciolo semiterete; raqnis semiterete a estrechamnete ca- naliculado cerca al ultimo par de foliolos; peciolo y raquis esparcidamente estrigulosos o glabros; pecio- lulos 0.5-2 cm de largo, estrechamente canalicu- lados, peciolulo del foliolo terminal hasta 2.5 cm de largo. Foliolos opuestos, (3-)5, el ultimo par y foliolo terminal obovados, menos frecuente oblanceolados, los foliolos basales elipticos; apice cuspidado-api- culado; base decurrente en el foliolo terminal, aguda en los foliolos inferiores, (5 )8 20 x 3-9 cm con una reduccion constante en tamano desde el apice hacia la base, membranosos a subcoriaceos, glabros por ambos lados, oscuramente pelucido-punteados, lisos en la haz. Nervacion eucamptodroma-broqui- dodroma, 7 12 nervios secundarios a cada lado del nervio medio, nervios terciarios oscuramente reti- culados. Inflorescencia axilar, una panicula, 7-20 cm de largo, esparcidamente puberula-estrigulosa; ramificaciones laterales hasta 5 cm de largo; pedi- celos 2-3 mm de largo. Flores unisexuales (vistas $). Caliz pateliforme, ± 0.5 nun de largo; lobulos 5, agudos, esparcidamente puberulos. Petalos 5, li- bres, valvados, 2.3-2.8 x 0.8-1.1 mm, oblongo- lanceolados, esparcidamente puberulos por fuera, glabros por dentro. Tubo estaminal ± urceolado, 1.7-2 mm de largo. Filamentos unidos en la mitad basal, glabros por fuera, densamente barbados en la base, en la porcion libre de los filamentos por dentro, y en los margenes. Anteroides 10. Nectario ausente o aparentemente soldado a la base del ovar- io. Ovario estrechamente ovoide, pubescente, 3-locular, 2 ovulos colaterales por cada loculo; estilo pubescente; estigma capitado. Capsula 3-valvada, ± ovoide y ligeramente trigona-truncada en la base, o subglobosa y con la base redondeada, 1-1.6 cm de diametro, a veces ligeramente mas ancha que larga, densa y minutamente papilosa con pelos es¬ trigulosos dispersos, apice agudo a obtuso; valvas fibres en las % partes de su longitud. Semillas 6, 2 por cada loculo, colaterales, de forma de un seg- mento de una naranja, 0.5-0.8 cm de largo, total- mente cubiertas por un arilodio membranoso rojo. Distribution. Trichilia obovata es una planta arbustiva a un arbol mediano, no superior a 6 m de altura en bosque primario, sobre suelos rojos de colinas o aluviales de la Amazonia occidental de Ecuador y Peru, bajo los 300 m de altitud. Trichilia obovata es estrechamente relacionada a 7. martiana C. DC., de la que difiere fundamen- talmente por los (3-)5 foliolos obovados u oblan¬ ceolados, glabros, con 7-12 nervios secundarios a cada lado del nervio medio, petalos valvados, fruto ligeramente ovoide y con la base ± trigona, o sub- globoso y con la base redondeada, 1-1.6 cm de diametro, pardo-gris cuando seco, semillas 6 cu¬ biertas totalmente por un arilodio membranoso. Tri¬ chilia martiana, por el contrario se caracteriza por sus (5—)7—9(—11) foliolos oblanceolados, cuneifor- mes o estrechamente oblongos, con 12-17 nervios secundarios a cada lado del nervio medio, petalos imbricados, fruto ovoide fuertemente trigono en la base, 0.8-1.2 cm de largo y caracteristicamente pardo-rojizo cuando seco, semillas 2 3 por fruto, cubiertas parcialmente por el apice y parte adaxial por un arilodio. Aunque por la posicion de los petalos 7. martiana pertenece a la seccion Trichilia (con petalos imbricados o quincunciales) y 7. obovata a la seccion Moschoxylum (con petalos valvados) (sec- ciones de Trichilia segun Pennington & Styles, 1981), el tubo estaminal y demas caracteres deter- minan una mayor afinidad de T. obovata con T. martiana que entre T. obovata y otras especies de la seccion Moschoxylum. En Ecuador, T. martiana solo ha sido encontrada en la parte costera. Las flores de T. obovata ban sido registradas entre septiembre y octubre; los fru- tos en agosto, septiembre, abril, y mayo. Colecciones revisadas. ECUADOR. Sucumbios: 1.1 km a 1 E del Rio f lonejo en camino a Lago Agrio, 340 m, Dwyer & MacBryde 9781 (MO); Tarapoa, 1 km de Pozo Petrolero Mariann 3, 0°08'S, 76°22'W, 240 m, Ceron & Ayala 9712 (QCNE); 6 km N de Shushufindi, hacia Dureno, 0°10'S, 76°40'W, 250 m, Palacios et al. 828 (MO, QAME). Napo: Canon de los Monos, 15 km N de Coca, Hacienda de H. Noboa, 0°20'S, 77°01'W, Xeill et al. 6310 (MO, QCNE), Zaruma et al. 85 (MO, QCNE); inargen izquierda del Rio Napo, arriba de la union con el Rio Payamino, 0°30'S, 77°00'W, 250 m, Palacios & i\eill 1138 (MO, QCNE); Estacion Experimental INIAP- Napo, Payamino, 5 km N de Coca, Reserva Floristica El Chuncho, 0°25'S, 77°00'W, 250 m, Palacios & Xeill 1229 (MO, QCNE). PERU. V alle del Rio Santiago, 65 km N de Pinglo, Quebrada Caterpiza, 2-3 km de la Comunidad Caterpiza, 200 m, Huashikat 1362, 2345 (MO). Guarea riparia W. Palacios, sp. nov. TIPO: Ec¬ uador. Zamora-Chinchipe: Punta de Pachi- cutza, entre Pachicutza y Miazi, orilla del Rio Nangaritza, 4°10'S, 78°37'W, 900 m, 20 oct. 1991 (fl), Palacios 8444 (holotipo, QCNE; iso- tipos K, MO, QCA). Figura 3. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Palacios Especies Nuevas de Meliaceae 159 Figura 3. Guarea riparia W. Palacios. Palacios 6617.) G. (Prltga, A. Habito. —B. Flor abierta. —C. Fruto. (A-B, Palacios 8444; C 160 Novon Ab omnibus speciebus generis notis 2-6 foliolis finis, acurninatis, base late cuneata decurrenti, 6 10 cm longis et l-2(-2.5) cm latis optime distincta. Arbusto ripario de 1-3 m de altura, dioico. Ra- mitas lenticeladas. Yemas pubescentes. Hojas agru- padas en las puntas de las ramitas; yema terminal de la hoja con crecimiento continuo; peciolo semi- terete, 1.5-2.5 cm de largo; raquis terete o angos- tamente canaliculado, 4-15 cm de largo; peciolulos engrosados, 3-5 mm de largo. Foliolos opuestos, 2- 6 pares, linear-lanceolados, 6 10 x l-2(-2.5) cm, cartaceos, apice acuminado, base largamente cu- neada-decurrente, glabros por ambos lados, excepto a veces con pelos dispersos a lo largo del nervio medio por el enves, brillantes por la haz; nervios secundarios 7-12 pares, tenues. Inflorescencia axi- lar, un tirso estrecho con muchas flores, (3 )5 15 cm de largo; ramificaciones laterales hasta 1.5 cm de largo; pedicelos 2 mm de largo. Flores unisexuales (vistas 3). Caliz pateliforme, 1-2 mm de largo, irre- gularmente (2-)3-4 lobado, esparcidamente estri- guloso a subglabro; los lobulos con el apice agudo a obtuso. Petalos 4, valvados, oblongos, 3.5-4.5 x 1-2 mm, puberulos por fuera, glabros por dentro, papilosos en el apice. Tubo estaminal cilindrico-ur- ceolado, 2.5-3.5 mm de largo, glabro, margen cre- nado; anteras 8. Nectario un corto estipe prolongado para formar un anillo ancho en la base del ovario, glabro. Ovario (3 )4-locular con un ovulo por loculo, adpreso-pubescente; estilo glabro; estigma capitado. Capsula (solo inmaduras vistas) turbinada a globosa, 4-locular, 0.6-1.2 cm de largo, truncada en el apice, esparcidamente puberula. Semillas una por loculo. Guarea riparia es un arbusto de la base de las estribaciones de la Cordillera del Condor. En el Rio Nangaritza entre Pachicutza y Miazi, sitio de la coleccion tipo, la especie es una planta comun de la vegetacion no alterada de las orillas del rio. La especie forma poblaciones densas exclusivamente en la orilla rocosa del rio. Esta asociada con Zygia longifolia (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Britton & Rose, especie tambien riparia con la cual a simple vista se confunde. Guarea riparia es muy resistente a las fuertes y continuas crecidas del rio, observandose sobre las rarnas y follaje huellas y restos de vegetacion, dejadas por las subidas del nivel de las aguas. La especie no crece en areas donde la vegetacion riparia primaria ha sido alte¬ rada. Las hojas en estado natural son brillantes por la haz, el caliz es rosado, la corola crema, y los frutos castano-pardos o pardo-rojizos. La principal epoca de floracion ocurre entre octubre y noviembre, en tanto que los frutos jovenes han sido vistos en diciembre. La especie es drasticamente distinta de las es- pecies conocidas del genero por los foliolos linear- lanceolados de 1 —2(—2.5) cm de ancho, acuminados y la base cuneada-decurrente. Guarea glabra Vahl, y G. macrophylla Vahl, las especies mas relacio- nadas, tienen foliolos oblongos, elipticos, de 3-7 cm de ancho. Cotecciones revisadas. ECUADOR. Zamora—Chin- chipe: Punta de Pachicutza, entre Pachicutza y Miazi, orilla del Rio Nangaritza, 4°12'S, 78°38'W, 900-950 m, Neill 9660 ( MO, QCNE), Palacios 6613, 6617, 8439, 8460 (K. MO, QCA, QCNE). PERU. Bagua, Rio Co- maina, cerca del Puesto Comando Chavez Valdivia, 300- 350 m, Ferreyra 19471 (MO). Guarea ecuadoriensis W. Palacios, sp. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. Napo: Coca, Reserva Floristica El Chuncho, 0°27'S, 77°01'W, 250 m, 17 jun. 1987 (fl), W. Palacios 1633 (holotipo, QCNE; isotipos, K, MO). Figura 4. Ab omnibus speciebus notis generis partibus vegetativis junioribus dense aureo-velutinis, foliolis base rotundata vel breviter subcordatis, inferne tomentosis, 22- 34 vel ultra nervis secundariis binis, ovario 7-9-loculari, stylo supra ovarium curvato, capsula dense tomentoso-velutina opti¬ me distincta. Arbol hasta 20 m de altura y 30 cm de DAP, dioico. Fuste recto, poco ramificado. Partes jovenes densamente dorado-velutinas. Hojas 50 120 cm de largo, extendidas horizontalmente, con una yema velutina de crecimiento continuo muy evidente; pe¬ ciolo fuertemente acanalado, con la base envolvien- do a la ramita, densamente dorado-velutino; raquis ± 2-sulcado lateralmente (un surco a cada lado en el piano de los foliolos), densamente velutino; pe¬ ciolulos 15 mm de largo. Foliolos opuestos, rara- mente subopuestos, hasta 15 pares, 22-50(-70) x 9-16(-20) cm, tipicamente ohlongos a largamente oblongos, cartaceos; apice mucronado a corto-acu- minado; base redondeada a ligeramente subcordada; haz escasamente pubescente-tomentoso; enves to- mentoso. Nervacion prominente, eucamptodroma- broquidodroma; nervios secundarios 22-34 pares o mas, densamente tomentosos; algunos nervios in- tersecundarios aislados; nervios terciarios mas o me- nos oblicuos entre si. Inflorescencia axilar o naciendo sobre axilas de hojas caidas, una panicula pendiente con crecimiento continuo, 20 95 cm de largo, den¬ samente dorado-tomentosa; ramificaciones de la in¬ florescencia escasas, en la base o de la mitad hacia abajo, hasta 20 cm de largo; pedicelos 4-10 mm de largo; bracteolas 4-6 mm de largo, ovadas, lan- ceoladas. Flores unisexuales (vistas 3), 1.6-2.2 mm de largo. Caliz ciatiforme, 6-9 mm de largo, 2-3 lobado, pubescente. Petalos (5-)6-7, largamente 1.5cm Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Palacios Especies Nuevas de Meliaceae 161 Figura 4. Guarea ecuadoriensis W. Palacios. —A. Hoja. —B. Inflorescencia. —C. Flor (calk, petalos, y tubo estaminal). —D. Base del peciolo. —E. Tubo estaminal abierto. —F. Corte longitudinal del ovario. —G. Ovario. (A-G, Palacios 1633.) 162 Novon oblongos a ligeramente lanceolados, 18-20 x 4-6 mm, agudos, recurvados, pubescentes. Tubo esta- minal ovoide-cilindrieo, 12-15 mm de largo, 3.5- 4 mm de diametro en el apice, 8 10 mm en la parte mas ancha; anteras (12-) 13-14. Nectario ancho, ± estriado. Ovario 7-9-locular, pubescente-hispido, 2 ovulos sobrepuestos por loculo; estilo curvado arri- ba del ovario (base del estilo), birsuto; estigma ca- pitado-discoide. Capsula globosa, obovoide, 7 9-loc- ular, 4-6 x 4-6 cm, truncada o redondeada en el apice, densamente dorado pubescente-velutina; pe- ricarpio 0.8-1.1 cm de grosor, 1-2 semillas sobre- puestas por loculo, a veces una abortiva, elipticas- aplanadas si se desarrollan solas, truncadas en el apice o base si hay 2 por compresion. Distribution. Amazonia occidental en Ecuador, Peru, y Colombia bajo los 400 m, en bosque tropical humedo sobre suelos aluviales relativamente fertiles. Guarea ecuadoriensis es una especie absoluta- mente distinta del resto de especies de Guarea co- nocidas. En el campo, es facilmente distinguible por su fuste recto, pobremente ramificado, las ramitas terminales y yemas densamente dorado-velutinas, las enormes hojas, y los foliolos numerosos de hasta 70 cm de largo con mas de 22 pares de nervios secundarios, densamente dorado-tomentosos por el enves. Es dificil establecer relaciones claras entre G. ecuadoriensis y otras del genero, porque habiendo caracteres comunes, hay otros que son drastica- mente distintos entre la especie descrita y las es¬ pecies conocidas. Dos especies (G. macropetala Pennington y G. carapoides Harms) tienen carac¬ teres comunes importantes. Guarea macropetala es semejante a la especie descrita por las flores grandes, el ovario 7—9-locular, y los frutos de 5 cm de largo, pero maximo con 8 pares de foliolos con la base atenuada, 14-23 cm de largo, y 10-15 pares de nervios secundarios. Guarea carapoides, una es¬ pecie de la que unicamente existe una foto y un fragmento de coleccion (Pennington & Styles, 1981), es quiza la especie mas relacionada a G. ecuado¬ riensis. La coleccion de Vdsquez & Jaramillo 2454 (MO) del Alto Amazonas, en Shucushuyacu, Peru, corresponde casi exactamente a la description hecha por Harms y completada por Pennington para G. carapoides; sin embargo, aunque en tamaho de hojas y foliolos, numero y tamaho de petalos son semejantes, G. ecuadoriensis tiene un ovario 7(- 9)-locular en lugar de (1 1-12-)l3-locular de G. carapoides. Adicionalmente la especie descrita es fuertemente distinta por el indumento tomentoso- velutino de sus partes jovenes e inflorescencias y otras partes de la planta, en lugar del indumento puberulo de todas las partes de G. carapoides. Un caracter muy importante para establecer re¬ laciones entre las especies de Guarea segun Pen¬ nington & Styles (1981) y considerado valido aqui, es el fruto. Las especies con frutos mayores a 5 cm de diametro y 7 o mas loculos son G. carinata Ducke, G. grandifolia DC., G. macropetala, y G. purusana C. DC., posiblemente tambien G. cara¬ poides de la que no se conoce el fruto. Estas especies tienen frutos glabros, puberulos, pero nunca tomen- toso-velutinos, siendo muy distintas en los caracteres de las hojas a G. ecuadoriensis. Colecciones revisa das. ECUADOR. INapo: Coca, Es- tacion Experimental INIAP-Payamino, 5 km N de Coca, 0°25'S, 77WW, 250 m, Palacios et al. 1285 (MO, QAME, QCNE), Palacios 3198 (MO, QCNE). PERU. Loreto: Maynas, Iquitos, carretera Iquitos-Nauta, 4°10'S, 73°20'W, 120 m, I dsquez & Soto 8324 (MO), / dsquez et al. 6599 (MO). COLOMBIA. Amazonas: Leticia, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Centro Adminis¬ trative Mata-Mata, km 4, 0°47'S, 70°15'W, 120 m, Hildas dc Prieto 3164 (MO). Ruagea membranacea W. Palacios, sp. nov. TIPO: Ecuador. Napo: El Chaco, margen de- recha del Rio Quijos (Coca), La Ave Brava, 0°36'S, 77°31'W, 1,800-1,900 m, sep. 1990 (H), Palacios 5445 (holotipo, QCNE; isotipos, K, MO, QCA). Figura 5. Ruageae insigni (C. DC. in J. D. Smith) Pennington affinis sed gemmis nudis, foliolis membranaceis, glabris, acuminatis, inflorescentia laxa, pauciflora, pedicellis 6-9 mm longis abunde differt. Arbusto a arbolito de hasta 5 m de altura, dioico. Corteza del luste densamente lenticelada, las lenti- celas de 2-3 mm de ancho por 10-30 mm de largo. Ramitas jovenes con pelos estrigulosos dispersos, lenticeladas. Yemas jovenes densamente pubescen¬ tes, desnudas. Hojas helicoidales, imparipinnadas, 13-30 cm de largo (incluido el foliolo terminal); peciolo terete con pelos estrigulosos dispersos; raquis terete con pelos estrigulosos dispersos o concentra- dos solamente en la union de los peciolulos; pecio- lulos laterales 2-5 mm de largo, peciolulo terminal hasta 2 cm de largo. Foliolos opuestos, menos fre- cuente subopuestos, (7—)9— 11, oblongos a elipticos, los foliolos basales suborbiculares, membranosos, mi- nutamente pelucido-punteados, 4 15 x 2.5 4.5 cm; apice acuminado; base ligeramente asimetrica, cuneada a atenuada o ± decurrente en el foliolo terminal; haz y enves glabros, raramente con pelos estrigulosos dispersos a lo largo del nervio medio y papilas rojizas diminutas por el enves; margen con pelos dispersos; nervios secundarios 6-14 pares, intersecundarios conspicuos; terciarios finamente re- ticulados. Inflorescencia axilar, una panicula laxa con pocas flores, 10-25 cm de largo; ramificaciones Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Palacios Especies Nuevas de Meliaceae 163 Figura 5. Ruagea membranacea W. Palacios. —A. Habito. —B. Flor abierta. —C. Fruto. (A-B, Palacios 5445; C, Palacios 5333.) laterales hasta 6 cm de largo, glabras o con pelos estrigulosos dispersos; pedunculo aplanado; pedice- los 6-9 mm de largo, articulado ± en la parte media. Caliz pateliforme; sepalos 5, ovados a suborbiculares, 0.5-0.8 mm de largo, glabros. Petalos 5, oblongos, 6-7.5 x 1.5-3 mm, glabros, apice redondeado. Tubo estaminal cilindrico cerca 5.5 mm de largo, glabro, minutamente crenado. Anteras 10. Nectario representado por un estipe ancho debajo del ovario. Ovario 3-5-locular, glabro o con pelos dispersos; dos ovulos sobrepuestos por cada loculo; estilo dis- coide. Capsula globosa o subglobosa, 3-4(-5) val- vada, 1-2.5 cm de diametro, densamente lentice- lada; semillas 1-2 sobrepuestas por loculo, cubiertas por un arilodio rojo, generalmente 1-3 semillas por fruto, raramente hasta 5, 0.8-1.2 cm de largo. Distribucion. Aparentemente es una especie en- demica a las faldas del Volcan Sumaco y alrededores, una zona con mas de 4,500 mm de precipitacion 164 Novon en las faldas orientales de los Andes en Ecuador. Es un arbusto o un arbolito mediano, comun en el bosque primario entre 1,600-1,900 m; alcanza los 5 m de altura y 7 cm de DAP. La madera es rosada- oscura y muy dura. Las flores de color crema-ver- dosas ocurren de septiembre a octubre. Los frutos ban sido colectados en octubre en arboles que tam- bien tenian botones florales. Las especies de Ruagea son mayormente distin- guibles por sus hojas y frutos. Las Hores, a mas de su tamario, no tienen caracteres taxonomicos muy utiles. Segun Pennington & Styles (1981), se re- conocen cinco especies para la Flora Neotropica, todas con foliolos c.artaceos a coriaceos, no acumi- nados, pubescentes en diferentes grados. Ruagea membranacea tiene foliolos completa- mente membranosos, casi transparentes cuando son jovenes, acuminados, y glabros. Ruagea insignis (C. DC. in J. D. Smith) Pennington, un arbol grande de tierras bajas (< 900 m), es la unica especie conocida del genero con foliolos glabros, pero esta tiene un conjunto de escamas distintivas que cubren las yemas jovenes, y hojas y foliolos mucho mas grandes. Aun las especies consideradas como dudosas por Pennington, son diferentes. Asi, R. raimondii, R. smithii, y R. tomentosa, tienen foliolos villosos, pubescentes, o tomentosos. Colecciones revisadas. ECUADOR. INapo: El Chaco, margen derecha del Rio Quijos (Rio Coca), La Ave Brava, 0°36'S, 77°31'W, 1,800-1,900 m, Palacios 5309 , 5333 (MO, QCA, QCNE); Canton Archidona, Faldas del \ olcan Suinaco, sendero entre El Pacto y Huahua Sumaco, 0°36'S, 77°35'W, 1,700-1,900 m, Palacios & \eill4714 (MO, QCA, QCNE). Ruagea microphylla W. Palacios, sp. now TIPO: Ecuador. Loja: carretera Loja-La Toma, Cerro Villonaco, a 20 km de Loja, 2,200-2,400 m, ago. 1983 (fl), Jaramillo & Winnerskjold 5681 (holotipo, AAU). Ruageae hirsutae (C. DC.) Harms affinis sed 5-15 foliolis oppositis, oblongis vel oblongo-oblanceolatis, base inaequali-acuta vel base inaequali-cuneiformi, 2-6 cm longis et 1-1.5 cm latis, glabris non nisi pilis strigosis sparsis praecipue nervum medianum secus, inflorescentia thyrsoidea, 2.5-5 cm longa, differt. Arbusto a arbolito hasta 5 m de altura, dioico. Ramitas terminales y yemas adpreso-puberulas (es- trigulosas), papilosas. Hojas imparipinnadas, 5 14 cm de largo (incluido foliolo terminal); peciolo se- miterete, adpreso-puberulo (estriguloso), raquis irre- gularmente semiterete, esparcidamente estriguloso; papiloso. Foliolos opuestos, 5-15, sesiles o peciolulos menores a 2 mm de largo, oblongos a ligeramente oblongo-oblanceolados, el foliolo terminal ± eliptic.o, 2 6 x 1-1.5 cm, coriaceos, apice obtuso, agudo, base asimetrica-aguda, cuneada, glabros o unica- mente con pelos estrigulosos disperses, principal- mente a lo largo de los nervios, mezclados con papilas rojas. Nervacion eucamptodroma a oscuramente broquidodroma; nervios secundarios oscuros, tenues a prominulentos, 6-12 pares, irregularmente con- vergentes; nervios intersecundarios oscuros, cortos, sinuosos. Inflorescencia axilar, un tirso estrecho, 2.5-5 cm de largo, densamente estriguloso; rami- ficaciones laterales hasta 1.3 cm de largo. Flores unisexuales (vistas 9). Sepalos 5, libres, 0.8-1 mm de largo, estrigulosos, ciliados. Petalos 5, libres, quincunciales, oblongos a espatulados, 4-5 x 1-2 mm, glabros. Tubo estaminal cilindrico, 3-4 mm de largo, 2-3 mm de diametro, glabro. Anteroides 10. Nectario un anillo expandido debajo del ovario. Ovario estrechamente ovoide, 3-locular, cada loculo con 2 ovulos sobrepuestos, pelos erguidos en la base; estilo glabro, estigma discoide. Fruto (inmaduro) globoso, puberulo. La nueva especie es conocida solamente del sur del Ecuador, entre 2,200-2,500 m, en areas dis- turbadas o en bosque primario. Es distinta de otras especies del genero por los foliolos pequenos, glabros o solo con pelos estrigulosos dispersos. Ruagea hir- suta (C. DC.) Harms, la especie mas cercana, ra- ramente tiene foliolos menores a 5 cm de largo, pero usualmente son tambien mas anchos, casi siempre hirsutos y mas numerosos. Colecciones revisadas. ECUADOR. Loja: Loja-Sa- raguro, km 25, Buenavista y Taquil, 0°54’S, 79°20'W, 2,400 2,550 in. Jorgensen & l lion 92005 (AAU, QCA); El Cisne-Gualel, 3°52'S, 79°20'\\ . 2,330-2,650 m, Fre- ire et al. 1023 (AAU). Agradecimientos. Dejo constancia de gratitud a David Neill por la revision de este documento, a Maria Burbano y todo el personal del Herbario Na- cional del Ecuador, a Daniel Rubio, a la Fundacion Jatun Sacha, y al proyecto SUBIR por todo el apoyo brindado en los inventarios floristicos. Un agrade- cimiento especial a Tarciso Filgueiras por la diag¬ nosis en Latin y a Mary Merello. Literatura Citada Holdridge, L. 1987. Ecologia Basada en Zonas de Vida. 11CA, San Jose, Costa Rica. Pennington, T. & B. T. Styles. 1981. Meliaceae. Flora Neotropica. 28. Organization for Flora Neotropica, New York. New Species of Swartzia (Fabaceae: Faboideae) from Amazonia John J. Pipoly III Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Agustin Rudas LI. Missouri Botanical Garden, Apartado Aereo 241598, Santafe de Bogota, Colombia Abstract. Studies in Amazonian plant diversity have revealed the presence of two new species of Swartzia, S. oscarpintoana Pipoly & Rudas and S. gracilis Pipoly & Rudas. ResumEN. Estudios en diversidad vegetal amazo- nica revelaron la presencia de dos nuevas especies del genero Swartzia, S. oscarpintoana Pipoly & Rudas y S. gracilis Pipoly & Rudas. Swartzia oscarpintoana Pipoly & Rudas, sp. nov. TYPE: Colombia. Amazonas: Mcpio. La Ped- rera, Inspeccion Santa Isabel, Parque Nacional Natural Cahuinari, Rio Cahuinari, 01°28'S, 70°46'W, 300 m, 29 Nov. 1990 (fr), J. Pi¬ poly, A. Rudas et al. 12886 (holotype, COL; isotypes, F, FMB, CH, K, MO, NY, US). Fig¬ ure 1. Quoad stylum terminalern, stigma capitellatum atque ovarium arcuatum fusiformeque, praeclare ad sectionerri Terminalern pertinet, et intra has propter ramulos dense chocolatino-nitido-velutinos, foliola imparipinnata cori- acea supra nitida subtus dense chocolatino-velutina, inflo- rescentiam ramulinam racemosamque allopatricae .S’, pic- tae valde arete affinis, sed ab ea pedicellis cylindricis (non clavatis), bracteis caducis (non persistentibus), lobulis ca- lycinis 5-6 (non 4), gynophoro ovarioque dense adpresso- velutino (non glabro) denique stylo 8-12 (non 5-7) mm longo statim separabilis. Tree to 40 m tall x 38 cm DBH; branchlets, stipules, petioles, leaf rachis, petiolules, and abaxial leaflet surface velvety with shiny chocolate-brown hairs; branchlets strongly 6-10-ribbed, the ribs rounded, disappearing with age, 5-10 mm diam.; pith moderately hard. Stipules caducous, coriaceous, extremely widely ovate, 5-7 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, apex rounded, velutinous without, glabrous within, the margin entire. Leaves imparipinnate; pet¬ ioles terete, 0.5-1 cm long, conspicuously pulvinate; rachis subterete, slightly canaliculate adaxially, (10—)14—19.5 cm long, stipellate at each pair of leaflets, the stipels coriaceous, ovate, 2-3 mm long, 2-2.5 mm wide, apex acute, densely velutinous; petiolules subterete, 2-3.5 mm long, densely ve¬ lutinous; leaflets 4-6-jugate, coriaceous, dimorphic, the basal pair obovate to oblanceolate, (4.5-)5- 6.5(-9) cm long, 2.2-3 cm wide, apex short-acu¬ minate, base truncate, the midrib impressed above, prominently raised below, secondary veins 12-16 pairs, nitid and punctate above, densely velutinous below, the margin revolute, entire; other leaflets narrowly oblong to narrowly oblanceolate, (7.5—) 11- 16 cm long, (1.8-)2.5-3(-4) cm wide, the apex abruptly acuminate, the acumen 0.7-1 cm long, the base obliquely truncate to subcordate, the midrib impressed above, prominently raised below, second¬ ary veins 10-14, nitid and punctate above, densely velutinous below, the margin revolute, entire. Inflo¬ rescence ramuligerous, a simple axillary raceme, 10-20(-23) cm long; rachis erect, velvety with shiny chocolate-brown hairs; floral bracts coria¬ ceous, ovate, 0.8-1.2 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, the apex acute, glabrescent above, densely veluti¬ nous below, caducous; bracteoles obsolete, without scars; pedicels cylindrical, 2—3(—5) mm long; calyx stiffly coriaceous, rupturing into 5-6 irregular lobes at maturity, 7-15 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, apex acute, densely appressed-velutinous without, gla¬ brous within; corolla and androecium unknown; gyn- ophore 1 2.5 cm long, the ovary fusiform, arcuate, 15-30 mm long, 3-5 mm diam., densely appressed- velutinous, the style black, 8 12 mm long, the stig¬ ma capitellate. Fruit, unknown. Distribution. Known only from the type, col¬ lected in Amazonas, Colombia, 300 m elevation. Ecology. Swartzia oscarpintoana grows in var- zea forest on lateritic soils (rebalse alto), dominated by Lepidocaryum tenue Martius and Astrocaryum jauari Martius. It is a common element of the can¬ opy at the margin of the varzea forest, on deep alluvial deposits near the terra firme transition zone. Etymology. This species is named for Oscar Her¬ nando Pinto, former regional director of INDER- ENA for the Amazon Basin of Colombia, whose collaboration and interest in the promotion of na¬ tional parks as biodiversity research centers has Novon 4: 165-168. 1994. 166 Novon Figure 1. Swartzia oscarpintoana Pipoly & Rudas. —A. Flowering branchlet showing cylindrical pedicels, velutinous inflorescence rachis, gynophore, and ovary. —B. Leaflet pair, showing obliquely truncate bases, ovate stipules, and subterete leaf rachis. —C. Close-up of abaxial leaf surface, showing nitid-velutinous tomentum. A-C, drawn from the isotype. permitted teaching and basic research in the Am¬ azonian national parks of Colombia. The terminal style, capitellate stigma, and arcuate and fusiform ovary indicate that Swartzia oscar¬ pintoana belongs to section Term in ales. Among the species of that section, the brown nitid-velutinous tomentum of the branchlets and abaxial leaf surfaces concomitant with the coriaceous leaves and race¬ mose ramuligerous inflorescences indicates a close relationship to S. picta Spruce ex Bentham. How- Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Pipoly & Rudas Swartzia from Amazonia 167 Figure 2. Swartzia gracilis Pipoly & Rudas. —A. Flowering branchlet showing ramuligerous inflorescences of fascicles of racemes. - li. Flower, showing suhorbicular petal blade, falcate ovary, and punctiform stigma. — C. Anther, adaxial view. —D. Anther, abaxial view, showing darkened connective. A D, drawn from the holotype. ever, Swartzia oscarpintoana is readily separated from S. picta by the cylindrical pedicels, caducous floral bracteoles, 5-6-lobed calyx, the velutinous gynophore and ovary, and longer style. Swartzia gracilis Pipoly & Rudas, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Loreto: Otto. Iquitos, Estacion Experi¬ mental del IAAP, Allpahuayo, Inventario Per- manente, 04°10'S, 73°30'W, 150 m, 22 Mar. 1992 (fl), R. Vasquez, S. Vasquez & N. Jar- amillo 17951 (holotype, AMAZ; isotypes, COL, F, G, K, MO, NY, US, USM). Figure 2. Propter stylum punctiformem, ovarium obovoideum, gynoecium glabrum, pedicellum bracteolis praeditum nec- non foliola 1-4-juga ad sectionem Swartziarn seriem re- curvam pertinet; intra has quoad ramulos et inflorescen- 168 Novon tiae rhachim dense minuteque aureo-malpighio-strigulosos, certeque perianthium glabrum S. leiocalycinae valde arete affinis, sed ab ea stipulis late triangularibus (non deltatis) 1-1.3 (nec 0.5-0.7) mm longis, 1.11.5 (nec 0.5 0.7) mm latis, folii rhachide angulata (nec canaliculata), foliolis chartaceis (non coriaceis) ad bases acutis (nec rotundatis), petiolulis 6-8 (non 3-5) mm longis, inflorescentiis race- mosis fasciculatis (nec paniculatis), bracteis 1 et bracteolis 2 (non 1) ad pedicelli basim atque apicem (nec non nisi ad basim tantum) insertis, denique staminibus majoribus 6 (non 2) praeclare distinguitur. Subcanopy tree to 30 m tall, 45 cm DBH; bran- chlets terete, 2-4 mm diam., densely and micro¬ scopically golden biramous-strigulose, glabrescent; stipules chartaceous, widely triangular, 1-1.3 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, apex acute, densely biramous- strigulose, the margin entire, caducous. Leaves par- ipinnate or imparipinnate; petioles, rachis, and pet- iolules minutely biramous-strigulose; petioles very narrowly canaliculate, 5-7 mm long, conspicuously pulvinate, glabrous; rachis subterete, angulate, (4.5-)6-9(-12) cm long, stipels absent, distal rachis mucron 3-5 mm long, caducous; petiolules terete, adaxially very narrowly canaliculate, 6-8 mm long, glabrescent; leaflets 1 -4-jugate, chartaceous, mono- morphic, oblong to ovate, 7-14 cm long, (3.5-)4- 6(-8) cm wide, apex caudate-acuminate, base acute, midrib slightly raised above, prominently raised be¬ low, the secondary veins 22-30 pairs, glabrous, nitid and epunctate above, pallid below, the margin flat, entire. Inflorescence ramuligerous and ramigerous, a fascicle of (1 —)2—6 simple racemes, rarely axillary, 3.5-10 cm long; rachis erect, densely and micro¬ scopically golden biramous-strigulose; floral bract at pedicel base 1, chartaceous, subulate, 1-1.2 mm long, 0.1-0.2 mm wide, the apex acute, densely biramous-strigulose, the margin entire; bracteoles paired, inserted ca. 3 4 length of pedicel from base, chartaceous, subulate, 0.7 0.8 mm long, ca. 0.1 mm wide, the apex attenuate, densely strigulose, the margin entire; pedicels cylindric, 5-7 mm long; calyx stiffly coriaceous, rupturing into 3 highly re¬ flexed lobes at maturity, the lobes 6-8 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, glabrous; petal yellow, unguiculate, glabrous, the claw 3-5 mm long, the blade subor- bicular, 4-6 mm long and wide, the apex truncate, the margin irregular, entire; larger stamens 6, 7-8 mm long, the filaments yellow, 6-7 mm long, the anthers oblong, 0.8-1 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, apex and base emarginate, the connective darkened dorsally; smaller stamens numerous, 0.5-0.6 mm long, the filaments 0.4-0.5 mm long, the anthers quadrate, 0.8-1 mm long and wide, the connective darkened dorsally; torus below gynoecium sparsely and minutely glandular-granulose; gynoecium gla¬ brous, the gynophore 7-9 mm long, the ovary fal¬ cate, 5-6.5 mm long, 1.5-1.8 mm wide, abruptly curved apically, the style 0.7-1 mm long, the stigma punctiform. Fruit unknown. Distribution. Endemic to the Iquitos area of Am¬ azonian Peru and adjacent Brazil, at 150 m ele¬ vation. Ecology. Swartzia gracilis is a subcanopy tree in tall terra firme moist forests on deep white sands. Etymology. The epithet refers to the slender na¬ ture of the inflorescence in relation to the leaves. The punctiform style, obovoid ovary, glabrous gynoecium, bracteolate pedicels, and 1-4-jugate leaflets clearly place Swartzia gracilis in section Swartzia series recurvae Cowan. Within that series, the densely and minutely golden biramous-strigulose hairs of the inflorescence rachis and branchlets and the glabrous perianth indicate a very strong rela¬ tionship to S. leiocalycina Bentham, a species from the Guianas. However, the angulate foliar rachis, chartaceous leaflets with obtuse bases, longer peti¬ olules, inflorescence consisting of a fascicle of ra¬ cemes, three bracteoles with two at the top of the pedicel and one at the bottom, and longer stamens all serve to distinguish Swartzia gracilis. Paratype. BRAZIL. Amazonas: Rio Javari, Rio Cur- aya, 8 mi. above (S of) mouth, 26 Oct. 1976 (H), G. Prance et al. 24139 (INPA. MG, NY, US). Acknowledgments. Our work in plant diversity and phytogeography in the Amazon Basin is sup¬ ported by the generosity of the John D. and Cath¬ erine T. MacArthur Foundation. We are grateful to Roy Gereau for reviewing the manuscript and to Rodolfo Vasquez for providing the illustrations. Una Nueva Ajfonsea (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae: Ingeae) de la Amazonia Peruana John J. Pipoly III Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. Rodolfo Vasquez Missouri Botanical Garden, Proyecto Flora del Peru, Apartado 280, Iquitos, Peru RESUMEN. Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie del genero Affonsea, A. gereauana, proveniente de la region amazonica alrededor de Iquitos, Peru. No¬ table por sus peciolos cortos, flores y hojas grandes, caliz, corola y carpelos puberulos, y por su estigma cupuliforme, A. gereauana tiene parentesco con A. densiflora Bentham, de Bahia, Brasil. Esta nueva especie es el primer reporte para el genero en el Peru. ABSTRACT. A new species of Ajfonsea , A. ger¬ eauana , from Amazonian Peru near Iquitos, is de¬ scribed and illustrated. Notable for its short petioles, large leaves and flowers, puberulent calyx, corolla, and carpels, and finally, cupuliform stigma, A. ger¬ eauana is related to A. densiflora of Bahia, Brazil. This new species is the first report for the genus from Peru. Inventarios floristicos de las Reservas Allpahuayo, del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Pe¬ ruana (IIAP) y del Caserio Mishana, como parte integral de investigaciones floristicas para el sub- proyecto “Florula de las Reservas Biologicas de Iquitos” han revelado una nueva especie del genero Affonsea St. Hilaire. El genero era conocido uni- camente de Brasil, y comprende 7 especies notables por sus gineceos apocarpicos, con estilos fibres. Affonsea tiene Inga Miller como su genero her- mano, y se separa por la siguiente clave (Hutchinson, 1964: 292; Nielsen, 1981: 178). la. Gineceo de 2 a 6 carpelos, los estilos fibres . Affonsea lb. Gineceo de un solo carpelo, estilo uno . Inga Esperando resultados de los investigadores que actualmente estan llevando a cabo revisiones taxo- nomicas de la tribu Ingeae , preferimos describir la entidad siguiente en el genero Affonsea. Affonsea gereauana Pipoly & Vasquez, sp. nov. TIPO: Peru. Loreto: Provincia de Maynas, Dis¬ trito de Sta. Maria de Nanay, Rio Nanay, Ca¬ serio Mishana, 8 Sep. 1990 (fl), R. Vasquez , 0. Phillips & N. Jaramillo 14326 (holotipo, MO; isotipos, AMAZ, F, G, K, NY, P, US, USM). Figura 1. Quoad rhachides foliares subteretes, glandes interfolio- lares orbiculares, foliola 4-5-juga, coriacea nitidaque, A. densifloram Bentham simulans sed ab ea petiolis 5-10 (non 10-15) mm longis, foliolis terminalibus 26“40 (nec 12-15) cm longis, calyce 1.6-2 (non 3.3-4.8) cm longis, lobis calycinis 2-3 (non 6-8), subdeltatis puberulisque (nec lanceolatis viscidulo-tomentosisque), corollis 4.5-5.5 (non 2.5-3) cm longis, lobis corollinis puberulis (non to- mentoso-villosis), carpellis puberulis (non glabris) denique stigmate cupuliforme (nec punctiforme) statim separabilis. Arbol ca. 12 m de alto; ramitas teretes, conspi- cuamente lenticeladas, diminutamente puberulentas, glabrescentes; medula amplia, aparentemente fis- tulada; estipulas coriaceas, linear-oblongas a oblan- ceolado-falcadas, 10-25 mm de largo, 1.5-4 mm de ancho, apice subulado, 3-5 estriado-nervadas y carinadas longitudinalmente. Hojas paripinnadas, brevipecioladas; peciolo 5-10 mm de largo, raquis hueco, subterete, 20-37 cm de largo, mucronado en el apice, el mucron deciduo, 7-10 mm de largo; glandula foliar discoide, entre cada par de foliolos, ligeramente depresa en el centro, 1.5-2.2 mm de diam.; peciolulos teretes, 4-16 mm de largo, 2-5 mm de diam.; foliolos coriaceos, opuestos, peciolu- lados, 4-5 pares, glabros en la haz, diminutamente rufo-punteados en el enves, nervio medio emergente en ambas caras, nervios secundarios pianos a lige- ramente emergentes en la haz, emergentes en el enves, venacion terciaria plana en ambas caras, los margenes ligeramente revolutos, enteros, glabros; foliolos basales ovado-elipticos, (5.5—)9— 13 cm de largo, (3.5-)5-9 cm de ancho, el apice brevemente acuminado a obtuso, base redondeada, nervios se¬ cundarios 5-7 pares; foliolos centrales elipticos u oblongos, 22-40 cm de largo, 8-14 cm de ancho, apice brevemente acuminado a obtuso, base sub- obtusa a cuneada, nervios secundarios 7-11 pares; foliolos terminales obovados a elipticos, 26-40 cm Novon 4: 169-171. 1994. 170 Novon Figura 1. Affonsea gereauana Pipolv & Vasquez. - A. Rama fertil. — B. Seccion longitudinal de la flor, mostrando los estilos separados y corola tubiforme. — C. Estambre inmaduro. —D. Estambre en antesis. —E. Gineceo, mostrando los carpelos apocarpicos. —F. Seccion longitudinal de un carpelo, mostrando las dos bias de ovulos. —G. Seccion transversal de un carpelo. —H. Apice de estilo con estigma cupuliforme. A H, del holotipo. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Pipoly & Vasquez Affonsea gereauana 171 de largo, 9-14 cm de ancho, apice brevi-acuminado, obtuso o redondeado, base sub-obtusa a cuneada, nervios secundarios 9-12 pares. Inflorescencias axilares, sobre ramitas juveniles con hojas general- mente deciduas; con 1-3 racimos, pedunculos, 2- 15 cm de largo, frecuentemente lenticelados y di- minutamente puberulentos; racimo 2-8 cm de largo, bractea basal coriacea, eliptico-oblonga, obovada o falcada, 3-13 mm de largo, 1-4 mm de ancho; bracteolas florales coriaceas, diminutas e inconspi- cuas, deciduas; pedicelo cilindrico, 4-7 mm de largo, 1-2 mm diam., articulado en la base; botones obo- vados u oblongos, rectos o curvados, 3.0-4.5 mm de largo; caliz cartaceo, 3.3-4.8 cm de largo, di- vidido irregularmente en 2-3 lobulos, el tubo 2.3- 4.5 mm de largo, los lobulos subdeltados, 3-5 mm de largo, 4-6 mm de ancho, diminutamente pube¬ rulentos en la base y hacia el apice; corola tubiforme, verdosa, 4.5-5.5 cm de largo, el tubo 4-5 cm de largo, los lobulos 3—5(—6), lanceolados, 4-7 mm de largo, apice subulado, puberulo, luego partiendose irregularmente hasta 13 mm de profundidad; an- droceo de numerosos estambres, los estambres de 5.5- 9.5 cm de largo, el tubo estaminal 3.0-4.8 cm de largo, adnato al tubo corolino 9-12 mm en la base; porciones libres de los filamentos 2.6-3.2 cm de largo hacia el apice, anteras dorsifijas, mas anchas que largas, 0.4-0.6 mm de largo, 0.4-0.6 mm de ancho, el conectivo amplio, casi tan grande como las tecas y separando a estas una de la otra, las tecas dehiscentes por hendiduras anchas longitudi- nales; poliades discoide, rojizas; ovario apocarpico, glabro; carpelos 5, sub-cilindricos, erectos, 2.8-3.2 mm de largo, 0.4-0.5 mm de diam., diminutamente puberulos, cada carpelo con placentacion parietal, los ovulos 20, en 2 series de 10, los estilos filiformes, 5.5- 6.8 cm de largo, el estigma cupuliforme, 0.2- 0.4 mm de diam. Fruto no visto. Distribution. Conocida solamente de la cuenca amazonica peruana cerca de Iquitos, en bosques humedos no inundables, 128-140 m. Etimologia. Se dedica esta especie a Roy E. Gereau, del Missouri Botanical Garden, quien nos ha facilitado la identificacion de muchas Mimosoi- deae, y tiene interes especial en Inga y otros re- lacionados. Comentarios. Affonsea gereauana tiene paren- tesco con A. densiflora Bentham, de la cual se separa facilmente por sus peciolos mas cortos, es¬ tigma cupuliforme, foliolos y flores mas grandes, finalmente por su corola y carpelos puberulos. Esta especie es la primera conocida del Peru y la primera fuera del Brasil oriental. Paratipos. PERU. Loreto: Prov. Maynas, Allpahua- yo, Estacidn Experimental del Instituto de Investigaciones de la Amazonia Peruana, 04°108'S, 73°30'W, 128 m, 8 Sep. 1989 (fl), C. Grandez & A. Sarmiento 1377 (AMAZ, F, G, MO. NY, P, US, USM); Caserio Mishana, Rio Nanay, Campamento No. 1, 03°50'S, 73°30'W , 140 m, 19 Nov. 1981 (fl), J. Ruiz & N. Murphy 203( AMAZ, F, GH, MO, US, USM). Agradecimientos. Nuestras investigaciones en la diversidad vegetal amazonica han sido subvencio- nadas por la John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, a quien debemos nuestros sinceros agra¬ decimientos. Tambien agradecemos a Roy Gereau por haber leido el manuscrito y haber hecho valiosas sugerencias. Literatura Citada Hutchinson, J. 1964. The Genera of Flowering Plants. Vol. 1. Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford. Nielsen, I. 1981. Ingeae. Pp. 173 190 in R. Polhill & P. Raven (editores), Advances in Legume System- atics, Part I. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Cyclopogon dressleri (Orchidaceae), a New Orchid Species from Panama Dariusz L. Szlachetko Gdansk University. Department of Plant Ecology and Nature Protection, Laboratory of Plant Taxonomy and Phytogeography, Al. Legionow 9, 80-441 Gdansk, Poland ABSTRACT. A new species of Cyclopogon, C. dres¬ sleri Szlachetko from Panama, is described as new. It differs from the closely related C. ovalifolium Presl in having a fleshy winged isthmus and hornlike appendices on the basal lip auricles. The genus Cyclopogon Presl embraces two sub¬ genera, Cyclopogon and Beadlea (Smith) Szlach¬ etko, which differ from each other by the absence or presence of the basal union between sepals, re¬ spectively. The subgenus Cyclopogon contains only one species, C. ovalifolium Presl, native to the An¬ des of Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. While studying herbarium materials of the subtribe Spiranthinae deposited at FLAS, I found a new species of the subgenus. It is described here as follows. Cyclopogon dressleri Szlachetko, sp. nov. TYPE: Panama. Code: upper Rio Blanco, NW of El Cope (Caribbean slope), 600-800 m, Dressier 5986 (holotype, FLAS). Figure 1. Cyclopogon ovalifolii sirnilis, sed recedit auriculis la- belli processibus carnosis, cornubovariformibus et isthmo distincte alato, alis valde incrassatis, ad nervo primario labelli declinatis et canalis formantes. Roots 1-1.5 mm diarn., fleshy, clustered. Stem 240-280 mm tall, erect, delicate, above %-% glan¬ dular. Leaves 8, forming a basal rosette, petiolate; petiole up to 50 mm long, narrow; blade up to 50 mm long, 28 mm wide, sagittate, acute. Cauline bracts 4-5, herbaceous, acute, glabrous, adnate to the stem, slightly shorter than internodes. Inflores¬ cence 60-80 mm long, 10 15-flowered, dense or lax. Flowers rather small, slightly pendent, glabrous, green with white tips. Floral bracts 8 mm long, lanceolate, acute, membranous, herbaceous, gla¬ brous, single-nerved. Pedicel 1 mm long. Ovary ca. 7 mm long. Sepals connate to each other to % of their length, thin with thickened tips, single-nerved. Dorsal sepal 8.5 mm long, 1.2 mm wide, oblong- lanceolate, subobtuse. Lateral sepals 10.5 mm long, 1.4 mm wide, oblong, obtuse. Petals 7.5 mm long, 1 mm wide, oblong or linear, obtuse, thickened at apices, single-nerved. Lip on distinct claw', adnate to the sepaline tube; hypochile 6.5 mm long, 2.5 mm wide, narrowly obovate, thin at the base, thick¬ ening toward the concave center, with basal lip auricles ornamented by hornlike, fleshy appendices; isthmus 1.2 mm long, 2.2 mm wide, broadly winged, wings fleshy, in natural position bent inward, midvein thickened, papillate; epichile 2 mm long, 4 mm wide, elliptical, shallowly 4-lobed, fleshy, papillate. Column 5 mm long; column foot 1.5 mm long, adnate to the ovary. Anther 2.2 mm long. Rostellum 1.5 mm long, rostellum after removal of viscidium 1.3 mm long, shortly 3-dentate, side teeth with margins bent outward. Cyclopogon dressleri Szlachetko differs from the closely related C. ovalifolium Presl in the lip form. In the former species the lip auricles are ornamented by fleshy hornlike appendices, whereas in the latter one there are no calli on the basal lip lobules. The isthmus of C. dressleri extends into two fleshy, sub- orbicular wings on each side. In natural position they are bent toward the middle vein forming a kind of channel. The shallow rounded isthmus of C. oval¬ ifolium is not thickened on the margins. This new species is named for Robert L. Dressier, who first collected it. Acknowledgments. 1 am grateful to the curator of FLAS for the loan of herbarium materials and to Ryszard Ochyra for translating the diagnosis into Latin. Novon 4: 172-173. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Szlachetko Cyclopogon dressleri 173 holotype.) Three New Species of Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria (Rubiaceae) from Western Amazonia Charlotte M. Taylor Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166-0299, U.S.A. ABSTRACT. three previously undescribed species from western Amazonia, described and illustrated here, are: Psychotria huampamiensis C. M. Taylor, previously confused with P. acuminata Bentham; and P. cenepensis C. M. Taylor and P. ownbeyi Standley ex C. M. Taylor, both previously confused with P. zevallosii C. M. Taylor. The pantropical genus Psychotria L. (Rubiaceae: Psychotrieae) comprises at least 1,000 species. It is represented in the Neotropics by at least 500 species; its representation in this region has been outlined elsewhere (Taylor & Lorence, 1992; Taylor et ah, 1991). The species described below all belong to sub- genus Heteropsychotria Steyermark. The extensive sectional- and series-level classification that Stey¬ ermark (1972, 1974) used within this subgenus was applied only to species found in Venezuela and the Guyana Highlands. Except in a few cases, this clas¬ sification cannot be extended to these new species until this group is studied in more detail throughout its range. The following new species were discovered during review of western South American Rubiaceae for preparation of a species list for Peru (Brako & Zarucchi, 1993). Psychotria huampamiensis C. M. Taylor, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Loreto: prov. Alto Amazo¬ nas, Andoas, margen izquierda del rio Pastaza, Campamento OXI, 2°55'S, 76°25'W, 4 June 1981, R. Vasquez & N. Jaramillo 1896 (ho- lotype, MO; isotypes, AMAZ not seen, USM not seen). Figure 1. Psychotriae acuminatae Bentham similis, a qua inflo- rescentia spiciformi differt. Shrubs or small trees to 6 m tall, stems to 3 cm DBH, minutely puberulent to glabrescent. Leaves paired, with blades (11)12.5 30 cm long, (3.5)6.5 13 cm wide, 1.8 2.5(3.1) times as long as wide, elliptic, at apex acuminate with slender tip (1)1.5— 2 cm long, at base acute, membranaceous to thinly chartaceous, above shiny, above and below gla¬ brescent to minutely puberulous to usually more densely so on costa and secondary and sometimes tertiary veins, abaxially frequently with a line of pilosulous pubescence along sides of costa; second¬ ary veins 10-16 pairs, spreading, usually looping to connect at least in distal half of blade, occasionally with shallow foveolae and frequently barbate in vein axils, with costa, secondary veins, and sometimes also tertiary venation prominulous above and below, with 1(2) weak intersecondary veins usually present between pairs of secondary veins; petioles 0.8 2.5 cm long, sparsely to moderately puberulous; stipules sparsely to densely puberulous, united around the stem into a continuous sheath 1-2(3) mm long, with lobes deltoid to triangular, (1.5)3-5 mm long, acute. Inflorescences terminal, spiciform, narrowly cylin¬ drical; panicles 5-10 cm long, 1.5 2.5 cm wide, (2.5)3.3-6.7 times as long as wide, with flowers in open to strongly congested cymules of 3-11 on short stout lateral branches; peduncles 8 25 mm long; bracts 0.5-1.5 mm long, triangular to deltoid, acute to rounded, frequently caducous after anthesis, with¬ out bracteoles; pedicels 0 3 mm long; peduncle, axis, branches, bracts, and pedicels green, moder¬ ately and minutely puberulous; flowers with calyx green, moderately to densely puberulous, hypan- thium turbinate, ca. 0.8 mm long, limb 0.5-0.6 mm long, lobed for ca. V 2 its length, lobes deltoid, acute; corolla slenderly infundibular, white, externally pa¬ pillose to puberulous, membranaceous, strongly bent at base and curved in tube, internally glabrous ex¬ cept for a densely pilose zone at the stamen attach¬ ment; tube 6 mm long; lobes 1.5-1.8 mm long, ligulate, acute, spreading to recurved at anthesis; stamens in long-styled form 1.5 mm long, included; stigmas in long-styled form slightly exserted, 0.5- 0.6 mm long; disk annular or slit on one side, ca. 0.5 mm high. Infructescences similar in size and proportion to inflorescences, becoming red to red- purple; fruit 3-3.5 mm long, 5.5-6 mm wide, strongly didymous, the lobes subglobose, glabrate, blue; pyrenes smooth. Collected in flower in April, in fruit February-June, September, and November. Habitat and distribution. In wet, usually pri¬ mary forest at 125-500 m, Amazonian Colombia to northern Peru. Novon 4: 174-178. 1994. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Taylor Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria 175 (MO). This new species is distinguished by its thin-tex- tured shiny leaves that are abruptly acuminate at the apex, narrow spiciform inflorescences, and strongly didymous fruits with smooth pyrenes. In leaf, floral, and fruiting characters it is similar to Psychotria acuminata Bentham and P. compta Standley, with which it has been confused and with which it seems best classified in section Didymo- carpos Steyermark. This new species is also similar in general aspect to P. spiciflora Standley; this last species can be distinguished by its thicker-textured leaves 3.5-10.5 cm wide that are usually not shiny, strongly thickened inflorescence axis, sessile flowers, and pyrenes with low but evident longitudinal ridges. Berlin and collaborators report that the plant is locally called “nagkunuk,” “nankunuk,” “shawai- rua kumpari,” or “skuitugken.” The specific epithet refers to their study area on the Quebrada Huam- pami, where this species appears to be frequent. Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Amazonas: rio Putumayo, carretera entre Caucaya (Puerto Leguizamo) y La Tagua, Schultes 3742 (MO); municipio Leticia, Parque Nacional Natural Amacayacu, Rueda 477 (COL, MO). Caqueta: carretera entre Puerto Rico y San Vicente del Caguan, Hacienda Las Palmas, Cabrera 3646 (F). ECUADOR. Napo: Rio Yasuni, ca. 60 km upriver from Nuevo Ro- cafuerte, Foster 3619 (MO, S). Pastaza: rio Curaray, alrededores de la laguna Garzayacu, 1°29'S, 76°39'W, Neill & Palacios 6713 (MO, QCNE). PERU. Amazo¬ nas: Quebrada Huampami, lugar Tseasim, Ancuash 150 (MO, USM); Quebrada Kayainas, Rio Cenepa, Ancuash 370 (MO, USM); Rio Cenepa, vicinity of Huampami, ca. 5 km E of Chavez Valdivia, 4°30'S, 78°30'W, Ancuash 1379 (F); near Shaim above Quebrada Nahim, 1 day’s walk from Huampami to Rio Cenepa, Berlin 436 (MO, USM); vicinity of Quebrada Shimpunts, upper Rio Ce¬ nepa, Berlin 899 (MO, USM); valle del Rio Santiago, ca. 65 km al N de Pinglo, Quebrada Caterpiza, 2-3 km atras de la comunidad de Caterpiza, Huashikat 1943 (MO, USM), 2314 (MO, USM); Quebrada Etseketai, Rio Ce¬ nepa, Kayap 862 (MO, USM); Quebrada Huampami, Rio Cenepa, Kayap 899 (MO, USM). Loreto: Rio Corri- entes, upriver from Teniente Lopez oil camp, Gentry et al. 18958 (MO). Psychotria cenepensis C. M. Taylor, sp. nov. TYPE: Peru. Amazonas: a 1 km de La Poza, banda este del rio Santiago, 24 Aug. 1979, V. Huashikat 178 (holotype, MO; isotype, USM not seen). Figure 2A, B. Psychotriae zevallosii C. M. Taylor, P. oleandrellae (Standley) C. M. Taylor atque P. ownbeyi Standley ex C. M. Taylor similis, a quibis inflorescentia subsessili va¬ gina stipularia phylla subtenta diflert. Shrubs or small trees to 5 m tall, glabrous throughout. Leaves paired, with blades 4-11.5 cm long, 1.5-3.5 cm wide, 1.6-4 times as long as wide. 176 Novon elliptic to elliptic-oblong or somewhat oblanceolate, at apex acuminate with slender tip 1-1.5 cm long, at base acute, membranaceous to somewhat char- taceous, glabrous or abaxially sometimes with a line of pilosulous pubescence along the sides of the costa and secondary veins; secondary veins 11-13 pairs, spreading, curved, extending to and uniting with the cartilaginous margin, without foveolae, the costa prominulous adaxially, the costa, secondary veins, and sometimes the tertiary venation prominulous abaxially, with 1-3 intersecondary veins present between pairs of secondary veins; petioles 3-12 mm long, glabrous; stipules united around the stem into a continuous sheath 0.8-2 mm long and frequently ciliolate, with lobes 2, 0.5-3 mm long, aristate. Inflorescences terminal, densely congested, narrow¬ ly cylindrical, solitary, 1-1.5 cm long and in di¬ ameter, with ca. 3-7 flowers, sessile or with pedun¬ cles to 3 mm long, subtended by a leafless stipular sheath 2-3 mm long with 2 aristate lobes 1-3 mm long or this sometimes with rudimentary leaves to 1 cm long; bracts membranaceous to somewhat chartaceous, glabrous, yellow, the sheathing bracts 4-8, 8 12 mm long, 4-8 mm wide, oblanceolate to pandurate, truncate to rounded or auriculate at base, obtuse to rounded at apex, ciliolate, the floral bracts ca. 6-15, 8-10 mm long, 1-2 mm wide, narrowly ligulate to linear, acute at base and apex, ciliate; flowers with calyx glabrous, the limb 4.5-8 mm long, divided for half to all its length, the lobes narrowly triangular, acute, ciliolate; corollas not seen. Infructescences obovoid to hemispherical, 1-2 cm long, 2-2.5 cm wide, 0.8-0.5 times as long as wide, pale yellow; fruit 5-8 mm long, 5 9 mm wide, ellipsoid, slightly flattened laterally, orange to red; pyrenes with 4-5 longitudinal, rather sharp ridges. Collected in flower February, July, and November to December, in fruit January and July to August. Habitat and distribution. In wet, usually pri¬ mary forest at 180-300 m on the lower eastern slopes of the Cordillera del Condor in northern Peru. This new species is distinguished by its leaves with relatively long slender tips and secondary veins that extend to and unite with the cartilaginous mar¬ gin, small subtruncate stipules with two aristate lobes, capitate inflorescences subtended by generally leaf¬ less stipule sheaths, oblanceolate to pandurate yellow sheathing inflorescence bracts, a relatively long ca¬ lyx limb, and fruit becoming orange to red. In spite of the red rather than blue-black fruit, the placement of this species in subgenus Heteropsychotria is sup¬ ported by its persistent stipules that are biaristate and united around the stem, and green color when dry. It is not uncommon for the developing fruit of species of this subgenus to pass through a red or orange stage before becoming blue-black, and the mature fruit of this species may not have been seen by its collectors. This new species is similar to Psychotria olean- drella and P. zevallosii (Cephaelis tvilliamsii Stan- dley), both of which can be distinguished by their pedunculate inflorescences that are not subtended by a leafless stipular sheath, lanceolate to ovate sheathing inflorescence bracts, and calyx limbs to 2 mm long. Psychotria ownbeyi, described below, is also similar but can be distinguished by its pilo¬ sulous to puberulous pubescence, glandular-fimbri- ate and usually bifurcate to multifid stipular lobes, inflorescences not subtended by a leafless stipular sheath, and smooth pyrenes. Psychotria cenepensis has been confused with P. flavijiora (K. Krause) C. M. Taylor (Cephaelis flavijiora K. Krause), which has pedunculate inflorescences that are not sub¬ tended by a leafless extra stipular sheath and round¬ ed to deltoid stipules that lack well-developed aristae. Berlin and his colleagues report that this plant is locally called “samikua,” but has no practical use. The specific epithet refers to their study area on the Rio Cenepa, where this species appears to be fre¬ quent. Paratypes. PERU. Amazonas: Quebrada \\ ampusik entsa, Ancuash 734 (MO, USM); Rio Cenepa, vicinity of Huampami, ca. 5 kin E of Chavez Valdivia, 4°30'S, 78°30'W, al lado de Padre Carlos, parte de Kayamas entsa, Ancuash 1058 (F, MO, USM), 1253 (MO, USM), Kujikat 52 (MO, USM); between Cenepa and Kayamas, Berlin 515 (F, MO, USM); trail above Quebrada Cikan- icito Shimpuntz, of Huampami, Berlin 023 (MO, USM); S of Aintami Creek, E of Rio Cenepa, Berlin 1583 (F, MO, USM); S of Huampami, trail to house of Theodora, S of Rio Cenepa, Berlin 1067 (F, MO, USM); Mobil Oil Co. trail, 2-3 km from La Poza, E bank of Santiago River, Berlin 3507 (MO, USM), Leveau 94 (MO); next to Rio Cenepa above mouth of Quebrada Huampami, Kayap 44 (F, MO); frente a la comunidad de Galilea, banda este del rio Santiago, Huashikat 04 (F, MO), Leveau 220 (MO); camino de Jutui entsa, Kayap 1370 (F, MO, f!SM); atras de la casa de Jaime Braga, banda este, rio Santiago, Leveau 07 (MO). Psychotria ownbeyi Standley ex C. M. Taylor, sp. nov. TYPE: Ecuador. Napo; Canton Ar- chidona, S slopes of Volcan Sumaco, 4 km N of Huahua Sumaco community near Rio Hua- taraco, 00°43'S, 77°32'W, 13 Dec. 1989, D. Neill, A. Alvarado & F. Hurtado 9164 (ho- lotype, MO; isotype, QCNE not seen). Figure 2C, D. Psychotriae eenepensi C. M. Taylor similis, a qua foliorum minorum apicibus brevioribus, stipulis glandulari- fimbriati setiam inflorescentia vagina stipulari aphylla non subtenta differt. Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Taylor Psychotria subg. Heteropsychotria 177 5 cm Figure 2. A, B, Psychotria cenepensis C. M. Taylor. —A. Habit of fruiting plant; based on Berlin 1583 (MO). — B. Stipule; based on Ancuash 1058 (MO). C, D, Psychotria ownbeyi Standley ex C. M. Taylor; based on Flynn et al. 4016 (MO). —C. Habit of fruiting plant. —D. Stipule. A, C to 5-cm scale; B, D to 5-mm scale. Shrubs or small trees to 5 m tall, stems puberulous to pilosulous. Leaves paired, with blades 3.5-11 cm long, 1.3-3.6 cm wide, 2.1-4 times as long as wide, narrowly elliptic to elliptic or elliptic-oblong, at apex acute or sometimes acuminate with the tip ca. 5 mm long, at base acute to cuneate, chartaceous, glabrescent or frequently pilosulous abaxially and the costa and secondary veins usually pilosulous at least abaxially; secondary veins 10-23 pairs, spreading, broadly curved, extending to and uniting with the cartilaginous margin, without foveolae, the costa prominulous abaxially and sometimes also adaxially, the secondary veins smooth or occasion¬ ally thickened abaxially, with 3-7 intersecondary veins present between pairs of secondary veins, with 1 -3 of these well developed and resembling sec¬ ondary veins but not extending to margin; petioles 2-9 mm long, pilosulous; stipules puberulous to pi¬ losulous, united around the stem into a continuous sheath 1-3 mm long and ciliolate and frequently slightly to densely fimbriate, with lobes 2, 1-2 mm long, narrowly triangular to linear, usually bifurcate to multifid for ca. half their length, sparsely to dense¬ ly fimbriate, with fimbriae 0.5-23 mm long, usually glandular at apex. Inflorescences terminal, densely congested, ovoid to narrowly cylindrical, solitary, 9-15 mm long, 8-10 mm diam., 1.1-1.5 times as long as wide, with ca. 3-5 flowers, with stout pe¬ duncles 1 -4 mm long, the subtending stipular sheath usually relatively longer than the vegetative ones though bearing leaf blades generally similar in size to those of vegetative nodes; bracts 6-10, charta¬ ceous, pilosulous, pale green to white, cream, or pale yellow, 6.5-12 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, lan¬ ceolate to somewhat pandurate, acute at apex, cil- iate; flowers with calyx puberulous to pilosulous, the limb 5-6 mm long, divided for ca. half its length, the lobes very narrowly triangular, acute, ciliolate; corollas white to cream, funnelform, glabrous, the tube 6-10 mm long, the lobes 1.2-2 mm long, triangular, entire or sometimes with an apical knobbed appendage ca. 0.5 mm long. Infructescences similar to inflorescences; fruit 3-5 mm long, 4.5-6 mm wide, ellipsoid to ovoid, flattened laterally, red-or¬ ange becoming black; pyrenes smooth. Collected in flower September to January, in fruit March, May, June, October, and December. Habitat and distribution. Locally frequent at 400-1,400 m in wet primary forest of the western Amazon basin from Ecuador and adjacent Colombia to northern Peru. This new species is distinguished by its leaves with secondary veins that extend to and unite with the cartilaginous margin, small stipules with glan- dular-fimbriate and frequently bifurcate lobes, rel¬ atively long calyx limb, smooth pyrenes, and pu¬ berulous to pilosulous pubescence on all parts. It is similar to Psychotria cenepensis; their distinctions are summarized under that species, above. Flowering branches bear generally smaller leaves with fewer secondary veins and less densely fimbriate stipular lobes than non-flowering branches. Standley (in herb.) proposed the specific epithet 178 Novon in honor of Marion Ownbey, who collected some of the first material of this species. However, he never published this name. Paratypes. COLOMBIA. Putumayo: margenes del rio Guames 4 km al S de Sari Antonio del Guames, Foster 1345(F). ECUADOR. Morona-Santiago: Rio Encanto near junction with the Rio Pastaza, Steere & Camp 8237 (F). Napo: Canton Tena, Estacion Biologica Jatun Sacha, ca. 8 krn ESE of Puerto Misahualli, 1°04'S, 77°37'W, Ceron 6 22 (MO), Ceron A Igaugo 5542 (MO), Ceron & Montesdeoca 8010 (MO), Flynn et al. 401b (F, MO, QCNE), Miller et al. 2242 (MO), Palacios & Neill 916 (MO, QCNE), Palacios .L278(MO), Stein ik Snare: 3040 (MO); Rio Napo, 2 km rio abajo de Campana Cocha, boca del Rio Huambuno, 1°01'S, 77°30'W, Neill & Maries 6999 (MO, QCNE); Canton Archidona, faldas al sur del Volcan Sumaco, comuna Huahua Sumaco, Km 50 de la carretera Hollin-Loreto, 0°43’S, 77°34'W, Hurtado et al. 2100 (MO, QCNE), Km 45, 0°44'S, 77°35'W, Hur¬ tado et al. 2779 (MO, QCNE); ridge NW of crossing of Rio Shitiyacu on trail from Archidona to headwaters of Rio Tena, Oumbey 2727 (F, MO); via Hollin-Loreto, a 3 km despues del rio Hollin, 00°52'S, 77°43'W, Palacios 3849 (MO, QCNE); Canton El Chaco, Rio Granadillo, campamento de INECEL “Codo Alto,” 00°08'S, 77°28'W, Palacios 5551 (MO, QCNE). Pastaza: Canton Pastaza, pozo petrolero “Moretecocha” de Arco, 75 km al este de Puyo, 1°34'S, 77°25'W, Gudino et al. 989 (MO), 1153 (MO); Mera, Harling et al. 10132 (MO). Za¬ mora—Chinchipe: Canton Nangaritza, Rio Nangaritza, Miazi, 4°18'S, 78°40'W, Neill 9641 (MO, QCNE). PERU. Cuzco: Prov. Quizpichanchi, Camanti, Miniri, en el cerro Caminti, 13°17'S, 70°48'W, Timand 1070 ( CUZ, MO). Acknowledgments. I thank the Field Museum of Natural History for making specimens available, Roy E. Gereau for help preparing the Latin diag¬ noses, and two anonymous reviewers for helpful suggestions. Literature Cited Brako, L. & J. L. Zaruccchi. 1993. Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru. Mon- ogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Card. 45. Steyermark, J. A. 1972. Psychotria. In: B. Maguire & Collaborators, Flora of the Guayana Highlands. Mem. New York Bot. Card. 23: 406-717. -. 1974. Rubiaceae: Psychotria. In: T. Lasser (editor), Flora de Venezuela 9(3): 1111 1683. In¬ stitute Botanico, Direccion de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Ministerio de Agricultura y Cria. Ca¬ racas, Venezuela. Taylor, C. M. & D. Lorence. 1992. Notes on Psycho¬ tria subgenus Heteropsychotria (Rubiaceae: Psy- chotrieae) in Mexico and northern Central America. Novon 2: 259 266. -. B. E. Hammel & W. Burger. 1991. New species, combinations, and records in Rubiaceae from the La Selva Biological Station, Costa Rica. Selbyana 12: 134-140. A New Species of Bouvardia (Rubiaceae) from Mexico, and Transfer of Hedyotis xestosperma to Bouvardia Edward E. Terrell Department of Botany, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, U.S.A. Stephen I). Koch Centro de Botanica, Colegio de Postgraduados, 56230 Chapingo, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico Abstract. Bouvardia rzedowskii, a new species from Oaxaca and Guerrero, Mexico, is described. We also note the rediscovery of the rare Oaxacan endemic Hedyotis xestosperma and transfer it to Bouvardia. Among specimens lent several years ago to Terrell from Mexican herbaria were two collections by Jerzy Rzedowski and one by David Lorence of an unknown Bouvardia from a locality in northwestern Oaxaca. The collections had been identified as Oldenlandia xestosperma Robinson & Greenman or Houstonia xestosperma (Robinson & Greenman) Terrell, a rare Oaxacan endemic that is similar to the unknown Bouvardia. During a 1987 trip to study Houstonia and re¬ lated genera we collected the Bouvardia at its only then-known locality in Oaxaca, and one of us (Koch) also rediscovered Hedyotis xestosperma , previously known only from four old collections. Here we de¬ scribe the unknown Bouvardia and transfer Hed¬ yotis xestosperma to Bouvardia. Bouvardia rzedowskii Terrell & S. D. Koch, sp. nov. TYPE: Mexico. Oaxaca: Ladera caliza con vegetacion de encinar, alt. 2,300 m, 6 km al SW de Tamazulapan, sobre la carretera a Chi- lapa, 12 Aug. 1977, J. Rzedowski 35142 (holotype, ENCB; isotypes, ARIZ, ASU, MICH, XAL). Figure 1. Herba perennis rhizomata; folia opposita linearia; in- florescentia parva, cymis paucifloris; corolla 6-12 mm longa, late tubiformis, rubra vel scarlatina, cum vel sine lineas luteas vel aurantiacas vittata, tubo 5-11 mm longo; semina 1.2-1.6 mm diametro, complanata, suborbicular- ia, anguste alata. Perennial herbs with a semiwoody oblique or hor¬ izontal rhizome to 5 mm thick. Stems 15-50 cm tall, slender, erect, terete, internodes densely and minutely puberulent, simple or sparsely branched. Leaves 2-8 cm long, 0.5 2 mm wide, opposite, sessile, linear, thickish, glabrous, apices sharply acute. Stipules 1-6 mm long, greenish, narrowly lanceolate to subtriangular, puberulent or glabrous, apices acute, acuminate, caudate, bifid, or toothed, sometimes with colleters. Inflorescence of heterostylous flowers in small few-flowered terminal cymes, pedicels 0.5- 5 mm long, erect, slender, puberulent. Calyces 4- 6 -lobed; lobes 0.5-3 mm long, 0.3-0.5 mm wide, subtriangular to narrowly lanceolate, acute, gla- brate, puberulent or pubescent. Corollas 4-5-lobed, 6-12 mm long, broadly funnelform, red or scarlet externally with or without broad longitudinal yellow or orange bands, yellow or orange within, glabrous externally; tubes 5-11 mm long, 3-6 times longer than the lobes, 1-3 mm wide at base, 2.5-7 mm wide at throat, basal Z 4 -'/ 2 of tube densely pubescent within with hairs to 0.8 mm long, median and distal parts of the tube glabrous within; lobes 1-5 mm long, 1-4 mm wide, broadly ovate or subtriangular, obtuse, somewhat incurved, connivent, not spread¬ ing or reflexed, glabrous within. Anthers 4-5, 1-3 mm long, 0.3-0.4 mm wide, linear, sessile or on filaments to 0.5 mm long. Stigmas with 2 linear lobes 1.5-2.5 mm long. Pin flowers with stigmas located in distal part of corolla tube or slightly ex- serted; anthers included, located at ! 4~!4 of the dis¬ tance from the corolla tube base. Thrum flowers with anthers included, located at of the distance from the corolla tube base; stigmas included, located at V 3 —Vi °f the distance from the corolla tube base. Capsules 3-5 mm long, 3.5-4.5 mm wide, subgl- obose, % to almost fully inferior, thick-walled, gla¬ brous. Seeds 1 . 2 - 1.6 mm diam., black or brown, strongly compressed, flat or concavo-convex, su- borbicular in outline, ventral face with thickened hilar area near center of seed, hilum punctiform, wing 0.1-0.35 mm wide, brown, papery, fragile, surrounding all or most of seed, testa finely retic¬ ulate, with minute radial striae from the hilum. Chro¬ mosome number unknown. Distribution. Bouvardia rzedowskii occurs in northwestern Oaxaca and adjacent western Guer¬ rero at 2,000-2,400 m. The habitat at the type Novon 4: 179-182. 1994. 180 Novon Figure 1. Isotype (XAL) of Bouvardia rzedowskii Terrell & S. D. Koch, with one inflorescence enlarged. FRIC 1 Volume 4, Number 2 1994 Terrell & Koch Bouvardia 181 locality is gladelike, with open places interspersed with shrubby oaks in well-drained soil over limestone. The new species resembles B. rosea Schlechten- dahl and B. tenuifolia Standley in being an her¬ baceous perennial with linear leaves. Unlike these species, B. rzedowskii has opposite rather than 3- 6-nate leaves, the latter an important characteristic of subgenus Bouvardia in Blackwell's (1968) key to subgenera. Bouvardia tenuifolia has externally pubescent corollas that are tubular, red, and 8.5- 31 mm long. The species occurs in Jalisco, Sinaloa, and Durango. Bouvardia rosea has externally gla¬ brous corollas that are salverform, rose, violet-blue, or pink, and 7.5-25 mm long. This species is known from San Luis Potosi, Guanajuato, Queretaro, and Hidalgo. Bouvardia rzedowskii has externally gla¬ brous corollas that are 5-12 mm long, broadly tu¬ bular, and red or scarlet with or without yellow or orange longitudinal bands. The flowers are conspic¬ uous and attractive. With respect to its placement in Bouvardia or Hedyotis , B. rzedowskii has such bouvardioid char¬ acteristics as flat, winged seeds, terminal few-flow¬ ered cymes, and rather thick-walled capsules that are larger than the usual Hedyotis capsules. It also has greenish, narrow, herbaceous stipules in contrast to the usual whitish scarious stipules occurring in Hedyotis. Paratypes. MEXICO. Oaxaca: type locality, 3 July 1977, Rzedowski .34854 (ENCB); Distr.