ORCHID REVIEW An Zllustrated Wlonithly Journal DEVOTED T0; OREHIDOLOGY Epitep By R, ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. VOLUME XXII. 1914. W KEW: FRANK LESLIE & CO., 12, LAWN CRESCENT. LONDON AGENTS: MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C. [All rights reserved), Yo — : TO Sik JEREMIAH COLMAN, Bart., V.M.H., VICE-CHAIRMAN OF THE ORCHID COMMITTEE OF THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, ONE OF OUR MOST ENTHUSIASTIC AMATEURS AND MOST SUCCESSFUL RAISERS OF HYBRID ORCHIDS, THIS TWENTY-SECOND VOLUME OF THE “ORCHID REVIEW.” IS CORDIALLY DEDICATED. Kew, December, 1914. WO =p or L : \. t, 7 ‘ ee at? yee A VoL. XXIL JANUARY, 1914. No, 253, ; EASERRAIHHHHAHIdNdFAGAAAMHFTFJPsdGBWBP@i'iMAatkTiKskuVe=EeL MSSEBISNS w Edited by R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. | CONTENTS: PAGE PAGE —* Collection ... Aa 23, 20) Presentation of Orchids to Kew wers to Co ecioudeats ie 32 | Societies 2 Brasciveln Digbyana and its hybrids: 5 Madcheres and N orth of England 3 Calendar of Seguoinae for eas Ta 38 soe id aa 27 Events of 1913 ... re Paes Te yal Horticultural .. We Ne | ; Miltonia vexillaria ee ae “oe Staats pulchra ... eee eu BF brids has sos: ee 4 Calanthe kew a ee ILLUSTRATIONS. : Spathoglottis ‘caneanis ie ». 30} Brassavola Digbyana me 3 Obituary + 5 | Brassavola Digbyana, capsule ‘of ive 10 Sos Trevor Lawrence, Bart. .. 8 | Brassocattleya Cliftonii gas sm 1G r. A. R. Wallace, F.R.S. .. 5 | Brassocattleya Hyen af iia aes 18 Orchid Not tes and News ne .-- 31 | Brassocattleya Leemann “ag ie Orchid Portraits a «es “ss. 32 | Brassocattleya Maro: 12 Orchid seeped ee aoe -.. 32 |} Brassocattleya matiagioem 16 { Orchids ins — ae ... 31 | Brassocattleya Veitchii, Holford’s var. II Phslenewas Pisdents es ee --- 21 | BrassoleliaHelen ... oon Ul KEW: FRANK LESLIE & Co., 12, LAWN CRESCENT, London Agents: MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47, Paternoster Row, E.C. | Price SIXPENCE MONTHLY. Post FREE, 7/- PER ANNUM ( overieat, ) q L ee {All rights reserved.} eo ar bi | ae , ——— a i, ei NOTICES The ORCHID REVIEW is published regularly at the — of each month, price 6d. vid Annual Sha eee post free, 7/-, payable in adva : Volumes I, to XXI. can be supplied unbound at 6/-, or bead in ‘bth: 7/6, postage extra. = Ctst of postage: book gd. per volume; parcel post within the United Kingdom only, 5d. per single volume (series by weight). o cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free throughout the postal union. The ORCHID STUD-BOOK. By R. A. Rolfe and C. C. Hurst. By Parcel . Post, 7/1t. Abroad, by Book Post, 8/3. All pea ne Advertisements, Gorunguications and Books for review, should be addressed :—The Editor of the Orchid Review, Lawn Crescent, Kew. Cheques and Postal Orders (sent as above) should be made payable to FRANK Lesiiz & €o., and, to ensure safety in transit, should be crossed ‘‘ & Co. Agents for copies supplied through the Trade— MARSHALL BROTHERS, Ltd., 47, ParERNosteR Row, Lonpon, E.C. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. & s. a. Five bias ep under in column., A ee 2 Half column or quarter = Oo 1S O Perl fte i Oro Se One column or half pag Pi ie ae 8 Sns-atgnin eco sate mn.,, in OO ee OD Whole page .. ik Peay” Was 2 ea 8 Quarter column or eighth page ah Bear ae. Sg The Editor invites communications on interesting subjects (which should be written on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of rarities. Advertisements and late news should be received not later than the 24th of the month. CHARLESWORTH & Go., ORCHID RAISERS, GROWERS, IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS, HAYWARDS HEATH, SUSSEX, Invite their Patrons and Friends to pay them a visit ot inspection at their New Establishment, —_——————_where may be seen the Finest Trade Collection of Orchids In Europe. A Conveyance will be at the Railway Station to meet Visitors, upon notification being kindly given. CONTINENTAL BrancH-RUE GERARD, BRUSSELS. Telephone No. 50 Haywards Heath. Telegrams :—Charlesworths,” Haywards Heatt. Please Address—Cuar_esworth & Co,, Haywards Heath, Sussex, eas 2, 2% The Orchid Review “ £0), Vou XXIL. January, 1914. eae oO Beige EVENTS OF 1913. ears) HE march of time brings us to the eve of another year, and the period of our annual survey. The past year has witnessed a number of interesting events, and among them another great Quinquennial Show at Ghent, in April, which occupied a new site, in connection with the International Exhibition, and was followed by two later Shows, at all of which Orchids were exhibited in splendid condition, affording evidence of the growing popularity of these beautiful plants on the Continent as well asin England. The great Spring Show of the R.H.S., so long associated with the Temple, and suspended last year on account of the Royal International Horticultural Exhibition, was held at the Royal Hospital, Chelsea, at the end of May, and so far as Orchids were concerned almost rivalled its predecessor in brilliance, while the Summer Show, held six weeks later at Holland House, also produced a good display. The fortnightly meetings of the R.H.S. and of the Manchester Orchid Society have also been very successful. CERTIFICATED ORCHIDS. The number of Certificates given by the R.H.S. Orchid Committee is about the same as last year, though varying in detail, chiefly owing to the higher standard now exacted for the First-class Certificate. These numbered thirty-six last year against fifty-four in 1912, while the Awards of Merit were 105, showing a scarcely appreciable increase. The Cultural Commendations, always a test of excellence, were nearly twice as. numerous, or thirty-three instead of eighteen. An analysis of the plants: to which First-class Certificates were awarded shows eight Odonto- glossums, six Cattleyas, Brassocattleya and Lzeeliocattleya five each, Cymbidium three, Miltonia and Odontioda two, while Brassocatlzlia, Dendrobium, Cypripedium, Miltonioda, and Odontonia each claimed a single one. Of these twenty-seven were hybrids and only nine species. In the case of Awards of Merit Odontoglossum again heads the list, with twenty, followed by Cattleya with seventeen, Leliocattleya fifteen, 2 2 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1914. Cypripedium twelve, and Odontioda eleven. Then come Oncidioda and Odontonia, with four and three respectively, and a list of seventeen genera with one or two each. Here again the hybrids vastly outnumber the species, the proportions being as great as 88 to 17, a fact of. vast significance. HYBRIDs. The new hybrids of the year include so many interesting and striking things that the mention of a few of the more distinct must suffice for the present. Leliocattleya Freak is a remarkable hybrid from Cattleya citrina and Lelia purpurata. Brassocattleya The Baroness is a charming blush white, and Brassocatlelia an equally beautiful yellow novelty. Odontonia - has received such fine additions as O. brugensis, McNabiana, Cybele, Farnesiana, Longowoyi, and Cholletii, the latter figured at p. 177 of our last volume, where figures of the handsome Odontoglossum Elfrida, Miltonia Sander and M. Charlesworthii may also be found, while Oncidioda Bella, Miltonioda Cooperi, and several promising Odontiodas are noteworthy additions. SPECIES. Apart from hybrids the novelties of the year were not numerous, but include the brilliant Habenaria Rcebelenii, a near ally of H. militaris, Maxillaria Fletcheri, a fine Peruvian species, Cycnoches Cooperi and C. Forgetii, two interesting Peruvian novelties, Oncidium bidentatum, from Ecuador, and several other interesting botanical species which have flowered in various collections. Losses DuRING THE YEAR include the following, all well-known in connection with Orchidology : Gustave H. Miiller-Abeken, William Holmes, William Bull, Adolphus H. Kent, John Snow Moss, Dr. Alfred Russell Wallace, and Sir Trevor Lawrence, the Obituary notices of the two latter appearing in our present issue. We also regret to hear of the death of Mr. Pandeli Ralli on December 28th. THE CominGc YEAR opens with plenty of promise, and we may confidently anticipate a series of successful meetings and exhibitions, for which the materials were never more plentiful, while the coming registration of hybrids by the Royal Horticultural Society, of which particulars were given in our last issue, will enable the ever-increasing number of these plants to be dealt with on a more satisfactory basis than was formerly possible. Another event awaited with great interest is the opening of the Reichenbachian Herbarium, which has been sealed tothe world fora period of twenty-five years by the eccentric — Professor. We will not anticipate further, but will conclude by wishing our readers A HAPPY NEW YEAR, and increased success with their collections. JANUARY, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3 ie HIS extremely beautiful Orchid is not always to be found growing to perfection in amateur’s collections, and considering its remarkable * floriferousness and free-growing qualities, it seems a pity that its culture is not more extended. Those who frequent the fortnightly shows at the Royal Horticultural Hall, or who may glance at the superb plant of M. vexillaria var. Snowflake figured at vol. xx. page 209 of the Orchid Review, ‘cannot fail to be greatly impressed by the wonderful decorative effect produced, and the following outline of its culture may be found useful. The coolest end of the Cattleya house or warm greenhouse must be set apart for the accommodation of the species, standing each plant on an inverted pot, and leaving much space between to allow of a free circulation of air. The following average temperatures should be maintained :— Spring: 60° to 70° Fahr. Summer: 60° to 80° Fahr., this latter only with sun heat. Autumn: 60° to 70° Fahr. Winter : 53° to 60° Fahr. It will be found best to detail the culture month by month :— JaNuary.—During this month the plants should be in active growth, and should receive much water; they should, however, be allowed to get fairly dry between each application. These beautiful Orchids are much subject to thrip, and on the first appearance of this pest, fumigation must MILTONIA VEXILLARIA. be resorted to. FEeBRUARY.—If the climatic conditions allow, more air and _ propor- tionately more water may now be afforded. Damping down daily is usually necessary. The plants should be growing at their best this month. Marcu.—If the young roots are ready to push from the new growths it will be advisable to repot, and better results are obtained where this operation is performed annually. Much care is needed, and all newly- potted plants should be kept drier and shaded. I find the following compost gives the best results, a mixture of polypodium and osmunda fibres with green sphagnum moss, and a sprinkling of half-decayed oak leaves rubbed through a sieve. ApRiIL.—More water can now be given, and damping between the pots must be done in the morning and again in the evening. Shading will now become necessary, and should be lowered when the sun is shining on the glass. May and JunE.—The flower-spikes will now be pushing, and a slightly drier atmosphere is necessary. More shade will be needed, and the plants -will usually be found to require a dose of water daily. Any flower-spikes 4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, I1QI4- entrapped within the leaves must be liberated, and weekly fumigation to check the ravages of thrip is advisable. JuLy and Aucust.—Heavy shading is needed during this and the follow- ing month, and as the plants pass out of flower the supply of water should be decreased, allowing them to rest for as long as possible. A good dose of water once every three days will be usually sufficient. The atmosphere should, however, be kept always well charged with moisture. Any plants which were not potted in the spring should receive attention. They must not be potted too hard, and will benefit from a spray overhead daily. SEPTEMBER.—It is still not too iate to re-pot any plants if necessary. Be careful not to place them in receptacles that are too large, or serious harm will result. Shading can now be dispensed with, and more air given. OcToBER to DEcEMBER.—Place the plants on a shelf near the roof glass, where they can receive the maximum amount of light. Syringing can be done once daily when the weather is propitious, but water the plants with care. If overwatered they lose their leaves and young roots and take long to recover. If the tips of the leaves turn black it is a sure sign that too much water is being afforded. M. Bleuana is a beautiful hybrid raised by crossing M. vexillaria and M. Roezlii, and there are now secondary hybrids raised by recrossing M. Bleuana with both the original parents. They will succeed under the same treatment as M. vexillaria, but like a rather warmer corner of the house, a character inherited from the heat-loving M. Roezilii. C. ALWYN HARRISON. PRESENTATION OF ORCHIDS TO KEw.—The Kew Bulletin records that the collection of Orchids has been enriched by the presentation of a valuable collection of healthy, well-grown plants by Mrs. Sheppee, of Holly Spring, Bracknell. These Orchids represent a portion of the collection formed by the late Colonel Sheppee, an Orchid enthusiast of | no mean order. Upwards of 260 plants have been received, many of them being handsome specimens, and among the rarer species there are some which were not represented at Kew. Of the more interesting of these may be mentioned Dendrobium sanguinolentum var. album, Zygosepalum rostratum and Arundina bambusefolia. The collection includes twenty- six species of Dendrobium and a number of the best hybrids. The specimens of Angraecum eburneum, A. Leonis, A. sesquipedale, Peristeria elata, and Vanda Sanderiana, and a fine healthy specimen of Cyrtopodium punctatum are particularly worthy of notice. Other genera represented in the collection by one or more species are Masdevallia, Miltonia, Lycaste, Thunia, Zygopetalum, Anguloa, Catasetum, Ccelogyne, Cattleya, Lelia, Phalenopsis, and Trichopilia. January, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 5 Rises OBITUARY. | Ra R. ALFRED RUSSELL WALLACE, O.M., F.R.S.—A great naturalist of the Victorian era, whose name is indissolubly linked with that of Charles Darwin in the discovery of the great law of natural selection, passed away at his residence, Broadstone, near Bournemouth, on Friday, November 7th, in his g1st year. On July rst, 1858, a joint paper by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace was read at a meeting of the Linnean Society, entitled, ‘‘On the tendency of Species to form Varieties, and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection.” That paper has revolutionised every branch of Natural History. The circumstances were briefly asfollows. In the previous February, Wallace wrote, from Ternate, a long letter to Darwin explaining views which had suddenly occurred to him when lying ill with intermittent fever, and which he summarised in a final phrase as follows :— There is a tendency in nature to the continued progression of certain classes of varieties further and further from the original type—a progression to which there appears no reason to assign any definite limits. This progression, by minute steps, in various directions, but always checked and balanced by the necessary conditions, subject to which alone existence can be preserved, may, it is believed, be followed out so as to agree with all the phenomena presented by organised beings, their extinction and succession in. past ages, and all the extraordinary modifications of form, instinct, and habits which they exhibit. This letter came as a “ bolt from the blue,” for Darwin had long been preparing a work on the origin of species, as the result of observations made during the voyage of the “‘ Beagle.” This was known to Sir Charles Lyell and Dr. Hooker, and Darwin was now urged to publish an extract. To this he acceded, remarking, ‘‘ I have more especially been induced to do this, as Mr. Wallace, who is now studying the natural history of the Malayan Archipelago, has arrived at almost exactly the same conclusions that I have on the origin of species.” To both these great naturalists the idea came as the result of observations on the character and distribution of wild life within the tropics. Wallace spent four years, from 1848 to 1852, in South America, in company with the naturalist Bates, and on his return he published an entertaining Narrative of Travels on the Amazon and Rio Negro. The work contains little about Orchids, though the following extract shows how they The locality was Rio Jeronymo, on the Rio came under his observant eye. Negro, and he remarks :— In a little patch of open bushy campo, which occurs about a mile from the village, I was delighted to find abundance of Orchids. I had never seen so many collected in one place ; it was a complete natural Orchid-house. In an hour’s ramble I noticed 6 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 19140” about thirty different species—some, minute plants scarcely larger than mosses, and one large semi-terrestrial species, which grew in clumps, eight or ten. feet high. There were but few in flower, and most of them were very small, though pretty. One day, however, I was much delighted to come suddenly upon a magnificent flower :. growing out of a rotten stem of a tree, just level with my eye, was a bunch of five or six blossoms, which were three inches in diameter, nearly round, and varying from a pale delicate straw-colour to a rich deep yellow on the basal portion of the labellum.. How exquisitely beautiful did it appear in that wild, sandy, barren spot. A day or two afterwards I found another handsome species, the flowers of which, unlike most. of the family, were of very short duration, opening in the morning and lasting but a single day- The sight of these determined me to try and send some to England, as- from such a distant and unexplored locality there would probably be many new species. I accordingly began bringing a few home every day, and packing them in empty farinha-baskets, placing them under a rough stage, with some plantain-leaves to defend them from the heat of the sun, till we should be ready to embark. I was: rather doubtful of the result, as they could not arrive in England before the winter, which -night be injurious ; but on my next voyage I looked forward to bringing a large collection of these beautiful and interesting plants, as they would then arrive in: a good season of the year. The subsequent history of these plants was tragic, for the ship by which Wallace returned was burned at sea, with his entire natural history collections, and the author reached England after spending several days in an open boat, which narrowly escaped being swamped during a storm. The ‘‘next voyage” was not to South America, but to the Malay Archipelago, from 1854 to 1862, and his eight years’ travels there are described in his Malay Archipelago, a work in two volumes published in 1869. Here again we find a few references to Orchids. When staying in Sarawak he visited a level, forest-covered swamp, and remarks :— During my first walk . . I - . noticed some very handsome Orchids in flower, of the genus ilegvne, a group which I afterwards found very abundant, and characteristic of the district. “In speaking of Borneo generally he observes :— | The interesting group of Orchids is very span dant but, as is generally the case,. nine-tenths of the species have small and inconspicuous flowers. Among the exceptions are the fine Ccelogynes, whose large clusters of yellow flowers ornament the gloomiest forests, and that most extraordinary plant, Vanda Lowii, which last is particularly abundant near some hot springs at the foot of the Peninjauh Mountain. It grows on the lower branches of trees, and its strange pendant flower-spikes often hang down, so as to almost touch the ground. These are generally six or eight feet long, bearing large and handsome flowers three inches across, and varying in colour from orange to red, with deep purple-red spots. I measured one spike, which reached the extraordinary length of nine feet eight inches, and bore thirty-six flowers spirally arranged upon a slender thread-like stalk. Specimens grown in our English hot-house have produced flower-spikes of equal length, and with a much larger number of blossoms. Wallace’s writings include éctersinitg volumes on Tropical Nature and January, 1913.} THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7 Island Life. From the latter we extract the following concerning the distribution of Orchids and their abundance in the Tropics :— Their usually minute and abundant seeds would be as easily carried as the spores of ferns, and their frequent epiphytic habit affords them an endless variety of stations on which to vegetate, and at the same time removes them in a great measure from the competition of other plants. When, therefore, the climate is sufficiently moist and equable, and there is a luxuriant forest vegetation, we may expect to find Orchids plentiful on such tropical islands as possess an abundance of insects adapted to fertilise them, and which are not too far removed from other lands or continents from which their seeds might be conveyed. Many of Wallace’s writings lie outside our sphere, but we must add our tribute of recognition to his share in establishing the great principle of evolution by means of natural selection. In conclusion, we may briefly refer to the Darwin-Wallace celebration held on July 1st, 1908, at which the surviving author gave an interesting account of the circumstances which led them independently to the same discovery (O.R., xvi. pp. 225-228)—a discovery which throws a flood of light on the marvellous adaptations seen among Orchids. In an Obituary notice in Nature it is remarked that Wallace as an old man was impatient of the recent work which centres round Mendelism and mutations. To this Prof. E. B. Poulton very well replies that with regard to Mendelism he felt, as many far younger men feel, that it is both interesting and important, but that from the first it has been put in a wrong light, and erroneously used as a weapon of attack upon other subjects to which it is not in any way antagonistic. And respecting mutation Wallace himself wrote: ‘‘ Mutation asa theory is obsolutely nothing new—only the assertion that new species originate always in sports—for which the evidence adduced is the most meagre and inconclusive of any ever set forth with such pretentious claims!” He was a firm believer in natural selection as the motive cause of evolution, and once remarked that Darwinism actually does explain whole fields of phenomena that Mutationists do not attempt to deal with or even to approach. His death severs the last link with the great evolutionary writers of the mid-nineteenth century— the men who transformed the thought of the world—but his memory is immortal. a Sir Trevor LAWRENCE, Bart., K.C.V.O., V.M.H.—It is with the deepest regret that we have to record the death, on Tuesday, December 23rd last, of Sir James John Trevor Lawrence, Bart., of Burford Lodge, Dorking, a week before his 82nd birthday. He was born on December 3oth, 1831, and was the only surviving son of the first Baronet, Sir William Lawrence, F.R.S., Sergeant-Surgeon to Queen Victoria. He was educated at Winchester, and studied medicine at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital, afterwards serving from 1853 to 1863 in the Indian Medical Service, which ‘8 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 1914. covered the period of the Mutiny. He was a member of Parliament from 1875 to 1892, first for Mid-Surrey and afterwards for Reigate. Sir Trevor, who had long been a member of the Council, was elected President of the Royal Horticultural Society in February, 1885, on the retirement of Lord Aberdare, and ably presided over the deliberations of the Orchid Conference in the following May. He piloted the Society through some of its stormiest days, and had the satisfaction of seeing it grow until its fellowship reached over 13,000. Sir Trevor, to whom the fellows owes a debt of gratitude, retired from the Presidency in March last, “when advancing years and enfeebled’ health were ‘telling upon him. He “was succeeded by Field Marshal the Right. Hon. Lord Grenfell. | Always a profound lover of gardens and gardening, Sir Trevor was specially a lover of Orchids, a taste inherited from his mother, Mrs. Lawrence, of Ealing Park, who was one of the most successful Orchid growers of her day. Indeed Sir Trevor may be said to have grown up among Orchids. He~ possessed an intimate knowledge of © their characteristics and culture, and his collection was one of the finest in existence, comprising, it is estimated, some three thousand species, varieties, and hybrids. Several accounts of it have been given in our pages, and it may be added that his portrait was given at page 49 of our nineteenth volume, and that the previous volume was dedicated to him. ‘Several noteworthy Orchids have been named after Sir Trevor, ‘including Cypripedium Lawrenceanum—dedicated to him by Reichenbach “as eatly as 1878—Cattleya Lawrenceana, Mormodes Lawrenceanum, and ‘the remarkable genus Trevoria, figured at page 297 of our eighteenth ‘volume, where its history may be found. His memory willalso be preserved “by the Lawrence Medal, instituted in his honour, and by a fine painting which hangs in the Council Chamber of the Royal Horticultural Hall. Sir Trevor leaves a widow, three sons, and one daughter, to whom we tender our deepest sympathy. The’ funeral took place at St. Michael’s, -Mickleham, on Saturday, December 27th, among those present being Lady Lawrence, Sir William Lawrence, Bart., and his wife, and other members of the family, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Lt.-Col. Sir David Prain, Sir Albert K. Rollitt, Prof. W. Bateson, and many others. By special request ‘no floral offerings were sent,-and the only emblem on the coffin was a ‘tasteful cross of Calanthes, Epiphyllums, and white Lapageria made by Lady Lawrence. A Memorial Service was held at Holy Trinity Church, Kensington Gore, on the same day, when the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society was represented by Baron Bruno Schréder, Sir George L. Holford, Sir Harry J. Veitch, Sir Daniel Morris, Messrs. W. A. Bilney, E. A. Bowles, H. B. May, Arthur W. Sutton, and the Rev. W. Wilks, Secretary, with many other horticultural friends. JANUARY, I914.] THE: ORCHID REVIEW. 9 BRASSAVOLA DIGBYANA AND ITS HYBRIDS. HE subject of the present illustration is one of the most remarkable Orchids in cultivation, and its most striking characteristic once invoked the question, ‘‘ Why does the lip ravel out into a massive fringe, Fic. 1. BRASSAVOLA DIGBYANA (see p. I5). Photo by C. P. Rafill. branched and interlacing, nearly an inch wide?” The answer 1s not yet forthcoming, but in all probability has some direct connection with the fertilising insect, about which nothing is known. The possibilities of cucullata and 10 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (January, 1y14- such a lip naturally appealed to the hybridist, and the attempt to combine it with the brilliant colour of some of the popular Cattleyas and allies has originated a race of hybrids with fringed lips of the most diversified character, which is destined to be still further developed in the future. Brassavola Digbyana was originally sent from British: Honduras by Mrs. McDonald, wife of the Governor of that Col ony, to Edward St. ig. 2. CAPSULE OF BRASSAVOLA DIGBYANA (see p. 12). Vincent Digby, Esq., with whom it flowered at Minterne, Devonshire, 1 July, 1846, when it was described and figured by Lindley (Bot. Reg., xxxii- Lindley had not seen the pollen masses, but thought that it must belong to the same genus as Brassavola glauca, and remarked: ‘‘ The that borders the lip is quite analagous to what occurs in’ B. others, only it is here extremely extended, so as to give the flower quite a shaggy appearance.” He also added: ‘‘ The neck ‘of the t. -53). singular fringe JANUARY, 1914.] THE QRCHID REVIEW. Ir ovary, which is cuniculate to a remarkable degree, is fully four inches: long.” Three years later it was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 4474), from a plant which flowered at Kew, when Sir William Hooker alluded to- it as the most remarkable of all the Brassavolas. The eight pollinia are well shown on the plate. In 1881 the species was transferred to Lelia by Bentham, who Fig. 3. BRASSOCATTLEYA VeitcHutu HoLrorpb’s VAR. (see p. I5)- remarked that Brassavola glauca and B. Digbyana had not the characteristic perianth of Brassavola, and might pe better placed in Lelia (Journ. Linn. Soc., xviii. p. 314). The change was accepted for a time, but ultimately had to be abandoned, and it is probable that Bentham overlooked the long beaked ovary, a character not found in Lelia. The species is apparently rather local. According to Sir Daniel 12 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1914 Morris, who visited British Honduras and sent a flower to Kew for determination in July, 1882, it is very common on logwood trees in swamps in the north, but rare elsewhere (Brit. Honduras, p. 69), and he alludes to it as possibly the handsomest Orchid in the Colony. These logwood swamps are said by Miller to be full of a tall cutting grass, about twelve feet high, which makes them very unpleasant, though there are said to be many Orchids, the beauty of which takes off some of the monotony of working through them (Proc. R. Geogr. Soc., ix. p. 422). Brassavola Digbyana long remained rare in cultivation, but Mr. John Fig. 4. BRASSOCATTLEYA MARONIE (See p. 15): Day, who painted it twice (Orch. Draw., v. t.°8; .xxxiv. t. 57), records: “I had a great many plants in 1879 and 1880, but sold them all in 1881, before they bloomed.” The first painting represents the typical form, with pale green sepals and petals, and was from a plant obtained at Mr. Charles Warner’s Sale in April, 1870; the second was painted at Mr. W. Bull’s in 1883, and has the sepals and petals tinged and margined with purple, as in the one we now figure. There are two or three other pecularities about the plant besides the deeply fringed lip. The long beak of the ovary, already mentioned, is well shown in figure 2 (page 10); from a capsule produced in the collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq-s January, 1914.] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 13 Streatham Hill. This beak is about three inches long, three times as long as the swollen basal part which bears the seeds, while the pedicel itself is very short. The shrivelled segments at the base of the column can also be seen. A third character is that the whole plant is covered with a peculiar glaucous bloom, which probably has some protective nature, and, lastly, it may be mentioned that the lip is invariably twisted slightly to one side, which gives the flowers a quaint appearance when several of them are seen together. Striking as the flower is in shape, it is rather deficient in colour, and it was not until the possibilities of the plant as a parent were recognised that Fig. 5. BRrASSOCATTLEYA LEEMANNIZ (see p. 16). it was much sought after. The first hybrid from it was raised by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Cattleya Mossi being the seed parent. It flowered in 1889, and received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. under the name of Lelia Digbyano-Mossiz. It now bears the name of Brasso- cattleya Veitchii. The plant made quite a sensation, but it was not until eight years later that a second hybrid followed, also raised by Messrs.. Veitch, from C. Triane and B. Digbyana, which received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in April, 1897, under the name of Lzlio- cattleya Digbyano-Triane. It is now called Brassocattleya Sedenii. A third hybrid flowered before the year was out in the collection of T. W. I4 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, I914. Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, having been raised from C. “Gaskelliana and B. Digbyana, and was described’ as Leeliocattleya Tkorntoni, afterwards becoming Brassocattleya Thorntoni. From that period there was a steady accession to the ranks of Brassavola Digbyana hybrids, which now include combinations with practically every species of the Cattleya labiata group, and with a few of its hybrids, with several of the long-bulbed Cattleyas, and a remarkable hybrid with C. citrina, known as B.-c. Alexanderi; also numerous hybrids with Lelia and Leliocattleya, Fig. 6. BRASSOCATTLEYA CLIFTONII VAR. MAGNIFICA (see p. 16). known as Brassolzlia and Brassocatleelia respectively. In fact the series IS a very extensive one, and is growing rapidly. There are two points about these hybrids in which improvement Is desirable, and, unfortunately, they are quite antagonistic, namely, to increase the brilliancy of colour and the depth of the lip’s fringe. The former is being gradually accomplished by recrossing with richly-coloured Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, and the latter might be secured by recrossing with the Brassavola, though we do not remember a record of such a cross: JANUARY, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15 The fact is B. Digbyana is weak in both the shape and colour of the sepals and petals, and there is an idea about that such crosses would be of little decorative value. We would suggest, however, that the cross should be tried between the white B.-c. Veitchii var. Queen Alexandra and a light form of B. Digbyarna, which might give a very interesting result. The series of figures now given illustrate some of the points mentioned in this article. Fig. 1 (p. 9) represents a very fine form of Brassavola Digbyana, having a strong tinge of purple in the sepals and petals, and is Fig. 7. BrassocaATTLEYA HyE# (see p. 19). hy Mr C; P. Rall. ine 1 markings in the throat, << “a sea reproduced from an excellent photograph remarkable character of the lip, with the crest an are well shown. Fig. 2 (p. 10) represents a capsule Of the same about 2 2 f ] a ae haractere ave < -eadv nine months old, and practically full grown. Its character: have already aT .is a fine white form of Fig. 3 (p. 11) is a fine wh . Oca First-class Certificate i Brassocattleya been pointed out. Veitchii, known as Holford’s var., which received a from the R.H.S. in November, I9gtt. Cattleya Mossiz Reineckeana was ini ; been retained ‘ig , 12) is B.-c. the other parent, and the albinism has been retained. Fig. 4 (p.1 is B i 3 bri . : » arscewIiCZil, Which was Maroniz, a very handsome hybrid from Cattleya Wat il, l 16 THE: ORCHID REVIEW. [ JANUARY, 1914. raised by M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France, and flowered for the first time in Igor. Fig. 5 (p. 13) is B.-c. Leemannie, raised from C. Dowiana aurea by M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy. It flowered for the first time in 1902, and in some of its best forms shows a large amount of yellow in the flowers, though usually much suffused with rose. Fig. 6 (p. 14) represents B.-c. Cliftonii var. magnifica, the first secondary hybrid from B.-c. Veitchii. This was raised by Messrs. Charlesworth. & Co., Haywards Heath, and received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in March, 1909- Cattleya Trianz Uplands var. was the other parent. The next two figures show the effect of crossing with the other section Fig. 8. BRASSOCATTLEYA SANDHAGHENSIS. of Cattleya having long, two-leaved pseudobulbs and a three-lobed lip- Fig. 7 (p. 15) represents B.-c. Hyee, a fine hybrid from Cattleya Harrisoniana, which was raised by M. Jules Hye de Crom, Ghent, and flowered in 1905. Fig. 8 (p. 16) is B.-c. sandhaghensis, a hybrid from C. Schilleriana, which was raised by M. Gustav H. Miiller, Huis. Sandhaghe, Den Haag, Holland, and flowered in 1gcg. It has dark sepals and petals and a strongly three-lobed lip. Lastly, fig. g (p. 17) represents Brassolelia Helen, a hybrid from Lelia tenebrosa, which was raised by M. Ch. Maron, Brunoy, France, and flowered for the first time in May, 1902. The sepals and petals are reddish brown, and there are some: radiating purple lines on the lip. January, 1914.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17 In conclusion, we should be glad to know if anyone has intercrossed Sophronitis grandiflora or any of its hybrids with Brassavola Digbyana. If this could be done some remarkable colour breaks might result, but the relative lengths of the pollen tubes probably impose a difficulty. SPATHOGLOTTIS PULCHRA.—The appearance of a hybrid from Spathoglottis pulchra, as recorded at page 30, raises a question as to the origin of the species, and Professor Balfour informs us that it was obtained Fig. 9, BRASSOLALIA HELEN (see p. 16). from Messrs. Sander & Sons. There is a New Guinea species bearing this name, which was described by Schlechter, in 1905 (Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Sudsee, p. 147), the author remarking that it was the most beautiful Spathoglottis known to him, though he does not mention the colour ot the flowers or the affinity. From the characters given, however, it appears to belong to the S. plicata group. It was collected in the mountains of Neu Pommern, formerly known as New Britain, an island of the Bismarck Archipelago, north-west of New Guinea. Whether the two are identical must be left until specimens are available for comparison. R.A.R. 18 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1914 By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY. ¥ ai i Hybridising Department. ITH the commencement of a new year, the Orchid grower’s thoughts naturally turn towards the longer, brighter days that are so essential to the health of plant life generally and Orchids in particular. He will begin to think about repotting, and it is advisable to procure a good stock of osmunda and other fibres, which may be prepared during the present month. For cutting up these fibres in quantity there is no_ better implement than an old chaff-cutting machine with one knife removed. Such a machine can sometimes be purchased fairly cheap at the Michaelmas sales in agricultural districts, or in towns where motors have replaced that beautiful creature, the horse. In the case of amateurs who only cultivate a few plants, a pair of ordinary sheep shears will answer the purpose. Pots and pans should be washed ready for the busy season, and a quantity of broken flower pots may also be treated in a similar way to be eventually used for drainage. WEAKLY PLANTS.—I have found from time to time that a plant in a poor condition can be restored to its former vigour by adding a few partly decayed oak or beech leaves to the usual compost, and if any reader feels disposed to adopt this method now is a suitable time to collect them, afterwards storing in a dry but well-ventilated shed. All the sticks and rubbish should be removed, and then the leaves should be rubbed through a half-inch mesh sieve as required, and when the dust is taken out a nice light flaky material is left, which is enjoyed by certain Orchids that do not seem to get sufficient nourishment from the ordinary compost generally recommended for Orchids. Miltonias, Disas, Odontoglossums, &c., should certainly be tried in this mixture, if the previous results are not satisfactory. Biinps.—The present is a good time to overhaul the blinds to ascertain which will need renewing, for with the advent of March the cool-growing - Orchids will need some protection from the sun during the middle of the day. Where fresh blinds are wanted no time ought to be lost in despatching the order, because there is often a rush on the sundriesman or nurseryman in the early spring, which occasionally makes it difficult for him to execute the demand at once. Both canvas and wooden lath blinds are used, some growers selecting one and some the other. Personally, I prefer the former for Dendrobiums, Cattleyas, and their allies, but for seedlings, Cypripediums, and Odontoglossums I fancy the latter are better. In the Midlands and North it may be advantageous to run down the blinds at night when the weather is cold and frosty, and if such a course is decided upon then those made of wooden laths should be chosen, for it is impossible to remove JANuaRY, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 1 the canvas blinds until a thaw sets in without doing considerable damage ROUTINE WORK.—By the end of the month the washing down of the houses should be finished. Every plant ought to be looked over for insect pests, and new labels should be written where it is necessary. This is an important item, or should be, in every collection. Seedlings are usually grown under numbers, and the parentage and other details are carefully recorded in a stock-book kept especially for that purpose. It is a good plan to have two books, one for every-day use and the other may be stored in the iron safe or where it is secure against loss. At one time the common deal label was largely used, but it has been superseded by the white celluloid kind which is obtainable in various sizes. SPECIAL VARIETIES.—In every establishment there will be found at least a few of what might be termed extra special plants, such as albinos, rare hybrids, or choice species, which, if left among the general collection, are apt to be overlooked and deteriorate in consequence. This can be overcome by arranging them upon inverted flower-pots, or placing them in a separate division where they will be always under the eye of the grower. Some suspend such plants from the roof, but this is not recommended, except for Cattleya Dowiana aurea, which enjoys a certain amount of strong light, as there is a possibility of them suffering from drought through the summer months. 3 TEMPERATURES.—Each division or house ought to contain a thermometer, and the following table should be adhered to as far as possible, although much will depend upon the weather. If it is cold and frosty it will be much better for the inmates to allow the temperature to fall five degrees or so below the prescribed minimum than to drive the fires hard, the latter causing that dry, stuffy atmosphere in which no plant will thrive. East Indian or Warm house: 65°-70° Fahr. Cattleya or Intermeuiate-house: 60°-65° Fahr. Odontoglossum or Cool house: 55°-60° Fahr. Seedling house: 70° Fahr. The figures quoted refer to the day temperatures, and the maximum must always be recorded at midday, while at night about five degrees lower all round should be the rule. ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE.—A buoyant and moist atmosphere must be created in each house, by:damping the stages, floors, &c., once or twice each day, but in this respect we should be guided by the amount of fire-heat required to maintain the temperatures at the proper figure. The locality also makes a difference, for in low-lying districts scarcely any damping down is needed during’ the winter months, while in exposed positions drier conditions usually prevail. 20 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1914. : VENTILATION is an important factor in Orchid culture, and the ventilators ought to be opened an inch or so on all favourable occasions, but always on the leeward side of the house. CALANTHES.—Several of these beautiful winter-flowering Orchids, such’ as C. vestita rubro-oculata, and luteo-oculata, the pure white C. Harrisii, and C. Veitchii, will now be past their best, and after the scapes are removed they will need a decided rest till growth begins in the spring. Some allow them to remain in their pots during this period of repose, but if stage room is scarce they may be shaken out of the old soil, and, after cutting away a portion of the roots, place them in boxes with some silver sand around the base. A cool structure is necessary, and the atmosphere must be tolerably dry. An ideal spot is a shelf in a vinery, or where the temperature is not likely to fall below 50° Fahr. The late flowering C. Regnieri may be kept moist at the root till the flowering season is over, when it can be treated in the same way as the others. This is a splendid Calanthe, and should be chosen by growers near large manufacturing towns, where fog occasionally plays such havoc among the earlier-flowering kinds. ZYGOPETALUM MACKAYI, as the scapes are removed, may be repotted in a mixture of loam and osmunda fibre. During the hot summer months this species should be accommodated in the cool division, but when the spikes are showing, a few degrees more warmth is beneficial. All the Zygopetalums belonging to this group are vigorous and strong rooting, and ought never to be permitted to get into a starved condition. CyYPRIPEDIUMS.—These useful winter-flowering subjects will require attention towards the end of the month, and any that are in a pot-bound state must be repotted and divided into several pieces if the variety is 2 choice one. Where it is not desired to increase the stock they may be placed in a receptacle two sizes larger, without much disturbance at’ the base. Cypripediums, especially those of the insigne type, are of easy culture, and make ideal plants for the amateur. Where good fibrous loam is procurable it should form the chief ingredient in the rooting material, the other constituents being good quality peat or osmunda fibre, with a sprinkling of finely-crushed crocks. The pots must be well drained, and the plants kept moist at the root throughout the year, although for a few weeks after being disturbed a little more care is necessary. Ifa house oF division is set apart for these Cypripediums the temperature should fluctuate between 55° and 60° Fahr., and the atmosphere kept fairly moist. C. Fairrieanum, so far as I can gather, does not respond any too readily to the conditions prevailing in our Orchid houses, and we seldom see such fine examples as when it was re-introduced a few years ago. It has been tried in various positions, but with little success, and. it would be interesting if growers will give their experience with this charming little Cypripede. JANUARY, I914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 21 SEEDLING CYPRIPEDIUMS can be potted on directly they fill their pots with roots, irrespective of season, and if they are kept free from thrip the flowering stage will soon be reached. Seed may also be sown around old plants which do not need repotting this season, and those with a clean surface, and having the soil below the rim, ought to be selected for the purpose. Careful watering is essential, and if the pots are placed in a temperature of 70° Fahr. germination will generally take effect in about. two months, provided the seed is fertile. This statement, however, must not be taken too literally, for I have known seedlings to appear twelve months or more after sowing the seed. - C@LoGyNE cRiIsTaTA will now begin to show signs of flowering, and may be given a more liberal supply of water, but none must accumulate in the young growth or the scapes will probably decay. Soon after the spikes are removed a fresh batch of roots will be seen at the base of each shoot, when any repotting or top-dressing can be taken in hand. C. cristata and Its varieties rather resent much disturbance at the root, and it is about a couple of years before they recover sufficiently to produce a good crop of flowers, so the best method is to overhaul a specimen or two (according to the quantity grown) each year. Pans from eight to sixteen inches in diameter prove the most useful receptacles, and the ordinary compost of osmunda, peat, and sphagnum moss should be employed. DENDROBIUMS.—Some of the early kinds will be swelling at the nodes, and if given a little more warmth they will soon be in flower. Hard forcing is not suggested, and water should only be applied in sufficient quantity to prevent the pseudobulbs from shrivelling. The majority can still be kept cool, and fairly dry at the root. CaTTLEYAS.—- Many of the winter-flowering Cattleyas and Lzliocattleyas, especially hybrids from C. labiata and C. Bowringiana, possess a somewhat thick sheath, and when the scapes are removed care should be taken to make a clean cut, and if the weather is dull ard foggy a little powdered charcoal or sulphur may be sprinkled over the wound, which will in most cases prevent decay. PHALEHNopsis LINDENII.—An interesting Philippine Phalenopsis was exhibited by Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, at the R.H.S. meeting held on December 2nd last, and proves to be P. Lindenii, Loher, described in 1895 (Journ. des. Orch., vi. p. 103). M. Loher described it as somewhat like P. Schilleriana in the leaves and P. rosea in the flowers, which would suggest natural hybridity, except that he found no other species with it, and that the flowers do not agree with P. Veitchii, which has such a parentage. Messrs. Low believe that their plant came with P. Aphrodite. Its history has been given in our pages (xv. p. 296).—R.A.R. , THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1914. Fal SO CTE4 Lire. |e] RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. HE last show of the year was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on December 2nd, and produced a fine | display of Orchids, the awards consisting of six medals, one First-class Certificate, six Awards of Merit, and one Cultural Commendation. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, de Barri Crawshay, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, H. G. Alexander, J. Es Shill; Woe Bound, W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, W. Cobb, A. McBean, T. Armstrong, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, R. A. Rolfe, Stuart Low, Arthur Dye, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), sent a splendidly-grown plant of Odontoglossum crispum Leonard Perfect, bearing a spike of fifteen very_fine flowers, the chaste Cattleya O’Brieniana alba, and a fine Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen Alexandra. Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. Mr. Alexander), sent a very fine example of the richly-coloured Leliocattleya Nella, and Cypripedium Artemis aureum (nitens x Fairrieanum), a pretty yellow flower with a white apex to the dorsal sepal. Crofton Black, Esq., Upminster, sent a very fine form of Odontoglossum grande, bearing two sturdy spikes of very richly-coloured flowers. M. Henri Graire, Amiens, France, sent Odontoglossum Saturne var. flavescens (apterum X spectabile), having light yellow flowers spotted with red-brown, O. Jupiter (armainvillierense X apterum), closely blotched all over with cinnamon-brown on a whitish ground, and O. Neptune vat. splendens, bearing three handsomely blotched flowers. W. Hewitt, Esq., Newlands, Frenchay, Bristol, showed Cypripedium Frenchay (bellatulum X Lawrebel), a handsome hybrid most resembling the latter. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., Burford (gr. Mr. White), sent a good plant of the West African Listrostachys Monteire, bearing two racemes of white flowers. W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood (gr. Mr. Branch), sent Cypripedium Arachne, a striking yellow and brown hybrid, approaching C. Buchanianum, with a white apex to the dorsal sepal, and a few other good things. Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking (gr. Mr. Hopkins), sent Cypripedium Delhi (Earl of Tankerville x insigne Harefield Hall var.), 4 very fine form, bearing six flowers, somewhat resembling the latter. January, 1914] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23 Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group of well-grown Cypripediums, in which C. Tityus and var. superbum, C. Thalia, C. Niobe, and others were excellent, also examples of Masdevallia tovarensis, Estrada, and bockingensis (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, staged a fine group, including a good example of Leliocattleya Nella, some excellent Odonto.- glossums, including a fine seedling of O. Lambeauianum, Cypripedium Cassius (Haywoodii X niveum), a fine white flower with lines of purple dots, C. Floryi (Niobe X Countess of Carnarvon), a richly-coloured flower, forms of C. Idina, Madame Jules Hye, Cymbidium Tracyanum, and others (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, staged a fine group, including some good Dendrobium Phalznopsis and the chaste var. album, Oncidium bicallosum, Houlletia Brocklehurstiana, Vanda ccerulea, Masdevallia Laucheana, some good Cattleyas and Leeliocattleyas, Phalznopsis Schilleriana and the pretty little P. Lindenii (see page 21), &c. (Silver Flora Medal): Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including many good Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, Zygopetalum intermedium, Cymbidium giganteum, Saccolabium calcaratum, and other interesting species, with a number of good Cypripediums (Silver Flora Medal). Mr. H. Dixon, Spencer Park Nursery, Wandsworth Common, staged a pretty little group, including Odontioda Cupid, a few Cattleyas, Lelio- cattleyas, and Odontoglossums, with a good specimen of Cymbidium Tracyanum (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Hassall & Co. Southgate, staged a fine group of Cypripediums and Odontoglossums, some good forms of Cattleya Sylvia, Maggie Raphael, and others, the richly-coloured Lycaste Tunstillii, Lzliocattleya Moira, rubens, and other good things (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a few choice things, including Leliocattleya St. Gothard and Thyone, a_ beautiful example of Aérides Lawrencee, Odontoglossum crispum Madonna, good forms of O. Ceres, Oncidium varicosum Rogersii, Sophronitis grandiflora, and others. Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards Heath, sent a fine example of Cymbidium I’Ansonii. Messrs. J. & A- McBean, Cooksbridge, sent good examples of Cymbidium Doris and Schlegelii, a fine form of Zygopetalum intermedium, with a few good Cypripediums, Lzliocattleyas, and Odontoglossums. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. CATTLEYA MAGGIE RAPHAEL DELL var. (Triane alba x Dowiana aurea).—A very beautiful variety, having pure white sepals and petals, and 24 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY.. 1974. a rich crimson lip with yellow veining. Exhibited by Baron Brun Schréder. : AWARDS OF MERIT. CyPRIPEDIUM GOLIATH (insigne Harefield Hall var. x Amy Moore).—A _ large and handsome form, most like the former in general character, with very dark blotches on the dorsal sepal. Exhibited by W. R. Lee, Esq. CYPRIPEDIUM STRELSA (insigne Harefield Hall var. x Alcibiades).—A finely shaped form, having a broad white dorsal sepal, with dotted purple lines above the green base. Exhibited by W. R. Lee, Esq. L#LIOcATTLEYA AvTopoIN (L. autumnalis x C. Octave Doin),—A handsome form, approaching the Lelia parent in general character, and bearing a good spike of bright rose-purple flowers with a paler throat to the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. J. and A. McBean. L#LIOCATTLEYA Mrs. TEMPLE VAR. DREADNOUGHT (L.-c. Green- woodii X C. Mossiz).—A charming light rose-purple flower, with a white throat to the lip and purple mottling in front. Exhibited by C. J. Phillips, Esq., The Glebe, Sevenoaks. Opbontiopa LaTona Goopson’s var. (Odontoglossum spectabile X Odontioda Bradshawiz).—A beautiful form, bearing a spike of sixteen — bright scarlet flowers, with a few white markings on the sepals and petals. Exhibited by H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day). ODONTOGLOSSUM SATURNE VAR. VIOLACEUM (apterum X_ spectabile).— A handsome form, having the flowers tinged with violet and well blotched - with red-brown. Exhibited by M. Henri Graire. CULTURAL COMMENDATION. L&LIocaTTLEYA GoLDEN BEAuTy.—To Mr. H. G. Alexander, Orchid grower to Lt.-Col. Sir G. L. Holford, for a very fine plant bearing two spikes, the best having fifteen deep golden yellow flowers, with the front lobe and disc of the lip ruby crimson. There was no Show on December 16th, but the Committee sat upstairs to adjudicate upon the Orchids submitted for Certificate. _ Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, A. McBean, . W. H. Hatcher, S. W. F lory, H. G. Alexander, T. Armstrong, A. Dye, de B. Crawshay, Stuart Low, R. A. Rolfe, J. Charlesworth, R. G. . Thwaites, W. Cobb, W. H. White, 'F. J. Hanbury, J. E. Shill, and Sir - Harry J. Veitch. Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill), showed the handsomely - blotched Odontoglossum armainvillierense Ebor. Re ee Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), ae JANUARY, 1914.| THE .ORCHID REVIEW. 25 showed Cypripedium Swallowtail: (M. de Curte x Fairrieanum), a fine light-coloured flower of the Thalia type, and one or two others. Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., K.C.V.O., Burford (gr. Mr. White), ones a pan of four beautifully-grown examples. of the brilliant Habenaria Roebelenti, with orange-scarlet flowers. Earl Stanhope, Chevening Park, aiedotice sent four beautiful Calanthes, obtained by recrossing- C. Veitchii with forms of C. vestita, the parents also being shown. E. R. Ashton, Esq., Brondiadds Park Tunbridge Wells, sent Odontioda Royal Gem Broadlands var., prettily blotched with red on a ystow ground. F. J..Hanbury, Esq., Brockhurst, East Grinstead (gr. Mr, Matthews), showed Cypripedium Hanburyanum, a hybrid approaching C. Leeanum giganteum and from which C. Maudie, it is believed to have been derived, but no trace of the second parent could be found. Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, showed Cypripedium Sandhurst (concolor x Fairrieanum), most like the former in habit, and the colour light yellow, much dotted and tinged with red. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, showed Leeliocattleya Britannia var. Melanie (L.-c. Canhamiana alba x C. Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt), having white sepals and petals and a light purple lip, also fine examples of Odontoglossum eximium augustum, with a spike of eighteen flowers, and O. eximium xanthotes, a beautiful white WAY with clear yellow spots. Messrs. J & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent fine examples of Lelia -anceps Schroederz, Sophrocattleya Saxa, Odontoglossum Pere Odontioda _Euterpe McBean’s var., and others. FirsT-CLass CERTIFICATE. CATTLEYA PERCIVALIANA ALBA LaDy HOLFORD. —A beautiful clear white variety, of fine shape and substance, with a deep orange- -coloured throat to the lip. The plant bore two spikes with two flowers each. Exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford. AWARDS OF MERIT. CYPRIPEDIUM. BOURTONENSE (insigne Harefield Hall var. x Blanche Moore).— A large greenish flower of good shape, and the upper half of the dorsal sepal white with many small spots below. Exhibited by G. F. Moore, Esq., Bourton-on-the- Water, Glos. (gr. Mr. Page). CYPRIPEDIUM NITENS-LEEANUM SMARAGDINUM (Sallieri Baus x Leeanum giganteum).—A. beautiful emerald green flower, with the upper half of the dorsal sepal white. Exhibited by F. J. Hanbury, Esq. OponTocLossuM CLEOPATRA (Carmania X Vuylstekei).—A fine form, having red-purple sepals. and petals margined and tipped with yellow, and a 26 THE ORUHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1914. broad white lip, with purple basal markings. Exhibited by de Barri. Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables). Opontonta Loncowoyr (O. Uroskinneri x M. Schroederiana).—A — distinct and striking hybrid, having oblong-lanceolate, chocolate-purple sepals and petals, and a broad white lip, with purple base and a few lighter spots in front. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Thursday, November 27th, 1913, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, W. H. Hatcher, J. Howes, D. McLeod, C. Parker, F. K. Sander, W. Shackleton, W. Thompson, H. Thorp, A. Warburton, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., New- church (gr. Mr. Gilden), for an excellent mixed group, a Cultural Certificate and Bronze Medal being awarded to the gardener for a very fine Odonto- glossum crispum Orbis. Large Silver Medals were awarded to A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Dalgleish), and Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), for fine miscellaneous groups. Silver Medals were awarded to H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Eastwood), and Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for’ groups of well-grown Cypripediums. Interesting exhibits were staged by Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby) ; the Hon. Lady Neeld, Grittleton, Wilts (gr. Mr. Pitts) ; O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers); Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath; Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, Bradford. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. ‘Cypripedium mirum (Euryades New Hall Hey var. x Alcibiades), 4 gigantic flower, having a square dorsal sepal, spotted with purple (a Gold Medal being also awarded) ; C. Queen Alexandra Walton Grange var., 4 very large well-coloured flower; C. Hermes, with a well spotted round dorsal sepal; C. San Actzus var. Our Queen, a well-shaped green flower, devoid of spots, and Odontioda Queen Mary var..luminosa, a bright, round flower, with very distinct markings, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. AWARDS OF MERIT. Cypripedium Draco Grittleton var., from the Hon. Lady Neeld. Cypripedium Lathamianum Thompsonii, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Odontoglossum amabile Ruby Gem, from Z. A. Ward, Esq. Leliocattleya Thyone, from R, Ashworth, Esq. Jen JANUARY, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27 At the meeting held on December 18th, 1913, the members of Committee present were :—Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, Wm. Thompson, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). A Gold Medal was awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), for a magnificent miscellaneous group. A Gold Medal was also given to Mr. Rogers, gardener to O. O, Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, for the splendid culture of a group of over fifty fine Cypripediums, forming a magnificent display. A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Dalgleish), for a group composed largely of Cypripediums, with a few Odontoglossums. Six Large Silver Medals were awarded for very fine groups, that from Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), containing no fewer than fifteen plants which gained Certificates, while that from H. J. Bromielow, Esq., Rann Lea (gr. Mr. Morgan), included the rare Cypripedium Charlesworthii Bromielowianum, and some promising unnamed seedlings. The other groups were from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton)—including a fine specimen of Cypripedium Leeanum giganteum, which gained a Cultural Certificate and Bronze Medal for the gardener—Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby); Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, and Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham. A Silver Medal was awarded to the Hon. Robert James, St. Nicholas, Yorks (gr. Mr. Benstead), for a fine group of Calanthes, with a few Cypripediums, a Silver Medal being also awarded to the gardener for culture. Silver Medals were also awarded to A. E. Penny, Esq., Preston (gr. Mr. Sumner), and J. Butterworth, Esq., Burnley (gr. Mr. Wilson), for good miscellaneous groups. A Bronze Medal was awarded to H. Arthur, Esq., Blackburn, for a group of Cypripediums. Interesting exhibits were staged by W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall (gr. Mr. Branch); Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford ; Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Enfield; Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, Bradford. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Odontoglossum fulgidum (parentage unknown, but showing the influence of O. Harryanum), a large dark bronze flower, with cream margin round the sepals and petals ; O. The Egyptian, a finely-shaped flower, the sepals and petals very dark chocolate, margined with white, and the lip broad, 28 THE QRCHID REVIEW. (JANUARY, 1914. finely marked with crimson brown, and white in front; O. purpuratum, a massive flower of good shape, with light purple ground, heavily blotched with deep purple, and margined with white, the lip very broad and showing traces of O. Harryanum; O. rubens, a grand flower, with broad lip, and the sepals and petals dull reddish, shaded with purple and margined with white; O. Our Queen (crispum Hyeanum X eximium), a flower of perfect shape, ground colour white, and the sepals and petals heavily blotched; O. amabile var. Illuminator, a large flower, with’ pure white ground, and finely marked with bright purple; O. crispum xanthotes, Walton Grange var., a fine round flower, with the sepals and lip blotched with yellow and the petals spotted; Odontioda Bradshawiz Sander’s var., the finest form yet seen, the flower being as large as a good Odontoglossum crispum and very bright in colour; and Cypripedium insigne Snow Queen, the nearest approach to a white insigne yet seen, the lip and petals of pale primrose colour, and the dorsal sepal pure white with slight greenish yellow base, and devoid of any spots whatever, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone. Odontoglossum amabile Ashworth’s var., a good round flower of brilliant colour, and Vanda ccernlea Ashlands var., a richly-coloured form, from R. Ashworth, Esq. Cypripedium Nirvina (Alcibiades X aureum virginale), a magnificent evenly-marked flower, and Odontoglossum Arachne (Vuylstekei X eximium), a noble, blotched flower, from W. R. Lee, Esq. Odontoglossum eximium The King, a flower of almost solid colour, -from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. AWARDS OF MERIT. Odontoglossum Lambeauianum Hesperus, O. crispum graphicum, Cypripedium Hera Mostyn, C. Curlew, C. Draco Walton Grange var., and C. Alice Mary, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Cypripedium Lady Evelyn James (Lavertonianum X aureum virginale), C. Palladium (aureum virginale x villosum auriferum), and Calanthe Veitchii St. Nicholas var., all from the Hon. Robert James. Odontoglossum eximium Zenith and Cypripedium Estella (Hindeanum x concolor), from R. Ashworth, Esq. Cypripedium Lady Evelyn James (Lavertonianum X aureum virginale), and C. Hecla, from W. R. Lee, Esq. Odontoglossum Meteor, from J. Butterworth, Esq., Burnley. Cypripedium unnamed (Alcibiades x Leeanum), from A. Warburtom Esq., Haslingden. Cypripedium Aeteus var. Ethel (Leeanum ein ion Seta x pgs Harefield Hall var., from Messrs. Cypher & Sons. Vanda coerulea var, Fairy Queen, from Messrs. Stuart Low & Co. January, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 29 THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. By C. ALWYN HARRISON. HE last few years has led to an increasing interest being taken by amateurs in the cultivation of Orchids, and many are now beginning to form collections and adapting existing houses for their requirements. I am convinced that many are deterred from attempting Orchid-growing under mistaken ideas that. these plants need great heat and specially constructed houses; but endless pleasure and interest can be got from a mixed assortment housed in the ordinary greenhouse. Where it is intended to utilise a structure already in existence, little alterations are necessary, beyond erecting a staging about six inches above the one provided, placing slates to retain humidity on the lower one, and to have, if possible, the bottom ventilators situated on a level with the hot water pipes. Obviously Orchids cannot be grown in a house not provided with brick sides nor heated by the hot water pipe system. The earth under the staging should be left in a natural condition. I am not in favour of a concrete path, and wires should be run along the roof of the house, from which many plants can be suspended. In arranging the plants leave plenty of space between each, so as to allow of a free circulation of air to pass around each, and stand the plants on inverted pots or saucers, according to their height. As regards the selection of plants, care should be taken only to procure species and hybrids which are free in flowering and of easy culture, and to attach the utmost importance to procuring such in the best of health and vigour. Unhealthy or weakly plants, although cheaper, will never be found satisfactory, and the grower possessing such may well give up the culture of Orchids in disgust. For commencing a collection I would advise the following to be pro- cured: Cattleyas, Cymbidiums, Cypripediums, Dendrobiums, Epidendrum vitelinum, Lelias, Lzliocattleyas, Odontiodas, with Ccelogyne cristata, Lycaste Skinneri, Oncidiums, Renanthera Imschootiana, and Vanda coerulea. For the varieties of each the intending cultivator would do well to visit a nursery and personally select plants in flower, as a better opinion of each can be formed than by mere description. Having secured a selection of strong healthy plants, care must be taken to give them necessary cultural requirements, which will ensure their increasing in size and vigour year by year, and affording a wealth of bloom as the season for each one arrives. During this month the following average temperatures should be maintained :-— Day, 55° to 60° Fahr. Night, 50° to 55° Fahr. 30 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [JANUARY, 1914. Orchids delight in a free circulation of air at all times, and hence anything approaching stuffiness in the atmosphere must be avoided. It will generally be found possible to open the bottom ventilators daily, even if only for an hour or so, and this will effectively prevent a close, stagnant atmosphere, which is often the sole cause of failure in some collections. No shading will be needed yet, and unless very mild and sunny weather prevails, damping down, i.e., syringing the staging, paths and pots, will only be needed once daily. Rain water must be used for direct application to the plants, and during this month those in active growth should be given a dose whenever the surface moss appears to require it, by assuming a whitish colour, but all those Orchids which are at rest will need only a dose every nine or ten days. Should the temperature tall at any time below 50° Fahr., no water must be given to the plants until the thermometer has again risen to the proper height. At this season the winter-flowering Cypripediums are — making a grand show, and number amongst the most useful Orchids for an — amateur’s house. ‘ SUGGESTED ADDITION. DENDROBIUM NOBILE VIRGINALE.—This is an extremely pretty and — floriferous variety of this well-known Orchid, and can be easily procured | owing to its having been raised true from seed in great number, and a ~ well-bloomed plant presents a striking sight during the spring months. : The flowers are pure white without any trace of purple, of good size, and — they last several weeks in perfection. It is a rapid grower, small — propagated plants quickly producing bulbs of flowering size and strength. ; During the growing season a moist warm position must be selected, but : when at rest and during the formation of the flower buds a very light and : airy spot is essential to success. 4 Ses | NEW HYBRIDS. Far] PATHOGLOTTIS eEpinensis.—A very interesting hybrid, raised — in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Edinburgh, by Mr. A. J. Munday, — gardener in charge of the Orchids, from S. Fortunei 2 and S. pulchra 3; j which surely holds the record for precocity, for Prof. I. B. Balfour remarks — that the seeds were sown in January, 1913, and the first flowers expanded ’ in the following November. The seeds were found to germinate in a few | days. The flowers are most like those of S. Fortunei in general character, ‘ the sepals and petals slightly suffused and veined with pale purple on 4 : pale yellow ground, and the lip with some crimson markings on the crest and — an obcordate, purple front lobe. A plant has been presented to Kew. The history of S. pulchra is given on page 17. JANUARY, ‘I914.] THE: ORCHID REVIEW. 31 CALANTHE KEWENSIS.—A brilliant little hybrid raised at Kew from C. Veitchii crossed with C. rubens, and now in bloom there. The flowers are bright rose, much darker than in the pollen parent, and the lip broadly ovate, and somewhat four-lobed. The pseudobulbs are slightly constricted near the apex. It should develop into a good thing. KONG Re f ) | ORCHIDS IN Sy SEASON Se SPIKE of Vanda ccerulea Rogersii, a distinct, nearly white variety, with flowers of moderate size and an unusually long spur, is sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, with a few Cypripediums, the best having much of the characters of C. insigne Harefield Hall var., but the petals very broad, horizontal, and reticulated with brown. C. Lathamianum is given as the other parent, but the influence of C. Spicerianum is not apparent. C. Bruette (villosum xX Fairrieanum) is most like the latter parent in shape, but with more of the colour of C. villosum. Three very finely-developed flowers of the handsome Cypripedium Actzus Westfield var. are sent from the collection of Francis Wellesley, Esq., Westfield, Woking. It has received an Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society. | ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. Be WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during January, on the 13th and 27th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on January 15th and 2oth. The Committee meets at noon, and exhibits are open to inspection of members and the public from I to 4 p.m. At the Maidstone Chrysanthemum Show held at the Corn Exchange, Maidstone, on November 11th and rath, a beautiful group of over sixty well-bloomed Orchids was exhibited by Mr. Edward Clement, The Nook, Ashford Road, Maidstone, as a non-competitive exhibit. It contained some good Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, Epidendrums, Cypripediums, and other autumn-blooming kinds, and was greatly admired. Mr. Clements is an amateur who took up Orchid growing as a hobby about three years ago, with the assistance of his wife. A note by him appeared at page 8 of 32 THE ORCHID REVIEW, [JANUARY, IQT4. our last, volyme,.in which he gave particulars of the collection, whose origin is attributed to his casually coming across a number of the Orchid Review. It is pleasing to know that he has been so successful. scauliiaity THE OrcHIp ReEvi—Ew.—The present issue of the Orchid Review celebrates its twenty-first birthday, and, it will be noticed, contains the improvements foreshadowed in our preceding number. The new cover _ was designed by Mr. F. W. Rolfe, and this, with other alterations, we believe materially improves the appearance of the work. We invite the opinion of the readers on this matter, and shall be glad of any suggestions for improving the utility of the work. Records of interesting events, with flowers of new hybrids, and particularly photographs suitable for reproduction, will be greatly appreciated. Another way in which our readers can assist is by making the work known among their Orchid- growing friends, a service which will be reflected in the pages of the work. Bel ORCHID PORTRAITS. Zrri9s| ATTLEYA PERCIVALIANA ALBA LADy HoLForp.—Gard. Mag., 1913, p- 955, with fig. CIRRHOPETALUM MASTERSIANUM, Rolfe. aBoh Mag., t. 8531. CYPRIPEDIUM BOURTONENSE.—Gard. Chron., 1913, ii. p. 454, fig, 158. CYPRIPEDIUM DREADNOUGHT.—Journ. Hort., 1913, ii. p. 604, with fig. ( CyPRIPEDIUM MAUDI (specimen).—Gard. Mag., 1913, p. 979, With fiig. L#LIOCATTLEYA NELLA WESTONBIRT VAR.— Gard. Chron., 1913, il. p- 416, fig. 144. : LycastE TUNSTILII.—Gard. Chron., 1913, il. p. 415, fig. 143. ODONTOGLOSSUM CLEOPATRA.—Gard. Chron., 1913, ii. p. 456, fig. 159: PHAL2NOPSIS LUEDDEMANNIANA.—Horticulture, 1913, p.559, with fig. — pees) ANSWERS TO_ CORRESPONDENTS. ee | ke {Orchids are named and questions pth ‘wide as Aes as possible. Cocrsspondents are pee to pag the native country or parentage of plan ADDRESSED postcard must be ent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, ably Postewrs hou be used). Subjects of f” special jotere st ‘will be dealt with in the body of the work] E have to thank several ARENT meee, stn seg for records ot hybrids, which shall ‘ be duly incorporated in the lis , —It may be that this is a Case of eich ona kee and as there is neither LE ee in the leaves nor striping in the flower we apex that in some mysterious way influence of C. Maudia must have carte Such cases are Guciaan ulating. 2 M. o wt oe capitalisation of specific names. Ke not be difficult. Descriptive a adjectival names and names derived from places take a small letter, as crispum™, — waltonense, but personal names are written with a capital, as Veitchii, Cassiope. ef ee -R.F., F.W.T. A.C., F-W.M., E.F.C., P.W., F.H.M., FW» : (OF | = oa) VoL. XXII. FEBRUARY, 1914. _..._ No. 254.7 GS - rr cr p) UMMM lll, Me UML oe oer ye s ]SSSSIHIHIHAAATHAAAAAASIEIAS NS BF Edited by R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. “CONTENTS: PAGE P, Amateur’s Collection ... are - 59 | Orchid Review te Anglo-American Exhibition ee .-- 64 | Orchids = beh yee Groombridge... 48 Answers to Correspondents ... .. 64 | Orchids ius 61 Brassavola Digbyana and its hybrids 38 | Orchis, hy ee » British vas ge ene of si sees a for February 43 | Our Note Boo a te fea Cypripedium Fairrieanum: a warning 36 | Pa cell ag aa mae ae nk 0 Cypripediums, “inte blooming -. 40 | Ralli, Mr. Pandeli pie ou i Ol Gardene. ss’ Magazine a ... 48 | R.H.S. Council Report vee vor OZ Hybrid Orchid Register ne 62, 63 | Societies... ee ie 49 Lawrence Me aw ek OF American Exhibiti New Hy ae a Plant Collector ... ot ¥ 4 Manchester and North of England New 58 rchid we Odontoglossums f from Walton Grange 61 Royal Horticultural .. ee ee 49 Oncidium 47 Orchid b in ie nae aie 5 ILLUSTRATIONS. Orchid Notes and News ae ... 62 | Cypripedium Leeanum var. Gratrixiz 41 Orchid Portraits . .-” ... 64 | Paphinia cristata 49 KEW: FRANK LESLIE & Co., 12, LAWN CRESCENT, London Agents: MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47, Paternoster Row, E.C. | PricE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. PosT FREE, 7/- PER ANNUM ( overieat ) ae age’ . [All rights reserved.] ey . « (2. | a ey NOTICES The ORCHID REVIEW is published reguiarly at the ecemeing of each month, price 6d. net. Annual Subscription, post free, 7/-, payable in adva Volumes I. to XXI. can be supplied unbound at 6/-, or Roe in cloth, 7/6, postage extra.—Cost of postage: book post, od. per volume; parcel post within the United Kingdom only, 5d. per single volume (series by weight). Also cases for binding either volume at 1 ib each, post free throughout the postal — The ORCHID STUD-BOOK. By R. A. Rolfe and C. C. Hurst. By Par Post, 7/11. Abroad, by Book Post, 8/3. All Subscriptions, Advertisements, pgm x and 6 oe os review, should be addressed :—The Editor of the Orchid R » Lawn Cre heques and Postal Orders (sent as above) thonld be made payable to Fassis LesLiz & Co., and, to-ensure safety in transit, should be crossed “ & Co. Agents for copies supplied through the Trade— MARSHALL BROTHERS, Ltd., 47, Parernosrer Row, Lonpon, E.C. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. s. da. 2 ss & Five lines and under in column... O 2 6 Half column or apoenm page 0. 182 Fer line after wD os One column or half p . 2 ae Dne-eighth column. oe & oO Whole page aa Oem uarter column or sightts page Uae Eee fea 8 The Editor invites communications on cai ee (which should be #ntten on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of rari Advertisements and late news should be received not later He the 24th of the month. CHARLESWORTH & Co., ORCHID RAISERS, GROWERS, IMPORTERS AND EXPORTERS, HAYWARDS HEATH, SUSSEX, Invite their Patrons and Friends to pay them a visit of inspecticn at their New Establishment, where may be seen the Finest Trade Collection of Orchids In Europe. A Conveyance will be at the Railway Station to meet Visitors, upon notification being kindly given. CONTINENTAL Brancn-RUE GERARD, BRUSSELS. — ¥Félephone No. 50 Haywards Heath. Telegrams ;—Charlesworths, Haywards Heath. Please Address—Cnapieswortn & Co., Haywards Heath, Sussex. eta ty & Othe Orchid Review 4 A) v VoL. XXII. FEBRUARY, 1914. No. 254. 3 eises| OUR NOTE BOOK. [Aras HE Press reporter—more power to him—has dropped in at another of our meetings. “Surely in all London on a January day,” he remarks, “there is no such place as the Royal Horticultural Hall. If such shows were held in London once in a generation the Hall would be filled with eager thousands, but because there are fifty in a year they are almost unnoticed.” [We hasten to assure him that we have not got to weekly meetings yet.—Ep.]. ‘‘ One stepped in to-day out of the cold, grey, friendless streets into a glow of colour, such as no artist could paint—into a hall where men are quiet and friendly—where social distinctions are forgotten. And at atime when London streets are empty of colour, when flowers are rare, there is nothing in this show at the Horticultural Hall more triumphant in pageantry than the Orchids. On the naked stems they hang like gorgeous butterflies, spotted and barred like the wild beasts of the jungle, amber and tawny, flaming and dusky, like the skies above the lagoon. They have no lovely perfume, these spoilt darlings of the hothouse, but for barbaric energy of shape and colour they are peerless.’ The occasion was the second meeting of the year; had it been a fortnight earlier he might have alluded to the wild beasts of the jungle in quite a different sense, for the Gardeners’ Magazine remarks: ‘In the annexe usually devoted to Orchids, the new stout wire arrangement for the protection of new Orchids caused some little amusement, because it seemed to have strayed from the Zoological Gardens.” The Garden also observes: ‘To the great astonishment and disappointment of visitors, the special Orchids cies had been judged for awards were placed behind an unsightly wire caging”; while the Journal of Horticulture has the following comment: “A metal screen, or grill, as it was called, was placed in front of the more valuable of the Orchids, the sequel to thieving of pollen some It. is a most disagreeable innovation to visitors, and months ago. who tried in -vain to decipher the inscription on 33 particularly to reporters, 44 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Fepruary, 1914. the labels attached to the award cards. More light seems to be necessary, or, better still, legible handwriting.” This pollen thieving began at a meeting held in March last, when some — miscreant abstracted the pollen of an Odontioda and that of Brassocattleya Cliftonii magnifica, leaving behind only a little trace of cotton wool to tell the story. The sequel to this outrage was that a rope has since been affixed some three feet in front of the plants on the committee table, with an attendant in charge, and a notice was put up that the flowers might on no account be touched by anyone during the continuance of the show. The scene then shifted to the Ghent Quinquennial Exhibition, where the spike of Miltonia Charlesworthii was annexed on the second day. Next came the Holland House Show, at which some choice Orchids were placed in a small tent, for inspection by the Orchid Committee, and left unguarded, the result being that the pollen of a choice form of Miltonioda Harwoodii vanished. A few weeks later the pollen of a valuable Odontoglossum was — annexed at an ordinary meeting. The next information was that Messrs. McBean had lost a considerable amount of pollen from their establishment at Cooksbridge. Several hundred flowers were attacked during the course of a few days, and although a careful watch was kept, and all the doors securely fastened, yet the pollen continued to disappear. The matter was becoming serious, and it was decided to guard the plants by close vigilance. It was not long, the Orchid World says, before numerous mice appeared on the scene, and quickly climbed to the tops of the plants in order to secure the pollen. Not content with securing all they could obtain from the open flowers, they next visited the largest buds—we can only admire the sublime patience of that vigilant detective—and by breaking through the segments were able to extract the pollen. But the villians appear to have come once too often, for it is reported that since the capture and due punishment of the mice no further loss of pollen has been experienced. Another interesting incident is reported to us by the Rev. J. Cromble- holme, Chairman of the Manchester Orchid Society. He writes: “At @ meeting of the Society, held on October 16th, whilst the Committee was sitting, a common fly alighted heavily on the Minute Book. On its back q it carried a fine piece of Orchid pollen. 1 drew the attention of ouf Secretary (Mr. Arthur) to it, and we tried to catch the thief, but we had nO — more success than the R.H.S. in their attempt.—It escaped.” These small fry seem to have quite entered into the spirit of the thing: * oe Teme epee Gt February, 1914:] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35 and if the grill and the attendant prove inadequate there will be nothing else for it but a tight-fitting glass case for the certificated plants. To return to the R.H.S. meetings. The year opened auspiciously with seven medal groups—only one fewer than that which moved the representative of the daily press to such enthusiasm—besides several Certificated Orchids behind the grill. (By the way, at the next meeting some of them had escaped into the open Hall, pollen thieves or no), The Registration Form of the Hybrid Orchid Register was also available, and was requisitioned for several novelties, so that the new scheme promises to be soon in working order. One of the difficulties that lies ahead is the increasing number of hybrids of unrecorded parentage, unless, as seems probable, the majority can be fitted into their places as forms of existing hybrids. Already they are being used as parents, and the offspring of one such plant received a certificate at the last R.H.S. meeting, so that in addition to the difficulty of identifying hybrids of unknown parentage, there will also be that of identifying their parents, a task not always within the powers of the most astute observer. But these supposed difficulties may prove to be largely imaginery, and may vanish as we approach them. In any case they will not arrest the march of improvement, and the attempt to keep a record of the steps by which such progress is made will be invaluable in the future. The attempt to secure such a record should secure the loyal co-operation of all hybridists. ARACHNANTHE Lowil.—There has been much speculation as to the significance of the orange-coloured flowers at the base of the spike of this remarkable Orchid, but the matter has never, so far as we know, been cleared up, so that it may be interesting to mention a record by the late Mr. J. C. Spyers. Speaking of a plant then in flower at Burford, he observed (Gard. Chron., 1880, ii. p. 406): ‘A remarkable fact about this splendid Vanda is that the one or more yellow flowers at the base of the many-flowered spike emit a very powerful odour, while none of the chocolate and white are anything but slightly scented. The scent is peculiar but not disagreeable.”” The plant at this period was known under the name of Vanda Lowii, and under this name Wallace’s account of it will be found at page 6. Mr. John Day figured it in August, 1864 (Orch. Draw., viii. t. 25), from flowers brought to him by Mr. S. Rucker, of Wand th, and again in August, 1879 (xxv. t. 35), when he had two plants in bloom in his own collection. On this occasion he remarked: “‘ The scape has no stiffness whatever, and is perfectly pendulous, like a wet string.” 36 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FesruARy, 19t4. CNIS ae CYPRIPEDIUM FAIRRIEANUM: A WARNING. Be Koited SEE in the January issue of the Orchid Review (page 20) that the plants of Cypripedium Fairrieanum are beginning to lose their vigour, as did the first importation. It is not, I trust, a general complaint as yet, but it is one I have been quite expecting, as I feel sure it is a plant that resents too moist and even airs and temperature. Its habitat is no longer a secret (see O.R., xvii. p. 373), and it grows at a considerable elevation, where the nights must be cool when there is a clear sky. Five years ago I had three small, freshly-imported bits sent out to me at Nice, where I find C. insigne and its varieties are quite happy, grown at the foot of an olive tree with some sheltering shrubs to screen the plants from summer suns and winter frosts. These three plants have now so thriven and increased that it is evident they enjoy the same conditions as C. insigne, with this small difference that I find they like a warmer position 7m summer, in fact they like more sun heat. When I came out last October I found the first blooms of C. Fairrieanum just open. To-day, on the 2oth of January, the latest flowers are just fading, having lasted more than three months, having endured lately, without apparent injury, three nights below freezing and a snow- storm that for a short time threatened to fill their pouches with snow. Certainly their vigour has increased year by year, and they have undergone temperatures up to 88° and go° in the shade on occasions, and in winter seem all the better for the cold nights so long as the day temperature rises during the day to 50° as a maximum. This winter is the coldest they have undergone, but I now quite expect they require a very different atmosphere — to the moist and still cool air of Intermediate Orchid houses in England. I therefore hope all those whose plants are seeming to dwindle and lose vigour will not fail to give them a much airier and colder treatment in winter, and a sunnier and more open-air treatment in summer. It is hard to say what some Orchids will nof endure! I saw good masses of Lelia anceps that had been growing for four years on an olive tree in a sheltered garden here. The morning I saw them there had been three degrees of frost, which had not spoilt the numerous spikes of flower — that hung down in much beauty! The only difference I could see was that the flowers were rather smaller than those under glass and grown in heat. The plants and the new bulbs were thoroughly vigorous and healthy. I shall be interested to see if they suffer from this late cold weather, and propose to try how they will answer with me, though my garden is not so near the sea or quite so sheltered. : Many of the modern hybrid Cypripediums are now so round and solid in the dorsal sepal, and so stiff and “ overfed” in general outline, that ig FEBRUARY, 1913. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37 cherish the C. Fairrieanum influence that gives a lighter and more elegant bloom. I wish to offer my congratulations on the coming of age of the Orchid Review and its new dress. I do hope you will sometimes protest against the stiffness, and I could almost say vulgarity, of many hybrids, which seem to me to gain Certificates for any reason save that of beauty. It is high time a protest should be made by someone ! Nice. Epwarp H. Woopatt. [Mr. Woodall furnishes a very interesting confirmation of what he wrote five years ago (O.R., xvii. p. 372), at which time we could not help wondering whether his success would be maintained over a series of years. Mr. Woodall is an old Orchid grower, and we have not yet forgotten a magnificent spike of Vanda coerulea that he once sent to us from Scarborough, and the plant which gained a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. over eighteen years ago, which was illustrated in our pages (vol. iii. P- 337), and the method of treatment described. We wonder if the plant has been tried at Nice.—Ep.] MURDER OF A Piant CoLLector.—The Florists’ Exchange publishes a report that Dr. C. B. Robinson, a botanist in the Science Section of the Department of the Interior, Philippine Islands, has been put to death by the natives of Amboyna Island, in the Malay Archipelago. Dr. Robinson, who is said to be an Englishman, has done considerable work on the Flora of the Philippines, on which he has written several important papers. He had previously been connected with the New York Botanical Garden. His mission to Amboyna was undertaken with the object of studying the plants described by the Dutch botanist, Rumphius, in his Herbarium Amboinense, published as long ago as 1750, including a good many Orchids, which Dr. Robinson hoped to identify on the spot. inp Sioa, ORCHID BREEDING.—A curious result has been obtained by Mr. W. C Swanborough in the hybrid described on page 58 as Leliocattleya Swanboroughii. The ancestry. may be be thus stated: Leliocattleya Dominiana (L. purpurata x C. Dowiana) x L.-c. Andromeda (L. flava x C. Dowiana). Here we have “two primary hybrids mated together ” containing what has been termed a ‘‘ double dose ” of a character which it is desired to perpetuate, and it has been predicted that “ the desired result should be reached on the average in one seedling out of every sixteen raised ” (see O.R., xxi. p. 77). We do not know if Mr. Swanborough was working for a yellow Lzliocattleya, but L. flava has yellow segments as well as C. Dowiana, so we must hope that the batch contains at least sixteen seedlings. There is nothing like testing a theory. 38 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FEBRUARY, 1914. BRASSAVOLA DIGBYANA AND ITS HYBRIDS. e| N your article on Brassavola Digbyana and its hybrids, in the January issue of the Orchid Review, you ask (at page 17) if anyone has intercrossed Sophronitis grandiflora, or any of its hybrids, with Brassavola Digbyana. At ‘“‘ Chessington” the endeavour has been made literally hundreds of times. Some years ago Sophronitis grandiflora was successfully fertilised with the pollen of Brassavola Digbyana, and about twenty seedlings raised from the pod ; but of these only one plant has been saved, and this has not yet flowered. No other success has been obtained here, either on to Sophronitis direct or any of its hybrids. As a matter of fact the endeavour has been given up, because there are other and better ways of obtaining the desired object. For a long time now many have realised that Sophronitis grandiflora will be to Cattleyas that which Cochlioda Neetzliana has been to Odontoglossums, and by the introduction of Brassavola Digbyana as one of the parents I am of the opinion that some most glorious flowers will be produced, and that the height of one’s ambition in this direction will be reached. Sophronitis grandiflora has the desired colour and shape, but it is small and badly wanting in the lip. Its hybrids, with few exceptions, are very fine, and the lips (when crossed with Cattleyas) are more in proportion to the rest of the flower, but they are still wanting in size. It is by using these hybrids that the easiest road to a scarlet Cattleya will be found. Brassavola Digbyana has size, and a lip as abnormally large as the lip of Sophronitis grandiflora is abnormally small, but it is badly wanting in shape and colour. Many of the hybrids of B. Digbyana are very fine, and by carefully selecting these and mating them with selected Sophronitis hybrids we surely must obtain a scarlet Cattleya of perfect shape, and well balanced as - regards the lip. By this means one overcomes the difficulty of intercrossing B. Digbyana directly with S. grandiflora or its hybrids, and even supposing that one could obtain flowers from crosses between them we should only arrive at part of the way on the journey. Asan instance that perfect shape will probably be obtained, I need only refer to the yellow Brassocatleelia The Baroness, which was obtained along similar lines, the red Sophronitis grandiflora being replaced by the yellow Lelia xanthina as a grandparent. So much for the theoretical side. As regards the practical side, the limit in patience is required to carry out this work. The proverb, ‘‘ If at first you don’t succeed, try, try, try again,” is applicable to Sophronitis hybrids. If at the fiftieth time there is no success, one must still be prepared to try again. In some instances here the fortieth and fiftieth time has been reached, before even seed pods have been obtained, and then, with SEE Ornette ree ae Nae TT, ae i cial FEBRUARY, 1914.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39 the greatest care, sometimes only one or two seedlings have been successfully raised. If, instead of starting with the Sophronitis hybrids ready made as parents, one decides to make them, time is lost, and it should be borne in mind that these flowers differ in colour as well as shape and size ; some are almost pure vermilion, whilst others have distinct purple in them. It is important in choosing the Cattleya which is to be used, that the Sophronitis should be selected according to the hoped-for result. Whichever method is followed there will be many disappointments in the resulting flowers—there always are—but I feel sure that on the whole the patience and perseverance expended upon Sophronitis grandiflora as a parent on the one side, and Brassavola Digbyana as a parent on the other, will be amply rewarded. RICHARD G. THWAITES. Chessington, Streatham Hill. Eien T a meeting of the Linnean Society held on January 14th Mr. G. Claridge Druce, M.A., F.L.S., read a paper on a Marsh Orchis, for which he proposed the name Orchis pretermissa (a Latin description being given), and contrasted’ it with the true flesh-coloured O. incarnata of Linnzus, as described by C. B. Clarke in Journ. Linn. Soc., xix. (1881) p. 206, showing how it differed in the shape of the flowers and in other characters from that plant. O. pretermissa is the crimson-flowered plant which has a wide distribution through South and Central England. A beautiful painting of it has been executed by Miss Trower from a seedling raised by Mr. B. Savile Ogle, who had collected the parent plant before 1903 on the borders of Berks and Hants. The seedlings obtained from it resembled each other and the parent én all the stages of their growth. The parent was figured as O. incarnata in the ‘“‘ Report of the Ashmolean Natural History Society of Oxfordshire” for 1904. Mr. Druce himself collected the plants in Nottinghamshire in 1878, in Oxfordshire in 1882, in Berks and in Norfolk. He has as yet been unable to see any description or figure of his plant in British or European works. Mr. P. M. Hall and Mr. R. B. Ullman, who have studied the Orchids from round Winchester with great assiduity, came independently to the opinion that it was a distinct species (a note on it appears in the curtailed ‘Report of the Winchester College Nat. Hist. Society”), and found it abundantly in Hampshire. A photograph by Mr. Bedford showed that it occurred near Lewes in Sussex. Reference was made to another and as yet undescribed form from the Coast Sands of Britain, as well as to a northern plant, but these await further investigation. : A NEW BRITISH ORCHIS. Feary] 40 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ FEBRUARY, 1914 eices| WINTER-BLOOMING CYPRIPEDIUMS. Bee! BEAUTIFUL series of winter-blooming Cypripediums is sent from _, the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., Hessle, E. Yorks, by. Mr. J. T. Barker, who remarks that they have considerably over, 1000 blooms open, forming a grand sight, and that they are most valuable for winter flowering. An example of the way they are grown may be. seen in the annexed. figure (for which we are indebted to the Journal of Horticulture), — which represents a plant of C. Leeanum Gratrixiz grown in the collection, and; the, series above mentioned includes a splendidly-developed: flower — from this plant. The dorsal sepal has an expanse of over three inches, and ~ has a light apple-green base and a purple median line, the rest being white. — The variety Corona has a twin-flowered scape, with a larger green ‘area — and. rows of brown. spots, which become purple as they extend into the — white area. The petals are also broader and the dorsal sepal less reflexed. — A third variety, called J. T. Barker, is most like the last, but has a smaller — green area and fewer spots. C. Leeanum is very variable, and is one of * the most popular kinds grown for cut bloom, the lasting quality of the — flowers being well known and appreciated. The blotched hybrids sent are very handsome, and include C. Euryades — the former having the dorsal sepal — and the petals very broad and ] dark, and the latter having numerous round purple spots on the dorsal — splendens and New Hall Hey var., almost covered with claret-red marbling, sepal, and a well-coloured lip and petals. Wellesley are handsomely blotched forms, Germaine Opoix is very finely developed. beautiful white flowers, copiously dotted on the rosy red, the characters of C. niveum and effectively combined. C. Dowlingianum has two C. insigne is represented by fine flowers of Harefield Hall var., Hessle: var., having a broad white border to the green dorsal sepal, and rather few brown blotches, and var: Sandere, the latter a very fine seedling raised true by self-fertilisation. the insigne type, C. fulshawense, with very broad well-col C. chrysotoxum var. Victor, C. Evansianum, sepal and petals, larger than C. Thalia, but less blotched, C. Stevensii, of oured segments, the Lathamianum type, but with a very. broad band.to the dorsal sepal ; a’ seedling said to be from C. Pollettianum and insigne Harefield Hall var., but most like the latter, and a second seedling, The latter has a twin-flowered — scape, and is very handsome. C. Thalia giganteum and. Mrs. Francis j in which. the C. Fairrieanum influence is well. shown, while the larger and equally well. blotched C.— petals and dorsal sepal with © C. Godefroyz being: very — The remainder are C. Troilus, a large flower of with well-blotched dorsal having many purple spots : | . | q FEBRUARY, 1914] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 4t on the dorsal sepal. They forma very beautiful series. Mr. Barker, who also sends photographs showing well-grown plants of C. Dowlingianum Fig 1o.. CypRIPEDIUM LEEANUM VAR. GRATRIXLE. and C. Minos Youngii, describes his method of treatment as follows :— All the winter-flowering varieties are grown during the winter months 42 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FeBRUARY, 1914, in a temperature of 60°, but during their season of growth a somewhat higher temperature is given. A humid atmosphere is maintained at all times, although during their flowering season the house is kept drier than at other periods. I find that a low temperature is not conducive to the production of either fine plants or flowers, though it is quite obvions that hybrids derived from species inhabiting diverse regions will show differences in their individual requirements. Soon after flowering all plants that are in want of new rooting material are examined and potted. Top-dressing is not practised, as I firmly believe repotting is much the better and simpler process. Owing to the great difficulty of obtaining good Orchid peat—which I should have greatly preferred—I decided, as an experiment, to make up a compost without a particle of peat fibre in it: Its ingredients are as follows: Equal portions of osmunda, polypodium, and Ar fibres, sphagnum moss, and a small quantity of good loam fibre, all thoroughly mixed together. This is now my favourite compost for all the green-leaved Cypripediums, and the plant of C. Leeanum Gratrixiz figured on page 41 was grown in it. Having used osmunda fibre and loam fibre in different quantities for these plants, I have never been satisfied with the results as compared with those obtained in the above-mentioned compost. I do not advocate the use of fibrous loam to — the extent of even a fifth, and this after turning piants out of their pots from nearly all sources, and in nearly all kinds of materials. I favour a nice clean healthy porous rooting medium, in which the plants make abundance of roots, and take up an abundance of water when in full growth. When loam is used in large quantities the root action is not so free as it isin a compost like the one prescribed. | In the production of large fine flowers with long stalks, the plants must not be cut to pieces continually, but be allowed to develop, each according to its will. The drainage of the pots must have careful consideration ; about a third of their depth is sufficient, and the crocks should be carefully placed in position. The plants should also be potted firmly. During hot weather the plants must be protected from the sun, and cleanliness must be observed at all times. Strong, vigorous plants should be the aim of the grower, and these, under suitable treatment, may be trusted to produce a fine crop of bloom at the proper season. The tessellated-leaved Cypripediums should have no loam added to the compost, but this should be replaced by another part of peat fibre. In such a compost the majority of my plants of this section, both large and small, are grown. Cypripedium niveum, concolor, bellatulum, and their hybrids are grown in a different material, which at some future time I hope to have the pleasure of describing in detail, with a photograph to illustrate their vigour, FEBRUARY, I914.] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 43 ~ CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR. FEBRUARY. By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s Hybridising Department. HE temperatures and general conditions described in the last issue will still hold good, and towards the end of the present month most of the plants will begin to show signs of renewed activity. As much work as possible should be accomplished, and so somewhat relieve the pressure later on. The repotting of the winter-flowering Cypripediums may be completed, and as root action increases so can water be given with more frequency. ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM ought still to be kept on the dry side, until the flower spikes are seen emerging from the new growth. The back pseudobulbs may shrivel, but this need not cause any anxiety, as they soon regain their rigidity when water is again applied. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA, with its numerous varieties and hybrids, must be placed within a reasonable distance of the roof glass in the Intermediate house, and if the leaves become sticky and adhere to each other it will be necessary to release them with the handle of a budding knife. This is most essential, or the Fuses will be crippled, and thrip will find a safe lodging place. CATTLEYAS and La&LIOCATTLEYAS that are growing must be kept moist at the root, but for those in a dormant state drier conditions may prevail. DENDROBIUMS.—Although not so popular as they were some years ago, the deciduous or spring-flowering section is still highly prized in many establishments. With a little management the flowering season can be prolonged, and another batch may be gradually brought along in a little extra heat before placing them in the warmest house. It is advisable not to excite the plants to any great extent by excessive watering or a very moist atmosphere. Our object should be to keep the pseudobulbs plump, and wherever possible to prevent the new growth from starting. Directly the buds are noticed more generous treatment may be given. The bulk of the Dendrobiums are generally left to take their normal course, when a good display of finely-coloured flowers will be secured in March and April. SEEDLING DENDROBIUMS.-—-When the repotting of the seedling Cypripediums is completed, similar attention should be bestowed upon the Dendrobiums. The new growths will now be sufficiently advanced to form a batch of roots at their base, and when these are visible the repotting can be done. Seedlings should always be repotted, not re-surfaced or top-dressed, as is sometimes suggested. A separate receptacle must be given to each plant as early in its career as possible, and for Dendrobiums a small pan is most suitable. To this a wire handle may be attached whereby they can be suspended from the roof in the Warm house, as the 44 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ FEBRUARY, 1914, stage is usually taxed to its utmost capacity where seedlings are concerned. The rooting medium consists of fibrous peat or osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss in equal parts, and must be cut up tolerably fine. Until the roots reach the edge of the pan careful watering is needed, or the new shoot will damp off. AERIDES, VANDAS, and ANGR2ZCUMS.—Towards the end of the month these should be examined and the old sphagnum moss removed and replaced with new. Where they have lost their lower leaves, and new roots are seen bursting out of the stem, it is best to repot them. The stems are cut back at the base to within a few inches of the living roots, and then placed in a pot so that the foliage is near to the soil. To achieve this object it will probably be necessary to put the stem in the receptacle before the drainage. Each pot may be half-filled with clean potsherds, and the compost should be made up of sphagnum and peat or osmunda fibre, with a good sprinkling of crushed crocks. From now the plants may receive a more liberal supply of water, and a higher degree of humidity should be maintained by damping down the stages, floors, and walls more frequently than at any time since September. The dwarf species are usually cultivated in small pans or baskets, and suspended near the roof 4 glass. Most of these plants are grown in the Warm house, but Aérides — Vandarum and A. japonicum should be given a position at the warmest end of the Cool division. MASDEVALLIAS.—The month of February is usually chosen for over — hauling the Masdevallias, and any that have filled their receptacles with roots should be potted on. Some will only need top-dressing with fresh material, while others may be allowed to stand over till September, or even — till next year. All the strong-growing kinds should be placed in ordinary flower pots, but the small species may be cultivated in pans and the Chimera group in teak-wood baskets. The best position is at the warmest end of the Cool house, but M. tovarensis, and what is known as the Saccolabiate section (M. Chimera and allies) should be removed to the Intermediate house for the winter months. The cultural requirements are much the same as for Odontoglossums, but Masdevallias ought never to suffer from dryness at the root. In regard to compost there is’ nothing better than peat and sphagnum moss, providing the former is of good quality, but where this is inferior osmunda or polypodium fibre may be — substituted. In repotting large specimens the leafless part of the rhizomes can be cut away, when in all probability a smaller pot will be needed. OponToGLossums and OponTiopAs.—There is no difference in the — cultural treatment of these two genera, and where even a: small collection of these beautiful Orchids are grown’a few will need repotting at intervals throughout the year. The bulk are generally done in August or September, — Frpruary, 1914.) _ THE ORCHID REVIEW. 45 but all those that now require a larger pot, and are rooting from the base of the current growth, can be repotted. Good drainage is essential, and the compost is the same as that advised for Masdevallias, although I have heard of some failures where osmunda fibre has been employed as a rooting medium. For a few weeks after being disturbed little direct watering will be needed, providing the surroundings are kept moist. At one time it was the rule to admit air indiscriminately, and to let the temperature fall to a few degrees above freezing point. But now a minimum temperature of 50° Fahr. is the general custom, and ventilation given with due regard to the weather. SEEDLING ODONTOGLOssUMS succeed better in a slightly higher temperature, and the sprayer or Abol syringe plays an important part in the successful culture of these tiny plants. It is also important that the compost be kept in a sweet condition, and insect pests held in check. If any seed capsules are ripe a portion of the seed can be sown at once around old plants or seedlings that do not require disturbance for some months. IMPORTED ORCHIDS.—At one time or another most growers have had to deal with newly-imported Orchids, and success depends very largely upon the condition of the plants when they arrive in this country. Directly they are received they should be carefully examined and all the decayed parts removed, when it is advisable to sponge them over and then suspend each piece from the roof at the coolest end of their respective divisions. Such subjects as Odontoglossums, Cattleyas, Dendrobiums, &c., may be sprayed over on most days until growth begins, when they can be placed in pots just large enough to comfortably take the pseudobulbs. Where large quantities are dealt with they may be put in pots at once, surrounded by broken potsherds, and as root action becomes apparent some of the potsherds can be replaced with the usual compost. With Vandas, Angrecums, &c., much the same procedure is followed, but as a rule more failures have to be recorded. Another method is to suspend them in a downward position, keeping the structure well shaded for a week or so, and dipping the plants about three times each week until they recover. All imported Orchids should be gradually inured to the light and the surroundings, and the plants should not be kept too dry. Excessive heat must also be guarded against, and careful watering will be necessary until they are well established. RAISING SEEDLINGS. In last month’s issue our Editor, speaking of the R.H.S. awards for the year, remarked that hybrids now greatly outnumber the species, ‘‘a fact of vast significance.” It is a far cry to the period when Calanthe Dominyi first made its appearance, and for a long time Orchid raising was confined to the few, but now it is quite a common pursuit, both in trade and private 46> THE ORCHID REVIEW. (FEBRUARY, 1914. collections. ' In all probability there are some amateurs who are also anxious to take up this interesting branch of orchidology, so perhaps a few remarks on the subject may be opportune. SEED-SOWING.-- There are two methods of sowing the seed. Such subjects as Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Dendrobiums, Epidendrums, and Brassavolas are sown upon prepared pots, but Cypripediums, Cymbidiums, Calanthes, Disas, Odontoglossums, and similar kinds are sown around the base of old plants. In dealing with the latter group success depends very © largely upon the selection of a suitable plant. The soil should be just below the rim, and in a sweet condition, while freedom from large heads of — sphagnum moss and lichenous growth is also important. Give a good — watering, and when the water has drained away the seed may be sown, evenly and thinly, on the surface. Afterwards water must be given with care or the seed will be washed away, and at no time ought the plants on — which the seed is sown to become really dry at the root. OponToGLossuMs.—Seed is sown in a similar way, but existing | seedlings are usually chosen in preference to older plants. This method is — no doubt the best, although of course they can be and have been raised around other examples, and where any difficulty arises a few partly-decayed : | oak leaves added to the compost generally brings about the desired result. To ensure a batch of seedlings two or three sowings from each cross should © be made, and the plants arranged in various parts of the Cool and Intermediate houses. EpipHyTES.—With Cattleyas and epiphytes generally a different method a is adopted. A small heated case is often fitted up at the warmest end of the East Indian house, where conditions more favourable to germination : can be maintained. The temperature should be 10° Fahr. or so higher than that prevailing in the house, and the atmosphere kept moist by a thin layer of cocoa-nut fibre at the bottom. A wood-work staging is placed upon inverted flower-pots, on which the seed-pans are arranged. PREPARATION OF SEED-PANS.—Either ordinary pots or pans without 4 side holes may be selected, and these are filled to one-half their depth with — drainage. A pot 3} inches in diameter is a suitable size, and a piece of canvas, — cheese cloth, or coarse calico is stretched over a ball of sphagnum moss, 4 the usual compost, and then pressed tightly in the chosen receptacle. The surface should be half an inch or so below the rim, and the sides may be filled with a thin layer of chopped sphagnum moss. This is occasionally 29 advantage, as seedlings sometimes appear on the sphagnum and not on the canvas, while the reverse has at times to be recorded. The prepared pots @ are then thoroughly soaked, and after a few hours the seed may be sown. GERMINATION.—A small pocket lens or watch-maker’s glass will be found most useful to examine_the progress of germination, and if the seed ‘ | ae Se peers ee aa me Fepruary, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47 ‘is fertile the little green globules will be seen in a few weeks from the time of sowing. A portion of the seed may be sown directly it is ripe and the remainder left until the days are longer. It is essential that when once sown the seeds should never be allowed to get dry, and a light sprayer. should be employed to keep them moist. It will be necessary to open the frame at intervals for ventilation, and at the same time to wipe off any accumulated moisture. If this is done every morning drip will be prevented. The treatment of the young seedlings may be left over until next month. Sines Y A VERY pretty white and brown Oncidium, with trailing inflorescence, said to have been received in a batch of mixed Orchids, has been sent to Kew for determination by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards ONCIDIUM ENGELII. Heath. It proves to be identical with a specimen preserved in Lindley’s Herbarium, which was collected in Venezuela, in 1854-56, by Fendler (n. 1378). It was labelled Oncidium zebrinum by Lindley, and is the type of his enumeration of Fendler’s Venezuelan plants (Mem. Amer. Acad., vill. p. 220), although it is quite distinct from O. zebrinum, Rchb. f., whose prettily undulate white flowers, regularly barred with purple, are well shown at t. 6138 of the Botanical Magazine. The present plant is apparently alluded to by Reichenbach under O. zebrinum (Gard. Chron., 1872, p. -1356), when he says ‘‘ Fendler’s variety differs in having the whole disc of the sepals violet, and a single such blotch at the base of the petals.” It can hardly be O. zebrinum var. brunneum (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1876, ii. p. 580), which is said to have brown bars on the sepals and petals in lieu of purple. Messrs. Charlesworth’s flowers agree with Fendler’s dried specimen in having the sepals uniformly brown, except for a narrow white margin and apex, while the petals are white with a small basal cluster of brown spots. The crest and basal part of the lip are light yellow, while the long attenuate, strongly recurved front lobe is suffused with light purple. ° Reichenbach’s note would be made from the dried specimen, but the colour is not violet, either living or dried. The flowers are larger and more compactly arranged than in O. zebrinum, and quite different in detail. It, however, agrees fairly well with O. Engelii, Rchb. f., described in 1877 from a dried specimen collected at Merida by Engel (Linnaa, xli. p. 22). This is said to have brown flowers with pale, whitish petals and lip. O. Engelii is not included in the list of Venezuelan Orchids given by Ernst in his interesting work, The Land of Bolivar (ii. pp. 192-220), but I think that Messrs. Charlesworth’s plant may well belong to it. It is a very distinct and attractive species. ASK; 48 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [FeBruary, 1914. - ee ORCHIDS AT LEYSWOOD, GROOMBRIDGE. EA ) N an illustrated article on the famous garden of Mrs. Temple, at Leyswood, Groomsbridge, under the care of Mr. E. Bristow, the — Journal of Horticulture remarks :— For many years Leyswood has been famous for its magnificent collection — of Orchids, which number many thousands. Of the twenty-eight glass- q houses, six are devoted to them, and these are no mean structures either, : the Cattleya house itself being considered one of the finest, outside trade — establishments, in the country. This house is capable of holding 13,000 fully-grown plants; it is 7oft. in length, 22ft: in width, and about 12ft. high. Well does the writer remember the difficulty of maintaining an equable temperature in this structure on a certain winter’s night some years - ago, when a seventy-mile nor’-easter was blowing ; it was the night of the H.M.S. “Gladiator” catastrophe. Odontoglossums occupy two other houses,. there being something over 2000 plants. These, of course, are grown quite cool, and the treatment they receive is evidently to: their liking, for the foliage is tinged with that healthy purplish glow that 4 signifies all is well with them. It is a wonderful sight to see the Odonto- a glossums in May, when the majority are flowering. Until several years ago the Odontoglossums were grown ‘on ash-covered slate slabs on the stagings, and at that time their culture was considered most difficult; subsequently the slabs were removed and the plants stood upon the wooden stage in order to allow of more air to circulate between the plants from the bottom ventilators. The advantage of this soon became apparent, and the slabs have never since been seen in the Odontoglossum houses. Lycastes, Dendrobiums, Calanthes, and Cypripediums are grown in large quantities, and among the choicest of the last-named now in flower are Acteus langleyense, Euryades New Hall var., Mrs. Francis Wellesley, Fascinatot superbum, Cupid, aureum Hyeanum, Mrs. Most VII., and several varieties of Leeanum. yn, Zeno King Edward 0 eR es i ao Ane Sy Ea (WALTERS a 60., = po gegen ROAD, " GROYDON, 8 a Hi LS 4 ee | | “@ Othe Orchir Review Ss | ) . > MeL REX: AprIL, 1914. No. 256. sa 7 a OUR NOTE BOOK. Ea eee QUESTION has been raised in the Gardeners’ Chronicle as to the way hybrids that have been re-crossed with one of their parents are to be named. Speaking of some hybrid Odontoglossums exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons at the R.H.S. meeting held on Februiry 28th last, we read :— *‘ A finely-formed flower (Rolfez. x Pescatorei) isa great improvement on O. Rolfeze (Pescatorei X Harryanum), but it ought to be known by that name, as no new element is introduced except in degree” (G.C., 1914, i. p- 157). It is perhaps a debateable point, but we hardly think that the full effect of such a suggestion can have been thought out. There are scores of such hybrids, andyas far as our observation goes they are generally distinct. To take a parallel.case. O. crispum has been crossed with O. Harryanum, yielding O. spectabile, which re-crossed with O. crispum gives O. amabile ;. and this again with O. crispum produces O. Jasper, yet all of them are distinct and their forms recognisable. Long ago Cypripedium (Selenipedium) Schlimii was crossed with C. longifolium, yielding C. Sedenii, and this was re-combined with both parents, yielding two perfectly distinct hybrids, which have long been known in gardens under the names of C. calurum and C. cardinale. The latter was again crossed with C. Schlimii, yielding a hybrid which was called C. Cardinal Schlim, not because there was any Cardinal of that name but just to indicate its parentage. We have seen it, but do not remember how far it could be called distinct. When hybrids are fertile it seems to us that it would be possible to connect quite distinct species by a series of intermediate links; and this is being done, to cite an example, in the case of Odontoglossum crispum, but we should not propose to bring them all under one name because no new element is introduced, though it may become unavoidable when they can no longer be distinguished. In practise: the case is generally not so simple, for much of the linking up that is being done is with hybrids that introduce a third or a fourth species, giving hybrids. we 97 98 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ APRIL, 1914 of multiple origin that will give plenty of trouble to students of nomencla- — ture in the future. A correspondent calls attention to the large number of hybrids of unrecorded parentage that are now being exhibited, and some of them certificated, and asks how they are to be dealt with in the records, for in course of time some of them will appear as parents and it will not then be possible to ignore them, even though they may be omitted now. The cals is not an easy one, but we are inclined to think that some of the difficulties © will disappear if the attempt be made to overcome them. Some of these plants are stray seedlings, and will in time be identified with others of the same batch, whose parents are known. In other cases the record has been lost, but in all probability the: parentage will be proved by subsequent : crosses, in which case it will be possible to fit them into their proper places. There would then be no need to ignore them. At the worst they could be referred to the hybrids they most resemble, as has already been done 1n 4 good many cases. Something of this kind has to be. done with natural ; hybrids, though the problem is somewhat simplified by the limited numbet i of species which grow together, and by the fact that the importations 1 . which they appear can generally be ascertained. In both it is a question i of tracing the parentage by the characters presented by the hybrids. It is 5 here that the difficulty of dealing with complex hybrids is most felt, for if ’ the presence of certain species can be traced there is always the complication — that similar results may be obtained by different methods of crossing; and : the wide range of variation seen in batches of complex hybrids out of the — ; fee jain ae eine Seu Tee ay Samer ee ee es i same ,sged-pod is:enough to’ shake one’s confidence in this method ie 4 analysis. Still, no other is possible, and there is no need to ignore P — because it is not an infallible guide in all cases. In this connection it may be mentioned that five remarkable cases of variation among Odontioda seedlings from the same batch, raised by _ Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., are described on another page, and that we have at last a white Odontioda,—at all events so far as the ground colour 1s concerned,—namely O. Latona var. Pearl, which is figured at page 105- It recalls the case of Odontioda Blushing-Bride, which appeared with M. Ch. Vuylsteke, though in that there is a distinct trace. of pink in the Lowe And there are cases of reversion towards the original Cochlioda Noetzlian@ among forms of Odontioda Chantecleer. Other surprises may be expected in the future. An article on Mendelism and the Plant Breeder appears in a recent issue of The Field, which contains advice that Orchidists may care to know AprIL, 1914.) THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 99 about, though whether they will follow it is another matter. “If you have a number of plants which look all alike with respect toa certain character —say that of a spotless white flower—and if this character be one which you have striven to produce and wish to perpetuate, do not treat the plants as a mob—the writer seems to imply that you have been doing this— “treat them as individuals. Save seeds from plants which have been self- fertilised ; keep and sow the seed separately from each plant, raise a dozen or more from each of these families. If they all come true to whiteness your additional labour has been wasted; but if only some come true you have the satisfaction of knowing that.you have spared yourself several tedious years’ work in ‘selection.’”’ And the writer adds: ‘‘ Not alittle of the selection that goes on in nurseries is nothing but an endeavour to get chance to do more slowly what the breeder may (the italics are his) be able to do swiftly for himself. This advice is hardly necessary in the case of the Orchid breeder, who certainly treats his plants individually in the matter of crossing, and what he chiefly wants to find out is how to obtain the qualities that he desires to perpetuate without introducing the undesirable ones also present in the parents that he uses. It is here that Mendelism fails him. In short, there is no royal road tosuccess. ‘‘ If you seek to combine two different characters possessed by two individuals,” the writer continues, ‘‘ and if both characters fail to appear in the first generation, you have good reason to hope to get them back in the second.” This is called the ‘‘ Mendelian paradox,” and the breeder will doubtless make a note of it. We hope he will now make a few more experiments in self-fertilisation, though we confess it is for a some- what different reason. pan ROOMS ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM WITH ANTHER-BEARING PETALS AND LIP.—A very remarkable if not absolutely unique peloria of Odontoglossum crispum is sent by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. It is of the Lady Jane type, and the spike bears eleven not fully developed flowers, but the remarkable thing is that all the petals and lips bear an additional anther, or at all events a pair of pollinia, for all are borne in a pair of small parallel sacs close to the apex. None of them have the stipes and gland, showing that the supernumerary organs belong entirely to the staminal whorl. Again, the column is normal, with its pair of wings and the normal anther and pollinarium. The petals, as already remarked, are of the Lady Jane type, und bear a zone of elongated brown blotches on the upper half, while the sepals are generally unblotched. The lip is also dwarfed, and bears the usual crest, the additional anther being placed in front of this. It will be interesting to see what the next flowers are like. - R.A.R. 100 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ APRIL, 1914. HE flowering of an interesting hybrid Ophrys, raised by M. Fernand Denis, Balaruc-les-Bains, Herault, France, from O. tenthredinifera crossed with the pollen of O. aranifera, was recorded two years ago (O.RG Xx. p. 199). It is believed to have been the first batch of hybrid Ophryses — obtained artificially. M. Denis now writes that he has over forty seedlings in flower or bud, and he sends the spikes of five of them, which prove extremely interesting, for they confirm the parentage of a wild hybrid which has been recorded from three localities in Italy, under the names of : ©. Grampinii, Cortesi, and O. etrusca, Asch. & Grabn. The examples sent are quite intermediate between the parents, but show a certain amount of : variation between themselves. O. aranifera, it may be remarked, has green sepals and petals, and a dark brown lip with a pale, almost H-shaped marking on the disc, while O. tenthredinifera has large rose-purple flowers, with a broad lip, brown at the base, with a few pale markings, and yellowish green at the margin. The hybrids have greenish sepals and petals — with a slight rosy tinge, and the lip is suffused with light brown in three — cases, and darker in the other two, with much variation in the markings — on the disc. In one case there is a marked difference in the shape and — markings between two flowers on the same stem. We congratulate M. Denis on the success of his experiment, and hope that others will be made, — for there are many natural hybrids in this charming little genus. Camus — records as many as eighteen in his recent Monograph of the Orchids of Europe, and two or three of them are British, including O. hybrida, Pokorny, which was figured at page 233 of our thirteenth volume, together with its two parents, O. aranifera and O. muscifera. It may be added that 7 no fewer than eleven of these eighteen hybrids are said to have O. aranifera — as one.parent. R.A.R. > Oto OrcHIDS AT KEW SEVENTY YEARS AGO.—The last issue of the Kew Bulletin states that a manuscript list of Stove and Greenhouse Plants in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, by Alexander Smith, son of John Smith, — senior, for many years Curator of the Gardens, has been presented by Mr. © J. R. Jackson, formerly Curator of the Museums. It affords an interesting — glimpse of the Orchid collection at that period, though the species are not enumerated in detail. represented in it. OPHRYS GRAMPINII. Ee SPSL ee coat Fate ker 2p heehee ek RE ie ipo Sp San Fes BIN There is, however, a reference to a “ special list” ” of 4 815 species, which is said to have included a large number of inconspicuous — kinds obtained from the famous Loddiges, and thus it will appear that the : collection has long been remarkable for the large number of species : RR SE ay PES oe ee coals nay. ea gis VANE TNE Ros ee ERS BP A epee See mee RABIN Re ay I, aT OR Oey Ne a er ne APRIL, 1914.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. IOI | & | NOMENCLATURE OF HYBRIDS. | & | OME time ago we promised to deal with hybrid nomenclature from the historical standpoint, and the chief difficulty is that Orchid hybridisation is a comparatively modern development, so that we must travel beyond the bounds of Orchidology for a few early illustrations. The Laws of Botanical Nomenclature are supposed to date from the International Botanical Congress held at Paris in 1867, but so far as hybrids are concerned they scarcely did more than confirm rules drawn up thirty years earlier by one of the pioneers of plant hybridisation, Dean Herbert, who was also a systematist of no mean capacity. In studying the Amaryllidee Herbert found that in certain genera the hybrids outnumbered the species, largely owing to the practise of giving a separate name to every seedling that possessed distinguishing characters, without regard to its origin, a custom which he described as very objectionable, and one that the writers of all botanical works should set their faces sternly against. In the case of Hippeastrum he showed that out of a total of 105 names enumerated by Sweet no fewer than eighty were hybrids, and many of these of similar origin. He then drew up a list, showing thirty-one distinct combinations (one of which had not yet flowered), and of these seventeen only were primary hybrids. Herbert’s Rules of Nomenclature were drawn up in rather discursive form, but may be summarised as follows :— (x) All hybrids between forms of the same two species (including reverse crosses) were considered as forms of the same hybrid. (2) An alternative set of names was admitted, (a) a single name, limited to the genitive of a personal name or the place where a hybrid was raised, and (b) a ‘‘ descriptive double name,” including the names of the parents, that of the male parent being placed first, with the proviso, however, that all reverse crosses should be included under the original name. (Example Hippeastrum Johnsonii or H. regio-vittatum). (3) Any distinct varieties were to be distinguished by the addition of varietal “ florists’ names, such as Juno, Ceres, Catillus, Napoleon, Alompra, Sigismunda, &c.,” these, however, ‘deserving no place in a_ botanical arrangement, belonging froperly to the catalogues of cultivators.” Adjectival names for hybrids were rejected by Herbert, these being expressly reserved for the natural species, but in other respects his system was in agreement with the modern one of giving a formula and a specific name, with additional varietal names as necessary, for what he called the ‘descriptive double name” simply indicated the two parents, whether ‘species or hybrids—and in four cases both parents were themselves hybrids. 102 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. His method of using genitive names only for hybrids, however, soon proved unworkable. There is little to be said about any earlier method. The system of indicating the parentage in a double name soon broke down, being only possible in the.case of primary hybrids, and even then it is sometimes too long. Both objections are illustrated in a single example from Herbert. Hippeastrum Donnii or “ Hookeri-Haylocki” is the product of crossing H. solandrifloro-bulbulosum with H. Grahami-vittatum ; and even then it is necessary to explain that H. Grahami is from H. vittatum x Johnsoni, and H. Johnsoni from H. vittatum x regium, before one realises that H. Donnii is derived from four original species by a complex system of crossing. We can now better understand the position when Messrs. Veitch’s first artificial hybrid Orchid flowered, and why it was called Calanthe Dominyi by Lindley, for the name was quite in harmony with Herbert's system. Messrs. Veitch’s second hybrid, however, was exhibited as Cattleya hybrida, and the third as C. Dominiana. Somewhat later Reichenbach re-introduced descriptive adjectival names, as Phaius irroratus, Cypripedium vexillarium, C. stenophyllum, &c., and finally, in order to distinguish them from species, he began the practise of placing the sign of hybridity, x, before the specific names of hybrids. The next innovation was the introduction of classical names for hybrids, as Cypripedium Io, and this was followed by a set of vernacular names, as Cattleya Miss Harris, Cypripedium Charles Canham, C. Mrs. Canham (the reverse of the preceding), Cattleya Lamberhurst Hybrid, &c., the latter development being an unfortunate. extension that has led to endless confusion, not so much through the use of such names as through using them in the wrong place. The fact is a florist’s name is a varietal name of which the specific appellation is omitted or understood, and consequently it is not governed by the rules for Specific names. A specific name is different, and the rule that it must consist of a single word, or of two short. words that can be joined by a hyphen, has a sound basis of common sensé and convenience behind it. Varietal names can then be added euphoniously, even when they are personal names consisting of two or three words, which cannot be said when the latter are used as specific names. Such a name as Cattleya William Murray fulgens is incongruous: —and we have many worse—but the modified form, Cattleya Murrayi fulgens is quite euphonious, which shows the utility of the rule. This is rather a digression, but its significance will now be apparent. Hybrid Orchids were now becoming more numerous, and were often exhibited without being described as in the early days. Moreover, as We have already seen, they were being named under two or three different, systems, and with an unnecessary amount of duplication, all of which € APRIL, 1914.] THE: GRCHID:.REVIEW. : 103, tended to confusion and led to many complaints. At length, in 188g, the R.H.S. appointed a Committee to draw up Rules of Nomemclature for the Society’s guidance. The Committee’s Repoit appeared in the following year, and included the provision that hybrids between species should be named in Latin, and those between varieties in the vernacular, with the recommendation that’ the Society should refuse to recognise names not in accordance with these rules. Whether the rules were adequate or not need not concern us, but it is a matter of history that they were very partially followed, and did little to check the rapidly growing confusion. The subject of Hybrid Nomenclature was again dealt with at the International Botanical Congress held at Vienna in 1905, when it was agreed that (a) Hybrids should be designated by a formula and a name, the formula to consist of the name of the two parents in alphabetical order, connected by the sign X, and the name to be subject to the same rules as. names of species, with the addition of the sign x before the name, and (6): that forms and half-breeds among cultivated plants should receive fancy names in common language. Secondary hybrids, it will be seen, were not provided for in either case, though they were responsible for the major part of the confusion, owing to the amount of variation and reversion they present—of which the case of Cypripedium aureum is a notorious example. This omission was provided for in the Orchid Stud-Book, which recommended (a) that hybrids between species should receive specific names, Latin or classical, consisting of a single word, (6) that hybrids between the same two species should be considered forms of one, any sufficiently distinct forms being distinguished by suitable varietal names, and (c) that secondary hybrids, 7.¢., those im which one or both parents are themselves hybrids, should as far as possible be dealt with under the preceding rules. There was a final recom- mendation, that ‘‘ existing names which do not conform to the same rules may be amended, the original idea, however, being conserved as far as possible,” which has led to much difference of opinion, and was discussed in detail at the following International Botanical Congress, held at Brussels. in 1910 (see O.R., xix. pp. 129-133, 322-325). At this Congress the subject of Horticultural Nomenclature was specially considered, and some modifications and additions made. It was, however, agreed (a) that hybrids between the same two species should bear the same specific name, (6) that names should be in Latin or in a common language written with Latin characters; (c) that ternary or more complex hybrids should follow the same rules as ordinary hybrids; (d) that “names of varieties should be expressed whenever possible by a single word, the use of three words, however, being permitted as a maximum”; and (e) that “‘ the same rule applies to the specific names of hybrids.” 104 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. There is an unfortunate confusion of ideas in this last clause, which is not only out of harmony with the context but is opposed to all preceding rules. A hybrid is not a variety, and the common name to which varietal names are to be added is a specific name. Now the Congress adopted existing rules for species, but this clause reduces species and varieties to the same level, a condition of things that cannot be maintained. How such a -clause came to be inserted we do not know, but, fortunately, we have evidence how the preceding clause was arrived at. After a long discussion the matter was put to the vote, when, the report states, one delegate voted for ‘‘a name of one word only ; two for one word, if possible; six for one — -or two words; five for one to three words; one for a maximum of four words ; six for the fewest words possible; and one for any number of words, — without limit.” After such a vote—the object of which was to give us a 1 lear guiding light for the future !—anything was possible. 4 Apart from the last-mentioned lapse the intention of the rules is clear | , from the outset, and may now be summarised as follows :— q | Hybrids of similar origin, whether the parents are species or baal | and including reverse crosses, shall be considered forms of one, and shall | bear the same specific name, varieties being distinguished by the addition ~ -of suitable varietal names. | ; ; The specific name of a hybrid shall be limited to a single word, with the exception that two words may be used when they can be joined bya @ hyphen. Short words should be used as much as possible, those exceeding 4 ‘SIX rn being considered inadmissible. 4 - Names of varieties should be expressed whenever possible by a single 4 word, the use of three words, however, being permitted as a maximum. Other points, such as the way the formula shall be written, the nature of the name, and the use of the sign of hybridity, seem to us of subordinate 3 importance.. The great thing is to have a simple and intelligible system of 4 nomenclature, that can be added to as required. It seems to us that either 7 Latin, classical, or vernacular specific names may be used provided they — conform to the rules. The sign of hybridity, x, is not required when the formula is given, and both are generally aitted in ordinary use, for — purposes of brevity. Other points are oe provided for, with the possible exception of 7 hybrids recrossed with their parents, no new element being introduced, and hybrids of identical specific composition, though obtained in different way but these do not affect the questions dealt with in the preceding article, — and particularly that of the specific names of hybrids. There has been 4 great improvement in this matter of late, and we are not without hope that — a general understanding will be reached, and so pave the way for a more = stable nomenclature in the future. R.A.R. | APRIL, 1914.] THE: ORCHID. REVIEW. 105 Ie ODONTIODA LATONA VAR. PEARL. EVERAL cases of reversion have been recorded among secondary hybrid Odontiodas, but none more remarkable than that of O. Latona var. Pearl, which is here figured from a photograph kindly sent by Clive Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam. The seed bearer was the handsome O. Bradshawize Cookson’s var. (O. crispum X C. Neetzliana), and the pollen was derived from Odontoglossum spectabile (crispum X Harryanum). It will thus appear that both parents are half derived from O. crispum, and the seedling—the only one that has yet flowered—has Fig. 17. ODONTIODA LATONA VAR. PEARL. almost reverted to that species so far as colour is concerned, though ir _ shape the influence of the seed bearer is more apparent, as a glance at the figure given at page 113 of our seventeenth volume will show. This is especially apparent in the shape and details of the column and lip, though the latter is somewhat broadened, perhaps by the influence of O. Harryanum, which is otherwise difficult to trace. A living flower was also sent. The ground colour is white, with a tinge of yellow on the lip, and there are two or three small light brown blotches at the base of the sepals, a single oblong blotch at the base of the petals, and several similar blotches 106 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. round the yellow crest of the lip. The seed parent of O. Bradshawie Cookson’s var. was a good white O. crispum—this being the only case in which Mr. Chapman has successfully used the Cochlioda as the pollen p.irent—and we believe that the crispum parent of Odontoglossum spectabile was an unblotched form. It is a remarkable novelty, and when the seedling becomes stronger it would be interesting to self-fertilise it, to see whether the scarlet of the Cochlioda or the yellow and brown of O. Harryanum return in any of the seedlings. Odontioda Latona was originally raised by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, and was exhibited at the Holland House Show in 1912, when it was recorded as a richly-coloured form with darker blotches (O:Re XX. p. 247), but Messrs. Charlesworth informs us that later seedlings from the batch have shown a considerable amount of variation, as in other batches of secondary hybrid Odontiodas. We also recall the handsome O. Latona Fowler’s var., from the collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford, which received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in December, 1912, this having rosy blush sepals and petals, heavily blotched with brownish crimson, and the front of the lip white (O.K., Sx1. p. 34): VARIATION IN SECONDARY HYBRID ODONTIODAS. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. have sent us a series of Odontiodas from five different crosses, to show the remarkable amount of variation among the secondary hybrids. Three are from O. Charlesworthii and one each from O. Vuylstekez and O. Bohnhofiz. O. RoyaL-Gem (QO. Vuylstekee 2? x Odontoglossum armainvillierense) — is represented by five very distinct forms: 1, white with large purple-red blotches, most recalling a well-blotched O. Pescatorei; 2, yellowish white, with broad, rosy margin and large dark red-brown blotches; 3) 4 rosy lilac self, with a darker blotch and some yellow on the lip; 4, pale rose with heavy dark rose blotches, and much yellow on the lip; and 5, a very handsome dark rosy carmine self, with the basal half of the lip ruby-crimson, and some yellow in front. The resemblance to O. Pescatorel in shape is always very marked, coming in through both parents. (For two other forms see O.R., xxi. p. 139). O. Joan (O. Charlesworthii x Odontoglossum armainvillierense ? ) is 4 represented by eight distinct forms: 1, pale yellow, with a light rosy suffusion and large chocolate brown blotches; 2, light yellow, with light cinnamon orange blotches, and the apex of the lip buff yellow ; 3, chocolate brown with a few yellow markings; 4, sepals dark salmon red, petals blotched with the same on a pink ground, and lip yellow with a round central blotch ; 5, salmon red, with the base of the lip crimson, and much Apa, 39104 THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107 yellow in front ; 6, a clear crimson-scarlet self, with orange-scarlet lip, and a little light yellow on each side of the crest ; 7, chocolate-purple with rosy reticulation (owing to the blotches being nearly confluent), and apex of lip lilac: and 8, near the last except in having the blotches violet-purple, and a broad blotch across the lip. Here O. Pescatorei comes in through only one parent, being replaced by O. Harryanum in the other, hence a marked resemblance to the latter in shape and colour. (For four others see O.R..,. XXi. p. 139). O. MADELINE (O. Charlesworthii * Og. crispum blotched form 2) is: represented by five diverse forms: 1, pale yellow, with zones of light brown; 2, ivory white with orange-crimson bars; 3 pale yellow, barred and zoned: with rich crimson, and the lip yellow with a crimson blotch; 4, pale yellow, very heavily barred with crimson; and 5, a dark chocolate-purple self with a few yellow markings on the lip. Here O. Pescatorei is entirely replaced by a blotched form of O. crispum. O. Patricia (O. Charlesworthii x Og. Phoebe ?) is represented by five diverse forms; 1, heavily zoned with crimson-brown on a yellowish white ' ground; 2, rather more heavily marked and of better shape; 3, yellow with heavy crimson-brown blotches ; 4, almost dark chocolate-purple with many small yellow lines between the blotches; and 5, a dark chocolate- brown self, with much yellow on the lip. Here half the O. crispum is replaced by O. cirrhosum, giving very accuminate segments and an elongate and branched spike. (For five others see O.R., xxi. p. 167). O. BRUNETTE (O. Bohnhofie ? xX Og. Harryanum) is represented by eight different forms: 1, yellow with heavy chocolate-brown blotches; 2, rather similar, but the front of the lip yellow; 3, segments and lip all heavily blotched with chocolate-purple ; 4, chocolate-purple with narrow yellow lines between the blotches, and the lip yellow with many small purple blotches below; 5, a light brown self; 6, a purple-red self; 7, a darker purple-red self of good shape ; and 8, still darker purple, with very acuminate segments and an orange blotch on the base of the lip. Here O. cirrhosum comes in through the Odontioda parent, giving an acuminate shape to the segments, while O. Harryanum comes in separately, giving an unusually dark colour. It is a remarkable series, and Messre Charlesworth remark that it affords an excellent illustration of what may be expected in the future. It is difficult to give an idea of the range of colour variation in a few words, and there are also differences in shape. It is fortunate that the parentage has been carefully recorded, for otherwise it is doubtful if some of them would have been correctly identified. Several of them are very handsome and will certainly be heard of again, for in many cases they are small seedlings producing their first flowers. 108 THE ORCHID REVIEW. 'APRIL, 1914. [Eeisess| PLEIONE. POGONIOIDES. Ary HIS distinct and pretty Chinese Pleione has at last flowered in cultivation, having been sent to Kew for determination by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. It is said to have been received from China two years ago. Plants were previously sent by Mr. E. H. Wilson to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, and one of them was grown at Kew but did not get strong enough to flower. The species was discovered as long ago as May, 1881, by Mr. T. Bullock, on wet rocks near Wu hu, in the province of An hwei, at an altitude of 3000 feet, and was briefly mentioned by Dr. Hance under the name of Pogonia sp. (Journ. Bot., 1885, p. 247). It was afterwards met with by Dr. Herry on high mountains near Patang, and described as Ccelogyne (Pleione) pogonioides, Rolfe (Kew Buill., 1896, p. 196), and afterwards as Pleione pogonioides (O.R., xi. p. 291). Dr. Henry states that the bulbs are used in medicine, yielding a drug known as Pen-mu. Among cultivated species it is most comparable with the Indian P. Hookeriana (Bot. Mag., t. 6388), but the flower is larger and both the segments and lip are light purple, the disc of the latter, however, being paler and having four fringed keels. Like that species, the leaves and flowers are borne together. It is an interesting addition toa very pretty little genus. R.A.R. ——-—___ EPIDENDRUM O’BRIENIANUM: ANOTHER MENDELIAN| EXPERIMENT.— ‘The result of self-fertilising Epidendrum kewense has already been recorded (O.R., xv. p. 58; xvii. pp. 13, 69). On the second occasion we remarked: “It would be interesting to self-fertilise E. O’Brienianum, for the parents show well-marked differences, both in floral and vegetative characters.” This has since been done, and two seedlings of the resulting batch are now in flower at Kew, and reproduce the character of the original in all respects. In the earlier experiment the chief differences between the parents (E. evectum and E. xanthinum) is in the colour of the flowers (purple self and yellow self), but in the latter (evectum x radicans) there are other differences. E. radicans has a rooting stem, a decurved column, and scarlet flowers. No segregation is apparent in the vegetative characters of the seedlings, and the same applies to the floral characters of the two now in bloom. Many years ago we saw seedlings of E. O’Brienianum obtained by crossing with the pollen of Dendrobium crystallinum (0.R., il. P- 291; vil. p. 199), and they were practically reproductions of the mother plant. It was not quite clear whether it was a case of false hybridism or of accidental self-fertilisation, but if the latter it would confirm the present in- dications that Epidendrum O’Brienianum is a stable hybrid. R.A.R. - a Nis = cer. ; APRIL, 1914] THE ORCHID REVIEW. Toy CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR APRIL. By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s Hybridising Department. HROUGHOUT the present month careful attention must be paid to the shading and ventilation of the various divisions, as the weather is usually very changeable. We shall no doubt experience intervals of bright sunshine which will be injurious to young growth if unprotected, while a period of cloud, perhaps accompanied by a cold shower of rain, will cause a sudden fall in the temperature if due precautions are not taken by closing the ventilators. In regard to ventilation we must consider the local conditions—in fact these play an important part in Orchid culture— houses in sheltered situations can be more freely ventilated than those in exposed districts. Here it may be expedient to lower the blinds earlier in; the day, and a good plan for the amateur to follow is to run them down directly the leaves feel warm to the touch. The Intermediate: and:Cool houses must be particularly watched to prevent the temperature rising: excessively high, and when the thermometer records 65° in the former and 60° in the latter the blinds ought to be lowered at once. They should remain down on these Cool houses till the sun has ceased to shine on the roof, but with warmer houses, especially those devoted to Cattleyas and their allies, the blinds must be removed an hour or so before that time, or as soon as all danger from the sun’s rays is past. A moist, growing atmosphere must be maintained in each department, and to this end the floors and stages should be damped down whenever they become dry. Each plant that is growing should be afforded a liberal supply of water, and any specimens that require top-dressing or repotting must be taken in hand before root action is very far advanced. Plants: pushing up their flower scapes ought to be kept just moist at the base, and such as Cattleyas, &c., may be neatly staked before the buds are fully grown. Such subjects as Oncidiums, and any Orchid that is showing signs of going back, must have their spikes cut off if the pseudobulbs begin to shrivel. The dwarf-growing Odontoglossum Rossii, Oerstedii, and Cervantesii are allowed a short season of repose as they pass the flowering stage, but they must not be dried off to any great extent. Most of the Pleiones are growing freely on a shelf or suspended near the roof glass in the Intermediate division, and must be given plenty of water until the bulbs are near completion. Coelogyne cristata will need water in small quantities till root action is evident, when any fresh compost can be applied. Frequent disturbance at the root is not advisable, but it 1s often possible to work in a little new soil between the growths without. repotting the plants. The Mexican Leelias ought to receive plenty of light aro THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. and will only need shading during the middle of the day if the house is properly ventilated. SEEDLINGS.—I have already referred to the various methods of sowing the seed, and will now endeavour to make a few remarks upon the subsequent treatment of the seedlings. Where seed was sown earlier in the year, it should now be showing signs of vitality, and forming: little green globules. ‘These eventually become pointed, and in due time tiny roots are formed. At this stage they can be pricked off into what is known as store pots, but at one time thimble pots were employed, which were plunged in some moisture-holding material. Several seedlings are placed in the former and one in the latter. The last-named method has its advantages, as the ‘seedling has a separate existence from the start, and it can be moved on when ready without disturbing other seedlings, but they occupy more space, and thus it is only practicable where small quantities are raised. PREPARATION OF STORE POTS.—These should be filled one-third of their depth with drainage, over which is placed a thin layer of the usual potting mixture. Whatever is used for the top layer it must be cut up rather fine, and a tolerably firm and even surface made. It may consist of a mixture of osmunda fibre, peat, and sphagnum moss, with a few partly-decayed leaves -or Belgian leaf soil, while many choose sphagnum alone. When preparing the latter it will be necessary to pick off the large heads, or the seedlings will -quickly be over-grown. The surface should be just. below the rim of the pot, and each must be given a thorough watering. After a few hours have lapsed they will be ready for the seedlings, providing the soil has become warm. A convenient distance between each seedling is a quarter of an inch, or less if very small, and when the operation is finished a light spray may be given to keep them in their positions. The receptacles in which the seed was sown can be returned to the raising case, if it contains any of ‘the little green globules and sufficient has not been pricked off. SUBSEQUENT TREATMENT.— Where there is enough space the store pots -can be arranged in the seedling case for a few weeks, and failing this they should be placed near the glass in the warmest house. A moist atmosphere is necessary, and the pots must be sprayed over occasionally, while they should be protected from all strong sunlight. If the conditions are favourable the seedlings will soon increase in size, and in a few months be large enough to go three or four in-a thumb pot; but it is advisable to pot them off singly as soon as possible, then their individual requirements ca” be fully dealt with. ODONTOGLOSSUM AND OTHER COOL-GROWING SEEDLINGS.—Jhe procedure in regard to potting and soil is much the same as fot Caeyys &c., but a cooler house is needed. A.temperature of 55° ' ‘60° F. is best for these plants, and they must. be carefully shaded at all APRIL, 1914.] THE ORCHID ‘REVIEW. III times. Cleanliness is a most important factor, and thrip must be rigorously excluded, or little or no progress will be made. Our object should be to keep them growing from the time of germination until the flowering stage is reached. If at any time fungi or lichenous growth attack the seed pans or store pots, the seedlings ought to be removed into fresh soil at once, irrespective of season or growth. Most collections are troubled more or less with the small ‘“‘ moss”’ fly, and there seems to be no way of eradicating this nuisance. It is introduced with the potting material, and if they are at all numerous the compost becomes a sour mass in which no Orchids will thrive. A good planis to spray over the seedlings before vaporising the house, or to vaporise immediately after the usual watering is done. An occasional spraying with a weak solution of XL All liquid insecticide or the new phytophiline is also beneficial. SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA.—This brilliant little Orchid may be repotted or top-dressed when new roots are seen at the base of the partly- developed growths. Large receptacles are not required, and only a small quantity of soil is needed. Suspend them from the roof either in the Cool or Intermediate house. DENDROBIUMS.—In some establishments there is a Dendrobium house, but this is not really necessary where other warm Orchids are cultivated, or an ordinary plant stove exists. They need ample heat and moisture while growing, but directly they have completed their season’s growth a cooler and drier house must be chosen, or an early vinery is. an ideal spot, if such accommodation can be procured. During the present month some of the nobile section will require attention at the root. Any that are in need of it must be repotted in a mixture of osmunda fibre, AI fibre, and fresh sphagnum moss. After being disturbed at the base, water must be applied discreetly, or many of the new shoots will damp off, but when the roots reach the edge of the pots or pans they ought to be liberally supplied until the pseudobulbs are fully developed. Throughout the growing period they should receive as much light as possible short of scorching the foliage. The number of hours that a thin shading will be needed largely depends upon the position of the structure. A close, stuffy atmosphere must be avoided, and when the external air is above 40° F. the bottom ventilators may be open an inch or so both day and night. When the weather is hot a light spraying overhead and an: occasional syringing between the pots may be practised with beneficial results. Tuuntas.—As these plants start into growth, they should be overhauled and afforded fresh rooting material. The whole of the soil is shaken away, the dead roots cut off, and the plants repotted in a mixture of sphagnum moss, fibrous loam, and one of the well-known fibres. The stems may either be potted separately or three or four in a receptacle, but each stem 112 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. ought to have a support to hold it in position until the new shoot gets well away. . When the repotting is completed, the plants may be given a light, sunny position in the warmest division, or for preference in the Dendrobium house if one is set apart for this class of Orchid. For afew weeks careful watering must be the rule, but once they are established plenty of moisture at the base is essential, and every facility provided tozassist them in making fine sturdy bulbs, as their growing period is a comparatively short one. A weak application of manure water, with a little soot thrown in, is beneficial: when the pots are full of roots, but it should be discontinued directly the flower scapes are seen peeping out of the top of the stems. After flowering they are gradually dried off, and take a long resting season in a temperature of 50° or 55° F. CaTASETUMS,—-This is a genus of curious Orchids, but a few of the species, such’as macrocarpum, Bungerothii, and splendens are well worth cultivating from.the decorative standpoint. They are often grown in teak wood baskets, but pots or pans do equally well, and they can be planted in the ordinary Orchid compost. The Catasetums need similar treatment in the growing season to Dendrobiums, but they require a long rest during the winter months. The Mormodes and Cycnoches may also be grown in~ the same house. All should be repotted when the new growth is about to push out roots, and receive plenty of water and heat through the summer months. ‘ Nanopes Mepus# should be placed near the glass in the Intermediate house, preferably at the coolest end, and receive liberal waterings from now onwards. It delights in a porous compost, which must be renewed at intervals as the necessity arises. The curious flowers that appear at the end of the succulent growths are always a source of interest. LissocHILus.—These fine terrestrial Orchids may be repotted in 4 mixture of fibrous loam, leaf-mould, and sand directly new growth is apparent, and grown in a warm moist house. During this period plenty of water must be afforded, but when the season’s growth is finished a decided rest is needed in slightly cooler surroundings. Heavy shade is not conducive to the production of strong spikes. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA, with its many beautiful varieties, will soon be pushing up their flower spikes, and each plant should be examined occasionally to see that their progress is not retarded by sticking to the leaf surrounding them. They can be released with the handle of a budding knife. If slugs are prevalent a band of cotton wool arranged around each scape will help to protect them from these marauders, but it is not aa infallible remedy. A walk round each night with a lamp will be more effectual, and a few balls of cockroach paste should be put down at intervals, for these pests are also very destructive. Sane etiee Soy et 8 aun APRIL, 1914] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113 years ODONTIODA QUEEN-MARY. Areiys HE accompanying figure represents the handsome Odontioda Queen- Mary (Odontioda Vuylstekee x QOdontoglossum eximium), which oO was exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, at the Royal International Horticultural Exhibition, held at Chelsea in May, 1g12, and was awarded a First-class Certificate by the Orchid Committee Fig. 16. ODONTIODA QUEEN-MARY. of the Royal Horticultural Society. The figure is reproduced from a Photograph sent by the exhibitors. It is a hybrid of excellent shape, and remarkably brilliant colour; the sepals and petals being dark scarlet-red, margined with light rose, and the petals having also a distinct yellowish- white line some little distance within the margin. The lip is pandurately three-lobed, with a yellowish ground-colour, a large crimson blotch in front 2? Oot THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. of the yellow crest, and the apex white with a few salmon-red markings. The plant has passed into the fine collection of W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood, near Manchester. & SOCIETIES. ES) RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. MEETING was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent. Square, Westminster, on March roth, when there was a fine display of Orchids, which, owing to the special Bulb Competition, were almost confined to the Orchid annexe, and rather crowded. The awards consisted of eight medals, one First-class Certificate, and two Awards of Merit. Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, F. M. Ogilvie, R. A. Rolfe, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, G. Hunter, A. Dye, E. H. Davidson, S. W. Flory, C. Cookson, W. Bolton, and de Barri Crawshay. Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. Mr. Alexander), sent the handsome Leeliocattleya Glaucus Westonbirt vat. (L. purpurata X L.-c. rubens), bearing four brilliantly-coloured flowers, and a very striking Sophrocattleya (see Awards). E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge Wells, sent Cattleya Triane Broadlands var., and Leliocattleya Marion (L.-c. Clive x L. tenebrosa) most like the former in shape, and with richly-coloured flowers. W. C. Clark, Esq., Boscombe, Bournemouth, showed Leliocattleya luminosa Clark’s var., having rosy buff sepals and petals, and the front of the lip rose-purple. The Earl of Craven, Coombe Abbey, Coventry (gr. Mr. H. Chandler), sent Leliocattleya corneliensis (L.-c. Haroldiana x C. Schroedere), 4 charming yellowish white flower, with the front of the lip rose-purple. H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day), sent the fine Brassocatlelia Joan, and Sophrocatlelia Marathon Goodson’s var. F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth), sent a fine Lycaste Skinneri alba, Cattleya Empress Frederick var. alba, and 2 — good C. Triane. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Odontioda Hemptinneana (C. Neetzliana x O. eximium), a deep scarlet form, O. illustris, a dark red form of unknown parentage, O. keighleyensis Ashtead Park var., with some yellow markings on the petals, two blotched forms of Odontoglossum crispum, and Miltonia St.-Andre Ashtead Park vat: R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. April, ‘1914. | THE ORCHID REVIEW, “re Hannington), sent examples of the deep yellow Dendrobium chessing- tonense, D. Austinii, Cattleya Empress Frederick, a good C. Octave Doin, an Odontioda and an Odontoglossum (see New Hybrids, p. 125). Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group, including several beautiful hybrid Odontoglossums and forms of O. crispum, a form of O. harvengtense with exceptionally broad segments, Miltonia Bleuana with three racemes, some brilliant Odontiodas, Coelogyne sparsa, Dendrobium atroviolaceum, Lycaste gigantea with fourteen flowers, a fine Brassolelia Helen, Cypripedium Rothschildianum, Brassocattleya Maron, Cymbidium Alexanderi, Oncidium concolor, Leliocattleya Myra, and others, with some good plants of Sophronitis grandiflora and Angraecum citratum in front (Silver Flora Medal). -Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including Cattleya Olaf var. venusta, white with purple apex to the lip, the brilliant Sophrocatlelia Danze, Odontoglossum Fletcherianum, and _ others, Pleurothallis Roezlii, Cymbidium Lowio-Mastersii X insigne, C. Gottianum, Odontioda Cooksoniz, Miltonia St.-Andre, Brassocattleya Sylvia (B.-c. Sedenii x C. Trianz), Renanthera Imschootiana, Masdevallia Schreederiana, Cirrhopetalum picturatum, and others (Silver Flora Medal.) Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group, including many well-flowered Dendrobium Wardianum, fine examples of Odonto- glossum Dora and armainvillierense, Odontioda chelseiensis, some well- flowered Lycaste Skinneri, and a richly-coloured Leliocattleya Gottoiana which flowered in an importation of Lelia tenebrosa (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a choice group, including several promising seedling Odontoglossum crispum and blotched hybrids, Dendrobium chessingtonense, D. nobile virginale, D. Rolfex, Odontioda keighleyensis, a fine Cattleya Suzanne Hye de Crom, a good form of Lzeliocattleya Myra, L.-c. Myrosa (Myra x luminosa), having yellow sepals and petals tinged with purple, and the front of the lip dark violet-purple, &c. (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group of Cattleyas, Cypripediums, and Odontoglossums, with the rare Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldii, Dendrobium chrysodiscus, D. Ainsworthii intertextum, Lycaste Skinneri and var. alba, Miltonia Bleuana, Ada aurantiaca, Angrecum citratum, and a brilliant Leliocattleya from C. labiata and L.-c. luminosa (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a good group, including a fine example of Dendrobium Jamesianum, Leliocattleya Myra, Odontioda Charlesworthii, some good Odontoglossum Jasper, Cypripediums, Brassocattleya langleyensis, and several of the brilliant Sophrocattleya §tandiflora in front (Silver Banksian Medal), 116 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, staged a few good things, including Lzeliocattleya Verona (L. anceps X C. Hardyana), a pretty rom coloured hybrid with orange yellow disc to the lip, Cattleya Triane Exquisite, with a broad purple band at the apex of the sepals, two plants of the pretty white Disa sagittalis, and a few good Cypripediums (Bronze Banksian Medal). Messrs. W. B. Hartland & Co., Cork, staged a small group, including Cypripedium aureum Surprise, C. Euryades, Odontoglossum_ Rolfez, crispum and Thompsonianum, Cymbidium insigne, C. Lady Colman, and a hybrid between C. giganteum and C. Tracyanum (Bronze Banksian Medal). Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Orchid Dene, Twyford, staged a small group, including a plant of the brilliant Habenaria Roebelenii, Sophro- catlelia Elissa, Leeliocattleya Feronia, Cattleya Trianze and Empress Frederick, a fine Sephronitis grandiflora, and a few good Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, and Brassocattleyas. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a few good Orchids, including Renanthera Imschootiana, Odontoglossum Thompsonianum and pulchellum, a fine Angreecum sesquipedale, Cattleya Trianz alba, some fine Lycaste Skinneri, Brassocattleya Menda, and others, ‘Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent a small group, including Leliocattleya Euripides (Myra X Goldcrest) a clear yellow hybrid, several fine Odontoglossum crispum and scarlet Odontiodas, Brassocattleya Leemannize magnifica, Masdevallia Veitchiana, and others. M. Maurice Mertens, Ghent, showed Cattleya Trianz alba, and a few good Odontoglossums. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. SOPHROCATTLEYA WELLESLEY WESTONBIRT var. (S. grandiflora X C. labiata).—A remarkably brilliant form, bearing three large carmine-rose flowers of excellent shape, with some red veining on the yellow throat of the lip. Exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir Geogre L. Holford, K.C.V.O. AWARDS OF MERIT. DENDROBIUM BassaTTII (Rolfew x melanodiscus Salteri).—A very beautiful form, most like D. Rolfeze roseum in general character, and having broad rose-coloured sepals and petals, with a little rose at the apex of the lip, and a few rosy lines at the base. Exhibited by Mrs. T. B. Haywood, Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr. Bassatt). L#LIOCATTLEYA DuLcE (L. anceps Sanderiana x C. Mendelii).—A handsome hybrid, most like the former in general character, and bearing an inflorescence of three, blush-white flowers, with the front lobe of the lip purple. Exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons. SE rr ee Tekh nT Eie Raa S sa Sr aR ley Rip ag hth ER oe ApriL, 1914 | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117° At the meeting held on March 24th there was a fine display of Orchids, and the awards consisted of nine medals, one First-class Certificate, two Awards of Merit, and two Cultural Commendations. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, de Barri Crawshay, W. Bolton, R. Brooman White, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, E. H. Davidson, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shill, A. McBean, W. Cobb, F..M. Ogilvie, R. G. Thwaites, W. H. Hatcher, Stuart Low, T. Armstrong, W. P. Bound, A. Dye, R. A. Rolfe, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, including a well-flowered Eulophiella Elisabethz, Miltonia Warscewiczii, the tiny Masdevallia simula, Cypripedium Mastersianum and several others, Lzliocattleya Avoca (L. Latona x C. Trianz), Brassocattleya William Pitt (C. Octave Doin x B.-c. Mariz), Cymbidium Lady Colman, Lowgrinum, and _ Veitchii, Odontoglossum luteopurpureum Vuylstekeanum, O. Rossii, and a few good Odontiodas. Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier), staged a group of nine well-grown plants of Odontioda Bradshawie and Vuylstekez, bearing a profusion of beautiful scarlet flowers, a Silver Medal being awarded. He also sent O. Colmanii (see New Hybrids, p. 125). E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge Wells, sent the beautiful Miltonia vexillaria var. Lyoth (v. chelseiensis X memoria G. D. Owen), a very pretty pink variety with rosy crimson mask on the lip. W. Waters Butler, Esq., Southfield, Edgbaston (gr. Mr. Jones), showed the handsome Cattleya Tityus Southfield var. (Octave Doin x Enid), bearing a spike of four large and brilliantly-coloured flowers, with some yellow veining on the lip’s base. Sir John Edwards Moss, Bart., Roby Hall, Torquay, sent as a curiosity a flower of a Lezliocattleya having the sepals curiously abbreviated and undeveloped. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Surrey (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Odontoglossum Aureole, a pretty yellow hybrid of unrecorded parentage, having the disc of the petals white, and a few brown blotches on the lip. The O. triumphans influence was very marked in the lip, and it is probably a form of O. loochristiense. R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham Hill (gr. Mr. E. J. Hannington), sent Odontioda Sanderz, Odontoglossum Newlingii (see p. 125), O. Vuylcirrha (Vuylstekez X cirrhosum), and a few others. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a very fine group, including Many Cymbidium insigne, with examples of C. Pauwelsii, Gottianum, ir THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, 1914. Wiganianum, and a well-flowered C. eburneum, three good plants of Coelogyne Lawrenceana, Pleurothallis Roezlii, Maxillaria Fletcheri, Megaclinium maximum, Angrecum citratum, Renanthera Imschootiana, Cirrhopetalum Mastersianum and pulchellum, and a few good Leaelio- cattleyas, Cypripediums, Odontoglossums, and Dendrobiums (Silver-gilt Flora Medal). Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, showed a fine group, including a number of seedling Odontoglossums flowering for the first time, O. Royal-Purple (illustre X Edwardii) being entirely rich violet-purple in colour, brilliant forms of Odontioda keighleyensis, Bradshawiz and Leeana, some well-flowered Dendrobium nobile and var. virginale, Lzliocattleya Myra, Miltonia St.-Andre and Bleuana, with a number of Cattleyas and Cypripediums (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group, including several brilliant Odontiodas, the beautiful Miltonia Charlesworthil — (figured at page 313 of our last volume), the pretty Odontoglossum crispum Queen Maud with peloriate flowers, with some other fine O. crispum and blotched hybrids, Angreecum sesquipedale, and a number of well-flowered Sophronitis grandiflora and Oncidium concolor in front (Silver Flora Medal). : Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a fine group, in which the Dendrobiums were particularly good, and included examples of D. Brymerianum, fimbriatum, crassinode album, Wardianum, and Jamesianum, with some good Oncidium sarcodes, Phalenopsis Aphrodite and intermedia, a well-flowered Lelia Jongheana, Cattleya Schroedere Sophrocatlelia bletchleyflora, Odontioda beechensis and Wilsonii, and some good Odontoglossums, Cypripediums, &c. (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. James Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, showed a very pretty group, in which the deep yellow Dendrobium Thwaitesiz Veitch’s var., good forms of D. nobile, and D. Dalhou-nobile were conspicuous, with Angraecum sesquipedale and citratum, Phalenopsis Sanderiana, Epidendrum xanthinum, Sarcochilus Fitzgeraldii, Oncidium concolor, the rare Masdevallia gargantua, M. Chimera, and some fine Cypripediums (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, staged a good group, including a spotted form of Odontoglossum Pescatorei and some hybrids, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Disa sagittalis, Gongora truncata, Leeliocattleya Boylei, Violetta, Invincible var. Orana, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a pretty group, including 4 fine form of Cattleya Schroedere, Renanthera Imschootiana, Mavxillaria Sanderiana, Lycaste Skinneri, and several good Odontoglossums “_ Banksian Medal). et cpas te Gere iets *: en ARB ed Mesa aa ite ak ApRiL, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 119 Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Orchid: Dene, Twyford, sent Odontioda Bradshawiz Borlases var., a large scarlet form. _ Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a small group of brightly- édloured Odontiodas, with Odontoglossum Pescatorei Pitt’s var., the white Cattleya Brenda, and a few good Cymbidiums. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. OponTIODA ZENOBIA (O. Charlesworthii X Odontoglossum percultum),. —A very fine hybrid, having broad, obtuse, dark chocolate brown sepals and petals, and a very broad rose-purple lip, with a yellow crest and a little white at the basal angles. Exhibited by F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth). AWARDS OF MERIT. DENDROBIUM SUPERBUM HUTTONI SOUTHFIELD VAR.—A fine white form, with an unusually large feathered blotch on the lip: Exhibited by W. Waters Butler, Esq., Southfield, Edgbaston. SOPHROCATLELIA NIOBE ORCHID DENE VaR. (L.-c. Gottoiana x S.-l. Felicia)—A very beautiful form, of good shape, and having bright rose- purple flowers, with a dark claret-red lip. Exhibited by Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co. CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS. DENDROBIUM GLUMACEUM.—To Mr. W. H. White, Orchid grower to Lady Lawrence, Burford, for a very fine plant, bearing about 100 spikes of white fragrant flowers. OponTIODA BrapsHAwl&:-—To Mr. J. Collier, gardener to Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart, Gatton Park, for a very fine plant, bearing a branched inflorescence with 119 scarlet flowers. MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Thursday, February 26th, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. J. Bamber, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, A. Warburton, Z. A. Ward, A. A. McBean, and H. Arthur (Secretary). R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), was awarded a Silver- gilt Medal for a fine group of Odontoglossums and various other Orchids. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged a magnificent gtoup of Lycastes, containing over a dozen named varieties of L. Skinner, with L. lasioglossa, Imshootiana, and Tunstillii, a Silver-gilt Medal being awarded to the gardener for excellence of culture, some of the plants with a single lead carrying up to a dozen flowers. Large Silver Medals were awarded to A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden i36 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aprit, 1914. (gr. Mr. Dalgleish), and Messrs. Cypher and Sons, Cheltenham, for fine miscellaneous groups. Silver Medals were awarded to W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), and Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, for good mixed groups, in both cases the favourite genus Odontoglossum being well to the front. | J. Leemann, Esq., Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Smith), sent Leeliocattleya Gottoiana X Cattleya Dowiana aurea. Interesting exhibits were staged by W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall (gr. Mr. Branch); Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton); R. le Doux, Esq., West Derby (gr. Mr. Fletcher) ; Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Twyford, Berks; Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath; Mr. J. Evans, Congleton; Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, Bradford, and Mr. D. McLeod, Chorltot cum- Hardy. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Odontoglossum eximium var. Iduna, a large well-set flower, of almost solid colour, the segments edged with white, from W. R. Lee, Esq. Cattleya Trianz Orchid Dene var., a gigantic flower of good shape and colour, from Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co. AWARDS OF MERIT. Odontoglossum Rufus O. Distinction, and O. crispum var. Meteor, Odontioda Brewii var. nigro-rubra, and Cattleya Octave Doin var. Queen Mary, all from R. Ashworth, Esq. Odontoglossum fuscans, Leliocattleya Lucasiana, Cypripedium Lord Trevor var. Pyramus, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Cypripedium Thisbe (Mrs. Mostyn x Leeanum Clinkaberryanum); from W. R. Lee, Esq. | Odontoglossum Edith d’Abrew, from R. le Doux, Esq. Odontioda Diana Leemann’s var., from J. Leemann, Esq. Odontoglossum Twyford Gem (Rossii rubescens xX: formosum), from Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co. Dendrobium Cybele album (nobile virginale X Findlayanum album); from Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons. CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. Masdevallia triangularis, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. At the meeting held on March rzth, the members of Committee present were :—Rey. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. J. Bamber, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, J. Lupton, A. A. McBean, D. McLeod, W- J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, A. Warburton, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). Aprit, 1914. THE ORCHID REVIEW. — r2i A Gold Medal was awarded to J. Leemann, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Smith), for a magnificent group, in which Cattleyas Leliocattleyas, Cymbidiums, Odontoglossums and others were represented by numerous well-grown examples. _A Bronze Medal and Cultural Certificate were awarded to the gardener for a very fine plant of Cypripedium Thompsonianum. Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), and A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Dalgleish), for fine representative groups. Silver Medals were awarded to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes); Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, and Mr. W. A. Manda, for good groups, the latter containing an interesting natural hybrid Phalzenopsis. Interesting exhibits were staged by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), including Cypripedium Thompsonii x villexul; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton); W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall (gr. Mr. Branch) ; J. Butterworth, Esq. Burnley (gr. Mr. Wilson); R. le Doux, Esq., West Derby (gr. Mr. Fletcher); Wm. Bolton, Esq., Warrington (gr. Mr. Cain); H. Arthur, Esq., Blackburn; Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans; Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford ; Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath; Mr. W. Shackleton, Great Horton, Bradford, and Mr. J. Evans, Congleton, the latter a fine plant of Odontioda Bradshawiz with a branched spike of 110 flowers. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Cattleya Triane F. McBean, a large well-set flower, with distinct markings in the lip; C. Suzanne Hye de Crom var. magnifica, the largest and best seen of the type ; and Odontioda Diana var. Leeana, with flowers of good shape and intense colour, all from W. R. Lee, Esq. Odontoglossum mirum (Wilckeanum X crispum), a large flower with very distinct markings; Odontioda Schroedere var. Walton Gem (Brad- shawie X crispum Oakwood Ruby), a large flower, of good round crispum type; Cattleya Trianz var. Walton Monarch, a large round flower, of good even colour, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Cymbidium Pauwelsii giganteum, a large, well-marked flower, from John Leemann, Esq. Odontoglossum crispum Eugenie (O.c, Mandyanum X Franz Masereel), a good, round, evenly marked flower, from J. Butterworth, Esq. Odontioda Mrs. R. le Doux (Bradshawie X Wilckeanum), the finest of the type yet seen, with Jarge brilliant crimson sepals and petals, and a white lip with large blotch of colour, from R. le Doux, Esq. Awarps oF MERIT. Cattleya Trianz mirabile, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. 122 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [APRIL, 1914. Sophrocatlelia Marathon Leemann’s var., and Cypripedium Griffin No. 2, from John Leemann, Esq. Odontoglossum Siren (Pluto X Etna), from R. Ashworth, Esq. Leliocattleya Dulce (C. Mendelii X L. anceps Sanderiana), from Messrs. Sander & Sons. es THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. By C. ALWYN HARRISON. b\ Vig are now coming to the time when our plants receive more light and sunshine, and hence an atmosphere well supplied with atmospheric moisture is needed. This is obviously attained by the practice of damping down, but it is not possible to state exactly how often this should be done, as every house differs in its power of retaining humidity, site, locality, aspect, and construction all contributing to cause vast differences. The grower, therefore, must judge when he deems it advisable to damp down, combining this with careful and judicious ventilation. All plants will, however, now delight in a gentle spray over their leaves, and most growers advocate this being performed at least once a day. The majority of the Dendrobiums will now be over, and should be placed together at the warmest end of the house, only slightly shaded, and their immediate surroundings kept moist, whilst water at the root will be needed in quantity. To enable these lovely Orchids to make a grand display the following year, everything depends now upon their new growths getting a satisfactory start, and hence light, a fresh and well-ventilated moist atmosphere, and a careful watch against thrips will contribute largely to their welfare. If thrips are present fumigation should be resorted to, removing from the house any plants in full bloom. If needing it, Dendrobiums may now be repotted, and they must be placed in pots or suspended in Orchid pans which are comparatively small in proportion to the plant’s size. All dead roots must be cut away; and two old bulbs left to support each lead, and when replanting set the plant in the centre of the receptacle, having the base of the bulbs just below the — surface of the compost. One point to which I attribute much ultimate success with these Orchids is to tie the bulbs to neat sticks inserted firmly in the compost, for if these long top-heavy growths are left to themselves they sway about with — every touch, and prevent the plant from getting a firm hold on the compost. For soil use a mixture of osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss, these being well chopped up and used in a damp state. The bulbs cut off previous to repotting can be laid on some damp noe Aprit, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 123 in an odd corner, where, if lightly sprayed occasionally, they will emit growths and then can be potted up later. Another method is to insert them in well-drained pots of silver sand and moss, but both methods are equally effective. Personally I do not care for the system of growing Dendrobes in small pans and suspending them from the roof, as they dry up so quickly, and if at any time the grower is pushed for time they are apt to be forgotten, when the plants invariably suffer. Unless the sun is very bright the less the blinds are used the better, and if those Orchids which are in flower are removed to a cooler and drier house, shading will probably, during the first part of this month, be only needed about midday. Taken generally, Intermediate house Orchids do not need nor like anything approaching the amount of shade necessary for those belonging to the Cool division. SUGGESTED ADDITION. DENDROBIUM THWAITESI&.—This magnificent hybrid is one of the best of this genus, and merits extensive cultivation. It is a cross between Ainsworthii and Wiganiz, and flowered in 1903. _ It is very free-flowering, and possesses a good constitution. The blossoms are usually produced in May, and are of a deep orange yellow, with a large area of reddish purple in the lip, forming a pleasing contrast. During its growing season a light moist position at the warmest end of the house should be given, but after the new bulbs are completed, and until the flower buds are well developed, a cooler and drier temperature is needed, though, in common with all hybrid Dendrobiums, it does not need the severe rest and drying, practised in the culture of the species. ee a Soe 48 enone O75 eee Establishment of Messrs. Cypher & Sons has long occupied an honoured position amongst present-day trade collections, and some notes upon a few of the good things recently seen may be of interest to readers of the Orchid Review. The nursery comprises about thirty houses, in which all manner of stove and greenhouse plants are cultivated, ten being solely given up to Orchids. On entering a large span-roof house, a large batch of Cypripedium aureum virginale and C. a. Surprise attracted the eye, and among other sturdy plants of this genus Mrs. Godman, Miss Louisa Fowler, Euryades New Hall Hey variety, and some pretty examples of Queen of Italy must be noted. Large specimen plants of Lzeliocattleyas are grown on the central Staging, and amongst those in flower were a good dark L.-c. bletchleyensis, ORCHIDS AT CHELTENHAM. i24 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, 1914. a secondary hybrid of L.-c. Cappei of a dazzling orange hue, and a superb Brassocattleye Maronia. A nice batch of Sophrocattleya Wellesleye, with crimson flowers of large size was very striking, as was also a collection of Angrecum citratum. A large span-roofed house contains a good collection of all the best varieties of Lzlia anceps, and some late-flowering plants of Calanthe Bryan and Wm. Murray were making a grand display. Cypripedium Sladdenii was represented by several well-bloomed examples, while Zygopetalum crinitum was especially pleasing by reason of its delicious scent. A long and low house is chiefly devoted to Cypripedium insigne Sander, but one noticed in flower some vigorous plants of Cymbidium Alexanderi, Pauwelsii, and one of their parents, C. insigne, whose long spikes of pink flowers are very showy. A high structure follows, containing many grand specimens of Angraecum sesquipedale, many showing for bloom, anda large collection of Phalaenopsis, of which excellent forms of Stuartiana and Sanderiana are now in their full beauty, and an exceptionally large flower of P. amabilis Rimestadiana. Messrs. Cypher have long been noted for the excellence of their Dendrobiums, and on entering the house devoted to their culture one was greatly struck by the robustness of all the occupants, even the smallest set ee ~ ag Se seedlings were all making sturdy bulbs. Among the most noteworthy were — D. nobile Perfection, Berkley’s variety, of large size, burfordiense with dark blotches on the lateral sepals, the pale Balliaz, D. Ainsworthii, and the beautiful deep yellow D. Thwaitesiz. Two plants of the rare Aérides Vandarum were in bloom, and are remarkably beautiful. In another house devoted to Cypripediums, the majority were just potted up, and were growing well in their new compost, giving ample evidence of affording a wealth of bloom when their season comes round. A complete collection of Lycaste Skinneri is grown here, much variation existing, one form bearing deep almost scarlet mottling on the lip, another a distinct yellow tinge, whilst there were some good examples of the pure white variety alba. Ccelogyne intermedia, raised by Mr. Cypher, was again in bloom, and very pretty it is. Odontoglossums and Odontiodas receive considerable attention, and among the latter a pretty hybrid from Cochlioda vulcanica and Odontoglossum Pescatorei should develop into a beautiful hybrid. Besides growing quantities of the showier Orchids, Mr. Cypher takes great interest in the culture of botanical species, a very extensive collection being assembled. Mention must be made of the curious Bulbophyllum slamense and Careyanum, both large specimens in teak baskets, and 0 Pleurothallis Roezlii with its blackish purple flowers. C. ALWYN HARRISON: Sie MF Be nt Ga ip ee APRIL, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 125 ees Any ZELIOCATTLEYA Goldilocks (C. Harrisoniana x L. Cowanii.—A remarkable hybrid, bearing a short raceme of numerous deep golden NEW HYBRIDS. yellow flowers, and thus most resembling the former in habit, and the latter in the size and colour of the flowers. It is a striking thing. Sent by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers). LALIOCATTLEYA Avoca (C. Triane xX L. Latona).—A promising hybrid, having lilac-purple sepals and petals, the latter with a broad median purple band at the apex, and the lip intense crimson-purple, with two deep yellow bands on the disc. Sent by H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood). OpDONTIODA CoLMANII (O. Bradshawiez x Odontoglossum amabile).—A striking hybrid, which has almost reverted to the Odontoglossum type, recalling a heavily-blotched O. eximium, though the Odontioda influence can be traced in the details of the lip and column. The flower is of fine shape, with broad white segments, heavily blotched with violet-purple. Exhibited by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. (gr. Mr. Collier), R.H.S., March 24th, 1914. ODONTIODA FUSCIMIUM (Odontioda St.-Fuscien X Odontoglossum eximium).—Flowers dark red throughout, except for the yellow disc, and most resembling the Odontioda parent in shape. Raised in the collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham Hill. ODONTOGLOssUM NEWLINGII (cirrhosum X Ossulstonii).—A very pretty hybrid, most like the former in shape, and heavily blotched with dark purple on a white ground. Raised in the collection of R. G. [hwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham Hill. CyPRIPEDIUM JEZEBEL (Arthurianum pulchellum X Mrs. Wm. Mostyn). —A handsome hybrid, having the dorsal sepal covered with large purple- brown blotches on a light ground, and the petals broad and very undulate, the latter showing the Fairrieanum influence. Raised by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, Westonbirt (gr. Mr. Alexander). CYPRIPEDIUM REDWING (G. F. Moore X Charlesianum var. Hannibal.) —A large and handsome hybrid, having a very round dorsal sepal, with numerous purple blotches on a light ground, and broad purple-red spread- ing petals. Exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, Westonbirt (gr. Mr. Alexander), R.H.S., March roth, 1914. CypRIPeDIUM Satyr (Hera x Beryl Holford’s var.).—A fine hybrid, having very large purple-brown blotches on the dorsal sepal, which is green with a white margin, and very broad petals, in which the villosum influence is paramount. Exhibited by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, Westonbirt (gr. Mr. Alexander), R.H.S., January 27th, 1914. 126 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (APRIL, 1914. ie HE iast issue of the Kew Bulletin contains an interesting list of Orchids which flowered in the collection last year, compiled by Mr. C. P. Raffill. The author remarks :— “‘ The collection of Orchids cultivated under glass is well-known for its richness in types and for the large number of rare and little-known species it contains. The year 1913 has been remarkable on account of the large number of species, belonging to 137 distinct genera, which have flowered in the collection. A careful record has been kept of each plant which has flowered during the year, and from this we find that the only plant of Cirrhopetalum Mastersianum has flowered on six occasions, Dendrocolla Pricei, a new species, and Kefersteinia graminea on three, and quite a number of other plants have flowered twice during the year. A few fine specimen plants have also flowered profusely, the best of the:e being: Eria hyacinthoides with 34 racemes, Eulophiella Elisabethe with 11 racemes, Vanda suavis with 14 racemes, Ccelia macrostachya with 6 racemes, Pleurothallis Roezlii with 31 racemes, and Miltonia candida with 32 racemes, bearing 274 flowers. Lycaste Deppei bore 54 flowers; L. gigantea 16 flowers; Cirrhopetalum robustum 7 umbels of flowers, and Cattleya Portia had an inflorescence of 13 flowers.”’ ORCHIDS FLOWERED AT KEW IN 1913. The list is much too long to repeat, occupying nearly four pages. It includes all the genera that have flowered during the year, but only those species are mentioned which have been exceptionally fine or which are of particular interest on account of their rarity. BeyseX ORCHIDS IN SEASON. Zaiy + FLOWER of another form of Leeliocattleya Swanboroughii (see page 58) is sent from the collection of Mrs. Sheppee, Holly Spring; Bracknell. In this case the yellow of the L.-c. Andromeda parent is much more pronounced, especially in the large amount of yellow on the lip. Mr. Swanborough remarks that it is another seedling from the same batch, and quite similar to the first in habit, but entirely different in shape and colour. It will be interesting to watch the development of the batch. A flower of the handsome Odontoglossum waltonense Rosslyn vat. is sent from the collection of H. T. Pitt; Esq... Rosslyn, Stamford Hill, by Mr. Thurgood. It has deep yellow flowers, with brown blotching on the sepals and lip, but the petals entirely unspotted. Lzeeliocattleya Ophir Rosslyn var. isa handsome deep yellow variety with a little purple on the front of the lip. Three Cypripedium seedlings are also enclosed. © Ss Avan, i914] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 124 -Oneita (Lathamianum xX Ophir) chiefly shows the influence of C. Spicerianum and C. exul, that of C. villosum and C. Boxallii, which should be present (C. Ophir is exul X Calypso), not being traceable. C. Ella (Lathamianum X Charlesianum) also shows most of the C. Spicerianum character. The parentage of the other is not known, but it is undeveloped and may be recognised when it flowers again. Two very distinct forms of Odontoglossum percultum are sent from the collection of R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham. One was raised in the collection, and has numerous small spots at the base of the sepals and petals, and the markings of the lip much like the O. Rolfeze parent. The other was purchased, and has the sepals and petals regularly blotched with purple. Both are good in shape and should be taken care of. ee ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. HREE meetings of the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during April, on the 7th, 15th, and 2tst, the second meeting date being on a Wednesday, in connection with a special Daffodil Show to be held on that and the following day. The Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on April 16th and’3oth. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection of members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m. R.H.S. ScientiFIC CoMMITTEE.—The following references to Orchids exhibited at the meetings of the Committae are taken from the Official Report (continued from vol. xxi., page 383) :— February toth, 1914 :— ODONTOGLOssuM sp.—Mr. Rolfe exhibited on behalf of Mr. H. S. Goodson, of Fairlawn, Putney, a rare species of Odontoglossum from Peru. Mr. Rolfe took a specimen to examine and report upon it. OponTonia X LuciLia#.—A plant of this new hybrid was submitted by the Orchid Committee. It was raised from seed of Odontoglossum cirrhosum fertilised by pollen of Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana. It has apparently proved difficult to raise a cross the other way, and the result has given a remarkable purple flower. A Certificate of Appreciation was unanimously recommended to Messrs. Charlesworth, the raisers. February 24th: Odontoglossum angustatum.—Mr. R. A. Rolfe reported that the Odontoglossum shown at the last meeting by Mr. H. S. Goodson, of Fairlawn, Putney, was probably a form of Odontoglossum angustatum, 128 : THE ORCHID (REVIEW. (APRIL; 19 Lindl. It had rather shorter segments and a less-toothed crest, but there” are several imperfectly known species described by Reichenbach in th group (a group ‘of only slight importance in the garden). _ The prese fit any of them. More distinct things, he says, have been referred to angustatum, and he considers it should be placed there for the present. SLUGS AND WOODLICE.—These pests are often foublismel in Orchi houses, and various baits are laid about and examined periodically with view to keeping their numbers down. A method that has been recommende to us is, paint thin pieces of board, a few inches in diameter, with a mixtu of flour and beer, and lay them face downwards in suitable spots, looking the over every morning and destroying such marauders as are found there. Th bait should be renewed as often as necessary and is said to be very efficient. ORCHID PORTRAITS. ATTLEYA Drapsiana McBeEan’s var.—Orch. World, iv. p. 132, fig. - C CATTLEYA PERCIVALIANA.—Horticulture, 1914, pp. 253, 258, Orch. World, iv. p. 140, fig. CATTLEYA TRIAN& var. Hypra.—Gard. Chron., 1914, i. P: 159. fig. 72. CYPRIPEDIUM AUREUM VIRGINALE. ~ Journ. Hort., 1914, i. p. 237, fig. CYPRIPEDIUM DESDEMoNA.—Orch. World, iv. p. 126, fig. Mirtonia BLevana.—Journ. Hort. tee l. p. 277, fig. ODoNTIODA ZENOBIA.—Gard. Chron., 1914, i. p- 226, fig. IOI. ODONTOGLOssuM CoLossus.—Gard. Chrone: » 1914, 1. p. 158, fig. 71- ODoNTOGLossuM Rossii Mayus. LFIGisaMAbe, IgI4, Pp. 357; 363» lig. OponTonta LuciLia.—Orch. World, iv. p. 125, fig. SACCOLABIUM GIGANTEUM.—Orch. World, iv. p. 136, fig. SOPHROCATTLEYA WELLESLEYE WESTONBIRT VAR.—Gard. Mag., " p. 207, fig. ee ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. rchids are named and questions answered her mage to give the native country or as céng as possible. Corresponds arentage of Bleiers \An ADDRESSED postcar sent ifa reply by Pes 8 desired (abroad, fi de pos Lod pes 9 be used). Subjects of sf ct est will be de alt in the b of the work t med ¢ correspondents for ipa of hybrids : 0 , but ; Received.—Th.P., J.C., J.T.B,-P.,, H.G.A,, |.P., FD} Ob. ae G., E.R, CP eae 2 Wi Cy a - Hassall & Co,, Chase Side, Southgate, N., a c rids. cross J Roa Orchids § atalogue.—We have receive icotit" Mes Lonel, WG. » a Catalogue of Agtieatiaral Schericet ‘ible; W. & G. Foyle, Charing including Gardening, @ qe DR =e VoL. XXII. MAY, 1914. No. 257" \R SPAS WSS A_A_-gy Qn PAGS ir y AUUMUO PULL WULY TUM HU, Wo j i eee Pa % o 4 Edited by R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. patie NTS: PAGE Amateur’s Collection ... ie ae “90 | Odontoglossums, raising seedling ... 128 Answers to Salen dem se ... 160 | Orchid Notes and News __... ses 359 Book : Review of C, Alwyn piled at ae Orchid Portraits y sr. vee 160 Comn sircad Orchid Growing 158 | Orchids in season ... os. ees ASS Calendar of Operations for May... 141 | Our Note Book ath a PE Charlesworth’s Catalogue for 1914... 132 Satyrium Bolusii 8 _ oe. The Cymbidium glebelandense .. --- I31! | Societies ws va 1a Cymbidium TPAnsonii... Pe ihe American Exhibitions 5 Disa chrysostachya ++» 140 Manchester and North a England Dendrobium nobile, a i pabinese ae. 1 Orchid hoo Dendrobiums from Gatton Park .... 157 Royal Horticoleural” ao ee London Botanical aes To ek I LLUSTRATIONS. New Hybrids oe ... 1§8 | Dendrobium nobile, a peloriate ... 137 Steassicane Chive ae 136 | Odontioda Clive ‘ © 136 Odontoglossum Scottianam v var. ate 145 | Odontoglossum Secttindiieh vad. Mogul 145 FRANK LESLIE & Co., 12, LAWN CRESCENT, London Agents : MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47; Paternoster Row, E.C. [All rights reserved.]} NOTICES The ORCHID REVIEW is published reguiarly at the beginning of each month, price 6d. net. Annual Subscription, post free, 7/-, payable in advance V olumes I. to XXI. can be supplied unbound at 6/-, or bound in cloth, 7/6, postage ti extra.—Cost of postage: book post, gd. per volume; parcel post within the United Kingdom only, 5d. per single volume (series by weight). : Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free throughout the postal union. The ORCHID STUD-BOOK. By R. A. Rolfe and C. C. Hurst. — By Parcel Post, 7/1t. Abroad, by Book Post, 8/3. All Subscriptions, Advertisements, Communications and Books for review, should be addressed :—The Editor of the Orchid Review, Lawn Crescent, Kew. Cheques and Postal Orders (sent as above) should be made payable to FRANK LEsLiE & Co., and, to ensure safety in transit, should be crossed ‘‘ & Co.” Agents for copies supplied through the Trade— MARSHALL BROTHERS, Ltd., 47, ParERNosTER Row, Lonpon, E.C. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. s. d, : g 8s. a. Five lines and underin column... O 2 6 Half column or quarter page o 120 Per line after Sree Se Oe 8 One column or half page .. 1 29 Dne-eighth column... is on co Be VV hole page an 200 uarter column or eighth page .. O 7 O _ The Editor invites communications on interesting subjects (which’ should be #ritten on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of rarities. Advertisements and late news should be received not later than the 24th of the month, ———————— LATH ROLLER BLINDS t { SHOWING BLINDS BELOW VENTILATORS. 4s Supplied by us to the Royal Gardens, Kew, Botanic Gardens, Dublin, and most of es leading Orchid Growers and others, are fitted with the laths parallel with the ridge, or with the rafters, as required. They can also be raised above tt 5 ners. so as to allow a cool current of air to pass over the glass, thus increasing their effe¢ keeping the house coo + ty . 4 These Blin-is glas Ss UunDOn ne i; These Blinds are cti ri i ‘ x " el iS; Practically imperishable ; act as a protect ag t: admit light while excluding sun's direct ray Didenpeee : Pp at night and in winter. entat ti f # #. rt gs > * . : ¥ part of th y to take p rs, and estimates submitted. HORTICULTURAL SHADINGS L.EOUM SCRIMS, TIFFANY. and Best French PINOLE BLINDS in several grades. Samples and prices on app! : WALTERS & CO,, s22r2" zo" N, wcon 89 MORLAND ROAD,.. 5 1646 CRO —~ > ee —_—_——~— OF r The Orchid Review 4 (OF VoL. XXII. May, 1914. No. 257. . a | cA OUR NOTE BOOK. Por] HE event of the coming month is the Great Spring Show of the Royal Horticultural Society, to be held at the Royal Hospital Gardens; Chelsea, from May 19th to 21st. The Temple Show was for many years: the Mecca to which all faithful Orchidists made their annual pilgrimage, and now that the event has been transferred to a more commodious site, which formed the venue of the highly successful Royal International Horticultural Exhibition two years ago, we anticipate another magnificent display of Orchids and a large attendance. The materials seem to become increasingly numerous as the years roll along, and we can only hope that the fates will again be propitious. We will not anticipate further, and the event will be fully dealt with in our next issue. But there is an earlier event of the greatest possible interest, and one that has been looked forward to for a much longer period, namely, the opening of the Reichenbachian Herbarium. It seems hardly credible that a quarter of a century has passed away since the death of the illustrious: peer whose memory has been clouded by an act of his own which is appily unique in scientific annals, namely, the sealing up of his Herbarium against his contemporaries and successors for a period of twenty-five years after his death. This act was well described by the Gardeners’ Chronicle at paralyse the scientific study of hat it would render - time as an ungenerous attempt to eae in this country, and it was clearly foreseen t ture work peculiarly laborious and perplexing. emoved on May 6th, but this The embargo on the Herbaritim will be r then be commenced, and we ra means that the work of arranging it can ma that some time must elapse before the specimens~are available for ce. Their present condition, from the very nature of the case, 1S etal but we have been assured that when received proper steps te taken for their preservation from the ravages of damp and insects, So * 129 130 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1914. might have been written to-day, though, of course, he could not forsee the that no anxiety need be felt in this respect. The extent of the collection may be inferred from the following note which appeared at the time {Garden, 1890, i. p. 16) :— 4 REMOVAL OF PROFESSOR REICHENBACH’S COLLECTIONS.—We learn from the German horticultural journals that the collections of this celebrated Orchidist have just left the Botanic Gardens of Hamburg to be placed in the Imperial Museum of Vienna. No less than three days were occupied in bringing his collections to the railway station, and they filled four large waggons. These collections were in 59 cases, of which 28 contained the dried specimens and 33 the library; 134 large boxes were filled with various materials, and 1,149 packets of printed notes and manuscripts accompanied the specimens of dried Orchids. In an official report which appeared at the time we find the number of sheets is estimated at 420,000, though it is not stated how many of them are Orchids. The opening of the Herbarium will be watched with the greatest curiosity, as it will afford a key to the solution of a large number of interesting questions, some of which were indicated in articles which appeared in our last volume (pp. 273-278, 299-301). An answer to some of them may soon be forthcoming. The’ question of hybrid Nomenclature is again to the fore, partly because of the necessity'of an agreed scheme in connection with the R.H.S. Registration of Hybrid Orchids, and partly in connection with the International Botanical Congress to be held in London next year, and the fact that notices of subjects requiring discussion have to be submitted so long beforehand. Both are, of course, primarily due to the steady accessions of new hybrids that appear meeting by meeting, and have to be dealt with under a set of rules that are inadequate to the purpose and not altogether in agreement, as pointed out in a succeeding article (pp- 135 135) to which attention is particularly called. It is desirable that the question should not remain in its present unsatisfactory condition any longer than necessary, and to this end we invite suggestions on the subject. It is interesting to find (see pp. ro1-104) that the Rules of Hybrid Nomenclature were formulated so long ago and by such a distinguished hybridist as Dean Herbert, and perhaps the point would have been more generally appreciated if they had not been tucked away in an article on the genus Hippeastrum in a Monograph of the Amaryllidaceae. Herbert had certainly very enlightened views on the subject, and some of his expressions — May, 1914.] THE ‘ORCHID. REVIEW: 131 enormous development of the subject of which we are now witnesses. He narrowly missed being the pioneer of Orchid hybridisation, for his experi- ments were only limited by his failure to get the seeds to germinate. And he remarked: ‘‘ Cross-breeding among Orchidaceous plants would perhaps lead to very startling results, but, unfortunately, they are not easily raised by seed.” Nine years later Calanthe Dominyi flowered for the first time, and we have travelled far since then. But what would our collections be like to-day without hybrid Orchids ? |teicess | CYMBIDIUM GLEBELANDENSE. AY | STRIKING Cymbidium from the collection of G. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., Finchley, was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on February 24th last, under the name of Cymbidium Cooperi, and was described at page 94. It is the natural hybrid between C. insigne and C. Schroederi which was mentioned at page 308 of our last volume, and Mr. Coningsby remarks that it was recognised by Mr. Sander at the meeting in question. The plant had previously been divided and half of it purchased from Messrs. Sander, and grown on. It did not occur to us at the time to look at the list of artificial hybrids, but we have since found that the cross has been raised in the collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., and was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. held on January 3rd, 1911 (O.R., xix. Pp. 51), so that the latter name must be superseded. Another plant was exhibited at the meeting held on April 15th, and is recorded on page 149 as C. glebelandense var. roseum, and Mr. Coningsby, who has forwarded flowers of it, states that both it'and C. Cooperi came out of the same batch of imported C. insigne. The two are, however, distinct, the latter having a much shorter, more slender scape, and smaller flowers, the segments well veined with rose, and the lip more like C. Schroederi in shape and markings, though not in colour. Again, Cymbidium J. Davis, which received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. on February 4th, 1913 (O.R., xxi. p- 93), tesembles C. Cooperi in its tall scape and in colour, in fact Mr. Coningsby has seen both, and regards them as identical. We thus appear to have both natural and artificial hybrids between C. insigne and Schreederi, and some differences the significance of which is not yet clear, unless recrossing With the original parents has taken place. " It is said that C. insigne, Schroederi, giganteum, Ballianum, and C. Parishii var. Sandere all grow in the same district, and although we have only direct evidence at present that the two former grow intermixed no surprise need be felt if other natural hybrids should make their appearance. We should like to see flowers of the original C. glebelandense, which appears to ee been undeveloped when first shown. 132 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1914 eises| CYMBIDIUM I'ANSONII. Ea T the R.H.S. meeting held on April 21st last a plant of Cymbidium — Mandaianum was exhibited by Messrs. W. B. Hartland & Sons, Ardcairn, Ballintemple, Cork, and quite confirms the view expressed two years ago (O.R., xx. p. 167), that it is a form of the rare C. I’Ansonii. — When the latter appeared in 1900 (O.R., viii. pp. 191, 209, fig. 34), we suggested that it might be a natural hybrid between C. Lowianum and C. Tracyanum, but this has not been borne out by experiment, for Messrs. Hartland have raised a hybrid from C. Tracyanum x Lowianum, and have sent flowers to Kew, together with a six-flowered spike of C. Mandaianum, and the two are certainly not identical. In C. I’Ansonii (and ©. Mandaianum) the front lobe of the lip is ovate, and there is a solid zone of colour in front and a median line, all recalling C. Lowianum, except that the colour is buff instead of crimson, and the ground colour white with light yellow margin to the side lobes. The sepals and petals are greenish, striped and slightly suffused with red-brown. The hybrid has a broader front lobe to the lip, with a reflexed undulate margin, and the ground colour is yellow with large crimson blotches near the margin, a median line, and a few smaller spots. The sepals and petals are more distinctly striped with red-brown on a more yellow ground. C. I’Ansonii remained unique for a good many years, but in April, 1913, Messrs. Sander exhibited a plant said to have been introduced from Annam (O.R., xxi. p. 156), and it may be that it is a wild species after all, and that its rarity and the fact that it appeared with C. Lowianum has been misleading. C. Tracyanum appeared in a somewhat similar way, and was at first thought to be @ natural hybrid, but is now known to be a species, and its habitat has been recorded. R.A.R. CHARLESWORTH’S CATALOGUE oF ORCHIDS for 1914, which we have just received, is a handsome production of 96 quarto pages, including # selection of species and hybrids of the widest possible extent, with prices: We note with satisfaction that the names are given in accordance with the International Rules of Nomenclature, Brassocatlelia, Sophrocatlaliar Brassocattleya Veitchii, &c. The parentage of hybrids is ® given. The Catalogue contains an interesting souvenir of the Royal International Horticultural Exhibition held at Chelsea, in May, 1912 ™ the shape of an enlarged photographic illustration of the magnificent grouy of Orchids, 70 feet long, which gained Sir George Holford’s Cup for the ‘ trade group, the Lambeau Cup for the best collection of hybrid Orchids, and a Large Gold Medal. The illustration is a folded plate 33 feet long May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 133 |\@| THE LONDON BOTANICAL CONGRESS. S| NOTICE of the International Botanical Congress to be held in London from May 22nd to 29th, 1915, was given at page 360 of our last volume. A second circular shows that the Program of work deals largely with fossil and Cryptogamic botany (for which subjects Committees and Sub-Committees have been appointed), with discussions of motions relating to points not settled by the preceding Congresses. It is remarked that the revision of the Rules of Nomenclature occupied three Congresses, at Paris, Vienna, and Brussels, and it is highly desirable that the work should be completed in London, and botanists are requested to examine carefully the points which still require consideration and to formulate propositions to this end. : A supplement to the Rules, based on propositions submitted, will be issued before January next, and a later circular will supply information on the internal arrangements of the Nomenclature Section of the Congress. The following is a copy of the proposition that has been submitted for consideration :— SECTION V.—NAMES OF HyBRIDS AND HALF-BREEDS (MULES). Our knowledge of hybrids has increased enormously during the last decade, and as the rules governing their nomenclature are out of date, and in some cases contradictory, I propose that Section V. of the Vienna Rules be entirely recast, incorporating some of the amendments made at Brussels, as follows :— Hybrids arise through the intercrossing of distinct species, and are common in certain groups of plants, both in gardens and in a wild state, the latter chiefly arising through insect agency where allied species grow intermixed. Hybrids may occur between species of the same genus or of different genera, and if fertile they may recross with their parents or with other species, in some cases with those belonging to different genera. Crosses between varieties of the same species are not hybrids, and do not come withing the limits of this section. (a) Primary Hyprips.—Hybrids between species of the same genus, or presumably so, are distinguished by a formula (e) and, whenever it seems useful or necessary, by a name. All hybrids obtained by crossing the same two species, or their varieties, must bear the same specific name (/), any distinct forms being indicated by the addition of varietal names (g). (6) BIGENERIC HYBRIDS.—Hypbrids between species of two different genera receive a generic name formed by combining the generic names of the two parents, or portions of them, into a single word, composed as far as possible so that the names of the two parents entering into the 134 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1914 combination are easily recognisable. It is followed by the sign x, and a specific name (f). The name is written as a single word, and without a hyphen. Abbreviation is necessary except in the case of short words. Examples: Leliocattleya (Cattleya x Lelia), Sophrocattleya (Cattleya x Sophronitis), Odontioda (Cochlioda x Odontoglossum). . (c) MULTIGENERIC HYBRIDS receive a conventional generic i preferably that of a distinguished man, to which is added the termination ara. A distinct name is required for each different combination of genera, and all combinations between them, in whatever way _ intercrossed, will bear the same name. Examples: Vuylstekeara (Miltonioda x Cochlioda), Lowiara (Brassolzlia x Sophronitis). As an exception, the names of the trigeneric hybrids, Brassocatlelia and Sophrocatleelia, already in use, are retained. The generic name is followed by the sign X, and @ 3 specific name (/). : (d) SECONDARY AND MORE COMPLEX HYBRIDS.— Hybrids (when fertile) recrossed with their parents or with other species or hybrids give rise to secondary or more complex hybrids, and are dealt with under the he rule as primary hybrids (a), forms derived from the same combination receiving the same specific name (f), and variations being indicated by varietal names (g). N.B.—This rule may have to be subsequently modified. Secondaty hybrids of identical specific composition may be obtained in different ways For example, a hybrid containing Cypripedium barbatum (1), insigne (2); Spicerianum (3), and villosum (4), can be obtained by crossing either C. Xx Ashburtoniz (1 X 2) with C. x Lathamianum (3 x 4), ©. X By ermanianum (I X 3) with C. x nitens (2 x 4), or C. X Harrisianum (1 X 4) with C. xX Leeanum (2 X 3). It is this fact and the increased amount al segregation seen among secondary hybrids that proclaims their wee distinctness as a class from primary hybrids. It is probable that natur hybrids which show a large preponderance of one of the specific ai are in many cases recrosses with that parent, as the phenomenon 1s Wé know among artificial hybrids). (e) FORMULA OF PARENTAGE.—The formula consists of the names of the two parents in alphabetical order, connected with the sign x and placed between brackets. When the hybrid is of known experimental origin a formula should be made more precise by the addition of the sign ? after as name of the seed-bearing parent. ' : (f) SPECIFIC NAMES OF HYBRIDS.—The specific name of a hybrid may be expressed in Latin or in any language that is written in mae characters. It should consist of a single word or of two short words tha can be connected by a hyphen. eH 3 (g) VARIETAL NAMES OF HYBRIDS must be written in some languas® May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135 with Roman characters, the use of Latin being only authorised when it expresses the character or quality of the plant, as nanus, albus, maculatus, or when it harmonises with a descriptive specific name, as Cypripedium nitens var. Wrigleyi. In all other cases classical or vernacular names should be used. They should be expressed as far as possible in a single word, but the employment of not more than three words is permitted as a maximum. Such names should not be translated when transferred to another language. (k) HyBRIDS DESCRIBED as SPECIES.—Hypbrids that were originally described as species should be transferred as soon as their real status is discovered, and the sign x should be placed before the specific name, or of the oldest name when more than one name has been used. (i) TRANSFERS.—When the parents of a hybrid are transferred to another genus the name of the hybrid follows, and is subject to the rules of priority or others applicable to species under similar conditions. (k) PusticaTion.—A new hybrid is considered published when a name is given in accordance with the rules, together with the formula of parentage and a short description or figure, and is recorded in some work or periodical that is sold or circulated in the usual way. Descriptions may be drawn up either in English, French, German, Italian, or Latin. Publication in a dated horticultural catalogue is valid, but it is desirable that it should also be published in periodical horticultural journals. The exhibition of a hybrid at a horticultural meeting does not secure publication unless also properly recorded. R. A. ROLFE. There are three serious discrepancies between the Vienna and Brussels tules which it-is desirable should be eliminated :— (1) The Vienna Rules provide that the specific name of a hybrid shall be subject to the same rules as names of species, and the modification made at Brussels that they should come under the rule for varieties—which ‘permits the use of three words as a maximum—destroys the simplicity of the Linnean binomial system amd gives rise to all manner of in- consistencies. (2) The provision that in the formula the names of the parents shall be given alphabetically eliminates the element of uncertainty, for the seed parent is unknown in the case of natural hybrids, and in many of those raised artificially, while many others have been raised both ways. (3) The provision in the Vienna Rules that generic hybrids shall be referred to the parent genus that comes first in the alphabetical series would refer certain hybrids to a genus to which structurally they do not belong, as Epicattleya and Chondropetalum, while the limits of many natural genera would be completely obscured. It is quite unworkable. 135 THE. ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1914: Reise ODONTIODA CLIVE. Bee HE annexed figure represents the handsome Odontioda Clive, which was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on April 7th last by Mrs. Norman Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam (gr. Mr. H. J. Chapman), and received an Award of Merit. The parentage, unfortunately, was unrecorded, so that we cannot at present say from what particular combination it was derived, but one might suggest a comparison with O. Sybil (p. 59). The shape 1s excellent, and in some respects recalls Odontioda Bradshawiz Cookson’s var., while the broad, square lip suggests some Odontoglossum in which the Fig. 17. OpoNTIODA CLIVE. influence of O. triumphans is paramount, possibly O. Vuylstekei. It would be interesting to know whether Mr. Chapman has made such a cross. Thé Sepals and petals are for the most part suffused with dark-red purple, the former having a little yellowish white at the apex, and the latter a broad margin of similar colour, while the lip has a zone of dark purple right round the well-toothed yellow crest, and a very broad pale margin and apex, with a number of light streaks all round. The petals and lip are prettily fringed. It should develop into a fine thing when the plant becomes stronger- re the photograph we are indebted to Mr. H. J. Chapman. May, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137 i A PELORIATE DENDROBIUM NOBILE. || H VERY curious Dendrobium has been sent from the collection of F. H. Moore, Esq., Royal Infirmary, Liverpool, which is represented in the annexed figure from a photograph by Mr. F. W. Rolfe. Mr. Moore writes : “Herewith I send another curiosity from among my plants; a flowering bulb of Dendrobium nobile (labelled D. n. Sanderianum) bearing normal flowers, and others coloured as in var. Cooksonianum! I believe this plant flowered last year but showed no peculiarity, and I have other plants of the same variety without.” The bulb, as will be seen in the figure, bore three inflorescences, the one on the left-hand side of the bulb having both Fig. 18. A PELORIATE DENDROBIUM NOBILE. the flowers normal, while both the racemes (one single-flowered) on the right-hand side have the broad petals and basal maroon blotch as in Cooksonianum, a curious case of bilaterality. It is not identical with var. Cooksonianum, but represents a similar condition operating on a different variety, which is very near Sanderianum, though we think not quite as dark in colour. If one could imagine a similar condition operating on D. n. virginale we should expect the much broadened petals without the dark blotch. As in Cooksonianum, it represents a lip-like condition of the petals, and probably indicates’ a division of the staminodial influence of the lip 138 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ May, 1914. between all the three segments of the inner whorl, for the column and anther are normal. It is curious that this condition should operate only on one side of the bulb. It will be interesting to watch the behaviour of the plant next year, for D. n. Cooksonianum is constant. Mr. Moore concludes: ‘‘I am looking forward next season to the flowering of some seedlings I have raised between D. nobile giganteum and another variety of D. nobile, with the purple colour disposed in blotches entirely on the backs of the sepals and petals, and the lip normal. It will be interesting to see if these features are preserved or revert.” UCH interest has always been taken by the Orchid Review in the raising of Odontoglossums from seed. Having recently been very successful in this branch of Orchidology, the following brief note may be helpful to those who still find it a matter of some difficulty. The preparation of a suitable seed bed is first and foremost a necessity. My plan is to pot a plant which will not need disturbance for some time, surface with a good layer of.the best obtainable sphagnum moss, and after the plant is quite re-established—a matter of a few weeks—the seed should be scattered evenly and sparsely on the surface. Henceforth it is merely 4 matter of keeping the compost moist, the temperature as near 50° Fahr. as possible, and shading from strong light. Moisture is afforded by spraying with a Muratori’s Hand Sprayer, but where the grower does not possess _this handy machine, a good plan is to dip the plant in a pail of tepid rain water just to below the rim, holding it there for several minutes. When the seedlings are large enough to handle, they then should be pricked out into pans containing a mixture of finely-chopped polypodium fibre and best sphagnum, removing them from the seed bed by means of a pointed stick, the end of which should be moistened with the tongue, when the tiny seedlings will adhere more easily. The after culture will consist merely in treating the seedlings as is usual for Odontoglossums, plus a little additional care. It should be remarked that the plant selected for the seed bed should be an Odontoglossum, and should be in a good state ofhealth. Thismethod of seed-raising applies also to Odontonias, Odontocidiums, and Miltonia hybrids- In conclusion, I may perhaps suggest that failure is often caused by the seed being improperly ripened or not good, for I have known many cases where healthy pods have formed, but on examining seed under a microscope it has been found worthless. This is especially the case where crosses of wide structural differences are intercrossed, particularly with Odontonias and Oncidium crosses. C. ALWyNn HARRISON: —— a oo Sacer ; i May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW, 139 By C. ALWYN HARRISON. THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. Vee *5 NCREASED atmospheric moisture and ventilation will now be the order of the day, whilst-the blinds will need lowering about 10.30 a.m. and will probably be better not raised again until about four p.m., as the power of the sun is now great, and scorching of the leaves will ensue where too little shade is afforded. Towards the middle of this month the roof glass should be painted with a mixture of flour and water, or a weak solution of Hall’s Distemper will answer the purpose equally well. The main object of painting the glass is to obviate the necessity of keeping the blinds down too long, for this mixture on the glass will not exclude light, _ but at the same time will effectively prevent any damage being done to the plants by the sun’s rays in the early morning and afternoon, whereas a risk of scorching might be run if only the shading by the blind at midday were resorted to. Damping down will be usually required about 10 a.m., midday, and about 3 p.m. After this final syringing it will be found a good plan to close all the ventilators for about an hour, opening as required, and according to the weather, after the superfluous moisture has had time to condense. All plants should be carefully examined daily, and water be given freely to all in bud and active growth. During this month many of the beautiful Cattleya Mendelii, C. Mossiz, and innumerable hybrids will be in full growth, and showing for flower, and the latter should have their leading bulbs neatly staked, when the blossoms will show off to better advantage. Whilst staking these Orchids time should be spared for sponging their leaves, and, if needed for a show, to place a layer of green sphagnum moss on the surface of the compost, which will greatly improve the appearance. : Cattleya Schroederz will now have passed out of flower, and any plants needing renewal of compost should be immediately attended to, working on the lines advocated in the March article. Imported Dendrobiums will now have plumped up and are beginning to emit roots. They should therefore be placed in pots, nearly full of crocks, with a little chopped moss and osmunda fibre over their roots, and a humid atmosphere always maintained around them, affording water directly merely when needed. Renanthera Imschootiana is also a great favourite for summer groups, its long spikes of brilliant scarlet spider-shaped blooms being very attractive, as is also the length of time a spike will last in perfection. These Orchids should be well inured to the light, so as to enable them to 140 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1914. develop their spikes to their full beauty, and should have the leaves frequently sponged, for they are sometimes attacked by mealy bug, which, when once it has become settled in the distichous growths, is difficult to eradicate, and where this is present the plants should be sprayed with a solution of soft soap and nicotine, or with some approved insecticide, afterwards syringing them with pure rain water. Importations of the beautiful blue Vanda coerulea have recently been arriving in quantity, and where any imported pieces have begun to show signs of re-awakening should be potted up and treated as advised for Dendrobiums, shading them for the present from strong sun. Zygopetalum Mackayi, crinitum, and Gottianum are excellent subjects for an amateur’s Intermediate house, and these may now require repotting. The usual method should be carried out, using a compost of loam, osmunda fibre, and moss, whilst plants freshly potted should be kept slightly drier, sprayed overhead, usually daily, and shaded from sun. The coolest end of the house forms a suitable position for these useful winter-flowering Orchids. SUGGESTED ADDITION. SOPHROCATTLEYA. Doris.—For an amateur’s Cattleya house this beautiful Orchid is most suitable, and its brilliant scarlet flowers, with the handsome yellow colouration on the lip, render it very attractive. It was raised some years ago from Sophronitis grandiflora and Cattleya Dowiana aurea, and is still one of the best of these bigeneric hybrids. Being rather a dwarf grower, it should be suspended near the roof glass. Give sufficient water when in active growth to keep the soil damp, but less when at rest, and overhead-syringing must not be practised. Pans are preferable to pots for its accommodation, and re-panning is needed usually every alternate year, a fine mixture of well-chopped Polypodium fibre and sphagnum moss being the best rooting medium. The flowers are of fair size, and continue long in perfection. DISA CHRYSOSTACHYA.—A plant of this remarkable Cape Disa wa exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on April 21st last, by Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough. It is allied to D. polygonoides, Lindl. (Bot. Mag., t. 6552), but has a very much longer spike of deep orang® yellow flowers; the spike in this case measuring nearly a foot long. It . seldom seen in cultivation, but a specimen is preserved at Kew which flowered at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, in April, 1890. The Species is rather widely diffused, extending from the eastern parts of Cape Colony to the Transvaal and Natal, and occurring on grassy hills and damp places from about 2000 to 4000 feet elevation, and occasionally higher-. Jf is well figured in the recently issued volume of Bolus’s Orchids of South Africa (vol. iii. tt. 68, 69). RAR. 1 May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 141 By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s i CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY. Hybridising Department. 6°: ERAL REMARKS.—Plants in each division are now growing freely, and every inducement should be given them to build up strong healthy pseudobulbs. The temperatures for the next few months should be slightly raised, and will be higher than at any other period of the year. The summer-flowering section of Cypripediums may be neatly staked as their flower scapes develop, and the Sobralias that are producing flowers: may be given a little weak liquid manure if they are in a pot-bound condition. Numerous Cattleyas and Miltonia vexillaria in variety will be making a nice display, and it behoves every grower to take care of the distinct ‘C. Lawrenceana, which at present is none too plentiful. Odonto~ glossum grande, Insleayi, and their allies will soon begin to root from the new shoots, and can be repotted at this season if required, while the same remarks apply to Dendrobium Phalenopsis and D. formosum. The Odontoglossum house must be kept cool, and if the weather is hot and dry the top ventilators should be opened with discretion during the day. In the Warm houses a little fire heat will be necessary through the night, but a sharp eye ought to be kept on the stoker to prevent excessive heat in the day time. Each division should be vaporised at intervals to hold in check. insect pests, and a dirty plant ought not to be passed twice in any collection. Cympipiums.—These handsome Orchids are now extremely popular with most growers, thanks to the introduction of the beautiful C. insigne,- which has been the means of creating several new and distinct hybrids. With a few exceptions all the species and hybrids produce spikes of fine showy flowers, while the general aspect is imposing and stately, which | renders them ideal subjects for a corridor, or centre stage in a house of fairly large dimensions. The roots are thick attd fleshy, and as they are freely produced, ample pot-room must be provided. They need a more retentive rooting medium than is given to most Orchids, and’ good results- can be obtained from a mixture of turfy fibrous loam and partly-decayed Oak leaves, to which is added a moderate quantity of crushed crocks.- When repotting, sufficient space must be left below the rim for watering Purposes, as Cymbidiums enjoy plenty of moisture when in robust health. and growing freely. There is no necessity for annual disturbance at the root, but when such an operation is decided upon it should be carried out Soon after the spikes are removed. They are not too exacting in regard to temperature, but for preference the Intermediate house should be chosen, although C. Lowianum will thrive equally well at the warmest end of the: 142 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1914. cool division. Those with pendulous scapes, of which C. Devonianum and C. tigrinum may be cited as examples, are best cultivated in pans, and suspended about two feet from the roof glass. The idea of placing Cymbidiums in a high temperature has been proved erroneous, and more air should be admitted than was usually the case. Red-spider will some- times attack the foliage, and scale will congregate around the pseudobulbs ; the former can be destroyed by sponging, and the latter must be removed directly they make their appearance. A diligent search ought to be made at the time of repotting for scale insects. _ PHALz#Nopsis.—Where a representative collection of these glorious Orchids exists, it-is best to devote a house or division to their culture, but if the number of plants do not warrant this, a shady part of the stove or Warm house should be chosen. They may be grown in baskets, ordinary flower-pots, or teak-wood cylinders, which must be well supplied with drainage. A large quantity of soil is not needed, and the top layer should be clean sphagnum moss, which ought to be kept growing and be renewed directly it gets into.a bad condition. The collar or base: of the leaves can be raised slightly above the rim of the receptacle, and the compost worked between the roots. After being disturbed water must be afforded with great care, for if the soil be saturated the roots will decay and the leaves damp off. A position near the glass should be selected, and the plants must be shaded from all strong sunlight. Throughout the growing season a genial moist atmosphere is necessary, and any examples that were ne repotted may be liberally supplied with water. The leaves of Phalzenopsis are occasionally disfigured. with the ‘spot’ disease, which is usually brought about by excessive moisture at the base and improper ventilation. In regard to the latter, no hard and fast rule can be laid down, bee at must be admitted either from the bottom or top ventilators, whenever it can be done without chilling the plants. rs Puatus.—Both the species and hybrids of this genus are worthy of cultivation, and well-grown examples always prove useful for arranging with other plants, even when not in flower. They bloom at different periods of the year, so it will be quite obvious that all the plants are on tepotted at the same time. This is generally carried out when commencing their new growth, and the compost employed is principally good fibrous loam, with a little peat or fibre and sphagnum moss. It should be used 18 a lumpy condition, and a few crushed crocks may be added with advantag® Liberal and frequent waterings are necessary during their period of activity» and when the plants have filled their receptacles with roots an occaslo : application of weak liquid manure will be beneficial. When the season growth is completed, only enough water need be given to keep the 5° moist. The Intermediate or Cattleya house is usually chosen, but they May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143 ought not to be exposed to strong sunshine during the hottest months of the year. The two finest species are P. simulans and P. tuberculosus, and the former has participated in a splendid series of hybrids, which flower from March till May. Little difficulty is experienced in growing the hybrids, but the species quoted do not respond very readily to the conditions prevailing in our Orchid houses. They hail from Madagascar, and require a few degrees more warmth than the other members of the genus. P. simulans is often tied to a raft with the base placed in a pot or pan, and very little, if any, loam is needed in the compost. Where growers happen to possess a few plants it is advisable to try them in different positions, for up to the present their cultural requirements are not fully understood. A few years after being imported they gradually deteriorate, and eventually die, a fate which overtakes some other Madagascar Orchids ; for example, the scarlet-lipped Cymbidium rhodochilum, which in all probability is only represented by dried specimens in this country at the present time. Mexican Laias.— Where these Lelias were not given fresh rooting material earlier in the year, the present month is a suitable time to do any necessary repotting or top-dressing. Pans or teak-wood baskets may be used as receptacles, which should be amply drained. The compost consists of osmunda or Ar fibre, with a sprinkling of chopped sphagnum moss. No Orchid will succeed unless it possesses a fair amount of live roots, but with L. anceps and its allies the general treatment, such as_ ventilation, temperature, light, and resting plays a most important part in their Successful culture. A‘ separate house is often set apart for this class of plant, but a good substitute is the lightest end of the Cattleya division, where they may remain during the growing season, and receive all the light possible short of scorching the foliage. A moist atmosphere is essential, and the plants can be sprayed overhead whenever the weather is suitable. It is advisable to give the house a thorough damping down when the blinds are removed early in the afternoon, closing all the ventilators at the same time. These may remain closed until the evening, when an inch or so of ventilation will allow any superfluous moisture to escape. Water should be freely given when the roots have taken possession of the soil, and an average temperature of 65° F. maintained, but with sun heat these figures can be exceeded and no harm will accrue. The principal factors in the culture of Mexican Lelias are plenty of light, air, and moisture during their active period, and a decided rest after the pseudobulbs are fully matured. One of the probable causes of failure is that the plants are not sufficiently rested, and are invariably started into growth too early in the year. OpontocLossum ciTRosMUM.—This Mexican Odontoglot will require attention at the base directly the flower scapes are removed. It should be 144 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1914 placed in the Cattleya house in close proximity to the light, in order to : thoroughly mature the new bulbs, otherwise it is somewhat shy in producing its pendulous spikes of pale rose flowers. Plenty of water must be given while in active growth, but when this is finished a long rest is taken, under cooler and drier conditions. ANGULOAS.—Although only a few species are known, they are all useful Orchids to cultivate, particularly the yellow Anguloa Clowesii, which usually attracts the attention of visitors at the Chelsea Show. Many will be showing their flower scapes, and any necessary repotting must wait until they are over, but those that may not be flowering can be repotted without further delay. A portion of fibrous loam should be added to the usual compost, and the plants grown in the Intermediate house. For a few, | weeks after disturbance water should be moderately applied, and the young growths ought to be shaded from direct sunlight, but as maturity is reached. they must receive all the light possible. i LycastTEs are for the most part vigorous-rooting subjects, and therefore need ample pot room. The cultural requirements are much the same 4s with Anguloas, but the popular L. Skinneri will also succeed at the warmest, end of the Cool division. Heavy shade is not recommended, and an alty atmosphere suits them best. A good supply of water is essential through- out the growing season, and when at rest the soil should be kept just moist, LycasTE DYERIANA.—This distinct and rare Lycaste differs from the. usual type in regard to its culture. It should be grown in a downward position, similar to the well-known Cattleya citrina, and only a small quantity of soil is needed. It should be suspended near the roof glass - : the Intermediate division. See: SATYRIUM Botusu.—Under the formula Satyrium coriifolium x. carneum is figured (Bolus Orch. S. Afr., iii. t. 36) a remarkable natural hybrid Satyrium, whose history is thus given: ‘‘ Described from three: living specimens, which were found by Mr. Bodkin growing widely apart but near and among plants of S. coriifolium and S. carneum. In thé specimen drawn the bracts were spreading and in the other two reflexed and narrow. The spike is stouter than is usual in S. coriifolium. Colout of the flowers dull orange, nearly salmon colour shading to red on the crest and spurs; young bracts dull red, older greenish-brown or pinkish-brow? with green veins ; scape red-brown.” The locality is sandy flats near Retreat Station, on the Cape Peninsula. It is probably the plant mentioned ak Ps 112 of our nineteenth volume as having been found at Diep River, and ras seemed to be a hybrid between the two species mentioned. S. Guthriel, originally described as a species (Bolus, l.c., i. t. 21), is also believed to be @ natural hybrid (see O.R., i. p. 269). R.A. May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. ve a (EKG) PaSess b wr) ODONTOGLOSSUM SCOTTIANUM VAR. MOGUL. | ex$ Sis OTe) HE very striking Odontoglossum here figured is a hybrid from O. oakwoodiense X armainvillierense, which was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on April 7th last by Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt: (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander), and received a First-class Certificate under the name of Odontoglossum Mogul. The flower is of good shape, and the ground colour of the clearest white, forming a broad band round the large solid claret-purple blotch which adorns each segment and sets the flowers off to great advantage. The retals and lip are very prettily Fig. 19. ODONTOGLOSSUM SCOTTIANUM VAR. MOGUL. fringed, and altogether the plant is a very charming acquisition. It appears to be a form of O. Scottianum, this having been derived from the same cross. ©. oakwoodiense is supposed to be either a form of O. Wilckeanum or some other natural hybrid in which O. luteopurpureum Is represented, and this, when crossed by Messrs. Charlesworth with a finely-blotched O. armainvillierense, produced a batch of seedlings showing the most extraordinary variation. Some resembled O. armainvillierense, others were More like a large plain O. Pescatorei, while some intermediate forms had the blotching inclining towards the brown of O. luteopurpureum. One was: 146 THE ORCHID REVIEW. | May, 1914. like a plain white O. crispum of good shape, with a trace of O. luteo- purpureum in the lip, and another had the ground colour of the lip clear yellow, with a tinge of the same colour in the sepals and petals, thus showing a reversion to the ground colour of O. luteopurpureum (0.R., xxi. p- 139). In the handsome form here figured the influence of O. armain- villierense, and of the grandparent, O. Pescatorei, are very marked, especially in the details of the lip and column. It is a gem of the first water. eal SOCIETIES. ES RoyaLt HorRTICULTURAL. as first meeting of the month was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on April 7th, and produced a very fine display of Orchids, the awards consisting of seven medals, two First- class Certificates, three Awards of Merit, and one Cultural Commendation. Orchid Committee present :—J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), H. J. Chapman, F. Sander, R. G. Thwaites, F. J. Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, E. H. Davidson, W. H. White, W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, and Sit Harry J. Veitch. Mrs. Norman Cookson, Oakwood, Wylam (gr. Mr. H. J. Chapman), received a Silver Flora Medal for a choice group of Odontiodas and ‘Odontoglossums raised in the collection, noteworthy among them being ‘Odontioda oakwoodiensis Futurist, well blotched with red on a white ground and broadly margined with violet, O. Sibyl purpureum, claret-red with white markings, O. Antonio (see New Hybrids, p. 158), O. Doris, 0. Bradshawiz Cookson’s var., Odontoglossum crispum Pheebe, having the flower almost entirely dark claret-coloured, and two very distinct forms of O. Titania, one being dark the other mostly yellow, and others. Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. Mr. H. & Alexander), also received a Silver Flora Medal for a choice group, including two beautiful specimens of Cattleya Schroederze The Baron, C. Magnet (Mossi Xx Whitei), Sophrocatlelia Sunloch (L.-c. Goldfinch x $-¢+l Dane), reddish orange with some veining on the lip, the handsome Brassocattleya The King, Cymbidium Parishii var. Sanderz bearing tw? fine spikes of blush-white flowers, with red-blotches on the lip, and others- R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington), received a Silver Banksian Medal for a small group, including the brilliant Sophrocattleya Thwaitesii, and a few good hybrid Odontoglossums as Dendrobiums. May, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147 E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset, sent flowers of an Odontioda, and of a hybrid between Cattleya Trianz and Lelia Boothiana. Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier), sent a choice group, including the pretty Pleione yunnanensis, the scarlet Odontioda Vuylstekez gattonensis, a good Odontoglossum Pescatorel album, Ccelogyne Sandere, Masdevallia Arminii, Pleurothallis Grobyi, Cymbidium I’Ansonii, and a good plant of Polystachya paniculata with four spikes of light red flowers. Mrs. Meade King, Seven Elms, Druid Stoke, Bristol, sent for naming a flower of Schomburgkia Lueddemanniana (Bot. Mag., t. 8427). Major Lister, Warninglid Grange, Haywards Heath (gr. Mr. Johnson), sent a plant of Gongora quinquenervis. F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth), sent three well-flowered plants of Dendrobium Thwaitesiz Veitch’s var. J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes), sent two good plants of Cymbidium Lowianum, and Brassocattleya Maronie. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent plants of Odentioda Vuylstekez and Brassocattleya langleyensis. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group, including a fine dark form of Phaius simulans, Coelogyne Sandere with two spikes, Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen Alexandra, the yellow Brassocatlelia Joan, a dark form of Odontioda Brewii, Miltonia Hyeana, Polystachya paniculata, Leeliocattleya Captain Percy Scott with striped flowers, other good Leliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, &c. (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including Lycaste Skinneri alba, with seven flowers, the striking Coelogyne Lawrenceana, Acanthophippium sylhetense, some fine Cattleya Schroeder, C- Parthenia Prince of Wales, Odontioda Charlesworthii and keighleyensis, Dendrobium “ssregatum and thyrsifloram, Cymbidium amabile (Lowio-Mastersi! X 'nsigne), Lzeliocattleyas and Odontoglossums (Silver Flora Medal). : Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a showy ae 'nwhich Dendrobium densiflorum, Brymerianum, Jamesianum, Wardianum and others were prominent, with fine forms of Cattleya Schroedere, Cymbidiums, Odontoglossums, Brassocattleyas, Oncidium pubes, and others (Silver Flora Medal). a James Cypher & Sons, Chelenhe Ded ing the handsome Phaius simulans, Arpop : robium nobile virginale, D. ochreatum, D. sapere “ome good Odontoglossums and Odontiodas (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a small group, gage nit 800d Cattleya Schreedere:, Lzliocattleya Ballii, and the fine white Brasso- “attleya Menda. staged a good group, hyllum giganteum, bum Huttonii, and 148 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1914. i FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. CATTLEYA TITYUS SHRUBBERY VAR. (Enid X Octave Doin).—A very — fine form, having blush pink flowers of perfect shape, and the lip rose- purple in front of the rich yellow disc. Exhibited by F. M. Ogilvie, Esq,, The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. W. Balmforth). ODoNTOGLOSsUM MocUL (oakwoodiense X armainvillierense).—A vety _ striking hybrid, which is described and figured at page 145. Exhibited by — Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O. (gr. Mr. H. G. Alexander). AWARDS OF MERIT. " L2LIOCATTLEYA AMABILIS VAR. FASCINATOR (L.-c. Fascinator albens X C. Lueddemanniana Stanleyi)—A very charming variety, having pure white sepals and petals, and a deep claret-purple lip with a pale margin. — Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. ODONTIODA CLIVE (parentage unrecorded).—A handsome hybrid, which is described and figured at page 136. Exhibited by Mrs. Norman Cooksai ODONTIODA GRAIREANA SPLENDENS (C. Neetzliana xX O. Rossii).—A very fine form, having pale lilac-rose sepals and petals, blotched with orange-red, and the lip light rose with a yellow crest. Exhibited by M. H.. Graire, Amiens, France. CULTURAL COMMENDATION. A L&LIOCATTLEYA Ticris (L. Cowanii x L.-c. Dominiana).—To Mr. H. G. Alexander, Orchid grower to Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.0. for a splendidly-grown specimen, bearing two tall spikes of deep yi flowers with the front of the lip claret-purple. A meeting of the Orchid Committee was also held on Wednesday; April 15th, in connection with a Special Daffodil Show, to adjudicate upon Orchids submitted for certificate, when four Awards of Merit were given. Orchid Committee present: De Barri Crawshay, Esq. (in the Chait), — and Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, S. Flory, J. E. Shill, J. Charlesworth, and T. Armstrong. AWARDS OF MERIT. : ‘ : 3 oria MILTONIA VEXILLARIA LyoTH (vexillaria chelseiensis X v. mem . ‘ ; d G. D. Owen).—A charming variety, with large rose-coloured flowers, ae the disc of the lip bearing a large purple-crimson mask, from which extends a number of short radiating lines. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath. ite ODONTIopA Joan (O. Charlésworthij X Odontoglossum pre villierense).—A brilliant crimson-red flower, with a yellow crest and Som” | yellow markings on the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. ODONTOGLossuM ELIssa (Edwardii x iilustrissimum).—Much a : with broad purple segments, and the crest a Thompsonianum in shape, May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149 lip yellow. Exhibited by Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom (gr. Mr. Farnes). ODONTOGLOSSUM EXIMIUM DELL VaR. (armainvillierense X crispum).— A very fine form, having a large claret-red blotch and a few smaller spots on the segments, which have a broad whitish margin, while the lip is white, with a large red blotch in front of the yellow crest and a few small red lines. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill). OTHER EXHIBITs. De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), showed a fine form of Odontoglossum Crawshayanum. Lord Grantly, Red Rice, Andover, showed Odontoglossum Zena {sceptrum X Harryanum). : G. Hamilton-Smith, Esq., Finchley (gr. Mr. Coningsby), showed Cymbidium glebelandense var. roseum, a hybrid between C. insigne and C. Schreederi, and having the segments well veined with rose, and the lip most like the Schrcederi parent in shape (see p. 132). Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epson (gr. Mr. Farnes), showed the handsome Cattleya Lueddemanniana Stanleyi, and Odontoglossum Pescatorei virginea, a large form blotched with violet-purple. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent the rare Angraecum fastuosum, Trichopilia Backhouseana, Odontoglossum crispum Albania, a home-raised seedling of great promise, and Brassocattleya Princess Elizabeth, a pretty hybrid between B.-c. Maronii and Cattleya Mossiz. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, showed the pretty white Cattleya Gravesiana amabilis (Mossiz Wageneri x Lueddemanniana). The usual fortnightly meeting was held on April 21st, and produced a very fine display, no fewer than ten medals and four Cultural Commend- ations being given, with one First-class Certificate, and one Award of Merit. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, de B. Crawshay, W. H. White, A. Dye, W. H. Hatcher, H. G. Alexander, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, W. Cobb, F. M. Ogilvie, F. J. Hanbury, T. Armstrong, R. G. Thwaites, Stuart Low, R. A. Rolfe, S. W. Flory, and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bert. F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth), teceived a Silver Flora Medal for thirteen splendidly-grown Odontiodas, including Bradshawiz, Vuylstekez, and Charlesworthii (see also Awards), and a fine example of Brassolelia Veitchii. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), received @ Silver Flora Medal for a fine group, including the striking Lycaste 150 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (May, 1914 gigantea, Nanodes Meduse, Epidendrum Stamfordianum, Chondrorhyncha Chestertonii, Bulbophyllum galbinum, Zygopetalum Perrenoudii, Maxillaria Sanderiana and luteoalba, with some good Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, Cattleya Schreedere, Leliocattleyas, and others. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham Hill (gr. Mr. Hannington), received a Silver Banksian Medal for a pretty little group, including a fine example of Brassocattleya Leemanniz, and a few good Odontiodas, Odontoglossums, and Dendrobiums, two of which are described under New Hybrids (p. 159). Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier), staged.a choice group, including two examples of the striking Coelogyne Lawrenceana, Dendrobium Nestor, D. Brymerianum Gatton, Park var., the brilliant scarlet Odontioda Vuylstekez Lady Colman, and Luisia Cantharis. De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Stables), sent good examples of Odontoglossum harvengtense, Titania, and Leonidas. Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. Mt Alexander), sent Odontoglossum crispum Iolanthe, a very fine round white form with a cluster of violet blotches on the sepals and lip, and the brilliant Sophrocattleya Thwaitesii. ? C. Kirch, Esq., Uplands Road, Hornsey, showed a well-grown specimen of Coelogyne pandurata. : Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a fine group, which the showy Dendrobiums were well represented, including 4 fine example of the blue D. Victoria-Regina, other good things being Oncidium Marshallianum, Renanthera Imschootiana, Phalenopsis amabilis, Brass0- cattleyas, &c. (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a very showy group, including finely grown examples of Cattleya Mossiz, Mendelii, and Schreederze, C. Lawrenceana with a spike of nine flowers, Lzliocattley Ballii and Ganymede, and a few good Odontoglossums, Odontiodas, and Masdevallias (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a good groups containing some fine Odontoglossums, a blotched O. crispum bearing # spike of thirty-three flowers, Brassocattleya Veitchii splendens and other B. Digbyana crosses, Bulbophyllum barbigerum, Lezeliocattleya Mercl® Dendrobium signatum x Rolfez, with yellow flowers, D. nobile virginale, Cypripedium Venus Orchidhurst var., &c. (Silver Banksian Medal). : Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a good group, including Oncidium concolor and Marshallianum, fine examples of Cattleya Mendel and Schroeder, Dendrobium Jamesianum and fimbriatum oculatum, V i Ceerulescens var. Boxallii, Masdevallia caudata and Heathii, Restrep® elegans, Chysis bractescens, &c. (Silver Banksian Medal). May, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15r Messrs. Flory & Black, Slough, staged a good group of Cattleya Schroederze and showy Leeliocattleyas, the rare Disa chrysostachya (see p. 140), Epidendrum aurantiacum, Masdevallia bockingensis, a fine Odonto- glossum Pescatorei, Disa LI.una and sagittalis, Odontonia Lairessez, Brassocattleya Maroniz Xx C. Mendelli, a pretty white form with a rosy blotch in the lip, &c. (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a good group, including Dendrobium densiflorum superbum, a particularly fine form, Trichopilia Hennisii and suavis, Bifrenaria Harrisonie pubigera, Acanthophippium sylhetense, Vanda suavis, Masdevallia Schlimii, the handsome Cattleya Clementine, Eulophia Saundersiana, Leliocattleyas, &c. (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. W. B. Hartland & Son, Cork, staged a small group, including Cymbidium I’Ansonii (Mandaianum) with two spikes, C. Schroederi, and a few Cattleyas, Cypripediums, and Brassocattleyas (Bronze Banksian Medal). Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a small group of choice things, including the fine Miltonia vexillaria Empress Augusta Victoria, Sophrocatlelia Niobe, Sophrolelia heatonensis, a good Odonto- glossum crispum xanthotes with eleven flowers, Odontioda Elsie (C.- Neetzliana x Odontioda Charlesworthii), with red flowers, Odontoglossum Pescatorei Charlesworthii, and others. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a fine example of Cattleya Dusseldorfii Undine. FIRST-CLASs CERTIFICATE. OponToGLossuM MIRABEAU VAR. MASTIFF (mirum X Lambeauianum). —A remarkably fine form, having the greater part of the flower deep maroon-purple, irregularly margined with white, while the lip is white, heavily blotched with maroon. The spike bore five flowers. Exhibited by Messrs. J. & A. McBean. AWARD OF MERIT. OncipIopA CooKsONIZ VAR. GRENADIER (C. Neetzliana X O, macranthum).—An exceptionally dark form, the flowers being almost ruby-red in colour. The plant bore a long trailing spike. Exhibited by Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom (gr. Mr. Farnes). CuLTURAL COMMENDATIONS. C@LOGYNE PANDURATA ORCHIDHURST VAR.—To Messrs. Armstrong & Brown for a very vigorous plant, with a spike of thirteen large emerald §teen flowers, with black markings on the lip. Opontiopa DiaNa.—To Mr. W. Balmforth, gardener to F. M. Ogilvie, Esq., for a very fine plant, bearing four panicles and over 170 flowers. Opbontiopa Mrs. F. M. OciLvie.—Also to Mr. W. Balmforth, the plant bearing a compact panicle with sixty flowers, forming quite a picture. 452 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [May, 1914. PHAIUS WALLICHIIT SANDERIANA.—To. Messrs. Sander & Sons, for a z moble specimen, bearing three fine spikes about five feet high. | MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on March | 26th the members of Committee present were: Z. A. Ward, Esq. (in ‘the Chair), Messrs. J. Bamber, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, .W. H. Hatcher, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, V Morgan, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). A Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to J. Leemann, Esq., West Bank House, Heaton Mersey (gr. Mr. Smith), a feature of the group being an interesting collection of hybrid Cymbidiums in fine condition, with numerous Cattleyas, Cypripediums, Odontoglossums, &c., forming a very | fine display. . ; : | Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchureh 4gr. Mr. Gilden), and A. Warburton, Esq., Haslingden (gr. Mr. Dalgleish), for fine miscellaneous groups. Silver Medals were awarded to W. Thompson, Esq., Stone (gr. Mr Howes) ; Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton) ; Messrs. ‘Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, and Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, for ‘good mixed groups. A Bronze Medal was awarded to Mr. W. Shackleton, Highfield, Brad- ford, for a group of Cymbidiums, Odontoglossums, and others. Interesting exhibits were Staged by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (sr. Mr. Rogers), the group containing a very fine collection of Dendrobiums; R. le Doux, Esq., West Derby (gr. Mr. Fletcher); W. R. Lee, — Heywood (gr.. Mr. Branch); Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., me Heath; Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, whose group contain , the striking Chondrorhyncha Chestertonii ; Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon; Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, and Mr. J. Evans, _ | FIRST-CLass CERTIFICATES. ‘ d | Cymbidium Pauwelsii maximum, a full round flower, of good size 4” | olour, and well marked on the lip, from J. Leemann, Esq. C4 Brassocattleya Vilmoriniana var Centaur (B.-c. Leemannie X ** | Mossiz), a huge, well-set flower, from W. R. Lee, Esq. of Odontoglossum Princess of Pless, a large, evenly marked flower | brilliant colour, from R. le Doux, Esq. dark Odontioda Brewii Walton Grange var., a good round flower, very in colour, with flat lip, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. aa Cattleya Warneri Ardenholme var., a large flower of good shape # > Rees OUR NOTE BOOK. Bers | HE recent Shows have afforded some striking illustrations of progress in hybridisation in the Miltonia group, and of the way it is being linked up with Odontoglossum and allied genera. At the Holland House Show a First-class Certificate was given to a very charming hybrid between Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldii and Odontoglossum Rolfez, which was exhibited by Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher under the name of Odontonia Cleverleyana, and an Award of Merit to one from Miltonia Bleuana and Odontioda Charlesworthii, exhibited by M. Firmin Lambeau as Vuylstekeara insignis, the latter combining the three genera Miltonia, Odontoglossum, and Cochlioda. At the R.H.S. meeting held a fortnight later another triumph of the hybridist’s art appeared, in the shape of a hybrid between Miltonia vexillaria and Odontoglossum Uroskinneri, under the name of Odontonia Charlesworthii, for which Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. were unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate. This brilliant acquisition is illustrated at page 241, and it will be seen how completely the characters of its very distinct parents are combined, though no figure in black and white can do justice to its rich coloration. In some respects the flower may be compared to a much enlarged and glorified edition of the Odontoglossum parent, but the influence of the Miltonia—which was the pollen parent—can be traced all over, particularly in the shape of the lip andcolumn. The seedling has apparently a good constitution, and should develop into a very fine thing when the plant becomes stronger. Miltonia vexillaria has now been united with such very distinct species as Odontoglossum crispum, O. Edwardii, O. Uroskinneri, and Cochlioda Neetzliana, and as there are already several secondary hybrids between the tWo genera, it is obvious that the march of improvement will continue, and When more of the habit and vigorous character of the numerous blotched Odontoglossum hybrids have been introduced, some remarkable develop- ments may be expected. Successes of this kind will only stimulate our 226 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGust, 1914. hybridists to make further experiments, and already we have evidence of a number of interesting experiments in progress, though the time has not yet come to speak about them, and there are many disappointments in such work. The hybrids of Miltonia proper were dealt with in our June issue very thoroughly, and it would be an interesting experiment to unite these with Miltonioda Harwoodii, Odontonia brugensis, and the spotted Odontonia Cleverleyana, with a view to increasing the range of colour variation, which has hitherto been rather limited. There are two or three other spotted Odontonias partly derived from Miltonia vexillaria, all of which would be worth trying, as they could scarcely fail to be showy, and they would probably succeed under the same treatment as the rest of the group. They require a little more heat than the cool Odontoglossums, and this may prove to be one of the difficulties in uniting the two groups, though it is not likely to be insuperable, as a few experiments will probably show the most suitable treatment. At all events any difficulty in raising the seedlings has been overcome. A suggestion to hold another Show of autumn-blooming Orchids in 1915, on the lines of the one held in November, 1912, was put forward by the chairman of the R.H.S. Orchid Committee at its meeting held on July 14th—it was too late for the present year, as the programme was already arranged—and the idea was favourably received; indeed, surprise Was expressed that such a highly successful event was not continued annually. It would entail very little trouble to adapt one of the ordinary meetings— preferably the first November meeting—to this purpose, and we hope the Society will make the necessary arrangements in its next programme. The thing should be done properly, and autumn-blooming Orchids are now so numerous that a special meeting at this season would almost certainly be successful. We shall be glad to have any suggestions from our readers 0? the subject. Two addresses are reviewed in close juxtaposition in the last issue of < Journal of Botany (pp. 175-177). The first is that of Dr. J. F. Lotsy; e : at a meeting of the Linnean Society on February rgth last, “On the Pe - of Species by Crossing,” which was very fully dealt with in our ge issue. The second is by Prof. G. Henslow, read on June 4th, fe Darwin’s Alternative Explanation of the Origin of Species without ¥ means of Natural Selection,” in which various subjects are discussed a the opinions of different authors are collected. The review conclude ge what is termed Darwin’s final charge against scientists for their misrept ) AucusT, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 227 sentations: ‘‘ Great is the power of steady misrepresentation; but the history of science shows that, fortunately, this power does not long endure.” And the reviewer adds: ‘‘ It has lasted for fifty-five years (1859-1914).” We do not remember the precise connection of Darwin’s remark—and our notes are written far away from all books of reference—neither do we know whether the reviewer regards these addresses as a final and triumphant refutation of Darwin’s epoch-making work or whether it is that he cannot see the wood for the trees, but we recall the comment of a —possibly sarcastic—correspondent that there are no species now, every- thing is a hybrid between its parents. We have also been told that hybridisation introduces no new character; that hybrids are either intermediate or combine the characters of their parents, so that we are still left in doubt as to the origin of the two great original super-parents and their obviously multitudinous characters. The origin and development of Orchids becomes a mere trifling and subordinate detail. And if “‘‘species’ (if the term may be used without begging the question) faithfully reproduce their kind for ever, unless crossing intervene’’ we are left without a clue as to their “origin” before sexual reproduction took place. Again, if “inheritable variability does not exist,” and there is no such thing as inheritance of “acquired” characters, it is not clear how “definite variation leads to permanent modification of character.” Perhaps, after all, the last word has not been said upon the subject. MURDER OF A PLANT COLLECTOR.—The last issue of the Kew Bulletin gives (p. 192) some details of the murder by natives of Amboina, on December 13th, 1913, of Dr. C. B. Robinson, of the Bureau of Science, Manila, of which a short note appeared at page 37 of our February issue. Dr. Robinson had gone to Amboina in order to collect over the classic §tound visited by Rumphius, and to obtain as complete a collection as Possible of the species figured and described by the latter, which included a large number of Orchids, whose identity is still uncertain. Mr. E. D. Merrill, who proceeded to Amboina immediately on hearing the melancholy news, has fortunately recovered and taken to Manila the whole of the botanical collection made by Dr. Robinson, and intends to distribute them in two Sets, one of which will consist of the plants that can be definitely connected With the species figured and described by Rumphius, so that the result of the €xpedition will not be wholly lost. The true cause of the murder seems Somewhat obscure, for the body was thrown into the sea without anything having been stolen, and it seems possible that Dr. Robinson was the victim of superstitious fear caused among the natives by his sudden and 228 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (AUGUST, 1914, unexplained appearance in the lonely spot to which he had walked unaccompanied. Dr. Robinson is said to have been very popular with the natives and with their children, and frequently made journeys alone. His death caused general mourning among the population of Amboina. Dr. Robinson was a British subject, a citizen of Nova Scotia, and was for two years in residence at Christ’s College, Cambridge. His untimely end is a great loss to botanical science. Kien HERBARIA AND THEIR USE. Fee] HE opening of the Reichenbachian Herbarium, and the assurance of Prof. Zahlbruckner (pp. 206, 207) that its contents are undamaged after their long incarceration, is a matter of the greatest interest to Orchidists, and serves to call attention to the use of Herbaria generally. A Herbarium is a collection of samples of the world’s Flora, and its value depends entirely upon the completeness of its contents and the accuracy with which they are named and classified. An explorer may visit some unknown country and bring home a collection of dried specimens to illustrate the plants that he met with during his travels. They will be more or less localised, and may be accompanied by sketches, and notes of colour, station or altititude, in which case their value is much increased. In course of time they will be named by some botanist, and technical descriptions published, so that the plants may be identified by those who subsequently visit the same country or may meet with them elsewhere. The specimens then become the ,types of these descriptions and the ultimate standards of comparison in all cases of doubt or confusion in the future. But if these descriptions are incomplete, or unaccompanied by dimensions or figures, or if any of the technical terms are used in some unusual sense, it may not be possible to identify the plants from the descriptions alone, hence the importance of the types, or of fully authenticated specimens of the same species. This is precisely what has happened in the case of the Reichenbachian Herbarium. Numerous collections of dried specimens were made PY Orchid collectors, as Wagener, Schlim, Roezl, Wallis, Lehmann, and others too numerous to mention, and the specimens were forwarded to Reichenbach, who named them, and published characteristically imperfect descriptions, from which it is often impossible to identify the plants. The would not have mattered so much if the specimens had been accessible 19 the ordinary way, but it is notorious that they were not, and the difficulty, though not felt so much during the eccentric author’s lifetime, has been greatly intensified by the extraordinary provisions of his Will, which has AucusT, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 229 greatly handicapped the systematic study of Orchids for a generation, and has probably created a good deal of unnecessary synonymy, simply because the world could not stand still for a quarter of a century. Of this, how- ever, it is too soon to speak. We must ‘‘ Wait and see.”’ There is another difficulty in connection with the identification of plants from descriptions alone that is not always realised, namely, that of the imperfect condition of the materials from which such descriptions were prepared, and this may arise from several causes. A single specimen cannot indicate the range of variation of a species, and although this may not matter much when average specimens are collected, it creates a serious difficulty when descriptions are prepared from unduly luxuriant or starved examples, or in the case of an Orchid flowering for the first time after being imported, and sometimes not normally developed. Species have been described from such materials—there may be such in the Reichenbachian Herbarium—though such errors are easily corrected from subsequent materials. Species carefully described from incomplete but normally developed specimens generally tell their own story, but if the materials are in any way abnormal or if essential characters are omitted, and the native country is unknown, one can easily recognise how difficult or impossible it may be to name closely allied species from the description alone, and how essential it is to preserve specimens for future reference. Similar illustrations indicate the value of type specimens. Strictly speaking, a type specimen is the actual material from which a species is described, however incomplete or abnormal it may be, and is always the ultimate court of appeal in case of doubt, though there may be duplicate specimens of almost equal value. For example, a collector may gather several specimens from the same plant, or from different plants growing together that he considers identical, and distribute these to different establishments under a common number. One of these will be named and described, and thus become the actual type specimen. But the number will be cited, enabling the other specimens to be named, and these, often called co-types, will be of practically equal value with the original for purposes of identification. Some of Schlim’s specimens were distributed in this way, also the earlier ones of Lehmann, but in the latter Case the value of the co-types is reduced by Lehmann’s unfortunate Practice of adding to any given number specimens gathered at a later date, and even in a different locality, that he thought were identical, and in this way he has sometimes added specimens of a distinct and allied species, thus destroying the value of the system of collectors’ field numbers. Such an €xtension of the system should not be made. There are other kinds of co-types. A plant from which a type specimen was gathered would be called the type plant, and all specimens afterwards 230 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Avcust, 1914 dried from it would be equally authentic with the original. There are “various specimens at Kew that were dried from the very plant that produced Reichenbach’s original type. Another example is supplied by Mr. John Day’s collection of Orchid paintings, now at Kew. In the case of an unknown plant Mr. Day would make a coloured sketch, and then forward materials to Reichenbach, adding the name to the drawing when a reply was received. A number of such plants proved new and were described, thus giving to the drawing the importance of the actual type. The value of a Herbarium depends largely upon the number of type and authentically named specimens it contains, hence that of the Reichenbachian Herbarium should be very great, quite apart from any sentimental value it may possess. It derives a special importance from the fact that after Dr. Lindley’s death practically all the novelties obtained by Orchid collectors, both in the shape of dried specimens and of those that flowered in European gardens during the period of great activity before hybrids assumed such importance, were named by Reichenbach. The more showy species were figured in the Botanical Magazine and other horticultural works, but a great many have never been figured, and some of them were never generally diffused in cultivation, or were quickly Jost; the result being that a good many are only known from the often imperfect descriptions. It is here that the closing of the Reichenbachian Herbarium has been chiefly felt. Some of the species have been re-introduced, and have been identified, with more or less uncertainty, from descriptions, others have probably been described under new names, and some have been dried and still await the opportunity to compare them with the type specimens, and this period of waiting has not unnaturally been accompanied by a good deal of impatience on the part of growers, who have sometimes been unable to get names for their plants. : The whole of Reichenbach’s types, however, are not contained in his Herbarium, for some ot his species were based on specimens in the Lindley Herbarium, and others in the General Herbarium at Kew (and doubtless elsewhere), though in some cases Reichenbach did not write his names upon the sheets. How far these species are represented in the Reichenbachiae Herbarium remains to be seen, and, of course, he may have made sketches of them. Type specimens are of the most varied description, and anything i serve. Any specimen that is sent to an establishment for determinatio® may be described as a new species, in which case it becomes the type ns that description, whatever the subsequent history of the plant may be. ia would naturally be dried and preserved, and if the species afterwards pr? identical with some older one it would still be the type of the SUP 42 note- novelty. A few flowers pressed between the leaves of some traveller's ® Aucust, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 230 book may be the basis of a new species, and there are many types which have a very interesting history. When Osbeck, on his return from China, over a century and a-half ago, landed for a short time on the coast of Western Java, and brought away an inflorescence of a beautiful white Orchid, which he subsequently dried and. sent to Linnzus, he probably did not realise that it would stand for all time as the type specimen of one of the most beautiful Orchids we possess. Linneus called it Epidendrum amabile—the few epiphytic Orchids then known were all called Epidendrum, but much has been learnt since then. Later on Swartz saw that some division of Epidendrum was necessary, and created the genus Cymbidium, to which Osbeck’s plant was referred, as- Cymbidium amabile. Blume next saw that the plant was not a Cymbidium, and called it Phalaenopsis amabilis, owing to a fancied resemblance to a moth. Under this name it appears in Lindley’s Genera and Species of Orchidaceous Plants, the species then not being in cultivation. When Cuming afterwards went to the Philippines he sent living specimens. of a beautiful white Phalzenopsis that Lindley thought was P. amabilis, Blume, and so figured it in the Botanical Register, but when subsequently the true Javan plant was imported alive Lindley, instead of seeing his- mistake, described it as a new species, under the name of P. grandiflora, and actually figured a flower of each to show the difference between them. It was left to Reichenbach to point out the error, but in such a way that. the erroneous names were retained for garden use, and before the correct names were fully adopted the Javan plant, by another irony of fate, was- imported in quantity under the name of P. Rimestadiana, under which it is- still largely grown. In some cases the type specimens were not kept, or have been subsequently lost. Even Lindley, in some cases, made a drawing on his- Herbarium sheet and did not keep the specimen, so that the drawing becomes the only type. But when neither specimen nor drawing can be found it may be difficult or impossible to identify an imperfectly described plant, and there are such cases among Orchids, all of which shows the 'mportance of an exact standard of reference. We have spoken of a Herbarium in the limited sense of a collection of dried plants of any definite kind, not in the broader sense of a large éstablishment devoted to every phase of botanical work, with its necessary adjunct of an extensive library and collection of drawings, as the great ‘Rational establishment at Kew. This indeed contains many different Herbaria, as the Lindley Orchid Herbarium, the Watson and the Borrer Herbaria of British plants, the Wallichian Herbarium of Indian plants, &., all of which retain their distinct names because not incorporated in the general collection. 232 2 THE. ORCHID. REVIEW. [AuGusT, 1914, [Ress HE annexed illustration gives what may be termed a bird’s-eye view of Messrs. Stuart Low & Co.’s new establishment at Jarvisbrook, Sussex, of which an account was given at pp. 202-206 of our last issue. It ORCHIDS AT JARVISBROOK, SUSSEX. Ear shows the position and some of the surroundings of the blocks of houses described last month, but nothing further is possible, for all the details are necessarily on a greatly reduced scale. It should also be explained that all the houses shown are not devoted to Orchids, though our account was necessarily limited to those in which these plants are grown. There are numerous Carnation houses, while the eleven acres of ground are devoted Fig. 25. Birp’s-EYk VIEW or Messrs. STUART Low & Co.'s JARVISBROOK NURSERY. to roses and other nursery stock of which Messrs. Stuart Low & Co. make a speciality. The grounds are not yet fully utilised, and it may be interesting to add that Orchids are not entirely new to the locality, for 0” looking round we quickly detected examples of the native Listera ovale and Orchis maculata, which seemed quite at home among their surroundings: It was also interesting to see the pumping machinery and large storage tank which supplies the nursery with water, these and other details being of quite modern and up-to-date character. The Orchid houses, 45 already explained, were built to replace those at Bush Hill Park, Enfield, which have now been dismantled, and the illustration on the opposite page ale! AucustT, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 233 an interesting memento of the old establishment. It represents the Entrance Corridor to the Cool Orchid house, and forms an interesting little picture, besides illustrating well the decorative value of these beautiful plants. A number of Odontoglossum crispum and O. Pescatorei will readily be recognised, together with Dendrobium thyrsiflorum and an NTRANCE CORRIDOR TO Coot ORCHID HOUSES AT BusH Hirt PArk, ENFIELD. ~ E Fig. 26. Oncidium, with the usual accompaniment of decorative foliage plants. It may be added that a short account of the Enfield establishment of Messrs, Hugh Low & Co. was given in 1898 (O.R., vi. pp. 294, 295), and more detailed one nine years later (xv. pp. 139-144). For the loan of the locks we are indebted to Messrs. Stuart Low & Co. THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1914, By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s 234 i CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST. ; Hybridising Department. URING the present month the general growing conditions should be maintained in each division, and to achieve this object it will be necessary to devote considerable time to the ventilation, shading, judicious watering, and damping down in every house. Success will largely depend upon how these details are carried out, and cleanliness is equally important. At this period of the year some plants will have completed their season’s growth, while others will be approaching that stage. Where possible they should be placed in another house, where the atmosphere is slightly drier, and the shading is not quite so heavy, but care must be taken that they do not suffer from drought. If this idea cannot be carried out they may be arranged in a batch and treated accordingly. CALANTHES.—From now until the leaves begin to decay the Calanthes should be afforded copious waterings, and if space has been left for top- dressing, the present is a good time to do it. Some growers give all occasional watering with weak liquid cow manure and soot, but this should not be permitted until root action is vigorous, and the new pseudobulb is formed. The leaves of well-grown Calanthes take up @ lot of space, but they must be allowed plenty of room to develop. CYMBIDIUMS that were repotted early in the year will take water more frequently, and any that need fresh rooting material may be given attention. Among the latter will be C. Lowianum, C. eburneum, and others that were not disturbed earlier in the year. CATTLEYAS AND ALLIES.—Cattleya labiata is making up some fine pseudobulbs, and water must be given generously till the spikes a removed. C. Gaskelliana and some of the long-bulbed sections will be flowering. The various forms of Lelia anceps are well-rooted, and a ae of the early plants will be developing their flower scapes in conjunction with the new growth. The shading should be removed earlier in the day, and the plants ought not to become dry at the base. Many of the small Bulbophyllums, Cirrhopetalums, and the other miniature botanical Orchids can be either top-dressed or repotted as they Pass out of flower. They are usually suspended from the roof, where the atmosphere is warm and moist, and at no time ought they to becom excessively dry at the root. DENDROBIUMS belonging to the nobile group will begin to complet? their season’s growth, and when the terminal leaf appears the resting pe can be commenced by giving the plants a lighter and more airy pos but a fair quantity of water will still be necessary. AvcusT, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235 ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AND ALLIES.—Towards the end of the month a start should be made to repot any Odontoglossums that require it. As many as possible should be repotted at this season, then the plants have a chance of re-establishing themselves before the winter months. Large pots should not be used, a point that ought to be borne in mind when dealing with most Orchids. A variety of soils have been recommended at different periods, but as a general rule that suggested for Masdevallias and Miltonias will suit the Colombian Odontoglossums and their hybrids. I have heard that in some collections osmunda fibre is not so satisfactory as a mixture of peat and sphagnum, and it would be interesting to hear readers’ views on this important subject. The newly-potted plants should be staged at one end of the house, then their individual requirements can be studied, especially in regard to watering and shading. Although these Odontoglossums are usually well grown, there are instances where they do not thrive and produce that fine healthy appearance so dear to the heart of every Orchidist. In many cases the cause is too much water at the root, and keeping the atmosphere always in a saturated condition. Nothing is more conducive to healthy growth than allowing the atmosphere to become comparatively dry for a couple of hours each day. Disas.—We rarely find these distinct and handsome Orchids in a thriving condition, no doubt partly owing to the time when they are repotted, and to a close, stuffy atmosphere. The repotting should be done a week or so after the flower spikes are removed, and about every second year. The first to need attention is D. Luna and some of the other hybrids, while the brilliant D. grandiflora can wait a few weeks later. A suitable rooting medium is made up of the best fibrous loam, sphagnum moss, and a little peat, with a fair sprinkling of silver sand or crushed crocks. For well-rooted examples pots at least two sizes larger will be necessary, and very little disturbance will be needed. With the last layer of soil a few living heads of sphagnum can be incorporated, which will help to keep the roots in a moist condition. At no time must Disas suffer from drought, because they are practically perpetual growers, and have no decided resting season. The coolest end of the Odontoglossum house should be chosen, and immediately below a ventilator, for fresh air is a most important factor in Disa culture. This should be open more or less throughout the year, both day and night. Where large specimens exist and the growths have become small it will be advisable to divide them into several pieces, taking care that each portion has a tuber attached. If potted in rather small receptacles they will soon become established, when a larger pot may be Siven. The pots should be plunged in moss or any moisture holding Material, and when the house is vaporised the Disas ought to be removed to another structure until the fumes have escaped, or the leaves will be 236 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, 1914. injured. Thrip is sometimes troublesome, but an occasional spraying with a good liquid insecticide will hold them in check, or the plants may be dipped in a similar solution. C@LOGYNE PANDURATA.— This Coelogyne is not a difficult plant to grow if it is provided with a hot moist atmosphere during its period of activity, and a few degrees less warmth when at rest. The pseudobulbs are produced at intervals on a stout rhizome, and for this reason a long teak- wood basket proves the best receptacle. The general compost should be used, and when necessary, new soil can be given a few weeks after the spikes are removed, or directly root action is evident. PERISTERIA ELATA is a strong growing plant which will now be throwing up its flower spikes. Where they are in a pot-bound condition, an application of weak liquid cow manure will be of considerable benefit, but it must be discontinued when the first flower opens. Some good fibrous loam should be added to the usual fibres when any repotting takes place. ONcIDIUM BICALLosuUM is a fine Orchid, and may be repotted at this season if the compost is decayed or a larger receptacle is required. A loose or retentive rooting medium is not conducive to the production of strong spikes with flowers of lasting quality, so osmunda and polypodium fibre should be used in equal parts, with just a sprinkling of sphagnum moss. Make the soil fairly firm and afford water sparingly till the roots are well away. This Oncidium may be grown either in the Cattleya or Intermediate house. RENANTHERA IMSCHOOTIANA.—This is one of the many Orchids that 8 often represented in collections by several examples, and rightly so, inf 2 scapes of bright vermilion flowers are always admired. As the flowering period has now passed, fresh roots will be pushing out from the stems, and the compost should be renewed if at all decayed. This should consist of osmunda fibre, good quality peat, and sphagnum moss in equal parts, while the last layer should be fresh sphagnum, free from weeds and other rubbis i Where the plants have become leggy, and the stems leafless, the top portion may be severed immediately below new roots and potted up, but for @ ie weeks a little extra shade will be necessary. The lower half may “break, and form two or more growths, if kept slightly on the dry side. Imschootiana has been tried in several houses, but the best results h been obtained at the cool end of the Cattleya or Intermediate hous position near the glass is essential. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA AND ITS VARIETIES.—These beaut may now be overhauled, and given new compost where such is necessaty: A suitable mixture consists of osmunda or polypodium fibre, good “ey peat, and sphagnum moss in equal parts, while some growers hk sprinkling of partly-decayed oak or beech leaves with beneficial rest oa ave ifal Orchids ee ote) THE ORCHID REVIEW. i Hard potting is not advised, and the other extreme must also be avoided. Small examples may be moved on without much disturbance, but larger specimens which show signs of deteriorating can be pulled into several: pieces, cutting away any dead roots and superfluous back pseudobulbs, and removing all the old soil. Each lead or growing point should have two or three old bulbs behind it, and if each piece is given a separate receptacle they will soon make nice plants, full of vigour, and be capable of producing some strong spikes in due season. They should all be given a position in the Intermediate house, and water must be applied with caution for a few weeks until the roots are seen creeping over the edge of the pot, when the supply can be slightly increased. Shade from direct sunlight will be necessary, and the surroundings should be kept moist by syringing between the pots, and lightly spraying overhead whenever the weather is hot. MILTONIA HYBRIDS.—The oldest and most common hybrid belonging to this section is M. Bleuana, which may be grown in the same way as M. vexillaria. Many other hybrids have appeared of late years, and probably the flowering period will be somewhat irregular. In such cases they must be repotted when the occasion arises, irrespective of season or orthodox methods. OncipIopa Cooxson1#.—This bigeneric hybrid is sure to become popular, and most noted collections contain at least one of this interesting genus. There is nothing difficult in connection with their cultivation, provided the compost is kept in a sweet condition, and the plants are not exposed to a lot of sunshine. The Intermediate house should be chosen for this Oncidioda, especially during the winter months, and any repotting can be done when the new growth is two inches or so in length. NEOBENTHAMIA GRACILIS.—If this graceful Orchid has produced any top growths they may be removed and placed in pots, if it is desired to imcrease the stock. Many of the Epidendrums can also be increased in this way. With stock plants basal growth should be encouraged and not the top shoots, unless for propagating purposes. a sghaadesatia MASDEVALLIA cuRTIPES.—A small Brazilian Masdevallia has flowered with Messrs, Sander & Sons, St. Albans, which proves on comparison to be Masdevallia curtipes, Rodr. (Gen. et Sp. Orch. nov., ii. p. 95), an ally of M. infracta, Lindl., differing in having very short scapes, about one-third as long as the leaves. When figured a few years ago from M. Barbosa Rodrigues’ original drawing (Woolw. Monogr. Masdev. p. 109, t. 42), it vas Said not to be in cultivation. The species was originally discovered by M. Barbosa Rodrigues in the damp forests of Rodeio, a few miles north of Ode Janeiro, in 1879.—R.A.R. 238 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AucusT, 1914. Recess OBITUARY. Aaa HE RIGHT HON. JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN, M.P.—A dis. tinguished Orchidist passed away at his London residence, 40, Prince’s Gardens, on Thursday, July 2nd, in the person of the Right Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., within six days of completing his 78th year. To the public Mr. Chamberlain was best known as a strenuous politician, and his public career and distinguished service to the State and to his native town of Birmingham have been dealt with very fully in the columns of the press. But even here his love of Orchids has been prominently alluded to. For many years, we have been told, Mr. Chamberlain was never seen in public without an Orchid in his buttonhole, grown in his own Orchid house at Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham, and when in London two buttonholes were sent up for his use every day. This habit of Mr. Chamberlain was one of the joys of the cartoonist, and although some of his creations would scarcely stand the scrutiny of @ Reichenbach, they have doubtless helped to popularise a flower with which Mr. Chamberlain's name will always be inseparably connected. Mr. Chamberlain was a great lover of Orchids, and his collection at Highbury, Birmingham, was long one of the most famous in the Midlands. As early as 1881 Reichenbach alluded to him as a great amateur of Orchids, and named the handsome Cattleya Chamberlainiana, a hybrid between C. Leopoldii and C. Dowiana, in his honour. An account of the Highbury collection was given at pp. 107-110 of our first volume, when it was remarked that thirteen houses were devoted to Orchids, these, with some others, and a lofty conservatory, being connected by a Corridor, and the whole so arranged that any of them could be visited without going into the open air, and the principal ones fitted with electric light. (Illustrations were also given in our third volume of the Cattleya House at Highbury (p- 233» fig. 9), and the Show Houseat Highbury (p. 241, fig. 10), anda later account of the collection will be found at pp. 331-333 of our sixth volume). Mr. Chamberlain was a collector of choice varieties of the more gt species, and had an intimate knowledge of the history of individu specimens and of the details of their culture. Cattleyas and Lalias, Dendrobiums, Odontoglossums, Phalznopses, and Masdevallias were among his favourites, and the two latter had houses to themselves, and were i thriving condition. Cypripediums, however, found little favour, and only \g few of the brighter species were grown. As hybrids increased in popularity a good many interesting things were added and some raised in the ner among those which we recall being Masdevallia Shuttryana vat. ei ee lainii, Leeliocattleya highburiensis, and Dendrobium Andromeda 19 1890 AucusT, 1914] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23) Dendrobium Burberryanum in 1897; the beautiful Sophrocattleya Chamber- lainii in 1898; Brassocattleya Mariz and Dendrobium Achilles in 1902; and Dendrobium Ariel and Brassolzlia Rolfei in 1903—the latter named by Mr. Chamberlain in compliment to the Editor of this journal ‘‘ and as a tribute to what he is doing for Orchidology.” Mr. Chamberlain was always a warm friend of the Orchid Review, and many interesting things have been forwarded from his collection, the last that we remember being two hybrid Leliocattleyas recorded at pp. 347, 348 of our eighteenth volume. He was also a contributor, and his articles on the Nomenclature of Hybrids at pp. 133-135 and 359 of our fourth volume show that he was a close observer, and had a lively appreciation of the necessities of the case. Mr. Chamberlain’s love of Orchids was deep and enduring. A bouquet of Transvaal Orchids was one of the most appreciated of many presentations to him on his visit to South Africa, and living plants of Ansellia gigantea was one of the souvenirs brought home on his return. His hobby was a solace from the cares of public life, and remained with him to the end. His name is indissolubly connected with Orchidology, for besides plants mentioned above we recall Lzlia anceps Chamberlainiana and Cypripedium Chamberlainianum as having been named in his honour, though he rather regretted the latter on the ground that he was not much interested in Cypripediums. It may be added that Mr. Chamberlain was for many years, and until his death, a Vice-President of the Royal Horticultural Society. ———>0<-—_—_ i STANHOPEA GUTTULATA.—An interesting Stanhopea, which was bought from the collection of the late Mrs. Brandt, of Zurich, has been sent for determination by Herr Siebert, Director of the Palmengarten, Frankfurt. It proves to be S. guttulata, Lindl., one of the lesser known species and an ally of S. oculata. It was described by Lindley in 1843 (Bot. Reg., xix. Misc. p. 75) from a single flower received from the collection of J, H. Wanklyn, Esq., of Crampwell- House, but nothing was stated about its Origin. A few years later it was figured (Gard. Chreon., 1848, p- 439), but nothing further was added to its history. In 1852, however, another figure appeared (Lem. Jard. Fleur., iii. t. 309), from a plant said to have been imported from Brazil by M. de Jonghe. It has also another name, for in 1846 it was figured as S. gravolens (Ann. de Gand, ii. t. 54); but it is hot Lindley’s plant of that name. The elongated hypochil of the lip Indicates a near affinity with the Mexican S. oculata, Lindl., but it is readily distinguished by its darker colour, and by the flower being heavily spotted with dark purple brown throughout. It is rarely met with in cultivation. There are several other imperfectly known species of this remarkable S€0us.—R.A.R, 240 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AucusT, 1914, C. WARSCEWICZII FRAU MELANIE BEYRODT. Be 2 HIS very distinct and beautiful variety of Cattleya Warscewicaii appeared in the establishment of Herr Otto Beyrodt, Marienfelde, Berlin, and received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S. in July, rgog, when exhibited at the Holland House Show. The sepals and petals are pure white, also the lower part of the lip, but the front lobe is bright Fig, 27... CATTLEYA WaARSCEWICzZII FRAU MELANIE BEYRODT, the side lobes af he lip- It has shment purple-crimson, this colour extending to the apex of few irregular blotches, leaving a clear white margin right round t The usual eye-like blotches in the throat are also nearly white. since been propagated, and the plant here figured is one in the establi of Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex. AucusT, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 241 ip. ODONTONIA. CHARLESWORTHII. *VERY brilliant hybrid was exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, at the R.H.S. meeting held on July r4th, under the name of Odontonia Charlesworthii, which is here illustrated from a : I — ——EEE Fig. 28. ODONTONIA CHARLESWORTHII. Photograph kindly sent by the exhibitors. It was obtained by crossing Odontoglossum Uroskinneri with the pollen of Miltonia vexillaria, the Fesult being a hybrid of good size and shape and of great brilliancy of Colouring. The plant is most like the Odontoglossum parent in general 242 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGusT, 1914 character, but shows some of the glaucous tint of the Miltonia, and the scape is erect and at present four-flowered. The flowers are well expanded, and the broad lip and short column recall the Miltonia parent, but they are of thicker substance; generally they may be described as intermediate. Their shape and markings are well shown in the figure. The colour of the sepals and petals may be described as red-purple, with a little of the greenish white ground colour of the Odontoglossum parent remaining. The limb of the ample lip is brilliant rose-purple, with a zone of much darker colour round the yellow crest, the margin of the side lobes being whitish. It has obviously not yet reached its full development, and Messrs. Charlesworth must be congratulated on their brilliant acquisition, which was unanimously awarded a First-class Certificate. (es | SOCIETIES. \s RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. Cx Great Summer Show of the Royal Horticultural Society was held at Holland House, Kensington, on June 30th and two following days, and owing to the lateness of the date we were only able to give an account of the Certificated Orchids and the Official List of Awards in our July issue. We now add details of the different groups. The weather was remarkably bright and hot, causing considerable discomfort in the tents, but the Orchids suffered less than many other subjects, and made 4 magnificent display. There was a large attendance, and among the early visitors were Queen Alexandra and the Dowager Empress Marie of Russia. Orchid Committee present: Sir Harry J. Veitch (in the Chair), Messts: J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), S. W. Flory, W. H. Hatcher, F. Peeters, A. Dye J. E. Shill, J. Cypher, W. Cobb, R. G. Thwaites, A. McBean, H. 6 Alexander, Stuart H. Low, Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., E. Ashworth, G. F. Moore, W. P. Bound, R. A. Rolfe, Gurney Wilson, R- Brooman White, W. H. White, F. Sander, W. Bolton, J. Wilson Potter, F. J. Hanbury, and Clive Cookson. Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park (gr. Mr. Collier), staged 4 magnificent group, containing well-grown examples of — Warscewiczii, Warneri, Gaskelliana, and Murrayi, some fine cattleyas, in which L.-c. Canhamiana alba and L.-c. Phoebe "i Colmaniz were conspicuous, with a hybrid from L.-c. Phoebe x a tenebrosa, having yellow flowers with purple veining on the lip, we brilliant Odontioda Bradshawiz, Charlesworthii and Papilio, the latte ad two quite diverse forms, well-grown Miltonia vexillaria alba, Cobbiana, a others, M. Bleuana with nine spikes, some good Odontoglossum ne &c., the higher part being made up of O. Thompsonianum and other } AuGusT, 1914.] THE. ORCHID REVIEW: 243 Edwardii hybrids, Epidendrum Boundii and O’Brienianum, Oncidium pulvinatum, Thunia Marshalliana, &c. We also noted the brilliant Anguloa Cliftonii, Cirrhopetalum pulchrum, a nice little .cluster of Cochlioda Neetzliana, Nanodes Medusz, Gongora quinquenervis, Aérides odoratum album, the blue Dendrobium Victoria-Reginz, Masdevallia calura, the rare Chondrorhyncha Lendyana, Pescatorea cerina, Physosiphon Loddigesii, Brassia longissima, Cypripedium callosum Sanderz, and other interesting things, the whole being well-grown and very beautifully arranged with light foliage plants. Lt.-Col. Sir George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., Westonbirt (gr. Mr. Alexander), staged a fine group of beautifully-grown specimens, particularly noteworthy being about thirty well-bloomed Cattleya Warscewiczii, including the pure white C. W. alba Firmin Lambeau, four good C. Dupreana, C. Herode, the brilliant Lzliocattleya Lustre, L.-c. Corncrake (L. Gwennie X C. Mossie Reineckeana), Brassocattleya Euterpe and Hyez, four plants of the brilliant Sophrocatlelia lata, Anguloa Cliftonii, Aérides odoratum, Vanda teres, some good Miltonia vexillaria and Odontoglossums, with Renanthera Imschootiana, Thunia Marshalliana and others at the back. Each specimen stood out distinctly on a background of green, and formed a most attractive display. W. Waters Butler, Esq., Southfield, Edgbaston (gr. Mr. Jones), sent a beautiful example of Cattleya Clymene (Warscewiczii x Rex) with a five- flowered spike, and the fine C. Warscewiczii Southfield var. J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent a good specimen of Lzliocattleya Canhamiana alba. H. Dundee Hooper, Esq., Ardvar, Torquay, sent a good plant of Odontoglossum coronarium, bearing a fine spike of flowers. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a magnificent group, which was elegantly arranged with a central bank and two others at each side, the latter consisting largely of masses of the handsome Cattleya Warscewiczii Sanderiana, Leliocattleya Canhamiana, and others. The Centre consisted of an elevated stand of Miltonia vexillaria, with masses of Dendrobium Sandere and D. Dearei, beneath, while in front and in the lower parts of the group was a brilliant series of showy and interesting things, especially noteworthy being a set of home-raised Miltonias and Odontoglossums, the delicately-coloured Aérides Houl- letianum Sanderz, with two racemes, Dendrobium regium, Leliocattleya brugensis (Martinetii x luminosa), a very richly-coloured hybrid, L.-c. Gottoiana Imperator, a series of Odontioda Bradshawie, rosefieldiensis and Charlesworthii, the pretty white and green Ornithocephalus grandiflorus, Bulbophyllum Lobbii, Anguloa Cliftonii, Ruckeri, and Clowesii, a brilliant Jot of Cattleya Mossi, and others, among which C. M. 244 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [AuGust, 114. Reineckeana Enchantress was particularly charming, Grammangis Ellisii, Odontonia St.-Alban, the graceful Uropedium Lindenii, Odontoglossum Williamsianum, a very dark green Liparis, and a lot of interesting botanical things too numerous to mention. Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, staged a particularly fine and effective group of well-grown plants, the numerous Lzeliocattleyas including Canhamiana, Aphrodite, Violetta, Rubens, Medina, callistoglossa, and Gladiator, making a very brilliant display. L.-c. Sunset (Lc. Pallas xX C. Schroedere), a charming pink hybrid, with a very large orange-coloured throat to the lip, surrounded by a whitish zone, Lc. Constance (C. Mossiz X L.-c. bletchleyensis), and an excellent L.-c. Canhamiana alba with two spikes of four flowers each were also note: worthy. On either side of the central bank was arranged clumps of about twenty finely-grown plants of Disa Luna—the best spike bearing as many as eleven flowers—forming an imposing effect. We also noted the brilliant D. grandiflora, a few Cattleya Mossiz and vars. Wageneri and Reineckeana Odontioda Bradshawiz, Zephyr, and Wilsonii, and a clump of Ancectochili, including several Ceylon species—a brilliant and artistically arranged group: Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a large and excellent group, to which two raised stands of Phalaenopsis amabilis and Renanthera Imschootiana intermixed gave an air of distinction. At the back were some fine examples of Dendrobium Dalhousieanum and Deareh Cyrtopodium punctatum, Vanda teres, Oncidium serratum, sarcodes, and others, while the body of the group was made up of a brilliant lot of Cattleya Warscewiczii, C. Mossi, C. M. Wageneri, Leliocattleya Canham iana, Aphrodite, and Martinetii, a batch of the charming onciti pulchellum, some fine Odontoglossums and Odontiodas, Cypripedium Gowerl magnificum, Broughtonia sanguinea, Masdevallia me Cryptochilus sanguineus, the charming little Promenza xanthina, 4 various other interesting botanical species. ae Messrs. Mansell & Hatcher, Rawdon, E. Yorks, staged a brilias group, in which fine examples of Leliocattleya Martinetil, Canbanit and Aphrodite, with many brilliant Cattleya Mossie, Warscewic7i' " Mendelii were a leading feature. C. Enchantress (intermedia alba chocoensis alba) is a pleasing white hybrid. There were some & a Phalznopsis amabilis in the centre, and a fine example of Aérides vege with eight spikes, other noteworthy things being good specimens of eo Deppei and aromatica, the graceful Dendrochilum filiforme, Sarcop ae acuminatum, Trichopilia Backhouseana, Brassavola fragrans, Onc! iat pulchellum, some good Odontoglossums, Epidendrum aromaticum, pe good Miltonia vexillaria, M. Sander var. Bantingiana (Stam vexillaria G. D. Owen), a pretty rosy form with a crimson radiating > AucusT, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 245 on the lip, a batch of seedling M. Bleuana producing their first flowers, Promenza xanthina, Cryptochilus sanguineus, Odontioda Charlesworthii, and Cupid, Anguloa uniflora, Pleurothallis saurocephala, and a fine batch of the Ancectochilus group, including A. Roxburghii, Dossinia marmorata, Macodes Petola, Goodyera pubescens, and others. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a small group of choice Orchids, every plant a well-grown specimen, and we noted excellent examples of Oncidioda Charlesworthii with four large panicles of rosy flowers, Epidendrum vitellinum with ten spikes, a strong Odontoglossum spectabile with three spikes of 18, 17, and 16 flowers, O. armainvillierense xanthotes, O. Aiglon majesticum with enormous, heavily blotched flowers, O. eximium, Miltonia vexillaria Queen Alexandra, Dendrobium Dearei, and M. Isabel-Sander (Hyeana X Roezlii), Aérides odoratum album, Oncidium macranthum, Odontioda Charlesworthii, Madeline, and Lutetia, Brassavola Digbyana, Lzliocattleya Canhamiana alba, L.-c. Cowanii Yellow Prince, yellow with a ruby lip, L.-c. Gottoiana grandis, &c. The group formed an excellent example of good culture and was much admired. Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Twyford, Berks, showed a fine group, the centre consisting of some good Cattleya Mendelii, C. Warscewiczli, C. W. Frau Melanie Beyrodt, and others, while at the ends were stands of Renanthera Imschootiana and Phalnopsis amabilis. We noted some good Leeliocattleya bletchleyensis, Cattleya Harrisoniana, C. Mossiz Wageneri, a dark-coloured hybrid between C. Vulcan and C. Dowiana aurea, Odontioda Thwaitesii Purple Emperor, a richly-coloured form, Odontoglossum eximium, O. Aireworth Orchid Dene var., a richly-blotched form, Sophrocattleya Saxa Orchid Dene var., and a brilliantly-coloured hybrid from Sophronitis grandiflora and Cattleya granulosa, in which the deeply-cut lip of the latter was very conspicuous. Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, Sussex, staged a good group, including a number of Cattleya Mossie, C. Warscewiczil, Mendelii, and citrina, Miltonia vexillaria, two good examples of the beautiful M. Phalznopsis, Leliocattleya Aphrodite and Canhamiana, Vanda coerulea, Renanthera Imschootiana, Brassavola Digbyana, Odontoglossum Pescatorei, and others. Mr. H. Dixon, Wandsworth Common, staged an interesting group, Containing some good Cattleya Warscewiczii and C. Mossiz Wageneri, Leliocattleya Cowanii and Martinetii, Bulbophyllum Lobbii, Cypripedium callosum Sanderz, a nice cluster of Cochlioda Neetzliana, Odontoglossum €xcellens, concinnum, and others, Odontioda Wilsonii, O. Diana, and two very diverse secondary hybrid Odontiodas of unknown parentage from the Same capsule. Messrs, Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged a small group of Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, Odontoglossums, and Masdevallias. 246 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ' [Aucust, 1914 At the meeting held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on July 14th, the exhibits were not numerous, though quite up to the average for the season, and the occasion was marked by the appearance of a splendid new Odontonia from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., in which the qualities of Odontoglossum Uroskinneri and Miltonia vexillaria are combined. There were several other interesting exhibits, and the awards consisted of two medals, three First-class Certificates, one Award of Merit, and two Cultural Commendations. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, W. H. White, E. H. Davidson, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, W. Cobb, T. Armstrong, C. H. Curtis, R. A. Rolfe, C. J. Lucas, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. E. R. Ashton, Esq., Broadlands, Tunbridge Wells, showed Sophro- catlzlia Sibyl, having bronzy orange sepals and petals, and a ruby lip, and Odontioda Hemptinneana Broadlands var., prettily blotched with orange red on a pale ground, and the margins of the segments rose. H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day), sent an Odonto- glossum -much resembling O. amabile in character, and having many small purple dots on the centre of the segments. F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth), sent Odontoglossum Uroanthum (Kegeljanii x Uroskinneri), having greenish yellow sepals and petals, barred and blotched with chocolate brown, and the lip white, with a large purple basal blotch and several smaller spots in front. £ Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a good group 0 Orchids, including some fine Cattleya Warscewiczii, C. Gaskelliana ae C. Harrisoniana, C. Mossiz Reineckeana, and C. Rex, examples © Oncidium macranthum and sarcodes, Vanda teres, Anguloa Clowes? Bulbophyllum Lobbii, Epidendrum nemorale, Odontoglossum Williams ianum, Rhynchostylis retusa, Dendrobium pulchellum and mer Phalenopsis amabilis, Odontioda Charlesworthii, and others (Silv Banksian Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged an interesting gtOUP including the handsome Ccelogyne Mooreana and C. sulphurea, Lbs. Parishii, Dendrobium Sandere, hercoglossum, and regium, Se tigrina, Masdevallia elephanticeps, simula, and calura, Anguloa on Ancistrochilus Thomsonianus, Nanodes Meduse, Physosiphon Loddig fe Listrostachys O’Brieniana, Bulbophyllum densiflorum, Era a ai Eulophia Ledienii, and a few good Cattleyas, Lzliocattleyas, Cyprip and Odontoglossums (Silver Banksian Medal). 11 grouPr Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, staged a sma gr Avcust, 1914.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 247 including three home-raised Disa grandiflora, a good plant of Sarcopodium acuminatum, Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, and four plants of a nearly allied form with pale yellow throat to the lip and a flush of lilac in front. Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, staged a pretty little group, including fine examples of Dendrobium Sandere and Dearei, Lzliocattleya Aphrodite, two. good Odontioda Charlesworthii, a fine O. Thwaitesii, and O. Vuylstekeze, Odontoglossum Hyeanum (Harryanum x luteopurpureum), a fine seedling O. crispum, and others. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA Rev. W. WIvks (vexillaria gigantea X v. Queen Alexandra).—A form with immense flowers, the lip measuring over three inches across, and the colour pale lilac, with a few red lines round the yellow disc, while the sepals and petals are relatively broad, and darker in colour, with a slight purple flush towards the base. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis). ODONTOGLOSSUM PERCULTUM KiNG GEORGE (Rolfee X armain- villierense).—A very large and handsome form, bearing a spike of twelve finely-shaped flowers with a broad zone of violet-purple blotches. It has- much improved since it received an Award of Merit two years ago. Exhibited by F. Monteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford. ODonToNIA CHARLESWORTHII (see page 241, fig. 28). AWARD OF MERIT. BRASSOCATTLEYA ILENE (B.-c. Maronize x C. Dowiana).—A handsome hybrid, bearing two large lilac-rose flowers, with a darker lip, and having a- zone of purple lines round the deep yellow throat. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill). CULTURAL COMMENDATIONS. ; CaTTLEYA Warscewiczil.—To Mr. J. Davis, gardener to J. Gurney” Fowler, Esq., for a splendidly-grown specimen, bearing six spikes and an aggregate of twenty-three richly-coloured flowers. ODonTocLossuM PEscATOREI.—To Mr. W. H. White, gr. to Elizabeth, Lady Lawrence, Burford, for a finely-grown specimen bearing five graceful. panicles of flowers. ae At the meeting held on July 28th there was a rather small display of Orchids, including several choice things, among them the handsome Oncidium Leopoldianum, which has at last flowered in cultivation, and the awards consisted of two medals and four Awards of Merit. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), and Messrs, J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, R. G. Thwaites, A. McBean, T. Armstrong, J. E. Shill, W. H. Hatcher, A. Dye, - H. Davidson, C. H. Curtis, S. W. Flory, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. 248 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucusr, 1914, His Grace the Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock (gr. Mr. Hunter), showed Cypripedium Lawrebel Blenheim var., and Vanda -coerulea Grace, the latter bearing a fine spike of thirteen flowers. J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent Leliocattleya Maqueda Brackenhurst var., a richly-coloured form. R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington), ‘sent Odontioda Isis (Odm. Rolfe x C.vulcanica), and O. Stella (Odm. percultum xX C. vulcanica). E. F. Clark, Esq., Evershot, Dorset, sent flowers of a fine form of ‘Cattleya Warscewiczii Sanderiana and two Lzeliocattleyas. Messrs. Charlesworth and Co., Haywards Heath, staged a group of -choice things, including the new Brassocattleya Dora (B. cucullata X C. Mossiz Wageneri), with fragrant white flowers, some good Miltonia vexillaria, a fine specimen of Odontoglossum Rolfeze bearing a panicle with ten branches, and producing a very graceful effect, good specimens of 0. armainvillierense and its var. xanthotes, O. coronarium, and other good - things (Silver Flora Medal). » Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a very interesting group, including Oncidium Sandere, Ceelogyne asperata, Acineta Humboldtii, Dendrobium Sandere, Brassia caudata and Forgetiana, Cirrhopetalum :pulchrum, Bulbophyllum patens, Lycaste Tunstillii punctatum, Masdevallia elephanticeps, and other good. things (Silver Flora Medal). Mr. C. F. Waters, Balcombe, sent a good rose-coloured Brassocattleya of unrecorded parentage. AWARDS OF MERIT. CATTLEYA AsTRON (C. Harrisoniana alba x Dusseldorfii Undine).—A promising hybrid, flowering for the first time, and bearing a single pure ‘white flower, with a sulphur yellow disc to the lip. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Shill). CaTTLEYA HARDYANA RUBENS.—A richly-coloured form, having bright Tose-purple sepals and petals, and a ruby-crimson lip, margined with lilac, and with much yellow in the throat. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Bruckenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis). L2LIocaTTLEYA Miss Louisa FOowLeER (L.-c. callistoglossa X be granulosa). — A fine hybrid, bearing a_ spike of six flowers, with lilac-pink sepals and petals, and a deeply three-lobed lip, with @ dark purple front lobe and some yellow at the base. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Oncip1Ium LEoPoLDIANUM (Rolfe).—A handsome species, allied to G corynephorum, but differing in having a deltoid, not broadly rounded hip: It bore a twining panicle of 45 blooms, the sepals and petals being whitish, freckled with rose, and the lip violet in front, margined with white, and Aucust, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 249 the crest bright yellow. Exhibited by H. S. Goodson, Esq., Fairlawn, Putney (gr. Mr. Day). ee amt a veh? MANCHESTER & NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Thursday, June 18th, the members of Committee present were: Z. A. Ward, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). A Large Silver-gilt Medal was awarded to Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), for an excellent group of Miltonias and Cattleyas, the varieties of C. Mossie being very beautiful. Silver-gilt Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq,, Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), for a fine mixed group, and to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), for a group chiefly composed of choice Odontoglossums. A Large Silver Medal was awarded to Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, London, for a fine group of Cattleyas, Leliocattleyas, Miltonias, and Odontoglossums. Interesting exhibits were staged by H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Morgan); A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. Findlow) ; Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford,.and Mr. W. Shackleton, Highfield, Bradford. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. _ Leliocattleya Cicely (L. Latona X C. Mossiz) and Odontioda Brewii Rann Lea var., a large flower of good shape, with distinct lip, both from H. J. Bromilow, Esq. Odontoglossum eximium var. Excelsior, a round flower of solid purple colour, with light edging, and O. Dorothy Arkle, a large flower with brilliant markings, both from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Odontoglossum Jane Leggatt, a large flower of good shape and substance, from A, J. Oakshott, Esq. Miltonia Charlesworthii Beardwood var. the best of the type seen in the North, from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P. AWARDS OF MERIT. Leliocattleya Fascinator var. Samson, L.-c. Martinetii var. Ruby, Odontoglossum Waterloo, Cypripedium Greyii Ashlands var. (niveum X Godefroyz), all from R. Ashworth, Esq. Odontoglossum Peacock and O. Christopher Guest, both from Wm Thompson, Esq. : Brassocattleya Endymion and Cattleya Mossiz splendens, both from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P. 250 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucust, r9r4, Odontoglossum crispum Catherine Oakshott, from A. J. Oakshott, Esq. Leliocattleya Canhamiana Rex Hassall’s var., from Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate. At the meeting held on July 16th, the members of Committee present were :—Z. A. Ward, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, Hae Bolton, A. G. Ellwood, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, and H. Arthur (Secretary). Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden); Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), and Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Howes), for fine miscellaneous groups. Interesting exhibits were staged by O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers) ; Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Highfield, Bradford. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. Odontioda Brewii Merle Dene var., a very fine flower, with light purple lip and dark spotting, from A. J. Oakshott, Esq., Bidston (gr. Mr. Findlow). AWARDS OF MERIT. Cattleya gigas Walton Giant, Odontoglossum eximium purpurascens, and O. Mrs. A. E. Thompson, all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Cattleya gigas coloratum, from R. Ashworth, Esq. CULTURAL CERTIFICATES AND BRONZE MEDALS. Mr. E. Rogers (gr. to O. O. Wrigley, Esq.), for Anguloa Ruckerian@ Sanguinea and Lycaste tricolor albens, the latter a plant in a 44 inch pot bearing 32 flowers. Mr. J. Howes (gr. to Wm. Thompson, Esq.) for Cattleya gigas Walton Giant. | THE AMATEUR'S COLLECTION. es By C. ALWYN HARRISON. ‘Shige general treatment required by the inmates of the Cattleya house this month will not differ to any great extent from that advised for July, with perhaps, however, the admission of more air, and especially a night, as a cool evening’s rest after the fierce heat of the day will be font very beneficial. It is astonishing how largely the conditions of the “4 of this and the following month affect winter-flowering Orchids, = Cattleyas in particular. If brilliant sunshine is experienced our plants wr flower with great profusion, and bear blossoms of rich coloration, but if a Summer proves cloudy and rainy the plants will not produce ee AvucusT, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 258 satisfactory flowering results, owing to the lack of sun to enable them to ripen their bulbs to their fullest extent. | Such Cattleyas as labiata, Octave Doin, Raphaeliez, Rothschildiana, Iris, Venus, Rhoda, and others, will now be completing their growths, and throwing up flower trusses at the base of the sheaths. Give them a light and airy position, and reduce their supply of water until the blooms are well advanced. Vanda ccerulea will now be in spike, and should receive plentiful supplies of water, and be well exposed to the light, and, if so treated, the flowers will be of good size and rich in colour, enabling their beautiful qualities to be brought out to perfection. Odontoglossum grande will now be coming away very well, and needs abundance of water, a good dose daily being usually required. Weak liquid cow manure water may be given twice a week if the grower desires, and some successful cultivators strongly advocate its employment, though personally I have not observed much benefit from its use. The autumn-flowering variety of Epidendrum vitellinum is now fully grown and throwing up its spikes of brilliant scarlet blossoms, which wilik keep eight weeks or more in perfection. These flower spikes should be carefully tied to neat sticks, and a sharp look out kept for slugs, which show much partiality for these and also for the succulent roots. Any Stanhopeas which have finished flowering may receive fresh rooting material, and, if needing more room, should be placed in larger baskets. Do not place any crocks in the bottom of the baskets, as these Orchids push their flower scapes down and from the bottom of the baskets. For compost use a mixture of osmunda fibre and sphagnum moss, and keep them damp and syringe overhead frequently. These handsome and curiously-formed Orchids thoroughly merit a place in every Cattleya house, and since the ideal position for them is to suspend them from the roof, many can be thus accommodated, even in a house of small dimensions. Among the best known are S. eburnea, oculata, Wardii, and tigrina. | SPOT ON VANDA CCRULEA. ier | SEND two leaves of Vanda coerulea, hoping to receive your opinion about the minute spots which appear on the under surface of the leaves. and which turn black after some time. When these minute spots first @ppeared, I thought they were caused by thrips or red spider, but this is unlikely, for I could not discover these pests. Is it not of fungous nature, a fungus which penetrates by the stomata and thrives under certain Conditions which prevail in the house ?- It is very curious to note that the young leaves which are developing are not touched. The lower leaves, and 252 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Aucusr, 1914. those of last season only, are showing these minute spots (and it is to be noted that old leaves of imported plants have the same spots). I cannot admit that the insecticides used—XL All and Phytophyline—could be responsible for the damage, as the young leaves show nothing! As I have a house of 1500 plants of this Vanda I am very alarmed, and I ask you kindly to give me your advice about these spots. If it is of fungous nature what remedy do you suggest ?. In common with everybody having Vanda in cultivation, I have, in small degree, what is termed black spot at the apex ofthe leaves. Would the minute spots be of the same nature? Bois de Breux, Liége. _ CHARLES SLADDEN. The leaves sent have been submitted to microscopical examination, but, as in previous cases, no fungus mycelium can be detected. Weare inclined to think that the minute discoloured spots are only the earlier stages of what is know as Black Spot, and that both are due to the same cause, which may have been a chill caused by drip from the roof in cold weather. The immunity of the young leaves suggests that the cause has ceased for the time being, but these may also be affected when the cold season arrives, unless the cause can be prevented. Some years ago the Spot Disease of Orchids was worked out by Mr. G. Massee, of Kew, and a summary of his conclusions and experiments wat given in these pages (iv. pp. Ig-20). In two cases he succeeded In producing the disease artificially. It first appears in the form of minute pale spots on the upper surface of the leaf, sometimes few and scattered, at others more numerous. At first they are not conspicuous, and likely to escape observation unless specially looked for, but they soon assume a pale brown colour, and gradually increase in size, sometimes becoming confluent. The tissues are completely disorganised, and, owing to the collapse of diseased cells beneath the epidermis, the surface of the i becomes somewhat depressed. Mr. Massee concludes that the diseasé known as “spot” is of non-parasitic origin, the initial cause being the presence of minute drops of water on the surface of the leaves at a time when the temperature is exceptionally low and the roots copiously supplied with water. The effect of the chill produced by the drops of water 7 the above conditions is to cause disorganisation of the cells of the = underlying the drops, and the disappearance of the chlorophyll, which : followed by the precipitation of tannin and other substances, os globular sphere in each cell, and eventually the complete disintegration © the cells. It is mainly caused by the three following conditions: (1) me high a temperature ; (2) too much water and not sufficient air in cr with the roots, and (3) watering or spraying with a falling instead rising temperature.—Ep. O.R. Aucust, 1914.| THE ORCHID . REVIEW. 253. igre CYPRIPEDIUM PHILIPPINENSE Ae ‘ieee annexed figure represents the inflorescence of Cypripedium philippinense, from the collection of E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, which was described at page 223, and is reproduced from Fig 29. CyYPRIPEDIUM PHILIPPINENSE. : Photograph kindly sent by Mr. Ashworth, together with a second one showing the entire plant on a much reduced scale. As already remarked. this plant was purchased at the Howick House Sale about twenty years 4go under the name of C. Reebelenii, which, however, is now generally 254 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Avcust, 1914 regarded as a form of C. philippinense. C. Roebelenii was described in 1883 by Reichenbach (Gard. Chron., 1883, ii. p. 684), from materials received from Consul Kienast Zolly, which had been sent from the Philippines by C. Rébelen. Reichenbach then indicated a doubt about its distinctness, but rather relied upon the yellow lip without any green veinings as a distinguishing character. C. philippinense was described twenty-one years earlier from dried specimens (Rchb. f. in Bonplandia, 1862, p. 335), but the author does not state how he obtained them. Three years later, C. levigatum, Batem., was figured and described in the Botanical Magazine {t. 5508), from a plant which flowered with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, but this was soon pointed out as synonymous with C. philip- pinense, and it is probable that Bateman overlooked the earlier description. It appears that the species was discovered by the late Mr. John Gould Veitch, who went to the Philippines to obtain Vanda Batemanii. After long search, and when almost driven to despair at his non-success, he found the plant, and with it this Cypripedium growing on its roots. C. philippinense is a striking species, with long, spirally-twisted, red-purple petals, a cream-coloured dorsal sepal, lined with purple, and a bright yellow lip with some green veinings. Mr. Ashworth remarks that it is 4 most charming flower. It isa Warm house species, and thrives under the same treatment as C. Rothschildianum and its allies. (8 | CULTURE OF PHAIUS SIMULANS. [ea ll N your issue of May last, under the heading of Calendar of Operations, Mr. Briscoe says, referring to Phaius simularis ‘and P. tuberculosus: “* Where growers happen to possess a few plants it is advisable to try them in different positions, for up to the present their cultural requirements ate not fully understood. A few years after being imported they gradually deteriorate and eventually die, a fate which overtakes some other Madagascar Orchids.” I have seen Phaius simulans in Rio de Janel, growing here in the open air, planted, in common with every other speci® of flowers, on the ground, in ordinary loam, and it would be impossible to obtain better blooms and more perfectly-developed flowers, and strongef plants, than those I have seen. They flower mostly between September and October. The mean temperature of Rio is 63° F., the thermometer going down to 59° about three months every year, and going up as high as 75 during the day for about nine months. During the months of January, February, and March the heat during the day rises to about 120° Pee the sun and about go° in the shade; but these extremes never last more than a few days at a time. Avcust, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 255 I trust this indication will be of use to cultivators who may wish to discard the usual fibres, and try to cultivate Phaius in ordinary loam, well drained, and as much as possible in the open air during mild weather. Belem do Para, Brazil. J. Srmao DA CosTaA. (There is something mysterious about the behaviour of these plants. When the true P. tuberculosus was introduced it was thought that, being terrestrial, it would succeed better than P. simulans, but this has not been borne out by experience. M. Warpur, the introducer of P. tuberculosus, states that it grows in the highest part of slopes in the high forest in half dry humus, at an altitude of 1200 to 1500 feet. He recommends an intermediate temperature for it. P. simulans, he states, climbs on tree trunks, at a lower elevation, and requires more heat and moisture. It would be interesting to know if P. simulans continues to thrive under the conditions named.—Eb. O.R.] Rises | ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. |AQe oe meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during August, on the 11th and 25th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on August 13th. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the inspection of members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m. Mr. D. A. Cowan, who, during the last seven years, has represented the firm of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., of Haywards Heath, has relinquished that position on July 13th, 1914. In the future he will act in a similar capacity for Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, Sussex, with whom he has entered into partnership. ERIA PiLIFERA.—-With reference to the article on Exia pilifera, et page 171, Mr. J. J. Smith, of the Buitenzorg Botanic Garden, Java, writes from the Rijks Herbarium, Leiden: “I have much pleasure in informing you that the plant mentioned from ‘ Gojoe (Java 2)’ was collected in the Gojoe-laaden, near Atjeh, Sumatra, not by myself, but, I believe, by General Van Daalen, who sent the plant alive to Buitenzorg.” We thank Mr. Smith for the information. The reference was to 4 dried specimen Sent by him to Kew localised ‘‘ Gojoe,” and as we failed to find the locality sod wrote “(Java?)” as an inference. Atjeh is situated near the western Point of Sumatra, nearly opposite to the Malay Peninsula locality. R.A.R. 256 THE ORCHID REVIEW. \& | ORCHID PORTRAITS. ATTLEYA IRENE.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ll. pp. 13, 15, fig. 9. CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII.—Gard. Chron., 1914, 11. pp. 60, ” fig. 25. CyYPRIPEDIUM MIRUM.—Orch. World, iv. p. 230, fig. DENDROBIUM FALCONERI.—Horticulture, 1914, p. 39, fig. EPIDENDRUM ELLIsi1.—Journ. Hort., 1914, il. p. 35, fig. GoNGorRA GRossA, Rchb. f.—Bot. Mag., t. 8562. Mitronia BLEUANA HEssLE VAR.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. pp- 75, 95, fig MILTONIA. VEXILLARIA REv. W. WiLks.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. Pp» 60, 61, fig. 24; Garden, 1914, p. 380, fig. ODONTOGLOSSUM AIGLON MAJESTICUM.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ll. p- 14; fig. ODONTOGLossuM ATHELTUM.—Orch. World, iv. p. 232, fig. ODONTOGLOSSUM EXIMIUM SOLUM.— Gard. Mag., 1914, P- 539% ‘fig.; Journ. Hort., 1914, li. p. 37, fig. OpONTOGLossuM HELIvus.—Orch. World, iv. p. 231, lig. OpDONTOGLOssUM MirANDUS.—Orch. World, iv. p. 231, fig. ODONTOGLOssUM Mrs. W. THompson.—Orch. World, iv. p. 229, fig. ODONTOGLOssuUM PapiILiuM.—Orch. World, iv. p. 232, fig. ODONTONIA CHARLESWORTHIU.—Gard. Mag., 1914, Pp- 574; fig. ODONTONIA CLEVERLEYANA.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. p- 29, fig: 15: PLEIONE HooOKERIANA.—Orch. World, iv. p. 221, fig. VANILLA PomMpona.—Orch. World, iv. p. 226, fig.; Journ. Hort., 1914: il. p. 36, fig. VUYLSTEKEARA INSIGNIS.—Gard. Chron., 1914, il. pp- 14) 15, fig. 10. ZYGOPETALUM SIR TREVOR VAR. BREWw1I.—Orch. World, iv. P, 227 fig. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. {Orchids are named and questions answered here as far as posstble. Corvesponden™ ee requestid to give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard mus Ae sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of sé interest will be dealt with in the body of the work]. eans of E.W.—Shading and abundant moisture on the floors and stages are effici ent eed the ary keeping the temperature down during hot weather, and correct to some exten atmosphere caused by too abundant ventilation. .R.S.—The plants are Ceelogyne flavida, Oncidium uniflorum, and the re believe, Ancectochilus sikkimensis. The note is unavoidabiy left over until next mon J.C.—The tinge of pale lilac in the lip shows thkt the flower is not an albino. H.G.—Unavoidably postponed until next month. Received.—J.S.C., P.P., C.S., H.R.S., N.G., A. McB., J.5 aes 7R > — ee nis VoL. XXII. SEPTEMBER, 1914. No. 261.° \4 Mle hiiiidlei, “UUM ESHA GAA AAA AA AAAS AAMAS REVIEW Edited by R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. CONTENTS: PAGE PAGE Amateur’s Collection .. ase -285 | Novelties sa 2 Angreecums in Madagascar oon ae @aeasuail Magali- Sander var An to Correspondents 288 nthot _.. 286 Bulbophyllum vitiense 272 | Oncidium ten He vie ica 269 or sna of eee page for September 275 | Orchid Notes go" News ae ow SOE Cat alalogue, An old 279 | Orchid Portraits "a at Se! ee Ely 261 | Orchids at Kew 90 os vee 286 amid Sybil and its varieties ses 265 Our Note Book a et oa Oa D : » The ing of .-. 262 | Rhynchostylis guttata re on Ser Dendrobium Pa oilio 2 | Rhynchostylis retusa . : w+ 282 pidendrum ORaesisnom true from Epidendrum pentotis oe Series -— ILLUSTRATIONS. Eria sonkaris ne ae _.. 263 | Angraecum sesquipedale cae Grammangis Wi eS aes Comenn Sybil aad a Varies 365 Ha - hoa gga oe i _.. 278 | Cycnoches densiflorum ik oe ein .. ., su wee Cee 273 Manurial : aid for Orchids... ... 264 | Rhynchostylis guttata nee w+ 281 FRANK LESLIE & Co., 12, LAWN CRESCENT, London Agents : MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47; Paternoster Row, E.C. PRICE SIxPENCE MONTHLY. Post FREE, 7/- PER ANNUM ne ; at [All rights reserved.) e \ —~-4 _ OO eae aE ge teil he EES NOTICES The ORCHID REVIEW is published reguiarly at the weit of each month, ees ie bres Annual Subscription, post free, 7/-, payable in adva s I. to XXI. can be supplied unbound at 6/-, or bone in cloth, 7/6, postage i se of postage: book post, gd. per volume; parcel post within the United Kingdom only, 5d. per single volume (series by weight). Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free throughout the postal union, The ORCHID STUD-BOOK. By R. A. Rolfe and C. C. Hurst, By Parcel Post, 7/1t. 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LATH ROLLER BLINDS | fe BLINDS BEL‘ W VENTILATORS. of the 4s Supplied by us to the Royal Gardens, Kew, Botanic Gardens, Dublin, and most ‘ leading Orchia Growers and other oo ae hese Blin‘is are fitted with the laths dcp ites _ ridge, also be ral or with the rafters, as requir They can age in gas upon neat strong iron runners ac co0l current of air i oe ene the glass, thus increasing their eff ng the house enc. dire-t 1ayS These Blinds are practically = gee wal act as a pro’ection against frost : admit light while excluding sun's Gir rabid maintaining temperature at night and in winter. Representatives are sent to ony opel of the country to take particulars, and estimates submitted. HORTICULTURAL SHADINGS, SCRIMS, _TIFFBRY. and Best French P PINOLEU | BLINDS i1 several grades. Sam s and prices on applica : cleph WALTERS & CO,, zzsrree™ zone. CROYDON. oo a 3 =2, 23 i - Che Orchid Review . 0. VoL. XXII. SEPTEMBER, 1914. No. 261. fae —, ( Rises | OUR NOTE BOOK. =| INCE our last notes were written a great shadow has fallen. War, blind, cruel, and insensate, has broken out among the nations, and the peaceful arts have received a set-back, the extent and duration of which no one can foresee. We deplore it, for Orchidology is international, its votaries are in every land, and our readers are found in every quarter of the globe. But regrets are useless, and all we can do is to make some attempt to alleviate the miseries which are inseparable from such a titanic struggle. The wounded, the sick, and the unemployed will need our utmost sympathy and help, and we are confident that Orchidists will not behind their fellow citizens in assisting in the good work. We have been invited to and have much pleasure in commending the National Relief Fund which is being so successfully raised by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales. To contribute to so excellent a cause must be accounted an honour and a duty. All remittances should be addressed to His Royal Highness, at Buckingham Palace. These and other letters to the Fund need not be stamped. Among the earliest inconveniences of the War was the alteration of Postal atrangements and the congestion of traffic, and the two August Meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society had to be abandoned, owing o the fact that the Hall was required by the War Office. Another effect Was the reduction of the staffs of various establishments owing to the ‘umber of territorials and reservists that have been called to the ranks. In “ettain cases the results are more serious. Our French contemporary, the Articole, was only able to issue a single sheet of news, including an : smnouncement that it must suspend operations for the present, as the q pure staffi—editors, correspondents, clerks, and printers—have been called. to the front, ——-———-— It is impossible to say how far the Orchid Trade will be affected ; much 257 258 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914 will depend on the length of time the War lasts, but an attempt should be made to “carry on.” The plants will require the same amount of attention, and it is hoped that establishments will be maintained as far as possible. We sincerely hope and pray that a settlement may not be long delayed, when things will gradually return to their normal condition. Orchidists are unquestionably interested in Heredity and Evolution, which was the subject of Prof. Bateson’s address at the opening of the British Association meeting at Melbourne, and our appetite is whetted by a newspaper cutting which states: ‘‘ Professor Bateson’s challenge to Darwinism marks an epoch. It is the most complete and authoritative statement of those biologists who have turned to Mendelism for the elucidation -of evolution and the marvellous adaptation to environment of the higher vertebrates ’—we hoped he was: going to say Orchids—‘ which they have sought in vain in Darwinism.” It is disappointingly short, but it ‘is explained that ‘‘the war has relegated to a very humble corner of the English Press the doings of the British Association now meeting in Australia, and only the briefest summary has been possible.” A cutting from another source is rather more detailed, but unsatisfying, so we turn to the pages of Nature and are not disappointed, for we find the address given in fourteen closely printed columns. It includes a good deal with -which we are already familiar, and not much~ about Orchids, so we shall not attempt a summary, but one or two points merit consideration. It is conceded that we owe to Darwin “the first full perception of the significance of variation,” and that ‘‘ with him began a general recognition of variation as a phenomenon widely occuring in nature.” Again, “Darwin regarded variability as a property inherent in living things, and eventually we must consider whether this conception is well founded. We are also told that “the doctrine of the survival of the fittest © undeniable so long as it is applied to the organism as a whole (the italics af¢ ours). . . Yet it was in application to the parts, to the details of spec difference, to the spots on the peacock’s tail, to the colouring of an Oret flower, and hosts of such examples, that the potency of natural cle was urged with the strongest emphasis. Shorn of these pretentions doctrine of the survival of favoured races is a truism, helping scarcely at to account for the diversity of species.”” But who ever heard of the ste of part of an organism? And if the doctrine of progressive modificath Bs parts is a ‘“ pretension,” how—to give an example—are we to account sion the origin of the rostellum of an Orchid, and its progressive modifica and wide range of variation in the various tribes and genera ? How came it to replace a missing stigma? And why has the viscus t on of hat it exudes SEPTEMBER, 191 4.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 259 acquired the new property of drying in a few seconds on exposure to the air? We cannot wait for an answer until the question is settled whether “genetic factors are permanent and indestructible,” as the author says some of his Mendelian colleagues assert, or whether they “ occasionally undergo a quantitative disintegration,’ as he now admits is possible, and which breeders have known all the time. He says “It is no time to discuss the origin of the Mollusca or of Dicotyledons, while we are not even sure how it came to pass that Primula obconica has in twenty-five years produced its abundant new forms almost under our eyes.’”’ We don’t exactly see the connection, but we will propound to him that much simpler question about the rostellum of an Orchid. And we await an answer ! eee We now pass on to the origin of cultivated races, and we find Orchids included among ‘“ multitudes of crosses of which we have pretty full histories”; the behaviour of crosses ; the amazing polymorphism in the second generation from a cross in Antirrhinum, and Lotzy’s suggestion that all variation may be due to such crossing, which we are told “ will at least do something to expose the artificiality of systematic zoology and botany.” But none of these things seem to lead us anywhere in particular so far as evolution is concerned, for we are told that “this is no time for devising theories of evolution, and I propound none.” The conclusion somehow does not seem quite satisfactory, for the lecturer proceeds : “ But as we have got to recognise that there has been an evolution, that somehow or other the forms of life have arisen from fewer forms, we may as well see whether we are limited to the old view that evolutionary progress is from the simple to the complex, and whether after all it is conceivable that the progress was the other way about. . . . Task you simply to open your minds to this possibility. It involves a Certain effort. We have to reverse our habitual modes of thought. At first it may seem rank absurdity to suppose that the primordial form or forms of protoplasm could have contained complexity enough to produce the diverse types of life.” We quite agree, and not only at first, but at last, and all the time. It is a first-rate illustration of topsyturveydom, and unfortunately cannot be attributed to the fact that the address was delivered at the Antipodes, where things have a habit of arranging them- Selves upside down. A suggestion of powers conveyed to the organism by additions from Sutside is only mentioned to be abandoned, but it is suggested that “ by the *-atrangement of a very moderate number of things we soon reach a 260 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [| SEPTEMBER, 1914, number of possibilities practically infinite. That primordial life may have been of small dimensions need not disturb us. Quantity is no account in these considerations. sextant clei once existed as a speck of protoplasm not so big as a pin’s head.”” We never suspected that Shakespeare was at all primordial, but we can point to something still smaller but quite sufficiently complex. This plant (fig. 30) of Cycnoches densiflorum was Fig. 30. CYCNOCHES DENSIFLORUM. v be seen without once a speck of protoplasm so minute that it could scarcel} ae n a microscope. It was then packed away in a small cavity with hu ‘ i thousands if not millions* of others just like itself, and now look at se of the @% | ave not counted them, and never had the ogportunity. “age lions or abou Cycnoches chlorochilon the oe ee of atl is estimated at about four mil ’ equal to the pocuinkios of Lond (See O.R., xvii. p. 168) SEPTEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 261 It is an Orchid, which alone says much, but it produces two totally different kinds of flowers, or rather the male and female flowers are quite unlike—the males numerous, small, membranous, spotted, with star-like lip, and long, slender column—the females few, large, fleshy, unspotted, with fleshy, solid lip, and short, stout column. There are several others with flowers just as diverse in shape, and one where the males are purple and the females green, while another has both sexes green. But in another set of species most of the parts in the two sexes are alike in size, shape, and colour. In other words, one set of species shows a ‘marvellous series of secondary sexual characters which are undeveloped in the other, Prof. Bateson may tell us that it is the other way about, or perhaps that we are looking at the organism “‘as a whole”’; that its differences arose by crossing, or that some of its characters have undergone segregation. He may ask us whether we think all the species arose from one original Cycnoches, or admitting it may suggest that the less complex ones must have lost something. It may be rank heresy to say it, but we regard it as a case of evolution by progressive modification, or the survival of useful variations. They are adaptations, and we italicise a word for which Men- delians seem to have no use. _It would be interesting, of course, to know how many steps there are, and how they arose; but they have arisen, and are there for all the world to see, and if Mendelians can tell us how, by sticking to their “‘ breeding pens” and their “seed pans,” we shall be content. But it will not alter the fact that the sign-posts are there, and that Darwin taught us a good deal of the language in which they are written. And let us beware of elevating analytical methods into an obsession. They will not teach us everything, and a good deal has been tacked on to Mendelism that would probably astonish the learned Abbé himself. The late Prof. C. C. Babington once told with great relish a story, how a young lady came into his room, and, seeing a specimen of Peziza coccinea on his table, was struck by its beauty, and asked its name. On being told, she exclaimed, ‘‘ Peziza ! why I have been working at that for a fortnight.” The story is told on the authority of the Editor of the Journal of Botany, and the moral lies in the application of it. CaTTLeya FLy.—Some of our readers are aware of the existence of a fly which forms galls or swellings near the growing points of Cattleya foots, thereby causing both disfigurement and damage, and we are asked whether any remedy is known besides the somewhat drastic one of cutting them off. We believe the fly is distinct from the one which attacks the young growths, and the experience of others would be appreciated. THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914 262 ee THE RESTING OF CATTLEYAS. CORRESPONDENT asks for information as to the resting of Cattleyas, particularly the species and hybrids of the labiata group, some of which seem to vary much in their requirements. The different kinds have to be grown together in a moderate-sized house, and as they grow and flower at different periods, it is difficult to know when to give and when to withhold water. In such cases the plants have to be treated individually, and probably the period of vegetative activity affords the safest guide. The production of new roots from the rhizome after a period of quiescence and the production of new growths are signs of renewed activity, and of the need of a gradual increase in the supply of water, and this will continue until the growths are fully matured. The Cattleyas of the labiata group divide themselves naturally into two groups with respect to their period of growth and flowering. There is one set of species that flower from the young erowths without any period of resting, and this includes C. Warneri, from Brazil, C. Gaskelliana and C. Lueddemanniana, from Venezuela, C. Dowiana, from Costa Rica, C. Dowiana aurea and C. Warscewiczii (gigas), from Colombia, and, of course, C. Hardyana, the natural hybrid between the two latter. These should be kept moist after the flowering period is over and until the growths are fully matured, after which the supply of water should be gradually reduced, and when the plants are at rest a very moderate supply of water will suffice. As soon as the young growths reach a good size, if strong enough, a shea will begin to push, and it is highly important that the plants should not receive a check at this stage, otherwise the flowers may fail to develop or be of inferior quality. The second group consists of species that take an interval of ce maturini¢ their growths before flowering, and these naturally require me what different treatment. They include C. Mossiz and C. Percivaliana, from Venezuela; C. Mendelii, C. Trianez, and C. Schroeder, from Colombia, and C. Lawrenceana, from British Guiana. AS these ms their growths, the supply of water should be gradually r plants are at rest, when the compost should be kept moderately 4} about four weeks before the flowering period, when more water : ‘a given to enable the flower buds to mature properly, and this $ agaid continue until the flowers are fully developed, after which they must t after be kept moderately dry until growth recommences. Pp a y & ate bet The old autumn-flowering C. labiata is somewhat intermed fe the two groups, as it flowers after a very short period of ee slight reduction in the water supply is necessary until flowering 1S 9 SEPTEMBER, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 263 The hybrids cannot be so sharply separated, for some are hybrids between the two groups or between parents which behave differently with respect to their period of growth and flowering. For example Lelia purpurata and L. crispa begin to grow in the autumn months, completing their growths early and then flowering almost without resting. When these are hybridised with Cattleyas that behave differently the resulting hybrids are either intermediate or tend to behave like one or the other parent. But it is a safe guide to treat them in the same way as the parent they most resemble. With regard to resting generally it should be borne in mind that when the roots are not active very little moisture is being drawn from the compost, except by evaporation, and this again depends upon the time of year and the amount of fire heat necessary. Too much water at this- period is both injurious to the roots and destructive to the compost, and a judicious use of the sprayer between the pots helps to preserve the necessary amount of moisture, and renders less direct watering necessary. A pretty safe guide when the plants are absolutely at rest is to give only enough water to keep the bulbs plump and prevent shrivelling, and it is remarkable how little water is required if a proper amount of atmospheric moisture 1S maintained. : Another way in which the well-being of the plants may be secured is to move the plants about, placing those in active growth in the warmest and lightest positions in the house, and shifting them to cooler positions when resting. ERIA sonKaRIs.—A distinct and striking Eria of the Eriura group, received from the Singapore Botanic Garden, and which is said to have been collected in Borneo, has just flowered at Kew, and apparently belongs to E. sonkaris, Rchb. f., a species which was described by Reichenbach in 1857 (Bomplandia, v. p. 55), from materials collected by Zollinger on Mt. Sonkar in the Malayan island of Sumbawa, east of Lombok. The Lindley Herbarium contains a single leaf, a small piece of the inflorescence, and a sketch of the lip, these having been sent by Reichenbach. It was said to be allied to E. abbreviata, Lindl., an imperfectly known Javan species. There is also a dried specimen of E. sonkaris at Kew, sent by Mr. J. J. Smith as having been cultivated in the Bogor Garden. A dried specimen from Mr. H. N. Ridley, collected at Pontianak, Borneo, also appears to be identical. The Kew plant has erect stems, over 4 foot high, with six or seven lanceolate-oblong coriaceous leaves, about six inches long by ul broad, and dense erect spikes six or seven inches long. The pedicels an back of the segments are woolly. The flowers are light yellow, and the five-lobed lip has a few light reddish streaks on the side lobes. —R.A-R. 564 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Sevrewner, iy, -—o [ees MANURIAL AID TO ORCHIDS. 283 N reference to the article at page 222 on Manurial Aid to Orchids, I | have no hesitation in recommending the “simple life” method of cultivation. I have seen articles wherein such things as a teaspoonful of guano. and other crude artificial fertilisers have been recommended to be added to the compost of Orchids, and one can only assume that the writers of such articles have a very hazy idea of the requirements of these fascinating plants. I. carried out a series of experiments extending over three years, adopting various methods of manuring Orchids, and find that, no matter how carefully one may work, and how weak the applications may be, the results are not at all satisfactory. In regard to your correspondent’s suggestion of damping with weak cow-manure water, this is equally unsatisfactory. The roots, though abundantly made, are inclined to be soft and very subject to 4 bacteriological disease, and the growths produced have been large and very often flowerless and inclined to ‘‘spot.’”” Furthermore, a few days after the application of cow-manure water the osmunda fibre in almost every pot in the house is permeated, and afterwards choked up, by the mycelium of various fungi (some of which I have noticed are not altogether saprophytic in their mode of existence), causing a speedy disintegration of the compost. 1 have found a good natural stimulant in the shape of freshly fallen rain- water applied to the roots of the plants, due, no doubt, to the nitrogen contained, which is lost in storage. I take care to use rain-water only to the roots of plants, and, in times of plenty, for wetting the floor and staging — -of the house. I am sure also that with subjects such as ‘Calanthes, Thunias, Zygopetalums, &c., better flowers are produced without the aid of manure. The latter I find grow very well indeed in a pure, strong adhesiv . ‘Contrary to expectation, they will take any amount of water, producing = very fine bulbs and foliage and flowering very freely. . tO : As a last word, let me say that I. sincerely hope we are not going [0 commence undermining the constitution of our beautiful Orchids 12 the same way that our hardy plants have been treated in the past. ‘Sweet pea as an instance, can anyone claim that this has not to an extent almost to be practically impossible of cultivation, fads and fancies of the so-called sweet-pea “ experts! ” The es Hounslow. Henry R. STERRE ee artifice (We favour the rain-water theory, but at times 4 gon" poe Substitute would be useful. And the question is, Have we one 7" = Take the : degenerated : owing to the SEPTEMBER, 1914. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 265 eees HE annexed illustration shows a remarkable series of hybrids raised by Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, whose history is given in the ollowing note. Messrs. Hassall write: ‘‘ We recently staged at the Royal CATTLEYA SYBIL AND ITS VARIETIES. |Zaay| CATTLEYA SYBIL AND ITS. VARIETIES. Pig. 31. ee Horticultural Hall a new Cattleya hybrid of our own raising, which we hamed C. Sybil, the parentage of which is C. Dowiana aurea X C. iridescens. The parentage of C. iridescens, which is also a hybrid of our own raising, 's C. bicolor x C. Eldorado. The plant staged by us was the first seedling to flower, but we now have seven plants in bloom, all produced from the 266 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [ SEPTEMBER, te Same seed pod, and we are surprised to find such a wonderful variation in form .and colouring. We think that you will be interested to see the flowers, which we are sending, and trust they will reach you safely. So far the plants have carried from one to five flowers. It is now three years and four months since the seed was sown. All the plants of which we send you the flowers are one-leaved.. But, taking the batch.as a whole, about twenty-five per cent. are two-leaved on the last bulb. Last year when the plants were smaller, only about 5 per cent. were two-leaved. As far as we have been able to judge, the bulbs and flowers do not agree. We have several plants now in bloom, which have bicolor-shaped. flowers, but the plants are absolutely of the one-leaved type, but there are two others which are bicolor plants and have also bicolor flowers. And one plant has the full round lip and two leaved-bulbs. The greater percentage of the flowers have so far been of the C. bicolor shape.” The flowers arrived in good condition, and the opportunity was taken to secure a photograph, which is here reproduced. The variation in form is well shown, and the details of colour are given below. It will be noticed that three of the flowers have the large entire lip and characteristic shape of the C. labiata section, while the other four (those in the conn row and the lower flower on the right) are most like C. bicolor, all having, however, the very short side lobes seen in C. Iris, C. iridescens, and other primary hybrids of C. bicolor. The original C. Sybil was exhibited on June 3rd last, and is recorded as most like the C. Dowiana parent, and having bronzy rose sepals and petals and a ruby purple lip with a yellow base (see page 215). For the purpose of description we number ec flowers from 1 to 7, beginning at the left of the top row, and continuing the other two rows in the same order. No. 1 has quite the characteristic shape of C. Dowiana aurea, relatively shorter and broader petals and lip. The sepals and petals are bright lilac-rose, and the lip carmine, with radiating reddish lines on the orange yellow throat. : No. 2 has more acute and spreading petals, these and the sepals bent bright rose, and the lip very dark velvety crimson, with a more uniformly deep reddish orange throat. No. 3 much recalls C. Iris in shape, and has light salmon yellow sepals and petals, the front lobe of the lip very broad, purple-crimson, and the se side lobes yellow tinged with salmon, with a reddish tinge on the isthmus No. 4 has more spreading petals, these and the sepals being iii golden yellow, and a more elongated lip, the front lobe of which 1s og velvety crimson, shading off to purple, with a narrow pale yellow a 4 and the side lobes buff yellow, with red suffusion inside and on the ie 5 No. 5 is rather smaller, with salmon yellow sepals and petals, the with ‘SEPTEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 267° lobes of the lip yellow, the isthmus deep chrome yellow, and the front lobe crimson shading to rose. No. 6 approaches no. 1 in shape, and has pale lilac rose sepals and: petals, and an entire lip, with very large yellow throat, without red veining,. and a broad dark purple-crimson margin, narrowing off at the sides. No. 7 approaches 5.in shape, but has more spreading sepals, these and. the petals being lilac-purple, while the lip has rose-coloured side lobes, a dull yellow isthmus, and an intense crimson-purple front lobe. It will be noticed that the yellows in the figure generally come out darker than the purples, but this is a well-known difficulty in photographing colours, unless a yellow screen and an isochromatic plate are used. This remarkable range of variation recalls the five secondary hybrid Odontiodas raised by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., which were described at pp. 106, 107 of our April issue, though we were not able to illustrate them graphically by photographs. Of course the phenomenon is nothing new, for it was observed and recorded in the case of Leliocattleya fausta, the earliest secondary hybrid Orchid raised by hand, some of which Mr. Seden remarked most resembled their grandparents (see O.R., xvill. p. II). It is- to-day a commonplace of hybridisation, and it stands in the strongest contrast with the comparative uniformity seen among primary hybrids. It is, in fact, a phase of reversion, and illustrates well what has been termed the “ permanence of specific character ” in organisms. Species, as is well known, reproduce themselves true from seed, and the reason is because the pollen cells and embryo cells, from the union of which the new generation arises, are alike, hence no new and disturbing element is introduced. Hybridisation consists in the union of the unlike,. the pollen cells of the male parent having different specific characters from, those of the female, and the amount of difference depends on the degree ot affinity between the parents. A hybrid combines two distinct ancestries,. and consequently contains diverse elements, which seldom form a perfect blend. There is usually more or less incompatability, resulting in a mosaic Structure, in which the indvidual cells are not homogeneous. When such. a hybrid forms its reproductive cells, pollen and ovules, the same diversity obtains, hence the polymorphism seen among secondary hybrids. The one is the direct result of the other. We now come to the well-known property of o own kind, which is summed up in the phrase, “like produces like,” and, as hybrids are seen to form an exception, we are led to enquire as to what are the conditions under which the reproductive cells obtain their own: distinctive qualities. We cannot go into the mysteries of ordinary cell formation, suffice it to say that by a complicated process the nucleus of the cell divides, giving rise to two exactly similar daughter nuclei, which rganisms to produce their 268 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914 originate new cells, and that each nucleus contains a definite number of bodies, called chromosomes, which are believed to be the bearers of ‘hereditary qualities. The particular kind of division seen in reproductive cells takes the form of halving the number of chromosomes, and this is technically known as the reduction division, and is accompanied by the peculiar property that these reduced cells are incapable of proceeding further until after a sexual process has taken place. These specialised cells are of two kinds, male and female, and occupy a different position with regard to the parent organism, but they are identical in their origin and method of development, and contain the same number of chromosomes. Their union by the sexual process restores the original number of chromosomes, and gives the stimulus -to further development and the production of a new individual. ‘This new individual develops in accordance with the characters of the two reproductive cells which unite to give it birth, but it is in the earlier reduction division that the distribution of these characters among the individual reproductive cells takes place. This gives us an insight into the different behaviour of species and hybrids with respect to their offspring. The mosaic character, so far as it exists, prevents uniformity in the ‘composition of the reproductive cells. It is due to incompatability between characters of diverse origin, and results in the diversity seen among secondary hybrids from the same seed pod. And it is not universal, for ‘some hybrids reproduce themselves true from seed. In such cases, to use the language of Mendel, the differences are “ entirely and permanently accommodated together” (the italics are his). The compromise, which 1s always necessary in the union of diverse elements and often only temporary, is here complete and permanent. Herein lies the difference between mosaic and blendid inheritance, and the measure of the difference ® incompatability. Blended inheritance results in intermediate hybrids, or in characters that are intermediate between those of their parents. Mosaic inheritance is common in a mixed population, such as that created by the hybridist and it was the peculiar behaviour of hybrids that led to Mendel’s origina experiments, as may be seen by an extract from the introduction t? e celebrated paper: ‘‘ The striking regularity with which the same hybr! forms always reappeared whenever fertilisation took place between o same species induced further experiments to be undertaken, the object © which was to follow up the developments of the hybrids in their progeny: To this object numerous careful observers, such as KOlreuter, Ga Herbert, Lecoq, Wichura, and others, have devoted a part of their lives with inexhaustible perseverance. . . . That, so far, no genet A applicable law governing the formation and development of hybrids as a SEPTEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 269s been successfully formulated can hardly be wondered at by anyone who is- acquainted with the extent of the task, and can appreciate the difficulties. with which experiments of this class have to contend.” We now return to the forms of Cattleya Sybil seen in our illustration;. which contain the qualities of three distinct species. The mother, C. Dowiana, is a pure species, hence the embryo cells from which they were derived were uniform in character, and the diversity must have come from: the pollen cells of the other parent, C. iridescens, in which C. bicolor and: C. Eldorado are combined. CC. Eldorado belongs to the same section as C. Dowiana, and hence may be said to possesses many similar though not identicai qualities. The two agree in having clavate pseudobulbs with a single erect leaf, and an entire lip with large convolute side lobes (as in figs. I, 2, and 6), but they differ in colour and in numerous other small details. C. bicolor, on the other hand, has slender elongated pseudobulbs with two spreading leaves, and a lip entirely destitute of side lobes, and hence has many different qualities from both. It may be said to have broken away from the main Cattleya stem at a much earlier period. Figures 3, 4, 5 and 7 approach this grandparent in general character, but differ in having small auriculate side lobes, in fact the reversion, as in the case of other secondary hybrids of C. bicolor, is not complete. Blending is equally obvious as regards colour, and in scarcely any case is reversion complete, though no. 4 almost reproduces the colour of C. Dowiana in the sepals and petals, but not in the lip. In short, of unequal blending and quantitative differences in the factors there is plenty of evidence, as is invariably the case, and it illustrates how new characters arise by crossing, and give increased facilities for selection and improvement, which is the raison d’étre of all hybridisation as practised. in gardens. ONCIDIUM TENUE.—Several of the Central American Oncidiums seem: to be very imperfectly known. Oncidium tenue flowered in the garden of: the Horticultural Society as long ago as November, 1847, and was described and figured by Lindley (Journ. Hort. Soc., iii. pp. 76, 77), but since then it seems to have been almost lost sight of. Now, however, a plant has flowered in the Kew Collection, and although there is no record of its- origin it agrees with the original specimen preserved in Lindley’s Herbarium. This original plant is said to have been received by the Horticultural Society from Hartweg, in February, 1841. Lindley remarked that the- species was remarkable for its tbin pseudobulbs, and that the flowers were not unlike those of Oncidium Suttonii in size and colour, being yellow, with. . brown bars on the sepals and petals, and that it was distinguished from Ov suave by its broader leaves and acutely triangular column-wings.—R.A.R. 2270 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914. [ices] NOVELTIES. De of another Decade of New Orchids have appeared in the Kew Bulletin since our last notes were given (O.R., xxi. pp. .250-252), of which the following nine are in cultivation :— MEGACLINIUM UGAND#, Rolfe——Flowered in the Royal Botanic ‘Garden, Glasnevin, in March, Igi2, and again a year later. It is allied to M. endotrachys, Kranzl., but the scape is shorter and the lateral sepals more acuminate. The rachis is heavily dotted and marbled with purple- ‘brown on a light green ground, and the sepals are of much the same colour -outside but more green within. The petals are light green, and the lip dull purple. The species was obtained from Mr. J. O’Brien as a native of Uganda.—Kew Bulletin, 1913, p- 338. EULOPHIA WATKINSONII, Rolfe.—An ally of E. hians, Spreng., sent ‘from Ermelo by Mr. Watkinson, of the Transvaal Forest Department, and flowered at Kew in February, rg1z. It has bright yellow flowers, with a little brown outside the sepals.—i.c., p. 339. EULOPHIA UGAND&, Rolfe.—An ally of E, latifolia, Rolfe, sent from the Mabira forest, Uganda, by Mr. E. Brown, and flowered in the collection of ‘the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, in March, 1913. The flowers are borne in a compact panicle, and are white with a few purple streaks on the lip and face of the column. Its climbing habit is ‘remarkable, the new bulbs being regularly produced above the old one and -sending down a strong root, thus recalling a mangrove in habit.—l.c., p. 339 POLYSTACHYA CORIACEA, Rolfe.—A native of British Central Africa which flowered in the collection of Mr. James Bush, of Cardiff, in March, ~ 1913. It is allied to P. golungensis, Rchb. f., and has deep yellow flowers: “=$Giy De 240, ; XYLOBIUM ELATUM, Rolfe.—A Peruvian species, introduced by Messts- -Sander & Sons, through their collector L. Forget, and flowered in their Bruges Establishment in May, 1913. It is allied to X. scabilingue, Rolfe, but is characterised by its tall habit, the scape being as much as three feet high, and the leaves correspondingly large. The flowers are very numerous, dull pale green, heavily marbled with brown on the back of the segments, and the very prominent tubercles on the lip are dark brown.—l.c., p- 347+ XYLOBIUM ECUADORENSE, Rolfe.—Flowered in the collection of Mrs Lipscomb, Wilton Grove, Wimbledon, the plant having been sent from Ecuador by her son, Mr. Lancelot Lipscomb, in 1g11. It was collected at Naranajapata, about 75.miles from the coast. It is allied to X. foveatu™ -Nichols., and has flowers uniformly light yellow in colour.—l.c., P SAE P TRICHOCENTRUM PANAMENSE, Rolfe.—Flowered in the collection SEPTEMBER, 1914.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 271 Mrs. Lipscomb, Wilton Grove, Wimbledon, in November, 1911. It was received some two years previously from Mr. L. Lipscomb, who found it on bush-covered hills on the Panama Canal. It is allied to T. capsicastrum, Linden & Rchb. f., but has a shorter scape, and the spur is very short, dilated, and divided at the apex into four short lobes, an unusual character. The flowers are light green, with a white lip, at the base of which is a red- purple blotch.—J.c., p. 341. SIGMATOSTALIX BICORNUTA, Rolfe.—Introduced from Peru by Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, through their collector, L. Forget, and flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, in January, 1912, It is allied to S. graminea, Rchb. f., and has yellow flowers, with a deep, purple- red stripe on the dorsal sepal and petals. The name refers to a pair of fleshy conical horns on the petals, « quite unusual character.—l.c., p. 342. SACCOLABIUM GLOMERATUM, Rolfe.—A Bornean species which flowered in the collection of the Hon. N. C. Rothschild, Ashton Wold, Oundle, in October, 1913. It is allied to S. penangianum, Hook. f., but has short, congested racemes. The flowers are yellow, spotted with brownish red on the sepals and petals, and striped with similar colour on the side lobes of the lip.—i.c., p. 342. A forty-second Decade has since appeared, of which the five following are in cultivation :— PLEUROTHALLIS LANKESTERI, Rolfe.—A curious little plant sent from Cachi, Costa Rica, by Mr. E. Lankester, and flowered at Kew in June, 1914. It belongs to the group Apode czspitose, and is allied to P. myriantha, Lehm. & Kranzl. The flowers are deep yellow, with a dark purple lip and column. It is very inconspicuous, owing to the fact that the small flowers are borne in fascicles below the leaves.—Kew Bulletin, I9I4, p. 210. C@LOGYNE ANNAMENSIS, Rolfe.—An ally of C. brunnea, Lindl., which flowered in the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, in November, 1913, and is said to have been introduced from Annam by Messrs. Sander & Sons. The sepals and petals are pale buff yellow, and the lip rather darker, with Orange-brown markings.—l.c., p. 211. MAXILLARIA FLETCHERIANA, Rolfe.—A_ striking Peruvian species, introduced by Messrs. Sander & Sons, through their collector, Mr. L. Forget. It flowered in April, 1913, when it received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. The flowers are large, white, irregularly lined with purple, and the front and crest of the lip yellow.—l.c., p. 213- RENANTHERA PULCHELLA, Rolfe.—A very pretty little plant, which flowered in the establishment of MM. A. A. Peeters & Cie., Brussels, in August, 1913. It is said to have come as a single plant in an importation 272 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1914, of R. Imschootiana, but the flowers are only half as large, and different in structure. The colour is yellow, with the side lobes and upper half of the lip crimson.—l.c., p. 214. [The species received an Award of Merit at the Holland House Show.—See p. 213 of our July issue.} ANGRAECUM BIRRIMENSE, Rolfe.—An ally of A. Eichlerianum, Kranzl., described from a dried specimen sent from the Birrim District, on the Gold Coast, by Mr. A. C. Miles. A living plant was also sent which is now in the Kew collection.—l.c., p. 214. DENDROBIUM PapiLio.—A flower of a very striking Dendrobium has been sent from the collection of E. D. Bostock, Esq., Stone, Staff. It was purchased some years ago out of an importation as D. Papilio, and is evidently the true Philippine species of that name. D. Papilio was described by M. Loher about seventeen years ago (Gard. Chron., 1897, i p- 416), as follows: ‘A charming species of the crumenatum group. Its large, solitary, pale rose flowers hang down from their thin grass-like stems in great profusion, resembling butterflies suspended in the air. The sepals and petals of the nearly two-inch wide flowers are ovate, and the broad undulate lip is long stipitate, with a few purple veins. The fragrant flowers last only one or two days.” The only dried specimen at Kew is an imported plant that died on the way home, and consequently is without flowers, but it is probable that Mr. Bostock’s plant came from an authentic source, as the flower agrees well with the. technical description, except that the ground colour is white, with a very faint shade of blush, which contrasts effectively with the purple veining on the lip. This may indicate variation. The species, however, belongs to the Section Pedilonum. A well-grown plant would be a striking object. R.A. en convenient heir said BULBOPHYLLUM VITIENSE.—Geographical names are oft in the case of large genera, but a good deal of caution is necessary in t application to garden plants. Over twenty years ago a Bulbophyllum, : to have been received from the Botanical Station, Fiji, was describe under the name of B. vitiense (Rolfe in Kew Bulletin, 1893, P- 5) It — said to be very distinct from B. rostriceps, Rchb, f., the only other spec! then known from Fiji, but its exact affinity was not made out. Over . year later a Liberian Bulbophyllum that flowered at the Royal Bola Garden, Glasnevin, was identified as B. cocoinum, Lindl., a speci® © ada i lost sight of, and later on it flowered at Kew among Orchids Tece : from Accra. B. vitiense could not be distinguished from them, and became evident that some mistake had been made in the Fiji habitat and that the name must be cancelled. Both plants are again in bloom Kew, and are certainly forms of one. R: SEPTEMBER, 1914.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 273 Caen EEE EEE (RG) GR a“ 32 AMMANGIS ELLISII. Ske) HE annexed figure represents, on a much reduced scale, a plant of this striking Madagascar Orchid, which flowered at Kew some time ago. The species is one of the introductions of the Rev. W. Ellis, and was figured and described in the Botanical Magazine (t. 5179) under the name of Grammatophyllum Ellisii, Lindl., in 1860, though Reichenbach afterwards. Fig. 32. GRAMMANGIS ELLISII. made a new genus of it, as Grammangis Ellisii. It flowered in Mr. Ellis’ collection at Hoddesdon in August, 1859, when the discoverer wrote to Lindley as follows: ‘‘ Among the plants which I brought from Madagascar was a large-bulbed plant exactly like Anguloa Clowesii, only the bulbs were quare instead of round. I found it growing on a branch of a tree abont 274 THE ORCHID REVIEW. . (Serremeer, 19 the size of a man’s leg, and stretched over a stream at about 25 feet above the water.” He then went on to describe the bulbs as 7 to 8 inches long by 14 inches broad, surmounted by a tuft of five or six leaves somewhat resembling those of Angraecum sesquipedale. He brought the plant home, and it grew well, throwing up with the young growth a spike about 2 feet long, and bearing between 30 and 4o flowers. This was sent to Lindley, together with a painting by Mrs. Ellis, from which the illustration in the Botanical Magazine was prepared. For some years it remained very rare, in fact in 1878 Reichenbach remarked that until then the known specimens numbered scarcely half-a- dozen, so that the plant was little known in the horticultural world. At this time, however, a fine lot had been introduced by M. Leon Humblot (Gard. Chron., 1878, ii. p. 333). It was on a plant from this importation, which flowered with Mr. John Day, that Reichenbach based his var. Dayanum (Gard. Chron., 1880, ii. ps 326), which he described as a surprising and totally unexpected novelty, and might at first be regarded as a new species. The difference largely relied on by Reichenbach was the absence of the transverse bars shown on the sepals in the Botanical Magazine figure. But they are also absent from the original painting in Lindley’s Herbarium, and we think they must have been introduced in making up the figure, for we have never seen them s any living plant. Fortunately, on its flowering in September, 1878, the variety was painted by Mr. Day (Orch. Draw., xxvii. t. 9), and we cannot find any essential difference from the type, so that the variety may abolished. The plant is still rare, though more examples have been imported by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., and it was to one of these that 4 Cultural Commendation was awarded by the R.H.S. at the Holland House Show 1 1913. The plant bore two racemes and an aggregate of 64 flowers (0.R» XXi. p. 246). ; The general character of the plant is shown in the figure, but owing . the amount of reduction the details of the flowers are not as cleat ae be wished. The colour of the sepals is yellow with sepia eee markings, and the ground colour of the petals and lip nearly — former with a brown zone at the apex and the latter with purple lines a8 some yellow on the disc. pady It is a rather refractory subject, and succeeds best in a moderately § , position in the Warm house. Baskets or pots may be used, with @ of drainage, and a good fibrous compost, finishing off with a surfacing sphagnum moss. It requires a liberal supply of water at the roots id a the growing season, but as soon as the growths are matured it sb i given a decided rest. . SEPTEMBER, 1914.1 THE ORCHID REVIEW. 275 By T. W. BRISCOE, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s : CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER. ; Hybridising Department. ITH the arrival of September we begin to think of shorter days and less sunshine, while the Orchid grower will try to make up the deficiency to some extent by removing the permanent shading, and by reducing the interval of letting down and rolling up the blinds. Some shade will still be necessary, especially on the Cool or Odontoglossum houses, but discretion and moderation must be the keynotes, or muc damage may be done. VENTILATION, always an importaut factor in Orchid culture, must receive due attention, and air should be admitted on all favourable occasions. An inch or so may still be left on throughout the night, and it is a bad policy to try and economise fuel by closing the ventilators early and keeping them shut until the morning. ATMOSPHERIC MOISTURE must be reduced in every division, and at this time of the year it is better to err on the dry side, as the outside atmosphere is often heavily charged with moisture, and heavy dews are the general rule rather than the exception. WATERING AND SPRAYING must both be carried out with due regard to the weather, and the condition of the plants, while the compost used also makes a great difference in the amount of moisture required. The growth of the plants will need to be studied when giving water, in fact success can only be obtained by treating them individually. Spraying the plants heavily overhead will now be a somewhat dangerous practice, and the amateur must be on his guard when using the syringe for this purpose. Any spraying ought to be done sufficiently early in the day for the foliage to dry before night, or water will be found on the foliage next morning, a condition that must be avoided. TEMPERATURES.—Sudden falls in the temperatures may now be expected, unless the fires are kept clean and ready for use in case of emergency, but care must be taken, or the pipes will get excessively hot, which is most harmful to the inmates, while insect pests will increase rapidly under such conditions. INSECT PEsTs.—An opportunity will now occur to look over the collection, and examine each specimen for scale insects, &c. Dirty pots can be washed and everything made clean before restaging. When rearranging the plants the evil of overcrowding should be obviated as much as possible. I know it is often difficult to find adequate accom- Modation for every plant that one is expected to grow, but the Cattleyas with their many hybrids should be less crowded than Cypripediums and 276 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1914. similar Orchids, as light and air are important factors in ripening the growths. CaTTLEyas.—Among the Cattleyas that flower in the early and late autumn are C. Eldorado, C. Loddigesii, C. Leopoldii, C. granulosa, C. bicolor, and the beautiful C. Dowiana aurea. A quantity of the latter is often met with in establishments largely devoted to Orchids, where a succession of flower can be maintained for several weeks, which is a great advantage to the hybridist. When the blooms are removed the plants will remain dormant through the winter, and must not be overwatered, although any undue shrivelling of the pseudobulbs should be guarded against. Examples bearing seed capsules ought to be watered more freely, and suspended in a light position a few feet from the glass. L&LIOCATTLEYAS.—These give a good account of themselves throughout the year, and especially from now onwards. Many will be pushing up their spikes, others will be completing their season’s growth, and a few may require repotting. When this operation is finished, they can be placed at the warmest end of the house, and if they are carefully watered no harm will accrue. Shade will only be needed through the middle of the day, as dense and excessive shading has detrimental effect upon all the Cattleya tribe, particularly just prior to the winter months. MASDEVALLIAS.—In the February issue I referred to this quaint and interesting genus, and suggested that any not in a condition for repotting at that date should be left over until the present month. The winter- flowering kinds, of which the chaste M. tovarensis may be cited as 40 example, ought not to be disturbed at this season, and the same rematk applies to the Chimera group, unless the compost is in a sour condition, when it is advisable to renew it at once irrespective of rules. Then we have the brilliantly coloured and strong-growing group, such as M. Veitchiana, coccinea with its numerous varieties, and ignea, which cat safely be repotted where the plants are pot-bound. Few Orchids respond more readily to generous treatment than these Masdevallias, and if carefully watered for the first two months or so they will soon take possession of the new compost. Where a house or division is not set apart for them, the warmest end of the Cool house should be chosen, preferably the shaded side. The base of the plant must not be elevated above the rim of the pot, and at no time ought they to suffer from dryness at the root They are subject to attacks from thrips, and the under-surface of the leaves should be examined periodically. I have heard that a mite (similar to Begonia mite) causes disfigurement of the foliage, but cannot vouch PLEIONES.—Most of the species, such as P. maculata, P. preco™ the for the © accuracy of this statement. Have readers any knowledge of this pest? P. lagenaria will have completed their pseudobulbs, and the leaves - gradually decay. Directly signs of maturity are noticed they may be a SEPTEMBER, £914. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 277 exposed to the light, and the water supply can be gradually reduced, but not entirely withheld, for Pleiones are like Disas, never really dormant, although growth is very slow through the winter months. When the pseudobulbs are depleted of the foliage growth will commence, and the short scapes of crocus-like flowers will emerge from the base of the bulbs. At this stage the roots ought to be kept moderately dry, and if the plants are removed to a house where the atmosphere is less humid, the blooms will remain in full beauty. for a much longer period. P. humilis will continue to grow for some weeks yet, and must be treated accordingly. It and one or two others flower in the spring. HABENARIAS.—These charming Orchids are well worth growing, the most critical part of their culture being the resting season. They are deciduous, and a decided rest is necessary, but it is advisable to examine the pots occasionally to ascertain whether the tubers are shrivelling from lack of moisture, or a drip is causing the soil to get into a wet state. After the flowers are past, the stems gradually decay, water is given less frequently, and then practically discontinued till the spring, when the tubers awaken from their slumbers. Cuysis.—Although a small genus and one belonging to the past, a few representatives are still grown in some collections, and to secure the best results it is essential that the pseudobulbs should be properly ripened. To this end they should be placed in the warmest house if growth is at all backward, otherwise the Cattleya division will suit them until the foliage changes colour. When at rest they may be suspended in a light position in a cooler house, or among the Dendrobiums, and only afforded sufficient moisture to keep the bulbs in a plump state. L2LIA ANCEPS and varieties, and any Cypripediums that are pushing up their flower scapes, should be neatly staked to prevent them from twisting and injury. The former must receive plenty of light and ventilation on all favourable occasions. Oncipiums.—O. tigrinum, O. varicosum, and the fine variety Rogersii will soon be flowering, and here it is advisable to carefully stake the spikes before they are far advanced, while a piece of cotton wool placed around the base of each spike will retard the progress of slugs, which are usually very active as the nights become longer and dark. Vanda ceerulea will also fequire similar attention. : OpontocLossums.—The repotting of the Colombian section should be finished at the earliest possible date, and until they are re-established the Surroundings must be kept moist and the ventilators fairly close. The Pretty O. Rossii will be growing freely, and until the pseudobulbs are developed the plants must be afforded ample moisture at the base. After flowering a partial rest is allowed, but if kept without water for any great 278 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1914, length of time the small bulbs will show signs of distress. Weak examples ought not to be permitted to produce a flower scape. DENDROBIUMS.— Many of those belonging to the D. nobile section will be completing their season’s growth, and will in consequence need water less frequently than hitherto, but on no account ought the bulbs to shrivel. Where a house is devoted to their culture the temperature can be lowered to 50° or 55° Fahr., if the atmosphere is kept dry. This will make a grand house for resting other plants, such as Thunias, Catasetums, Mormodes, and several others that will occur to the grower. Plants that may still be growing can be taken to the warmest division until their growth is finished. D. Dearei, D. atroviolaceum, and others of similat habit must be rested in the Cattleya house, and here the indispensable D. Phalenopsis and D. formosum giganteum may remain during their flowering period. No shade will be needed on the Dendrobium house, as it is essential for their stems to be thoroughly ripened. LZLIA PUMILA AND VARIETIES.—These dwarf compact little Orchids are highly prized by some for buttonholes, the somewhat small flowers being most suitable for this purpose. They should be cultivated in shallow pans, which can be suspended in the Intermediate house. The usual rooting medium may be used, and any repotting takes place when roots — are seen emerging from the base of the current pseudobulb. The flowers appear in the autumn, and the plants must never get really dry. HABENARIA PROCERA.—A clump ofa fine Tropical African Habenaria, sent to Kew by Mr. A. C. Miles, Curator of the Agricultural Station on the Gold Coast, is now in bloom, and proves to belong to H. procera, Lindl., 4 very imperfectly known species. It was originally collected in Sierra Leone by Afzelius, and described by Swartz under the name of Orchis procet® being transferred to Habenaria by Lindley (Gen. & Sp. Oreh., P- 318). Afterwards an Orchid, which had been received from Sierra Leone by Messrs. Loddiges, flowered in their establishment at Hackney, and was identified by Lindley, and flowered in the Botanical Register (t. 1858). ¢ copy of this plate is all that is preserved in Lindley’s Herbarium, and nothing further was known about the species when the Flora of Trop! Africa was published. The Kew clump is now producing three fine racemes: The plants are about eighteen inches high, and bear six or seven, lanceolate oblong, very undulate leaves on the lower part of the stem, and the racemes bear from about twelve to thirty white flowers, with the tips of the sep: and the apex of the spur green. The lip is three-lobed, with filiform side lobes, and the spurs are abont four inches long, pendulous, and sligh y thickened at the apex. It is a very graceful species, and its reappearance? cultivation is interesting. R.AR- SEPTEMBER, 191 4.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 279 rel ieee} TAR AN OLD CATALOGUE. Sel N interesting glimpse of Orchid culture in the past is afforded by some of the old Catalogues, and we may illustrate our remarks by one issued by M. J. Linden as long ago as 1853. It is entitled ‘‘ Prix Courant de J. Linden a Bruxelles. Printemps, Eté et Automne de 1853.” Over seven hundred species and varieties of exotic Orchids are enumerated, and in most cases the native country is given. That it differs greatly from modern Catalogues goes without saying, for besides the entire absence of hybrids, many species now familiar in collections are missing, including the popular Odontoglossum crispum, while there are many others- that are very rarely met with in the present day. The maximum price was 200 francs, at which Vanda suavis and Uropedium Lindenii were offered, Vanda tricolor and V. insignis were 100 francs each, and the beautiful V. cerulea from 50 to 150 francs, while V. teres could be had from 20 to 40 francs. The Javan Phalenopsis grandiflora ranged from 100 to 150 francs, the latter figure being fixed for the Philippine P. rosea and the so-called P. amabilis, a name now known to be erroneous, and replaced by P- Aphrodite. These are the only three Phalanopses in the Catalogue. Other eastern Orchids appear to have sold well, for we find Saccolabium guttatum, S. preemorsum, and Blumei majus priced at 125 francs, while the typical S. Blumei and the Bornean S. retusum were 25 francs cheaper. In point of numbers, Epidendrum heads the list with 49 species, followed by Oncidium with 48, Dendrobium with 46, Odontoglossum with 27, and Cattleya with 22. Odontoglossum Pescatorei is priced at 150 francs, followed by O. ramosissium and O. nzvium at 100 francs, while 75 to 100 francs was asked, and possibly obtained, for O. auropurpureum, a species Probably not now in cultivation. Cattleya Holfordii, now known to be a synonym of C. luteola, was priced at 100 francs, followed by C. Aclandiz at 40 to 80 francs, while C. Harrisoniana was as low as 15 francs. Cypripedium insigne could be had as low as 2 francs each, while 40 was. asked for C. javanicum, a species now rarely seen. And hybridists will be Interested to know that Brassavola Digbyana was then offered at from 50 to 100 francs, for there was a later period when the stock could have been Cleared out several times over at the price. Of course, the majority of the plants stood at much smaller figures, For example Dendrobium nobile was priced at from 5 to 25 francs, and selections at the choice of the establishment are offered at 12 for 60 francs, 25 for 150, 50 for 500, and roo for 1500, or an average of 6 to 15 francs each, it being explained that the larger collections contained more of the higher Priced species. And rarity then, as now would be one of the determining. 280 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914. factors. For example, Sobralia Ruckeri was offered at 125 francs, and 5. macrantha from 10 to 25. A good many things are included in the list which, like the latter, are still popular garden favourites, as Epidendrum witellinum majus, offered at 40 to 75 francs. A few names are unfamiliar, for example Oncidium Candelabrum, priced cat 60 to 100 francs, but a reference to the 1855 Catalogue shows that the plant is Odontoglossum coronarium. Here we find Ada aurantiaca Lindl., offered as a new and remarkable novelty, near Bletia and Miltonia, with flowers like Epidendrum vitellinum in colour, at 50 to 75 francs each ; ‘Odontoglossum gloriosum, described as having flowers twice as large as O. nevium, and borne in a panicle of 30 or 40 together, at 100 to 200 francs, and O. triumphans, another striking novelty, at the same price. All three were from New Granda, where M. Linden then had a collector, and their introduction may almost be said to have commenced the epoch of ~ what has been termed Cool Orchid growing. These old catalogues afford a very interesting glimpse of what must have been the condition of our collections when Calanthe Dominyi, the first hybrid Orchid raised by hand, burst upon the scene, and initiated another revolution in Orchid culture. | EPIDENDRUM PENTOTIS.—When the history of this fine Epidendrum was given, about six years ago (O.R:, xvi. p. 18g), a discrepancy in 8 habitat was pointed out, the locality originally recorded being Minas Geraes, Brazil, while that of E. fragrans var. megalanthum, now regarded as synonymous, was said to be Guatemala. The evidence of a dried native ‘specimen is now available, for a plant collected at Santa Rosa, Guatemala, at about 1800 feet elevation, by J. Donnell Smith, and distributed under the name of E. fragrans, proves identical. It is n. 3499 of the collectio™ and confirms the habitat given by Lindley. This gives the additional ‘synonym, E. fragrans, J. D. Smith, Enum. Pl. Guat., vil. p- 39 (act : Swartz). Assuming the identification to be correct, and the evident? ‘seems ample, the Brazilian habitat requires confirmation. The species - ‘recently flowered well at Kew.—R.A.R. P e at EPIDENDRUM O’BRIENIANUM TRUE FROM SEED.--Since our not ‘page 108 was written an earlier record of Epidendrum O’Brienianum ‘coming true from seed has been found, though the occurrence sor ty have been. accidental. Among Orchids that are occasionally cle gamous, Messrs. James Veitch & Sons include Epidendrum O’Brienianu™ (Man. Orch., x. p. 77), and add that ‘seedlings have been raised from the capsules so produced, and the resulting progenies have conform Strictly to the parent plants.”—R.A.R. SEPTEMBER, [9 4,| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 281 (| RHYNCHOSTYLIS GUTTATA. ES] T has long been evident that Reichenbach’s reduction of all the forms of Rhynchostylis, with the exception of R. gurwalica, to forms ofa single species, with a distribution from North India and Ceylon to Java and the Philippines, was too sweeping, and that a revision must some day be attempted. His inclusion of Saccolabium violaceum in the genus was a further extension that need not trouble us, as this plant does not agree in structure, but he subsequently described two additional species having the typical Rhynchostylis structure, under the names of Saccolabium littorale and S. Berkeleyi, which adds a further complication. How many of these Fig. 33. RHYNCHOSTYLIS GUTTATA. forms will ultimately prove distinct is uncertain, but there is one of them that has long been known in gardens as Saccolabium guttatum, Lindl., which Reichenbach himself at an earlier date called Rhynchostylis paar (Bonplandia, 1854, p. 93). To it has been referred a plant which has just flowered in the collection of Lieut. Robert D. R. Troup, Wembdon, Bridgwater, and which he collected between the Pindari Glacier and Naina Tal, in the North-West Provinces of India. It quite agrees with the North-western plant which bears this name, and also with the form figured in the Orchids of the Sikkim Himalaya by King and Pantling, under the name of Rhynchostylis retusa, these authors following Reichenbach in referring all as forms of one very variable species. It may be interesting fo 282 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (SEPTEMBER, 1914 reproduce a figure of a fine specimen which flowered some years ago in the collection of Dr. R. T. Jessop, Roundway Mount, Leeds, and gained the First prize for a specimen Orchid at the Leeds Show in 1897. When thus grown the species is very handsome. RHYNCHOSTYLIS RETUSA.—The mention of Rhynchostylis retusa would naturally recall a Javan plant, but on referring to the original description (Blume, Bydr., p. 286) we find it was based on Aérides retusum, Swartz, and this on the original Epidendrum retusum of Linnzeus (Sp. Plant., ed. 1. P- 953). Linnzus himself based the species on an old figure in Rheede’s Hortus Malabaricus (xii. p. 1. t. 1), bearing the name “ Angeli maravara,” this being a large drawing of a plant bearing two spikes of fruit, and two of flowers with the unmistakable Rhynchostylis structure, and thus we are able to fix Rhynchostylis retusa down to the South Indian plant, of which good dried specimens are known. A graphic account of this Malabar plant was given in an article by “ J.L.,” which appeared in The Garden in 1890 (xxxvili. p. 607), from which the following is condensed :— In its original habitat of Malabar the species mostly affects the jungle and marshy banks of sluggishly-flowing rivers, thick with trees of low stature and thorny undergrowth, composed of Solanum ferox, spify Acacias, and other wait-a-bit Thorns, where croak innumerable frogs, speaking eloquently of malaria, ague, and fever, and where crawls the deadly cobra, and where other reptiles and insects of strange appearance are abundant. In the midst of such surroundings, pendant from the branches of trees, may be seen the charming blooms of the Saccolabium, spreading a fragrance around which compels the explorer to linger in the locality, even at the risk of subsequent attacks of jungle fever. Curiously enough, the plants are never found in groups, but singly, with long distances between the individual plants. The altitude is about 25°? to 3000 feet. The plants come into flower during September and October, or immediately after the south-west monsoon rains cease, and from that date till the first spring showers fall, in March or April, these epiphytes enjoy a complete rest. They are throughout nearly the whole of this period of rest protected from the east. winds which prevail for so many mop ths, and they are under the influence of dense fogs during the night and early morning. During the prevalence of the south-west monsoon, which 1 their growing season, the temperature rarely falls below 70° Fahr-, thst is when the sky is cloudy and the rain is pouring in torrents, perhaps . three or four weeks at a time. From the end of October till the end 0 April, the season of rest, the thermometer frequently falls in the night 4 early morning to 48° Fahr., so that the range of temperature under whi they live in Southern India is considerable. SEPTEMBER, 1914 | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 283. OME interesting details respecting Madagascar Orchids are given by the Rev. W. Ellis in his work entitled ‘“‘ Three Visits to Madagascar,” published in 1858, and the following appears under the heading “ Singular localities of Angreecums ” (pp. 177-179), accompanied by a woodcut. Mr, Ellis was the discoverer of Angraecum Ellisii, a species which was named in his honour by Reichenbach. Orchids were abundant, and often occupied positions in which the growers of these plants in England would little expect to find them, but in which they gave an indescribable singularity and charm to the landscape. The Limodorums were numerous in parts of the road, and formed quite a ball of interlaced roots at the base of the bulbs. A small species, resembling in habit and growth the Camarotis purpurea, but quite unknown to me, and bearing a vast profusion of white and sulphur-tinted flowers, often enlivened the sides of the road along which we passed. But the Angreecums, both A. superbum and A. sesquipedale, were the most abundant and beautiful. I noticed that they grew most plentifully on trees of thinnest foliage, and that the A. sesquipedale was seldom, if ever, seen on the ground, but grew high up amongst the branches, often throwing out long straggling stems terminating in a few small, and often apparently shrivelled leaves. The roots also partook of the same habit. They were seldom branched or spreading, but long, tough, and single, sometimes running down the branch or trunk of a tree, between the fissures in the rough bark, to the length of twelve or fifteen feet, and so tough and tenacious that it required considerable force to detach or break them. Many of them were in flower, and, notwithstanding the small, shrivelled appearance of the leaves, the flowers were large, and the yellow colour strongly marked. On More than one occasion I saw a splendid Angraecum sesquipedale growing On the trunk of a decaying or fallen tree, and sending its tough roots down the trunk to the moist parts of the vegetation on the ground. I found one decayed tree lying on the ground almost overgrown with grass and ferns, On the rotten trunk of which the A. sesquipedale was growing most luxuriantly, The root; which had penetrated the soft trunk of this dead tree were white and fleshy, while the leaves were longer and comparatively Soft and green. There were neither flowers nor flower-stalks on any of the Plants growing in the rich vegetable mould furnished by this old dead tree. The habits of the A. superbum were quite different. Of these the fleshy foots formed a sort of network at the base of the bulb. During the neared I Continually noticed both kinds growing not only on the branches of living trees, but very often high up on the bare barked trunks of the dead trees. ANGR/ECUMS IN MADAGASCAR. 284 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914, Sometimes in the angle formed by the junction ‘of an arm: with the trunk of a large naked tree, apparently without a fragment of bark adhering to the trunk, a bunch of moss, or a cluster of Orchids, or both mingled together, ‘would be growing, apparently with great vigour, and often in full flower. More than one tall bare trunk, twelve or eighteen inches in diameter, and thirty feet high, stood surmounted, or surrounded, near its summit bya ig. 34. ANGRAECUM SESQUIPEDALE. ere , : : : : pecs 2 (For the introduction of the remarkable Orchid, whose habitat is here described, ¥ : ; r . oe ay : : shose are indebted to the Rev. W. Ellis, missionary and historian of Madagascar, In who garden at Hcddesdon it flowered, for the first time in Europe, in the spring of 1857-) cluster of Angrecums, with their long, sword-shaped, fleshy leaves, or, what was more beautiful still, a fine specimen of some species of bird’s-nest fern. The contrast between the white. shining, barkless trunk, and thes? verdant clusters of plants on the top, was sometimes very striking» SEPTEMBER, 1914.} THE ORCHID WEVIEW. . 285: especially as the Orchids were often in flower, and by their growth altogether suggested the idea that by the decay of their own roots a receptacle was formed for the moisture or the rain by which the plant was. nourished. This combination of life and death, growth and decay, presented one of the most singular amongst the many, to me, new and. curious aspects of nature which my journey afforded. a By C. ALWyNn HaRkIsON. “HIS month our attention is turned to preparing for the coming winter, by carefully going over each plant and thoroughly cleansing it, scrubbing staging, and generally seeing that everything is in order. Now: that the sun is losing some of its power less shading will be needed ; the: liquid shading should be washed off the glass, for the blinds will henceforth: afford all protection that is necessary. In re-staging the plants, place all: that are in bud and in active growth at the warmest end of the house,.- reserving the cooler end for those in a state of repose. Now that light and air are such vital adjuncts to success, each plant: should be so placed that there is ample room for a free circulation of air,. and so that the leading growth can easily be watched. Watering and ventilation will now demand much care, and damping” must be performed in the morning and evening, and, if bright weather still Prevail, also at midday, whilst the plants will still gain much benefit by a spray with rain. water over their leaves, especially about 5 p.m., before’ the blinds are raised. The present season has been very suitable for plants of the Cattleya group, as we have had much sunny weather, and later on such varieties as C. labiata,. C. Bowringiana, C. Trianze and their hybrids should give a wealth of Ower. Be careful to see that these are kept well supplied with water, to enable them to finish making up their bulbs. Such Cattleyas as C. gigas, C. aurea, and the wonderful C. Hardyana are now at rest, and should be §lven water with caution, as also Stanhopeas and other summer-flowering damping the path once or | THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. Orchids, ‘From personal experience I find that twice a week with weak liquid manure water is very efficacious. Dendrobiums are now rapidly finishing their bulbs, and, until quite “ompleted, need an abundance of heat and moisture, but afterwards must Siven a cooler rest, and for this a vinery is most effective. D. formosum, D. Dalhousieanum, and D. Phalenopsis do not, however, require this, and Should be kept at all seasons in the warmest end of the Cattleya house, OF they are likely to suffer. 286 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914 | [Feces ORCHIDS AT KEW. Ral @EVERAL interesting rarities have recently flowered at Kew, respecting which a few notes may be interesting. A plant of the Malayan Arachnanthe moschifera has produced a raceme of five flowers, which are -yellowish green, barred with brown, and have been compared to some great spider in shape, a resemblance to which it owes its name of Spider Orchid. Another rarity is Stauropsis gigantea, which is bearing a spike of its very fleshy yellow flowers spotted with brown. Near by a number of plants of ‘Phalznopsis Esmeralda are making a fine show. They were received some time ago, and are now becoming established. Cycnoches pentadactylon is this time bearing a female flower, which is green with some brown bars on the base of the segments, and the remarkable C. Egertonianum bears 4 ‘raceme of the purple males. It is only occasionally that the green females _are borne at the same time. Catasetum Darwinianum has again bloomed ‘well, all the flowers being males, as has also been the case with several other species that have bloomed. The proportion of female flowers oe cultivated plants hardly reaches five per cent., but it may be greater In ‘their native homes, where the plants are probably more vigorous: Stanhopea ecornuta is rarely seen in collections, and several of the -commoner species have bloomed well. The very distinct Cattleya elongata shas produced a single flower, the plant not being very strong, but C. velutina and C. Grossii have flowered and bloomed well, and several of the -commoner species, with Lelia crispa and Dayana, and numerous hybrids -are at the present time producing a profusion of flowers. A very dainty little plant is the Bornean Liparis lacerata, a plant of which has produced two long racemes of its reddish orange flowers, with heavily fringed lips. ODONTONIA MAGALI-SANDER VAR. XANTHOTES.—An inflorescence of a -very charming little hybrid has been sent from the collection of O. 0: Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, by Mr. Rogers. It was obtained from Miltonia Warscewiczii xanthina crossed with the pollen of Odontoglossu™ -armainvillierense xanthotes, and has well retained the albinism of both parents. A hybrid between the typical forms of M. Warscewiczii and 0. armainvillierense was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons at the R.HS: Holland House Show in 1913, as Odontonia Magali-Sander (O.R., xX Pr 244), and the present one must be regarded as the albino variety of the “same. It has retained most of the shape of the Miltonia parent, and ~very undulate cream white flowers with some deep yellow bars 0? sepals and petals, while the lip is ample, and the crest deep yellow, -some lighter yellow markings in front. with SEPTEMBER, 191 4-| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 287 igs EETINGS of the Royal Horticultural Society are announced to be held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on September 8th and 22nd. The August meetings had to be abandoned because the Hall was required by the War Office, but a communication from the Secretary states that Fellows can be confidently promised that the meeting for September 8th will be held as arranged. The Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. |2 2 | The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 24th. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the inspection of members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m. The last issue of the Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society contains an article by the Rev. Prof. G. Henslow, M.A., V.M.H., on “ Evolution by Degeneration,” a process which is described as simply the result of self- adaptation to new conditions of life. We find a reference to Saprophytism in Orchids, examples being given in the bird’s-nest Orchis (Neottia Nidus- avis), and the rare Coral-root Orchis (Corallorhiza innata), in which the leaves are represented by white or somewhat coloured scales. Orchids have not received much attention in the Notes and Abstracts. Flowers of an interesting hybrid, derived from Cattleya Gaskelliana crossed with the pollen of C. Atalanta, have been sent from the collection of Dr. Hans Goldschmidt, of Essen-Ruhr, Germany. The cross was made in August, 1907, and the seedlings began to bloom in 1913. Dr. Goldschmidt remarks that they include plants with a lip resembling C. Gaskell shape, and others resembling C. Leopoldii, so that the case is fairly with that of C. Sybil, seven forms of which are figured at page 265. - Atalanta is a secondary hybrid between C. Leopoldii and C. Warscewiczil. The flower sent recalls C. Atalanta in general character, having bright rose sepals and petals, and the lip strongly three-lobed, with ample side lobes and the front lobe deep crimson-purple. iana in parallel Liparis NANA, Rolfe-—We are informed tha Annamese species, of which a note was giveu at page 25! of our last Volume, appeared in the establishment of Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate. The Omission was, of course, accidental, for the information was not given with the specimen. t this curious little 288 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [SEPTEMBER, 1914. > ORCHID PORTRAITS. 6 ATTLEYA ASTRON.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p. 611, fig. CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII ALBA FIRMIN LAMBEAU.—G.M -) 10%4 p- 640, fig. ; CATTLEYA WARSCEWICZII.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 109, fig. CYPRIPEDIUM SHILLIANUM.— Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 108, fig. L&LIA ANCEPS CHAMBERLAINIANA.—Orch. World, iv. p- 246, fig. L#ELIOCATTLEYA CANHAMIANA.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p. 673, fig. L&LIOCATTLEYA Miss Louisa Fow.Ler.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ll. p. 115, fig. 49. MASDEVALLIA SHUTTRYANA.—Orch. World, iv. p- 245, fig. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA La@Lia SAaNpDER.—Gard. Chron., IgI4, il. p- 162, Suppl. ODONTONIA CHARLESWORTHII.—Orch. World, iv. p. 251, fig.; Gard. Chron., 1914, il. p. 107, fig. 45. ODONTONIA CLEVERLEYANA.—Orch. World, iv. p. 250, fig. ONCIDIUM CORYNEPHORUM.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. p. 100, fig. 43- Oncip1uM LEoPOLDIANUM.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. p. 99, fig. 42+ SPECIES OR HYBRIDS.—We have been asked whether there is Be absolute test between species and hybrids. We must answer, No. Hybrids often exhibit certain degrees of sterility, but this seems less common among Orchids than in many other plants. A completely fertile hybrid whose origin was unknown would pass as a true species, and no doubt often haf done so. The late Mr. Borrer once wrote: “If hybrids . . . are so easily produced, so often fertile, and so capable of perpetuating their own forms as the report of the experiments of . . . seem to prove, the gift of scientific divination is indeed needful for determining the species and their products. | —Sm. & Sowerb. Engl. Bot., Suppl. v. sub. t. 2961, 2962. | . 5 ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. g 9 . . m be ‘ requested to give the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard special a sent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be used). Subjects of tnterest will be dealt with in the bod w -W.B A.C.—We will report later, Received with thanks.—H.G., E.R., H, & Co. se this! as Our readers will not fail to notice the absence of any report of Exhibitions from pork number. The R.H.S. meetings had to be abandoned, as explained overleaf, and ge has of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society's meeting on August 130 "” OE 56 : —==ye oO VoL. XXII. OCTOBER, 1914. No. aa ir WMV OLED ALLE WRASAVAVIASA AW SAA REVIEW Edited by R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. CONTENTS: PAGE PAGE Amateur’s Collection . ..- 3%4 | ‘Schombocattleya spiralis... at oe Answers to Correspondents .. ... 320 | Spiranthes gracilis ... — -.. 313 Bulbophyllum elatius .. 298 | Societies 307 Bulbophyllum ‘ignite - es —— and North of England Calendar of Operations for October 299 312 Catasetum splendens 316 Royal Horticultural = Ga oe Cattleya guttata ; ... 318 | Zygopetalum Prainianum ... « 3 Cattleya Leo ba . oe pattleya, Sybil var. Lord Kitchener 297 Pidendrum porpax ... «-. --- 318 ILLUSTRATIONS. abenarias, A grou of ss sae : Hemipilia ameth 317 | Cattleya Sybil var. Lord Kitchener = 297 Joseph Chamberain “s Memoriam 295 | Habenariacarnea_... oe eee 305 Orchid Notes an 319 | Habenaria militaris ... -.- + 305 Orchid raits : 2s ee i ov 35 Orchids from Penarth - ... as Ry bocattleya spiralis -- 304 Our Note Book a sts ... 289 | Spiranthes gracilis 313 KEW: FRANK LESLIE & Co., 12, LAWN CRESCENT, London Agents : MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47, Paternoster Row, PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. POST FREE, 7/- PER ANNUM (overteat.) [All vights reserved.) E.C. NOTICES The ORCHID REVIEW is published reguiarly at the weaiese of each month, price 6d. net. Annual agape post free, 7/-, payable in adva Volumes I. to XXI. can supplied unbound at 6/-, or baud in cloth, 7/6, postage extra.—Cost of postage: book post, od. per volume; parcel post within. the United Kingdom only, 5d. per single volume leciies by weight). 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O 2 6 Half column or quarter hide gO 18,0 Per line afte we ea OO ea ne column or half pag ae ee ene mcihnaaee: 2 O&O Whole pate 4. 3 oe 2.6.9 Quarter column or eighth page Ye 6 aay game 8 The Editor invites communications on interesting subjects (which should be written on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of rarities Advertisements and late news should be received not later than the 24th of the month. eee eee mre amen cia LATH ROLLER BLINDS itr ry aM EESS Showixc BLINDS BEL‘ W VENTILATORS. of the As Supplied by us to the Royal Gardens, Kew, Botanic Gardens, Dublin, and most . above the with the laths ang with _ yin = with the rafters, as required. They can also be raised effect 18 i upon neat Peon: so as to allo ool current of a Be pass rea the glass, thus increasing their : eepi ng ‘the house : . These Blinds are practically imperishable ; act as a pr uun's direct 147° ~ t : admit light while ae 8 s P ‘on tod. Representat ‘ $4 ‘A tat wb Z Be i Re eee eS i 7F ef ? i MORTIGULTORAL SHADINGS, SCRIMS, TIFFANY. and Best French P PINOLEU a several grades. Samples and prices on applicat elephone WALTERS & CO., AMBERLEY WORKE, CROYDON. reas CONDO OF a eo) 4 The Orchid Review S 4) VoL. XXIL Ocroser, 1914. No. 262. fo ae (2 ces OUR NOTE pook. [Aaw| Mae a lapse of six weeks the Royal Horticultural Society was able to resume its fortnightly. meetings, and the first September Show was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, though not under quite normal conditions. But shortly afterwards the Society was again dispossessed by the War Office, and hurried notices were sent out that the next meeting would be held at the Central Hall, Westminster, the site of the old Westminster Aquarium. At this meeting there was again a good Show, and Orchids were well represented, but it might have been one of the dullest days in November so far as the light was concerned. One descended a flight of stairs into a subterranean hall, spacious enough, it is true, and lighted by electricity, but it was a poor substitute for daylight, and in some cases it was almost impossible to judge the true colours of the flowers, especially the yellows, though the shades of crimson and. purple come out well under artificial light, and these colours are always well represented in the Cattleya group, which now figures 50 largely in Orchid exhibitions. The sudden changing of the venue had also a marked influence 0a the attendance, and altogether the meeting was held under depressing Conditions. As to the future, we have no information at the moment of Writing, beyond the fact that two meetings are announced to be held at the Royal Horticultural Hall during October, and under normal conditions a brilliant show of Orchids might be anticipated. (See page 319)- At the first September meeting a very handsome hybrid, exhibited by Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, under the name of Cattleya Sybil var. Lord Kitchener, obtained a First-class Certificate. It was derived from C. Dowiana aurea X C. iridescens, and it came out of the same batch as the big very diverse forms that were figured at page 265, when the history of the cross was given. This handsome thing is figured at page 297- Three other forms were exhibited at the following meeting, all showing strongly the C, bicolor influence, though in two cases the sepals and petals were 289 290 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1914, bronzy yellow, like the one certificated, the other being purple. The variation is remarkable, and there are several forms of great promise, for it must be remembered that the seedlings are only producing their first flowers, and consequently are not yet fully developed. The series of figures is interesting in connection with the claim recently made that new species arise by crossing, and if the validity of the claim were admitted—which it is not—it would be an interesting subject for speculation as to precisely how many new “species” such a batch of seedlings might contain. But the fact is there is no parallelism between these hybrid segregates and species as they occur in nature, indeed hybrid segregates frequently do occur in nature where allied species grow intermixed, but to regard them as identical with the forms from which they arise is not only to ignore their origin, but to lose all sense of proportion. Such a view has been very well described as “ grotesque.” The remark was made in a Presidential Address by Prof. Arthur Dendy which opened the Proceedings of the Section of Zoology at the recent meeting of the British Association at Melbourne, which in a sense may be regarded as a reply to the Address we commented on last month. In the main it dealt with general principles, and thus is as applicable to the evolution of Orchids as to that of any other group of organisms. Inde Prof. Dendy emphasised the fact that one might begin anywhere and trace the course of organic evolution. A brief outline of the argument will certainly be interesting to Orchidists. : At the outset Prof. Dendy alluded to early views on Evolution, which found little acceptance until Darwin elaborated a logical explanation of the way in which it might be supposed to have taken place. The doctrine ot Organic Evolution was now unassailable, and the only remaining serious difference of opinion was as to the way it had been brought about, whether by individual response to a changing environment, by the selection of favourable variations, by mutations, or by crossing, and probably there '§ an element of truth in all of them. There is unmistakable evidence that Evolution has been progressive, and on definite and divergent lines; he organisms are more or less precisely adapted to the conditions under which they have to live, and that the result has been the origination of a vast number of well-defined groups which we call “ species.” The first was the most fundamental, and the accumulation of potential energy might be regarded as the cause of progress. Each generation accumulates more energy than it requires for its own maintenance, and there is reaso® fo believe that this has been progressive throughout the whole coursé . OcTOBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 291 evolution. Even the lowest organisms learn by experience how to make effective response to environment stimuli, and some modification of the protoplasm must take place which renders the act easier with practice. Every cell takes in a certain amount of potential energy in the form of food for its own use, and there is usually something to be handed on to its descendents. The principle may be expressed as a Law of the accumulation of surplus energy. Given an accumulation of surplus energy progressive evolution must follow. The egg cell might be regarded as an accumulation of surplus energy, and thus it was possible to avoid the troublesome question of the inheritance of acquired characters. Slow successive variation is not chance variation, but is due to fundamental properties of living protoplasm, and is necessarily cumulative. The recapitulation of phylogenetic history in the individual is a logical necessity if evolution has taken place, for even the higher organisms start with the cell. The cell divides and the daughter cells may remain in union and forma colony. Succeeding cells no longer remain all alike, but become differentiated into two groups, which we call Somatic cells and germ cells. Evolution is a continuous process, but with the introduction of the sexual process it became broken up into a series of ontogenies, at the close of which the organism has to go back and make a fresh start in the unicellular condition—the somatic cells become exhausted in their conflict with the environment and perish, leaving the germ cells to take up the running. The latter take no part in the struggle for existence to which the body is exposed. They simply multiply and absorb nutriment under the protection of the body, and therefore retain their potential energy unimpaired. Under suitable~ Conditions—i.e., if exposed to the pfoper environmental stimuli—these give tise to new organisms like those from which they originated. One necessary condition is the union of the germ cells in pairs to form Zygotes or fertilised ova. But the sexual process might be left out of Consideration, for organic evolution must have taken place if no such event a8 amphimixis had ever occurred. The behaviour of an organism at any moment depends on two sets of factors, the nature of its own constitution On the one hand, and the nature of its environment on the other. Throughout the whole course of ontogeny an organism must repeat with approximate accuracy stages passed through by its ancestors; at every Stage it does what its ancestors did under like conditions. An organism inherits two things, a certain amount of protaplasm loaded with potential energy, and an approximate environment, and one is useless 292 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (OcToBER, 1914. without the other. The inheritance of environment is as important as the inheritance of material, the latter indeed only being inherited to a small extent, for nearly the whole of the adult is captured from the environment and assimilated during ontogeny. In this view the difference between somatogenic and blastogenic characters disappears, for all are acquired afresh in each generation as the result of response to environmental stimuli during development. There is therefore no need to think of germ cells as bearers of hereditary characters. Response is purposive to a great extent, and results in changes of bodily structure, these being adaptive and following definite lines. The whole process of evolution depends on changes of environ- ment so gradual that the necessary self-adjustment is possible at every stage, for with great or rapid changes development would cease altogether. Prof. Dendy next gave a long and very interesting account of the germ plasm itself, and the gradually increasing complexity of structure intro- duced by the periodically recurring union of germ cells in pairs through the sexual process—the amphimixis of Weismann—and remarked on the opportunity it afforded for the introduction of diverse characters from different lines of descent through hybridisation. He also admitted that many new and apparently permanent combinations of character might arise by hybridisation, and that the organisms thus produced might have all the attributes of what we call distinct species, but that did not justify us in accepting the grotesque view that all species have arisen by crossing, oF even that the organism is entirely built up of separately transmissible “‘unit-characters.” Bateson tells us that ‘‘ Baur has, for example, crossed species as unlike as Antirrhinum majus and molle, forms differing from each other in almost every feature of organisation.” But surely the latter part of the statement cannot be correct, for after all both the parents are snapdragons and have all the essential characters of snapdragons. It is a most significant fact that the only characters that appear to be inherited in. Mendelian fashion are comparatively trivial features of the organism that must have arisen during the last stages of phylogeny. This is necessarily the case, for any species that are sufficiently nearly related to cross are identical as regards the vast majority of their characters. It 1s only those few in which they differ that remain to be experimented upom and even some of these appear to be non-adaptive, having no obvious relation to the environment and no particular value in the struggle i existence. They are clearly what Weismann calls blastogenic characters originating in the germ plasm, and probably identical with the mutations of De Vriese. OcrosBer, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293 An inquiry as to whether Mendelian results are in any way inconsistent with the general theory of evolution outlined in this address was to revive the old dispute between epigenesis and preformation. The theory of evolution here put forward is epigenetic, but the theory of unit-characters is a theory of preformation, as is also the conception of definite organ-forming substances in the cytoplasm, but the latter were in no way incompatible with a fundamental epigenesis. It is possible to conceive a complex organism as inheriting but a minute speck of protoplasm, endowed with potential energy, from its parents, and a sequence of suitable environments, the interaction between the two bringing about a similar result in each successive generation, with a slow progressive evolution due to the operation of the law of the accumulation of surplus energy. If any of the conditions changed, the results, as manifested in the organisation of the adult, must undergo a corresponding modification. In the case of hybridisation the organism into which the zygote develops must be a composite body, deriving its blastogenic characters from different sources, but this cannot affect its fundamental structure, for the two parents must have been alike in all essential respects or they could not have interbred, and any important difference in the germ plasm must be confined to the factors of the differential characters. The fundamental character still develops epigenetically on the basis of an essentially similar germ plasm, and under essentially similar conditions to those of the two parents, and there is no reason to suppose that special ‘‘ factors” have anything to do with it. One of the most remarkable things about organic evolution is that it tesults in the adaptation of an organism to its environment, and for this mutation and hybridisation fail to account. Natural selection has been called in to get over the difficulty—favourable variations hand on their advantages to their offspring—but something more is wanted, and it can be found in the direct response of the organism to its environmental stimuli at all Stages of its development, whereby individual adaptation is secured, and this tends to be progressive. Natural selection is no doubt an important factor, but functional selection by the organism itself is still more so. he organism secures from all its over-produced movements those that are adaptive and beneficial. Natural selection is replaced by intelligent selec- Mon, for all purposive reaction is essentially intelligent. _ That much-abused philosopher, Lamarck, was not far out when he Said, “ The production of a new organ in an animal body results from a new requirement which continues to make itself felt, and from a new 294 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1914. movement which this requirement begets and maintains.” This is only another way of saying that the individual makes adaptive responses to environmental stimuli. Where so many people fall foul of Lamarck is with regard to his belief in the inheritance of acquired characters, but in this he did not refer to such modifications as mutilations, but merely to the gradual self-adjustment of the organism to its environment. The objection that such adjustment will only be preserved so long as the environmental stimuli by which it was called forth continues to act is invalid, for this is exactly what happens in evolution. The sine qua non of development is the proper maintenance of the appropriate environment, both internal and external. Natural selection sees to it that the proper conditions are maintained within very narrow limits. A good deal of the confusion that has arisen with regard to the question of the inheritance of acquired characters is due to the quite unjustifiable limitation of the idea of inheritance to which we have accustomed our- selves. The inheritance of the environment is just as important as that of the material foundation of the body, and whether or not a newly acquired character will be inherited must depend upon whether or not the conditions under which it arose are inherited. According to the epigenetic view, the whole fundamental structure of the body must be due to the gradual accumulation of characters that arise as the result of the reaction of the organism to its environment, and are therefore somatogenic in the first instance. Blastogenic characters which actually arise in the germ-cells appear to be of quite secondary importance. There remains the question of how organic evolution has led to the formation of those more or less well-marked groups of organisms which ” call species. A little reflection will convince us that the origin of species ® a different problem from that of the cause of organic evolution, but we c4" scarcely doubt that Darwin was right in attributing prime importancé to divergent evolution and the disappearance of connecting links. It may be urged that inasmuch as different species are often found living side by side under identical conditions the differences cannot have arisen in this way, but we may be certain that these species have not always lived under identical conditions. Species may clearly arise by divergent evolution under changed condi: tions of environment, and may become separated from one another by t ; extinction of intermediate forms. We cannot explain all the caus F difference. We can only say that in the course of its evolution ae organism acquires an individuality, or wholeness, of its own, and that on? Spee ep eala eT ame U eter de a nice rine at fa OcToBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 295 the fundamental properties of living organisms is to maintain that in- dividuality. Itis just this power of directing chemical and physical processes that distinguishes a living organism from an inanimate object. This is necessarily a greatly condensed summary, but we have en- deavoured to follow the argument as closely as possible, and we take the opportunity of thanking Prof. Dendy for his lucid address. It is refreshing to find so vigorous an exposition, and one that marches so well with the facts as we know them. They are as applicable to the evolution and development of Orchids as to the subject which Prof. Dendy had more particularly in view, and some of them have already been emphasised in our pages in discussing the significance of the Mendelian phenomena, and its bearing on evolution and progressive development. Prof. Dendy would probably accept the interpretation that ‘‘ Species originate, increase and multiply, and diffuse themselves from their original birthplace, so far as climatal and other barriers permit. And in gradually extending their area they come under the influence of changed conditions, and, being plastic, they respond to the environment, and, variation result- ing, ultimately give rise to what are known as geographical races, by the survival of the variations best fitted to the new conditions. . . . The changes may be, and undoubtedly are, very gradual, but such evidence establishes the case for the existence of inheritable variability. | Crossing is undoubtedly a potent cause of variation, but to say that it is the sole cause 's only to ignore the evidence of geographical distribution.” oo . (es JOSEPH CHAMBERLAIN—IN MEMORIAM. ES Ti a aneateaepeenaeeteinn es HE last issue of the Kew Bulletin contains, under the above heading, an appreciative article by the late Director, Sir W. T. Thiselton- Dyer, in which Mr. Chamberlain’s love of gardening and his services to Kew, especially in securing the completion of the great Temperate House, are described. Kew, it is remarked, ‘owed to Mr. Chamberlain as to no other of our time, stimulus, encouragement and support. In his beautiful home at Highbury he found recreation in his garden from the labours of a ‘trenuous political life. It was not the mere indulgence of a man of means; with everything else it bore the impress of his own personality and Practical ingenuity. An extensive range of glass was incorporated with the Use ; no outside pilgrimage was needed to visit it. An ample winter §arden was qa pleasant meeting ground for the family and its guests. Out of this opened a corridor with houses on either hand. A button by the 296 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Ocroper, 1914 side of each plate-glass door illuminated at night the interior display. These may seem trivial details. They are not so: they brought Mr. Chamberlain’s favourite pursuits into the intimacy of his life. He took no exercise, nor did he find distraction in sports or games. Yet it was a fundamental principal with him that every man, however absorbed in the main pursuit of life, should find a hobby in something wholly remote from it. The physiological implication is sound; for distraction is rest, though not somnolent. Far from it. Mr. Chamberlain knew his plants; their origin and history were recorded in his garden books with his own hands. It may seem a paradox, but a man who could hold a vast meeting spell- bound was not less happy amongst his plants in a garden apron with a short Pipe.. Yet the secret is the same ; he was above all things human.” His love of gardening in a wholly unofficial way influenced his interest in Kew. Apart from its scientific aspects, it was the National Garden, and he was jealous that it should be up to the high-water mark of horticultural enterprise. He wanted the people to have the enjoyment at Kew of the best that a rich man could afford, and he helped personally to secure — this end. No such article could be written without a reference to Orchids, and with the following paragraph relating to them we may conclude :— “ Kew possesses a collection of Orchids which from a scientific point of view has no rival. It has been built up by the energy and cultural skill of the present Curator. Mr. Chamberlain thought that more concession should be made to popular taste in growing showy kinds of no more than horticultural attraction. Kew cannot afford to give a thousand guineas “ an Odontoglossum, nor can it be expected to reflect every whim of passing fashion. Mr. Chamberlain contributed Dendrobium hybrids, the result of crosses made by his own ‘hand. ' It must Have been a gratification to hee When in 1913 the munificence of Sir George Holford again realised his larger aim, and the Kew Orchids can now equally appeal to the eye and to the intellect. It must not be supposed that in such matters his own taste was otherwise than refined and catholic. He had a wide knowledge of cultivated species. His “button-hole’ was no affectation, but a note of affection for the plants from which official life kept him aloof. One night in the House of Commons the late Lord Avebury, then Sir John Lubbock, also appeared with an Orchid in his button-hole. Mr. Chamberlain @ once pounced upon it as something unknown to him. It was our eee Butterfly Orchid which Sir John had gathered that morning in his hile : at High Elms. It is not trivial to touch on these matters. In drawing : portrait the small touches are at least as significant as the large ee Mr. Chamberlain’s aim was throughout consistent; he desired that vei splendour of a garden should not be the privilege only of the rich.” OcroveR, 1914.} THE ORCHID REVIEW. 297 v, CATTLEYA SYBIL VAR. LORD KITCHENER. | SERIES of several forms of the very variable Cattleya Sybil (Dowiana aurea X iridescens), were figured at p. 265 of our last issue, Fig 35. CaTTLEYA Sysit VAR. Lorp KITCHENER. 298 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcTOBER, 1914. and now by the courtesy of the Gardeners’ Magazine we are able to give an illustration of the handsome var. Lord Kitchener, which received a First- class Certificate from the R.H.S. on September 8th. The flower is of good shape and substance, and combines the best characteristics of its parents. It most approaches C. iridescens in the shape of the lip, a character derived from the grandparent C. bicolor, but in other respects is nearer to C. Dowiana, especially in the broad petals. The sepals and petals are dark bronzy yellow in colour, and the front of the lip is intense purple-crimson, while the broad isthmus is- deep yellow, and the auriculate side lobes, which are shorter than the white column, are bronzy yellow. The plant was only producing its first flower, and should develop into a magnificent thing when the plant becomes stronger. It is interesting to be able to compare it with others of the same batch, and Messrs. Hassall must be congratulated on the production of so handsome a variety. At the following meeting three other promising forms were exhibited, all of the bicolor type, and one of them with the flower having rose-purple sepals and petals and a much darker lip, while the other two had bronzy yellow sepals and petals and the front of the lip crimson. BULBOPHYLLUM ELATIUS.—A distinct and striking Bulbophyllum was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons at the R.H.S. meeting held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on September 8th last, which on comparison proves to be B. elatius, Ridl., a species apparently not previously in cultivation. It was described in 1896 (Journ. Linn. Soe., XXXl. p. 275), from dried specimens collected at Ulu Tawaran, Borneo, by Dr. Haviland (n. 1371) and at Aya mancior, in the Province of Padang, Western Sumatra, by Beccari (n. 559). Beccari n. 597, from the sane locality, also proves to be identical, and all are represented at Kew, while Ridley also cites a specimen collected at Sarawak by Bishop Hose. It belongs to the ebulbose set, and may be compared with B. apodum, Hook. f., a native of the Malay Peninsula, except that it is about twice as large. It has oblong, erect, leathery leaves, 9 to 12 inches long, and narrowed at the base into a stout petiole, 4 to 5 inches long, the leaves being borne direct from the stout rhizome without any pseudobulb, as in this section of the genus. The scapes are basal, about as long as the leaves, the uppet half consisting of a narrow spike, crowded with white flowers. Ridley compared it with B. odoratissimum, Lindl., but this has prominent pseudobulbs and short capitate heads of flowers, and belongs to quite another group, though in the individual flowers there is a certain amount © resemblance between the two. A plant from the same source is also flowering at Kew. It is probably one of Micholitz’s introductions from Western Sumatra.—R.A.R. OcTOBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 299 By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s ' CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER. | Hybridising Department. HADING.—By the time these lines appear in print all the canvas blinds can be safely dispensed with. A fine day should be chosen for their removal, and then they may be stored in a dry shed until next year. In the meantime any small repairs can be done. Where lath blinds are used they may remain, and will be a great help during cold and frosty weather. At this season it is much better to discontinue the use of blinds, and give a little extra ventilation to prevent the sun scorching the foliage. Cold winds ‘and direct currents of air passing over the plants must be guarded against. TEMPERATURES.—The following table should be adhered to as far as possible :— East Indian or Warm house: 65° to 70°. Cattleya house: 60° to 68°. Intermediate house: 58° to 62°. Odontoglossum or Cool house: 55° to 60°. Cypripedium house: 60° to 65°. Resting house : 55° to 60°. The maximum should be reached eat mid-day, and in the event of extreme weather a few degrees lower may be permitted. Excessive fire heat is always detrimental to plants, and Orchids are no exception. WATERING.—This is always an important factor in Orchid culture, and especially at this season. Water should now be afforded less frequently in every house, and most plants can be allowed to dry out a little before more water is given. Plants that are pushing up their flower scapes must not suffer from drought, and the same remark applies to those that are sowing, but any that have completed their season’s growth should have just enough to keep the pseudobulbs in a plump and rigid condition. DamPinc pown.—The amount of damping down to be done will depend upon the weather, the quantity of hot water pipes in the houses, and the Position of the structures. In some districts very little will be required, especially in the Thames Valley and similar places, but where the houses are well exposed more moisture will be needed. If the grower is fortunate enough to have charge of houses where the boiler power and number . Pipes are capable of meeting all demands, he is in a much better position, in regard to damping down, than the man with houses that are under- heated. Drip will have to be contended with where excessive damping down is done, and the loss of a few young growths is often the result. CLEANLINESs.—Now is a good opportunity to do any cleaning that may 300 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1914. be necessary. I donot believe in washing the foliage just for the sake of finding a job, neither do I agree with those who say that the leaves of Cattleyas ought to be sponged at intervals of a fortnight. Here again the district must be taken into consideration, and where collections are situated near large manufacturing towns the foliage will need sponging over more frequently than those in agricultural areas. There are several reliable insecticides advertised in this journal. A careful search must be made for insect pests such as scale, red spider, &c. PLANTS RE-STARTING INTO GROWTH.—In most collections a number of plants—more or less according to the season—re-start into growth alter they have completed their pseudobulbs. I have heard that some growers rub the young growths off, but this disastrous practice ought not to be followed. The best plan is, I think, to let them alone, but the plants may be moved to the warmest end of their respective houses, where this secondary growth will, as a rule, make good progress. Some, of course, will be small, but, generally speaking, the next bulb is up to the usual . standard. The Cattleya tribe are the worst offenders in this respect. CALANTHES.—Those belonging to the vestita section will soon finish their growth, and begin to push up their flower spikes. A light position should be selected, and the temperature kept as near as possible to 65°, but they ought not to be forced, as the flowers are of most value from Christmas onwards. Keep the atmosphere rather dry when the first bloom opess, and all damping between the pots should cease. Calanthes are excellent subjects from the decorative standpoint, and remain in full beauty for several weeks after being cut. PLANTS COMING INTO FLOWER.—There is no lack of flower at this season, and the Cypripediums will soon be making a bold display. Hybrids in which the genera Brassavola, Cattleya, and Lelia have participated will also give a good account of themselves, while the Brazilian Oncidiums such as O. varicosum Rogersii, O. Forbesii, and especially the pretty little O. cheirophorum will add their quota to the general display. The brilliant Sophronitis grandiflora will be flowering from the centre of the current growth, and the plants must be kept fairly moist at the base. Where 4 house is set apart for plants in bloom, the atmosphere, ventilation, and watering can be regulated so as to keep the flowers in a fresh condition for a longer period than could be obtained in their respective divisions. CyMBIDIUMS.—C. giganteum, C. Tracyanum, and several of the at hybrids which are quite a feature in some establishments, are NOW making up their pseudobulbs, and flower spikes may appear at any time. Ele “ that have not been disturbed in recent years, and are in consequence 1? a pot-bound condition, will derive a certain amount of benefit from alternale waterings of weak liquid manure. As stated in a previous issues ~ - OcTOBER, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. ae Cymbidiums are not fastidious concérning temperature, but any examples pushing up their flower scapes may be placed in the Cattleya house with advantage. None should be allowed to suffer from dryness at the root. Mittonia Roeztu.—This plant somewhat resembles M. vexillaria, except that the foliage is not so broad, but it does not prove so amenable to cultivation as that popular species. Its constitution is not so strong, and therefore will need a little more attention, especially after being repotted. Some of the plants will commence to grow at this season, and any repotting may be-done if such an operation is deemed necessary. The same kind of soil can be used as advised for M. vexillaria. A light positicn should be chosen either in the Cattleya house or at the warmest end of the Intermediate division, and water must be applied sparingly until well into the New Year. DIsA GRANDIFLORA should be repotted some time during the present month, and for general treatment, compost, &c., I would refer my readers to our August number. If any flowers have been fertilized, the seed pods will soon be matured, and directly they burst the seed must be sown. They will germinate if sown around an Odontoglossum, Cypripedium, or Disa, providing the surface is free from sphagnum moss or other growth that 1s likely to choke the seedlings. A suitable temperature is 60°, and on no account must the plants get dry. Ifthe seed is fertile, germination will take place in a few weeks, and when two tiny leaves are formed they can be pricked off into store pots. Keep the seedlings in an average temperature of 60°, pot on as root action increases, then the strongest will bloom in about two years from the time of sowing the seed. Thrip is most trouble- some, especially in the early stages of development, and it must be held in check either by dipping the seedlings or vapourising the division. I am told that the beautiful D. grandiflora is getting rather scarce in its native habitat, so it behoves growers to raise a batch of seedlings. A large Percentage will come true, in fact the proportion of really bad forms are Conspicuous by their absence. PHAL&Nopsis, VANDA, AERIDES, &c.— With the shorter days upon us, this group of bulbless Orchids will need less water, both at the root and in the atmosphere. When the tips of the roots are sealed over, the plants will only need water in sufficient quantities to prevent the leaves showing Signs of distress. All should be given a light position, and when the Phalaenopsis begin to produce spikes a little more water can be allowed. Slugs are extremely fond of the succulent leaves and spikes of this beautiful 8enus, and unless a sharp watch is kept fine plants are soon ruined. Lycastr SKinNERI.—Most of these are completing their season's Stowth, but any backward plants may be placed in a warmer house until the pseudobulbs are developed. Although they will thrive in the Cool 302 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (OcropEr, 1914. house, it is advisable to remove them to a drier structure during the winter months, to prevent the foliage from being disfigured with the spot disease. As the pseudobulbs mature the water supply should be reduced, and a temperature of 50° to 55° should be maintained. The other useful kinds of Lycaste, such as cruenta, aromatic, &c., require similar treatment. The various forms of L. Skinneri make a bold display, and ought to be in every amateur’s collection. SEEDLINGS.—These must be kept on the move, as better results are obtained if they never receive a check. They should not become pot- bound, and the surroundings must be kept tolerably moist, while freedom from all insect pests is essential. In this department repotting is continuous, at least where large quantities are raised. Members of the Cattleya tribe and Cypripediums are usually dealt with at the present time. The progress made during the winter months will depend very largely upon the houses. These should have a span roof, but not too lofty, and be built in an open space. Unfortunately, most of us have to be content with the houses already in existence, but even here we can make reasonable headway by staging the plants as near the glass as possible, and by keeping it clean both inside and out. Seed may still be sown, but after the end of this month it will be as well if a portion of the seed is stored in a dry place until the days begin to lengthen. | Vanpa KIMBALLIANA and the chaste V. Watsonii will soon develop their flower scapes, and until these are removed it will be necessary t0 keep the plants well supplied with water. When the flowering period is passed only sufficient moisture will be needed to maintain the leaves in 4 plump condition. CaTTLeyaA LEopotpi ALBA.—A very distinct and striking variety of Cattleya Leopoldii was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster, on September 8th last, by Messrs. Sander and Sons, St. Albans. It had light green sepals and petals, without the slightest trace of spots, and a pure white lip. In fact the light green colour of.the whole plant showed that it is a true albino. In other respects it agrees completely with the type. So far as we can ascertain nothing of the kind has been recorded before. A curious form which appeared with MM. A. A. Peeters, St. Gilles, Brussels, in 1896, was recorded by Reichenbach under the name of C. guttata Leopoldii immaculata (Gard. Chron., 1896, ii. p. 326), but that is said to have had mauve-brown sepals and petals without a vestige of spots, and a white lip, with the front lobes as well as the column, of the finest purple. It is therefore not an albino. Nothing further is known about it. The appearance of a true albino of the species is interesting, and the plant should be taken care of.—R.A.K- OcToBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 303 Feces | ORCHIDS FROM PENARTH. Aa LOWERS -of a number of interesting and beautiful Orchids, both f species and hybrids, are sent from the collection of J. J. Neale, Esq., of Penarth, by Mr. H. Haddon. Regarding the hybrids Mr.. Haddon remarks that thev were purchased when quite small plants, and have done well. One fine Cattleya spike bears as many as 13 flowers, the cross being C. Bowringiana X granulosa, and thus is a form of C. Hopkinsii (Orchid Stud-book, p. 262). The flowers are larger than in C. Bowringiana, and fairly intermediate in shape, the sepals and petals being bright rose-purple, and the lip strongly three-lobed, with ample white side lobes, and the front iobe rose-purple with darker veining. A spike of C. Browniz (Harrisoniana X Bowringiana), has nine flowers, most like the former in the lip, and .the latter in the sepals and petals. Good flowers of Cattleya granulosa and C. Itis are also enclosed. Another effective autumn-flowering hybrid is Laliocattleya Parysatis (C. Bowringiana X L. pumila), of which a four- flowered scape is sent, the colour being rose-purple, with the upper half of the lip dark purple. L.c. Edwena (L. purpurata X C. bicolor), is a large flower, with blush pink sepals and petals and a purple lip, the latter having along isthmus and small white basal auricles. L.c. Issy (L. tenebrosa X C. Leopoldii) and good forms of L.c. elegans are enclosed, also flowers of Brassocattleya Maroniz and B.-c. Marie. Among the species we may mention the remarkable Bulbophyllum standiflorum, which Mr. Haddon says grows very fast, but will not flower unless the young growths are broken off, and the plant kept very dry, after Which it soon makes fresh growth. We have not noticed any difficulty in flowering this species, and would suggest that another position be chosen for the plant rather than such unnatural treatment as breaking out the young growths. The beautiful Oncidium Lanceanum is said to grow well with the warm Cypripediums. The other species are Masdevallia peristeria and Barlzana, Epidendrum cochleatum, Rodriguezia fragrans, Dendrobium mutabile, Pleurothallis pulchella, and a good example of Cy cnoches chlorochilon. Mr. Neale has quite a representative collection of Orchids, an account of which was given at pp. 251-253 of our nineteenth volume, and the beautiful series of flowers sent affords evidence of good culture, and Me decorative value of hybrids of the Cattleya group, especially for autumn-flowering. Mr. Haddon has now three plants of Oncidium Lancea have been propagated from a single one, by cutting through the rhizome and causing it to break from the older portion. Two of these plants have flowered well, producing two spikes each. num, and these 304 THE ORCHID REVIEW. ‘OcropeR, 1914. a o HIS remarkable generic hybrid has recently flowered well at Kew. It was originally raised by M. Dallemagne, of Rambouillet, France, from Schomburgkia tibicinis ¢ and Cattleya Mossiz 3, and was exhibited at a meeting of the Sociétié Nationale d’Horticulture de France in August, 1903, when it received a First-class Certificate (Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. Fr., 1903, p. 534). The annexed figure represents one of the flowers, about two- thirds natural size, and it will be seen that it has retained the characters of SCHOMBOCATTLEYA SPIRALIS. Fig. 36. SCHOMBOCATTLEYA SPIRALIS. the seed-parent to a remarkable extent, though the size is about doubled. The segments are also more acuminate, and more or less twisted—I0 allusion to which the name is given—while the side lobes of the lip are less rounded and overlapping, and the front lobe greatly enlarged and separated from the side lobes by a broad isthmus. The sepals, petals, and front lobe of the lip are bright rose-purple, and the side lobes tipped with the same colour, while inside they are veined with dark purple on a light buff yellow ground. The disc is reddish-purple at the base and yellow in the hess : ] The plant also most resembles the Schomburgkia parent 1m genera character. OcropéR, 1914.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 305 Fates laeagres NO} CORY) ae A GROUP OF HABENARIAS. LG HE three beautiful Habenarias here depicted are not too frequently seen in good condition in gardens, but Habenaria Susanne, the specimen seen in the upper figure, was well shown by Messrs. Charles- worth & Co., Haywards Heath, at the R.H.S. meeting held on September 8th last, bearing a spike of six flowers. The group here figured bloomed in the collection of the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., at Burford, and includes H. Susanne, with two plants of the brilliant H. militaris on either Fig. 37. HABENARIA SUSANN#. Fig. 38. H.micrraris. ‘Fig: 39. H+ CARNES: Side, and three plants of H. carnea in front. The first-named, being naturally tall, had to be lowered when the photograph was taken, and the two others are hardly advanced enough to show the spikes at their best. These Plants are always admired when seen ‘n collections, and the chiet "€ason for their rarity is that, by reason of their deciduous habit, they are not easily grown with other Orchids. They are tractable enough when Placed under suitable conditions, and H. militaris has long been successfully sown at Burford, under a method of treatment that was given in detail by 306 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Ocroper, 1914. Mr. White at pp. 83-85 of our first volume. They are apt to get neglected during the resting season, and probably this is cne of the chief causes of failure to keep them for any length of time. They should be grown in good loam, with a little fibre to keep it open, and require the temperature of the Warm house, with plenty of moisture and moderate shade when growing, and somewhat cooler and driér conditions when at rest. HABENARIA SUSANN# (fig. 37) is a well-known Indian species, which was known to Linnzus under the name of Orchis Susanne, and to Lindley as Platanthera Susanne, the latter, considering that Habenaria had become too large and polymorphic, a view that finds acceptance among modern Orchidists. It has long been known in cultivation, and is figured at t. 3374 of the Botanical Magazine. In August, 1894, it received a First-class Certificate from the R.H.S., when exhibited by Messrs. Sander. It is widely diffused, being found in North and South India, South China, and in some of the Malay Islands. The late Major-General Berkeley once sent us a very interesting account of it. He remarked: ‘I have met with it both in India and Burma, and it was always a great delight to come across a group of it. It is found in very warm, sheltered, moist places. It is too soft and succulent a plant to grow under any conditions, and should do well in a shady corner in the stove. The flowers are not always pure white. I have found spikes of it with a dash of green, but all the varieties are beautiful” (O.R., ii. p. 331). The beautifully fringed lip and long spur always render it a striking object. HABENARIA MILITARIS (fig. 38) is a very brilliant species, which was discovered by M. Godefroy Lebeuf in the mountains south of Phu Quoq, in Cambodia. It was originally described by Reichenbach in 1870, from 4 dried specimen, under the name of. H. pusilla (Otia Bot. Hamb., p- 33): M.A. Regnier afterwards obtained it from Cochin China, probably from the mountainous region of Tay-ninh, and in 1896 he sent a living plant to Reichenbach, who recognised it as H. pusilla, but considering his original name too inappropriate, renamed it H. militaris, in allusion to the brilliant colour of the lip, resembling a soldier’s jacket. We may add that 1 October, 1893, Sir Trevor Lawrence was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a large pan of it, over two feet in diameter, containing several fine plants. HABENARIA CARNEA (fig. 39) is a native of Perak, where it grows 0? limestone rocks, and was sent home by Mr. C. H. Curtis, of the Forest Department. _ It flowered at Kew, and with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, in 1892. The leaves are suffused with pinkish brown 0” @ grey ground, and mottled with white, while the flowers are of a delicate shade of flesh pink. It is a charming little plant, and was awarded a First class Certificate by the R.H.S. in October, 1893, when exhibited by Messrs. Sander. It may be pointed out that the black spots seen 09 the OcTOBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3°7 lip are openings between the lobes, through which the dark background is seen. There is a white-flowered form, called var. nivosa, and in this the leaves are green and unspotted, though in other respects it agrees with the type. This was exhibited by Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, at a meeting of the R.H.S. held in July, 1894, when it received an Award of Merit (O.R., ii. p. 290), but it has since apparently been lost sight of. Rees| SOCLETIES: | Far] RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. FTER an interval of six weeks, occasioned by the outbreak of war and the requisition of the Royal Horticultural Hall by the military authorities, the Society was able to hold the meeting announced for September 8th. There was a fairly good display of Orchids, including several novelties, and the awards consisted of four medals, one First-class Certificate, and two Awards of Merit. The Orchid annexe was still in the possession of the military, and the Orchid Committee sat in the opposite annexe, where a good many of the exhibits were staged. - Orchid Committee present : J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, J. Charles- worth, E. H. Davidson, W. H. White, A. Dye, H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shill, J. Cypher, W. H. Hatcher, T. Armstrong, A. McBean, ae Hanbury, S. Low, R. A. Rolfe, S. W. Flory, C. H. Curtis, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. __ HLT. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), staged an interesting little group, which gained a Silver Banksian Medal. It included a well-flowered Miltonia vexillaria superba, Dendrobium ciliatum annamense, differing from the type in its very dwarf habit and purple mstead of yellow markings on the lip, Promenza xanthina, Cattleya venusta (Armstrongie x intricata), with lilac-coloured flowers and a ‘ttongly three-lobed lip, two forms of C. suavior, C. Venus, C. Thayeriana, Odontoglossum Thompsonianum, Cypripedium Baron Schréder, C. pictum (nitens X glaucophyllum), and other interesting hybrids, several of which Were raised in the collection. R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington), Staged an interesting little group, including two plants of Cattleya Euphrasia, Odontioda Charlesworthii, two examples of O. Devosiana, with an unnamed Sophrocattleya and two blotched Odontoglossums. _ R. Brooman White, Esq., Arddarroch, Garelochhead, (gr. Mr. Smith), “ent cut blooms of a richly-coloured form of Odontoglossum Alice (Edwardii x spectabile), having violet-purple flowers tipped with white. 308 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OCTOBER, 1914. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group of well-grown plants, including the rare Paphinia cristata with a twin- flowered scape, a fine Habenaria Susanne with six flowers, the fine yellow Phaius Ashworthianus, Odontoglossum armainvillierense and var. xanthotes, the latter with a fine branched inflorescence, Cattleya Chamberlainiana with six flowers, a fine C. Rhoda with pale yellow sepals and petals and rose-purple lip, Brassocattleya Maroni# and Leemanniz, Sophrolelia heatonensis, Zygopetalum maxillare with three spikes, Odontioda Charles- worthii, Cypripedium Maudiz, C. Baron Schréder, and others (Silver -Banksian Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged an effective group, including some good examples of Vanda ccerulea, the rare Lelia longipes alba, Oncidium Kramerianum and incurvum, Cypripedium prestans, a fine Cattleya Leopoldii with a spike of eleven flowers, C. Adula, C. Iris, C. Forbesii, a very fine C. Warscewiczii with a spike of six flowers, C. Ingramiz alba, with white sepals and petals and the lip purple-crimson _in front, Cattleya King Albert (Parthenia x Dowiana aurea), having pretty cream white sepals and petals and some yellow and rosy markings on the lip, C. Carmen, and Leliocattleya Figaro (L. Iona X C. Dowiana aurea), with nankeen yellow sepals and petals and the lip deep violet in front (Silver Banksian Medal). * Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including Cattleya Leopoldii alba, a very pretty albino with clear light green sepals and petals and a pure white lip, some good C. Dowiana, C. Ella with six flowers, C. Wincqziana, Bulbophyllum elatius (see page 298), B. grandiflorum, Odontioda Euterpe, with brick-red flowers, Odontoglossum grande and O. Uroskinneri album, the rare Angraecum Moloney! Saccolabium acutifolium, Dendrobium Sandere, sanguinolentum, and ciliatum, Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, the brilliant Leelia monophylla with numerous flowers, Pachystoma Thompsoniana, Brassia longissima, Leliocattleya Walter Gott, and several others, Zygopetalum Prainianum, an interesting novelty allied to Z. Burkei (see page 317), good examples of Cypripedium Maudie, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Orchid Dene, Twyford, showed Cattleya Hardyana Orchid Dene variety, C. Loddigesii Snowflake, a beautiful albino, and Lzliocattleya Davidsonize (L.-c. bella x C. labiata), most sa an immense, richly-coloured form of the latter. Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent a plant of Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum, one of the handsomest species in the gen Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent good forms of Cattleya Dowian@ aurea, C. Iris, C. Hardyana, and C. iridescens. Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent an interesting little group OcToBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 309 including good forms of Cattleya Rothschildiana with white sepals and petals, C. Brenda, a pretty albino, C. Katie (fulvescens X C. Dowiana aurea), a pretty hybrid most resembling the former parent, Odontioda Charlesworthii, and two good plants of Brassocatlelia Norba (B. nodosa X L.-c. callistoglossa), most like the former in general character, and with white ground colour, one of them sparsely and the other more regularly spotted with purple. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. CATTLEYA SYBIL VAR. Lorp KiTcHENER (C. Dowiana aurea X itidescens)—A very brilliant hybrid out of the same batch as the seven figured at page 265, and most like C. iridescens in general character. The flower was of fine shape and substance, the sepals and petals deep chrome yellow with a slight rosy shade, and the front lobe of the lip ruby-crimson, with the broad isthmus and small side lobes deep orange yellow. The plant was small, and bore a single flower, and the pseudobulbs were one- leaved. It should develop into a superb thing. Exhibited by Messrs. Hassall & Co. (See page 297, fig. 35)- : AWARDS OF MERIT. CATTLEYA IRIDESCENS VAR. AURIFERA (bicolor X Eldorado).—A_ hand- some flower of good shape, the sepals and petals clear yellow, and the front lobe of the lip rose-purple with a narrow white margin, with the isthmus deep yellow and the small side lobes paler. Exhibited by Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co. L&LIOCATTLEYA THYONE McBEAn’s var. (L.-c. Ophir X C. Dowiana aurea).—A charming hybrid, having flowers of good shape, with light yellow sepals and petals, and the broad lip crimson-purple, with some yellow lines radiating from the base. Exhibited by Messrs. J. & A. McBean. The Society’s Hall has again been commandeered for military purposes, and the meeting of September 22nd was held at short notice in the Central Hall, Westminster, the site of the old Westminster Aquarium. It is a spacious under-ground apartment, lighted by electric light, which rendered it very difficult to judge the colour of the flowers. Two rooms, one at fach end of the Hall, were illuminated by daylight, and were monopolised “i vegetables, which were practically the only things that could be viewed under normal conditions. The Committees sat in an annexe at the side, Sloom, the Orchid Committee being represented as follows: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), and Messrs. Jas- O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, J. Wilson Potter, F. J. Hanbury, F. Sander, Walter Cobb, R. G. Thwaites, T. Armstrong, J. Charlesworth, W. H. Hatcher, C. H. Curtis, A. Dye, E. H. Davidson, S. W. Flory, Gurney Wilson, R. A. Rolfe, and in almost November 310 THE ORCHID REVIEW. {OcToBRR, 1914. Sir Harry J. Veitch. There was a very good show of Orchids, and five groups gained medals, but they were completely scattered. Several plants were submitted to the Committee for Certificate, but only one of them gained an Award of Merit. H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), staged an interesting and pretty group, which gained a Silver Banksian Medal. The back consisted of numerous good Cattleyas and Leliocattleyas, among which we noted C. Wendlandiana with two fine racemes, C. Iris, two well- flowered plants of the beautiful C. Hardyana var. Countess of Derby, with white sepals and petals, C. Dowiana aurea, C. Thayeriana, C. Source d’Or, C, suavior, C. Thela (Whiteleyze x Hardyana), and C. Harrisoniana alba, Leliocattleya Pallas, L.-c. Martinetii x C. Dowiana aurea, with salmon- rose sepals and petals, and a richly-coloured lip with some yellow in the throat, and another interesting thing from C. Harrisoniana alba X L.-c. Constance Wigan, with a spike of five light-coloured flowers, most like the Cattleya parent in shape. We also noted the fine yellow Odontoglossum grande Pittianum, O. bictoniense album, O. crispum, O. loochristiense, Miltonia Clowesii, three plants of Chondrorhyncha Chestertonii, Brasso- cattleya Pittiana and Maroniz, the fine Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, and other interesting things. R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. Hannington), received a Bronze Banksian Medal for an interesting little group, mostly consisting of hybrids raised in the collection, and including five plants of Odontioda Devosiana, O. Thwaitesii, O. Cupid, O. Bradshawie, and 0. crispilia (O. Cecilia x Odm. crispum), Cattleya Adula, Iris, Pittiana Euphrasia, and C. Gaskelliena alba, a fine Lzeliocattleya Dominiana, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri, Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldii, and others. J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, -Pembury (gr. Mr. Davis), sent Cattleya Prince Edward (Schilleriana x Warscewiczii), bearing a spike of six very richly-coloured flowers,. .and Brassolelia Madame Irene Mavrocordato (L. Iona nigrescens x B. Digbyana), bearing a single flower with rose-purple sepal3 and petals, and a dark purple fringed lip. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Cattleya Harrisoniana alba, with a spike of five flowers, Lzliocattley Anthela Ashtead Park var. (Lec. Phryne X C. Warscewiczii), a pale yellow flower with a rosy mauve lip and some yellow veining in the throat, and L.-c. Thyone var. Bonnie (L.-c. Ophir x C. Dowiana aurea), having yellow flowers with red lines at the base of the lip. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice groUP including the beautiful Leliocattleya amabilis (L.-c. Fascinator * ™ Lueddemanniana Stanleyi), a fine thing with white sepals and petals, and some brilliant purple markings on the lip, Cattleya Antiope (C. Chamber OcToprR, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 311 lainiana X C. Dowiana aurea), having white sepals and petals, and a deep crimson lip, Sophrocattleya Niobe, S.-c. Chamberlainii, Sophrolelia Gratrixiez, Brassocattleya Maronie, B.-c. Rutherfordii, with nearly white flowers, three very varied forms of the striking Odontioda Brewii, Zygocolax Charlesworthii, the striking Habenaria Susanne, Oncidium incurvum album, Paphinia cristata with twin-flowered scape, Dendrobium formosum giganteum, D. superbiens with three racemes, Listrostachys Chailluana, Cypripedium leyburnense nigrescens, C. Maudie, and other good things (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a fine group, including two magnificent Cattleya Hardyana alba from different crosses. The first was from C. Dowiana aurea x C. Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt, and had large white sepals and petals, and a very broad rosy- crimson lip, with two yellow eyes and some similar veining in the throat. The second form was obtained from C. Dowiana aurea X C. Warscewi il and closely resembled C. Hardyana Countess of Derby, but had much larger eyes to the lip. It bore four flowers. We noted also C. Gaskelliana alba, C. G. Milady, white with a purple blotch on the lip, C. Adula, Iris, Thurgoodiana, C. Harrisoniana alba, Dowiana, the old C. guttata with a spike of fourteen flowers, Vanda ccerulea, two fine plants of Oncidium incurvum, O. Kramerianum, Lelia crispa, Brassocattleya Maronie, and many others (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a choice group, in which forms of Cattleya Iris, Mantinii, Hardyana, Maronii, Rothschildiana, Adula, C. Dowiana aurea, and others made a fine display, with Leelio- cattleya bletchleyensis, Phoenix, Schusteriana, the fine Anguloa Cliftonii, Acineta chrysantha, Gongora_ grossa, Bulbophyllum densiflorum, and rigidum, Oncidium incurvum album, Miltonia Roezlii alba, Dendrobium erieeflorum, several Odontoglossum grande, the rare Sigmatostalix radicans, Citthopetalum appendiculatum and Micholitzii, Oberonia myriantha, Saccolabium acutifolium, Cypripedium Franconia, Maudie, Dallas (Curtisi x Fairrieanum), Odontioda Charlesworthii, Sarcanthus filiforme, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged a group of interesting plants, including Cattleya iridescens, C. Beatrice (Minucia X Dowiana aurea), having light yellow sepals and petals, and the lip purple with a yellow throat, C. Thurgoodiana, C. Loddigesii alba Stanley’s var., C. Rothschild- oma, and-C. R. alba, C. Frederickize alba, and three diverse forms of C. ybil. These combined the one-leaved habit with the bicolor-like type of flower, one being rose-purple with a very much darker lip, and sae seapabee’ Pi different shades of bronzy yellow sepals and petals, with the front Obe of the lip ruby purple and the isthmus orange. We noted also Brasso- 3i2 . THE ORCHID REVIEW. (Octoser, 1914. cattleya Maronie, Cypripedium Lairessei with four flowers, and C. Bryan x C. callosum, with dark-spotted Argus-like petals. Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent a very fine Cattleya Hardyana with five flowers on the spike, some forms of C. Dowiana alba, C. Rothschildiana alba, Leliocattleya Thyone, Odontioda Diana and Bradshawiz, and the interesting Peristeria elata, the Dove Orchid. AWARD OF MERIT. CATTLEYA AMABILIS FOWLER’S VAR. (labiata x W icil).—A large and handsome hybrid, bearing a spike of three flowers of good shape, and having rosy-mauve sepals and petals, and a deep purple lip, with two large yellow eyes in the throat, and some yellow veining on the disc. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. MANCHESTER & NorTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on Thursday, August 13th, the members of Committee present. were: Z. A. Ward, Esq- {in the Chair); Messrs. D. McLeod, H. Thorp, A. Hanmer, J. J. Bolton, A. J. Keeling, J.. Lupton, .R. Ashworth, W. Shackleton, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary).. . R. Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), was awarded a Silver-gilt Medal for a mixed group, including Cattleya Caduceus, Hardyana, Germania, Macznas, Dowiana aurea, and Gaskelliana alba vat- R. Ashworth, Odontoglossum crispum virginale, O. c. xanthotes Ashlands var., and O. Pescatorei Ashlandii, Miltonia Bleuana. and Reeulil, Cypripedium Rolfei var. R. Ashworth, C. Daisy Barclay, C. Godefroy# var. Sunset, and C. Transvaal, Masdevallia Harryana splendens, Cycnoches peruvianum, and others. : Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr..Mr.. Weatherby), staged ae a feature being the excellent culture shown in the long-bulbed section © hybrid Cattleyas, one plant of C. x Atalanta carrying 17 good flowers 0? one spike (a Cultural Certificate with Bronze Medal being awarded us ” Gardener) ; several varieties of C. x Iris, including St. Giles and Wille, Cypripedium Rossetti, C. tixallense, C. Maudie magnificum, C. St Alban, and others, a Large Silver Medal being awarded. ded Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), was awarde : Silver Medal for a small choice group, composed principally of Cattleyas, including the Beardwood var. of C. Gaskelliana alba, C. Dowiana autre and C. Ella, a few Cypripediums, the rare Odontoglossum Rossian, ee Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, were also awarded a 5!¥ Medal for a group of Cypripediums in variety. ont Mr. j. Birchenall, Alderley Edge, staged Chondrorhyncha Chester and Oncidium incurvum. OcToBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 313 AWARD OF MERIT. Cypripedium Fairri-tisii (Farrieanum X Curtisii), a good large flower, showing both parents, from Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons. CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. To Mr. G. Weatherby, gr. to Z. A. Ward, Esq., for Cattleya Atalanta, carrying 17 flowers on one spike. caer ea genus Spiranthes is very widely diffused through both the eastern and western hemispheres, and is represented in Britain by two species, S. estivalis and S. autumnalis, the latter being frequently met with on open SPIRANTHES GRACILIS. Keers Fig. 40. SPIRANTHES GRACILIS. downs during the late summer months. The genus.is more numerously “Presented in North America, where the subject of our figure, Spiranthes sracilis, Beck, has a wide diffusion. The flowers are white, with some Breen in the centre, and are borne in a continuous spiral, which winds round and round the floral axis, as seen in the figure, ie qWaint appearance. It is from this character that the genus takes Its name. it a very 314 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcToBER, 1914. The leaves are ovate and are borne in a radical tuft, and the roots are thickened and fasciculate. The photograph was sent to us by Mr. F. J. Le Moyne, of Winfield, Tennessee, U.S.A. There are about twenty North American species of the genus, and one of them, Spiranthes Romanzoffiana, singularly enough, is also found in a few stations in the south of Ireland, but nowhere else in Europe, forming one of the most anomalous cases of distribution in the family. It was at one time thought to be peculiar to Ireland, and was described by Lindley under the name of S. gemmipara, but was afterwards found to be identical with the North American plant. It is figured at t. 5277 of the Botamical Magazine, where the history of the species is given. est es ve i ounanaiineemaamemennaeed HE colder and shorter days are now fast closing in upon us, and there- fore every effort must be made to give the plants all light and air, especially to those which are completing or making their new growths. The past two months have been of immense value in maturing the new bulbs of Cattleyas, such as C. labiata, C. Fabia, and other hybrids, also Lzlia anceps, and a grand display of bloom may be expected later on in the autumn. Give water to all those plants which are in need of any, but during the winter months, if any doubt exists as to whether such and such a plant requires water, leave it until the day following. Considerable injury may be done at this season by overdosing, when water evaporates slowly, and less risk of causing the growths to rot will be run if the plants are kept a little on the dry side. Many Dendrobiums will now have finished their growth, and should be suspended, near the roof in a cool and dry vinery, where the temperature ranges between 50° and 55° Fahr. Little water is needed, beyon preventing any undue shrivelling of the pseudobulbs until the flower buds make their appearance later. D. Wardianum, nobile, crassinode, and the hybrids Ainsworthii, Cybele, Juno, and Rolfez, all form suitable subjects for an amateur’s collection. Damping down in the house wil] now probably only be needed once, about 10 a.m., but on bright days, when the sun shines with force, a second damping may be desirable. Cypripediums will now be throwing up their flower scapes, and these, when of sufficient length, should be tied to neat sticks, as they will then 6 compelled to grow erect, and show off thereby their handsome blossoms 10 the fullest advantage. THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. By C. ALWYN HaRkKISOV. OcTOBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 315 Odontoglossum grande is now in spike or bloom. Keep a sharp look- out for slugs, which are very partial to them. If coiton wool be wrapped round the base of each spike, and poisoned bran be placed on small pieces of cardboard and stood about on the staging, these lovely flowers should be immune from attacks. Should foggy weather set in, the roof glass must be frequently washed, or the house would quickly become gloomy, and weak growth would result. Vanda ccerulea has usually finished blossoming by this time, and, if in need of fresh moss, can have it renewed, but since little further growth is made until the following spring, this operation can easily be deferred. Sponge the leaves at frequent intervals. This also applies to all the other Orchids in the house, and should the dreaded ‘“‘ spot” make its appearance, this must be cut out and a little slaked lime rubbed in the affected leaf, keeping the plant somewhat drier for some time. et. ie generally caused by excessive moisture accompanied by too low a temperature, and drip from the roof should be guarded against. BULBOPHYLLUM RIGIDUM.—A curious Bulbophyllum has been sent to Kew for determination by Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, which proves to be the one described by Messrs. King & Pantling as B. rigidum (Orch. Sikkim Himal., p. 69, t. 94), a species whose history has been much confused. It is the Bulbophyllum conchiferum Hook. f. (Fl. Brit. Ind., v- P. 766), but not Reichenbach’s plant of that name, which is an allied Species collected by Thomas Lobb in the Khasia Hills. There are dried Specimens of both at. Kew, the former collected in Sikkim by Griffith, C. B- Clarke, and J. S. Gamble, the altitude being given as 3000 to 4000 feet, while King and Pantling give the altitude as 6000 feet. It has previously appeared in cultivation, having been sent for determination from the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., in August, 1894, without record of locality, and before the confusion had been detected. It belongs to the ebulbose Section of the genus, and is allied to B. apodum, Hook. f. - The paves: Ste tect, 6 to 10 inches long, and narrowed at the base into a petiole, which ‘ptings direct from a node on the stout rhizome, the pseudobulbs being obsolete, as in other species of the section. The scapes are nearly as long as the leaves, and the flowers are racemose, lax, and the colour brownish yellow or greenish, with a few brown streaks at the base. It may be added that in the Flora of British India, B. rufinum, Rchb. f. Xen. Orch., iil. P- 44, t 219, fig. 1, is given as a synonym of B. conchiferum, but this 1s a mistake, 2. tafnum has large pseudobulbs, and arching spikes of buff-coloured flowers streaked with red, It is indeed nearly allied to B. cupreum, Lindl. tis a Burmese species, and is often seen in cultivation in botanical ollections.—R.A.R. 316 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Ocrozer, 1914. PHOTOGRAPHIC illustration of Catasetum splendens appeared in The Field of September 12th last, together with the following note :— Darwin, in his Fertilisation of Orchids, has a most interesting chapter on Catasetums, ‘‘ the most remarkable of all Orchids.’’ Nature has, he says, endowed them with sensitiveness, and with the remarkable power of forcibly ejecting their pollen to a distance. When certain hair-like organs are touched by an insect the pollinia are shot out like an arrow, which is not barbed, but has a blunt and excessively adhesive point. The insect, disturbed by so sharp a blow, or after having eaten its fill, flies sooner or later to a female plant, and whilst standing in the same position as it did when struck, the pollen-bearing end of the arrow is inserted into the stigmatic cavity, and a mass of pollen is left on its viscid surface—a most wonderful contrivance in a flower for the sole purpose of pollination. Catasetum is a large genus, and shows a wide range of variation. It is also remarkable in having distinct male and female flowers. The plant we figure is a natural hybrid between two of the most striking species, namely, C. macrocarpum and C. Bungerothii, both natives of South America. It was introduced into cultivation about twenty years ago from Venezuela by M. Linden, the well-known Belgian nurseryman,-and it caused some excite- ment among botanists owing to the variation in size, form, and colour of flower exhibited by the individual plants. They have since mostly gone out of cultivation, for Catasetums are not easy to keep in health. There is, however, a very good collection of them at Kew, where the plant here _ represented has flowered recently. Writing of this hybrid and its various forms when they were first introduced, Mr. R. A. Rolfe, the orchidologist, said there were a number of very remarkable forms representing . transition series between two common and very distinct species, with which they were found growing. One wonders what happened to the plants of this hybrid that were not interfered with by the collector, whether they have reproduced their kind, or have given rise to what might reasonably be called a distinct species. The genus ought to be specially interesting to Mendelians. It certainly is of more than ordinary interest morphologists, and is not without attractions for gardeners. CATASETUM SPLENDENS. The note serves to recall a very remarkable group which was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. in November, 1894, by Messrs. mere Brussels, and to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contain plants of what were regarded as four new species, as well as examples of C- macrocarpum and C. Bungerothii, all of which were believed to have com OcroBER, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 317 out of the same importation, but we gave reasons for regarding the novelties as natural hybrids between the two others (O.R., ii. pp. 355-357)» one of which had previously flowered with Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. Other forms subsequently appeared, and a series of figures was published. The events indeed caused a good deal of excitement at the time, but the plants seem to have vanished almost as rapidly as they appeared. A few, how- ever, remain, and are occasionally met with. The history of the question was given at pp. 43, 85 of our third volume. The form figured in the Feld most resembles the C. macrocarpum parent.—R.A.R. HEMIPILIA AMETHYSTINA.—A very pretty little Orchid, which was found ina recently imported clump of Cypripedium Charlesworthii, has flowered in the collection of A. Grant, Esq., Rugby House, Cleethorpes. It proves 0n comparison to be Hemipilia amethystina, Rolfe, a species which flowered in the establishment of Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, in June, 1896, being exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society as a species of Pogonia, and gaining an Award of Merit. It was then recorded as Hemipilia amethystina (O.R., iv. p- 222); and soon afterwards (sip figured in the Botanical Magazine (t. 7521). This also flowered in an importation of Cypripedium Charlesworthii. It is a charming little plant, bearing a single spreading cordate leaf, prettily marbled with green and brown, at the ground level, and a short erect spike of Orchis-like flowers, the sepals and petals being light green and the lip purple. In June, 1906, a plant flowered in the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, and again received a Botanical Certificate from the R.H.S. (0.R., xiv. p. 243), and three years later it was also exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons (O.R., xviii. p.. 279). Phe gene> is nearly allied to Cynorchis, and contains about ten species, natives of India and China. Another handsome species is occasionally seen in cultivation, namely, Hemipilia calophylla, Par. & Rchb. f., a native of Moulmein, whose portrait appears at t. 6920 of the Botanical M agazine.—R.A.R. ZyGorETALUM PRAINIANUM.—At the R.H.S. meeting held on September 8th last a striking Zygopetalum was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons, @ Albans, for which the above name was suggested. It is said to be an Introduction of M. Forget, probably from some part of Peru, and most fesembles Z. Burkei, Rchb. f., in general character, differing, however, i having longer pseudobulbs and broader leaves, and more obscure green eceings on the petals. The lip is very similar in shape, and the colour White, with light purple lines on the ridges of the crest. The sepals end eee are dusky brown, and the petals similar, with obscure green markings neat the apex. The plant is now at Kew.—R.A.-R. 318 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [OcroBER, 1914. S| GATTILEYA:GUTTAT A. HE original Cattleya guttata, Lindl., is not often found in cultivation now, being replaced by the finer C. Leopoldii, and it was interesting to see a good plant of it bearing a spike of fourteen flowers in the group exhibited by Messrs. Stuart Low & Co. at the R.H.S. meeting held on September 22nd last. The species was described and figured by Lindley in 1831 (Bo!. Reg., t. 1406), the author remarking: ‘‘ This beautiful species was sent to the Horticultural Society from Brazil by the Right Hon. Robert Gordon. The spotting of the flower is remarkably different from anything that has yet been seen in the genus.” A remarkably fine specimen of it, bearing no fewer than 24 flowers on a single raceme, was exhibited at a meeting of the Society on December 6th, 1836, by Richard Harrison, Esq., Aigburth, near Liverpool, and was awarded a Silver Knightian Medal. This particular plant was figured in the Transactions of the Society in 1837 (ser. 2, ll, p. 177, t. 8). It had been grown by Mr. W. Perrin, ina compost of peat earth and potsherds in equal quantities, and had not been potted for three years. Lindley remarked that with the exception of an Aérides cornutum in the possession of Messrs. Loddiges it was the most noble specimen of this natural order of plants that it had been his good fortune to observe. In 1848 the species was again described by Ch. Morren, under the name of C. sphenophora (Amn. de Gand., iv. t. 175). This is said to have been sent from Santa Catherina by Fr. Devos. A plant of C. guttata flowered with Mr. John Day in 1870 (Orch. Drai-» v. t. 25), and Mr. Day remarked: “‘I bought this at Mr. R. Bullen’s Sale at Stevens’ in November, 1875, as C. Leopoldii, imported by him from Rio by Mr. Henry Blunt. It turns out to be all old C. guttata, which it so happens I have never drawn before, though the page has been reserved for it for 15 years. It is a very pretty thing, but there are now S0 many splendid Cattleyas that it meets with unmerited contempt. This flower ® one of 20 flowers, forming a dense head of bloom, which is the finest I have ever seen.”’ EPIDENDRUM PORPAX.—A very interesting little Epidendrum, received from Mr. C. H. Lankester, Cachi, Costa Rica, is now flowering at Kew, which has been identified from description with Epidendrum porpas, Rehb. _f., a species described as long ago as 1855 (Bonplandia, ii. P- 220), a * native of Nicaragua, where it was collected on Mount Pantasma, Segovlt River, by Oersted. It is a dwarf plant, closely allied to E. Matthews” Lindl., and bears numerous short stems, about two inches high, with oblong OcropeR, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 319 leaves about half an inch long, and solitary terminal flowers, with a broad, purple lip and much paler sepals and petals. The plant is grown on a block, and is Mowering very freely, producing 28 flowers. It is curious that it should have remained so long almost unknown.—R.A.R. ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. Z| HE Royal Horticultural Society announces that the pressure of recruits upon the War Office at the present time renders it necessary that the Hall of the Society be placed unreservedly at the disposal of the Govern- ment, for drilling) and billeting the troops. The Society has found it impossible to secure other suitable accommodation for th¢ fortnightly exhibitions, and the Council has therefore decided to abandon them for the present. The Committee, however, will continue to meet fortnightly at the specified dates and times, to consider plants, &c., submitted for Certificate. When it is found possible to recommence the shows notices will appear in the press. The next meetings are arranged for October 6th and 20th, and November 3rd, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. | 5/6) The next meeting of the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will be held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on October 15th. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to the inspection of members and the public from 1 to 4 p.m. The fourth International Botanical Congress, which was to have been held in London from May 22nd to 29th, 1915, and of which particulars have already been given (see page 133), has been indefinitely postponed Owing to disorganisation caused by the War. Mr. G. I’Anson, formerly with Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and after- wards with Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., who left this country over a year ago, and has since been with the Julius Roehrs Co., Rutherford, New Jersey, has accepted service with Mr. Thomas Young, Beechwood Heights Nursery, Bound Brook, N.J., an establishment where Orchids are : ; xtensively grown for cut flowers. Flowers of the striking hybrid Cattleya Gladys (C. Atalanta x C. Dowiana aurea) are sent by Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans. They are Most like the C. Dowiana aurea parent, having clear yellow sepals and Petals, and an entire, dark purple-crimson lip, with some yellow veining in the throat. It is possible that the C. Atalanta parent will come out better 1 other seedlings from the same batch, A second is C. Murillo, an (320 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Octozer, 1914. 4 interesting hybrid between C. Maronii and C. Dowiana aurea, having — much of the general character of the latter. Tra A remarkably fine specimen of Miltonia candida is now flowering in the Kew collection, bearing 32 spikes, and an aggregate of over 150 flowers, producing a fine display. \& | ORCHID PORTRAITS. le : RASSOLZELIA Mrs. M. Gratrix.—Orch, World, iy. p. 278, fig. CALANTHE LENTIGINOSA.—Orch. World, iv. p. 284, fig. CALANTHE VEITCHII.—Orch. World, iv. p. 283, fig. CALANTHE VERATRIFOLIA.— Orch. World, iv. p. 282, fig. 4 CATTLEYA SyBiL var. Lorp KITCHENER.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p. 704, fig. ; CYPRIPEDIUM NIOBE.—Orch. World, iv. p. 276, fig. CYPRIPEDIUM SHILLIANUM.—Orch, World, iv. p. 277, fig. Disa VEITCHII.—Orch. World, iv. p. 275, fig. La@LiocaTTLeya APHRODITE.—Journ. Hort. 1914, li. p. 213, fig. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA ALBESCENS.—Gard. Mag., 1914, pp- 701, 704» Hig: ODONTIODA CooKsonlLE FOWLER’s var.—Orch. World, iv. p. 266, fig. ODONTOGLOssUM ARDENTISSIMUM NoRMAN Cookson.— Journ. Hort., : 1914, li. p. 187, fig. 2 ODONTOGLOossUM ARDENTISSIMUM VIOLETTE.—Orch. World, iv. p. 267; hg. ODONTOGLossuM WILCKEANUM SCHREDERIANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1914 ii. p. 186, fig. : VANDA AMESIANA.—Orch. World, iv. p. 268, fig. VANDA SANDERIANA.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 199, fig. [Orchtds are name requested to give the native c or ent. “An AD sent tf a reply by post is desired (abroad, reply postcards should be tnterest will be dealt with in the body ] : B.—There is, fortunately, an older name. Such names are utterly unsuitable, ee varietal names, and their incongruity is apparent as soon as varietal names hav added to them. G.H.—Oberonia myriantha, Lindl. C.T.—Lycaste macrophylla, Lindl., a widely-diffused and variable species. E.C.—Sarcanthus filiformis, Lindl. G.R.F.—Many thanks, A note is held over until next month. ptablee Photographs of novelties, &c, suitable for reproduction, would be very accé They should be printed on smooth paper, with a well-contrasted background. aS VoL. XXII NOVEMBER, 1914. No. 263. 8 3 Le wre SS eae TRS eneeey SSSA SAS AANA AAAS as Settee nese peee mens * Bas \ BVH SAA Edited by R. ALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. —— NTS: Amateur’s en : "4 6 Orchid Portraits “ | eee eoewers to Cor esponden 352 | Orchid er Fe ius a alendar of Geeeiticos ny November 330 | Orchids a D atasetum macrocarpu 4 | Orchids ‘heb ‘Stamford Hill. endrobium formosum giganteum .. 324 Orchids in the War Dendrobium pinifolium eve 347 ur ook oe Dic as trom Costa Rica ... -- 349 | Societ Houlletia Wallisii _... A 320 Manchester and North of England Laelia pumila alba aa ; wa Ae Orchid “ seem uary : e ing eee Royal Horticultural _ soe vee ank Cyp) her any 1 ae jo Gould Veitch .. ~ Sag ILLUSTRATIONS. Od Ontoglossum Uro-ex cellens --» 351 | Dendrobium oT — ya ——* Magali aie set xan- Houlletia Wallisi thotes : oo 337 Odontonta Magali-Sander var. xan- - Oncidium Leo S poldi ianum os ek i Orchid Notes and News iit eae Ae Oneidiam Leopoldianum KEW: FRANK LESLIE & Co., 12, LAWN CRESCENT, London Agents: MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47, Paternoster Row, E.C. PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY, Post FREE, 7/- PER ANNUM Sires 40. seagget reserved. . ae CULV hile. m } qe T NOTICES The ORCHID REVIEW is published reguiarly at the al ais of each month, ange 6d. oh Annual eee post free, 7/-, payable in advan Volumes I. to XXI. can be supplied unbound at 6/-, or Gourd 3 in cloth, 7/6, postage Siar ont: of postage: book post, gd. per volume; parcel post within the United Kingdom only, 5d. per single volume (series by weight). Also cases for binding either volume at 1/6 each, post free throughout the postal union. The ORCHID STUD-BOOK. By R.A. Rolfe and C. C. Hurst. By Parcel Post, at t. Abroad, by Book Post, 8/3. 1 Su ubscriptions, srblge posi cenit and Books for review, should be pon iecteg —The Editor of the Orc w, Lawn Crescent, Kew. eques and Postal Orders (sent as goat eed be made payable to FRANK LESLIE & Co., and, to ensure safety in transit, should be crossed ‘ & Co. ents for copies supplied through the Trade— MARSHALL Garcon Ltd., 47, PATERNOSTER Row, Lonpon, E.C. SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. =: 2. a 2s. d. Five bases moh, under in column... O 2 6 Half column or quarter page... 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No. 263. ‘eC; oS —, Cio OUR NOTE BOOK. * | Tis fortunate that no Show of Autumn-flowering Orchids had been fixed by the R.H.S. for the present year, for the meetings have been completely disorganised by the war. The announcement last month that until further notice all Shows had had to be abandoned, and that only the Committees would meet to adjudicate on plants, &c., submitted for Certificate, was received with disappointment, and we were naturally Surprised on attending the meeting on October 6th to find the Hall well stocked with exhibits. The fact is that after the notice of abandonment had been issued the authorities agreed, unless unforeseen events should arise, to liberate the Hall in future, and there was just time to send a hurried Notice to exhibitors, but the alteration was not generally known, and ‘onsequently very few visitors put in an appearance. The attendance was Somewhat better at the following meeting, so that we hope matters will now follow a more normal course. At the first meeting the Orchid exhibits were rather choice than humerous, for three of them gained First-class Certificates and two Awards of Merit. All of them were hybrids, affording evidence that the march of Improvement goes steadily on. At the following meeting a beautiful albino of Laelia pumila received a First-class Certificate, suggesting further Mssibilities for the hybridist now that albino Cattleyas are so numerous. & € do not know if any seedlings of L. pumila alba are in existence, but ighteen years have elapsed since the albino made its appearance, and there ate Some interesting hybrids from the type. 4 oo attention has been called to a paper entitled, “Common sense and i _ nonsense in the naming of plants,” which was read at a meeting nd © Horticultural Club by the late Mr. Shirley Hibberd in 1890. we .. €port in the Journal of Horticultwre (1890, 1. pp- 462-464), but it is cult to see'to what the paper leads. Orchidists, however, come in for 321 322 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1914. some hard knocks, and it may be interesting to recall what was said about us nearly a quarter of a century ago. : ‘“‘The greatest sinners against propriety in naming plants,’’ Mr. Hibberd remarks, ‘‘are the Orchidists, for they ignore all settled rules, they repudiate the requirements of common sense, they make a law for them- selves which they do not define, and which, whenever they do define it, will convict them of frequent and flagrant violation. We must wait for the report of the Committee that has taken the subject in hand, and has been toiling almost time out of mind, and meanwhile pray that they will not vex the shade of Linnzus to the extent of compelling him to get out of his grave to terrify the evildoers, but if they follow the example of Reichenbach it will be impossible to predict to what it may lead them. The great Orchidist was a notorious splitter and species maker, but his followers in this country accepted all his decisions without question, and never wavered in faith until the man was dead; then, finding that he had resolved we should not have his collection, his worshippers made the sad discovery that he was but a wooden god after all, but being dead and buried they were denied the gratification of knocking him to pieces.” As to names in general, Mr. Shirley Hibberd remarked: ‘‘ Whoever will explore this field of labour will assuredly discover that good names are better than bad names, and that names alone, as such, have a literary and scientific value proportionate in their correspondence with the requirements of common sense. A man who coins a name contributes to the language of the world, and the world has some right to a voice in the matter. And you will ask me what I mean by common sense in this connection. In a general way I will answer, compliance with the Linnean method, but I must, in the interest of common sense, propose to you that we may with advantage build upon the Linnean foundation, so as to carry the edifice 4 few storeys higher. And our building must be after a design that needs no explaining, with materials of the simplest character. For example, Linnaeus admitted commemorative names, and they might even now be allowed were common sense in the ascendant; but it is not, and com- memorative names have of late years been employed with such a lack * discrimination that the abuse suggests a necessity for their total abolition.’ He then cites a remark that ‘‘commemorative names at least give us 4 scrap of information in botanical history,” and adds, ‘A scrap it is, for which we pay an exorbitant price, the commemorative system having been assiduously developed into an intolerable nuisance.” But geographical names do not escape criticism, for it is remarked that Novemper, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 323 they are, as a rule, not good. Many plants found in Japan and named japonica, are also found in China, and species that inhabit both the old and new world cannot with any propriety have geographical names assigned to them. He had found in a volume of the Botanical Magazine figures of sixty-six plants, of which no fewer than twenty-eight derive their specific names from places or persons. And he adds, “If books of authority like the Botanical Magazine are thus open to animadversion, what shall we say of trade catalogues? What shall we say? I quit the unwelcome theme, and leave the trader in plants at his own free will to commorate his relations, friends and customers ex officio, for the simple reason that we are not bound to trade names, but we are bound to . . . names that come to us with the stamp of authority.” Double names were equally taboo, and examples were given with comments on what further crossing would lead to. In fact, it was remarked, “ the raising of hybrid Orchids has brought about a curious crisis in hybrid nomenclature, and the binomial system may be said to be nowhere in face of the new army of facts.” Mr. Shirley Hibberd expressed a decided preference for descriptive names, and he submitted that ‘“ while the binomial ‘system suffices for all ordinary purposes it should be maintained in its original integrity,’ the use of Supplementary names being only allowable as representing varieties, and these ‘may be framed on a variety of plans with almost unlimited latitude, Consistent with propriety and convenience,” and such liberty must be allowed in naming varieties, and especially garden plants. For florists’ flowers descriptive names were seldom necessary, but in the case of Varieties having somewhat of the solidity and permanence of species they were immense aids to identification. And here the lecturer related a Personal experience which may conclude our summary. In full persuasion of the utility of such a system, he bestowed much care in the classification of the Ivies, and published a monograph, in which he adopted or invented descriptive names for all the varieties he could obtain, abolishing the Petsonal names without hesitation. And he adds: ‘‘ The world did not aeeept my proposals with joyful thanks, for in truth I was pretty freely abused in the papers for altering the names. But I allowed it to pass Without complaint, and now there is a growing tendence to admit that sommon sense may by gracious permission have something to do with the 3 haming of garden plants.” ve Story was written nearly a quarter of a century ago, and a note is pended: + Report of Orchid Nomenclature Committee was issued “multaneously with the reading of the paper.” But Shirley Hibberd did yp : Ot live to write the sequel. 324 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NOVEMBER, 1914. | DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM. ne OME time ago a well-flowered pseudobulb of the hardsome Dendrobium formosum giganteum was sent by Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., who pointed out its distinctness from the old stout-bulbed type, and suggested that a history of the variety would be interesting. We have also included an account of the other known varieties. The earliest mention of D. formosum giganteum that we have found is in 1866 (Flore des Serres, t. 16033), where its introduction is attributed to Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., though its native country is not mentioned. In 1879 it was figured in the Orchid Album (vii. t. 308), where it is said to have been originally introduced by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. about the year 1856, from Rangoon. Somewhat later another figure appeared (Gard. Chron., 1882, i. ps 369, fig. 54), where the habitat is briefly indicated as the Eastern Himalaya. It is now generally considered that D. formosum giganteum is the Burmese form of the species, but there is evidence that the short-bulbed form also grows in Burma, and it is not certain that the two can always be distinguished geographically. Colonel Benson, in 1870, called the Burmese plant simply D. formosum (Gard. Chron., 1870, p. 763), and remarked :— “I have never observed it growing at any elevation worthy of notice among the plains, or at any great distance from the sea. . . . The favourite habitat for D. formosum is on trees growing on a laterite soil, as Dipterocarpus levis and a species of Dillenia. This plant does not seek shady places for growth, in fact, so far as my knowledge goes, few Orchids do, beyond what is given by the trees when in leaf. During the months of February, March, and April they must be exposed to an atmosphere of 110° Fahr. in the shade.” There is also a painting made by Mr. John Day in July, 1876 (Orch. Draw., xix. t. 69), made from a plant purchased at Stevens’ Rooms about 4 year earlier, and of which Mr. Day remarks: ‘‘I have no doubt it came from Burma.” He then compares it with the Assam form, which he says is a smaller plant with shorter bulbs and smaller flowers, but of more perfect form. In fact, this figure represents D. formosum giganteum, though not so labelled. The best account of this variety that we know of is by the late Major- Gen. E. S. Berkeley, published at Pp. 137, 138 of our second volume. He remarks :— Of all the hundreds of varieties of Orchids that grow in the neighbour- hood of Moulmein, the first to attract attention is Dendrobium formosum: The variety which grows here is that known by the gardeners @° NovEMBER, 1914-| THE ORCHID REVIEW. ‘giganteum.’ Of all the Nigro-hirsute Dendrobiums this bears the largest flowers, and is the most popular. “At almost any time of the year, in Moulmein, but more especially 326 . PRE ORCHID -REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1914. during the rains, the traveller will meet the Burmese, bamboo on shoulder, bearing two baskets full of the flowers of this favourite Orchid to the Moulmein market, always coming from the directicn of Amherst, which is the richest locality for this plant. The flowers are cut off and brought in with a portion of the stem, and so rapid is the growth during the rains that from the base of the cut stem two new shoots will arise which will produce flowers some months later during the same year. “Dendrobiums of the Nigro-hirsute group, called by the botanists section Formose, are not always a success in England, which is not to be wondered at, as most of the varieties grow under very varying conditions. By giving the character of the districts in which the several forms grow, and the special conditions of temperature and rainfall, it is possible that some useful hints may be gathered, and may help growers to make the cultural conditions of the various forms of this section in this country agree more nearly with those of the various localities in which they grow. ‘To begin with this Moulmein form of D. formosum, the commonest of all the forms imported. I have frequently gone out onan elephant to the low-lying hills on the Amherst Road, and gathered the plants that were within reach with very little trouble. These plants I invariably found growing under the same conditions, generally on the branches of the trees where they got abundance of light, heat, and moisture, frequently on the extreme tops of the trees, in full flower and fully exposed to the sun. It’s rays had apparently no burning effect on them during the rains, and the flowers were as delicate and as firm as if no heavy rain had had a chance of dashing them to pieces. This firmness of the foliage and flowers I attribute to the very airy position in which they grow, so that the great moisture caused by the heavy rain dries up quickly. *‘ It is true that during the dry months, January, February, and March, the plants get much dried by exposure to the hot sun, and often lose their leaves, ‘especially on the old stems, but the new growths continue to develop, nourished by the night dews, which in the neighbourhood of the sea are very heavy. “The season of rest this Orchid enjoys is very short, at most two months, January and February, and hence the difficulty we find in dealing with it in our glass houses in England. It must also be remembered that this plant grows throughout the year, not only in a very hot atmosphere, but in a bright clear air, invariably charged with moisture. “Dendrobium formosum is widely distributed from the Khasia H . down to Tavoy, but it is principally at Amherst, and along the coast between that place and Tavoy, that the variety giganteum is found. ‘Although the flowers of the Moulmein variety, the one that now invariably comes home, are larger than those of any other variety; they NovEMBER, 1914.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 327 are not so perfect in shape as some of the more northern forms, which have smaller flowers.” The illustration on page 325 (fig. 41) shows a fine specimen of D. formosum giganteum, that was grown in the collection of Lt.-Col, Sit George L. Holford, K.C.V.O., at Westonbirt, by Mr. H. G. Alexander. DENDROBIUM FORMOSUM itself has been known in cultivation for over 70 years, having been introduced from the Khasia Hills by Gibson, who sent it to Chatsworth in 1837, where it flowered in May of the following year, and was figured in the Botanical Register (xxv. t. 64). Lindley then remarked: ‘‘ As a white-flowered epiphyte it is almost unrivalled among Asiatic Orchidaceze, the Phalaenopsis amabilis being the only one that can enter into comparison with it.” The species was originally described in 1832 by Roxburgh (FI. Ind., iii. p. 485), who found it on trees in the forests of Sylhet and in the Garrow Hills, flowering in April and May. It also occurs in Sikkim, where, according to King & Pantling, (Orch. Sikkim, p. 47, t. 65), it is common at the base of the Himalayas, flowering in May. It ranges westwards to Nepal. The Indian type, which is now largely replaced in gardens by the Burmese var. giganteum, was well known to Mr. John Day, who remarked: “I received a great many plants in 1867 and 1868 of this glorious Dendrobium—trightly named formosum—from my nephew, W. Williamson. They were collected in the Khasia Hills” (Orch. Draw., li. t. 67). A second figure was made in October, 1883 (J.c. xxxix. t. 1); and this was from an imported plant, “ purchased at Stevens’ about a year ago,” and Mr. Day added: “ This is the Indian variety, and though not. so large as the Burmese, I like it better, as it is more compact, and the bulbs too.” It has the short stout bulbs generally supposed to distinguish the type, but they are equally short in the Moulmein form figured by Parish (Orch, Draw., i. t. 46), on which Mr. Parish has written: ‘‘ The finest Orchid I ever drew. Most abundant all round Moulmein. Basket-loads are continually brought into the Bazaar. ‘ Guway-bau,’ or Silver Flower, of the Burmese.” D. FoRMosuM vaR. BERKELEYI.—Another variety was described by Reichenbach in 1882, under the name of D. formosum var. Berkeleyi (Flora, 1882, p- 534). The locality was vaguely given as an island of British India. Shortly afterwards another note appeare 1882-1883, i. pp. I10, 210), as follows: “ Once more one of those local types like those so often seen in Cattleyas. It is a very elegant plant, with the Temarkable quality of flowering very young from its terete rcs, and very freely. As if not to excite jealousy of the other varieties, the plant has been deprived by nature of scent. Its flowers are smaller, petals Shorter, the lip narrower, clasping the column. The signature of orange 328 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NovEMBER, 1914. on its middle: line is the same, but there are fewer asperities. The chin would appear to be shorter. It is a discovery of Colonel Emeric J. ‘Berkeley, whose name it justly bears.”’ A fine specimen was sent to Kew in October, 1882, and a letter explains that he brought the plant from the Andaman Islands, and that the locality could be stated without objection. Reichenbach’s plant, it is added, must have come from Dr. Heine, to whom plants had been sent about twelve months earlier. Of this variety Major-General Berkeley wrote :— ‘For perfection of form the variety found in the Andamans is much the best. This plant, sent home by me for the first time about 1881, was described by the late Prof. Reichenbach in the Gardeners’ Chronicle as variety Berkeleyi. I first found this fine variety in great abundance at Casuarina Bay, South Andaman. The shape of the flower is more like that of D. infundibulum, the sepals and petals being in a perfect whorl and not with lax petals, as in the common Moulmein plant. This perfection of form adds great beauty to the plant, which is also distinguished by the exceedingly rich colour in the throat, at the base of the lip, which varies - from rich orange to the brightest red. This variety is widely distributed throughout the group of islands composing the Andamans, and appears to like the sea air, as I have frequently found it growing on mangrove trees on the sea coast, unapproachable at high tide.” D. FORMOSUM VAR. SULPHURATUM.—One other variety remains to be noticed, which was described by Reichenbach in 1882 (Gard. Chron., 1882, li. p. 437), as follows: ‘“‘ Dendrobium formosum var. sulphuratum, Hook.— An elegant variety. The front of the lip, in lieu of being of the richest orange colour, shows a very clear sulphur yellow. ‘It is the only plant seen by our collector in Upper Burma,’ is the remark of Messrs. Heath & Son, Exotic Nurseries, Cheltenham, when sending to me a couple of giant flowers.” The reference to ‘‘ Hooker” is not clear, but there is an unlocalised drawing in the Kew collection with a sulphur yellow disc to the lip which represents a similar colour variation. ORcHID SaLes.—On October oth Messrs. Protheroe & Morris held their first sale of Orchids for the winter season at their Central Sale Rooms- The Catalogue included a good selection of showy species of Orchids from Messrs. Sander & Sons, and hybrids from the St. Albans and other firms: There was a good attendance of Orchidists, and though prices ruled low 4 fair amount of business was done. ‘The great attraction of these sales is the fine and varied show of Orchids in bloom, both hybrids and species: On this occasion there was a good display of Cattleyas, Lzeliocattleyas; and Odontoglossums, but the most effective plants were some finely flowered specimens of the old Odontoglossum grande.—Gardeners’ Chronicle. Novemper, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 329 Ress HOULLETIA WALLISIL Reel HE annexed figure represents the interesting Houlletia Wallisii, which has re-appeared in cultivation. The species was originally described over forty years ago (Linden & Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1869, p. 611), the only clue to its origin that was given being the remark that it was dedicated to its energetic and happy discoverer. Two years later it was again described and figured, under the name of H. chrysantha (Linden & Andre in Ill, Hort., xvii. p. 138, t. 71), from a plant which flowered in the Fig. 42. HovuLLETIA WALLISII. It is said to have been collected ranada, in 1868. In 1877 Reichenbach (Linnea. xli. elevation at Frontino, by éstablishment of M. J. Linden, Brussels. by Wallis, in the province of Antioquia, New G H. Wallisii var. odontoptera was described by P- II), from flowers collected at 8000 feet Wallis, which had been preserved in spirit at Kew, and the author then Pointed out that H. chrysantha was only a synonym of the earlier H. Wallis. 3This note was probably overlooked, for somewhat later a plant flowered at Kew, and a note and woodcut were published under the name of i, chrysantha (N. E. Brown in Gard. Chron., 1882, ii. p. 437, fig- 73)- 330 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoVEMBER, 1914. The species was then lost sight of for a long period, but in rgrra plant flowered in the establishment of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, which they had obtained from the Cattleya Dowiana district, and was identified as the missing plant (O.R., xix. p. 271). Soon afterwards it was exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. bearing a fine inflorescence of seven flowers, and received an Award of Merit (Gard. Chron., IQII, il. p. 177, fig. 84). A year later Messrs. Charlesworth also exhibited a fine plant bearing four spikes of flowers (O.R., xx. p. 288). H. Wallisii is a distinct and striking species, and bears erect spikes of deep buff-yellow flowers, with numerous red-brown blotches on the sepals and petals, and in some cases a blackish red blotch on the base of the lip. Its re-appearance is interesting. For the loan of the block we are indebted to the courtesy of the Editor of the Journal of Horticulture. R.A.R. By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s 7 CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER. H Hybridising Department. URING the month of November the temperatures should be the same as advised in our last issue, and little change will be necessary in regard to watering, ventilation, &c. A sharp eye, however, must be kept on the stoker, or extremes in temperature are sure to occur. A dry, desert- like atmosphere, which is caused by excessive fire-heat, must be prevented, while a low temperature when the houses are heavily charged with moisture should also be avoided. Focs.—We expect dull weather at this period of the year, with perhaps an occasional fog, which does irreparable damage to the flowers of Dendrobiums, Lelia anceps, and especially to Calanthes, while even the foliage suffers where collections are near large cities. When foggy weather occurs all the ventilators must be closed, and the temperatures should be kept normal. This will enable the grower to do the usual damping down, and thereby help to keep out the fog. When the visitation has passed, the outside glass must be washed, also any of the plants that need it. Slight frosts may also be expected, particularly in northern districts, and where lath-roller blinds are employed they will be very helpful in keeping the temperatures even, and in saving fuel. PLEIONES.—At this season very few Orchids need attention so far a5 repotting is concerned, but the Pleiones, such as maculata, lagenaria, and Wallichiana, which will soon pass the flowering stage, may be repotted. The flowers are produced with the new growths, and as soon as the flowers are removed a batch of new roots is produced at the base of the growths. Shallow pans are the most useful receptacles, which should NovEMBER, 1914. | THE ORCHID REVIEW. 334 be filled one-third of their depth with drainage. The compost should consist of good fibrous peat or polypodium fibre, the best yellow fibrous loam, and sphagnum moss in equal parts. A sprinkling of sand may be added, and where the plants do not succeed a few partly-decayed oak leaves may be incorporated with advantage. Pans of various sizes may be chosen, and the largest bulbs can be planted two inches apart. It is advisable to grade the bulbs, then the largest are arranged together, and the smaller ones, which perhaps will not flower, can be placed in different pans. By adopting some such method examples are secured which will be a mass of flower in due season. At the present time each pan should be suspended or placed ona shelf fairly near the glass, where the average temperature is about 60°, and sufficient water should be given to keep the soil moist. As root action increases, and the leaves begin to expand, water may be afforded more frequently, and the plants kept well supplied until growth is completed. To prevent the appearance of red- spider the foliage ought to be sponged over at intervals with a weak solution of some reliable insecticide. Vanpas belonging to the V. suavis group ought only to be repotted when real necessity arises, because as a general rule they lose a certain number of leaves, however carefully the operation is performed. When repotting should be done is a debatable point, some growers advocating November and others early spring. I have tried both, and have found that there is little to be said in preference for either. Only those specimens that have lost their lower leaves will need attention, and enough of the stem must be removed to allow the foliage to reach the top of the pot. Ample drainage must be supplied, and as the mixture of fibre and sphagnum moss is being placed among the roots, a few broken potsherds or nodules of charcoal can be introduced, so as to render the whole porous. Each stem Must be made secure, and the compost should be lightly sprinkled with water whenever it becomes dry. A temperature of 60° to 65° should be Maintained. SLucs.—These marauders are always more or less busy, but more so When the nights are long. They soon play havoc among the seedlings and the new roots of older plants. For this reason all specimens that are completing their pseudobulbs and are about to push out a cluster of succulent roots should be watched, while choice examples may be protected by standing the plant on an inverted flower pot which has been placed in a Saucer of water. Where slugs are numerous the usual and most effective Plan is to hunt for them with a good lamp. EPIDENDRUM VITELLINUM.—The autumn-flowering varie Species certainly deserves to be grown in quantity, for its meee scapes of Cinnabar-red flowers make a pleasing contrast with the various Odonto- ty of this - 332 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoveMBER, 1914, glossums. The plants should be well supplied with water until the spikes - are removed, when a partial rest is allowed. EPIPHRONITIS VEITCHII.—This charming hybrid may almost be termed a dwarf form of Epidendrum radicans. It requires much the same treat- ment as that species, but it succeeds best if given a light position among the Cattleyas. Frequent propagation is necessary to keep up a healthy stock, and from twelve to sixteen growths make nice compact specimens. During the winter months no overhead spraying will be needed, and the atmosphere must be fairly dry or the spot disease will appear. ODONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE.—The climatic conditions under which this fine Odontoglossum is found growing in its native country renders the culture slightly different from the Colombian species. A higher temperature is necessary, and a period of rest is essential. Although during the summer months it may be grown in the Cool house, the cold moist atmosphere is not to its liking during the winter, and therefore where the Cool house treatment is followed it is advisable now to remove the plants to the Cattleya or Intermediate division. The same remarks apply to O. Insleayi, O. Rossii, O. Schlieperianum, and O. Cervantesii. ODONTOGLOSSUM CITROSMUM will now be finishing up its pseudobulbs, and, when they are thoroughly matured, water should be afforded only at rare intervals until the spikes are produced from the new growths. C@LOGYNE CRISfATA AND ITS VARIETIES.—These useful Orchids will now be completing their growth, and after a short rest a few of the plants will begin to push out their flower scapes. When this stage is reached very careful handling of the water-pot will be needed, or the spikes will decay in the new growth. For the present enough moisture should be afforded to keep the pseudobulbs rigid. If the foliage is attacked with scale now is 4 good time to remove it. Decipuous DENpRosiuMs of the spring-flowering group have now completed their growth, and water must be afforded in moderation for the next few months. No shrivelling of the pseudobulbs must be permitted through lack of moisture at the base, and the plants should be kept fairly cool, while any fluctuation of temperature always has a tendency to promote premature growth. This kind of growth, however, is almost inevitable with some species, particularly D. Wardianum, but if the plants are kept 0” the dry side, and given all the light possible, no harm will accrue. Amops the first to push out their flower buds will be D. aureum and its hybrids, but it is not advisable to place them in strong heat at once. The change from the resting house to the Warm division should be gradual, or many of the buds will turn yellow and decay. With the exception of the above species, few will be showing signs of flowering before January or Februaty- DENDROBIUM PHAL&NoPsIS AND D. FORMOSUM GIGANTEUM Will be NovEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 333 making a nice display, and after the scapes are removed a rest of several months’ duration should be allowed in an average temperature of 60° F. The atmosphere should be kept tolerably dry, and sufficient water given to maintain the stems in a rigid condition. DENDROBIUM INFUNDIBULUM and D. JamMEsIANUM.—These have been tegarded by some authorities as alpine forms of D. formosum, and they require cultural treatment in accordance with the higher altitude and lower temperature which they experience in their native habitat. For the summer months they are best accommodated in the Cool house, but at other times the Intermediate division should be chosen. They are ever- green, and water must not be withheld for any great length of time. DENDROBIUM DeEarREI.—This beautiful summer-flowering Dendrobe should now be given every encouragement to make tree and healthy growth. It isa Warm house subject throughout the year, and ought never to suffer from drought. At this period a light position is essential. Some good examples have been seen in the ordinary plant stove, while it has occasionally failed in the orthodox Orchid house. EVERGREEN DENDROBIUMS.—Dendrobiums of this section, such as thyrsiflorum, densiflorum, pulchellum, and fimbriatum should be rested in the Cattleya house when their growth is completed. DENDROBIUM SEEDLINGS will need water more frequently than older plants, but it must not be overdone, or the roots will decay. Any repotting Must now wait until the days begin to lengthen. In the meantime keep them in a temperature of 60° F. CypripEDIuMS.—These interesting and showy winter-flowering plants até now in full beauty, and will continue to make a nice display well on into the new year. Perhaps Cypripediums generally are not so popular as hitherto, but the best of the hybrids still appeal to a large number of Stowers, while C. insigne and its numerous hybrids are cultivated in many establishments for a supply of cut bloom at Christmas time. As fog resisters Cypripediums have no equal, and this fact should commend them to amateurs and others living near large towns. Each plant must be kept Moist at the root, for when once the leaves are allowed to lose their fresh and plump appearance through lack of water they rarely if ever recover. If the foliage is sponged over, the pots made clean, and the flowers taste- fully arranged, a much more pleasing effect is produced. VaNDA ca:RULEA.—When this gorgeous Vanda passes the flowering Stage the plants can be arranged in the Cattleya house, if a division is not Set apart for them. Very little water will be needed, but sufficient must be Siven to prevent the foliage from shrinking. Due attention must be paid to ventilation and atmospheric moisture, or the leaves will soon be disfigured with the spot disease. S34 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoVEMBER, 1914. ey he See citie macrocarpum is one of the commonest of cultivated species, but very few plants of it have such an interesting history as one in the collection of G. Rae Fraser, Esq., Piggott’s Manor, Letchmore Heath. This has been recorded by Mr. Fraser in his ‘‘ Caribbean. Notes,” which appeared some time ago in the 4 berdeen Journal, as follows :— oS CATASETUM MACROCARPUM. ‘“THE VERSATILE ORCHID.” ‘Amongst the acquaintances I made in 1go8 at the Queen’s Park Hotel was Mr. De Courcy Hamilton, who had gone to Trinidad to report upon some Cocoa estates. In a plantation somewhere near the Pitch Lake he picked off a tree a monstrous Orchid bulb, with the intention of taking it home in the ‘‘ Orinoco,’”’ but when we neared Southampton he got tired of it, and declared his intention of throwing it overboard unless | would care to have it. I was glad to take it, being curious to know what sort of a flower, if any, such a monstrosity would produce. I handed it over to my gardener, and for two years it produced nothing but leaves. It bloomed first in September, 1g10, just in time to celebrate my daughter's wedding, but the sickly yellowish green flowers were so hideously eccentric that nobody would dream of using them for table decoration. I sent 4. specimen to the Royal Horticultural Society for identification, and they were so interested in it that they asked me to send the spike to the Museum at Kew. It proved to be the female flowers of the extraordinary Catasetum macrocarpum (otherwise known as C. tridentatum), which was supposed to produce male and neuter flowers also, differing so much from one another in appearance that, as Darwin points out in his work on the Fertilization of Orchids, the plants bearing them have been treated by botanists as three different species. This discovery led me to wonder whether my bulb on its second blooming would produce either a male or a neuter flower. It tried to flower in April and September, Ig1I, but on each occasion, through carelessness, the buds were destroyed by slugs. In September, 19! ” flowered successfully, and the bloom was again female. But, to my joy: ™ October, 1913, it produced an entirely different flower, rather attractive ” appearance, which I handed to Mr. Rolfe at Kew, and he identified as masculine. He was delighted to add it to the Museum collection, and expressed his intention to affix the spikes of the male and female flowers from my plant to the same mount. As my gardener had separated the original bulb into four, I gave two of these to Kew and retained the others; the newest of which had gone into bud just before I started for Jamaica. I hoped it might produce a neuter spike, but the result was only another NovEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 335 spike of masculine flowers, and to add to my disappointment I have since heard from Mr. Rolfe that the third sex is a myth.” 7 “‘T called upon Mr. Freeman, the present superintendent of the Botanic Gardens at Trinidad, to tell him the history of my versatile bulb, and to ask permission to visit his Orchid house. He telephoned to his foreman, but somehow or other the message miscarried, and there was no one to meet me when I arrived at the gardens. I had, however, a most intelligent and loquacious negro cabby, who, when he heard the object of my visit, told me that he knew a good deal about Orchids, as he had been employed to collect them in Colombia, Venezuela, and Brazil, and he conducted me to the Orchid house, where I found quite a large collection of the bulbs _ of my particular Catasetum, one with a female flower and another in bud. He took me afterwards to the Orchid house of Mr. Andre, a famous collector, and there also I found’several specimens of the interesting bulb, but not one in bloom. Trinidad is, I imagine, its sole or principal habitat.”’ The production of male and female flowers by this versatile plant has already been recorded in our pages O.R., Xx. p. 3743 XXi. pp. 39, 383), and now the plant has gratified Mr. Fraser by producing a flower which is neither the one nor the other, and if not neuter in the sense of the term used by Darwin, it is as nearly neuter as the plant is ever likely to produce. This inflorescence produced three flowers, two of them females, but the third combined the general shape of the female with the presence of the antennz of the column and the pollinia of the male, though in both cases smaller than in the normal male flower. It is thus hermaphrodite, but not the hermaphrodite described by Darwin, which Mr. Fraser naturally hoped tosee. Such flowers, with neither sex perfect, are occasionally seen in the genus. This inflorescence is also being preserved at Kew. Darwin’s hermaphrodite was something quite different. That author remarked: ‘“ Botanists were astonished when Sir R. Schomburgk stated that he had seen three forms, believed to constitute three distinct genera, namely Catasetum tridentatum, Monachanthus viridis, and Myanthus barbatus, all growing on the same plant. Lindley remarked that ‘such cases shake to the foundation all.our ideas of the stability of genera and species.’”” Darwin investigated these three forms, and came to the conclusion: “ Myanthus barbatus may be considered as an hermaphrodite form of the same species of which the Catasetum is the male and the Monachanthus the female.” He also figured the three, but Mr. Fraser will never find them all on the same plant. The unfortunate fact is that the females of three different Catasetums have been called Monachanthus Vitidis, Lindl. Darwin’s supposed hermaphrodite is simply the male of Catasetum barbatum, Lindl., and his Monachanthus viridis the female of 336 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoVEMBER, 1914. the same. It is much smaller than the female of C. macrocarpum (tridentatum), which is shown at t. 1752 of the Botanical Register, and has again appeared with Mr. Fraser. It may be added that C. macrocarpum occurs in Trinidad, British and French Guiana, Brazil, in the Bahia, Rio de Janeiro, Pernambuco, and Amazonian districts, and in Venezuela, in the latter occurring in company with C. Bungerothii, with which it is believed to intercross, yielding the remarkable polymophic C. splendens, whose history was given last month (pp. 316-317). KAW Aaa 6 THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. By C. ALWYN HarrISON. 6) HIS month is a somewhat trying one, as owing to the variability of the weather usually experienced in November it is often a difficult matter to maintain an even temperature. If possible keep the thermometer ranging between 55° to 60° by day, with a slightly lower degree of warmth during the night. Ventilate freely as external conditions permit, but if the weather is foggy no.air must be admitted whilst this horror is loading the atmosphere. Immediately it clears off the roof glass should be washed. Damping will now need to be considerably diminished. On dull days a single syringing of the staging and path will be sufficient, but if the weather is bright, twice a day may be found necessary, but nothing is more detrimental to the health of any Orchid than to be grown in a cold, damp atmosphere. If excessive atmospheric moisture be necessary, it must also be accompanied by a rise in the temperature. In a garden. devoted to the culture of all manner of plants, there will probably now be.less outside work, and consequently more time can be spared for the houses. The present will be found a very desirable time for the cleaning of all the Orchid collections; scale especially may give trouble at this time. This is usually found on the rhizomes of the old bulbs, and concealed under the skin-like covering on the newer pseudobulbs, and is especially predominant on old Cattleya plants. The best method of eradication is to paint the affected parts with methylated spirit. If any Orchids have not been repotted this season, but are in fairly good compost, it will be better to defer disturbing them until the following spring. Plants repotted in November and December often fail te re-establish themselves with the same vigour as those repotted in the spring: Lelia anceps will now be commencing to throw up its long flower spikes, and these should be neatly staked, and the plants kept just moist. Cattleya labiata, the very beautiful C. Fabia, and other C. Dowiana aurea hybrids will now be in their full beauty, and others too numerous to mention. NoveMBER, 1914.| THE ORCHID REVIEW. 334 ODONTONIA MAGALI-SANDER VAR. XANTHOTES. . annexed figure shows the charming Odontonia Magali-Sander var. xanthotes, which was exhibited at the R.H.S5. meeting held on October 20th last by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., and to which an Award of Merit was given. It is a seedling from the same batch as that described at page 286 of our September issue, and its history is interesting. There is a plant of the rare Miltonia Warscewiczii xanthina in the collection of 0. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, and this was crossed with the Fig. 43. ODONTONIA MAGALI-SANDER VAR. XANTHOTES. ierense xanthotes supplied by and the seeds were lings divided Pollen of a fine Odontoglossum armainvill Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. A good capsule resulted, germinated by Messrs. Charlesworth, and the resulting seed between the two establishments. The one previously described was the first of the batch to flower. The figure will show how much the general shape of the Miltonia parent has been retained, especially in the lip; the flower, however, is larger and the sepals and petals more acute. The 8tound-colour is cream-white, with greenish yellow markings, while the broad lip is cream-white, with a yellow crest and a broad zone of the same 538 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoveMBER, 1914. colour in front of it. It has apparently a good constitution, and should develop into a very charming thing when the plant becomes strong. We are indebted to Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. for the photograph. ee SOCIETIES. ae RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. HE Royal Horticultural Hall was, after all, available for the usual fortnightly meeting announced for October 6th, but afterwards restricted to a meeting of the Committees, for the military authorities at the last moment agreed to place the Hall again at the disposal of the Council. A hurried notice was therefore issued to exhibitors, which brought together a number of choice exhibits, but the attendance of visitors was very meagre, as the altered arrangements were not generally known. Orchids were not numerous, and only one medal was awarded to a group, but three First-class Certificates and two Awards of Merit were given to choice things. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, W. Bolton, T. Armstrong, F. Sander, S. W. Flory, E. H. Davidson, A. Dye, W. H. White, R. Brooman White, C. H. Curtis, F. M. Ogilvie, F. J. Hanbury, R. G. Thwaites, J. Wilson Potter, R. A. Rolfe, Stuart Low, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. T. J. Finnie, Esq., Claygate Lodge, Claygate, sent a small group of six Cattleya labiata, from plants brought by him from Brazil three years ag0 and since then grown very successfully. The forms were varied in colour, and one bore two spikes of four flowers each. A Bronze Banksian Medal was awarded. Elizabeth Lady Lawrence, Burford (Orchid grower Mr. W. H. White); sent a very fine spike of Vanda Maroniz (suavis x teres), bearing a dozen of its beautiful rose and white flowers. It is figured at page 209 of our eleventh volume. J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis), sent a form of Leeliocattleya Thyone, and Cattleya Bronze-King (Davisii X Dowiana aurea), a promising form, most like the former in general shape, and having bronzy yellow sepals and petals, with reddish veining, and 4 darker, much veined lip. R. G. Thwaites, Esq., Chessington, Streatham (gr. Mr. J. Hannington), sent Sophrocattleya Blackii vars. The Cardinal and Prince of Orange (S. grandiflora x C. Hardyana), two promising things, the former crimson- scarlet and the latter much more orange in colour. NoveMBER, 1914-] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 330 Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, sent Oncidium bicallosum splendidissimum and O. bicallosum aureum, the former a particularly fine form, and the latter smaller but having the flowers almost entirely yellow. They also sent a fine example of Ccelogyne Veitchii, bearing two pendulous spikes of pure white flowers. Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent a fine bright rose-coloured form of Brassocattleya Ilene, with a light yellow throat to _. the well-fringed lip. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a good form of Cattleya Venus, and C. Sylvia citrina (C. Fabia alba x C. Dowiana aurea), a pretty yellow form. Mr. G. Little, Groomsbridge, showed a fine plant of Oberonia myriantha, bearing two long spikes of its curious brown flowers. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, sent Miltonia Bleuana General Joffre, a very fine form, with flowers four inches in diameter, and blush white, with the basal half of the petals rose, and some brown rays at the base of the lip. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Catrteya Princess-RoyaL (Fabia x Hardyana).—A magnificent hybrid, bearing a spike of three flowers, and having broad, rosy mauve sepals and petals, and a rich purple-crimson lip, with numerous yellow veins in the throat. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. CaTTLEYA RHODA FowLer’s VAR. (Iris X Hardyana).—A handsome thing, having flowers of good shape and substance, with broad, Indian red sepals and petals, and the lip entire, undulate in front, and ruby crimson in colour, with some yellow veining at the base. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. L&LiocaTrLeya Mrs. EVELYN NORRIE (parentage unrecorded).—A large and handsome hybrid, bearing a spike of three flowers, with canary yellow sepals and petals, and a dark violet-purple lip, tinged with yellow in front and with some whitish basal lines. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. Awarps OF MERIT. CaTTLEYA ANTIOPE (Chamberlainiana X Dowiana aurea).—A hand- some hybrid, most like the latter in shape, and having cowslip yellow sepals and petals, with a purple-crimson velvety lip, lined with yellow at the base. —Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. LetiocatrLeya BRITANNIA var. Melanie (L.-c- Canhamiana alba GC. Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Beyrodt).—A charming hybrid, most like the attleya parent in shape, and having well-shaped white sepals and petals, and the front lobe of the lip violet-purple, with a paler margin. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. —— NNT 340 THE ORCHID REVIEW. |NOVEMBER, Igr4. At the meeting held on October 20th, the Orchids exhibited were rather more numerous, though below the average for the season, and the attendance was rather small. Two medals were awarded for groups, the other awards being one First-class Certificate and three Awards of Merit. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, S. W. Flory, G. Hunter, A. Dye, E. H. Davidson, W. P. Bound, H. G. Alexander, J. E. Shill, C. H. Curtis, W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, Walter Cobb, F. J. Hanbury, R. A. Rolfe, C. J. Lucas, A. McBean, T. Armstrong, Stuart Low, and Sir Harry J. Veitch. T. J. Finnie, Esq., Claygate Lodge, Claygate (gr. Mr. Frogley), sent good forms of Cattleya labiata, one of them a fine specimen bearing seven inflorescences, and an aggregate of twenty-eight flowers, forming a very effective picture. Col. C. Francis Hayhurst, Bostock House, Middlewich (gr. Mr. A. H. Hall), sent Cypripedium Rolfei var. Col. Hayhurst (bellatulum xX Roth- schildianum), a vigorous plant, bearing a single flower with very dark veining on a cream-coloured ground. His Grace The Duke of Marlborough, Blenheim Palace, Woodstock (gr. Mr. G. Hunter), sent Leliocattleya luminosa Blenheim var., a fine form, having bronzy yellow sepals and petals, and a broad violet-purple lip. A. Meyer, Esq., The: Briars, Whetstone, N., sent Lzeliocattleya Ledru Rollin (Carmen X Fabia), a well-shaped flower, with lilac-coloured sepals and petals, and a dark purple lip. Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom (gr. Mr. Farnes), sent Brasso- cattleya Cliftonii The Globe, bearing two flowers, with very broad light- coloured sepals and petals and a well-fringed lip. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a group of choice things, including good forms of Cattleya Adula and Fabia, C. Frederickiz alba, C. labiata Penelope, white with a purple blotch on the front of the lip, Dendrobium formosum giganteum, D. Dearei, and D. Phalenopsis, a well-flowered Catasetum Randii, much like C. barbatum but with a much-toothed crest to the lip, Odontoglossum apterum with a four-flowered spike, a good form of O. crispum, Odontioda Joan and a dark O. Brewii, Leeliocattleya Golden Oriole, Thyone, luminosa, Arachne, Elinor and others, Brassocattleya Veitchii Queen Alexandra, Cypripedium Germaine Opoix, &c. (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including some good examples of Cattleya Hardyana, Mantinii, labiata, Fabia, Peeters!» and others, Leliocattleya Phoenix, Astorie, and Ophir, a profusely- flowered Dendrobium erizflorum, a good example of the rare Peristeria aspersa, with nearly globular flowers, spotted with dull purple on 4 pale eee a PRS Oo ~ tw PE re eee, aa ra S eao _ Victoria).—A beautiful hybrid, having greenish yel Merc, 1914.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 34] eround, Ccelogyne assamica and Moorei, the fine Cirrhopetalum Rothschildianum, Warscewiczella Sanderiana, with light green sepals and petals and a large violet-purple blotch on the white lip, Brasso- catlelia Wotan (B.-c. Leemannie xX L.-c. callistoglossa), Vanda Kimballiana and the pretty variety alba, Lycaste Imschootiana, Cypripedium Chapmanii, and other interesting things (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, staged Cattleya Princess-Royal (Hardyana x Fabia), having white sepals and petals mottled with pink, and a well coloured lip, C. Snowdon (C. Suzanne Hye de Crom x labiata alba), a promising albino, and Leliocattleya Sand- hurstiana (L.-c. Norba X C. Dowiana aurea), having nankeen yellow sepals and petals and a deep crimson-purple lip. Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a small group, including some good forms of Dendrobium Phalznopsis, Brassocattleya Marie, Cattleya Bowringiana atrosanguinea, with very richly-coloured flowers, C. Mantinii, some good C. Fabia, Leliocattleya Cappel with four flowers, Cypripedium Rossetti, C. Leeanum, and others. Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co., Orchid Dene, Twyford, sent Cattleya labiata Rubens and C. |]. Empress, two richly-coloured forms, and a beautiful example of C. O’Brieniana alba with a spike of six fine flowers. Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent a small group, including good forms of Cattleya labiata, Fabia, and Iris, examples of Odontioda Charlesworthii, Lambeauiana, and Bradshawiz, the pretty Odontonia brugensis, Cymbidium Doris and Pauwelsii, Brassocattleya Iris, and others. Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent Zygopetalum Blackii (crinitum x Perrenoudii), a promising hybrid, having ehocprate: brown sepals and petals margined with green, and the lip veined and tinged with violet blue on a white ground. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent a pretty Sylvia, and C. Minucia with a spike of five well-developed flowers. FirsT-CLass CERTIFICATE. ik PUMILA ALBA ORCHID. DENE:VAR—A VOY charming albino, bearing two large and beautifully shaped white flowers, with a little light yellow in the throat of the lip. Exhibited by Messrs. E. H. Davidson & Co. Awarps OF MERIT. CaTrLeya Ajax ORCHIDHURST VaR. (C. Dowiana aurea X oe - —A very pretty variety, bearing 4 spike of three flowers, having rose-p1p Sepals and petals, and a rich ruby red lip, well expan Y Messrs. Armstrong & Brown. La.iocatrieya Lapy OxipHant (L. yellow form of Cattleya ded in front. Exhibited -c. Norba X C. Souvenir de Queen ow sepals and petals, 342 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoVEMBER, Ig14. and a claret-coloured lip with some yellow veining at the base. Exhibited by Pantia Ralli, Esq. OpONTONIA MAGALI-SANDER VAR. XANTHOTES.—A very charming variety, exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., whose history and a figure are given at page 337. MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND ORCHID. At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on September 24th, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. J. Bolton, J. C. Cowan, J. Cypher, J. Evans, J. Howes, A. J. Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, J. Smith, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), staged a mixed group, to which a Silver-gilt Medal was awarded. It contained some excellent Cattleyas, Cypripediums, and Miltonias, Odontoglossum Bronze- Dragon, Brunette, and Fletcherianum, Odontiodas Brewii and Diana, Dendrobium Phalznopsis, and others. Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), was also awarded a Silver-gilt Medal for a group, composed principally of Cattleyas, Lelio- cattleya Dominiana, Brassocattleya Maronii, Cypripedium Chorltonil, Rossetti, and others. Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), was awarded a Silver Medal for a fine group of Odontoglossums and Cypripediums. H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill (gr. Mr. Morgan), sent the rare Cypripedium Charlesworthii var. Bromilowianum. Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a mixed group, to which a Silver Medal was awarded. It contained some fine Cypripediums, Oncidium incurvum album and O. varicosum Rogersil, Odontoglossum grande, Dendrobium formosum giganteum and Leeliocattleya Nysa. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, were also awarded a Silver Medal for a group of Cattleyas and Cypripediums, with Anguloa Cliftonii, Odonto- glossum grande, Dendrobium Sandere, and others. 7 Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, were awarded a Bronze Medal for a group of Cypripediums with Cattleya Mantinii, Lzeliocattleya Walter Gott, and others. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, London, staged hybrid Cattleyas- FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Cattleya Empress-Frederick alba (C. Mossiz. Wageneri X Dowiana aurea), a well-set flower, with sepals and petals pure white, the throat of the lip lightly veined, and the base well coloured. From S. Gratrix, Esq. Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Brown), _ ‘Stfongize var. Mrs. Ward, Dendrobium formosum gigan Oe ee a ee ee Tee ee pe 5 A at tp alle te < OpontocLossuM URo-EXCELLENS.—A flower of a very interesting and Pretty hybrid Odontoglossum is sent from the collection of Richard Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, Newchurch, Manchester, by Mr. Gilden. It 8 said to have been raised from O. Uroskinneri x excellens, and received an Award of Appreciation from the Manchester and North of England Orchid Society on September 24th last. It most resembles the 0, excellens Parent in shape and colour, though somewhat modified by the influence of the other parent. The sepals and petals are light yellow in colour, with Several large red-brown blotches, and the lip is cream white, with a similar blotch in front of the crest and a few smaller spots near the margin. We io have Not seen the plant, which may show more of the O. Uroskinnerl Influence, sis 4 352 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [NoveMBER, 1914 & | ORCHID PORTRAITS. NGRCUM SEsQuUIPEDALE.—Garden, 1914, p. 527, fig. ANGULOA RUCKERI.—Orch. World, v. p. 12, fig. CATTLEYA AJAX ORCHIDHURST VAR.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p. 761, fig. * CaTTLEYA Mossi# (white vars. of).—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. p. 236, Suppl. fig. CYMBIDIUM EBURNEO-LowIANUM.—Orch. World, v. p. 4, fig. CyMBIDIUM TRACYANUM.—Orch. World, v. p. 22, fig. CYPRIPEDIUM CONSTANCE VAR. JAMES H. VEITcH.—Orch. World, v. p. 17, fie, CYPRIPEDIUM lo.—Orch. World, v. p. 17, fig. CYPRIPEDIUM STONEI PLATYTZNIUM.—Orch. World, v. p. 18, fig. GALEANDRA DeEvoniAna.—Orch. World, v. p. 5, fig. DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 271, fig. HABENARIA SUSANN2.— Orch. World, v. p. 11, tig HovutceTia WALLIsiI.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 245, fig. L#ELIA PURPURATA ALBA.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p. 723, fig. LA&LIA PUMILA ALBA ORCHID DENE var.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. p- 283, fin txy: L@LIOCATTLEYA Mrs. EvELYN NorriE.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p- 735: fig. L2&LIOCATTLEYA PaLLas.—Orch. World, v. p. 14, fig. MASDEVALLIA VEITCHIANA.—Orch. World, v. pe 2k, fig.: VANDA CGRULEA WESTONBIRT VAR.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 258, fig VanDa HooKERIANA.—Crch. World, v. p. 9, fig. k] ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. kj {Orchids are named and questions answered here as far as possible. Correspondents yy: gra e ly the native country or parentage of plants sent. An ADDRESSED postcard must 0¢ i ly by post is desired (abroad, reply postearis should a used). Subjects of special ntevect “oil 4 dealt with in the body of t rk] F. J. Le » Oncidium Leiboldii, Rchb. f.; 2, Isochilus linearis, R. Br.3 3 Epidendrum canes, Swartz 4, Epidendrum globosum, Rchb. f. ; 5, Pieurothallis, re be aad later. The plant is fees taken care of. The other matters are being duly atte X.—We do not think ge mages heli ge = neheoe = poker of pocraeaer hybrids from which they derived. = know that Be é batch oe ee ne ree same parentage aide one specific name, adc! distinguishing varietal names as necessar ry. Received with thanks :—A.C., H.T.P., F.T. , F.J.Le M., S. & Sons. Photographs received with thanks 6, & Co., F.J.Le M. nn ——~ a (0 ig He > Cv ‘ VoL. XXII. DECEMBER, 1914. No, 264. J lll bid UNUM LOU % AT f, y on RANGA WAAWANHAAdAG|AF AGAPAFAiApAn_APq§Ay'i'lFP_A_ BAA AAW bs Edited by R. eALLEN ROLFE, A.L.S. : ; CONTENTS: PAGE ; PAGE y Amateur’s Collection . eas ... 373 | Orchids in ee i oe Re ie American Exhibiti ... 370 | Orchid Portrai Toe. are Answers to Correspondents 376 | R.H. a Scent Committee a 374 Calanthe Branchii 375 Shoe Sorat oa 363 sdatgg of Operations for December 357 Manchester and N orth of ng an . Colman, Sir Jeremiah, Bart-, V.M.H. 356 rchi s, 367th a Toft een New York Horticultural... ©. 369 | Grammatophyllu speciosum ee Pennsylvania Bicicicuinarst wet : Lecliocatleya Chamberainiana see ae Royal Horticaltaral Scum: BOB iltonioda Ajax a 5-4 ontoglossum grande Pittianum ... 362 ; CLUGT RATIONS. ae Oncidium Leiboldii 61 | Colman, Sir Jeremiah, Bart., akin ; Orchid hybridisation ; Some results 0 of 353 an ; i ron Eger Orchid Notes and New 374 | Oncidium Leiboldii_ .. ee See 3 : ba FRONTISPIECE, TITLE PAGE, AND INDEX. 2 Saat Se ca sa j KEW: FRANK LESLIE & Co., 12, LAWN CRESCENT, London Agents : MARSHALL BROTHERS, LTD., 47, Paternoster Row, E,C.! q 3 l PRICE SIXPENCE MONTHLY. Post FREE, 7/- PER ANNUM ( overisat. ) Ss [All rights reserved.) ee > eo 3 g NOTICES The ORCHID REVIEW is published hin deienltd at the ti a of each month, price 6d. net. 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SCALE OF CHARGES FOR ADVERTISEMENTS. 2 a a 22.4, Five lines and under in column... 0 2 6 Half column or quarter page = O18 2 Per line after — Oo O38 One column or half page “3 2 Dne-eighth e wi O40 Whole page “ “ee Oe Quarter wires or F aighth page we Oe e Editor invites communications on interesting ae igs “(which should be written on one side of the paper only), also portraits, &c., of ra Advertisements and late news should be pre: not later fas the 24th of the month. THE ORCHID STUD-BOOK. An Enumeration of Hybrid Orchids ot Artificial Origin, with their parents, raisers, date of first flowering, references to descriptions and figures, and synonomy. With chapters on the History of Orchid Hybridisation and on Hybridisng and raising Orchids from seéd, a Bibliography of Hybrid Literature, and 120 illustrations. By R. A. ROLFE anp C. C. HURST. e Post free, 7s, 11d, within the United Kingdom; 8s, Bd, abroad. Should be ordered from the Orchid Review Office direct (see opposite ), - THE ORCHID REVIEW. sir JEREMIAH COLMAN, Bart., V.M.H. (See page 356). r> > 2 en 3 ’ Che Orchid Review “ 3 VoL. XE. DECEMBER, 1914. No. 264. fo : — =) C.. Xo) A MEETING and house dinner of the Horticultural Club was held at the Hotel Windsor, Victoria Street, Westminster, on November 17th, under the Presidency of Sir Harry J. Veitch, when the subject of the lecture was ‘‘Some Results of Orchid Hybridisation,” by Mr. H. J. Chapman, Oakwood Gardens, Wylam, who illustrated his remarks by a large number of autochrome and hand-coloured lantern slides. The lecturer referred to the remarkable results obtained by Orchid hybridists especially in the intercrossing of allied genera, which had resulted in a great progressive development that was particularly evident in the great variety of Orchids now obtainable in flower during the winter months. Commencing with the genus Phaius, the lecturer showed flowers of the species which have been so successfully crossed at Oakwood, with the resulting hybrids, including a few well-grown specimens in. which the colouring was remarkably well shown. He then passed on to Odonto- glossums and showed a remarkable series of blotched hybrids, including a number of the most diverse seedlings obtained from the same capsule; in the case of the secondary hybrid O. percultum the same pod had produced every intermediate form from white to solid purple. A large series of Slides was shown, of both the original species and the primary and secondary hybrids, including a number of plants in flower, in which some tealistic effects were obtained, especially in groups intermixed with the scarlet Odontiodas, which have now attained such a marvellous develop- ment under the hands of the hybridist. Passing to the Cypripedium group, Mr. Chapman showed some of the Popular species and hybrids of both the Old World and the American Cypripedes, and also a transverse section of the ovary in each to show the essential distinctness in structure. Showing a good slide of C. insigne . Sander, the lecturer remarked that it had several times been raised true from seed when self-fertilised, but when crossed with so-called albinos of Other species it invariably reverted to ordinary coloured forms. This. 353 cas ES SOME RESULTS OF ORCHID HYBRIDISATION. 354 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (DECEMBER, 1914 tendency to reversion, however, had been overcome by recrossing with the albino parent. One slide showed the result of crossing C. Leeanum with C. insigne Sandere, yielding C. Actezeus, which recrossed with the same pollen parent gave C. San-Acteus, and in the next generation C. San- ac-derze, which possessed the same albino characteristics as the original C. insigne Sander. Other albinos were capable of reproducing their characteristics when self-fertilised, and there were several cases where two whites crossed had produced true albinos, as in the case of Cattleya intermedia alba x C. Mossize Wageneri, producing the well-known C. Dusseldorfii Undine. The genus Calanthe showed some of the highest results hybridisation had yet achieved, and Mr. Chapman expressed the opinion that if similar progress were obtained in other families of plants in the future there will be such a distribution of colour as can hardly be imagined. At the outset C. vestita, a white flower having a purple disc, was crossed with C. rosea, having small rose-coloured flowers, yielding the well-known C. Veitchii, and all of which were shown, together with slides of the succeeding generation. Further crossing had yielded such diverse varieties as the rich carmine-rose C. Angela and C. Chapmanii. The colour had been turned completely inside out, the white occurring in the central disc and the deep red on the sepals and petals and outer lubes of the lip. This development was illustrated by a series of slides. Turning to the bigeneric hybrids, the lecturer said that they were now so numerous as to form a subject that could only be treated thoroughly if an evening were reserved for them, but he showed slides which illustrated some of the more important crosses, particularly among the Odontiodas, of which some remarkable and beautiful flowers were exhibited. A long series of hybrids of the most diverse genera, with their parents, were shown and were greatly admired. In opening the discussion which followed the exhibition of the slides Mr. R. A. Rolfe reviewed some of the subjects upon which the lecturer had touched. With regard to the great preponderance of blotched forms found among hybrid Odontoglossums, he thought it was a case of reversion. Taking the genus as a whole, the yellow and blotched forms were far more numerous than the white, which latter might be regarded as the latest stage of development, and reversion was a common feature among hybrids. The sections of the ovary of the Old and New World Cypripedes thrown upon the screen were interesting, and showed a fundamental difference between the two groups. And there was another difference, which Dr. Lindley always anticipated would be found, but failed himself to detect, namely, that in the former the sepals were imbricate but in the latter valvate. The difference was well seen by cutting a bud across. For along time the two DEeCEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 355 could not be crossed, but he believed one true hybrid between them had flowered. The hardy Cypripediums formed a third group, and there was a fourth, consisting of tall, Sobralia-like plants practically unknown in cultivation, though he had once seen one of them. In his opinion they constituted four perfectly distinct genera. The colour slides shown were excellent, and of the highest value as records. He greatly preferred photographic reproductions to hand-painted paintings, and looked forward to the time when photographs would be reproduced in colour with the same accuracy as was already obtained in form. Mr. F. K. Sander emphasised the enormous commercial value that now pertained to Orchid hybrids. In any collection of exhibited Orchids the proportion of hybrids to species was altogether more favourable to hybrids than formerly. Not only had Orchid hybridisation given to Orchid culture a great stimulus over all the world, but Orchid growers might claim that the results had stimulated the efforts of hybridists in every other class of plants. Mr. W. Watson made some remarks upon the history of Orchid hybridisation, and referred to the fact that it was due to an amateur, Dr. Harris, a medical man, that John Dominy was first led to attempt the cross-fertilisation of Orchids—that attempt being rewarded, as everyone now knows, in the raising of Calanthe Dominyi, which was first recorded in the Gardeners’ Chronicle in 1858. Mr. Watson added that the hand- coloured slides exhibited that evening were the best he had seen. Mr. A. Worsley pointed out that the albinos mentioned by the lecturer were not strictly albinos. They were only albinos in the sense that certain colours in other flowers were undeveloped in them. But they were not pure white to the exclusion of green, brown, and other colours. Consequently it was not surprising that occasionally the colour development was considerable. At the same time certain crosses undoubtedly possessed the quality of fixity. Sir Harry Veitch, in prop eee to several episodes in the early history of Orchid hybridisation, that he was perfectly sure that the members of the club would be €xceedingly grateful to Mr. Chapman if he would fulfil his yas on some : m on the subject of bigeneric hybrids. osing a vote of thanks to the lecturer, referred and said orthcoming occasion and speak to the MiLtoniopa Ajax.—Fragrance is an unusual quality among the hybrids of Cochlioda Noetzliana, and we were agreeably surprised to find that the flowers of Miltonioda Ajax possess a pleasant odour of Carnations, which Presumably must have come from the other parent, Miltonia Schroederiana. The Kew plant is bearing an inflorescence of nineteen flowers, and we observe also an exudation of nectar from the axils of the bracts.—R.A.R. 356 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1914. @ KO) SIR JEREMIAH COLMAN, BART., V.M.H. Soe (See Frontispiece.) NO} IR JEREMIAH COLMAN, Bart., V.M.H., to whom we have much pleasure in dedicating the present volume, and whose portrait appears as the Frontispiece, has long been one of our most enthusiastic and successful amateur Orchidists, and his collection at Gatton Park, Reigate, is rich in showy species and botanical rarities, as well as in hybrids—the latter for the most part raised in the collection—its excellence being apparent from the groups exhibited at the principal Shows of the Royal Horticultural Society, as well as at some of the fortnightly meetings. Dendrobiums have long been favourites at Gatton, and the success with which they are grown has been demonstrated by some magnificent groups that have been staged in the Royal Horticultural Hall, Westminster. Sir Jeremiah has been a member of the R.H.S. Orchid Committee since 1899, and ten years later was elected a Vice-Chairman. The collection was for some years under the care of Mr. W. P. Bound, and latterly under that of Mr. J. Collier, and some idea of its richness may be formed from accounts which have appeared in our pages (xiii. PP- 344-346; Xv. pp. 250-252; XVI. pp- 294-295), and it may be added that Gatton Park is one of the few places where the remarkable Arachnanthe Cathcartii and the very curious Dendrobium cucumerinum are successfully grown. AN ABNORMAL ODONTOGLOssUM.—A curious spike of Odontoglossum eximium var. Stanleyi (armainvillierense x crispum) is sent by Messrs. Swan & Price, Keyfield Nurseries, St. Albans, in which the three lower flowers are abnormal, the petals being apparently missing, while the eight others are normal. The five uppermost flowers have a very broad white margin and a large central red-purple blotch, but in the three next the sepals are more elongated, and the blotches much broken up and irregular, as in the sepals of the abnormal basal flowers. The cause is not apparent, for Mr. Price remarks that they have flowered the same plant for five years, and it has always been normal before, and that it is strong and in good health. And he adds: “If I had sold the plant from the painting, and the purchaser had seen the first flower before the others opened, I think the plant would have been returned to us as incorrect.” As regards the arrangement of the markings the difference quite corresponds to that of the two figures of Odontoglossum crispum Queen of the Earth figured in our r6th volume, the five upper flowers being comparable with the figure om page 232, and the others with that on page 233, as they appeared two years later. In this case, however, both kinds of flowers are borne together. It will be interesting to see how the plant behaves another year. DrceMBeER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 357 CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER. By T. W. Briscor, Late Foreman of Messrs. Veitch’s Hybridising Department. T this period of the year growth is slow, and the days are short, which two facts must be borne in mind in the general treatment of our plants. The temperatures and atmospheric moisture must be so adjusted that the plants will remain in a normal state, and those in a resting condition not be excited into activity. Extremes of temperature must be avoided, and every care ought to be taken when giving water. Sharp frosts may be experienced at any time, when it will be necessary to drive the fires rather harder, but it is not advisable to create a hot, stuffy atmosphere. The better plan would be to slightly lower the temperatures, which will reduce the amount of damping down, and thereby bring about those conditions that are most beneficial to Orchids at the end of the year. VENTILATION.—The ventilation now requires more thought and attention than at any other time. The top ventilators will be rarely opened, but the bottom ones may be used on all favourable occasions}; in fact they can be open more or less every day, excepting during fogs, extremely cold weather, and when from any cause the temperatures have fallen below the minimum. Each division should be vaporised with some reliable fumigant about every fortnight, and a close watch must be kept in the seedJing house for thrip and other insect pests. During this month the houses can be washed down, where such an operation is necessary, and all plant cleaning concluded by the end of the present year. CooL HousE.—This division is certainly one of the most important In collections of to-day, and in many instances it contains numerous choice and rare specimens. Throughout the winter months the watering and ventilation require extra care, and in regard to the former each plant ‘aust become moderately dry before water is given, otherwise excessive moisture will cause the compost to become sour, and then the roots soon decay. If the weather continues mild and open, the house can be freely ventilated, or growth will be weak and spindly, while little need be done in the way of damping down, especially where the gangway is made of ashes and sogieg Moisture holding material. No plant should be permitted to develop its full complement of flowers, unless it is strong and well rooted. CALANTHES.—Some of the vestita section will now be in flower, and they should be staged where the atmosphere is fairly dry and the aces aie ature near 60° Fahr., when the beautiful arching scapes will remain tn Perfection for a much longer period. Little or no water will be ae ate ‘when the spikes are cut the plants should be placed on a dry light she Antil signs of life are again apparent. 358 THE ORCHID REVIEW. _ [Decemper, 1914 Such plants as Thunias, Chysis, Catasetums, Mormodes, and Cycnoches all require a decided rest, and for the present must be kept on the dry side. L2&LIA ANCEPS.—The coloured varieties of this showy species are producing a bright display, to be followed in a few weeks by the chaste white forms. All are useful Orchids, but in some collections the latter do not prove so floriferous as the former. This may be partly if not wholly attributed to excessive shade, and lack of fresh air earlier in the season. SOPHRONITIS GRANDIFLORA.—This brilliant little Orchid is now im flower or bud, and care must be taken that no water is allowed to | accumulate in the new growth, or both flower scape and shoot may decay. Frequent root disturbance must not be practised, but if the soil has become stagnant a top-dressing of fresh material can be supplied, provided that root action is in evidence. Keep the base moderately dry, and if it is decided to use any flowers for hybridising purposes, select examples that are well rooted, and the compost in a sweet condition. SOPHRONITIS HYBRIDS.—These constitute a charming series, and should be represented in every collection. Some are rather small, and even the largest do not take up much space. It is best to arrange them in a batch at the cool end of the Cattleya house, or suspend them two feet from the roof glass. By adopting this method their requirements can be studied, and success is assured. The repotting is done at any time, but it is essential for roots to appear at the base of the partly-developed pseudobulb before operations are commenced. The usual Cattleya compost can be employed, but it must be cut up rather fine, and a fair amount of drainage should be placed in the bottom of the pans. A large quantity of soil about the roots is not needed, but careful watering is necessary at all times, while freedom from insect pests is of the greatest importance. A somewhat shady position should be chosen. EPIDENDRUMS.—This is a large and varied genus, which contains several plants of horticultural merit, such as E. radicans, E. xanthinum, E. Wallisii, E. Boundii, E. kewense, E. Armstrongii, and the rare E. Endresii. The tall-growing kinds are well adapted for covering walls and pillars, while the two latter are rather dwarf, and make ideal pot plants. The radieans section should be grown in rather large pots, and to produce a good effect ten or a dozen stems ought to be placed in each. To keep up a healthy stock, it will be necessary to propagate some of the top growths at intervals, so as to have a few potsful growing on, to take the place of any decrepit specimens. During the summer months the syringe should be used freely, and an occasional spraying with insecticide will hold in check thrip, which at times is rather troublesome to the new shoots. E.- vitellinum majus is a popular and well known plant, and as they pass the - flowering stage, cool treatment, with less water at the base, should be the DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 359 rule. There are several bigeneric hybrids from Epidendrum, but with the exception of Epiphronitis Veitchii they are of little value from the decorative point of view. L#:LIA PUMILA AND ITS VARIETIES.— When these charming little plants: have passed the flowering period, and root action is evident, any necessary repotting or top-dressing may be done. They succeed best in shallow pans without side holes, which should be suspended about two feet from the glass of the Intermediate house. The usual mixture can be used, but if the plants are not thriving, a few partly-decayed oak leaves may be added with advantage. A large quantity of soil is not conducive to healthy growth, so each receptacle should be filled one-half of its depth with drainage, the watering must not be overdone at any time, and although they may be producing their season’s growth, little water is needed until the new roots begin to penetrate the soil. During the resting period sufficient moisture should be given to keep the pseudobulbs in a rigid condition. Hyeprips OF LAELIA PUMILA.—These include a few fine plants, and so far as cultural treatment is concerned it is much the same as described above. Most of them flower before root action commences, and from the partly-developed growth. CaTTLEyAs.—Among those pushing up their flower spikes will be the gorgeous C. Trianz, and the pretty C. Percivaliana, which, in spite of its small flowers, still finds many admirers. A few degrees more warmth is. recommended directly the buds are seen at the base of the sheath, as a sudden fall in the temperature or cool treatment will cause the buds to decay. C. Lawrenceana has now completed its season’s growth, and may be kept on the dry side until the spikes appear, but’ on no account must the pseudobulbs be allowed to shrivel. These remarks apply to alk Cattleyas and their hybrids which have finished growing. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA AND ITS VARIETIES, with the hybrid M. Bleuana are now producing strong growths, and they should be placed about a foot from the roof glass at the cool end of the’ Cattleya house, or may be given a warm position in the Intermediate division. Careful watering must te the rule, or the tips of the leaves will soon show signs that something is wrong with the treatment. All Miltonias, when making their growth, are subject to attacks from thrip, so it is essential for the future welfare of the plants to make a periodical examination for these pests. If the young leaves adhere to each other they must be released with the handle of a budding knife, while the basal sheath of the new shoot should be removed if it interferes with the roots entering the soil or impedes the development of the current pseudobulb. TRICHOPILIAS.—Most of these have finished their growth, and from now onward water should be afforded somewhat sparingly. A cool, dry part of 360 THE ORCHID REVIEW. | DECEMBER, 1914. the Intermediate house should be chosen, and the plants placed fairly near to the glass. When they commence to grow they may be removed to the Cattleya house, and in due time any new compost can be given. Ordinary flower pots will suit the strong growing species, such as the beautiful T. suavis, but the less robust plants are best cultivated in rather shallow pans, which should be suspended from the roof. The ordinary compost may be employed, and when the repotting is done, the growing point may be slightly elevated above the rim of the receptacle. This will have a tendency to prevent the “lead” from damping off, but if the watering is properly carried out such a catastrophe rarely occurs, There are quite a number of interesting subjects in the genus Trichopilia, but from the decorative stand- point T. suavis and T. Backhouseana are usually selected. T. coccinea is also very handsome when well grown. DENDROBIUM ToFFTII is an interesting Australian species that was described in 1890 by F. M. Bailey (Syn. Queensl. Fl., Suppl. 3, p- 71); from materials collected on a creek of the Johnstone River, N. Queensland, by A. G. Tofft. The author remarked: “This new superb species approaches D. undulatum in habit and form of leaves. The stems, however, are much more compressed, and the flowers are both different in form and colour. The stems are said to be four to five feet high, and the inflorescences about 12 feet long, the sepals white, the petals faintly lined with violet, and frequently but not always curled, and the lip stained with violet and marked with forked veins, with three strong violet-coloured plates on the disc, and the column stained with violet. A plant bearing this name passed, with other Australian Orchids, into the collection of Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., some time ago, and was exhibited at the R.H.S. meeting held on November 17th last. It immediately recalled the Philippine D. taurinum, Lindl., and the exhibitor gave the inflorescence for preservation, and to enable the name to be verified. There is an authentic specimen from Prof. Bailey at Kew, consisting of a single leaf, a piece of the stem, and a single flower, from which the lip is, unfortunately, missing, but the sepals are narrower than in the plant exhibited and the petals relatively so much shorter, as to suggest that the two cannot be specifically identical. We should like to see better material of the Queens- land plant, for we do not see how the one exhibited can be separated from D. taurinum, which is also found in the Moluccas. The plant bore an erect inflorescence of three flowers, with whitish sepals, longer twisted petals tinged with lilac, and a broad lip tinged and veined with purple. It received a Botanical Certificate from the Scientific Committee. There are several other interesting North Australian species that are very imperfectly known at present.—R.A.R. 7 | | DrceMBER, 1914.) THE ORCHID REVIEW. 361 NS Vee Bee ONCLDIIM LEI BOL DI tf. A <4 NS HE annexed figure represents a very distinct and pretty little Cuban Oncidium which has flowered in the collection of Mr. F. J. Le Moyne, Station L., Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A. Mr. Le Moyne sends for determination. a dried inflorescence and two photographs, ‘‘one showing the whole plant reduced, and the other the inflorescence life size,’’ and he adds, ‘‘I think it is very pretty, and it is very fragrant.” The two photos Fig. 45. ONncipr1uM LEIBOLDII. have been combined in our figure. It belongs to the section Equitantia, which is characterised by the more or less equitant leaves, and, we believe, represents Oncidium Leiboldii, a species described by Reichenbach in 1863 (Walp. Ann., vi. p. 718), being based on a Cuban specimen collected by Leibold, to which was added as a synonym, O. variegatum, Lindl., in Asm. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, i. (1858) p. 332 (not of Swartz). The latter was based 362 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1914. on a specimen collected on bushes at Monte Verde, Cuba, by Wright (n. 668), and is accompanied by the note: ‘“‘ Flowers bright purple, lateral sepals and lateral lobes of labellum with a bright brownish spot at the base.” There has been further confusion in the history of this plant. Grisebach (Cat. Pl. Cub., p. 266) reduced O. Leiboldii as a synonym of O. variegatum, Swartz, together with what is called ‘‘O. Leiboldii var. velutinum, Lindl,” for which n. 1759 of Wright’s Cuban collection was cited. We do not find O. Leiboldii var. velutinum, Lindl., but what is clearly intended is O. velutinum, Lindl. (Paxt. Fl. Gard., i. p. 166), which Lindley explains he had, at least in part, included under O. variegatum in his earlier Orchidacee Lindeniane. And he adds: “ The plant is stated by M. Linden to vary with white or rose-coloured flowers as well as in stature—a large form growing in the pine forests of Yatara, in Cuba, the smaller on coffee trees in the Sierra Maestre, and on the Liban Mountain.” The number, Linden, 1759, is added in his later Folia Orchidacea (Oncid., p- 13), also St. Bartholomew’s, Fornstrom, the latter, a specimen which had been sent to him by Reichenbach, being something different. Linden n. 1759 in Lindley’s Herbarium contains two small specimens that clearly agree with the one here figured, and the Kew sheet of Wright n. 668 also contains a similar small piece, while another specimen was collected in 1895 by Combs (n. 532) at Loma de Ciego, Calicita, in the Cienfuegos district of the Province of Santa Clara, Cuba. Further information and specimens, with notes of colour, would be useful, for it is not clear how far the species mentioned grow intermixed. It is much smaller than O. velutinum, and we think quite distinct. It should be taken care of. R.A.R. ODONTOGLOSSUM GRANDE PiTTIANUM.—A flower of this handsome yellow variety is sent from the collection of H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Thurgood), which can best be described by saying that it is an O. grande with all the brown markings eliminated, these being replaced by deep yellow on a lighter yellow ground. It has been in Mr. Pitt’s collection for over seventeen years, having received an Award of Merit from the R.H.S. in October, 1897 (O.R., v. p. 291), and again two years later (vii. p. 319). A coloured plate has also appeared (Cogn. & Gooss. Dict. Ic. Orch., Odont. t. 13A). It is also known under the latter name of O. grande aureum, having been exhibited at a meeting of the R.H.S. held in October, 1901, by the late Mr. R. Tunstill (O.R., ix. p- 348), from whom we afterwards received a flower (x. p: 347), 14 also received a First-class Certificate from the Manchester Orchid Society in October, *goK (O.R., ix. p. 351), when exhibited by M. A. A. Peeters, Brussels. It Is a very charming variety. DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 363 Reise SOCIETIES. Ary | RoyaL HORTICULTURAL. MEETING of the Society was held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, on November 3rd last, when there was a rather small display of Orchids, and the awards consisted of one First-class Certificate, four Awards of Merit, and three medals. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), R. A. Rolfe, F. M. Ogilvie, T. Armstrong, W. Cobb, J. Charlesworth, J. Cypher, J. E. Shill, S. W. Flory, W. P- Bound, H. G. Alexander, A. Dye, W. H. White, E. H. Davidson, W. Bolton, Gurney Wilson, De B. Crawshay, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir _. Jeremiah Colman, Bart. W. R. Lee, Esq., Plumpton Hall, Heywood (gr. Mr. Branch), sent Odontioda Schroederi Lee’s var. (O. Bradshawie x Odm. crispum), a particularly fine form, having broad, crimson-red sepals and petals, margined and tipped with lilac. E. Whiteaway, Esq., Feltham Lodge, Feltham (gr. Mr. J. Tait), sent a flower of Brassocatlelia Gladys (C. x bicolor x B.-l. Veitchii), most resembling the latter. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a choice group, including some good forms of Cattleya Fabia, C. Hybla (Iris X Triane), a handsome form most resembling the latter, a fine C. Portia, C. Enid, C. Antiope, C. Phrygia with six flowers, and others, some fine forms of Lelio- cattleya Neleus, L.-c. Thyone, a dark form of Odontioda Brewii, O. Wilsonu, and O. Madeline, Odontoglossum Aireworth, O. hibernicum, Paphinia cristata with a twin-flowered scape, Oncidium pretextum, Dendrobium Dearei, Cypripedium Lord Ossulston, and _ others (Silver Flora Medal). — Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, containing some good examples of Cattleya Fabia, with C. Hardyana picturata, Mantinn, Acis (Maronii Xx Dowiana aurea), Brownii, Black-Prince, and Sylvia, Brassia longissima, Coelogyne Mooreana and brunnea, the latter with six racemes, Saccolabium acutifolium with ten corymbs of flowers, Liparis longipes, Brassocattleya Siren, Odontonia MacNabiana, Odontoglossum percultum, Cypripedium Corsair (Niobe X nitens), Germaine Opoix, Fairrieanum, and others (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a showy group, including some good forms of Leliocattleya luminosa, L.-c. eximia with six flowers, L.-c. Haroldiana Xx Cattleya F. W. Wigan, having yellow sepals and petals, more or less suffused and streaked with purple, and the 364 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1914. lip purple, with some yellow in the throat, fine forms of Cattleya Peetersii, C. Fabia and C. F. alba, well-flowered examples of Dendrobium superbiens, D. Vhalznopsis in light and dark varieties, richly-coloured forms of Vanda coerulea, Oncidium varicosum, O. incurvum album, and others (Silver Banksian Medal). Messrs. Armstrong & Brown, Tunbridge Wells, sent the handsome Brassocattleya Leemanniz Orchidhurst var., B.-c. Admiral Jellicoe (C. Rothschildiana x B.-c. Veitchii), having cream-white sepals and petals tinged with lilac and a rosy lilac lip, and Leliocattleya Hector (L.-c. Martinetii X C. Dowiana aurea), with yellow sepals and petals and a richly-coloured lip. Messrs. Flory & Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent a very good form of Anguloa Cliftonii, having much purple veining in the lip. Mr. E. V. Low, Vale Bridge, Haywards Heath, sent the beautiful white forms of Cattleya labiata called La Vierge, Mrs. E. Ashworth, R. I. Measures’ var., W. R. Lee, Daphne, and Pride of Southgate. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. Sean Fevicia Fow.er’s var. (S.-l. heatonensis x L. pumila). —A remarkably fine form, of excellent shape, having very broad, ruby purple sepals and petals, and a darker, undulate lip, the whole with an orange-scarlet hue which gives an effect of great brilliancy. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis). AWARDS OF MERIT. CATTLEYA ASTRON (Harrisoniana Xx Dusseldorfii Undine).—A very beautiful albino, having flowers of excellent shape, with a little light yellow in the throat of the lip. An Award of Merit was given on July 28th, but was withdrawn because a flower was not received for painting. Exhibited by Baron Bruno Schréder, The Dell, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. J. E. Shill). CYPRIPEDIUM NIRVINA (parentage unrecorded).—A large and well- shaped flower, most like a fine C. Leeanum, and having a pure white dorsal sepal with a few purple spots and some green at the base. Exhibited by W. R, Lee, Esq. L#LIOCATTLEYA NELEUS vaR. SuNsport (C. Iris X L.-c. Ophir).—A handsome form, the inflorescence bearing three fine flowers, with chrome yellow sepals and petals, and the lip most approaching C. Iris in shape, and reddish crimson, with some yellow lines at the base. Exhibited by F. Menteith Ogilvie, Esq., The Shrubbery, Oxford (gr. Mr. Balmforth). OponToGLossuM IRENE (Uroskinneri x Thompsonianum).—A striking thing, most like the former, and having plum purple sepals and petals, with whitish transverse bars, and a claret- purple lip, with a dark yellow crest. Exhibited by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 365. At the meeting held on November 17th there was a slight increase in the number of Orchid exhibits, and the awards consisted of four medals, two Awards of Merit, one Certificate of Appreciation, and one Cultural Commendation. Orchid Committee present: J. Gurney Fowler, Esq. (in the Chair), Messrs. J. O’Brien (hon. sec.), Gurney Wilson, De B. Crawshay, W. Bolton, S. W. Flory, E. H. Davidson, A. Dye, J. E. Shill, H. J. Chapman, C. H. Curtis, W. H. Hatcher, J. Cypher, J. Charlesworth, W. Cobb, A. McBean, F. J. Hanbury, F. M. Ogilvie, R. A. Rolfe, J. Wilson Potter, Sir Harry J. Veitch, and Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart. Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., Gatton Park, Reigate (gr. Mr. Collier), sent a plant of the rare Dendrobium Tofftii, a Queensland species closely allied to the Philippine D. taurinum, and bearing an erect inflorescence with three flowers, tinged with lilac towards the apex of the sepals and petals and with a broad, purple lip. J. T. Bennett-Pée, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt (gr. Mr. Downes), sent a good form of Brassocattleya Maronie. Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Haywards Heath, staged a fine group, including a good series of blotched Odontoglossums, O. armainvillierense xanthotes, bearing a fine panicle, O. eximium xanthotes, a fine white form with a cluster of deep yellow spots on the centre of the sepals and on the lip, Odontioda Zenobia, Paphinia cristata with a twin-flowered spike, Cattleya Enid, C. Fabia alba, C. Portia with a fine spike of thirteen flowers, Sophronitis grandiflora, Leliocattleya Neleus, L.-c. St.-Gothard, the richly-coloured L.-c. Black-Prince, Brassocattleya Rutherfordii, and B.-c. Maroniz alba, a promising hybrid from B.-c. Leemanniz X L.-c. luminosa, bearing three fine flowers veined with yellow and purple, Dendrobium Dearei, good examples of Cypripedium Gaston Bultel, C. insigne Sandere, and others, with a row of Miltonia Bleuana and M.. St.-Andre in front (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. J. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, staged a group of choice Cypripediums, in good examples, in which we noticed familiar forms of C. insigne and Leeanum, two well-grown C. Niobe, C. Madame Jules Hye, Boltonii, fulshawense, Gaston Bultel, beechense, elatior, C. Thalia Mrs. Francis Wellesley, and others (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Stuart Low & Co., Jarvisbrook, Sussex, staged a fine group, containing three brilliantly-coloured Vanda ccerulea, a good example of © V. Sanderiana with seven flowers, well-grown plants of Dendrobium Phalzenopsis, Lzliocattleya luminosa, two well-flowered Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldii, Cattleya labiata R. I. Measures’ var., and good forms of the type, C. Hardyana alba, C. Fabia, C. Dowiana aurea, Oncidium varicosum and var. citrinum, the latter a charming clear yellow form without a trace 366 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1914. -of brown, the pure white Coelogyne Veitchii, Cypripedium insigne Sandere, ‘Odontoglossum Rossiane, some good O. crispum, and others (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, staged a fine group, including some tichly-coloured forms of Cattleya Fabia, C. Fabia alba, C. Hardyana with nine flowers, C. Rhoda, Murillo, and Kienestiana, Leeliocattleya Decia and Britannia, Brassocattleya Seaforth-Highlander (B.-c. Leemanniz x L.-c. Aphrodite), pale rose with yellow throat, Coelogyne brunnea, ccellata, and Mooreana, Aérides Lawrencee with three spikes, a richly-coloured Stanhopea Wardii, Dendrobium formosum giganteum, a_well-flowered Angrecum distichum, Maxillaria luteo-alba, the graceful Dendrochilum filiforme, Cypripedium Arthurianum, Corsair, and others, Odontonia MacNabiana, Odontioda Devosiana, Cirrhopetalum refractum, Odonto- glossum Pheebe, &c. (Silver Flora Medal). Messrs. Flory and Black, Orchid Nursery, Slough, sent a plant of the original Zygocolax Veitchii. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, sent Cattleya Moira magnifica (Mantinii x Fabia), a richly-coloured hybrid, most like the former but larger in size, the yellow C. Sylvia sulphurea, and Leliocattleya Nestor (C. Warscewiczii x L.-c. Ophir), having white sepals and petals and a rosy lip. Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge, sent Sophrocattleya Pearl (S.-c. Doris X C. Portia), a very promising hybrid, the plant bearing two bright rosy crimson flowers, with some yellow lines in the throat of the lip. AWARDS OF MERIT. ODONTOGLOssUM CRISPUM MILLIE.—A very fine form, having broad, white sepals and petals, the former tinged with rose at the apex, and a -cinnamon-coloured blotch on the lip. The inflorescence carried four flowers, and had just borne a seed capsule. Exhibited by Messrs. Flory & Black. SOPHROCATTLEYA NOVEMBER (Cattleya Portia x Sophronitis grandi- flora).—A handsome hybrid, showing much of the influence of the Cattleya parent, and having bright rose-purple sepals and petals, the latter being very broad, and a bright ruby-red lip, with some yellow in the throat. Exhibited by J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Brackenhurst, Pembury (gr. Mr. J. Davis). CERTIFICATE OF APPRECIATION. CALANTHE Brancuil (C. Textori x William Murray).—An interesting and beautiful hybrid between the evergreen and deciduous sections of the genus. The plant closely resembled the former in its numerous evergreen leaves, but the arching inflorescence and the shape and colour of the flowers very strongly recalled the latter. The sepals are white, the petals tinged with pink, and the lip and column rose-purple. Exhibited by C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan). ; DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 367 CULTURAL COMMENDATION ODONTOGLOssuM LAMBEAUIANUM.—To Mr. J. Davis, gr. to J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., for a well-grown plant, bearing a strong inflorescence, about four feet high, with eight side branches and an aggregate of 53 flowers. MANCHESTER AND NORTH OF ENGLAND. At the meeting held at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on November 5th, 1914, the members of Committee present were :—Rev. J. Cromble- holme (in the Chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J. Bamber, J. Cypher, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, A. 3 Keeling, J. Lupton, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), was awarded a Large Silver-gilt Medal for a fine group, in which Cattleya labiata was represented by a fine batch of white varieties, with C. Dusseldorfii Undine, C. Portia, C. Mantinii nobilior, Brassocattleyas, Lzliocattleya Yellow Prince, Sophrocattleya Doris, Cymbidium Tracyanum, Oncidium varicosum Rogersii and praetextum, Epidendrum vitellinum, and others. R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch (gr. Mr. Gilden), staged a mixed group, to which a Silver-gilt Medal was awarded. It contained a fine series of Cattleyas, Lzeliocattleya highfieldiense, Odontoglossum Twyford Gem, O. crispum xanthotes, and others, with choice Cypripediums of the season. Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), was awarded a Large Silver Medal for a choice group of Cattleyas and Cypripediums, Miltonia vexillaria Leopoldii, and others. Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby), was also awarded a Large Silver Medal for a group of well-grown:Cypripediums, Cattleya Rothschildiana alba, C. Ella, &c. Mrs. R. le Doux, West Derby (gr. Mr. J. W. Fletcher), was awarded a Silver Medal for a group of Cattleyas, Cypripedium R. le Doux, Gaston Bultel, Hannibal, and others. O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury (gr. Mr. Rogers), staged ten plants of Cypripedium Maudie, nine of C. Fairrieanum, C. Boltonii, and others, with some good Epidendrum vitellinum, and a few Cattleyas. H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rainhill (gr. Mr. W. J. Morgan), sent Cypripedium Reginald Young and C. Earl of Tankerville x Fairrieanum. Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, were awarded a Silver Medal fora group of Cattleyas, Lzliocattleya Walter Gott, Cypripedium Moonbeam x Leeanum Prospero, Ccelogyne Mooreana, Saccolabium acutifolium, Dendrochilum uncatum, and others. Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons, Bradford, sent some good Cypripediums, Cattleya Dusseldorfii Undine, and Odontoglossum seedlings. 368 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1914 Mr. E. V. Low, Haywards Heath, staged a batch of white Cattleya labiata, in the following varieties: Daphne, La Vierge, Pride of Southgate, W. R. Lee, Mrs. R. Ashworth, and R. I. Measures. Messrs. Hassall & Co., Southgate, staged Cattleya Beatrice, Sybil, Sylvia, and Sophrocatlelia Marathon. Mr. W. Shackleton, Highfield, Bradford, sent Cypripedium Niobe and C. niveum X bellatulum. Mr. D. McLeod, Chorlton-cum-Hardy, staged a fine Odontioda, Cypripedium Reginald Young, and seedlings. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATE. Cattleya Peetersii alba West Point var., a well-set flower, with sepals and petals of the purest white, and a brilliantly-coloured lip, from S. Gratrix, Esq. AWARDS OF MERIT. Odontoglossum Noel, O. Jeanette var. rubellum, Cattleya Sylvia var. atrorubens, and Cypripedium Idina (insigne Harefield Hall var. x Countess of Carnarvon), all from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Brassocattleya sulphurea (C. Gaskelliana alba x B.-c. Mrs. Leemann), from R. Ashworth, Esq. Cattleya Armstrongie Cringlewood var., from Z. A. Ward, Esq. Cattleya Fabia Fire King, from Mrs. R. le Doux. Cypripedium Draco var. Cyclops (Euryades New Hall Hey X insigne Harefield Hall var.), from S. Gratrix, Esq. | AWARDS OF APPRECIATION. Cattleya Fabia alba, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Cattleya labiata Rosy Morn, from Col. J. Rutherford, M.P. Odontonia McNabiana (O. Edwardii x°M. vexillaria Bleuana), from Messrs. Sander & Sons. Cypripedium Gen. Joffre (Leeanum Lavertonianum xX Ceres), from Messrs. Keeling & Sons. First-cLass BoTANICAL CERTIFICATE. Coelogyne brunnea, from Messrs. Sander & Sons. CULTURAL CERTIFICATE. To Mr. J. Weatherby, gardener to Z. A. Ward, Esq., for a fine example of Cattleya Armstrongie Cringlewood var. At the meeting held on November 19th, the members of Committee present were: Rev. J. Crombleholme (in the chair), Messrs. R. Ashworth, J- Bamber, J. Cypher, A. G. Ellwood, J. Evans, A. Hanmer, J. Howes, A. J Keeling, D. McLeod, W. J. Morgan, C. Parker, W. Shackleton, H. Thorp, Z. A. Ward, G. Weatherby, and H. Arthur (Secretary). Large Silver Medals were awarded to R. Ashworth, Esq., Newchurch DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 369° (gr. Mr. Gilden); Col. J. Rutherford, M.P., Blackburn (gr. Mr. Lupton), and Messrs. Cypher & Sons, Cheltenham, for fine miscellaneous groups. A Silver Medal was awarded to Wm. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange (gr. Mr. Howes), for a fine general group. Interesting exhibits were sent by S. Gratrix, Esq., Whalley Range (gr. Mr. Brown); Z. A. Ward, Esq., Northenden (gr. Mr. Weatherby); P Smith, Esq., Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. E. Thompson) ; H. J. Bromilow, Esq., Rann Lea (gr. Mr. W. J. Morgan); Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans; Messrs. Keeling & Sons, Bradford; Messrs. J. & A. McBean, Cooksbridge (including Cypripedium Draco X Euryades); Messrs. Charles- worth & Co., Haywards Heath, and Mr. W. Shackleton, Bradford. FIRST-CLASS CERTIFICATES. Odontoglossum crispum hololeucum, a largeround flower, with a distinct yellow blotch on the lip, and O. Hermese, a large well-set flower ; petals almost solid madder crimson, and sepals of a brown shade, from Wm. Thompson, Esq. Odontoglossum crispum Mrs. J. Helm (Rossendale x Empress of India), a large flower with heavy blotches of a crimson madder colour, and Cattleya Alcimedia var. Antiochus (Gaskelliana alba x labiata alba), a fine flower, with broad segments and distinct yellow lines in the throat, both from R. Ashworth, Esq. Odontoglossum Zulu (Harryanum X eximium), a large flower of good substance; sepals and petals solid crimson madder, with purple lined tips- and white edges, and a good flat lip, from Z. A. Ward, Esq. AWARDS OF MERIT. Cypripedium Actzeus Ethel (Leeanum Clinkaberryanum X_ insigne Harefield Hall), C. Royal George (Harrisianum X Minos Youngii), and Cattleya Helius var. Mary Amelia (Iris X Dowiana aurea), all from S. Gratrix, Esq. Cattleya labiata Andromache and Sophrocattleya Pearl (C. Portia X S.-c. Doris), both from R. Ashworth, Esq. Cypripedium Eileen (Euryades X Beeckmanii), from Wm. Thompson, sq. Cypripedium Selene (triumphans X Godefroyz), from H. J. Bromilow, Esq. Cypripedium Reginald Young var. Calliope (insigne Hitchinsiz), from Messrs. A. J. Keeling & Sons. ! Harefield Hall x OrRcHIDS AT THE NEW YORK EXHIBITION. The Autumn Exhibition of the New York Horticultural Society was. held at the Museum of Natural History, New York City, from October 30th to November 3rd, and we extract from our contemporary, Horticulture,’ 370 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER,. 1914 | the following account of the Orchids shown. It is remarked: ‘“‘ This is always a free show, being located in a public institution, and the item of. financial support does not have any bearing upon the numerical attendance. Next to the specimen Chrysanthemums the feature that seemed to appeal most strongly to the visiting people was the Orchid section. The two big competitive groups of Orchids by Messrs. Julius Roehrs Co. and Messrs. Lager & Hurrell were superb, not only in the beauty and variety of _ the material composing them but in the arrangement, which was graceful and artistic. Another great Orchid group, in the rarity and value of the varieties especially, was that of Clement Moore, gardener J. Mossman. Jos. A. Manda also had some very worthy specimen Cattleyas and Oncidiums. For a novelty not before exhibited by this Society Julius Roehrs Company were awarded the Silver Medal for a lovely plant of Cattleya Fabia x C. Mantinii. The flowers are intermediate in size between C. labiata and C. Bowringiana, and the colour is the most intense deep crimson imaginable. The award list is as follows :— Orchids, Commercial Collection : Julius Roehrs Co.; Lager & Hurrell. Novelty: Julius Roehrs Co., Silver Medal. Six Cattleyas: Jos. A. Manda, Julius Roehrs Co. Six varieties: Julius Roehrs Co. Three Cattleya labiata: J. Roehrs Co., J. A. Manda. Three varieties: J. A. Manda. Specimen: Julius Roehrs Co. Orchids, non-commercial: Collection, Clement Moore. Specimen Cattleya: J. Smith, Clement Moore. Specimen Oncidium: R. Heidkamp. Display Hybrid Cattleyas, &c.: Clement Moore, Gold Medal. In the non-competitive classes J. A. Manda, W. Orange, N.J., received a Silver Medal for Orchids. ORCHIDS AT THE PHILADELPHIA EXHIBITION. We also learn from Horticulture that Orchids were included in the 86th Annual Exhibition and Chrysanthemum Show of the Pennsylvania Horticultural Society, which was opened in the Horticultural Hall, Philadelphia, on November 3rd. The Show was crowded to the doors, and it was the concensus of opinion, both of connoisseurs and neophytes, that it was the finest aggregation of chrysanthemums, foliage plants, and Orchids exhibited in recent years. Louis Burk’s display of Orchids, as also that of Alphonse Pericat were things of beauty and a joy for ever, or would be if such delicate blooms would last for ever, and were surrounded as usual by groups of admirers. OTHER AMERICAN EXHIBITIONS. At the Show of the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, held at the — Horticultural Hall, Boston, on November 5th to 8th, we learn that ‘‘ the Orchid groups were among the prime attractions, the principal exhibitors being F. Dolansky and | age Butterworth, both commercial men. We DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 371 have seldom seen a healthier, richer collection of Cattleyas than were staged by Mr. Dolansky in his first prize group. These were interspersed with Phalznopsis and Dendrobium Phalzenopsis. J. T. Butterworth had a very graceful group in which Oncidiums and Odontoglossums figured + strongly.” At the Westchester and Fairfield Show, held in the Germanic Hall, New Rochelle, N.Y., on November 4th to 6th, ‘‘ Geo. E. Baldwin Co., of Mamaroneck, displayed Orchid plants in bloom, comprising many rare and choice varieties. A Certificate of Merit was awarded this exhibit, also toa splendid specimen Cattleya labiata.” The prize list also includes the name of Hobart J. Park (gr. A. L. Marshall) for a specimen Orchid and for Orchid flowers. At the Show of the Tarrytown Horticultural Society, held in the Music Hall, Tarrytown, N.Y., on November 4th to 6th, Finley J. Shepard, Supt. Chas. R. Russell, won the Mrs. Stuyvesant Fish Cup for cut Orchids, Henry Graves, junr., prize for Orchid display. The table of Orchids by Finley J. Shepherd was very beautiful. At the Nassau County Horticultural Society’s Show, held at Glen Cove, N.Y., on October 29th and 30th, the Julius Roehrs Special Prize for ‘Orchids was won by Percy Chubb. At the Tuxedo Horticultural Society’s Show held at the Tuxedo Club from October 30th to November rst, Messrs. Lager & Hurrell were awarded a prize for an Orchid plant. L#LIOCATTLEYA CHAMBERLAINIANA.—Some time ago a cross was made in the collection of the late Rt. Hon. Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., between Leliocattleya Amelia and L.-c. elegans Turneri, and a flower of one of the seedlings has now been sent to Kew by Mr. Austen Chamberlain, M.P., with the request that, if new, the name of his father should be associated with it. Four species are involved in its ancestry, namely, Cattleya intermedia, C. Leopoldii, Lelia purpurata, and L. cinnabarina, and of these the latter has exerted a greatly preponderating influence in the seedling which has now bloomed, for the flower is of a shade of reddish ‘cinnabar-orange, with the front of the somewhat crisped lip ruby-purple. Other seedlings may, of course, show the influence of the other species more strongly. The plant has at present produced an inflorescence of four flowers, and has not reached its full development. Judging from its composition the hybrid should be of a free-growing and floriferous character. It is curious to note that the crossing of Cattleya intricata with Lzlia Latona would yield a hybrid of identical specific composition, as also would the crossing of Lzliocattleya Schilleriana with a hybrid between Cattleya Leopoldii and Lelia cinnabarina. 372 THE ORCHID REVIEW. (DECEMBER, 1914. Rises ORCHIDS IN SEASON. eae FLOWER of a very promising seedling, called Odontoglossum Al crispum memoria Lord Roberts, is sent from the collection of H. T- Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill. Mr. Pitt states that it was raised from O. crispum Ashworthianum X O. c. Oakwood Sunrise, the latter a well-known form in which the blotches occur on the petals, not on the sepals, and, as usual, when these abnormal forms are used, the influence of the pollen parent cannot be traced. Theseedling has broad white segments closely blotched all over with red-purple, and as the plant is very small at present, and only producing its first flower, it should develop into a very handsome thing. At the R.H.S. meeting held on November 17th last, a pretty little hybrid of unknown parentage was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Sons, St. Albans, under the name of Odontonia Princess Marie Jose, of which a flower was afterwards sent tous. As in the case of O. brugensis and O. MacNabiana, the influence of Odontoglossum Thompscnianum is very apparent, but the Miltonia parent is not so obvious, though we suggest M. Bleuana. The ground colour is lilac, with a small violet-purple blotch at the base of the sepals, and the lower half of the petals is violet, while there is a circular brown blotch on the base of the lip. of O. MacNabiana. It may be a variety GRAMMATOPHYLLUM SPECIOSUM.—The Kew Bulletin announces that a large plant of Grammatophyllum speciosum presented to Kew by Messrs- Sander & Sons, and since then one of the principal features of the Victoria House, is again flowering. Owing to its having been found necessary to reduce the plant last year by removing the oldest pseudobulbs, it has on this occasion only one flower-spike, about 7 feet in height, and carrying over 50 flowers and buds. A better idea of the capabilities of this remark- able Orchid was obtained when the Kew specimen flowered in 1907. It then developed three racemes ; the tallest attained nearly 11 feet in height, and had, at one time, 82 expanded flowers and 40 unopened buds in various stages of development, the other two racemes being only ‘slightly smaller. The flowers have a spice-like odour and good __ lasting qualities. Their ground colour is dull yellow, heavily spotted with red- dish , brown ; the sepals and petals are spreading, broadly oblong, obtuse, undulate; the lip is small, being scarcely rin. long, three-lobed, orange streaked with red, the disc sulcate, with three raised plates, bristling with short hairs. G. speciosum is the most common of the three or four species inhabiting the Malay Archipelago and Malacca. In a wild state, or DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID REVIEW. 373 cultivated in tropical gardens, it forms enormous masses on large trees, producing as many as fifty flower-spikes at one time. It was first flowered in this country in 1851. The Kew plant was one of the largest that could be found in the neighbourhood of Penang. It was originally intended for the Chicago Exposition, but, meeting with an accident during the voyage to England, it was decided not to send it any further. THE AMATEUR’S COLLECTION. By C. ALWYN HARRISON. E are now right in the midst of winter, and much care and thought is needed with the methods of culture. Damping and syringing should be performed on much the same lines as advocated last month, and air should be admitted whenever the outside conditions are at all favour- able. Top ventilation is seldom possible at this season, as it often causes the temperature to fall unduly, a thing to be specially avoided. But the bottom ventilators can generally be used, for these, being situated on a level with the hot water pipes, enable the air to be warmed before it reaches the plants. For this and the next month 55° to 60° Fahr. by day and 50° to 55° by night are usually regarded as the maximum and minimum degrees of warmth, and should be adhered to as closely as possible. Continue cleaning any plants, and at this dull season it is a good plan to begin at one end and go right through the house, cleaning rhizomes, sponging leaves and tying up any bulbs which are inclined to grow out of place. Any Orchids which are in bud are worthy of additional care, and if possible should be suspended near the roof glass, where they will get more light, and consequently develop to a fuller extent. But they must not be hung too near the roof ventilators, for a considerable amount of chilly night air is often found to percolate through, even if these are kept closed, and this until warmed is injurious to any young growth. Any plants at rest, particularly Cattleyas of the Bowringiana and labiata section, together with Odontoglossum grande, should be kept only just damp enough to prevent the bulbs from shrivelling. Many Cypripediums, Particularly of the insigne section, and such Oncidiums as Forbesii, tigrinum, and a few others are now in flower, and should receive a fair amount of water. Dendrobiums finishing their growth should be kept now almost dry, but any in the Vinery or cooler house showing signs of flowering, should be gradually introduced to the warmer house, and water Evergreen Dendrobiums, such as given in increasin uantity. : ry , also D. fimbriatum £ hrysotoxum, densiflorum, and thyrsiflorum, oculatum, must not: be removed to the Cool house, but are best rested at the coolest end of the Warm house and very sparingly watcred. 374 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [DECEMBER, 1914. S| WO meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Royal Horticultural Hall, Vincent Square, Westminster, during December, on the Ist and 15th, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour, 12 o’clock noon. The first meeting of the New Year is fixed for January 5th. (| ORCHID NOTES AND NEWS. The Manchester and North of England Orchid Society will hold meetings at the Coal Exchange, Manchester, on December 3rd and 17th. The Committee meets at noon, and the exhibits are open to inspection of members and the public from I to 4 p.m. The programme of the Kew Gardeners’ Mutual Improvement Society for the Ig14-1915 session contains two papers relating to Orchids. The subject for December 2ist, 1914, is ‘‘ Orchids,” by S. H. Miles, and for January 11th, 1915, ‘‘ Orchid Culture in Belgium,’ by P. Chollet. On March 22nd there is a paper on ‘‘ Mendelism,” by R. Sudell, with lantern illustrations. THE Roti or Honour.—Our readers, we are sure, will join us in offering our sincere condolence to Lt.-Col. Sir David Prain, F.R.S., Director of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, on the death of his only son, Lieutenant T- Prain, of the Leicestershire Regiment, who has been killed in action. CHATSWORTH SEVENTY YEARS AGO.—Under this title the Gardeners’ Chronicle cites from its pages of seventy years ago an interesting paragraph in which we find a reference to Orchids, in which the Duke of Devonshire took a special interest. Speaking of the garden near Mr. Paxton’s residence it is remarked: “In the same part of the grounds will be found the Orchidaceous house, crowded with plants in rude health, and tastefully arranged with ‘trunks of trees, so as to resemble an old grove.” This method of culture has now been quite superseded. R.H.S. Screntiric CoMMITTEE.—The following references to Orchids exhibited at the meetings of the Committee are taken from the Official Report (continued from page 128) :— March roth: “ REVERSION” IN OponTIODA.—Mr. R. A. Rolfe showed a flower of the cross Odontioda Bradshawize Cookson’s var. x Odonto- glossum spectabile, from the collection of Clive Cookson, Esq., Wylam-on- Tyne. The flower closely resembled the Odontioda in shape, but the scarlet colour was entirely suppressed. The flower was white with a few DECEMBER, 1914.] THE ORCHID. REVIEW. 375: light brown spots round the yellow crest of the lip, and a little brown spotting at the base of the lateral sepals. . April 7th: CyMBipiumM MADIDUM.—Mr. Bennett-Pée showed an inflorescence of C. madidum (C. albuczeflorum), a species native in North Australia and rarely seen in cultivation. April 21st: ABNORMAL DENDROBIUM WaARDIANUM.—Mr. Chittenden showed an abnormal flower of D. Wardianum from Wisley, which Mr. Wordsdell examined and reported upon as follows: ‘‘ Dimerous flower ; two lateral sepals fused into one, which occupies place of labellum, causing the latter to disappear. Lateral sepals displaced into a position at right angles to the fore and aft sepals. Column normal.” November 17th :— DENDROBIUM ToFFTiI.—A Botanical Certificate was unanimously recommended to Dendrobium Tofftii, a native of Queensland, and allied to D. taurinum, shown by Sir Jeremiah Colman, Bart., V.M.H., referred to: this Committee from the Orchid Committee. Its flowers are borne at the apex of a leafy pseudobulb. CALANTHE BrANCHII.—This interesting hybrid between the ever-green Calanthe Textori and the deciduous C. x Bryan ‘Wm. Murray,” the first raised hybrid between these two sections, was shown by Mr. C. J. Lucas, Warnham Court. Its habit was that of C. Textori, while the inflorescence was like that of its other parent. It followed the latter also in the size of its flowers, which were somewhat less bright than those of “William Murray,” but coloured and much larger than those of C. Textori. A Certificate of Appreciation was recommended to Mr. Lucas for the work done in making this interesting cross, and a Botanical Certificate to the plant. [A Certificate of Appreciation was also awarded by the Orchid Committee (see p. 366). The remark that it is the first hybrid between the two sections is a mistake, for C. albata (veratrifolia x Cooksonii) appeared as long ago as 1896 (O.R., iv. p. 376), and C. Elwesii (veratrifolia X Regnieri) somewhat later.—ED. | tea Mr. W. H. Wuite.—We have pleasure in announcing that Mr. W. H. White, who for so many years had charge of the rich collection of the late Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, will contribute the Calendar of Operations to the Orchid Review for the coming year. The high standard of culture maintained at Burford is well known, and the experience gained in dealing with such a varied collection, both as species and hybrids, should render his advice specially valuable. An immense number of choice botanical rarities are grown, and many of them take up comparatively little space. It may be interesting to recall that Mr. White also contributed the Calendar to our first volume. 376 THE ORCHID REVIEW. [Decemser, 1914. | | ORCHID PORTRAITS. NCISTROCHILUS Tuomsonianus.—Orch. World, v. p. 37, fig. BARKERIA ELEGANS.—Orch. World, v. p. 39, fig. BARKERIA LINDLEYANUM —Orch. World, v. p. 39, fig. BARKERIA SKINNERI.—Orch. World, v. p. 39, fig. CaTTLEYA MAGGIE RAPHAEL ALBA.—Orch. World, v. p. 34, fig. CdELOGYNE BRACHYTERA, Rchb. f.—Bot. Mag., t. 8582. CYMBIDIUM TRACYANUM.—Journ. Hort., 1914, ii. p. 295, fig. CYPRIPEDIUM GODEFROY# LEUCOCHILUM VAR. HoDGKINSONII.—Orch. World, v. p. 28, fig. CYPRIPEDIUM NIRVANA.—Gard. Mag., 1914, p. 789, fig. DENDROBIUM CRASSINODE.—Orch. World, v. p- 43, fig. GRAMMATOPHYLLUM SPECIOSUM.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. PPp- 325, 327, fig. 129. L&#LIOCATTLEYA LUMINOSA CANARY.— Orch. World, v. p. 31, fig. L#LIOCATTLEYA SuNSTAR.—Orch. World, v. Pp. 32, fig. MASDEvaLLia EpHippiuM.—Orch. World, v. p- 48, fig. MILTONIA VEXILLARIA MEMORIA G. D. OWEN.— Journ. Hort., 1914, ll. p- 329, fig. ODONTOGLOssuM MocuL.—Orch. World, v. Pp» 27, fig. SCUTICARIA STEELEI.—Ovch. World, v. p- 38, fig. SOPHROCATTLEYA NOVEMBER.—Gard. Chron., 1914, ii. pp. 342, 351; fig. 136. SOPHROLALIA FELICIA FOWLER’S VAR.—Gard. Chron. , 1914, ll. p. 123, fig. 124. ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS. e {Orchids are named and = stions answered here as ins as possible, Conrernse are pure to give the native country or parentage of plants . An ADDRESSED postcard must be nt ent if a reply by post is desired (abroad, fk postcards should be used). Subjects of special pind will be dealt with in the body of the We beg to thenk several telecine Scan for messages of sympathy and good wishes during the present national cris Received.—H.T,P. ; S.& P. ; ee ak MM, r.K.S.—Many sarin ; the pecutds are bein: ens incorporated, oneal received with thanks.—F. J. Le M. da C. € preparation of the annual Index has euiniled a little unavoidable delay in the issue -of she present number. Several articles and notes are also postponed through pressure on our spac ben wa pas 119—for Dendrobium glumaceum read Dendrochilum glumaceum. icy Are hie Cadieares 5565 Clarkei, 349 ; INDEX. ACQUIRED characters, 2 I Aérides, 44; odoratum at Marlfield, 209 ; cornutum, 318 ; igen 282. Aganisia brachystali sg Albinos, 354, 3555 self fertilised, 354. Amateur’s Collection, 29, 59, 90, 122, 139, 192, 207, 242, 285, 31 6, American 2425285, 3 prea x mphimixis, 291, 292. Anglo-American Exhibition, 64. Angrzcum birrimense, 272; Ellisii, 283 ; — 745 Lindenii, 743 sar a 61. ieee 44; in Madagascar, 283; eatless, 74. Anguloas, 144. Ancectochili, 166. Ansellia gigantea, 239. Answers to Correspondents, 32, 64, 96, 128, 160, 192, 224, 55h, 288, 320, 352, ee Antirrhinum, cross 259; hybrid, 67,7 su 2 Lowii, 35 ; moschifera, 2 BABINGTON, Prof., dans: methods, 261. arnard, Mr H., ae eview oO Harrison, Commercial Orcht ‘a Growing, 15 ; Sc pean by te Orchideen, 221. Botanical Magaszt tg Brassavola Digb ci g, 10, : . e 83; and its hybrids, 9, 38 ; glauca Brassia Forgetiana, 248. rrp re Albatross, sg Ariel, oS 58; Baroness, 38 ; Everest, 190 ; Gladys 363; “one, 154; Hylas, 186; Hobs. ; Wotan, 3 baer ote Admiral Jellicoe, 364 ; exanderi, 14; beardwoodiensis, 153; Cecilia, 54, 58; Cliftonii var. magnific ca. 14, 16; Dor llene, 247 ; Irene, aie ; Leemannie, 13, 16, 01, (X.'2.-c. luminosa), ge ; Mariz, 239; Maroniz, 12, 15, (X . Mendelii), 151 ; Pocahontas Undine, yo ; Princess Ep ria e ; 149 § ex, 214 5 sand ig we a Sait, 181; sulph urea, 368 5 9 5 cocoinum, 272; conchiferum, 31 5 ; elatius, 298, see Mletcherianum, 164, 180, 204; Gentilii 340: andiflorum, 303 ; gra rigidum, ai ae rostriceps, 272; rufinum, 315 ; vitiense, 272. : CALANTHE Angela, 354 ; eh panit 1 366, wh ; Se ill, 354; Cookso inyi, 102, 355 3 vewencias es ; Veitchi, 354, (x vestita), 25. Calanthe hybrids, 354 Calanthes, 20, 78, 234, 357. Calendar o of Operations, 18; 43, 77; 100, 141, 172, 210, 234, 275, 299, 339, 357- Campylocentrum, 74. Catalogue, an old, 2 Catasetum macrocarpum, 334, (female. of), (sexes oe 334; splendens, 316; pyr wate eae flowers of, 286; herma- phrodite, 335. Catasetums, 112, 316. diaias ak 363; Ajax Orchidhurst var.» 341; Icimedia_ var. Bone chus, 369; Ss var., 312 ; Antiope, 310, 339; Astron, 248, 364; ra a 3125 Beatrice, 311 ; Bronze- paca 338; Cham- berla’ niana, ae Clymene, 243; Domin- jana, 102 usseldorfii Undine, 3543 Eldorado, oe ; Empress- Frederick, 189 5 Dorrien, 343; Gladys, 319; patna ns amabilis, 149 ; guttata, a a1 rdy ana alba, 311; H. Countess of Derby, 310, 311; H. rubens, 248; “‘Harrisoniana x 308 ; ae, ei 181, 190; Maggie Raphael Pel var. 23:5 Magnet. 146 ; Mendelii Fairy Queen, 215 ; Miss Harris, ; Moira, 204 ; . magnifica, 366; Mossiz (x Lelia une 186, (white varieties O'), 3513 ° ageneri, 216, « (home mie 215s 216; Murrayi ag eg to2z; Murillo, 319 ; 0 Brieniana al Princess- Royal, 339, 341; Queen liza- beth, 248; Rhoda Fow ler’s Var, 3303 Schroeder Queen . Snowdon, 341; sphenophora, 318 ; Sibyl, ats ; Suzanne Hye d oO ; Sybil, , 265. 266, 269, 289, 311, (and its i 265; S.citrina, 339; S. Lord Kitchener, 280, 297, 309: Thela, 310; Tityus var. A. McBean, 54; T. Shrubbery var., 148; . South bfield war, (1b? ¢ Trianz Mrs. de Barri Crawshay, 84; T Warscewiczii, 247; W. Frau Melanie Beyrodt, 240; W. Meteor, 218; William Murray falgens, 1 378 INDEX. Cattleya, crosses, 205; fly, 261; root fly, 261 ; scarlet, 38 ; seeds (sowing), 46. Cattleyas, 80, 189, 339; hybrid (resting), 3; of i ing of, 26 t ‘labiata group, 262; r 262 ; seedling, 80 ; wateri , 263 Cells, division of, 29 egg, 291; germ, 212; reduction- iviahan , 268; repro- ductive, 68 ; tic, 291 ; union of, 291 and tie Otchid Review, 239; Nom Gad Chapman, H. J., came Results of Orchid Hybridis ati ion, 353. yarrrea acquired, ay blastogenic, 292, 294 ; non-adaptive, 292; recent, 292. Chavieatanits Catalogue of Orchids for 1914, 132. Chatsworth seventy years ago, 374. Chromosomes, 268. Choudreshenicha bicolor, gr. : Cirrhopetalum a 126. Ci rrhopetalum flower, 19 Classifica Coc hlieda Neetzliana, 32. rn annamensis, 271 ; cristata, 21; Dayan 173; pandurata, 23 p- Orchidhurét var. be ; pogonioides, 108. Coelogynes in Borneo Collectors, Hints for, a olman, Sir Jer emiah, Bart., V.M.H., 356. Colour r polymorphism, 1 196. Crossing, 295 ; oe by, hig aca. ciariediale on, seeds of, ; m, 260 ; ventricosum and Paty tontenes: peu the same raceme, 201. pactor srn Ss, 260, 261; dimorphism of, 260; condary sexual characters, 261 ; seeds, eu sexes of, 260. Cymbidium Alexanderi Hamilton-Smith’s ar., 87; amabile, 147, 231; Ballian ¥31-; Guuingeabipasids » 58; Cooperi, 94, 131 ; ae 86 ; J. Davis, 131 ; Lowianum nanum, 156; Lowio-Mastersii (x insigne), 115; "pisdiditte, 375; Mandaianum, 132 a Sa h field var., 84; Sc chroederi, 131; Tracy- anum, 132, (X Lowianum), 132; Venus, 181, Igo. Cymbidiums S, 141. Cypripedes, American, 3535 354. Cypripediex, genera of, 355; Old World, 353) 354. Cyodnedan Acteeus, 353; A. Ethel, 369; Alcibiades (x Leeanum), 28; Arachne, be pecath aureum, 22; aure-Euryades, Cypripedium — 88 ; Bassano (xX _ Fairrieanum), 83; hoe Richard Ashworth, 183; Beryl, ; bourtonense, 25; Brunette, 31; Bryan roe ‘cal m). 312 lurum, 97; cardinale, 97 3 1 Schlim, 97 ; ssius, 23 ; Chamberlainianum, 239 ; esworthii, 166; Com 51; Corsair, 363 Bhs yeaa 22 Desdemona, 55, 88; Draco Cyc 368 arl of ‘lanker- ville (x f drat Sede 367 ; Eileen, 369 Ell ra lla, iIrrieanum, Goweri, 344; Fairri-tisii, 313; Florida, 86; Floryi,:23; Fre auhay y, 22; Gen. Joffre, 368; Golden ioe: 88; Goliath, 24 ; Greyii cnn var., 249 ; Griffin, 89; Hanbur 2g; Idina, 368; Iona, ee 3 baie Paty Sb tale Sanderz, S53; Snow Queen, 28 ; lo, 1023 baci 150% 1. Jezebel, ec Julian 62: "Jalius Faia £2.87 keighleyense, 94; Lady Evelyn James, 283 lavigatum, 254 ; Lawrenceanum Hyeanum Bank House var., 218; Lee- anum (oasietias of), 40; L. Gratrixize, 40, I ittleanum, 157 Lucy, ; ; 3 niveum, 166; Oneita, ey Pali Redwing, 125; Regin ald. Young 25; Schlegelii punctatum. 52; Sedenii, 97 ; Selene, 369; Strelsa, 24 ; Stonei, 206; Swallowtail, 25 ; Symmetry, 156; Talma, 53; Thisbe, 120 ; oO sbe m sonii (X vi illexul), cu pig In- Bury, 94 ; hardy 355: seedling, 21, 2113 winter-blooming Ye L 431200 Cy TIO } DARWIN on Catasetum, 335; on ebb 68, 290; on Orchids, 195; origin 0 species, 5 3. survival < the fittest, ee Darwinism, 258. vidso n Cup, Day’s collection of Orchid paiatings, ae Dendrobium Achilles, 239 ; Andromeda, ; Ariel, 239; ‘aureum ; Bartel- B 9; chessingtonense, 155; Pic TF annamense, 307; cucumerin 356: Cybele album, 120; Dearei, 333 3 » Eleanor, 157; Ernestii, 156 ; formosum, 173, 324 325, 327; f. Berkeleyi, 327 ; f. giganteum, INDEX. egg 204, 324, 325, 327 ; f. sulphuratum, 328 ; Frederickii, 159 ; infundibulum, 333 ; Jamesianum, 333; Lady Colman, 84; onsii, 182; Maccarthiaz, 211 ; nobile (peloriate), 137 ; n. virginale, 30; Papilio, 272% Pasneri, 178 ; Phryne, Aah; pinifotiue, 347; plumosum, 157; si plu m (X x Rolfez), dm superbu um ‘Hanon! Southfield var., 119; taurinum, 360; Thwaitesiz, 123; Tofftii, 360, 365, 375 3 ; ae hololeucum, 167; W. Low Pichaietain house, 204. Dendrobiums, 43, 111, 211 ; deciduous, 332 from Gatton Park, Reigate, £575 im- ported, 93; seedling, 43, 138 Scans Sgn mace: 119, 376. Dendrocolla Pricei, 126. ap ree ag cane 74; fanalis, 73 ; Lindenii, 74. Dend rof., on Evolution, 290. Descriptions, imperfect, 228, 229; of Orchids, Diant hu us ee deltoides, 67. Dichza brachypoda, 349; echinocarpa, 349 ; peo © 349. Dichze tron osta Rica, 349. Disa prenicnetieid tg 140; grandiflora, 301, (home-raised), 247. Disas, 78, 235. Doritis teeniale, 175. 292; inherit- an Rekdandenes amabile, 231; bicameratum, 1643 ‘a idvotone 22 changes of, of, 292. 318; bse ais ‘pum eich a 282 ; a Seelineer 2515 3 Epi Laven a Bs 32. 71, 25 cf sonkaris 263. x, 270; Woiioaveisll 270. 293; continuous, 291 ; ada eries of adsneaes 291 5 tive degradation, 953 de egeneration, 287 5 290, 204; early views on, 2.90 ; “ how caused, 290; Language of, 261; Law of e accumulation of surplus ‘energy, 291 ; of Orchids, 290, 295 ; organic, 2903 pro- gressive, 290, 29I. Exhibitions, American, 154. ee self, 99. Flies a llen thieves, 34- Flowers, problem of beau uty, 195- Fowler, J. Gurney, List of Orchid Awards, F ungus-Co-operation i in Orchid roots, 68. GARDENERS’ Magazine, 48, 223- 379 German visit a French Nursery, 349. Germ plasm, 292, 293. Geographical races, 66, 295. Grammangis Ellisii, 2 3; E. Dayanum, 274. 273 ay Grammatophyllum speciosum, 349, 372. HABENARIA carnea, 305, 307 ; militaris, 305. 306 ; 306; c. nivosa,. procera, 278 ; pusilla, 306 ; Roebelenii, 25; 116; Susanne, a 306, 308. Habenarias Harrison GC. n, 160. Hemipilia amethystina, 317 ; calophylla, 317. Herbaria and their use, 228 ; importance of, 228, 230. Herbarium, a collection of samples, 228 ; specim 199. SS as = Orchid hybridist, 131 ; on Hybrid Nom — 130; Rules of Nomen- Heredity pee ‘Evolution, 2 Hibberd, Shirley, on Nomenclature, S22. Hippeastrums, hybri Holford, Sir Ge orge L, pei bert L., 201. Houlletia a garage: 329 ; Wallisii, 329 ;. ontopte ; Hybridity, sign of 102 135. Hybridisation, 267, 292, 205 295, 353, 3553 w characte aud the origin mae ancestries, 267 ; N és, reproductive cells of, 267 ; segingates : iets and the use of the xX, 102; commercial parentage, 134, 1353 genotypes, 71; increasing number. sof, 35; in nature, w, 30, 58, 95, 125, 158, 190; nomen- utareul IOI, 103; possna be rales), I 33 5 : of identical composition, 104, I f recorded parentage, 35, age 161 ; ted seoetlien), ope ary, 37 3 288; true from 98 ; vulgarity of, any ; wild, DPANSON, Mr. G., 319. Incompatibility, 267, 26 Inheritance, 291, (ble nied), 268, 269; of acquired Sharacters, 72, 227, 291 ; mosaic, 268, 269. International Botanical Congress, 130, 133 Ione paleacea, 349. Ivies, classification of, 323. JOHANNSEN on genotypes, 70. 380 INDEX. KERNER on Hybrids, 67. Kew, senda Collection, 2906; gift of Orchids to o; Temperate Ho ouse, 295. Kew Gardai ta Taiprovernwak Society, 374- L&LIA anceps, 36, 358 ; Dp ps stint 2393 Boothiana (x B. Digbyana), 168 ; Sei? Daa. C: Mendelii), 166 ; ; crispa, 2 igbyana, 11; Digby ossize i 168 ; longipes alba, 308; pumila, 359; p. alba, 321, 348; p. a. E. As hworth, S45 : P. oS Orchid Dene var., 341, 348; pur- rata, 217 184. I, selins. Mexiz Nn, 143. Lglincaitiey a: satubilie 10; a. Fascinator, 148; Aphrodite Our Queen, 2 Big; Ariel, 87; Aureole, 85; Autodoin, 24 3, Avoca, vg a 186 ss Mar guerite, 223 ; Cecilia, on 8; Chamber- lainiana, 371 ; Cicely, 249; Clarie, 156; Corncra ke, 243 3 Constance, a corneliensis, 114 ; Davidsoniz, 308 ; Deciata, 79: 3 "Di igbyano-Trianz, 13; Dryad. ‘215 Dulce, 116, 122; Edwena 303 ; Euripides, 116; Fascinator- Mossiz Sander, 190 ; Lady Oliphant, 3 Ledru- Rollin, 340; luminosa, 60 Marguerite, 222° rion, 114; Martinetii (x Dowiana), 31 edina excelsior, 180; Miss Louisa Fowler, 248 ; Evelyn Norrie, 339; Mrs. Temple var. Dre ght, 24; Myrosa, 115; Neleus var Nestor, 366; Ophir e tenebrosa), 242 ; ueen-Helena, 348 ; Sandhurstiana, 341; Sunset, 244; Sun- Star, 181; S wanboroughii, 37, 58, 126 Sylpb, 215; Thorntonii, 14; Thyon McBean’s var. 309 ; Tigris, 148 ; Tuttlez, 162; oo » 116; Vesuvius, Lamarck, 293 Law visa Sir Trevor, 92 ; as an Be gis 93, Bequest to-Kew, 80, 1 pPoodilagh ‘Orchid Collection, gs Laws of Botanical Ba er IOI. Leptolzlia Veitchii, 2 peti bicolor, 211. Lindley Herbarium, 230. peeks — 286 ; ; Nana, 287. Lisso ; Loadn Botanical Congres S, 133. Lotsy, ot Up of species ee crossing, 65, 70. Low, Hugh & Co., 202; Stuar t & Co, 202, Lowiara insignis, 20 Lycaste Dyeriana, 144. Lycastes, 144. MANCHESTER and North of England Orchid Society, 26, 55, 87, 118, 152, 186, 219, 249, 312, 342 ; result of annual com- petition, 220. Masdevallias eC 237; Shuttryana var Chamberlainii, 238 ; tovarensis, 173. M atoll ap 4 2 276. assee, G., n Spot eee 252. M anurial Rid to Orchids, 222, 264. Maxillaria cristata, 49 ; Pictche ak. 271, Maxillarias : Megac sila ugandz. Mendel on constant bybade 67. Mendel’s original experiment, 268. Mendelian characters, 293 ; inheritance, 292 ; paradox, 99; results, 293. Mendelians and ke ae 261 3 and their ans, 2 Mendelism, 258, at ; andthe cha: Ereeder, 98; an quanti itative differences, 269; « double dose,” 37; Hom mozygotes, 65, 66, 70; Heterozygotes, 65, 70; its failures, 99; Johannsen’s pure lines, 67, 70; anaes of character, 67; testing a 37: Mice a as les thieves, 34. Miltonia Adonis, 181; Baroness, 181; Bleuana General Joffre, 339; B. lacken- ensis, 168; B. Peetersia, 170; B. Stevensii 170; Charlesworthii, 170; 2 Fowler, 180; Jules Hye de Crom, 170; Princess en Alexandra, 181 ; Roezlii, 301; Sande 170; S. Bangtingiana, 244; 5. Hacks tices: sia Schreederiana, 355; St.-Andre, 169, 170, — - ezlii), 19 197, rom Peru) 198, (n oe con- 106, 197, of), 197, (varieties o es v. alba, 183, 198; v. albicans, 196, 197; V- ecuadorensis, 197; Vv. eana, 183; v. 19 Admiral, 178 ; Warscewiczii xanthina, 337: oe ees 170, 225, 226. Miltonias, 359. Miltominda Ajax, 355- Monachanthus vide. Murder of a Plant Collector, 37, 227. phim 71; by loss of Factors, 71. Mutations, 292. Mya athe barbatus, 335. Mystacidium, leafless, 74. NAMES, altering, 323; alternative, oe classical, 102, 104, 135 3 commemorative, INDEX, Names— S argpihl aaa 334; (dou ble e), IOI double, cation of, 102 ie “es rists, 11, geographical, 322 5 good, 225% ous, 102 ece ; Comers 102, upli 102, 323 5 ei el 102, 104, 134, (capitalisation of) a3 5 gente 16 to be amended, 103; trade, 323 ; transfer of, 235 3 ; unpublished, bE: value y 322 5 ietal, ots 102, 103, 104, 323 3 ferince i es I 04, 135. Ayame of garde en plants, 321, 323. Nan Passaic 176. Natural Selection, "68, 195, ie, 293, 294. Neobenthamia gracilis, 23 Nesttia Nidus-avis, 287. Nomenclature binomial, 423 ; oe ules, 163, 104, 135 ; bog sense, 321 ; diverse systems, 102 ; ert’s Rules, 101 ; Horticultural, 103 ; intelligible, 104 ; Linnean sees system, 135, 322; Paris Rules, ror; ybrids, 101, 103, 139, a2: ‘Orchid Stud- Book, 103; sor Committee, 103; R.H. les, 1033 Rules of, 133, (how made), 104; stable M.H., 223; Henry Little, 157 ; Richard Le Doux, 209 ; Sir Trevor ence, 7; , Dr. C Robinson, 37 ; John Gould Veitch, 350; Dr allace, 5 59; M. Westonbirt var., 58; Mrs. F. 151; Mrs. R. le Schroederi ~ vi 35 Gem; -I28; yl, 593 ‘Stella, Thompsoniz, ss see ; Vivienne, I 38, 17 Zenobia, 119. Odontoglossum Albion, 100 ; arenes 37 amabil ile, 97; @ splendens, 555 @ »far- 38t Odontoglossum— I “ 81; amandum magnificum, 220; anthum m, 61; angustatum, 83, 127 Adiaiania: 216; ’Arac ne, i] “MI oo we ary, 58; Chan cori nae ; citrosmum, Chipalia, gee “Coles s, 87 ; crispum (and allies), 235; (w os Saher bearing petals and lip), 99; = Baroness, 179; C. Dell Sunrise, 214; Eugenie, 121; ¢. Golden sera ee c. hololecum, 369 ; c. Tolanthe, 1 5° 5 c. Lord Seine a2 t c. Millie, 366; c. Mrs. J. Helm, 369; c Prince of Wales 163, 164; ¢. Diets of the sacs Fe 6; c Queen Maud, 118; Damaris, 85 ; De Hae de Larringo, 187; Doris, 217; Du sky-Monarch, 182; na, 159; Edwardii (hybrids, weighting spikes of) yptian, 27; 148 ; Ethelreda Borde Hill var, 214 excellens, Dell var., 149; olum, 3905 e. xanthotes, 365 ; una, 190; a agi » 27; grande,, 332, (culture of), 76, Chybridisine’. 96% Be aureum, 362; g. Pittianum, 362 ; Helicon, 190; Helmuth, 179; Hercules, 56, 61; Herodotus, 190; Iconium, 190; igneum, 58; illustrissimum (x eximium), 86; i Creole, 61; 1. var., 53; Invincible, 219; Irene, 190, 364; Iris, 190; Isidorus 190; Minos, 345; 151; Mrs. Phoebe Pintchier. 154; Mogul, 148; nebulum, 187; Newlin 1 425:5 oakwoodiense, 145; 5120s Lei 56, 61; percultum, 35 e, 247; Pescatorei, 247 ; p. v 118; rubens, Sa - Uro-excellens, 343, 351; Vivienne, 59. Vayleirr hoa er waltonense Rosslyn 126; 149 ; Zulu, 369. rmal, 3805 seed, 68, ? , seedling, 45; vi 68, 1 107. Odontonia brugensis, 162; b. Guillaume 6 lyff, 163; Charlesworthii, 225, ; rises 344; Cleverleyana, 218, 225; ileen, 162 ; Guillaume Olyff, 162, 163 ; Lioneouork 26 ; Lucilia, 95, 127 ; Magali- Sander, 28 M. -G. xanthotes, 286, 327, 24235 oucon Marie Jose, 372; Sander, 182. nothera Lamarckiana, 71. Oncidioda Cooksoniz, 237; C. Grenadier, ; Mauricei, 180, 190. 382 ss bicallosum, 236 ; b. aureum Candelabrum, 289 ; coucolor, 212 ; co phorum, 346 ; Engelii, 47s Leiboldii, see L Lb velutinure sae: INDEX. aa? S| ryn ; Leopo dianum, 247, enue, 26 ; 240, 3453 1 varicosum citrinum, 365 3 variegatum, er 362 ; velutinum, $62); zebri rinum, 47 Oncidium 9- -Ophrys tN 100 ; Grampinii, 1co. Oph rys hybri i Yoo 279; flower feiucey, 195; Lite : a of Nomenclature ep bigr bigs Ne ews, 31 list, Orch es, Orchid Review, 32, chid sa 95, 127, 19! 2555. 227;. 319, bys, Puen object of 6. 37, 61, 160. 328 3 ; seeds (sowing), 46; of, 46 “The spot, 252; 22 ‘Orchids, Airerican_ sey ‘tions, 57 ; 296 § ; as a hobby, ae. ; “at Chelsea t Cheltenham, delphia Exhibition, 370; . _ 23; at home, 89 ; 48; orks, 165; at ‘ie Phila. autumn-bloom- narth, 303; » 223, and as bu ttonholes, — the pol Hill, 384 5 ‘epost 45, 16 importing, 199 ; li a5 289. Orchis, bee, 195 ; new British, 30. Orchis. So say 39; mascula alba, 176 ; lar, 291. ‘Origin of cultivated races, 259; of species, preeter Orga ake sep 294. N pie Selecti ‘Orchidology, a ae “Our Note 225, 257, 289, ah PACHYPHYLLUM procumbens, 34 49, 146, 39. lu Paphinia cristata, Modigliana, 50 ; rugosa, 50. Nain aspersa, 340; elata, 236. coccinea, 261. Pez Pisiocklrnthes’ 79. 26. 57- 65, 97, 129, 161, 308 ; ae 290, 292, (without 193, | | | | | | 3°, Phaius Ashworthianus, 308 ; irroratus, 102; simulans, 143, 254, 255 (culture of), 2545 tuberculosus, 143, 254, 255; Wallichi Sanderiana, 152. Phaius, 142 ; ne brids, 353. | Phalzenopsis amabils Aue ‘(albino of), 205 ; Ariadne, 87 andi flora, 231 ; Lindeuii, 21 th ye ; im nestadiana, 231; Wilsonii, 75. heh ore £42; seedhnih glass tube, 69. Photographic reproductions, 355. Photographs, 355. Phplageaeke ite 291, Phytophiline Plants, eles and problems of the 4. SFOS: Pleiones, 276, 330; used asa drug, 108. Pleu othallis Barberiana, 107:; eerie 29: ape stolen by mice, 34; Tee of, 33, 34. Polystachya coriacea, 270. PORTRAITS—ANCISTROCHILUS Thomsae: 376; Skinneri, 376. — BRASSOCATTLEYA Cliftoni magnifica, 96; Shilliana, 192 — BRASSOLZLIA Mrs MI. Gratrix,. 530 BULBOPHYLLUM Picchenanem, 192. CALANTHE lentiginosa, 320 ; Siebertiana, 4; Veiichii, 32>; veratrifolia, 320 CATTLEYA Ajax Orchidhurst war. 352 Andreana McBean’s_ var., 64; say ao 288; Drapsiana McBean’s var., 128; Irene, 256 ; labiata, sea Loddigesii ‘abe Stanley s var., 192 Ma ag gie- Raphael, a7 Dell var., 64 3 : Mossie, 3523 Percivaliana, 128 ; Py alba 32, 64, 96; Sybi var. Lord Kitchener, Triane, 96, ps BOs 92; T. Mrs. Phillips, 96 ; Warscewiczii, 256, 288 alba Firmin Lambeau, 28 CIRRHOPETAL Mastersianum, 32, 6.—C(CELOGYNE brachyptera, 376 ;_ bur- foe dicale 2243; cristata, 160; Dayana, 96.—CYMBIDIUM Alexanderi_ Hamilton- insigne, 160 ; Pauwelsii, 160; Schlegelit ponctatum, 64; Tracy. $25: 3700 CYPRIPEDIUM aureum virginale, 128 ; bellatulum, 64, : rtonense, 32 ; n Gratrixiz, 64 ; diz, 32, 160; mirum, 256; montanum, 192; Niobe, 320 P Nirvana, 376; Pyramus, arne ; Shillian anum, 288, 320 ; spectabile, Wi Stonei platytaenium, 3 3525 ventricosum, 192. — pias saree cras- sinode, 376 ; Falconeri, 256 ; Siege bel superbum Huttonii Southfc a ae 60 ; thyrsiflorum, 352.—DIsa Veitchii, 320-— INDEX. Po:traits — EPIDENDRUM Ellisii, 256.—GALEANDRA Devoniana, 352.—GONGORA grossa, 256. —GRAMMATOPHYLLUM speciosum. 376. —HARBENARIA- Susanne, 352.—HOUL- LETIA Wallisii 352.—LALIA — anceps Chamberlainiana, 288 ; te la. alba Orcnid Dene var., 352 ; rata alba, al 352.—LA:LIOCATTLEYA Aphrodite, 320; Ariel, 96 ; Canbamiana, 288 ; cinator- Mossiz var. Purity, 224; aroldiasa Bronze pie: ¥92; luminosa Canar 376; Medina Excelsior, 224 ; is Louisa Fawiee. 4 288 ; Mrs. Ev elyn Norrie, 352; Nella Westonbirt var, 32; Pallas 352 ; Sunstar, 376 —LYCASTE gigantea, 192; Tunstilii, ASDEVALLIA, Charlesworthii, -Andre, be J: Gun 224 5 Laelia- Senden 9245 2 vexillaria otigeerae 420°: Fo pial 224 ; Le so a G. D. gels —Oponriopa 4; Sybil, Zenobia, 128.—ODON TOGLOSSUM agai Aiglon gyi ea Norman Cookso 320; a. Violette, 320; Atheltum, “re Sara big 96 ; sesso 325°C. Rese field var, 96; Colossus. 128 ; crispum, 162 0c Hobie 224; c. Persi on, 224 ex'miu olum, 256; Helius, 256 ; illus- trssimum, “192.3 Ki Arthur, 224 Lakinz, 192 ; Leander, 160; Mirabeau, ‘96; M. Mastiff, 160; Mirandus, 256; Mogul, 160, 192, 376; Mrs. W. Thomp- son, 256; Pa lium, 6 Queen 102-5 il lanum, 320 A Charlesworthii, 256, 288 ; eee ty 256, 288; Guillaume Olyff, 192 ; Lucilia, 128.—ONcIDIODA Maurice), I ON IDIUM cheirophorum corynephorum, 288 ; Leopoldianum, 288. PHINIA cristata, 64 ALANTHE ‘CARIA_ Steele ho 376; Wellesleyze Westonbirt —SOPHROLALIA Felicia Fowler’s ae: ’ “amie Nie DA Amesiana, 320 ; coerulea Wesicatin var., 192, 352 Hookeriana,, 352 5 ppv var. Le Mointerii, 96; Sanderiana, a av 224.— VANILLA Pompona, 2 56.— VUYLSTE- KEARA ne. 256.— ee cistom Sir Trevor var. Brewii, Primula ome fete QUEKETTIA, 176, s we Reic lige. Pecan um, 383, RAIN-WATER, 264. Ralli, Mr. Pandeli, 2, 61. Recapitulation of phylogenetic history, iia Reichenbach, Pro 129, 206, 208, bi ntents of, 207 ; condition of, 207 : Ren eat of, 130. Reichesbacths drawings, 207 ; types, 2 Renanthera Imschootiana, 139, 175, ete, 236; pulchella, 213, 271 Revue Florticole, 257. Ryo chon i guttata, 281 ; Robinson, Ro fe, a R. retusa, 281, 282. 375 ; Bornean Orchids, 191. Rom of a w Orchid, 163. Roots, cbierothell -bearing, Z - Rostellum of an Orchid, 2 ea Horiicdlincal isch 22, 49; 82, 114, 363 ; Amateur Ay 62 CRsgieaaton meetings, 35, $9 Nom Form), 35; m ote 1 clature Committee, 323 ; ybrid Alnaptapulcas 130. Rumphius, Assbvie Orchids, oem Berkeleyi, 281 ; pe ices ; littorale, 281 ; viola ceum, San fee List of Orchid Hybrids, fre Saprophytes, 73. Saprophitism in Orchids, 287. Sarcochilus, leafless, luniferus, 75; es, 75- ging ; Seats lium (xX Guthriei, 144; natural 753 S re raya Lora hybrid, 144. chombocattieya spiralis, 304. estruction to, III; treatment Selection mae improvement 26y ; functional, 293; purposive, Sexual process, 768, 291. Sigmatogyne, 170. /somepeing "ie" as a7 5. Slugs, 315, 3 Sobralias, 212, Re aa setts Horticultural, 3705 New York Horticultural, Pe vania Horticultural, 370. Shakespeare, 260. Sibyl, 2 246 ; St.-Arilda, 53; 5 gre Sopbrocattleya — - i 3S 5 lainiana, 239 ; S, 140; ce ‘ iS ovember, aa Wellesleyze oo. birt v 116. So pena hy pesis. on var., 364. Sophronitis gran oa pkan Digbyans, granulosa), 2 358, a (x Cattieya 384 Sophronitis bat 38, 39, 358. Southgate, Mr. 3 40: Spathoglottis, oe op ane 30 ; pulchra, 17. Species, 66, 71, 227, 267, 290, 292, 294, #935 and hybrids, 267 ; and varieties, 65, 66 fords anian, 71; limi "Linnean, 74,72; mere abstractions, 65, 70; Hybrids, 2 ; Origin of, 5, 67, 71, 72; (by cross- » 655 70; variability of, 71, Sete es-hybrids, 71. Srisaisbes gracilis, 313 ; Romanzoffiana, 314. pot Disease of Orchids, 252. Stanhopea guttulata, 239. Stanhopeas, 172, 251. Stereochilus, 176. TANIOPHYLLUM, 75. Thrip, 175. : Thunias, 111, 172. Trichocentrum panamense, 270. Trichoceros, 176. Trichopilias, 359. : ‘richotosia pilifera, 171. Type drawings, 231. olathe 228, 229, 230, (co-types), 239, 2 Oi eines, 292, 293. VANDA _ Batemanii, a 31: Cterulea, 37, (Spoton), 251; c. Rogersii, 31; cceru- lescens, 179 ; lnclag small- flowered, 224;% Lowii, 6, 35, (in Borneo), 6; Maronize, ackayl, 20 ; Prainianum, 308, 338 ; pumiia, 168 ; striata, 220, Bedok tarm 264. Zygotes, 291, 293 LIST™ OF ILLUSTRATIONS: Aérides odoratum at ee tesede 209 , Habenaria militaris 395 grecum links 284 | Habenaria 305 Brassavola Digbyan : 9 | Houlletia Wallisii 329 Brassavola Dea, capsule of. .2: 10°] Lioel Sir era L, Holford, K.C.V.O. 201° Brassocattleya Cliftonii magnifica - 14 | Miltonia St.-A gore 169 Brassocattleya Hyezx . ‘ : 5 dontioda Cliv : _ Brassocattleya Leemanniz 13 | Odontioda Fassae var. Pearl ; ey Brassocattleya M 1 12 | Odontioda Queen Mar 113 Brassocattleya sandhaghensis I eis, Saori sinabile var. . Starlight 81 rassocattleya Veitchii Holford’s var. 11 | Odont ssum Scottianum var. Mogul 145 Brassolelia Helen ; ; spt Od pera a Charlesworthii ‘ 241 Calanthe Cooksoniz . . 177 eo - Magali - Sander var. Cattleya Sybil and its varieti jes. 26 xa ‘ : 337 Cattleya Sybil var. Lord Kitchener 297 Oacidians Lie iboldii . 361 Cattleya Warscewiczii Frau Melanie Oncidium m Leopoldianum 345 Beyr 240 Orchid fie au at Jarvisbrook, Bird’s- Colman, Sir “Jeremiah, Bart, V.M.H. 232 Frontispiec. Orchid scdlbnie’ grown in glass ‘tubes 69 Cycnoches densiflorum 2 Orchids: a ent eh of Messrs. er’s Cypripedium Leeanum var. Gratrixia: 4! group at Chelse 185 2 Se at Enfield ; “View in “Cool 25 324 ( D bium formosum cinanes um Dendrobium nee “ peenee . 337 Dendrophylax fun eo... 73 Grammangis Ellisii : ; e273 Habenaria carnea ‘ : : «7 305 INDEX. Vandas, RAS SST, ariability, Bie: agiedag oli 71,72, 227_ 208. Variation 68, 196, 2 2 2935 a Pa eo hybridisation, 267 3 _ to crossing, Bo geographical, iss. i and ary hybrid Odontiodas, 106 ; secondary hybrids 267 ; Gouifeance of, oe through crossing, 72 26, Variations, 293; survival - 295. Varietal names of hybrids, 134. Varieties, cross 133. Variety- by brids, Ventilation, 357. Wevlstekeatcinnanie 219, 225. a Orchids, 7; WALLACE, Distebeton on Mendelism, 7 ; winism, 7 ; on Mutation, - ; on esha selection, vs Origin of species, 5 ; vels in Brazil, 5; Travels in the Malay Archicsbaer. 6. War, 257 ; gos Orchidology, 257. Westonbirr, White, Mr. W. ‘it. 351; 375. : Wilson, Mr. E. H., 63. Woodlice, 128. XYLOBIUM elatum, 270; ecuadorense, 270, see hd on Blackii, 341; brachystalix, 7 hou i ; 233 Paphinhe cristata : ; : - 49 Rhynchostylis gut . 281 Schombocattleya spiralis. 304 Spiranthes gracili 313 R W. SIMPSON & CO., LTD., PRINTERS, RICHMOND AND LONDON,