JANUARY, 1902. Fn silusteated apontbly Journal, DEVOLEDA:LO ORCHIDOLOGY. Contents. PAGE 2 a oe of Orchids 20 aa 2 Notice of Book... “Ore : optus Fred Har ndrobium setae (hig -, pial ees ‘ yeast this Priory. Us Paphiopedilum x speech (Fig. ayes ras gator as winter - Beate pla ne Phiaus apie ae os | Pruning Orchids “Cattle eya X ‘Vicero a 3 30 | SOCIEHES,... - Lelio-cattleya x SEEN ee aa ne ches ter and North af En : aphiopedilum x Helen... ---. 30_ sett ee. io-cattleya x < Woglen ee uaa ne Our R adel’s Law : ee i PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. nage FREE oe PER ANNUM PavaBLe IN Avance. NOTICES. esc The ORCHID EVEW is published regularly at the beginning of me AEE Epica 6d. net. Annual Subscription, post free, 7/-5 sone in advan . The Editor invites communications on interesting su jects (which should be ee _ written on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of rarities. All Subscriptions, Advertisements, Communications and Books for review, should ‘be addressed : ns EpITOR oF THE ORCHID Review, Lawn Crescent, Kew Cheques and Postal Orders should be made payable to Frank Lesiiz & Co, and, to ensure safety in faite should be crossed ‘* & Co. : Volumes I. to VIII. can’ be supplied unbound at 6/9: or bound in cloth, 83, post free. Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post fr : SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. socd. 2 6a, are nee and under in column... O 2 6 Half column or Sih cads ave O°: ASS er line ig ae ¥ was OO. 6 One column or half p 1. 22 basstgh h eolu ~ O 4 O11} VWYhole pag ee 2 0.0 Quarter Soe aan or sighth page aa oO 3 Advertisements and late news should be received not inter than the 24th of the h Booksellers’ Vi Wholesale Orders Rast be sent to “MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick Housr, PaTERNOSTER Row, LONDON, E.c, pre) She © UO) @ te = q — OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS, CULTIVATED > UNDER GLASS IN oe BRITAIN. (Uustrated with Maps and numerous Engrav f all the most Eee species and varieties in ae ice their Origin, Botanical History, Date of iniemastion. together with Cultural Notes, &c. et has been compiled t supply amateurs anc sufavators of exotic Orchids with a fuller account of the su Pek ake en issued in parts, t cont k “te aoa potat: yen < eed ao ag 2 ees of the caltivated™ species and varieties of one ; Part I. —OPONTOGLOSSUM. Price, 7s. 6d.; by post, 7s. 9d. Part IT.— CA’ : TTLEYA and LAGSLIA. Price, 10s. 6d.; by post, 10s. 9d. — fe pe Part IV.—CYPRIPEDIUM. Price 10s. 6d.; by post, 10s. 9d. _ Part V.—MASDEVALLIA and allied genera. Price, 7s. 6d.; by post, 7s. 9a. Part Vi—C@LOGYNE, EPIDENDRUM, &c. Price, 10s. 6d. ; by post, 10s. 9d. Part VII.— PSIS, AHRIDES, VANDA, &c. Price, 10s. 6d.; by Part BS ga cat tec en and MILTONIA Price, 10s. 6d.; b i . : : y post, ere 9d Part IX. - eee es Vs Meadha sae cteae LYCASTSH,. &e. Price, Part X.—GENERAL REVIEW of the OR BE d.; : | soniye Cry e CHIDEA. Price, 10s. 64.; i oy Or in Two as ca neatly bound in Cloth for 25 $s. 2 limited number of large paper copies (glo), at proportionatel i ly higher prices, forming a “ parery ¢ edition, printed by pecial request, can be supplied. are from his — ne) fe AMES VEITCH & SONS, LTD., Royal Erotic Rursev 1 544. KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA; S.W. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA EMPRESS AUGUSTA VICTORIA. See page 357. LAE ORCHID REVIEW An Zilustrated Wlonthly Journal DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY & @ @ VOLUME X 1902 & @ @ @ Dondon : MARSHALL BROTHERS, KESWICK HOUSE, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. [The right of reproduction is reserved.] © 6 ' x 4 Lia ,io Ue. LA AO igos “In these fayre offspringes of Nature there is a charm removed from their beautie, the which appealeth to the harte, and many find in them the emblems of some excellent qualitie or tender feelinge.” il « 4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Worcs JANUARY, 1902. * [No. 109. DIES ORCHIDIANI. My comments on the Report of the Commission appointed to examine the system of growing Orchids in leaf-mould had to be deferred on account of want of space (see page 324 of the previous volume), and the succeeding number seems to have been handed over to the Index makers, who not only monopolized the customary eight pages, but required two additional ones to complete their work, and of course something had to be squeezed out. But the space could not have been put to a better purpose, and it is difficult to see how one could find the different items of information with- out such a useful guide. I think someone has said that a work of reference without an index is an abomination. Now to the Report of that Commission. It is most interesting to have such full details of the new treatment, but the question as to whether we may adopt it with confidence is hardly settled. The Commission speaks of marvellous results; nevertheless it advises caution, and suggests that amateurs should experiment on a small scale before adopting the treatment generally. The members would like to renew the visit when the plants are in full growth, so as to be able to form a better judgment. I would suggest that they should visit M. Delanghe’s establishment, where the treatment has been practised longer—indeed it was the marvellous results obtained by the latter that induced Messrs. Duval to adopt the system. And we read that Messrs. Duval had obtained from M. Delanghe, for the special edification of the Commission, a clump of Cattleya Mossize which was potted in this compost five years ago, and had not since been touched—until ‘‘ we broke the pot, and were astonished to find that the compost was quite fresh, and in sufficiently good condition to be used to-day.” And if the examination of a single plant was so astonishing, what might not the examination of a whole collection have been? The plant was presumably healthy, and five years should suffice to show whether the treatment was beneficial or the reverse. It is certainly a little discon- certing to be told that “it is not necessary to water the plants ’’—as if they were succulents indeed !—but if “a light syringing of each pot” maintains 2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. the necessary degree of humidity, who shall gainsay it? It matters not how the water is given, so long as it is sufficient and applied in the right place. I hope the Commission will follow the matter up, for it can hardly be left where it is now. “An old grower” isin no such hesitating frame of mind. He says culture in leaf-mould is no new idea, but was tried long ago and proved a failure. There is nothing equal to good fibrous peat and sphagnum moss, with plenty of drainage to take off superfluous water. ‘“‘It is’nt natural, this new-fangled treatment.” This is the substance of his remarks, and we may give the question a moment’s consideration. It seems to bea case of leaf-mould versus peat and sphagnum, and I wonder which is the more ‘‘natural.’’ Most growers swear by sphagnum for surfacing, and often mix it with the compost, but most of the plants never saw a piece of sphagnum in a wild state. It is a bog moss, and is not found on the trees where the Orchids grow. Other mosses and lichens may be there in plenty —I have often seen them attached to the roots of imported plants—but who advocates using them as potting materials? And it is a question whether many of the plants grow in fibrous peat, using the term in its true sense. Many of them grow in accumulations of decaying vegetation— leaves, twigs, &c.—otherwise humus, and the new compost is nothing else, so that I fail to see what there is “‘ unnatural’? about it. Sphagnum is not used because it is natural for the plants to grow in it, but because it is a splendid moisture-retaining material, and most Orchids are essentially moisture-loving plants, and so they thrive in sphagnum. The evidence seems to be that some of them thrive in leaf-mould, too, so let us give the new treatment a fair trial. A few weeks ago I read an article on “ Empiricism vy. Natural Con- ditions” (Trinidad Bulletin, 1901, p. 310), which is interesting and instruc- tive in this connection. After a preliminary discussion, the author remarks. that the essence of empiricism seems to be an idea that no knowledge of the conditions that exist naturally in the habitat of a plant is of the same value, from a cultivator’s point of view, as that obtained by actually attempting to grow the plant under the various conditions existing in modern horticultural structures ; and he then proceeds :—“ It is quite true that plants often appear to exist under quite different conditions to those generally known, or conceived of, in their natural habitat; but an examina- tion in full, and an accurate knowledge of each of these conditions, generally proves that the essential points required by the plant are really there, or they will not thrive. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3 ‘‘A writer once illustrated his argument by relating that many an Orchid, quite at home on the branch of a tree in its native home, will not thrive in cultivation unless placed in peat and moss and in a basket or pan. Why it was so he did not state, but merely gave the empirical, ‘ it won't do.’ Why does he not tell us the reason? If he had thought the matter out he would have found that the arid atmosphere of his glass- house was such that it was impossible for the roots to exist, if exposed, and unless covered with the peat and moss, which affords them the best imita- tion possible of the condition of the air in their natural habitat. An essential condition, therefore, unobserved by the operator, was present in both places. “The pretty Lelia monophylla found in Jamaica has, it may be said, a climate of its own, for it is only found in situations identical as regards elevation, temperature, and moisture, and with the greatest similarity between the humidity of the places. This plant is often described as succeeding well in the Odontoglossum house, but that is exactly the temperature and condition which prevails in its natural habitat. The little Epidendrum serrulatum grows in coffee trees at 5,000 feet in Jamaica, and is seldom found below that elevation, while in other islands, possessing a greater humidity, it is found at sea level—difference of temperature 17 per cent. to 25 per cent. Fahr.—difference in humidity mil. The inference is clear, but nevertheless it would not do to overlook the fact that with the absence of sunlight experienced in temperate climates plants require to have different treatment ; but this is only an artificial condition, and does not in any way affect the main argument. ‘“ Take Broughtonia sanguinea, again, which grows and thrives well at sea level, on bare trunks well exposed, in Jamaica. In Trinidad this plant utterly refuses to thrive unless kept in a position the driest attainable, and even it grows small by degrees and beautifully less, although the temperature and position are again almost the same, but humidity differing.” The inference which the writer draws is that humidity seems to be more important than temperature, and that soil is not so impor- tant as sometimes supposed; and he sums up the argument by saying :—‘‘A knowledge of the outside influences would give the cultivator a much clearer hint, and put him in a more direct road, than the innumerable trials he will otherwise have to make where empirical methods alone are employed.”’ Could we have a more rational argument in favour of rational treatment ? ARGUS. 4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ORCHIDS AT THE PRIORY, USK. Tue fine old Priory at Usk is snugly situated within its pretty grounds, and its position is such that it commands a splendid view for miles of the beautiful scenery of Monmouthshire. But the object of our visit was the Orchids, to which we quickly turned. To our intense pleasure we found a small but exceptionally well-cultivated collection, and could not but congratulate Mr. R. W. Rickards on his most successful methods. A grand batch of Cattleya labiata was in full bloom, making a noble display. The plants are shown in the same house as grown, which serves as admirably for the former as it undoubtedly does for the latter. It is somewhat of a corridor-shaped structure, the dimensions of which are 30 feet long by 7 feet wide, and 6 feet high at the eaves, the high sides being of glass for the greater part of their depth. Such a house, as may be imagined, forms an ideal one, getting an abundance of light and perfect air circulation. The Cattleyas, Oncidiums, and Cypripediums grown in this department are really remarkable for their vigorous growth and firm- ness of texture. The spikes and flowers, as might be expected from such perfectly-matured pseudobulbs, are of the highest standard, both in numbers and in quality. Some beautiful varieties of Cattleya labiata were noted, as also C. Harrisoniana and C. Loddigesii, Lelia autumnalis atrorubens, Oncidium crispum, O. tigrinum, and O. x Mantinii, Cypripedium X Arthurianum, C. + VANILLA GIULIANETTII.—This new species of Vanilla—a native of New Guinea—is described by Mr. F. M. Bailey in the Queensland Agricultural Journal for October, 1900 (vii., p. 350). The specimens, which are marked as ‘indigenous Vanilla,” are said to consist of stem, leaves, and fruits pre- served in spirit, and, although flowers are not yet known, the plant has been. identified as a species of Vanilla allied to the Javan V. albida, Blume. The fruits are described as eight inches long by ten lines broad. It is named after its discoverer, Mr. A. Giulianetti, Government Naturalist of New Guinea. The genus was not previously known from further east than Borneo and the Philippines. 62 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ODONTOGLOSSUM x WATTIANUM HARDYANUM. Tuts remarkable variety was exhibited by Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Staines, at a meeting of the R.H.S. on January 14th, under the name of Odontoglossum X Wattianum Hardy’s var., and received a First-class Certificate. It bore an inflorescence of 26 flowers, ten being on two short lateral branchlets. It was purchased at the Owen Sale in April, 1895, and, curiously enough, has not previously bloomed in the collection. It is one of the original plants, and was exhibited by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. at the Temple Show, in 1893, when it received an Award of Merit. It is remark- ably different from the original form, having much broader sepals and petals, with much darker, heavier blotching. The sepals measure 14 inches long by 8 lines broad, and bear two very large, blackish brown blotches, with a few smaller ones. The petals are rather smaller and less heavily marked, and the stalk of the lip is shorter and broader, the limb three-quarters of an inch broad, and bearing one very large blotch and a few smaller ones, and the crest consisting of a pair of tall toothed keels with a few smaller ones on either side. The characters of O. Lindleyanum, though less pronounced than in the original form, are very marked in the crest and column. The history of the hybrid has already been given (viii. p. 299), when it was also pointed out that the two parent species grow together in the neighbourhood of Yaramal, and that the hybrid had been artificially raised by Mr. Crawshay. ee a . Av ROLFE: NOTES. Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during February, on the 11th and 27th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. Meetings of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on February 6th and 2oth. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from I to 3 p.m. A flower of Paphiopedilum xX Allanianum is sent from the collection of E. J. Lovell, Esq., to illustrate the lasting properties of the hybrids of P. Curtisii, having been out for about fifteen weeks. It is from a very vigorous plant, one of the spikes having two flowers. Cattleya Loddigesii is really a grand thing when seen several plants flowering together at mid-winter, the delicate colour being so pleasing and beautiful as to be admired by every one.—A.L.]. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63. Odontoglossum X Andersonianum Jupiter, of which a flower has been sent from the collection of De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks, is a very fine form, having broad sepals and petals, very slightly flushed with pink, with a few largish red-brown, som@what confluent blotches about the centre, and a line at the base of each petal. Odontoglossum Pescatorei rosefieldense, from the same collection, hasa number of purple spots on the sepals and petals. The plant, which bore a branching raceme of thirty-six flowers, received a Cultural Commendation > from the R. H. S. on January 28th. A handsome form of the natural hybrid Odontoglossum X loochristiense is sent from the collection of A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden. The ground colour is light yellow, and all the segments are beautifully spotted, while both the lip and column wings show the influence of O. crispum very strongly. A correspondent writes that our note on Mendel’s paper, though good and cautious, was not very clear, but the said paper wants reading, not twice, but four times before one really gets to the bottom of it. Alas, this explains much. Cattleya labiata Amesiana is a very pretty light variety sent by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield. The flower is nearly white, with a slaty lilac tinge on the front of the lip. The plant is said to have appeared in a recent importation from Pernambuco. In the variety delicata (Orch. Rev., ii., p. 358) the front of the lip is somewhat reticulated with a similar colour. ORCHID PORTRAITS. ANGR&CUM EICHLERIANUM, Krianzl.—Bot. Mag., t. 7813. ANGRECUM SESQUIPEDALE.—Gard. World, xviii., p. 321, with fig. CALANTHE X MYLEsiI, Will.—Lindenta, t. 759. CATTLEYA X Maronu.—Amer. Gard., xxii., p. 879, fig. 180. CATTLEYA X MOLLIS VAR. Lois.—Gard. Mag., 1902, pp. 22, 23, with fig. Ca@:LOGYNE SANDERIANA.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 75, with fig. CYMBIDIUM TIGRINUM, Parish.—Lindenia, t. 760. CyYPRIPEDIUM CHAMBERLAINIANUM.—Gard. World, xviii., p. 312, with fig. CypRIPEDIUM X GLOVERIANUM.—Lindenta, t. 753- CYPRIPEDIUM SPICERIANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 27, with fig. DENDROBIUM Lowu.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., pp. 4, 5, with fig. 64 THE ORCHID REVIEW. EPIDENDRUM LINDLEYANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., pp. 52, 53, with fig. L&LIA X EXONIENSIS.—A mer. Gard., sii: ¢ p. 861, fig. 176. L&LIA X OMEN.—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 9, with fig. L#&LIO-CATTLEYA X ALESCHIANA.—Lindenta, t. 754. LycastE Deppet, Lindl., vAaR. PUNCTATISSIMA.—Lindenta, t. 755. ODONTOGLosSUM CRISPUM, Lindl., var. LA VEINE.—Lindenta, t. 758. PHALENOPSIS SCHILLERIANA.—Gard. World, xviii., p. 337, with fig. SARCOCHILUS UNGUICULATUS, Lind].—Lindenia, t. 756. SCHOMBURGKIA THOMSONIANA, Rchb. vAR. MINoR.—Bot. Mag., t. 7815- VANDA TERES, Lindl., VAR. CANDIDA.—Lindenta, t. 757. CORRESPONDENCE, &c, (Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in SOME cases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over fora future issue. In the case of hy brid sales sent for name, the parentage and history s ould cbs be briefly stated, for without these details w are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily) W. F. O. 1, Paphiopedilum x nitens,a hybrid from P. villosum and P. insigne. 2, we do not recognise, but it looks like a hybrid from P. Curtisii. Do you not know either name or cpiaw a ? W. M. A. Odontoglossum tripudians, Rchb. f. 7 W. P. Stanhopea platyceras, Rchb. f. F. P. D. A peloriate state of Cattleya Triane, having a petal-like lip. D. B.C. Apparently a form of Oncidium x litum, Rchb. f., a natural hybrid between -O. crispum and O. Forbesii.. The markings all round the lip suggest the latter. : . §. D. Paphiopedilum hybrid not indentified. It has a good deal of P. venustum in it, but the parentage of this group is now so much mixed up that it is difficult to indentify them. We fear its vigorous habit is-its chief recommendation J. H. Please send a flower when it blooms again. Subscriber should have enclosed his name with his communication, not of course for publication. A good strong print on smooth paper is all that is necessary. We would rather not _ have the loan of the negative, on account of the risk of breakage in the post. One has recently come to grief in this wa Alpha. We have not the faintest idea who the two eminent orchidists are, but the writer would doubtless be pleased to tell you if you asked him. Photographs; receiv “ae with thanks. A. W.H., H.D. (we should prefer not to have. the negative). ERRATA. Lelio-cattleya x Groganie (p. 30) was Harrisoniana. soars a e < ) derived from Lelia Dayana X Cattleya L. Digbyana ” is a printer’s error which escaped detection in reading the Paphiopedilum x Helen” ts 30) oineoal cre a < tion applies to the “ wre pedium X Helen n p- 13, second paragraph, for “ Orchid Chumidess read ‘ Scientific Committee,” and the forrania. a few Saar lower should read “A + 2Aa + a peal and the same correc- MURRAY’S PATENT ORCHID STAND. destructive the fungoid growth arising from stagnant air. Effectually prevents Facilitates the easy distribution of water and air around the plants. Isolates each plant and renders it less liable to be attacked by insect pests. Is the first clean, effectual, and practically indestructible article ever offered for the purpose cf the necessary raising of the plants above the staging to ensure a free circulation of air. Invented and patented by William Murray, Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam. Price List containing full information rom The United Wire Works, Dtd., TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS A. - KEELING, Orchid Grower Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks, For all the Choicest and most Popular Varieties. w & Rare tl sesso & Dendrobiums my speciality. Please write for G General Catalogue, “post free on application, — missions undertaken for the Valuation and Sale a Purctane of Orchids, both c ay ctions, and rare and choi Varieties. H. A. BURBERRY’S system of personally Giving Ad- vice and Demonstrating Methods of Orchid Cultivation insures suc- cess and satisfaction. One gentleman says: ‘‘I consider your visit has been worth £100 to me.”’ All desirous of having the benefit of his long experience in matters affecting the welfare of their Orchids, when small fee. the vicinity, at H. A. B. attends Orchid Sales, and will be pleased to receive com- missions to buy for those who cannot attend. ADDRESS: Ethel House, King’s Heath, BIRMINGHAM. SAN DER’S QRGHID GUIDE ONTAI ALL THE ae Endive N SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION. Their native countries, ne ae of the plants and wers, season of flowering, best ethod of cultiva- tion, temperatures, wateeting, potting, ventilation, &e. Concise, reliable, instructive & useful, together with NAMES and PARENTAGES of all the KNOWN HYBRID ORCHIDS, ober in tabular, alphabetical form so that a Hybrids ne Si each species or hybrid may Re ascertained a es 330 1 Eden strongly bound. Indispensable be to Amateur & Expert. Price 10s. 6d a. SANDER oe Cs. ST. ALBANS. STANLEY, ASHTON & Co.., SOUTHGATE, LONDON. N., Ss be importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces. and guarantee all their plants. All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write; they are promised fullest satisfaction in advance. ORCHIDS. THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S WE are continually receiving large im- GUIDE BOOK, portations of Brazilian and other Orchids, H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.H.S. and will be pleased to quote prices for large | An excellent practical treatise on Orchid Culture, or small quantities. with four coloured plates, containing 40 species, Sphagnum Moss, best quality, at 5/- per Sack and numerous photo-illustrations. H OO L. EY B ROS “ Third Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free sFmporters and Growers, —— BITTERNE PARK, SCUTHAMPTON, “ORCHID REVIEW” OFFICE. Orchids! Orchids! 9999999 90900050600000000000060006) JOHN COWAN & CO. HAVE AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ORCHIDS CONSISTING OF Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS, in great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing of Private Collections and otherwise. They earnestly invite the inspection of intending purchasers. Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts. The of the world, all of which they Offer for Sale by Private Treaty as they come to hand, at very reasonable Prices. Descriptive and Priced Cataiogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of each importation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company. Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool. FUST PUBLISHED. The Woodlands Orchids DESCRIBED AND ILLUSTRATED. WITH STORIES OF ORCHID COLLECTING. Bot ROULMICHN (DOYTEs. Coloured Plates by J. L. MACFARLANE, F.R.H.S, 4t0, Gilt Edges, 24s. net. Daily Telegraph—*“ A pleasant book on an altogether delightful subject. Just sucha volume as the admirer of a wonderful order of plants may dip ‘into from time to time w ith ¢ MACMILLAN & to. Limited, LONDON. ZING and COPPER PLATES, $n Dine and thalf=Tone ; for all Artistic and oy, FOR CATALOGUES . . BOOKS, SOUVENIRS - Mercantile Purposes, e Engravers of the Illustrations in the “Orchid Review.” FP, IRELAND, MANAGER, WALTERS & CO’S LATH ROLLER BLINDS, As used at Sandringham and Kew, Are indispensable for the successful culture of Orchids. WRITE FOR OUR: PRICE LIST. 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SHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY. Please write for List. JAMES CYPHER, EXOTIC NURSERTES, nw *f RECEIVED, A GRAND IMPORTATION OF | C@RUL A, ss VANDA JLEA, | ‘And other EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. PRICES, WITH SAMPLES, ON APPLICATION. J. W. MOORE, LTD, hid Importers, RAWDON, near LEEDS, | | To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales | MANCHESTER & NORTH OF : 10’ clock to 3 o'clock p.m J. WEEKS & CO, ae Horticultural Builders — H.M. Dept., Royal o arks and Public Buiidings. TELEGRAPH, tad deseo hs » LONDON, < Te PHONE, No. 872 ‘ +. eye bak dies, | bt Soe Sem Mee ay Weuh aety Boilers, che I a oO _ a eee | KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA S.w. ENGLAND Orchid Society. HEADQUARTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKE1 PLACE, MANCHESTER. 3 e next MEETING of the COMMITTEE purpose of adjudicating upon the he Orchids ete will be held on February 6th — 20th, me 5 at 12 oclock prompt. embers fro P. ‘WEATHERS 1 Botan ical Garten Manchester ORCHID HOUSES A SPECIALITY. FOR i See Conservatories, a eed alas Ween | Orchid Houses, af | Ferneries, Cucumber and Melton Houses, Vineries, ete. CRISPIN’S, BRISTOL. FOR All Classes of Hot Water Boilers and Heating Apparatus. = Printed by R. W. Simpson & Co., Ltd., R'chmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey. + Subscriptions ‘fot 1902 ‘are now MARCH, 1902, alendar of Operations for March a THE PAGE 5 ee -citrosm Rossii ee ae vedilum > e, oitea e : bis ae aiad ee NOTICES. (0 ie ” The ORCHID REVIEW is s published regularly at the Scannine ‘of each month, Mee ais 6d. net. nual Subscription, post free, 7/-, payable in advance rs — eae Editor Ghvites communications on interesting subjects (which should be ae written on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of rari 1 Subscriptions, Advertisements, ai coin ae and Books for review, should be arene :—The Epiror oF THE ORCHID Review, Lawn Crescent, Cheques and Postal Orders.should be made payable to FRANK LESLIE & Co., and, to enstre safety in transit, should be crossed ‘‘ & Co. Volumes I. to IX. can be supplied unbound at 6/9 or bound in cloth, 8/3, post free. Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free SCALE OF icone FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. s. d, SS Five lines and under in column. we 2 6 Half column or quarter page... O 12 0 Per line after ed 9 Bt @ OBE of One column or half page He eee One-eighth colum 4 O | V7hole page ee 2.0.9 ince uarter column or “Lighth page PoC, eae ar © | Advertisements and late news should be received not later than the 24th of the month. = Booksellers’ Wholesale Orders shuld be sent to MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick Houser, Paternoster Row, Lonpon, E.C. : VEREITCH'S a : MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS, CULTIVATED UNDER GLASS pe precoide BRITAIN. ee 3 (Illustrated with Maps and numerous rus work contains descriptions of all the most important species and oe in n cultivation, their Origins _ Botanical History, aus a iciaaating together with Cultural Notes, & It has been compiled t y rs and cultivators of exoti Orchids i me fuller account of the ” principal genera, species, ate: viiietles eoleiveted under eee n is epukatiied in the Manuals hitherto in use. The rapid extension of Orchid ee during the last quarter of a century, resulting from the increase iation of, this beautiful and ss edveetiine order of plants, has, in our opinion, created the — ply. is t has been issued in parts, each part ape pana a eee of the cultivated species and varieties of one : the most important genera, or ofa group of genera. Part L—ODONTOGLOSSUM. Price, 7s. 6a. by post, 7 Part IL—CATTLEYA and LASLEA. Price, 10s. 6d.; is “ost, 10s. oe, Part I1I.—_DENDROBIUM. Price, 10s. 6d. ; by post, 10s. Part IV.-CYPRIPEDIUM. Price 10s. 6d.; by post, 10s. od. Part V.-MASDEVALLIA and allied genera. Price, 7s. 6d.; by post, 7s. 9d. ‘Part V1.—CC@ELOGYNE, EPIDENDRUM, &c. Price, 10s. 6d. ; by past, 10s. 9d. Part VIL- ‘PHALAINOPSIS, “ABRIDES, VANDA, &c. Price, 10s. 64.; ost, P. ‘VIIL—ONCIDIUM and MILTONIA. Price, 10s. 6d.; by post, 10s. 9d. Part IX.- oO SOT UM, Fe OPETALUM, LYCASTE, &c. Price, 10s. 6d. Part meee REVIEW of the ORCHIDEZ. Price, 10s. 6d; by _ Or in Two Soe neatly hound in Cloth for 25 5s. 4 4 limited number of large paper copies (gio), at proportionately higher prices, formi: d ae library sian La by 7 request, can be supplied direct from this Nu rary only we : JAMES VEITCH & SONS, LTD., ‘®ovat erotic ursery, | 544, KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. THE ORGHID REVIEW. Vow X.] MARCH, 1902. [No. I11. THE GENUS’ BRASSAVOLA. - Brassavoas cannot be called common in gardens, though several of the species are more or less frequently met with, and, as they have been a good deal confused, a short account of those which have appeared in cultivation may be interesting. The genus is nearly allied to Lelia, but marked differences are found in the short column, with fimbriate or denticulate anther-bed, and in the presence of a beak to the ovary, which in a few cases extends to a remarkable length, being much longer than the ovary itself. And it may be added that most of the species also differ in their pendulous habit, and narrow, fleshy leaves. The genus ranges from South Mexico and the West Indies to South Brazil and Bolivia, and contains three marked sections, whose characters are pointed out below. The section CUNEILABIA is characterized by having the lip much ’ attenuated at the base, often being contracted into a long narrow claw, above which it is suddenly dilated into a large ovate limb. Ten species have been described, but these seem to be reducible to three, all of which are known in cultivation. They are more or less pendulous in habit, and have narrow, fleshy, sometimes terete or subterete leaves, and few- to many-flowered racemes of green and white flowers, with narrow sepals and petals and an ample dilated lip. . I. B. Noposa (Lindl. Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 114) was based on the Epidendrum nodosum of Linnzus (Sf. Pl., ed. 1, p. 953), which itself was based on some older descriptions and figures. On looking these up I find that they include two species of Brassavola, while Linnzeus’ var. 8 belongs to Broughtonia sanguinea, and must be excluded. Lindley himself had no ‘specimen at this period, and the figures which he cites belong to two species of Brassavola ; buta note shows that the characters were drawn from Jacquin’s figure of a plant collected in Baru Island, and as Lindley afterwards applied the name to a specimen gathered in Nicaragua, by C. _ Wright, there can be no doubt as to the plant intended. Sloane’s Jamaica _ plant must therefore be excluded = 2 matter of fact, it ne to B. 66 THE ORCHID REVIEW. subulifolia, Lindl.). In 1839, Lindley described a plant which had been collected in Nicaragua, and sent home by the Hon. W. F. Strangeways, as B. grandiflora (Bot. Reg., xxv., Misc., p. 16), but it afterwards proved to be only a fine form of B. nodosa; and a year later he described another form of the same plant, which Messrs. Loddiges had imported from Honduras, as B. venosa (Bot. Reg., xxvi., p. 20, t. 39.). It is a common and widely- diffused species, ranging from South Mexico through Guatemala, British Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and various parts of Columbia, to Guayaquil and Peru, and is also found in Jamaica. The following additional figures may be mentioned:—B. nodosa, Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1465; Bot. Mag., t. 3229. Epidendrum nodosum, L.; Jacg. Sel. Stirp. Amer., p. 226, t.14c. B. venosa, Lindl.; Bot. Mag., t. 4021. B. rhopalorrhachis, Rchb. f. (Bot. Zeit. x., p. 855), described in 1852 from dried specimens collected in Guatemala, by Friedrichsthal, and now cultivated at Glasnevin, seems to be only a form of B. nodosa. j acBy acautas (andl in Past. Fl. Gard., i. p. 152; fig. 200) weg introduced from Guatemala by Mr. Skinner, and flowered in the Horti- cultural Society’s garden in 1851. It isa fine species, about equal to the preceding in size, but is easily distinguished by having the stalk of the lip relatively shorter and fully three times as broad. The species only seems to be known by the original specimen and figure, the latter having been reproduced in the Orchidophile, 1884, pp. 238, 239, with fig. B. lineata (Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 4734) flowered in the Nursery of Messrs. Jackson, of Kingston, in June, 1853, froma plant purchased at one of Warscewicz’s sales in London in the previous year. It is a native of Central America. Shortly afterwards a plant from the same source flowered in the collection of Herr. L. Matthieu, in Berlin, and was described by Klotzsch under the name of B. Mathieuana (Allg. Gartenz, xxi., p. 290.). I do not find any marked character by which to separate this species from B. acaulis, and am inclined to think it a form of the same species. 3. B. SUBULIFOLIA was described by Lindley in 1831 (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 114), from a dried specimen in Lambert’s Herbarium, which had been collected in the island of St. Nevis, W. Indies, by Tobin. Two years later a plant which flowered in the collection of Charles Horsfall, Esq., Mayor of Liverpool, and which had been received from William Parke, Esq., Jamaica, in the previous year, was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 3229), under the name of Brassavola nodosa, Lindl. It is, indeed, Sloane’s Jamaica plant which was included by Lindley under B. nodosa, but not the Colombian plant upon which that species was primarily based, and it appears to be identical with B. subulifolia, Lindl., though I have not seen the original specimen of that. It may be added that Mr. Horsfall’s plant flowered in January, 1832, and that its flowers were observed to be 7 my 9 Ai 2 —-__ THE ORCHID REVIEW. 67 fragrant at night. In 1836, Lindley figured a plant in the Botanical Register, said to have been imported from Brazil by Messrs. Loddiges, under the name of Brassavola cordata ‘t. 1913), and in 1840 it was also figuredinthe Botanical Magazine (t. 3782), with the remark that ‘our plants were received by Mr. Murray from Mr. Thomas Cowan, Overseer on the White Estate, Jamaica—so that the species would appear to have a widely extended range.” The Brazilian habitat, however, has never been confirmed, and there can be little doubt that it is erroneous. There is, indeed, a specimen in Lindley’s Herbarium, with a coloured drawing of the lip, labelled ‘‘ 636* Jamaica, Loddiges,” which itself suggests a doubt as to the record, for although unlabelled, and not the type specimen of B. cordata, it represents the same species. In 1864, Grisebach established a new species under the name of B. Sloanei (FI. Brit. W. Ind., p. 620), under which he included B. subulifolia, Lindl., B. nodosa, Hook. f. Bot. Mag- t. 3229, and Sloane’s original figure (Sloane, Hist. Jamaic. i., p. 251, t. 121, fig. 3), and this he distinguished from B. cordata, Lindl.; but on comparison of all the materials, I think that the distinction cannot be maintained, and Sloane’s original figure, which represents a wild specimen, clearly belongs to B. cordata. The other two seem to be weak cultivated specimens. The species is common in Jamaica, and I have seen no specimens from elsewhere, though the St. Nevis habitat is presumably correct. The flowers are about half as large and twice as numerous as in B. nodosa. 3a. B.srricra (Gard. Chron., 1885, xxiil., pp. 501, 505, fig. 92) isan un- known species. The figure represents a fruit, having a very short beak, and the persistent remains of the sepals and petals, with a very short column. It may belong to a species of this section, if it really belongs to the genus at all. The section SEssILILaBiA is characterized by having the lip sessile and broad from the base. Its shape is either ovate or elliptical, sometimes with a more or less acuminate apex, and the margin may be either entire or fimbriate. In the pendulous habit, narrow fleshy leaves, and narrow sepals and petals, it much resembles the preceding section, but the beak of the ovary is usually longer, and sometimes very long. Besides the following, there are about four others more or less imperfectly known, and not yes introduced to cultivation. 4. B.TuBERcuLaATA (Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 2878) flowered in the collec- tion of Richard Harrison, Esq., of Aigburth, Liverpool, in July, 1828. It had been sent from Botofugo Bay, near Rio de Janeiro, by Mr. Henry Harrison. The plant differs from its allies in having the sepals and petals more or less spotted with purple. The plant figured in the J/lustration Horticole as Brassavola fragrans, Lem. (v., t. 180) has similar markings, and is evidently a form of the same species, and the same may be said of 68 THE ORCHID REVIEW. B. Gibbsiana (Will. Orch. Gr. Man., ed. 6, p. 149). 1t seems to be common in the provinces of Rio de Janeiro, and Santa Catherina, S. Brazil. 5. B. PERRINII was introduced from Rio de Janeiro, and flowered in the collection of Mrs. Arnold Harrison, of Aigburth, near Liverpool, being named after her gardener, Mr. Perrin (Lindl. Bot. Reg., t. 1561). It after- wards flowered at the Glasgow Botanic Garden, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 3761). It is closely allied to the preceding, and is chiefly distinguished by its more slender habit, and in having light green unspotted sepals and petals. The two are, however, very difficult to dis- tinguish in the dried state, and it may be found necessary in future to unite them, together with one or two species described by Rodriguez and not yet introduced to cultivation. The species described by Lemaire as Brassavola fragrans (Jard. Fleur., iii., Misc., pp. 78, 79, 88, with fig.), which was sent from the island of Santa Catherina, by De Vos, seems to be identical. The species occurs in the province of Santa Catherina, and some other Brazilian localities not very clearly indicated, as well as in Paraguay and Bolivia. B. CEBOLETTA was described from the collection of Consul Schiller, of. Hamburg, in 1855 (Rchb. f. in Bonplandia, iii., p. 221). It was said to be. allied to B. Perrinii, but the native country was not stated. Professor Cogniaux, however, identifies with it a plant in De Candolle’s herbarium, which was collected in the province of Bahia, Brazil, by Blanchet. It is still very imperfectly known, and may not be really distinct. 7- B. ReETusA is another imperfectly known species, which was described from a specimen sent to the Gardeners’ Chronicle for a name in March, 1847, and said to be from Maracaybo, in Venezuela (Lindl. Bot. Reg., XXXill., sub. t. 20). The sepals are light green, and the lip is cuneate- obovate, truncate, and white, with a little green at the base. B. MARTIANA was originally described by Lindley, in £836; from dried specimens collected by Martius, on the banks of the Rio Negro, Brazil (Bot. Reg., xxii., sub. t. 1914), but was soon afterwards introduced to cultivation from the River Berbice, in British Guiana, by Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, who flowered it in 1838. It was shortly afterwards figured in the same work (xxv., t. 5). Meantime a species had been described by Lindley, under the name of B. angustata (Bot. Reg., xxiv., Misc., p. 41), which had also been introduced from British Guiana, and flowered in the collection of Mr. Wilmore, of Oldfield, near Birmingham, in April, 1838 ; and although this has long been considered distinct, it appears to be only a form of the same species, which is common and widely diffused in British Guiana, and also found in Surinam, and in the Upper Amazon district of Brazil. It is markedly different from the preceding species in having a fimbriated lip. g. B.cucuLvata isthe original species of the genus, and was described THE ORCHID REVIEW. 69 by Robert Brown in 1813 (Azt. Hort. Kew., ed. 2, v., p. 216). It was based on Epidendrum cucullatum, Sims (Bot. Mag., t. 543), which had been intro- duced from the West Indies by Rear Admiral William Bligh, in 1793, and ‘‘ flowered for the first time in this country in the bark stove of Edward Woodford, Esq., Vauxhall,” in September, 1801. B. cuspidata (Hook. Bot. Mag., t. 3722) was described in 1840, froma plant which flowered in the collection of John Moss, Esq., of Otterspool, Liverpool, and which had been received from Trinidad with various other Orchids. It was said to differ from B. cucullata in having the front lobe of the lip entire, but it has since been reduced to a form of B. cucullata. B. odoratissima was described by Regel in 1852 (Gartenfl., i., p. 325, t. 33), from a specimen which flowered in the Zurich Botanic Garden, and which had been sent trom Colombia by Wagener. The species is fairly common, and ranges from South Mexico and British Honduras, through several of the West Indian islands, to Venezuela. It is remarkable for the long and slender beak to the ovary, which sometimes attains a length of over five inches. The section GRANDIFLOR# is markedly different from the other two in its erect habit, broad flattened leaves, and large flowers, with broad obtuse sepals and petals, and broad ample lip ; on which account its two species were transferred to Lelia by Bentham. But a comparison of its characters shows a far closer agreement with Brassavola, for which reason it must be returned to the genus to which it was originally assigned by Lindley. The remarkable beaked ovary is unknown in Lelia, while the characters of the column, the lacerated anther-bed, and colour of the flowers, are in agree- ment with those of Brassavola, not with Lelia, to which indeed the resem- blance is only superficial. Both the species are natives of Central America, ‘and one of them is remarkable for its deeply fringed lip, and the greatly attenuated beak of the ovary. 10. B. GLAucA was described by Lindley in 1839 (Bot. Reg., xxv., Misc., p. 47) as follows:—‘‘A most curious Orchidaceous plant, obtained near Vera Cruz for the Horticultural Society by Mr. Hartweg. Its habit is so much that of a Cattleya that tillit flowered it was expected to belong to that genus. It however proves to be a Brassavola, with very large flowers.”’ Shortly afterwards it was figured in Bateman’s Orchidacee of Mexico and Guatemala (t. 16), when it was stated that the species was originally found near Xalapa, in Mexico, by Henchman, who sent a single plant to England, and was afterwards imported more abundantly by a Frenchman named Deschamps, who brought over a large quantity of Orchidacee and Cacti for sale. It was also figured in the Botanical Register (xxvi., t. 44), when Lindley added that it had since been received from Guatemala, where Mr. Skinner found it growing on oaks in company with Oncidium maculatum. Bentham transferred it to Lelia, and it has generally 70 THE ORCHID REVIEW. been known as Lelia glauca during recent years. The flowers are light whitish green in colour, either with or without a dull purple blotch in the throat. 11. B. Dicsyana was described and figured by Lindley in 1846 (Bot. Reg., Xxxil., t. 53), from a specimen which flowered in the collection of Edward St. Vincent Digby, Esq., at Minterne, Dorsetshire, in July of that year. It had been sent from British Honduras by Mrs. McDonald, wife of the Governor of that Colony. Three years later it flowered at Kew, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 4474). For many years it remained very rare, though examples were occasionally met with, and not until its value for hybridising purposes was realized was it much sought for, after which importations were received, and it became comparatively common. It is now largely used for hybridising, and many seedlings are in existence beside those which have already reached the flowering stage. It is a remarkable species in every respect, and the beak of the mature capsule measures six inches, or three times as long as the capsule itself (Orch. Rev., vil., p. 238). Had this character been known to Bentham, it is probable that his name of Lelia Digbyana would never have been given. R. A. ROLFE. ANCECTOCHILI. Mr. J. K. Buppe, Curator of the Utrecht Botanic Garden, has sent a further note to the Gardeners’ Chronicle on the culture of Ancetochili (February 15th, p. 106), from which we make a few extracts to supplement the remarks given on page 8 of our January issue. Mr. Budde cails them the most beautiful plants on earth, considered collectively, and remarks that, although found in both the Eastern and Western Hemispheres, the kinds that have the most lovely and richest leaf- colouring come from Java. Prof. Treub told him that they do not grow so well in the forest under natural conditions as they do under cultivation at Utrecht. Generally they are difficult to keep alive, and often he has sent a couple of healthy plants to M. A. Fiet, Curator of the Botanic Garden at Groningen, but notwithstanding careful attention sooner or later they died. Three years ago he again sent two nice little plants, which arrived in per- fect order, and M. Fiet, remembering the situation in which they were grown at Utrecht, gave them a northern aspect at Groningen, and since then he has been equally successful. Mr. Budde remarks :—‘‘ We have, in one of our stoves, a small case on the north side, which is the home of our Aneectochili. Each plant is in a thumb pot, filled with good peat and living sphagnum moss, mixed with small broken pieces of charcoal and some sand. Twice a year, in March and October, they are repotted into clean pots, a work for which I use my own hands and care. From most of THE ORCHID REVIEW. 71 them I take off young plants, an operation which every propagator under- stands, and keep the plants growing; when it is done they look so happy and so grateful. Iam sure that if they could speak they would say, ‘You have done a good work, to be sure, we will make new growth and beautiful leaves.’ In summer time we give them plenty of water, but at this time:of the year less, without letting them get quite dry. Whenever they show signs of flowering, we at once cut the bloom spikes out, as soon as they can be got at.” Mr. Budde concludes by saying that ‘everybody may have a look on these pearls except ‘ Monsieur de Soleil,’ whose beams are not good for these lovely creatures.” Mr. W. Micholitz, writing from Bhamo, has also an interesting note on the question in the issue for February 22nd (p. 130). With respect to the compost, ‘‘mainly of loam-fibre,” he considers the use of such a compost as of special importance, for in loamy soil they are always found growing, and never in the light Orchid-peat and moss in which they are often potted in gardens. And he adds :—‘‘I am very fond of these jewelled members of the Orchid tribe, and as I have seen, as you will readily believe, a good many in their native habitats, I will venture to make a few remarks, which I hope may interest your readers, and which perhaps may help to make the beautiful Ancectochili better understood. ** Now I assert that Ancectochili are not at all so delicate as theyare generally supposed to be! I am certain that the real fact of the matter is that these plants are starved to death, or killed by kindness, and that they do not die much faster than is the case now, only proves their great natural vitality. Now as you well know, the Ancectochili are ground Orchids. They are found in forests growing in very rich loam. I have never seen one growing in moss in its native country. Yet what doI see at home? There, as a rule, they are planted in the old orthodox mixture of sphagnum, charcoal, and fibre rubbish, which may be suited well for an epiphyte, but hardly for a ground Orchid. Then they are generally put under a glass shade, so that the poor things cannot even get much sustenance from the air. The result, of course, is that the plant weakens, gets delicate, and ultimately dies ; and the plant is blamed and not the method of cultivation. I am well aware how difficult and often impossible it is at home to give a plant the exact natural conditions it enjoys in its wild state, and modifications have to be considered ; yet I am sure that if growers would procure some nice surface- loam out of the forest, and place the plants just loosely on this lumpy mixed material, perhaps with a little silver sand to keep it well open, and always keep it damp, they would be surprised at the result.’ To show how hardy the Ancectochili are, Mr. Micholitz relates the story of the introduction of Ancectochilus Sanderianus. He found the plant 72 THE ORCHID REVIEW. in British New Guinea, where it grows at an elevation of between 1,000 and 2,000 feet, and collected many, but had to wait about a month before he could get away, during which time a white mycelium proved very troublesome. At last he got to Cooktown, where he was again stranded for nine weeks, and the plants placed in a cold court-yard. Twelve days later he arrived at Batavia, and in two more days he reached Singapore, when he found the plants almost as fresh as when leaving New Guinea, and not a single plant dead. After some delay at Singapore, Mr. Fox, of the Botanic Garden there, who was coming home on leave, took charge of them, and the plants arrived at St. Albans almost as fresh as when collected. And he adds:—‘*I do not think any other kind of Orchid would stand such prolonged rough treatment half as well.” Then take the grandest of all the Ancetochili, I mean A. Leopoldi, with leaves six inches long and four inches broad, and most wonderfully marked. When the plants arrived in Belgium they had been on the road over three months, yet they were so good that they were exhibited at the Ghent Quinquennial Show, where I have no doubt you saw them. In Singapore I have seen them in private gardens, just potted in ordinary soil, and treated by native gardeners just as they treat Begonias, Caladiums, and things of that sort, and they do very well. But I think I have said enough to convey my impression that if people would seek to understand the Aneectochili, and treat them rationally and more like other plants, there is nothing in their nature which prevents them being easily grown. LISTROSTACHYS FORCIPATA., A VERY curious little plant which was sent from Buea, in the Cameroons, West Africa, has just flowered at Kew, and so far as can be told from the description belongs to the above plant. Listrostachys forcipata was described by Kranzlin, in 1894 (Engl. Jahrb., xix, p. 254), from dried specimens, which had been collected in the primeval forests west of Buea, at 4200 feet altitude, by Preuss. It was said to be one of the smallest species of the genus, much resembling a small Oncidium iridifolium in habit, the leaves ensiform, slightly compressed, the racemes much shorter than the leaves, and few flowered, the pedicels slender and three or four times longer than the bracts, the flowers 4 inch long, with the lip almost reduced to a large infundibuliform spur, which is entire at the mouth, attenuate below and contracted, then expanding into a deeply bifid or forcipate apex. The living plant agrees in these essential particulars, and with such marked peculiarities there is little doubt of its identity. The raceme, it may be added, bears seven flowers, which are ofa peculiar semipellucid white right THE ORCHID REVIEW. 73 down to the base of the long slender pedicels. The inflated forcipate apex of the spur is very curious, and the pollinia quite typical. It is interesting to have got the little plant home alive. R. A. ROLFE. ODONTOGLOSSUM ROSSII IMMACULATUM. THE charming little albino which is represented in the annexed figure appeared some years ago in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, and we do not rememberto have met with an additional example. It was originally described in these pages in 1894 (11., p. 132), and it presented Fic. 7. ODONTOGLOSSUM ROssII IMMACULATUM. the same peculiarity in the preceding year. As will be seen by the figure, every trace of spotting has vanished from the flower, leaving the petals and lip white, with the sepals pale pink, thus contrasting very effectively with the typical form. O. Rossii and its varieties are among the most beautiful of spring-flowering plants, and succeed best when grown in shallow pans, and suspended from the roof of the Cool house. The vatiety majus is a very large form ; rubescens has the petals and lip rosy ; and Ehrenbergii has the markings of the sepals greenish in colour. 74 THE ORCHID REVIEW. VARIATION IN SECONDARY HYBRIDS. PAPHIOPEDILUM X HERA. THE note by M. Cappe (p. 38) on the extreme variation in his fifty or sixty hybrids of the cross Paphiopedilum xX Charlesianum (P. x Leeanum xX P. X nitens Sallieri), together with your comments on the twelve flowers sent, are-very interesting and instructive. My own experience with the allied cross P. x Hera (P. X Leeanum x P. Boxallii) has been very similar. Out of forty-six hybrids of this cross flowered by me during the last three years, no two are exactly alike, and the extreme forms are very distinct indeed. In order to illustrate this, I am sending twenty-six flowers for your inspection, all I have out, at the present time, of this cross. With such a wide range of variation, it is rather difficuit to classify them with any precision, and if all the characters of form and colour be taken into consideration in each individual, it becomes a hopeless task. But if we follow Mendel’s example, and take one character only, we can then group them fairly easily. For this purpose I will take the most con- spicuous character, i.e., the colour of the upper sepal of the flower. In this particular the twenty-six hybrids fall naturally into four distinct groups, though at the same time the extremes of these groups tend towards one another, thus forming, as it were, a complete series. Group I, consisting of seven forms, may be termed the BOoxAL.ii- INSIGNE section, the colour of the upper sepal being pure white above and green to yellow-green below, covered with purple and black spots except at the apex and margins, which are pure white. The pure white area is en- larged in var. burbagense, while the green area is increased in another form, the remainder varying in degree between these two extremes. The spots also vary in size, number,and colour, being larger, fewer, and darker in var. maculatum, and smaller, lighter, and more numerous in var. punctatum. The original Cypripedium x Hera (C. x Adrastus), and C. x Euryades of Veitch, together with C. x Mariz of Peeters, belong to the above group, all being spotted forms, and the whole group, in this particular character, may be likened to P. X Schlesingerianum (P. Boxallii x P. insigne) and its numerous varieties. Group II, consisting of eight forms, may be termed the Boxa.L.u- SPICERIANUM section, the colour of the upper sepal being pure white with green base, covered or suffused with deep rose-purple and purple-black, except the apex and margins, which are pure white, and with a distinct dark purple median band. In this group also, the white and green areas vary in extent, and the purple shade in extent and intensity, the darkest forms being var. Dakini and var. Cesar. This group, in this character, may be compared to P. X Calypso and its numerous varieties. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 75 Group III, consisting of seven forms, may be termed the BoxALLil section, the colour of the upper sepal being Boxallii green to yellow green, with brown and black markings (but no definite spots), narrow white mar- gins, and brown to black median band. Var. Hurstii (see Dict. Icon. des Orch., Cyp. hyb., t. 44 A) has broad, white margins, and rich yellow green ground colour, while var. viride is a beautiful clear green, with a few black markings each side of the black median band, and narrow white margins. (This fact is rather curious, and suggests that P. Boxallii and P. villosum are either very closely related species or that they hybridise naturally in their native habitat). This group, in this character, may be compared to P. Boxallii and P. villosum and their numerous forms. Group IV consists of four forms, which are unlike anything else I have seen, and might be described as intermediate, in the colour of the upper sepal, between the three grandparent species P. Boxallii, P. Spicerianum, and P. insigne. The ground colour is yellow-green, marked and shaded with brown and purple, with white apex and broad white margins, and with a distinct median band either brown or purple. Var. Stormberg has a broad, white, dorsal sepal, with a small green area at the base, marbled with purple, which extends into the white, and terminates in a median band. So much for a single character. The other characters, both in form and colour, taken singly, come out on analysis ina similar manner; but if we attempt to consider each hybrid as an individual made up of many charac- ters, the result isa complicated chaos impossible to define. For further details of these hybrids and their bearing upon present day problems of heredity and variation, I must refer the reader to my forthcoming paper on Mendel’s “Law” in the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society. With regard to the question of nomenclature raised by M. Cappe: now that the authorities are all of one mind, it is quite a simple matter, and may be summed up in a single sentence: ONE CROSS, ONE NAME. In this way only can we ear-mark the pedigree of every hybrid, or as the Editor ad- mirably puts it :—‘‘ The common name indicates the common origin.” C. C. Hurst. A remarkable series, and some of the forms are striking and beautiful, particularly those mentioned by name, though a few others are worth taking care of, and a dozen really good things could easily be selected. The charac- ter chosen for classifying them, namely, the colour of the dorsal sepal, is the most striking one, and the one by which they would largely be judged from a florist’s standpoint, besides being largely in agreement with the pre- dominating colour of the petals and lip. The more salient features have been so well outlined by Captain Hurst thatit is not necessary to add further descriptive remarks, though we may add that the question is one of 76 THE ORCHID REVIEW. great biological interest, and we hope that the important .question of nomenclature involved will be borne in mind by raisers. Materials for selection abound on every hand, and selection is the order of the day, but we must also aim at a clear and concise system of nomenclature, which will enable us to trace the origin of our plants in the future. CULTURE OF ORCHIDS IN LEAF-MOULD. I SEE by the horticultural papers, and particularly by the articles published in the Orchid Review and the Gardeners’ Chronicle, that the question of growing Orchids in leaf-mould is now engaging great attention in England, and I think that the opinion of those who have cultivated Orchids for long periods, and in various parts may have some value in the debate. My own opinion, which is also that of my foreman, M. Van Cauwenberghe—and we have studied the question in the same fields of experience for a period of 27 years—may be of some value. At Moortebeek, where the cultivation of Orchids has often been cited as a pattern, we have not adopted the new method, for the simple reason that from our own trials, and from those that we have seen made by others, we have not yet seen results superior to those obtained by the old system. We do not believe that the nature of the ingredients which sustain the plant are of primary importance in the culture of Orchids. The principal factors of success consist in giving plenty of air, the proper amount of moisture at different periods of their growth, rest, and the provision of a suitable temperature. It is quite a secondary matter whether the plants are culti- vated on blocks of wood (for Cattleyas), in crocks, in green moss, living sphagnum, in leaf-mould, or in polypodium fibre. Manure we never use. Formerly my father used to grow all his Orchids in sphagnum as fresh as possible, and his plants were as fine as ours of to-day. We almost dare to say that if the materials used in potting should be of primary importance in cultivation, it is the use of living sphagnum that we recommend above all others. When a plant is in bad health, whether it is an Odontoglossum, a Cypripedium, or a Cattleya, is it not in living sphagnum that it will regain strength? Does not life bring back life? Finally, in order to com- plete our researches, we have bought from various amateurs and nurserymen » Cypripedes and other Orchids that have been potted in leaf-mould, and on examining them, the only living roots that we found were in the sphagnum moss with which the plants were surfaced. In the soil they were generally rotten. What advantage therefore could this be to them ? We certainly do not condemn the new system of culture, but its chief advantage is that it takes away from novices the fear that they had of cultivating Orchids. A plant that can be potted like a Fuchsia or a THE ORCHID REVIEW. 77 Geranium no longer frightens one. Let them, therefore, in England and elsewhere, try the new method of culture in leaf-mould ; experienced culti- vators will understand why I say that it will only be service to those who do not know how to cultivate Orchids. If a Commission were sent to Belgium to study the new system, I would strongly invite them to visit also our Moortebeek establishment, and to make a comparison. L. LINDEN. [The above is a translation of a letter sent to us by M. L. Linden, and we take the opportunity of saying that we invite others to send us their experience on this important question.—ED. | CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MARCH, By JoHN Mackay, The Gardens, Highbury, Birmingham. THE temperatures in the various departments may now, with advantage, be slightly increased. The following will be a useful guide :— Coot House: Day, 60°; Night, 50° to 35°, INTERMEDIATE House: Day, 65°; Night, 55° to 60°. East Inp1AN House: Day, 70°; Night, 60° to 65°. With the increase of temperature, it follows that the atmospheric conditions should gradually become more favourable to new growth. The amount of water afforded the plants may also be increased without fear of injury, and damping down will be necessary two or more times aday, as circumstances require. Avoid urging the plants into active life too soon, however, by employing an undue amount of heat and moisture ; rather allow them to take a natural course, giving cultural assistance when © necessary by placing those in a forward stage of growth where the best conditions may be obtained. Make use of mild weather and bright days by giving more air than hitherto, using bottom ventilators only. Now that the sun is giving more power, the houses may sometimes become uncomfortably hot. I find it advantageous to use blinds in order to keep the temperatures under, rather than ventilate too freely, especially at this season, when cold winds are often prevalent. The chief evil the cultivators must guard against is to avoid direct draught reaching the plants. East Inpran Hovuse.—Many of the occupants of this house will now require attention in the way of re-potting or top-dressing, as, for :nstance, Aérides, Saccolabiums, Vandas, Angrecums, &c. Plants of this class often appear unsightly through loss of the lower foliage, so it becomes necessary to remedy this by replacing them in other receptacles, which requires care and judgment in so doing, or injury will result. The receptacles may take the form of pots, pans, or baskets, the latter being preferable for many, 78 THE ORCHID REVIEW. especially Aérides. The basal portion of the stems may, in most cases, admit of being cut off before insertion, after which the plant should be firmly secured, carefully twining the roots through the bars of the basket, then filling the receptacle with clean crocks, and surfacing over with clean picked, living sphagnum moss. The plants that only require top- dressing should have the old moss and as many of the crocks as possible taken out, and replaced with clean drainage and fresh moss, placing the heads uppermost, to give a fresh, green appearance when growth commences. Afford little water until the moss has freshened into life. A. Fieldingii, A. crassifolium, and A. odoratum require a shady position in the Cattleya house, whilst A. Vandarum thrives best in the Cool house. ANGR&CUMS.—Many of these are fast developing their flower spikes, amongst which may be mentioned A. Sanderianum, A. Ellisii, A. Leonis, A. falcatum, A. citratum, and the pretty little A. fastuosum. Any re-potting necessary with these should be delayed until the flowering stage is passed. Continue to give water in moderation. The small growing section does best grown in pans or baskets, with liberal drainage, and moss pressed firmly about the base, whilst A. sesquipedale, A. eburneum, A. superbum, and A. Scottianum should be grown in pots, giving plenty of drainage and little moss at the base, for abundance of water is needed during the growing season. Vanpas.—Some of these will now require attention, as V. Sanderiana, V. Roxburghii, V. Denisoniana, V. insignis, V. Parishii, and V. lamellata, baskets suiting their requirements best, and they should be grown suspended on the side of this house, renovating their condition,.as circum- stances require. V. gigantea and V. Batemaniana require pot culture, _ being strong growing species; afford them a light position and a moderate supply of water until the growing season is more advanced. V. ccerulea, one of the most beautiful of the genus, requires somewhat cooler treatment than those previously mentioned, and, above all, must have a pure atmosphere to grow satisfactorily, and for this reason we so seldom see it growing well near a smoky district. Plants that have been kept cool and on the dry side since February are now emitting new roots, and should have attention by giving fresh sphagnum moss, and clean drainage where required. Baskets are always preferable for this species, because its roots resent confinement. A suitable position may be found in the Cattleya house, so that plenty of light, air, and moisture can be given during the growing season, these being the most essential points in its successful cultivation. L#@LIA ANCEPS, and its many varieties, such as L. a. Schrceederiana, L. a. callistoglossa, L. a. Sanderiana, L.a. Stella, L. a. Dawsoni, L. a. Amesiana, and L. a. Chamberlainiana, that require re-potting or otherwise THE ORCHID REVIEW. 79 renovating, should now receive attention, for root action has already commenced. I favour pans in preference to baskets, as the plants are more easily potted when occasion requires. These should be well drained, using for the compost good, turfy peat and sphagnum moss. Cut away any dead roots or pseudo-bulbs not required, keep the base of the plants on a level with the rim, with the leads facing the same, then insert the peat firmly among the roots until the pan is filled, finishing the whole with good heads of sphagnum moss. Give water sparingly for a few weeks to newly- potted plants ; an occasional syringe overhead on bright days will suffice. Afford plenty of strong light and ample ventilation, in order to secure the best results from these conspicuous Orchids. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA.—These plants are now forming their new pseudobulbs, and the present is a suitable time for any re-potting that may be necessary, for roots will be forming at the base of the maturing growths. -The compost may consist of three parts chopped sphagnum moss to one of peat; use perfectly clean pots and fill to two-thirds their depth with drainage, which may consist of crocks or bracken root, the latter answering very well. The plants should be elevated a little above the rim ; press the compost moderately firm round the base of the plant, and finish off with a layer of picked sphagnum moss. When finished give a good watering, and shade from strong sunlight until the plants re-establish themselves. Afford plenty of moisture at the root, and in the atmosphere, until the flowering stage is reached. Miltonia X Bleuana succeeds well if given a position with the former in the Intermediate house. This free flowering hybrid is a most desirable Orchid to have ; it flowers earlier than M. vexillaria, and already its flower spikes are well advanced. Water may be liberally afforded at the present time. MiLtoniA RoeEz.u and M. R. alba require to be grown in more heat, and enjoy a moist, shady position in the East Indian house. It is advisable to re-pot any that may require it, using a compost similar to the one recommended for M. vexillaria. It will be found that they thrive best under humid conditions, and these should be encouraged at all seasons. Thrips are very troublesome in Miltonias, but these may be kept in check by light fumigatings with XL-AIl. CATTLEYaAs.—Some of the labiata section are commencing new growth, such as C. Warneri, C. Gaskelliana, C. Warscewiczii, and C. Triane, and should be re-potted or top-dressed as their needs require. CALANTHES.—The deciduous section, which comprises C. rosea, C, vestita, C. xX Veitchii, C. x William Murray, and C. X Bryan, &c., are commencing new growth, and these may be re-potted just before new roots are emitted. A suitable compost consists of three-parts good fibrous loam to one of leaf soil, adding a quantity of broken crocks and silver sand, 80 THE ORCHID REVIEW. mixing the whole well together, and afterwards putting it in a suitable place to warm, previous to use. Unless specimens are required, by placing five or six bulbs in a seven inch pot, it is better to grow them singly in five or six inch pots. These should be well drained, with clean, broken crocks, over which place a layer of old moss or leaves. When ready for petting, shake the plants out of the old soil, and cut away the dead roots to about an inch from the pseudobulb; these will tend to keep the plant firm in the compost. The soil should be pressed firmly, so that the base of the bulb is covered about an inch. When potted, water with tepid rain water, giving them a light position near the glass in the warmest house. Afford no more water until the young growths are well advanced and rooting freely, when the amount of water should be increased, giving occasional waterings with weak liquid cow manure, as the pseudobulbs begin to form. THUNIAS may also be re-potted, using a compost similar to that advised for Calanthes. Select four stems of uniform size, and secure to a stick in the centre of a six inch pot. Pot firmly, and give them a sunny position near the glass in the Cattleya house, and water sparingly until new roots are freely made. Thunias are greatly benefited by frequent waterings with liquid cow manure when growth is well advanced. CyRTOPODIUMS, CATASETUMS, CYCNOCHES, and MorMoDEs have had a long, dry rest. These will now be commencing new growth, and may have attention. The conditions of the warmest house suit them, giving little water until growth is well forward. In the Coot House many plants are fast developing flower spikes, and these should be protected from slugs by placing a little cotton wadding round the base of each. Thrips, fly, or red spider may be kept uader with a little timely care and attention bestowed on the plants; remembering — that cleanliness is a great point in their successful cultivation. A REVERSION OF CALANTHE x VEITCHII. A RACEME of Calanthe xX Veitchii is illustrated in the Journal of Horti- culture for February 20th (p. 161) in which the sepals and petals are rose- coloured and the lip white. It is said to have been produced in the Range- more Gardens, Burton-on-Trent, some years ago, and is considered to show a partial reversion towards the parent C. rosea in the form and colour of the sepals and petals, and in the compact raceme, and towards C. vestita in the colour of the lip. Whether the plant was a sport from the ordinary form of C. X Veitchii is not stated. It may be analogous to the variety versicolor, in which the flowers are said to be variable, some rose, some white, others with one or more of the segments rose, and the remainder white. THE ORCHID REVIEW. $1 ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM ALBUM. THE annexed illustration represents a beautiful white form of Odonto- glossum citrosmum from the collection of Dr. A. W. Hoisholt, Stockton, California. Dr. Hoisholt, in. sending the photograph, remarks that he Fic. 8. ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM ALBUM. thinks it ‘“extraordinary in having two spikes, with an aggregate of forty OAieaes Al ne aks : , ; i Hiowers, all from one new growth, the spikes appearing one above the other. he larger spike had 24 flowers, six of which appeared on a side branch,” 82 THE ORCHID REVIEW. which, however, is not well shown in the illustration. Curiously enough it extends downwards almost behind the main rachis, though it is just visible in the photograph; also in a second photograph sent showing the entire plant. This, though less suitable for reproduction, shows that the pseudo- bulbs and leaves are very fine. Dr. Hoisholt adds that “the species does well with him in a half-span Cool house, facing east, and running north and south, the north gable end of which is almost fully open at night during the summer months.” Also that although branching spikes may not be uncommon, he has not seen one before among a large number of plants. O. citrosmum album was described in 1887 (Veitch Man. Orch., i., p. 19), but that was not the first appearance of the plant, for in 1880 we find men- tioned, in a reply to W. Bishop, a form of O. citrosmum with flower entirely white except the yellow crest (Gard. Chron., 1880, xiii., p- 602). It is a very beautiful variety, as the illustration shows. : BRASSAVOLA HYBRIDS, ALTHOUGH the species of Brassavola do not yet appear to. have been successfully crossed together, they have been united by hybridisation with Cattleya, Lelia and Lelio-cattleya, and it may be interesting to collect together the different hybrids which have appeared, no connected account of them having yet been given. : The earliest mention of a Brassavola hybrid seems to have been in 1889, when a note appeared to the effect that the plant which had long been known as Cattleya Lindleyana was, in all probability, not a species, but a natural hybrid between Cattleya intermedia and Brassavola tuberculata (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 4889, V:, p.-437.). follows :— “ CATTLEYA LINDLEYANA.—What would happen if Mr. Seden, or some of his enterprising co-workers, were to hybridise Cattleya intermedia with Brassavola tuberculata? Well, it is somewhat difficult to say, as so much depends upon circumstances. The cross might refuse to take, or the capsule, if produced, might contain no good seed; neither of which are at all uncommon occurrences. Even when young plants are produced, a hungry slug will sometimes upset the most carefully devised experiments in a single night. But supposing all the perils incidental to Orchid babyhood safely passed, would the hybridist be surprised if the so-called Cattleya Lindleyana appeared when the flowering stage was reached? I confess I should not, on the contrary I think it most probable that such would be the end of the experiment. There has always been something mysterious about the plant, and more than once I have looked at drawings, and thought of Brassavola. The note is as dried specimens and As a good plant has just flowered at THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83 Kew, I thought it worth while to make a careful comparison with possible parents. The result is, I believe it to be a natural hybrid between the two - plants above named, both of which grow in the province of Santa Catherina, South Brazil, whence the plant came. It has decided characters of both supposed parents, and may be said to be fairly intermediate between them, though with a balance of characters in favour of the ‘Brassavola. Following the plan proposed for dealing with these bi-generic hybrids, the name Brassocattleya x Lindleyana may be adopted for the plant.” BrASSOCATTLEYA.—Although no one has yet succeeded in raising the hybrid just mentioned, a closely allied one has been raised by M. Chas. Maron, by crossing Brassavola fragrans and Cattleya intermedia, which has been called Brasscecattleya X nivalis, and now that the so-called Lelia Digbyana has been returned to Brassavola, the hybrid genus Brassocattleya will receive several accessions, which have previously been referred to Lelio-cattleya. And the necessity of this transfer furnishes the oppor- tunity of giving single specific titles to several hybrids which have not hitherto been named in accordance with this salutary rule. I. BRASSOCATTLEYA X LINDLEYANA. — This plant was originally described by Reichenbach, in 1857, under the name of Cattleya (!) Lindleyana (Allg. Gartenz., xxv., p. 118), from a specimen which flowered with M. J. Linden, of Brussels, and which had been imported from Santa Catherina, S. Brazil. The author described it as without allies, but as having the pseudobulbs and leaves nearly as in Lelia cinnabarina, and flowers approaching Cattleya intermedia. In 1864 it was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 5449), from a specimen said to have been sent from Bahia by C. H. Williams, Esq., and which flowered at Kew in September, 1863. The habitat now seems doubtful, and it may be added that the plant had also flowered at Kew in November of the previous year. Since then other examples have appeared, but the hybrid still remains comparatively rare. 2. BRASSOCATTLEYA X VEITCHII.— It was in 1889 that the first hybrid from Brassavola Digbyana flowered, the seed parent being Cattleya Mossia, but as the former parent was then referred to Lelia, the hybrid was ‘described as Lzlio-cattleya x Digbyana-Mossiz (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1889, v., p. 742). It had previously been exhibited by the raisers, Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, on May 14th, under the name of Lelia Digbyana X Mossiz, and received a First-class Certificate (Gard. Chron., 1889, v., pp- 030, 657, 658, fig. rrr). As compared with the Brassavola parent, the flower is considerably enlarged, and more expanded, with the colour a pleasing shade of rose-pink.. The lip is elegantly fringed, though not nearly to such an extent as in the pollen parent. It was welcomed as a great acquisition, and was regarded as the possible forerunner of a race with | 4 84 THE ORCHID REVIEW, fringed flowers. With respect to the change of name a word may be said. When originally described in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, under the name of Lelio-cattleya xX Digbyana-Mossiz, the Editor remarked :—*‘ The generic name is felicitous, but we hope some means may be taken to render the specific name less cumbrous,” a hope that is at last carried into effect. 3. BRASSOCATTLEYA X SEDENI.—It was not until 1897 that a second hybrid from Brassavola Digbyana appeared, but on April 13th of that year a plant was exhibited by Messrs. Veitch, at a meeting of the R.H.S., under the name of Lzlio-cattleya x Digbyano-Triane, and was awarded a First- class Certificate. In this case Cattleya Triana was the seed parent. The plant passed into the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, and was described in these pages (v., p- 132). It was raised by Mr. Seden, to whom it is now dedicated. It bears considerable resemblance to B. X Veitchii, but is rather darker in colour. BRASSOCATTLEYA X THORNTONI.—A little later in 1897, a fica hybrid appeared, having been raised in the collection of T. W. Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, from Cattleya Gaskelliana ? and Brassavola. Digbyana g¢. It was described in these pages as Lzelio-cattleya X Thorntoni (v., p. 339). In the following year the same hybrid flowered with ‘Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. on April 26th (Orch. Rev., vi., p. 159). It is rather lighter im colour than B. xX Veitchii, which it otherwise much resembles. 5. BRASSOCATTLEYA X BELLAERENSIS.—A hybrid raised by M. G.- Mantin, of Paris, it is said from Brassavola Perrinii ?, and Cattleya guttata g, though by the latter name it is probable that C. Leopoldi is intended. It was exhibited at a meeting of the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France, at Paris, on July 28th, 1898, under the name of Correvonia X bellaerensis, which M. Cogniaux, in a note, amended to Brassocattleya xX bellaerensis (Chron. Orch., p- 150). The sepals. and petals are narrow and pale green, and the lip white at the base, and purple at the apex, with some sulphur yellow and a band of purple spots: in the centre. 6. BRAsSOCATTLEYA X Maront.—In 1899 another novelty appeared, being raised by M. Ch. Maron, of Brunoy, from Cattleya Mendelii ¢ and Brassavola Digbyana 3. It was exhibited ata meeting of the R.H.S., on March 14th, under the name of Lelio-cattleya x Inpératrice de Russie, and received a First-class Certificate. The flower is white, beautifully tinged. with light pink. Afterwards the name of L.-c. X Digbyano-Mendelii was: imposed, and it is curious to note that in Igor no less than three First-class: Certificates were given to its varieties by the R.H.S. These were called Hessle var., Tring Park var.,and Veitch’s var., and the fact affords eloquent © testimony to the beauty of this hybrid, which we now dedicate to its raiser- THE ORCHID REVIEW. 85 7. BRASSOCATTLEYA X NIVALIS.—A hybrid from Brassavola fragrans x Cattleya intermedia, raised by M. Chas. Maron, and exhibited by him, at Paris, on January r4th, 1900, when it received a Second-class Certificate of Merit (Chron. Orch., p. 325). The plant was also exhibited by J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey, at a meeting of the R.H.S. on May 7th, 1gor, and received an Award of Merit. 8. BRASSOCATTLEYA X MARON&.—Last year M. Ch. Maron made another remarkable addition to the group, when he flowered a seedling derived from Cattleya Warscewicziit ? and Brassavola Digbyana g. It was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S., on September 24th, under the name of Lzlio-cattleya x Madame Chas. Maron, and received a First-class Certificate (Orch. Rev., ix., p. 317). It was afterwards described and figured in these pages under the name of Leelio-cattleya X Marone (ix., p. 329, fig. 48). It is said that the above award was afterwards withdrawn because a flower was not handed in for painting, which of course in no way detracts from its beauty. Its general character may be seen in the illustration above cited. ; : g. BRASSOCATTLEYA X ORPHEUS.—A very interesting hybrid raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, from Brassavola glauca ? and Cattleya Trianz alba 3, to which an Award of Merit was given at a meeting of the R.H.S., on January 14th last, under the name of Lelio-cattleya x Orpheus (supra, p. 51). It is fairly intermediate in character, having the sepals white, slightly tinged with pink, and the petals and lip white, the latter having a sulphur yellow disc. BrassoL#LiaA.—A hybrid genus established to receive the hybrids between Brassavola and Lelia, of which three are now known. I. Brassor#iia X VEITCHII.—In 1898 a hybrid between Lelia purpurata ° and Brassavola Digbyana g appeared, being exhibited by the raisers, Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, at a meeting of the R.H.S., on December 13th, under the name of Lelia X Digbyano-purpurata, and to which an Award of Merit was given (Orch. Rev., vii., p. 31). It is most like L. purpurata in shape, the sepals and petals blush white, and the lip purple in front. 2. BRASSOLHLIA X GRATRIXIZ.—-In the following year a notable | addition appeared, in the shape of a hybrid between Lelia cinnabarina @ and Brassavola Digbyana g. Messrs. James Veitch & Sons were again the raisers, and the plant was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S., on October 24th, under the name of Lelia x Mrs. M. Gratrix, and gained an Award of Merit. Two days later it received a similar award from the Manchester Orchid Society (Orch. Rev., vii., pp. 349, 351). The flowers are fairly inter- mediate in shape, and the colour buff-yellow, somewhat tinged with copper on the sepals and petals. A similar award has since been given to the &6 THE ORCHID REVIEW. variety superba (Orch. Rev., viii., p. 60), and a First-class certificate to the variety grandis (Orch. Rev., 1x., p. 24). 3. BRASSOL#LIA X CL1o.—Another interesting hybrid from Brassavola glauca, raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, and exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S., on January 15th last. The seed parent was Lelia cinna- barina, and the flower of the hybrid is light reddish buff in colour, and fairly intermediate in other respects, though at present obviously undeveloped. BRASSOCATLELIA is a hybrid genus established in 1897 for a hybrid between Brassocattleya and Lzlio-cattleya, to which a second hybrid is now added, and which will serve to distinguish any hybrid in which the characters of the three genera Brassavola, Cattleya, and Lelia are combined. 1. BRASSOCATLELIA X LAWRENCEI.—A hybrid derived from Brasso- cattleya x Lindleyana ? and Lzlio-cattleya x elegans 3, from the collec- tion of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, to which an Award of Merit was given by the R.H.S., on December 14th, 1897, under the name of Brassocatlelia X Lindleyano-elegans (Orch. Rev., vi., p. 30). The sepals and petals are blush white and the lip purple. 2. BRASSOCATL&LIA X WiGani.—At the Temple Show, in 1901, a very handsome hybrid was exhibited by Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, under the name of Lzlio-cattleya x Edgar Wigan, to which a First-class Certificate was given (Orch. Rev., ix., pp. 184, 196). Its parents are Lzlio-cattleya x Aphrodite ? and Brassavola Digbyana ¢.- The first-named hybrid was derived from Cattleya Mendelii and Lelia purpurata, from which its general character may be interred. The flower has much of the general shape of the Brassavola parent, with the fringe of the lip greatly reduced, and the colour blush pink, with the front of the lobe of the lip darker in colour, and a tinge of sulphur in the throat. OBITUARY. Mrs. R. BricGs-Bury.—We deeply regret to hear of the death of this lady, at her residence, Bank House, Accrington, on Feb. 7th, at the age of 62 years. The deceased was a most enthusiastic orchidist, and the possessor of a very fine collection, which was frequently represented at the meetings of the Manchester Orchid Society, and occasionally in London. She was a successful exhibitor at Manchester on the day preceding her death. HENRY TATE.—We regret to hear of the death of this gentleman, at his residence, Bolney House, Ennismere Gardens, London, at the early age of 48. He formerly resided at Allerton Beeches, Liverpool, where he possessed a choice collection of Orchids, which was sold some time ago- THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87 R.H.S. ORCHID COMMITTEE. THE following gentlemen constitute the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society for the current year (New Members are distinguished by an asterisk) :-— VEITCH, H. J., F.L.s., King’s Road, Chelsea, S.W. Chairman. Fow er, J]. GURNEY, Glebelands, S. Woodford. Vice-Chairman. LAWRENCE, SIR TREVOR, Bart., v.M.H., 57 Princes’ Gate, S.W. SCHRODER, BARON, v.M.H., The Dell, Staines. he O’BRIEN, JAMES, V.M.H., Marian, Harrow-on-the- Hill. Hon, Sec. *AsHTON, F. W., Southgate, N. AsHwortH, E., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, Cheshire. BALFourR, Pror. BAYLEY, F.R.S., V.M.H., Edinburgh. BALLANTINE, H., The Dell Gardens, Staines. BILneEY, W. A., Fir Grange, Weybridge. Bonp, T. W., Elstead House Gardens, Godalming. * BoxaLL, W., V.M.H., 186 Brook Road, Upper Clapton. BROoMAN- WHITE, R., Arddarroch, Garelochhead, N.B. CuapMaNn, H. J., Cambridge Lodge Gardens, Camberwell. * CHARLESWORTH, J., Heaton, Bradford. Cops, WALTER, 33 Broadwater Down, Tunbridge Wells. CoLMAN, J., Gatton Park, Reigate, Surrey. Cookson, NoRMAN C., Oakwood, Wylam, Northumberland. Crawsuay, DE Barri, Rosefield, Sevenoaks. * CYPHER, JOHN J., Queen’s Road, Cheltenham. Douctas, JAMES, V.M.H., Edenside, Great Bookham. * FIELDING, C. H., Southgate House, Southgate. Hitt, E., Tring Park Gardens, Tring. Histop, A., Bletchley Park Gardens, Bletchley. Latuam, W. B., Botanic Gardens, Birmingham. Law-ScHoFIELD, G. W., New Hall Hey, Rawtenstall, Manchester. Litte, H., Baronshalt, The Barons, E. Twickenham. Moore, F. W., v.M.H., Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin. *Moorg, G. F., Bourton-on-the- Water, Gloucestershire. ODELL, J. W., The Grove, Stanmore, Middlesex. Pitt, H. T., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, N. PoLtett, H. M., Fernside, Bickley, Kent Potter, J. Wiison, Elmwood, Park Hill Mend Croydon. REHDER, FRANK, 29 Mincing Lane, EC: SANDER, F., v.M.H., St. Albans. TuHompson, W., Walton Grange, Stone, Staff. THORNE, F. J., The Gardens, Sunningdale Park, Bucks. Tracy, H. A., Amyand Park Road, Twickenham. Wuite, W. H., Burford Lodge Gardens, Dorking. Younc, W. H., Clare Lawn Gardens, East Sheen. 9) 38 TARE ORCHID REVIEW. ARACHNANTHE MOSCHIFERA. ' ARACHNANTHE MOSCHIFERA is a very remarkable Orchid which is seldom seen in cultivation in England, and the photograph from which the annexed figure was prepared was sent to us by Hugh Dixon, Esq., of Sydney, the possessor of one of the largest and oldest private collections in Australia. It was sent to him about ten years ago by some Eastern collector, and has now flowered for the first time. The plant is rather tall and climbing in habit, and produces aérial roots on the stem, as seen in the photograph, which is much reduced. A second photograph shows a flower nearly natural size, and the dimensions are noted as three inches wide by four inches across the broadest diameter. The colour is greenish yellow, irregularly barred and blotched with deep brownish red. The Fic. 9. ARACHNANTHE MOSCHIFERA. shape is remarkable, and not unlike some gigantic spider. It is uncertain when the species first flowered in England, but at all events it bloomed with Messrs. Heath & Sons, of Cheltenham, in July, 1894, the plant having been imported from Java about ten years before it flowered. The plant was noted as ten feet high, and the spike two feet long, branched, and bearing fifteen flowers. It is a rather widely-diffused Malayan species, being found in Java, Borneo, the Malay Peninsula, and probably elsewhere, at moderate elevations, and thus it requires to be grown in the East Indian house, where it succeeds very well if a suitable position can be found, for, like the handsome Renanthera caccinea, it requires a little head-room. It should receive similar treatment to Aérides and its allies. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89 SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. A MEETING of the above Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on February 11th, when a good display of Orchids was seen. J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes), received a Cultural Commendation for a fine plant of Ipsea speciosa, bearing six spikes of large yellow flowers. Leopold de Rothschild, Esq., Gunnersbury House, Acton (gr. Mr. Hudson), showed four fine flowers of Cattleya Trianz Marie, a large and handsome form, having silvery-white sepals and petals, delicately tinged and veined with pink, and the front of the lip deep magenta crimson, with two yellow blotches in the throat. J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), exhibited a handsome form of Dendrobium nobile, pure white in colour, but with a sulphur-yellow disc to the lip, thus referable to D. n.. virginale; D. x euosmum Eleanor (x endocharis X nobile nobilius), a white flower, having the segments tinged with rose; D. nobile albiflorum, and a good form of D. Ainsworthii, called Gatton Park variety, having primrose-tinted flowers. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), showed the curious Sikkim Cirrhopetalum appendiculatum, and a pale green Eulophia species. E. C. Bliss, Esq., Tulse Hill (gr. Mr. Parker), showed a well grown example of Coelogyne cristata, bearing numerous flower spikes. The Rev. F. Paynter, Stoke Hill, Guildford (gr. Mr. Cooke), showed a pretty hybrid Cypripedium, of unrecorded parentage, but it strongly resembled C. xX tesselatum porphyreum, with the dorsal sepal more strongly lined. _ W.M. Low, Esq., Wellesbourne, Warwick (gr. Mr. Liney), exhibited a good form of Odontoglossum xX pr ogeinradimmeued having yellow flowers, heavily blotched with brown. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a fine group of hybrids, for which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. Included were Dendrobium X Wardiano-japonicum, D. x Wiganize xanthochilum, D. Xx Cordelia, the pale-yellow D. x Imogene (signatum X euosmum leucopterum), the bright yellow D. xX Ophir (aureum X signatum), Phalenopsis x Hebe (rosea X Sanderiana), P. X Ariadne (x Stuartiana xX Aphrodite), a dark scarlet form of Epidendrum x O’Brienianum, Cattleya xX Miranda (amethystoglossa X Trianz), Lzlio-cattleya x Myra, L.-c. X Doris (L. harpophylla x C. Trianz), Lelia x Edissa, and L. x Mrs. M. Gratrix. Lelio-cattleya x Queen Alexandra (L.-c. x bella x C. Trianz) received a First-class go THE ORCHID REVIEW. Certificate. It is a magnificent hybrid, large and of excellent shape, the sepals and petals being light rosy lilac in colour, and the lip intense ruby purple, margined with lilac, with the disc orange-coloured and some reddish lines extending to the base. An Award of Merit was given to Cymbidium x Lowio-grandiflorum, a very interesting hybrid of fairly intermediate character. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, gained a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, containing many varieties of Lelia x Mrs. M. Gratrix and Lezlio-cattleya x Charlesworthii, Odontoglossum cirrhosum, O. crispum Etoile du Congo, O. c. Chestertoni, O. X loochristiense nobilior, a yellow flower blotched with brown, having the ground work of the lip white, Oncidium splendidum, Houlletia odoratissima and the yellow H. o. xanthinum. An Award of Merit was given to Odontoglossum x Hallio- crispum heatonense, a large and handsome flower, fairly intermediate in character. The sepals were yellow, blotched with red-brown on the lower part, the fringed petals similar in colour, and the large fringed lip pale yellow with a few reddish spots. A similar award was given to C. x Lowio- Mastersianum. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, showed the pure white Dendrobium nobile virginale, and Cypripedium insigne X bellatulum, which is evidently a form of Paphiopedilum xX Helena, described at page 30. Messrs. D. Dowel, horticultural sundriesmen, Ravenscourt Avenue, Hammersmith, showed an assortment of Orchid-pans, potting materials, &c. AT the meeting held on February 25th there was an excptionally fine display of Orchids. J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Pan. Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), staged a fine group of ‘well-grown and profusely flowered plants, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained a beautiful series of Dendrobiums, con- spicuous among them being fine specimens of D. aureum and the pale D. nobile Gatton Park variety, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, some good Odonto- glossum crispum and Lelia anceps, Masdevallia cucullata, Brassia Laneeana, Phaius X Norman, Cattleya Trianz alba, a fine example of Phalzenopsis Schilleriana bearing a strong spike, and a strong young plant on the old spike of last year, and other good things. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), gained a Silver Banksian Medal for a group of well-grown things, including the rare Dendrobium Treacherianum, D. nobile burfordiense, the fine D. x xantho- centrum pallens, Masdevallia elephanticeps, M. burfordiensis, M. x Bocking hybrid, Lelia anceps Veitchiana, a well-bloomed Maxillaria arachnites, Cypripedium X Berkeleyanum (bellatulum xX Boxallii), a well-coloured hybrid of intermediate character, and several other good things. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 91 Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Alexander), also received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, includiug some good Cypri- pediums, Dendrobiums, Cattleya Trianz, Odontoglossum crispum, &c. W. M. Appleton, Esq., Weston-super-Mare, received an Award of Merit for Cypripedium x Dowlerianum (insigne punctato-violaceum X Gode- ‘froyz leucochilum), a fine thing, most like the latter in shape and colour, but beautifully marked with dark purple. N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam (gr. Mr. Murray), also received an Award of Merit for Fhaiocalanthe x Ruby (Phaius Sanderianus X Calanthe x Oakwood Ruby), a handsome hybrid, with rosy lilac sepals and petals, and a deep purple lip, with darker lines on the crest. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), received an Award of Merit for Cypripedium x Felicity (? callosum X tonsum), a charming thing, having the dorsal sepal pale green at the base, pale lilac above, veined with emerald green, and white at the apex, and the petals and lip greenish, tinged and veined with rose. H. Whitely, Esq., Priory Lawn, Kenilworth (gr. Mr. Cook), also received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum crispum Mabel Whateley, a very heavily blotched form, with broad segments. C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan), received a Cultural Commendation for three well-flowered plants of Odontoglossum brevifolium. G. Taylor, Esq., Margery Hall, Reigate (gr. Mr. Seaman), also received a Cultural Commendation for a fine specimen of Dendrobium speciosum, bearing ten spikes, from one to two feet long. M. C. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill (gr. Mr. Buckell), sent a fine form of Odontoglossum Rossii. D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., Uxbridge (gr. Mr. Hooker), sent a fine form of Cypripedium villosum. F. Hardy, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), sent flowers of three hybrid Cypripediums. R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman), sent Cypripedium x Argo-Arthurianum, a finely spotted Hower. H. F. Simonds, Esq., Woodthorpe, Beckenham (gr. Mr. Day), sent a pale yellow, slightly spotted form of Odontoglossum X Adriane. G. Singer, Eeq., Counden Court, Coventry (gr. Mr. Collier), sent Cypripedium x coundonensis, a fine hybrid, recalling C. x Leeanum, but heavily spotted on the broad petals. R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Streatham (gr. Mr. Black), sent Dendrobium X Ellisii album (nobile albiflorum x Hildebrandii) a pretty white form. W.C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), sent a pretty rosy form of Odontoglossum crispum. 92 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Messrs. F. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a remarkably fine group, which gained a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. It contained a fine series of. Lycaste Skinneri, including a dozen plants of L. S. alba, Cymbidium x Wiganianum (eburneum X Tracyanum), cream-white, with purple mark- ings on the lip, Miltonia X Bleuana, Zygopetalum x crinito-Gautieri, a fine Lelia Jongheana, Masdevallia Schroederiana, &c. A First-class Certificate was given to Zygocolax X Wiganianus superbus (Zygopetalum intermedium X Colax jugosus), and Awards of Merit to Lelio-cattleya x Chotetiana (L. superbiens X C. Mossiz), and Cypripedium x A. Dimmock (C. x Godseffanum X Drurii). ee Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a very fine and well-grown group of Dendrobiums, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, received Awards of Merit for Odontoglossum xX loochristiense enfieldense, a brightly coloured form with broad segments, and Lelio-cattleya x Chotetiana (L. superbiens X C. Mossiz). Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, sent two fine pans of Odontoglossum cirrhosum, Lelia X Mrs. M. Gratrix, L. x Coronet (cinna- barina X harpophylla), Lzlio-cattleya x Sunray, and L.-c. x Digbyano- Mossiz Heaton variety. MANCHESTER ORCHID. A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January 23rd last, when there was a fine display of Orchids. , J. Leernann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Edge), exhibited a magnificent form of Cypripedium x triumphans, called West. Bank House var. Both the form and colour were excellent, and the First-class Certificate previously awarded to this plant was confirmed. Lzelio-cattleya x Berthe Fournier var. splendens received a First-class Certificate. R. Tunstill, Esq., Burnley, staged a nice collection of plants, several good Cypripediums being prominent. C. x Mr. W. Mostyn (parentage not given) received an Award of Merit, anda fine C. x nitens magnificum had the First-class Certificate previously given to it confirmed. Other Cypripedes in this group were C. x Thompsoni var. inversum, C. X Mons. de Curte, and C. x aureum, Monkholme var. Several good Dendrobiums were also shown, viz., D. x splendidissimum Thompson’s var., D. nobile Berkeley’s var., D. x dulce Oakwood var., &c. A Vote of Thanks was accorded to the group. : G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Shill), exhibited Cypripedium insigne, New Hall Hey var.,a very good and distinct form, with rich colouring in the dorsal sepal, the spots being very large. An Award of Merit was given. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93 Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a nice group of plants, to which a Bronze Medal was given. Dendrobium xX Andromeda (D. X Cassiope X aureum philippinense), a flower of great purity and slightly scented, received an Award of Merit; another interesting plant from the same source being a hybrid from Cypripedium Haynaldianum x Chamberlain- ianum, the flower being intermediate, and partaking of the latter parent in its almost perpetual flowering habit. C. x J. Howes was also shown, and its previous award confirmed. Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, exhibited a good Odontoglossum, under the name of O. crispum var. guttatum xanthoglossum, which the Committee doubted, and asked to see the plant again. Mr. John Robson, Altrincham, staged a group of Odontoglossums, for which a Bronze Medal was awarded. O. crispum Robsoni, a fine round form, rather nicely marked, was voted an Award of Merit. A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden, exhibited Odontoglossum xX Wilcke- anum Vine House var., in its way something like Mr. Thompson’s O. X W. Golden Queen, but not so round. The petals were delicately fimbriated and gave acharming character to the flower. It received a First-class. Certificate. 3 Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, staged a nice group of various Orchids, noticeable among which were several good forms of Cattleya Triane. A Bronze Medal was awarded. Cypripedium X Winnianum was submitted to the Committee but was passed over. Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, had a good set of hybrid Cypripedes, among which was a hybrid between C. callosum and C. Lawrenceanum, the pro- duct being a fine, bold flower. A Bronze Medal was accorded to the group, AT the meeting held on February 6th there was again a fine display. W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), received a Bronze Medal for a group containing some fine pans of Sophronitis grandiflora, and a few good Odontoglossums. O. crispum Jubilee received a First-class Certificate and a Cultural Certificate. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a fine group of Cypripediums, which gained a Silver Medal. A fine plant of C. X Lathamianum, in a six-inch pot, and bearing fourteen flowers, received a Cultural Certificate. From the Garden of the late Mrs. Briggs-Bury, Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), came Cypripedium x Beeckmanni, C. X aureum var. Pomona (Award of Merit), and a very fine C. xX Lilian Greenwood (First-class. Certificate). : Mrs. S. Gratrix, Whalley Range (gr. Mr. G. Cypher), sent the handsome: Lycaste X Balliz. 94 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Bradford, received a First-class Certificate for Lycaste X Charlesworthii, a handsome hybrid whose history we are unable to give. Messrs. F. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, received a First-class Certificate for Cattleya Trianz Our King, a handsome form with flaked petals. Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, received a Bronze Medal for a good group, consisting chiefly of Dendrobiums, with a good Lycaste Skinneri alba. ORCHIDS IN SEASON. SEVERAL beautiful flowers are sent from the collection of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Birmingham, by Mr. Mackay. Lzlio-cattleya xX Ophelia (Cattleya Bowringiana X Lelio-cattleya x elegans) is a very pretty little hybrid which is represented by a four-flowered inflorescence. The flowers much resemble the first-mentioned parent in shape and size, but the sepals are lilac-purple, the petals rather darker in colour, and the throat of the lip white, with the front lobe bright purple, which colour extends round the undulate margin asa narrow band. L.-c. Xx Tydea (C. Trianze X L. pumila) is another charming thing having rose- purple sepals and petals, and a very rich purple-crimson lip, with a pale throat, on which some purple lines stand out prominently. The hybrid known as Lelia X Mrs. M. Gratrix is represented by a fine flower, having a yellow fringed lip, and the sepals and petals tinged with reddish orange. Dendrobium is represented by three charming little hybrids, namely, D. x Schneiderianum (Findlayanum X aureum), D. xX Roeblingianum (nobile X Ruckeri), in which the latter parent predominates, both in shape and colour, almost to the exclusion of the other, and one called D. x Clio Chamberlain’s var. (D. X Ainsworthii splendidissimum Xx Wardjanum), - a beautiful ivory-white form, with a rich maroon-crimson ‘slightly feathered blotch on the disc. A flower of the beautiful Paphiopedilum x Calypso (Spicerianum xX Boxallii) is sent from the collection of Fred. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, by Mr. Stafford. It is comparable with P. x Latham- ianum, but has a much greater suffusion of purple in the dorsal sepal. A very curious form of P. x Bartelsii (P. Boxallii x callosum) is also sent, in which the dorsal sepal, petals, and front’ of the lip are irregularly striped with dark brown and green, something after the fashion of P. x Harris- janum marmoratum. There is alsoa curious twist about the flower, as seen in some others of this affinity, which gives it a deformed appearance the reverse of pleasing. | A beautiful series of Dendrobiums is sent from the Establishment of Mr. James Cypher, Queen’s Road Nursery, Cheltenham. The forms of D. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 95 nobile are very fine, and include D. n. nobilius, D. n. Cooksonianum, D. n. majus, a richly coloured form, with an expanse of 4} inches, and some others. D. X Ainsworthii is represented by the type and the varieties roseum, Cypheri, a still darker form, Leechianum, marginatum, in which the rose colour is chiefly found on the margin of the sepals and near the apex of the petals, and Leeanum. The others are the fragant D. aureum, D. X Dominianum, D. X Cybele and D. xX C. roseum, the latter a very richly coloured and beautiful variety. D. x Rubens var. Virgil, a fine light variety, and what is apparently a form of D. X Galatea. A flower of the rare Vanda X Charlesworthii is also sent, having been cut from an eight-flowered raceme. The white forms of Lelia anceps are said to have been fine in the collection, numbering about 400 blooms, but are now just over. A good flower of Cattleya Trianz delicata, from a newly imported plant, is sent from the collection of Arthur Dodd, Esq., Piedmont Villa, Aintree. It is from an importation made by Messrs. John Cowan & Co. Several beautiful Dendrobiums are sent from the collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., of Streatham, including D. nobile burfordiense, remarkable - for the disc-like markings on the lateral sepals, D. n. Ballianum, the pure white D. n. virginale,a good D. X Wiganiz, the charming D. Wardianum album, D. X Cybele nobilius, D. X melanodiscus and its varieties Rainbow, Pearl, and Dido, and the pretty little D. x Andromeda, the whole forming a charming little group. i enles NOTES. Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during March, on the 11th and 25th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock, noon. The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March 6th and 2oth. The Orchid Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection from 1 to 3 p.m. We are informed that Mr. F. Sander has taken into partnership his three sons, Conrad Fearnley, Frederick Kropp, and Louis Lohmann, and that the business will henceforth be carried on at St. Albans and Bruges under the style of Sander & Sons. Mr. J. Godseff will act as Manager, as before. We have received the Descriptive Catalogue of Orchids of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, containing a fine series of species, varieties, and hybrids. 96 [THE ORCHID REVIEW. ORCHID PORTRAITS. CALANTHE X VEITCHII.—/Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 161, with fig. CypRIPEDIUM HayNALDIANUM.—Gard. World, xviii., p. 363, with fig. CYPRIPEDIUM X LEEANDER CAMBRIDGE LODGE vAR.—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 68, with fig. CYPRIPEDIUM X MoRGANI&.—Garden, 1902, lix, p. as, with fig. CyprIPEDIUM X Mrs. ALFRED Mostyn.— Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p- 101, with fig. CYPRIPEDIUM X Mrs. Wm. Mostyn.—Gard. Chron., 1902, XXXi., p. 75, fig. 28. CYPRIPEDIUM X VAN IMSCHOOTIANUM.—A mer. Gard., XXill., p. 103, fig. 25. CyPRIPEDIUM X VENUS OAKWOOD VAR.—Gard. Chron., 1902, XxXXi., p- 91, fig. 3t ; Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 123, with fig. DENDROBIUM NOBILE COOKSONIANUM.—Gard. World, xviii., p. 364, with fig. | DENDROBIUM TAURINUM.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxi., p. 90, fig. 30. L#&LIA ANCEPS CHAMBERLAINIANA.—Gard. Chron., 1902, Xxxl., p. 71, fig. 27; Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 101, with fig. L#&LIO-CATTLEYA X QUEEN ALEXANDRA.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 181, with fig. CORRESPONDENCE. pag ie Salat not agitbhgc here may find replies to their queries on other pages, im some cases, for various reasons, they may wd over for a future issue. In edlings sent ee name, the ans and history should always be Breny stated, for without these iielaite we aren vot always able to deal with them satisfactorily.) A. D. Cattleya Triane delicata. This particular form seems to be fairly common among importations. R. G.T. Dendrobium nobile Sandere is a much darker form. X. Y. Z. From your description, we suspect that the Rust which is running through your Cypripedes arises from an attack of yellow thrip, and the fumigations may have been ineffectual because some of the insects are concealed in the young growths. A little tobacco powder dropped in, is a useful remedy for this. We could decide better on seeing a leaf. CRASSINODE., Odontoglossum crispum, Coelogyne cristata, Cypripedium insigne and >» Leeanum, Dendrobium nobile and its hybrids, Cattleya labiata and Mossiz would be suitable. Too many kinds should not be attempted for cut flowers, and you should aim at keeping something like a succession of bloom, and study the local market. There are other good kinds which you might be able to introduce. R. G. C, Dendrobium nobile albiflorum, but the disc rather more purple than usual. It is small, but may improve with culture. Photographs received, with thanks. R.R., C.C.H.,A.W.H. Received. J.M., R.G.T., R.Y,, E. F.P., 0.0. W., E. F.C. The Hybridist and several notes are unavoidably postponed. MURRAY’S PATENT ORCHID STAND. the destructive fungoid growth arising from stagnant air. Facilitates the easy distribution of water and air around the plants. Isolates each plant and renders it less liable to be attacked by insect pests. Is the first clean, effectual, and practically indestructible article ever offered for the Effectually prevents purpose cf the necessary raising of the plants above the staging to ensure a free circulation of air. Invented and patented by William Murray, Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam. Price List containing full information ro The United Wire Works, Ltd., TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! A. J. KEELING, Orchid Grower, Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks, For all the Choicest and most Popular Varieties. ew & Rare Cypripediums & Dendrobiums my speciali Please write for General Catalogue, f post free on pplication. — for the Valuation and Sale and Purchaes of Frnt both collection Varietie H. A. BURBERRY’S system of personally Giving Ad- vice and Demonstrating Methods of Orchid Cultivation insures suc- cess and satisfaction. One gentleman says: ‘I consider your visit has been worth £100 to me.” All*desirous of having the ee of his long experience in matter affecting the welfare of their Orchids, should communicate wit im, and e will be glad to wait on ‘them when in the vicinity, at a very small fee. H. A. B. attends Orchid Sales, and will be pleased to receive com: missions to buy for those who cannot attend. Ethel House King’s Heath, BIR RMINGHAM., ADDRESS : SANDER’S QRCHID GUIDE ONTAINING ALL THE nese KNOWN SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION. Their native countries, descriptions of the plants and flowers, season of flowering, best method of cultiva tion, temperatures, watering, potting, ventilation, &e Concise, reliable, instructive & useful, together with NAMES and PARENTAGES of all the KNOWN HYBRID ORCHIDS Arranged in tabular, alphabetical form so that al Hybrids derived from each species or hybrid may be ascertained at a glance. O pages, strongly bound. Indispensable alike to Amateur & Expeit. Price 10s. 6d. Fr SANDER © Co. ST. ALBANS. STANLEY, ASHTON & Co., SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N., (+= importing the FINEST ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Colombia produces. and guarantee all their plants. All buyers of the true “Native Pacho” should write; they are promised fullest satisfaction in advance. ORCHIDS. THE AMATEUR.ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S WE are continually teceiving large im- GUIDE BOOK, ee BY tations of Brazilian and other Orchids, H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.ELS. and will be pleased to quote prices for large | An excellent practical treatise on Orchid Culture, or small quantities. with four coloured plates, containing 40 species, Sphagnum Moss, best quality, at 5/- per Sack and numerous photo-illustrations. HOOLEY BROS., | ira Zaition. In cloth, price 516, post free 3mporters and Growers, ——__—___—_ BITTERNE PARK, SOUTHAMPTON, “ORCHID REVIEW” OFFICE. Orchids! Orchids! 999999000099600000000660000600600 JOHN COWAN & CO. HAVE AN IMMENSE STOCK OF ORCHIDS CONSISTING OF Tens of Thousands of HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS, in great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing of Private Collections and otherwise. They earnestly invite the inspection of intending purchasers. Company are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts The of the world, all of which they Offer for Sale by Private Treaty as they come to hand, wt very reasonable Prices. Descriptive and Priced Catalogues of their Stock of Established Orchids, as well as of each importation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post Free on application to the Company: Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool. FUST PUBLISHED. The Woodlands Orchids DESCRIBED AND ILLUSTRATED. WITH STORIES OF ORCHID COLLECTING. DY FREDERICK - BOYice, Coloured Plates by J. L. MACFARLANE, F.R.H.8S, 4to, Gilt Edges, 24s. net. 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Over 3 years Orchid grower to the Right Hon. Chamberlain, é arried when aiited. —16 Turnford Plas. bourne, Herts. nr, A SPECIALITY. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. Heaton, BRADFORD, _ Have a large and fine stock of established Bea Dh crete teria and imported ORCHIDS. INSPECTION INVITED. His Majesty the re ORCHIDS ! ORCHIDS! ! QUANTITY IMMENSE. Inspection of our New Range of Houses IS CORDIALLY INVITED BY HUGH LOW & C0., BUSH HILL PARK, MiDDEASEA, ORCHIDS. “Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at sens Prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY. = Please write for List. JAMES CYPHER, EXOTIC NURSERIES, Se ViBLT EN HAM. “ORCHIDS! 1 ORCHIDS !! Just Ratan. 5 Sea A GRAND IMPORTATION OF VANDA CC:RULEA, And other EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. PRICES, WITH SAMPLES, ON APPLICATION. aw. MooRE, LTD,, Orchid Importers, RAWDON, near LEEDS. | fd. WEEKS & GCO.,: Ltd, horticultural Puilders ‘To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, H.M. Government, seine. Royal Hort. Soc. yal Bo Parks and Public puaree TELEGRAPH, Speed J aeraatinis *? LONDON, TELEPHONE, No. 8728. nH. n pL.n ] i Patent Upright Tubular Boilers, KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. MANCHESTER & NORTH OF : ENGLA eo ND Orchid ‘Society. vaRTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MASKE? LACE, MANCHESTER. NG of the COMMITTEE e Orchids HEADQ The next “MEET for the purpos of a submitted w 2 oclock ae *clock to 2 oO ax: p-m. WRATHEHS Hon ical Se Manchester ORCHID HOUSES A SPECIALTTY. FOR Conservatories, Orchid Houses, Ferneries, Cucumber and Melon Houses, Vineries, ete. GRISPIN’S, FOR All Classes of Hot Water Boilers and Heating Apparatus. & Pane by R. Ww. SIMPSON & Co., Ltd., Richmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey. ae » Qe eee. Subscriptions for 1902, are now due. APRIL, 1902, ‘Bn Zllusteated npontbly journal, DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY. Contents. : PAGE : esGaleadar of Operations for April 121 | Leelio-cattleya X Ida ttleya “Trianz abnormal (Fig. 12). 120 | Ceiostos one : bellatulum ; “*Cotrespindéne 6, -&e. ... 128 ° QOdontoglossum X Vuylstekei ... § Culture of Orchids i in leak. mould... 126 | Paphiopedilum x Dowlingianum “10 Culture of Orchids in sphagnum rss dae Paphiopedilum =< Huntert -< 16 _ Dendrobium linger oA ig. ee ce 1G _ Paphiopedilam X Nemesis re es Orchidian lS OF. Paphiopedilum x a pccearag Ep pasieeaa: settle 5: .. 104 | Lycaste brevispatha (Fig. we Epiph ... 102 | Mendel’s law of cite aris ret. cy Orchid Cultivation... ... 108 | Notes vy ae f | ee 99 | Orchi ds in season in me oe Combiticer x Lowio-grandifiorum roo | Orchid Portraits “ys es va Dendrobium x Achilles ... ..« £Ot, | Societies... Dendrobium xX Cypheri... — ... 100 Manchester & North of England 2 Dendrobium <-“@phifi: 0505 ty reo: [s+ Or ve Sees | st ae Se x - Choletiana cis OO = Rove! 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Price, 7s. 6d.; by post, 7s. 94. ae Part IL.—CATT beh wecrtlees oe LAtLIA. Price, 10s. 6d.; by post, 10s. 9d. 9d. ae - | Pp Part IIl—_DENDR Price, 10s. ; by post, 10s. 9 Part TV,-O¥PRIPEDIOM, Price 10s. 6d.; by post, 10s. 94. Part V._MASDEVALLIA and allied genera. Prine, 7s. 6d.; by post, ‘ Part nV Ppt oe PSIS, AHRIDES, VANDA, &c. Price, Be. * : by — X.-GENERAL REVIEW f the ORC B. Price, Los. 64.; . cee ae of the ORCHIDEA:. ' 2 ag in Two Volumes neatly bound in Cloth for £5 5s. 4 limited number of large paper copies (gio), a at proportionately high s, fe ly higher prices ; _ -&brary edition, printed by pecial request, can be supplied direct from this Nurser >: _ JAMES VEITCH & SONS, LTD., ‘ovat Erotic 544, KING’S ROAD. CHELSEA, S.W. THE ORCHID “REV LEW. MOL: Shel APRIL, 1902. [No. 112. DIES ORCHIDIANI. THERE seems to be a considerable diversity of opinion as to the value of the new compost for Orchids, and I suspect that M. Linden’s remark, at page 76, that the precise nature of the potting materials is not of primary importance, if the treatment is correct in other respects, is not very wide of the mark. Most of the composts used contain humus in some form or another, and humus-loving plants probably do not trouble as to the particular way in which their wants are supplied, provided always that they are not completely overlooked, in which case the grower will soon know all about it. But I cannot agree with the remark that the new compost will only be of service to those who do not know how to cultivate Orchids, for it is being tried by expert Orchid growers, some of whom report very favourably upon it for certain kinds. I think we have yet to find out to some extert how to use it, for there can be little doubt that a judicious combination with other ingredients would be more suitable for certain kinds than if used pure. For example I am told that certain Cypripedes do not do well in it, which perhaps is not remarkable when we know that some of these plants grow in crevices of rocks, where the soil is certainly not pure leaf-mould, though traces of it are present. Many terrestrial Orchids grow naturally in a mixture of loam and leaf-mould, and there is no reason to suppose that a compost of pure leafsmould would be an improvement, but rather the reverse. And there is the mechanical composition of the compost to consider, and its capacity for retaining the necessary amount of air and water. It is very satisfactory to find that experiments are being made, for by this means the facts are sure to come out, and the precise value of the new compost will be better understood. The remark about sphagnum is a little difficult to follow. Living sphagnum may be an excellent material in which to resuscitate plants that 98 THE ORCHID REVIEW. have fallen into bad health, just the same as invalids’ diet is sometimes necessary for a patient in bad health, but no one would recommend the treatment to be continued permanently. Of course pure sphagnum might serve to grow certain Orchids to perfection, just as it would fail for certain others, and the fact that pure sphagnum is not generally used to-day asa compost shows that more suitable materials have been discovered. Before leaving the subject I would suggest that some of those who have followed the new system for some time should bring a few of their plants to the forthcoming Temple Show, duly labelled, so that we can compare them with those grown by advocates of the old system. Better still it would be to see the results of the two systems tried side by side. After speaking of the new compost, I may turn for a moment to what might not inaptly be termed the new nomenclature, as exemplified in such names as Lelia anceps Hollidayana Crawshayana, L. a. Hilliana rose- fieldensis and L.a. Amesiana Theodora, all of which have recently appeared. And I would ask seriously are such inordinately attenuated sesquipedalian names really necessary? We recognise genus, species, and variety, and I suppose the fourth addition may be taken to represent subvariety, but does this represent finality? The Gardeners’ Chronicle report speaks of the latter as “a further extension of the fine L. a. Amesiana Crawshayana,” so I suppose its full name should be Lelia anceps Amesiana Crawshayana Theodora, which would be a further extension of name, as well as of character, but for the fact that at present the line is drawn at four names, and something has to be left out. Of course, the line must be drawn somewhere, but when one remembers that the specific name of some hybrids consists of three words, and that we may have both varieties and subvarieties of them, the prospect is some- what alarming. It is a common thing nowadays to find that variations of both ranks are distinguished by the addition of two or three words each, as if one was not sufficient. Once more, Where are we going ? These names are not by any means isolated examples, but rather types of a class which is becoming too common. Some time ago an attempt was made to form an organisation for ‘‘ dealing with the nomenclature of Orchids upon common sense lines” (see p. 23), but nothing has at present come of it. Whether the above names are intended as examples of the proposed nomenclature, or only to show the pressing need of the said organisation, the reader must decide. I cannot. ARGUS. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 99 THE HYDBRIDIST. L&LIo-CATTLEYA X CHOLETIANA.—This is a handsome hybrid, raised from Cattleya Mossiz 9 and Lelia superbiens ¢, for which Messrs. Dallemagne et Cie., of Rambouillet, received a First-class Certificate of Merit at a meeting of the Société Nationale d’Horticulture de France on February 13th last. It is dedicated to M. Cholet, chef de culture of the firm. Plants were also exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S., on February 25th last, by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and Messrs. F. Sander & Co., each of whom received an Award of Merit for it. A flower has been kindly sent us by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. It can best be compared with a greatly enlarged form of L. superbiens, somewhat modified in shape, the petals being 33 inches long by nearly 14 inches broad, and the lip distinctly three- lobed, 23 inches long, and the obovate undulate front lobe 14 inches broad. The sepals and petals are blush-pink in colour, and the lip light rose, with a large buff blotch in the throat, and the side lobes veined throughout with purple. It appears to vary somewhat in colour, for Messrs. Dalle- magne exhibited a variety pallida together with the type. It is a fine thing, but owing to the strong influence of the pollen parent will probably require some room for its full development. ODONTOGLOSsUM X BELLATULUM.—A handsome hybrid, raised by M. Charles Vuylsteke, Loochristi, Ghent, it is believed from O. Pescatorei ? and Q.sceptrum ¢, and bearing a general resemblance to O. X Horsmanii. The flower sent has the general shape, and broad sepals and petals of the two parents, with the crest and column wings fairly intermediate. The ground colour is pale yellow, slightly suffused with brownish, the sepals having three very large broad brown blotches, and the petals one largish | blotch above the middle, and very numerous smaller ones below it, also_ many small blotches on the lip. M. Vuylsteke has some other seedlings in flower, which conform to the type, but vary somewhat among themselves. It is interesting to find that continued progress is being made in hybridising this very beautiful genus. OvoNTOGLossuM X VUYLSTEKEI.—This is another of M. Vuylsteke’s seedlings, and a great beauty, but unfortunately the parentage has been lost. M. Vuylsteke remarks that he has tried almost all the possible crossings between the finest Odontoglossums, and some of the seeds have got mixed. But there are some clear indications to work upon. The substance, colour, and heavy markings, the shape of the lip, its adnation to the column, and the details of the crest and column wings, all point strongly to O. triumphans as one parent, and if M. Vuylsteke had crossed this species with O. tripudians, some such hybrid as this should have been the result. This point, however, must be left for the future to clear up. The sepals and 100 THE ORCHID REVIEW. petals are broader and shorter than in O. triumphans, and almost entirely very deep red-brown, the light yellow markings being chiefly at the apex and margin, with a narrow irregular transverse line about the middle, and one or two small blotches near the base. The lip is whitish, with about five irregular dark brown blotches. The crest consists of two largish teeth, with scarcely a trace of lateral ones, and the large column wings are some- what toothed. We shall hope to see other seedlings as they flower, that the doubtful points may be cleared up. DENDROBIUM X OpuHir.—A charming hybrid raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, from D. aureum ? and D. signatum ¢, and quite intermediate in character. The flowers sent are good in shape, the sepals and petals bright yellow in colour, and the lip similar, with a deep yellow somewhat pubescent disc, and some traces of the aureum markings. DENROBIUM X CyYPHERI.—A pretty hybrid raised from D. Findlayanum g and D. crassinode ¢, by Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenham, and most like the former in general character. The flowers are white, tipped with light purple on all the segments, and the disc deep orange yellow, with a zone of radiating brown lines at the base, forming a sort of ring round the column. CyMBIDIUM X LowIO-GRANDIFLORUM.—A fine hybrid raised by Messrs James Veitch & Sons, from Cymbidium Lowianum ¢ and C. grandiflorum g , to which an Award of Merit was given by the R.H.S. on February 11th last, under the above name. The plant is comparable with an improved form of C. Lowianum, which it resembles in general character, with the addition of some red-brown spots on the lip, and these are situated at the ‘base of the front lobe and apex of the side lobes, near the margin. It is in .this character that the influence of C. grandiflorum is best seen. It differs. from the natural hybrid C. x TAnsoni, among other characters, in the absence of brown lines from the sepals and petals. Flowers have been kindly sent by Messrs. Veitch. Pap uM X HvuNTERI.—A large and handsome hybrid sent. from the collection of W. S. Steel, Esq., Philiphaugh, Selkirk, by Mr. Thompson. Its parents are P. tonsum @ and P. X beilatulum ¢, and it most resembles the latter in shape. The dorsal sepal measures two: inches long and the same broad, and the petals 23 inches long, by over ti inches broad. The ground colour of the flower is very light purple almost throughout, and the petals bear numerous small darker purple dots. PAPHIOPEDILUM X NEMEsIS.—A hybrid raised in the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Poyntz), from P. X Williamsianum ? and P. Boxallii atratum 3, and fairly intermediate between the parents, of which blooms are also sent for comparison. It is. most like the pollen parent in shape, but lighter in colour. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 1CI PAPHIOPEDILUM X PRESTONENSE.—A hybrid raised in the collection of C. Parker, Esq., Ashton-on-Ribble, Preston, between P. X marmoro- phyllum ¢@ and P. Argus ¢, and most resembling the latter. The dorsal sepal is rather broader than in P. Argus, and lined with green on a pale ground, the petals handsomely spotted with dark brown, and the lip intermediate. L#LIO-CATTLEYA X Ipa.—A pretty little hybrid raised in the collection of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, Highbury, Birmingham, from Lelia harpophylla ¢ and Cattleya Lawrenceana 3, which has just reached the flowering stage. The flower sent most resembles the Lelia in shape, but is enlarged to 4} inches in diameter across the petals. The sepals and petals are light-buff in colour, with a faint tinge of purplish towards the margin. ‘The lip is three-lobed, with the tube and side lobes light buff, the throat nearly white, and the recurved obovate oblong and undulate front lobe is of a pleasing light purple shade. It is smaller and lighter in colour than L.-c. X highburiensis, the corresponding hybrid with L. cinna- barina, but it is obviously undeveloped at present. DENDROBIUM X ACHILLES.—This is a large and handsome hybrid raised in the same collection as the preceding, from Dendrobium X primu- linum ¢. and D. x Ainsworthii Leechianum ¢. It most resemblesthe latter in general character, but the large maroon blotch is not so distinctly feathered at the margin. The sepals and petals are satiny white, very prettily tipped with light rose purple, a colour also found at the apex of the lip. Except in the presence of the large maroon blotch there is a certain resemblance to the natural hybrid D. X Pitcherianum, which is readily accounted for by the fact that both are composed of D. primulinum one- half, but the other half of D. x Pitcherianum, namely D. nobile, is replaced in the present hybrid by one-fourth D. nobile and one-fourth D. aureum. PAPHIOPEDILUM X DowLiINGIANUM.—A very charming little hybrid raised by W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, from P. insigne punctato-violaceum ? and P. X Godefroye leucochilum ¢, to which an Award of Merit was given by the R.H.S. on February 25th last, under the name of Cypripedium xX Dowlingianum (not Dowlerianum, as reported at p- 91). A flower from another plant out of the same batch is now sent by Mr. Appleton, who remarks that although smaller than the certificated plant it shows the markings much more distinctly. It has the dwarf habit and the general shape and ground colour of the pollen parent, with rather narrower petals, and the dorsal sepal bears four rows of large purple blotches, and some smaller spots on either side, while the spots on the petals aré small and numerous. It is a very promising little hybrid. 102 THE ORCHID REVIEW. EPIPHYTES. Notes ofa lecture given at a meeting of the Kew Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement Society on January 20th, 1902. By R. Allen Rolfe, A.L.s. Epiphytes have been defined as plants which live or grow upon other plants without deriving their sustenance from them, and thus they can be readily distinguished from parasites, which absorb their nutriment direct from their hosts. It is much more difficult to draw a line of demarcation between epiphytes and terrestrial plants, for the latter are sometimes found growing in accumulations of decaying vegetable matter upon trees, and some plants seem almost independent of station if other conditions are suitable. There are, however, many plants whose sole habitat seems to be the bark of trees, and others which are rarely found except in accumulations of decaying vegetation in forks of the branches and crevices of the trunks, and to these the name epiphytes is applicable. One usually thinks of Orchids in this connection, but there are many other Orders which contain epiphytic representatives, while many Orchids are purely terrestrial. Putting aside the lower Cryptogams, among which epiphytes are numerous, we find that the genus Lycopodium is largely epiphytic through- out the tropics. Among Ferns several genera are largely epiphytic. Bromeliacez is a large Tropical American Order containing many epiphytic representatives. Aroidez also contains many epiphytes, while among Orchids we find that a large proportion of the tribes Epidendree and Vandez belong to this class, in fact they are found almost throughout the tropics where the conditions are favourable. Among Dicotyledens we find numerous epiphytes among Piperaceze, Urticaceze (Ficus and Dorstenia), various Cacti, Begonias, several genera of Melastomacez, many Vacciniacez, some Rhododendrons among the Eriaceez, numerous Gesneracee and Rubiacez (the Myrmecodia group among the latter being specially note- worthy), and a few representatives of several other Orders. Although there are many plants whose sole habitat is the bark of trees, the dead bark does not always form the base from which their nutriment is derived. The trees often only serve as supports by means of which the plants raise themselves out of darkness into light. Such plants grow from stem or branches and send down absorptive roots into the soil, some of these roots being of enormous length. Here then is another difficulty in defining the term epiphyte, for these plants are closely analagous to climbing lianas, the difference being that the climber has its anchorage in the soil of the forest floor, and climbs up into the sun and light by means of any support that presents itself, while the other class germinates on the branches, and sends down roots to the soil in search of food. Many plants might be termed pseudo-epiphytes, for they grow in THE ORCHID REVIEW. 103 accumulations of decaying vegetable matter, regardless of situation if the other conditions are favourable. As time goes on particles of inorganic dust collect in the forks of the branches and rents and fissures of the bark of old trees, and these get mixed with fallen leaves and twigs and particles of crumbled bark, forming a vegetable mould which is an excellent soil for a large number of plants. So much is this the case that plants which are normally terrestrial are often found in such situations. It has been well said that Nature has very few unoccupied places, and these plants have established themselves there because the conditions are favourable. The plants which we are particularly speaking of are largely tropical and sub-tropical. In cold regions the plants that grow in the mould of the bark are for the most part mosses, liverworts and lichens, but in the tropics such situations form the rallying ground for a host of ferns and flowering plants. Small ferns are so numerous as to wreath the trunks, and with these are found Aroideze, Orchids, Bromeliads, &c. It has been remarked that the Bromeliads chiefly ornament the forks of the trunks, while Orchids, Dorsteniez and the various species of Rhipsalis grow on the upper surfaces of branches that ramify horizontally, while Aroidee and Begonias take root for the most part on the surfaces of high erect trunks. The bark itself, that is the cortical layer, dead, but not yet crumbled and mouldered into dust, forms a nutrient substratum for a series of plants of various affinity—lichens, fungi, mosses, and higher plants. Even in the case of tropical Orchids growing on a substratum of bark, if the roots are forcibly detached, little fragments of the bark will be found torn off with the rhizoids at the places where they issue from the stems. The majority no doubt nestle in the mould-filled crevices in the bark, and nourish them- selves, besides, by means of special aérial roots which hang down in white ropes and threads, like a mane, from the places where the plants are situated. Some of these roots are flattened, and adhere firmly to the bark with their flat surfaces, like the roots of Phalznopsis Schilleriana, and on the under surface, behind the growing point, is a whitish fur, consisting of Short, thickly packed, absorptive cells, and these adhere so tightly that itis often easier to detach small pieces of the bark than the root itself. Similar conditions have been observed in the roots of many other epiphytes. A curious fact has been observed in connection with these plants, namely, that when transferred to loose earth, devoid of humus, they languish, because their roots are unable to enter into union with a support of such loose texture, and this is true of most tropical Orchids that live upon bark. It has also been observed that the seeds of such Orchids do not germinate on a loose substratum, but when on the bark of a tree they germinate, and develop into healthy plants. When steep rocks occur near clumps of trees it is not umeommon for the 104 THE ORCHID REVIEW. same species of plant to occur upon both, because both are furnished with deposits of humus, on which these plants thrive. The two habitats have something in common, and hence a number of pseudo-epiphytes are in- different to their particular situation, provided they can obtain the neces- sary supplies of food and moisture. These are somewhat analagous to some of the saprophytes of deep, shady woods. The latter, although terrestrial, grow almost entirely upon humus, or decaying vegetable matter, which is so essential to them that they cannot exist in soils deficient in humus. These are mentioned to show in what respect the two groups have a common character. (To be continued.) EPIDENDRUM PUMILUM. THIs rare and interesting little plant has again appeared in cultivation, having flowered with Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford. It is a native of Costa Rica, and was described in 1893 (Rolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1893, p- 171) as follows :—‘‘A pretty little species, allied to E. Endresii, Rchb. f. (apparently the nearest ally which has yet appeared), but very different in the shape of its leaves and the colour of its flowers. It was imported by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, with whom it flowered in January, 1890. Early in the present year it was also received for determination from Mr. F. W. Moore, Glasnevin Botanic Garden. The sepals and petals are light greenish yellow, also the lip, with the exception of the orange-yellow callus. The column is very pale green below, nearly white above. Asin E. Endresii, the sheaths of the leaves are covered with small brown warts.” It belongs to a small but ill-defined group, for which Reichenbach in 1852 proposed the generic name (Erstedella (Bot. Zeit., x., P- 932), on account of its petaloid column, but afterwards united with Epidendrum (Beitr. Orch. Cent. Amer., p. 37). The original species is E. centropetalum (Rchb. f. in Bot. Zeit., x., p. 732), which was collected on the Chiriqui Volcano, at 7,000 feet altitude, by Warscewicz, and has rose- coloured flowers. The other two species are E. Endresii and the present one. E. centropetalum never seems to have been introduced to cultivation, _but it has been figured from dried specimens, under the name of (Erstedella centropetala (Rchb. f. Xen. Orch., i., p. 40, t. 17, fig. 2), together with CE. centradenia (/.c., p. 39, t. 17, fig. 1), which proves to be only a form of the same species. It would be interesting to introduce this species to culti- vation, as, from its dwarf habit and rose-coloured flowers, it should prove as attractive as E. Endresii. R. A. ROLFE. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105 DENDROBIUM SPECIOSUM. THE annexed illustration represents a remarkable specimen of Dendrobium speciosum, grown in the garden of J. G. Cribb, Esq., Milton, Brisbane, SPECIOSUM. DENDROBIUM FIG. 10. Queensland, bearing sixty-three spikes open at the same time. The photo- graph has been kindly sent for reproduction by the Right Hon. Joseph 106 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Chamberlain, M.p., who had received it from J. M. Davidson, Esq., Stanley Street, South Brisbane. The plant is growing on the branches of a tree in the open air, and thriving in a way never seen in European hot-houses. It is a native of the East Coast of Australia, and is found in various localities in Queensland, New South Wales, and Victoria. It was the first Australian Orchid introduced to England, and was obtained by Sir Joseph Banks in 1801. Lindley, in figuring the plant, in 1833 (Bot. Reg., t. 1610), re- marked :—‘‘ Scarcely any plant is more common than this in collections near London; so readily is it cultivated that it rarely happens that a gardener does not succeed in keeping it, and multiplying it abundantly: tied to a stick or planted in earth, preserved in a greenhouse or stimulated in a stove, in all cases it preserves the deep green of its leaves. But it seldom flowers.” He then emphasized the necessity of growing it strongly, as it was when the pseudobulbs were twice the size of those usually seen that it produced its stately and beautiful racemes of wax-like flowers. It is now known that vigorous growth, followed by a very thorough rest, are the secrets of success. We may conclude with a very interesting paragraph from Fitzgerald’s Australian Orchids (vol. ii), where the species is figured :—‘‘ Dendrobium speciosum, about thirty years ago, was common on all the sandstone cliffs about Sydney, and on all such outlying rocks as were large enough to afford safety from bush fires; none are now to be found except in gardens, and every year the circle is enlarging within which it is disappearing never to return. The ‘ Rock Lily,’ as it is called, will never again be found in the localities from which it has been removed, or multiply in those to which it has been taken. It may produce seed, but the seed never grows, and at length the old plants must die never to be replaced. I have sown millions of seeds in the most favourable situations without success, and evea in places where it has not been disturbed, though the plants be numerous, very few indeed are young. On the bare or moss-covered rock (at least at the southern portion of its habitat) is the place where the Rock Lily grows, but this only because it is the only place on which its seeds vegetate, for when the plants are removed and given a liberal supply of rich mould and old manure they improve wonderfully. . . . In some places, however, where the soil accumulates about them and is composed of leaf-mould and ashes blown upon them, they may be found equally fine. There are exceptional years in which there is a general flowering of all the plants in a district, but Dendrobium speciosum never flowers freely in succeeding years.” But even Mr. Fitzgerald succeeded in germinating hybrid seeds, and keeping the young plants for some years, until they were devoured by a large hairy caterpillar, and there can be no doubt that the seeds germinate THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107 freely enough in localities where the conditions are favourable. And we may recall the interesting hybrid D. X Kingiano-speciosum from the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, which was described at page 107 of our fourth volume. MENDEL’S LAW OF INHERITANCE. MENDEL’s ‘‘Experiments in Plant Hybridisation” (see pp. 11, 45) though not directly concerned with Orchids, assumed a special importance because of an opinion expressed that his so-called ‘‘ Law” would be found to be ot general application. An important paper on the subject, by Dr. W. F. R. Weldon, has appeared under the title ‘‘ Mendel’s Laws of Alternative Inheritance in Peas’? (Biometrica, i, pp. 228-254, tt. I-2), in which it is shown that Mendel’s results do not always agree with those obtained by other observers, nor yet with the history of some well-known commercial varieties of Pea. Even Mendel’s ‘‘ dominant” and “ recessive” characters work out differently for other varieties. The question is gone into in detail, and there are two beautiful photographic plates showing the variations of (r) colour and (2) form in six or seven well-known varieties. We cannot enter into details, as the subject does not come within our scope, but the conclusions arrived at are important, in view of the opinion that Mendel’s Law would be found to be applicable to hybrids generally. Taking the net results of the various expetiments and observations sum- marized, Weldon concludes by saying—‘*‘I think we can only conclude that segregation of seed-characters is not of universal occurrence among cross- bred peas, and that, when it does occur, it may or may not follow Mendel’s Law. The law of segregation, like the law of dominance, appears therefore to hold only for races of particular ancestry. The fundamental mistake which vitiates all work based upon Mendel’s method is the neglect o ancestry, and the attempt to regard the whole effect upon offspring, produced by a particular parent, as due to the existence in the parent of particular structural characters, while the contradictory results obtained by those who have observed the offspring of parents apparently identical in certain characters show clearly enough that not only the parents themselves, but their race, that is, their ancestry, must be taken into account befure the result of pairing them can be predicted.” This objection should not apply to hybrid Orchids, obtained in the first place from distinct wild species, and an examination of these in the light of Mendel’s law would be interesting. The difficulty of applying the “Law ” to those hybrids which reproduce themselves true from seed has already been pointed out, and it seems possible that there may be another explanation of the facts. 108 THE ORCHID REVIEW. THE HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTIVATION. (Continued from vol. ix. p. 336.) WE have now reached a very important period in the History of Orchid Cultivation, for the year 1841 witnessed the inauguration of the Gardeners’ Chronicle, under the editorship of Dr. Lindley, and although Orchids did not at first occupy a very prominent place in its pages, it gradually became the medium in which most of the novelties were described, and its influence in other ways can hardly be over-estimated. The first number appeared on January 2nd, and we find notices of Oncidium pectorale, Catasetum laminatum, and Dendrobium macrophyllum eae 5 superbum), from the Sertum Orchidaceum; a short note in the Calendar of Operations, in which the use of sphagnum is recommended ; and an account of a meeting of the Horticultural Society on December Ist previous, in which we find among the exhibits :—‘‘Some beautiful specimens of Orchidaceous plants from Mrs. Lawrence; especially a Zygopetalum Mackaianum with thirteen spikes of flowers, and a noble plant of the old Epidendrum nutans. The latter, although its flowers are green, was, from the beautiful state of health, one of the most interesting objects in the room. A Silver Knightian Medal was assigned to these plants.” The following week we find an account of two small snails which were injurious to Orchids, particularly to Stanhopeas, hiding “by the dozen in the large bracts which enclose the buds,” but which might be trapped by means of cabbage leaves. On January 14th is given a plan and elevation of the ‘‘Orchidaceous House and Stove Aquarium” at Ealing Park, the residence of Mrs. Lawrence, mother of our present worthy President of the R.H.S. It was fifty feet broad, and consisted of three spans, and was heated by hot-water apparatus, “‘ constructed by J. Weeks, junior, in 1839, and has been found to answer well.” The Orchids were cultivated in baskets and on logs of wood, and suspended from the roof. Mr. Butcher, the gardener, refers to the many prizes which have been awarded to specimens from the collection, and then describes the method of treatment, using the genus Zygopetalum as an example. The only Orchid illustrated in the volume is Megaclinium Bufo, or the Toad Orchis, under the heading of “ Vegetable Reptiles.” It had been introduced from Sierra Leone, by Messrs. Loddiges, and a strange creature it is according to the description. It is not a little remarkable that at the present day nothing further is known about it. At page 564 is given a figure of an Orchid basket, made of elder wood with the bark on, which had been found useful for cultivating Stanhopeas in. At page 87 we find an account of fine specimens of Odontoglossum THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ 109 elatum and Epidendrum aloifolium in the collection of Mr. Harris, at Kingsbury. We have no idea what the former can be, but it is noted that “the flowers are very handsome, the sepals and petals being of a yellowish green, richly blotched with brown, and the lip of a delicate light pink colour.” Under the heading of “‘ Orchidaceous Epiphytes,” we find a series of three very interesting articles by Jas. Bateman, Knypersley. The author remarks :—‘“‘ The following table has been compiled from a note-book, in which I have been in the habit of entering the names and characters of what appeared to be first-rate Orchidacee (I use the phrase in its popular sense), as they successively showed themselves in the collections of this country. Embracing, as these entries do, a period of ten years, they may. perhaps, possess a sort of historical interest in the eyes of the veteran cultivator, while to the mere novice they wil] serve as landmarks in the formation of a collection.” The list refers to the period subsequent to 1831 only, in which the writer began his collection. It includes 147 species, of which 99 came from the new world (44 being Central American), and only 43 from the old. Taking the collections individually in which the species appeared, that of Messrs. Loddiges came first, with 31 species, the writer’s own second, with 17, and Mr. Barker’s third, with 10. ‘‘ The number of collectors,” it is remarked, ‘‘ would seem to have increased as. rapidly as the number of species in cultivation; in 1830 there were not. more than five or six collections of the slightest note, and in these were barely 100 species; the collections cannot now be counted, nor the species in their possession, but the latter may be estimated at 1,000 at the least.. It might be mentioned as a curious fact that the genera now in cultivation are more numerous than were the sfecies of ten years back; nay, the genus. Epidendrum alone now musters a greater array of species than were contained, at the period to which I refer, by all the other genera combined. As such a multitude of species, of course, comprehends many that are worthless, so it must necessarily lead to a selection of the best, for in a majority of cases the space devoted to Orchidaceze would be quite inadequate to the accommodation of so large a family as the order has. latterly become.” It may be interesting to summarise the Gardeners’ Chronicle report of a meeting of the Horticultural Society held at the Society’s Garden, at Chiswick, on June 12th, 1841—there were two others, on May 15th and July roth. After speaking of other plants, the report proceeds :—‘“ It now becomes necessary to say that, if judgment were to be pronounced without the exclusion of any plants because they are scare or expensive, the Orchidacez, so largely contributed to the exhibition, totally eclipsed every other class. Indeed the collection of this enchanting race was all that £10 THE ORCHID REVIEW. could be wished by their most ardent admirers. Above all the rest, both in position—for it was suspended from the roof of the tent—and in splendour, shone a magnificent plant of Dendrobium fimbriatum, which cast on all sides a rich and almost metallic glow from its golden blossoms ; so charmingly fringed round the labellum. Literally hundreds of flowers clothed both the old and young stems of this specimen, which was not more remarkable for its inflorescence than for the regular manner in which its half pendulous stems were arranged round the basket in which it was planted. Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting, furnished this plant.’’ Messrs. Rollisson also exhibited Dendrobium ccerulescens (a form of D. nobile), Epidendrum alatum, Leptotes bicolor, and an unnamed species both of Cyrtopodium and Acropera. Mr. Mylam, gardener to S. Rucker, Esq., brought Aérides odoratum, with nearly twenty racemes, ‘“‘the much- coveted ” Phalznopsis amabilis (now P. Aphrodite), Saccolabium guttatum, bearing five long racemes, Oncidium Lanceanum, Chysis aurea, two Stanhopeas, Vanda teres, and Cattleya Mossiz. George Barker, Esq., of Birmingham, exhibited Cattleya Aclandiz, Epidendrum aciculare, _Cyrtochilum stellatum (now Miltonia flavescens), Oncidium pulchellum, Maxillaria cristata (now Paphinia), and Odontoglossum cordatum. ‘‘ The long-looked for Schomburgkia tibicinis, having at length flowered in the stove of Sir T. Acland, was exhibited by Mr. Craggs.” Peristeria pendula was shown by Mr. Edmonds, gardener to His Grace the Duke of Devon- shire, Chiswick, and Oncidium flexuosum, “‘ evincing superior cultivation,” came from Mr. Bruce, gardener to B. Miller, Esq. The notice concludes : *“ In these notices of Orchidacee, and in all that have preceded them, it has been the intention to particularise and briefly describe only such as are worthy of general cultivation and regard, and of which the specimens shown furnish proof that they can be easily or successfully managed.” ; These extracts give us some very interesting glimpses into the state of ‘Orchid culture at this period, but we must pass on, and it may be added that as progress now became so rapid, and events followed each other with such rapidity, we shall only be able to glance at a few of the more important details, and thus indicate in some measure the steps by which the *‘cult ” has attained its present development. The Botanical Register for 1842 commenced with a description and figure of Cattleya granulosa, a new species of which a single specimen was said to exist in the garden of the Horticultural Society. It is said to have » been sent by Mr. Hartweg, from Guatemala, but this is evidently a complete mistake, for the species has long been known as a native of Brazil. The remarkable Cirrhopetalum Medusz was also described and figured for the first time (t. 12), when Lindley remarked, ‘Certainly, if - ever there was a Medusa this must be her prototype, before her Gorgon- THE ORCHID REVIEW. qit ship’s beautiful tresses were changed into serpents ; nor are wanting the . scales with which her body was safely guarded. We believe that this young lady was carried out of harm's way into the ocean of India by Neptune, and that all they te!l us about Perseus having cruelly killed her isa fable; for is not here the proof?” The species was introduced from Singapore by Messrs. Loddiges. The next plate (t. 13) shows Maxillaria cruenta (now known as Lycaste). It was introduced from Guatemala by Mr. Skinner, and flowered with Sir C. Lemon at Carclew. Three other remarkable novelties which we select for mention from this volume are Cypripedium barbatum, Lycaste Skinneri, and Odontoglossum citrosmum. Cypripedium barbatum (t. 17) was described as “a native of the Straits . of Malacca, where Cuming found it on Mount Ophir,” and the author observed, ‘‘ Messrs. Loddiges are, as far as I am aware, the only persons who have flowered it.” Here, too, we find the historical passage by Lindley :—“ There is something in the habit of the Indian Lady’s Slippers so peculiar, that it was for a long time expected that they would be found to possess characters sufficient to separate them from their allies.” Curiously enongh Lindley went on to point out the differences in- habit between the four types—the European and North American, the Indian, the singular Tropical American C. Lindleyanum, and the no less curious C. palmifolium, with the habit of a Sobralia—which are now recognised as forming perfectly distinct genera, though he failed to discover the peculiarities of organisation between them which are now known to exist. Maxillaria Skinneri (now known as Lycaste), which had been described in 1840 from dried specimens, now showed itself in its true character, and Bateman remarked :—“ This, the facile princeps of all known Maxillarias, has at length flowered in the collection of the Rev. John Clowes, with a vigour and beauty that could not be exceeded in its native parents. It is a native of Guatemala, and is another of the brilliant ere of the gentleman to whom I have ventured to dedicate it.”—Botanical Register, 1842, Misc., page ro. The beautiful Odontoglossum citrosmum, which had long been known to science, also flowered in cultivation for the first time, and Lindley remarked :—‘* This was the most remarkable novelty exhibited at the garden of the Horticultural Society in July, 1842. It had been given by Mr. Barker to T. Brocklehurst, Esq., of the Fence, from whose garden it was contributed.”’—1/.c. , p- 60. It is figured at t. 3 of the next volume. In the Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1842 we find very little of importance relating to Orchids, excepting reports of Shows, and not a single figure, but one or two notes are suggestive. Ina reply to J. T., Plymouth (page 97), as to the treatment of newly imported Orchids, we find a few general directions, concluding with the remark :—‘‘ There is no book on 112 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ the cultivation of Orchidaceous plants.” We also find an interesting note by C. W. on Cypripedium insigne :—‘‘ Allow me to call the attention of your readers to a plant calculated to ornament the drawing-room during the cheerless winter’s gloom, and one so easily managed as to be within the reach of most persons possessing only a limited garden. I allude to the Cypripedium insigne. On the 1st of December (1841) I placed eight plants in the drawing room : there they revelled in the greatest luxuriance for three successive months, and when taken out in March were as fresh and vigorous as the day they were put in.” (To be continued.) CULTURE OF ORCHIDS IN SPHAGNUM. In connection with the remark at page 76, that’ M. J. Linden used to cultivate his Orchids in living sphagnum, it may be interesting to know when and by whom sphagnum moss was first used as a potting material for Orchids. In the very first number of the Gardeners’ Chronicle (issued January 2nd, 1841), we find at page 8 a Calendar of the week’s operations, signed by Joseph Paxton, Chatsworth, in which the following occurs :— ‘“‘StovEs.—Re-pot Orchidaceous plants as they become dry enough for removal. Bog-moss (sphagnum) will be found the best material to pot them in, except the kinds which require raising above the pots, as Stanhopeas, for which peat must be used ; give air and water according to the state of the weather.” On March 6th following, we find further details on the subject (page 153), as follows :— “‘S. inquires what kind of Orchidaceous plants Mr. Paxton pots in sphagnum, as alluded to at page 8. Mr. Paxton’s answer is the following :—‘ It is now about twelve months since I commenced using sphagnum for Orchidacez ; since then, in consequence of the plants thriving excessively in it, I have been gradually adopting it for various kinds, and in every case with benefit. Even Stanhopeas, Gongoras, and others having pendulous flowers, and which it is the practice to build above the pots, I would recommend to be planted in wire baskets, and suspended in preference. In potting with this moss, the plants may be elevated con- siderably above the surface of the pots, by which means the principal mass of roots is prevented from adhering to its porous sides, and saved from injury in shifting. In a word, I recommend sphagnum, mixed with potsherds, in preference to anything I have hitherto seen used for the growth of Orchidacez.’”’ It would thus appear that the practice originated with Mr. Paxton, in the collection of the Duke of Devonshire, at Chatsworth, in 1840. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113 LYCASTE BREVISPATHA. THERE is a pretty little Lycaste generally cultivated under the name of Lycaste Lawrenceana, whose portrait is now reproduced from a photo- graph kindly sent by Frau Ida Brandt, of Zurich. Its correct name is a matter of some uncertainty. In the Allgemeine Garienzeitung for 1851 (xix., p. 217), it is described under the name of Maxillaria (Lycaste) brevispatha, Klotzsch, from a plant which flowered in the collection of Herr Nauen, and which had been collected in Guatemala, by Warscewicz. It was described as being allied to Maxillaria (Lycaste) leucantha, Klotzsch, but differing in having the bract shorter than the ovary, and other charac- ters. Again we find it figured and described, by Lindley, under the name Fic. 11. LYCASTE BREVISPATHA. of Lycaste leucantha, Klotzsch (Paxt. Fl. Gard., ii., pp. 37, 38, fig. 151, 152), but it is not the Maxillaria (Lycaste) leucantha, Klotzsch (Allg. Gartenz., 1850, p. 402), which is what Lindley intended. He observed that it was “remarkable for numerous varieties in the size and colour of the flowers. The first that blossomed, being quite white, received the provisional name of L. candida, now superseded by that of leucantha. . . . During the present spring others have appeared . . . . some of which, instead of being colourless, are richly stained with crimson.” On the strength of the remark just made, the species has since been called L. candida, but the name, as applied to this species, is quite misleading, and under the circumstances 114 THE ORCHID REVIEW. should, I think, be discarded. Iam uncertain whether Lindley’s note is later than that of Klotzsch, for the volume is dated 1851-2, and it makes a complication that Klotzsch reduced Lindley’s Lycaste to a section of Maxillaria. The paper containing Klotzsch’s description is dated July rath. L. Lawrenceana, according to Reichenbach (Walp. Ann., vi., p. 604), appeared subsequently as a garden name. Lindley’s original remark that it is among the dwarfest in the genus is still applicable, and some of its , forms are very brilliantly coloured. RoALR: SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. A MEETING of the above Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on March 11th, when there was a particularly fine display of Orchids. ; Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), received a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group of well-grown plants, including Dendrobium xX burfordiense, D. x Rolfez, D. X Dominianum, D. X Cybele, D. nobile Ballianum, D. xX melanodiscus Rainbow, a fine example of D. barbatulum, with over thirty fine spikes; the rare D. superbum Burkei, a finely-flowered specimen of D. X specioso-Kingianum, Masdevallia leontoglossa, M. triangularis, M. x MHincksiana, the orange M. X xanthino-Veitchiana, and the bright en Sophrolelia X Marriott- iana flavescens. F. A. Rehder, Esq., Gipsy Hill, S.E. (gr. Mr. Norris), was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a very good group of Dendrobiums, including a fine lot of varieties of Dendrobium nobile, D. x Socius nobilior, D. x Sibyl, D. X xanthocentrum, D. X splendidissimum grandiflorum, and the fine and richly coloured D. xX Magda (nobile nobilius X melanodiscus), having the deep purple colouring of the former parent and the broad petals of the latter. H. Whateley, Esq., Priory Lawn, Kenilworth (gr. Mr. Cook), received an Award of Merit for Lelio-cattleya Adriane and a form of O. xX Andersonianum with rather narrow segments are also sent, and both these were purchased as O. crispum, which affords some idea of how comparatively common natural hybrids are among importations of O. crispum. Some beautiful Odontoglossums are sent from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens, and among them a flower of the handsome QO. crispum Robert McVittie, to which a First-class Certificate was given at the R.H.S. meeting on April 22nd. It is a fine form with broad segments, the petals somewhat toothed, and the blotches on both sepals and petals very large, more or less confluent about the centre, and rich red-purple in colour, while the lip also bears one very large blotch and several smaller ones. It is interesting to find that the curious form of O.crispum having the inner halves of the lateral sepals yellow, and bearing crest-like appendages like those of the lip, which was noted at page 199 of our eighth volume, remains constant, for the inflorescence now bears twelve flowers, all being alike in this respect. Other forms sent are the pretty little O. Hunnewellianum, O.- luteopurpureum, two forms of O. triumphans, one having a large amount THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133 of deep yellow on the segments, and the other almost entirely suffused with brown, O. X excellens, a good O. X Denison, a closely and densely spotted O. X Andersonianum, and three forms of the charming little O. X Adriane. One called O. xX A. Barbette has the blotches of the sepals and petals very large and of the deepest chestnut brown, while another having smaller and paler spots is of the most perfect shape and exquisitely undulated all over. Lastly may be mentioned a remarkable form which bears a certain amount of resemblance both to O. gloriosum and O. Hunnewellianum. All the forms bear evidence of good culture. Six handsome Dendrobiums are sent from the collection of Fred. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, 'Ashton-on-Mersey, by Mr. Stafford. D. nobile Arnoldianum is a small dark form, with the inner halves of the lateral sepals lip-like in character,{having not only the dark maroon blotch, but also the primrose-yellow area in front. It was purchased at the Pickering sale, and had been in the collection many years. It is very distinct from D. n. Cooksonianum. OD. aureum Ellerianum is a curious small form obtained from the same collection. A third is an interesting form of D. X Ainsworthii, a seedling obtained by crossing D. nobile Cooksonianum with the pollen of the variety last named. Mr. Stafford states that about thirty seedlings of this cross have already bloomed, but none have shown any of the abnormal Cooksonianum character. The flower sent is white, with the disc light maroon purple. A fourth is either D. xX Cybele erubescens, noted at page 170 of our last volume, or a form closely resembling it. It is a very fine form, measuring 3} inches across the petals, and the peculiar rosy shade on the apex of all the segments is very pleasing. The remaining forms are, what we take to be a small example of D. X Pitcherianum, and a new hybrid between D. nobile and D. X Schneiderianum, which is noted on another page. Mr. Stafford remarks that they have had a grand display of flowers during the last few weeks. A fine three-flowered spike of Paphiopedilum x Carnusianum is sent by Signor R. Scuola, of Florence. It is a seedling from P. Haynaldianum ¢ and P. Spicerianum ¢, whose characters it combines very effectively. In general character it approaches the former, but the influence of the latter is seen in the ample white dorsal sepal, tinged with purple, and having a deep purple median band. At the base is a bright green area, spotted with brown, while the lower halves of the petals are similar in colour, the spots becoming smaller where they merge into the purple tips. A handsome form of P. x Hera is also sent, having a very broad dark purple median band on the dorsal sepal, and the white area on either side is beautifully veined and mottled with purple. A third handsome flower is said to have been obtained from P. superbiens x Lawrenceanum, but is most like the latter chiefly differing in having more spots on the petals. 134 THE ORCHID REVIEW. A fine inflorescence of Chysis bractescens is sent from the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, by Mr. Johnson, bearing eight of its chaste and beautiful white flowers. A good Odontoglossum “crispum roseum is sent from the collection of Mrs. Hollond, Wonham, Bampton, Devon, together with a pretty light form of O. x Andersonianum. CYMBIDIUM x BALLIANUM. AT a meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society held on April 27th, 1899, a First-class Certificate was given to the above, which was exhibited by G. Shorland Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow. It was noted as “a distinct and handsome Cymbidium, with a three-flowered inflorescence, the colour being ivory-white with a deep yellow crest. It is said to have been imported with C. eburneum, and it is suggested that it may be a natural hybrid from it and some other species” (Orch. Rev., vii., p. 154). The doubtful point involved was never cleared up, but now another plant has appeared, in the establishment of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., at St. Albans, and a careful examination shows that it is intermediate between C. eburneum and C. Mastersii, which suggests the probability that somewhere the two species grow more orless intermixed. According to King and Pantling, in their Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya, C. eburneum grows at lower elevations than C. Mastersii, the former being noted as common between elevations of 1,000 and 3,000 feet, and the latter occurring at elevations of from 5,000 to 7,000 feet. They also occur in the Khasia hills, the elevation of the former being noted as 3,000 to 4,000 feet, and of the latter 5,000 to 6,000 feet, but Gustav Mann, who collected both species there, indicates the former as occurring at from 4,000 to 5,000 feet, which would suggest that the areas of the two practically overlap, and it is evident that our know- ledge of the subject is not complete at present. The new form 1s unmistakably intermediate, having a longer scape than C. eburneum, and smaller flowers with narrower segments. The sepals and petals are 2% to 23 inches long by 5 to 8 lines broad, and more acute than in C. eburneum, while their colour is ivory-white, slightly tinged with pink towards the base of the sepals. The lip is narrower than in C. eburneum, nearly entire, somewhat undulate, and the crest very deep yellow, with a sulphur yellow band along the centre, and a broad yellow band in front of the crest, whic is slightly tinged with dusky purple. The face of the column is pink, becoming deep yellow at the base. C. Mastersii,-sometimes known as C. affine, is not common in cultivation, but those who have it should make the cross with C. eburneum, and let us know the result, for Cymbidiums are easily raised, and it would be interesting to have the matter proved. R.A-h. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135 BABU DOOLY CHAND’S ORCHID SHOW. On the 18th March Babu Dooly Chand invited His Honour the Lieutenant- “Governor of Bengal to inspect his valuable collection of Orchids, Palms, Ferns, and other choice plants, after Sir John Woodburn had paid a visit ‘to the Babu’s mill. On the 21st he threw open his suburban garden at ‘Cossipore on the Dum-Dum Road to the public. Babu Dooly Chand may ‘with truth be termed a genuine ‘‘ sportsman.”’ His love for plants is now iproverbial, and his well laid out grounds and plant houses, stocked with -choicest specimens of plant life, are well worth the rather long trip to ‘Cossipore. On entering the houses one is struck with the growth of each plant, proving theinterest-taken by the owner in each individual member -of his rich collection. The Orchids are all specimen plants, full of vigour, ‘and consequently exhibiting the finest blooms. Phalznopsis was seen in -abundance, the species exhibited being grandiflora, rosea, amabilis, Schilleriana, Sanderiana and Stuartiana. There were some grand spikes of ‘Phaius Wallichii, while Dendrobium nobile, D. Phalznopsis, D. superbum -giganteum, D. aggregatum, infundibulum, &c., enlivened the houses by ‘their rich and varied hues. Oncidium ampliatum majus, O. Papilio, O. ‘superbum, and leopardinum added a picturesque quaintness, while bold rich-coloured Amaryllis flamed all over the place. The dainty Lady’s ‘Slipper Orchids here and there thrust out their modest but lovely flowers ; there were some grand clumps of Cypripedium concolor and hirsutissimum, -and beds of choice Ferns were coloured with many a lovely Cattleya, ‘Gloxinia and Impatiens Sultani in full flower. . . . This amateur has perhaps the finest collection of Orchids, Palms, and other rare and beautiful ‘plants of any one in India. Of course, it is not everyone who can indulge ‘his fancy to the same extent ; but it is the more creditable to Babu Dooly ‘Chand because he is a native of India, and might easily have been tempted into spending his money in a less worthy direction.—Indian Gardening. ODONTOGLOSSUM x WENDLANIANUM. ANOTHER plant of this charming little natural hybrid has appeared, having flowered with Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Bush Hill Park, who exhibited it at the R.H.S. meeting on April 22nd. Messrs. Low state that it came home with O. crispum, and until it flowered was taken for a form of that or -of O. gloriosum. The resemblance to the rare O. crinitum is so marked, especially in the spiny crest, as to confirm the idea that it is a hybrid between that species and O. crispum. The shape is about intermediate, the segments slightly undulate, and the ground colour cream-white, slightly _ tinged with rose, and profusely spotted with light brown. R. A. R. 136 THE ORCHID REVIEW. GREENHOUSE ORCHIDS. Tuat useful little work for Amateur Gardeners, One and All Gardemng, edited by Edward Owen Greening, does not often concern itself with Orchids, but in the 1902 issue, just received, we find photographic illustrations, by Mr. D. S. Fish, of Odontoglossum Rossii, Cymbidium eburneum, and Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, with short descriptive and. cultural notes. The Editor remarks :—“ In introducing a few notes for the culture of Orchids and other plants requiring glass houses, I am complying with the request of some readers who desire to try their skill on more difficult garden-work than is usually dealt with in One and All Gardening.” Under the heading Odontoglossums we read :— ‘‘ The number of Orchids that may be grown in a cool fernery, or even in a Fic. 13. ODONTOGLOSSUM Rosslil. greenhouse, provided a moist and shady spot can be found, always depends: on space, and not on available kinds. The latter are found in immense variety ; in fact, the different forms of one species alone—O, crispum—are’ almost uncountable, and are ever increasing. This plant, with long arched! spikes of white flowers, variously spotted, is, perhaps, all things considered,. the finest Orchid known. ‘“‘ Although O. Rossii majus has not the same qualities as are met with in a good flower of Odontoglossum crispum, yet it is a very pretty dwarf Orchid, usually flowering during the winter and spring months. The dwarf compact habit renders it very suitable for growing in shallow pans,. or Orchid baskets, and as the plants are small, they may be placed thickly together. These baskets should be suspended near to the glass roof, and! water should be given sparingly during winter. In the warm, sunny months. plenty’ of water is desirable, and a position cool and shady. The flowers THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137 of this Orchid remain in good condition on the plants for many weeks ;. they also last a long time in water, so are very useful for cutting.” Cymbidium eburneum, often known as the Tulip Orchid, is noted as an ornamental-leaved plant, and “‘ one of the finest-flowered Orchids, and the fact that it may be grown in a shady greenhouse renders it still more valuable to small growers. When potting this Orchid use fibrous loam or peat, with most of the loose soil knocked out. These, mixed with a few broken crocks in small bits, will make a compost that will last for years. Fic. 14. CYMBIDIUM EBURNEUM. without becoming sour. This is important, as the roots of this Orchid are very fleshy, and do not like being meddled with. Potting is best performed in the usual way for ordinary subjects; raising the compost above the surface of the pot, or using sphagnum moss is unnecessary. They should also be kept moist, and the leaves sponged of any dirt that is upon them.” The third subject is not so well chosen, for Dendrobium thyrsiflorum requires more heat for its successful culture, and we wonder why the popular Cypripedium insigne was not chosen. This is the beginner’s Orchid, par excellence, and we know of amateurs who only possess this single species, which they grow and flower with the greatest success in an ordinary 138 THE ORCHID REVIEW. greenhouse or vinery. No other species can be grown with such ease and certainty under ordinary conditions, in fact it can be potted like any ordinary greenhouse plant, and is beautiful when in flower and graceful at all other seasons. It has many beautiful varieties, and these, with some of ts hybrids, should not be lost sight of in this praiseworthy attempt to popularize Orchid growing. We are indebted to the Editor for the loan of the two blocks which illustrate this article. EPIPHYTES. Notes ofa lecture given at a meeting of the Kew Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement Society on January 20th, 1902. By R. Allen Rolfe, A.L.S. (Continued from page 104.) The relation of these plants- to their nutrient substratum is a very interesting question, because it enables us to see the particular way in which they obtain their food. Those that grow on the bark of trees—and they are numerous among Orchids—have a peculiar method of maintaining themselves. Their roots are adnate to the bark, exposed on one side to the air, and form projecting lines and ridges, ramifying in all directions, and often constituting a regular trellis-work cemented to the bark. These serve as instruments of attachment, but at the same time they also absorb nutri- ment from the substratum, the decaying bark upon which the plant is epiphytic. During periods of drought this absorption is suspended, and the plant is practically dormant, but when the rainy season commences there is a long duration of wet weather, the water trickling over the surface from the collecting ground of leaves and twigs overhead, descending lower and lower, and bringing down not only tiny loosened particles of bark and decaying vegetation, but mineral and organic dust which has collected, dissolving all the soluble matter it finds on its way, and so reaches the roots and rhizoids in the form of a solution of mineral and organic com- pounds, chiefly the latter. In this way the requisite nourishment is con- veyed to these curious epiphytes, whose period of active growth occurs during the rainy season. The roots of epiphytal Orchids differ from those of terrestrial plants in being covered with a white papery substance, called the velamen, and the cells of the velamen serve the double purpose of condensing or absorbing aqueous vapour from the atmosphere, when any is present, and of protect-. ing the underlying cells from excessive evaporation during” perieds of drought. In its absorptive character it is analagous with the outer cells of the bog-mosses (sphagnum) and Leucobryum, where the small chlorophyll- bearing cells are covered by large colourless cells, having very thin walls, which are variously perforated, and not only absorb water in the liquid THE ORCHID REVIEW. 130 state, like a sponge, but also have the power of condensing it when in the form of vapour. A double function appertains to the roots of epiphytal Orchids, firstly to fix the plant to the bark, and secondly to supply it with nutriment. When the tip of a root comes in contact with a solid body it adheres closely to it, flattens itself out more or less, develops papilliform or tubular cells, which grow into organic union with the substratum, and act as holdfasts. But if the root extends beyond the limit of the substratum it ceases to develop these clamp-cells, and hangs down in the form of a white filament, and many of these aérial roots do not become attached at all but hang freely in the air, often forming regular tassels. The power of condensing aqueous vapour, and other gases as well, is of the greatest importance to these plants, for the bark to which some of them are attached is anything but a permanent source of moisture, and when this supply fails the only possible method of acquiring it is by condensing any that may be present in the atmosphere. When this supply fails the velamen dries up, and then acts as a medium of protection from excessive evaporation from the underlying tissue, and the plant then goes to rest. It must not be supposed that epiphytal Orchids grow in a perpetually moist atmosphere in the shady primeval forests. Many of them grow in only partially shaded spots, and in regions where periods of drought occur regularly every year, during which time there is a more or less complete cessation of vegetative activity, when the use of a protective covering for the roots is at once apparent. Most Orchids which are furnished with aerial roots perish if planted in soil in the ordinary way, but a few of them will occasionally bury their roots spontaneously in the earth, in which case they cease to develop the papery envelope, when they exercise the same functions as in the case of land:plants. Some other plants besides Orchids exhibit this papery covering on their aérial roots, but more frequently these roots are furnished with a dense fringe of so-called root hairs, arranged in a broad zone behind the growing point, which are packed so closely together as to have a velvety appearance. These aerial roots never reach the ground or adhere to any substratum, and their function is entirely to condense and absorb the aqueous vapour from the air in which they are freely suspended, as has been proved by direct experiment. Plants which have this kind of root grow in places where the air is very moist all the year round, and where the temperature does not fall below the freezing point. Where the air becomes periodically dry they cannot exist, because they have no means of preventing excessive dessica- tion, a contingency we have just seen to be provided for in the papery covering of the roots of epiphytal Orchids. We may now say something about the structure of epiphytes, and the various contrivances made for preserving life during periods of drought. In 140 THE ORCHID REVIEW. many parts of the tropics, although the rainfall is heavy, there is generally ‘an intermission of several weeks, and it is obvious that the epiphytes would wither and die if some provision were not made against such a contingency. The Bromeliads have reduced the evaporation from their leaves to a ‘minimum, and made them hard and tough. Epiphytal ferns store up ‘moisture in thick, leathery, and scaly rhizomes. And among Orchids we find the modified stem known as the pseudobulb, a unique contrivance for retaining leaves through the longest drought. In some cases when the leaves are thin, they fall away altogether, and the plant is’ reduced to a bundle of green pseudobulbs, attached to its support by a few almost dry aérial roots, and thus it remains dormant until the return of the rainy “season. The deciduous Dendrobiums form very good examples of this type. Sometimes the pseudobulbs are large and very fleshy, and the leaves are not deciduous, as in the case of Oncidiums, Odontoglossums, &c., while ‘some seem to rely almost entirely upon their thick leathery leaves as a means of storage, as in the case of Oncidiums of the Lanceanum and Jonesianum groups. Some there are which have both thickened pseudo- ‘bulbs and thick leathery leaves, as certain Cattleyas, &c. Conversely we find others which have no pseudobulbs, though the leaves are more or less ‘fleshy, as in Masdevallia, and others in which both features are practically absent, as in the Pescatoreas, Bolleas, and Warscewiczellas, a pretty sure indication that these plants have no long periods of drought to provide against. In short, they remain active almost throughout the year, and should be treated accordingly. We cannot go into details of all the peculiar modifications of structure and habit found among epiphytes, but it may be interesting to glance for a moment at some particular example, and we may select the genus ‘Coryanthes. There are several species, and they are for the most part found attached to bush-ropes, as the stems of woody climbers are often called. We may imagine that a seed lodges in a chink of the bark, and there germinates, producing an oval mass of fibrous roots, in which a colony of ants establish themselves, and in return for free lodgings they serve as a bodyguard to protect the plant from the attacks of cockroaches and other pests. Sometimes this mass of Orchid roots is occupied by a host of rivals, and Mr. Rodway figures one example containing two distinct species of Coryanthes, a Bromeliad, several Anthuriums, and a young shrub, all of which are growing on a ball hardly a foot in diameter. And it may be mentioned that in the Nepenthes house at Kew a clump of Coryanthes contains an example of the Cactaceous genus Rhipsalis, which was imported with it. These plants grow together in perfect harmony, though apart from such. evidence it is doubtful whether anyone would think of growing them under identical conditions. Some other Orchids have this peculiarity of -THE ORCHID REVIEW. 141 providing a home for ants, as the allied Gongora, and Oncidium altissimum, and it is easy to see how the Orchids benefit by the arrangement. In the case of Diacrium bicornutum and the Schomburgkias the Orchid provides hollow pseudobulbs for the ants to live in, and then the benefit to the insect becomes equally obvious. In a chapter entitled ‘‘ Up in the Trees,” Mr. Rodway has given a most graphic account of the epiphytes of Guiana. He states that the gloom of the forest is so great that very few plants exist on the ground, and in order to see the representatives of the pretty wood flora of temperate climes we must look overhead. In the recesses of the forest there is nought but bare trunks and leafless bush ropes. Even the epiphytes want light, and cannot exist without it, and where this precious influence is obtainable, they crowd every branch and twig, almost to the ground, and carry on the struggle for life right up to the tree tops. Monster arums twelve feet in diameter occupy the great forks, and throw down long cord-like aérial roots. Push- ing those cords aside, the plants are barely discernible on account of the crowd of other epiphytes which surround them. Screens of creepers with festoons of handsome flowers, masses of Rhipsalis, pendulous branches of grass-like ferns, and a thousand epiphytes on every branch, obscure the view, and make it hard to say from whence a particular aérial root is derived. Some branches are occupied by dense rows of Tillandsias, which push everything else aside and take possession of the upper surface, where their vase-like circles of leaves form reservoirs of water against the time when little or no rain falls, which reservoirs are utilized by the beautiful Utricularia Humboldtii. Hardly a twig is free from epiphytes unless the gloom is too great, and these plants vary greatly in the amount of light they require. Some grow on the shady side of the trunks, and never see the sun, others exist and thrive in places where we might expect them to be burnt up. Among the mosses and hepatice grow tiny Orchids with almost microscopic flowers. Some plants can only grow upright on the branches, while others with ‘creeping rhizomes can grow almost anywhere. And there are others which only seem to grow on the edge of the branches, and among them some of the most beautiful Orchids. Doubtless at one time they grew upright, but from the continual pressure of circumstances they have become perfectly fitted to their environment. As examples of this are mentioned Brassia Lawrenceana, Stanhopea eburnea, Gongora atropurpurea, and the remark- able Scuticaria, a plant which seems to have reached the highest point of development on this particular line. O35 The study of epiphytes in their native surroundings is a fascinating Subject, and the fact that they can exist in the way that many of them do shows a marvellous power of development in some past age. They are for 142 THE: ORCHID. REVIEW. the most part children of the moist forests, and their very existence indicates -the victory they have won in their struggle for light. They. have literally been forced up into the trees, and have attained their present development by seizing positions of vantage with very little expenditure of materials. Commencing as humble occupants of the shady soil in the forest, it has been remarked that they have, during the course of ages, literally clambered up into the trees, striving after the light, and ever struggling against the precarious and fluctuating supplies of moisture and humus, inventing new absorbing and fixing organs, and contriving fresh devices for resisting threatened death from thirst or starvation, until at length their perilous career was crowned with success, and they formed aérial meadows and shrubberies. Their evolution is still reflected in the forest, where the simplest still lurk low down in moist shaded crevices on the tree trunks, and the more specialised ones are ranged successively upwards, until even before the tree tops are reached perfection is practically attained. As to the practical lessons to be learnt from their study little more need be said, for they are self-evident. Plants that have so far departed from what may be termed normal habits must be treated somewhat in accordance with that second nature which they have acquired by long use, always remembering, however, that their requirements with regard to light and shade, moisture and temperature, and food supply can often be supplied without resorting to the precise methods which nature has adopted for them. It is the essentials that must be borne in mind and provided for. And their seasons of growth and repose must also be borne in mind if success is to be attained. Use becomes second nature, and we do not alter a plant’s requirements one iota by bringing it in from the forest and cultivating in our gardens. If nature has succeeded, we may also hope to do so if we follow her teachings, not slavishly copying every little detail, but striving to understand what is essential, and then applying that knowledge intelligently. An Important Discovery IN CoLor PHotoGrapHy.—At the meet- ing of the Connecticut Academy of Sciences, Wednesday, February rath, Prof. A. E. Verrill exhibited several remarkable photographs in natural colors, made direct from nature by a new auto-chromatic process, just invented by Mr. A. Hyatt Verrill, of New Haven, after years of expeti- menting. One of these photographs was of a bright-colored Bermuda crab, from life; another was a Bermuda landscape in which the beautiful tints of the water, etc., are well brought out, as well as the soft creamy tints of the old stone residence at Walsingham, and the neutral grey of the rocks. Three other plates were copied from water-color drawings of groups of THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143 bright-colored Bermuda fishes, made from life by Mr. Verrill. The photographic reproductions of these drawings showed accurately all the tints and delicate shades of green, blue, pink, purple, yellow, and orange,. beautifully blended. The colors in these pictures are peculiarly soft and natural, without the stiffness of the three-color process. The bright-red colors appear to be the most difficult to render by this process at present, but no doubt this will soon be remedied by further experiments now in progress. The photographs are on paper, and are made by a _ purely photo-chemical process. The process is certain to be of great value for photographing the colors of Natural History specimens and for reproducing paintings, but is not adapted for portrait work owing to the length of exposure required for the negatives.—A. E. V. in American Journal of Science, xiii. (April, 1902), p. 329. AERANTHES RAMOSA. UNDER the name of Aéranthus ramosus, Cogn., M. Cogniaux has just figured (Dict. Icon. des Orch.) a plant of which he received flowers from M. Peeters, of Brussels, in September last, and to which he states that he gave the name of A. Vespertilio. He also remarks that a month later a plant which had been sent by Mr. Peeters to Mr. F. W. Moore was named Aétanthes ramosa by Mr. Rolfe, who maintained the name in spite of his request to change it; that it was published in the Orchid Review for November as a name only; and that in order to avoid synonymy he adopts the name, but changes its form, because although Lindley published Aéranthes in 1821, he recognized that this was incorrect, and in 1824 changed it to Aéranthus. In his account of the genus he fixes the date of first publication as 1825, and cites Botanical Register, sub tab. 517. This is an unfortunate string of errors. The original date of publication is neither 1821 nor 1825, but 1824, and the plate is not 517, but 817 (to which latter the so-called correction is wrongly assigned). And this “‘ cor- rection,” which appeared in 1830 (Gen. & Sp. Orch., p. 243), is merely a printer’s error, the name being always correctly written by Lindley himself. Nor is the form erroneous, any more than Coryanthes, Spiranthes, Lepanthes, and various other genera of flowering plants. Then Aéranthes Tamosa did not appear as a name only, but is accompanied by a short diagnosis which shows how it differs from other species of the genus. Lastly, it is alsc stated that the species was discovered by M. Warpur, and thus dates back to a much earlier period than that mentioned by M. Cogniaux. The net result is that M. Cogniaux burdens our nomen- clature with two unnecessary synonyms ! saa | THE ORCHID REVIEW. CYPRIPEDIUM x EDMUND ROTHWELL, THE other day a new hybrid, raised in the collection of J. E. Rothwell, Esq., of Brookline, Mass., U.S.A., was figured and described in American -Gardening under the above name, as mentioned at page 127, and now we have received the following note from the raiser, accompanied by a_photo- Fic. 15. CypripEDIUM HooKER&. Fic. 16. C, x Epmunp RoTruwe Lt. Fic. 17. C. X SALLIERI HyEANUM. ‘graph, which is here reproduced. Mr. Rothwell writes:—Herewith I enclose photograph of a group of Cypripediums in my collection. The one on the left is a new hybrid of my raising, the middle one being of C. Hooker, Its pollen parent, and the one on the right C. x ees Hyeanum, its seed THE ORCHID REVIEW. 145 parent. The hybrid, C. X Edmund Rothwell, flowered for the first time on January 3rd, 1902, and was derived by crossing C. x Sallieri Hyeanum with the pollen of C. Hookerz, on January 5th, 1896, requiring just six years 'to flower. The seed was sown on January 27th, 1897. The description of ithe flower is as follows:—Dorsal sepal primrose yellow, darkest towards the base, with a white margin. Petals rich butter yellow, with a strong suffusion of the purple of the pollen parent over the lower half, most intense at the ends. Inferior sepal, greenish, with much the shape of C. Hookere. The staminode strongly resembles the seed parent, C. xX Sallieri, and is a strong yellow in color. The pouch also resembles the seed parent in shape, and is a dark yellow suffused with a tawny color. The spots of C. x Sallieri have entirely disappeared from the dorsal sepal, and the general appearance of the flower is a decided improvement over either of the parents, and yet is quite intermediate. The plant which bloomed is very small, and I look for a decidedly larger flower from the next growth. The foliage is almost exactly inter-_ mediate in coloring and appearance, being beautifully tessellated like C. Hookere, although a much lighter color, but with the upright habit of (C. X Sallieri. J. E. RoTHweELt. sili ta SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. A meeting was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on April 8th, when the display of Orchids was very fine, though the awards were *much fewer than on the last occasion. Baron Sir*H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), exhibited a fine group, consisting chiefly of cut flower spikes, for which a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. It contained Odontoglossum, coronarium, O Pescatorei Schroederianum, O. x elegans, O. xX Leeanum> O. crispum Rex, Angrecum Ellisii, Lelia x Edissa, and others, Five lines and under in column... O 2 6 Half column or quarter page Or So Per line afte 5 0 6 One column or half page 2 hee” $a 2: One-eighth eolu 4 0 VV7hole page te 2 O70 mn. ges OO Quarter column or eighth page DORA 2 Siew eS 5, Advertisements. and late news should be received not later than the 24th of the month. Booksellers Wholesale Orders should be sent to MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick House, PATERNOSTER Row, Lonpon, E.C NEW SEEDLING ROSE. QUEEN ALEXANDRA ee Za HIS beautiful Seedling, a cross between the well-known Crim- son Rambler and Rosa multiflora simplex, produces with great freedom _ trusses of flower of a rich rose colour, and is a decided acquisition to the list of Pillar Roses. Awarded a GOLD MEDAL by THE NATIONAL ROSE SOCIETY at the Temple | Gardens, July 4th, 1901. PLANTS NOW READY, 5s. each. — O e643 JAMES VEITCH & SUNS, LTD., Royal Erotic Mursery, cH ema THE ORCHID REVIEW. VoL. X.] JUNE, 1902. {[No. 114. DIES ORCHIDIANI, THE Temple Show is the great event of the month, and falls rather late on this occasion, when most of my notes are already written. But a glance round the tents shows that the Orchids are as numerous as ever, and the quality excellent, I think above the average. A search for actual novelties reveals rather less than usual, perhaps, but several of the Odonto- glossums in M. Vuylsteke’s fine group are unfamiliar, and rather puzzling as to their origin. There was alsoa pretty novelty in Mr. Rutherford’s group, the result of crossing O. Harryanum and O. X excellens, and a striking hybrid between Brassavola Digbyana and Lelia tenebrosa in Messrs. Charlesworth’s growth. And, if not actually new, there were two very remarkable plants which I have not previously seen in anything like such fine condition, namely, Odontoglossum crispum Lady Jane and Cattleya intermedia Aquinii, staged side by side. Sir Trevor Lawrence also staged a charming little group of rarities. I may have something more to say on the subject next month. ‘“WHAaT’s IN A NAME?—. . . A name should be used as a means of distinction, a mere label, and nothing else. . . . Directly we begin to make the name significant by conveying some information about the nature of the plant, its history, its native place, or what not, so soon do we begin to pile up confusion and trouble for the future.” What can be the trouble? Has someone discovered that Vanda ceerulea is not blue ? or got confused about Renanthera coccinea, because other species of the genus have scarlet flowers? Has it been found that Brassia ocanensis is not limited to the province of Ocana? or perhaps that Cattleya Mendelii was not originally discovered by Mendel, but only flowered in his collection? No, it is none of these things. The trouble is that some plant has got a name, which is now meaningless or un- grammatical, because the fact has been lost sight of, that the “ name” 162 THE ORCHID REVIEW. originally consisted of two words, connected by a conjunction, ard a long essay becomes necassary to put the matter straight. Now the object which the writer had in view was how to avoid piling up confusion and trouble in the future—a thoroughly praiseworthy object— and one naturally assumes that the name which called forth such com- ments did really convey some sort of information about the plant, either its history, native place, raiser or discoverer, the colour of the flower, shape of the leaves, or at least some little item of information which had led to all this trouble.- But no, it is none of these things! The name had no connection with the plant in any shape or form—but even this did not save it from confusion. Happily it was not an Orchid, but it might have been all the same, for the principle applies as well to one plant as another. --The moral which I should have drawn from such a case would have been quite different. I should have suggested that, whenever possible, names should have some significance, some connection with the plant, or, if purely complimentary, that they should at least be drawn up according to some recognised standard, and with some slight element of finality about them. If the writer would only realise that the confusion arose not from following a salutary rule, but owing to the departure from it, there would be more hope of improvement. The question once asked, ‘‘ Shall we ever have a universal language ?’’ was much more to the purpose. I would commend to the writer’s notice some very pertinent remarks which appeared in a: recent issue of Nature (in a review of a book), which are sufficiently appropriate to repeat here :— “In the chapter on ‘Orchid Names’ the author follows the popular lead by finding fault with the existing Orchid nomenclature, and with the inevitable result that he is unable even to hint at a better method than that for which we have to thank a long line of patient and clever men, who have been working on the subject in ali ages since the classification of plants began. It should-be remembered that the question is not as to whether the name is good or bad Latin or Greek, expressive or not expres- sive, but that it is intended as a means of identifying the plant in every civilised quarter of the globe, an end which no system of popular names could accomplish, but which has worked under the present system of scientific names in a marvellously satisfactory manner. To apply it to his own case. Deprived of the scientific names he finds fault with, Mr. Boyle’s book would have been impossible in its present useful’ form.” I may add that, not having seen the book, I am ignorant of the precise THE ORCHID REVIEW. 163 nature of the criticism to which the above is a reply, but as a protest against the modern go-as-you-please nomenclature—I will not dignify it with the name of system, for system is what it is chiefly devoid of— it will serve its purpose. Sometime ago I alluded to the rapid progress being made in raising hybrid Orchids, and the flowering of a hybrid from Dendrobium Brymer- ianum, as recorded at page 153, must be regarded as a distinct achievement, seeing that so many previous attempts have resulted in failure. I hope the subject will now be followed up, so that we may find out where the difficulty lies, and Mr. Hunter himself might tell us a little more of his experience with the species. It may have been just one of those happy hits which are as difficult to explain as to repeat, but this can only be proved by experiment. If the cross were repeated under similar conditions, and attempted in other collections, we might gain further light on what is a very interesting question. ARGUS. THE GHENT INTERNATIONAL SHOW. WE have received the Catalogue of the 15th International Horticultural Exhibition to be held at Ghent, from April 18th to 26th, 1903. The ‘second group is devoted to Orchids, and contains no less than 76 Classes, the prizes consisting of Gold, Silver-gilt, and Silver Medals. For the best general collection of Orchids a Gold Medal is offered by the King of the Belgians, the second and third prizes also being gold medals of the value o 200 and 150 francs. For the best 100, 75, 50, and 30 Orchids, Gold Medals are also offered, both to amateurs and nurserymen. A Williams’ Memorial Medal is offered for the best 15 specimen Orchids, limited to amateurs. ‘Other classes include the most varied collection, single examples of each ‘species only, the best 30, 20, and 10 Cool Orchids, the best six, three, and single novelties of recent introduction. We note also collections and single hybrids, collections of Guatemalan and Colombian, Brazilian, Mexican, and Indian Orchids, Ancectochili, Cypripedes (including the best hybrid not yet in.commerce), Cattleyas and Lelias (ditto), Dendrobes, Masdevallias, ‘Odontoglossums, Phalznopsis, Vandas, terrestrial Orchids, and the best examples of nearly all the popular genera. In other groups we note prizes for the best Orchid house, and the best arranged basket of cut blooms. With such a large and varied prize list there should be a fine display, and we hope to see some of our English collections represented. Particulars may be obtained from the Secretary, M. Fierens, Ghent. "164 THE ORCHID REVIEW. HABENARIA MEDUS#. A very remarkable species of Habenaria has just flowered in the establish- ment L’Horticole Coloniale, Brussels, which is said to have been found in an importation of plants from Java. If anyone could imagine a form of the South African Bartholina pectinata having a white lip, and the flowers: borne ten together in a raceme, he would have a very good idea of the general appearance of this plant. It evidently belongs to Habenaria. Meduse, a species described by Kranzlin in 1893 (Engl. Jahrb., xvi., p. 203), from a specimen in the Leyden Herbarium, marked ‘Java? ex herb. Blume.” It was afterwards figured (Xen. Orch., iii, p. 149, t. 286, fig. 1), and the present plant agrees well, the chief difference being that the divisions of the lip are more numerous, but it must be remembered that the drawing has been restored from a dried specimen. The plant is comparatively dwarf—the drawing shows it under a foot high, with three oblong leaves near the base, and an inflorescence of about eight flowers. The living raceme has ten flowers, whose most conspicuous part is the remarkably dissected lip, which measures over 14 inches broad, and is. divided almost to the base into about forty narrow white filaments, which: are somewhat curved, and radiate in the shape of a fan, while at the base: is a slender spur, nearly two inches long. The ovate, spreading lateral. sepals are also white, and about four lines long, while the petals are united with the dorsal sepal to a concave hood of about the same length. It is. to be hoped that the plant will prove amenable to cultivation, for it is a very striking object, and would form a suitable companion to the handsome: H. militaris and H. carnea. R. A. ROLFE. OBITUARY, V. Faus, well known as one of the most skilled Orchid growers in the: country, and for several years in charge of the Orchid department of Julius. Roehrs, at Rutherford, N. J., is dead. Mr. Faus underwent a surgical operation on Tuesday last and died on the next day. He was a man of large experience, both in this country and in Europe, having been at one- time with Baron Hruby’s famous collection in Austria, and was formerly Orchid grower to George Schlegel, at Bay Ridge, N.Y., and had a remarkable- knowledge of varieties. Under his care the Roehrs’ commercial collection. has progressed into its leading position of to-day. His death lays open an. important position for a capable Orchid grower.—A merican Gardening. Cypripedium X Fausianum, a hybrid from C. x Dauthieri and C. X calophyllum (Orch. Rev., i. p. 286) commemorates the deceased. gentleman. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 165 CULTURE OF ORCHIDS IN LEAF-MOULD. Mr. Joun E. Lacer, of the firm of Lager & Hurrell, has madean interest- ing contribution to the above subject, in a recent issue of the Flortst’s Exchange. A previous writer had strongly advocated the necessity of feeding Orchids, and Mr. Lager remarks that they have practised it for several years with great success, and he is glad to see that others are beginning to realise how necessary feeding is if one wishes to prolong the life of these plants, and make them not merely exist, but grow with luxuriance. The use of leaf-mould exclusively he thinks answers the purpose in Europe, but he doubts if it will ever fill the bil) in America, The light is much more intense than in Europe, and the sun, even in winter, is very strong. The result is, more activity on the part of the plants all the year round, and, in order to hold their own, and grow, feeding is absolutely necessary. The strong light and sun mean a greater quantity of water at the roots and overhead, and to supply this the hose is generally used, labour being too expensive to allow of the use of water pots, and the watering of plants here and there that happen to be dry. And with the other method the water supplied would not be half enough under the climatic conditions. They have to use plenty of water, with the result that the leaf-mould in a very short time becomes sour, and the plants lose ground, while the roots rot. ‘‘We have tried several kinds of epiphytal Orchids,” he remarks, “notably Cattleyas and Lzlias, in leaf-mould, and invariably we have had to shake the plants out of the compost, and repot in fibrous peat or sphagnum, after which we supply the food in liquid form principally. We go one better in giving nourishment to our Orchids, inasmuch as we give them a variety of different manures (principally in liquid form), and they enjoy it, to say the least ; in fact, I have failed to find anything they do not like, providing, of course, that common sense is used, and the fertilisers prepared or cured in such a way as to remove rankness or possible acids. Orchids are like human beings, the more variety of food they get the better they grow. “In connection with this, it might be of interest to take a look at these plants, where and how they grow in the tropics. Treating exclusively of epiphytes, we find them growing on live trees, notably on Quercus, Cinchonas, and Melastomaceous trees (at least in the Western Hemisphere), most frequently on the naked bark of the trees; at other times in the crutches of the trees or on the branches, where not only leaves, but a great number of bugs, worms, insects, and animals of all kinds accumulate, the latter thus forming, probably, just as much a part of the nourishment as the leaves. I never saw a plant taken off a tree but what there were 166 THE ORCHID REVIEW. great quantities of remnants of animal life in all stages of decomposition under the plant. Now, if this takes place on the trees, how much more does it not take place on the ground, in countries where vegetation and animal life are so rank and prolific, with the result that the plants absorb the greatest variety and quantity of food already prepared in a gaseous form; hence it is easily explained why plants growing on the naked bark of a tree trunk are just as luxuriant as those that happen to be placed in positions where different matter accumulates round the plant. The surrounding atmosphere is the store-house from which these plants absorb the matter just mentioned, and I may add that the endless process of decomposition in those regions does not mean a few kinds of leaves; but every imaginable kind, as well as animal life. “In a greenhouse, however, things are different; inside its glass roof there is absolutely nothing in the way of vegetation, or animal life, to decompose and form the nourishment which these plants enjoy in their countries of origin. Besides, in culture, we do not want Orchids to. send their roots several feet from the baskets or pots looking for nourish- ment; our aim is to keep the roots at home in the pot or basket, and this they will do, and only will they do so when they have enough nourishment in the compost, when they rarely go outside. On the other hand, or whenever starved, the roots are liable to roam about for yards, while the plant and its flowers are rarely perfect. “Peat and moss, necessary as they are for us here, contain but little food, except when fresh; add to this repeated doses of clean water, and we have, more or less, all that is done to these plants; is there’ then any wonder so many complain that the epiphytal Orchids are short lived ?”” Mr. Chas. H. Totty makes some very similar remarks with respect to the American climate and method of watering, remarking also on the wide differences in the texture of different leaf-moulds, and its limitations. For example, the use of leaf-mould necessitates culture in pots, which must stand on the stage, and thus fewer plants can be accommodated than when some are grown in baskets or on fern stumps, and suspended. He also remarks that plants cultivated in Belgian leaf-mould, though in fair condition when received, showed very limited root action. As to American methods he states that they have in America a fine grade of peat which is an excellent potting medium, and which is used pure for Cypripedes and such like things, leaving it low in the pots so as to permit of.a top-dressing later. For Cattleyas the hard fern root—the core, which cannot be pulled apart—is chopped into pieces large enough to fit the basket or pan, and then pounded into the receptacle, and the Cattleya nailed securely thereon. This is the method of potting imported plants. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167 Another excellent method is to take several pieces of the hard core of the Osmunda root, and make it intd a solid ball, a foot long by seven or eight inches in diameter, on to which the Cattleyas are nailed by means of wire staples. Plants are also nailed to boards, with merely a light layer of peat between, a method securing economy of time and space. ‘All our Orchids,’’ he remarks, ‘‘are top-dressed, when growth commences, with a mixture of chopped sphagnum leaf-mould, and some fertiliser, as bone-flour, Clay’s or other concentrated manure. The leaf- mould is used in the proportion of one part to four parts of moss. Experiments have convinced me that this method is far preferable to using leaf-mould entirely. The root action of the plant in this mixture is very vigorous, and if you can only get the roots moving the top will grow, asa matter of course. This top-dressing is applied wet, and, when thrown on, sticks wherever it falls. It can, consequently be applied to plants growing in any position.” The days of the wretched looking Cattleya gradually dwindling to a condition of innocuous desuetude are gone by. The bulbs the plants make under artificial culture, when liberally treated, are far superior to the bulbs they produce in their native home. This we must accept as convincing evidence that the Orchid can assimilate food supplied to it as easily as a geranium, and with as beneficial results. Occasionally, where only a few plants are grown, they may be seen in a miserable condition, but in our large establishments, where plants are counted by the thousand, they are in perfect health and vigour. Almost every grower has his own pet theory, and supplies his plants with sheep manure, bone flour, cow manure, or something else ; but they all use some kind of manure, and as long as the plant gets a sufficiency of nitrogen and other essentials, where it gets them from, or how, is unimportant. The American Orchid grower is head and shoulders above his European compeer in the size and number of the flowers he can produce from a given space, and while, of course, some credit is due to the climate, most of the credit is due to the grower, who is always ready to depart from the old rut when experiment convinces him that he can grow his plants better some other way. 3 Plants have constant need of nourishment during the period of growth. Supply that need and your plants will be certain to give satisfaction. Neither the Belgium grower, with his leaf-mould, nor the American grower, with his fertilisers, can be criticised if each produces satisfactory results financially and otherwise. The spirit of progress is in the air, and if the advance in the culture of Orchids is as pronounced in the next decade as it has been in the past one, great things may be confidently looked for. 168 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Mr. William Matthews, of Utica, New York, after speaking of the large amount of water that has to be used, even in winter, and the absolute necessity of a porous though firm potting material, states :—‘* About two years ago I purchased some plants of Lzlia Jongheana, already potted in the Belgian style. They were placed with other Lzlias, and after six weeks’ trial I found they were doing poorly. On examination, I discovered that instead of having good root action, the roots were badly decayed. I at once shook out all the plants, potted them @ /a American—fern roots well shaken out to about the consistency of coarse horse-hair, with plenty of drainage, in 4 inch pots; potted firmly; and after a few weeks again potted them in the same material in 4 by 6inch pans. The plants have roots all through the pots, and are now showing finely for flowers later on. I have just had the same experience with Oncidium varicosum and Odontoglossum citrosmum. Neither of these seems to thrive except on fern root. This I use for all kinds of Orchids—except terrestrial ones; as I have no time to coddle or experiment with Orchids, and am perfectly satisfied that they all can be grown in good clean fern root, without much care, I think that the best method to pursue. Regarding the use of manurial fertilisers, I have never found any benefit from it; good rest and preservation of the roots are the main points in Orchid culture, and if you want to perpetuate the plants do not give them soggy potting material.” ARACHNANTHE MOSCHIFERA. UNDER the heading, “ Orchid notes from Alipur,” Indian Gardening for May 8th speaks of the above plant (which it will be remembered was figured at page 88 of our March issue) as follows (p. 327) :—‘‘ Arachnanthe moschifera. This, as its name implies, is as like a coloured spider as it is possible for a flower to be. It comes to us from Java. The flowers are large, lemon coloured, spotted and barred purple, and for all the world like huge spiders. They are delicately scented like musk. It is one of the rare Orchids. The Superintendent of the gardens hascrossed it with Renanthera coccinea, and the seeds, when gathered, will, if they germinate, produce an interesting hybrid.” The other Orchids mentioned as flowering in the gardens of the Agti- Horticultural Society of India, at Alipur, are, Dendrobium formosum (the true plant) flowering profusely, Aérides odoratum and Fieldingii, Saccolabium guttatum and S. Blumei, Phalaenopsis violacea, Bletia Shepherdii, Rodriguezia secunda, Cypripedium niveum and C. exul. The latter 1s called a “‘ new species, unnamed,” a remark which we do not understand, for the name is given, and the species has been known for ten years. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 169 BRASSOLAZZLIA x HELEN. WE have now another handsome hybrid from Brassavola Digbyana to record. Lelia tenebrosa is the seed parent, and the raiser M. Ch. Maron, to whom we are indebted for the photograph here reproduced. M. Maron writes that the sepals and petals are reddish brown, much like those of some forms of Lelia tenebrosa, and slightly mottled and curved, while the lip has the characteristic shape of Brassavola Digbyana hybrids, with the edge somewhat fringed, and the ground colour light violet, with some carmine lines, and the throat yellowish. The habit of the plant and shape of the Fic. 19. BRASSOLHZLIA X HELEN. flower are well shown in the illustration, and the influence of B. Digbyana is very apparent in both, while the dark sepals and petals, derived from L. tenebrosa, introduce a somewhat novel character among Digbyana hybrids. The colours of the lip are not apparent in the figure, probably owing to the well-known fact that shades of blue and violet come out nearly white in photography, unless a yellow screen is used. M. Maron must be congratulated on having made such an interesting addition to the 170 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ranks of Digbyana hybrids. With respect to the one raised by M. Maron between B. Digbyana and Cattleya Dowiana aurea, which was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. on April 22nd, under the name of Lelio-cattleya x Mrs. J. Lemann, we think the same should be amended to Brassocattleya x Lemanniz, conformably to rule. We shall hope to see both these interesting plants when they flower again. We may add that, since the above was written, the hybrid has received an Award of Merit at the Temple Show, the two plants here figured having beemincluded in Messrs. Charlesworth’s group. HYBRID ODONTOGLOSSUMS. REICHENBACH, if we mistake not, speaking of natural hybrid Odontoglossums, once remarked to the effect that we wanted hundreds of Odontoglossums of known parentage. The day seems slowly but surely approaching when individuals, if not distinct crosses, will have to be counted by hundreds, but we hope that there will be no necessity. to write “ of unknown parentage,” for the difficulty of making them out will be more difficult than in the case of natural hybrids. - M. Vulysteke now sends flowers of two more interesting seedlings, but, alas, he writes :—‘‘It is not possible to state exactly their parentage.” Again, of O. x Vuystekei, described at p- 99, he adds, in sending another flower :—‘‘I cannot guess its origin. I never fecundated with tripudians, because its flowers are too small.” This raises the question of what a hybrid between O. triumphans and O. X Denisone (Wilckeanum) would be like. The plant is very different from O. x loochristiense, in which the characters of O. triumphans and O. crispum are combined, but a hybrid composed of half triumphans and 4} each of crispum and luteo- purpureum should have the dark colour noticed, and might well have the shorter, broader segments.also. Future experiments may clear the matter up. As to the other flowers sent, one has almost the broad shape and toothed petals of O. crispum, with a light yellow ground colour, both sepals and petals being very heavily blotched with rich chestnut brown, and the lip brighter yellow with smaller blotches. If not a very fine form of O. X Denisonz, it may be a hybrid between that and O. crispum. The second flower is smaller, and bears a general resemblance to O. sceptrum, and may have been derived from that and O. crispnm, as the lip does not recall O. Pescatorei. The sepals and petals are light yellow in colour, the former being tinged with purple on the back, and the chestnut blotches large, but those on the petals small and numerous. The lip is rather narrower than in O. sceptrum, and has one large red-brown blotch and some small spots. . is unfortunate that the origin of these beautiful plants should remain in oubt. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17T THE TEMPLE SHOW. THE great annual Flower Show of the R.H.S.—the fifteenth of the series— was held in the Middle Temple Gardens, on May 28th, 29th, and 30th, and was again a great success. The weather was beautifully fine at the outset, though later in the day, and on the following days, there were some showers, which at times rather aggravated the crowding in the tents, but the atmospheric conditions favoured the plants, which remained beautifully fresh right up to the close. Orchids were present in large numbers, and of excellent quality, and for the most part they were very tastefully arranged. The awards comprised nine First-class Certificates, sixteen Awards of Merit, ten Botanical Certificates, one Cultural Commendation, three Silver Cups, and ten Medals. The Show was honoured by the presence of their Majesties, the King and Queen, who, attended by Captain Holford, went the round of the tents before the public was admitted. In the following report we have endeavoured to mention the more interesting and rarer plants exhibited. | Considerations of space prevent us. from giving a full report, which would also be wearisome, for the commoner showy species of the season were well represented in most of the groups. Sir Trevor Lawrence contributed a remarkable group, the majority being interesting botanical rarities, which were arranged very effectively at the end of the central stage by Mr. White. The following list shows its. composition, and the plants to which certificates were given :—Angrecum Moloneyi (B.C.), Aspasia lunata (B.C.), Brassias brachiata and verrucosa, Bulbophyllums Dayanum and a feathery lipped species of the saltatorium group, Catasetum species, carrying a spike of six female flowers, Cirrho- petalum Colletii, Coelogynes Parishii, Schilleriana, and Swaniana, Den- drobiums cumulatum (B.C.), X formoso-Lowii, x illustre, Johannis, and secundum album, Epicattleya Xx radiato-Bowringiana, Epidendrums X Clarissa superba, confusum, Ellisii, Endresii, fuscatum, Linkianum, paniculatum, and porphyreum, Eulophia andamanensis (B.C.), Habenaria rhodochila, Lzelio-cattleya x Hippolyta Dulcote var., Liparis nervosa, Masdevallias X Cassiope, caudata and var. xanthocorys, X Courtauldiana, deorsum, ephippium, xX Geleniana, X Henrietta, X igneo-Estrade, O’Brieniana, x Rushtoni and var. superba (A.M.), Schreederiana, X Stella, ventricularia, and Wageneriana, Maxillarias Houtteana, prastans (B.C.), and Sanderiana, Microstylis congesta (B.C.), and Scottii, Nephela- phyllum pulchrum, Odontoglossum crispum (two fine forms), and O. crinitum saphiratum, Oncidium Brienianum, carthaginense roseum (B.C.), juteum (B.C.), and unicorne, Ornithocephalus grandiflorus, Physosiphon Loddigesii, Pleurothallis macroblepharis and ornata, Polystachya pubescens and zambesiaca (B.C.), Promenza xanthina, Renanthera Imschootiana, 172 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ‘Thunia Bensonz, Marshalliana, and xX _ Veitchiana, Trichopilia laxa (B.C.), lepida, and rostrata (A.M.), Vanda alpina, and Zygopetalum rostratum (F.C. and Cultural commendation). This very interesting group was one of the features of the Show, and attracted a great deal of attention. Sir Frederick Wigan showed a remarkably fine group, which gained a ‘Silver Cup. It comprised over ninety species, varieties, and hybrids, in the arrangement of which Mr. Young had been particularly successful. Among the more interesting plants we noted Cattleya Skinneri alba with twenty- three flowers, C. intermedia Parthenia, C. Forbesii, C. Schilleriana, and good examples of the showier species, Ccelogyne pandurata with a spike ot eleven flowers, C. asperata, C. Massangeana, and the charming little C. Schilleriana, Lelia grandiflora (majalis) bearing three large flowers on a single spike, L. Boothiana, L. x cinnabrosa, some good L. purpurata, Lzlio-cattleya xX superbo-elegans, L.-c. x Rex, L.-c. X Helena, L.-c. x highburiensis with sixteen flowers, and others, the graceful Brassia brachiata, Aérides Fieldingii, Brassavola Digbyana, Thunias, a noble specimen of Cymbidium Lowianum, the fine C. x I’Ansoni, Platyclinis longifolia, Maxillaria Sanderiana, Dendrobium Parishii, a fine D. thyrsi- -florum, Angraecum Sanderianum, Phalzenopsis fuscata, P. Lueddemanniana, P. amabilis, some fine Odontoglossum species and hybrids, including O. x Rolfeze with a spike of nine fine flowers, Oncidium Marshallianum, O. Gardneri, the graceful O. phymatochilum, O. olivaceum, Cypripediums Druryi, Mastersianum, Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, callosum Sandere, hirsutissimum, bellatulum and allies, &c., Houlletia odoratissima, Colax jugosus, Epidendrum campylostalix, Miltonias, Masdevallia simula, M. peristeria, M. coccinea, M. Veitchiana, &c. A First-class Certificate was given to Pholznopsis Sanderiana Wigan’s var., a bright rose-coloured form, and an Award of Merit to Cypripedium x Godefroyz lencochilum pulchellum, in which the markings were rose-purple in colour. J. Coleman, Esq., also received a Silver Cup for a splendid group, containing many well-grown Cattleyas, Lelias, Odontoglossums, Miltonia vexillaria and Masdevallia coccinea, together with M. Veitchiana, M. cucullata, Cymbidium Lowianum, Cypripedium hirsutissimum, C. Mastersianum, Balbophyllum Lobbii, Lycaste aromatica, L. brevispatha, Lelio-cattleya x Dido, L.-c. x Sunrise (believed to be from L, flava and C. Gaskelliana), and Oncidium monachicum. Among the Odonto- glossums we noted the charming O. ramosissimum, O. X Andersonianum Ruckerianum, with a fine branching panicle of very large flowers, a fine O. polyxanthum, and some good O. crispum. W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hull, received a Silver-gilt Banksian Medal for a fine group, containing many good forms of Cattleya Mossie, C. M. Reineckeana, C. M. Wageneri, C. Mendelii, Thunia Marshalliana, two THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173. plants of the handsome Renanthera Imschootiana, Odontoglossums, Cypripedium Rothschildianum, Lelia cinnabarina, the remarkable Mas- devallia muscosa, Lelio-cattleya besides the usual instalment of well-known things. W. Duckworth, Esq., Flixton, was second, and W. E. Watson, Esq., Stretford, third. In the corresponding class for Nurserymen, Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, was first, with a splendid group, in which Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, and Lzlias were particularly good. Mr. J. Robson, Altrincham, was second. The prizes for the best ten Cattlevas and Lelias, and for ten specimen Orchids, also went to Mr. Cypher. For the best ten Odontoglossums, Mr. J. Robson was, curiously enough, the only exhibitor, and was awarded the second prize. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., staged a splendid group of Orchids, and were awarded a Gold Medal, also First-class Certificates for Odonto- glossum crispum Gladys, a heavily blotched form, and O. Pescatorei Charlesworthii, a beautiful white form blotched with violet, which was greatly admired. Awards of Merit were given to O. Hallii heatonense, Lzlio-cattleya X highburiensis nobilior, L.-c. X G. S. Ball, and L.-c. X Major-Gen. Baden-Powell. Messrs. John Cowan & Co. also gained a Gold Medal for a fine group, in which a plant of Coelogyne pandurata was conspicuous. An Award of Merit went to Odontoglossum crispum King of Spain. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. included some fine Orchids in a group of plants which also gained a Gold Medal. Messrs. Sander & Sons also staged a small group, consisting largely of good Odontoglossums. 184 THE ORCHID REVIEW. CYMBIDIUM RHODOCHILUM. OVER a year agoa few plants of this remarkable species were brought from Madagascar by M. G. Warpur, and now one of them is flowering very finely in the Orchid House at Kew. It was noted by M. Warper as follows :— ‘Cymbidium rhodochilum (Rolfe) is a scarlet-lipped species which always grows on masses of Platycerium, on the branches of high trees (chiefly of Albizzia fastigiata), near the rivers and on the higher slopes of the forest, at an elevation of 1,800 to 2,100 feet. It flowers in October, November, and December, and seems to prefera moderate degreee of humidity and much light. The rest of the flower is green ”’ (Orch. Rev., ix, p. 10). It proves to be a very handsome thing. The pseudobulbs are tufted, three to five inches long, and bear about ten gracefully arching leaves, and a scape about two feet long, with twenty flowers and buds. The sepals are light green, reflexed, and two inches long. The petals are suberect, thickly spotted with dark olive green on a light green ground, and about as long as the petals. The lip is three-lobed, with the side lobes resembling the petals in colour, except that the blotches are larger, and the large obcordate front lobe is crimson, and over 14 inches broad at its greatest expanse, with a yellow band down the disc spotted with olive green. It is strange that so striking a plant should not have been introduced before. It appears to have a good constitution, and is likely to prove a great horticultural acquisition. There are two other Madagascar species, C. flabellatum, Lindl., and C. Humblotii, Rolfe, the former of which is not yet known in cultivation. The latter was described in 1892 (Gard. Chron., 1892, xii, p. 8), when it flowered in the collection of C. Ingram, Esq., of Godalming. Mr. Warpur also met with this plant, and tells me that it always grows on the stem of the palm called Raphia madagascariensis. R. A. ROLFE. ee re UsE OR ORNAMENT.—What can be the function of the remarkably attenuated drooping petals of Paphiopedilum Sanderianum and Phragmi- pedilum caudatum? We are generally taught that all such modifications of structure have their use, if only we were able to discover what it is. The two plants grow in countries far apart, yet the form of the petals is so similar as to suggest that they have some common function. They elongate with great rapidity after the flower opens, and one is inclined to wonder whether they serve as ladders by which some insect climbs up to the flower and fertilizes it. Observation of the plants in their native homes might provide a clue. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185 CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JUNE. By JoHN Mackay, The Gardens, Highbury, Birmingham. For temperatures and management of the various departments see last month’s Calendar. The cold spell of weather experienced during last month was not at all favourable to the growth of Orchids; more fire heat was needed in order to keep the temperatures correct than is usual at this time of year, the regulation of which required careful handling. Every encouragement should be given to the plants in each department, by attention to important details, such as watering and damping down, both of which are essential to their welfare. Although there is always something in need of attention in the way of repotting, &c., the bulk of this work will have been attended to. These plants should be given the best possible conditions in their growing quarters, and where this operation has been carried out successfully they will soon begin to show the benefits derived therefrom. Plants that are growing and rooting freely will require water more copiously than hereto- fore, the exception being with plants that are in leaf soil, as a less quantity will suffice in this case. Tuunias.—Plants of Thunia Bensoniz, T. Marshalliana, T. x Veitchii, and T. alba, which were potted as advised, will be about to expand their flowers and should have every encouragement ; their pots will be now filled -with roots and must not be allowed to become dry. Light applications— two or three times a week—of liquid cow manure will greatly assist their development at the present time. After flowering, the plants should be removed to a house where plenty of sunshine and free ventilation can be given to mature the growths, keeping a sharp look-out for red spider and thrips, as these pests are very partial to their tender foliage, but can be kept in check by cccasionally sponging the leaves with XL-All Insecticide. CALANTHES.—These plants are making rapid headway, and may have ‘water applied more freely, taking care not to do this where the plants are not rooting freely, be¢ause excess at this period invariably ends in the foliage and bulbs becoming subject to that disease called Spot, whereas a little extra care would give the cultivator good, strong, clean, healthy growth, which is always more desirable than seeing them in the former case. CaATTLEYA WARSCEWICzII (GIGAS).—This is a most desirable species to have, and is certainly one of the most useful late summer flowering ‘Cattleyas when it thrives, and flowers annually. When grown suspended near the roof glass, or in a position where plenty of strong light is afforded, little difficulty is experienced to induce them to flower. Their growths will now ‘be in an advanced stage and will socn be showing their sheaths, and when 186 THE ORCHID REVIEW. these are apparent water may be applied more freely. Secure the growths by carefully tying the same to the suspending wires of the receptacles. Very often this Cattleya has a tendency to make secondary growth; especially is this the case with those that commence to grow early in the year, and to obviate this, a good plan is, as soon as the flowering is past, to remove them to a dryer position, where more ventilation can be given. Shade from the sun’s rays during the hottest part of the day, and give water sufficient only to prevent the pseudobulbs from unduly shrivelling. Should second growths make their appearance, the plants should be given every assistance, in order to mature the same before the late autumn, because this is necessary in order to maintain the plant in a satisfactory condition, and favourable to their flowering another year. C. Dowiana aurea is another species which needs similar conditions, and is a lovely Cattleya when grown successfully. These plants grow well at Highbury, suspended in a corridor. They require a good season of rest, and very little root moisture should be given during this stage. The plants are now commencing to grow freely, and must have water carefully applied until the leaf commences to expand, and the sheath is observed within. Give plenty of warmth and moisture, in order to ripen the growth quickly, and when out of flower remove them so that cooler treatment may be afforded. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA will be making a good show at this period, and as they pass out of flower they should be given fairly dry conditions, with a limited supply of water at the roots, for a few weeks. At this stage the least excess will often cause decay about the base of the pseudobulbs, which makes them appear unsightly, and very often ends in the loss of the plant altogether. Frequent dampings between the pots will sustain their vigour until the new growths are well away from the base, when: more water may be given to the roots without fear of injury. DENDRoBIUMS of the thrysiflorum and densiflorum section will now be starting into growth freely. A position should be given them in the warmest house until this is completed, when they should be removed to: cooler quarters, gradually hardening them so as to withstand the cool- house temperature for the winter. When so grown and treated in this. way, these species give desirable results, which are not obtainable when the plants are compelled to rest in heat and moisture. ODONTOGLOssuM HARRYANUM may now be repotted, for roots will be forming at the base of the new growths. The plants seem to grow best here in the Intermediate house; ina compost consisting of equal parts. of fibrous loam and _turfy peat, with an addition of chopped sphagnum. moss, using the bracken rhizome for drainage. Press the compost moderately firm, and afford the plants moisture at the roots liberally at all seasons, for shrivelling of the pseudobulbs will soon occur if they: THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187 are allowed to become dry. This is more apparent when in flower, and the bulbs will ofcen shrink after the flowers are removed, but with a little attention the normal condition may soon be regained. MASDEVALLIAS are giving a grand display, and these will require to be shaded from bright sunlight, and the house in which they are grown kept as cool as possible during the summer months. The plants should be examined carefully for insect pests, or else disfigurement of their foliage will soon occur if neglected, and nothing looks more unsightly. Such plants as Cattleyas Mossie and Mendelii, Lelia purpurata, Sobralias, and others now in bloom may have attention as soon as flowering is past, giving them a fresh compost whenever this is desirable, or otherwise renovating them as needs require. Plenty will be found to do, in the way of cleaning, and nothing tends to improve the look of the plants generally, than does the clean, tidy appearance of foliage, pots, and stages. Give attention to any plants that require a new stick, so that any fresh growths may be firmly secured. Less. risk is incurred if attention be given at the right time to this necessary detail. THE R.H.S. JOURNAL. THE April issue of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society con- tains two papers of great interest to Orchidists. The first is entitled ‘‘ Mendel’s ‘ Law’ applied to Orchid Hybrids,” by Capt. C. C.. Hurst» F.L.S., F.R.H.S. After a short statement of Mendel’s formula and theory, we have a note on “the advantages of Orchid Hybrids for Observations in Heredity,” as follows :— 1. The natural order Orchideze contains a large number of genera and species with a wide range of variation. 2. Many of the species have attained toa high degree of specializa- _ tion among flowering plants. 3. Orchid hybrids, between distinct species, and even genera, are now very numerous in gardens, and, as a rule, are very fertile as compared with some plant hybrids. 4. Orchid hybrids being valuable commercially, their pedigrees are» as a rule, carefully kept ; and the literature devoted to them is very exten- sive, containing not only written records, but also valuable reproductions of paintings, photographs, and drawings, all of which are, and will be, invaluable for future reference. 5. Orchid hybridisation has progressed so rapidly of late that we have already complex hybrids combining in their pedigree no less than five distinct species, and further developments are confidently anticipated. in a very short time. 188 THE ORCHID REVIEW. 6. True specific characters are more easy to follow in a complex hybrid than varietal, or even racial ones. ; 7. Inisolated Orchid species the pedigree of pure specific characters is known to have been the same for many generations, thus being less liable to reversion than mere racial or varietal characters, whose origin is comparatively recent. The author then goes on to explain that when two distinct species of Orchids of the same genus are crossed together, the resulting hybrid is, as a whole, fairly intermediate between the two parents. But if, as in Mendel’s system, each pair of specific characters be examined separately in a number of plants, it is found that the character of each species is, as a rule, inherited in different degrees by the hybrids. For example, Paphio- pedilum insigne has well defined spots on the dorsal sepal, which are absent in P. Spicerianum, while in P. x Leeanum, the hybrid between them, a few forms may be found almost as much spotted as in P. insigne; a few others (even from the same capsule), as spotless as P. Spicerianum; a third moiety will be truly intermediate, showing spots reduced in size and number; while the great majority will vary on either side of the truly intermediate form, right up to the two extremes, making a perfect series. This rule may be extended to other characters and other hybrids. In order to avoid ambiguity it is proposed to call all forms which deviate 25 per cent. or less from either parent ‘‘specific,’”’ and they are marked “A” and ‘“‘a,” while the remainder (varying less than 25 per cent from the mean) are called ‘“‘intermediate,” and marked “‘ Aa.” In the case of P. X Leeanum, a large number of hybrids were analysed, giving in all 492 characters, 248 of which were “specifics” and 244 ‘‘intermediates.” And the case is put thus :—“ Now, if P. Spicerianum = A, and P. insigne = a, the precise formula in this case works out as 127 A + 244 Aa + 121 a, which, considering the small numbers used, is a close approximation to A +a+ Aa+ a, which agrees with Mendel’s observations in the case of peas. The result of analysing upwards of 110 hybrids of different genera agrees substantially with the preceding, but the author proposes to show in a subsequent paper that ‘“‘this formula of Mendel, though useful as a working formula for hybrids of a certain ancestry, has its limitations; and that Mendel’s theory in explanation of that formula cannot generally be maintained with Orchid hybrids,” or, in other words, that ‘‘ Mendel’s formula is not a general law, but simply a particular formula for a particular group of hybrids and crosses.” This second paper will be awaited with interest. The second paper is a ‘“ List of Orchids used in the fertilization of Hybrids which have received either First-class Certificates or Awards of THE ORCHID REVIEW. 180 Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society, to December 3tst, 1gOI,” compiled by J. Gurney Fowler, Treasurer. It also serves as an Index to the Society’s Collection of Paintings, for after the name we find numbers, in brackets, which indicate the number of paintings, either of the hybrid or its varieties, in the R.H.S. collection, and thus the list has a special value. We may add that it extends to twenty-eight pages, the parents being arranged alphabetically, and thus each hybrid occurring twice. | In a valuable paper on “Plant Diseases,” by George Massee, F.L.S.., we find a figure of the Orchid leaf-rust (Gleeosporium cinctum), though we fail to find a reference to it in the text. The abstracts, as usual, are valuable, and we find the Orchid Review in the list of Journals—but where, oh where, are the abstracts ? ORCHIDS IN SEASON. THREE very handsome hybrids are sent from the collection of Sir James. Miller, Manderston, Duns., N.B., by Mr. Hamilton. Leelio-cattleya X Lady Miller (L. cinnabarina X C. granulosa Schofieldiana) is a rich orange- yellow flower with some darker veining on the lip, but one of the two forms sent has the very undulate front lobe rich crimson. The others are L.-c. x Hyeana and L.-c. X Major-General Baden-Powell, the former a seedling from Lelia purpurata, and the latter from L. tenebrosa, the pollen parent in each case being Cattleya Lawrenceana. Flowers of three handsome Lelia cinnabarina hybrids, namely L. x Latona, L. x cinnabrosa, and Lelio-cattleya X Hippolyta, were afterwards sent. A fine flower of Lelio-cattleya X Major-Gen. Baden-Poweil is also sent from the collection of J. E. Vanner, Esq., Chislehurst, by Mr. Robbins, together with a beautiful light form of Cattleya Mossiz, and two dark late- flowering forms of Paphiopedilum insigne. A beautiful flower of Odontoglossum x Rolfez is sent from the collec- tion of E. Rogerson, Esq., Oakdene, West Didsbury. The spots of the petals and lips are small, numerous, and more or less confluent. There seems to be the usual amount of variation between the individuals of this hybrid, which represents one of M. Vuylsteke’s greatest successes. A good form of Lzelio-cattleya ¥ Schilleriana is sent from the collection of Captain Law-Schofield, Rawtenstall, Manchester, by Mr. Schill. The pollinia are very unequal, but the flower in other respects looks about three- fourths Lelia purpurata, the petals being 13 inches across, and the front of the lip very richly coloured. The bulbs are noted as about a foot long and the leaves five to six inches. Flowers of several very beautiful Odontoglossums are sent from the collection of Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury, by Mr. Alexander. 190 THE ORCHID REVIEW. O. X Adrianz is represented by the two handsome varieties Countess of Morley and Sybil, the latter from the plant which received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. the other day. It is quite exceptional in size, and the ground colour bright yellow, while the dark chocolate markings _ are partly represented as large irregulareblotches. O. Hunnewellianum and O. crispum are also sent, the latter being represented by a dozen fine forms, in which the range of variation between white and rose, and spotted and unspotted forms, is well shown. In O.c. Trianz the spots are absent from the petals. The others are O. X Andersonianum Ruckerianum, O. cirrhosum Klabochorum, and a good O. Hallii. Two beautiful inflorescences of O. crispum are sent from the collection of D. M. Grimsdale, Esq., of Uxbridge, together with a very large form of O. Pescatorei, a curious flower of Cattleya Mendelii consisting of two large sepals and petals, and a flower of Paphiopedilum Appletonianum. A very fine flower of Cattleya Skinneri is also sent. A remarkable form of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana is sent from the collection of Dr. C. Eastwick-Field, Midhurst, Sussex. It is very interesting and beautiful. An extremely fine form of “Cypripedium macrochilum gigantaum”’ is sent from the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Whitefield, by Mr. Johnson, in which three-flowers are expanded together, and the petals attain a length of twenty-two inches. A fine form of Lezelio-cattleya x Schilleriana is sent from the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno, by Mr. Axtell, together with an inflorescence of Odontoglossum gloriosum, a plant which will always be interesting as one parent of the numerous forms of O. x Andersonianum. alae Riga FALSE HYBRIDS. Doers the curious Phaio-Cymbidium x chardwarense, noted at page 117, come under the above heading? Mr. Morris, Mr. Moore’s gardener, writes that the seed from Phaius grandifolius x Cymbidium giganteum was sown on a large pot of the latter, but did not appear for twelve months, though after the plant was repotted the seedlings came up from very low down in the pot, and still continue to come. Some have been potted up every year, and there are still about a dozen on the pot. Thers is said not to be the slightest sign of Cymbidium in the habit of the seedling or the spike, though the lines of C. giganteum are very apparent on the flower. A note in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (p. 322) speaks of it as resembling Phaius x maculato-grandifolius, the flowers being yellow, with reddish markings on the sepals and petals, and a showy claret purple tint on the lip, and THE ORCHID REVIEW. I9I that Mr. Moore is as confident as can be that the seedlings were obtained in the manner indicated. It also notes that ‘‘among other strange crosses is that of Zygopetalum Mackaii X Cymbidium giganteum, the develop- ment of which will be watched with interest.’”’ Some hybrid seedlings in the collection raised between Cattleya citrina and Brassavola Digbyana are more likely to show the true intermediate character, iii : NOTES. THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on June roth, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. On June 24th and 25th, the Society will hold a Conference on Roses at Holiand House, Kensington, by kind invitation of the Rt. Hon. the Earl of Ilchester. This meeting will take the place of one of the ordinary fortnightly shows, and all classes of plants, &c., may be exhibited. The Orchid Committee will meet at noon of the former day, and plants for Certificate may be entered up to 10.30, but groups must be entered with the Secretary not later than June 17th. The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on June 5th and 19th. The Committee meets at noon, and exhibits are open to inspection from 1 to 3 p.m. A recent issue of the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal contains descriptions of twelve new Orchids, from the Western Himalaya, by Mr. J. F. Duthie. They were chiefly collected by Mr. P. W. Mackinnon, who has taken a keen interest in the botany of the Missouri district, and has trained some intelligent hillmen to work as collectors. Cirrhopetalum Hookeri is interesting as being epiphytic on Rhododendron arboreum, at 5,000 to 6,000 feet elevation in Tehri-Garhwal, and Cymbidium Mackinnoni as the nearest ally of the Japanese C. virescens, both having a single-flowered scape, in this respect resembling Maxillaria. VANILLA CULTURE IN BENGAL.—Indian Gardening for May 8th (page 326) alludes to the experimental cultivation of the Vanilla planifolia in the gardens of the Agri-Horticultural Society of India, and remarks that it may interest readers to know that the Vanilla plants are making most vigorous growth, and have fully established themselves on the stakes. All the older vines are laden with pods of fine size and substance, many of the pods being over nine inches long already, and have another four months yet to grow in. 192 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ORCHID PORTRAITS. BRASSOLELIA X HELEN.—Le Jardin, 1902, p. 14y, fig. 70. CATTLEYA X HYBRIDA PICTA.—Amer. Gard., xxiii., pp. 306, 307, fig. 70. CATTLEYA X TRIANZ VAR. MEMORIA LINDENI.—Lindenia, t. 770. CyYPRIPEDIUM X AURIFERUM.—Lindenia, t. 771. C. X BrRuUNHILD.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxi., p. 350, fig. 118. C. x Emperor oF InpIA.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 423, with fig. C. X OLENUS.—Garden, 1902, lix., p. 355, with fig. DENDROBIUM WARDIANUM VAR. FASCINATOR.—Lindenia, t. 772. GRAMMATOPHYLLUM SPECIOSUM (at Singapore).—Garden, 1902, lix., p- 357, with fig. La&.ia ANCEPS AMESIZ.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 269, with fig. L. x Latrona.—Journ., Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 379, with fig. L#LIO-cCATTLEYA X PRINCE LEopoLp.—Revue Hort. Belge, 1902, p. 73, with plate. L.-c. X QUEEN ALEXANDRA.—Gard. Chron., 1902, Xxxi., p. 340, with suppl. fig. LycasTE X LUCIANI VAR. SUPERBA.—Lindenia, t. 76g. Mirtonia RoEzLu.—A mer. Gard., xxiii., pp. 288, 2809, fig. 66. M. VEXILLARIA.—A mer. Gard., xxiil., pp. 288, 291, fig. 67. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Miss LucIENNE LINDEN.—Gard. Chron., 1902, Xxxi., p. 289, fig. go. O. c. Ropert McVitt1e.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 445, with fig. O. HALLtit QUEEN ALEXANDRA.—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 302, with fig. ZYGOPETALUM SCHRGDERIANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 402, with fig. CORRESPONDENCE. (Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in some cases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings sent for name, the parentage and history should always be briefly stated, for without these details we are not weys able to deal with them satisfactorily, A. L. J. _Odontoglossum eee hystrix. The large ve crispum is Bon ut the other is poor, which may arise from. weakness. The s true, and coming . Ha at of supposed O. triumphans pinate scene some mixture after “tes collected, for one — species comes from Ecuador and the other from Colombia W. P. B. Brassia Lanceana. he hee is probably new. Cypripedium x Smeeanum has been doubt- Cae fully gett as hav e same parentage, rene we suspect it is really synonymous .. Cc. X eit "We vill try to clear the point up. Pe oo Gane gloriosum. The name O. mzevium is an echo of an old. biunter J. U. H. Odontoglossum x Andersonianum. 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BeADQuARTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKET PLACE, MANCHESTER. — t MEETING of the COMMITTEE. a members EATHERS, Hon. ; Botanical ¢ Garten, Manchester, ORCHID HOUSES A SPECIALITY. FOR Conservatories, Orchid Houses, Ferneries, Cucumber and Melon Houses, Vineries, etc. rece wl oS x pss (NR _ © — All Classes of Hot Water Boilers and Heating Apparatus. Printed by R. W. Simpson & Co., Ltd., Richmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey, SPR Nn et VoL. X.] 3 LULY; <¥60%. No. I15. THE ORCHID REVIEW: fin 3llustrated Monthly Journal, DEVOTE-D..TO- ORCHIDOLOGY.. Contents. PAGE PAGE ‘Calendar of Operations 48 Math .-- 197, Odontoglossum x _ armainvillierense Catasetum trifidum 3 a at og ardentissimum (Fig. 22) .. 209 ‘Cattleya Roezlii ate ake .., 222 | Odontoglossum oe grown. in leaf- uch epee Se: <: & 224 | ould (Fig. 21 201 Dies Or — Me ee --- 193 | Odontoglossum crispum Lady Jane Hybridis i. 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Sa Quarter column or eighth page ve OO Advertisements and late news should be received not later than the 24th of the month, Booksellers Wholesale Orders should be sent to : MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick Housz, PATERNOSTER Row, Lonpon, E.C. JAMES VEITCH & SONS, LTD. HARDY NYMPHALAS. DELIVERY FROM MAY TO SEPTEMBER. PRICE LIST for 1902 Now Ready- — Post Free on application. eer te : ——— oe ROYAL EXOTIC NURSERY, King’s Road, CHELSEA, ©.W- THE ORCHID REVIEW. VOL. Xi] JULY, 3002. [No. II5. DIES ORCHIDIANI. THE event of the month has been the flowering of that remarkable novelty, Cymbidium rhodochilum, in the Kew collection. During recent years there has been a dearth of novelties of striking character among imported Orchids, but here we have a marked exception to the rule. The strong contrast afforded by the large red lip against the black-spotted greeen petals, added to its graceful habit and imposing spike, are very striking—the colour indeed almost unique—and_ should it prove as easily grown as other Cymbidiums it ought to prove a great acquisition. It seems likely to remain rare for some time to come, for besides being reported as rare, it is said to be difficult to import alive ; still Iam told that there are plants in two or three different collections. I wonder what use the hybridist will be able to make of it. Mention of the plant recalls what I wrote two years ago (O.R., vili, p. 34) respecting the ‘‘ scarlet Cymbidium,” which had been a sort of legendary plant, but was ultimately identified with our old friend Eulophiella Elisabethe. At all events M. Humblot is reported to have said that he was nearly certain that it was communicated to Reichenbach, who called it Eulophia Loise-Chauvieri. Now the “ scarlet Cymbidium” was said to be Cymbidium Loise-Chauvieri—a plant equally legendary—and the question arose, ahd still remains, whether the two plants were not one and the same. Judging by the records of the last few years, I think we may term Mada- gascar the “‘ home of mystery ’’—at all events so far as things Orchidic are concerned. Lastly, the name is felicitous, and I say this deliberately, and in spite of the new canon of nomenclature to which I called attention last month. It is significant and descriptive, and therefore eminently appropriate. What’s in a name? The question crops up again in a somewhat dierent form. Not long ago we had a discussion on what may be termed 194 THE ORCHID REVIEW. the inviolability of the registered names of Certificated Orchids, and I remarked at page 129 that, apart from other considerations, we were likely to be confronted with the difficulty of ascertaining what those names really were. The various reports of the recent Temple Show furnish other examples than the one I called attention to. You state, at page 175, that a First-class certificate was given to M. Ch. Vuylsteke’s beautiful Odontoglossum X ardentissimum, but the other reports call it O. crispum ardentissimum, and the question arises which is correct. The plant, I observed, was exhibited under the former name, and one might suspect that the alteration was made by the Orchid Committee, but then a con- fusion occurs with respect to three other of M. Vuylsteke’s Odontoglossums. . You say that Awards of Merit were also given to O. X concinnum, O. X dulce, and O. X venificum, and in this some other reports agree, but the Gardener's Chronicle reports these also as varieties of O. crispum. In the face of these contradictions, I suppose we must again await the Society’s official report, to know what the recognized names really are, as in the case of Cattleya amethystoglossa Sandere. But if the officially recognised names, should happen to be botanically incorrect, what then? I make the remark because of the uncertainty as to what these plants really are. Your report says :—“ The parentage of these four hybrids was not recorded, but they seemed to combine the characters of O. Pescatorei and heavily spotted forms of O. crispum.” This uncertainty is unfortunate, but we know that M. Vuylsteke has been phenomenally successful in raising hybrid Odontoglossums, and I have a shrewd suspicion that these plants were not imported ones. But if raised artificially something ought to be known respecting their origin, and if known it ought to be recorded when the plants are exhibited. The Manchester Orchid Society has a rule that—‘‘ Members are requested to state the parentage of all Hybrid Orchids submitted for adjudication when possible, otherwise they are liable to disqualification.” The object is good, but I do not know how far it is acted upon. Indeed the wording of the rule is suggestive of a request for information for the guidance of the Committee rather than anything of a penal character, and the final clause was perhaps only added as a mild way of dealing with refractory exhibitors—if such there should be—who withold information from the Committee which they are known to possess. Of course it is sometimes impossible for the raiser to state the parentage of a hybrid, for seedlings have a way of coming up in the most unexpected places, owing to the seeds getting blown away, displaced by watering, and occasionally, I believe, through being carried about by ants, but such accidents can THE ORCHID REVIEW. 195 generally be rectified if records of the original crosses are carefully kept, as they always should be, and I hope that M. Vuylsteke will not always have to say, as at page 170, “It is not possible to state exactly the parentage,” and ‘“‘I cannot guess its origin.” It ought to be possible in the majority of cases, but, whether that applies to the present one or not, I cannot imagine any Orchid Committee disqualifying such a beautiful plant as the one exhibited by M. Vuylsteke as O. x ardentissimum, parentage or no parentage. I hope we shall have this matter cleared up, for the records at present are unsatisfactory in the extreme. We have further evidence of the progress being made in raising seedling Odontoglossums, in the presence of a beautiful hybrid, called O. x Queen Alexandra, in the collection of J. Rutherford, Esq. And in this case, fortunately, we are not left in doubt about the parentage, for we are told that it was raised from O. Harryanum crossed with O. xX excellens. I believe this plant was raised in the collection, and that there are one or two more seedlings from the same capsule which have not yet flowered. Perhaps one of these days we shall find out how to grow seedling Odontoglossums as easily as some other genera, and then we shall see what we shall see. Speaking of progress in hybridisation reminds me of M. Maron’s beautiful hybrid Brassolelia x Helen, which appeared in Messrs. Charlesworth’s group at the Temple Show, and which is so well figured at page 169. I noticed that the flower had more colour than the majority of Brassavola Digbyana hybrids, and this might be expected in a seedling from Lelia tenebrosa. The hybrids from B. Digbyana are rapidly becoming an extensive group, and I believe that there are in existence a large number of unflowered seedlings. The discussion respecting the use of leaf-mould seems to have taken a new turn, judging by the notes at p. 165. It is now a question of feeding, or manure, whichever way one cares to put the question, but it is rather curious to find that while the use of mineral fertilisers should be so _ strongly recommended in America—it seems to have almost become an institution there—yet we find one American grower remarking:—‘‘I have never found any benefit from it.” All, however, seem to deprecate the use of leaf-mould as a potting material under the climatic conditions which obtain in America. We scarcely know where we are, but is it after all chiefly a question of food supply, as stated with such confidence ? ARGUS. 196 THE ORCHID REVIEW. VANDA x CONFUSA. THE reappearance of the rare Vanda ccerulescens var. Boxallii in the Glasnevin Botanic Garden, and a comparison with its allies, confirms an opinion I formed some years ago that Reichenbach’s plant of this name is a natural hybrid between V. ccerulescens and V. parviflora, and induces me to publish a note nearly completed at that period. V. ccerulescens var. Boxallii was described over 25 years ago by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1877, vil, p.749). Among the differences from the typical form pointed out by the author were the white sepals and petals, a shorter conical spur, and the blade of the lip less dilated at the apex. It appeared in the establish- ment of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., at Upper Clapton, and almost immediately afterwards was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 6328). A fine inflorescence from Baron Schréder’s collection is preserved at Kew. On comparing this with an inflorescence of the type, sent for determination by Mr. J. W. Moore, of Bradford, I was much struck with the much smaller flowers of the former, and particularly the very short lip—characters which are as strongly marked as those pointed out by Reichenbach—and this led me to compare it with V. parviflora, a widely diffused species, said to be generally distributed in Burma, and thus likely to occur with V. ccerulescens, with which the present one was imported. The result is that, apart from colour, I find the present one almost exactly intermediate. V. parviflora has light yellow sepals and petals, and some dark slate-blue markings on the lip, while V. ccerulescens has pale lilac-blue sepals and petals, the front lobe of the lip dark purple-blue, and the side lobes yellowish, and so far as the sepals and petals are concerned these colours would be expected to neutralise each other, and come out whitish, in a hybrid between the two, which I believe the present plant to be. Some of our hybridists should cross the two together and let us know the result. As we have already a V. Boxallii—perhaps only a variety of V. lamellata—the above name is proposed. It may be added that the characters above pointed out are equally marked in the plant which has now flowered at Glasnevin, which is sent as “ received from Burma as V. ccerulescens, but is quite distinct.” There is a V. ccerulescens var. Lowiana described shortly afterwards by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1877, viii, p- 102), as follows:—This is an exceedingly pretty novelty. Givea Vanda coerulescens Boxallii an amethyst- coloured middle segment of the lip, and a little dot at each end of the sepals, and you have this nicety, dedicated to Mr. Low, who was so lucky to intro- duce it.”” It would be interesting to see this if the plant is still in existence, for the question arises whether it may not have a similar origin. Ri: A. ROLE. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 197 CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS -FOR JULY. By JoHN Mackay, The Gardens, Highbury, Birmingham. THE welcome change in the weather of the past few weeks has had its beneficial effects to Orchids in general; growth generally has made rapid strides, which clearly shows that there is nothing like sun-heat for certain sections of Orchidee. Plenty of moisture will need to be distributed on the paths, stages, &c., in order to keep a nice genial, moist atmosphere, and above all, avoid the use of fire-heat, wherever this can be dispensed with. Give attention to svatering, never allowing a plant to remain dry at the root for any length of time. Now that growth is advancing, it should be free and rapid, whilst the natural means for promoting the same are at hand. With the excep- tion of the Cool House, all departments require a good amount of heat, and the plants should be given abundance of moisture, both at the root and overhead. : The repotting season, with but few exceptions, is practically over, and no plant should be disturbed at the root unless this is absolutely necessary, it being preferable to defer repotting operations until September. The principal work, meanwhile, will consist in giving attention to the require- ments of the plants with regard to water, &c., and keeping them free from insect pests. On the first sign of thrip or aphis, fumigate. with XL. All vaporising insecticide, and for red spider sponge with soapy rain water, mixed rather weak. Dendrobiums during the last few weeks have made rapid strides, and will continue to do so, provided enough humidity is maintained. This may be done by frequently syringing the plants, and damping the floors, staging, &c. When growth is completed, the plants should be gradually hardened off, by giving them a suitable position, and by all means avoid withholding water from the roots too quickly after growth is made, or harm will be the result. D. chrysanthum has completed growth, and the flower buds are very prominent. After blooming, remove it to a cooler house, where it can enjoy a long dry rest. The beautiful Cattleya Warscewiczii is making a grand display ; when out of bloom, or in cases where bloom is not apparent, and the pseudobulbs are completed, remove to an airy and sunny house, so that the growth can be well matured, and rested, for without this treatment satisfactory results will not be obtained. C. Gaskelliana will also bloom this month. It is a most easily grown and free-blooming species, and wherever necessary it may be repotted after flowering, when renewed root action takes place. Thunias will have finished blooming and should be removed, as previously advised in last month’s Calendar. 198 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Several very beautiful Orchids are just nowat their best. Amongst them may be mentioned Oncidium macranthum, which, when in good condition, produces spikes of enormous length, and it is only strong, healthy plants that will stand the strain of such flower-production successfully. It is a cool growing species, and delights in an abundance of water when growing, providing the compost is sweet and in a_ satisfactory condition. Odontoglossums Schlieperianum and Williamsianum are very similar in growth and bloom, which is now being produced. They grow well when given a position in intermediate temperature with O. grande, though the season of growth differs. The former commences to grow after blooming, and treatment must be given accordingly. Several of the Aérides are also very showy, amongst which may be mentioned A. japonicum, A. expansum Leoniz, A. virens, and A. affine roseum. They are all very fragrant, and much admired for their graceful habit. Angreecum articulatum is usually considered a most dhdatishactary Orchid to maintain in good condition for any lengthened period. The flower spike of this beautiful species is being produced, and, when fully expanded, should not under any circumstances be allowed to remain long on the plant, for doubtless this is one of the causes of failure, when such occurs. Leaving spikes on the plant too long, does, in the majority of cases, end in its gradual deterioration. It grows admirably here in the warmest house, and enjoys copious supplies of moisture at the root and overhead, whilst making growth, and is never allowed to remain dry in the winter. Another beautiful species producing spikes is Saccolabium Blumei, and it will give a fine display at a later period. Acineta Barkeri, having passed out of bloom, will be commencing new growth, and any top-dressing necessary may now be done. It succeeds well in baskets, suspended at the warmest end of the Intermediate house. Lelia prestans and Lelia Dayana, should they require it, may be repotted, for growth will now advance rapidly. Suspend them in the Intermediate house, and give copious supplies of water until growth is matured. Odontoglossum Rossii, having been kept moderately dry since the flowering period, will now be starting into growth, and anything in the nature of top-dressing may be carried out. It does best in small pans or baskets, and should be suspended in the Cool House. Cypripediums will need watching carefully for any sign of thrip, as disfigurement of foliage will soon occur if neglected; fumigate as soon as this is apparent. The same may be said of the Selenipediums. Many of the Catasetums, Cycnoches, and Mormodes will bloom towards the latter end of the month, and should have water supplied freely until that period is past. When the flowers are done the plants should commence their ripening process by being suspended in a light, airy THE ORCHID REVIEW. 199 position, and water gradually reduced. Do not expose to full sunlight until properly matured. : Disa grandiflora.—This interesting cool Orchid is always admired where .it can be grown with success. Blooming at the present time its flowers are very welcome, when most Orchidaceous plants are over and making new pseudo-bulbs for another season. If kept cool and shaded from the sun, the flowers will last well into August. When fully expanded, they require keeping a little drier, both at the root and in the atmosphere, but whilst in bud a slight spraying over once a day will be very beneficial. A short rest should be given before new growth commences, by placing them outside in some shady nook until required for repotting in September, when I shall have more to say regarding this operation. A sharp look-out for slugs and woodlice is necessary whilst occupying a position outside. CATASETUM TRIFIDUM ¢g AND 32. ANOTHER interesting case of the production of flowers of both sexes of a Catasetum can now be recorded, and, fortunately, it carries our knowledge of the genus a step further. Early in June an inflorescence of three female flowers, with a number of abortive bracts, was sent to Kew for determination by Mr. F. W. Moore, A.L.S., of Glasnevin, with the information that the plant was received from Brazil through M. Binot. The sepals, petals, and lip were heavily spotted with dark brown, in a way not previously observed, and as the species could not be determined it was requested that the plant should be marked and await the production of male flowers. Little over a week later came a fine inflorescence, bearing twenty flowers, which had since expanded on the selfsame plant, and these belonged to Catasetum trifidum, Hook. (Bot. Mag. t. 3262). Theoretically, then, the females should have belonged to Lindley’s original Monachanthus viridis (Bot. Reg., sub. t. 1538), though on comparison the two were markedly different I had assumed that Lindley’s original Monachanthus viridis and Myan- thus cernuus (the latter being identical with Catasetum trifidum) represented the two sexes of the same species. The drawings and specimens had been sent together to Sir William Hooker, from the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, by some person now unknown—who himself had observed that the bulbs and leaves were like those of a different flower—and were described together by Lindley, and I had added :—" The two drawings were evidently made by the same hand and at the same time, for the colours used, as well as the workmanship, are so identical as to leave no doubt on the subject. Looking at the two, there - cannot be the slightest doubt that they represent respectively the male and 200 THE ORCHID REVIEW. female flowers of the same species” (Journ. Linn. Soc., xxvii., p. 210). The last sentence proves to have been a too confident assumption, for we now have ocular demonstration of what the second sex is like. It has the general shape of those previously known, but the lip is rather short,, measuring six lines high by over ten broad, and is densely spotted inside and out with dark dusky brown, while the sepals and petals are as heavily marked as the lip, the spots moreover being confluent towards the apex of the sepals. The stout column is also speckled all over. It should be added that the males represent a very dark form of the species, the spots being much larger and the green ground colour much more reduced than in Bot. Mag., t. 3262. It would appear that there is also an unspotted form, for in the original drawing of C. umbrosum, Rodr. (Gen. et Sp. Orch. Nov. — 1., p. 129) the lip of the male flower has the same characteristic shape as in C. trifidum, and no other structural differerces can be detected, though, as Rodrigues remarks, both kinds of flower have the same green colour. There now remains the question as to what the original Monachanthus viridis really is. I have again compared the flower and drawing with the others preserved at Kew without identifying it. In size and shape it comes nearest to C. macrocarpum, but the sepals and petals are short, broad and obtuse, not at all acuminate, and the coloured drawing does not agree with Bot. Reg., t. 1752, which is known to be the female of this species. The colouring may be a little crude, but the other drawing (Myanthus cernuus) is sufficiently accurate, both in drawing and colour, and there is no reason to doubt their accuracy in this case, especially as the details of shape are borne out by the dried flower. Have we then a species nearly allied to C. macrocarpum growing near Rio de Janeiro? I do not find evidence of it, though, on.the other hand, C. macrocarpum itself extends so far south, for there is at Kew a single male flower collected near there by Miers. It is common in North Brazil, Guiana and Venezuela, extending also to Trinidad. It would be extremely interesting to have the point cleared up, for it seems absurd to have to confess that although collected near Rio, described seventy years ago, and represented by the original dried flower and coloured drawing of the entire plant, yet we remain ignorant of what it really is. And when we remember that the history of this genus forms one of the most romantic chapters in the annals of Orchidology, and that the females of over half the species are still unknown, it seems strange that it should not receive more attention. Fortunately we can report a little progress, and we may hope that collectors and cultivators will not neglect any opportunity of increasing our knowledge of this interesting group of plants. R. A. ROLFE. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201 ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM GROWN IN LEAF-MOULD. THE question of growing Odontoglossums and other Orchids in leaf-mould has been much discussed of late, and now we are able to show the result of the system. The annexed illustration shows a plant of Odontoglossum Fic. 21. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM GROWN IN LEAF-MOULD. crispum grown in leaf-mould, in the collection of Captain Holford, West- on-Birt, Tetbury. Mr. Alexander writes :—‘ The photograph represents an ordinary white form of O. crispum, but I think it will make an interesting ‘figure to show how Odontoglossums can be grown In leaf-soil. 202 THE ORCHID REVIEW. It was a rather poor plant when potted in Belgian leaf-soil, this being in May, 1gor, and you will see the improvement in the bulb made since. It flowered in May, 1902, bearing a branched spike three feet four inches long, with twenty-five flowers. The bulb shows a little sign of shrivelling, but after the spike had been removed a fortnight it became quite plump again, and now looks none the worse for carrying sucha spike. I might add that I use a little peat, chopped up and mixed with the leaf-soil, to keep it open and prevent it from becoming sodden. The photograph is by Mr. Lamb, of Tetbury.” We think the photograph speaks for itself, and if Odontoglossums can be grown thus in leaf-mould we have little doubt that it will be more largely used in future. We cannot, of course, say how much of Mr. Alexander’s success is, in this case, due to the compost used, and how much to the general treatment, and we would suggest that two dozen plants should be selected, as nearly equal in size and vigour as possible, and that half should be potted in the ordinary way and the other half in leaf-mould. They should then be carefully marked, and afterwards grown under precisely similar treatment, and the results noted. And should the difference between the two lots be very marked it would be interesting to have them photographed together. We have heard of those who, having tried the new system, have expressed their satisfaction with the results, and of those who are not, but we do not know of anyone who has yet tried the two systems side by side, under otherwise identical conditions—water, of course, being applied in accordance with the state of the compost; not indiscriminately. This should certainly be tried, and we cannot suggest any better method of deciding the merits of the two rival systems. SCUTICARIA DODGSONI. DorEs anyone know the above plant? A very pretty Scuticaria has flowered in the collection of C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate, which may possibly agree with it. Of the latter, Mr. Feiling’s gardener, Mr. Chas. Stocking, remarks :—‘‘ The plant is erect growing, with foliage in the style of Oncidium Jonesianum. I have asked several Orchid growers, but none appear to know what it is.” Reichenbach wrote in 1881 :—‘ Scuticaria Dodgsoni, Hort.—I must acknowledge at this place that I am ignorant as to what Scuticaria Dodgsoni is. The name is used in England just as if the plant were an established species. Perhaps it is, but no one of my numerous and well- instructed correspondents could help me. Mr. P. C. M. Veitch looked in vain over some English periodicals which I have not at hand. Mr. B.S. Williams was not very clear in his memory, though he quotes the plant in his Manual ; it also occurred in the catalogue of Messrs. Rollisson, late of Tooting, and in Mr. Stevens’ catalogue. The plant is a myth for me. If some of our readers could give us some information, perhaps even an THE ORCHID REVIEW. 203 indication, it might be very serviceable, provided we were favoured also with the name of the benefactor, as anonymous presents of this kind are apt to be dubious.” —Gard. Chron., 1881, xv., p. 9. In the seventh edition of Williams’ Orchid Grower’s Manual, dated 1885 (I cannot refer to an earlier one), we read:—‘‘S. Dodgsoni, Williams.—A very distinct and handsome species. The leaves are terete, a foot or more in length, and of a dark green colour. The peduncle is short, bearing two flowers; the sepals and petals light brown inside, darker at the base, and blotched with light yellow; the lip white, cup-shaped, beautifully streaked with light rose and yellow—said to have been introduced from Demerara.” —P: 572. So far as the details go, they indicate’an affinity with S. Hadwenii, with differences in colour, a feature also very marked in Mr. Feiling’s plant, though in the latter the sepals and petals are of a lurid red, with a few whitish markings, chiefly on the petals, and the lip is white, strongly veined throughout with purple-red. The lip is somewhat concave, but more distinctly three-lobed than in S. Hadwenii, the veins hairy, and the crest five-lobed—at least the two lateral teeth are again bifid. Has the missing plant re-appeared, or have we a new species to deal with? This plant is not a “‘ myth,” and surely some one can help us to clear the matter up. R. A. ROLFE, LAW NOTES. HucH Low & Co. v. APPLETON. On Wednesday, May 2gth, 1902, before Mr. Justice Lawrance and a special jury, an action was brought by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Enfield, against Mr. W. M. Appleton, of Weston-super-Mare, to recover damages for breach of warranty on the sale of an Orchid. Mr. Horridge, K.C., and Mr. Randolph appeared for the Plaintiffs, and Mr. Holman Gregory for the Defendant. Mr. Horridge, in opening the case, said that in May last the Pleintiffs purchased from the Defendant for £45 an Orchid warranted to be Cypripe- dium insigne Harefield Hall variety, but which, when it flowered in November turned out to be a common insigne, and therefore practically worthless. The plant was received by the Plaintiffs in May, and in August it was divided by Mr. Low, and one portion of it flowered in November as a common insigne. The Defendant appeared to have some - sort of contention that the plant could not have flowered in the time, also that the variety could not be identified by the foliage. Certain letters had also been produced from an Orchid grower in Yorkshire, a Mr. Keeling, from whom the plant was originally purchased, on which he would 204 THE ORCHID REVIEW. have to ask some questions. With respect to damages, as the plant had been purchased as a young growth, and divided into two, which if true would have been worth about £50 each, £100 was claimed. Mr. E. V. Low stated that he was a partner in the Plaintiffs’ firm; and had been connected with Orchid growing for twenty years. He had ‘dealt with Mr. Appleton for over ten years, and at the end of April, 1gor, he visited Mr. Appleton’s Orchid houses at Weston-super-Mare, and was shown two plants which were not in flower, for one of which he made an offer. On the roth May the plant was sent to Paddington by the Defendant, and was brought from there to their establishment by one of their employees. The plant was unpacked, and a wooden label was placed in the pot, marked with a private mark, as was always done with their choice varieties. The plant was then taken by Mr. I’Anson into the house where these particular varieties were grown. The plant then had on it an old flowered growth, a partially matured growth, and a break. The plant remained under Mr. I’Anson’s charge until the r9th of August, when he himself divided it. There was then on one portion one old flowered growth, and the one new growth which had matured, and on the other there was one growth and a break just showing. One of the two divisions was taken into the Phalznopsis house for a few weeks, and in November flowered as an ordinary insigne. He wrote to the Defendant on November 25th, and returned the two plants on the 28th. Before returning them he sent them to Mr. H. J. Chapman to confirm his view. There was no peculiarity about the Harefield Hall variety having red spots at the base of the leaves, any more than any other insigne, if grown under certain condi- tions. He would not expect to find the leaves slightly darker. This variety came out in the autumn of 1897—it came from Northern India— and was as valuable now as then, for there was a bigger demand last autumn, and at a higher price. They had 21 Orchid houses, and this plant was only in two of them the whole time. He examined these valuable plants daily and watched their growth. He did not consider the development of the growth from three to four inches in May to seven to nine inches in November to be an extraordinary one, and he thought the plant flowered in the natural course of events. He had never heard of a mistake occurring in their Orchid houses. Mr. G. T’Anson said that he was foreman of the East Indian Orchid department, and had been in the employ of the firm for over 25 years. He unpacked the plant when it came, saw it divided by Mr. Low, and would swear that the two plants in Court were the divided plants, and those that were sent to Mr. Appleton in November, but which Mr. Appleton returned. There were about 30 C. insigne in that house, belonging to six or seven varieties, but no common insignes and nothing with which the plants in THE ORCHID REVIEW. 205, question could have been mixed. He would not say that this variety had,. as a rule, highly spotted leaves. Mr. John Cowan, managing director of Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, said he had had about 25 years experience of Orchid growing. He: knew the variety in question very well, and, in his opinion, it was absolutely impossible to distinguish it by the leaves before it flowered. There was. nothing extraordinary about a plant in the condition described developing a. new break and flowering in November. Mr. H. J. Chapman said the two divided plants were brought to him by Mr. I’Anson, and they were clearly not the Harefield Hall variety. There was no very obvious difference between the foliage of that and an ordinary insigne. He found spots on the foliage of common insignes and of good ones too. It was a matter of cultivation, and he did not think that as a rule varieties with well spotted flowers had also well-developed spots on the: leaves. Mr. Henry Cook said he was gardener to the Rev. F. Paynter, of Stoke: Hill, Guildford, who was a considerable Orchid fancier. Mr. Paynter had. purchased a plant from Mr. Keeling in January, 1899, as Harefield Hall variety, which was afterwards split with a view of selling one at the sale of duplicates held in April, r900. It was advertised in Messrs. Protheroe and. Morris’ Catalogue, and two gentlemen came down to see it, one of whom. pronounced it not to be an insigne at all, but a villosum seedling. Both. ‘plants were subsequently returned to Mr. Keeling. Mr. Holman Gregory, in opening the case for the Defendant, said there: was no suggestion made by Mr. Appleton that the plaintiffs had acted fraudulently or improperly. What he said was this. I had a plant of Harefield Hall variety in my house, you came down and saw it, and purchased it. I sent that plant to you, but what you sent back in: November was not the variety I sent you, and a mistake had been made by’ the gardener or somebody. Defendant bought the plant from Mr. Keeling,. who himself bought it froma Mr. Young, of St. Albans, in September, 1899). in bud. In November it flowered correctly, and in December he divided it into four parts. Two of those parts were purchased by Mr. Appleton. One was a strong shoot which should have flowered in the ordinary course of events in the autumn of 1900, though as a matter of fact it did not flower till a year later. The other part was the old flowering shoot, which developed a. break in the following June. It was this break that was sold to Mr. Low, and expert witnesses would tell the Jury that in the usual course of events- it could not possibly flower until November, 1902. After hearing the evidence he should ask the Jury to say that the plants which Mr. Low sent back could not have been produced from the one sold to him, and that in some way a mistake had been made. 206 - [HE ORCHID REVIEW. Mr. John Brooks, gardener to the Defendant, said in June, 1goo, he received an Orchid from Mr. Keeling as the Harefield Hall variety. They had already two plants, and they put the new one with these. One of the two flowered in November, 1900, the other a year later, both true. The third one, received from Mr. Keeling, had one growth with four leaves on, and asmallback break. In April, 1g01, Mr. Low came and compared these three plants, and selected the one received from Mr. Keeling. It was duly packed, and taken to the railway station by himself, and he could swear that it was the plant they received. He unpacked the plants returned by’ Plaintiffs in November, 1go1, and he should say they were certainly not parts of the same plant which he had sent them in May. They had grown beyond all reason in Orchid culture, and they did not correspond to the plant which they had sent to Messrs. Low in respect of the markings at the base of the leaves. The three plants agreed in having dusky marks at the base of the leaves. In his opinion it was impossible for the plant sold to Messrs. Low to have flowered in November, Igor. Mr. W. M. Appleton said that he had been an Orchid grower in a large way for the last eleven years. He bought the disputed plant from Mr. Keeling on May 29, 1900, for £25 or £30, he was not sure which. It was placed with two others of the same variety, and there were no others near with which it could have been mixed. The plant when he purchased it had a break on it, and it subsequently developed another. In the ordinary course of events he should have expected the plant to flower about November, 1902. The two plants that were sent back to him, in his opinion, could not have come from the plant which he sold: there was a difference in the foliage, in the dark markings at the base of the leaves, and the two plants were of such a size that they could not possibly have been grown from the plant he sent. Anyone constantly handling Orchids could recognise a plant from the foliage. He would not say that he could tell a Harefield Hall variety by the foliage, but he should know immediately that a plant having practically no spotting on the leaves was a bad-coloured flower, but if it had spots on the leaves he should infer that it would have a spotted or a darkly-coloured flower. Differences in temperature and light in which the. plants were grown would cause variation in the spots. Mr. A. J. Keeling stated that he carried on business at High View Nursery, Cottingley, Bingley, and had known Orchids all his working life. In November, 1899, he purchased a plant of Harefield Hall variety from Mr. George Young, which flowered true. He divided it into four, and one of these parts was sold to Mr. Appleton. Knowing the plant, he should say it would be an impossibility for it to flower until 1902. He had never seen this variety without spots, and in his opinion the plants produced were not a part of the plant he sold to Mr. Appleton. The leaves were THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207 different in form and texture. He had heard Mr. Cook say that Mr. Paynter bought an Orchid from him which had been returned on the ground that it was not an insigne at all, and which he had taken back. In September he sold another plant of the Harefield Hall variety to a Mr. Riches, and in December, 1go1, Mr. Riches wrote saying that it had not proved true. Neither of these returned plants were part. of the one sold to Mr. Appleton. Mr. H. A. Burberry said he carried on business at King’s Heath, Birmingham, and had had 30 years experience of Orchid growing, and had been Orchid specialist to the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain. All the Harefield Hall variety that he had seen had spots on the foliage. If a plant had spots on the foliage he should expect to find the flower spotted, If-a growth were cut off and re-potted in December, 1899, and broke out in May, 1900, he should expect it to bloom in the following November twelve- months; he alluded to a growth, not a back break, the latter he should expect to flower in 1902. If the collar of a plant had been badly strained when travelling, he should expect that to check the growth. Mr. John Cypher, Queen’s Road Nursery, Cheltenham, gave evidence to the same effect. The Jury said they agreed that the plant sent back by the Plaintiffs was the one received by them, which his Lordship said was a verdict for the Plaintiffs. Mr. Holman Gregory said if the Jury had reached that conclusion he did not think he could carry the case any further. His Lordship thought the case had been fought very manfully. No fraud was imputed to Mr. Low, and in that case the whole thing went. All these things that these gentlemen had proved must have been well known to Mr. Low, who is an expert himself, and has been in the trade for many years. Mr. Holman Gregory said Mr. Appleton had said quite fairly from the beginning that he had not imputed anything improper. He then pro- ceeded to address the Jury on the question of damages. and his Lordship suggested that they should try to arrange the matter. After a short con- sultation between the parties, a verdict and Judgment for the Plaintiffs for £70 was agreed to, and his Lordship certified for a special Jury. OBITUARY. WiLLiam BuLL.—We regret to hear of the death of Mr. William Bull, V.M.H., F.L.S., &c., of Chelsea, which took place at his residence, after three days’ illness, his age being seventy-four years. Mr. Bull commenced business as a nurseryman in 1861, when he took over the premises and 208 THE ORCHID REVIEW. nursery stock of Messrs. John Weeks & Co., King’s Road, Chelsea, but previously he had been traveller for Messrs. Rollisson & Son, and then for Messrs. E. G. Henderson. His Establishment for New and Rare Plants soon became famous for the constant succession of novelties which were sent out from it. His first list contained a number of rare and interesting Orchids, of which Cattleya amethystoglossa was mentioned as a fine novelty, and offered at the price of five and ten guineas, other fine things being Lycaste Skinneri alba, Trichopilia crispa, Aérides affine niveum, A. Warneri, Saccolabium curvifolium, Phalznopses, Cypripediums, Ancecto- chili, &c. Orchids and Warm-house flowering and ornamental-leaved plants were the principal objects of his business. The former were favourites with him, his knowledge of them being extensive, and his annual exhibition was for years a great centre of attraction. An account of one of these exhibitions may be found in our second volume (pp. 213-214). About the year 1880 Mr. Bull sent out Mr. E. Shuttleworth and Mr. J- Carder in search of Orchids and other plants, as a result of which a good many interesting things were introduced, two of those which occur to us being Oncidium tetracopis and O. cryptocopis, allies of O. macranthum. His success was largely due to his energy and business acumen, whatever he undertook being carried out thoroughly. Of late years he had turned his attention to Orchid hybridising, though the results for the most part have yet to be seen, this being a work in which a good deal of patience is necessary. His death creates a vacancy in the ranks of the Victoria Medallists of Horticulture. H. H. HUNNEWELL.—This well-known gentleman passed away at his residence, Wellesley, Mass., on May 2oth, aftera long illness, at the mature age of g2 years. He was a liberal patron of horticulture, and his garden was one of the most famous in the United States, including fine collections of Orchids, Rhododendrons, Coniferz, &c., all of which were great favourites with him. He was one of the leading exhibitors of Orchids at the meeting of the new Horticultural Hall, at Boston, Mass., in July, Ig01, when the unique idea of arranging the exhibits systematically, irrespective of ownership, was carried out, some six-hundred specimens being arranged in their respective genera, with only a special mark for their subsequent identification. He had been a member of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for fifty years, and amember of Harvard University, who had conferred upon him the honorary degree of M.A., in recognition of his scholarly proclivities and his many public services. He is commemorated by the pretty little Odontoglossum Hunnewellianum (Rolfe), which was named after him in 1889. ~ THE ORCHID REVIEW. 20g ODONTOGLOSSUM x ARMAINVILLIERENSE VAR. ARDENTISSIMUM. AT the recent Temple Show a remarkably handsome Odontoglossum was exhibited by Mr. Ch. Vuylsteke, of Loochristi, Ghent, under the name of O. X ardentissimum, to which a First-class Certificate was given, as ODONTOGLOSSUM X ARMAINVILLIERENSE VAR. ARDENTISSIMUM. FIc. 22. recorded at p.175. Most of the papers recorded it as O. crispum ardent- issimum, but whether this was a mistake or a change of name by the Orchid Committee is not apparent. On examining it we were immediately struck with the combination of characters of O. Pescatorei and O. crispum that it presented, and concluded that it had been raised by crossing the former with a heavily spotted form of the latter. There were three other handsome spotted forms in the collection, labelled O. x concinnum, O. X 210 THE ORCHID REVIEW. dulce, and O. x venificum, each of which received an Award of Merit, and these, though different, also presented the characters of the same two species. We therefore wrote to M. Vuylsteke, indicating our belief that all were hybrids as indicated above, and asked him to state what he knew of the history of these plants, as it had an important bearing on the question of natural hybrids. M. Vuylsteke kindly replied, saying :—‘‘ O. X ardent- issimum is a hybrid between an extra fine, heavily reddish spotted O. crispum and an extra fine O. Pescatorei with large mauve spots, very likely the finest form except Veitchianum. O. X dulce, concinnum, and venificum are from the same hybridisation. I have a great many plants in flower, but they are mostly whites, the finely spotted forms are very limited.” This is extremely interesting, and enables the matter to be cleared up. — The four forms mentioned must be classed as varieties of O. X armain- villierense, which was raised by M. Jacob, gardener to Baron Edmond de Rothschild, Armainvilliers, France, from O. Pescatorei crossed with O. crispum, and exhibited at a meeting of the Société Nationale d’ Horticulture de France, on December 22nd, 1898, when it received a First-class Certificate. It was noted as a superb form, perfect in shape, with some dark spots (Fourn. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr., 1898, p. 1240). The annexed illustration represents M. Vuylsteke’s plant—which is repro- duced from a photograph taken by Mr. J. Gregory, of Croydon—and shows well the intermediaté shape; and it may be added that the characters of O. Pescatorei are as obvious in the, column wings and crest as in the pandurate shape of the lip. The markings are claret-colour or vinous purple, and the ground colour white. It is extremely handsome, and according to a note in the Fournal of Horticulture was purchased by an amateur for £425. The varieties concinnum, dulce, and venificum all showed the same unmistakable - Pescatorei influence, but not having flowers for examination we can add nothing to the brief characters given at D196. An interesting question remains to be cleared up, namely, whether O. crispum and O. Pescatorei grow anywhere together. There is the record of Q. crispum, triumphans, harvengtense and Pescatorei coming home together (Orch. Rev., vii., p. 167). Then came positive confirmation that O. crispum and triumphans grow intermixed, both in the record that M. Claes had seen them growing together (I.c., p. 326, 327), and also in the eee of O. X loochristiense, the natural hybrid between them, in pati of: cp. We kw tht wat Ox 0. ybridise together (yielding O. X excellens), ane woe be interesting to know whether O. Pescatorei also reaches the O. crispum district. We believe that one or two curious forms which the Goetod EE eee ee en cleared up. We should like to see a flower of THE ORCHID REVIEW. 211 _ some of those raised by M. Vuylsteke, even the very commonest of them. It would also be interesting to see a flower of every distinct form from this particular cross, just to see how great a range of variation can be obtained out of a single capsule. BR, Ai Re SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. : A Sens of this Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, W inster, on June roth, when there was a good display of Orchids. H. T. Pitt, Esq., was awarded a silver-gilt Flora Medal for a magnifi- cent group of Orchids, containing Odontoglossum crispum Pittianum, O. c. Alexandra-Regina, O. c. Corona, O.c. Lady of the Lake, O. c. Purity,O. c. Curiosity, having some purple spots inside the slightly incurved margin of the petals, and other crispum varieties, O. Hunnewellianum, O. sceptrum, O. citrosmum, O. Rossii majus, O. nebulosum, O. Hallii, and other Odonto- glossums ; Bulbophyllum barbigerum, B. Lobbii, Thunia Marshalliana, T. Benson, Cymbidium tigrinum, Platyclinis filiformis with many graceful racemes, Chondrorhyncha Chestertoni, Epidendrum Meduse, Pescatorea Klabochorum, Promenza citrina, Anguloa Clowesii, Dendrobium revolutum, D. Falconeri giganteum, D. Dearii, Cattleya Mossiz, C. Mendelii, C. inter- media Parthenia, Lzlio-cattleya x Canhamiana, L.-c X Hippolyta, Lelia tenebrosa, L. purpurata, Miltonia vexillaria, M. Roezlii, M. Phalaenopsis, Cypripedium Chamberlainianum, C. X Swanianum, C. callosum Sandere, €. X Wiertzianum, and others. Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), received a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, containing many fine forms of Cypripedium bellatulum, including two of C. b. album, six plants of C. Godefroye leucochilum,C. callosum Sanderz, Masdevallia Carderi,Cochlioda Neetzliana, Eria acervata, Cymbidium tigrinum, Lelia purpurata, some well-flowered L. majalis, Cattleya Mossiz, a fine example of Epidendrum prismatocarpum ~ with many spikes, many forms of Odontoglossnm crispum, including O. c. Albion, a fine white, O. c. marmoratum, O. X Adriane and many others. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), received a Cultural Commendation for a magnificent specimen plant of Cattleya Mossiz, completely covered with its beautiful flowers, some forty-eight in number. H. S. Leon, Esq., Bletchley Park (gr. Mr. A. Hislop), received an Award of Merit for a fine flower of Lzlio-cattleya X Mabel (C. Triane x L. tenebrosa), having sepals and petals rose, suffused with bronze, and the lip rose with dark purple veining in front.’ 212 THE ORCHID REVIEW. H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, E. Twickenham (gr. Mr. Howard), showed a very fine dark form of Cattleya Warneri Little’s variety, to which an Award of Merit was given. J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes), showed a fine example of Cattleya Warscewiczii bearing seven flowers on two spikes. J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Bound), showed a fine purple- tinted Odontoglossum crispum, and a good plant of Lycaste brevispatha. J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), showed. a fine example of Cypripedium callosum Sander bearing four flowers. Mrs. Haywood, Woodhatch Lodge, Reigate (gr. Mr. Salter), showed a good white variety of Odontoglossum crispum, called Distinction. The Rev. F. Mason, The Firs, Warwick, showed two varieties of Cattleya Mossiz, one having variegated petals. A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden, sent an inflorescence of the handsome Odontoglossum crispum Luciani, having flowers heavily blotched with claret-purple in front, and suffused with purple at the back. F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. Gilbert), showed Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Colossus, a very large variety, and a well- cultivated plant of C. L. hackbridgense, bearing two of its richly coloured: flowers. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a group of showy hybrids, including Lzlio-cattleya X Aphrodite alba, L.+c.. x Canhamiana, L.-c. X Wellsiana, L.-c. x Lycias, L.-c. X Hippolyta, Epicattleya x matutina, Epilelia x Charlesworthii, Odonto- glossum Wallisii, some good O. crispum, O. Wallisii, and others. Messrs. Stanley, Ashton & Co., Southgate, received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, containing many Odontoglossum crispum, O. X Adriane, O. X loochristiense nobilius, Cypripedium x A. de Lairesse (Rothschildianum x Curtisii), C. x Euryale, Cattleya Mossie, C- Mendelii, Lelia purpurata, Brassavola Digbyana, and others. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, exhibited a very fine example of Cattleya Mendelii, and other Orchids. . Mr... A, Tracy, Twickenham, showed a small group of varieties. of Cattleya Mossi, many of them very beautiful, including C. M- Wageneri with four flowers, C. M. Arnoldiana, ©. M. Reineckiana, C. M. delicata, and C. M. Tracy’s variety, with a white flower tinged with blue and with a slate-blue lip. SOLES & S. Williams & Son, Holloway, staged a good group, con- aati Pig ae Cattleya Mossiz, Leelio-cattleya x Moseaneéana and vere ee vexillaria, Pescatorea Dayana, Coelogyne ’ ous Cypripedes. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 213 A SECOND meeting was held on June 24th and 25th, at Holland House, Kensington, by kind permission of the Earl of Ilchester, in connection with the Coronation Rose Show, and, as at the Temple Shows, Orchids formed the leading feature, the group contributed by Messrs. Sander & Sons being one of the finest ever brought together. Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), staged a fine group of Cattleyas and Lzlias, including C. Mossiz and its varieties Wageneri, fulgens, Reineckiana, ceelestis, and Arnoldiana, C. Mendelii and varieties, Lzelio-cattleya x Wiganie, L.-c. x Canhamiana, and two beautiful varieties, L.-c. x Arnoldiana, L.-c. x Hippolyta langleyensis, L.-c. X eximia, L.-c. X Wiganize, Brassavola Digbyana, two fine plants of Sobralia macrantha alba, bearing 28 flowers and buds, Odontoglossum X spectabile and others. An Award of Merit was given to Cattleya x Prince Edward (Schilleriana Warscewiczii), a pretty rose-purple flower with some crimson-purple veining on the lip; and Awards of Merit were granted to the fine richly-coloured Miltonia vexillaria gigantea, and the beautiful natural hybrid Sobralia X Wiganiz (macrantha X xantholeuca). ' Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), received a Cultural Commendation for a fine profusely-flowered plant of the curious Maxillaria scurrilis, and a similar award for a magnificent example of Habenaria rhodochila. W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, Hull (gr. Mr. Barker), gained an Award of Merit for Cypripedium Godefroy leucochilum Hessle var., a beautiful light-yellow variety having the sepals and petals covered with a broad network of purple-brown. J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), staged a fine group, in which a very good example of Oncidium macranthum, together with many fine Masdevallies and Odontoglossums, were specially noticed. Messrs. F. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a magnificent group, occupying about 350 square feet, each plant standing out by itself, and the more prominent being placed on hillocks of short green moss, which set them off to great advantage. It was notable for the great number of forms of Odontoglossum crispum it contained, no less than four Awards of Merit being given to varieties of this beautiful Orchid. Among others were many Lzlio-cattleyas, including L.-c. X Henry Greenwood, L.-c. x Aphrodite, L.-c. X Canhamiana, L.-c. X Our Queen, and L.-c. X Memoria Baroness Schréder, together with the handsome rose-purple Cattleya x H. G. Selfridge (superba x Aclandiz), a well grown example of the orange- scarlet Cochlioda Neetzliana, Epidendrum prismatocarpum with eighteen spikes, the yellow Phaius % Ashworthianus, Cypripedium Lawren- ceanum and various others, forms of Miltonia vexillaria, and many other fine things. A First-class Certificate was gained by Miltonia vexillaria 214 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Queen Alexandra, a very large pure white variety, slightly tinged with yellow and bearing three purple lines at the base of the lip. Awards of Merit were given to Odontoglossum crispum Her Majesty, having a large white well-shaped flower ; O. c. Princess Helen, with a very finely-spotted flower; O. c. Princess Victoria; and O. c. Imperatrix Regine, a fine purplish rose form, with some reddish purple in the middle of each segment, and some white at the base; O. x harvengtense Princess Margaret, a good form having white flowers heavily blotched with red brown; Zygonisia X Rolfeana (Aganisia lepida x Zygopetalum maxillare Gautieri), having whitish flowers, mottled with violet, and intermediate in structure; Cattleya x Prince Edward (Schilleriana x Warscewiczii) ; and Leelio-cattleya x Martinetii Prince Arthur, the latter a very good form, having the sepals and petals yellow, tinged with rose and the lip dark rose veined with purple. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a very good group, containing Leelio-cattleya x Canhamiana alba, L.-c. x G. S. Ball, L.-c. X Lady Miller, Odontoglossum X Harryano-triumphans, O. X Alexandra-Regina (Schleiperianum X grande), and many other rare and’ beautiful species. An Award of Merit was given to Odontoglossum crispum punctatissimum Princess Maud, a fine flower tinged with lilac and profusely spotted with purple. Messrs. Stanley, Ashton & Co., Southgate, showed a fine group of Odontoglossum crispum varieties, many Lelio-cattleyas, including L.-c. X Massangeana, Lelia tenebrosa, Brassavola Digbyana, Thunia Bensone, a good Cattleya Mendelii, and some Cypripediums. An Award of Merit was given to Cattleya X Miss Harris superba (Schilleriana x Mossize), having purplish rose sepals and petals, and the lip rose-carmine with darker veining. Messrs. J. Cowan & Co., Gateacre, Liverpool, staged a good group of Cattleyas, Lelias, Odontoglossums, Cypripediums, &c. Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, showed a fine group in which the showy species of the season were displayed co great advantage. Messrs. Fisher, Son, and Sibray, Handsworth, Sheffield, also staged an effective group, in which was a finely blotched Odontoglossum crispum. called Sir Alfred Milner. Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park exhibited a good group containing the interesting Masdevallia muscosa, Lelio-cattleya x Canhamiana, L.-c. Xx Pallas, Vanda Hookeriana, V. x Miss Joaquim, Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum and others. M. A. A. Peeters, Brussels, showed cut flowers of Lelio-cattleya Martinetii and a plant of a fine variety of it called Coronation. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a group of forms of L.-c. X THE ORCHID REVIEW. 215 Canhamiana and other hybrids, together with a fine form of Cattleya Mossiz. MANCHESTER AND NorTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. A MEETING of this Society was held in the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on May 15th, but owing to the fact of the Manchester Whitsuntide Show ape ing on the following day, there were very few plants exhibited. R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), staged a small group of fine things, including good forms of Cattleya Mendelii, C. Schroeder alba, Odontoglossum crispum var. Varro, a handsomely spotted form, and Q. triumphans var. Jupiter, the two latter receiving Awards of Merit. M. Wells, Esq., Sale (gr. Mr. Lamb), received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum x Adriane var. Charlemagne, a handsome pale form. Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Gateacre, sent an interesting collection of Masdevallias from the Hincks collection, mostly hybrids, and received Awards of Merit for M. x Fraseri, M. x Leda, and M. Harryana var. miniata. Ar the meeting held on June 5th there was again a fine display, and certificates were awarded as follows :— S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. G. Cypher), received a First- class Certificate for Odontoglossum Pescatorei virginalis, and Awards of Merit for O. crispum Gratrixianum, O.c. West Point variety, Lzlio-cattleya x General Baden-Powell, and Lzlia tenebrosa West Point variety. R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), received a First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum crispum Calypso, and an Award of Merit for Lelio-cattleya x Canhamiana ashlandense. Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Woore), received a First-class Certificate for Lzelio-cattleya x Phoebe superba. A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Lofthouse), received a First- class Certificate for the beautiful Odontoglossum crispum ardentissimum. William Bass, Esq., received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum crispum Mrs. Hamar Bass. T..Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum x loochristiense Lord Kitchener. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), received an Award of Merit for Lelia majalis Bridge Hall var. Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Bradford, were awarded a First-class Certificate for Cattleya x Jupiter (Lawrenceana X gigas), and Awards of Merit were granted to Miltonia vexillaria albescens, Odontoglossum X elegantius, and Lelio-cattleya x Lady Wigan. M. A. A. Peeters, Brussels, received a First-class Certificate for Odonto- 216 THE ORCHID REVIEW. glossum X nobilior, and an Award of Merit for Lelio-cattleya x Canham- iana Peeters’ var. Messrs. H. Low & Co., Enfield, received an Award of Merit for Cattleya ‘ Mossiz Arnoldiana superba. AT the meeting held on June 1gth, the display of Orchids was smaller, and the Awards were fewer in number. R. Briggs-Bury, Esq., Accrington (gr. Mr. Wilkinson), received First- class Certificates for Cattleya Mossie Reineckiana magnifica, and Odonto- glossum crispum Empress of India, and Awards of Merit for O. c. La Belle Alliance, and O. c. Irene. W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), received an Award of Merit and a Cultural Commendation for both Odontoglossum crispum splen- didissimum and Cochlioda Neetzliana, the plants being splendidly grown. S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. G. Cypher), received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum crispum xanthotes Gratrix’s var. T. Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), gained an Award of Merit for Lelia purpurata Stand Hall var. R. Tunstill, Esq., Burnley (gr. Mr. Balmforth), received an Award of Merit for Cypripedium x Edithe. PHALAENOPSIS MARIZA. THE pretty little Phalenopsis Maric has always been rare in cultivation and of late years has almost been lost sight of; it is therefore interesting to note that a plant from the collection of Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow, appeared at a meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society, on June 8th. The species was described and figured in Williams’ Orchid Album, in 1883 (vol. ii, t. 80, and sub. t. 87), and afterwards in the Botanical M agazine ({t. 6964), and is now known to be a native of the Sulu Archipelago and the adjacent Philippine islands, having been originally discovered by Mr. Burbridge, in 1878, in the main island of Sulu, at an elevation of 2,000 feet — above sea level, when collecting for Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. Mr. Burbridge states that only four plants were originally found, although a large sum was offered for specimens of it to the natives, in whose language it is known as the Rain-flower, on account of its opening its blossoms at the commencement of the wet monsoon. It has since been collected in the Philippines, presumably in Mindanao, for it is said that P. Marie, P. Sanderiana, and Vanda Sanderiana are abundant. It is allied to P. sumatrana, but has a longer, more branched inflorescence, of smaller flowers, with a less densely hairy lip. The flowers are cream white, with several large transverse warm brown blotches on the sepals and petals, and an amethyst purple lip having a white apical margin. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 217 ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM LADY JANE. WE are now able to give a figure of the remarkable Odontoglossum crispum] Lady Jane, from the collection of J. Wilson Potter, Esq., of Croydon, to which a First-class Certificate was given at the recent Temple Show. The plant first flowered in July, 1900, and was exhibited at {a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, and described in our pages (viil., pp. 250, 277). It was then feared that it might be an accidental sport, and would not flower true on the next occasion, but the Fic. 23. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM Lapy JANE. fear proved groundless, for a year later it flowered again in greatly improved condition, besides retaining all its remarkable character. A | flower sent in proof of this measured 3 inches across its broadest diameter (O.R., ix., p. 221). At the recent Temple Show it again appeared, bearing a fine compact spike of seven flowers, and there can no longer be any doubt of its permanence. The illustration is prepared from a photograph taken by Mr. J. Gregory, of Croydon, and shows its remarkable character. 218 THE ORCHID REVIEW. The brown markings on the petals consist partly of somewhat interrupted lines, a condition which we do not remember in any other variety, and another tinesual character is that they are absent from the sepals, in which organs we get a pretty suffusion of blush pink. As in the case of O. c. Oakfield Sunrise (noted at page 106 of our eighth volume), there is some- thing morphologically abnormal about the petals, and the fowers may be considered as in a peloriate condition. It is very beautiful, and it may be added that Mr. Gregory also sent a second photograph, showing the entire inflorescence, as exhibited at the Temple Show, but this, being necessarily considerably reduced in size, was not considered so suitable for reproduc- tion. Mr. Potter must be congratulated on the possession of such a remarkable variety. PAPHIOPEDILUM BARBATUM. UNTIL recently comparatively little has been known about the distribution of this well-known species beyond the fact that it is a native of Mt. Ophir, Malacca, where it was discovered by Cuming in 1840, and sent to Messrs. Loddiges, at Hackney, and shortly afterwards was sent to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, from the same locality. Mr. H. N. Ridley, Director of the Singapore Botanic Garden, has supplied some additional information. He states :—‘‘This well-known species is often most abundant, sometimes covering rocks in masses, as on Penang Hill. On Mt. Ophir and Kedah Peak, though plentiful, it is more scattered, growing in moss by the stream in exposed places. Nearly all the named cultural varieties grow together. C. superbiens, Reichb. f., in Bonplandia iii. (1855), p. 227, 1 am quite unable to distinguish specifically; it seems to be merely a fine form, and is said to have been obtained on Mt. Ophir ; it is commonly called Bunga Kasut (Shoe flower) by the Malacca natives.”—Journ. Linn. Soc., xxxii.. p. 414. Mr. Ridley also mentions it as found on the Remban Hills, Malacca, and a single plant was found in dense jungle at Gunong Panti, in Johore. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. have now obtained it a new locality, their collec- tor having obtained it from Gunang Tahan, Pahang, at an altitude of 3,000 feet, this being some distance north of the original locality. This additional information is interesting, but I cannot help thinking that some mistake has been made about C. superbiens. The shape of its — dorsal sepal is so different, the purple lines are absent, and the petals are densely spotted right to the apex. In short both shape and colour are so different that I cannot understand any one who knows it remarking that he is quite unable to distinguish it specifically. In any case it would be interesting to know if Mr. Ridley has really re-discovered this beautiful but — rather mysterious plant. Messrs. Veitch remark respecting it :—‘‘ A special. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 219 interest is attached to this Cypripede from the fact that all the numerous specimens now growing in Orchid collections have been derived from two plants ; the botanical history of the species is, however, obscured by the uncertainty attending the origin of one of the two—the first introduced, which was received by Messrs. Rollisson, it is said, either from Java or Assam; this plant was sold to Consul Schiller, of Hamburg, in 1855, whence it afterwards became distributed, by division, among European collections. The second plant appeared among an importation of C. bar- batum, collected for us in 1857 by Thomas Lobb, on Mount Ophir, near the southern extremity of the Malayan Peninsula. The probability is very great that Messrs. Rollisson’s plant did not come from either of the localities assigned to it, but from Mount Ophir, an hypothesis supported by the cir- “cumstances that no difference has been observed between the progenies of the two plants. Although originally found mixed with C. barbatum, its nearest affinities are with C. Curtisii and C. ciliolare.”” This evidence seems definite enough, but I have not heard of its re-introduction, though I know it has been searched for with this object in the Mt. Ophir district. Some- thing remains to be cleared up. R. A. ROLFE. THE HAYBRIDIS?Y, L&LI0-CATTLEYA X HopGKINsON&.—A very handsome hybrid raised in the collection of Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow, it is believed from Lelia harpophylla ? and Cattleya Mossie ¢. The first-named species was crossed with C. Mossiz, C. Trianz, and Lelia tenebrosa, the records of crossing and sowing of the seeds being, as usual, carefully kept, but this seedling came up on another basket, where it was probably blown accidentally. The pollinia are those of Lzlio-cattleya, and the characters of the hybrid suggest C. Mossiz rather than C. Triane as the pollen parent. The gracefully recurved sepals and petals, the details of the lip, the time of flowering, and the general resemblance of L.-c. X Hippolyta (L. cinnabarina x C. Mossi) all point in this direction. We hope it will be possible to settle the question finally when other seedlings flower. The plant created rather a sensation when exhibited at a meeting of the Manchester Orchid Society, on July 5th, and was awarded a First-class Certificate. It is dedicated to Mrs. Hodgkinson. The flower sent is very beautiful, the sepals and petals gracefully recurving, with an expanse of 54 inches. The colour is a beautiful Indian yellow or flame-colour, and the lip finely shaped, the front lobe very undulate, and of the richest velvety crimson, with a buff margin, and the side lobes Indian yellow, slightly veined, with the disc deep bright yellow. 220 THE ORCHID REVIEW. PAPHIOPEDILUM X BURBAGENSE.—A fine hybrid raised by Captain C. C. Hurst, Burbage, Hinckley, from Paphiopedilum X_ insigne Chantini @ and P. x selligerum rubrum 3. The habit is said to be vigorous, and the leaves dark green and thick, but otherwise intermediate. The scape sent is two-flowered, the flowers on the whole most resembling those of the pollen parent. The dorsal sepal is broadly rounded, two inches broad, and closely lined with dark brown on a light ground, which becomes white at the margin, and the lines may be described as for the most part made up of rows of narrow confluent spots. The petals are drooping, acute, 3 inches long, and purple-red in colour, becoming yellowish at the base, with some spots on the lower halves. The lip is purple-brown, most resembling that of the pollen parent ; and the staminode is concave, hairy, broader than long, and truncately obcordate. It was raised in 1898, and has evidently not yet reached its full development, for the lower flower is imperfect. ZYGOPETALUM X ROEBLINGIANUM.—In a report of the second annual spring show of the Horticultural Society of New York, held on May 14th and 15th in the New York Botanical Garden, we find the following short note of a new hybrid Zygopetalum:—‘ Mr. C. J. Roebling (gardener, H. T. Clinkaberry), Trenton, N. J., sent a new hybrid Zygopetalum {rostratum X Gautieri), and named Z. Roeblingianum. It is about the prettiest of all the Zygopetalums we have seen and has large flowers (certificate).”—A mer. Gard., xxili., p. 324. There is nothing in the way of description, but with a knowledge of the parents we can form some idea of what the hybrid would-be like. | : ZYGONISIA ¥ ROLFEANA.—This is a new generic hybrid, raised by _ Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, between Aganisia lepida 9 and Zygopetalum Gautieri 3, to which an Award of Merit was given at the recent R.H.S. meeting at Holland House. It bears a general resemblance to Zygocolax, and has flowers of intermediate structure, and the colour whitish spotted with violet. L&LIo-caTTLEYA X AciIs.—A promising hybrid between Laelia tenebrosa and Cattleya Mendelii is sent from the collection of Sir James Miller, Manderston, Duns, N.B., by Mr. Hamilton. It is said to have been raised by Messrs. Sander & Sons, and most resembles the Cattleya Parent in habit. The flowers are fairly intermediate, and yellowish white in colour, with a light violet-purple lip. We note with surprise the reference “ Cattleya Clymene, L. Lind. in Orch. Reo., IQOI, p. 302,” in a recent issue of the Lindenia (t. 761)- The article was not written by M. Linden, nor was any sugges- tion made as to the name the plant should bear when the flowers were sent. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 225 ORCHIDS IN SEASON. SEVERAL beautiful Orchids are sent from the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno (gr. Mr. Axtell). First we may mention an exceptionally dark form of Cattleya Mendelii, the sepals and petals being bright lilac-purple, the latter having a large purple, partially feathered blotch at the apex, and the front lobe of the lip bright ruby purple —a very handsome form. Anguloa X dubia is a very interesting natural! hybrid, between A. Clowesii and A. uniflora, whose history was given at page 207 of our last volume. The colour is light yellow, with innumerable: minute red dots on the inner face of the petals; and the lip white, with many red-brown spots more or less confluent into a blotch on either side near the base. Oncidium chrysodipterum, Veitch, isa handsome species. of the superbiens group, having deep yellow petals blotched with red-brown: at the base, which is believed to be identical with O. tetracopis, Rchb. f. The others are, a light yellow form of Odontoglossum Xx Andersonianum with few spots, and a very distinct light yellow form of O. X Adriane, having the sepals suffused with rose-purple, but only a little irregular spotting on the flower, the petals being for the most part unspotted. It was imported as O. crispum, but has the typical Adriane shape, with the unmistakable crest and nearly entire, spotted column-wings, all of which show the influence of O. Hunnewellianum. An extremely fine flower of Miltonia x Bleuana nobilior is sent from the collection of Captain Holford, Weston-Birt, Tetbury, by Mr. Alexander. The lip measures 2% inches in diameter, and has a large reddish-maroon blotch above the yellow base, from which radiate lines of similar colour. The base of the petals is suffused with rose-purple, and the rest of the flower white. A good brightly-coloured form of Lelia xX cinnabrosa is sent from the collection of Mrs. Grogan, Slaney Park, Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow, by Mr.. Oliver; also a large and richly-coloured form of Cattleya Mossiz from a. small imported plant; and an inflorescence of Rhynchostylis retusa. Three fine flowers of Cattleya Warscewiczii are sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers, one of which has petals five inches long, and the front lobe of the lip three inches broad —a noble looking flower. A fine hybrid between Paphiopedilum xX Swania- num ? and P. Lawrenceanum atrorubens @ is also sent, together with its two parents, also a good flower of P. X almum Cooksoni, and what we take to be a form of P. x Gowerianum. It is said to be a seedling from P. Curtisii, but has more of the character of P. Lawrenceanum, both in. flower and foliage. 222 THE ORCHID REVIEW. LAELIA GRANDIFLORA AT BRIDGE HALL. In our last volume we published an account. of the culture of Lelia grandiflora (majalis) in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, accompanied by a photograph of a group (page 265). Mr. Rogers now writes that this year they have done much better, thirty growths having flowered on the fifteen plants they now have, and several of the spikes being twin-flowered. Not a single plant has failed to flower this season. Three finely-developed flowers are sent, which enable one to realise to some extent what the effect must have been when all were together, the blooms being more than twice as numerous as when our illustration was taken. Those who do not succeed with this difficult species should study the cultural details given last year, for with such a record it is difficult to realise that it sometimes has the reputation of being a shy flowerer. CATTLEYA ROEZLII. THE question whether this plant isa natural hybrid or not was discussed some time ago (Orch. Rev., ix., p. 253), and now a flower kindly sent by M. J. Ragot, Villenoy, France, from the very plant which called forth the remarks of M. Otto Ballif, will, I hope, enable the matter to be settled. The history of the plant has already been given. In the flower sent I cannot find a single essential feature of C. Mossiz; the characters are entirely those of C. Lueddemanniana, often cultivated under its later name of C. speciosissima, a plant which I believe can always be identified in the actual flower by the marked characters of the lip. It is darker in tint than the coloured plate given in the Revue Horticole (1888, p. 572), which may only be a form of the same variable Cattleya, though M. Bleu thought it intermediate in character. Some of the essential characters are not shown in the plate. If it is the original C. Roezlii of Reichenbach, of which | - Roezl is said to have introduced ‘‘6,000 plants at once,” we may dismiss the idea of its being a natural hybrid entirely. Whether a natural hybrid between C. Mossize and C. Lueddemanniana actually exists is a much wider question., Roezl indicates C. Mossiz as growing much further east than C. Roezlii, but C. Lueddemanniana seems to have been unknown to him, which is quite explicable on the theory that Roezlii is Lueddemanniana. And no author, so far as I can find, has shown that the two species in ques” — grow together. Even the supposed natural hybrids between them are said to have come from Brazil, which only shows how vague most of the information is. M. Ragot has shown his interest in the question by forwarding the flower, and I hope someone will inter-cross the two species, THE ORCHID REVIEW. 223 and let us see the result; also forward any further evidence that may exist as to their growing together or otherwise. It may be added that the two are distinct vegetatively as well as in the floral organs, for C. Luedde- manniana flowers on the young pseudobulbs, without resting, but C. Mossiz on those of the previous year, after resting during the winter. R. A. ROLFE. NOTES. Two meetings of the Royal-Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during July, on the 8th and 22nd, when the Orchid Committee meet at the usual hour, 12 0’clock noon. The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will be held at the Coal. Exchange, Manchester, on July 17th, this being the only meeting of the month. The Orchid Committee meets at 11.30 a.m., and the exhibits are open to inspection from 12.30 to 3 p.m. The last part of Messrs. Cogniaux and Goossens’ Dictionnaire Iconograph- ique des Orchidées contains figures of the following:—Cypripedium X Eucharis var. Fournierianum, C. x Germinyanum, C. xX Rhodopsis (Charlesworthii x enfieldense), Galeandra Beyrichii, Lelia harpophylla, L. prestans aurea, Lelio-cattleya x Doris var. Marquis de Colbert, L.-c: x Gladys (Harrisoniana violacea x L. cinnabarina), L.-c. x Madame Marguerite Fournier (L. Digbyana X C. labiata), Odontoglossum tripudians, Phalenopsis X leucorrhoda, Rhynchostylis retusa, and Sophrocattleya x Nydia. A photographic illustration of the fine group exhibited at the Temple Show by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, appears in a recent issue of the Garden (p. 371). A photographic illustration of a group of hybrids from the collection of Sir James Miller, Manderston, Duns, N.B., is sent by Mr. Hamilton. Prominent among them we note Lelia x Latona, Lelio-cattleya x Gen. Baden Powell, and L.-c. x Hippolyta. ORCHID PORTRAITS. CATTLEYA GIGAS MEULENAEREANA.—Lindenia, t. 775. C. INTERMEDIA NIVEA.—Garden, 1902, Ixi., p. 192, with fig. CYMBIDIUM RHODOCHILUM, Rolfe.—Garden, 1902, Ixi., p. 383, with fig. C. X ZaLesxianuMm, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 778. CYPRIPEDIUM CALLOSUM SANDER#&.—Gard. Chron., 1902, XXX1., Pp. 435, with suppl. fig. 224 THE ORCHID REVIEW. C. x EMPEROR OF INDIA.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxi., pp. 413, 415, fig. 153- C. X LATHAMIANUM IMPERIALE.—Lindenia, t. 774. C. X LEEANUM ALEXANDR#&.—Lindenia, t. 776. DENDROBIUM PIERARDI.—Garden, 1902, Ixi., p. 193, with fig. Disa X Luna.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p- 485, with fig. Lauia X Epwarp VII.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxi., p. 413, with suppl. fig. L2LIO-cATTLEYA X DUCHNESNEI.—Lindenia: t. 777. L.-c. X QUEEN ALEXANDRA.—Gard. ies 1902, XXxXl., p. 413, with suppl. fig. ODONTOGLOssUM X ADRIAN CooKson#.—Gard. Chron., xxxi., p. 389, fig 137. VaR. SyBIL.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv. p, 529, with fig. O. CRISPUM ARDENTISSIMUM.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xliv., p. 505, with fig.; Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 349, with fig. Var. Lapy Jane.—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 347, with fig. ; Garden, 1902, Ixi., p. 411, with fig. VAR. MEMORIA BULLI.—Lindenia, t. 780. O. X Epwarp Rex.—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 351, with fig. O. X Epwarpus REx.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxi., pp. 413, 414, fig. 152. O. GRANDE PITTIANUM.—Gartenflora, 1902, p. 225, t. 1498. O. X scEPTRO-crispuM, L. Lind.—Lindenia, t. 773. O. X WILCKEANUM IMPERATORIUM.—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 349, with fig. ONcIDIUM ForBEsII ATRATUM.—L indenia, t. 779. ORCHIS LONGIBRACTEATA.—Garden, 1902, lxi., p. 395, with fig. VANDA KIMBALLIANA.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxi., p. 376, with suppl. CORRESPONDENCE. (Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in somé cases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over ova future issue. In the case of hy brid seedlings sent for name, the parentage and history should cir be briefly stated, for without these details we are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily, ) J There is some mistake. _ The inflorence sent as Epilelia x par lesworthi seems to be simply a form of Leelia cieshasne and y > have flowers Epide dtr lis Z : Ss approac en Epidendrum radicans. The other plant is hoe oa a pur pate — a poten ae C.C. M. vides ao bufonia or a closely dite STe aa flower almost uniformly reddish-maroo Rss as The e Odontoglossum opis dete d ugh being wrongly addressed, but we fail to find tr. sey ff ee oo mischiet a peri i and we should suggest a deeper cause. Are oy and co s the plants were potted in pure beech leséenouid ibe the las important to ascertain the ke cause of the mischief, if possible. Photographs received with thanks. J.G, F.K., G.C., H.A.. R.G.T J.H + H.A., R.G.T., mpost in good co ndition ? t re- poms savas it is MURRAY’S PATENT ORCHID STAND. the fungoid growth arising from stagnant air. Effectually prevents destructive Facilitates the easy distribution of water and air around the plants. Isolates each plant and renders it less liable to be attacked by insect pests. Is the first clean, effectual, and practically indestructible article ever offered for the purpose cf the necessary raising of the plants above the staging to ensure a free circulation of air, Invented and patented by William Murray, late Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam. Price List containing full information The United Wire Works, ULtd., TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! A. J. KEELING, Orchid Grower Cottingley, Bingley; Yorks, eh or all the Choicest and most Popular Varieties. w & Rare ss Aaa cea sin & Dendrobiums speciality Please write f for "General Catalogue, post free on application ommissions undertaken for the Valuation and Sale and Posen of Orchids, bo th collecti H. A. BURBERRY’S system of personally Giving Ad- vice and Demonstrating Methods of Orchid Cultivation insures suc- cess and satisfaction. One gentleman says: ‘I consider your visit has been worth {100 to me.” All desirous of having the benefit of his long experience in matters affecting the welfare of their Orchids, when in the vicinity, at ver small fee. A. B. attends Orchid Sales, and will be pleased to receive com- missions to buy for those who cannot attend. Ethel House, King’s Heath, BIRMINGHAM. SANDER'’S ORCHID GUIDE AINING ALL THE car ae SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION. Their native countries, descriptions of the plants “oe flowers, season of flow wering, best method of culti tion, temperatures, watering, potting, alain, &e. “— reliable, instructive & useful, together with NAMES and s aie NTAGES of all the KNOWN BRID ORCHIDS, Arrange ed in tabular, alphabetical form so that all Hybrids ge then from each species or hybrid may be ascertained at 330 ese strongly bound. ADDRESS : Indispensable*alike to Amateur & E xpert. Price 10s. 6d. ait : SANDER 6 Co. ST. ALBANS. ORC tilDS. PPB LPO AD OD ed DP Those especially who contemplate forming a Collection would profit by consulting STANLEY, ASHTON & Co. SOUTHGATE, LONDON. N., whose advice and plants would be found equally good. ORCHIDS. Cattleya Harrisoniz.—We have received a splendid importation of this freely flowering Cattleya—Enormous masses. Offered at 30/- 42/- and 60O/- per dozen. POOLEY BROS. Fmporters and Growers, BITTERNE PARK, SOUTHAMP TON, THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S GUIDE BOOK, H. A. BURBERRY, F.R.H.S. An excellent practical treatise on Orchid Culture, with four coloured plates, containing 40 species, and numerous photo-illustrations. Third Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free “ORCHID REVIEW” OFFICE. Orchids! Orchids! 99999009000 00000000000000008 00000: JOHN HAVE AN IMMENSE COWAN & CO. STOCK OF ORCHIDS CONSISTING OF Tens of Thousands of Collections and otherwise. They earnest HEALTHY, VIGOROUS, WELL-GROWN PLANTS, in great Variety ; and additions are constantly being made by the Purchasing of Private ly invite the inspection of intending purchasers. ompany are constantly receiving Importations of Orchids from various parts The C of the world, all of which they Offer for S at very reasonable Prices Descriptive and Priced Catalogues of their Stock each importation as it comes to hand, will be sent Post ale by Private Treaty as they come to hand, of Established Orchids, as well as of free on application to the Company: Gateacre Nurseries, Gateacre, near Liverpool. WALTERS & COS LATH ROLLER BLINDS As used at Sandringham and Kew, b] Are indispensable for the successful culture of Orchids. WRITE. FOR OUR PRICE. LIST, WALTE RS & Go, phn cae Cs E.C. Pa a a | <¥ $ aa ie see ZING and » COPPER PLATES, BOOKS SOUS. gn Dine and SPAPERS... - . ‘balf=Tone & LETTERHEADS.£ic. for all Artistic Mercantile Purposes. Engravers of the Illustrations thhht¢ WW. . > MAN yy in the F. IRELAND, AZ OG; Orchid Review MANAGER, AS To get your Goods on the Orchid Market . Advertise in the ‘““Orchid Review.’’ Complete your Sets of the ‘ORCHID REVIEW,” 7/6 COMPLETE Back Volumes offered at 6/- Unbound. Bound in Green Cloth. SETS <2 THE NINE VOLUMES MAY SO BE HAD. LALIA SEEDLINGS. Tenebrosa x Digbyana. He te ab been successful in raising more ot pe above than is required for ow » I can offer stro os eee ee peaks old with two leafy growths .at 21/- each; or will exchange for other pedines to value J. GODFREY, The Gardens, 15, Broad Street, Ludlow. i ORCHIDS A SPECIALITY. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. Heaton, BRADFORD, Have a large and fine stock of established and imported OrRcHIDs. INSPECTION INVITED. By Special Appointment to His Majesty the ae ORGnnaee ORCHIDS! QUANTITY IMMENSE. Inspection of our New Range of Houses — IS CORDIALLY INVITED BY HUGH LOW & C0,, BUSH HILL PARK, MIDDLESEX. Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable prices ; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY. Please write for List. JAMES CYPHER, EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS !! JUST RECEIVED A GRAND IMPORTATION OF VANDA CCRULEA, And other EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. PRICES, WITH*SAMPLES, ON APPLICATION. J. W. MOORE, LTD., Orchid Importers, RAWDON, near LEEDS. Jj: WEEKS &-CO;, *LAd, horticultural Builders To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, Government, Admiralty Dept., War Dept., Royal Hort. Soc., Royal Botanic Soc., Parks and Public Buildings. “TELEGRAPH, eat ceansanheh-y *? LONDON. TeLepHone, No. 87 Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND Orchid Society. HeapquarTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKE? PLACE, MANCHESTER. TING of the seagonsae ob nteg he Orchids 7 17th, fare at §1-30 The next MEE o clock prompt. Ope 3 o'clock p.m. P, WEATHERS, Hon. 8 Botanical iol, Manchester. ORCHID HOUSES A SPECIALITY. FOR apes Conservatories, Lap LEA | Orchid Houses, 3 had Ferneyries, Cucumber and Melon Houses, Vineries, ete. CRISPIN’S, RISTOL. FOR All Classes of Hot Water Boilers and Heating Apparatus. Printed by R. W. Simpson & Co., Lid., Richmond Pra3s, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey, te ot VoL. X.] AUGUST, 1902. TRE ORCHID REVIEW: Hn 3$llustrated Monthly Journal, DEVOTED. .TO:.. ORGHIDOLOGY. Pilsatacioashit: crispum dimorphic ven 252 PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. Post Free 7/- PER ANNUM PayYABLE IN ADVANCE. Contents. PAGE Anguloa Clowesii .-. 232 | Odontoglossum crispum_ twin-flowered 235 Brassavola Digbyana (Fig. 26) .«. 249 | Odontoglossum culture in Scotland 230 - Calendar of Operations for Asgnst ... 250 | Orchid hybridising i in Australia 247 Cattleya Mendelii (Fig: 2 24) ‘ ... 233 | Orchid Portraits 256 Ho oe &e, ee ... 256 | Orchids at Kew 246 Dies Orchidia vs ae ... 225 | Orchids in leaf mould i in 1 Japan 231 Disa granditiots owe = -»- 245 | Orchids in the New York Market 53 Goodyera nuda... Wea ve ... 239 | Paphiopedilum x Venetia (Fig. 25) ... 241 Hybrid Orchids ... 236 | Societies 242 Masdevallia Xipheres and its allies ss0'-920 Manchester ‘and North of England Mendel’s Law of Inheritance . a. 230 Orc . 244 Notes . 254 Royal Hocicaleoral 242 Odontoglossumn ‘X armaitwillieeaine Sophrocattleya x Hardyana ... 248 ardentiss --. 240 | Vanilla in peices 1 aie ee - 248 All Communications should be addressed to the Editor, as overleaf. Trade supplied by— MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick House, PaTERNOSTER Row, Lonpon, E.C. [Zhe right of reproduction ts reserved.| SANDER & SONS, x. Largest Importers and Growers of Orchids in the World. NOTICES. The ORCHID REVIEW is published regularly at the beginning of each month, Le 6d. net. Annual Subscription, post free, 7/-, payable in advance he Editor invites communications on interesting subjects (which should be iter on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of raritie All Subscriptions, Advertisements, Parskvinications and Books for review, should be addressed :—The Epi OF THE ORCHID REviEw, Lawn Crescent, Cheques and Postal Gniers should be made payable to FRANK LESLIE & Co, and, to . ensure as in transit, should be crossed “ & Co. ' Volumes I. to IX. can be supplied unbound at 6/9. or bound in cloth, 8/3, post ties Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. &.s. d & s. d. Five lines and under in column... O 2 6 Half column or quarter page .. O 12 0 ; Per line afte ne ed rertaliae, 8 Saat 8 eo | One column or half page ws eee One-eighth co « O 4 O07] Whole page .. 2.00 Quarter si errata: or , okgtith page eng 8 Sa 3 Advertisements and late news should be received not later than the 24th of the month. Booksellers’ Wholesale Orders should be sent to MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick Houser, PATERNOSTER Row, Lonpon, E.C NEW FRUIT. RASPBERRY-BLACKBERRY HYBRID. TRE MAHDI. A cross between a Raspberry and the common Blackberry. Ripe from the end of July to the middle of August. It is an Abundant Bearer, and of excellent flavour. & PLANTS IN AUTUMN, Price 3/6 each. Extra strong plants, 5/-. BG JIDUAL FRUITS—LIFE SIZE. ved an Aw of Merit oe the Royal Horticultural Society. ret a pec fruiter.” He chatgalas Chronicle.—Augu “The fruits are of excellent flavour.”—Fourm al of Horti- Ht A t17th, 1899. he is a free bearer and grower.”—The Garden, Ss Dis inctly. intermediate in all characters. »_Gardenes August 18th, 1808 oor August 19th, 1 JAMES VEITCH & SONS, LTD., Royal Exotic Nursery, GHEL THE ORCHID RE MOL. KS] AUGUST, 1902. [No. 116. DIES ORCHIDIANI. I HAVE been asked what I think of the case Low versus Appleton, reported so fully last month. Is Cypripedium insigne Harefield Hall variety permanent? Does its essential character vanish if forced in heat? If nobody acted improperly, and no one made a mistake, where did the error originate? The question is too big to answer. It seems to resemble the noted case of Cattleya Aclandie alba. The plant was purchased under a certain name, and sold again without flowering, and there seems to have been a warranty that it was correct, or that if it flowered at all it would flower correct—the legal talent does not seem to. have decided what would happen if it failed to flower—and in the end it did not flower correct, or proved to be something else. The moral that I should draw from the case would be, don’t sell a plant on the warranty of someone else, unless you have independent reason for knowing it to be correct. The legal decision seems to have been that the plant which Messrs. Low flowered never was C. insigne Harefield Hall var. The question then is who gave the erroneous name? The matter should be cleared up, but in the case of Cattleya Aclandiz alba it never was. Will history repeat itself ? The Certificate question has cropped up again in a new form. M.A. A. Peeters writes in a recent issue of the Gardeners’ Chronicle (p. 7):— “In the interests of those who submit hybrid plants to the Royal Horticultural Society for certificate, and of Orchid -hybridists in particular, it seems desirable that there should be an understanding of the basis upon which certificates are given or withheld. I refer specially to my plant of Lezlio- cattleya x Martineti var. Coronation, which I exhibited at the recent Rose Show, when, to my surprise, the certificate was withheld, because, in the case of one of the parents (Lelia tenebrosa) there was, in the opinion of some of the Orchid Committee, no trace of this species. This appears to be an unsatisfactory ruling, and it leads to the inquiry as to what happens or will happen when secondary, and worse still when tertiary hybrids are submitted. Can it be affirmed that in such hybrids distinct traces of each -226 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ‘parent are always to be seen? If they are not, then all such plants must be disqualified by this ruling, which is a reductio ad absurdum.” _M. Peeters further remarks that the action of the Committec is an attack, either upon his personal honour or upon his methods as a trading firm, but I do not think that the facts warrant such an assumption, and I note that ‘“‘C. T. D.” in a later issue (p. 22) describes it as “utterly erroneous.” Whether the plant in question is one of those curious hybrids in which the characters of one parent are invisible, or ‘ recessive,” in Mendelian language, or whether it is a stray seedling—and the most careful hybridist cannot always avoid such—it would be difficult to say, -but there is no necessity for the extreme view taken by M. Peeters. The discussion seems to open up a wider question, and ‘‘C. T. D.” ‘remarks that even if the Orchid in question was disqualified, owing to a doubt of its hybrid character being correctly indicated by the name attached, the Committee was within its rights in not granting the award. The object of hybridising is to obtain new and improved types, and it matters little what their origin is so far as the Committee’s opinion of their beauty is concerned, and he thinks that the ‘first principles” which should guide the Committee should apply rather to perfection of form, habit, and colour, than to mere “‘curio”’ combinations arrived at by hybridisation. He also remarks that ‘‘ one of the very first principles must always be to aim at correct names, so that the records kept of the awards given may be as free as possible from confusion.” I like that last sentence, but I wish it was easier to carry out in practice. I observe at page 219 of your last issue that a new hybrid is ‘described under the name of Lelio-cattleya x Hodgkinsonz, which is said to have received a First-class Certificate from the Manchester Orchid Society on June 5th; but at page 215 what is evidently the same plant is called L.-c. X Phoebe superba. The Gardeners’ Chronicle for July 12th (p. 25) also calls it “ L.-c. X Phoebe superba, a distinct improvement on the hybrids previously seen here of this class.” But L.-c. xX Phcebe is a form of L.-c. X Hippolyta, both being hybrids between Lelia cinna- barina and Cattleya Mossie—as a matter of fact it was derived from the reverse cross—and L.-c. X Hodgkinson has L. harpophylla for one parent, which is sufficient to stamp the two as distinct. Whether the parentage was then not clearly known—and being a stray seedling this is possible—or whether the Committee gave or changed the name is not clear, but no doubt they will now amend the record, and thus prevent further confusion. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 227 I see that we have another note about the Scarlet Cymbidium. ‘‘ W.” in the Journal of Horticulture says that ‘‘ for many years past there has been talk in Orchid circles of a scarlet-lipped Cymbidium, which grew -some- where in the swamps of Madagascar, and which had cost the lives of more than one intrepid collector in search of it.” ‘‘ Scarlet-lipped,”’ forsooth. Why, the whole thing might have been scarlet, leaves and all, for anything to the contrary that the story contained :—‘‘ Imagine a scarlet Cymbidium ! That such a thing existed has been known for years, and three have gone in search of it; two died, and the third has been terribly ill since his return to Europe—but he won the treasure, which we shall behold in good time.” Well, we did behold it, and lo, it was green and black. And about those two. collectors? Well, details were not given, though we learnt how M. Leon Humblot dined at Tamatave with his brother and six compatriots, and within twelve months he was the only survivor. One was soaked with paraffin and burnt. The fate of the others we must imagine, and we have since heard something about the moving perils which haunt the collector of Orchids in Madagascar. And this brings me back to the scarlet Cymbidium, which Humblot himself seems to think was communicated to Reichenbach, and was none other than our old friend Eulophiella Elisabethe. So we are left in doubt, and I begin to think that there will be some excite- ment when the Reichenbachian Herbarium is opened. When discussing the question of Odontoglossum X ardentissimum (or crispum ardentissimum) last month I remarked that the records were unsatisfactory in the extreme, and now I see that at page 209 we have its complete history, as well as a fine photographic illustration, and a new name to boot. Very little seems to have been heard about es armainvillierense, but the records claim it as a hybrid between O. crispum and O. Pescatorei, and as M. Vuylsteke’s four hybrids are said to have a similar origin, the rules require them to rank as varieties of it. It is extremely satisfactory to have the matter cleared up, even if it necessitates -an amendment of the records, and violates the alleged sanctity of a few certificated names. The other two figures are very interesting. O. crispum Lady Jane is a remarkable and very beautiful variety, whose permanence is quite assured, and if Odontoglossums can always be grown in ‘leaf-mould as in the speci- men figured on page 201 no one need hesitate to give it atrial. It is very curious to find such a diversity of opinion as to the value of the new compost. ARGUS. 228 THE ORCHID REVIEW. MASDEVALLIA XIPHERES AND ITS ALLIES. It is interesting to note that another species of the remarkable M. muscosa group has appeared in cultivation, namely M. Xipheres, which was described by Reichenbach, in 1877 (Linnea, xli, p. 12), from dried specimens. collected by Roezl. It has been re-introduced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. and seems to have passed for M. muscosa till the two flowered together, when the marked differences between them were noticed. Before pointing out its characters it may be as well to outline the history of the group. Four species are now known. The first was M. Echidna, described by Reichenbach in 1855 (Bonplandia, iii, p. 69), from dried specimens collected by Wagener at Alto de S. Francisco, Columbia, at 6000 feet altitude. It was said to have the peduncles densely covered with subulate-linear papille,. and the ovary bristly. It is still known only from the description. In 1875 a second species was described, from dried specimens collected by Shuttleworth, in New Grenada, and sent to Mr. Bull, namely M. muscosa. (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chren.; 1875, il, p. 460). It was described as “‘a very queer little thing, reminding one of a Moss Rose by its stiff-haired peduncle: and ovary.” In 1877 two others were added by Reichenbach, from dried specimens collected by Roezl, namely M. erinacea (Linnea, xli, p. 11), and the one mentioned above, and at this time the section Echidnz was estab- lished for their reception, though its characters were not indicated. M. erinacea appeared in cultivation in 1881, in the establishment of Mr. W. Bull, at Chelsea, and was noted by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1881, Xv- p- 104), though it seems to have been subsequently lost. M. muscosa afterwards appeared, flowering at Kew in May, 1887, when the sensitive character of its lip was discovered. Mr. Bean, then foreman of the Orchid department, was the first to notice something remarkable about the flowers, the lips being sometimes upand sometimes down, hence he suspected that they were sensitive, a surmise which proved correct on being tested (Gard. Chron., 1887, i, p. 836). The question was further worked out in detail by Prof. F. W. Oliver (Amn. of Bot., i, pp. 235-253, t. 12). The species has since- been figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 7664). M. Xipheres is the third species of the group which has appeared in: cultivation, and Messrs. Sander do not appear to know its origin, for they — remark that they have two plants under the name of M. muscosa, and that the one with brown flowers is much more vigorous than the other. It may;. however, be remarked that a dried specimen from one of their collectors,. which was sent to Kew by Messrs. Sander in 1890, belongs to the same nen and on comparing the materials with Reichenbach’s description I have identified it as above. A leaf and scape of each species are sent. The leaf of M. Xipheres measures 4 inches long, by 8 lines broad, and is wholly THE ORCHID REVIEW. 229 green, while that of M. muscosa is about half the size, and has the petiole dull purple. In the latter the scapes are single-flowered, but in the former several flowers appear in succession, up to eight or nine in one of the dried specimens. The flowers are also rather larger, and, instead of being light- yellow, are greenish brown, with traces of darker spots, and stouter purple- brown tails. The lip is very similar to the perianth in colouring, but agrees with M. muscosa in structure, except that the crest is more than twice as high, and the hairs on the front lobe more prominent. The petals are red- purple with greenish tips, instead of yellow, and the nerves of the dorsal sepal are red-purple inside. In the hairy peduncles they are remarkably alike. . M. erinacea has also the flowers racemose, but, according to Reichenbach, the flower “has little prickles at the margin of the sepals and on the middle nerve, besides different colours.”” M. Echidna is described in too general terms to say just what its differences are. It may be added that Reichenbach originally described M. muscosa as **pedunculo subbifloro, floribus heterochronicis,” but as he afterwards _confirmed the determation of M. muscosa, from a flower sent to him, we may infer that the plant now in gardens is correctly named. It is believed not to be part of the original stock (it is not clear whether Mr. Bull ever had living plants), for it was only identified from description when a plant of it flowered at Kew, and it was afterwards found that this came from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., who had more plants of it. It was not found possible to experiment with a single, slightly withered flower of M. Xipheres, but from the similar structure and organisation it is highly probable that it also has a sensitive lip, and indeed the two other species ofthe group. This character, as observed in M. muscosa, may be briefly described as follows :—When the flower opens, the triangular blade of the lip is folded against the apex of the petals, but subsequently turns outwards on a hinge, then appearing to hang beneath the flower. This exposes a yellow ridge on the lip, which is endowed with irritability, and when this is touched with a hair, or when a small fly settles on it, the lip immediately begins to fold up, at first somewhat slowly, and then suddenly, in the latter case closing the insect as it were in a little box. But there is then a small opening between the arched tip of the petals and the anther case, and in crawling through this the insect would inevitably bring away the pollinia, and on subsequently visiting another flower, where the process would be repeated, the pollinia would be left upon the stigma, and fertilisation effected. The effect of fertilisation upon the action of the lip is not known, but failing this the lip unfolds again after a lapse of about twenty minutes, or sometimes more, and is ready to repeat the process. It may also be added that the lip folds up again at night. The mossy 230 THE ORCHID REVIEW. peduncles are evidently intended to prevent undesirable insects from _ crawling up to the flowers, and they offer a very effective obstacle, for ants have been observed trying to climb up, but without success. It would be interesting to know by what particular insect the flowers are fertilised in a wild state. Consul F. C. Lehmann states (Woolw. Masdeval., p. 102) that M. muscosa has a very wide and irregular geographical distribution throughout Ecuador and Columbia, extending fully six hundred miles from north to south, and ranging vertically from 1,800 to 2,300 metres (5,850 to 7,475 feet), growing most frequently upon trunks and thick branches of trees, in damp mountain forests, where the absence of underwood allows a perpetual circulation of air. Numerous localities are given, and he adds that in many parts of Ecuador it also grows upon volcanic rocks and walls of lava, and produces the largest and most brightly coloured flowers, the flowering season being in February and March, while in Columbia it flowers from September to December. He adds that in spite of its extensive geographical distribution it shows little variation, either in size or colour. No mention is made of the other three species, so that it is uncertain if they are known to Consul Lehmann. It is a very remarkable little group, and readily distinguished from its. allies by the peculiar structure and economy of the flowers. R. A. ROLFE. ODONTOGLOSSUM CULTURE IN SCOTLAND. ODONTOGLOssuUM crispum is splendidly grown in the collection of C.L-. Wood, Esq., Freeland, Forgandenny, N.B. In sending some sample flowers. to the Gardeners’ Chronicle, ‘each measuring about four inches across,” the gardener, Mr. William Sharp, remarks:— The stronger the plants are grown, the larger are the flowers; but I am inclined to think that after a certain point is reached, the increase of size is at the expense of the shape of the flower. I have found that when a plant was small, and bore but a few flowers on a spike, the shape has been perfect, but that when the same — plant has been grown strongly for a few years, although the flowers have been much larger, the extra length of the petal has not been accompanied by proportionate breadth. The Odontoglossums grow very satisfactorily. Our largest crispum has ten spikes; others have from eight downwards. The plant from which the largest bloom sent was cut had fifteen blooms on a spike. The greatest number of spikes I have had on one specimen is- thirteen. The largest number of blooms I ever had ona crispum was sixty- | four ; on a Pescatorei one hundred and thirty-six.—Gard. Chron., 1902> XXXii, Pp. 32. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 231 ORCHIDS IN LEAF-MOULD IN JAPAN, Mr. THEO. ECKHARDT, in a recent issue of the Florists’ Exchange, makes an: interesting contribution to the question of growing Orchids in leaf-mould,. the substance of which we reproduce here :—I observe in recent numbers. that notes on the cultivation of Orchids in leaf-mould are freely compared by the experts of America. I have for years followed the development of this innovation, and have given details of my observations in previous numbers. It may be of interest to add to what has been said on the subject the experience in that method of Orchid growing in the Imperial Gardens at Tokio. As with everything else there, Orchids are in fine form, under the care of the able director, Mr. Fucuba, and as that gentleman is of the French school, he has, of course, carefully studied this new method, some of his. trials have extended over three or four years, and some are still new. The results are, in the main, as foilow :— For Cattleyas leaf-mould is accepted altogether; the experience, and subsequent general adoption of this new potting medium has given grand results, and if there is any difference at all, C. labiata seems to revel in that material. Dendrobiums like it as well. A notable instance is the D. superbum. This Philippine Orchid would formerly dwindle away in the course of three or four seasons after importing, but grown in leaf-mould the results are different—the bulbs increasing in size, and a comparison of plants, hanging side by side, showing such a marked difference in the root and bulb system that there cannot be any question about the value of leaf-mould here. Oncidiums show the same predisposition to gradually deteriorate after they are taken away from their natural homes, and this is most obvious. with such kinds as O. sarcodes, O. tigrinum, &c. Leaf-mould has again reversed the conditions, and these Oncidiums prosper and increase in size every year. An exception in the results obtained from the use of leaf-mould is to be recorded in the case of Cypripediums; these are not at all suited with the leaf-mould, and after careful trials during two seasous it has been dropped. Now, the argument that the leaf-mould of Europe, and, in this case, of Japan, is different in its composition from that of America, can hardly stand. The natural leaf-mould of the Belgians, as it comes (as surface rakings) from the woods, and the artificial compost which the French as a rule prepare on their own places; and, again, the chestnut mould of the Italian growers, which I have watched, are all different as far as the variety of their leaves is concerned. Again, the Japanese leaves are grown in very different soils, and the varieties are also quite different. If all these kinds 232 THE ORCHID REVIEW. will answer, why should the American be the only exception? Again, as the leaves are used in a very advanced stage of decomposition, their chemical composition, as far as all practical purposes are concerned, is identical. There was the same strong prejudice against the leaf-mould in Europe as is shown to exist in America. Of course there are many patent reasons for this prejudice, not the least of which is that the fern roots have given magnificent results ; also, the improvement observed as resulting from leaf- mould is not one of the flower so much as an improvement in the general constitution of the plant. In some extreme cases it even seems that Odontoglossums, while making tremendous bulbs, did not produce the quality of flowers that might have been expected. It is quite safe to predict that leaf-mould will be adopted for many Orchids in the course of time in America; and careful trials can only be recommended. The work should be done on a small scale, and, prefer- ably, with those Orchids that so far fail to thrive satisfactorily. There is no denying the expert knowledge of those who have been kind enough to give the results of their experience in your columns; but then it is a fact that even the most cynical have been convinced when they saw the grand results secured from leaf-mould. Mention has been made of Dendrobium Phalznopsis ; certainly whoever has seen these plants at Sander’s and at A. Peeters’, at Brussels, cannot but be convinced of the efficacy of this material. ANGULOA CLOWESII. SOME notable examples of good culture from the collection of Major Joicey, at Sunningdale Park, have appeared at meetings of the R.H.S., and now an illustration of a noble specimen of Anguloa Clowesii from this collection, reproduced from a photograph, has appeared in the Gardeners’ Magazine (page 460), whence the following is extracted :— The plant is now in a 14 inch pot, and produced 30 spikes and 33 flowers, all of splendid form, rich colour, and delicious fragrance. Mr. Thorne expresses the determination to grow the plant on until it produces 50 flowers, when he will place it before the Royal Horticultural Society at the Drill Hall—or will it be at the new hall? As long ago as June 12, 1894, Mr. Thorne received, by the unanimous vote of the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, a First-class Certificate for this self-same plant, at which time it - was in a6-inch pot. Since then its: development to its present most excettont stage has been uninterrupted, and it reflects the utmost credit upon its grower, whose only fault regarding it is that he did not stage it at the Temple Show for all the world to see and admire.” THE ORCHID REVIEW. 233 CATTLEYA MENDELII. LARGE specimens of Cattleya Mendelii are seldom met with, but the accompanying illustration represents a noble example from the collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch. The photograph was taken in 1893, and at that time the plant carried forty-two expanded flowers. The plant, we believe, was collected by Mr. Albert Millican, who was sent out by Mr. White, in search of this beautiful Cattleya, among other things, and who in 1891 published a very interesting account of his experiences under the title, Travels and Adventures of an Orchid Hunter. This book contains a very graphic account of the search for Cattleya Mendelii, from which we may make a fewextracts. On arriving at Bucamaranga, the traveller Fic. 24. CAaTTLEYA MENDELII. remarks (p. 110) :—‘‘ As up to now I had not even seen a single plant of value, I was delighted to learn that the early botanists had found the gorgeous Cattleya Mendelii growing around here in profusion. Now, however, through the immense exportation of these plants, not a single one is to be found within many days’ journey from here on mules.” From Bucamaranga the traveller proceeded up the valley of La Florida to the town of Pié de Cuesta at about 5,500 feet altitude—a place with “something like twelve hours day and twelve hours night throughout the year, and a mild balmy air which is never oppressively hot or disagreeably 234 THE ORCHID REVIEW. cold”’—and thence along the fertile banks of a stream for some miles, and after an ascent of 1,000 feet he reached the extensive plain of La Mesa de los Santos. ‘One side of La Mesa de los Santos,’’ he remarks (pp. 113, 114), ‘is bounded by immense precipices, some of them over 200 feet in height. . On the edges of these precipices, where the eagle and the condor make their home, the lovely Cattleya Mendelii has grown in profusion since the memory of man. Even when the first plant-hunter arrived, these dizzy heights offered no obstacle to his determination to plunder. Natives were let down by means of ropes, and by the same ropes the plants were. hauled up in thousands, and when I visited the place all that I could see of its former beauty and wealth of plants was an occasional straggling bulb hung as if in mid-air on some point only accessible to the eagles. I left the place impressed with the magnificence of the scenery, but dis- appointed in my search for plants.” The traveller then proceeded over the plain to the small village of Los Santos, on the edge of a declivity of about 1,000 feet, the turbulent little river Subi running in the valley below. ‘I had been informed,” he remarks (p. 117), ‘that Cattleya Mendelii was still to be found in quantities on the eastern range of the Andes, so after leaving the precipices of Subi I turned off in the direction of a small village called Curiti, at the foot of the range - of mountains so celebrated for Orchids. . . . . . The vegetation is somewhat subtropical, lovely ferns and Selaginellas being very luxuriant, as well as the feathery bamboos, but with an absence of the fine rich timber trees and towering palms of the lower grounds. . . . . I had not far to go before I was rewarded with the object of my search, in the myriads of Bromeliacee and Orchids which literally cover the short stunted trees, and the bare points of rocks, where scarcely an inch of soil is to be found. The most magnificent sight for even the most stoical observer is the immense clumps of Cattleya Mendelii, each new bulb bearing four or five of its gorgeous rose-coloured flowers, many of them growing in the full sun or with very little shade, and possessing a glowing colour which is very difficult to get in the stuffy hothouses where the plants are cultivated. Some of these plants, considering their size and the slowness of growth, must have taken years tc develop, for I have taken plants from the trees with five-hundred bulbs and as many as one-hundred spikes of flowers, which to a lover of Orchids is worth travelling from. Europe to see. Apart from the few extraordinary specimens, the Orchids, as a rule, are very much crowded and mixed up with other vegetation.” Mr. Millican gives an illustration, reproduced from a photograph which he took, of one of these trees, and remarks :—‘‘ The higher branches are covered with long white lichen ; a little lower is an immense clump of Tillandsias, while the branch on the right hand is inhabited by some Oncidiums. The next plant lower THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235 down is a nice piece of Cattleya Mendelii. The whole of the mountains at the time of my visit were crowded with the famous parasite. Like most of my predecessors I was tempted to bear away a large quantity of the coveted plants, besides exploring the mountains and enjoying much of their beauty.” ; It is very interesting to have such a graphic account of the conditions. under which this beautiful plant grows in a wild state, and we can only hope that it will long continue to adorn its native hills with such splendour. If collectors could be induced to leave sufficient plants to keep up the supply, there should be no reason to fear its extermination, for nature has provided it with adequate means of increase where conditions are favourable. ’ We may add that it is not alone in European hothouses where the plant is exhibited, for Mr. Millican, speaking of a square in the town of Bucamaranga (p. 107), alludes to the well-to-do Colombian as literally dining ‘‘under the shade of orange trees laden with blossom and _ fruit. Huge Gardenias, whose crowns of waxen flowers fill the air with their exquisite perfume, with large masses of the lovely Orchid Cattleya Mendelii give to the whole group a masterly finish of colour.” C. Mendelii was first introduced by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and shortly afterwards by Messrs. Backhouse, of York, and was named in compliment to Sam’ Mendel, Esq., of Manley Hall, Manchester. It flowered for the first time in Europe, in June of the following year, in the - collection of J. Day, Esq., of Tottenham. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM TWIN-FLOWERED. A curious twin flower of Odontoglossum crispum—the variety known as. Mrs. Barkley Levett—is sent from the collection of William Bass, Esq., Byrkley, Burton-on-Trent, by Mr. Nisbet. There are five sepals, three petals, two lips placed side by side, and the two columns are confluent to the apex, which together give the flower quite a double appearance. The sepals are slighly tinged with rose, and bear several more or less confluent red brown spots; the petals unspotted; and the lip bears a chestnut blotch in front of the crest, and numerous small marginal dots. The spike is said to have borne nineteen blooms, all the rest being normal, and the plant which produced it received a Cultural Certificate at Manchester last year. The sender remarks :—‘* We do not grow our Odontoglossums in leaf-soil, but in polypodium fibre and moss. I do not think the blooms get the substance in leaf-soil that they do in polypodium fibre. We gained several Cultural Certificates at Manchester last year, anda Silver Medal for a group on June 5th of this year. The flower sent is finely developed and measures 3% inches across its broadest diameter. 236 * THE ORCHID REVIEW. HYBRID ORCHIDS AND MENDEL’S «LAW OF INHERITANCE.” “Iris quite true that, according to Mendel’s law, a plant may he a true hybrid, although it presents only the ‘dominant’ parental features, so that all signs of the other, or ‘ recessive’ parent are invisible.” This remark appears in a recent discussion about a hybrid Orchid, and we have been asked how far Mendel’s so-called ‘‘ Law of Inheritance” is in accord with the facts observed among hybrids generally. In the first place we must deprecate the tendency to magnify into a so-called “‘ Law’ what is at best but a provisional hypothesis, framed to account for certain phenomena observed among one class of plants, which, even there, according to the observations of others, does not always apply, and which completely breaks down when applied to many different groups. It is not certain that the plants which Mendel worked with are hybrids at all in the true sense, it being extremely probable that they are only races of a single species (Pisum sativum). Be this as it may, the essence of Mendel’s ‘‘ Law,” as we understand it, is that although a hybrid or cross- bred presents a combination of characters derived from two diverse parents, this combined character does not extend to the ultimate germ-cells, which remain pure, and either transmit the one character or the other to the offspring, not both. Mendel’s deductions were that when twe races of peas were crossed together, the offspring will exhibit the dominant characters of the parents almost or quite unaltered, while other characters appear to be missing, being present in such a slight degree as to pass unnoticed, though the fact of their reappearance in a subsequent generation shows them to have been latent ; hence they are termed “recessive.” This has been termed the Law of Dominance. His second deductions were that if these hybrids were self-fertilised, all the possible combinations of the ancestral race-characters will appear in the second generation with equal frequency, and these combinations will obey the Law of Dominance, so that characters intermediate between those of the ancestral races will not occur. This has been termed the Law of Segregation. The principle is therefore deduced that in hybrids the ovules and pollen-grains retain their originality throughout, the eventual combination of characters being strictly confined to the number of combinations which may be possible between the original ones, these retaining their integrity throughout all transmissions. There are, however, large numbers of hybrids to which the remarks do not apply. Hybrids may be divided into three groups, according to the way in which they combine the parental characters. The great majority may be termed intermediate, the parental characters being * THE ORCHID REVIEW. ( 237 so intimately blended that it is not possible to resolve them into separate elements. This has been termed ‘‘ Blended Inheritance.”’ A second class. consists of hybrids in which the characters are divisible into regions, in some of which are grouped the characters of one parent, almost unaltered, while the remainder bear a similar relation to the other parent. This has. been termed “Particulate (or Mosaic) Inheritance.” A third group. consists of those which closely or altogether resemble one parent, while the other appears to be entirely or nearly unrepresented. This has been termed ‘Alternative Inheritance.” But these groups are not as strictly definable as the above would indicate, for they grade into each other, and are connected by various intermediate stages. How far intermediate hybrids are liable to revert to their parental characters is very vaguely known, for in some cases, where it is thought to have been observed, there are strong grounds for suspecting that the reversion is due to intercrossing with one of the original parents. And at all events there are various intermediate hybrids which are known to have remained true for numerous successive generations, and the failure of these plants to conform to the Mendelian conception shows on bow slender a basis of fact the hypothesis stands. There are no hybrid Orchids, as far as we know, in which careful experi- ments have been made to test the question of reversion, and it is doubtful how far the few records on the subject are reliable. But let us take a supposed case. Phragmipedilum (Cypripedium) x Sedeni. is a hybrid between the markedly distinct species P. Schlimii and P. longifolium (the result being identical whichever is used as the seed parent). It possesses the most un- mistakable combination of the parental characters, but according to the Mendelian “law ” the ovules and pollen grains ought to retain their original characters, and if the flowers were self-fertilised the results should be com- parable with those obtained by Mendel. We are not aware that the experi- ment has been tried, but we do know the result of again crossing the hybrid with both its parents. P. x Sedeni re-crossed with the P. longifolium parent (it is immaterial for our purpose which was the mother) yielded P. X calurum, in which a considerable return towards the characters of P. longifolium is seen, and re-crossed with P. Schlimii yielded P. X cardinale, showing a similar approximation to the P. Schlimii parent. The secondary hybrids are as fairly intermediate as the primary one, and all possess intimately blended characters, and yet, according to the Mendelian conception, no new factor was introduced, and the ultimate germ cells of P. X Sedeni should be in the same pure condition as in the original parents. The fact is, many characters cannot be classed under the headings of dominant and recessive, and the dominant characters are not always the same. An example from Mendel will give a clearer idea of his argument.. 238 . THE ORCHID REVIEW. He found that when peas having yellow and green cotyledons were crossed, the yellow colour was dominant and the green recessive, and when the hybrids were self-fertilised the resulting seeds were either yellow or green, but the former were three times as numerous as the latter. Now fertilisation con- sists of the union of two cells of opposite sexes (called gametes before con- jugation), and the gamete of either sex is equally capable of transmitting a character. If therefore a male and female gamete of the pure yellow character united the offspring would be yellow, and if green with green the offspring would be green. But if a yellow male gamete united with a green female, and a green male with a yellow female, the result in both cases, under the Law of Dominance, would be a yellow seed (yellow being dominant, and green recessive), hence the proportions of three yellow seeds to one green. The union of unlike gametes (green with yellow) alone yielded hybrids (those of like gametes reverting to the pure parental character), and these again self-fertilised repeated the process in the same proportions, yellow with green alone remaining hybrid, the rest reverting ; and so on to subsequent generations. But the same plant may at the same time exhibit dominant and recessive characters in opposite pairs of several other kinds, hence there is a degree of complexity which can hardly be followed up by experiment, the results becoming unmanageable. Weldon, however, argues that the flaw in Mendel’s work consists in neglect of the ancestry of the races with which he worked, and the tendency to regard this offspring as resembling their individual parents instead of the race to which they belong, and shows that races having a different ancestry behave differently. He also shows a scale of intermediates in (1) colour, and (2) shape, (another character which Mendel dealt with). By the way, it is curious that Mendel had no intermediates, but he seems to have sorted everything into either yellow or green, though he admits having at first sorted some into the wrong division. Weldon also argues that Alternative Inheritance alone may produce something like Mendel’s Law of Segregation, but not comparable with his Law of Dominance. The conceptions of ‘“ unit-characters,” put forward to explain the numerical proportions in which the dominant and recessive characters are said to appear in successive generations, is certainly ingenious, and recalls the one put forward to account for the supposed fact that acquired characters—those which first appear in the lifetime of the individual because of the environment—are never reproduced. The theory is that there is a germ-plasm, from which new individuals are produced, which is unaffected by the environment, and consequently remains pure. But if acquired characters were never transmitted—if every individual reproduced itself absolutely pure and uncontaminated—no evolution would be possible. There is now a sort of modification of the theory, that if the effect of the THE ORCHID REVIEW. 239 environment be continued for two or more generations they may become hereditary, but, as Bailey very well remarks, the tendency towards fixity, if it exists at all, undoubtedly originates at the very time that the variation itself originates (it may be said to be due to the same force), and it is sophistry to assume that the form appears at one time and the tendency towards permanence at another. It is quite evident that organisms are not made up of particles which combine in definite proportions, like molecules are formed from their consti- tuent atoms in chemistry, and the conception of unit-characters which reproduce themselves absolutely is difficult to realise. As for the validity of Mendel’s so-called ‘‘ Law” we cannot regard it as of general application to the facts already observed among hybrids. GOODYERA NUDA. ANOTHER of M. Warpur’s Madagascar Orchids has flowered in the Kew collection, and I believe that it belongs to Goodyera nuda, Thouars, a species figured over eighty years ago (Orch. Iles Afr., t. 29), but which is still very imperfectly known. The original figure is very rude, and the description altogether inadequate, while the habitat is given as Mauritius and Bourbon. A. Richard afterwards gave a description, with a figure of the flower (Orch. Iles. Fr. et Bourb., p. 38, t. 6, fig. 3), but the details of the latter are so erroneous that its authenticity has been doubted. Blume made of it a new genus under the name of Gymnochilus nudus (Coll. Orch. pp. 107, 108, t. 32, fig. x), at the same time describing a second species from Madagascar as G. recurvus (i.c., p. 109, t. 32, fig. 2). The characters on which he relied for generic separation were the regular flowers—the lip being petal-like—and some differences in the column, but Bentham afterwards remarked as to this point :—‘‘Gymnochilus . . . is scarcely distinct from Goodyera except in the labellum being uniform with the petals,” and, after commenting on other genera where an abnormal peloriate condition was known, concluded by saying that the matter required further investigation (Journ. Linn. Soc. xviii, p. 346). We now come to recent materials. Humblot collected in Madagascar a plant which chiefly differs from the Mauritian one in having irregular flowers, the spike rather more lax, and the size rather larger (Blume’s figure of G. recurvus is rather smaller than the Mauritian plant). Then M. Warpur collected flowerless specimens, but one of the living plants has now bloomed, and also has irregular flowers, which to my mind confirms Bentham’s idea that Gymnochilus is only a peloriate state of Goodyera. There remains a slight doubt whether all belong to a single species, the original G. nuda. This seems probable, but a more complete set of specimens is necessary to settle 240 THE ORCHID REVIEW. the point. It may be added that M. Warpur’s plant has variegated leaves, comparable with those of Cystorchis variegata, the nerves being brownish green on a paler ground, but more uniformly dark when young, and the flowers whitish, with the petals and mid-vein of the sepals light brown, and barely two lines long. The differences observed in the column of Gymnochilus are common to regular peloriate states of other Orchids, and the genus must evidently be abolished. R. A. ROLFE. ODONTOGLOSSUM ~x ARMAINVILLIERENSE VAR. ARDENTISSIMUM. WE have some further notes to make respecting the name of this hand- some Odoncoglossum. M. Chas. Vuylsteke writes in high appreciation of the photographic illustration given at page 209 of our last issue, but at the same time he thinks that the name must be changed, for he adds :—‘* Connoisseurs tell me that it has no relation with O. X armainvil- lierense.” M. Vuylsteke does not appear to have seen that plant himself, and unfortunately we are in the same fix, and have to rely upon the published note, which, however, if regrettably short, is explicit as to parentage. We hope M. Jacob will favour us with a bloom next season. The Gardeners’ Chronicle has also reproduced a drawing of the plant, under the name of Odontoglossum xX ardentissimum (p. 50, fig. 1y), which differs considerably from the photographic illustration, whose accuracy cannot be gainsaid. They allude to the plant as a ‘“‘showy hybrid between a spotted form of O. Pescatorei and, it is said, the heavily blotched O. crispum Franz Masereel.”? And speaking of the awards made to this and three other forms at the last Temple Show, they remark :—<“ Unfortunately, by a misunderstanding, the plants were taken for forms of Odontoglossum crispum, and were at the same time so recorded ; but when the true story of their production was known, it was decided by the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society to adopt the name of Odontoglossum X ardentissimum as the primary name of the set, and to include all others of the same class under it.” They thus appear to have totally overlooked O. X armainvillierense, but should the record of that plant prove correct the name will require further amendment. It is unfortunate that there should be such an amount of uncertainty as to the correct name of this beautiful plant. Of course O. x armainvil- lierense might be very different in appearance from the one under dis- cussion, and yet be derived from the same two species, for M. Vuylsteke himself speaks of the great variation among kis batch of seedlings (supra, Pp. 220). We hope to see the question cleared up. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 241 PAPHIOPEDILUM x VENETIA. A FLOWER and leaf of an extremely fine hybrid raised from Paphiopedilum x Morganiz burfordiense and P. Lawrenceanum is sent from the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., Poggio Gherardo, Florence, Italy ; also a photograph Fic. 25. PAPHIOPEDILUM X VENETIA. of the plant, from which the annexed illustration has been prepared. The habit most resembles P. x Morganiz (the stem is longer than shown, as 2 242 THE ORCHID REVIEW. is explained below), but in the details of the flowers and leaves the characters of both parents are well represented. The dorsal sepal of the flower sent measures 2+ inches long by the same broad, but is somewhat reflexed at the sides, and the purple-brown lines are partially broken up into spots at 4 the base, the ground colour being cream-white at the apex and base, and the remainder suffused with light purple. The petals are four inches long, — yellowish white at the base, passing into brownish purple towards the apex, 2 and handsomely spotted with purple-brown. The lip is two inches long, — rather stout and light purple-brown in colour; and the staminode slightly — concave at the sides, suffused with light purple, and reticulated with ~ darker veins in the centre. The foliage is very handsome, being light — yellowish green, with numerous broad dark green reticulated nerves. The plant is six years old, and is now flowering for the first time, producing @ spike of three flowers. It is named by request after the daughter of | ‘Col. Cooper, of Markree Castle. It will be noticed that the scape is not attached to the plant, and it should be mentioned that rather more than half the portion below the = r ‘i a it a a Ae eS RE ba iy ee a ies A eee lowermost bract has been omitted. The photograph showed the whole plant, but, being too large for our pages, it was decided to divide the scape and bring it down, but through a slight misunderstanding the basal part has been omitted in making the block. This is mentioned to prevent misapprehension as to the height of the scape. SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. A MEETING of this Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on July 8th, when a number of interesting Orchids wet© shown, though, as is usual during the summer months, there was @ considerable falling off in the number of exhibitors, and the Orchid Committee only granted one Botanical Certificate and one Medal. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), sent . fine specimen of Gongora viridi-purpurea, bearing about twenty of its pendulous spikes, and was awarded a Botanical Certificate. The Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), sent Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, and Odontoglossum xX Wilckeanum, Tring Park var., a large whitish form, regularly spotted with chocolate brown. Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), sent a light coloured Cattleya x Germania (C. granulosa Schofieldiana x Hardyana). Captain Holford, C.1.E., Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Alexander); showed Lelio-cattleya x Earl Grey (parentage unrecorded), having the THE ORCHID REVIEW. 243 sepals and petals rosy lilac, and the lip of a rich maroon-claret tint, becoming reddish in the centre. W. A. Bilney, Esq., Fir Grange, Weybridge, showed a good dark form of Cattleya x Hardyana, remarkable for showing the eye-like patches on the lip so characteristic in C, Warscewiczii, with very little of the yellow veining of C. Dowiana. Sir William Marriott, Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny), sent the pretty Disa X Diores (D. x Veitchii x grandiflora). “R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. smth), showed the very curious Pleurothallis saurocephala. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, staged a choice little group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained some beautiful forms of Cattleya Mossiz, including C. M. Reineckeana, C. M. Wageneri, and C. M. The Queen, a fine white, having a few delicate lavender markings in front of the yellow disc; also C. Mendelii Princess of Wales, Lzlio-cattleya x Aphrodite, L.-c. X Schilleriana, and others. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, showed a choice little group, including Zygonisia X Rolfeana superba, a greatly improved form to that previously shown, a good dark Lzlio-cattleya x Martineti (C. Mossiz X L. tenebrosa), an interesting hybrid called L.-c. X conspicua (L. Digbyana xX C. Leopoldi), having the greenish sepals arid petals slightly tinged with rose, and bearing a few purple spots, and the front of the lip and column tich purple, two plants of the graceful Platyclinis filiformis, and a remarkably fine spike of Cypripedium Parishii bearing nine flowers. Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, showed the very beautiful Cattleya x Hardyana Countess of Derby, and a plant called Lelio-cattleya x C. G. Roebling albida (L. purpurata x C. Gaskelliana), a beautiful form having white sepals and petals, and the front lobe of the lip dark rose-purple. Messrs. William Bull & Sons, Chelsea, showed Cattleya Mendelii Souvenir de William Bull, a‘pretty blush white form with the lip nearly pure white. Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, showed Léeelio- dotted with purple towards the apex. The lip is very deeply three-lobed, as in all C. gianulosa hybrids, and the side lobes are cream-white outside, also near the margin inside, the basal part being bright yellow, and the tips rich-purple crimson. The front lobe is of the latter colour, slightly variegated with a paler tint inside the lilac, crisped margin. The purple assumes a brown tint on the unguis:and along the disc, the latter bearing a number of short radiating lateral veins. The face and back of the column are red-purple, and the sides and apex nearly white. The scape at present bears two flowers. ‘ THE HYBRIDIST. L&LIO-CATTLEYA X BURBAGENSIS.—An interesting hybrid has flowered in the collection of Captain C. C. Hurst, Burbage, Hinckley, whose history is not exactly known, as it was purchased as an unflowered seedling. In the first place the pollinia agree with Lelio-cattleya, and there is unmistakable evidence that one parent was a Lzlia and the other a diphyllous Cattleya. The lip ‘is deeply three-lobed, and is comparable with that of C. granulosa in the long side lobes and the elongated base of the front lobe, together with its shape and granular surface. The Lelia parent appears to have been L. purpurata, its influence being apparent in the white ground colour of the side lobes of the lip, the rich purple front lobe shading off to Jilac in front, and in the modified shape and colour of the sepals and petals. It may be compared with L.-c. X elegans, but has longer sepals and petals—the latter being more curved and undulated—and the colour much paler, with a longer, more deeply divided lip, all of which would be expected from the above-named parentage. The flower measures 6} inches across the petals, which are themselves I inch broad, strongly curved, and somewhat undulate and reflexed. The ground colour of the sepals and petals may be described as cream-yellow tinged with green, and dotted with purple on both surfaces, but most strongly behind, while on the petals the dots are arranged in more or less confluent lines radiating towards the margin. The side lobes of the lip are white with a purple apex, the disc deep purple, becoming spotted at the base, and 272 THE ORCHID REVIEW. breaking up into radiating lines towards the apex of the front Jobe, which is lilac in colour and minutely denticulate. The face of the column is lined and dotted with purple. The plant is rather dwarf, and produces both monophyllous and diphyllous pseudobulbs. It flowered for the first time in Igor. CATTLEYA X LEUCOTHOE.—A new hybrid from C. granulosa 2 and C. Walkeriana 3, raised by Mr. E. O. Orpet, S. Lancaster, Mass., and described by him in American Gardening for August 9th (page 513), as follows :—Habit of plant, intermediate; scape, four to several flowered, as - in C. granulosa; flowers smaller than either parent, expanding 34 inches and very fragrant; dorsal sepal ligulate, coriaceous, 24-in. long, 3-in. broad; lateral sepals r2-in. long, §-in. broad, oblong-obtuse, curved downward ; petals 17-in. long, -in. broad, obovate-spatulate, undulate ; all of the foregoing segments bright rose-lilac over a white ground, dotted, especially near the apices, with bright crimson; lip trilobed, side lobes I-in. long, subfalcate, pale rose-lilac on a white ground; front lobe #-in. long, 14-in. broad, stiff, subreniform, emarginate, obscurely papilose, rich bright crimson, throat dull crimson beneath the column, with five or more white longitudinal lines. Column oval-oblong, concave beneath, pressed down on lip, white shaded with pale green, prominently tinged with crimson around the stigma. CATTLEYA X MOLLIS VAR. SPECTABILIS (C. Gaskelliana virginalis 2 x C. superba splendens ¢) is also described by Mr. Orpet on the same page. It is said to favour the seed parent, except that the pseudobulbs are more slender and occasionally diphyllous. Sepals and petals broad, the latter undulate, all deep lilac in colour; lip well expanded, obscurely trilobed; front portion rich crimson, throat bright yellow, shading to white, which radiates into the crimson on front portion; a pale crimson band extends front of column to apices on side lobes. Column white, shaded with green at the base; flower pleasantly fragrant. TWO NEW EPILALIAS. IN arecent account of Sir Trevor: Lawrence’s:fine collection at Burford, Dorking, (Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxii, p. 112), reference is made to two new Epilzlias. Speaking of the collection of hybrids, it is remarked that some remarkable crosses are in bloom, “notably Epilelia x between Epidendrum vitellinum and «Lelia -tenebrosa, the orange and _ purple flowers displaying both parents, but not in a manner to warrant its being grown, except as a curiosity; Epilelia x, between L. cinnabarina and E. fucatum, is also singular.” It would be interesting to know more about them. Fs RR ee Bee aR ee ee ee pg Ot oe en nS) ats Sr THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27 Ww VANDA TERES. THE annexed illustration represents a fine group of Vanda teres from the collection of Dr. George Wilks, Ashford, Kent, and is reproduced from a photograph kindly sent for this purpose. An interesting note from Mr. A. Hutchinson, Dr. Wilks’ gardener, gives particulars as to the cultural methods employed. The plants are grown in teak boxes about twelve inches deep, and always placed at the end or sides of the East Indian house, close to the glass, and facing south-west, so that they receive the greatest amount of sunshine possible in this country. This is considered one of the Fic. 28. Group OF VANDA TERES. most essential points. The compost consists of coke, and very lumpy peat, top-dressed with sphagnum, and the plants are tied up to oak stakes, the rougher the better. When in bloom the plants are removed to the Exhibition house, and water is entirely withheld for a month, to prevent the flower spotting. They will keep well in the boxes for five years, and when too tall the tops are cut off to about two feet in length, and made up afresh. One small box had one hundred and seventy-five blooms this season. Mr. Hutchinson remarks that they do not succeed well with him in pots. Dr. Wilks and his clever gardener must be congratulated on their success. 274 THE ORCHID REVIEW. SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. A MEETING of the above Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on August 5th, when the Orchids exhibited were not numerous, though including some good things. Captain G. L. Holford, M.v.o., C.1.E., Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Alexander), received a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group containing Lzlio-cattleya xX C. G. Roebling, L.-c. X Pharos (L. tenebrosa X C. superba), L.-c. X elegans Westonbirt variety, bearing a spike of nine fine rose-coloured flowers, Cypripedium X cenanthum superbum, C. X Bryan, C. X Cleopatra, C. superbiens, C. purpuratum, Miltonia Regnellii citrina, Cattleya xX Patrocinii, Sophronitis grandiflora, and others. A magnificent specimen of Vanda ccerulea, consisting of a single stem, and bearing thirty- seven leaves, perfect from base to apex, and two spikes of twelve and sixteen large flowers, all fully expanded, was deservedly awarded a Cultural Commendation. J. F. Alcock, Esq., Northchurch, showed a dark variety of Odonto- glossum Harryanum. : ; H. Little, Esq., Baronshalt, E. Twickedlidn r. Mr. Howard), showed cut spikes of Cattleya Mendelii, and of two fine varieties of C. Warscewiczii. F. A. Rehder, Esq., Gipsy Hill (gr. Mr. Norris), exhibited Cypripedium x Sophie (Gowerianum X niveum), a fine hybrid having a white flower, tinged with green on the lower part of the segments, and with rose on the outer halves, and the nerves marked with rows of purple dots. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a fine group, containing Cypripedium x Chapmanii magnificum, C. x Eleanor, C. X Leander var. Hyades, C. x A. de Lairesse, C. x Lawrebel, C. X Ian Hamilton (Argus Moensii xX Charlesworthii) having the dorsal sepal tinged with rose, and the lines spotted with purple, while the broad _ petals ‘were rose-coloured and bearing large blackish spots; Cattleya X Hardyana, C. X Germania superba, a pretty hybrid between C. bicolor and C. Lueddemanniana, and Leelio-cattleya x purpurato- -Schilleriana. A First-Class Certificate was awarded to L.-c. x Adolphus superba (L. cinnabarina X C. Aclandiz), a charming little plant, with most of the habit of Cattleya Aclandiz, and an erect inflorescence of several flowers, having the sepals and petals Indian yellow in colour, regularly spotted with purple-red, and the disc of the lip yellow, passing into purplish rose on the front lobe and tips of the side lobes. Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, received a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group consisting chiefly of Cattleyas, and containing C. labiata, THE ORCHID REVIEW. | 275 C. Gaskelliana, C. X Hardyana, C. Eldorado ornata with purple-tipped petals, the pure white C. E. Wallisii, C. superba splendens, and C, Harrisoniana, together with some good examples of Cypripedium niveum. Messrs. W. Bull & Son’s, King’s Road, Chelsea, exhibited Cypri- pedium xX Decia (Charlesworthii x superciliare), most resembling the former parent, but having a larger dorsal sepal more closely veined with rose. Mr. J. Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, showed Lelio-cattleya X Juno Edenside variety (C. Mossi# x L. grandiflora), said to be the reverse cross of the original form, and most resembling the Lelia parent in general character. The Report of the Scientific Committee for the same date contains the following :— CATTLEYA AND L& Lia Cross.—Mr. Douglas exhibited a plant, L.-c. x Juno Edenside var., the result of crossing C. Mossiz with L. majalis. It is usually considered an invariable rule that hybrid Orchids betray the characters of both parents; the present plant, though an undoubted cross, was thought to be exceptional in this respect, shewing relatively little of the Cattleya. A coloured illustration which Mr. Douglas exhibited of C. Mossiz, together with the plant, showed a degree of yellow in the throat which was wanting in the living plant. L. majalis has a very spotted lip, but this feature was also wanting in the plant. That a cross or hybrid, although usually intermediate, may have one or other parent prepotent is well known; but the second generation, as Dr. Masters observed, will often reveal the other parentage more completely. DENDROBIUM DALHOUSIANUM SYNANTHIC.—Dr. Masters exhibited a specimen (received from Mr. W. Potter, Beckenham) of two flowers coherent by their ovaries and the two adjacent sepals, all the other parts being distinct. A second meeting was held on August 19th, when there was again a small but very interesting display of Orchids. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford Bridge (gr. Mr. White), showed a small group containing Cattleya x Parthenia rosea, a very fine specimen of Odontoglossum aspidorhinum, having twenty-four spikes of flowers, the sprays arching all round the plant in a very graceful manner (Cultural Commendation) ; a good example of Sarcanthus appendiculatus, a pretty little species with terete leaves and longish racemes (Cultural Commenda- tion): and the rare Brazilian Houlletia Brocklehurstiana (Botanical Certificate). F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. Gilbert), received a 276 THE ORCHID REVIEW. First-Class Certificate for Cattleya x Lady Ingram Westfield variety (Eldorado x Dowiana aurea), a large and beautiful variety having blush white sepals and petals, and a very richly coloured lip. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), received an Award of Merit for Lézlio-cattleya x Ingramii Rosslyn variety (L. Dayana X C. Dowiana aurea), a very large and richly-coloured form. W. M. Appleton, Esq., Tyn-y-coed, Weston-super-mare (gr. Mr. Brooks), showed Cypripedium x Phcebe (philippinense x bellatulum), C. X Eos (niveum X Charlesworthii), C. x Rolfei (bellatulum x Roths- childianum), C. x Julia (Lawrenceanum xX exul), and C. x Tautzianum lepidum. N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Chapman), exhibited Cypripedium x vexill-Io (C. vexillarium x C. x Io), a pretty hybrid combining the characters of the two parents, those of the former predominating. R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Smith), sent a pretty hybrid Cattleya, allied to C. x Parthenia, but paler in colour, and the lip broader. Sir James Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns., N.B. (gr. Mr. Hamilton), exhibited a pretty Lzlio-cattleya of doubtful parentage, having the sepals. and petals bronze coloured, and the front lobe of the lip bright purple. H. Whateley, Esq., Kenilworth, showed a variety of Odontoglossum crispum called Blanche Whateley, having a white flower sparingly blotched with purple, those of the sepals confluent into a single large blotch. Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, staged a small group containing Lelio-cattleya x callistoglossa, L.-c. x bletchleyensis, L.-c. x Magnei var. Mrs. E. Rogerson (L. tenebrosa x C. granulosa Dubuysonia), a very light form of L.-c. x elegans, Cypripedium xX Mars (Io grande x Roths- childianum), and C. x William Matthews (Mastersianum X Law- renceanum). Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, showed a handsome Cattleya Eldorado splendens, Cypripedium niveum, C. xX Nandii, Lelia grandiflora (majalis), and a fine Lelio-cattleya x elegans. MANCHESTER AND NorTH oF ENGLAND ORCHID. A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on August 14th, when there was only a small display of Orchids. S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Cypher), received a First- class Certificate for Cattleya x Atalanta superba (C. Leopoldi x Wars- cewiczil) a fine form with bronzy purple sepals and petals anda rich crimson-purple lip. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 277 R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Pidsley), staged a small group, to which a Bronze Medal was given, the more noteworthy being several plants of Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, and a fine Cypripedium x Excelsior, the latter receiving a Cultural Certificate. E. Rogerson, Esq., Didsbury (gr. Mr. Jones) received an Award of Merit for Cypripedium x Mrs. Preston, a pretty hybrid whose parentage ‘was not stated. R. Tunstill, Esq., Burnley (gr. Mr. Balmforth), exhibited a natural hybrid Cattleya which was purchased some time ago as C. x O’brieniana, but proved different, though one parent was evidently C. Loddigesii, on account of some marked resemblances in the flower. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, sent an interesting group of plants, to which a Bronze Medal was awarded. Cattleya x Germania (C. granulosa Schofieldiana x Hardyana) was unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate. A Botanical Certificate was also given to the West African Angrwcum distichum, an interesting species, bearing small axillary racemes of white flowers on erect leafy stems. Messrs. Cowan & Co., Gateacre, received a First-class Certificate for Cypripedium xX tixallense superbum. CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER. By JOHN MACKAY, The Gardens, Highbury, Birmingham. WE have approached the time of year when growth generally should be far advanced; unfortunately the season has not been at all favourable for certain sections of Orchids, i.e., Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, Lzeelias, and these therefore are somewhat backward in making up their growth. Where this is the case everything should be done to encourage its advance- ment, and in getting the same firmly matured ere the winter months are upon us. Shading will yet be needed, but only during the hottest part of the day, to prevent undue burning or other injury to the foliage. Ventilation should be as freely given as. outside conditions permit, for light and air at this time of the year are most essential in ripening the newly-made growths and pseudobulbs. Less damping will also be necessary, especially towards the latter part of the day; avoid, however, letting the atmosphere become too dry. : Cool house Orchids generally have greatly benefited by the dull moist conditions that have prevailed, and where occuping a north aspect little or no shading will in future be required. Ventilation should be fully admitted, top and bottom, during the day and night, so that the plants may reap the benefit of the dewy night air. Although fire heat has been employed more or less during the present summer, on dull days and cold nights, it will be 278 THE ORCHID REVIEW. necessary in all the other departments to keep a little warmth in the pipes at night, and in cold weather during the day also, in order to facilitate the process of ripening. The number of flowering Orchids will now gradually increase, as we have already a goodly number of more or less conspicuous ones in flower, and a great many others are fast sending up their flower spikes. Dendrobium formosum and D. Phalznopsis have almost completed their growth and will soon send up their bloom spikes; water will be required liberally at the roots for some time to come, in fact until their flowers are past, when it should be gradually withheld, giving sufficient only to maintain the pseudo- bulbs in a plump condition. Cypripediums belonging to the cool section, namely C. Charlesworthii, and the many varieties of C. insigne, are commencing to push up their flower scapes, and should have every encouragement to induce them to flower satisfactorily. C. Charlesworthii is nearly expanding its flowers, and these will open better if removed to slightly warmer quarters; the Inter- mediate department will be found suitable for this process. Two very pretty Oncidiums are now in bloom, namely, O. ornitho- rhynchum and O. incurvum, both inmates of the Intermediate house. These, after flowering, should be given a lengthy period of rest, with sufficient water only to keep the pseudobulbs plump. A few more of this section, namely, O. tigrinum, O. Forbesii, O. crispum, and O. varicosum have nearly com- pleted their new pseudobulbs, and are sending up their flower spikes. These should now be given plenty of light and air, in order to ripen their somewhat sappy growths, especially where cultivated in leaf soil, as this will help to strengthen the flower spikes without in any way interfering with their growth. Vanda ccerulea, where grown successfully, will now be in its beauty, and as such it is always an Orchid to be admired. Unfortunately we do not always find it growing just to our own liking, and in a good many gardens it is given up in disgust after what is said to be a fair trial. Iam well aware that to attempt to grow Vanda ccerulea near a smoky towm is @ very difficult matter ; for one of the essential points in its cultivation is here lacking, namely, pure air. However, it is surprising what can be done in these localities in the way of plant culture, and by adopting a system of rational treatment during growth, in accordance with those of its native home—such as plenty of light and air, with plenty of moisture to counteract the drying effects of ventilation, a moderately cool dry rest after flowering, and suspending them ina light airy position near the glass—better results might be obtained. Vanda Sanderiana is another lovely species which one seldom meets with in what might be termed the pink of condition. It will now be showing THE ORCHID REVIEW. 279 its flower spikes in most collections, and at the same time rooting freely. The plants should be suspended near the glass in the warmest house, and should be given plenty of moisture at the roots, and in the atmosphere, until out of flower, when only sufficient wiil be required to keep the foliage healthy during the winter months. : In the East Indian House plants such as Saccolabiums, Aérides, Angre- cums, &c., will have almost completed growth, and will need slightly less water, both atmospherically and at the root, than hitherto. Ventilate as freely as conditions will allow, and afford them plenty of light, in order to consolidate the new foliage, preventing at a later period any attacks of fungoid spots, which soon disfigure the appearance of this class of Orchid. The long-bulbed section of Cattleyas, such as C. granulosa and its varieties, prove very useful at the present time. Their culture is not at all difficult, being quite identical with that the other inmates of the Cattleya house. When out of flower these should be allowed to gradually lapse into a resting condition, taking care not to withhold water from the roots too quickly, for they will continue to make new roots freely from the base of the newly- made pseudobulbs. The deciduous Dendrobiums, as soon as the growths have reached maturity, should be removed to a cooler, more airy posi ion, and gradually brought to a condition of rest; any that are backward being given a good position at.the warmest end of the house, so that they may reach maturity ere the winter sets in. The evergreen Dendrobiums may now have the benefit of strong sunlight, with ample ventilation, whenever these are procurable, giving water in sufficient quantity to maintain the pseudobulbs. in a satisfactory condition. Thunias have now mostly ripened their growths, and, where the foliage has dropped, should be placed in a cool, dry place and given a long rest, thus ensuring the appearance of strong breaks in the spring. DISA GRANDIFLORA.—I find the most suitable time for potting this lovely Orchid is the latter end of September or beginning of October, for the fleshy roots have not got so far advanced in growth as to be injured by this process. Having had a good rest after flowering, this operation may be commenced wherever necessary. I prefer perfectly clean pots and crocks, this being very important, for the roots of Disas will not enter anything dirty or sour. In crocking, which should be done carefully, the crocks should be on their ends, so that the roots may ramble down between them without turning in a horizontal direction, as they will do if laid flatways. On top of the crocks place a layer of moss to prevent soil from choking the drainage. The potting compost should consist of ra parts spongy peat, with bracken roots in it, a little turfy loam, with a small quantity of cow manure, thoroughly dried before using, mixing. 280 THE ORCHID REVIEW. amongst it plenty of coarse sand and lumps of sandstone. The ingredients should be mixed well together before being used. When potting, slightly elevate the plants above the rim, for then they are not so liable to damp off at the collar, the water leaving them much more quickly. Finish off with a little sphagnum and small pieces of sandstone. After potting take them back to their winter quarters and give a good watering with tepid rain water through a fine rose, when they will require no more for several days, only to be kept moist by the syringe. Disas like to be near the glass and to receive abundance of light at all times, only shading when the sun is at all hot, and shining directly on them. When attacked with fly, fumigate with XL All insecticide, taking care that the foliage is quite dry at the time. THEFT OF ORCHIDS IN CALCUTTA. THE systematic theft of valuable plants from private and public gardens in Calcutta is an old standing grievance, and we are pleased to see that the Eden Garden authorities have initiated criminal proceedings against two native malis for the theft of five Orchids from the Plant House in Eden Gardens. Three of the stolen Orchids were Phalznopsis Schilleriana and two Phalnopsis amabilis, valued at Rs. 50. Inspector Bowen pointed out that the two accused were in no way connected with the Eden Gardens. These men were arrested in connection with a theft of Orchids from Belvedere. In the present case the stolen Orchids were last seen in the Eden Gardens on the evening of the 30th July last. These were eventually traced to Babu Dooly Chand’s garden at Dum-Dum, where they had been sold to the head mali, Srimonto, for Rs. 50 by Umesh Chunder Bhuyia, a florist of the New Market, who had purchased the same from the two accused for Rs. 22-8. Some evidence was then recorded in the case. The head mali of the Eden Gardens, who was virtually the complainant in the case, said that he had duly reported the loss of the Orchids to his head Babu, who reported the matter to the police. Witness proceeded on Sunday evening to Babu. Dooly Chand’s garden at Dum-Dum in company with the police, Umesh Chunder Bhuyia, and the two accused. The stolen Orchids were produced by the head mali, Srimonto. Umesh had told witness that he had purchased the Orchids from the two accused, who had divided the proceeds between themselves. Witness added that originally the Orchids in question were purchased for Rs. 50, at Rs. 10 each, but their present value would not fall short of Rs. 100. The two malis were sentenced to three months’ imprisonment each. The stolen Orchids were ordered to be restored to the Eden Gardens.—Indian Gardening. LHE ORCHID REVIEW. 281 ODONTOGLOSSUM CHIRIQUENSE. Ir is interesting to find that the handsome Odontoglossum chiriquense from the collection of W.G. Groves, Esq., Holebird, Windermere, has made further progress. In July, 1898, it was exhibited in thriving condition before the Royal Horticultural Society, carrying two fine spikes, when it was awarded a Silver Flora Medal in recognition of its excellent culture (Orch. Rev., vii., p. 49). It also received a Gold Medal and a FIG. 29. ODONTOGLOSSUM CHIRIQUENSE. Cultural Certificate from the Manchester Orchid Society in August of the following year. This year Mr. Groves remarks that the plant has excelled itself, having produced eight spikes, though one unfortunately succumbed to the attack of a snail, and another only appeared when the flowers of the rest were beginning to open. The plant was photographed, and the copies sent 282 THE ORCHID REVIEW. show a magnificent specimen, bearing six very strong spikes, which Mr. Groves remarks were nearly three feet long, and bore an average of thirty flowers each, the individual blooms being as large as a five shilling piece. Having already illustrated the species, we reproduce our original figure, which will enable anyone to imagine what a specimen bearing six inflorescences is like. The sepals and petals are bright red-brown, and the lip yellow, but the contrast of colour is not so well shown as in the later photograph. Mr. Groves remarks that the plant is doing well, and they have recently had to enlarge the raft to four feet long. It is grown in the Cool House, in sphagnum moss, which is kept constantly wet. This suits it so well that Mr. Groves suspects it to be a bog plant in its native habitat. The plant has been grown to its present size from a small plant imported nine years ago, and Mr. Groves must be congratulated on his success in producing such a noble specimen. It may be added that the flower spikes were not allowed to remain’ on the plant very long after arriving at perfection, for fear that the production of so much flower might have a weakening effect. The history of the species is given at the place above cited. OBITUARY. H. J. Ross.—A well-known Orchidist has passed away in the person ot Henry James Ross, of Poggio Gherardo, Florerce, Italy, who died at his residence on July 17th last, at the mature age of 82 years. Mrs. Ross has kindly acceded to our request to furnish a few particulars of her deceased husband’s career. Mr. Ross was born in Malta in 1820, and began his career in the East before he was seventeen. He ‘passed four years at Erzeroum, and then went to Mosul, where he helped Mr. (afterwards Sir Henry) Layard to excavate Nineveh. At the close of the Crimean War he was employed by the English Government to sell many thousands of animals collected for our projected campaign in Georgia, and leaving Samsoon on the Black Sea he marched at the head of a column four miles long through Asia Minor, over the Taurus and the Antitaurus to Alexandretta on the Mediterranean. This journey excited considerable interest at the time, and was by some compared to the march of Xenophon and his ten thousand. Afterwards Mr. Ross settled in Egypt, where he remained until 1869, when he went to Italy. The account of his early life will soon be published by Mr. Dent, under the title of « Letters from the East, by Henry James Ross, 1837 to 1857.” Always passionately fond of flowers, Mr. Ross’ Orchid collection began by a friend bringing him some boxes of Orchids from his woods neat Mandalay, in Upper Burmah. Among these were a quantity of Vanda | a THE ORCHID REVIEW. 283. Parishii Marriottiana, and Mrs. Ross believes that the first plant sold in England came from his collection. The collection grew rapidly, and at length filled five large houses, while the remarkable health and vigour of the plants, no doubt partly owing to the favourable climate, has struck several of our English Orchidists who have seen it. The collection was formerly located at Castagnolo, Lastra a Signa, between Florence and Pisa, but about the beginning of 1889 Mr. Ross purchased the old Castello di Poggio Gherardo, which stands on a ‘projecting spur of the lower ranges of the Fiesole Hills, some two miles: east of Florence, to which the Orchids were then transferred. The collection was then computed to contain nearly a thousand species, and to be the finest ever got together in Italy, not excepting the celebrated one of Prince Demidoff, at San Donato, near Florence, which was dispersed in 1878. Some years ago a catalogue of the collection was published. For some years Mr. Ross was a regular correspondent of Reichen- bach’s, and in 1882 Aérides expansum Leoniz flowered in the collection, being dedicated by request to Leonie, wife of Mr. Louie Allan Goss, who discovered the plant in the creeks of Arracan, and sent it to Mr. Ross in the previous year. Dendrobium Dalhousianum Rossianum was _ also described about the same time, being dedicated to Mr. Ross, while Coelogyne Rossiana and Peristeria Rossiana were subsequently added by the same author. In 1889 a Cycnoches in the collection produced both male and female flowers on the same pseudobulb, and was afterwards described under the name of C. Rossianum (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1891, ix., p- 456). The male raceme is pendulous, some two feet or more long, and the flowers were once compared by Mr. Ross to ‘‘a lot of monkeys running up a rope, there being the head, the body, and the upturned tails and when viewed in a certain direction the resemblance is obvious enough. Two other Orchids which have been named after Mr. Ross are Lycaste Rossiana, a Mexican species, and Paphiopedilum X Rossianum, a hybrid between P. tonsum and P. barbatum. Mention of the latter reminds us that Mr. Ross has paid some attention to hybridising, and we learn that there are several hundred seedlings in the collection, which will flower in the next few years. Mr. Ross has been a frequent correspondent and constant supporter of the Review since the commencement, and it is interesting to recall his notes on the culture of Bolleas, Pescatoreas, and allied plants, at page 14 of our last volume. And we may recall the beautiful Paphiopedilum x Venetia, figured at page 241, which — Bi melancholy interest as the last plant received from Mr. Ross, and in the fact that he did not live to see the reproduction. Mrs. Ross, ” whom we tender our sincere sympathy, is also an ardent admirer of Orchids, and has 284 THE ORCHID REVIEW. made water-colour drawings of many interesting plants in the collection. She is known in the literary world as the authoress of Three Generations of English Women and other works. BULBOPHYLLUM HAMELINII. ALTHOUGH known in gardens for upwards of nine years, this remarkable species has only now, we believe, bloomed in Europe for the first time, the honour resting with Mr. F. W. Moore, of the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin. The earliest notice of the plant that we know of appeared in Garden and Forest for 1893, (page 336) and is as follows :— “BULBOPHYLLUM HAMELINII.—This is another of Messrs. Sander & Co.’s recent introductions. It is a remarkable and distinct looking Madagascar plant, with pseudobulbs like some great flat marine shell, and leaves that are in shape, size and colour like those of Oncidium ampliatum majus ; the flower stem is erect, thick as one’s finger, eighteen inches long and shows as many as 150 flower seats. No description of the flowers was given, as the collector had not seen them. There is no Bulbophyllum in cultivation anything like this plant, the pseudobulbs being four inches across and pressed flat against the thick rhizome, which evidently clings tightly to the branches of trees. Whatever the flowers of this plant may turn out to be, it is certainly worthy of a place in all representative tropical collections on account of its peculiar pseudobulbs.”—W., London. The inflorescence now produced agrees well with the one described above, being stout and with the raceme bent over almost at a right angle, and measuring 4 inches long by 1% inches broad ; the rachis itself measuring 5 lines in diameter, on which the flowers are densely arranged. The bracts are ovate-oblong in shape, rather longer than the flowers at the base, but decreasing upwards, and more or less suffused with red-purple. The flowers have the typical Bulbophyllum shape, and the ovate-oblong sepals measure half an inch long, and are suffused and spotted with red-purple, the ground colour becoming paler towards the base. The subulate, acute petals are whitish, margined with dark purple-brown, and the broad fleshy papillose lip is wholly of the latter colour above, but whitish underneath. The column and its small acute teeth are white. Like many of its allies, it possesses a highly disagreeable odour. It is certainly a remarkable species, and one of the giants of the genus, an imported leaf measuring as much as 16 inches long by 44 inches broad. In some respects it recalls the remarkable Bornean B. Beccarii, though the two species differ in numerous particulars. The latter now seems to have disappeared from our collections. : R. A. ROLFE. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 285, ANGULOA CLOWESII. A PHOTOGRAPH, and woodcut prepared from the same, of a remarkable- specimen of Anguloa Clowesii which gained a Veitch Memorial Medal at a. meeting of the Royal Botanical and Horticultural Society of Manchester,. in June, 1878, is sent by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., of Bury, who writes :—The:- article on the successful cultivation of Anguloa Clowesii in the collection. of Major Joicey, at Sunningdale Park (page 232) brings to my recollection a plant with which I gained the Veitch Memorial Medal at one of the: Manchester Exhibitions many years ago. The plant, of which the enclosed’ woodcut gives a good idea, was grown from one or two bulbs, and was not made up at all. The photograph is the original from which the woodcut was prepared. We may supplement the note by an extract from the report of the Exhibition in question (Gard. Chron., 1878, ix., p. 770) :—‘‘ Anguloa Clowesii, a noble specimen, to which the Veitch Memorial Medal was after- wards awarded: this plant was fully three feet across the base, where there were nearly fifty of its rich golden cups, surmounted bya bold crown of: perfectly developed leaves—the plant a picture of health and freshness, and. magnificently bloomed.” The plant was one of a group of sixteen Orchids: which gained the first prize, and it is noted that another of Mr. Wrigley’s: groups, which gained the first prize in the class for nine Orchids, also contained! a grand specimen of Anguloa Clowesii. We do not know the source of the: woodcut, but it shows over thirty flowers, and there would be additional! ones on the other side of the plant. It is certainly a noble specimen, and! an example of progressive good culture, which we imagine has seldom: if ever been surpassed. MILTONIA ROEZLII WITH DIMORPHIC FLOWERS. A PHOTOGRAPH representing “two distinct varieties of Miltonia Roezlii: flowering on the same plant,” in the collection of M. Wilham simie fa Chambésy, near Geneva, is reproduced in a recent issue of the Gardeners Chronicle (1902, xxxii, p. 135, fig. 46). An inflorescence to the left shows the: normal form, with a purple blotch at the base of the petals, while one to the right is destitute of these blotches, and appears to represent the variety: alba. There appear to be two growths, and if these have been derived from one original one the case is very interesting. Its history, however, is. not stated. One is inclined to ask, are varieties constant ? but if a small. piece of the two forms had been accidently potted up together a similar effect would be expected, and we have seen such cases among Orchids. We should like to know of its behaviour next year. 286 THE ORCHID REVIEW. NOTES. ‘Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on the 2nd and 23rd, when the ‘Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid ‘Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 11th. ‘The Committee meets at 11.30 a.m., and the exhibits are open to inspection from 12.30 to 3 p.m. ) A fine flower of Lzlio-cattleya x elegans Broomeana is sent from the collection of Joseph Broome, Esq., Sunny Hill, Llandudno. It is one of the best dark coloured forms known, the sepals and petals being of a rich -dark purple, slightly paler at the base, and the front lobe of the lip of a still darker tint, and nearly two inches broad, while the side lobes are creamy white with the reflexed tips of the deepest richest purple. A remarkable flower of Cattleya Leopoldi is also sent from the same collection, the parts being reduced to two sepals and a pair of lips, alter- nating with the sepals, and enfolding the column which is also abnormal. A similar dimerous form has previously been recorded in two or three other ‘species. A two flowered inflorescence of the pretty Lelio-cattleya x Issy (L. tenebrosa X C. Leopoldi) is sent from the collection of Sir James Hamilton, Manderston, Duns, N.B., by Mr. Hamilton. It most resembles the latter parent in shape, but that the sepals and petals are longer, and more acute, with the petals somewhat undulate. The colour of these organs is fairly intermediate, with a trace of the Leopoldi spotting, while the side lobes of the lip are white, tinged with lilac, and the front lobe and disc of a clear purple crimson. It is one of Messrs. Charlesworth’s hybrids, and ‘was described at page 303 of our last volume. An interesting but puzzling flower is sent from the collection of R. Tunstill, Esq., of Burnley, by Mr. Balmforth. It was purchased last year as Cattleya X O’Brieniana, but proves to have much larger side — lobes. C. X O’Brieniana is a supposed natural hybrid between C. dolosa and C. Loddigesii, but Mr. Tunstill’s plant has the sidelobes almost or quite as large as in the last named, though the flower differs in other respects. The pollinia seem to be those of Cattleya proper, but we do not see what combination of species would yield such a plant. A hybrid from C. dolosa should show more or less dwarfed side lobes to the lip, also a dwarfed ‘habit, and whether the latter applies to the present plant we do not know- THE ORCHID REVIEW. 287 It would be interesting to know the district it came from, and the species with which it was imported, as this might furnish some further clue to its identity. A fine three-flowered inflorescence of the handsome Paphiopedilum x Schillianum (P. xX Gowerianum xX Rothschildianum) is sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers. It is finely developed, the dorsal sepal being 2} inches broad, and the prettily spotted petals 4 inches long. MENDEL’S “LAW OF INHERITANCE.” WITH respect to our article on the above question (page 236), an esteemed correspondent points out that Weldon’s objections to Mendel’s results on the ground of neglect of ancestry are invalid, for Mendel not only tested the constancy of the kinds with which he worked for two years beforehand, but also continued the tests throughout his researches, as a sort of “control experiment.” And with respect to the alleged liability of hybrids to revert to parental characters, it is pointed out that the said reversion is not complete, or in its entirety, but only in respect of one of a pair of opposed characters ; and a species is made up of many characters. This makes the specific character entirely subordinate tc the unit character, whatever that may be, and our remarks were made with regard to the crossing of species as a whole, not of specific characters only. M. Peeters’ hybrid, which raised the question, seems to have reverted in all its characters, and the argument was that this was inexplicable by Mendel’s Law. The subject is clearly in its infancy. JAVA VANILLA. CONCERNING the profit on the cultivation of Vanilla on a small scale, Mr. Ligtvoet, of Java, gave some interesting information at the Annual Meeting of the Soekaboemi Agricultural Society. He had grown vanilla on a small piece of ground measuring 2} acres; the yield was 172lbs. The parcel of vanilla was consigned to Amsterdam, and sold there at an overhead price of 15f. per kilo. (11s. 3d. per Ib). The total net proceeds, after allowing for loss of exchange, were £ 82 11s. 4d., and as the expenses in Java had amounted to £2 7s. 2d., the net profit obtained basinae £80 4s. 2d. The author considers that the cultivation of vanilla in = would be remunerative for the small grower. The difference in the price 288 THE ORCHID REVIEW. paid for Bourbon vanilla as compared with that grown in Java, is due chiefly to the finer aroma of the former, and also to the fact that parcels of Bourbon vanilla are always of equal quality.—Indian Gardening. ORCHID PORTRAITS. CATTLEYA X WAVRINIANA WIGAN’S VAR.—Journ. Hort., 1902, p. 97, with fig. CYpRIPEDIUM X HYBRIDUM FRAU GEHEIMRAT Borsic.—Gartenflora, 1902, p. 393, t. 1501. CYPRIPEDIUM X LEBAUDYANUM.—A mer. Gard., xxiil., pp. 385, 387, fig. go. CYPRIPEDIUM X SVEND BRU lll., p. 385, fig. 89. L&LIO-CATTLEYA X ADOLPHUS SUPERBA.— Journ. of Hort., 1902, xlv., p. 169, with fig. ; Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxii., p. 111, fig. 37. L&LIO-CATTLEYA X APHRODITE KinGc EDWARD VIl. —Gard. Mag., 1902, pp. 530, 531, with fig. L#LIO-CATTLEYA X BROOMFIELDENSIS.—Journ. Hort., 1902, Xlv.; p- 121, with fig. L&LIO-CATTLEYA X CANHAMIANA ALBA.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xlv., p. 145, with fig. ‘ L&LIO-cATTLEYA X MADAME MARGUERITE FourNIER.—Rev. Hort., 1902, p. 360, with fig. Mittonia RoeEziit (with dimorphic flowers).—Gard. Chron., 1902, XXXIl., p. 135, with fig. NanopvEs MEDusS&.—Amer. Gard., xxiii., p. 483, fig. 105. ONCIDIUM VARICOSUM CHARLESWORTHII.—Gard. ae 1902, pp- 566, 567, with fig. STANHOPEA Lowi! vAR. AMESIANA.—Journ. of Hort., $003, xlv., p- 193+ with fig. CORRESPONDENCE. (Correspondents not answered here may find replies to their queries on other pages, and in s tases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over fora future issue. In the case of hy brid seul? sent for name, the parentage and history should always be briefly stated, for without ‘aise details we are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily.) sine of D.Dalhiusianam ad's geod arene oe ee F.L. Unavoidably deferred till next month. E.W. Cattleya Loddigesii, typical. Photographs received, with thanks.—J.W.A., Dr. C. MURRAY’S PATENT ORCHID STAND. Effectually prevents the destructive fungoid growth arising from stagnant air. 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One gentleman says: “I consider your visit has been worth {100 to me.’ All desirous of having the benefit in matters when in the vicinity, at a very small fee. H. A. B. attends Orchid Sales, and will be pleased to receive com- missions to buy for those who cannot atten Ethel House, King’s Heath, ere SANDER’S ORCHID GUIDE CONTAIN ALL THE BEST see SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION. Their native countries, seine 38 - the eget and flowers, season of flowering, best cultiva- tion, temperatures, Cane, pouiig. sarki reliable, =_—" & useful, ADDRESS: Ce Concise, together wit and PARENTAGE e all the KNOWN YBRID ORCHIDS, alphabetical form so that all each species or hybrid may be NAMES Arranged in oe Hybrids — from é ascertained at a glance. 330 pages, strongly bound. I — alike io Amateur & Expert. ce 10s. SAN DER & SONS, ALBANS. sTy ORCHIDS. Those especially who contemplate forming a Collection would profit by consulting STANLEY, ASHTON & GCo.. SOUTHGATE, LONDON. 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JAMES CYPHER, poe EXOTIC NURSERIES, - CHELTENHAM. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS!! JUST RECEIVED A GRAND IMPORTATION OF “2 VANDA CC@RULEA, nd other EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. PRICES, WITH SAMPLES, ON APPLICATION. seg U2 Ws MOORE, LTD., rehid Importers, RAWDON, near LEEDS, J; WEEKS: & ‘CO, Uta, thorticultural Builders To Her Majesty, H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, ° Government, Dept., Royal Hort. Soc., Roy Parks and Public Buildings. TeLecraPH, “HORTULANUS,” LONDON. Te 28. LeEPHONE, No. 87: Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, s.W. ee MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND Orchid Society. cole GE, MARKE1 HEADQUARTERS : THE COAL EXCHAN PLACE, MANCHESTER. to 3 o'clock p.m. P. WEATHERS, Hon, Sec., Botanical Gardens, Manchester. ORCHID HOUSES AOSTECIALTSLY: FOR Conservatories, Orchid Houses. Ferneries, ; Cucumber and Melon Houses, Vineries, ete. £ = a FOR All Classes of Hot Water Boilers and Heating Apparatus. Es Aa a i lg Gr ea a Printed by R. W. Simpson & Co., Lid., Richmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey. i BEE Shope) of 2 te ay y ER ae Sy Oe ee eee ees en, es pat ee ie a SATE i ae Less ; 3 ‘ SS) JE cuts we nigh OCTOBER,,. tr8. 1902, THE ORCHID REVIEW: Zin 3Fllustrated Monthly Journal, DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOQGY, Geo canilegs x Ascania ei Lelio-cattleya X Groganice «orgie Lelia-cattleya x Horniana - Paphiopedilum x Vannerze Contents. ag PAGE PAGE Calanthe x Rollisso . 294 | Leelia Boot hiana 295 Calendar of Operation for October... 314 | Liparis tricallosa 293 Cattleya pecler (Fig. ae poe bracteo 296 Cattleya x 2 Mendel’s Law of Titletance . 342 ge x Germania var. hurbagenss Miltonia X se beaiabites var bicolor sve 2Q2 29 sig Hybrid Orchids ee yew (ae Fagin Gross (Figs. 32 33) aA Not res 317 Corresponden 20 Orchid Portraits ‘s 320 D cnt regiuun : ed Orchids from Mander ee 204 Dies Orchidiani ... 289 | Paphiopedilum Cites 206 tnsap aN . Orchid Cultivation ... 298 | Paphiopedilum x Paris (Fig. 34) 313 Hybrid ofa G80 Paereredee Spicerianum ... 296 Socie 397 Manchester ‘and North of England » 310 Royal Hoviceitesat - 307 PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. Post FREE 7/- PER ANNUM PAYABLE IN ADVANCE, ee All Communications should be addressed to the Editor, as overleaf. Trade supplied ty— SHALL BROTHERS, Keswick House, PATERN [7 he =, of i is reserved.| OSTER Row, Lonpon, E.C. SANDER & SONS, *2. Largest Importers and Growers of Orchids in the World. . - ° oh eae NOTICES. The ORCHID REVIEW is published regularly at the i of cack month, price a net. 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Sa) Booksellers’ Wholesale Orders should be sent to MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick Houss, PATERNOsSTER Row, Lonpon, E.C. NEW STRAWBERRY, “‘The Khedive.’’ HIS variety was raised : by us from British Queen and Lord Suffield, is a most prolific bearer, and withstands the drought in : an unusual degree. Fruit medium size, conical, and dark red in colour; flesh firm, white, tinged with red, very sweet, lasting well to the end of July. Plants in small pots, 42s. per 100; 6s. per doz. Runners, 2is. per 100; 3s. per doz. SINGLE FRUIT; LIFE SIZE. Received oe | Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society, July 22nd, 1902. deep ct apa fruit, with prominent seeds and rich flavour,”—Gardeners’ Chronicle. voured handsome dark-coloured fruit.”—The Garden "A OPER pect yee Riri : Peg’ ood flay is 1 Horticultural Society, vol. , Dec,, 1901, ¥ Pb our. Sournst: of the Roya JAMES VEITCH & SONS, LTD, Royal Exotic Nursery, THE ORCHID REVIEW. VoL. X.] OCTOBER, 1902. [No. 118. DIES ORCHIDIANI. EXAMPLES of progressive good culture are always interesting, and some remarkable cases have recently been noted in the Review. Mr. Wrigley’s. specimen of Anguloa Clowesii, bearing nearly fifty flowers, as mentioned at page 285, which gained the Veitch Memorial Medal in 1878, must surely have created a record which has not since been surpassed, though this is. one of the species that used to be exhibited in fine condition years ago, when specimen Orchids were more the fashion. And it is satisfactory to- find that the custom of growing such plants is not altogether out of vogue, for Major Joicey’s specimen, mentioned at p. 232, has progressed from a small plant until it has produced an aggregate of thirty-three flowers, and Mr. Thorne expresses the determination to grow it on until it produces fifty flowers, and then exhibit it at the R.H.S. And we may not- have long to wait. ' And we have another example in a group which does not so readily lend itself to the production of such specimens. The photograph of Mr, Groves’ noble specimen of Odontoglossum chiriquense, bearing six spikes, each nearly three feet long, with an average of thirty flowers each, ought to have been reproduced, that all the world might see it, though the earlier picture shows what that plant has done since 1898. _ And it seems that no lessthan eight spikes were actually produced. The plant now requires a block four feet long, and what it will require in a few years if it progresses. at this rate can only be guessed. All the plants that I have mentioned were grown on from small pieces, and such examples form object lessons, especially when the subjects are not particularly tractable under ordinary conditions. But it is clear that we cannot see them very frequently at our Shows, for a few of them would fill a Pickford’s van. But they might more often be photographed, and photo- graphic illustratigns are now so perfect that we might secure permanent 290 THE ORCHID REVIEW. records of some of them, as in the case of Mr. Brooman White’s remarkable Cattleya Mendelii, to which I alluded last month. I would commend this idea to some of our successful growers. It has been remarked that such specimens are less frequent than they ‘were some years ago, and one of the chief causes I have indicated above. They are too big, and take up too much room. It is not a question of the decline of cultural skill, but rather that ‘‘elephants,” as they have been termed, have gone out of fashion. There are so many really fine Orchids in ‘cultivation that one cannot include everything, except in a very large collection, let alone grow them on into specimens; hence it is that many modern collections are largely made up of comparatively small plants, which flower freely within a rather limited space. But the majority of Orchids are more effective when grown on into well balanced specimens, and when this can be done without taking up too much space it represents an ideal condition of things, as is admitted by some of those who make little attempt to carry it into practice. Apart from the pleasing sensation called forth by such fine examples of good culture, there is the enhanced effect produced by masses of similar flowers seen from various positions at the same time. Some similar effects are often produced by grouping, when two or three plants of the same kind are flowering together, the combined effect being often far superior to that of scattering the plants among a number of other diverse kinds. And we have seen very beautiful examples of what may be termed imitation specimens, produced by temporarily placing three flowering plants of the same kind in a large deep pan, and then filling the interstices, and surfacing with moss. Some people might object to such ‘deception, but if done only for the sake of enhanced effect, and not used for any other purpose, there should be no objection to the practice. Speaking of considerations of space, in connection with the production of specimen plants, leads me to remark that there are many Orchids of moderate size which take up very little room, even when grown on into “specimens.” Such plants as Sophronitis grandiflora, Lelia pumila and Dayana, Odontoglossum Rossii and Cervantesii, and a number of those little gems often termed “ Botanical Orchids,” seldom give trouble in this direction, and it is only when grown in masses that some of them can be termed really effective. Fortunately there are numbers of such plants, and I believe that this is one of the reasons why Orchids have become so popular. Their quaint shapes, beautiful colours and markings, and the possibility of having a succession of bloom throughout the year, are all great points in THE ORCHID REVIEW. 291 their favour, but the fact that all this can be accomplished in a house of moderate dimensions, with suitable divisions for the warmer and cooler kinds, is a strong additional factor. Certain species which are showy enough in themselves are not very popular on account of the space that ‘they require. A combination of several qualities seems necessary to make what may be termed a good garden plant, but such plants are fortunately common among Orchids, and now that they have been taken so completely in hand by the Hybridist the number is rapidly increasing. | Hybridisation furnishes the opportunity for selection, first among the species to be operated with, and afterwards among the offspring, and striking as are the results already obtained, it is quite evident that the question is still inits infancy. He would be a bold man who would venture to prophesy what our collections will be like in another generation. But with such signs of progress on every hand it is at least possible to foresee an increased popularity for this beau- tiful class of plants. While speaking of progress in hybridisation let me add that I hope an effort will be made to keep our records clear. I notice in a recent report that the Manchester Orchid Society gave an Award of Merit to a plant ‘‘whose parentage was not stated.” The Society has arule that ‘‘ Members are requested to state Parentage of all Hybrid Orchids submitted for adjudication when possible, otherwise they are liable to disqualification.” | It is nodoubt difficult to pass over some beautiful plant which may have been discovered as astray seedling, or whose origin is involved in doubt for any other reason, but in such cases an effort should be made to solve the parentage by some other means. In the particular case mentioned, the Committee do not seem to have made any suggestion ; at all events none is recorded, and it is difficult to see how anyone else who raises the same plant can succeed in identifying it, without either description or record of parentage. Such plants are apt to get lost sight of, unless the question is cleared up later, which is often possible. We are getting too many of these doubtful plants, and I am inclined to suggest that when they flower again they should be sent to some expert for comparison ; and perhaps it would be as well to include a few others whose looks rather belie the parentage ascribed to them, forI am told that there are many such, and that the number tends to increase. I hope not, for if such is the case it must be rather bewildering to those who keep our records. ARGUS. 292 THE ORCHID REVIEW. CATTLEYA x DAYANA. Ir is well known that several species of Cattleya grow more or less intermixed in the province of Rio de Janeiro, and that some of them hybri- dise together ; and the remark must now be held to apply to C. Forbesii and C. guttata. There is a drawing in the Day collection (li., t. 35), dated August 7th, 1886, of which Mr. Day remarks :—‘‘ From a plant of my own, bought of Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, in flower. I considered it a spotted variety of C. Forbesii, but have sent a sketch of it to Prof. H. G. Reichenbach.. Bulbs 8 to 10 inches long, by $ broad at upper end, which is the broadest,. compressed, and sulcated in age, covered with whitey brown sheathing scales. when young. Leaves two, 6 xX 24 [inches], coriaceous.” In the index to the volume occurs the note ‘‘ Forbesii guttata?”’ evidently indicating a suspicion that it was a hybrid between these two species. And we could. scarcely have clearer evidence of its descent. The lip is almost identical with C. Forbesii in shape, colour, and the very characteristic veining, except that there isa slight interval between the front and side lobes. | The sepals- and petals, however, are almost those of the old C. guttata, but dull yellow in colour, and copiously spotted with brown. The leaves also closely resemble those of the latter species. Inshort, it combines the characters of these two very distinct species in the mcst unmistakable manner ; and both are common in the Rio district. It is fortunate that evidence is slowly accumulating which will enable a very interesting question to be cleared up.. R. A. ROLFE. MILTONIA x COGNIAUXIZ VAR. BICOLOR. A VERY fine example of this handsome natural hybrid is flowering in the Kew collection. It was sent from Brazil, by M. Binot, some time ago,- and proves identical with one sent to Kew for determination by Mr.. Thomas Spencer, Goodrich Court, Ross, in July, 1891, but was not described until last year (Rolfe in Orch. Rev., ix, p. 294). It is evidently a natural hybrid between the typical M. spectabilis and M. Regnellii. The plant most resembles the former in general habit, but the spikes are elongated up to 1 to 14 feet long, and bear a number of lanceolate bracts. on the peduncle, as in M. spectabilis, with the flowering bracts also 14 to: 1% inches long. The individual flowers, however, more nearly approach those of M. Regnellii, and measure nearly three inches across. The sepals. and petals are straw yellow, slightly tinged with purple at the base; and the lip light purple at the base, shading off to lilac, and finally yellowish in front. There are five spikes, the best of which bears five flowers. It is.a very handsome form, and the combination of characters is such as to- leave no deubt stout its origin. R. A. ROLFE. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293 DENDROBIUM REGIUM. A NEW Dendrobium from Lower Hindustan is described by Dr. Prain in the recently issued part of the Fournal of the Asiatic Society (lxxi, p. 80), under the above name. It is said that ‘‘among the Orchids that flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, during rgo1, one of the most beautiful was a Dendrobium that differs from any of the Indian species hitherto described. To be assured that the plant is in reality a previously unknown species a drawing from life has been compared with the material and drawings preserved in the great national collection at Kew. The species is very nearly related to D. nobile, Lindl., but is quite distinct from zany of the known varieties of that somewhat variable species. In the nearly uniform coloration of the sepals and petals (though not in the colour itself) it approaches most closely the form of D. nobile distinguished and figured by Lindley (Sertum, t. 18) as D. coerulescens. That plant, however, has a lip with purple throat and yellow margin; the present species has a -cream-coloured tube and throat, with a magenta limb coloured and marked like the petals and sepals. The lip of D. regium is, moreover, narrower than in any form of D. nobile, and is not pubescent.” A technical description iis given. We hope to see it in flower in England before long. on We LIPARIS TRICALLOSA. ‘Unper the name of “ Metroschillus sp.’’ (the name is printed twice, though we suspect Microstylis was originally written) we find in American Gardening for September 13th a figure of the above interesting plant (p. 595, fig. 126), with the following note :—‘‘ Through the courtesy of Mr. Thomas Knight, representing L’Horticole Coloniale, Brussels, Belgium, -we are able to present the accompanying picture of a new pretty species of an obscure group of Orchids. The flowers are purple, with darker stripes, and are characteristically described as resembling a small tortoise or a turtle. The species shown is unidentified; it was introduced last year from Borneo. The flowers are produced from July until September, and the spikes last about a month. “There are a number of most interesting plants in these obscure, lesser iknown genera of the Orchid family, all more or less curious and fascinating. ‘They are not so showy as the more popularly known kinds of Cattleyas, &c.; yet to the Orchid enthusiast who grows Orchids because they are Orchids, ‘these quaint members of the family always appeal with much force.” It will interest our esteemed contemporary to know that the plant is Liparis tricallosa, described by Reichenbach as long ago as 1882, and recently figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 7804). 294 THE ORCHID REVIEW. CALANTHE x ROLLISSONI. Tus is one of the older, and still imperfectly known hybrids. Hansem (Orch. Hyb., p. 82), citing from Bergman’s Orchidées des Semis (a work inaccessible to us), briefly records it as raised from Calanthe veratrifolia. x Masuca, by Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting, adding ‘‘nous ne savons si cette variété vit toujours.” We have not discovered a further record, but there is a drawing and note in the Day Collection of Drawings (lii., t. 71) which may throw further light on the question. This drawing, which was. made in June, 1887, is labelled Calanthe Mylami, and the plant is noted as a fine hybrid raised by Mr. Mylam, foreman of the Orchid department at the old nursery of Messrs. Wm. Rollisson & Sons, at Tooting. It is. said to be much in the way of C. x Dominyi (which was also in bloom in the collection), except that the latter was much paler in colour. C. X Dominyi is called a hybrid of Veitch’s between C. veratrifolia and C. Masuca, and of C. Mylami it is remarked :—‘‘ The parents are no doubt the same, but probably reversed.” And Mr. Day adds :—‘‘It was raised many years ago, but I cannot find any notice of it in any publication in my possession.” From these facts it seems highly probable that C. X Rollissoni and C. X Mylami represent the same hybrid, or at least forms of the same, but it should be added that C. xX Dominyi is different, its. parentage being C. Masuca X furcata, the latter an ally of C. veratrifolia,. but quite distinct. C. x Dominyi was also painted by Mr. Day at the same time, and affords a useful basis for comparison. C. X Mylami has rather broader sepals and petals, which are somewhat darker in colour. The lobes of the lip are distinctly broader, the divisions of the front lobe being nearly twice as broad, and the colour red-purple instead of light purple, while the spur is stouter, in fact slightly clavate, and not distinctly bidentate as in Dominyi. Thus it is rather more like C. Masuca than even C. X Dominyi is, and in each case the white colour of the other parent is obliterated. ORCHIDS FROM MANDERSTON. SEVERAL very beautiful Orchids are sent from the collection of Sir James Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns, N.B., by Mr. Hamilton. Sophro-- cattleya xX Chamberlainiana, represented by a two-flowered inflorescence,. is a really charming thing, in which the characters of Sophronitis grandi- flora and Cattleya Harrisoniana are well combined. The flowers are now 3t inches in diameter, and the colour bright carmine-rose, with a whitish disc, the yellow in this particular form being very little developed. Lelio-cattleya X Mandarin, described at page 270, is represented by a fine THE ORCHID REVIEW. 295: four-flowered inflorescence. Mr. Hamilton now states that Lelia crispa was the seed parent, but the plant is quite like C. granulosa in habit, with the pseudobulbs 12 inches high. The modified shape of the flower,. however, and especially the crisped petals, show the Lelia influence very strongly. The beautiful Cattleya x Chamberlainiana is represented by a five-flowered inflorescence, the flowers having the general shape of C. Leopoldi, and the colour being quite unique. The petals are of an almost indescribable shade of coppery brown, and the sepals rather paler, with a few darker spots on each, while the lip is of a nearly uniform fiery crimson. The influence of C. Dowiana is chiefly seen in the modified shape, but the yellow veining of that species is clearly seen on the infolded side lobes of the lip, radiating from the disc. C. X Germania (C. granulosa Schofieldiana x C. x Hardyana) is another very beautiful thing, having the front lobe of the lip beautifully marbled with bright rosy crimson and white, and the rest of the flower of a fairly uniform shade of bright rose. The flowers are very large, and the petals 12 inches broad. C. X Clytie var. Hilda is a pretty little hybrid combining the characters of C- Bowringiana and C. velutina, the latter being most prominent in shape and the former in colour. One flower is remarkable for having no less than nine sepals and petals—or rather it looks like one flower, because it has a single lip, but closer examination shows the pedicel and column to- be double, though the fusion is complete to the apex, and as the rest of the segments are perfect it looks like a double flower. The remaining hybrid is evidently a form of Lelio-cattleya Xx callistoglossa, though it was purchased as a seedling of different parentage. It has the characteristic shape, and the two eye-like blotches on the richly-coloured lip are well developed. They form a very charming group, and are without exception very finely cultivated. LZLIA BOOTHIANA. Tuts distinct and handsome Lelia has the character of being a shy bloomer, and the following note on the subject by ‘““H. R. R.” appears. in the Journal of Horticulture for September 11th (p. 237) :—One of the most singular Orchids I know as regards culture is Lelia lobata, or Boothiana, as it is sometimes called. Pot it regularly ; treat it well in all respects of heat and moisture, and other cultural details, and as a result it will grow everlastingly, but as for a flower you will never see one. Starve it, by letting it grow over the sides of the pot or basket ; bake it in the summer sun, and be not too particular about its winter treatment, and most likely you will be rewarded by its lovely flowers in plenty. And they are very beautiful in their rich rose and purple tints, refined and delicate, yet making a brave show. 296 THE ORCHID REVIEW. PAPHIOPEDILUM CHARLESWORTHII AND P. SPICERIANUM. Do these two species grow anywhere intermixed? The question was discussed last year in connection with the reputed natural hybrid known as Cypripedium Fred. Hardy (Orch. Rev., ix, pp. 369-371, fig. 52). The conclusion arrived at was that we have as yet no evidence that the two grow intermixed. But the following has an important bearing upon the question. Some time ago some imported P. Charlesworthii were purchased at a Sale at Messrs. Protheroe and Morris’s Rooms for the Kew collection, and in potting up, some of the larger clumps were divided, making some dozen and a half plants altogether. The majority are now in flower, but singularly enough two of them prove to be P. Spicerianum. Without knowing the history of the importation one could not say positively that the plants actually grew intermixed, but at all events the facts are signi- ficant in connection with what has been recorded before. It would be interesting to hear of any other evidence bearing on the question. R. A. ROLFE. LISTROSTACHYS BRACTEOSA. A curious and interesting Mauritian Orchid has just flowered in the Kew collection. It was sent from the Mauritius Botanic Garden, in 1897, by the late Mr. W. Scott, and is apparently identical with Angraecum bracteosum (Balf. f. & S. Moore in Fourn. of Bot., 1876, p. 293) a species collected in Bourbon by Dr. I. B. Balfour during the Transit of Venus Expedition in 1874, and hitherto known only from dried specimens. It has also been described under the name of Saccolabium squamatum (Frapp in Cordemoy Fl. Reunion, p. 195). An examination of the pollinia, however, shows that the plant belongs to neither of these genera, but to Listrostachys, there being a single broad gland, to which the pollinia are separately attached by a pair of short stipes. The pollinia are broad, and nearly triangular, and, apart from their attachment the whole pollinarium strongly recalls Cymbidium. The stem is very short, and bears six oblong arching deaves, six to nine inches long, with unequally lobed apex, and a short axillary raceme of three very fleshy flowers. The ovary is short, very stout {being half as broad as long), and enclosed within a large cucullate roundish oblong bract ; and the segments are very pale yellowish green. The sepals are broadly ovate, acute, keeled, and nine lines long; the petals rather smaller; and the lip consists of ashort broad sac, with a short expanded limb, and an acute somewhat recurved apex. lt was no doubt the latter character that caused it to be referred to Saccolabium, for it looks very different from most other members of the Angraecum group.—R. A. ROLFE- THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207 CATTLEYA x GERMANIA VAR. BURBAGENSIS. THE ANNEXED illustration represents a form of the beautiful Cattleya x Germania (granulosa Schofieldiana x Hardyana), from the collection of Capt. C. C. Hurst, Burbage, Hinckley, which received an Award of Merit from the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society on September rith. It is a seedling from the original batch raised by Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., and it may be added that the original form received an Award Fic. 30. CATTLEYA X GERMANIA BURBAGENSIS. of Merit from the R.H.S. on September toth, 1gor. As will be seen by the figure, the plant has largely retained the character of the seed-parent, which may also be said of the flower, with the single exception of colour, though the shape is also somewhat modified. In colour C. xX Hardyana is altogether dominant, for the sepals and petals of the hybrid are bright rosy purple, and the front lobe of the lip is veined throughout with deep purple-crimson on a pale ground, rendering the flower extremely handsome. As regards structural details nothing further need be said, but, the figure 298 THE ORCHID REVIEW. being much reduced, it should be added that the flowers attain an expanse of nearly six inches, and that the petals are 14 inches broad, the front lobe of the lip being still broader. This plant is now flowering for the first time, and has probably not yet attained its full development. The varietal name was given bythe Manchester Committee, to distinguish it from the one exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth at the previous meeting, but we are unable to say how it differs from the original form. It is certainly a very beautiful hybrid. HISTORY OF ORCHID CULTIVATION. (Continued from page 112.) THE Botanical Register continued to be the medium in which most of the novelties were published, and its pages for 1843 contain several interesting — additions to the ranks of cultivated Orchids. Among them was the remarkable Cycnoches pentadactylon (t. 22), which first flowered with Mr. Veitch, of Exeter, in March of the previous year. Its distinctness from C. maculatum was at first doubted, on account of what was then thought to be the sportive character of the genus, but the appearance of a second: plant, obtained by Messrs. Loddiges from Brazil direct, induced Lindley to admit it asa good species. About this period Cycnoches, and the allied genus Catasetum, were attracting much attention by their supposed sportive tendencies, and at page 77 of the ‘‘Miscellaneous Matter” to this volume we find a figure of a remarkable inflorescence of a species of Cycnoches, from the collection of R. S. Holford, Esq., of Westonbirt, Tetbury, which was described as bearing flowers of “C. ventricosum and C. Egertonianum intermixed” (the italics are Lindley’s). The one previously described and figured by Mr. Bateman (Orch. Mex. and Guat., t. 40) had borne the two kinds on separate inflorescences. Mr. Holford’s plant had been obtained from Messrs. Rollisson, of Tooting, as C. ventricosum, and was exhibited at a meeting of the Horticultural Society. The inflorescence bore five flowers, and Lindley remarked that the lowermost flower was more Egertonianum than ventricosum; the second almost wholly ventri- cosum, but its lip here and there raised into warts; in the next the purple of Egertonianum was displacing the green of C. ventricosum; while in the two remaining flowers the transformation was complete. ‘* With such cases as this” he continued, “all ideas of species and stability of structure in the vegetable kingdom are shaken to their foundation.” Had he known that the two kinds of flowers were the two sexes of a single species, and that the green ones were not C. ventricosum at all, his remarks would have been very different. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 299) Clowesia rosea (Misc., p. 25, and t. 39) was a supposed new genus of the same group, which was dedicated by Lindley to the Rev. John Clowes,. of Broughton Hall, Manchester, ‘‘ a most zealous cultivator of Orchidaceous. plants.” It is a native of Brazil and flowered in Mr. Clowes’ collection, and afterwards with the Duke of Northumberland, at Syon House. It is now known to be a Catasetum. The remarkable Mormodes luxatum was figured at t. 33, from a plant which flowered in the collection of G. Barker, Esq., of Birmingham, in the previous year. It was collected in the neighbourhood of Valladolid,. Mexico, by Mr. Ross, and was described by Lindley as a most extraordinary plant, of large size, of stately habit, with a very delicious fragrance, although powerful; but with no brilliant colours to render it what we call handsome ; the flowers being pale lemon colour, fleshy, rather globular, but so distorted by the complete dislocation of all the parts that it would be difficult to ascertain their real nature, if it were not for the token given by the labellum. . Dendrobium taurinum (t. 28) is a Philippine species which was sent by Cuming to Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, who flowered it in the previous October. It is a stately species belonging to the section Spathulata. D. aqueum (t. 54) also flowered with Messrs. Loddiges in the previous November; D. Ruckeri (t. 60) with S. Rucker, Esq., at Wandsworth, and D. sanguinolentum (t. 6) with the Duke of Northumberland at Syon House. Peristeria Humboldti (t. 18) flowered for the first time in the collection of John Wilmore, Esq., of Oldford, Birmingham, in March, 1842, and received a Silver Medal from the Horticultural Society in the following month. It had been received from Venezuela three years before. Shortly afterwards it was referred to Acineta. Oncidium bicallosum (t. 12) isa handsome Guatemalan species which flowered in the collection of James Bateman, Esq., at Knypersley, and O. bicolor (t. 66) bloomed with Messrs. Loddiges. In the Miscellaneous Matter we find descriptions of the fine Brassia brachiata (p. 4), which flowered with Messrs. Rollisson of Tooting ; Odonto- glossum constrictum (p. 17), from S. Rucker, Esq., and the Rev. J. Clowes ; the fine Lissochilus roseus (p. 25), from S. Rucker, Esq. (it is figured at t. 12 of the succeeding volume); Aérides virens (p. 41), from Messrs. Loddiges; the ivory white Oncidium candidum (p. 56); Masdevallia floribunda (p. 72), from John’ Rogers, Esq., of Sevenoaks; and various other interesting things. The Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1843 contains, at page 503, an account of a Sale of Orchids at Stevens’ Rooms, in which the following prices are mentioned, Barkeria spectabilis, £6; a fine specimen of Cattleya Skinneri, £4; Dendrobium Kingianum, £4 tos.; Epidendrum Stamfordianum, -300 THE ORCHID REVIEW. £4 1os.; Lycaste Skinneri, £4; and several Sobralia macrantha, £6 to £26 5s. each. And among other things we find Robert Fortune ‘describing the beneficial effects of a lower temperature for Orchids, as practised in the Horticultural Society’s Garden, the essentials being a cooler temperature with plenty of moisture. Cymbidium Devonianum was described and figured for the first time in Paxton’s Magazine of Botany for 1843 (t. 97). It was discovered on the Khasia Hills by Gibson, and sent to Chatsworth in 1837, where it flowered in the spring of 1843, and was dedicated to the Duke of Devonshire. ‘Gibson found it growing on the trunks of decayed trees, and in the forks of the branches, where some vegetable matter had collected. Among the striking novelties which appeared in the Botanical Register for 1844 we may first mention Anguloa Clowesii (Misc., p- 26). Lindley remarked :—‘‘ At last a genuine species of the genus Anguloa, which has hitherto puzzled everyone, has made its appearance, in the collection of the Rev. J. Clowes, of Broughton Hall, near Manchester, who obtained it from Linden’s Columbian collections. It is indeed a noble plant. The flowers are four inches in diameter, of a clear lemon yellow, with a pure white lip.” It flowered in March, and in the following month a second species appeared in the collection of G. Barker, Esq., of Birmingham namely the original A. uniflora, which had not hitherto been seen in cultivation. It was figured at t. 60, and A. Clowesii at t. 63, when the history of their introduction is thus given by Lindley :—“ By the enterprise - of a few English gentlemen, who had the spirit to defray the cost of a collector in the rich country once known as the kingdom of New Granada, has one of the greatest botanical puzzles been at last obtained. Mr. Barker’s species was figured in the last number, that before us is from Mr. Clowes, and a third species, with spotted flowers, still undescribed, has blossomed with Mr. Rucker, all of whom were the supporters of Mr. Linden’s expedition.” This third species was A. Ruckeri, which was figured at t. 41 of the volume for 1846. A new Odontoglossum appeared at t. 39, namely O. leve, and it is said that both Mr. Skinner and Mr. Hartweg found this plant abundantly in Guatemala and sent it home to their friends, so that it was by no means rare in collections. The drawing was made in the Horticultural Society’s garden, in May, 1842. Another interesting novelty was Angrzecum pellucidum (t. 2), which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges in the previous November, and of which Lindley remarks :—‘‘ We lament to see how little justice our artists have been able to do to this beautiful plant, whose flowers are as delicate and transparent as if they were flakes of snow fixed by frost in the very act of melting.” | ESHER i LL | Ben a. SS I Pe ete a cea inne 3 ; ae Rae Se he eee THE ORCHID REVIEW. 30r We may also mention Bulbophyllum macranthum (t. 13), a singular plant imported from Singapore by Messrs. Loddiges, who flowered it in March, 1844; Aérides virens (t. 14), a Javan species which flowered with: Messrs. Loddiges in the previous year; Laczena bicolor (t. 50), sent to the Horticultural Society, from Guatemala, by Mr. Hartweg; and Epidendrum verrucosum (t. 51), which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, and afterwards. proved identical with E. nemorale. The Miscellaneous Matter to this volume contains descriptions of Lelia virens (p. 1) a Brazilian species which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges ; Warrea cyanea (p. 2) from the same collection ; Schomburgkia. undulata, a beautiful species sent from La Guayra by Linden, which flowered with Mr. Rucker ; Miltonia cuneata (p. 26), which flowered with Messrs. Rollisson, at Tooting; Lycaste crinita (p. 39), a yellow-flowered species from Messrs. Loddiges; Pilumna laxa (p. 73), which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges; Oncidium spilopterum (p. 75) a handsome species. also from Messrs. Loddiges. Fourof these novelties were figured in the succeeding volume. How extensive was Messrs. Loddiges’ collection at this period may be inferred from a Review of a new edition of their Catalogue which appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1844, in which it was stated that it contained 1916 different kinds, a great increase over the previous edition. The beautiful Lycaste Skinneri was now coming prominently to the front, and Paxton’s Magazine of Botany for 1844 commenced with a plate, from a plant which flowered in the ‘excellent collection of Mrs. Wray, of Oakfield, Cheltenham.” It is remarked:—‘“ The species has been brought to this country in great numbers by G. Ure Skinner, Esq., after whom: Mr. Bateman has named it. Its native place is Guatemala, and Mr. Brewster, the gardener to Mrs. Wray, informs us that Mr. Skinner found it growing on rocky and mossy banks, in very moist places. Mr. Brewster, who has been particularly successful in cultivating it, grows it in an open basket, filled with moss and leaf-mould, in a temperature ranging from: 50° to 70°. No doubt much of its luxuriance is due to the use of leaf- mould; which, as we have before suggested in this Magazine, is likely to prove a valuable medium for many Orchidaceous plants.” And here, in the twentieth century, we are discussing the value of leaf-mould as a compost for Orchids. Truly there is nothing new under the sun. The beautiful Dendrobium Dalhousieanum was also described and’ figured in this volume (p. 145). It had been sent to the Calcutta Botanic Garden, by the Countess of Dalhousie, after whom it was named, and from Calcutta it was sent by Gibson to Chatsworth, where it flowered. It is now known to be the plant previously described by Roxburgh as D. pulchellum. 302 THE ORCHID REVIEW. In 1845 the beautiful Odontoglossum Cervantesii first appeared in cultivation, and was figured in the Botanical Register (t. 36). Lindley remarked :—“‘ Of the beautiful things belonging to the white-lipped section of this genus not one is more perfectly lovely than that which is now figured from a specimen communicated last February from Messrs. Loddiges, who imported it from Oaxaca.” And this is how he recom- mended that it should be cultivated :—“ It should be potted in turfy heath- mould in the same way that Orchidaceous plants generally are. In summer -an ample supply of water should be given, and the temperature kept up to -about 80° by day and about 70° at night. In autumn, as the pseudobulbs become matured, water should gradually be withheld, and for a few weeks in winter little or none will be required, providing the house can be filled with steam for about half an hour every fine day. Although many plants in this Order succeed well on blocks of wood, without any soil whatever, those under pot culture are much _ benefited by having it renewed ‘every season ; this should be done early in spring when the plants begin to grow.” No wonder that the plant quickly disappeared. Chlorza virescens (t. 49) was another interesting introduction, and Lindley remarked :—‘‘ At length we have the satisfaction of producing a figure of one of those beautiful terrestrial Orchids which, under the names -of Pichiguen, Gavilu, Azuzena, Pica de Loro, &c., are most charming ‘ornaments of the subalpine pastures of the Cordillera of Chili. The present, ~which is one of the finest, has been reared by Mr. Cameron, the intelligent -and skilful Curator of the Botanic Garden, Birmingham, by whom it was -exhibited at the last May exhibition, in the garden of the Horticultural Society.” Beautiful as it is, it has rarely if ever been seen in cultivation since. Other interesting plants were: Spathoglottis Fortunei (t. 19), sent ‘from Hongkong by Fortune, and flowered at the Horticultural Society’s -garden; Stanhopea bucephalus (t. 24), sent from Loxa, by Hartweg, and flowered in the same collection ; Schomburgkia tibicinis var. grandiflora (t. 30) from the collection of Robert Hanbury, Esq., Lycaste gigantea. ‘(t. 34), another introduction of Hartweg’s; Cymbidium Mastersii (t. 50), -from Messrs. Loddiges ; Aérides maculosum (t. 58), which flowered with Messrs. Rollisson, at Tooting; and Stanhopea inodora (t. 65) from Messrs. Loddiges. In the Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1845 we find a series of five articles on ‘the Culture of Orchidaceous plants by Mr. T. Appleby, late gardener to T. Brocklehurst, Esq., of The Fence,- Macclesfield, which shows that the ‘writer was thoroughly conversant with every detail of their treatment, as ‘then understood. There is also a rather amusing note by Mr. George ‘Wood, of Rochford, Essex, who remarks (p. 401) :—“‘I have no doubt THE ORCHID REVIEW. 303 many persons, like myself, are anxious to cultivate a few of these beautiful exotics, among a general collection of plants, but the great difficulty appears to be in getting an atmosphere sufficiently moist, without making it too much so for other plants.” He then describes how he had long tried the plan of suspending a bottle against the plant which requires to be kept moist, and inserting a piece of common woollen list, one end being in the bottle and the other hanging over the plant, thus acting as a syphon, and discharging water over the plant drop by drop. It was also added that the supply could be increased or diminished by adding to or reducing the pieces of list. . The most remarkable addition of the year 1846 was Brassavola Digbyana, described and figured in the Botanical Register (t. 53). Lindley remarked :—‘‘ This very singular plant was introduced from Honduras by Mrs. McDonald, and by that lady given to Edward St. Vincent Digby, Esq., with whom it flowered last July, at Minterne, in Dorsetshire. Its huge yellowish white flowers are as sweet as those of Aérides odoratum, and the largest measure nearly three inches in diameter. The neck of the ovary, which is cuniculate in a remarkable degree, is full four inches long.” The Mexican Cypripedium Irapeanum (t. 58) was another remarkable introduction. The plant belonged to Mr. Hugo Finck, but was in the “‘temporary possession of the Horticultural Society,” when it flowered. The genus Ansellia also appeared in cultivation, in the collections of the Rev. John Clowes and of Messrs. Loddiges. The latter exhibited a plant at a meeting of the Horticultural Society in February, which was afterwards figured as A. africana (t. 30), but this plant is now, distinguished from the original A. africana (then only known from dried specimens) as A. confusa. Other interesting plants were—Vanda lissochiloides (t. 59) from the fine collection of James Bateman, Esq., at Biddulph Grange; Cycnoches Egertonianum var. viride (t. 46) from Messrs. Loddiges (now referred to C. Warscewiczii) ; Coelogyne ochracea (t. 69), a charming species from T. Brocklehurst, Esq., The Fence, Macclesfield; Pilumna laxa (t. 57) from the Horticultural Society’s collection, and Sarcochilus Calceolus (t. 149), a Philippine plant sent by Cuming to Messrs. Loddiges, with whom it flowered. One other striking addition of 1846 must be mentioned, namely Odontoglossum hastilabium (Bot. Mag., t. 4272), which first flowered in the Duke of Northumberland’s collection at Syon House in August of that year. The Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1846 contains several interesting items, and among them we find it reported (p. 359) that the fine collection of the late Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, had passed into the possession of = 304 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Mr. Blandy, of Reading, at a price of about £900. Also (p. 676) that the Rev. J. Clowes had willed his collection to the Royal Gardens, Kew, where they were then being taken. Mr. Lyon's slate baskets for Orchids were also figured and described (p. 31) as the “‘ best in the world.” Perhaps the most remarkable addition of 1847 was the beautiful Cymbidium eburneum, which flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, and was figured in the Botanical Register for that year (t. 67). Lindley remarked :— “* The flowers of this charming plant are not only among the largest of the genus, but among the sweetest. Not a spot interferes with the pure ivory white petals, except one long yellow stripe along the middle of the lip.” Eriopsis biloba (t. 18) also appeared in a rather mysterious way. Lindley remarked :—“ The history of its introduction is unknown. It has been flowered by J. T. Blandy, Esq., of Reading, who, in September last, favoured us with a specimen; it had been acquired by him among many rare species forming the late Mr. Barker’s collection, which Mr. Blandy purchased, and is possibly some western plant. We do not, however,’ find any trace of it in books, or among our own unarranged collections.” Other interesting things were :—Brassia brachiata (t. 29), which had flowered with Messrs. Rollisson and Mr. Bateman; Calanthe curculigoides (t. 8), from Messrs. Loddiges; Ccelogyne speciosa (t. 23) from Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter; Saccolabium miniatum (t. 58) from Mr. Rucker, and Mr. C. B. Warner ; Dendrobium chrysotoxum (t. 36) from Messrs. Henderson ; Cattleya bulbosa (t. 42) from Mr. Rucker—which afterwards proved identical with C. Walkeriana, then only known from dried specimens ; Epidendrum ‘plicatum (t. 35) from Messrs. Loddiges; Dendrobium cretaceum (t. 62), and Oncidium curtum (t. 68), from Messrs. Veitch, of Exeter; O. amictum (t. 66) and O. pelicanum (t. 70), from Messrs. Loddiges. We also find notices of Dendrobium Veitchianum (sub. t. 25), Bulbophyllum Lobbii (sub. t. 29), both from Messrs. Veitch, and Odonto- glossum maxillare (sub. t. 62), from Mr. C. B. Warner and others. Thus the volume had been specially interesting, and we find no explanation as to why the work should have suddenly ceased, as it did at the end of the year. It concluded with Oncidium pelicanum. The Gardeners’ Chronicle for 1847 contains (p. 100) a description of a remarkable plant of Lelia superbiens in the Horticultural Society’s garden, about four feet across and bearing nine handsome spikes of ten to thirteen flowers each—certainly a noble specimen. Dendrobium speciosum was also bearing sixteen spikes. We also find an account of a sale of M. J- Linden’s Orchids from Cuba and New Granada, at which good prices were obtained. : 4 # b 4 : : ; B ’ a THE ORCHID REVIEW. 305 CATTLEYA GROSSII AND C. BICOLOR. A VERY interesting Cattleya has again flowered in the establishment of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, Enfield, whose systematic position is somewhat uncertain. It was exhibited at a meeting of the R. H. S. on November 26th, rg01, under the name of Cattleya Grossii, and was recorded in these pages as ‘‘a supposed natural hybrid from Brazil, much resembling C. bicolor, but with a trace of spotting on the petals” (Orch. Rev., ix., p. 367). The plant was originally described and figured by Fic. 31. CATTLEYA BICOLOR. Fics. 32, 33. CATTLEYA GROSSII. Kranzlin, in 1897, as a supposed natural hybrid between C. bicolor and C. guttata (Gartenflora, xlvi., p. 113, t. 1436), and is said to have flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden, St. Petersburg. It was dedicated to Herr C. J. Gross. It had been sent by A. Lietze, of Rio de Janeiro, who in a subsequent note (/.c., p. 359) explains that he collected it during a journey made from that place, and sent it to Dr. Regel, at St. Petersburg; the plants not being in flower when collected. The same thing was described 306 THE ORCHID REVIEW. and figured by Dr. Klinge in the following year, under the name of C. bicolor var. olocheilos (Act. Hort. Petrop., xvil., p. 135, t. 1, fig. 6). It is described as differing from typical C. bicolor in having the perianth segments “ olivaceo-flavo-brunneis,” more or less spotted with purple, the petals spathulate, obtuse, and undulate, and the lip nearly pandurate, somewhat convex, with the front lobe dilated, roundish, and retuse or emarginate. Messrs. Low state that their plants came in a separate importation, and from the neighbourhood of Rio de Janeiro, but the exact locality they do not know. About fifty or sixty plants are in flower, differing somewhat among themselves, but all showing the remarkable dilated front lobe of the lip, a character also seen in plants flowering at Kew and Glasnevin, and quite different from anything seen in the old C. bicolor. It is thus clear that we have a distinct local type to deal with, and not a mere individual variation. As to the idea of the plant being a natural hybrid between C. bicolor and C. guttata (it is even suggested that the latter was the seed parent), there are two facts which tell strongly against it. First, the total absence of side lobes from the lip, and second, the fact that the plants came home separately as an entire importation. The forms at present seen by me vary from 1} to 1} inches in the breadth of the lip, and from coppery brown to dusky olive brown in the colour of the sepals and petals, and both with and without spots. The colour of the lip is almost uniformly deep rose-pink, sometimes with a white spot on the centre of the disc. There isa certain resemblance to C. Leopoldi in the shape, colour, and spotting of the petals, but it extends no further, and the habit of the plant, and absence of side lobes from the lip, prove it to be a near ally of C. bicolor, though I do not regard it as a simple variety of this old species, but rather as a distinct local race or subspecies. The ample dilated front lobe of the lip gives it a very distinct appearance, . and it is far more showy than the old type. We hope to see its, history completely cleared up, and there are several other Brazilian Cattleyas of which further information would be acceptable. Our hybridists might also let us know what a real hybrid between C. bicolor and C. Leopoldi is like. Since the above was written, Mr. I’Anson has taken the photograph which is here produced, showing two forms of C. Grossii (figs. 32, 33)s side by side with one of C. bicolor (fig. 31), which illustrates in a graphic way the differences between them. Besides the broader lip of C. Grossii, it will be seen that the petals are distinctly convex and reflexed at the apex, with stronger undulations than in C. bicolor, and the remarks apply to some extent also to the sepals. The two figures of C. Grossii give some idea of the amount of variation in shape, but not in colour, and the amount of spotting on the petals. : R. A. ROLFE. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 307 SOCIETIES. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. ‘A MEETING of the above Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on September 2nd, when the display of Orchids was rather small, though cf good quality. N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Chapman), sent Cattleya x Cybele Oakwood var. (Lueddemanniana X Gaskelliana), and Cypripedium x vexill-Io. A First-class Certificate was given to “Odontoglossum X Wilckeanum Rothschildianum, one of the finest forms of this beautiful natural hybrid, the flowers being 44 inches in diameter, and having a light yellow ground, heavily blotched with bright red-brown. Lezlio-cattleya x Cooksone (L.-c. x Clive x C. labiata) also received a First-class Certificate. This was a very beautiful hybrid, most like €. labiata in shape, the sepals and petals deep rose-lilac, and the lip deep crimson, suffused with yellow in the centre, and lined with rich purple. W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, near Hull (gr. Mr. Barker), received an Award of Merit for Cattleya Schofieldiana Hessle var., a fine form of €. granulosa with a yellow ground colour and numerous spots. W. B. Latham, Esq., Botanic-Gardens, Birmingham, sent a well-grown plant, of Cypripedium x A. de Lairesse (Curtisii X Rothschildianum), raised by the exhibitor, and fairly intermediate in character, the dorsal sepal being cream white, shading to green at the base, and lined with purple, the petals handsomely spotted, and the lip deep chocolate-brown in front. De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), showed ‘Odontoglossum X Crawshayanum (Hallii x Harryanum), bearing a raceme of two fine flowers. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford. Dorking (gr. Mr. White), sent a three-flowered spike of the fine white Habenaria Susanne. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), exhibited the fine natural hybrid Cattleya x Hardyana (Warscewiczii x Dowiana aurea), bearing three flowers, a very fine form of C. x Dowiana, and a variety of C. Gaskelliana called Pitt’s var., having small and almost pure white flowers. | J. S. Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Bishop’s Waltham (gr. Mr. Kench), sent a plant called Lzlio-cattleya x Wylamiana (L. crispa X C. granulosa) most like the Cattleya parent in general character, and having the lip deeply marked with rich purple. It must be considered as a form of L.-c. x Mandarin, described at page 270. F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. Gilbert), sent some hybrid Cypripediums, together with Laelia x Iona (tenebrosa x Dayana). 308 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Messrs. Stanley, Ashton & Co., Chase Side, Southgate, sent the typical form of Oncidium Forbesii, together with the striking and handsome variety O. F. Bradshawe, the latter obtaining an Award of Merit. It is an albino form, having the whole of the purple markings of the type changed into bright yellow. Mr. E. Kromer, Roraima Nursery, Bandon Hill, Croydon, received a Botanical Certificate for Ancectochilus concinnus, a very handsome species,. having the leaves bronze coloured, with gold markings. The advent of autumn invariably brings an increase in the number of exhibits, and the meeting held on September 23rd produced a most interest- ing and representative display of Orchids. The Hon. W. Rothschild, M.P., Tring (gr. Mr. Hill), staged a fine group consisting largely of Masdevallias and their allies, and was awarded a Silver Flora Medal. The group included Cryptophoranthus Dayanus, Scaphosepalum ochthodes, Physosiphon Loddigesii, Restrepia antennifera,. Pleurothallis macroblepharis, and other interesting species of the genus, Masdevallia macrura, M. maculata superba, M. ignea Stobartiana, M. erythrochete, M. Carderi, M. ionocharis, M. gemmata, M. Estradz, M.. muscosa, M. triaristella, M. nidifica, M. calura, M. nycterina, M. floribunda,. M. X Rushtoni, M. X Measuresiana, M. X Gairiana and other Masdevallias,. the pretty Cattleya x fulvescens and two other hybrid Cattleyas, the: scarlet Ornithidium coccineum, and other plants. J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), was awarded’ a Silver Banksian Medal for an effective group, including Masdevallia Veitchiana, Lycaste leucantha, Lelio-cattleya x Henry Greenwood, L.-c. X Colmanii (C. Dowiana aurea x L.-c. X Arnoldiana), Cattleya Mendelii superba, a fine example of the richly-coloured variety called C. x Hardyana Mr. Jeremiah Colman, good examples of Miltonia Regnellit and its variety citrina and some good varieties of Lelia pumila. Col. Brymer, M.P., Dorchester (gr. Mr. Denny), showed a form of Cypripedium X Umlauftianum (Lawrenceanum xX insigne montanum). F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. Gilbert) exhibited Cattleya Dowiana aurea, C. x Hardyana, and a fine form of Lelio-cattleya. x Schilleriana called Westfield variety. Sir F. Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young) showed. the-charming little Cypripedium x Muriel Hollington. H.T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), showed Sophrocattleya x eximia, the fine Oncidium Lanceanum, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri, a prettily blotched form of O. x Adriane Cypripedium X Thurgoodi, a pretty cream-white bellatulum hybrid densely spotted with purple, and C. x Felicity, a delicately tinted hybrid of uncertain parentage- THE ORCHID REVIEW. 309 Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a group of fine hybrids, including Cattleya x Hardyana, C. X Miss Williams, two pretty light forms of Lzelio-cattleya x Gottoiana, Lelia x Iona, a very fine example of Angrecum Ellisii, Catasetum Bungerothii, and many others. A First-class Certificate was given to Cattleya x Iris Charlesworth’s var. (bicolor X Dowiana aurea), a particularly fine form, having bronze- yellow sepals and petals, and the broad front lobe of the lip dark rose- crimson. An Award of Merit was given to Lycaste x hybrida, a pretty, _ natural hybrid from L. Skinneri and L. Deppei, having cream-white, -densely spotted flowers. Messrs. H. Low and Co., Bush Hill Park, staged a fine group, and were deservedly awarded a Silver Flora Medal. The group included some fine specimens of Dendrobium formosum giganteum, one of them bearing over thirty flowers ; Cattleya Eldorado Wallisii, C. bicolor, C. Gaskelliana alba, €. X Minucia, C. X Mantini, C. X mollis (Gaskelliana x superba), C. x Mrs. J. W. Whiteley, C. x Maroni, and two splendid examples of C. x Hardyana and C. x H. enfieldensis, the latter having light sepals and petals and a ruby purple lip. An Award of Merit was given to Cattleya ‘Grossii, an interesting species which is figured on page 305 of the present issue. ‘Messrs. J. Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged an excellent group, and received a Silver Flora Medal. The group included Lelio-cattleya x Bryan, L.-c. X_ callistoglossa, L.-c. x bletchleyensis, L.-c. x Remula superba (L. tenebrosa X C. Aclandiz), having Indian yellow sepals and petals, and a rich violet-purple lip, the fine L.-c. bella var. langleyensis (L. purpurata x C. labiata), Cattleya x Chloris, C. x Ophir, C. x ‘Clytie, Lelia x splendens, L. x Pacavia (tenebrosa x purpurata), ‘Cypripedium X Madame Truffaut, and many others. M. Ch. Beranek, Rue de Babylone, Paris, showed the curious -Lzlio- cattleya x Lutetia (C. velutina x L.-c. xX elegans Turneri), having rather narrow buff-coloured sepals and petals veined with purple, and the front lobe of the lip darker purple. Mr, J. Cypher, Queen’s Road, Cheltenham, exhibited some good forms of Odontoglossum crispum, Cypripedium niveum, C x Vipani, the striking ‘C. Charlesworthii marginatum, in which the base and margin of the ‘dorsal sepal are tinged with rose, and the centre much paler, Cattleya xX Mantinii inversa, and Lelia pumila Cypher’s variety, a beautiful white flower with some crimson markings on the lip. Mr. E. Kromer, Bandon Hill, Croydon, showed Epidendrum floribundum, bearing a panicle of green and white flowers. M. A. A. Peeters, St. Gilles, Brussels, showed Miltonia x Peetersiana, Lzlio-cattleya x Andreana Peeters’ variety, and “‘ Cattleya aurea Memoria 310 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Queen Marie Henriette,” having cream white sepals and petals, and a purple lip with some yellow veining at the base. Messrs.. Sander and Sons, St. Albans, staged a group of Orchids. containing Cattleya Sir Redvers Buller, Cattleya x Mantinii, Gc. x Iris, C. X Chamberlainiana, G: x weedoniensis Kubelik (granulosa x Mendelii), eG: x Bowringiano- superba, with dark rose- purple Owers ; C. x Mrs. Herbert Greaves, evidently derived from C. Loddigesii and C. Gaskelliana ; four handsome plants of C. X Mrs. J. W. Whiteley, one of the variety suy erba having a specially broad lip witha good deal of orange colour in it, Lelio-cattleya X prestans- bicolor, L. C. x La France (tenebrosa Xx bicolor), L. a oa 4 Haroldiana, L.-c. x Gottoiana suay Brassolaelia x Helen, a plant of ( Oncidium Lanceanum with a panic e of twenty very fine flowers; O. ornithorrhynchum album, and Odontoglossum crispum Trianz roseum. Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, containing the fine Cypri edium x I’Ansoni magnificum, C. Xx Marshallianum, Oncidium Forbesii, | . ornithorrhynchum, and O. oO. album, some good varieties of Cattleya labiata, C. x Mantinii 342 THE ORCHID REVIEW. nobilior, C. Dowiana aurea, the blush-white Lzlia pumila Low’s variety, and a beautifully-spotted form of Lycaste x hybrida called Low’s variety. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, also received a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group, containing Lzlio-cattleya x mollis (Mossiz X Boothiana), L.-c. x Gottoiana, L.-c. x Bowringiano-Clive, L.-c. xX Cassiope, L.-c. X luminosa, L.-c. x Berthe Fournier, Lelia x Euterpe, varieties of L. pumila, Cattleya x Mantinii, C. x Maroni, two fine examples of Vanda ccerulea, Dendrobium Phalznopsis hololeucum, Cypri- pedium X Niobe, C. xX Nellie (tonsum x Charlesworthii), C. x Transvaal (Chamberlainianum x Rothschildianum), fairly intermediate in character, and C. Charlesworthii virginale. Mr. J. Douglas, Edenside, Great Bookham, showed Lelio-cattleya x Gottoiana Edenside var., a large and handsome form. Mr. H. A. Tracy, Twickenham, exhibited Lzlio-cattleya x Proserpine (L. Dayana x C. velutina). Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, showed Cypripedium x Goweri magnificum, and a very good example of Lelio-cattleya xX Henry Greenwood. Messrs. John Peed & Sons, West Norwood, staged a small group, con- taining a few good examples of Cattleya labiata, Cypripedium tonsum, C. x Leeanum, and a few others. A Vote of Thanks was accorded. : MANCHESTER AND NorTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. A MEETING of this Society was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on October 2nd, when a number of fine Orchids were shown. S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Cypher), received a First- class Certificate for Cattleya x Iris, a most beautiful hybrid, in which the. characters of C. bicolor and C. Dowiana are combined. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a handsome group of Dendrobiums, hybrid Cypripedes, and well flowered plants of Cattleya Loddigesii, a Silver Medal being awarded. T. Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), received a Bronze Banksian Medal for a good group of Orchids, including a hybrid Cypripe- dium, said to have been derived from C. x Numa and C. Lawrenceanum. C. Parker, Esq., Ashton-on-Ribble, received an Award of Merit for Cypripedium x purum (callosum x superbiens). H. Shaw, Esq., West Kirby (gr. Mr. Cliffe), exhibited a good plant of Dendrobium Calceolaria, which gained an Award of Merit. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, staged a selection of choice Orchids. Brassolelia x Veitchii (L. purpurata x Brassovola Digbyana) received a First-class Certificate, and Awards of Merit were given to Leelio-cattleya x Violetta (L. purpurata x C. x Gaskelliana), THE ORCHID REVIEW. 343 L.-c. X Gottoiana, a home-raised example, and Cypripedium x Princess- Mr. A. J. Keeling, Bingley, received an Award of Merit for Cypripedium xX Gracee (niveum X Boxallii). The Stone Orchid Co. (gr. Mr. F. Stevens), received an Award of Merit for a good variety of Odontoglossum crispum. AT the meeting held on October 17th, a number of fine Orchids were again staged. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a fine group, which gained a Silver Medal. It contained the chaste Dendrobium Phalzenopsis hololeucum, and some fine coloured forms, D. formosum giganteum, a fine form of Lelia Perrinii, L. pumila, the handsome Cattleya x Mantinii nobilior, and some good forms of C. labiata. S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Cypher), received First-class Certificates for Cypripedium X Mary Amelia (x Lord Derby x bellatulum), and C. X Miss Balfour (x Chapmanii xX William Lloyd), two handsome hybrids, and an Award of Merit for Dendrobium Phalenopsis rubescens, an exceptionally dark form. T. Baxter, Esq., Morecambe (gr. Mr. Roberts), received a First-class Certificate for Odontoglossum crispum Poultoni, a handsome form spotted with pale lilac. A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden, received an Award of Merit for oe x microchilum, Vine House var., having the lip larger than usual. Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, staged a good group, containing some fine Dendrobiums, together with hybrid Cattleyas and Cypripediums, a Bronze Medal being awarded. Mr. W. Holmes, Timperley, received an Award of Merit for a pretty hybrid Cymbidium (C. Mastersii @ x giganteum 3), called C. xX Holmesii, which must rank as a variety of C. X Mantinii. Mr. W. B. Upjohn, Worsley, exhibited a well-grown plant of Cypripedium x conspicuum. MAXILLARIA MACRURA. IT is interesting to be able to record the re-appearance of another Reichen- bachian species which had been quite lost sight of. There is a fine Venezuelan Maxillaria in cultivation which was sent home by Bungeroth, and which, failing to identify with any known species, I described as M. longisepala (Gard. Chron., 1890, viii, p. 94; Lindenia, vi, t. 248). A plant of it has just flowered at Glasnevin, together with one which Mr. F. W. Moore states was named for him by Reichenbach, many years ago, as 344 THE ORCHID REVIEW. M. macrura ; and a comparison of the two leads him to think that they are forms of the same species. On searching the records, I find that M. macrura was described by Reichenbach in 1877 (Linnea, xli, p. 28), from a plant which flowered in the Hamburg Botanic Garden. It is described as a native of Merida, where it was collected both by Moritz and Wagener. It issaid to belong to the group of M. lepidota and M. longissima, and to have the sepals and petals brown, and very pellucid, and the lip yellowish white, with a few red-purple longitudinal stripes. The two evidently belong to the same species, and it is very satisfactory to be able to clear the matter up. The same plant has since been obtained by a collector of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, on the. Sierra Nevada, at 8000 feet elevation above sea level. R. A. RoLFe. CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER. By JOHN Mackay, The Gardens, Highbury, Birmingham. ALL departments will now require warmth from the hot water pipes, and the aim must be to keep the temperatures as steady and regular as possible. For the proper winter temperatures a few degrees lower than those mentioned in last month’s Calendar will suffice in very severe weather, otherwise those previously stated should be adhered to. It may also be pointed out how great is the advantage derived from using the lath blinds as a means of maintaining the proper degree of warmth without the necessity of using so much fire-heat. Where tHis can be done the conditions will be found more favourable.to the plants, besides minimising the cost of fuel, &c. : THE RESTING OF OrcHIDs.—A few words on this important item will doubtless be found useful at the present time. In the first place it is safe to infer that all pseudobulbous Orchids require a rest at some period of the year, in order to bring about the maturity in their growths, and also that they may recuperate after flowering, so that they will thus be ready for another growing season. To do this properly requires as careful con- sideration and attention as does the growing, period. Therefore when rest is implied it does not mean that absolute drought should be resorted to for long or short periods, but that the chief points to be remembered are little or no water, a lowering of the temperature, less ‘moisture in the atmosphere, and last, but not least, more light where this can be obtained. It is easy to give either too much water or too little during the winter months, but very difficult to say when or how often to water, for the conditions of the weather and circumstances of each plant differ so much. The aim should be to give enough to keep the plant in plump condition ; THE ORCHID REVIEW. 345 shrivelling of the pseudobulbs may be all right in some few cases, but excessive shrivelling must at all times be avoided. In varied and mixed collections it is often a difficult matter to give each individual plant an ideal position, but this may oftea be overcome by placing the various species by themselves, thus giving each section a position suitable for its requirements” in the way of light and warmth. In order to facilitate the wintering of Orchids we will divide them into three groups. Firstly, we will take the deciduous ones, amongst which will be found the following :—Thunias, Mormodes, Cycnoches, Catasetums, Chysis, Anguloas, Cyrtopodiums, Calanthes (deciduous) and many others, particularly those having large and succulent pseudobulbs. These are all more or less capable of withstanding drought from now onward until new growth appears at some time in the spring; they may therefore occupy the driest and lightest positions in their respective compartments, and receive practically no water throughout the winter other than what is required to keep them from shrivelling to excess, and then only a slight surface watering is necessary. Never on any account saturate the whole compost. Secondly, may be included the other pseudobulbous species as, for instance, Cattleyas, Lelias, Odontoglossums, Coelogynes, Oncidiums, Epidendrums, Lycastes, Maxillarias, Stanhopeas, &c. These will not withstand so much drought asthe former kinds, but should be given a fairly dry treatment. Thirdly, we have those species which are growing more or less all the year, and have no marked season of inactivity ; some of these have pseudobulbs, such as Zygopetalums, Miltonias, Cymbidiums, Cochliodas, and various species from other genera, such as Lelia purpurata, Odontoglossum crispum, &c., together with a great number of those having no pseudo- bulbs, such as Cypripediums, Saccolabiums, Vandas, Sobralias, Phalzenopsis, Phaiuses, Masdevallias, Angrecums, and Aérides. These should not be allowed to become too dry at the root, but, on the other hand, should not be too freely watered—just enough to keep them plump and ina healthy condition is needed ee the winter, and for this very little will suffice. The knowledge of giving water at the right time to any particular plant, in order to keep it healthy and in a sound condition, is only acquired by practical experience ; also the application of the same is important. Some require to be partially submerged, others completely so. Some. should have the surface slightly moistened, and some the base of receptacle dipped only. Thus it is no easy task to lay down any strict rule except for general guidance. HousE CLEANING.—We bave approached the time of year when light is essential to aid the maturing of Orchids, and so that this may be carried out, all glass, inside and out, should now be washed. The stages and all 346 THE ORCHID REVIEW. other woodwork should be cleaned thoroughly, not forgetting the pots and plants themselves. When rearranging the plants give each a suitable position in accordance with the aforesaid remarks, not forgetting the requirements of those plants still in active growth, giving them as favourable a position as possible. Pleione lagenaria and P. maculata as they pass out of flower should be re-panned in fresh compost, kept moist, and given a position in the Intermediate house near the glass, where they will start gently to grow. It is not really necessary to repot annually if the compost appears to be ina ~ satisfactory state of preservation, then a fresh top dressing will be amply sufficient. Dendrobium Phalznopsis, D. P. Statterianum and D. bigibbum as they pass out of flower will require but little water until growth recom- mences in the spring. Place them in the lightest position available in the Warm house. D. formosum giganteum will also need less water, and the supply may be gradually decreased, giving practically none -during the winter, and they should be given slightly cooler quarters than the former. Cattleya labiata and C. Bowringiana are now in their beauty, and they are invaluable for this time of year. After blooming a moderate rest is essential, with no root disturbance for repotting purposes until early spring. These remarks will apply also to the beautiful C. Dowiana, now blooming. Avoid keeping these autumn-flowering Cattleyas in a damp position after blooming, or this may often affect them, and the newly- formed pseudobulb and leaf be lost. Remove the old flower sheath so that no moisture may lodge therein. Neglect of this detail may often lead to decay and ultimate disaster. Bie Maxillaria grandiflora and M. venusta are now sending up their flowers. They are lovely old species, and when grown well produce a large quantity ot flowers, which last in perfection for a long time. A position in the Intermediate house suits them well, providing they are not unduly disturbed at the roots. CyPRIPEDIUMS.—A large quantity of showy species and hybrids are now in flower, and these go to make a striking show by themselves ; far more so than when staged with other showy Orchids, such as Cattleyas, &c. The majority of them are easily cultivated, many preferring intermediate temperature, whilst others prefer a position in the Warmest house. A suitable time to pot them is after flowering, and I know nothing better than leaf soil for a compost, using about an inch of crocks for drainage, and giving a good surface of sphagnum moss—about half an inch. Thrip is one of the worst pests to contend with, but may easily be kept within bounds with watchfulness and a careful application with XL All fumigators- ath piles THE ORCHID REVIEW. 347 CHONDROBOLLEA x FRCBELIANA. In June, 1901, a flower of a very curious Orchid was sent to Kew for determination, through Mr. J. O’Brien, by M. Otto Freebel, of Zurich, with the suggestion that it might be a natural hybrid between Bollea ceelestis and Chondrorhyncha Chestertoni. It had been produced by a plant introduced by Mr. F. C. Lehmann, in the summer of 1898, with other examples of the last-named Orchid, but had not previously bloomed. The flower had the crest of the lip as in Bollea ccelestis, but the column only half as broad, and the segments much narrower and quite different in colour, being yellowish white, tinged with lilac-purple; the front of the lip purple, the crest yellow with about thirteen to fifteen keels; and the column lilac, with a yellow area at the base spotted with brown. There was no trace of the remarkable fringed lip of the Chondrorhyncha, and I at first suggested that it seemed intermediate between Bollea and some species of Warscewiczella, and asked what other plants came home in the same importation. A week later M. Froebel sent a second flower, much darker in colour, and remarked :—‘‘ The plant looks like Chondrorhyncha ; the leaves are similar, and I was exceedingly astonished at seeing a flower which I had never seen before. I do not know if other plants will prove the same, but many of the plants introduced in 1898 have not yet flowered ; for instance many introduced plants of Bollea ccelestis.” Further com- parison seemed to confirm the suggestion that it was a hybrid between the species of Bollea and Chondrorhyncha named, for the much attenuated sepals and petals were more like the latter than Warscewiczella, and other characters were in agreement with what was known of the history of the plant. There remained a slight doubt, however, and the above name was not placed on record, in the hope that further materials would clear the matter up. A year later Mr. J. O’Brien drew attention to the plant (Gard. Chron., 1902, Xxxii, p. 150), as follows :—‘‘ A very singular supposed natural hybrid between Bollea ccelestis and Chondrorhyncha Chestertoni, a totally different species with yellow flowers and fringed labellum. The hybrid seems to show traces of both the reputed parents, and is intermediate in colour, its livid blue showing traces of yellow in parts.” M.Cogniaux now describes it under the name of Bolleo-Chondrorhyncha x Froebeliana (Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxii, p. 243; Chron. Orch., p. 363). With the preceding, M. Froebel sent another singular plant, which he suggested might be a natural hybrid between Bollea ccelestis and Pescatorea Klabochorum. A plant with this parentage has already appeared, and was named Pescatorea X bella by Reichenbach, though the name PEscaTo- BOLLEA X BELLA, now proposed for it, is more in consonance with its 348 THE ORCHID REVIEW. origin. Its history was given at pp. 45, 68 of our eighth volume. That, however, has broad obtuse sepals and petals, while in the plant from M. Freebel these organs are strongly acuminate, and I have a suspicion that it may be another form of the hybrid above named. The sepals and petals are twice as broad as in that, and the colour dark violet-purple—in fact while the former might be roughly described as three-fourths Chondro- rhyncha in shape, and nearly as much in colour, the latter might be called three-fourths Bollea in both characters. If both are forms of the same hybrid other individuals may be expected to appear which are more nearly intermediate in character. The point cannot be settled without further materials, but it is certain that we have an interesting case under consideration. R. A. ROLFE. CULTURE OF ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM. AT the R.H.S. meeting held on October 7th, a Silver Flora Medal and a Cultural Commendation was given to W. C. Walker, Esq., Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg), fora group of twenty-five finely-grown examples of Odontoglossum crispum, the bulbs, leaves, and flower-spikes all being in excellent condition. The method of culture adopted by Mr. Cragg is as follows :—A single crock is placed at the bottom of the pot, and above this is placed bracken rhizomes from the peat until the pot is one-third full- The plant is then placed in the pot, and loosely packed in with rough peat, above which is placed a layer of sphagnum moss from one to two inches deep. In other respects the usual treatment is given. ORCHIDS IN SEASON. A MAGNIFICENT form of Lzlio-cattleya x bletchleyensis is sent by M. Ch. Vuylsteke, Loochristi, Ghent, being excellent in shape, very rich in colour, and the petals attaining a length of over 4 inches by 2} inches broad. It is a noble example of what must be considered the finest of the Lelia tenebrosa hybrids. The richness of colour is no doubt largely due to the influence of Cattleya Warscewiczii, the other parent. A superb form of Cattleya x Fabia (labiata x Dowiana) is also sent from the same collection, having mauve-purple sepals and petals, and a rich crimson-purple lip, with a large amount of the golden veining of C. Dowiana in the throat. A very fine form of Lzlio-cattleya x Hermione is sent from the collec- tion of Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr- Young. It combines the characters of Lelia Perrinii and Cattleya Lueddemanniana in a very effective way, and the ample petals of the latter THE ORCHID REVIEW. 349 have had a marked influence on the corresponding organs of the hybrid. Their colour is bright rose-purple, and the lip whitish with a very deep purple apex. Another very fine Lzlio-cattleya is sent from the same collection, which has the record of being derived from Lelio-cattleya x Gottoiana and Lelia tenebrosa, but Mr. Young remarks that he sees no evidence of the double influence of the latter. Nor do we. Indeed the increased breadth of the segments, the shape of the pollinia, and the presence of a pair of light yellow eye-like blotches in the throat, suggest a cross between the first- named and Cattleya Warscewiczii. We hope to see the matter cleared up. A flower of the handsome Paphiopedilum xX Mabeliz var. Corona, to which a First-class Certificate was awarded by the Manchester Orchid Society on September 11th, is sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers. It is indeed a superb form, in which the characters of P. superbiens and P. Rothschildianum are combined in the most effective way. The handsomely spotted petals measure an inch across at the broadest part. A two-flowered infloresence of another fine Paphiopedilum is also sent from the same collection. It is said to be an unnamed seedling, and, unless it is another form of P. X Mabeliz, we think it may be a form of the one known as A. de Lairesse (P. Curtisii x Rothschildianum). It chiefly differs from the preceding in having the dorsal sepal rather more closely lined, and the petals rather narrower, more closely undulate, and the spots smaller and more numerous. The hybrids of this group are very beautiful. A third flower sent is Paphiopedilum xX triumphans, in which the characters of P. X nitens Hyeanum and P. X cenanthum superbum are combined. It is one of the best of its group, being excellent in form, very richly coloured, and of good constitution. An interesting and beautiful series showing the Orchids in flower at the present season is sent from the collection of E. J. Lovell, Esq., Oakhurst, Oxted, Surrey, by Mr. Jones. They include examples of Cattleya Bowringiana, C. Loddigesii, a good C. Dowiana chrysotoxa having the lip regularly veined throughout with deep buff yellow and purple, and the sepals and petals light yellow throughout with only a trace of purple marbling, the fine old Oncidium tigrinum, a graceful inflorescence of O. flexuosum with numerous yellow flowers, a good O. Forbesii, and a far larger example of O. Forbesii superbum, the fine old Zygopetalum intermedium, Odontoglossum crispum, a good dark Paphiopedilum xX Allanianum, said to be the reverse cross of the original form, P. xX polystigmaticum, and the distinct little P. venustum, the whole forming a very pretty little group. ; 350 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Two beautiful flowers of Dendrobium Phalznopsis are sent from the collection of Lord Pirbright, Henley Park, Guildford, by Mr. Repton. The first is a large, light-coloured, but otherwise fairly typical form, with the petals over 14 inches broad, and the other, called variety Pearl, is rather smaller, and blush white, with light purple veining on the disc and side lobes of the lip. It is a very charming variety, and the plant is said to be small and weak at present. A richly-coloured form of Cymbidium giganteum is sent by M. Fl. ‘Claes, Etterbeek, Brussels. An inflorescence of the charming Dendrobium Phalznopsis hololeacum as sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers. It is a true albino, being pure white throughout, with only a tinge of pale sulphur on the disc. One inflorescence produced by the plant had nine flowers. Inflorescences of D. formosum and D. ft giganteum are also sent, the latter being a massive form with petals two inches broad. This is now flowering for the fifth consecutive year in the collection, and the species is said to have been again very fine this season. NOTES. Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, during November, on the 4th and 18th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold a meeting on Thursday, November 6th. The Committee meets at 11.30 a.m., and the exhibits are open to inspection from 12.30 to 3 p.m. The September number of Messrs Cogniaux and Goossens’ Dictionnaire Iconographique des Orchidées contains figures of Coelogyne lactea, Cypripedium Ashburtoniz var. Bartetii, Dendrobium Jerdonianum, Epidendrum arachnoglossum var. candidum, E. Endresii, Lzlio-cattleya x highburiensis var. Fournieri, L.-c x Truffautiana, L.-c. x Lucasiana, Maxillaria venusta, Miltonia Endresii, Ornithidium densum, O. fragrans, and Restrepia antennifera. The last-named, however, though usually cultivated under this name, is now known ‘to be different from Kuntih’s original R. antennifera, and should bear the name of R. maculata, Lindl. Accompanying this part is a list of the species, varieties, and hybrids which have been figured in the first five series of the work, ‘‘ in the order in which they should be arranged.” This list is partly in alphabetical and L'HE ORCHID REVIEW. 351 partly in numerical sequence, and the numbers which were used for the Species are repeated again for the hybrids, making the arrangement rather complex. For convenience of reference we prefer an alphabetical arrange- ment, and those who have adopted this system may possibly think it better to retain it. | A remarkable twin flower of Odontoglossum grande is sent from the collection of Thos. D. Syers, Esq., Holmleigh, Huyton, near Liverpool. The fusion is less complete than usual, the columns and lips being quite distinct, though the latter are somewhat displaced. There are also four normal petals and two dorsal sepals, but the lateral sepals are dis- organized, there being three instead of four. It occurs at the apex of the spike, and the two other flowers are normal. It is a good, brightly- coloured form, and was purchased about a year ago. The hybrid described at page 317 as Lelio-cattleya xX Ascania should have been called Hon. Mrs. Astor (Gaskelliana x xanthina). L.-c. X Ascania was derived from L. xanthina x C. Triane. The mistake arose through a slip of the memory. CYMBIDIUM x GAMMIEANUM, It is interesting to note that another plant of Cymbidium X Gammieanum has appeared. A few Cymbidiums were obtained for the Kew collection from Dr. Martin, of Ealing, who it is believed had obtained them from a relative in Sikkim. Two on flowering proved to be C. longifolium, but a third, supposed to be C. elegans, proves to be the above named natural hybrid. It is most like C. elegans in habit, but the inflorescence is more lax, and bears twenty-one flowers, which are rather larger, the segments rather more spreading, and the lip prettily spotted with brown, C. longifolium is the other parent. The history of this interesting natural hybrid has already been given (vol. viii, p. 107). R. A. ROLFE. ORCHID PORTRAITS. CaTTLEYA X Ir1s.—Gard. Mag., 1902, 639, 651, with fig. C. MENDELU (in leaf-mould).—Garden, 1902, Ixii, p. 289, with fig. CYPRIPEDIUM X Mrs. F. Harpy.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xlv, p. 305, with fig. CyRTOPODIUM PUNCTATUM, Lindl.—Cartenflora, 1902, pp. 505-597, t. 1503, fig. 107, 108. EPIDENDRUM X Cuco.—Amer. Gard., xxiii, p. 670, fig. 138. 352 THE ORCHID REVIEW. L24LIA GRANDIS VAR. TENEBROSA SUBVAR. RAYON D’oR.—Lindenia, t._ 790. SUBVAR. SUPERBIENS.—Lindenia, t. 786. These are forms of Lelia tenebrosa, a species quite distinct from L. grandis. L#LIO-CATTLEYA X ADOLPHUS SUPERBA.—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 666, with fig. L.-c. X CooKsoni&.—Journ. Hort., 1902, xlv, p. 375, with fig. MASDEVALLIA SCHREDERIANA, Sander.—Bot. Mag., t. 7859. MAXILLARIA SCURRILIS.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxli, pp. 243, 245, fig. 82, 83. ODONTOGLOSSUM X ADRIAN VAR. TIGRINUM.—Lindenia, t. 791. O. CRISPUM VAR. LUCIANI.—Garden, 1902, xii, p. 253, with fig. VAR. PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT.—Lindenia, t. 787. VAR. PRINCE ALBERT.—Lin- dena, t. 789. VAR. REINE EMMa.—Lindenia, t. 785. O. X LOOCHRISTIENSE VAR. ETOILE DE MoorTEBEEK.—Lindenia, t. 792. OQ. X WILCKEANUM VAR. TE, Seo Hort., 1902, xlv, Pp- 351, with fig. PHALENOPSIS AMABILIS VAR. ey SE Se Ganelake Je) Chron., 1902, XXXll, p. 306, with Suppl. fig. SOPHROLELIA X HEATONENSIS.—Gard. Mag., 1902, pp. 694, 698, with fig; fourn. Hort., 1902, xlv, p. 397, with fig. _ TRICHOPILIA SUAVIS VAR. CANDIDA.—Lindenia, t. 788. CORRESPONDENCE. (Correspondents not chorea ios may find replies to cogs queries on other Figg i and in some cases, for various reasons, they may have to sta ony th for uture 7tSsue, he case of hybrid seedlings sent for name, the jae a te and hist hould idiaiys be briefly shou oe without these details we are not always able to deal with them ial esiersntrs 7 W.H. Odontoglossum gloriosum; a small dark form. Cymbidium Xx Mantinil next month. ; F.C. Cymbidium giganteum. ete received, with thanks. F.C., G.I’A., W.H., G.G.W. r to enquiries respecting a Frontispiece 5 the present volume, we may say that a selectioti will be made from the subjects ami not later than the middle of the month. Recered tay BY EC Some important evieece respecting the culture of Orchids in leaf-mould, and a few other saatiers: are wenriied! held over till next month. e have received from Mr. A. Maples, Endcliffe Edge, seni a fine eh oA Orchid’ Feat It is Pegs in quality, consisting of brown fibre in rmixed wi ‘th bracken rhizomes, and is suitable either for using in the ondinaty way; ot for mix! ing "i Me Siomtgry vocid to form the new | cbaeapeist r which is proving so successful. Particulars are ats Vv nt. It . - be seen that Mr. Whiffen, late gardener to J. Bradshaw, Esq. is seeking an engagem : MURRAY’S PATENT ORCHID STAND. destructive the fungoid growth arising from stagnant air. Facilitates the easy distribution of water and air around the plants. Effectually ‘prevents Isolates each plant and renders it less liable to be attacked by insect pests. Is the first clean, effectual, and practically indestructible article ever offered for the purpose cf the necessary raising of the plants above the staging to ensure a free circulation of air. Invented and patented by William Murray, late Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam. Price List containing full information om The United Wire Works, Ltod., TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS! A. J. KEELING, Orchid Grower, Cottingley, Bingley, Yorks, For all the Choicest and most Popular Varieties. New & Rare Cypripediums & Dendrobiums my speciality Please write for General Catalogue, post free on application. Commissions undertaken for the *hegnor n — Sale and Purchase of Orchids, bo th © ollections, ar nd rare and choice H. A. BURBERRY’S system of personally Giving Ad- vice and Demonstrating Methods of Orchid Cultivation insures suc- cess and satisfaction. One gentleman says: “I consider your visit has been worth {100 to me.” All desirous of having the benefit of his long experience in matters affecting the welfare of their Orchids, should pepe with him, and he will to wait on them when in the vicinity, at a very small fee. B. attends Orchid Sales, and will be pleased to receive com- missions to buy for those who cannot attend. Appress: Ethel House, King’s Heath, BIRMINGHAM, SANDERS ORCHID GUIDE CONTAINING ALL THE BEST KNOWN SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION. Their native ee Peony ions of the plan flowers, season of flowering, best method of cultiva- tion, temperatures, watering, potting, ventilation, &e. Concise, reliable, instructive & useful, together. with NAMES and Eons Gh: of all the KNOWN BRID ORCHIDS, Arranged in tabular, alphabetical form so that all Hybrids derived = om each species or hybrid may be ascertained at a gla O pages, Decals bound. Indispensable alike to Amateur & Expest. Price 10s. 6d. SANDER © SONS, ST. ALBANS. ORCHIDS: Those especially who contemplate forming a Collection would profit by consulting STANLEY, ASHTON & Go. SOUTHGATE, LONDON, N., whose advice and plants would be found equally good. ORCHIDS. Special Offer to Clear. Cattleya Harrisoniz, 3 to 5 bulbs, Oncidium Forbesii, extra fine, ae tee Juteopurpureum, Lelia prest 21/- a + per doz, ? 36/- ,, nd 24/]- - HOULBY BROS, $mporters and Grow BITTERNE PA RK, SOU THA a TON. THE AMATEUR ORCHID CULTIVATOR’S GUIDE BOOK, H. A. BURBERRY, F-.R.H.S5. An excellent practical treatise on eg Culture, with. four coloure tes, contain ing 40 species, and numerous photo-illustrations. Third Edition. In cloth, price 5/6, post free “QRCHID REVIEW” OFFICE. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM, Choice of Fine Varieties. Selected O. crispum, with large and round flowers for Exhibition purposes. Fi.. GC LA E a Cha ert cb Avenue. d'Auderghem), ETTERBEEK, BRUSSELS. IMPORTER and GROWER, maps, GARDENER, HEAD, OR ORCHID GROWER. (TWENTY YEARS EXPERIENCE), Seven years as Head and Orchid Grower to J. Brapsuaw, Esq., The Grange, South- gate. Married. H. WHIFFEN, 11 Lynton Terrace, Chelmsford Road, SOUTHGATE, N. ORCHID PEAT. FINEST QUALITY IN ENGLAND. 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ORCHIDS! ORCHIDS QUANTITY IMMENSE. Inspection of our New — Range of Houses IS CORDIALLY INVITED BY HUGH LOW & 60,, BUSH HILL PARK, Mi Db Dd, es 0 RCHIDS. Clean, healthy, well-grown plants at reasonable rices ; many large specimens and rare varieties. CHOICE DENDROBES A SPECIALITY. Please write for List. JAMES CYPHER, EXOTIC NURSERIES, CHELTENHAM. “ORCHIDS! 0 ! ORCHIDS !! Just RECEIVED A GRAND IMPORTATION OF VANDA CC@RULEA, And other EAST INDIAN ORCHIDS. PRICES, WITH SAMPLES, ON APPLICATION, J. W. MOORE, LTD., Orchid Importers, RAWDON, near LEEDS. J. WEEKS & €CO.; Lite: borticultural Builders To Her ‘asktan W.R.H. the Prince of Walesa, M. Go mment, Admiralty Dept., War gen Hort. Soc., Royal Botanic Soc. Parks and Public Buildings. Dept., TevcecraPpH, “HORTULANUS,” Lonoon. TeLlerHone, No Patentees of the Duplex Upright Tubular Boilers, KING’S ROAD, CHELSEA, S.W. MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND Orchid Society. HrapQuarRTERS: THE COAL EXCHANGE, MARKET PLACE, MANCHESTER. The next MEETING of the COMMITTEE Open to Members from 12-30 to 3 0’cloc P, WEATHERS, Hon Botanical nips Manchester. ORCHID HOUSES © A SPECIALITY. Orchid Houses, — Ferneries, ay Cucumber and | Melon Houses, | Vineries, etc. aed at CRISPIN’S, BRISTOL. — FOR All Classes of Hot Water Boilers and Heating Apparatus. = Printed by R. W. Simpson & Co., Ltd., Richmond Press, Sheen Road, Richmond, Surrey Subscriptions for 1902 have expired. — Vot. ‘X.] DECEMBER, 1902. 2 No. “120. peees ORCHID REVIEW: Zn Fllustrated Monthly Journal, DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY. Contents, PAGE PAGE Calendar of Operationsfor December ... 370 Orchids in season ta : ee ts FE Cattleya x a var. Pear ogee Fig 3) + 369 | Orchids from Westonbirt ote 350 Corresponden vee 976" Papa ns hae part Chars orthii and P. Cymbidium x Manta (Fig 37). Piel i) Spice we ae BOO Dies Orchidian 353 etree ‘Olid ivodlossiuie ey +04 1355 Miltonia veemieae “Empress Augusta Societie 62 Victoria Givcnauacaee i 357 Manchester and North of £E ngland otes “oe ae SA Orchid sey 7 Odontoglossum seedlings... BS Manas Royal Horticultural awe Soe Orchid Portraits .. ye eee ... 376 | To our Reader at Beer A Orchids at Clare “Lawn: “i * teas *,* Frontispiece, Title-page and Index. E@ SEE SPECIAL NOTICE OPPOSITE PAGE 3 OF WRAPPER. PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. Post FREE 7/- PER \ANNUM PavABLE IN ADVANCE. All Communications should be addressed to the Editor, as overleaf. Trade supplied ty — MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick House, PaTERNOsTER Row, Lonpon, E.C. [Zhe right of reproduction is reserved.| SANDER & SONS, »<. Largest Importers and Growers of Orchids in the World. . . - een od sg Le Te ian, ee | we ac NOTICES. The ORCHID REVIEW is published regularly at the beginning of each month, price 6d. net. Annual Subscription, post free, 7/-, payable in advance. 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NEW STRAWBERRY, ““‘The Khedive. fi HIS variety was raised by us from British Queen and Lord Suffield, is a most prolific bearer, and withstands the drought in dark red in colour; flesh firm, white, tinged with red, very sweet, lasting well to the end of July. Plants in small pots, 42s. per 100; 6s. per doz. Runners, 2is. per 100; 3s. per doz. SINGLE FRUIT; LIFE SIZE. = Received an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society, J uly 92nd, 1902. 2 “A deep red-coloured so with: prominent seeds and rich flavour.”—Gardeners’ Chronicle “A good flavoured han e dark-coloured fruit.”—The Garden “A Saag — fried “arity, oa f° ood fieveni Sg owigal of ihe. Royal Horticultural Socie JAMES VEITCH & SONS, Lt. Royal Exotic Nursery, THE ORCHID REVIEW. Vor. A.] DECEMBER, 1902. [No. 120. DIES ORCHIDIANI. IT is interesting to find such a concensus of opinion respecting the value of leaf-mould as a compost for Orchids as is given at pages 331 to 334. The matter seems to be passing out of the experimental stage, and the full details given as to the proper way of preparing and mixing the materials- will probably induce other growers to give the system a trial, and thus familiarise themselves with it. The beautiful group of Cattleya x Mantinii grown in the new compost, as illustrated at page 337, is also very instructive. It now seems probable that some cases of failure have not been so much due to the materials themselves as to the methods of using them, for those who have paid proper attention to the mechanical condition of the compost have not been troubled with “‘ wet feet,” which seems to be one of the chief difficulties encountered. I see it is suggested that the term “‘leaf-mould”’ is misleading, as some growers who have not paid sufficient attention to details have used the material in a completely decayed condition. But the term ‘‘ Oak-leaves”’ would be equally misleading if taken literally, as one might pot his plants. in perfectly new Oak-leaves, and expect to get correct results. The advice- not to give Orchids “soggy ”’ potting materials is sound enough, but the instructions given over a year ago were to use Oak-leaves in a flaky or half-decayed condition, and after being rubbed through a coarse sieve, the fine materials were to be sifted out, and then some fibrous peat and chopped sphagnum moss added to keep the compost open (O. R., ix., p. 301). Such a compost is not likely to get ‘‘ soggy.” with ordinary care in watering. This latter point seems to furnish one of the chief difficulties with the new compost, and the advice given seems to be a little contradictory. The majority of growers recommend that less water should be applied, but Mr. Harrison finds that ‘‘ they want more water than when in peat and moss” (page 333), and asserts that “leaves do not get sour nearly so- soon.” But even he at first tried ‘“‘thoroughly decayed leaves, which 354 ‘THE ORCHID REVIEW. formed a fine soil, became sodden, and the plants failed to thrive.” The lesson seems to be that the compost should be of the right mechanical composition, and the drainage perfect, and then water can be supplied in the usual way—that is, when the plants require it; not indiscriminately, or with a hose, whether they require it or not, as the American system was described a short time ago. No wonder the material becomes “soggy” under such conditions. The question of the best compost is not yet settled, however, for I see at page 348 that Mr. Cragg swears by bracken rhizomes and rough peat, with a surfacing of sphagnum moss, and that he secured a Cultural Commendation for a group of twenty-five Odontoglossum crispums at a recent meeting of the R.H.S. I also note in a recent account of the “Orchids at Walton Grange ” (Gard. Chron., p. 318) that the writer remarks :—‘‘ In the matter of potting material for Orchids Mr. Stevens is of opinion that the old plan of using peat and sphagnum is as good as any, and more than one house of Odontoglossums in excellent condition is so potted. As an extreme use of peat, there is a very fine example of high cultivation in a small house of Odontoglossum Pescatorei, with remarkably fine bulbs, and which are potted entirely in the earthy peat generally used — for Rhododendron beds.” After this one may ask, What’s in a compost ? and why trouble about best fibrous peat when such results can be obtained with the common or garden variety ? But even here the new compost is not ignored, for the writer hastens to explain :—“ Nevertheless, Mr. Stevens gets good results with his plants potted in a mixture of peat and Oak-leaves, and for some things the Oak-leaves are used almost unmixed, and with good results, as, for example, in the matter of a shelf full of good plants of Sophronitis grandiflora, finely grown and well-bloomed; and a lot of Miltonia vexillaria, M. X Bleuana, and others of that class, for which a large proportion of leaves is used with marked benefit.” Now the quality of the Walton Grange Odontoglossums is well known, and I suspect that the secret of Mr. Stevens’ success lies in his complete mastery of all the cultural details, for it is quite evident that the question of compost is only one of several details which must receive proper attention in order to get the best results. It is, however, none the less interesting to find that the question of compost is being grappled with in this way, for it may lead to more definite information as to the require- ments of these plants, and a better idea as to the common causes of failure. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 355 For years it was a standing reproach against Orchid growers that they could not raise Odontoglossums from seed, although they could keep imported plants alive and continue to flower them. Various reasons were given to explain the fact, but the probable cause is that the proper conditions were not understood. At all events substantial progress has been made during recent years, and it would appear that the seedlings are easy enough to raise when one knows how to set about it. Mr. Stevens is said to have about six hundred nice little plants in various stages, chiefly from two to four inches high. Some germinated on pots of the parent plants, others in pans of prepared peat, and a yet greater number on calico, the surface of which is rendered convex by a pad of sphagnum moss, the whole fitting about an inch below the rim on the inside of the flower pot. They are said to be kept moist by frequent spraying. It is exceedingly interesting to find that Mr. Stevens has surmounted the difficulties, and I hope that their flowering will prove equally satisfactory. Some time ago there was a discussion on the subject of changing the names of Certificated Orchids, and I alluded to the difficulty which is some- times experienced in ascertaining what those names really are ; instancing - tthe case of Cattleya amethystoglossa Sander, which, according to two of the horticultural papers, received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. last March, though two other papers called it C. guttata Prinzii var. Sandere. And I added (p. 130) :—‘‘ I shall be curious to see what the Society’s own official record says.’ Now we have it, for in the last issue of the R.H.S. Journal we read :—“ Cattleya guttata Prinzii Sanderze (votes unanimous) from Messrs. Sander, St. Albans. An albino of the species more commonly known as C. amethystoglossa.” Perhaps what your correspondent ‘“‘ over- heard at the Drill Hall” is applicable to this case too. ARGUS. SEEDLING ODONTOGLOSSUMS. A SHORT note respecting a fine batch of seedling Odontoglossums in the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, was given at page 255, showing that considerable progress has been made since we had the pleasure of seeing and reporting on the progress made by Mr. Stevens with this beautiful genus (O.R., viii, pp. 198, 199). An interesting article on the collection has just appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1902, xxxii, p- 318), from which the following is extracted :— ** A span-house is set apart for fine varieties of Odontoglossums for the purpose of hybridising, and a goodly number of seed-capsules are maturing. 356 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Good results have already been attained in crossing and raising Odonto- glossums, some of the resultants having now nearly attained flowering size, while in various stages, chiefly in plants two to four inches in height, are some six hundred nice little plants of hybrid Odontoglossums, whose records suggest that they should turn out well. Among the crosses are | O. Uro-Skinneri X O. Harryanum, O. crispum X O. Vuylstekeanum, O.crispum X O. cordatum, and others, in which the fine O. X Wilckeanum Stevensii has been used on various species. ‘The seedlings are raised in several ways, and seemingly with equal facility. Some are coming up on the pots of the parent plants, others in pans of prepared peat, and a yet greater number on calico, the surface of which is rendered convex by a pad of sphagnum moss, the whole fitting about an inch below the rim on the inside of the flower-pot. Spraying as a means of keeping them moist is frequently done, and the sprayer is much in use on all classes of Orchids.” A further note refers to “‘a promising cross between a fine Miltonia vexillaria and M. vexillaria Leopoldi, which should produce a new form of M. X Bleuana,” but it seems probable that ‘‘M. vexillaria’’ should read ““M. Roezlii,” that species being one parent of the original M. x Bleuana. It is extremely satisfactory to find that such substantial progress is being made with this beautiful group of Orchids. ORCHIDS FROM WESTONBIRT. A remarkable series of flowers sent from the collection of Captain Hol- ford, Westonbirt, Tetbury, by Mr. Alexander, shows the great value of the genus Paphiopedilum for autumn and winter flowering. P. insigne is re- presented by thirty-two different forms, including both the yellow and spotted varieties. The former are P. i. Sanderz, Sanderianum, Luciani, lucidum, Ethel, Dorothy, and citrinum, no two being alike. Of the spotted forms may be mentioned Harefield Hall variety, the giant of the series, Holfordianum, smaller and less spotted, but otherwise approaching it, Dormanii, punctato-violaceum, marginatum, and magnificum. There are several other named forms, and those without varietal names show much variation in the shape of the dorsal sepal, and the size and number of the spots. One large and striking form has the spots small and more or less confluent, being almost reduced to a brown suffusion towards the base- P. X Leeanum is represented by twelve very fine forms, the more distinct being giganteum, Albertianum, superbum, and magnificum. Here also is seen a large amount of variation in the amount of spotting on the dorsal sepal- The remaining forms are P. Spicerianum, P. Charlesworthii magnificum, P. X Buchanianum, P. x Arthurianum, P. x Niobe magnificum, P. X THE ORCHID REVIEW. 357 Calypso, P. X memoria Moensii, P. x Lawrebel, P. x Hera var. Euryades, P. X Cyris and P. X Sir Redvers Buller, two handsomely spotted forms, P. xX Mrs. Tautz, P. xX Milo Westonbirt variety, and P. x Ashburton Bartetii. They form an extremely beautiful series, and all the flowers are large and splendidly developed, showing excellent culture. They are cut from plants forming the remarkable group exhibited at the Drill Hall on November 18th, to which a large Gold Medal was awarded. a MILTONIA VEXILLARIA EMPRESS AUGUSTA VICTORIA. See FRONTISPIECE. TueE Frontispiece to the present volume represents a most beautiful example of the above-named variety, grown in the collection of Captain Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury, by Mr. Alexander. It is in a five-inch pot, in Belgian leaf-mould, and last May produced seven racemes of bloom, as shown. The method of treatment was given at pages 201 and 202, and the results speak for themselves. The photograph was taken by Mr. Lamb, of Tetbury. ORCHIDS AT CLARE LAWN. THE question of growing Orchids in leaf-mould—or perhaps it would be more correct to say in a compost consisting largely of decaying Oak-leaves —has been much discussed of late, and knowing that Mr. W. H. Young, Sir Frederick Wigan’s able Orchid grower, had for some time been experimenting with the new compost, we thought it would be interesting to see the results, and hear what Mr. Young might have to say upon the matter. Accordingly, about the end of October, we called at Clare Lawn, and now have the pleasure of giving a few notes upon the subject. Mr. Young’s experience is quite typical. When he heard of the new compost he determined to try it, though without feeling very sanguine as to the results. He accordingly potted a few plants in it, following the instructions about careful watering, and as there were soon signs of improvement, he tried a few others, with the same results. This induced him to extend the experiments, until at the present time he has plants of all the principal groups in the new compost. The two systems are being tried side by side, those in the new compost being distinguished by a short stick painted dark brown inserted into the pots. This affords a guide as to watering, but otherwise the plants are treated exactly alike. The improve- ment in some cases is remarkable, as will be seen presently, and Mr. Young, who is no novice in Orchid growing, expressed his opinion that it is the 358 THE ORCHID REVIEW. coming method, but he emphasises the necessity of additional care in watering. Odontoglossums thrive and multiply in a way that they failed to do before, and Mr. Young pointed out examples, and also turned some out of the pots to show that the root action was satisfactory. It should be remarked that many of them have been in leaf-mould for two years. O. crispum and allied species were in thriving condition, while O. X Rolfez - and QO. xX spectabile were growing with remarkable vigour, the latter carrying a raceme of 11 buds, while the latest pseudobulb was over five inches long. A sturdy plant of Cochlioda Noetzliana had thirteen new bulbs, against eleven last year, and only seven the year before. Oncidiums also grow with increased vigour, and the same might be said of many other inmates of the Cool department, which Mr. Young considers has greatly benefited by the introduction of the new compost. Here were two good pans of Pleione lagenaria, one with, the other without leaves, in the compost, and, although the difference was less marked than in some cases, yet the latter was second best. Here we noticed some good examples of Lelia pumila and Dayana in flower, also Cochlioda vulcanica, Trichosma suavis, Masdevallia x Hincksiana, varying from cream-white to buff- yellow, according to the age of the flowers, M. Carderi, Oncidiums Forbesii, incurvum, ornithorrhynchum, and other interesting things. Cymbidium grandiflorum was throwing up five spikes, and several of C. Tracyanum were beginning to push. The Phalznopsis house at Clare Lawn is always interesting, and here the new compost is being tried. A plant of Phalenopsis Schilleriana imported last May was put straight into the new compost, and has since developed some remarkably fine leaves. But still more interesting was an old plant which was put into the new compost last April. Since then it has developed two leaves, the best measuring a foot long by a shade under four inches broad, and the other only slightly smaller, and not yet | mature. There was no imported vigour behind this plant, for it has been in the collection ever since 1888. The plants here are generally good, and are producing numbers of fine spikes. Several P. violacea were in bloom, and Mr. Young pointed out that the flowers of this species are very fragrant. Pescatorea Klabochorum and P. cerina were in flower, having been in the collection twelve and thirteen years respectively. Chondro- thyncha Chestertoni had three buds, and Mr. Young has a nice batch of species of this group (including Bollea, Warscewiczella, &c.), which grow almost like weeds in leaf-mould, and they keep on flowering almost continually. The new Zygonisia x Rolfeana was throwing upa fine spike, and the curious little Saccolabium calceolare was bearing three heads of flowers. The Cypripedium group and Miltonia Roezlii also thrive well in THE ORCHID REVIEW. 359 leaf-mould, although Mr. Young remarked that they do not root into it much. But they are surface-rooting plants, and the luxuriant foliage shows that they get the food they require, probably in great part from the gradual decay of the leaves. Cymbidium Lowianum and the cool growing Cypripedes do remarkably well'in the Rock house, and here Odontoglossum coronarium was showing for flower, and we noted two plants of the natural hybrid Cymbidium X I’Ansoni, which it is believed are the only ones in the country. Mr. Young pointed out a plant of Oncidium insculptum, which last winter produced one of its rernarkable ramblingspikes, which was trained to the roof, and during a spell of sharp weather some of the flowers were encased in masses of ice, but, curiously enough, when the thaw came these flowers had apparently not suffered the least for their novel experience. In the Cattleya houses we observed many plants growing remarkably well in the new compost, C. Mossize and Mendelii being specially pointed out. Here we observed some good C. Bowringiana and the pretty hilac- coloured variety Lady Wigan, C. labiata alba and various coloured forms in bud, Leelio-cattleya x Frederick Boyle and L.-c. x Liptoni throwing up spikes, the former closely resembling the Lelia anceps parent in habit. Both the white and coloured forms of L. anceps were showing plenty of spikes, and it was pointed out in several cases that the spike was being developed on bulbs that had failed to produce a leaf. This was mostly among the white forms, and it is a new experience to Mr. Young, who cannot suggest a cause for the peculiarity. Sophroleelia x Eros was bearing two fine flowers of the most intense blood-crimson, and a plant of Scuticaria Hadwenii carried four flowers. There were also pans of the charming little Pleione maculata, two plants of the beautiful Cypripedium insigne Sandere, and several good forms of C. x Leeanum, C. Spicerianum, &c. Some plants of C. bellatulum that had been in leaf- -mould for two years were pointed out, and they were in the most robust health, also two of the variety album, one of which was in flower. C. xX Godefroyz leucochilum was equally robust, and no better results could be desired. Some good Dendrobium Phalznopsis and D. formosum were in flower, and it was interesting to see a batch of about ten seedlings of the latter, which were found on some imported plants and potted up separately. Cattleya superba carried an inflorescence of three buds, one of four flowers. being over; the remarkable Paphinia cristata was also just past. Some seedling Spathoglottis (Vieillardii @ x Kimballiana) were in flower. the character of the seed parent largely predominating. And a plant of the richly-coloured Phragmipedilum x Perseus carried a strong panicle: with five expanded flowers and several buds. 7360 THE ORCHID REVIEW. In another house we noted some good forms of Cypripedium insigne, ‘including the Harefield Hall variety, the latter not yet open, also C. X ‘Niobe, C. x Arthurianum, and its distinct variety pulchellum, with the rare “Ccelogyne Veitchiana, and some others. The visit proved most interesting, and Mr. Young must be con- -gratulated on his success with the new treatment. Success it certainly is, for the results speak for themselves, and the method has been in use long -enough to show what it is capable of. Mr. Young naturally intends to -develop it further, and we shall watch the experiment with interest. PAPHIOPEDILUM CHARLESWORTHII AND P. SPICERIANUM. At the R.H.S. meeting held on October 21st a plant was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons, under the name of Cypripedium Charlesworthii ‘virginale, which may possibly throw further light on a question discussed at page 296, namely, Do Paphiopedilum Charlesworthii and P. Spicerianum grow anywhere intermixed? The flower exhibited had a white dorsal sepal, with a few light purple spots along the median line; the shape was also less concave, and the staminode seemed larger and not of the same pure porcelain white; which characters suggested a possible hybrid origin. The two species in question were not present, and we hope the opportunity ‘will yet occur to make a careful comparison of the three. The matter -should be cleared up. R. A. ROLFE. The above was squeezed out of our last number, and now the following ‘very interesting note comes to hand :— Two or three years ago we got home some imported Cyp. Charles- ‘worthii, and among them have appeared two plants of Cyp. Spicerianum, but there are some differences from the usual Spicerianums. The leaves are narrower, and very dark green, the flowers fine, and the sepals much’ more crimped and crinkled, and rather more coloured. Both my plants bear two flowers on each stalk, and one has six flowers, though -quite a small plant. JANET Ross. Poggio Gherardo, Florence, November 8th, 1902. This is quite confirmatory of the idea that these two species do ‘somewhere grow together, and owing to the close resemblance in their vegetative organs are not distinguished until they flower. In the first case there was a little doubt, because the history of the importation before being sold was not known, but in the second they appear to have been imported direct. Further evidence on this interesting question will be -acceptable. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 361 CYMBIDIUM x MANTINII. On October 17th last the Manchester Orchid Society gave an Award of Merit to a pretty hybrid Cymbidium, called C. x Holmesii, which had been raised by Mr. W. Holmes, of Timperley, from C. Mastersii ? and C. giganteum ¢, but which, as pointed out at page 343, must rank as a variety of C. X Mantinii. The original C. X Mantinii was raised by M. G. Mantin, Olivet, France, from the reverse cross, and was exhibited at Paris on February 24th, 1898. In the following year a plant from the same Fic. 37. CYMBIDIUM X MANTINII. parentage was exhibited at the International Exhibition at St. Petersburg, also by M. Mantin, as C. X Cesaris Nicolai II, which, of course, becomes a synonym of the earlier name. The annexed figure is reproduced from a photograph kindly sent by Mr. Holmes, who remarks that the seed was sown eight years ago. As will be seen from the figure, the plant has retained much of the general character of C. Mastersii, but the influence of C. giganteum is very apparent in the details and markings of the lip. 362 THE ORCHID REVIEW. SOCIBNTILADS. ROYAL HORTICULTURAL. A MEETING of this Society was held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on November 4th, when there was an extremely fine display of Orchids. a J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whitelegge), was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a-fine group, containing many fine varieties of Cattleya labiata, both white and coloured, including C. 1. Amesiana, having a white flower with the lip lilac-pink in colour, which gained an Award of Merit; good forms of C. Dowiana aurea, Dendrobium X splendidissimum grandiflorum, Oncidium varicosum, O. Forbesii, a fine form of Lzlio-cattleya x bletchleyensis, and others. C. H. Feiling, Esq., Southgate House, Southgate (gr. Mr. Stocking), received a Silver Flora Medal for an excellent group, containing many fine varieties of Cypripedium insigne, C. X Memoria Moensii,C. X_ nitens, C. Stonei, C. Spicerianum, C. x Arthurianum, C. x Leeanum, C. Charlesworthii, and the fine C. X Harrisio-villosum. Captain G. L. Holford, Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Alexander), staged a fine group of specimen plants, which gained a Silver Banksian Medal. It included two fine plants of Vanda Kimballiana, the largest bearing fourteen spikes and an aggregate of 145 flowers; V. Sanderiana, Lelia pumila prestans, with nine flowers; Cattleya x Ariel, a fine form of C. labiata, the pure white Dendrobium Phalenopsis hololeucum, and a very fine D. formosum giganteum, bearing ten spikes, with sixty very large flowers, which received a Cultural Commendation. Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), received a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group, including Saccolabium calceolare, Odontoglossum x spectabile, Cattleya superba, C. labiata alba, with three flowers; C€. 1. Cooksone, C. x Mantinii nobilior, Lelio-cattleya X Frederick Boyle, Lelia pumila “ Pearl,’ a pretty blush-white form with the lip pink in front, Cymbidium Tracyanum, a good form of Zygonisia X Rolfeana, two fine pans of Pleione Wallichiana, Cypripedium insigne Harefield Hall variety, C. i. Sandere,C. x Niobe, C. bellatulum album, C. X Arthurianum, and others. The Hon. W. Rothschild, M.P., Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine group of rare and interesting Orchids, containing Masdevallia angulata, M. abbreviata, M. muscosa, M. infracta, M. hieroglyphica, M. corniculata, M. x Doris, M. * Hincksiana, M. X Acis, Stenoglottis longifolia, and its variety alba, Sarcanthus teretifoliusy Scaphosepalum gibberosum, Restrepia elegans, two plants of the beautiful Phalzenopsis Lowii, the curious Bulbophyllum grandiflorum, B. Careyanum, THE ORCHID REVIEW. 363. and its lilac-coloured variety, and the very handsome Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum. J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford, Essex (gr. Mr. Davis)» received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, including many fine varieties of Cattleya labiata, one large specimen bearing thirty-six flowers; two well-flowered Dendrobium Xx aureum, Cypripedium insigne Laura Kimball, C. x Troilus, C. x Captain Holford (hirsutissimum xX superbiens), having a very large and finely-spotted flower, and Lzlio-cattleya x Decia. J. Colman, Esq., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bound), secured a Silver Banksian Medal with a good group, containing some fine forms of Cattleya labiata, C. Bowringiana, the pretty C. x suavior (intermedia X Mendelii), a splendid plant of Trichosma suavis covered with flower spikes; Dendrobium Phalznopsis, and many good Cypripediums, including C- insigne Sandere and C. i. Youngianum. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), showed Cypripedium insigne Sanderze, a Zygocolax cross, and a fine Lzlio-cattleya x Statteriana. An Award of Merit was given to Cattleya xX Mrs. Pitt (Harrisoniana X Dowiana aurea), having flowers rose-pink in colour, of good substance, and the undulate lip with a rich orange disc. F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. Gilbert), exhibited good forms of Cypripedium niveum and C. insigne, also the fine Oncidium X Mantinii superbum, which gained an Award of Merit. De B. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), showed the handsome Odontoglossum crispum Poultoni, having the flowers white, heavily blotched with rose-purple. R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Smith), sent a yellow variety of Cypripedium insigne, called ‘‘ Miss Corbett.” Sir J. Miller, Bart., Manderston, Duns (gr. Mr. Hamilton), exhibited a fine spike of Lzlio-cattleya x Hamiltoni (C. bicolor x L. Dayana), having handsome dark-rose flowers with an elongated purple lip. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a fine group, for which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained Léelio-cattleya xX Dominiana langleyensis, L.-c. x Gottoiana, L.-c. x Bryan, L.-c. X Decia, L.-c. x Euterpe, L.-c. x Eva, Cattleya x Ella, C. X Portia, C. x< Minerva, C. X Mrs. J. W. Whiteley, Cypripedium insigne and its variety Chantini, C. X cenanthum superbum, C. X Arthurianum, C. X A. pul- chellum, C. x Baron Schréder (X cenanthum superbum X Fairrieanum) and C. x Thalia (insigne Chantini X Baron Schréder) which received an Award of Merit. It is a very handsome hybrid, having an orbicular white dorsal sepal, lined and spotted with dark purple, and the petals and lip yellow marked with purple-brown. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, were awarded a Silver Banksian 364 THE ORCHID REVIEW. Medal for a fine group, including Cypripedium x Zenobia (callosum x Ashburtoniz), C. x Coronis (x Leeanum giganteum Xx Lynchianum), and other fine hybrid Cypripedes, Zygocolax x Amesianus, Cymbidium Tracyanum, Habenaria Susanne, Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, Masdevallia nidifica, and others. Awards of Merit were granted to Cypripedium X Evelyn Ames superbum (xX Leeanum giganteum X Calypso Oakwood var.), and C. X Transvaal superbum (Chamberlainianum xX Rothschildianum), two beautiful forms fairly intermediate between their parents, and a Botanical Certificate to Cynorchis purpurascens. Messrs. H. Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, consisting chiefly of varieties of Cattleya labiata, including C. 1. glauca, tinged with lavender-blue, and C.1. var. R. I. Measures, with pale pink markings on the lip, together with Cypripedium insigne Sandere, C. X gigas Corndeani, Bulbophyllum Careyanum, and others. An Award of Merit was granted to Cattleya labiata Amesiana, having the flowers white, with the front of the lip lilac-pink. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, gained a Silver Banksian Medal for a group of fine hybrids, including Lelio-cattleya x Ingrami, L. c. X luminosa, Cattleya X Portia, C. x Iris, C. X Mrs. J. W. Whiteley, C. X Clarkei, Cypripedium callosum Sandere, C. insigne Sanderz, C. X Arthurianum, and Sophrocattleya x Nydia. Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, showed a small group, containing Cypri- pedium X Memoria Moensii, C. X Leone, C. X Charlesianum, C. insigne aureum, C. i. Harefield Hall variety, C. i. Sanderz, and others. Mr. H. A. Tracy, Twickenham, showed Cattleya labiata coerulea, having the flower tinted with blue all over, with the lip darker in colour. M. Otto Froebel, Zurich, sent a fine spike of Vanda Sanderiana Froebeliz, with very round, richly coloured flowers. At the Scientific Committee meeting on the same date, Captain C. C. Hurst, Burbage, Hinckley, sent a flower of Paphiopedilum X Canhami (superbiens X villosum) showing a partial separation of the parental characters. An accompanying note pointed out that the plant had always previously produced normal flowers, but the one exhibited showed the following curious characters. One side of the lip was normal, being evidently a fair blend between the parent species, but the other side was divided into three distinct areas, (1) a narrow band of rich brown-purple, as in the parent P. superbiens; (2) a broad band of greenish yellow as in the parent P. villosum; the remainder (3) being a normal blend between the parent species. Capt. Hurst added:—‘‘We have here evidently a partial separation of the mixed‘ blood’ of the parent species, the result being a THE ORCHID REVIEW. 365 mosaic rather than a blend. It is interesting to note that the hairs within the lip are sharply separated, as is the colour, and there is alsoa slight tendency to separation in the colour of the dorsal sepal and the petals. Whether this partial ‘sport’ will prove permanent remains to be seen, though it is not very likely. We really know very little about the manner in which the cells of hybrids are determined and formed, but this particular case suggests that when the cells were being formed in areas 1 and 2, the parental determinants, instead of working together to forma blend, somehow separated, the P. superbiens determinants alone forming No. 1 area, and the P. villosum determinants forming the other, No.2. Similar ‘ sports’ have been recorded in the allied hybrid P. x Harrisianum (P. barbatum X P. villosum), for the history of which see Cypripedium x Dauthieri Rossianum, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1888, i. p. 425 ; C. x D.marmoratum, Rev. Hort. Belge, 1889, p. 249, with plate; C. x Dauthieri dimidiate, Gard. Chron., 1895, 1. p. 335, fig. 45. Conf. also Orch. Rev., 1894, pp. 20, Pe ay AT the meeting held on November 18th there was again an extremely fine display of Orchids. Captain G. L. Holford, c.1.£., Westonbirt, Tetbury (gr. Mr. Alexander), was awarded a large Gold Medal for a magnificent group, tastefully arranged with Bambusa gracilis, containing many examples of Oncidium varicosum, O. crispum, O. tigrinum, various good forms of Cattleya labiata, Cymbidium Tracyanum, with three fine spikes, some fine Vanda coerulea, and a very large number of well-grown Cypripediums, bearing in all over 500 flowers, including a specimen of C. insigne Harefield Hall variety with four flowers; the allied C. i. Holfordianum, C.. i. aureum, C. i. Dorothy, C. i. Standard, C. i. Westonbirt var., C. i. Sandere, C. i. Sanderianum, C. i. citrinum, C. i. Balliz, C. i. Luciani, C. i. Dormanii, C. i. Youngianum, C. i. punctato-violaceum, with eleven flowers; C X Leeanum magnificum, C. x L. superbum, C. x L. Burford variety, C. X L. Westonbirt variety, C. x L. Albertianum, C. x Niobe magnificum, C. X Lawrebel, C. X Maudie magnificum, C. X Mons. de Curte, C. X Euryades, C. x Io grande, C. x Arthurianum pulchellum, C. X Cyris, and C. x Acteus. A Cultural Commendation was given to a fine plant of Cypripedium x Leeanum giganteum, bearing fourteen flowers, while a similar award was made to a magnificent plant of Cattleya Bowringiana, with ten spikes, bearing 198 flowers, the largest spike having twenty-six. N. C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. H. J. Chapman), received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, containing some fine examples of Cypripedium insigne Sanderz, C. i. Harefield Hall 366 THE ORCHID REVIEW. var., C. X Norma, C. X Chapmanii, C. xX Olivia, C. x Leeanum Clinkaberryanum, C. X Morganize Oakwood var., with three fine spikes; the handsome C. x Youngianum superbum, having a large flower, white, tinged with rose-purple, and spotted on the petals; Cattleya labiata oakwoodiensis, having the lip claret-crimson throughout, without any yellow disc, and Calanthe x Kenneth. An Award of Merit was given to Calanthe x triumphans, having nearly white sepals, and the rest of the flower ruby red tinged with rose. The Hon. W. Rothschild, Tring Park, Tring (gr. Mr. Hill), received a Botanical Certificate for the remarkable New Guinean Bulbophyllum Ericssoni, having long caudate-acuminate sepals and petals, the former being much spotted. The Rt. Hon. J. Chamberlain, m.p., Highbury, Birmingham (gr. Mr. Mackay), sent flowers of Lzlio-cattleya x Marie (L. Digbyana X C. Warneri), having flowers white, tinged with rose, and with a purple spot on the lip. W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, Hull (gr. Mr. Barker), showed Cypripedium x Prospero, C. X Goweri magnificum, C. insigne Hessle var., and C. i. Harefield Hall var. J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford, Essex (gr. Mr. Davis), exhibited the remarkable peloriate Dendrobium Wardianum Fowleri, in which the lower sepals resemble the lip in colour and markings. H. Gaskell, Esq., Woolton Wood, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Corbett), showed two hybrid Cypripediums. Dr. Misken, Slade House, Kennington Road, exhibited a form of ‘Cattleya Hardyana. Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), showed a fine example of Odontoglossum Rolfez, together with O. x Harryano- crispum giganteum, having a large cream-white flower, tinged with rose and blotched with purple. W. E. Wallace, Esq., Eaton Bray, showed a variety of Cypripedium insigne. F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. Gilbert), exhibited four forms of Cypripedium x Leeanum, the fine yellow C. insigne citrinum, Vanda ccerulea, and a plant called Lelia x Gilberti, a supposed natural hybrid from L. tenebrosa, having a flower light rose in colour, with a purple-rose front to the lip, which may be a form of Lelio-cattleya x Gottoiana. . H. Whateley, Esq., Kenilworth, showed a richly coloured variety of Dendrobium Phalznopsis. Messrs. J. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, were awarded a Silver Flora Medal fcr a fine group of handsome hybrids, including Lzlio-cattleya x Lady THE ORCHID REVIEW. 367 Rothschild, L.-c. x Pallas, L.-c. X C. G. Roebling, L.-c. X Tiresias, L.-c. x bletchleyensis, L.-c. X Haroldiana superba, Cattleya x Mantinii, Lelia x Mrs. Gratrix, Cypripedium x Thalia, some plants of Cypripedium insigne Sander bearing in all thirteen flowers, and other good things. A First-class Certificate was given to Lelio-cattleya X Thorntoni grandiflora (L. Digbyana X C. Gaskelliana), a very large form with bright rose-lilac sepals and petals, and the large and deeply-fringed lip dark lilac- rose, with a greenish-yellow disc. An Award of Merit was given to L.-c. X Statteriana superba (C. labiata X L. Perrinii) having a very large flower, with the sepals and petals bright rose in colour, and the front lobe of the lip bright red-purple. Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, were awarded a Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a splendid group, mainly of Cypripediums, including Cypripedium insigne Sandere, C. i. Sanderianum, C. i. Harefield Hall var., C. i. punctato- violaceum, the handsome C. i. ornatum, C. X Fascinator, C. X Niobe, C. x Arthurianum, C. x nitens, varieties of C. X Leeanum, including C. x L. virginale, having the major part of the dorsal sepal pure white in colour ; three plants of Dendrobium xX Ethel, Masdevallia macrura, M. racemosa, M. x Hincksiana, M. X. Heathii, some Sophronitis grandiflora, and others. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, were awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an effective group, including Cypripedium X Transvaal superbum, Cc. X‘nanum (Leeanum giganteum X Lathamianum), C. X Niobe-Leeanum C. X Massaianum superbum, C. x Leeanum var. James Hamilton, a fine dark flower, with white dorsal sepal; Lelio-cattleya x Det,” LstiX bletchleyensis, L.-c. x Bowringiano-Clive, L.-c. x Helena, Odontoglossum X tripudio-crispum, having a flower cream white, blotched with brown, Cymbidium Tracyanum, and others. An Award of Merit was given to Lzelio-cattleya x Clive var. Sandere, a very handsome flower with the ‘sepals and petals white tinged with pink and the front of the lip rosy crimson. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. showed a flower of Cattleya labiata Amesiana, Cypripedium insigne Sandere, C. i. Harefield Hall variety, and C. X Leeanum. M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France, received an Award of Merit for Cattleya x Fabia Vigeriana (C. Dowiana aurea X C. labiata flammea). Mr. H. A. Tracy, Twickenham, showed a good variety of Cypripedium insigne called Tracyz. — MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. A MEETING was held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November 6th, when there was a very fine display of Orchids, including several 368 THE ORCHID REVIEW. excellent groups, Certificates and Medals being granted as follows :— S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. G. Cypher), staged a remark able group of Cypripediums, to which a Silver-gilt Medal was awarded. It contained numerous fine varieties of C. insigne, among which twenty-seven yellow forms were conspicuous, and the fine Harefield Hall variety. C. X Minos var. Youngii was also conspicuous, and Awards of Merit were also given to C. insigne Bohnhofianum and C. X Corona. W. Duckworth, Esq., Flixton (gr. Mr. Tindall), also gained a Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a handsome group. In the centre were about a dozen good Cattleya Dowiana aurea, with some splendidly grown Oncidiums behind, as O. Marshallianum, O. crispum, O. Forbesii and O. pretextum. There were also some good Odontoglossum cirrhosum, the chaste Lzlia Perrinii alba, and other choice things, the whole being very effectively arranged. Awards of Merit were given to Oncidium xX Mantinii and Cattleya aurea. Distinction. , O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a group of well- grown Cypripediums, to which a Silver Medal was given. Prominent among them were several plants of C. insigne Sanderz, a good C. i. Harefield Hall variety, and three plants of C. x Arthurianum in five-inch pots, bearing five flowers each. All the plants were well-flowered, and a First- class Certificate was given toC. X nitens Wrigleyanum in fine condition. W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), staged a small choice group, which gained a Bronze Medal. Prominent in it were Cattleya X Mantinii and a light form of Odontoglossum x crispo-Harryanum; also Lelio-cattleya XxX Statteriana, which gained an Award of Merit. A Cultural Certificate and Bronze Medal was also given to three fine plants of Epidendrum vitellinum var. autumnale, bearing six fine inflorescences each. T. Statter, Esq., Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), received an Award of Merit for 5 lata x Ingramii superba, a large and richly coloured form. R. Tunstill, Ea. Burnley (gr. Mr. Balmforth), also received an Award of Merit for Cattleya labiata reedleyense, a pretty variety having white sepals and petals and a pale rose-coloured lip. Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, received a Silver Medal for a very effective ohne containing some good varieties of Cattleya labiata and ,Cypripedium, insigne, together with some fine cut spikes of Dendrobium Phalznopsis. Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Enfield, received a First-class Certificate for the beautiful Cattleya labiata Amesiana, which is noted on another page- Mr. W. Owen, Hartford, Cheshire, staged a good group of Cypripedium insigne, for which a Vote of Thanks was given. Sete Ae oe THE ORCHID REVIEW. 369 CATTLEYA x IRIS VAR. OCULATA. We have received from Captain C. C. Hurst, F.L.s., Burbage, Hinckley, a flower and photograph of the handsome Cattleya xX Iris var. oculata (bicolor @ xX Dowiana aurea 3), to which a First-class Certificate was given by the Manchester Orchid Society in November 1go1. The photo- graph, here reproduced, was taken this year, but from the type plant, and Captain Hurst remarks that the colour is darker than last year. When the flowers first open the sepals and petals are of a shade of pale buff, reminding Fic. 38. CATTLEYA X IRIS VAR. OCULATA. one somewhat of C. Dowiana aurea, but they soon change toa bright rosy mauve. The front lobe of the lip is rich purple-crimson, and there are two yellow eyes in the throat, by which it is distinguished from the typical form, and in reference to which the name is given. The plant was purchased from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. In the small side lobes of the lip, and the well-expanded flower, it shows its descent from C. bicolor, but in most other respects the flower is greatly modified. It is certainly a very beautiful form. 37° THE ORCHID REVIEW. CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER. By JoHN Mackay, The Gardens, Highbury, Birmingham. THE temperatures in the various departments should now be as follow :— Coot House.—Day, 50° to 60°; night, 45° to 50°. INTERMEDIATE House.—Day, 55° to 65° ; night, 50° to 55°. East Inp1AN House.—Day, 60° to 70°; night, 55° to 60°. Ventilation should be admitted as freely on all occasions as the outside conditions permit, particularly in the Cool departments. Watering need not be carried out so regularly as heretofore, and in all cases it should be done sparingly, to prevent plants from being in tvo moist a condition should dull foggy weather be prevalent. Damping down will only be required when the floors, stages, &c., appear dry, and must not be done heavily ; of course, the greater the amount of fire heat necessary the greater also will be the amount of moisture required for evaporating purposes. The plants themselves also will require more attention with regard to watering, as the materials will dry much more quickly. Hitherto fogs have not been very prevalent, but we may now expect a visitation at any time, especially near large manufacturing towns where smoke and noxious fumes are prevalent during the colder months. Whatever the treatment given during one of these visitations, one cannot wholly avoid the loss of bloom and, in many cases, buds and foliage as well. All ventilators should be kept closed and the house rendered as airtight as possible; the atmosphere and the plants should also be kept on the dry side. The Dendrobiums should now be quite matured and hardened. Many of the early flowering species and hybrids, such as D. aureum, D moniliforme, D. xX Cassiope, D. x endocharis, and D. x burfordiense will have their flower buds well advanced. Where desirable to keep up a succession of bloom, those in a forward stage may now be placed in slightly warmer quarters. The plants should be looked over occasionally, selecting the more forward ones, thus ensuring a continuous display for several weeks. Do not place them at once into a high temperature, for often growth is produced instead of flowers at this stage, besides the risk incurred of ruining the plants as well, which would be most unsatisfactory. A position in the Intermediate house will suit them admirably for the present. The majority of the plants should, however, be kept back well into the new year, when better flowers and healthier plants will result. The winter-flowering Cattleyas are a welcome addition where they can be relied on, for bloom of any description is acceptable during winter, and add an agreeable change to the somewhat monotonous appearance of the Orchid house at this dull season. The premier position must be given to THE ORCHID REVIEW. 371 C. Triane, for without doubt it is the most perfect and exquisite of Cattleya blooms. The flowers of the early flowering varieties are now advancing, and a slight increase in the supply of water should be given until the flowers have fully expanded, when the former course of resting should be followed till growth commences at a later period. A great many imported plants now produce bloom of very inferior types, and are really not worth cultivating, so that where good, choice and valuable forms are grown they should not be allowed to bloom annually. Where this cannot be avoided, however, they should be cut soon after development, so that the vitality of the plants may be preserved as much as possible. They should now occupy a light position near the glass. C. maxima is now becoming somewhat rare, or is much less plentiful than formerly ; it is a very pretty kind and blooms very freely when grown successfully. Here it occupies a light position on a shelf in the Cattleya house, a position which seems to suit it, and is given a decided rest after flowering, always avoiding excessive shrivelling with severe drought. CC. Percivaliana is not one of the largest flowering species, nevertheless some of its varieties are very beautiful. It grows very freely, but does not always flower well, even when the sheaths appear healthy. This is doubtless due to lack of necessary light at this period. Water should be given sparingly throughout the flowering process, otherwise similar treatment to that advised for C. Trianz may be given. In the warmest house the Phalznopsis will be pushing up flower spikes, and water must be given with extreme care. Plants that have had their spikes removed, such as P. Aphrodite and P. amabilis, will require but little moisture ; merely a slight wetting of the surface compost and roots about the basket with a syringe will be amply sufficient. The freedom with which these plants flower, and the length of time the flowers last, is often the cause of failure to cultivate them satisfactorily for any great length of time; it is therefore advisable to remove the flower scapes as soon as developed, unless, of course, the plants are in a vigorous condition. The advantage of this will be an increase of vigour the following season. PLEIONES.—Plants of P. lagenaria, P. precox, P. Wallichiana, P. Hookeriana, and P. Reichenbachiana as they pass out of flower should be potted immediately, because root action so soon commences that if this operation is too long delayed damage to the roots will result. Select moderately deep pans, giving sufficient drainage, and a suitable compost should consist of two parts peat, one of fibrous loam, one of sphagnum moss, with an addition of dry cow-dung, some finely broken crocks and silver sand to keep the material porous. Place about two inches of this material in the pan, slightly raising it towards the centre, shake the bulbs free from the old compost, and place a little of the new compost round 372 THE ORCHID REVIEW. their base to keep them firm, arranging them so that space is allowed for development of the new pseudobulbs without overcrowding. When finished give them a position near the glass in a light part of the Cool house. No water should be required after repotting for at least four or five weeks, at the end of which time they may be dipped to the rims, taking care to prevent the material becoming moved out of position. Pleiones should on no account be watered too frequently until the foliage is pretty far advanced and root action more energetic. Coelogyne cristata has now completed the new pseudobulbs, and the plants should be given a light position in the Intermediate house, giving very little moisture until the flowers begin to develop, when a slight increase at the roots will become necessary. ANGULOAS.—Growth with these is also complete, and a long cool rest may safely be given until they show signs of activity in the spring. Our plants are rested at the warmest end of the Cool house, where they keep in splendid condition without the least water being afforded. Lycaste Skinneri and L. x Smeeana whilst in flower should not be kept too dry at the roots, and they require all the light available to develop their flowers satisfactorily. Oncidium cheirophorum is a charming little species and makes a pretty display at this time, the flowers lasting a long time in perfection. After flowering, a short dry rest is essential until new growth makes its appearance. O. tigrinum, as it passes out of bloom, should be given all the light available, with very little water supplied for the next few months. O. concolor does not bloom till the spring ; its pseudobulbs are fast approaching completion, and where this is the case should now be given a rest, giving only water sufficient to keep the pseudo- bulbs plump. In the Cool house a good many spikes are showing, and a sharp look-out for slugs will now be necessary. Continue to lay traps of bran, &c., and secure each spike with a little cotton wool round the base. See that each plant on the stages receives an equal share of light, by even and regular Staging. Continue to cleanse the houses and plants wherever necessary. A good supply of sphagnum and peat, as well as leaf-mould, should be laid in this month ready for future use. ORCHIDS IN SEASON. A VERY fine form of Cattleya Bowringiana is sent from the collection of Mrs. Grogan, Slaney Park, Baltinglass, Co. Wicklow (gr. Mr. F. W. Oliver). The inflorescence bears ten very fine and richly coloured flowers, the petals being nearly and in one case quite 14 inches broad, while there is a zone of nearly blackish purple in front of the white throat of the lip. A fine form THE ORCHID REVIEW. 373 of Paphiopedilum Charlesworthii is also sent, in which the dorsal sepal measures 2% inches across. The shape is excellent, and the colour must ’ have been equally good, for it is said to have been out nearly six weeks, and to have lost much of its colour. Both these plants should be taken care of. Mr. J. H. Grogan writes: ‘“‘I am much interested in the leaf-mould correspondence, and am trying some little experiments; so far with good results.” Flowers of the splendid Paphiopedilum x I’Ansoni magnificum (P. X Morganize X Rothschildianum) are sent by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Bush Hill Park. The inflorescence is very strong, and produced three flowers of great substance. The dorsal sepal is two inches broad, cream white, with several red-purple stripes at the sides, which become nearly obsolete towards the centre and apex. The petals are five inches long by #-inch broad, cream yellow tinged with greenish and handsomely blotched with dark brown. The lip is 23 inches long, and light brown in front, while the broadly obovate, very hairy staminode is light yellow. Messrs. Low remark that it is far superior to the other forms that have bloomed, and in their opinion eclipses C. Stonei platytznium. It is certainly a noble form. Flowers of two pretty hybrid Paphiopedilums are sent from the . collection of E. F. Clark, Esq., Chamounix, Teignmouth. They were purchased as small seedlings from the Selly Hill collection, in 1896. The first was recorded as barbatum biflorum X insigne punctato-violaceum, and the dorsal sepal is more flushed with purple and less spotted than in any form of O. x Ashburtone that we remember. The other is recorded as insigne Chantini x Curtisii, and seems to be correct, and thus may be considered as a form of P. X miniatum. A fine flower of the handsome Cymbidium Tracyanum is sent from the collection of R. le Doux, Esq., Marlfield, West Derby, Liverpool, by Mr. Davenport, together with the pretty little Lzlio-cattleya x Amelia, from a five-flowered spike; also another charming little hybrid from Lelia cinnabarina ? and Cattleya amethystoglossa $, with buff orange sepals and petals, and the broad front lobe of the lip purple; and a brilliantly coloured Paphiopedilum of which the parentage is unfortunately unknown. It is much allied to P. x cenanthum, but has more colour, as might be expected from a hybrid between the plant just mentioned and P. barbatum. A fine flower of the natural hybrid Cattleya x Imperator is sent from the collection of R. Tunstill, Esq., Monkholme, Burnley, by Mr. Balmforth. It has retained the strongly three-lobed of C. granulosa, but the bright rose-purple colour and greater size show the influence of C. labiata, the other parent. It was purchased at Mr. Warburton’s sale last October. 374 THE ORCHID REVIEW. An inflorescence of the interesting and pretty Zygonisia X Rolfeana (Aganisia lepida x Zygopetalum maxillare) is sent from the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Bart., Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. Young. It bears six flowers, and most resembles the Zygopetalum parent in shape and colour. Flowers of two Cymbidiums which have just bloomed in the collection of Captain Law-Schofield, Rawtenstall, Manchester, are sent by Mr. Schill, and prove to be C. longifolium and C. elegans, the parents of the natural hybrid C. x Gammieanum noted at page 35r. Several fine Paphiopedilums are sent from the collection of R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell, including the charming yellow P. insigne Ernesti, a pretty light form of P. x Hitchinsiz raised from the preceding crossed with the pollen of P. Charlesworthii, P. Xx Arthurianum, some fine spotted forms of P. insigne, P. i. radiatum, in which the spots are replaced by light brown lines, and two hybrids of somewhat doubtful parentage, whose identity may perhaps be ascertained when they flower again. Lelio-cattleya x Statteriana magnifica is an extremely fine and Tichly coloured variety sent from the collection of Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., by Mr. Mackay, one of the best which we have yet seen. a ee eee NOTES. THE last meeting of the year of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill Hall, Buckingham Gate, Westminster, on December gth, when the Orchid Committee wil] meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold a meeting at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on December 11th. The 30 a.m., and the exhibits are open to A fine dark form of Dendrobium Sanguinolentum is sent from the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking. It is a striking Species, and not often met with in cultivation. An inflorescence of the handsome Cattleya x Fabia var. Lansbergei (C. labiata flammea x C. Dowiana aurea) is sent by Messrs. Linden & Co., Moortebeek, Brussels. It most resembles the latter species in shape, and the former in colour, being of a bright Tose-purple, with a large amount of orange yellow and some golden veining in the throat, in front of which is a very deep crimson area. Itis figured at t. 725 of the Lindenia. THE ORCHID REVIEW. 375 Flowers of the beautiful Cattleya labiata var. Amesiana, to which an Award of Merit was given by the R.H.S. on November 4th, are sent by R. G. Thwaites, Esq., of Streatham, and Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Bush Hill Park. The shape is excellent, and the sepals and petals white, with the beautifully crisped front lobe of the lip of a peculiar shade of lilac- pink. Messrs. Low’s plant had a spike of four flowers, and when exhibited at the Manchester Orchid Society's Meeting on November 6th, it proved quite the centre of attraction, and was unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate. It is named in compliment to Mr. Oakes Ames, North Easton, U.S.A., and the colouring of the lip is almost identical with that of C. Trianz Amesiana, for which Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. received an Award of Merit in March, 1899. A fine and very richly coloured variety of Cattleya labiata, called Frau Louise Karthaus, is sent from the collection of C. F. Karthaus, Esq., of Berlin, through Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. It measures over seven inches across, and the sepals and petals are bright rose-purple, with the front lobe of the lip very dark purple-crimson. The shape is excellent, and it is one of the most richly coloured varieties that we have met with. A flower of the handsome Oncidium x Mantinii superbum, to which an Award of Merit was given by the R.H.S., on November 4th, is sent from the collection of F. Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking. It is a natural hybrid between O. Forbesii and O. Marshallianum, and fairly intermediate between them. Oncidium tigrinum Crookii is a distinct and pretty variéty sent by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Bush Hill Park, in which the markings on the sepals and petals consist of three or four light brown bands, and thus is somewhat intermediate between the type and Reichenbach’s variety albens in which the dark markings had quite vanished, leaving the flower entirely yellow. The plant is now in the collection of T. M. Crook, Esq., Stanley Grange, Hoghton, near Preston. TO OUR READERS. WE may remind our readers that the issue of the present number completes our first ten volumes, and those who have the series complete may find an interest in glancing back to the first number, and noting the progress made, and how far our original programme has been carried out. We intend to commence the new volume with some alterations which we believe will increase the utility of the work, and we invite any suggestions from our readers, and also their co-operation in making the work still more widely known. 376 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ORCHID PORTRAITS. BULBoPHYLLUM ERICSsoNI.—Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxii, pp. 383, 384, fig. 130. CATASETUM QUADRIDENS, RoLFe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7864. CATTLEYA X MAGNEANA.—Le Jardin, 1902, p. 328, with tab. CYMBIDIUM SIMoNsIANUM, KING AND PANnTL.—Bot. Mag., t. 7863, Identical with C. Dayanum, Rchb. f. (See O.R. y. p- 356). CYPRIPEDIUM CHARLESWORTHII.—¥ourn. Hort., 1902, xlv, p. 469, with fig. ; CYPRIPEDIUM xX TRANSVAAL SUPERBUM.—Fourn. Hort., 1902, xlv, p. 445, with fig. ; Gard. Chron., 1902, xxxii, P- 361, fig. 123. DENDROBIUM NOBILE (group at Shipley Hall, Derby).—Gard. Mag., 1902, p. 744, with fig. LA#LIO-CATTLEYA X° BLETCHLEYENSIS FOWLER’s vAR.—Yourn. Hort., 1902, xlv, p. 489, with fig. ODONTOGLOssUM x CRISPO- HARRYANUM DELICATUM.—Fourn. Hort., 1902, xlv, p. 421, with fig. ONCIDIUM X MAanrTINI SUPERBUM.—Gard, Chron., 1902, xxxii, p. 351, fig I19. OO CORRESPONDENCE. (Correspondents not answered here may find veplies to their queries on other pages, and in some cases, for various reasons, they may have to stand over for a future issue. In the case of hybrid seedlings sent for name, the parentage and history should always be briefly stated, for without these etatls we are not always able to deal with them satisfactorily, ) . J. B.C. We do not recognise your Paphiopedilum insigne as a named variety, though the named varieties are almost endless. It is very pretty, the spots on the sepal being small, and almost confined to the lower half, while the ground colour is distinctly yellow. - H. The supposed hybrid from Lelia tenebrosa x Cattleya Bowringiana can hardly be correct ; and the one from Lzhio-cattleya x amanda x C. Dowiana aurea scarcely seems properly developed. It would be well to wait until they flower again. J. R. The seedling from Paphiopedilum Charlesworthii and P. x Dauthieri Ross- anum is good in colour, and very promising, but obviously undeveloped Next season it may show its true character. T.T. Cattleya Bowringiana varies somewhat in colour, and this bluish-purple form has appeared several times before. It forms a pretty contrast with the ordinary form. G. B. Oncidium carthaginense. H.G. A. Rodriguezia decora. Photographs received, with thanks. H. A. J.-B. INDEX. ACINETA BARKERI, 198. Acquired characters, 238. Aéranthes ramosa, 143. Aéranthus ramosus, 143; Vespertilio, 143- Aérides, te i fone Leoniz, 283 ; odoratum. Angrecum eS 198 ; bracteosum, 296; distichum, 277 ; Ko tschyi, 340 ; 5 ped ijt: pellucidum, 300 ; sesquipe- ale Angrzcums, 78. Anguloa Clowesii, 2 oh 285, 289, 300; X dubia, 221; Ruckeri, 300 ; uniflora, 300. Aneectochili, 8, 70. Ancectochilus concinnus, 308 ; Leopoldi, 72 ; Sanderianus, Ansellia africana, 303 ; confusa, 303. Apostasia Wallichii, 4o. Arachnanthe oe 88, 168; (xX Renanthera), 1 Aspasia lunata, 171. BIFRENARIA AURANTIACA, 254. Blinds, bamboo, 27 ; lath roller, 46, 50. Bollea, 358. Bolleo-Chondrorhyncha Xx Freebeliana, 347. Boyle, The Woodlands Orchids, 6 Brassavola, The ae 65; ae 82. lessee aca angu 68 ; Ceboletta, 68 ; cardk ata, 67 ; coon: 68, 265; aidan 69, 265 ; ‘Digbyana, 70, 129, 130, 303, 330; (capsule of), 249: fragrans, 67,68; Gi ibbsiana, 68; glauca, grandiflora, ; ineata, 66 ; i d oan 67 ;_ stricta, 673 subulifolia, 66 ; tuber- pi tis 67 ; venosa, 66. Brassia Lanreonee longissima, 310; ocanensi a. cae 86; xX Lawrencei, 86; X Lindleyano-elegans, 86 ; X Wiganii, 86. Brassocattleya, 83, 129, 130, 336; X a laerensis, 84 ; xX Chamberlainiz, 326; Empress of Hes 9; xX neatonensis sae way 855 sec 5K, O57 0% = , 85; X Hel cote 195, 3413 X Veitchii, 85, 342. Broughtonia sanguinea, 3. Bulbophyllum Sr 284 ;_ Ericssoni, 366 ; Hamelinii, 2 CALANTHE X Dominyi, 294; X Mylami, 294; X Rollisoni, 294; X a ase 366 ; x Veitchii (a reversion of), 80. Calanthes, 79, 185, 315- Calendar of Operations, 20, 46, 77, 121, 154, 185, 197, 250, 277, 314, 344, 370 a atratum, 328 ; fuliginosum, 327 ; 200 ; Naso, 328; ochra- ceum, 3873 capragrr ie o4 328; early 14) trifidum ¢ and ? 199 ; umbro Cattleya, 359; amethystoglossa, 330; 4. Sanderz, 117, 12 ; 8. sulphurea, a a lanta superba, 276; aurea Distinction, 368; a. Memoria Queen rie Henrietta, 309 ; bicolor, 305 ; b. olocheilos, 306; ringiana, : 372, o i no-superba, SATs x Chamberlainiana, 295 rina(X Bras- savola Digbyana), 171; X Clymene, 220 ; r. Hil ; x Cybele, 35; x ayana, Eldorado, 251; X Fabi 348 5 x v Lansbergei, 374; X F. Vigeriana, 367 ; Firefly, 339; Gaskelliana gory Bi sonight, 255; ™ Germania, bout 2 x — burbagensis, og ae Gra Duchess Elizabeth, ft Be > granulosa, ae; g. Dijanceana, 331 ; Grossi, 305, 3093 pallida, 339; guttata Prinzii var. Sanders, x Hardyana, 318; var., 309 ; X I. oculata, 369; X oy 215; labiata, 7, 315 (varieties of), 36; 1. Amesiana, 63, 362, 364, 368, 3755. 1. ceerulea, 364; 1. Frau Louise Karthaus, 1, 33 aroni, maxima, 371; Me 331 i, 233 5 (double), Ho . M. Souvenir de Willia m Bull, 2433 . wisetonensis, 173; X Miss Harris Stanleyi, 183; xX M. H. superba, 214; 7 Cattley; ~ utile var. spectabilis, 272 ; sae i, 211; M. Arnoldiana acre M. A. | Cymbidium Westfield variety, 179; M. ae 1743 | - Emperor, 181; M. in eo Te Dr. Smee, 1 174; M. Reineckeana a5” | 216; M. Tracy’s variety, 212; Parthenia vernalis, 116; xX peckaviensis, | ae Bhat rg BIXAAX Anene MINN Cynorchis hee 364 ; villosa, 255. | Cypripedium ig omrig 147 5 x A. de 307; X A. Dim oezlii Rosalind superba, 1ig= x Rothwellix, 35, 43; Schofieldiana Hessle var., 307 ; Schroeder, 156,181; S. alba, 181; S. Mrs. Henry Ratcliffe, 181 ; speciosissima, 222; superba, 251; rlanz, 371; (abnormal), 120; T. alba Mrs. Edward Sondhei 1; T. Amesiana, 119; 150; T. Mariz, 89; T. Our King, 94; T. Sm miling Morn, 61; T. W. Bass, 118; x Viceroy, 30; Warneri Little’s variety, 212; ee eae 185; x Wavriniana Wigan’s variety, 243; x Wendlandiana, 35, 44; x Winniana, 326; x Zeo, 55. Cattleya, and the beau, 253; Revision of the » 36. genus Cattleya Fly, 128. Cattleyas, 314, 370; autumn-flowering, 346 ; for market, 267. resc 302. Chondrobollea x F reebeliana, 347. Chondrorhyncha Chestertoni, 358. ee ni Shape pas 89; Hookeri, I9I e Clowesia rosea, ate -: eae 216. Ceelogyne tata, 122; pandurata, 310; pulchella, 1 ay; Rossiana, 283 ; Sande ere, iains et Goossens, Dictionnaire de Orchidées, 31, 1 . ae 350. Correspondence, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, 224, 256, 68. 330, 352, 376. Correvonia x bellaerensis, 84. thes, 140, 352, 300 ; eburn 137, Baek flabellatum, 184 ; x Gao 351; X Holmesii, 34e 361; Pambloti. 184; x I’Ansoni, 359 ; Loise- Chauvieri, 193 ; Lowianum ( C. eburn eum) 249; X Lowio-grandiflorum, go, ; ™& Lowio-Mastersianum, 90; Reicttemoal 191; X Mantinii, 343, 361 ; Mastersii, 134; rhodochilum, 193; X Wiganianum, 92. sideiias: ee 193, 227. Cymbidium Argo-Arthurianum, QI; % aureum bes, Pomona, 933 os A. Rogersii, 54; barbatu 111, 218, 219; X belgicum, 28: pelleted 359; X Berkeley: 118; X Berkeleyanum, 90; Boissierianum var. Bungerothii, 73 callosum (x aa rg sae 543 OF C. X coundonensis, 91; Crawshayz, 14; x Crossianum, 324; Curtisii giganteum, 245; X Decia, 275; x Dowlerianum, 91; x pig rye 9, ad 181; z = Conway, 53; yan, sdubaiasenes, i “ " Edithe, 183 216; x Emperor of India, 149, 182; —— 310; xX Edmund Rothwell, 1‘ Euryades w’s 54; splendens, 119; X E. West ‘Point var., 54s Eve . pulchellum, 172; % Godiva, 118; racez, 343; X Harrisio-villosum, Ps Haynaldianum * x Cha mberlainianum), 93; X Helen, 28, 30, 64; x Helena, 64; ke 144; X Ian Hamilton, 2745 bridge Lodge var. 50; Leeanum Albertianum, 28 ; x L. Clinkaberryanum, ari, x Mars, 276; x Mary gf a 3433 x Massaianum superbum, 367; x Menas, 181; x microchilum, 343; Xx ore. a inos Gratrix’s var. 119; X Young’s var., 119; X Mi iss Balfour, 3433 ; INDEX 37 Cypripedium x Miss Lelia Spiele i x Miss Fanny Wilson, 50 ns. de Curte, 543 X Morganiz, ao sepa Mr Mostyn, 92; X Mrs. A. W. Sutton, 51, 183 3 x Mrs. Preston, 277 % - Mrs. W Mostyn, 51; X nanum, 367; Nellie, 342; X Neptine, $10; x Niobe excelsis, 343; Rothechlaianuin ey C. Hookerze Volon- teanum), 256 rubescens Ranjitsingit, 533 Xx Sallieri gente , 144; der lanum, 182 ; Sir George ao 5; X Sirius, 54; X Sophie, 274 Se civiacs. 60 ; x Standard, 341 5 . x Stevensii, S154 5 ‘superbiens, 218; x Thalia, 363; urgoo: taalienwe ey 297 5 Transvaa 1, ; superbum 364 5 x Troilus, x Venus Oakwood var., 52; villo- su athamianum), 114; X Vipani Hessle variety, 148; x W. C. aan ; en, 593 Cypripediums, 257, 269, 346. DENDROBIUM Mi ACS 567; IOI x Ainsworthii, 133 ; amcenum, t19: x azelbourne variety, 148 ; An ndromeda, 93; X Apollo albens, 1813 album, 116, 119; aureum Eichleianun iat a Backhouse, I Bry. anum (as ee. rere theta of), rag 163; x D. nobile nobilius), 153 ; Calcelara 342 x Cassiope, 119; crystallin x x oe A. Os. xX. C. ypheri, 100 ; neta 42, 301; ; & Ehlhsii album, 91 ; x Ethel, 179; Falconeri, 244; fimbria tum, 110; formosum, 359; f. giganteum, ; & Holbrooki, 56; x Holm 150; n majus Symmetry, 131 ; ae — 89, 125; n Wrigleyanum, 131; n. West Point var., 119; hir, x called Phalznopsis, 350; P. hololeucum, 35 rubescens, 343; imuli pulchellum, 301 ; regium, 263; X Rol exe ofponceiee eae roseum, 116; sanguinolentum, 374 ; Seagetier sinh 118 ; speciosum, 9I, 105 ; spectabile, 25 175 Staffordi delicatum, 151; 151; superbum, 231; taurinum, 299; thyrsiflorum, 137; X Wardiano-Hilde- brandii, 177; Wardianum Fowlerianum, 53- Dendrobiums, th 156, 331, 370; for market, 268; Sikkim Diacrium ee sats, 21, Disa grandiflora, 199, se any 179- Disas, 123. Dies Orchidiani, 1, 33, 77, 121, 154, 185, 197, 250, 277, 314, 344, 353- x Luna EMPIRICISM v. Natural Conditions, 2 Epidendrum, 109; centropetalum, 104; ' _—Endresii 104 ; nutans, 108; porphyro- glossum, 330 umil 104; Scho P burgkii, 180; ’serrulatum, 3; vitellinum (x Leelia tenebrosa), 2723; v. autumnale, 3 Epilalia x Charlesworthii, 224; x Sylvia, Epilzlias, Two new, 272. Epiphronitis X Veitchii, 264. Epiphytes, 102, pig 138, 165, 257- Eriopsis biloba, Eulophia dataanieaes. Chauvieri, 193. Eulophiella Elizabeth, 20, 193, 227. Events of 1901, 18. 171; Loise- GALLS ON ORCHIDS, Io. Gardeners’ Chronicle, 108. Ghent International Show, 163. Glceosporium cinctum, 189. Gomesa Barkeri, 51. Gongora viridi-purpurea, 242. Goodyera nuda, 239. poten ge Ellisii, 244. Guano, Coens nudus, 239; recurvus, 239. HABENARIA CARNEA, 341; rhodochila, 213. History of Orchid Cultivation, ae 298. Houlletia slr cammctiooeiad Humus, 2, 97, 104, 257. Hurst, Hybrid Orchids, 13; Mendel’s Law applied to Hybrid os ex 187. ge ohn erage 248; Australia, 247; ents s Paie: Hybridisation, 11, 45, sn prewes in, 291 Hybrid Orchids, 194; and Mendel’s Law of Inheritance, 11, 13, 45, 74, 75, 107, 236, 261, 287, 312; two new natural, 311; false, 154, 190; generic, 130, I Hokies. 226; variation in secondary, 7 380 INDEX. IPSEA SPECIOSA, 89. Isosoma Orchidearum, 1o. Lzlio-cattleya— Chas. Maron, 8s, ae 4 Major-Gen, Baden-Powell, 183; X Mandarin, 270, : ronz, 85; X Martinetii, L&LIA ANCEPS, 78, 251,359; a.Amesiana 245; x M. Coronation, 225 ; x M. Prin Theodora, 27; a. Chamberlainiana, 50; | Arthur, 214; X mollis, 342; X Mrs. a. Hilliana, 50; a. Hol idayana_ Craw- b : S + on) S x = p ° 5 xX Oph x eus, 51 3 x S733. % Clio, ots 56 Coronet, 92, 157; | Philip Stokes, 311; x Phcebe superba, Digbyana, 70, 130; x Digbyan i purata, 85; x D.-p. Edward ViEv 3 X Evelyn, 173; xX Flavina, 147; x Gilberti, 366 ; glauca, | 70 ; grandiflora, 172, 244 ; (at Bridge Hall), | Alexandra, 89, 311, 312; xX Rosalind : Prince g. Q 2. ° Ag Ww — x lac] “ re =} 3 4 w ww _ N s 3 3 5 i= = 3 2) ® a Mt a wn N wn IO — N 0 x a a 2} 5 ° B 00 = x ch » 34 Pearl, 362 ; purpurata, 331; p. Stand Hall 153; X Tyro, 339; x Violecta, 342 ; var., 216; superbiens, 304; tenebrosa, x Wrigleyi, 29; x ylamiana, 307 ; 352 ; t. West Point variety, 215. x Zephyra alba, 173; x (unnamed), 349. Lelio-cattleya x Acis, 220; x Adolphus, wo. 319; Xk A Mpetie, aon. ye i Tee Notes, Hugh Low and Co. v. Appleton, albanensis inversa, 311 ; x Ascania, 157, 203, 225. SI7s351 : x aurelianensis, 312; X Ballii, #665 %¢ Rerthe Fusinies splendens, 92 7 Leaf-mould, 1, 19, 37, 59, 76, 97,123, 19 9 X ;pletchleyensis, 348; x b. Fowlers | 127) 165, 231, 257, 259, 301, 331, 333 334 variety, 340; x Bowringiano-Clive, 342; 353; 357- Soins Broomfield var., 119; | x burbagensis, | Leptolalia, 178 ; x Veitchii, 149, 157, 178. 271; X Canhamiana ashlandense, 215 ; | Leptotes, 178; bicolor, 178. : : ‘ : X C. grandiflora, 123; x C. superba, 44; | Liparis tricallosa, 293. ue: oebling albida, 243; X | Listrostachys bracteosa, 296; forcipata, 72. Taw2.3!25, X Clive Sanderz, 357: | Lycaste amabilis, 119; aromatica, 256; X X Colmanii, 308; x conspicua, 243; x Balliz, 118; brevispatha, 113; candida, Constance Wigan, 325, 339; X Cook- 113; X Charlesworthii, 94, 118 ; crinita, Son, 307; &X devoniensis, 270; x 176; cruenta, 111; gigantea, 132; X 397 ; Digbyano-Mendelii, 84, 129, 130; x hybrida, 309 ; Lawrenceana, 113, 114; Digbyana-Mossiz, 83,84; x Digbyano- leucantha, 113; Micheliana, 176; Ros- : i i siana, 283; Skinneri, 60, 111, 301 ; S. alba 43 _% Dora, i147; x Duchesnei, 320 ; superba, 119 ; S. Hardyana, 182; S. Lady Wigan, meana, 286; X Eva, 341; x Frau MANCHESTER AND NORTH oF ENGLAND Mucia Rossbach, 245; X General Baden- ORCHID SociETy, 28, 54, 92, 118, 150 : 366 ; 181, 67; winners Groganize, 30, 64, 316 ; x G.'S.Ball, 183 ; ofmicin ee ee Hermione, 348; x highburiensis, 156 ; h. Manchester Royal Botanical and Horticul- nobilior, 183; x Hodgkinson, 219, tural Society, 183. 226; Hon. Mrs. Astor, 351; X Horniana, Manure, 165, 166, 167, 195, 258; liquid, 258, 260; Cookson formula, 260. 129, 130; X I. de R. Hessle var., 129; x | Masdevallia x Circe, 147; Echidna, 228; ii erimacea, 228, 229; x _ Fraseri, 215; 38; x Issy : xX Edenside minuta, 135; -Muscosa, 228,. 220;- : vat 275 5 X Lady Miller, 189: x Rushtoni superba, 171; . X ger Wigan, 215; x Lucasiana, 119; x Lucia Veitchiana, 114; Xipheres (and its allies), su 116; xX osa, so $e 228, 229. E lumin - 152 Lutetia, 309; x Mabel, 211; x Madam Masdevallias, 47. INDEX. 381 Maxitlara sierreres 179; longisepala, 343; | Odontoglossum— macrura, 343; ae 171; scurrilis, 213. d Megachaiaa Bufo, Ce aT Prem 194, 209, 215; Mendel kawat i ee ance, 11, 13 45, 64, tie are A o; c. Backhousei, 151 ; 74, 75,1 ey, 188, 236, 239, 261, vege Metmeechillus s oh 209s Microstylis congesta, I Millican, Travels vig ai ates of an Orchi as he Miltonia x I albescens, ay ress. Raed Victoria, 3573 ¥. _cigantes, 213; v. Queen Alexandr, Samachaathas veda. 199, 200 Mormodes luxatum, 299, 336. Murray, Mr. William, 158. Myanthus cernuus, 199, 200 NAMES, 162; correct, 226; plas wom 98; — 129, 130; What's in a Name 161, Natal one > tad 166, 258, 259. ncia 5 ae name, 75; use of the ‘hyphen, 130. Notes on recent research, 48. OAK LEAVES, 333, 33% ei 354, as Obituary. —Alfred St; R. riggs-Bury, 86; Willem Bull, poke ga Faus, 164; H. H. Hunnew ell, 208; H. J. Ross, 282 ; Henry Tate, 86. Odontoglosst m xX Adria I, x A. Barbette, 133 ; X A. Charlemagne, 215 ; x A. Coo 180 ; airrieanum, 148; X y Gladys, 119; X A. memoria Victoria-Regina, 145, 329; X A. Mrs. ert Benson, 116; rs. R. Walker, 181; x A. Sappho, 182; xX A. Siby ; X A. Tsaritza, 181; X A. Victoria-Regina, 3 A. Wellsiana, 119; X Alexandra-Regina, 214 9 een" Andersonianum, 181 ; X A. Jupiter, 63 ; x 119; : “apterum, 1325: ardentissimum, 175, I 195, 209, 227, 240,259; X EEE Ae ae 310, 227, 240, 259; a. eo egesiag 209, 240; X a. concinnum, 210; X a. dulce, 210; X a. venificum, 210; eepcheang 119 ; aspidorhi- num, 275; X bellatulum, moo; =< punctatum, 179; X concinn 75, 209, 210 ; X Coradinei, 255 ; x Crawshayanum, 307 ; crispo-Harryanum ee oe 340 ; crispum, 338, we 235 356 ae Vuylstekeanum), edly e ae 150, 159; c. Ami Charles, 181 ; c. Amy, 245; Bella, 182; c. Blanche bicninniek 276; E Boltoni, 245 ; c. British Queen, 173; ¢. Calypso, 1 aes onation, 119 ; Curiosity, 211; c. Cristopher, 119; c. Dora, 181 ; c. Dorothy, 182 ; c. Edward Rex, 173; c. Emilia, 182 ; c. Em mpress of 16% <. etterbeekensis, 178; ? c. Fairy Footsteps, 178; c ie, 5; c. Francisci, 54; c. giganteum, 54; c. Gladys, 183 ; c. Glory of Brussels, 175 ; ratrixianum, 215 ; guttatum, 182 ; c. heliotropium, 182 ; c. Her Majesty, 214 ; c. Imperator, 151 ; ¢. gave? Regina, 214; c. Irene, 216, c. Joseph Chamber- lain, 245 ; c. Jubilee, 93 ; a “Ring of elle pe: 183; c. La Belle Alfiance, 216; dy Jane, 173,217; c. Lady of the take, 180 c. Luciani, He 212; c. Mabel Whateley, OF, 127:5¢ ame Florent Claes, 335 5 ; jo Bass, 215 i, Oakfield Sunrise, 218 ; c. Pearl, 151 = c. Pittize, 178; c. Polycletus j : . Princess Helen, 214; punctatissimum Prince: Maud, 214; c. paacee Victor, ieee Ci Reedleyense, ag 4 215 ae 236) Duvivierianum burfordiense, 51, 59; 176, 210: m, 109; X d), 3 ii heatonense, 183; H. andra, 178; X Halho-crispum heatonense, 303 ; secundum nulli, ais; x LL. Mrs nobilior, 119 ; X 1. Th purpureum hi Sc engar e 245 5 am, 1345 xX us poesia 1753 x nobilior, 6; pari 53.3 a aio, 384; FP: Charlesworth FP. Kitty y> ihe: r. y0 eldense, 52, 63 P.v virginale, 215 ; praestans, 9; pulchellum majus, 115 ; x Queen Alex- andra, 173, 1953 X Rolfez, 57, 159, 189 ; 382 INDEX. Odontoglossum— X R. Oakwood var. eC possi Gis 1365 R. jdamacolation R. ar. Amesiz, 119 ; x Ruckeranim nage: 116; X deipiedia eee: 367 ; triumphans, 124, 181, 210 ; t. Jupiter, ns t. latisepa- OEE fy t Wilson Uro- : 170 eee 340; X W. Hardyanum, oe X W. Hardy’s variety, 50,62; x Wendland- ianum, 135 ; os ilckeanum, 54; x W. bens, 55; imperatorium, 173 3 : x W. Rothschildianum, 307; X W. Vin ouse var., 93. Odontoglossum culture in Scotland, ot ; house at Usk, 49; hybrid, 119; h. * Odontoglossums, 47, 358 ; at Walton Gis 354, 3553; hybrid, 170; in leaf-mould, 227 ; seedli Ing, 194, 195, 255, 355. pee de. a, 104, centradenia, 104; centro- petala, 104. Oneida -Baueri, 318 ; carthaginense roseum, 171; flex xuosum, 110; Forbesii, Bradshawie, 308 ; insculptum, 359; Kramerianum, 264 ; luteum, Zi; ae ranthum, 198; xX Mantinii, 368 ; superbum, 363, 375 ; Marshallianum, 182 ; oe . © 33 3.88 2: fo] NO Ornithidium m Sophronitis, 50. Orchidaceous Epiphytes, 109. Orchidaceous House at Ealing Park, re Orchid, the first Australian, 106; basket, es yin prises baskets, 38 ; leaf- 290, 293.; Certificated, 2 Bs 188, 194, 225, oF 3535 Collection of Mr. Barker, 303; Rev. J. Clowes, 304; c. of Ca apt. i . Or. why popular, 2 290, 291 ; watering, 46, 303, 345» 353, 3703 wintering, 345- Overheard at the Drill Hall, 336. PANGENESIS, 312 9 8 te x A. de Be “We Allanianum, 62; Argus, (X Roths- duldinnen’. 263; os aureum, 403 bicbariie a tx — 1243; X — 94; urbagense, 220; callo (twin- ok Bey x Calypso (x bellanilee, ustum), 124 ; X Vanneri, 316 ; X variabile, 38, 39; X bes 241, 283; X Wottoni, thus, 56. 3133 Paphiopedilum hvbrid. 159; seedlings, 262. air tere tee as winter-blooming plants, 23; twin-flowered, 178 Peat, 2, 165, 66: pars 352, 354- Peristeria elata, 59; Humboldti, 299; 28 Polcatuhaiies x bella, 347. Pescatorea Klabochorum, 358. Phaiocalanthe x Rub Phaio-Cymbidium x chardwarense, 117, 190 Phaius fragrans, 5; X Phoebe superbus, ©; X Ruby, 180; simulans, 48; tuber- Phalznopsis, 121, 358, 371 ; Maria, 216; nderiana, 216; S. Wigan’s var., 172 3 358. Photography in colour, 142, 321; photo- grap 21. Phragmipedilum x calurum, 237; cardinale, 237 ; caudatum, 184; X edeni, 237. Pleiones, 346, 371. Pollen, mixed, 264. Polystachya zambesiaca, 171. Pseudo-epiphytes, 102, 104. INDEX. 383 PORTRAITS — ape bilobum, 32 ; Eichlerianum, 63 ; umoneum, sesquipedale, 6 a _RnGuLon Clowesii, 256—BR ASSOLEL IA X Helen, 192— - BOPYLLUM Ericssoni, 376— CALANTHE Nivea, 223; xX es lata per fecta, 159; Lueddemanniana falta: x Magneana, 376; X Maroni > x memoria de 159; Mendelii 350) : mollis Loi 64, < Niobe. cc wiabonta 32; X Portia Rothweli, 32; Triane memoria Linden Wavriniana Wigan’s var. ,288—C@:LOGYNE cristata, 320; BIDUM X _ Lowio-Mastersii, 127; rhodo- aleskianum, oo engine 329 ; villosa, 256—CyPRI- A. mock, 127 ‘i Brunhild, 192; callosum S andere, 223 ; amberlain- ianum, 63 ; harlesworthii, 376; Edmund ona ag 127 ; mperor of India, 192, 224, 256, 320; exul, 159: x Glonerianum, 63 ; ssum, 159 ; Hayna ldianum, : elena, 32; H ; ae x piles Frau Geheimrat Borsig, 288; am- ianum imperia x Ldbuiddpatens: 986+. x pester Cambridge Lodge Leean var, 66 2 eanum Alexandre, 224; X ; wey Ss. Alfred Fowler, 32; X Mrs. F. Hardy, i Mostyn, 96, 160; Olenus, 192 ; X purum, 1 59 3 : Rothschild anim, 256, 320; xX Sal yeanum, Lowii. 63 ; uobile, 976; n. geome 320 ; n. Cooksonianum, ideum, 320; Phalenopsis bisaecie,. 1593 mie i 224; gona 128; taurinum ardian var. fascinator. 192, ‘ dee fi 160~Disa A X langleye ensis, 160 x Luna, 224; X Veitchii, 160—EPI R ae Cuco, 351; Endresii, pros Lindleyanum, 6g AMMATOPHYLLUM speciosum, 192 — HABENARIA M Portraits— Omeu, 64—L#LI0O-CATTLEYA X Adolphus superba, 288, 352; ™X _ Aleschiana, 043 Xx Aphrodite King —. a tee oa ap ho b. superbum, 376; X rulildniee “88; x Canhamiana alba, 2 288 ; x Choletiana, 320 x Queen as. dag 128, 192, 224— seaiia 352 — cians x Mrs. R. ig 160; X sp Sybil, 2 24; x A. tigrinum, 352; X ardentissimum, 56 i num delicatum, 376 ; crispum ardentissimum, 224, 256; c. Lady Jane, 128, 224, 256; c. La Veine, 64; c. Luciani, 352; c- memoria Bulli, 224; c. Miss Lucienne Linden, 192; c pay Albert, 352 ; c. Raymond Crawshay, eine Emma, 352; McVittie, 192; c- President bate 52; X Edward Rex, 224 Forbesii atratum, 224; X Mantinii super- ; _varicosum pre inviesie 8; HIS longibracteata, 224—PBRISTERIA shies, 32 ! psis amabilis Rimestadtiana, 352; Schilleams 64 — RENANTHERA TRICHOPILIA suavis candida, 352—-VANDA Kimballiana, 224; Parishii, 160; Sand- eriana, 160; teres candid Nios COLAX X Wiganianus oe 128, 160 —ZYGONISIA X Rolfeana, i ace 2¥cope. TALUM Schroederianum, 192 ; a. Hill rosefieldensis, 12 Hollidayana Cra yana, 160; crispa superba, 256; igbyana (Xx eya | READERS, To our, 2 2 37 Schroederz), 160; igbyano-purpura Records, 291 ; doubtful, 291. Edward VIL. x Edward VII.,224; | Restrepia antennifera, 350; maculata, 350. x exoniensis, 64; grandis tenebrosa | Roots, zrial, 103. Rayon d'or, 352; g. t. superbiens, 352 ; | Ross, Henry eer 335; Ross, Letters grescens, 320; X cai the Eas x Latona, 192; X ni * 384 Royal Horticultural Society, 26, 50, 89, Ries 145, 178, 211, 242, 274, 307, 338, 362; collection of paintings, 182 ; Horticultural all, 127; Journal, 187; Orchid Com mittee, 87. SACCOLABIUM ey sateen 296. —— & a 5, 95: ni, 202; poh 203. eds, germination of, 103, 126. eee, i ay, 2 Selen m xX Hylas, 147. Shastiies, ey Sievkingia fimbriata, 325 ; Jenmani, 325 ; ; Reichenbachiana, 325 ; suavis, 325. Slugs, 372. rant i oe to wigan 198. Sobralia x Wiganiz, ober ~~ Chaiberiainiana 245; 45 Hardyana, 2 Sophrolelia x Eros, A x heatonensis, 311, ae x leeta Orpeti jana, 116; x Psyche, 55. <—e var., Eros, 339- Sophronitis 3 33, ay one Vieillardi (X Kimballiana), Specific characters, 188. Specimen plants, 289, 290. Sprayer, 334. Sphagnum moss, 2, 76, 97, 108, 112, first of, 112. prea tein 252. INDEX. — longifolia Colesborne variety, 41. MPLE paws 161, 171. Parte T 85. Top-dressing, 167, 260. Trichopilia laxa, 172 ; rostrata, 172. UNIT- hpkepclg a. » 238, 287. Use or ornament ? 184. im- baéliana, 362 ; ’Parishii Marviottari 283 ; parv iflora, 196 ; Roxburghii, 247 ; Sander- lana, 216, 278; s. roseo-alba, 26 ; teres, 155, age Vanda s, 78. Vanilla ‘culture i in Bengal, 191 ; in Australia, 248; Java Vanilla, 2 Vanilla Giulianet 61 ; : planifolia, 191, 248. Varieties Wilkins a novel method of, 303. ZYGOCOLAX X “ponies! 7; X Wigan- ianum, 108; giganteum), 191; Perren adi ‘Goal Rhodes, 146; x Roeblingianum, 220; rostratum, 172. = LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. PAGE. Arachnanthe moschifera - . 88 Brassa vola_c cu a *. 265 it (capsule of) - 249 Brassolzelia xX Hel - 169 is bicolor “5 aon x Germania a burbagensis - 297 » Grossii - - 305 i. x Iris oculata - - - 369 - Mantinii - +. 937 » Mendelii - - - . 233 Trianze abnormal - - * 120 Cymbidium ebur - 0 a9 . 61 Cyppediom x Pk Rothwell - a Hooker - 144 X Sallieri Hyeanum - 144 Dendrobium speciosum - - 105 = e . 17 Lalio-cattleya Nee luminosa - = £63 Lycaste brevispath = 4ckks oe a Empress Au ta Frontispiece R. W. SIMPSON AND Co., LTD., PAGE. Odontoglossum house at Usk - a, 49 ” x pebnag b La agedne i 329 » x armainvilierense ardentissimum 209 ” chiriquense - - 7 ” citrosmum album-~—s_ - I ” sis ier grown in leat a ” acorn baay, Jane - 217 ” = 9 ” x Rolfez id = 37 re Rossii Mie Rossii immaculatum - 73 Paphiopeditum callosum with twin- flowere ~ scape - 7 ” x Le eeanu 25 ” rad Minos can Youngii pe ari S Venetia - - 24! Vanda’ ‘teres, ce fio: 2 eee RICHMOND AND BARNES. MURRAY’S PATENT. ORCHID STAND. destructive the fungoid growth arising from stagnant air. Effectually prevents Facilitates the easy distribution of water and air around the plants. Isolates each plant and renders it less liable to be attacked by insect pests. Is the first clean, effectual, and practically indestructible article ever offered for the purpose cf the necessary raising of the plants above the staging to ensure a free circulation of air, Invented and patented by William Murray, late Gardener to Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam. Price List containing full information The United Wire Works, Wtod., TRAFALGAR WIRE WORKS, NEWCASTLE-ON-TYNE. IMPORTANT. SPECIAL NOTICE, CHANGE OF ADDRESS. _ A. J. KEELING, Gs to announce that e has now completed the business “from water ag ee GRANGE NURSERIES, Westgate Hill, nr. Bradford, Yorks. (Telegrams and Station: BIRKE NSHAW. G.N. Ry.) es of New Range 7 Orchid Houses cordially invite Electric Cars from Bradford = cena 4 chia walk from H. A. BURBERRY'S system of personally Giving Ad- vice and Demonstrating Methods of Orchid Cultivation insures suc- cess and satisfaction. One gentleman says: ‘‘I consider your visit has been worth £100 to me.” All desirous of having the benefit of his long experience in matters affecting the welfare of their Orchids, should communicate with him, and he will be glad to wait on them in the vicinity, at a very small fee. H. A. B. attends Orchid Sales, and will be pleased to receive com- missions to buy for those who cannot attend. ADDRESS : Ethel monvk King’s Heath, BIRMINGHAM. SAN DER’S ORCHID GUIDE CONTAINING ALL THE BEST KNOWN SPECIES AND VARIETIES OF ORCHIDS IN CULTIVATION. 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