VANDA SANDERIANA

(See page 358.)

THE

ORGHID REVIEW

An Sllustrated Wlonthly Journal

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY

VOLUME IV

1896

Se Q2nH

London:
MARSHALL BROTHERS, KESWICK HOUSE, PATERNOSTER ROW, E.C.

[The right of reproduction is reserved.)

“ Accustomed as we are to look upon the animal and vegetable king-
1 distinct, our isk may well b kened, when
we see the various forms of the one appropriated by the flowers of the
other; and yet such encroachments are but a part of the liberties which
these Orchidacez are perpetually taking ; for, as if it were too simple a
matter to imitate the works of Nature only, they mimic the productions of
art! But not contented to rest even here, they display a restless faculty
ot invention, fully equal to their powers of imitation, and .
we find their flowers exhibiting a variety of strange and unearthly objects,
such as bear no resemblance to created things, nor yet to any of the works
of man.”—BATEMAN.

Subscriptions for 1896 are now due.

Vor. IV.]_ - JANUARY, 1806: —+SD [No. 37.

THE

ORCHID REVIEW:

Hn Blustrated. Monthly Fournal,

DEVOTED: TOO RCHIDOLOGY:

Contents.
PAGE

Notes... uae ae ... 1) The Spot Disease of Orchids ...

Oberonia myoae a2 ar ... - 3 | Novelties = es

Dies Orchidiane yea =6y EE Dendrobium iio een i

Cypripedium insigne ... eS Pe eg | Cirrhopetalum —— a

Notice of Book ... ne ie Bm Trias vitrina ... a

Eria biflora now oe Coelogyne Veitchii

Cypripediums with ieeaes) names ... 11} Polystachya Kirkii

Stanhopea Wardii venusta es ... 14| Lueddemannia triloba

Brassia Lewisii ... Z as <a ae Catasetum uncatum ...

The Hybridist .... ee Balers os Catasetum apertum ...
Lelio-cattleya x iaesine tee eS Scelochilus carinatus. . as
Cypripedium x Amesiz 15 Saccolabium paces : a 2
Cypripedium = Calypso Armstrong Cultivation of Oddutoglessene: Ceo

ianum é 15 | Calendar of Operations for January -
acpedium » x Spree ake Orchid Portraits

An Amateurs Notes... eee a : the Royal Horioutucd

Cypripedium ~ Satee (fig. 1) 17

Cypripedium callosum (Fig. 2) A ee eae &e.

Cypripedium Appletonianum (Fig. i ean
PRICE ONE SHILLING MONTHLY.
Post Free 12/- per ANNUM, PAYABLE IN ADVANCE.

BZondon:

MARSHALL BROTHERS, Keswick House, PaTERNOSTER Row,

[The right of reproduction is reserved.

BE.

ie ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. IV.] JANUARY, 1896. [No. 37.

NOTES.

THE first meeting of the year of the Royal Horticultural Society will be
held at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on January 14th, when
the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of twelve o’clock, noon.
The next meeting is on February 11th.

We have received a very pretty hybrid from the collection of Mrs. F. L.
Ames, Boston, Mass., a seedling raised by Mr. W. Robinson between C.
Boxallii and one of the montanum forms of C. insigne. A_ hybrid
between these two species was mentioned at p. 74 of our last volume,
under the name of C. X Madame de Curte, but it has also received at least
five other distinct names, and we are uncertain which is the original one.
The present one resembles C. Boxallii more than the other parent.

Another flower of Cattleya labiata pallida, described at page 7 of our
last volume, comes from the collection of J. W. Arkle, Esq., West Derby,
Liverpool. Curiously enough, this season there is a broad crimson streak
on the centre of the disc, and two or three small streaks on either side.
Last year these were absent.

A flower of a hybrid Cypripedium comes from H. J. Ross, Esq., of
Florence, which is believed to have been raised from C. xX Dauthieri
Rossianum ? and C. prestans 3, though curiously enough it is almost an
exact reproduction of the former, both in shape and colour. The chief
difference is that the dorsal sepal is rather narrower and with rather more
green.

Ach} iz with double-fi d

Mr. Ross alludes to the Cypripedium X
spike mentioned at page 375, and states that his plants are all double-
flowering, except when quite recently divided. The peculiarity probably
arises from excess of vigour, and affords evidence of good culture. Others

2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

frequently produce double-flowered scapes. Cypripedium Spicerianum has
been known to produce a three-flowered scape, but we believe such an
occurrence is excessively rare.

Mr. Ross also alludes to a variety of Cypripedium insigne calléd
Pynaertii, which always produces double-flowered scapes. It has long stems
and large blooms, in the way of C. i. Maulei. Mr. Ross considers it one
of the best, and thinks it is little known in England.

Another white Cattleya labiata has just flowered in the collection of
R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham. The flower is pure
white with the exception of some yellow in the the throat, and thus is the
variety C. 1. alba. It is out of an importation from Messrs. Sander.

A fine flower of Vanda ccerulea from the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw,
Esq., of Hessle, is 4} inches across its broadest diameter. Mr. Barker, the
gardener, remarks that they have a much better one (presumably darker)
which flowers every year in May and June. We have seen a similar very
handsome form with Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., of Heaton, Bradford,
and presume the character to be permanent.

Lelia anceps is one of the best of winter-flowering Orchids. Mr.
Hamilton, gardener to Hamar Bass, Esq., Byrkley, Burton-on-Trent, grows
it very successfully. He uses no shading, and remarks that, although this
has a tendency sometimes to make the leaves pale, a little soot and lime
strewed on the beds underneath soon make the leaves dark green again.
They flower very freely under this treatment. L. a. Hilliana and the large
richly-coloured L. a. grandiflora are enclosed.

At the Alderley Edge and Wilmslow Horticultural Society’s Show, held
on November 2gth and 3oth, fine collections of Orchids were exhibited
from the collection of E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr.
Mr. Holbrook), and from that of Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow
(gr. Mr. Worre), forming quite a feature of the Show.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, send a fine flower of
Odontoglossum tripudians in which the ground colour of the lip is white,
ultimately changing to light sulphur.

Oncidium cheirophorum is a very charming little autumn-flowering
species, which succeeds well in hanging pans in the Cool house, its dwarf
panicles crowded with pretty yellow flowers being very effective. A fine
example comes from the collection of C. Winn, Esq., Selly Hill, Birming-
ham, the panicle bearing nine side branches with flowers larger than usual.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3

A fine flower of Cattleya Lueddemanniana, eight inches across, is sent
by Messrs. Hurst & Son, Purbage Nurseries, Hinckley, together with a
fine Odontoglossum Rossii majus, and others.

Cypripedium X Leeanum giganteum, the finest of the Spiceriano-
insigne hybrids, with dorsal sepal 2} inches across, comes from the
collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Waltham Grange, Stone. Mr. Stevens
also encloses half-a-dozen named varieties of Lelia anceps, and a fine five-
flowered spike of the beautiful natural hybrid L. x Gouldiana.

The plant of Sophronitis pterocarpa in the collection of W. E. Ledger,
Esq., of Wimbledon, noted at page 100 of the last volume, has again
flowered well, producing twenty-one flowers on five racemes.

A fine flower of Cymbidium Tracyanum comes frem the collection of
W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., of Hessle, and a rather darker one from Messrs.
Sander. The latter is said to be from Upper Burma, thus confirming the
previous records.

A fine flower of the rare Miltonia Phalzenopsis comes from the collection
of R. I. Measures, Esq., of Camberwell. The unique plant of Pleurothallis
punctulata (Rolfe) in the same collection is now flowering very freely, all
the old growths with leaves producing blooms as well as the new ones.
The leaves are covered with a remarkable white mealiness.

The Orchids collected by Mr. G. F. Scott-Elliott on Mt. Ruwenzori,
Tropical Africa, have proved very interesting, the great majority being new.
Over forty species have been described in the Journal of Botany by Mr.
Rendle, the most remarkable being Epipactis africana.

OBERONIA MYOSURUS.

This very curious little plant has just flowered in the establishment of
Messrs. Hugh Low. & Co., of Clapton, probably for the first time in
cultivation. The leaves are terete, fleshy, and covered with minute greyish
pustules, instead of being equitant, like a small Iris. The flowers are deep
buff and very minute, but densely arranged in a cylindrical spike. The
reflexed sepals and petals are practically hidden behind the lip, whose
margin is broken up all round into a number of curved hairy teeth, giving
it also as much the appearance of some strange insect as of a flower;
the aid of a lens, however, being required to show its remarkable structure.
It is a native of Nepal and Burma, and was described in 1830 (Lindl. Gen.
& Sp. Orch., p. 16). R.A. _R:

4 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
DIES ORCHIDIAN&,

I NOTE with particular pleasure the two beautiful examples of good culture
so admirably figured in the last two numbers of the Review. Mr. Woodall’s
Vanda ceerulea is superb, and his notes on its culture should be read by
every grower of this useful autumn-flowering Orchid. It is well that a
photographic illustration of the plant to which a First-class Certificate was
awarded should be preserved. Similar remarks must be made with respect
to Mr. Bennett-Poe’s beautiful plant of Selenipedium caudatum Wallisii,
which deservedly secured a Cultural C d ing
to note that these satisfactory results were both obtained by rational
treatment—by imitating as far as posible the essential conditions under
which these plants grow in a wild state. Were this rule more frequently
followed, I believe that failures would be much less frequent than at
present. The majority of such cases arise from subjecting plants to
conditions which they have not been accustomed to in a state of nature—
frequently through ignorance—hence they refuse to thrive, and often die
outright. There is nothing remarkable in this, for even in a wild state
plants only thrive where the conditions are suitable; elsewhere they are
crowded out by a host of competitors. The cultivator may protect his
plants from the struggle for existence, but he cannot make them grow under
unsuitable conditions. Some people like to find out the proper treatment
for themselves, and frequently succeed, but it may safely be affirmed that
a knowledge of the essential conditions under which a plant grows is the
surest and quickest guide to success.

ion. It is furtheri

Another matter to which I cannot avoid alluding, especially as it has a
distinct hearing on the preceding remarks, is the frequent appearance at
recent meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society of those quaint and
beautiful plants, the Pescatoreas and their allies. It used to be remarked
that no one could grow them for long, and even when they succeeded for a
time they would suddenly go back for no apparent reason. Then it came
out that Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son had succeeded in growing them for
years, under conditions which have been detailed in the Review, and that
others who had adopted a method of treatment in accordance with the
conditions under which they grow naturally also found no difficulty with
them, and now that their culture is no longer regarded as hopeless, I hope
to see more of them in the future. They are a particularly interesting
group, and seem to keep growing and throwing up occasional flowers
throughout the year.

These points serve to emphasise the remarks made by Mr. Burberry

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 5

some time ago, that importers ought to furnish more information about the
habitats of new Orchids than at present; and this could easily be done
without disclosing the localities where they grow, if these must sometimes
be kept secret. It seems to be thought that because a plant is a Dendrobium
or an Oncidium, people will know how to treat it. But I once founda
New Guinea Dendrobium resting in a Cool house with D. nobile, and the
treatment killed it; and as to Oncidiums, they grow almost from sea level
in the Tropics right up to the zone of Cool Odontoglossums in the Andes.
We all know what happened when Odontoglossums were grown in the stove,
and what would befall Oncidium Lanceanum in the Cool house; hence I fully
endorse Mr. Burberry’s remarks. The information would be much more
useful than that sometimes furnished when a new Orchid is distributed, to
which I have alluded on more than one occasion. Happily it does some-
times appear from other sources, and is always welcome.

Several times lately I have called attention to the rapidly growing
confusion in the names of hybrid Orchids, and also suggested a
remedy, and I note with pleasure that a correspondent of the Garden offers
similar suggestions. ‘‘ During the last four years,’’ Stelis remarks, “at
least 500 new names have been added to the Cypripediums, and it is a
question whether these are all sufficiently distinct. Take for example, C.
Ceres, C. Fascinator, C. Medea, and C. Marchioness of Salisbury, the result
of crossing C. Spicerianum and C. hirsutissimum. Surely, however distinct,
it might have been considered that the original name of the cross, C. Charles
Richman, should have remained. My experience is that out of fifty plants
obtained from the same pod of seed one could get, at the least, forty varieties,
some with a few more spots and others a shade or two darker in colour.
Is this, however, sufficient distinction to merit a new name? The Orchid
Committee seems to think so. I am quite aware of the difficulties under
which the Committee are placed, but they have a code of rules which appear
to be followed as much in the breach asin the observance. I believe the
rules are laid down that all exhibits shall be named in Latin, and a
reference given to the botanist who has described the plant. This latter
part might certainly be cut out in respect to hybrids, for the Kew authorties
decline to deal with them, but in the case of species they are always willing
to render every assistance. If the Latin naming was strictly adhered to, it
would do away with useless and unnecessary names. The Committee, by
setting their faces against complimentary and useless names, such as
Charles Canham, the Hon. Mrs. Astor, &c., would benefit all lovers of
Orchids.”

Here is a promising addition to the ranks of our Rational Nomenclature

6 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

League, and I readily forgive him for getting a little mixed. Indeed, if I
touched Cypripediums often I fear I should get mixed myself. Ceres,
Fascinator, and Medea areall right, but not the others. Still, I can furnish the
necessary illustration. C. x Charles Richman, X Météore, X Leysenianum,
x Francois Peeters, and x Marchioness (or Countess) of Salisbury (both
having been recorded), are all derived from C. barbatum and C. bellatulum.
The moral holds good all the same, though I cannot quite endorse the
remark about the Latin naming, for if all had received different Latin
names the result would have been just the same. My own views that the
proper name of this hybrid is C. xX Richmanii are already on record—
my readers may adopt them or not as they please—and I consider all
the others either synonymous or varieties only; the latter if distinct
enough, but I question whether all would stand the test of being grown
side by side. The remarks about complimentary names in the vernacular
Iendorse, except when applied to florists’ flowers and according to florists’
methods. I note with pleasure the growing feeling against a system which
is rapidly bringing our nomenclature into a state of hopeless confusion,
and as the Review affords a medium for the Jahres me of the results
achieved by the hybridist, I hope to see a cor in the
future.

I 5 x

ARGUS.

ee

CYPRIPEDIUM INSIGNE.

A SERIES of a dozen flowers of Cypripedium insigne has been sent by Mr.
J. Coles from the collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands,
eae ig show the LS peaeerits range of variation in the so-called

’ forms i duced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. some time
ago. They are cut from a house containing upwards of a thousand blooms.
The numerous fine varieties which have appeared during recent years were
enumerated in these pages a year ago (pp. 8-11), when a series somewhat
similar to the above came from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq.,
Bridge Hall, Bury. The present series does not contain any of the named
forms previously mentioned, but it shows a wide range of variation both in
shape and colour, and especially in the size and arrangement of the spots.
One large form has the dorsal sepal 2} inches broad, and some of the spots
in the centre are over }-inch in diameter. Another smaller form has
numerous quite minute dots on the lower half, a few only along the centre
being somewhat broader. A third, smaller still, has the spots quite minute and
confined to the base of the sepal, while, in a fourth, they are suffused over
the lower half of the same organ as a brownish stain. In another example
the spots are large and chiefly arranged along the centre. One rather bright
form, in which the petals and lip are rather dark, bears a two-flowered scape,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. ,

and of the remainder no two are alike in the size and arrangement of the
spots. The ground colour also shows a certain amount of variation. A
fine photograph of the house above mentioned has since been sent by
Mr. Measures.

Several distinct forms also come from the collection of H. Gurney Aggs,
Esq., Pippbrook, Dorking. One is a large flower with the disc of the
dorsal sepal regularly covered with numerous small dark spots a sixteenth-
of-an-inch in diameter. The white extends scarcely a fourth of the distance
from the apex, and the spots at the base are somewhat confluent. This
might be called variety punctatissimum. A second is very near the variety
radiatum, the markings being arranged in lines, which extend a little
beyond the middle, and towards the base are also connected by transverse
lines. A third has numerous rather large blotches very regularly arranged,
which extend to within half-an-inch of the apex. A fourth variety is
distinguished by the pale colour of the spots, which are hardly as numerous
as usual and ofa light dusky brown. Four others are good, but less distinct
spotted forms.

A fine variety called C. i. atratum, very nearly allied to the variety Bohn-
hofianum, has been sent from the collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., of
Weston-super-Mare. It has a large basal area wholly suffused with bright
brown, which, along the centre, almost reaches the white apex. In the
last-named variety the green zone surrounding the brown is broader than
in the present one, and of uniform width. A very pretty form closely
approaching var. Chantini, but more closely spotted, also comes from the
same collection.

A very fine light yellow form from the collection of W. Thompson,
Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, has been sent by Mr. Stevens. It is almost
identical with C. i. Chantini in shape, with the dorsal sepal 2} inches
broad, but the colour is totally different, as the spots are almost, though not
quite, obliterated. Several yellow forms are now known, and this is not
quite like anything we remember to have seen.

Mr. A. Dimmock, traveller for Messrs. Sander, writes that the finest
collection of Cypripedium insigne in America is that at Rochester, New
York, brought together by the late Mr. W. S. Kimball, which includes
some truly remarkable forms. A florist in New York grows this species
very largely for cut flowers, and has probably the largest collection in the
world, and this season will be able to cut ten thousand flowers. It is an
excellent plant for this purpose, as the flowers are very durable, lasting
almost as long in an ordinary room as when left on the plant. All points
considered, it is the best of autumn-flowering species, and the recent impor-
tations have given a great impetus to its culture.

8 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTICE OF BOOK.

The Orchid Hybrids: E tion and Classification of all hybrids of Orchids.
By Grorce Hansen, Jackson, Amador County, California, 8vo., pp. 257-
London, Dulau & Co., Soho Square. Berlin, Friedlander & Sohn,
Carlstrasse.

WE cannot all follow the same vocation. ‘While one man is engaged

to prove the extent of this mundane sphere, another, his neighbour, is

planting the potatoes, which serve as his food.” Mr. Hansen has both
proved his own existence and indicated his vocation—or, at all
events, one of them, for he seems to combine the role of historian, critic,
philosopher, and preacher, all in one, though we can hardly undertake to
prove the assertion within the limits of a short notice. For this the reader
must go to the book itself. Indeed, we might almost head our remarks
with the words, “First notice,” were we to attempt a complete review of
its contents. Its general character, however, will be readily inferred from
the title. The nucleus of the work was collected in 1884, when the author
was actively engaged among the subjects of which he treats, and has been
continually receiving additions up to the present time, under circumstaces
which can easily be imagined when he sorrowfully alludes to himself as one

“who has not seen an Orchid for years.” The first 75 pages consists of

various introductory matters, and the remainder of an enumeration of the

various hybrids known, forming altogether an encylopedia of valuable
information respecting hybrid Orchids. It is dedicated to Dr. Maxwell

T. Masters, F.R.S.

It is to the latter part of the work that one naturally turns for a
justification of its existence, and we may at once say that with two rather
important exceptions Mr. Hansen has done his work well. ‘aking
Cypripedium, for example (omitting Selenipedium, which is very properly
kept separate), we find over seventy pages devoted to it. First comes an
alphabetical list of synonyms with their equivalents (this we should have
placed at the end); then one of the species used in crossing, with the
resulting hybrids ; and, finally, a list of the hybrids themselves. As to the
information given, we may take the first hybrid raised as an example :—-
““Calanthe Dominii, Lindl. (Masuca 9 x furcata). Dominy, for Veitch,
Exeter, G. Ch., 1858, i., p. 4. fg. Bot. Mg., t. 5042. Seed obtained 1854,
flowered 1856.” This is fulland concise (though the “i” in G. C. reference
is unnecessary, and one has to think a moment before discovering that
“fg.” means *‘fig.””). And this leads us up to our first little grumble. The
author in the great majority of cases uses this style of reference :— G. Ch.,
Oct. 23, ’86” (Cattleya x calummata), “O. R., Oct. 94” (Cattleya x
Hardyana). If one wishes to turn up the original information he must

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 9

either search through the whole number, or turn to the index, both of
which involve a great waste of time, and the latter is not always successful,
as we have frequently proved. If a reference is given, the page should
always be added. The author says, ‘“‘ My citations vary - from
the rules of botanists.” Let him at once disabuse his mind m this idea.
They are only the rules of common sense and convenience.

Our next objection is a strong one, for in his treatment of generic
hybrids the author has been particularly unfortunate. He observes—‘ I
have handled the material on hand without creating any new names.” We
wish we could congratulate him. On the contrary, all the hybrids between
Cattleya and Lelia, which ever since 1887 we have called Lzlio-cattleya,
are transferred to Catlelia; Phaio-calanthe becomes Phalanthe (as if a
hybrid between Phalznopsis and Calanthe were intended) ; Sophro-cattleya

is changed into Sophroleya ; and Zyg lax me ee Brasso-cattleya
also becomes Brassoleya, and for Epi is ituted Epileya.
Epilelia, however, is retained (note how nearly it resembles the sapien
word), as are also Epipt hrolzlia, and Hab i The

result is over eighty new names, whieh are absolutely unnecessary, and
even misleading. Where, for example, is ‘“Catlelia albanensis, Rolfe,”
described? And the same may be said of all the references given, in all of
which the plants are mentioned under other names. The author elsewhere
remarks, “Ifa cross has been given the name formed by combining the
terms of his parents—no matter whether it has been done rightly or
wrongly accorded to botanic usage—uphold the name . . . do not try
and re-christen it.” It may be Mr. Hansen's opinion that some of the
hybrid generic names might originally have been more abbreviated, but his
own remarks shonld have prevented the perpetration of six new generic,
mad over "eighty 1 new xiapi synonyms. But if he must indulge in
g, why not Epinitis and Haborchis? And if
Lzlio-cattleya is too long why stop at Catlelia, when Leleya is so much
shorter? It fits Epileya admirably, and the similarity to Lelia would give
no trouble to those who can appreciate the subtle difference between
Sobralia and Sobraleya (to be mentioned presently).
Then we get a batch of new names for supposed or r reputed generic

crosses, as Cysepedium (between Cypripedium and Selenipedi Epidro-
_ (Epidend and Dendrobium), Odopetalum (Odontogl and

Schombletia (Schomburgkia and Bletia), Sobraleya (Sobralia
and pe ee Pp i hronitis and Brassavola), oi
de Besa = POETS and Zygodend (Zy and

g the first the author remarks : aa If I propose to
order under this Srepiiation -name all those attempts at cross-fertilisation
of species of the genera Cypripedi and Selenipedi I do not see why

10 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the fact that not one of all those attempts has ever produced a flowering
plant should interfere with my proposal.” We take precisely the opposite
view, and we think the very facts adduced should have prevented such a
proposal ever being made. Names should not be given to commemorate
mere ‘‘ attempts ’’—and some are nothing more, for on flowering one or
two of them have proved to be empty traditions. It is only when such
plants actually flower that one can be certain that a bona fide cross has been
effected, and only then should a name be given. Odopetalum is thus
justified :—« Seedlings raised by Veitch, of Chelsea, between Zygopetalum
Mackayi and several Odontoglossa have turned out to be simple Zyg.
Mackayi.” Odopetalum is therefore simply Zygopetalum Mackayi. Can
anything be more absurd? Some of the other reputed crosses may prove
equally apparitional. The author alludes to—* The attack upon momen-
clature by the French savant who committed the horrible Miltoniopsis (do
not let us mention his name).”” But we will desist, or we may discover the
stick created by Mr. Hansen to beat himself with. We should, however,
like to hear the remarks of the French savant when reading these remarkable
lines.

The introductory portion contains much interesting matter, together
with some that is either personal or that has no relation to the subject
matter of the book, and some of this we think would have better—indeed,
ought to have—been omitted. Some of the points we shouid like to have
alluded to did space permit. One remark, however, we cannot allow to
pass unnoticed, and-that is where the author, in alluding to the Orchid
Review in very complimentary terms, makes an assumption with regard to
the initiation of that work, for which there is not the slightest foundation,
either in substance or fact, but which need not be mentioned further. In
conclusion, we may add that apart from the points above mentioned Mr.
Hansen has produced a very valuable book, which will be of the greatest
service to those who are in any way interested in hybrid Orchids. This,
of course, is not endorsing every detail, though we have no desire to detract
from the merits of a work which contains so useful a summary of the
results attained by the hybridist, we only wish the author had not given us
so much to object to. Had he accepted the “advice and guidance” which
he alludes to with “pleasure,” a good deal of it might have been avoided.

ERIA BIFLORA.

Although described in 1851 (Griff. Notul., iii., p. 302) this singular little
species is still very imperfectly known, and it is therefore interesting to note
that it has re-appeared in the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., of Coles-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 11

bourne, Gloucestershire. It belongs to the section Cylindrolobus, which
is characterised by having two or three coloured bracts at the base of the
very short recemes. In the present species the bracts are orange-yellow in
colour, reflexed, and about three lines long, and the flowers whitish-yellow,
and of about the same size. The plant is about six inches high, and each
pseudobulb bears several of its short two-flowered racemes. The species
has been found both at Mergui, in Tenasserim, and in Sikkim. RwAyR:

CYPRIPEDIUMS WITH IDENTICAL NAMES.

THE beginning of the year 1896 appears a suitable time to place before
your readers an “‘ up-to-date’ record of those Cypripediums and Seleni-
pediums, which, though differing from each other, have received identical
names. I propose to take them alphabetically, offering explanatory
remarks as I proceed.

To begin with, there are two Cypripediums named Adonis, both
hybrids, one introduced by Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, parentage
C. Spicerianum ? xX C. X Harrisianum ¢ ; the other, generally known
as Ingram’s variety, was exhibited before the Orchid Committee by C. J.
Ingram, Esq., in September, 1893, its parents being hirsutissimum ? X
Curtisii ¢ (O.2., I., p. 318).

The name album was given by Aiton in 1789 to a North American
Cypripedium, and on the 13th August, 1895, C. J. Ingram, Esq., showed a
hybrid Selenipedium under the same name raised from S. X leucorrhodum ?
and S. Schlimii ¢ (O. R., III., p. 287). In this case, one being a Cypri-
pedium and the other a Selenipedium, confusion is hardly likely to arise,
although the latter are too frequently described under the name Cypri-
pedium. Mr. Rolfe, too, discards the name album, for the former,
restoring the name Regine, as given by Walter a year earlier (O. R., I.,
p- 268).

Cypripedium x Alfred Bleu was described in the Revue Horticole as
having for parents C. ciliolare ¢ and C. insigne Chantini ¢ (O. R., L.,
p- 93), while another, C. X Alfred Bleu, with parentage C. X Crossianum
@ x villosum ¢, appears in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1895, i., p. 370).
Surely, a mistake of parentage in the latter case.

In the Orchid Review, vol. 1., p. 328, you will find C. X amabile,
raised by M. Alfred Bleu, of Paris, from C. X javanico-superbiens ? and
C. Hookers 3, while the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1895, i.; p. 370) records
C. x amabile (Page) as C. Boxallii ¢ x C. X Dauthieri 3.

C. X Bellona is a name given by R. I. Measures, Esq., to one of his
hybrids, raised from C. villosum ? and C. Spicerianum ¢, shown in

12 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

November, 1893 (O. R., I., p. 374), and more recently by M. Jules Hye to
the cross from C. Spicerianum ¢ and C. x Sallieri Hyeanum 3 (Gard.
Chron., 1895, i., p. 207). This latter hybrid should return to its original
name, C. X aureum.

C. X Cecilia was exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Co., 26th Sept., 1893,
as raised from C. tonsum @ and C. Spicerianum g (O. R., I., p. 350),
while another of the same name, but with parentage purpuratum Kimballi-
anum @ X Spicerianum g appears in E. Bohnhof’s Dictionnaire des
Orchidees Hybrides (1895), and also in one of Messrs. Charlesworth’s
Catalogues for the same year.

Are there two distinct C. x Charles Goudoin’s? The Orchid Review
(vol. I., p. 154) quotes one from the Orchidophile (November, 1892, p. 337)
and records the parents as C. x Harrisianum and C. insigne Chantini,
while Mr. Williams, in his Orchid Growers’ Manual (7th edition, p. 243), gives
C. Charles Goudoin—*a cross between C. insigne punctatum violaceum
and C. X vernixium.” Probably they are the same thing, and the record of
parentage doubtful.

C. X Claudii, raised by M. Moens (0. R., IL., p- 59), has for its parents
C. Spicerianum ¢ and C. x vernixium ¢, but C. x Claudi appears
in Mr. E. Bohnhof’s book as Spicerianum 3 X insigne Wallacei 3.

There seems to be some confusion between the names C. x delicatum
and C. X delicatulum. M. Jules Hye appears to have given the former
name to a Spicerianum hybrid (Gard. Chron., 1894, UL., p. 728), and
Messrs. Lewis & Co., of Southgate, inform me that their hybrid exhibited
as C. X delicatum on October r4th, 1895, has for its parents C. Dayanum
and C. barbatum, Warnerianum. Doubtless this last is identical with
C. X delicatulum, Rchb. f.

The name Eurydice seems to have found favour with hybridists, there
being no less than three Cypripediums so named. First we have C. X
Eurydice, from C. x Leeanum superbum 3 and hirsutissimum 3, of M.
Ch. Vuylsteke (O. R., IL., p- 61) then one of Continental origin from C.
Boxallii @ and Spicerianum 3g (Gard. Chyon., 1895, i., p. 199), and,
lastly, one from C. Hookere g and C. Spicerianum 3, of American origin
(Gard. Chron., 1895, i., p. 550).

With Finetianum it is again a case of C pripedi and Selenipedi
the former being from C. philippinense @ and ciliolare 3, or the reverse
cross to C. x Alfred Hollington, the latter from S. x cardinale @ and S.
caudatum ¢ (O. R., III., P- 102).

C. X Gibezianum appears as venustum ? X villosum ¢ according to
Lindenia (t. 425), and as villosum 9 x insigne ¢ in the Gardeners’

Chronicle (1895, i., p. 370). Doubtless the same thing, but with parentage
not strictly recorded.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 13

a: Sal

We next come to a C and a each named
giganteum, the former from c. x tSallieni Hyeanum 2 and C. X Harrisianum
3 (O. R., I., p. 316), and the latter from S. caudatum Uropedium ¢ and
S. X grande ¢ (0. R., III., p. 77).

The Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society (vol. XVII., p. ccxlvi.) records
Cypripedium x gloriosum from C. insigne Chantini ¢ and C. xX Io
grande g, and the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1895, i., p. 200) has one of the same
name attributed to Hye from C. Lawrenceanum @? and C. X Harrisianum 3 .

Again we come to a name which has been chosen by hybridists in
America, on the Continent, and in our own island, viz.: Hebe. Two are
in all probability the same, the one recorded in the Orchid Review (I., p.
319) as from C. Hookere Measuresianum ? and C. Lawrenceanum ¢
(O. R., I., p. 319), and that of the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1894, ii., p. 318),
from C. Volonteanum ¢ and C. Lawrenceanum ¢, both coming from R.
I. Measures, Esq. The American C. x Hebe is, however, quite distinct,
being from C. Spicerianum ¢ and C. Stonei g (O. R., I., p. 119), while
that of M. Jules Hye-Leysen is said to be derived from C. Spicerianum and
C.:X Sallieri (GO. Rey Ti p29)-

C. x Hera receiyed a First-class Certificate in 1892, being derived from
C. x Leeanum ? and C. Boxallii ¢, but the name was afterwards changed
to C. x Adrastus, under which new name it was Certificated in 1894. A
hybrid from C. Spicerianum ¢? and C. villosum ¢, raised in the collection
of R. H. Measures, Esq., was previously named C. X Hera by Mr. Rolfe
(Gard. Chron., 1890, i., p. 105).

C. x Hermione was the name chosen for my seedling from C. iss
ianum ? and C. barbatum Warneri 3, and the same name was given by
M. Jules Hye at a later date to one of his batch of seedlings from C.
Spicerianum ¢ and C. x Sallieri Hyeanum $ (Gard. Chron., 1895, i., p-
207). With regard to the first, I am content to adopt the nomenclature C.
x Eyermanianum var. Hermione (O. R., II., p. 22), while the second
should undoubtedly be written C. xX aureum, or C. X aureum var.
Hermione.

C. x Horneri was raised in the collection of Colonel Marwood from C.
Boxallii ¢ and C. Argus ¢ (O. R., vol. II., p. 80), and Messrs. Charles-
worth, of Bradford, have in their catalogue for 1895 C. x Horneri from
C. Argus x villosum, evidently a mistake, as this is the parentage of C. x
vernixium.

I have on my list five Cypripediums and one Selenipedium named X
hybridum, and I record them here, although I scarcely think hybridum
should be used as a specific name. We have C. x hybridum from villosum
@ X barbatum ¢ (Will. Orch. Gro. Man., ed. 7, p. 266); C. X hybridum
from C. Stonei ? and C. barbatum ¢ (Gard. Chron., 1895, i., p- 201); and

14 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

three mentioned in Mr. E. Bohnhof’s Dictionnaire (1895) from C. Boxallii @
and C. insigne Chantini 3, C. Boxallii g and C. Spicerianum 3, and from
C. Haynaldianum ¢ and C. Spicerianum g. The Selenipedium is from
S. caudatum roseum ¢ and S. X conchiferum g, and was raised by
Messrs. Sander (O. R., I., p. 326). [Curiously enough, none of these is the
original C. x hybridum, figured and described in November, 1875 (Fl.
Mag., n. s.,t. 187) as a Veitchian hybrid, derived from C.barbatum ¢ and
C. Stonei ¢. Soon afterwards it was described under the more suitable
name of C. X euryandrum (Gard. Chyron., 1875, ii., p. 772), under which it
is now known.—Ep. |
REGINALD YOUNG.
‘To be continued.)

STANHOPEA WARDII VENUSTA.

Two remarkably fine plants of Stanhopea Wardii have flowered in the
collection of E. A. Bevers, Esq., of Oxford, of which photographs and
flowers have been sent. They belong to Lindley’s variety venusta, char-
acterised by uniformly deep orange-yellow flowers, the dark blotches on the
hypochil having vanished. The best plant had three racemes, each bearing
ten flowers, and the other two racemes with the same number of flowers.
A third has also bloomed well. They were purchased last spring at a sale
of plants, of the late Mr. Boton, of Tew Park, being turned out of a Vinery
with various ordinary plants. If one may judge by their vigour, the situation
must have suited them admirably. Stanhop are doubtedly very
striking plants, and if well grown very floriferous, though the flowers are
unfortunately rather fleeting. They are, however, included in many
collections, and deserve a little more attention than they receive at present.

BRASSIA LEWISII.

Ir appears that this pretty little species, which flowered with Messrs.

. L.. Lewis & Co., in 1893, is a native of the Amazon district, for a
Brassia which has flowered in the collection of John W. Arkle, Esq., of
West Derby, Liverpool, proves identical, and of this Mr. Arkle states that
it was imported from the Rio Negro district with a lot of Cattleya luteola,
C. Eldorado, and Galeandra Devoniana. The original record was :—‘ Its
exact habitat is not known, but the plants were purchased from a man who
collected them when searching for Cattleyas, and who has since died”
(Supra, I., p. 199). This definite inf ion is very i ing. It is a
graceful little plant, and Mr. Arkle remarks that the pseudobulbs are four
inches long by one inch broad, and not thicker than a paper-knife.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 15
THE HYBRIDIST.
L&LIO-CATTLEYA X TIRESIAS;

ANOTHER pretty little hybrid from Cattleya Bowringiana has appeared in
Messrs. Veitch’s establishment, of which we have received a two-flowered
raceme. The pollen parent was a form of Leelio-cattleya x elegans, and
the hybrid is said to be quite intermediate between the two parents. The
flower most resembles the seed parent, a peculiarity which is seen in all
the hybrids from this species. The sepals and petals are 2} inches long,
and the latter {-inch broad, the colour being bright rose-purple. The lip
is rather closely rolled round the short column, but on being flattened out
is seen to be distinctly, though not very strongly, three-lobed. The front
half is rich crimson-purple, of a tint closely resembling the pollen parent,
and the centre of the disc bears several similar lines, while the base of
each side lobe is white. It is a very pretty little plant, and when it becomes
strong will probably bear numerous flowers, as is the case with both the
parents.

CyPRIPEDIUM X AMESL&.

This is a large and very pretty hybrid raised by Mr. W. Robinson,
gardener to Mrs. F. L. Ames, from C.tonsum ? and C. Fairieanum ¢,
from whom we have received a flower through Mr. A. Dimmock, traveller
for Messrs. F. Sander & Co., who has just returned from the States. It is
quite intermediate in structure, though in colour it most resembles the
seed parent. The dorsal sepal is broadly ovate-orbicular, 2} inches long
by 2 inches broad, and bears about twenty-one narrow purple-brown stripes
ona light ground. The petals are deflexed, undulate, 24 inches long, and
very similar in colour, except that the nerves are less distinct and bear a
few small spots on the disc. The lip is most like C. Fairieanum, but
2 inches long, and suffused with light purple-brown ; while the staminode
most resembles the other parent. It is an interesting addition to the list
of C. Fairieanum crosses.

CypRIPEDIUM X CALYPso VAR. ARMSTRONGIANUM.

This very handsome hybrid was raised in the collection of C. Winn,
Eons Selly Hill, Birming! from Cypripedium Boxallii atratum ? and
Gr ifi g, and thus is the reverse cross of the original
Cc. x Calypso, ‘hich | however, has been several times recorded under
different names. The present form has the general shape of the original
one, but is markedly different in having the greater part of the dorsal sepal
strongly suffused with reddish purple. The rest of the flower most
resembles C. Spicerianum, the petals being undulate and much spotted at
the base, though darker in colour, the lip also darker, and the staminode

16 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

puce-purple, with slightly paler margin and deep yellow centre. It is a

very handsome variety.
CYPRIPEDIUM X SYMONDSI#&.

A very pretty little hybrid from the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of
Florence, another of the batch which unfortunately lost their labels in the
transfer of the Orchids from Castagnola. It is, however, precisely inter-
mediate between C. venustum and C. purpuratum, and, as Mr. Ross very
well remarks, is evidently derived from these two species. The dorsal
sepals have almost the shape of the latter, but is very little reflexed at the
sides, and has about fifteen green nerves on a white ground. The petals
well combine the characters of the two parents, being purple with a slightly
brownish hue, except at the greenish base, and with numerous dark purple-
brown spots on the basal half, as seen in C. purpuratum. They are also
neatly ciliate. The lip and staminode also bear much resemblance to
C. purpuratum. The characters of C. venustum are apparent enough
in the modified details of the flower, and are probably more apparent in the
foliage, which we have not seen. It is avery pretty little plant, and is
dedicated by request to Miss Margaret Symonds, eldest daughter of
Mr. John Addington Symonds.

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

THE Calanthes still maintain a good show, though some of the earlier ones
are getting over. Cypripedium insigne, too, is past its best, though some
of the later ones are still perfect, and the hybrids maintain a good show,
C. x Leeanum being one of the most effective. But the plant of the
month par excellence is Lalia anceps, of which a series of white and several
coloured varieties impart quite a gay appearance to the house. A good
plant of L. autumnalis and another of L. x Gouldiana are also very
effective.

The chaste and beautiful little Masdevallia tovarensis is now coming
out, and some of the old scapes, which were not “ are Rewering as
well as the new ones. The fine old Zyg is ex-
panding, and one of the most striking planted in the aR besides being
deliciously fragrant, and of the easiest possible culture. Odontoglossum
Rossii and O. pulchellum are now expanding, while quite a number of
other things are showing signs of renewed activity. With the gradually
lengthening days which will soon be upon us an increasing variety of
interesting things will require our attention.

AMATEUR.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 17
CYPRIPEDIUM x SIAMENSE.

THE group figured to-day is a particularly int ing one, rep ing the
natural hybrid Cypripedium x siamense (whose history was given at p. 20
of the last volume), together with its two parents. In 1889 Messrs. Veitch
wrote—‘ No Cypripedium having the aspect of being a natural hybrid between
two recognised species has ever yet appeared among importations of the
species” (Man., IV., p. 70), but at the present time four such are
known, C. X Littleanum and C. x Kimballianum having appeared last year.
C. X SIAMENSE (fig. 1) originally appeared in the collection of R. H.
Measures, Esq., of Streatham, in 1888, among plants of the original importa-
tion of C. callosum imported by M. Regnier. Reichenbach gave the name C.

Fig I.—cyYPRIPEDIUM X SIAMENSE. Fig?3.—C. APPLETONIANUM.
Fig 2.—c. CALLOSUM.

callosum var. subleve (Gard. Chron., 1888, i., p. 331), remarking—“ It might
be supposed to be a natural hybrid, but I do not believe it . . . M. Regnier
would have brought the other species.” A year later it appeared with M. J.
Garden, of Paris, and was independently described under its present name
(Rolfe, in Gard. Chron., 1889, i., p. 192), its hybrid origin not then being
suspected. Subsequently plants appeared in other collections, generally
unexpectedly among C. callosum. The significance of these facts afterwards
came out when Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. introduced another species in
quantity, together with C. callosum. In 1894 a plant flowered out of this

18 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

importation, which Messrs. Low, without knowing its name, considered
might be a natural hybrid between the two species in question, and the
subsequent identification of this plant with C. siamense put the whole
matter in a totally new light. The accompanying illustration is reproduced
from a photograph taken by Mr. I’Anson, and shows how well the characters
of the two very distinct parents are combined in the hybrid, which is fairly
intermediate in character. We may now ask some of our hybridists to
demonstrate experimentally what must be obvious to every one. The
experiment of crossing these two species together would be at once very
simple and very interesting.

C. CALLosuM (fig. 2) is a well-known plant, introduced from Siam, in
1885, by M. Regnier, of Paris, and was described in the following year
(Rchb. f., in Gard. Chron., 1886, ii., p- 326). It is closely allied to C. bar-
batum and C. Lawrenceanum, but is readily distinguished by its falcate
petals, and different foliage.

C. APPLETONIANUM (fig. 3) is the mysterious second parent whose
absence probably prevented Reichenbach from guessing the truth about
what he called C. callosum var. subleve, and in any case his remark above
cited is suggestive. Its original’ appearance is uncertain, and it would be
interesting to learn whether M. Regnier did not actually obtain it in his
original importation of C. callosum. Did no one flower supposed poor
forms out of this importation which possibly were thought not to be worth
keeping? The earliest record appears to be in 1893, when a plant flowered
in the collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, said to
have been introduced with C. Hooker, from which it was said to differ in
the flowers, and in the absence of I

in the leaves. It was described
as C. Appletonianum (Gower, in Garden, 1893, i., p. 95), afterwards becoming
C. Bulleni ar. Appl (Rolfe, in Orch. Rev., I., p. 135). It is
probable that the recorded origin of this plant is erroneous. At all events
it has been introduced in quantity by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., from Siam,
together with C. callosum. C. Poyntzianum (O’Brien, in Gard. Chron.,
1894, i, p. 36), which appeared in the collection of Reginald Young, Esq.,
of Liverpool, is identical, and also appeared among imported plants of C.
callosum (Orch. Rev., IL., p. 54, IIL., p. 55): The botanical status of this
plant is a little uncertain. The flowers are very similar to those of the
Bornean C. Bullenianum, owing to which it was made a variety of it, yet
the leaves are remarkably different, and as the new facts show that it is not
an aberrant form of C. Bullenianum, as at first supposed, the best course
seems to be to consider it a closely allied species, or what is often termed 2
subspecies. A question of this kind can never be decided without a full
knowledge of the facts, and a comparison with the allied forms. The leaves
closely resemble C. callosum, The staminode is small, and the incurved

a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 19

apex of the dorsal is peculiar. The infl is ionally two-
flowered, as in the present example.

Thus the history of this group of plants is particularly interesting, and if
the last- named i is neath of great decorative value it should find a place in all
C. X siamense most resembles this parent, but
the dorsal sepal, especially, is much modified; and it is a more attractive
plant. All three usually flower in the winter or early spring.

4

THE SPOT DISEASE OF ORCHIDS.

A VERY important paper on the above disease, by Mr. G. Massee, of Kew,
appears in the last number of the Annals of Botany (vol. ix., pp. 421-429,
t. 15), in which the vexed question of its origin is set at rest. Allusion was
made to the matter at page 130 of our last volume, but it now appears
that the disease is not due to a fungus, as was then supposed, but to causes
which to a great extent are under the control of the cultivator. The
investigation was at first d with the p ived idea that a
fungus was the cause of the mischief, but when various experiments had
failed to demonstrate its existence a search was made for bacteria, and with
like results. Efforts were then made to induce the disease in healthy plants
by inoculation with the expressed juice from diseased spots, but with no

more success, and this was accepted as evidence that the malady was of
non-parasitic origin.

It has often been contended that ‘spot’ was due to atmospheric con-
ditions, and Mr. Watson now suggested a sudden chilling of the plants as a
probable cause. Experiments were therefore made with a view of testing
this. A plant of Habenaria Susanne, perfectly free from spot, which had
been growing in a temperature of 75° to 80° F., was covered with a bell-
glass, on which cold water from a tap was allowed to flow for twelve hours,
during which time the temperature under the glass ranged between 41° and
45° F. Some minute particles of ice on one occasion had first been placed
upon the upper surface of the leaves, and on a later one some mhate
drops of water. Twenty-four hours after the
examination showed that wherever a minute drop of water had eee
whether formed by melting of the ie of ice or not—a diseased as
appeared, showing all the mi istics of true ‘spot,’ but
wherever the leaf remained dry no er damage was observed. These spots
were examined at intervals, and within four days every phase of the disease
was observed. Additional experiments showed that a fall of at least 9° F.
from the previous average was required to induce the formation of ‘spot,’
and consequently that plants previously grown in a high temperature were the

20 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

most susceptible. One other cause of irregularity in the appearance of the
spots proved to be the relative amount of moisture in the plants, those
saturated with water being much more readily affected than those compara-
tively dry. These results were corroborated in the garden, both with the
Habenaria in question, and with some species of Satyrium, which became
affected with ‘spot’ when a spell of cold weather succeeded the excessively
hot weather of the early summer.

The disease first appears in the form of minute pale spots on the upper
surface of the leaf, sometimes few and scattered, at others more numerous.
At first they are not conspicuous, and likely to escape observation unless
specially looked for, but they soon assume a pale brown colour, and gradually
increase in size, sometimes becoming confluent. The tissues are completely
disorganised, and owing to the collapse of diseased cells beneath the
epidermis the surface of the spot becomes somewhat depressed.

Mr. Massee’s summary is practically as follows :—The Orchid disease
known as ‘spot’ is of non-parasitic origin, the initial cause being the
presence of minute drops of water on the surface of the leaves at a time
when the temp is ptionally low and the roots copiously supplied
with water. The effect of the chill produced by the drops of water under the
above conditions is to cause disorganisation of the cells of the leaf under-
lying the drops, and the di Pp of the chlorophyll, which is followed
by the precipitation of tannin and other substances, forming a globular sphere
in each cell, and eventually the complete disintegration of the cells. It is
mainly caused by the three following conditions :—(1) too high a tempera-
ture, (2) too much water and not sufficient air in contact with the roots,
and (3) watering or spraying with a falling instead of a rising temperature.
The plate shows the appearance of the diseased tissues, and the spheres
within the cells which were at first mistaken for the vegetative phase of a
species of Plasmodiophora.

Thus it would appear that the malady is of a totally different nature to
the Vanilla disease (Supra., III., page 51), which is a true parasitic fungus.
On the diseased tissue known as “ spot,’ a saprophytic fungus is ti
found, but as it is incapable of obtaining a footing on a healthy leaf it
can do no harm.

The moral of the above will be obvious to everyone, and Orchid growers
will be grateful to Mr. Massee for the light he has thrown on this much-
debated question. It makes all the difference to know whether we have an
infectious disease to deal with, or whether it is only a question of maintaining
a healthy atmosphere by careful stoking, ventilating, watering, and damping
down, especially in the early part of the year. A point now remaining to
be settled is whether all the spot-like diseases of Orchids can be assigned
to the same cause,

!

THE ORCHID REVIEW. ai

NOVELTIES.

DENDROBIUM CURVIFLORUM, Rolfe.—A species belonging to the section
Aporum, with unusually large flowers, which flowered with Mr. J. O’Brien
in October, 1892. The flowers are white, with a faint suffusion of pink
on the back of the sepals, and a yellow line down the centre of the lip,
terminating in a deeper blotch in front. They measure 1} inches long.
It is believed to be a native of Sikkim.—Kew Buill., 1895, p. 281.

CIRRHOPETALUM compacTuM, Rolfe.—A small species with pale straw-
coloured flowers, which bloomed at Kew in September last. It was found
at Panga, in Tenasserim, and was sent by Mr. C. Curtis, of the Forest
Department, Penang.—Kew Bull., 1895, p. 281.

Trias viTrina, Rolfe.—An interesting addition to this singular little
genus, whose history is identical with the preceding. The sepals are of a very
pale shining green—in allusion to which the name is given—and the
petals and lip are marked with reddish brown.—Kew Buill., 1895, p. 282.

Ca@ LoGyNE VEITCHII, Rolfe.—A native of Western New Guinea, intro-
duced by Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, through their collector, Burke.
It received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society
in August last. The flowers are pure white, without any markings, and are
borne in long pendulous racemes.—Kew Bull., 1895, p. 282.

Porystacuya Kirkul, Rolfe.—A distinct little plant sent from the Mombasa
district by Sir John Kirk. It flowered at Kew in June, 1894, and during
the present year. It is allied to P. Lawrenceana, Kranzl., and bears a whitish
green flower whose lip is margined with light purple.—Kew Bull., 1895,
p- 282.

LUEDDEMANNIA TRILOBA, Rolfe.—A fine species of this kable genus,
which flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., in July last,
and again in November, on the latter occasion receiving a First-class
Certificate. The flowers are deep yellow, with some reddish brown markings
at the base of the lip, and a light suffusion of reddish purple on the sepals.
It was sent from the Andes by Mr. F. C. Lehmann, and differs from the
two previously known in the details of the lip.—Kew Buill., 1895, p. 283 ;
Gard. Chron., 1895, ii. p. 713, fig. 118.

CaTasETUM uNcATUM, Rolfe.—A species introduced with Cattleya labiata,
from Pernambuco, which has flowered in several collections. It is allied to
C. albovirens, Rodr., and has bright green flowers, the lip being galeate and
half-as long as the sepals and petals, and the apex curved. Both sexes have
appeared with Messrs. F. Sander & Co.—Kew Bull., 1895, p. 283.

CATASETUM APERTUM, Rolfe.—A species allied to the Ecuadorean C.
macroglossum, Rchb. f., which flowered in the collection of Sir Charles

Strickland, Bart., Hildenley, Malton, in September, 1894, and againa year

22 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

later. The sepals and petals are light apple-green with a few minute brown
spots, and the lip yellowish green, densely spotted and suffused with warm
shining brown. Habitat not known.—Kew Bull., 1895, p. 284.

SCELOCHILUS CARINATUS, Rolfe.—An interesting little plant, introduced
from the Andes by Mr. F. C. Lehmann, and flowered in the collection
of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., in September last. The sepals are light
yellow, the petals maroon purple with a white margin, and the lip whitish
with maroon-purple blotch at the base of the reflexed limb.—Kew Bull.,
1895, p- 284.

SACCOLABIUM HAINANENSE, Rolfe.—Closely allied to the Himalayan S.
gemmatum, Lindl., but with broader flat leaves. It was introduced from
Hainan bythe Rev. B. C. Henry, and was sent from the Hongkong Botanic
Garden to Kew, where it floweredin March last. The petalsand dorsal sepal
are lilac-purple, and the rest of the flower white.—Kew Bull., 1895, p. 284-

eH sd a

CULTIVATION OF ODONTOGLOSSUMS.

Mucu has been said with regard to the cultivation of Od gl
crispum and its varieties ; and perhaps a few notes will be acceptable, as
to my practice at Arddarroch. We received an importation of 4,000 plants
of O. crispum here in April, 1894, and most of them were potted up in a
mixture of polypodium-fibre and sphagnum moss in equal proportions, the
material being chopped up with a chaff-cutting machine. The larger plants
were put into as small pots as convenient for the size of the plants, and the
smaller ones placed ina bed of the same material. They were placed ina
house facing north and south, the former being placed on an open stage,
well up to the glass, which I find a great advantage to all Orchids, especially
Odontoglossums. At first they were watered very sparingly, only receiving
a thorough soaking once in four weeks, but were syringed over-head on fine
days until the pots were filled with roots ; afterwards only receiving water
when thoroughly dry. Under this treatment I find they thrive satisfactorily.
As regards the potting of established plants, I do not bind myself to any
hard and fast rule. I like to pot a plant when it needs potting, but just
after it commences to grow; as it is then sending forth its new roots.
September and October I find the most suitable months for this operation,
as it isthen when most of the plants are starting to grow, and they then
have time to establish th before the hot pp I do not believe
in potting Odontoglossums in spring, for I find that disturbing them at the
roots at that time of the year is hurtful to the plants, as they have no time
to get re-established before the hot weather sets in. The material I find
best for established plants is good peat and sphagnum moss in equal pro-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23

portions, mixed in the above way. Polypodium fibre is all very well for
imported plants, but for established plants I perfer good peat.

After being potted they are very carefully watered; giving them a
thorough good soaking, and no more until quite dry. I find over-watering
very injurious to these plants, especially after potting, and during the winter
months, when, the outside atmosphere being damp, they do not dry up the
same as in summer time, when more air and light is. given. At that time
they need a good supply at the roots, and a thorough good soaking is given
on each occasion. Feeding with manure is a thing I do not practice, as I
have found it no advantage.

Damping down is done very carefully, and during the winter months it
is ceased altogether ; as I find the watering of the plants gives sufficient

ist il watering time comes round again, which is in about four or five
days. During the summer time they get a thorough damping down each
morning, except on wet days when the outside air is charged with moisture,
and on hot days they are doused over-head about two p.m. with “ Stott’s
fertilizing sprayer,” which I find a very useful thing in Orchid houses.

I give plenty of air, both top and bottom, during the summer,
both night and day, and in winter our bottom ventilators are seldom
closed, except in severe weather, when the cold wind is blowing
strong, and on a very mild day the top ones are open too. I find Odonto-
glossums enjoy plenty of air.

In regard to shading, we use the ordinary tiffany blinds on rollers. We
commence to shade about the middle of February, but as the season
advances the ordinary tiffany is not sufficient to keep the temperature down
on hot sunny days, and I like to put a good coating of white-wash on the
glass about the beginning of June, leaving the roller blinds up a little later
in the morning and drawing them up a little earlier in the afternoon. This
whitening is washed off again in September, after which the blinds give
sufficient shade until they are taken off at the end of October. As to the
lath blinds which are in use on the Continent and other places, I have not
given them sufficient trial to form any definite opinion; having only tried
them at the end of last season. I think, however, that they will prove to be
a great acquisition.

As regards temperature, I try in summertime to keep as near to 60° Fahr.
as possible in the day-time, allowing it at night to fall to 55°, but in winter-
time 55° by day, and 50°, at night, excepting on severe nights, when I do
not mind it falling down to 45°, providing the atmosphere is kept dry.

Odontoglossums are subject to a good many pests, the worst being
yellow thrip ; but I have no difficulty in keeping it down by the frequent
use of ‘‘ Campbell’s fumigators,” which I have used for the last three years.
For the last two years we have not had a single thrip on any of our plants,

24 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of which we grow about 20,000, but before using “ Campbell ” they gave great
trouble. I have often seen another pest in the form of a fungus, which
attacks the under part of the leaves and turns them yellow, but the frequent
use of “‘ Veitch’s Chelsea blight,” applied with a sponge, keeps it down.

A mixture of soot and lime thrown about the house once a month, |
have proved a great help.

Failure in the growing of Odontoglossums in my opinion is due to over-
watering, too much moisture in the atmosphere during cold weather, and
not sufficient shading in summer.

G. RopertTs.
Arddarroch, Gareloch Head, N.B.

apes

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JANUARY.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.
WE have now entered upon another year, and let us hope a most successful
one to Orchid cultivators, to the Orchid Review, to importers and collectors,
and, in fact, to all interested in the Orchid world. f

The temperatures should be allowed to remain as advised for last. month,
namely :—

THE Coot HousE.—Day, with sun, 60°; without sun, 50° to 55°; night,
50°; morning, 45° to 50°.

THE INTERMEDIATE Houses.—Day, with sun, 65° to 70°; without sun,
60°; night, 58° to 60°; morning, 55° to 58°.

THe Warm House.—Day, with sun, 70° to 75°; without sun, 65° to 70°;
night, 60° to 65°; morning, 60°,

Attend well to the atmospheric conditions of each department, as it is @
most important matter, especially at this time of year, when the outside
conditions are often so variable. Observe that the degree of warmth
indicated above is maintained as nearly as possible, and use these figures
as.a guide. It is not possible, of course, to always do so exactly, nor is it
absolutely necessary. The thermometer will fluctuate a few degrees, higher
or lower, and this will do no harm ; in fact, it occurs in a state of nature.

Do not let the atmosphere become too moist or stagnant, and, on the
other hand, avoid excessive drought. When much fire heat is required,
the air, and the plants also, are apt to become too dry if not watched, and
the tendency counteracted by a judicious application of water to the roots
and about the house. Generally speaking, once a day will suffice for
damping down this month, but on certain mild damp days it will be better
not to do so at all. Where the hygrometer is in use it should show from
one to two degrees of evaporation in the coolest houses before damping the
paths, and in the other departments two or three degrees.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 25

Let it be borne in mind that spot, rot, and other forms of decay are
likely to supervene if the conditions are too wet, and at the same time
cold, therefore avoid such conditions if possible. I use the latter phrase
advisedly, for well do I know that in spite of the utmost endeavours of the
most painstaking persons, it is not always possible to steer quite clear of
those unsuitable conditions which favour the development of disease in
some form or another. There are many details in management which may
appear to be trifling matters, but which, notwithstanding, claim the
attention of the most careful culvators, and often, too, at hours when most
of the world is asleep. It is a great thing to know the exact cause of spot,
and the conditions which induce it, but it is no easy matter to escape it
altogether. The best safeguards are to have houses built and heated on
the most approved principles, coupled with strict and never-failing attention.
Drip from the roof, sudden falls of temperature, and water on the leaves in
cold weather must be studiously avoided.

The question regarding ventilation at this season is rather a delicate
one, which must not be spoken of at random. Everything will depend
upon the structure of the house. It can safely be said that if there are
spaces through which the air can pass, through the over-lapping glass not
fitting closely, or by any other means, the ventilators will scarcely be in
request this month ; in fact there is a likelihood at times of having too
much air without them. If, on the other hand, the houses are closely built,
it is frequently advantageous to admit air through the bottom ventilators,
in a larger or smaller volume according to the mildness of the weather.
The top ventilators should also be used in the Cool house on the leeward
side when the outside temperature is not below 45°, maintaining warmth in
the pipes to temper the fresh air and to produce a better circulation. Fresh
air is the life and soul of these plants, but be careful just now, especially
when leaving for the night, for the weather is apt to change suddenly before
morning—and it is better not to have too much even of a good thing.

At this season we may perhaps just review the successes and failures ot
the year just passed. Each year has its lessons, and something will have
been learnt and added to our experience. I can safely say that I have had
another proof of the truth of the old saying that we should leave well alone.
It came about by removing our Phalznopses from their accustomed place,
but the result was not satisfactory, and they are now re-instated in their
little hot, span-roofed house. The same thing is now unavoidably
happening to the Barkerias, which, owing to building operations, were
removed from their sunny position in a lean-to, and their appearance is not
so smart as formerly. Barkerias will only grow well when suspended fully
exposed to the sun and syringed copiously when growing, but at this resting
season they should be kept very dry. We never could get Miltonia spectab-

26 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ilis and M. s. Moreliana to grow freely and look happy until they were
transferred to the East Indian house, which proves to be the best place for
them. We have still many conquests to make. For example, Oncidium
Phalznopsis—a sweetly neat and pretty species—does not grow well, and if
any kind friend would say how to succeed with it, he would not only have
my best thanks, but I believe of many other readers of the Orchid Review
likewise. It happens sometimes that the proper cultivation of a certain
species is discovered more by accident than design. Ifa plant which has
proved difficult to cultivate should suddenly improve, the differences
between the old and the new treatment should be noted, and further experi-
ments followed. A few, or more, plants in delicate health are to be found
in every collection, and the cause often is that some simple want is either
not understood or not attended to. If the former, the best method is to
find out, if possible, the right place and the proper treatment for such
plants, and then they may recover and grow strong. Proofs are not
wanting that the simple open woodwork staging is to be preferred to that

which is closely constructed, and the air thus prevented from circulating —

freely between and round the plants. Of course, with open stages a little
more time is spent in damping down, and the plants also dry more quickly,
but I think most growers will agree with me that an Orchid, to grow well,
must necessarily dry quickly.

The chief work this month will be to keep the plants healthy, by giving
them as much light as possible, by keeping the temp and atmosphere
as genial and pure as circumstances will admit, and by paying great

attention to cleanliness, and freeing the plants from the numerous pests t0 _

which they are liable. In other words, I may say the best work to do is to
maintain intact the vigour which the plants already possess, and be content.
We must not expect free growth in these short dark days when the internal
atmosphere, do what we will, is more or less vitiated, and it is a great

mistake to try to force it, either byrepotting or an over exciting temperature —

Many Orchids should now be at rest.

Speaking of repotting, there are a few which may now be proceeded —

with. The first are the Pleiones, which have passed out ofbloom. These
should never go longer than two years without being done. They may be
grown in pots, or suspended in shallow pans, but success is most likely ©
be attained with the latter, as Pleiones are very partial to an abundance of
light. Employ a mixture of chopped sphagnum moss and peat, well mixed
in equal proportions, and add a little loam and silver sand. In this compost
plant the bulbs—taking great care not to injure the new roots—leaving:

about an inch space between each bulb, and securing them in thet
position firmly by means of small pegs. When finished the bulbs should b@

half below and half above the compost. The receptacles should be crocke®

a

aa

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 27

with clean broken pets, so as to leave room for about two inches of compost,
which is sufficient. Do not over water, but keep the compost just moist
only, and give them an i di E

There will also be a few of the Cypripediums which may be repotted or
top-dressed as the case may demand. I refer to the late autumn and
winter flowering kinds which have passed out of bloom. The compost
recommended above for Pleiones is also most suitable for these. Cypri-
pediums should be repotted once in two or three years, or oftener, supposing
they become pot-bound. The pots—and nothing is better—must not be too
large, but just a reasonable size in proportion to the size of the plants.
They must be quite clean, and crocked to one-half their depth with clean
drainage. If the pots are large they are better crocked higher in proportion,
Always place a layer of clean sphagnum over the drainage before filling in
with the compost, which should be pressed in moderately firm, without
breaking the roots, finally leaving the surface even and slightly raised above
the rim of the pot. Should the plant then be in the least unsteady it should
be firmly supported with neat sticks, otherwise the roots are prevented from
taking a grip of the new material. Keep the compost just moist only until
the new roots are showing activity.

Masdevallias may also be repotted now. This is one of the best times,
as a new batch of roots are pushing forth, which will delight in new
compost, and the plants will soon become re-established. Peat and
sphagnum moss in equal proportions suit them best. See that they are
made quite steady, and water very carefully for a time. Cold and a
damp atmosphere produces black marks on the leaves, which is most
unsightly, and spoils the handsome foliage. A temperature ranging between
50° and 60° is best, it should not fall below 50° if possible.

Repotting Orchids, as is well known, cannot be done with impunity, as
when done it must be done thoroughly, whereby every root is disturbed,
and this, as may be expected, always gives a check to growth for a longer or
shorter period; the former if performed at the wrong time, and the latter if
at the right, which in most cases is when the plant is finished blooming,
and again commences to grow. Therefore it is a matter of great importance
to catch each plant at the right time. Top-dressing, however, is quite
different in this respect, as it is not in the least necessary to disturb the
roots by so doing. All that is required is to carefully prick off the old
‘surface, andreplace with clean and fresh material, which not only gives a
much smarter appearance, but is very beneficial, as the sweet compost about
the roots seems to impart renewed vigour. Such plants as will not need
repotting during the coming season may accordingly be top-dressed at the
earliest i PP ity, which will save a good deal of time later
on, when there is less to spare. Odontoglossums and Oncidiums may be

28 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
done, likewise Aérides, Vandas, S labi Phal I and some —
others. }

Disas having been watered very sparingly during the winter, and
occupying a Cool house averaging about 50°, and a position near a
ventilator so as to receive an abundance of air, will now commence to shew —
signs of growing more freely. Still continue to keep them moderately —
moist only at the roots, until the days lengthen and more air can be given,
when water must be applied in larger quantities. The best time to repot
Disas is immediately after they have passed out of bloom in August. The
compost should be sandy peat surfaced with sphagnum moss.

The flower sheaths of some Cattleyas will occasionally lose their green- —
ness and become quite dry long ere the flower spike is due. This fact often
occasions uneasiness on the part of the cultivator, who imagines that the
flower spike is already doomed, or will be unable to push itself up when the
time comes round. No fear, however, need be entertained in that direction,
as the spike, if the sheath is not interfered with, will come just the same.
Should the fleshy sheath, however, turn pulpy just at the time the flower
spike is pushing up, then it is better to cut off its top, so as to admit the
air to the young tender flower buds, otherwise they sometimes decay. j

I am extremely sorry to learn from several quarters that the Cattleya
fly is still plentiful. So far as I am aware it is quite useless to fumigate
with a view of killing it. I have heard of a house of Cattleyas being fumi-
gated every night with tobacco paper for twelve months, which had not the
slightest effect upon the fly. I have often wondered how the Cattleyas
looked at the expiration of the twelve months. Possibly the new “XL All 1
fumigating insecticide ” might kill them, but I strongly suspect that they —
are too securely hidden away from its fumes. There would be no harm in
trying it at intervals, and especially so with newly-imported specimens, for
then, before they are potted, the fumes could thoroughly penetrate the mass
and possibly have the desired effect. Having no fly here to deal with, I
have had no occasion to try the above method. The only way that I know
at present of stamping out this much-to-be-dreaded pest is by destroying
its larve, and for the benefit of new subscribers I may here repeat previous
instructions.

Its existence may be detected when the young break or growth is about
an inch high, as it becomes abnormally thick at the base and tapers some-
what more to a point than usual, the growth afterwards making but little
Progress. When such growths are observed they should be cut off, and, —
ten to one, in its centre the young grub will be found in a more or less
advanced stage. If destroyed in this way an effectual check to theif
breeding is attained, and much harm to the plants prevented. Should an
infested growth be overlooked, and the insect come to maturity, a great

}

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 29

amount of damage will be done for another year. When buying newly
imported Cattleyas look well into them and search for imperfect pseudo-
bulbs and examine them closely to see if the fly has been the cause of the
mischief, and if so, a hole will be found somewhere near the base of the
crippled growth, from whence the fly escaped on reaching maturity. It
does not follow that the plant is still affected, but it is probably so, and
should be kept under strict surveillance.

oe

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

BARTHOLINA PECTINATA, R. Br.—Bot. Mag., t. 7450.

CaTASETUM CHRISTYANUM, Rchb. f.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 23, pp. 617, 618,
fig. 104.

CATTLEYA X MANTINI.—Journ. of Hort., Nov. 28, p. 503, fig. 76.

CYMBIDIUM LONGIFOLIUM.—Gard. Mag., Dec. 7, p. 783, with fig.

CypRIPEDIUM X MARCHIONESS OF SALISBURY.—Journ. of Hort., Dec. 5,
P- 527; fig. 79.

DENDROBIUM TREACHERIANUM, Rchb. f.—Journ. of Hort., Dec. 19, p.
571, fig. 87. :

LUEDDEMANNIA TRILOBA, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., Dec. 14, p. 713, fig. 118.

MILTONIA VEXILLARIA.—Gard. Chron., Dec. 21, p. 743, fig. 125.

SELENIPEDIUM X DaLLEANuM, André.—Rev. Hort., Dec., p. 548, fig.
180, and plate.

TRICHOPILIA BREVIS, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 30, p. 641, fig. 105.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

At the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting at the Drill Hall, James
Street, Westminster, on November 26th last, Orchids were exhibited in
rather smaller numbers than usual, though several interesting things were
shown.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), received an Award of Merit for the fine hybrid Cypripedium x
platycolor, raised from C. concolor and C. Stonei platytenium. It bore an
inflorescence of three flowers and one bud, cream white flushed with rose,
and with numerous minute purple dots on the sepals and petals. He also
received a Botanical Certificate for Arundina chinensis (A. Philippii).

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
received an Award of Merit for a fine variety of Cattleya Dowiana called
marantina, in which the petals were a good deal marbled with rose, and the

38 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

sepals somewhat suffused with a coppery tint. He also sent Cypripedium
X plumosum (C. barbatum xX C. x cenanthum superbum).

G. E, Palmer, Esq., Springfield, Trowbridge (gr. Mr. Richman), received
an Award of Merit for the pretty hybrid Cypripedium x Madeline, (C.
bellatulum x C. Argus), with yellowish white flowers tinged with lilac and |
spotted with purple. He also sent C. x Seegerianum, C. x Dibdin, and
others.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, received an |
Award of Merit for Masdevallia Chimera aurea a form with large patches —
of yellow on the lateral sepals, and a Botanical Certificate for a fine form of |
Calanthe versicolor, Lindl. He also sent Odontoglossum prestans and the ©
fine yellow Phaius Blumei Bernaysii. :

S. Clark, Esq., Oak Alyn, Wrexham, sent a fine form of Cattleya”
Trianz, with crimson feathered mark on the petals.

The Marchioness of Londonderry, Plas Court, N. Wales (gr. Mr. |
Gribble), sent Lelia anceps. |

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan), showed
Cypripedium x warnhamense. /

T. W. Swinburne, Esq., Corndean Hall, Winct be, sent Cypripedium
x Wallaertianum (C. x Harrisianum x C. villosum).

J. W. Temple, Esq., Leyswood, Groombridge (gr. Mr. Bristowe), sent 4
pretty hybrid Cattleya called C. x Miss Williams (C. Harrisoniana X C.
Gaskelliana), with rosy lilac flower and a crimson blotch on the lip; alsoa
fine form of Cattleya labiata. :

Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), sent fine cut
spikes of Barkeria Lindleyana and Lelio-cattleya x William Murray.

Messrs. Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited Epidendrum x Wallisio-
ciliare, together with its two parents, E, ciliare ¢ and E. Wallisii 3, the
hybrid obtaining an Award of Merit. They also received a Botanical
Certificate for the singular but brilliantly-coloured Dendrobium subclausum, |
Rolfe. .

Messrs. F, Sander & Co., St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal
for a fine group, including a fine series of hybrid Calanthes, as C. X bella,
C. x Bryan,C. x Olive, C. x Florence, C. x Harold, and C. x William
Murray. Also the handsome Pescatorea Lehmanni, P. Klabochorum,
Bollea Schroederiana, ganisia ionoptera, Brassia Lewisii, Miltonia
Schreederiana, Odontogl bict album, Sophronitis grandi- —
flora, Lelia autumnalis alba, Habenaria Susanne, Aonia polystachya
Dendrobium x Leeanum, Bulbophyllum crassipes, some fine hybri¢ —
Cypripediums, Phaio-calanthe x Arnoldiana, and P.-c. x Berryana, the@
latter an interesting hybrid derived from Phaius Humblotii ¢ and Calanthe
Masuca ¢\, with bright rose-coloured flowers intermediate in shape. i

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 31

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, sent several interesting
plants, including the rare and handsome Oncidium x hematochilum,
Phal is X int dia Portei, some hybrid Cypripediums, &c.

Messrs. Linden, L*Horticul I ionale, Brussels, showed
Cattleya maxima, and the handsome Catasetum x splendens imperiale, a
First-class Certificate being awarded to the latter.

The last meeting of the year was held on December roth, when a good
number of interesting exhibits were staged.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White),
sent a fine specimen of the rare Dendrobium Treacheri bearing three
racemes and twenty-three flowers, to which both a First-class Certificate
and a Cultural Commendation were given. A noble specimen of Angraecum
pertusum, with eighteen racemes, also received both a Botanical Certificate
and a Cultural C dati Ilia macrura also received an
Award of Merit, while Mormodes I and Masdevallia pachyura
both gained Botanical Certificates. Other exhibits were Bulbophyllum

difl drobium Coelogyne and Lelia rubescens, with its white

variety.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent a
very fine collection of cut Cypripediums, representing sixty different kinds, _
to which a Silver Banksian Medal was awarded. Among the more striking
ones were C. insigne Sandere, and C. i. Sanderiana, C. x T. B. Haywood,
and a fine variety of the same, C. x Arthurianum, C. xX Mrs. Canham,
&c. The rare Coelogyne Arthuriana was also sent.

J. T. Bennett-Poe, Esq., Holmewood, Cheshunt, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a very pretty group, including a number of beautiful
Calanthes, a very fine form of Lycaste Skinneri, a form of Lelia autumnalis
with white side lobes to the lip, and a fine plant of Vanda ccerulea with
richly-coloured flowers, to which latter a Cultural Commendation was
awarded.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., exhibited a fine form of Oncidium tigrinum,
to which an Award of Merit was given.

G. S. Ball, Esq., sent a particularly good Cattleya labiata alba, Cypri-
pedium insigne Sanderze, and another charming yellow form, with traces of
purple spots on the dorsal sepal, called C. i. Ballianum.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin. sent Oncidium
pictum.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, sent Lelio-cattleya x
Tresederiana, a good form of L.-c. X elegans, and several fine Cypri-
pediums, including C. x Leeanum superbum, C. xX L. giganteum, C. x
plumosum, C. x Niobe, C. x Ariadne, &c.

T. W. Swinburne, Esq., Corndean Hall, Winchcombe, sent a pretty

32 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

little group of Cypripediums, including C. xX Swinburnei, C. x S. :
magnificum, C. Spicerianum with ten flowers, fine forms of C. insigne and
C. x Leeanum, C. x Indra, and C. x Lady Hutt.

H. Tate, Esq., Allerton Beeches, Liverpool, again sent the remarkable
form of Cypripedium insigne in which the upper and lower sepals are alike
in size and colouring. It appeared in one of Messrs. Sander’s importations
in 1892, and is evidently permanent.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg),
sent Oncidinm pretextum, Lzlia rubescens, and Cypripedium Charles-
worthii with curiously twisted sepals.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a choice group, to which —
a Silver Flora Medal was given. It included Cymbidium Traceyanum, —
Lzlio-cattleya x Pallas, L.-c. x Lady Rothschild, a fine hybrid from
Lelia Perrinii 2 and Cattleya Warscewiczii 3, the pure white Calanthe X
Harrisii, raised from C. vestita Turneri and C. x Veitchii, and others.
The two latter hybrids each received an Award of Merit. ’

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal
for a good group, including a number of fine Calanthes and Cypripediums,
Odontoglossum nevadense, O. X Wilckeanum, O. Xx aspersum, Helcia
sanguinolenta, Phaio-calanthe x Arnoldiana, and others. z

Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, received an Award of Merit for 2
a fine hybrid Cypripedium called C. x Ashtoni, derived from C. ciliolare
2 and C. x selligerum majus 3.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, sent a good group, including —
Cycnoches chlorochilon, two good forms of Cymbidium giganteum, and
others.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, included a good group :
of Cypripediums, in which C. x Pitcherianum and others were conspicuous: —

+

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

W. E. L., Wimbledon. The small pale form of Sophronitis grandiflora is probably”
undeveloped, especially being the first bloom on an imported plant. Next year it may be
different. Lelia prestans, and not absolutely synonymous with L. pumila, though closely |
allied. Eulophia pulchra. Dendrobium linguiforme is an Australian species with small
white flowers, which should be grown on a block and treated like other Australian species:
Od i H Hi , small. E
Cypripedium Victoria-Mariz. :
G: H., California. There seems no reason to suppose that Cypripedium Stonei es
teenium is a natural hybrid. It is probably an abnormal peloriate condition of the species
though it seems difficult to explain the cause of the peculiarity. On one occasion one ‘
of a flower reverted back to the normal form.
W. J. R., Maghull, Many thanks.

A. M. B., N. Devon.

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Contents.
PAGE
Notes... ee se see erp 2) |The Cattleya Fly
Angrecum bistortum ... ot ea | Cultivation of Cypripedium bela
Dies Orchidianz . AO. | and its allies
Cypripediums with donee names ... 37 | Orchids of 1895 :
ium * siamerse Kes a Epiphronitis x Veitchi_ S

" a: aes Lelio-cattleya X Ingramii (Bie: ry
3 Laliozatteya x f Ghee afr Lelia anceps and its varieties ...

ium * i gee var. Young

An ‘Amateur’s Notes
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wat ORCHID REVIEW.

VoL. IV.] FEBRUARY, 1896. [No. 38.

NOTES.

THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on February rrth, when the Orchid
Committee will meet at the usual hour of twelve o'clock, noon. The Annual
General Meeting of the Society is held at 3 p.m., at 117 Victoria Street, for
the election of Council, Officers, Fellows, &c.

With the hope of encouraging individual effort and original research, the
Council of the R.H.S. offer medals, silver or silver gilt, according to merit,
for the porbhes (amongst others) :—

(1 he best introduced Orchid not previously shown at “ed of the
Society’s eben os Two classes—one for Amateurs, the other Open.

(2) The best hybrid Orchid, raised and shown by an Amateur, with
record of parentage, &c., not previously shown at any of the Society’s
meetings.—A mateurs.

(3) The best Orchid raised in this country, with record of ase
&c., not previously shown at any of the Society’s meetings. —Ope

The above Special Prizes may be competed for at any meeting of the
Society in 1896, except at the Temple and Crystal Palace Shows. The
judging will be by points which will be duly kept and recorded, and the
winner will be announced at the end of the season. All entries for the above
must be made before 11.30 a.m. on the morning of the show, on a Special
Form, which may be obtained of the Clerk at the table. As many details
as possible should be given about the exhibits.

A flower of the pretty little Soprolelia <x leta, which was described at
page 333 of our second volume, has been sent by Messrs. James Veitch &
Sons, It was derived from Lelia pumila Dayana @ and Sophronitis

34 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

grandiflora 3, and the flower is about intermediate between them, both i
shape and colour. A similar remark may be made about the plant itself,
according to a note from Mr. Seden, who, it is hardly necessary to add, is.
the raiser.

Flowers of the beautiful Dendrobium Xx euosmum virginale, and of
Cattleya X Pheidona are also enclosed, both of which have been previously
tecorded in these pages. The latter is the reverse cross of C. x Dominiana,
of which it may be considered a marked variety, differing in its beautifully
veined lip, in which respect it shows the influence of the pollen parent, C.
maxima.

A fine form of Odontoglossum crispum, sent by Messrs. Charlesworth
& Co., has very broad sepals and petals, which makes the flower almost a
complete circle. The petals are pure white, but the sepals and lip have a
few reddish purple blotches in the centre.

At a meeting of the Linnean Society, held on December 1gth, Mr. R. A. 3
Rolfe, A-L.S., gave an abstract of a paper entitled “A Revision of the genus
Vanilla,” in which fifty species were enumerated, seventeen being new, in- i
cluding five previously confused with older forms. They were described as
tall forest climbers, some of them leafless, generally of rather local distribu-
tion, though the genus was found almost throughout the tropics. Tropice
America could boast 29 species, against 11 in Asia, and ro in Africa. SIX
American species yield an aromatic fruit, and three are known in commerce,
though only the Mexican V. planifolia was largely cultivated as an economic —
plant. The author outlined the morphology and mode of fertilisation of the
genus, together with its affinities and geographical distribution. Some 3 7
the species were still imperfectly known, and it was even now uncertain
which was the Peruvian plant mentioned by Humboldt eighty years ago @
yielding aromatic fruits. The paper was illustrated by a series
drawings. a
= L

A beautiful form of Cattleya Trianz has been sent by John S. Moss, Esq.
of Bishops Waltham, the segments being broad and well shaped, and bee
colour bright rose-purple, with a darker front lobe to the lip, anda bright q
orange-yellow throat. It approaches the variety Atalanta. ¥

A leaf of Cypripedium x S$ dsiz, described at page 16, is now se08
from the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., and, as suspected, shows a distinct”
combination of the characters of C. venustum and C. purpuratum, te”
characteristic markings of the former being especially prominent on theme
upper surface, though somewhat modified by the influence of the other parents

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 35

A series of articles on “ Natural Hybrid Orchids,” by Mr. R. A. Rolfe,
is commenced in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for January 25th, from which it
appears that as long ago as 1878 Visiani had called attention to the probable
hybrid origin of Orchis x suaveolens, now known as Nigritella X suaveolens.
Phalznopsi int dia was the first recognised hybrid among tropical
Orchids, and Lindley correctly indicated its origin and parentage in 1853,
before any artificially raised hybrid had flowered.

Catasetum x splendens punctatissimum, described at page 85 of our
last volume, is characterised by having the petals densely covered with
minute reddish-brown dots on a yellowish ground. A similar form has
appeared in the establishment of Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea, except that the
minute dots extend round the limb of the galeate lip.

A good form of Cypripedium x Williamsi comes from the collection
of F. M. Burton, Esq., of Gainsborough. It is derived from C. villosum g
and C. venustum ¢, and was exhibited at a meeting of the R. H. S. on
February r2th, 1895, under the name of C. x refulgens (Gard. Chron.,
1895, i., p. 210). It most resembles the former parent. A second plant of
the same name is a synonym of C. x Adonis, and owing to the identity of
name the present one has also been confounded with this (Hansen Orch.
Hyb., p. 131).

A very curious flower of Cypripedium Boxallii from the collection of
Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, has almost all the usual
purple-brown absent from the lip, while the petals and dorsal sepal are
typical in colour. A good ordinary form is sent with it. Messrs. Hurst &
Son, Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley, also sends the latter, together with
a fine flower of C. B. atratum, in which the dorsal sepal is very large
and very richly coloured.

—++—
ANGRAECUM BISTORTUM.

A PLanr of this singular little species (supra I., p. 178) has appeared in the
collection of E. H. Woodall, Esq., of Scarborough. Mr. Woodall remarks
that it branches freely from the lower part of the stem, making quite a pretty
plant when in full flower. It is a native of Lagos, and originally flowered
at Kew in January, 1892. Its great peculiarity is the way the tip of the
spur usually remains tucked into the axil of the bract, thus compelling the
spur to double up into a loop as it elongates. This, however, is not
invariably the case, for if the spur frees itself it then becomes straight, and

the question is which is the normal condition.
R. A. R,

36 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.

AN interesting experiment is being made by the Royal Horticultural So
in offering a series of special prizes for new plants of 1896, “with the ho
of encouraging individual effort and original research.” Among oth
things, Medals are offered for the best introduced Orchid and for the b
home-raised seedling, both in open classes and in others limited to amateut
The competition will be of a novel character, as it is to extend throughou a
the year, with the exception of the Temple and Crystal Palace shows, and
“the judging is to be by points, which will be duly kept and recorded, a
the winners will be announced at the end of the season.” I also note tha
“‘as many details as possible should be given about the exhibits, as fulne

Le
the prizes if none of the exhibits are considered worthy of marked honour. p
The classes are not necessarily limited to novelties of 1896, as the only

I am rather interested in this novel competition, and shall keep ee eye
open for future developments. The word “ New,” for example, is mentioned
in the conditions, and it will be interesting to observe how the term i 4
defined. With respect to introduced Orchids, will it be limited to bona-fide
new species, or will varieties of well-known garden plants be also admitted ? ”
And in the latter case, especially, what steps will be taken to ensure that
they are really new? The point is an important one, judging by rea |
developments. With Tespect to hybrids, is the competition to be limited q
to bona-fide new crosses, or will varieties of existing hybrids be also eligible? E
To put it in another wa: , Is the competition still open to further cros se
between C. barbatum and C, bellatulum, which have already receiv
Certificates? The point is an important one. The rules drawn up by
Society’s Nomenclature Committee some few
some of these points, i

in accordance with these rules should be disqualified. I shall doubtl
tecur to this subject as occasion arises.

A correspondent again calls my attention to Cypripedium x Marchionsa :
of Salisbury, and as it has a distinct bearing on the above question I aa i
quote his remarks. “ How is it,” he asks, “ that the Orchid Commi

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37

should have recognised this name, and awarded a First-class Certificate,
when they changed the name of another plant of identical parentage from
C. X Météore to C. x Charles Richman before granting a similar award ?”
I am unable to answer this very pertinent question, but it is satisfactory to
note that others beside Argus have their eyes on this question.

Last month I called attention to some remarks of a correspondent of
the Garden, commending the principle of considering all hybrids from the
same two species as forms of one, and now the Gardeners’ Magazine also
endorses the same idea, remarking that it is a great pity that this system is
not generally followed in naming hybrid Orchids, instead of the many con-
fusing names given to the numerous seedlings produced from identical
parentage. And, by way of illustration, it alludes to Cypripedium x
Charles Richman, raised from C. barbatum and C. bellatulum, as having
been before the Orchid Committee on four different occasions, each time
under different names. The Orchid Review has adopted this view from the
outset, and with such a growing concensus of opinion in its favour, some
improvement must inevitably result.

CYPRIPEDIUMS WITH IDENTICAL NAMES.
(Continued from page 14.)

The name Juno occurs first as a species from the Philippine Islands
(R. H. Measures’ List, May, 1890), and again as a hybrid from C. Fairie-
anum ¢ and C. callosum ¢ ), according to the Royal Horticultural Society’s
List of Plants Certificated, but the reverse cross as given in the Orchid
Review (I., p. 327).

The name Kimballianum also appears both as a species and as a hybrid.
As a species it should be written C. prestans Kimballianum, but the prefix
is too frequently omitted. The hybrid is C. x Kimballianum, in all
probability derived from C. Rothschildianum ¢ and C. Dayanum ¢
(O.°R., ITT} p27).

W. R. Lee, Esq., showed C. X Leo at the Drill Hall, 16th January,
1894 (Gard. Chron:, 1894, i., p. 84), the parentage being doubtful, but
believed to be a cross between C. Spicerianum and C. villosum, while in a
Catalogue of Messrs. Protheroe & Morris, 24th September, 1895, C. xX Leo
is offered, with parentage C. x Wallaertianum ? X insigne Chantini 3.

Messrs. Sander used the name C. X Macfarlanei for their hybrid
derived from C. Xx calophyllum ¢ and C. Spicerianum 3 (O. R., L., p-
326), and Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co. named the cross from C. Lowii 2?
and C. I gC. X Macfarl but seeing the probability
of confusion by its similarity to the first-named, they promptly changed the .

38 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

name to C. xX Patersoni. Mons. A. de Lairesse, in his Catalogue, No. 4,
quotes C. X MacFarlanei as from C. callosum x Spicerianum.
C. X miniatum was the name given by M. Jules Hye to his pretty

hybrid C. Spicerianum ¢ x C. Fairieanum 3, the same parentage as __
C. Niobe (O. R., L., P- 371), and according to the Garden, 1gth January, -

1895, and the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1895, i. p. 199), Messrs. Sander have
given the same name to a hybrid from C. Curtisii ¢ and C. insigne ¢.

The parentage of C. x Northumbrian is recorded in the Orchid Review

(vol. I., p. 294) as C. calophyllum ¢ x insigne Maulei 3, and Messrs.

Charlesworth, in their 1895 Catalogue, mention C. x Northumbrian as a

from C, calophyllum ¢ and C. x Lathamianum ¢.

C. X Pheebe is the name chosen by T. Statter, Esq., for his hybrid —

from C. philippinense ¢ and C, bellatulum ¢ (O. R., III., p. 127), and

ey

Mons. A. de Lairesse in his Catalogue, No. 4, quotes C. x Phebe from C. j

calophyllum ¢ and C. x vexillarium ii

Two hybrid Cypripediums have been exhibited under the name of C. X
Roberti, one from C. hirsutissimum ? and C. villosum g, is C. X
Germinyanum (0. R., II., P- 93), the other from C. hirsutissimum ¢ and
C. insigne Wallacei é,isa variety of C. x Alcides (O. R., I1., p. 37a

C. X Sappho, from C. Lowii ¢ and C. barbatum ¢, is recorded as a —

Veitchian hybrid in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1895, i., p. 200), while Messrs.
Charlesworth, of Heaton, Bradford, have in their 1895 Catalogue C. X
Sappho from C. Lowii ¢ and C. superbiens ¢.

C. x Savageanum from C. x Harrisianum 9 and C. Spicerianum ¢
(O. R., I. p. 228), was raised by Messrs. Seeger & Tropp; but there is a
second C. x Savageanum recorded in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1895, is
P- 370), with parentage C. X cenanthum superbum ¢ X Spicerianum é-

C. X Sirius, from barbatum Crossii ? and C. Godefroye 3, was
exhibited by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, on the 13th December, 1894
(0. R., UL, p. 32), while another hybrid also bearing the name C. X
Sirius is recorded in the Gardeners Chronicle (1895, i., p. 200), with
parentage C. hirsutissi 2 X Spiceri 3.

The name Venus has been given to both a Cypripedium and a Seleni-
pedium. The former is C. x Venus from C. niveum. ¢ and C. insigne
Sandere 3, and appears in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1895, i., p. 200), the

latter S. x Venus from S. x albanense @ and S. Boissierianum ¢. This a

has been referred as a variety of S. x Brysa (O. R., iT., p. 77).

; A Cypripedium x Vesta front" Geese trareeinanis g and C. Spicer-
janum ¢, is recorded in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (xgth January, 1895), and
another shortly afterwards from C. Spicerianum ¢ and C. x plunerum
(1895, i., p. 201).

Cex Wendlandianum, from C. X cenanthum and C. venustum, —

oe

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 39

appears in a catalogue of Messrs. Sander & Co., and C. x Wendland-
ianum from C. X vernixium ¢ and C. xX Harrisianum 3, in one issued
by Messrs. Charlesworth.
REGINALD YOUNG,
_

CYPRIPEDIUM x SIAMENSE.
WE note with pleasure that the experiment suggested at page 18 of our last
issue, of proving the origin of this plant by crossing Cypripedium callosum
and C. Appletonianum together, has been made in the collection of Reginald
Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool, and we shall await the result with
great interest. Mr. Young, fortunately, had both species in flower, and at
once made the experiment.

a

THE HYBRIDIST.
L&LIO-CATTLEYA X GHISLAINLE.

A photograph and coloured sketch of a very pretty and most interesting
hybrid has been sent by M. A. Van Imschoot, of Mont-St.-Amand, Gand.
It was obtained by crossing Lelia harpophylla with the pollen of Cattleya
amethystoglossa, the seed being sown in 1889, producing a single plant
only, which has now flowered. It distinctly combines the characters of the
two parents, though the influence of the Lelia preponderates, especially in
the vegetative organs. The pseudobulbs are much stouter than in the
mother plant, and bear a single oblong leaf. The inflorescence at present
is two-flowered. The sepals and petals are linear-lanceolate in shape, and
cream-yellow in colour, with a few traces of minute rosy dots derived from
C. amethystoglossa. The side lobes of the lip are closely wrapped round
the column, and the front lobe spathulate-obovate, and veined with reddish-
crimson from near the apex down into the throat, the ground colour being
cream-yellow. The influence of the pollen parent is chiefly seen in the
modification of the various organs and in the colour of the flower. It is a
very promising thing, and will probably improve as the plant becomes
stronger.

CyYPRIPEDIUM X ORPHEUS VAR. YOUNGIANUM.

A fine flower of a hybrid Cypripedium derived from C. callosum ¢
and C. venustum g has been received from the collection of Reginald
Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool. It is the reverse cross of the one
called C. X Orpheus, which was raised by Messrs. Sander, but is
sufficiently distinct to deserve a varietal name. The dorsal sepal is broadly
ovate-orbicular, nearly two inches long, and with about 19 to 2r light green
nerves on a white ground. The petals are 2} inches long, nearly straight,

40 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

bright green near base, passing to reddish-purple towards the apex, str
ciliate, and with five wart-like spots on each upper margin and two or three
on the lower ones. The lip has almost the shape of C. venustum, and
bears a trace of the characteristic markings of that parent on a light purp
brown ground. The staminode is rather more like C. callosum.
influence of the pollen parent is strongly marked in the colour of the do
sepal, as well as in the shape of the lip.
LycasTE X SCHG@NBRUNNENSIS. ;
We have received a flower of a seedling Lycaste from the collection o
G. S. Ball, Esq., Earlscliff, Bowden, Cheshire, which is believed to havi
resulted from a cross between L. Skinneri and L. macrophylla Meas
lana. It is remarkably like L. x schcenbrunnensis, described at page 5
our first. volume, though it may not have arisen from the sam
parentage. The second parent of that is a little doubtful. It was at fi
thought to be L. gigantea, but failing to see evidence of this in the h
and thinking L. Schilleriana (which we have seen confused with it) n
likely, we suggested it as possibly the other parent. We should like to
able to compare the two hybrids again, for they certainly bear a §
deal of resemblance to each other, having the sepals and petals strong}
suffused with rose-pink, of a glaucous hue, and the lip covered with min

crimson dots. The above identification may be regarded as provisional
only,

——

CYPRIPEDIUM x ENFIELDENSE VAR. SUFFUSUM. ‘q

The original Cypripedium x enfieldense was raised in the collection
A. J. Hollington, Esq., of Enfield, by Mr. Ayling, from C. Lawrenceanum °
and C. Hookere g. The same cross was made in the collection of F:
Burton, Esq., of Gainsborough, and on flowering received the name
C. X suffusum. A flower has now been sent by Mr. Burton, which sh
that it chiefly differs from the original in having the dorsal sepal al
suffused throughout with reddish purple, and the petals more
approaching C. Hookere in shape and colour. Another of the see
also sent shows more of the influence of C. Lawrenceanum in the flo
and is nearer the original C. x enfieldense, thus showing that variat
which is so often observed among seedlings out of the same capsule.
leaves are very strongly tessellated, as in both parents, and all the f
are very handsome. The variety suffusum, however, is much more
coloured than the other, and thus deserves a varietal name by which
distinguish it. The scapes are rather tall, as in both parents. By
mistake the parentage of this plant was given at page 375 of our
volume as C. Lowii ¢ x C. Hookere ¢.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 4t

DENDROBIUMS FROM BURY.

A serIEs of beautiful Dendrobium flowers has been sent from the collection of
O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bury, to show the kinds now in bloom. They
include D. crassinode, D. Findlayanum, the handsome natural hybrid D.
crassinodi-Wardianum (also known as D. x melanopthalmum), seven
forms of D. nobile, and a very pretty seedling from the same whose history
is not stated, but which is apparently D. x Ainsworthii roseum. Among
the forms of D. nobile are several mentioned in the account given in our
last volume (pp. 147-150), together with one we do not remember to have
met with before, called D. n. Rajah. It is much like D. n. albiflorum
(supra, II., pp. 113, 115, fig. 12), but instead of the segments being
pure white they are lightly flushed with delicate pink, giving a very
pretty effect. The sepals and petals are slightly shorter and broader, but
the lip convolute in the same way.

A seedling Cypripedium, believed to be from C. x cenanthum and a
form of C. X Harrisianum—possibly Dauthieri—is also enclosed. _ It-is
evidently a form of C. x Creon, but less richly coloured, and at present
smaller, though possibly not yet fully developed.

A HYBRIDIST’S NOTES.
VITALITY OF POLLEN.

Ir is currently believed that Orchid pollen retains its vitality for a long
time after removal from the flower, but few actual experiments seem to be
on record.

With Lelias and Cattleyas I have had four pods of good seed from
pollen removed from the flowers two weeks and more previously—namely,
L. Perrinii X C. labiata, plus L.-c. elegans alba, 14 days; C. Gaskelliana x
intermedia, 17 days; C. Percivaliana x velutina, 18 days; L. purpurata x
C. intermedia, 30 days; L. grandis X C. intermedia, 33 days. At the same
time I have failed in thirty trials with pollen 15 to 30 days old; in twenty-
seven trials at 30 to 60 days; and fourteen trials 60 to 160 days.

Will not some of our expert hybridists give as many instances as possible
of good pods from pollen used three weeks or more after removal from the
flower, and let us know if any particular condition—as to dryness, darkness,
and ilation, or the rever seem to be of importance in keeping the
pollen alive. I have generally used paper packets, in a small tin box, and
found no advantage in enclosing the pollen in nearly air-tight gelatine
capsules till ready to use it.

PERIOD OF RIPENING OF SEED.

I note a great difference in the time required to ripen seed-pods, accord-

ing to the species of pollen made use of. It seems to tend towards a mean

42 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

between the normal ripening time of the two parents, as shown in the’
examples given below.

I cannot give the average time for each species with its own pollen, not
having experimented in this line sufficiently. The average given is that of
all my own crosses, and hence is apt to be too high for the quick-ripening |
kinds and too low for the slow ones; but it will illustrate the point made.
Only good pods have been idered—those ining at least some’
thousands of plump seeds.

The seed parent is given in the left-hand column, and the pollen parent
in the middle, each being followed by the average period of ripening of un-
crossed capsules (where this is known), stated in months. The right-hand
column shows the actual period of ripening of the hybridised capsules, in
some cases three examples being recorded : —

SEED PARENT. POLLEN PARENT. HYBRID CAPSULE.
C.Triane ... 11}m. C. amethystoglossa 44m. 8} m.

” 99 MalaDidtas-ser, ae 124m. -. 13} ms

had: 9 », Lueddemanniana... ? 14} m.

bee 6 », luteola ee te -@ TH: gi, 10, 105 Mm.
ey) 9 »» Percivaliana Be Lauti, 15 m.

A ieaney ” >», Schroederz... ve 14... 14m.

ae x » Walkeriana eee 11} m.

sie, a L. anceps... -. 5¢m. 74, gh, 9 m.

Sous a , », Dayana Peat I4 m.

» Percivaliana 13 m. » harpophylla + flava 7}m. 134m. .
” % a C. luteola < om 16, m

» + ~ ye bilan 4 2. -. 114m. 14}, 154, 170m
” as Sc +» velutina. —.., heed g} m.
9 s L. anceps... -. 5¢m. of} m.

The soonest maturing pods, so far, have been of Bletia verecunda X
Schomburgkia tibicinis, 7% weeks, and the same x L. purpurata, 6 weeks:
The former seed began to gerininate in considerable numbers, but was then
lost ; of the latter, I have one odd-looking plant—a tiny bulb growing out
of the top of another of equal size—the lower one bearing root-fibres and
the upper one a minute leaf. The seed was planted six months ago.

P
m SAD.
Oviedo, Florida; U.S.A., Aguiar 4
January 13th, 1896. q
[These remarks are very interesting, and we hope others will be induced

to send us their experiences. What is the real meaning of the variation in
the periods of ripening between crossed and uncrossed capsules seems at
present doubtful, and we only see three cases in which the period of ripe

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 43

ing of the latter is fairly midway between that of the two parents. These
are C. Triane crossed with amethystoglossa, with luteola, and with L.
anceps; and C. Percivaliana X L. anceps. In five others the period is
longer than that of either parent—in some considerably so—from which it
is evident that further observations are necessary. The four cases in which
the period of maturing of the pollen parent is unknown cannot be cited
either way. Further experiments might explain away some of these
apparent discrepancies. The seedling Bletia verecunda x Lelia
purpurata we shall hope to hear of again. We would suggest that a number
of flowers of some common species should be crossed with different things
at the same time, and the results recorded. We should be glad if Mr.
Mead will kindly explain the phrases “L. Perrinii x C. labiata plus L.-c.
elegans alba’ and “C. Triane x L. harpophylla + flava,” which we fail
to understand.—Ep. |
Breet ir es

NOVELTIES.

CIRRHOPETALUM ROTHSCHILDIANUM, O’Brien.—A very fine species which
was exhibited by the Hon. Walter Rothschild at a meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society, on October 15th last, and received a First-class Certifi-
cate- It is allied to C. ornatissimum and C. Collettii, but has larger
flowers with much longer tails, and the prevailing colour crimson-purple
with some yellow markings. _ It is believed to be a native of the hills beyond
Darjeeling.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 23, 1895, pp- 608, 609, fig. 102.

L&LIA X FINCKENIANA VAR. SCHR@:DER#&.—A beautiful variety, which
appeared in the collection of Baron Sir H. Schréder, the Dell, Egham, and
said to differ from the original type in having a few thin purple lines at the
base of the lip only, the rest of the flower being pure white.—O’Brien in
Gard. Chron., Dec. 28, p. 762.

EPIDENDRUM BaRBEYANUM, Kranzl.—A species bearing umbels of large
green flowers, nearly two inches in diameter, much like those of E. latilabre,
Lindl. It is a native of Costa Rica, and flowered in the collection of M.
W. Barbey, of Chambesy, Geneva.—Bull. Herb. Boiss. I11., p. 607.

R Inconspicua, Kranzl.—A Costa Rican plant, with very
small whitish flowers, which flowered in the same collection as the
preceding. The author refers Lindley’s Trichocentrum candidum to it as
a synonym, but it does not bear the slightest resemblance to it, either in
habit or character, that plant being a true Trichocentrum in every respect,
except that the spur is nearly obsolete——Bull. Herb. Boiss., I11., p. 630,
t. 18.

44 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE CATTLEYA FLY.

A SHORT time ago we received some pseudobulbs of Cattleya labiata from
a collection in North Devon, which were badly affected with the Cattleya
fly, and now others come from Tynemouth; also some of C. Triane. The
plants were purchased from comparatively recent importations, and it is
probable that the pest was thus introduced. Various measures have been
tried to exterminate the pest, such as regular weekly fumigations, washing
the plants with fir-tree oil, and cutting out and burning infected parts,
but without getting rid of it. The plants are otherwise healthy. It is
difficult to know what remedies to apply other than those already suggested
(supra, III., pp. 183, 215, and 288), and a better knowledge of the habits of
the insect would be useful. Smoking is manifestly useless, except when the
perfect insect comes out, for the larve are perfectly protected by the
enveloping tissues of the plant, and the same may be said for washing with
fir-tree oil. Slight fumigations will kill the perfect insect, and if the time
of its appearance were known these could be given nightly, if necessary,
during this period. Cutting off and burning the affected parts, but in some
cases this would mean mutilating the plant considerably. One young
pseudobulb sent, for example, shows no less than five small circular holes
where perfect insects have emerged, though otherwise there is very little to
show the presence of the enemy, and only a person who has had experience
of the insect would have previously’ detected it. Yet when the holes are
seen, the insect has gone, and is probably laying eggs elsewhere for a
renewal of the evil. Cutting off and burning this pseudobulb would have
done no good, for, on making sections, the cavities where the larve lived
are all found to be empty. On the other hand, the bulb and leaf, though
a little damaged, are still capable of carrying on the nutrition of the plant.
Another shows an external swelling, but no hole, and in this the white
larve are found within the cavity. In this case burning would have been
effectual. If such a swelling were punctured with an awl, and then a little
fir-tree oil injected by means of a sprayer, with a slender metal tube, which
could be inserted in the hole, the larve would be killed without sacrificing
the pseudobulb and leaf; but the question remains whether the presence of
the enemy could always be detected in time. It would appear that if the
eggs are laid in the very young growths they soon become swollen, and the
presence of the enemy is soon manifest ; but if the pseudobulb is already
well formed, the mischief is not so easily detected. The eggs are also laid
in the young roots, when a gall-like swelling quickly appears, which can be
cut off with comparatively little damage to the plant.

The insect is known as Isosoma Orchidearum, and we have collected

together what little information seems to be on

record respecting it for a
future note.

Meantime, we should be glad if those who are troubled with

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 45

it would relate their experience. It would be interesting to know in what
Way it most attacks the plants, what time the perfect insect emerges, if
more than one brood a year occurs, and especially any measures which
have been successful in stamping out this troublesome pest. A knowledge
of its habits would be of material service in battling with it.

CULTIVATION OF CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM AND
ITS ALLIES,

I po not think that any hard and fast rule can be laid down as to the best
way of growing Cypripedium bellatulum and kindred species, but as some-
one has been kind enough to say that I “grow bellatulum and its allies
teally well,” I will state as briefly as possible the course of treatment
adopted by my gardener, Mr. T. J. Poyntz. First, as to potting material.
a mixture of loam, nodules of limestone, and old mortar rubble is used,
peat and sphagnum moss being dispensed with altogether, which compost
seems to suit these plants admirably ; and as Cypripediums concolor,
Godefroy, and niveum are all reported as having been found on limestone
tocks, this treatment appears reasonable enough. With regard to watering,
Mr. Poyntz has recourse to dipping—that is, he dips the baskets and pots
in which the plants are growing, so that the water just comes up to the
base of the leaves, and this is only done occasionally, when the material
has become excessively dry. Water getting into the axils of the leaves is
so destructive to this particular class of Cypripedium that he abstains
entirely from watering overhead. I am aware that this method of supplying
them with water is not according to nature, as they could not be so
supplied in their native habitat, but there they are not covered with a glass
roof, and probably the sun and air soon dries up the moisture deposited on
the plants by rain showers.

Godefroyz, and niveum all do best with me in

concolor,
a stove Seragiieaters: on that side of the house away from the direct rays of
the sun ; and the way in which a plant of Cypripedium Godefroye has
flowered regularly with me since 1888, the way a Cypripedium concolor has
tecovered from almost death and become a sturdy plant, and the general
appearance of my Cypripedium niveums, all bear testimony to the efficacy
of this treatment. Cypripedium bellatulum does better with me ina
cooler house, the plants I tried in the stove having by no means the

vigorous appearance of those growing in an i
Ractkats YOUNG,

46 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS OF 1895.

A CONSIDERABLE number of novelties either flowered or were described for
the first time during 1895, both of species and hybrids, and if each succeed-
ing year diminishes the chances of discovering showy garden plants among
the former, this is fully counterbalanced by the steady progress attending
the efforts of the hybridist, whose achievements during recent years have
been remarkable in many respects.

Among introduced species we may commence with the remarkable
Bulbophyllum grandiflorum from New Guinea, long known to science,
which flowered for the first time in cultivation in March last, in the collec-
tion of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. Dendrobi peciosissi now
described for the first time, is a remarkable Bornean species, allied to D.
formosum, which was discovered by Sir Hugh Low on his ascent of Mt.
Kina Balu in 1851, and has now been introduced both by Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co. and by Messrs. Sander, both of whom also flowered it. Den-
drobium sanguineum, introduced by Messrs. Low from Labuan, is
remarkable for its crimson flowers, which, unfortunately, are rather short-
lived. Cirrhopetalum Rothscl , the finest species in the genus,
flowered in the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild, at Tring Park.
Coelogyne Veitchiana is a species with pendulous racemes of pure white
flowers, introduced by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. Lueddemannia
triloba is one of Lehmann’s introductions, which flowered in the collection
of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., as is also Odontoglossum aspidorhinum.
Cypripedium x Littleanum is a remarkable natural hybrid, which flowered
in the collection of H. Little, Esq., of Twickenham, and was figured
and described in these pages. Cymbidium x Kimballianum is a reputed
natural hybrid which appeared with Messrs. Sander. Bollea Schroederiana
also appeared with Messrs. Sander, as did Angrecum Eichlerianum, A.
stylosum, Batemania peruviana, Lycaste Dyeriana,
and some _ others.

Maxillaria Mooreana,
Dendrobium velutinum and Cryptophoranthus
oblongifolius flowered with Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Trias disciflora,
Dendrobium inflatum, and some additional varieties of Catasetum X
splendens with Messrs. Linden, and the remarkable Luisia Cantharis with
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.

Several interesting

botanical novelties flowered at Kew, as Catasetum
Lemosii, Bulbophyll t il Ornithi

ees gis I P > nanum, Angrecum
Smithii, Pleurothallis rotundifolia, and Eulophia deflex:

flowered with Major-General Berkeley, Oncidium panduratum with Welbore
Ss. Ellis, Esq., Maxillaria parva with C. Ingram, Esq., and Cirrhopetalum
shames with T. R. Jarvis, Esq., of Chelmsford. Megaclinium

mn and $ hilu ifolius flowered with M. A, Van

a. Lanium Berkeleyi

1

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 47

Imschoot, of Ghent; Notylia brevis and Cirrhopetalum Whitei with Sir
Trevor Lawrence, Bart. ; Polystachya villosa, Cryptophoranthus minutus,
Sarcanthus auriculatus, and three species of Cirrhopetalum, with Mr. Js
O’Brien. Some of these had flowered on previous occasions, but were now
described for the first time.

Varieties of well-known species are continually appearing, the most
remarkable of last year being the beautiful Cypripedium bellatulum album,
which flowered in the collection of Sir Frederick Wigan. The distinct
buff-yellow variety of C. insigne called Laura Kimball, from the Kimball
collection, may also be mentioned, while various others have been recorded
in our pages from time to time, which we have not space to enumerate.

Turning to the hybrids we find a rather extensive list, and here again we
can only enumerate the more interesting and remarkable of the numerous
forms which have appeared. The prize for the best hybrid of the year was
secured by N. C. Cookson, Esq., with Phaius x Cookson (P. grandifolius
@ xX P. Humblotii ¢). Dendrobium Xx Murrayi (nobile @ x albo-
sanguineum g) and D. x Astrea (luteolum @ X crassinode ¢) also came
from the same collection.

Lelio-cattleya x Darwiniana (L.-c. x elegans Turneri @ X maxima
é) and L.-c. x Elsteadensis (C. bicolor ¢ x L. xanthina ¢) came from
the collection of C. Ingram, Esq. Cattleya X Lady Ingram (Eldorado ¢
x Dowiana aurea 3) and C. Xx Cecilia (Lawrenceana ? X Trianz g) are
two other beautiful forms from the same collection.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons have again added several remarkable
hybrids to the list, two of the more kable being Dendrobi X illustre
(chrysotoxum @ x pulchellum g) and Phalaenopsis x Luedd violacea
Other striking forms are Cattleya X Eros (Mossie ? x Walkeriana ¢),
C. x Eurydice (labiata @ x Aclandie +), Lalio-cattleya x Lady Roths-
child (L. Perrinii ¢ x C. Warscewiczii ¢), L.-c. X Myra (C. Triane ¢
xX L. flava 3), L.-c. x Eunomia (L. pumila Dayana ¢ X C. Gaskelliana ¢ ),
L.-c. x Semiramis (L. Perinii ¢ x C. Gaskelliana 3), and Calanthe x
Masuco-tricarinata, besides several good Cypripediums. :

Among the fine hybrids raised by Messrs. Sander may be mentioned
Cattleya x Fowleri (Leopoldi ¢ x Hardyana 4) and C. X Miss Measures
(Lueddemanniana ¢ x velutina 3), Lelio-cattleya x D. S. Brown (C.
Triane ¢ x Lic. x Schilleriana ¢), and Lc. C. G. Roebling (L.
Purpurata 2 x C. Gaskelliana 3), Sobralia x Amesiz (xantholeuca ¢ X
Wilsoni 3), and several fine Cypripediums.

Masdevallia x Leda is a pretty little hybrid from M. Estrade ? and
M. Arminii, raised by Captain Hincks. Dendrobium x gemma, from the
collection of C. Winn, Esq., was obtained by STOSSIG D- aureum ¢ and

* Superbum Hultoni g ; and Selenipedium X Finetianum, from the

48 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

collection of M. F. Finet, is descended from S. X cardinale ? and S.
caudatum ¢. Two other Lelio-cattleyas were described in these pages—
namely, L.-c. X Trentonensis (L.-c. elegans @ x L. pumila ¢), from the
collection of the Hon. C. G. Roebling, and L.-c. x Andreana (C. bicolor?
Xx L.-c. x elegans), from the collection of M. Fournier, of Marseilles. i

Several Cypripediums have also been recorded from private collections
during the year, and glancing back through our pages we note the following :
C. xX Henry Graves (C. Lawrenceanum 9 xX C. X Marshallianum ¢),
from the collection of H. Graves, Esq.; C. X Louise (possibly derived
from C. x Leenaum and C. x Ashburtoniz), from R. le Doux, Esq.; C.
x St. Hilda (Boxallii ¢ x Curtisii g), C. x conco-callosum and C. X
calloso-niveum, from R. H. Measures, Esq.; C. X Hurrellianum (Argus ?
x Curtisii 3), from C. G. Roebling, Esq. ; C. X Rossianum (derived from
C. barbatum and C. tonsum), from H. J. Ross, Esq.; C. X Vannere (C.
Curtisii ¢ x C. x selligerum majus g), from W. Vanner, Esq.; C. X
Atropos (C. xX Ashburtone expansum @ X C. purpuratum ¢), from
Reginald Young, Esq.; and others. C. x Mabelize var. Lord Derby,
which flowered in the collection of T. Statter, Esq., is the finest of the
hybrids derived from C. superbiens @ and C. Rothschildianum 3.

The foregoing are among the principal novelties of the year. A few
may have been overlooked in this rapid survey, but others, which are known
to be either synonyms or varieties of existing forms, have been purposely
omitted, both among species and hybrids. Synonymous names are in-
creasing far too rapidly.

++

EPIPHRONITIS x VEITCHII.

A FOUR-FLOWERED inflorescence of this handsome little plant has been
sent by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. Its history was given in our first
volume (pp. 116, 2gr), but we may again allude to the remarkable way in
which the character of the mother plant has been lost. It was obtained by
crossing Sophronitis grandiflora with the pollen of Epidendrum radicans,
the latter as many feet high as the former is inches, yet the influence of the
Sophronitis is only apparent in the much dwarfed habit of the hybrid
offspring. The structure of the flower is precisely that of Epidendrum
tadicans, enlarged to 1} inches diameter across the petals, and the colour
darker, almost crimson in shade. No one would have guessed its origin.
It received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society on
June 24th, 1890. We should like to see what would be the effect of
reversing the cross, as well as of again crossing the Sophronitis with pollen

of the present hybrid. The result in either case would certainly be
interesting.

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 49
LAZLIO-CATTLEYA x INGRAMII.

THE plant depicted in our illustration (Fig. 4) is a very beautiful hybrid
raised by Mr. Bond in the collection of C. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House,

Godalming, from Lzlia pumila Dayana 2 and Cattleya Dowiana aurea
It was exhibited at a meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on August
gth, 1892, when it received a First-class Certificate. It possesses an
unmistakable combination of the characters of the two parents, as will
be seen by the illustration, in which, however, the sepals and petals
appear to be white instead of rosy-mauve—a peculiarity often seen in

photographic representations of this and allied colours. The sepals and

Fic. 4.—LaLio-CatTLeyA X INGRAMIL.

petals are large and broad, and the lip, while taking cameo the character
, both in

of the Lelia parent, shows also the influence of the
shape and in its rich coloration. In its dwarf habit it most aoe the
Mother plant. It isa very handsome plant, and one of the best of the
Seedlings raised from L. pumila Dayana. Our illustration is reproduced
from a photograph taken by Mr. G. l’Anson, of Upper Clapton. Some-
times the peduncles bear a couple of flowers.

50 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
LAELIA ANCEPS AND ITS VARIETIES.

Frew Orchids are more popular in gardens than Lelia anceps, and its
varieties have now become so numerous that a connected account of them
will probably prove interesting to our readers, from whom numerous
forms have been received in this and preceding seasons. On former
occasions we have treated other popular and yariable species in the same
way, notably Cattleya Triane and C. labiata, Cypripedium insigne, and
Dendrobium nobile, and we have the satisfaction of knowing that these lists
have been much appreciated.

Lelia anceps was originally described and figured in 1835 (Lindl. in
Bot. Reg., XXJ., t. 1751), from a plant which flowered in the establishment
of Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney. Two years later the variety Barkeriana
appeared, after which came a long interval of about thirty years before
Dawsoni came to light in 1868, and about ten years later commenced a
series of brilliant acquisitions, which has been gradually growing up to the
present time.

The typical form has rose-purple sepals and petals, and a much darker
lip, the throat being pencilled with radiating purple lines on a lighter
ground. [.. a. morada (G. C., 1892, ii., p. 672) is synonymous.

Var. Barkeriana (Lindl, Bot. Reg., t. 1947) only differs from the type
in having the petals very little broader than the sepals. It flowered in the
collection of G. Barker, Esq., of Birmingham.

Scottiana (Will. Orch. Alb., VI1., t. 325), may be described as a good
form of the type with flowers a little darker than usual. It flowered with
W. A. Scott, Esq., Nunfield, Dumfries.

Var. obscura (Rchb. f. ex Will. Orch. Gr. Man., ed. 7, p. 430) is described
as having long dark-coloured sepals and petals, the former white at the
base, and the front lobe of the lip deep purple.

Var. lineata (O’Brien in G.C., 1895, ii., p. 734) is a richly-coloured form,
in which the basal halves of the sepals are white, with some clearly-defined
chocolate lines. It appeared in the collection of Lord Rothschild, at Tring
Par

Protheroeana (O’Brien in G. C.. 1896, i., p. 40) is a brilliantly-coloured
form, with the sepals and petals white at the base, and the petals with a
flame-like crimson flush on the outer halves. It flowered in the collection
of Joseph Broome, Esq., of Llandudno.

Scheederee (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1887, i., p. 72) has flowers light rose with
Tose-purple tips to the petals; the side lobes being bordered with rose-
purple, and the front lobe deep purple. It flowered with Baron Schroder.
—F.C.C., Jan. 10, 1888,

Ballantineana (G. C., 1891, i., p. 86) has the flower lightly suffused with

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 5t

crimson-rose, a little deeper on the petals, becoming quite dark at the tips,
and the lip rich crimson. [It flowered in the collection of Baron Schréder.
—F.C.C;, R.H.S,; Jan: 13; 1891.

Var. grandiflora (Will. Orch. Gr. Man. ed. 6, p. 351) is typical in form and
colour, but has much larger flowers.—G. C., 1888, i., pp. 105, 107, fig. 17.
The forms called Chamberlain's var. (O. R., II., p. 1) and Rosefield var.
(p. 34) are very similar.

Crawshayana (Journ. of Hort., 1895, i., p. 67, fig. 12) is a very large-
flowered rose-purple form allied to the preceding. F.C.C., R.H.S., Jan.
15, 1895.

Var. leucosticta (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1885, i., p. 206) is a rosy form, in
which the petals are irregularly streaked with white. It flowered in the
collection of Mr. Greenfield, of Dunstable.

Var. radians (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1888, i., p. 298) is much like the pre-
ceding, but has a white space at the base of the sepals and petals.

Oweniana (G, C., 1892, ti., p. 744) is a richly-coloured variety, in which
the segments are conspicuously flaked with white. It flowered in the
collection of G. D. Owen, Esq., of Rotherham.—Journ. of Hort., 1892, ii,
P- 569, fig. 77- ;

Dawsoni (G. C., 1868, p. 27) was the first white form, and appeared in
the collection of T. Dawson Esq., at Meadow Bank, Glasgow. It has very
broad, proportionately short petals, and a large deep purple blotch on the
front lobe of the lip—O. 4., L., t. 44.

Var. vestalis (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1880, i., p. 126) approaches the pre-
ceding in shape, but has the front lobe of the lip white, the purple
pencillings on the side lobes alone remaining. It flowered in the collection
of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart. :

Hollidayana (O’Brien in G. C., 1894, i., p. 166) is near Dawsoni, but
has a shorter, broader lip, with a carmine-crimson blotch on the square
front labe.

Amesiana (O’Brien in G. C., 1888, ii., p. 660) has the shape and other
details of Dawsoni, but the petals have a purple feathered tip. It appeared
with Messrs. Sander.—Journ. of Hort. 1893, ii-, P- 505, f8- 73-

Var. alba (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1879, i., p- 10) is an albino, having lost the
purple pencillings on the side lobes of the lip. In shape it has been
compared with Dawsoni, but there is a similar form with comparatively
narrow petals which goes under this name. An albino called virginalis
(Journ. of Hort., 1887, i., p- 42, fig. 7), which appeared with F. A. Philbrick,
Esq., of Bickley, has also petals 14 inches broad.

Schrocderiana (Rehb. f. in G. C., 1885, is, p- 342) is @ very large pure
white form, with the petals and front lobe of the lip very broad. The side
lobes are veined with purple. It flowered in the collection of Baron

52 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Schréder.—O. A., X., t. 473-—L. A. Hyeana, Lindenia, V., t. 266, is
synonymous.

Ashworthiana (O’Brien in G. C., 1894, i., p. 103, fig. 10) has almost the
shape and other details of the preceding, but the front lobe of the lip is
sparingly pencilled with purple.—F.C.C., R.H.S., Jan. 16, 1894.

Var. munda (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1886, i., p. 298 , it is said, would be
Schreederiana, were not the yellow colour confined to the three keels at the
base of the lip. It flowered with M. L. Kienast, of Zurich.

Stella (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1886, i., p. 136) is near Schreederiana, but the
petals and front lobe of the lip are a little narrower. It flowered in the
collection of G. C. Hill, Esq., of Notting! and i diately afterwards
in that of C. Ingram, Esq., of Godalming.—O. A., VIII., t. 329. Mr. Catt
(G. C., 1890, i., p. 239), thinks this identical with vestalis.

Williamsiana (Sander ex Will. O. Gr. Man., ed. 6, p. 353), is rather
smaller than the preceding, and wholly white, except the purple veins of
the side lobes. It appeared with Messrs. Sander.—O. A., IV., t. 190.

Sanderiana (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1885, i., p. 140), has longer and narrower
sepals and petals than Dawsoni, but is much like it in colour. It appeared
with Messrs. Sander.—Reichenbachia, ser. 1, iy, t.156.

Var. amabilis (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1888, i., p- 104) is said to have a little
purple marking on the front lobe and angles of the side lobes, the petais

being broad. It may come near the preceding. It appeared with Messrs.
Sander.

Leeana (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1884, i., p. 445) is described as having
flowers smaller than usual, white, with the tips of the side lobes light
purple in colour and two reddish purple stripes on either side of the mid
line. It appeared with Messrs. Sander.

Kienastiana (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1886, i., p- 298), it is said, would
be Dawsoni, but for the rosy hue of the fine broad petals. The side lobes
of the lip are also tinted with rose. It flowered with M. L. Kienast, of
Zurich.

Var. delicata (Will. O. Gr. Man., ed. 6, p- 351) has the sepals and petals
white, stained with rosy purple, and the lip suffused with reddish-purple.

Calvertiana (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1883, i., p. 78), is described as near
Dawsoni, except that the petals are narrow: the side lobes of the lip
bordered with rose and the front lobe wholly red-purple. It flowered in
the collection of J. Calvert, Esq., 2f Wood Green.

Var. blanda (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1885, i

-, p. 206) has the sepals and petals
white with a light rosy hue,

\ and the front lobe of the lip warm purple. It
it near Calvertiana, and flowered in the collection of W. Cobb, Esq.
of Sydenham.

Percivaliana (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1883, i., p. 110) has the sepals and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 53

petals light rose-purple, the side lobes tipped with amethyst-purple, and the
front lobe deep purple. It appeared in the collection of R. P. Percival,
Esq., of Southport.—O. A., VI., t. 256.

Var. rosea (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1880, i., p. 104) has light rose sepals and
petals, the margins ofthe side lobes and the front lobe rather darker. It
appeared in the establishment of Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea.—Garden, 1884,
ley. tia46, £4:

Hilliana (Rchb. f. in G. C., 1881, i., p- 168) has the sepals and petals
nearly white, and the lip bordered with light rose. It appeared with Messrs.
Sander.—O. A., IV., t. 146.

Veitchiana (Rchb. f. in G.C., 1883, i., p. 274), has sepals and petals white,
lip light mauve-purple. It appeared with Messrs. Veitch.—Garden, 1884,
i., t. 446, fig. 7.

Var. holochila (Rolfe in G. C., 1891, i., p. 426) is a remarkable peloriate
form, in which the lip is entire and petal-like, and the flower pale rosy-lilac
throughout. It appeared among importations of the Liverpocl Horti-
cultural Co.—Garden and Forest, 1891, i., pp. 172, 173, fig. 31-

CYPRIPEDIUM x ATYS VAR. RUBRUM.

A flower of this handsome variety has been sent by F. M. Burton, Esq.,
Highfield, Gainsborough, together with a note on its history. It was
obtained from C. venustum @ and C. Hookere 3, and was exhibited at a
meeting of the R. H. S. on November r4th, 1893, under the name of C. x ,
tubrum, though the name seems to have been omitted in our report. It
was, however, recorded shortly afterwards (Gard. Chron., 1893, ii., p- 74).
Then it was described as C. x Burtoni by the late Mr. Gower (Garden,
XLV., p. 181), who thought C. Lowii was one of the parents, which, how-
ever, Mr. Burton corrected (/.c., p. 206). The leaves much resemble those
of C. Hookerz, and the scape is rather tall. The flower also is most like
this parent, but the dorsal sepal has about nineteen light green nerves, as
in C. venustum, the shape and ground colour approaching C. Hookere.
The petals are very similar to the last-named, but are flatter at the a
This part is light green, which gradually passes to the most brilliant purple-
crimson in the apical third, the middle being spotted with dark brown.
The lip has the shape and veining almost of C. venustum, though the latter
is partially obliterated by a suffusion of bronzy brown. The staminode is
about intermediate in shape, and approaches the lip in colour. It is a well-
shaped and brilliantly-coloured flower, and much the best we have seen from
this parentage. Mr. Burton writes that he fully approves of the oe
above adopted, and thinks that it is based on the right principles. Abou’
twenty plants were raised, which commenced flowering when four years old.

54 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CYPRIPEDIUM CONCOLOR VAR. LONGIPETALUM.
A veRY remarkable form of Cypripedium concolor has appeared in the
collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch, in which the
petals are unusually long and narrow, being 2% inches long. The colour
of the flower is light yellow, as in the type, and the dorsal sepal broadly

elliptical-oblong, 1 inches long by 1} broad, the lower half being lightly -

reticulated with light purple-brown nerves in front, and a narrow dark
line along the centre; spotted all over with a rather lighter shade behind.
The petals each have a narrow dark line down the centre in front, and
a few similar small spots near the base, while behind the nerves are
covered with rows of minute purple-brown dots. The lip is 1} inches
long, and light yellow, with a few minute purple dots in front, and numerous
ones on the side lobes. It is remarkably distinct in shape, but is
evidently a variety of C. concolor, with which the foliage agrees. It
was obtained as an imported plant about two years ago.
R. A. R.

———+—~—+__

CYPRIPEDIUM x LITTLEANUM.

WITH respect to this remarkable natural hybrid, described and figured at
page 209 of the last volume, Mr. Hansen remarks, “ Such nat. hyb. was in
cultivation at Sander & Co., St. Albans, in 1887, a water colouring of which
I took at the time ” (Orch. Hyb., p- 255). Is thisidentification quite certain ?
* If so, where is the plant now? So finea thing would hardly be lost, but
Mr. Little’s plant being an imported one, obtained from Mr. Tracey, of
Twickenham, precludes the possibility of the two being identical. It would
be interesting to know the precise history of the plant alluded to, and to
see the drawing. If Mr. Hansen knew of any record, he would have
mentioned it, and it is desirable that the identification should be confirmed.

—+~ +
A CURIOUS CATTLEYA.

May I be permitted to describe in your pages a curious flower of Cattleya
labiata which has recently opened here, and which, though different from
the two instances recorded in the December Review, may no doubt be
accounted for in the same way. (O. R. IIL., p. 368.) The flower consists of
six parts, made up of two sepals, two petals, and a column with two stamens.
The back sepal and the two side petals are normal in colour, shape, and
size, but the two side sepals and the lip are wanting, a lower sepal taking
the place of the latter. The column is 1} inches long, perfectly straight
and upright, in shape somewhat like a long club, and bearing at the top.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 55

in a line with the two sepals (anterior and posterior), two perfect anthers.
Curiously enough the anthers are reversed, both facing inwards, the two
column-beaks (rostella) touching but free, overlooked by two column-wings,
one on each flank, the hinges of the pollen-caps being as far apart as
possible. I fail to find any trace of a stigma, but the overy is one-selled,
as usual.

The following diagram will perhaps show at a glance the position of
the principal parts of this peculiar flower :-—

SS)

BP A Pp;
A

$s
S = Sepal. P= Petal. A = Anther.
I might also state that the flower came alone on its pseudobulb, and
without the usual sheath ; while another pseudobulb on the same plant is
bearing two perfectly normal flowers.

Personally, I wish to thank Mr. Rolfe for his very interesting and
Suggestive article, “ The Structure of an Orchid Flower,” in the December
Review. When we see in the great family of Orchids so many varied and
wonderful structures, each, apparently, being the means to an end, we
cannot but wonder why and how they came to be; and although we may
not yet be able to know why they exist, yet, thanks to modern research
upon the lines adopted by that great naturalist, Charles Darwin, we are
~ able, in a measure, to know how they came about; and by tracing
the descent of the present-day Orchids to their probable source—the
simple monocotyledon—we are able to get a little nearer to that more
Temote, but none the less interesting question, the origin of all forms
of life.

Cuarves C. Hurst.

Burbage Nurseries, near Hinckley. b

[It seems highly probable that the organ called the “lower sepal
was the median petal unmodified into a lip, the more so from the fact of
there being an additional stamen; and as this stamen occupies the
Position of a 3, it would appear that both the lateral sepals and the
Corresponding stamens of the outer whorl—i.c., the side lobes of the Lg :
were suppressed. The alternative would be that these organs respectively
were confluent in one, and the median petal absent, which is less likely,
€specially when one remembers that A 2 and A 3 are branches of the cords
which feed the lateral sepals. It is a very curious and interesting flower,
Which we should have liked to have seen.—ED.]

56 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR FEBRUARY.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.

THE temperature and general management of the plants for the present
month should be as recommended for January, namely :—by treating them
as liberally with air, warmth, and moisture as the outside conditions will
permit. Up to the time of writing, the weather for January has been
quite exceptional for its mildness, enabling us to apply fresh air more freely
than usual at this time of year, a fact which it is needless to add must
promote a healthy and beneficial effect. The ph too, ideri
its mild and damp nature, is tolerably clear, resulting in a good average
amount of sunshine and light. Of course, as the days lengthen and the
light increases so may the thermometer gradually rise, and a little more
moisture be supplied, which will tend to encourage new growth. But by
all means let everything in this direction be done gradually, or the result
may be the reverse of satisfactory, for the weather just yet is not to be
telied upon; and a spell of lovely warm spring-like weather may be
followed by another of almost Arctic severity. It is at such times that
those plants, having been unduly hastened into growth, receive a check
from which they sometimes never fully recover.

The successful wintering of the plants in all departments necessarily
depends largely upon the health and stamina which they possess. No
plant can remain vigorous if the compost in which it is growing is decayed,
for it follows that the roots also will be more or less decayed, and when
this is the case, a very little drought will suffice to cause great exhaustion—
shrivelling, loss of leaves, &c. The plant having a good supply of healthy —
roots must necessarily be in good compost, and is pretty sure to get along
all right under rational treatment, and continue to improve and increase in
size. To achieve this, neither excessive drying up in the winter is desirable,
nor excessive watering during the summer; all that is required being a com-
mon-sense method of treatment, which is one of moderation at all times,
avoiding anything approaching coddling or excess in any direction. Under
such circumstances strong plants will thrive, but it is the sick ones which give
the greatest trouble, and are apt to go from bad to worse during the winter
months, unless specially cared for. By way of illustration let us suppose
we have two Cattleyas ; one is in vigorous health with plenty of roots in
good sound sweet compost, the other a weakly specimen having little or
no roots, although in this case the compost may likewise be all that is
necessary. In all probability the latter plant has been allowed to get too
bad before it was repotted, whereby
greatly prolonged.
all times more atte

iD

its period of convalescence will be
It is only natural that such a plant should demand at
ntion. For instance, a little more water during the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 37

testing season would be required, or it would shrivel badly ; it would want
cleaning and freeing from scale and other pests more frequently than the
strong one; and it could not withstand so much bright sunshine, &c.

It is such plants, that by some means or other have got down below par,
that must have special attention if they are to suryive and again take their
places in the front rank. It is therefore anything but good practice to hide
them from view by placing them away behind other plants, in order to give
the whole a better appearance, for unless these weakly plants are seen
frequently, they invariably miss that extra attention so urgently needed for
their recovery. They should, if possible, be placed at some convenient place,
so that their wants can be the better supplied.

The short-bulbed Mexican Lzlias are now past; they have indeed
made a bold show for the last two months, and it is not easy to name a
more useful family for mid-winter work, that is, supposing they are well
grown; for if not, they are not nearly so satisfactory. On the whole we
grow them pretty successfully, though there are one or two species which
we would fain grow and flower better. The chief of these is that lovely
L. furfuracea, which seems an especial slow one to grow properly. L.
anceps is easily first in freedom of growth and flower, and I think it must
also take first place in point of beauty, especially the lovely white varieties.
During the second week in January we had here out in bloom between 50
and 60 spikes of the latter varieties; one fine plant producing 19 spikes
with a total of 73 flowers, an average of nearly four flowers to each spike.
Several, however, had five full-sized flowers, the smallest number being three.
This plant, of course, looked very handsome, and it it is needless to say that
the whole of the 60 spikes mingled with the few remaining coloured
varieties of the same species made a very fine show indeed. I should, how-
ever, here remark that all of the white Lalia anceps do not yield flowers
in such abundance. The above are the long-bulbed variety, having very
dark green foliage and a bright coloured lip, I think generally known to
the trade as L. a. Sanderiana. We have also other varieties not having
this distinctive mark on the lip, which are equally floriferous, but all have
the long pseudobulbs and dark green foliage. There are other white
varieties which bear from one to two flowers on a spike only, which detracts
very much from their value, and these have a much shorter, and, in fact, a
typical anceps bulb and leaf. The culture of the Mexican Latlias, is on the
whole, easy, if treated in accordance with their very simple requirements.
There must not be too much nursing or coddling, nor must they be star ved
for the want of water or other simple necessaries of life, such as repotting
or re-basketing when required. I have occasionally seen seas mrnete the
new growth, or rather the last made pseudobulbs, were ging the
sides of the pot, the new roots growing out into space, where they sooner

58 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

or later come to grief. The ordeal of flowering to such plants is most
exhaustive, and they soon afterwards collapse. Unless Lelias have over-
grown their pots or baskets, once in about three years is often enough to
furnish new materials throughout, all else that is required being a top dress-
ing every year. What is intended to be done to them, either in the way of
repotting or top-dressing may be done during this or next month, _ It is
well known that the Mexican Lelias require but little water during winter
to keep them plump, but, like Cattleyas, they should most certainly have
enough to do this without the least signs of shrivelling. They should be
grown in full sun with an abundance of air, which will keep them robust.
This end can be attained the better if the plants are suspended near the
glass.

The great and beautiful family of the Dendrobium is coming on apace,
and will for some time hence do good service in the Show-house. Where
good growth was put on last year, and afterwards well but wisely ripened,
the flower buds will now be in a more or less advanced stage. Do not
force or hurry them forward too much, the majority of the late winter and
spring flowering kinds come much better and finer if allowed to come along
quietly in a temperature of about 60°, receiving just enough water at the roots
and atmospherically to keep the pseudobulbs plump. With the bulk of
Dendrobes it is yet a little too early to do very much repotting, but there are
instances where a start can be made so as to get as many as possible off hand.
The seedlings yet too small to flower may be done and started gently into
growth. There will doubtless also be others which are not intended to
flower on account of insufficient strength or size, which could also be done,
the remainder having attention as soon as deemed safe after flowering is over.
In all cases let the watering of these Orchids be done with scrupulous care
until the new growth gets well up, and the new roots take well to the com-
post; and let the temperature be warm and genial, between 60° and 70°, So aS

to encourage healthy and sturdy growth. Dendrobiums generally do best
suspended in either small pans or baskets,

as good culture is more reliable
when kept to small receptacles.

Fresh sphagnum moss and the best of
fibrous peat in equal proportions is the most suitable compost. The old
back pseudobulbs render little service after about the third or fourth year,
and may be detached from the plant. These old pseudobulbs will mostly
propagate freely if cut in lengths of about three inches, and laid on sphagnum
moss kept moist. The small plants resulting, which may be called cuttings,
will in about two years be sufficiently large to again replace with the parent
plant, thus keeping up a constant supply of fresh healthy young stock,
which is necessary to form large specimens.

: In growing Dendrobiums there are mostly a few that are inclined te
Bive trouble to the cultivator in a more or less degree, being more disposed

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 59

to decrease in size than to grow larger, which is needless to say extremely
annoying. Such behaviour is not always distinctly traceable to any direct
cause, although it cannot be questioned that there isa cause. I have known
it arise through keeping the plants back too much, which necessitates a
very cold temperature, in order to make them bloom much after their
accustomed time. But whatever may be the reason such plants will
persistently defy all attempts at coaxing into a better frame of mind. — Per-
haps it may be a D. nobile or one of its numerous progeny, or it may be
some other species quite different. 1t will doubtless be potted up in the
best of compost, be given the best of positions, and subjected to the most
careful watering, yet even then it still remains obdurate. Perhaps new
growth will duly show, which would indicate that matters were all right,
but suddenly they damp off; others may follow, and suffer the same fate.
Before the growing season is quite over, however, the plant will have
succeeded in forming one or two puny small pseudobulbs, with a

ing number of roots. When you get such a plant and it should survive
the winter, it is useless to waste time by trying to grow it in the usual
manner. Take it out of the pot, cut off all the dead roots, separate each
bulb at the base and lay them on damp moss on a shelf or somewhere out
of the way in the warmest house. Keep the moss well supplied with water
during the summer, then from some part of these old bulbs will spring new
growths which will by autumn make nice little new bulbs, and these may
afterwards be placed together and will soon make a good plant again.

The foremost representative of the labiata section of Cattleya just
now is Cattleya Trianz and its varieties, a most beautiful and useful species,
but one, unfortunately, owing to its being so very susceptible to fogs, find-
ing but little fayour in London gardens, as they generally fail there to expand
their blossoms. Apart from this it is one of the freest to grow and flower.
It soon commences to root and grow after blooming, and the repotting or
top-dressing should not then be very long delayed. The usual Cattleya or
int diate temp is only required. C. Percivaliana, although the
flower on the whole is very rich and pretty, cannot, I think, be compared te
the first named for general usefulness. One thing very much against this
Species is its habit of failing to produce its flowers satisfactorily, and very
average sized pseudobulbs

often, too, in country places, even after making P
fully equipped with sheaths. Of course the failure is not so great if the plants
are kept rather dry and warm when throwing up their spikes, but there is
always a large percentage that fails to come, which makes it appear that C.
Percivaliana is even more ptib to pheric conditions than C.
Trianze.

There are a large number of Oncidiums which lend th
Cool house culture, making growth there much freer and stronger than

emselves kindly to

60 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

when grown in more warmth. O. serratum is one of these, and is
now in flower. In growth it is very like O. macranthum, and requires
exactly the same kind of culture, growing at the coolest part of the house.
They succeed best in pots on the stages, and should be potted in sphagnum
moss and fibrous peat in equal parts, and at almost any time during the
year, when they can be caught in the right condition. This is after being
relieved from their immensely long and exhaustive flower spikes, when they
again commence to push up growth. When in robust health these Orchids
are a refreshing sight to see, such fine green healthy foliage and psendo-
bulbs do they make, and such a bristling mass of roots do they send forth.
The treatment is exactly the same as for other cool Orchids; watering
them with great care during the winter; letting the compost appear dry
for several days before giving water ; and at the same time taking care not
to get the atmosphere over moist by too frequently damping down ; which
is a great mistake at this time of year. Once a day is quite sufficient for
damping down, and if the plants have lately been watered it may some-
times be advisable not to wet the floors for a day or two afterwards, until
the plants begin to get dry again. These Oncidiums delight also in an
abundance of air at all times when the outside weather will admit. O.
superbiens, O. trilingue, O. lamelligerum, and O. monachicum are very
similar in growth and general requirements.

Keep down aphides and thrips at all costs. I find the best thing is
Richardson’s X L. All fumigating insectide, as there is no fear of injury to
either foliage or flowers. I use it in every house in accordance with the
directions issued, and have not observed any bad results from its use-
Neither the plants nor the atmosphere should be over dry when fumigating
is intended, and once doing is generally sufficient to kill all insect life.

Attend to the blinds for summer shading in time, so that they are
ready for use when required.
epi.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM SULFUREUM.

FINE flower of a beautiful sulphur-yellow variety of Odontoglossum
crispum has been sent from the collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of
Arddarroch, which is well described by the above name. It measures 25
inches in diameter across the toothed petals, which, as well as the sepals,
are very broad, giving the flower a very full and round appearance. The
colour is bright sulphur-yellow, a little darker round the margin of the petals
and on the lip. It is without any trace of spots, and is a very charming
form. Another form, quite similar as to colour, but with much narrower

segments, is also enclosed, and a flower of O. Pescatorei with a few small
Violet spots on the petals.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 61

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

Tue Dendrobiums are now coming on in force, and a series of D, nobile,
Wardianum, and crassinode brighten up the house, together with D.
fimbriatum oculatum, D. x Cassiope,and some other of the beautiful hybrids
which now make such an addition to the collection in the spring months.
Coelogyne cristata has also begun to unfold its beautiful flowers, and this
species and its varieties will be a feature of the Cool house for some weeks,
while Cattleyas Percivaliana and Triane must also be added to the list,
— anceps in a series of purple and white varieties, together with

difl Masdevallia tovarensis, Calanthes, and several
oitiets mencioneds in previous notes are also still flowering well, together with
a number of good Cypripediums, which undoubtedly stand in the front rank
as useful winter-flowering plants, and. will be increasingly so as time
goes on.

Odontoglossums are now throwing up strong spikes, and a few are
already out, including O. pulchellum and the beautiful little O. Rossii, which
hangs side by side with Sophronitis grandiflora, and produces a most effective
contrast. Phal Pp are also p x favourably, and, if the fog keeps
off, will soon commence to flower, though some buds have dropped already
from this cause. Hitherto the weather has been unusually favourable, and
everything is looking very promising for the coming spring.

5

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ANGRAECUM SANDERIANUM.——Journ. of Hort., Dec. 26, Pp. 599, fig. gt.

CALANTHE X GIGAS.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 9, P- 25, fig 4-

CaTasEtum X IMPERIALE.—Gard. Mag., Jan 25, p. 51, with fig.

CATTLEYA LABIATA (two-leaved).—Gard. Chron., Jan. 4, p- 13, fig. 2

CypRIPEDIUM X ALLANIANUM suPERBUM.— Gard. Mag., Jan. 18, p.
33, with fig.

Cypripepium x ELLioTianum.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 16, p. 55, fig. 8

Cypripepium X EuryapEes.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 16, pp- 47, 59
fig. 7.

CypRIPEDIUM INSIGNE (sepals alike).—Gard. Chron., Dec. 28, p. 763,
fig. 129.

DENpRopium HiLpEBRANDII, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t- 7453-

OpontocLossum crtRosMuM.—Rev. Hort. Belge., Dec., p- 265, with
plate.

OpontocLossum coronariuM.—Gard. Chron., Jan. 18, p. 79, fig. 12

OpvontocLossum (Erstepu.—Gard. Chron., Jan. 18, pp. 77, 79» fig. 11.

STANHOPEA HasELoviana, Rchb. f,—Bot. Mag., t- 7542-

62 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ZYGOPETALUM x LEUCOCHILUM.

A RACEME bearing four flowers of this very distinct plant has been sent by
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons. It is recorded as having been derived from
Zygopetalum Mackayi ? and Z. Burkei ¢, though, as in one or two other
of the supposed crosses from Z. Mackayi, we believe that Z. intermedium is
intended, these two plants having somehow become confused together. The
flowers of Z. x leucochilum are over 2} inches in diameter, the sepals and
petals light green, lined along the centre and spotted near the margin with
dark brown, and the lip white except for the numerous striations of violet
on the crest. The face of the column is also closely striated with violet.
The flowers are deliciously fragrant. It is fairly intermediate in character,
but most resembles the pollen parent in character.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
Ar the opening meeting of the year, on January 14th, there was a fine
display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James’ Street, Westminster ; this
being largely due to the mild open weather which prevailed.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a magnificent group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was
given. In the centre was a splendid specimen of Lelia X Gouldiana with
some twenty-five spikes, to which the special award of a Silver Banksian
Medal was made. A Cultural Commendation was also given to a noble
plant of Lycaste plana Measuresiana; and Botanical Certificates to
Masdevallia ludibunda, M. striatella, M. polysticta, and M. p. purpurea.
The group also included a number of Lelia anceps varieties, the rare and
pretty Oncidium x Wheatl 8 Il , a fine infl of
Odontoglossum coronarium miniatum, Masdevallia cucullata, Dendrobium
emulum, Cypripedium x Lawrebel, C. x Leeanum Albertianum, C. X
Morganiz burfordiense, and others.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
showed a very fine collection of cut Cypripediums, including fourteen
species and thirty-six hybrids, a group th ghl p tive of the
best winter-flowering kinds. He also sent a well-grown Cattleya Trian®
Backliouseana, and Lelia x Finckeniana, with its two parents L. albida

and a white form of L. anceps. A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded to
the group.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Ml
Chapman), received a Bronze Banksian Medal for a pretty little group»
including a fine specimen of Vanda Amesiana with ten spikes, the remark-
able yellow Cypripedium venustum Measuresianum, C. x Olenus, C- *
Calypso superba, Odont. gl xH , Lycaste Skinneri, L. 5:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 63

alba, and Oncidium cheirophorum; a Botanical Certificate being awarded
to the latter.

S. Courtauld, Esq., Bocking Place, Braintree (gr. Mr. Wright), sent a
very int ing group of Masd to which a Bronze Banksian Medal
was awarded. It included M. fulvescens, M. hi lyphica, M. 1 1

M. picturata, M. striatella, M. velifera, M. Miaceusiaing! M. x Guske,
M. X Heathii, M. x Hincksiana, M. abbreviata and M. caloptera, the two
latter each receiving a Botanical Certificate.

C. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), received
Awards of Merit for a fine form of Cattleya Percivaliana, called Ingram’s
var., and for Laelio-cattleya x Cicero (C. intermedia @ x Lelio-cattleya
x elegans Turneri 3), the latter a very pretty form, somewhat resembling
L.-c. X Schilleriana, but with the lip approaching C. intermedia in shape,
and the sepals and petals light blush.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), received
an Award of Merit for Vanda x Charlesworthii, a pretty natural hybrid
between V. ccerulea and V. Bensoni, which was described at page 322 of
our second volume.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
received an Award of Merit fora handsome form of Cypripedium X Calypso,
called Stand Hall variety, with the dorsal sepal covered with purple over
fully two-thirds of its surface. He also sent C. x Ceres, and a very
pretty hybrid from C. x Ashburtone ¢ and C. x Numa @, called C. x
annamense.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), received a
Botanical Certificate for Lycasta trifoliata, Lehm.

Earl Cowper, Panshanger, Herts (gr. Mr. Fitt), sent a group of fine cut
spikes of Calanthe x bella, to which a Cultural Commendation was given.

C. B. Powell, Esq., The Old Hall, Southborough, Tunbridge Wells
(gr. Mr. Dupont), sent a finely-grown plant of Angraecum sesquipedale,
with fourteen flowers, which also received a Cultural Commendation.

John Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, a (gr. Mr. Whiffen), sent
a fine form of Cattleya Triane, Lelia anceps Sand and C di
X nitens.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg),
Sent a plant of the curious Oncidium Cebolleta.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden, sent a flower of Cypri-
Pedium X Fairieano-Lawrenceanum. : :

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very interesting group
of fine things, to which a Silver Flora — was given. It included the
singular orange-scarlet Dendrobi D. X euosmum roseum,
Epiphronitis x Veitchii, Epidendrum X Endersio-Wallisii, Cypripedium

We

64 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

insigne Sanderi C. x Lathami and others. Special awards
Sa given to the following:—The pure aie hears ‘a
albiflora, which received a First-class Certificate, Se enipe a
Schreedere candidulum (S. x Sedeni candidulum @ X S. je at :
Wallisii ¢) an Award of Merit, and two forms of Cypripe ae i.
Euryades, a spotted and a purple one, also each received an Awa)
Merit. These, it would appear, are forms of C. x Adrastus. e ES

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also received a Silver a
Medal for a fine group, containing Dendrobium johnsone, the a a
Lelia anceps alba, and others, Lycaste Skinneri, Is lanipes, aa
glossum X aspersum, O. Rossii, Phaio-calanthe x Arnoldiz sae
number of good Cypripediums. Among the latter was a pretty y
from C. Curtisii ¢ and C. concolor ¢, called Minnie Ames, with —
yellow flowers tinged with light rose; C. x Said Lloyd (Godetioy g :
venustum ¢), C. x A. R, Smith (callosum @ xX Druryi ¢), C. x Hem
Vander-Straeten (C. x Mrs. Canham @ x C. xX Leeanum ¢), &c.

Mr. W. Bull, Chelsea, showed three well-flowered examples of Cattleya
Walkeriana nobilior, and five fine plants of the pure white C. Triana alba,
the latter receiving a First-class Certificate. ;

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, staged a very effective se
to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained a beauti
example of Cymbidium Traceyanum, a very fine Cypripedium X Olenus,
C, Sanderianum and others, together with other showy Orchids. ;

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also received a Silver

: ; e he -
Banksian Medal for a fine group of Cypripediums, together with Calant

X bella, Lycaste mesochlena, and a few other showy things.

Messrs. Heath & Son, Cheltenham, sent some good forms of Cyripedium
Leeanum, and others.

a

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

H.cReGeane Jersey.

. ae
- Lelia anceps alba, L. a. rosea, L. autumnalis alba, L
Finckeniana, and Cym

bidium sinense.

C. A. H., Belvedere. The best time for importing West Indian Orchids would eae
soon as the growths are Properly matured, or, in other words, during the resting season

H. J.R.,, Florence. Apparently one of the forms of C. x Tityus.

D.M,, Dorking. A good typical form of Laelia anceps.

G. W. An account of the varieties of Lelia an
Photographs received, with thanks.—C. B, L.-s,
F. Rand MB. The Cattleya Fly is certainl
foothold, but we should persevere with the stam:

ceps appears in the present issue.

i ad
ly a terrible pest where it has obtain
ping-out policy.

The Amateur Orchid
Cultivator’s Guide Book.

By HH. A. BURBERRY, F-R.H:s.

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THE ORCHID Rey

MARCH, 1896. [No. 39.

Vor. IV.]

NOTES.
Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during March, on the roth and 24th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of
12 o'clock, noon.

A view of an Orchid house at Eaton Hall, Chester, the residence of the
Duke of Westminster, appears in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for January 18th
last, asa supplementary plate, showing various autumn-flowering species in
bloom

ae Phal

A figure of a fine group of the beautiful Di e: psi
grown by Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenham, is given in the Gardgpers
Magazine for December 28th last (page 841).

Three forms of the handsome Sel d x pulchell described’ at
Page 166 of our first volume, have been received from the collection of Ww:
Vanner, Esq., of Camden Wood, Chislehurst. The one considered typical
has the flowers nearly white, with the front of the lip and tips of the petals
Suffused with light rose. One called variety candidulum has the same parts
very light blush, and the hairs at the base of the petals reddish oe
The flower is also larger, and, altogether, is a very beautiful nearly white
form. The variety rubrum has the front of the lip, and the margins and
apical halves of the petals rosy red. All are re ene 1a =
resemblance to S. x Sedeni var. | hod is
that the parentage is different.

A fine five-flowered raceme of Odontoglossum Cervantesii ee
been sent from the collection of the Right Hon. Jo — ah enix
the individual flowers measuring 24 inches in diameter—an exce

example of good culture.

66 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A good form of Cattleya Percivaliana from the collection of rE. ee
Esq., of Ashton-on-Mersey, in which the front lobe of the lip is simi Be :
colour to the rest of the flower, namely light rosy purple. ‘The throat ‘ 0)
the usual deep orange colour. It may be called C. Percivaliana var. bicolor.

Referring to the note at page 1 of Cypripedium x Ashburton with
twin-flowered spikes, Mr. W. Wallace Lunt, of Boston, Mass: bee ee
that the phenomenon is of quite frequent occurrence in his small col 2 fe:
and that at the present time he has in flower the following, a “
two-flowered scapes:—C. barbatum, C. callosum, C. insigne, a
Spicerianum, C. venustum, C. xX vexillarium, and C. x a
Excellent photographs of C. callosum and C. x vexillarium a this
are enclosed, and show that the plants are strong and well cultivated.

e
A photograph showing three flowers of Sel ipedi x Scl o
expanded together on the same spike is also sent from the same collec’ 5
and is interesting because the older flowers frequently fall off w
succeeding ones come out, sometimes when quite fresh.

‘61 of

The Cypripedium insigne with abnormal flowers figured at ae: ae

our last volume is not flowering this season, as we learn from Me oe
We must wait until next winter to see if the peculiarity is perma

A two-flowered raceme of Lycaste Skinneri has been received from a
collection of H. Gurney Aggs, Esq., Pippbrook, Dorking, and it is ine
to note that this is the third successive year in which the same ie :
occurred. There are also seven single-flowered scapes on the same plant
It may be due to excess of vigour, caused by good culture.

A very pretty form of Cypripedium x Macfarlanei, called vag
giganteum, has been sent from the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, — of
Hessle, in which the dorsal sepal is over two inches broad, and the = C
the flower proportionate. It is a seedling from C. Spicerianum an fs
xX calophyllum, and the character of the former is especially conspicuous:

- * iganteum
A very fine form of C. villosum and Dendrobrium Findlayanum gigan
come from the same collection. f

etd epg

DIES ORCHIDIANZ.
SEVERAL of the articles wh
Orchid Review have intereste
mention the important resul

‘ t
on the “ Spot Disease of Orchids ” (page 19). It is always an importan

he
ich appeared in the last two numbers se 2
d me a good deal. In the first place I wou

q Brin joations *
ts obtained by Mr. Massee in his investigatio

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 67

matter to know the nature and habits of an enemy, otherwise, in groping
about in the dark, all one’s energy may be uselessly thrown away. Much
difference of opinion has been expressed as to the nature of this disease,
and those who contended for its fungoid origin had at least some plausible
reasons for their opinion, but it is now clear that the real cause is a sudden
chill when drops of moisture are on the leaves, and that the fungi after-
wards found on the spots are only there because the decaying tissue affords
a suitable nidus for their development. In this respect they differ from the
Vanilla disease, which is a true parasite.

It is interesting in this connection to note that the late Mr. B. S.
Williams always contended that the disease arose from wrong treatment,
and was not infectious. Many years ago he wrote in his Orchid Grower's
Manual—* The spot is the dread of Orchid growers. . . . Some assert
that it is infectious, but this we do not believe. Indeed, we should have no
hesitation in placing a plant infected with spot amongst a quantity of
healthy ones.” He also pointed out that it was seldom troublesome under
proper treatment. And it is further interesting to find that it was Dr.
Lindley who first suggested the cause of the mischief. When at Hoddesdon
two Phaleenopses became affected with spot in the winter, and a leaf was
sent to Dr. Lindley, who replied “ ‘that the plants had been kept too moist
during the cold dark days of winter’—a reply which we have never since lost
sight of. He was quite right, for it was a sharp winter, and these two
plants had been kept wet by placing the bottom of the block in which they
grew in a pan of water to keep off the cockroaches.” Mr. Williams specially
deprecated too much heat and moisture, as “ under such exciting manage-
ment they [the plants] are apt to become spotted and get permanently into
a bad state of health—in short, the least chill, after growing in so high a
temperature, is liable to induce disease.” It is quite clear from these sone
what Mr. Williams thought was the cause of spot, and Mr. aes
experiments not only confirm this opinion, but also show the precise way
in which it is brought about, which is important, and goes far to indicate a
temedy, or, at all events, how to prevent it.

The serious outbreak of Cattleya Fly noted at page 44, tiga aS
allude to, if only to point a moral from the preceding paragraphs. ‘ a
who have it should try to find out all they can about it, for ate a We
Sense in the concluding lines of the article just a" a z yin,
€xperience with the pest, but the remedies suggested on @ eng
Stamping th€ pest out is obviously the proper SS ifone oad dae affected
Set about it. A friend suggests the advisability of burning

68 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

stock and buying more, but, apart from the expense, there is the possibility
that the new stock may also be affected, for it appears that it comes with
imported plants. Better, I think, to try and find out all about its habits,
in which case a remedy would almost certainly suggest itself. An eye
should be kept on newly-imported plants, or those who have hitherto not
been troubled with the pest may suddenly discover it in their collections.

The article on “ Cypripediums with identical names ” (pp. 11 and 37) is
very suggestive, and indicates the growing confusion in the nomenclature
of hybrid Cypripediums, to which I have alluded on more than one
occasion. Mr. Young must have exercised a good deal of patience and
industry in compiling the list, and I rather think that should he undertake
to collect the Cypripediums with identical parentage he will find it a still
greater task, to say nothing of the difficulty our Editor might have in finding
space for it, without displacing more important articles. If it only brought
about a better state of things the space would not be wasted, but the
question is whether those who stand most in need of such an article would
take the trouble to consult it. The one clear thing is that this rapidly growing
confusion ought to be checked.

It is not alone in Cypripedium that many unnecessary names are
continually being given, for I frequently see references to this fact in the
Review. Only last December I noticed that such a well-known plant a
Eulophia guineensis had been re-described under a new name, together
with Catasetum incurvum. In a similar way I see that the well-know?
Lelio-cattleya x elegans has been re-described under at least four different
names, which is suggestive of a great deal. An article on the Manufacture
of Synonyms would be instructive, if not altogether entertaining reading:

I was glad to see the enumeration of Lelia anceps varieties at pages
5° to 53, as it was in one of my first articles that I suggested the -
for such a list. Information of this kind is generally so widely scattered
gree be practically inaccessible, but with the characters of each variety
briefly indicated, and arranged in something like sequence, it wie
future be possible to determine,

pretty nearly, at all events, any doubtful
form.

I hope to see more of such useful lists in the future.

<

Before concluding my present budget, I would allude to the interesting

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 69

“Hybridist’s Notes’? contributed by Mr. Mead. Both the subjects
treated of are important ones, on which further information might profit-
ably be contributed by others who have made experiments. And now
that attention has been specially called to these points, additional obser-
vations are sure to be made. It is very curious to find that the influence
of the pollen parent should be seen at such an early stage as the ripening
of the embryo, though such a thing might perhaps have been expected.
But the subject of hybridisation is:still almost in its infancy.
ARGUS.
BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

In the recently issued Hand List of Orchids cultivated at Kew, it is
remarked that while the collection contains representatives of all the most
beautiful and popular species, it is more particularly rich in others which
at first sight are not particularly attractive, though, on careful examination,
most of them will be found to possess no small degree of charm and
interest. There are many collections in which a few of these so-called
“ Botanical Orchids” are grown, and a few notes respecting those in this
representative collection may, perhaps, serve to draw more attention to a
somewhat neglected but very interesting class of Orchids, many of which
are easily grown, very floriferous, and take up but little space, though they
are often somewhat deficient in the size or colour of the flowers as
compared with their more favoured brethren. Armed with a good magni-
fying glass, however, some of them are found to possess charms quite
unsuspected by the casual observer, and when grown in masses, as these
Plants should be, many of them are very attractive. Perhaps the term
“Botanical” may be held to include all those which for various reasons
are not generally cultivated, and these only it is intended to include. The
usual showy species are, of course, equally well represented. It is hardly
hecessary to add that the plants are open to the inspection of the public
every afternoon in the week, and attract a large number of visitors.

Perhaps the most charming thing noted in walking through the houses
was a pan of Hzmaria Dawsoniana, bearing several of its dainty eens
of white flowers, which are not less beautiful than its elegantly variegated
leaves. Some would deny it a place among botanical Orchids, but I an
it can fairly be admitted. Mazxillaria variabilis, in both its egies
purple varieties, was flowering very freely, also M. ochroleuca er h ag
Porphyrostele, whose names are both equally descriptive of : ot
peculiarities. The dark purple column and light greenish os eases s
the latter afford a curious contrast. Allied to the preceding A cies the Ca zm
diums, of which O. densum and O. confertum are two curious little species
now in flower.

7° THE ORCHID REVIEW.

With few exceptions the species of Pleurothallis can only be termed
botanical Orchids, and here were the curious P. immersa, something like a
small P. Roezlii, but with the peduncle united to the leaf for a considerable
distance, and P. longissima with long racemes of green flowers. Also two
or three species of Stelis, whose flowers are remarkable for closing at various
times of the day or night, and the curious little Scaphosepalum ochthodes,
formerly referred to Masdevallia, were bearing numerous racemes; also
nt li lanoy were the curious R. ophiocephala,
together with R. maculata and R. elegans, the two latter invariably being
attractive.

Of the Dendrobium group may be mentioned the pretty little Australian
D. Kingianum, and the very curious Megaclinium falcatum, while Erias
included E. velutina and E. cristata, the latter bearing two-flowered racemes
of white flowers from the axils of yellow bracts, the lip also being yellow.
Tainia penangiana and T. latifolia were flowering freely, with the Philippine
Pholidota conchoidea. Epidendrum was represented by E. fuscum and E.
Spondiadum, the latter with light purple flowers, and Ponera by the curious
little P. juncifolia. Among Saccolabiums were S. hainanense and S.
M dul while Gomeza was represented by G. crispa. ;
Of Cypripedi may be ioned C. Bulleni Ge Victoria
Mariz, and the interesting natural hybrid C. x siamense, also the Brazilian
lenipedium Sargenti though these are perhaps not more botanical
than some other things not included in these notes, which might have been

considerably extended by the inclusion of plants which are more generally
cultivated. ; f

See eer

CATTLEYA LUEDDEMANNIANA VARIETIES.
THE history of the handsome Cattleya Lueddemanniana was given at
Page 272 of our last volume, and we may now give an account of the
different varieties which have been described, some of which are flowering
at this season.

The first mentioned is the one called C. speciosissima Lowii by Mr. I:
Anderson (Gard. Chron., 1868, p. 404), but the description seems to apply
to an entire importation of thing like a thousand plants brought by
Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. from Venezuela, and thus may be considered to
represent C. Lueddemanniana generally, and not any particular variety:
The description given seems to refer to an average or fairly typical fone
of which a figure is given in Reich

Var. Bt i

(C. sp
Moore in Orch. Alb., VI., t. 261) is a fi

enbachia (ser. 2, I., p. 71, t- 34)+

issima var. Bucl i Will. and T.
ne form, which appeared 10 2
collection of J. Buchanan, Esq., Morningside, Edinburgh. The sepals 4
petals are rosy lilac, the latter being three inches broad, and the front

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7

the lip rich magenta, which extends down the centre of the disc as a broad
band between the two light yellow blotches. Thus it approaches the
typical form very nearly.

Var. Regina (C. speciosissima Regina, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1884, i.,
Pp. 372) is a very large form, which appeared in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, and is described as having the ovary,
column, sepals and petals of a rich purple colour, while the lip is deep
mauve with the usual yellow spots. Reichenbach described it as one of the
grandest Cattleyas ever seen.

Var. Malouana (C. speciosissima var. Malouana, Lind. in Lindenia, I.,
Pp. p. 99, t- 47) appeared in the establishment Compagnie Continental
d’'Horticulture, of Brussels, and has rosy magenta flowers, with the front of
the lip somewhat spotted with a darker tint, and the disc similarly striated,
almost obliterating the usual yellow blotches.

Var. Ernestii (C. speciosissima var. Ernestii, Will. Orch. Gr. Man., ed. 7,
p- 186) appeared in the collection of T. Statter, Esq., of Whitefield,
Manchester, and has deep magenta flowers, the lip profusely spotted with
deep mauve. Thus it must come rather near the preceding.

Var. splendidissima (C. labiata var. brilliantissima, Gard. World,
I., pp. 569, 570, with fig.) appeared in the collection of W. Lee, Esq., at
Downside, Leatherhead, and has deep rose flowers, with an amethyst-
purple feathered blotch at the apex of the petals, and the front lobe of the
lip maroon-purple. ;

Var. Roeblingiana (Orch. Rev., III., p. 98) appeared in the collection of
C. G. Roebling, Esq., of Trenton, New Jersey- The petals are 24 inches
broad, and light blush pink, with a purple stain along the middle of the
upper half, and the front lobe of the lip rich purple crimson. 3

Var. Schreederiana (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1886, i., P- 554) 1s a most
beautiful form, which appeared in the collection of Baron Schroder, The
Dell, Egham, and may be compared with C. Mossi Reineckeana in point
of colour. The sepals and petals are white, .
lip, but the front lobe is broken up by a number of mauve purple lines,
while the disc is also striped with rosy lilac on the orange-yellow disc ; It
was imported by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., who received a First-class
Certificate for it at the Orchid Conference in 1885-

Var. alba (Orchidophile, 1886, p- 365) is @ © :
flowered in ane pense of M. z Finet, of Argenteuil, France, pSVnE
been imported by M. Godefroy-Lebeuf. It is pure white with the ger
of the usual light yellow disc. It is figured in the Reichenbachia (ser. 2,

- . i from the Royal Horticul

P. 59, t. 74). It received a First-class Certificate i . bce Xe
tural Society on September 6th, 1892, when extinited by WB eer
of Aud i ove pape

also the ground colour of the

harming albino, which

72 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A magnificent flower of the typical form has been sent from the collection
of W. S. M’Millan, Esq., Maghull, near Liverpool, in which the petals are
barely under 3 inches broad, and the rest of the flower equally well developed.
Mr. Robertson, the gardener, writes that the house in which these plants
are grown is 42 feet long by 12 feet broad, and 9 feet high, and that the
plants are suspended in teak baskets in the centre of the house, together
with Cattleya Warscewiczii, Dowiana aurea, Trianz, and Lelio-cattleya
x elegans, and that Cattleya Lueddemanniana is placed nearest to the
ventilators. When the plant starts it grows very rapidly, and flowers as
soon as, or just before, the young bulb is finished. The plants are kept
very dry in the summer and also in winter, but twice a year, in spring and
autumn, a considerable quantity of tree leaves is placed in the house. Lath
roller blinds are used for shading, but a good amount of sun is given. Last
year the plants grew and flowered twice, and this winter they are three
weeks earlier than last, so that a second flowering is again anticipated.
The plants are certainly grown with great success, as the present flower
and two sent last year amply testify. This habit of growing and flowering
occasionally a second time has also been observed elsewhere. It ge
magnificent Cattleya when successfully grown, and deserves more attention.

—

DENDROBIUM SARMENTOSUM.

Tuts pretty little Upper Burmese Dendrobium has now flowered in several
collections, and on February 11th last Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of the
Clapton Nursery, received a Botanical Certificate for it from the Royal
Horticultural Society, under the provisional name of D. fragrans. It 1 *
native of the Shan States, Upper Burma, and is one of those mer
tioned by Mr. R. Moore in his interesting paper on the Orchids of the Sia
States (Supra, III., pp. 169-172) as having been found within about 30 miles
of Lake Inle (L.c., P: 171). It flowered with Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co»
of Southgate, in January, 1895, and shortly afterwards with Mr. J- W.
Moore, of Bradford ; and this year with Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., as above
mentioned, and at Kew. It is allied to D. barbatulum, Lindl., and D:
Fytcheanum, Batem., but in its branching habit reminds one of D.
Falconeri, except that the growths are more erect. The flowers are about
the size of those of D. Fytcheanum, and the sepals, petals, and front Jobe
of the lip are white, and the basal part of the lip very light green with
oN light brown radiating lines on the side lobes. The disc is 1
villose, as in D. barbatulum. The flowers are almost as fragrant as violets

The name is given in allusion to the sarmentose or very twiggy habit.
R. A.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 23

DENDROBIUM FARMERI AND D. PALPEBRZ&.

A Goon deal of uncertainty has been felt as to the limits of the above two
species, and as the latter has again appeared in cultivation during recent
years a few notes about them will probably be interesting.

Dendrobium Farmeri originally flowered with W. F. G. Farmer, Esq.,
of Nonsuch Park, Cheam, Surrey, in March, 1848, when it was exhibited
at the Horticultural Society’s rooms, in Regent Street, and was awarded
a Silver Banksian Medal. It had been received from Dr. McClelland, of
the Calcutta Botanic Garden, in the previous October, as D. densiflorum,
but, proving different, was figured and described by Paxton (Mag. of Bot.,
XVI., p. 241, with plate). Various other figures subsequently appeared,
but for a long time nothing was stated about the habitat, though it is now
known to be a native of the eastern part of the lower Himalayan zone and
the Khasia hills, also in the forests of Moulmein. The stems are quad-
rangular, and the flowers borne in long pendulous racemes, the sepals and
petals being more or less deeply tinged with pink, and the disc of the lip
deep yellow. f

D. Palpebre appeared shortly afterwards, having been received from
Moulmein by Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, who flowered it in November,
1849, and shortly afterwards it was described by Dr. Lindley (Journ. Hort.
Soc., V., p. 33). It was compared with D. densiflorum, but is nearer D.
Farmeri, having similar stems, but the racemes are shorter, the flowers are
a little smaller, the sepals and petals white, and the lip not so broad.
The name was given in allusion to the base of the lip being fringed with
hairs, like eyelashes. It was discovered by Thomas Lobb. In 1860 a
plant which flowered in the houses of MM. Jakob Makoy & Cie, at : Liége,
was figured and described under the name of D. Farmeri var. albiflorum
(E. Morr in Belg. Hort., X., p. 321, t. 21), which apparently belongs to
D. Palpebra. Nothing further was stated as to its origin. Subsequently
it was also figured in Flore des Serves (t. 2,461). In 1868 another plant,
which had been introduced from Moulmein by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co.,
was figured and described under the name of D. Farmeri album (Regel,
Gartenflora, XVIL., p. 321, t. 595), and this is precisely identical with D.
Palpebrz in every respect.

In 1864 a plant flowered at Kew, whic
by the Rev. Mr. Parish, and was described and figured under the name of D.
Farmeri var. aureo-flava. (Hook. Bot. Mag., t- 5451-) Of this Mr. Parish
remarked :—* What if I were to say that Dendrobium Farmeri and D.
chrysotoxum were one and the same? I know both of them extremely
well, having had them growing for three years. There is no mistaking the
two without the flowers. Two days ago, on going down into my garden,

h had been sent from Moulmein

74 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

I was astonished, and could hardly believe my eyes, at seeing a panicle of
the golden flowers of D. chrysotoxum proceeding from the bulbs of D.
Farmeri! the only difference being that the labellum is here rather more
pointed, and not so round as in D. chrysotoxum.” Sir William Hooker
pointed out further that the fringe of the lip was also essentially different
in the two species (and, he might have added, the bracts also), finally
concluding that the new form was quite distinct from D. chrysotoxum, but
only a yellow-flowered variety of D. Farmeri. Although so distinct from
D. Farmeri at the first glance, further examination fails to reveal any other
important difference beyond the colour. Like D. Farmeri, it is a very
handsome plant.
R. A. R.

ed

DENDROBIUM x ROLFEA VAR. CANDIDULUM.

Tue history of Dendrobium x Rolfez and its handsome variety roseum
are given at pages 113 and 114 of our second volume, where also both are
figured. A most beautiful white variety has now appeared in the collection
of T. A. Gledstanes, Esq., Manor House, Gunnersbury, which may bear the
above name. It was obtained as an imported D. nobile, and agrees with
the two above named in having lost the characteristic maroon blotch of D.
nobile, only retaining the crimson-purple radiating lines at the base of the
side lobes, and a paler stain between them. All the rest of the flower is pure
white, with the faintest tint of pale sulphur on the lip. The pseudobulbs
are slightly flattened at the sides. The variety roseum also appeared as aa
imported D. nobile, and presents the same arrangement of colour on the
lip, while the apex is suffused with rose-pink, together with the whole of the
sepals and petals. The original D. x Rolfe, on the contrary, isan artif

hybrid, raised and named by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., who state that D-
primulinum @ and D. nobile g were the parents. It has precisely se
same arrangement of markings at the base of the lip, and the same absencé
of the characteristic maroon blotch, and, from this circumstance, one cannot
avoid the conclusion that the two wild varieties are also hybrids from the
Same two species, which are known to grow together in Sikkim. That ee
are not mere varieties of D. nobile is clear, and the various points of agree
ment between the wild and artificiall

y raised plants are too obvious to be
overlooked.

5; All three are charming little plants, and the present on
Particularly so, on account of its purity of colour. It would be worth we
to make further experiments with these two species, using the choicer
varieties of D. nobile as the parents. Other examples of the wild hybrid
may be anticipated.

R. AB

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 33

CATTLEYA TRIAN4 AND ITS VARIETIES.

We have again received a series of flowers of this very polymorphic
Cattleya, and may attempt to point out their relationship to the numerous
existing varieties, of which we gave a complete account at pp. 114—119 of
our last volume. The majority have flowered out of recent importations,
and may not be absolutely identical with the forms previously named,
but at all events they closely resemble them, so far as the descriptions
enable us to judge. It is hardly necessary to add that this Cattleya is one
of the most useful plants flowering at this season, as it is represented in
almost every collection, and frequently in numerous forms.

Three forms from the collection of E. A. Bevers, Esq.. of Oxford, may
first be mentioned. Var. tricolor has the front lobe of the lip crimson-purple,
the disc yellow, and the rest of the flower white. Var. Io has the sepals and
petals deep blush, with purplish-rose lip, which becomes decidedly paler at
the undulate margin. Var. delicata is well known as having uniformly light
blush flowers, except for the yellow disc.

From the collection of John Powers, Esq., Swanswell, Coventry, comes
a form responding to var. Backhouseana. The sepals and petals are light
blush pink, and the latter have each a crimson-purple somewhat flamed
blotch at the tip. The front of the lip is also crimson-purple.

Three other fine forms have been sent from the collection of John S.
Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Bishops Waltham. One has blush pink sepals
and petals, with the whole of the front lobe of the lip and apex of the side
lobes rich purple-crimson, the throat being of the usual pale colour, with
the yellow disc much reduced. This we should refer to the variety fulgens,
or very near it. Another has sepals and petals blush pink, the latter being
Over 2} inches broad, and the front lobe of the lip rosy magenta, the disc
being slightly veined. It may be referred to var. formosa. The third form
has a remarkably open lip, even to the base, which gives additional
Prominence to the disc, which is yellow with a whitish margin. The front
of the lip is purple-crimson. If the open lip proves constant, we are un-
certain which variety this can be referred to. =

A splendid flower of the beautiful albino, C. T. alba, from the collection
of R. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch, has the petals two inches
broad, and the lip equally well developed; the throat deep yellow, and all
the rest of the flower of the purest white. ; F

A rather small form, with blush segments and the lip very prettily
coloured, comes from the collection of R. B. Macbean, Esq., of Lancaster.
A zone of white occurs round the deep yellow disc and inside the narrow
Pink margin of the side lobes, while the front lobe is purple-crimson. It is
Probably not yet fully developed.

76 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTICE OF BOOK.

Hand-List of Orchids cultivated in the Royal Gardens, Kew. London,
Printed for Her Majesty’s Stationery Office by Eyre and Spottiswoode,
1896. 12mo., pp. 225.

A series of Hand-lists of plants cultivated at Kew is in course of prepara-

tion, and the last issued is devoted to Orchids. The preface occupies

twelve pages, and the remainder consists of an alphabetical enumeration of
the species, varieties and hybrids in the collection, with the authority,
native country, and as often as possible a reference to a published figure,
for example—AcINETA BaRKERI, Lindl. Mexico, Bot. Mag. t. 4203—and thus
will be very useful to those who are in any way occupied with Orchids.

It is printed on one side of the paper only, and thus space is afforded for

additions, if necessary. The list contains about 200 genera, 1800 species;

and fifty garden hybrids. The preface contains much interesting matter
about the collection, from which the following is extracted.

The collection of Orchids cultivated at Kew is essentially different from
any, at least in this country, in the possession of a private collector, and
perhaps its only rival is that of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin-
Its main object is botanical, and to represent the family Orchide im %
comprehensive a way as possible. The scientific interest attaching t
Orchids is very great. But even as regards form they can only be studied
from dried specimens with great difficulty, and as regards their varied and
remarkable structural arrangements and the striking mechanical contrlv-
ances for cross-fertilisation which they exhibit, they cannot be studied in
the dried state at all. While the Kew collection contains representatives
of all the most beautiful and popular species, it is more particularly rich 0
others which at first sight are not particularly attractive. Most of these;
however, on careful examination will be found to possess no small degree of
charm and interest. ’

Orchids have been continually cultivated at Kew from their earliest
introduction into this country. The varied fortunes which have attend
the collection practically reflect the history of the progress which has bee?
made in the art of growing Orchids under artificial conditions. i

In the first edition of Aiton’s Hortus Kewensis 15 non-British species
are enumerated as cultivated at Kew. Sir J. E. Smith wrote oe Le
have scarcely seen any one species of this genus (Epidendrum), except in ®
dry state, before the year 1787, when E. cochleatum flowered at Kew, ue
was it till October, 1792, that E. fragrans, of Swartz, exhibited its rich and
elegant bloom in the same collection. At present, several species are “ae
seen flowering in the spring and: autu ioned,

, som mn.” In the work just ment
a Srandifolius was figured and described under the name of Limodoru™

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 77

Tankervilliz. A peculiar interest attaches to this plant because it was in
it, and at Kew, that, in 1802, Francis Bauer, who was “ resident draughts-
man for fifty years to the Royal Botanic Garden,” discovered and figured
the “nucleus of the cell,” an all important body, the first description of
which was published by Robert Brown in 1833.

By the time the second edition of the Hortus Kewensis was issued, in
1813, the number of exotic species had grown to 84, belonging to 30 genera,
the majority being epiphytal and natives of the West Indies, a few being
East Indian, South African, and Australian. Roxburgh sent a number of
species from India early in the present century, and of these John Smith
wrote :—‘I found growing in 1822, on a shelf above a flue, against the
back wall in what was then called the propagation house, the Aérides
growing and flowering freely, its roots clinging to the back wall, as also
Saccolabium guttatum. There were also plants of Dendrobium Pierardi
and D. cucullatum flowering freely, which had recently been brought home
from Calcutta by Mr. Pierard.” At this period, with the exceptions above-
mentioned, the Orchids at Kew “were potted in common soil and plunged
to the rim in a tan bed.”

According to John Smith (Records, pp. 229, 230) :—‘* Between the years
1823 and 1825 a considerable number of species were received from
Trinidad, forwarded by Mr. David Lockhart, the Superintendent of the
garden, amongst which were the first plants of Stanhopea insignis, Oncidiam.
Papilio, Lockhartia elegans, Catasetum tridentatum, Ionopsis pallidiflora,
and others, all of which were epiphytal, and many of them being sent grow-
ing on portions of branches as cut from the trees, which, being accompanied
by instructions from Mr. Lockhart as to how they should be treated, led
to the successful cultivation of epiphytal Orchids.” ;

In 1845 the span-roofed house which now forms the east wing of the
Tropical Fern House was erected on the site of an old stove, and ea
William Hooker described it in 1846 as “ occupied with a rich and inestim-
able collection of orchideous plants (of which a great proportion was pre-
sented by Her Most Gracious Majesty).”” This gift was recorded by him in
1844 as the entire and valuable collection of orchideous plants formed at
Woburn Abbey, which, on being offered to her by the present Jaga
Bedford, Her Majesty was graciously pleased to accept pad to send to ah
Royal Gardens at Kew.” Continuing Sir William Hooker's account of the
house :—* the centre is filled with a handsome slate staging so large — oe
admit of a raised walk through the centre, thus enabling the visitor to aa
down upon each side of the house, while over his head, and from the sae
on either hand, are suspended wire baskets filled with tropical ie tes.
+ + . As the house in question opens on to another and cooler stove -
We are enabled to remove the splendid epiphytes when in blossom to a le:

78 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

heated atmosphere, and thus preserve them in beauty for a much longer
time.” .

In 1846 the collection was further “ increased by the noble bequest of
the Rey. J. Clowes, of Broughton Hall, near Manchester, who willed his
splendid collection of Orchidee to the Royal Botanic Garden.” :

According to John Smith (Records, p- 235) ‘in 1848 the number of
species cultivated at Kew amounted to 755, and in 1850 to 830.” By the
same authority it is stated in 1864 to have been 638. Four years later the
Botanical Magazine records about 400, but in 1872 the number of species
and varieties in cultivation was 851, belonging to 138 genera. Since then
the coilection has steadily increased, and in 1891 a list of those which
flowered in the previous year, 766 in number, appeared in the Kew Bulletin.

Speaking of hybridisation it is remarked :—‘ The great range of species
which Kew has at its command suggests attempts of this kind. And in the
genus Disa it has produced crosses which are easy of cultivation and will
probably become popular as ornamental plants.”

LYCASTE x IMSCHOOTIANA.

Tuts handsome hybrid was described at page 8 of our first volume, and it
may be remembered that there was some doubt about its parentage. It
was a seedling from Lycaste Skinneri, but Maxillaria nigrescens was said
to be the pollen parent. We, on the other hand, could see no evidence of
this, but found strong indications of the influence of Lycaste cruenta, which
we had no doubt was the other parent. M. Van Imschoot has now written
confirming this opinion by documentary evidence. He has discovered
among his records that both the above named crosses were made, but that
it was the cross with L. cruenta from which L. x Imschootiana was
obtained, not fromthe other, as wasat first thought. This is very satisfactory
from every point of view. M. Van Imschoot sends a flower from the
original plant, together with one from another seedling out of the same
S$ decidedly larger and paler flowers. The sepals of the
© nearly 24 inches long by over an inch broad, while the
-inch longer and proportionately broader. The ground colour
cream colour instead of light yellow, and the purple-red dots
wded. The latter, which comes a little nearer to L. Skinnet
may be called variety pallida. Both show the most unmistakable evidence
ot the influence of L, cruenta, both in the shape and colour of the lip, and
in the hue of the sepals and petals. They are certainly very handsome.

original one ar
other is half-an
of the latter is
rather less cro

1

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 79

CYPRIPEDIUM NIGRITUM.

SoME time ago Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of Clapton, imported a Cypri-
pedium from Borneo, which they suspected might prove new, as it differed
in the foliage from any of the known species from that island. It has now
flowered, and although quite different from any of the well-known species,
is still probably not new, for there is one B which, though ibed
fourteen years ago, is still practically unknown. The following is the
original description :—* A Bornese introduction of the New Bulb Company,
Lion Walk, Colchester. Leaves like those of Cypripedium virens, light
green, with darker reticulations. The flower comes near to that of Cypri-
pedium barbatum. The colours are those of a very dark variety. The
odd sepal is oblong, acute, not almost circular, thus coming nearer that of
Cypripedium purpuratum. The veins stand much nearer to one another.
The petals are much narrower, and the marginal warts stand partly over
the middle to the apex. The equal sepals form a very narrow body. There
are obscure warts on the stalk of the lip. Staminode like that of Cypri-
pedium barbatum, but with intermediate small teeth in front, and longer
angles on each side of the dorsal sinus. Thus it is near Cypripedium
barbatum, but it appears quite distinct.”—Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1882,
li., p. 102.

Whether this plant has anywhere lingered in cultivation is doubtful,
at all events I have never been able to ascertain what it really was, though
I believe that Messrs. Low have now re-introduced it. Their plant, at all
events, has leaves closely resembling those of C. virens; the dorsal sepal
is much smaller than in C. barbatum, with which the species can perhaps
best be compared; the petals are much narrower, and the warts exterid
nearly to the apex; and, lastly, the staminode agrees fairly well with the
above description. There are one or two discrepancies, but these may be
more apparent than real, for it frequently happens that the first flowers
Produced after importation are somewhat abnormal, and it is most unlikely
that there should be in Borneo two different species each possessing the
characters above pointed out. We have here another example of the
difficulty of identifying a species from an imperfect description, when the
original specimen is carefully hidden away so that no one can possibly refer
toit. Ifthere should be any one who saw the original C. nigritum, or who
knows of any existing plant, I hope they will help to clear the matter up,
for under the circumstances the above identification can only be a pro-
visional one, and there is another curious form in cultivation rather near
G: barbatum, but with a very narrow dorsal sepal, which was at first pers
to be abnormal, and of which no one seems to know the native country. It
is tobe hoped that materials will in time be forthcoming to settle these

80 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

doubtful points. In colour, Messrs. Low’s plant much resembles G
barbatum, but is not equal to it in point of beauty. aa

—

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

» fap in|

SINCE my last notes were written things have come on’ very he
to the genial weather, and a host of beautiful Orchids are ee former in
Cattleyas Trianz and Percivaliana have been’ very cue t. Aen
several light and dark varieties, and the supply is not over oe nodal
Lueddemanniana has now come out, and some fine trusses Z ia now in
glossa, which is a noble plant when well grown. The — es d. Phale.
flower are L. harpophylla and L. glauca, and both “are very go sar _
nopsis Schilleriana, P, Aphrodite, and P. Stuartiana are as a
they always are at this season, and the former, especially, is a de several

The Dendrobiums are now making the greatest show, yi: “ta 3 num, D.
forms of D, nobile, some magnificent Wardianums, D. Find a .
luteolum, D, Hildebrandii, and among hybrids D. X sie ee
ianum, x Cassiope, and x chrysodiscus, are now the me Lemoniaes
pans of Coelogyne cristata, with its beautiful varieties alba = rth growing
form a charming trio. 1 cannot imagine an Orchid better ie pa
than this, for it gives very little trouble compared with the disp a time of
at this season. Ada aurantiaca invariably blooms well about t a of its
year, and is a plant which everyone should possess, on eee
unusualcolour. Oncidium splendidum, O. tigrinum, and Lycaste mi pre
are also flowering well. No one who has a warm house, or aes ane
stove, should be without some plants of the good old Phaius oo nae
which never fails to throw up some fine spikes every season, and w
grown is a really noble plant.

i tted
P. maculatus, too, on account of its Spe
leaves, is worth growing,

and is now in flower. Aérides Vandarum
Saccolabium bellinum are also too good to be overlooked just a forms
The Odontoglossums are coming on well, and include some ca hybrids
of O. crispum and luteopurpureum, O. gloriosum, and the natur. Be
O. X Andersonianum and O. x Wilckeanum, together with ae
Mexican species, as l , bul ena Cochlioda
pulchellum, and Rossii, the two latter flowering very freely.
Tosea is also very good.
well
number of other brill
that recent acquisi

; . on,
iant things are throwing up strongly, and am!

ill form
tion, Eulophiella Elisabethe, and these wi
matter for future notes,

AMATEUR+

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 81

CATTLEYA TRIANZE ARKLEANA.

THE subject of our present illustration (Fig. 5) is the beautiful Cattleya
Trianz Arkleana, which was described at page 103 of our last volume. As
there pointed out, it flowered in the collection of John W. Arkle, Esq., of
West Derby, Liverpool, from an imported plant, and proved quite excep-
tional in its brilliant colour. Its perfect shape and beautifully undulate
petals and lip are seen in the annexed photograph, which was kindly sent
by Mr. Arkle with the original flower, and its dimensions may be inferred
when we state that the petals were fully 2} inches broad. The colour of
the sepals, petals, and base of the lip is beautiful blush pink, and the front

Fig. 5 —CATTLEYA TRIANE ARKLEANA.

i i i > extends rot the
lobe of the lip glowing purple-crimson, which colour extends round
ides i : ely obliterating the

apex of the side lobes and right into the throat, completely obliterating th
yellow blotches so characteristic of this species.

Comparable with the brilliant C. Warscewiczii saturata. :
the same in form and

As regards colour it is

Mr. Arkle now

writes, that the flowers are again expanding and are ei

i r is nporte rom
colour as last year, but, he thinks, a little larger. It was imported &
j leading bulbs, two of which

> ) : up
Popayan, and is a good robust piece, with three
Carry each two flow and the third only one. :
15 -oneratulated on obtaining s¢
Triane Mr. Arkle acquired, and he must be congratulated on obtaini

It was the first Cat

82 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

exceptional a variety, for it is as good in form as it is brilliant in colour.
Last year he obtained a number of others—all imported plants—which
have not turned out quite so well as they should have done, owing, it is
thought, to a spell of warm weather which set in just as they had finished
off their bulbs, when they again started into growth. It is hoped that this
season they will settle down and do better. We do not know if others had
a similar experience with this species last season.

ee

THE HYBRIDIST.
MASDEVALLIA X_ ACIS.

ANOTHER very interesting hybrid Masdevallia, has now been added to the
remarkable series raised by Captain Hincks, of Richmond, Yorks., to
whom we are indebted for a photograph and a two-flowered raceme. It isa
seedling from M. abbreviata, but, unfortunately, there is a little uncertainty
about the other parent, though a glance at the flower shows a multitude of
those remarkable iridescent violet hairs, which can only have come from M.
Veitchiana or some hybrid derived from it. Captain Hincks made two
crosses with M. abbreviata, using the pollen both of M. Veitchiana and Ls
x Chelsoni, and sowed seeds from each cross, but is uncertain from which
the present seedling was derived. _M. x Chelsoni was obtained from M.
amabilis ¢ and M. Veitchiana 3, and we are inclined to think that M. X
Chelsoni rather than M. Veitchiana, was one parent of the present
seedling. This, however, is only because of the small size of the flower of
the present one, for we fail to trace any other direct influence of =
amabilis in it. Further experiments may, perhaps, settle this doubtful point
and the cross with M. Veitchiana, at all events, should be repeated.‘
habit, the plant most resembles M. abbreviata, though the scape is ms
and, at present, only two-flowered. The flowers, too, approach those of
this parent in shape, though modified in size, shape, and. colour. The
sepals are eight to nine lines long, divided to the middle, and the t
about two lines longer still. The sepals inside are strongly suffused with
orange-yellow, very little of which is apparent on the dorsal one, but all
are densely covered with the remarkable iridescent violet hairs %
Veitchiana, while on the inner angles of the lateral ones are the character
istic purple spots of M. abbreviata, but more maroon in colour. The peti
and lip also resemble those of this parent in shape, the former being win
and the latter much spotted with maroon-purple on a yellow ground. i
_ a very Pretty little plant, and remarkable because the parents belong e
Bea see sections of the genus. We believe it is the first. hy
from a species of the Amandz, or M. polysticta group.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 83
MASDEVALLIA X SHUTTRYANA VAR. CHAMBERLAINII.

A very handsome variety of Masdevallia x Shuttryana has been raised
in the collection of the Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., by Mr. Burberry,
of which we have received a flower. The original type, as may be remem-
bered, was obtained by crossing M. caudata Shuttleworthii ¢ and M.
coccinea Harryana g, and flowered in 1892, in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart. The present one is the reverse cross, according to a letter
from Mr. Burberry, and is a great improvement on the original. The
perianth measures 1} inches long, and is divided to the middle, while the
tails are rather longer than this, the dorsal one being 2} inches long. The
flower is about intermediate in shape between the parents, and the colour is
light rose-purple, except on the dorsal sepal, which is whitish yellow, veined
and suffused near the margin with light rose-purple. This organ much
resembles M. caudata in shape, and some minute darker spots on the
lateral sepals show the influence of the same parent. The petals and lip
are intermediate in character. It is a very pretty hybrid, and received an
Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society on February r1th last.

CypRIPEDIUM X LtLoypIa&. ‘

This is an interesting little hybrid raised in the establishment of Messrs.
F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, from Cypripedium Godefroye ? and C.
venustum 3, of which we have received a flower from the collection of
R. H. Measures, Esq., The Woodlands, Streatham. The vegetative organs
we have not seen. The flower is quite intermediate in shape, though on
the whole it most resembles the mother plant. The dorsal sepal is ovate,
acute, concave, over 1} inches long, and with about nineteen light green
lines on a pale whitish ground, and a few traces of purple spots on the
nerves. Petals oblong, 2 inches long by ten lines broad; the ground colour
Pale yellowish white with a few dull purple blotches and many nae
Spots, mostly on the nerves, and in some cases slightly suffused. Lip
oblong, equalling the petals, and whitish yellow with greenish yellow
nerves, except round the mouth, where they are dull purple. Staminode
Teniform, apex obscurely tridentate, colour yellowish, veined and suffused
with dull purple except round the margin. The characters of the pollen
Parent are most strongly represented in the dorsal sepal and in the veining
of the lip. Itisa very distinct little plant.

MasDEVALLIA X_ CURLEI.

A pretty hybrid raised in the collection of A. Curle, Esq., Pi verge
Melrose, N.B., from M. macrura 9 and M. tovarensis ¢. The leaf an
Scape most resemble the seed parent ; the latter is ro inches long, ne so
one or two nearly white flowers, with a few minute purple dots on the mY
a slight blush tint at the back, and pale greenish tails. The column, lip,

84 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and bases of the petals show some purple spots and stripes, as in the seed
parent, whose influence is less aparent in the flower than in the vegetative
organs.—O’ Brien in Gard. Chron., Jan. 11, p. 40.

CALANTHE ROSEA AND C. RUBENS.

SomE interesting facts respecting these two species have come to light in
a series of plants which have recently flowered in the collection of
A. Worsley, Esq., of Isleworth. A batch of imported bulbs was offered
for sale at one of the auction rooms, and was purchased by Mr. Worsley.
A number of them began to push up spikes, and on flowering, proved to be
the well-known old C. rosea, to which it was then thought all belonged.
Other plants pushed up later, and these proved to belong to C. rubens,a
species of comparatively recent origin. An interval of over a month
elapsed between the flowering of the two species, which are so much alike
that until the very different flowers appeared no difference was observed.
C. rubens is a native of the Langkawi Islands, lying off the west coast of
the Malay Peninsula, whence also Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. have obtained
C. rosea, and these facts probably serve to fix the origin of the batch of
bulbs obtained by Mr. Worsley. Of course the two species are thoroughly
distinct, for C. rosea has an entire lip, while in C. rubens that organ
strongly four-lobed, as in C. vestita; and both are charming little plants
when well grown,

C. rosea was first discovered by Thomas Lobb, near Moulmein, and
flowered with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons in December, 1851, being
originally described and figured by Dr. Lindley, under the name of
Limatodes rosea (Paxt. Fl, Gard., III, p. 55, t. 81). The Rev. Mr. Parish
also found it in the same locality, and sent plants to Messrs. Hugh
Low & Co., one of which was figured in the Botanical Magazine (t- 5312):
In 188r it was transferred to Calanthe by Bentham (Journ. Linn. Soc., XVIII.
P- 309), and has tightly been known as C. rosea ever since. I am oe
aware that the Langkawi locality has previously been recorded, but ue
discovery there, at such a distance from the original habitat, is particularly
interesting. ;

C. rubens was described in 1890 by Mr. Ridley (Gard. Chron., 1890, 1»
P- 588) from specimens brought from the Langkawi Islands by Mr. Curtis,
and plants were sent to England, which in due time flowered, and those
which flowered with Mr. Worsley are identical. The plant described by
me in 1892 under the name of Calanthe vestita Fournieri (Gard. Cram
1892, i., p. 488) must also apparently be referred to the same. It cam’
from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, with the record that it had
flowered with M. Fournier, of Marseilles, and had been introduced from

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 85

Borneo, though as to the latter point I am now convinced that some
mistake has been made. I originally pointed out its evident affinity with
C. rubens, which I had not then seen, and now I think the two are
identical. In this case the species is very variable in colour, for there were
two rose-pink forms, one darker pink, one blush, and one pure white, and
the two latter may be termed varieties delicata and alba. The flowers are
smaller than in C. vestita, to which it is nearly allied, though the exact
relation it bears to this and allied forms still remains a little doubtful.

R. A. ROLFE.
Sagat
A TRIMEROUS CYPRIPEDIUM.
A veRY curious flower of Cypripedi x Harrisi sent by Mr.

Steinmetz, of Bruges, is noted in the Gardener's Chronicle for February 22nd
(p. 238). It is described as having three sepals (the two lower ones being
detached one from the other), two lateral petals, and a lip. The column,
which is the most remarkable feature, has three shield-like staminodes,
representing the outer stamens, A 1, A 2, and A 3, of Darwinian notation ;
and three perfect anther-bearing stamens corresponding to the inner row,
viz.,aI,a2,and a3. It is remarkable that all the six stamens should
have been thus developed, as the lip appears to have been of the usual
character, in which case it is difficult to account for the presence of A 2
and A 3 as separate organs. It would be interesting to know whether the
stigma was developed, and whether each stamen was traced to its source.
Abnormal flowers are frequently very instructive, but the condition of the
present one is rather a mystery.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AUREUM.

A Most brilliant variety of Odontoglossum crispum has been sent from
the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, by Mr.
Stevens, which may be referred to the above. The original plant er
exhibited by F. A. Philbrick, Esq., of Bickley, at a meeting of the Roya
Horticultural Society in February, 1884, and received a First-class Aged
cate. It is described as having sepals and petals deep To ai
former being spotted with brown, and the lip yellow, having two —
spots on the anterior part. This practically describes the one now sme
which Mr. Stevens remarks flowered in February, 1883, but he does Pe
remember to have seen it since. Mr. Thompson received an aig :
Merit for one bearing the same name on June rath, 1894, but how = :
differs from the present one we cannot say, aS the point does not appe
have been recorded.

86 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

SEASELL’S PATENT ORCHID BASKET.

IMPROVEMENTS in Orchid baskets now chiefly take the form of arrange-
ments for preventing the water supplied to the plants from running off at
the sides without passing through the compost, and thus failing to do its
proper work. It is partly in order to avoid this that dipping the plants
has been so largely practised, though there is the further reason of wishing
to avoid the dripping of water on to the plants growing beneath, which is
an equally important matter. Some time ago we gave an illustration of the
West Patent Orchid Basket, in which, by an ingenious arrangement of the
top and side bars, the water was deflected inwards, and thus was obliged to
pass through the compost. Messrs. Edward Seasell and Son, of Sheffield,

Fic. 6.—SrasELt’s Patent OrcuHID BASKET.

send us a specimen of their Patent Orchid Basket, in which the same end
1s secured by a different arrangement, namely, of making the top of the
basket out of one solid Piece of teak, in which a large circular saucer
shaped opening is made, something like the rim of a pot. The basket ®
well and substantially made, and the above illustration will give a good idea
of its general character. It is claimed that by its use not only must the
Water thoroughly moisten the compost, but that the four corners being left
ee Prevent the loss of water by too rapid evaporation, while the solid top
Sives entire rigidity to the basket, and also facilitates the potting of the

plants. It received a Certificate of Merit at the Sheffield Chrysanthemum
Show last November.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 87

THE CATTLEYA FLY.
Ix 1890 I got the above fly with some imported Lelia purpurata, and
can feel for anyone who has the pest. _I tried fumigating, lighted candles
at night, cutting off infected pseudobulbs and piercing with a needle where
I saw the young growths had got the grub at work, but found these methods
were of no use whatever. I then let the new pseudobulbs get full grown,
and by drawing a soft hand up and down them could detect where the grub
was located, by feeling a slight and often a decided protuberance on the
pseudobulb. This we cut open with the smallest knife we had, and got out
from one to five grubs, some of which were straw colour and others dark
brown. It is quite easy to find the grubs by this method, without even
looking at the bulbs. | By observation we got to know when to expect the
flies to come out and caught about twenty, and very beautiful they are
when newly out of the bulb; it is long, with a blue body and yellow mark-
ings. If I should get the fly again, I should not wait for its coming out,
but pierce the protuberances with a very fine carpenter's bit, as a knife
makes a rather clumsy looking hole. The time when I got the flies out of
the Lelia purpurata was just after this period, and they come out between
10 and 11 a.m., when the sun is bright and warm.

ByRKLEY GARDENS. James HAMILTON.

DENDROBIUM RUCKERI.

Tuis rare but pretty little Dendrobium is now flowering freely at Kew
from plants recently sent from India, and it is now evident that the locality
originally published is erroneous. _ It originally flowered in the collection of
S. Rucker, Esq., of Wandsworth, in 1843, and was described by Dr.
Lindley (Bot. Reg., XXV., Misc., p- 25); who remarked ‘A Manilla (?) plant
which has lately flowered with Mr. Rucker. It is sweet-scented, handsome,
and distinguished by its clear ankin-coloured flowers, the lip of which is
a little stained with rose-colour.” I diately afterwards it was figured
(Lc. t. 60), when the author added—* We presume it to be one of Mr.
Cumming’s discoveries in the Philippines, although no trace of it is to be
found among his dried specimens.” A drawing from Calcutta, however,
shows it to be a native of the Khasia hills, besides which it has been met
with at Nimbong, in Bhotan, at 4000 feet elevation, by Mr. Lister, which
effectually disposes of Lindley’s doubtful locality. 1

t has the general habit
of D. luteolum, to which it is most allied, but has smaller flowers, with
narrower segments, and the side lobes

of the lip regularly striped with light
reddish brown. The central line of the lip is strongly villose.

It is in-
teresting to be able to clear up its history.

R. A. R

88 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MARCH.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.

TuE temperature for the month should range as follows :—

Tue Coot Housr.—Day, with sun, 60° to 65°; without sun, 55° to 60°;
night, 55°; morning, 50° to 55°.

Tue INTERMEDIATE HousE.—Day, with sun, 70° to 75°; without sun,
65° to 70°; night, 60° to 65°; morning, 58° to 60°.

THE Warm Hovuse.—Day, with sun, 80° to 85°; without sun, 70° to
75°; night, 65° to 70°; morning, 65°.

The days are now lengthening and the light becoming stronger, there-
fore we may gradually increase the supply of water at the roots without so
much fear of bad results following.

Ventilate freely on all suitable occasions, both night and day, more
especially in the Cool departments. Beware, however, of the piercing east
winds, which are panied ti by bright sunshine, running the
thermometer up rapidly, and ofttimes prompting the cultivator to put
on too much air. Rather than do this use the roller blinds, which should
now be in position, and at the same time keep the ventilators closed.

The season of growth is now at hand, and, with more solar warmth, the
plants will soon begin to push out new roots and growth. When this is
seen they may be re-potted or top-dressed. Increase the supply of moisture

tmospherically by th ghly damping down twice daily, morning and
evening. Repotting may now be said to have commenced in earnest ; on
every hand are to be seen plants which require attention, and many others
are hastening on to that goal, therefore it is necessary to be on the alert to
keep pace with the times.

The Anguloas, I see, are pushing forth new growth and flower buds, which
appear simultaneously. If it is necessary to repot them this month is @
good time to do it, for if left until they have passed out of bloom the growth
is far advanced, which renders repotting irksome and dangerous. These
plants grow best in pots, and the compost should consist of two parts of
good lumpy peat to one part of sphagnum moss. After repotting, the plants
should be watered with care, enough being given to keep the compost just
moist, until the roots have commenced to take hold, when they may -
watered more freely, and given occasional doses of weak liquid manure until
the pseudobulbs are matured, when they should be well rested throughout
the winter in the coolest house, well up to the light.

Thunias, too, should now be repotted. They are best grown in pots:
about four strong bulbs to a 32-sized pot. As each bulb will have its old
sel Removed entirely away, it will require to be made firm in its position
by the aid of a stick thrust in the compost, which should be a mixture of

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 89

fibrous peat, loam and silver sand. Let the pots be drained half full with
crocks, and press the compost in moderately firm. Give but very little
water until the new growths are about six inches high, which will tend to
keep the pseudobulbs dwarf, and generally ensures free blooming. After
this water may be given with greater freedom, with a little weak manure
water occasionally. Let Thunias be grown in the full sun, in such a house
as the Mexican or Cattleya house, or they will also grow well and strong in
the warmest house, but they are not quite so reliable to flower.

An eye should be given to the Habenarias, which have been enjoying a
rest; they will soon now push new growth from the crowns, and when this
is seen to be taking place they should be repotted. They are best and
most successfully managed if grown singly in small pots, a large 60 being
big enough for one large tuber. Let the crown of the tuber be level with
the rim of the pot, and let the pot also be filled up level to its rim with
broken crocks, peat, and sphagnum moss; water carefully at first, and place
the plants well up to the light in a warm genial house, such as would suit
Dendrobes that are just starting. As time and growth advances so will the
plants delight in a larger supply of water.

Bolleas, Pescatoreas, Stenias, Warscewiczellas, and such like Orchids,
many of which will now be passing out of flower and breaking anew to
form fresh growth, should now be attended to and repotted. There are
some very beautiful and most interesting things amongst them, especially
in the two first named genera, but they are not the freest of all to grow, and
hence they have fallen out of cultivation somewhat. To get them to do
well generally requires a little management. The most important point,
however, is to find a suitable position for them, and this must be sought
for in the warmest house—that is, either the East Indian House, or an
ordinary stove—at a part which is rather shady and which keeps pretty
tegular in temperature and is naturally moist. Bright sunshine is harmful,
but they do not require to be kept so heavily shaded as is sometimes
Supposed, especially when their position suits them in other —
They may either be grown in pots or in baskets, and both answer equally
well, though of the two I prefer the former. The pots should be crocked
three-parts their depth with quite clean crocks and charcoal, a stout =
should be fixed firmly in the centre, to which the plant can be made steady
and well elevated above the rim, so that the sphagnum moss—I never use
Peat to these—may be built up conically to its base from where the new
Toots appear. They are fond of a good supply of water when Ae
freely during the summer, but during winter will take much Tess, in fact t ’
Moss may then get quite white and crisp before water is applied. O
Course this last is one of those little matters in which the weather should
be the Principal guide, as with all other Orchids.

go THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The deciduous Calanthes must not be potted up too early. Let the
new growths get an inch or two long first, and that will not be before the
beginning of next month. On the other hand, the evergreen kinds, such
as C. Masuca, C. veratrifolia and others, should either be repotted now or
held over until the flowering season is past—about May or June. These
Orchids grow best if potted up in a good rich compost, such as fibrous loam,
leaf-soil, and lumpy peat mixed together. The pots should be thoroughly
well drained nearly three parts their depth, so that the water—of which
they like a good supply during summer —may pass away quickly from the
roots. Theyvare best grown in intermediate temperature.

There are a number of other Orchids which are best suited with
exactly similar treatment to that which the Dendrobiums best enjoy, and
which have been resting with that genus during the winter in intermediate
temperature ; such will again be moving into active growth and must not
now be neglected. These are the M des, Catasetums, Coryanthes and
Cycnoches. The culture these genera require is nearly identically the
same. They are all most likely to give the best results if grown in baskets
in the Warm house, and in a very light position. The compost should
never be allowed to get sour for want of renewing; certainly two es
should be the outside limit, in fact, I think it is better to make a practice
of giving new sweet materials for the plants to root in annually. Such
would be the best safeguard against their deterioration, which it is well to
avoid, for when this takes place some trouble is experienced before they are
again brought to a sound state of healthy vigorous growth. Employ the
best of fibrous peat and sphagnum moss in equal proportions, and make
quite sure that the plants are tied firmly to sticks, or to the wires of the
baskets, or they shake about when being handled, and the roots are unable
to get a firm hold, which is most undesirable. The above cultural remarks
will also apply to the Chysis, which are just starting to grow and will ae
be showing their flowering spikes. Re-basket the plants after blooming:
Of the pretty blue Acacallis cyanea similar remarks may be made,
and this should now be given new materials. Now is also a good season #0
repot Phaiuses of the grandifolius type, also the Eulophia guineensis- The
compost advised above for the evergreen Calanthes suits them admirably,
and they should be given the warmest house. i

Continue to repot or re-basket any of the Dendrobiums that need it *
Soon as possible after they have passed out of their flowering stage, and
afterwards place them in their Proper growing quarters, where they will be
gradually inured to more warmth and moisture as the spring advances:
D. formosum is a very handsom
the autumn months.

e Orchid, and comes in very useful a
It is not an easy one to keep in good health, es
must have plenty of warmth to do so. It should be grown in small pad

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 91

or baskets, and suspended at the hottest part of the house. It is best to
re-basket, or to pick out the old compost and supply fresh annually, and
this should be done just as the new growths begin to push forth. D.
Lowii, D. Bensonie, D. bigibbum, D. Dearei, D. Maccarthie, D.
macrophyllum, and D. Phalenopsis require similar treatment. A very
pretty and very cool-growing Orchid in flower just now is Odontoglossum
X aspersum. It is a natural hybrid between O. maculatum and O. Rossii.
This hybrid varies very much in detail, like its parents, some forms being
washy in colour, whilst others have a groundwork of a beautiful golden
yellow, blotched and barred with bright chestnut-brown, and these are
great acquisitions to the group.

I mentioned in my last Calendar a few beautiful Oncidiums which love
the temperature of the Cool house. There is another section of the same
genus which I would here mention as doing best in the same department,
supposing one important point be strictly observed, and that is to see they
are kept dry after flowering in the autumn, and throughout the winter
months. I refer to those lovely species which brighten up the house with
their vivid colours in the dull autumn and early winter months, when there
are but few other things in bloom, such as O. Forbesii, O. crispum, O.
varicosum, and its large variety, Rogersii, O. tigrinum, and O.t.
unguiculatum. With the exception of the last two, these are best grown
Suspended, and all during the season before mentioned must be given but
little moisture. They will now, however, begin to grow, and will require
More water, gradually supplied. They are Orchids that do not take well io
toot disturbance, but this must be done about once in two years, sai -
most important their roots should be kept in a sound, healthy condition.
This operation should be done when the new growths are an inch or so

igh.

One of the most useful Ccelogynes is the old and well-known C. cristata,
and it is very easily cultivated. It is best not to pull this Bpeeies about too
much when repotting. Unless the pseudobulbs are growing over the rim
of the pot it will scarcely ever require to be taken out of it, bat simply fill
in any hollow places with fresh peat and moss, without which the _
would in time get loose and shaky, presenting a more or less starv
appearance, and small under-sized growth resulting. It will now soon
have finished flowering and will be starting into growth, and t -
fore the best time to do it up. Coelogynes delight in a liberal supply o
with frequent supplies of weak liquid
manure. After growth is completed they should have a long dry at
throughout the winter months, or they fail to bloom satisfactorily. The
Mexican and Cattleya house temperature is the most suitable foe C. cristata,
4 indeed it is for most of the genus; for instance C. Sanderiana, C.

his is there-

water during the growing season,

92 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Massangeana, C. fuscescens, C. corrugata, C. barbata, C. ocellata and most
others, though C. Dayana, C. speciosa, C. Parishii, C. pandurata, and C.
asperata are the better for a little more warmth.

Be careful still with the watering of all Orchids, especially those kinds
which have for the past few months been quite dormant. Generally
speaking all will require an increase, but it should be very gradual, for until
there is greater activity with the roots and growth, and until we can rely
upon more assistance from the outside conditions of the weather, a little
will still suffice to keep the plants healthy. I have written a good deal
on watering because I am convinced it is a most important subject. I
have attempted to deal with the matter previously so as to enable
readers to form an idea as to the quantity of water required at the various
seasons of growth. But I find it is no easy task to write down instructions
that are not absolutely free from the fault of being liable to be misunderstood
by beginners in Orchid culture. It is one of those lessons which cannot be
taught by theory alone, but requires a certain amount of practice before the
artificial requirements of an Orchid can be known. When once this g
grasped it is soon seen how perfectly simple it is, and the cultivator will
then withhold or apply water without hesitation or delay, whereas previously
he paused in timid doubt, not knowing what was right to do. Like every:
thing else it is so simple to do when one knows. For those who do -
understand, the happy medium policy is the best one to adopt, for
keeping too dry there is a danger of starving, and this is equally as bad as
keeping too wet. I don’t know if I have ever stated exactly my own Prat:
tice in watering, but if not it is through fear of misleading. During the
winter months one day in the week only is here set aside for watering, but
during the summer we allow two days, which are generally Saturday and
Tuesday. Most plants on those days are found to require water, and ne
it without stint ; but of course there are always exceptions. Some
not want it so often, while others require to be examined more frequently:
Lelia crispa (sometimes known as Cattleya crispa) is very similat
in growth to Lelia purpurata, and should be grown with that Spee
having the same treatment in every respect with the exception ©
the time in repotting, as it is much later in making up its growths and :
flowering. The new pseudobulbs are now only half-way advanced to thett
leti it must be about August before they ca? Howey
me for repotting.
will aeog starting to grow- The plants
: e November, in fact the pseudobulbs hae
shrivelled alittle, which is not really desirable, though it cannot be hel
sometimes. Continue to keep them on the dry side until the flowet spikes
appear from the centre of the new growths, which will be shortly,

= 2 1
after which is the best ti
ited. Gs a

have been kept very dry sinc

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 93

afterwards more water should be given. Cattleya Warneri is now well
advanced, and may be watered as soon as it looks dry, but with Warsce-
wiczii, which is just starting to grow, it is different, as it is a shy flower,
and but little water must be given until the new growths are two or three
inches high. C. Gaskelliana is also breaking well and should either be
repotted this month or left over until immediately after flowering. If in
bad condition at the root they would be best done now.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

AERANTHUS GRANDIFLORUS, Lindl.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 30, p. 764, with
fig. ; Orch. Alb., t. 514.

BIFRENARIA TYRIANTHINA, Rchb. f.—Bot. Mag., t. 7461.

CaTTLeya x Mantinu.—Gard. Mag., Feb. 8, p. 83, with fig.

CATTLEYA TRIANH ALBA.—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 6, p. 113, fig. 17-

CypRIPEDIUM X GERTRUDE HoLiincton.—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 2, p.
3, fig. 1.

CyPRIPEDIUM X JAMES BUCKINGHAM.—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 20, p. 159,
fig. 23.

DENDROBIUM LUTEOLUM.—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 13, pp- 142, 143, fig. 21.

LycasTE SMEEANA, Rchb. f.—Orch. Alb., t. 516.

OpontocLossuM cRispuM ASHWORTHIANUM.—Gard. Chron., Feb. 15,
PP. 196, 197, fig. 26.

ODONTOGLOSSUM MAXILLARE.—Gard. Mag., Feb. 22, pp- 116, 117, with
fig. .

OpontTocLossuM SCHLIEPERIANUM FLAVIDUM.—Orch. Alb., t. 515+

RENANTHERA STORIEI, Rchb. f.—Orch. Alb., t- 513-

Vanpa SANDERIANA, Rchb. f.—Garden, Feb. 1, p- 88, with fig.

ZycorETaLuM GauTiERI.—Garden, Feb. 15, p- 118, t. 1053.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE AND ITS VARIETIES.

A SERIEs of beautiful forms of Dendrobium nobile has been sent from the
collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury. Among. those
described at pages 147 to 150 of our last volume may be mentioned the
varieties pulcherri and deri together with four other large
and richly coloured forms, two of which probably come under the head of
D. n. giganteum.

D. n. nobilius, from the collection of W- P- Burkinshaw, Esq., of ae
is a magnificent flower 34 inches across the petals, which latter are tully eA
inch broad. D. n. elegans, from the‘same collection, has the petals as broa

94 > THE ORCHID REVIEW.

but a little shorter. Three or four other large light-coloured forms are also
enclosed, showing that the plants have been very well grown.

A curious form has flowered in the collection of R. Ashworth, Esq.,
Newchurch, near Manch » in which half the flowers have the inner
angles of the lateral sepals stained with maroon. A smaller number on the
same plant have only one sepal so marked, and the remaining fourth are
without these markings at all. It presented the same peculiarity last ya
This lip-like colouration of the lateral sepals is characteristic of the variety
burfordiense, though we believe the peculiarity is constant in that form.

The forms of this popular and useful species are becoming rather
numerous. Some others have been received, but call for no special remark,
being only good average forms.

ae

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

The display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street, vena
February 11th last was a very good one, and above the avenge a
particular season, doubtless owing to the mild weather which prevailed. 3
number of Awards were made, and, singularly enough, two exhibitors bes
received an Award of Merit for the old Cypripedium villosum, which has
previously been overlooked. ‘
The ana Sir Trevor Lawrence, Burford, Dorking (gr. nue hee
staged a choice group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was ee
included a fine basket of the beautiful Dendrobium x burfordiense, cov x
with its pretty rose-tinted flowers, and a splendid specimen 2
Domini 1, Ilia X Fraseri, M. melanopus, Cypripedium Me
aureum, and four others to which Special Awards were given. S 2
specimen of Pleurothallis Roezlii, bearing numerous drooping racemes
large vinous-purple flowers, received a Cultural Commendation, and aes
others each secured an Award of Merit. These were —Masdevalle
Henriette (M. ignea 2 x M. caudata Shuttleworthii ¢ ), with salmon-p™
Owers, veined with a darker tint; Dendrobium x pallens, a fe
delicately-tinted flower, of which D. Findlayanum is said to be one pare?
and Cypripedium villosum, of which some fine examples were shown. .
The Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Moor pee
Birmingham (gr. Mr. Burberry), sent two very interesting hybrids rat sed M
the collection. These were Masdevallia x Shuttryana Chamberlanii (M-
coccinea Harryana 9 x M, caudata Shuttleworthii ), to which an ee
of Merit was given, and Dendrobium x Andromeda (D. x Ainswort!
Leechianum 9 x p, X Cassiope g
flowers tinged with pink, and the dis

. -white
), a very pretty form with cream whi
¢ of the lip purple,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 95

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill) received an
. Award of Merit for a fine plant of Houlletia tigrina bearing two racemes,
one with two, the other with four flowers.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine) showed a
fine Odontogl x And i and the magnificent O. crispum
nobilius, with seventeen beautifully blotched flowers on the spike. It is
one of the best examples of this species ever seen, and deserved the award
made to it of a Silver Flora Medal.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, including Dendrobium
x Dominyanum, D. nobile Ballianum, Saccolabium bellinum, a richly-
coloured Cattleya Trianz, Cypripedium x Pegasus (C. X Leeanum ¢ X
C. X Morganie 3), a very pretty hybrid, C. x Olenus, C. X Leonia,
C. X Calypso superbum, and C. villosum, the latter receiving an Award of
Merit.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, staged a very fine group
of cut Orchids, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. He also sent
plants of Denbrobium x Wardiano-japonicum, and a fine Cypripedium
called C. x Leysenianum (C. barbatum Warnerianum 2 X C. bellatulum
3), one of the numerous forms of C. x Richmanii, to which a special
Vote of Thanks was given.

J. T. Gabriel, Esq., Elmstead, Leigham Park Road, Streatham (gr.
Mr. Guyett), staged a group of finely-flowered specimens of Ccelogyne
cristata, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given.

Frau Ida Brandt, Villa Brandt, Riesbach, Zurich, received an Award of
Merit for a very fine Odontoglossum Rossii rubescens. ‘

A. J. Hollington, Esq., Forty Hill, Enfield (gr. Mr. Ayling), sent three
good Cypripediums, called C. x Mrs. Fred Hardy (C. superbiens ? X G.
bellatulum 3), C. x Annie Ayling (C. Curtisii 2 Xx C. concolor ¢) with
Tose-coloured petals densely dotted with dark purple, and C. X James
Buckingham (C. x enfield @ x C. bellatulum 3), a fine rose-purple
flower spotted with chocolate, to which latter an Award of Merit was given.

E. H. Woodall, Esq., St. Nicholas House, Scarborough (gr. Mr.
Hughes), sent a good plant of the pretty orange-red Odontoglossum retusum,
to which a Cultural Commendation was given. :

W. C. Walker, Esq., Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr.
Cragg), sent Dendrobium speciosum, which received a Botanical
Certificate. :

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanical Gardens, Glasnevin, See
ipedium Kl hi and Maxillaria porphyrostele, a Botanical

Certificate being given to the latter.
T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),

Sel

96 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

sent a form of Cypripedium exul, C. x amabile, C. x Bragaianum), and
C. X Jamesonianum (C. Arthurianum ¢ x C. X Leeanum superbum 4).

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged a
very fine group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It included
Ep d x Wallisio-ciliare, some splendid forms of Cattleya Triana,
Saccolabium violaceum Harrisonianum, Phaius Blumei, Dendrobium xX
splendidissimum grandiflorum, D. x Wardiano-japonicum, D. x Cordelia
and D. x C. flavescens, Selenipedium x Dromio (S. x cardinale 2 X
caudatum var. Uropedium 3), Cypripedium x Germinyanum, C. x Io
grande, and C. X Lathamianum ¢.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also received a Silver Flora Medal
for a fine group, including Pescatorea Klabochorum and P. Lehmanni,
Phaiocalanthe x Arnoldi, Phaius x Cooksoni, Dendrobium X Sibyl, D. X
Vannerianum, D. x Curtisii (D. x Cassiope ¢ x D. aureum ¢), D.
Johnsonz, Lelia anceps Schrcederiana, L. a. Sanderiana and L. a
Hollidayana, Lycaste Skinneri alba, Cattleya Trianz alba and others, a
fine Cypripedium x Rothschildi Trichopilia sanguinolenta, Oncidium
cheirophorum, &c.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton Nursery, staged a very pretty group’
including a number of good Phalenopsis Schilleriana and P. Stuartiana,
Cynorchis Lowii, Cymbidium Lowianum, numerous good Cypripedium,
and Dendrobi t (Rolfe), a pretty little species to which a
Botanical Certificate was given under the name of D. fragrans. :

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a good group, in which Cypripediums figured largely,
together with Lalia glauca and the beautiful Pescatorea Lehmanni.

Messrs. Heath & Son, Cheltenham, sent Cattleya Triane Ernesti, and
another brilliant form, Dendrobi indi gigant a very fine
form of Phalzenopsis Schilleriana, and P. x Veitchiana, a most interesting
hybrid between the last-named and P. rosea.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

D. B. R., Liscard. The Odontoglossum is curiously abnormal, and remains 4 ane
doubtful. The Dendrobium may be considered a pale form of D. x Rubens.
J. B., Hessle. Lelia anceps Barkeriana.

H. G., Haslingden, Odontoglossum Rossii, not recognised as a named variety:

A. R. S., Troy. Cypripedium insigne with remarkably marked dorsal sepal, of which
more hereafter,
: : i it
: H. H., Whitby. Cypripedium insigne with very large spots. C. venustum, good but
fairly typical.
. H., California. Will reply as early as possible.
PM. BR. Y., and.others: “Many thanks. | Shall not be lost sight of-

The Amateur Orchid
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THE

‘ORCHID REVIEW:

; Hn Zllustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED: TO “(ORCHIDOLOGY.
; Contents.
PAGE Poe
Notes .. Be as en Dendrobium x Harold, &c. a+ 108
Dies Pendane es ... 109 | Epidendrum x ee and var.
Cattleya Trianz superba ae wae TOE aureum tone
Novelties 3 esp ae ... To2 | Cattleya Fly re bi yi en
3 Restrepia rupee ois me ... Fo2 | Cypripedium Vi ictoria- Mate =a sip
Dendrobium quadrilobum ... ... 102 | An Amateur’s Notes ..- oe «de
s Bulbophyllum longiscay c 102 | Botanical Orchids at Kew - ETE
Lanium subulatum, &c. —... ... 102 | Note on periods of ripening of seed ... 112
Holothrix Johnstoni, &c, ... .. 103 | Seedlings of Dendrobium nobile 10 Se
Galeandra Devoniana ... see a $03 Masdevallia rosea (Fig 7) a Bae
Dendrobiums in season rie ... 104 | Diphyllous Cattleyas .-- «= con
Cypripedium x Lachesis et) 104 | Hybrids of identical parentage oS
3 Nomenclature of hybrid Cypripediums 105 | Cypripediums at Kew oo IS
Be Calendar of Operatic = Apel + 116
Bradshawii =e ae re ... 106 | Orchid Portraits 120
The Hybridist ... ... ¥07 | Orchids at the Regal! Horticultural ‘
~ Dendrobi.m x Kinglno speciosum 107 Society ben
Zygopetalum x Perrenondi .. 2» 107 | Orchids at ancien: oo oo _ nay di
Dendrobium x Wiganiz ... ... 107 | Correspondence, &e. --- me i.

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e' Pee in 1 cultivation, their Origia,

work contains Ge of all the most impo
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NOTES.

meet at the usual hour of 12 o'clock, noon.

ORCHID REVIEW.

“oa meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held during
ril, on the 7th and 2tst respectively, when the Orchid Committee will

Attention has sometimes been called to Cattleyas which open white but

gradually become tinted as the flower becomes older.
— appeared in the collection of R. B. Macbean, Esq., in
last, which, we are informed, opened
a ae every day until it finally reached a decided lav:

ently not an albino, though

before the flower opened.

A flower of the charming little D
a page 211 of our first volume,
ea Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P.
ertilised with the pollen of D. nobile, and well combine:

pee Fi

An example of C.
November

as white as Coelogyne cristata, but

ender tint.

the colouring matter did not develop

described

x

has been sent from the c
It is a seedling from D. Ruckeri

collection of the

s the characters of

t $ ‘
he two parents. Messrs. Pitcher and Manda were the raisers.

Two flowers of a curious Odontoglossum wit

Poona, are sent from the collection of D. B. Rappart,
“4 eshire, which, owing to the peculiarity,
ough they may belong to a hybrid between O.

Was as at first supposed.

developed, but it may behave differently at anot!

The crest of the

oa A very fine flower of Odontoglossum hystrix,
eopurpureum with nearly white ground, originally

cannot be certain!
Hallii and O. cirrhosum, as

h both lip and column
Esq, of Liscard,
ly determined,

lip is only very partially

her time of flowering.

or the Bogota form of O.

described under this

98 THE ORCHID REVIEIWV.

name, comes from the collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch,
measuring 3} inches across the toothed petals. The sepals are wholly
brown except at extreme apex and base, and the petals very heavily marked.

Odontogl x And i from the same collection, is also very
fine, the segments being seven lines broad, and well blotched on a pure
white ground. O. xX Wilckeanum splendens has the segments long and
narrow, and the petals much undulate. The ground colour is white, and the
large blotches deep red-brown.

A large plant of the handsome Arachnanthe Cathcartii is now flowering
in the collection of H. J. Ross, Esq., of Florence, bearing as many as ten
racemes, with numerous flowers open at the same time. It is rare in
cultivation, and does not always succeed as could be wished, but when
grown properly is a very striking object. It has a rather rambling habit.

The remarkable Poggio Gherardo variety of Cypripedium X Dauthieri
in the same collection is also bearing eight flowers, and is really a beautiful
object. The history of this interesting sport is given at page 20 of our
second volume.

A fine flower of Cattleya Trianz delicata has been sent from the collec-
tion of John T. Arkle, Esq., West Derby, Liverpool. It is from a plant
imported a year ago, and the raceme bears three flowers. Another flower
of the beautiful C. T. Arkleana, figured at page 81, is also enclosed, and
shows precisely the same character as last year.

Most forms of the charming little Cypripedium niveum are more OF less
dotted with purple, but a flower sent from the collection of Colonel
Marwood, of Whitby, by Mr. Horner, is an absolute albino, as there is not

a speck of purple anywhere. It was imported about a year ag as C.
concolor.

We have received a splendid inflorescence of twelve flowers of Cattleya
aurantiaca from the collection of E. A. Beveis, Esq., of Oxford, Sa
one of six borne by the plant. The flowers are of the most brilliant
orange-colour, and quite perfect. A complete account of this handsamy
Species is given at pages 83 and g9 of.our last volume. Those who emt
obtain the beautiful natural hybrid Cattleya x guatemalensis hol
this species with C. Skinneri.

Two very good forms of Cattleya Triane come from the same ol
one fairly typical, the other a large delicate blush form, with purplish *
pale margined lip, which may be referred to the variety Io.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 99

A four-flowered raceme of a most beautiful form of Cattleya Schreedere
is sent from the collection of Hamar Bass, Esq., Byrkley, Burton-on-Trent,
by Mr. Hamilton. The flowers are nearly pure white, with just the
faintest trace of delicate blush, and the usual light orange disc. The petals
are 2} inches broad, and the lip beautifully undulate.

Arichly-coloured flower of C. Lueddemanniage isalso sent from the same
collection, which has the peculiarity that the dorsal sepal is completely
united to one of the petals, and yet retains its characteristic texture and
venation. It is probably an accidental malformation.

Among the European terrestrial Orchids in the collection of H. J. Elwes,
Esq., Colesbourne, Gloucestershire, are some good forms of Orchis militaris,
O. longicruris, and Serapias Lingua, of which we have received examples.
They are very pretty little plantsand succeed well, the latter increasing freely.

Some fine flowers of Miltonia Roezlii and its variety alba are also
enclosed, together with the charming little Pleione humilis tricolor, and
Cymbidium madidum with 32 flowers. ;

A distinct and beautiful form of Cattleya Triane not mentioned in
our list at pages 114 and 199 of our last volume is the variety lilacina, now
flowering in the collection of Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham.
The front of the lip is lilac-purple, the disc yellow, and the rest of the
flower pure white.

The middle of March is late for Cypripedium insigne Sandere, yet
we have received a beautiful flower from the collection of E. H. Woodall,
Esq., of Scarborough. We suspect it has been grown very cool. The
flower is of a brilliant clear yellow.

Flowers of the beautiful Cypripedium X Cycnides and CAISC oy eee
Lloyd, noted at p- 304 of our last volume, are again sent from the
collection of R. H. Measures, Esq., of Streatham, to show how different
they are, although both are said to have been derived from C. X
Swanianum and C. bellatulum. Mr. Measures remarks that the former
shows so much of C. barbatum, both in the leaf and flower, that some
doubt must be felt as to the records.

A ion of
A magnificent flower of Lycaste Skinneri comes from the collection

Ea, Beveis, Esq., of Oxford, in which the sepals are 33 inches oC

Over 1% inches broad, and the petals and lip equally well qe yee
Tmer strongly suffused with rose-purple, and the front lobe o'

much blotched with rich crimson.

100 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
DIES ORCHIDIAN/-.

A RATHER interesting question is raised by Mr. James Douglas in the
Gardeners’ Chronicle for February 29th, respecting figures of Orchids.
Speaking of Stanhopezas, at page 264, he remarks :—‘‘ The figure of S.
Haseloviana in the Bot. Mag. for January, has again brought to my mind
an idea which has been there before: whether or not in the production of
these coloured plates it would not be better to have the flowers photo-
graphed in the first place ; and if not the flowers, because they are to be
coloured, certainly the parts of the flower that have not to be coloured, and
the drawing of the plant itself, which is sometimes given. In the plate
alluded to, are the tops of the column and the pollinia in two positions?
I make these comments because I had some excellent photographs from
the Rev. F. D. Horner some three or four years ago of Stanhopea tigrina
flowers, and they certainly were very different from the coloured plates of
long ago, and the modern ones do not seem to be any better.”

I have nothing to say as to the particular plate in question, though
with respect to photographic rep ions generally 1 think there can be
no doubt as to their superior accuracy, as compared with drawings. In
practice, at all events, very few artists succeed in giving the perspective of
the flower and the relative amount of light and shade with anything like
that degree of accuracy seen in an average photograph, and even the
outlines and proportions of the different parts of the flower in many recently
published drawings leave much to be desired. Some time ago friend
brought me three figures from the horticultural journals of a new hybri
Cypripedium, all drawn from the self-same flower (there being but one),
and all were different, both from each other and from a photograph of the
said flower ; indeed, evidence derived from the text was required to show
that ali were intended to represent the same thing.

; . k
Of course my remarks are intended to apply to illustrations 1" blac!

and white, because no process of photographing colours has yet sai
perfected, though some recent experiments have yielded promising pee
How far photographing the plants first and colouring them 7 0
would succeed is perhaps doubtful, though I am_ perfectly certain that 3
camera that was ever made would give representations at all like $f
figures that I could mention, a certain Eulophiella among the a
Process of reproducing colours by photography would revolutions

horticultural works.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. ior

Even in the matter of reproduction in black and white many photo-
graphic illustrations are very imperfect, because of a difficulty inherent to
the process—namely, that ordinary photography does not give different
colours in their proportion as seen by the eye, some coming out too light,
and others too dark. But much of this difficulty can be obviated by the
use of isochromatic plates and coloured screens. Even without these useful
accessories photographic reproductions are generally more recognisable and
more life-like than drawings, and it is interesting to note how rapidly pho-
tography is coming to the front for all purposes where accuracy is of prime
importance. And in this connection I cannot avoid alluding to the valuable
series of photographic ill i which have appeared in the pages of
the Orchid Review, which should convince anyone of the value of the
Process generally.

Two or three times I have had occasion to mention the series of named
hybrids derived from Cypripedium barbatum and C, bellatulum, the last
time as recently as February (pp. 36, 37), and I now see another addition
to the list. Ina report of an exhibit by Sir Trevor Lawrence at the Royal
Horticultural Society’s meeting on roth March last, I read :—“ Among the
Cypripediums, C. x barbato-bellatulum (barbatum Warneri X bellatulum)
was certainly the brightest of the ‘ Charles Richman’ class.” (Gard. a
March 14, p. 337.) This name is given in accordance with the botanical
tule of naming hybrids—at all events with the exception that the name of
the pollen parent is put last in the compound name, instead of first—and
I now hope that this much-named hybrid will be allowed to rest. After
being baptised a few times in Latin, a few more in the vernacular, and now
according to the canons of botanical nomenclature, one feels inclined to ask

—what is i ?
Ss its correct name ARGUS.

ee

CATTLEYA TRIANA SUPERBA. ;

A Very fine form of Cattleya Trianz has been sent from the collection of
D.B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard, Cheshire, in which the petals are four ern
long by over 2% inches broad, and, with the sepals, of a deep rose-pink.
The front lobe of the lip is rich crimson-purple, and the throat deep cage
It is brighter in colour than the type, as well as much larger, and may
called C. T, superba. Some flowers on the same plant which opened '
fortnight earlier are said to have been even larger than the one sent.
small light-coloured form is also sent, from a plant which arrived as a
Seedling on a piece of C. T. alba. It has now flowered for the first time on
@ bulb five inches long. It has not yet properly developed.

102 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOVELTIES.

RESTREPIA SANGUINEA, Rolfe.—A pretty little species allied to R.
pandurata, Rchb. f., but with wholly crimson flowers, except,a small yellow
area at the base of the column and lateral sepals. It was introduced from
Columbia by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, with whom it
flowered in November last.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 44.

DENDROBIUM QUADRILOBUM, Rolfe.—A species of the section Cadetia,
sent to Kew by F. A. Newdigate, Esq., M.P., of Nuneaton, and flowered
in the collection in October last. The leaves are small for the section, and
the flowers large, uniformly pale whitish-green, and with a four-lobed lip,
in allusion to which the name is given. Though received with other
Dendrobiums from Australia, it is suggested as probably a native of New
Guinea, or one of the adjacent islands.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p- 44

BULBOPHYLLUM LONGISCAPUM, Rolfe.—Sent to Kew by Mr. Yeoward,
Curator, Botanical Station, Fiji, in 1891, and flowered in November last.
It is remarkable in having a long scape and short raceme, and a long
attenuated lip. The flowers are light green, except the foot of the column
and the lip, which are red-purple, the latter passing to yellow at the apex—
Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 45.

BULBOPHYLLUM MACROCHILUM, Rolfe.—A Bornean species allied to
the preceding, collected by Dr. Haviland, but not yet in cultivation —P. 4:

BULBOPHYLLUM ATTENUATUM, ROLFE.—Another curious species allied
to the two preceding, introduced from Borneo by Messrs. Linden, Brussels,
who flowered it in October, 1892. The sepals are veined with maroo}
purple on a lighter ground, and the rest of the flower suffused with the same
colour.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 45.

LaNIUM SUBULATUM, Rolfe.—A curious little plant introduced by
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., from the province of Minas Geraes, Brazil. It
differs from the three other species of the genus by its subulate leaves and
smaller flowers, the latter being pale green, with a little suffusion of pink
the sepals.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 46.

EPIDENDRUM ATRORUBENS, Rolfe.—A Mexican species with dark <
purple flowers, belonging to the section Encyclium, and allied to ™
selligerum, Batem, and E. plicatum, Lindl. It flowered with Mess
Linden, Brussels, in October 1892.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p- 44-

SPIRANTHES METALLICA, Rolfe.—A species allied to S. pil
but with the perianth segments only about half the size, and the
peculiar olive-brown or metallic shade, frequently bearing @
smaller spots. It first flowered with Messrs. Veitch in 1882.
are light green, with a whitish lip.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p- 46:

MacopeEs SANDERIANA, Rolfe.—This is the plant described by

cta, Lindl.
leaves of a
number °
The flowers

Dr.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 103

Kranzlin, under the name of A hilus Sanderi but belongs to
another genus. It is allied to M. argyroneura, Rolfe (Hamaria argyroneura,
Miq.), but is very different in the foliage.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 47-

HoLorurix Jounstont, Rolfe—An East Tropical African species,
collected at the Upper Mlanje Plateau, near Zomba, by Sir H. H. Johnston.
It is allied to the South African H. condensata, Sond., but has larger
flowers anda five-lobed lip.—Kew Bulletin, 1896, p. 47.

BULBOPHYLLUM ORTHOGLOssUM, Kranzl.—A species of the Sarcopodium
group, allied to B. mandibulare, Rchb. f., which flowered in the collection
of M. Wendland, at Herrenhausen, Hanover. The flowers are large and
yellowish-green, with numerous brown stripes on the sepals and petals. It
is a native of the island of Sarangui, and was discovered by M. Micholitz,
one of Messrs. Sander’s collectors.—Gard. Chron., March 14, p. 326.

GALEANDRA DEVONIANA.

A pLant of this species, in the collection of H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesbourne,
Gloucestershire, has produced a splendid raceme of ten flowers, which
indicates excellent culture on the part of Mr. Lane, who has charge of it.
Many people find it difficult to grow well—probably through not giving it
proper treatment—but it is a striking plant when it does succeed, and
Schomburgk speaks of the stems as sometimes from five to six feet high.
Some notes on its culture were given at pages 281 and 284 of our last volume,
and Mr. Lane has obligingly sent the following note on his treatment :—
The plant was purchased in flower of Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenham:
in the spring of 1894. It was rested during the summer in the Cattleya
house, and when starting into growth in the autumn was potted in a
mixture of peat, sphagnum, and charcoal, and placed in the East Indian
house in a rather shady position, where it grew strongly and gave us a
Taceme of eleven flowers in the spring of 1895. The same treatment was
given the following season, but the plant is not quite so strong zs spring,
for, as you will see, it has ten flowers only. I think my treatment differs age
that generally recommended in this, that I do not give a large amount ‘et
water during the growing season, as I find the plant makes a small ere
of roots in proportion to the top growth, also as the plant makes its oe
during the dullest months of the year it is never or rarely syringed over-
head, as I think is usually recommended to be done rather heavily. atl
enough water during the resting season to keep the growths seid “i ee
leaves green. As the leaves are developed on the young growths : id
Sradually fall away from the preceding ones. T find the plant yee
Propagated in the same way as Thunias, by cutting old stems up
‘Pieces and laying them on growing sphagnum.

tog THE ORCHID REVIEW.
DENDROBIUMS IN SEASON,

hatinall

D are

Pp the plants of this particular season,
especially the varieties of D. nobile and the numerous beautiful hybrids
partly derived from it, of which we have received numerous examples from
different correspondents.

A series of flowers sent by Mr. James Cypher, of Cheltenham, are
particularly well grown, and include several fine varieties of D. nobile, as
nobilius, splendens, pulcherrimum, Cypheri, pendulum, and Cooksoni, in
the best condition; a magnificent D. Wardianum with petals 1} inches
broad, two forms of D. fimbriatum oculatum, one darker than the other;
together with D. x Ainsworthii, D. x A. roseum, some giant forms of D.
X Leechianum, and D. x Apollo. The course of treatment followed by
Mr. Cypher, by which such splendid results are attained, was detailed at
Pages 53 to 55 of our last volume.

Messrs. Hurst & Son, Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley, send a very fine
flower of D. n. nobilius, from the original form, having short and broad
very dark segments, as figured at t. 214 of the Orchid Album; also D. 0
Cooksoni, D. x Leechianum, and others, together with a good flower of
D. infundibulum.

A very fine Dendrobium Wardianum comes from the collection of O. 0:
Wrigley,’ Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, in which the petals are over 1¥ inches
broad, also D. nobile giganteum, and two very good forms of D.
Phalenopsis, a plant which is always beautiful, though more useful later
the season, when it has fewer rivals. ‘

The delicately-coloured D. nobile Ballianum comes from the collection
of R. Ashworth, Esq., of Newchurch, near Manchester, together with
several others.

A large amount of variation is seen among recent importations of D.
nobile, and many of the forms do not correspond with those already
described, but in order to avoid a multitude of varieties we think that only
the more distinct ones should receive distinguishing varietal names.

CYPRIPEDIUM x LACHESIS.

A Leaf, flower, and photograph of the above hybrid have been received
from the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpooh
together with the following note :—* A flower of Cypripedium X Crosse
in my establishment was crossed by my gardener, Mr. Thos. Poyntz, W"
the pollen of C. x marmorophyllum, in January, 1891. In January» ie
the pod haying ripened, the seed was sown on its own pot. On the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 105

June, 1893, my gardener discovered one seedling only, hidden among the
sphagnum, which had become luxuriant in growth, and to all appearance
the seedling at that time was already several months old. The first flower
was partially open 1st March, 1896.” The flower sent shows distinct
evidence of its parentage ; in general shape, perhaps, being most like C, x
marmorophyllum, while the characters of C. Hookere and C. venustum are
easily traced. It is a bold and well-formed flower, though the colours are
less decided than could be wished. The dorsal sepal is bright green with
about seventeen olive-green lines, and a broad white margin. The petals
are light green at the base and light purple at the apex, the intervening part
being nerved with purple-brown on a lighter ground, and with a very few
purple-brown spots. The lip is veined all over with purple-brown on a
rather lighter ground; and the staminode large, round except at the apex,
and suffused with light purple on a pale ground. All the segments are short
and broad, and of good substance. The leaf is green, and rather obscurely
tessellated. We should suggest crossing it again with some very dark
flower, as C. X Creon or C. X Harrisianum superbum.

ss

NOMENCLATURE OF HYBRID CYPRIPEDIUMS.

THE parentage of Cypripedium X Lachesis (C. X Crossianum ? and AG
X marmorophyllum ¢), suggests an interesting question as to the naming
of certain possible hybrids, as detailed below. Tracing it back to the species
from which it was derived, the parentage may be thus tabulated :—

. (insigne
(x Crossianum ? |venustum g

C. X Lachesis} (Hookere ?
{x marmorophyllum 3 \parbatum 3
From this it will be seen that the component parts of this hy brid ae
tinsigne, } venustum, } Hookere, and } barbatum. Now other hybrids
might easily be raised from the same four species in identical proportions,
as shown in the following table :—

- barbatum ?

x Ashburtonie ? { eieoe sd
eget d (Hookere 2
Xe tyes (venustum $

um ?
x calophyllum ? { eae 3
‘ (Hookere 2
\x Echo 3 linsigne 3
he above instances would, of course,
or C. X Cassiope might be used
dof C. X marmorphyllum

(OVC.

The reverse cross in either of t
Produce seedlings of the same composition,
m place of C. x Atys, C. Xx amethystinum instea

106 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

or C. X Meirax or other barbatum X venustum hybrid in place of C. x
calophyllum.

Query: Should the products of these various crosses be considered
synonymous with C. X Lachesis, varieties of it, or be entitled to entirely
new names ? : REGINALD YOUNG.

[A very curious question is raised in the above note, which it is not easy
to answer absolutely. It has previously been pointed out that certain
definite results might be obtained in different ways, as in the cases above
cited, and bearing in mind the well-known variability of hybrids, especially
of secondary hybrids, it seems quite probable that certain seedlings of the
hypothetical crosses a or b might be more like C. x Lachesis than like
other seedlings out of the self-same capsule; and it is even possible that
they might be so identical as to be indistinguishable from it, and in the
latter case, at all events, a separate name would be meaningless, even in a
florist’s sense. We are inclined to think many secondary hybrids are not
worth naming, and if only those which showed some distinct improvement
on their predecessors were named and recorded these plants might be treated
in the same way as florist’s flowers, which they undoubtedly are. In the
case of crosses between distinct species—primary hybrids—we think every
distinct cross should be recorded, whether an improvement or not, and all
subsequent seedlings should come under the original name, a distinct varietal
name being added where such a course seems desirable. _ If this course were
consistently followed we think the records might be kept free from
much confusion.—Ep.]

~ 2 CS
ODONTOGLOSSUM x ANDERSONIANUM BRADSHAWI.

Tuis striking form was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society®
meeting on March ioth last, by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and has since
passed into the collection of J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate. x
is most allied to the one known as O. x hebrai lineoligerum, but differs
egments

in having the ground colour entirely bright yellow, and all the si
narrower and much acuminate, the lip being 1} inches long, and the sé

two inches. The spots on the lower halves of the sepals and petals ae
humerous, red-brown, and somewhat elongated or line-like, as in the form
above named. It flowered out of a batch of Odontoglossum crispum, bs

is one of the numerous hybrids between that species and O- are
though the characters of the former are less apparent than usu
In shape it bears a remarkable resemblance to O. cirrhosum, W"
however, is a native of Ecuador, far away from where O- crispu™

grows. Itis a very pretty variety. ALR
Rea

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 107
THE HYBRIDIST.

DENDROBIUM X KINGIANO-SPECIOSUM.

AN interesting hybrid was raised some years ago by the late Mr. Spyers,
in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, from D.
speciosum ? and D. Kingianum ¢, and a good plant was exhibited at the
Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on March roth last. Looking at Mr.
Hanson’s book we find the record at p- 198—“ Dendrobium Kingianum-
speciosum (Kingianum ?) White, for Lawrence, Dorking, R.H.S., March
22nd, ‘93.”" How this record was obtained we cannot say—and we fail to
trace it—but in any case it is incorrect. No meeting was held on the date
given, and the record does not tally with one from Mr. White himself, which
accompanied a raceme of flowers, and which was taken from a note book
kept by Mr. Spyers.. The plant distinctly combines the characters of the
two parents, those of D. speciosum being particularly well marked in the
vegetative organs, though the p jobulbs are iderably smaller than in
that species, as would be expected. The racemes are about six to nine inches
long, and bear from nine to twelve flowers, which are white, three-quarters
of an inch long, and borne on longish pedicels. The lip is three-lobed, and
marked all over with light purple spots and streaks, arranged in radiating
lines, the front lobe being very broadly rounded. It is an interesting little
plant, and is apparently very floriferous.

ZYGOPETALUM X PERRENONDI.

This handsome hybrid Zygopetalum was exhibited at the Royal
Horticultural Society’s meeting on March xoth last, by M. A. A. Peeters,
of Brussels. It was obtained from Z. intermedium ¢ and Z. Gautieri 3,
and well combines the characters of the two parents. The sepals and petals
are 1} inches long, and purple-brown in colour, except at the base, which is
light green. The lip is broadly obovate and retuse, slightly longer than the
sepals, 1} inches broad, and wholly suffused with purple, with darker ——
purple radiating nerves, and quite smooth. The crest is whitish is
numerous purple ridges, and the column wholly deep purple. The flowers
are fragrant. It is a richly-coloured and handsome hybrid.

DENDROBIUM X WIGANIE.

A very charming hybrid Dendrobium has been raised in -~ — “
Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, by Mr. os oe :
nobile 9 and D. signatum g, of which we have received the two-flowere
Taceme. The flowers have the general shape of the forme
3t inches across their broadest diameter, but the segmen

, and measure
ts are a little

108 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

narrower, and nearly pure white, with just a trace of very pale sulphur,
except at the tips of the petals, where there is a faint flush of pink. The
lip is more open thanin D. nobile, like the sepals and petals in colour, except
that the area round the disc is pale primrose. The blotch is rather smaller,
and not quite so darkas in D. nobile. All these modifications show the
influence of D. signatum, and as both parents are very floriferous, it is
certainly a very promising thing. The cross was made in March, 1891,
the seed sown in April, 1892, and the flowers now sent are the first ones
produced. This charming little plant is dedicated to Lady Wigan.

DENDROBIUM X HAROLD.

This is a very pretty hybrid raised in the collection of N. C. Cookson,
Esq., Cakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, by Mr. Murray, from Dendrobium
Findlayanum ¢ and D. Linawianum 3. The pedicels are nearly three
inches long, and rosy in the upper part, and the sepals and petals rosy except
near the base, which is paler, and the petals at this part nearly white. The
lip has a pink disc and rose-coloured apex, the remainder being nearly white.
It distinctly combines the characters of the two parents, though those of
D. Linawianum are the best marked throughout. The long pedicels should
make it very handy for cutting.

DENDROBIUM X KENNETH.

This is a very pretty hybrid Dendrobium, raised in the collection of N.
C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, by Mr. Murray, from D.
Bensonz ? and D. Maccarthia g. The sepals and petals are pure white,
nearly two inches long, the former five and the latter seven lines broad,
and the lip 14 inches long by seven lines broad, very acute, and white, with
a large maroon blotch. The cross was made in May, 1889, and the seed
sown in July of the following year. Although the flowers sent are 4 good
deal modified in shape, as compared with D. Bensonz, the influence of
the pollen parent is less apparent than in most cases, but may be traced in
the shape of the sepals and petals. Their colour might at first appear
curious were it not known that the union of purple and yellow often gives
white, as in so many of the forms of D. x Ainsworthii, where the yellow
of D. aureum is invariably lost. The present hybrid is a very charming
hey and received an Award of Merit from the R. H. S. on March roth
ast.

EPIDENDRUM X ELEGANTULUM AND VAR. AUREUM-

Another very handsome hybrid has been raised in the establishment a
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, from Epidendrum Wallisii ? and E. X
Endresio-Wallisii 3, thus being a cross back to one of the parent
of the original hybrid. The result is very interesting. The flowers 4°

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 109

borne in terminal racemes, as in the pollen parent, but are much larger, and
show more of the character of E. Wallisii. The sepals and petals are rich
dark brown, and spotted with dark red-brown, each spot having a narrow
pale ring round it. There is also a small whitish area at the extreme base
of the segments. The lip is white, with a yellow area at the base and a
number of rosy-purple spots. The habit is neat, as in the pollen parent.
The racemes bear three to five flowers. A good plant was exhibited at the
meeting of the R. H. S. on March roth last, and received a First-class
Certificate. It is now in the rich collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart.

Messrs. Veitch now send us flowers of a remarkable variety of the same,
in which the sepals and petals are entirely light yellow, and the disc of the
lip nearly half red-purple, partially arranged in radiating lines. In other
respects it agrees with the type. It is very pretty and strikingly distinct,
and illustrates once more the variability of secondary hybrids.

LL Spgs ates

CATTLEYA FLY.

I THINK your correspondent who wrote in the March number on the
Cattleya fly, has not discovered the true fly or grub. I have, unfortunately,
had a long and bitter experience of both, and have inspected many pupae,
from which my gardener has hatched out the perfect insect. The fly is
small, shining-black, and very hard. I enclose a dead specimen with this
letter. Furthermore, although we have Lzelia purpurata, and other species
growing in the infected Cattleya house, we have never known a single
Lelia to be attacked. It would appear then that there are two distinct
enemies to be dealt with, one ravaging the Cattleyas, and the other the
Leelias. <

We have cut away hundreds of infected growths, fumigated, and tried
every known remedy ; but really we seem almost as far off the end as ever,
while the vitality of the plants has been seriously impaired. I shall buy no
more Cattleyas until all traces of the enemy have vanished.

HERBERT MILLINGTON.
B ia ye
> ae

exactly identical with some previously

[The i i k fly, ae
insect sent is a small black fly: ee ac doobt it is

received from Mr. F. Roeslin, of Tynemouth, and we h
the true Cattleya Fly. The fly alluded to by Mr. Hamilton at ed - ie
found on Lelia purpurata, is evidently something else, but whet! a _
Cause of the mischief, or a parasite on the other, we cannot ay e
tps an who can throw any further light on this matter will not
fail to do so.—Ep.]

110 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
CYPRIPEDIUM x VICTORIA MARIZA.

Tuts curious species was introduced to cultivation soon after C.
Chamberlainianum, to which it is nearly allied, and, indeed, for a time it was
thought probably a variety of it, which, however, appears not to be the
case. It is very similar in habit, but is a more robust grower, with a taller
scape and differently coloured flowers. In both the leaves are oblong, and
obscurely tessellated with two shades of green. The scapes are erect, and
bear numerous broadly oblong, obtuse, conduplicate bracts, which, as well
as the flowers, are developed in succession, the same scape remaining in
flower for a long period, though generally only one or two flowers are
open at the same time. In the present species the dorsal sepal is broadly
elliptical-oblong, an inch long by nearly as broad, and light green with
a cream-yellow margin. The petals are linear-oblong, much twisted,
ciliate, about 1} inches long, and light green suffused near the
margin with very light purple. The lip is oblong, subcompressed
at the sides, 1} inches long, and very light green with a yellowish green
margin, and the staminode ovate-oblong, subobtuse, hairy at the base, and
the colour olive-green. As these characters have proved constant in a
large number of plants it is evident that it must be considered a_ species
distinct from C. Chamberlainianum, though nearly allied. It also isa
native of Sumatra, though from another district, and was introduced by
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans.
R. A. ROLFE-

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

THE additions to my Orchids in flower for the present month number ovel
a score, besides which some of those previously mentioned are still keeping
up a succession of bloom, especially Ccelogyne cristata, Cattleya Trian®:
Odontogl Rossii, Dendrobium nobile, which I consider as among t

t this season
he additions

most valuable Orchids for keeping up a succession of flower a
Dendrobiums just now occupy the first place, and among t
I must enumerate the beautiful D. Devonianum, whose pendulous ston
are literally wreathed with flowers, D. primulinum, moniliforme, i
ferum, Jamesianum, and the beautiful D. x Venus, which I think is Y°
unsurpassed among hybrid Dendrobiums. Cattleya Lawrencean’ bec
put in an appearance, and two or three forms of Masdevallia Chimet@, bs
some plants of Chysis bractescens are now at their best. This, T ee
a very attractive Orchid when well grown, and its flowers are almost *

ivory. make
Eulophiella Elisabethz is now well in flower, and _ will evidently

THE ORCHID REVIEW. mt

a good Orchid for the Warm house, where it succeeds well. It is very
distinct from anything else, and the flowers, though not large, are very
numerous, and last well. Cymbidium eburneum is as good as it always is,
and Maxillaria Sanderiana, Cyrtopodium Andersoni, and Epidendrum
evectum are now flowering well. Angracum citratum is very pretty and
distinct, and the ranks of Odontoglossum are swelled by some good plants
of O.cirrhosum, a very graceful species. Miltonia cuneata, too, is flower-
ing well.

Additions among Cypripediums worth noting are C. hirsutissimum,
exul, concolor and niveum, and these are being followed by several others,
and among them the hardy species C. pubescens, a flower or two of which
are already out. This species is well worth growing in pots, which can be
brought into the house when in flower, as it is so distinct from the tropical
kinds, and, moreover, very handsome.

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

Ove of the most interesting of the numerous botanical Orchids now
flowering at Kew is Bulbopyllum barbigerum, which will doubtless form a
centre of interest for some weeks to come. It is hardly necessary now to
point out how quickly the long hairy lip responds to the slightest breeze,
and pops up and down when the ventilators are open, as if endowed with
mobility on its own account. The sensation a plant of it caused at one of
the Temple shows will long be remembered. A plant of the curious
Australian Dendrobi ifolium is also flowering well, with its pendulous
habit, whip-like leaves, and graceful racemes of white flowers. D. parcum
with braching habit and small yellow-green flowers, and D. secundum with
one-sided racemes of pink flowers, may also be mentioned, while other allied
Plants are Cirrh petal pit and the curious little Trias picta. ‘
There are several Odontoglossums which are only botanical Orchids,
and of these O. ramulosum is bearing a raceme of its small yellow and
brown flowers. The rare Mormodes Hookeri has a raceme of its deep purple
flowers with hairy lip, and Maxillaria Houtteana two or three of its brilliant
ted flowers. Other interesting plants are Hionia polystachya, Lockhartia
elegans, Xylobium corrugatum, Amblost idactylitum Cymbidium
madidum, and Trichocent iq the latter a striking little plant
With iris-like habit and large light yellow flowers spotted with orange.
Holothrix Lindleyana, sometimes known as Tryphia secunda, is a :
little Cape species with erect racemes of small white flowers and deeply
bed lip. Pelexia maculata and P. olivacea are also both now in flower.

pretty

112 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

In the Pleurothallis group may be mentioned the curious Octomeria
juncifolia, Pleurothallis gelida with numerous erect racemes of green flowers,
the curious little Scaphosepalum swertizefolium, also Masdevallia Benedicti
and M. triangularis, both flowering very freely. Some of those mentioned
last month (page 69) are also still in flower, and the above are the principal
additions at the present time.
NOTE ON PERIODS OF RIPENING OF SEED.

Tue following are results frorn a large number of observations, and may be
interesting in connection with Mr. Mead’s notes at page 41. Unless seedlings
have been obtained, it is not right to assume that the seed was either good or
ripe, and the results given here are all taken from cases in which the seed
produced healthy plants :—

Calanthes—4 to 5 months (dozens of examples).

Cattleyas and Lelias—never less that 11 months and up to 16 months (dozens of
examples).

Cypripediums—from 7 to 13 months, but in most cases 10 to 11 (hundreds of examples)
Selenipediums—in all cases a much shorter time than Cypripedi ( f examples)
Dendrobes—from 9 to 17 months, ina usual way 14 to 15 (many scores of examples).
Masdevallias—4 to 7 months (probably 14 dozen of examples).
Odontoglossums—12 to 17 months (two cases only in which plants have been raised):
Phajus—6 to 9 months (several examples). .
From careful observation I am strongly of opinion that the period
necessary to produce fertile seed depends on the period usual with the seed:
bearing parent, and that the pollen parent has little to do with the period
necessary for the seed to ripen.

N. G. COOKsON:
Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne.

oa

SEEDLINGS OF DENDROBIUM NOBILE.

AT page 168 of our last volume a note was given on a batch of seedlings

the collection of N. C. Cookson, Esq., of Wylam-on-Tyne, obtained by
crossing Dendrobium nobile nobilius with the pollen of D. 1. Cookson
From the same seed-pods some good forms of each parent were obtained,
together with a series of forms grading down to ordinary D. nobile. =
of these plants passed into the collection of F. H. Moore, Esq., of Live

and the first flower produced was noted at the same time, though thro
some confusion with the others it was mentioned as an ordinary yerics
D. nobile. This year the plant has produced eight flowers, one of which
again sent, and is almost identical with D. n. Cooksoni, the petals bel
almost metamorphosed into lips as in that. It is very remarkable that sue
a series of forms should have been obtained from the same seed-poe
course they are not hybrids, both parents being forms of D- nobile-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 113

MASDEVALLIA ROSEA.
Our present illustration represents a beautiful specimen of Masdevallia
rosea from the collection of Major General C. B. Lucie-Smith, The Acacias,
Worthing. Some notes on the method of culture employed were given at

page 154 of our second volume, and we may here further remark that during
page 154

-MASDEVALLIA ROSEA.

Fig. 7.

f
the summer months, from the end of May to about the beginning :
October, the cool Orchids are grown in sheltered places in the see or
those loving the most shade being placed in a small court- yard, with the

Ing THE ORCHID REVIEW.

entrance covered by a canvas screen. They are placed on a stage erected
over a border planted with hardy ferns, and are in the most perfect health.
During the rest of the year they are cultivated in a small house, and the
temperature kept rather low, sometimes falling to 40° in winter. These
are the conditions under which the above specimen was grown, and the
photograph indicates very clearly that the treatment is suitable. A plantof
Masdevallia racemosa had also nine growths and 135 leaves. Other plants
which succeed well under this treatment are Epidendrum vitellinum,
Cochlioda Noetzliana, various Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, and Masdevallias,
Cattleya citrina, Ccelogyne cristata, Cypripedium insigne, Vandas ccerulea
and Kimballiana, Sophronitis grandiflora, Lelia majalis, and various others.
The open-air shelters in which these plants are grown are fitted with
skeleton frames on which light canvas shading is stretched, to break the rays
of the sun, and the keen winds when the weather is rough. The results
prove that if care is taken to keep together the species which require similar
treatment, especially with regard to sun and shade, many of the coolest
Orchids will grow and flower abundantly, year after year. Masdevallia
rosea is one of the coolest-growing species in the genus, as it occurs at high
elevations in Ecuador, where the climate is naturally cool. We have
thank the gallant Major for the photograph.
DIPHYLLOUS CATTLEYAS.

In a recent issue of the Orchid Review (vol. III., p. 376), I note that you
think it remarkable that a Cattleya usually producing monophyllous pseudo-
bulbs should at times come two-leaved. We have five cases of this descr
tion here in the Cattleya house, and I have photographed and sent you
prints of two of these, the larger plant being C. Gaskelliana, and the other
C. labiata (vera), Allow me to tender you my hearty appreciation of your
work as demon i i

strated in the Review. Epwarp 0. OSE
South Lancaster, Mass., U.S.A.

[We are much obliged for the photographs, which confirm the observa"
tion that normally monophyllous Cattleyas may occasionally develop ay
leaves—probably a reversion to an ancestral condition. The i,
arose out of a remark at page 268 (respecting the species of the C- got
group)—‘* Pseudobult always phyl * which would have been be :
expressed as—‘‘ Psendobulbs normally monophyllous.” | W hen Mr. F: ad
Moore first called attention to a diphyllous bulb of C. labiata we a y
that he had a plant of the hybrid C. x Victoria-Regina (supra, TI] Pt’
fig. 1), but when he afterwards sent bulb, flower, and photostl ees
immediately saw it to be typical C. labiata. It is quite possible bee

species of the labiata group may occasionally develop diphyllous i
bulbs.—Ep.] i

THE ORCHID REVIEW.
HYBRIDS OF IDENTICAL PARENTAGE.

I guITE agree with “Argus” in his remark that it is time that the too
common practice of giving new names to hybrids of identical parentage
should be checked. The list he suggests would, I am sure, be too long for
reproduction in your pages, and I do not think it would be of any practical
good as a preventative. It seems to me that what has already been done
cannot now be remedied, and it would be useless to point out the names of
those most guilty in this respect. It also seems immaterial whether the
fault has been intentional or simply committed in ignorance. The point
now is, how best to remedy the evil for the future.

It surely would not be asking too much to request the Orchid Committee
to decline to take notice of hybrids presented under new names in all cases
where hybrids of the same parentage have been previously recorded. And
the task of keeping a correct list for reference, showing at a glance whether
a hybrid of such and such a parentage has already been named, should not
be beyond their power. With such a record it would be easy to see what
crosses have been made, and the names given to the production. Editors
of gardening papers might also assist in this work.

I was pleased to note that you have recorded Sander’s hybrid Cypri-
pedium Xx Said Lloyd as C. x Lloydiz. I think there are obvious objections
to naming Orchids after living people, whether ladies or gentlemen, unless
latinised. Leaving out other obvious considerations, there is the possibility
of wishing to add a varietal name, and such additions as expansum, rubrum,
nigrum, &c., &c., would not appear well after the name of a lady.

REGINALD YOUNG.
Sefton Park, Liverpool.

oe ee

CYPRIPEDIUMS AT KEW.

THE following note on the collection of cultivated Cypripediums at Kew
is extracted from a letter published in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for Feb. I sth,
last (page 204). There are sixty species of Cypripedium (including
Selenipedium) in the collection, and, except only the rare C. Fairieanum,
these are all that are known to be in cultivation. Of the hundreds of
hybrids now known (in the list published in the Gardeners’ Chronicle last
year, February 16, p. 199, there are 522 enumerated), only Aaron
Tepresented at Kew. During the winter the more delicate species are ept
in the small private houses, where the conditions are more suitable than be
the large houses to which the public are admitted; but anyone Aion y
interested is permitted to see the plants in the private houses. Of these
fourteen species and seven hybrids are in flower.

116 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR APRIL.
By H. A. BurBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.

THE temperatures given last month should still be maintained. The
weather is ti very changeable and trying this month, which

it hful and ideration in the matter of ventilation,
so that the plants may not receive a sudden check caused by too much cold
air blowing directly upon them ; or, on the other hand, by insufficient air,
shading, or moisture. Shading from bright sunshine must now generally be
adopted for all Orchids except those in the Mexican house. Damping down
should be done twice daily in all departments.

Thrips and Red Spider must be well kept under from the beginning, by
employing remedies already advised. For the former fumigate with XL.
All vapourising insecticide, and for the latter sponge frequently with
Kilm-right, or soft soapy water.

The repotting of any Orchid should be pushed on with when it is seen
to be in the proper condition, which, with but few exceptions, is when new
growth is appearing and new roots are just pushing out. After repotting
always expect the plants to shrivel to some extent, but prevent them from
doing so as much as possible, by giving extra attention in such matters a
protection from the sun, keeping the surroundings moist, and slightly
spraying the surface of the compost and the foliage occasionally, until re-
established.

This is the most suitable time of the whole year to buy newly-imported
plants. If purchased now they start to grow almost immediately, and will
often do as well the first season as others which are quite established.
Cattleya labiata, I see, has again passed under the hammer at Protheroe
& Morris’s in large quantities. When received, they should not be taken
at once into the Cattleya house, for fear of the Cattleya fly, which may be
lurking concealed within the mass of old roots and bulbs. Let all dead
roots and other rubbish be trimmed away, and the remaining foliage and
pseudobulbs washed with a wet sponge ; then, if possible, let them be place
in a house which is being fumigated with XL. All, which will probably kill
any fly that may have escaped. Much of this pest has, I believe, lately
been imported with this particular species. They may afterwards be taken
to the Cattleya house and placed on the stage in an upright position, bse
water should be supplied to the roots—not too frequently at first, in OF :
that they may resuscitate gradually, but surely. Soon the pseudobulbs
will become plump, and directly new growths and roots are appearing they
should be potted up and treated as established plants. The same treatment
should be practised with all other species of Cattleya when newly imported:
and I would advise growers who intend increasing their collections

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 117

with newly-imported plants to do so during the spring or early summer.

An importation of another grand Orchid has, I observe, lately taken
place, in the form of Vanda Hookeriana. This species, like Vanda teres,
which it closely resembles in growth, delights in a moist and sunny part
of the warmest house, near the glass, and copious syringing during the
growing season. Even when inactive in winter it should not be allowed to
become very dry. The base of the stems should be well secured in crocks,
nearly up to the rim of the pot, leaving enough space only for a surfacing
of sphagnum moss, which will soon grow. The long and slender stems
will then require the aid of sticks to support them in an upright position.
Be careful not to deluge too freely when newly imported, until new roots
begin to push, after which the risk of syringing them too often is remote.

A fresh consignment of Vanda ccerulea has also arrived. I would advise
growers against tampering with this—or, indeed, any other species of
Vanda—by cutting away the leafless stems when life remains in the roots
that are still attached. This is sometimes practised in order to bring the
green leaves lower down to the pot, to make what is supposed to be a more
handsome-looking plant. In such a procedure there is no common sense.
The stems and live roots may, however, be sunk in the pot as low as is
possible. I prefer for these Vandas perforated pots; the air then has
access, ina more or less degree, to the roots, which is to some extent
necessary, they having previously been exposed. I also prefer pots of a
rather large size, so that the stem may go to the bottom without crushing.
Fill up the pots with mixed crocks and charcoal broken small, nearly level
with the rim, working them well in between the roots, and then surface
over with a layer of about an inch of sphagnum moss, pressed firmly down.
The roots that are beneath the moss should be kept moderately well
supplied with water. Thus the plants are started, and will do well for a
time. Ultimately they grow taller, and will make a mass of aerial roots,
which cannot be lowered beneath the moss if those already there are still
living ; and it is not good policy to do so. It is at this stage that Vanda
Ceerulea first to deteriorate, and will surely do so if the wants
of these aerial roots are neglected. Place the plants together, so that _
Toots (not the foliage) may be well moistened by syringing them ibs
times daily with tepid rain water. Vanda ccerulea will grow well - .
general Cattleya house conditions during the summer, removing to a little
warmer but well-ventilated house for the winter, when it should also be
kept fairly moist at the roots. : i lea
2 Discs other arrivals I ‘notice the name of Miltonia aaa
is best grown in baskets or pans suspended in a warm house, but w a
do fairly well in i eeete perat The best compost is the ust
fibrous peat and sphagnum moss in equal parts. I would here mention

118 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

that newly-imported Orchids should never be allowed to produce flowers
until they have made new pseudobulbs. If allowed to do so, Cattleyas and
Lelias, Dendrobi Od gl aad others, will occasionally push
a spike immediately they are received, but such spikes should be at once
removed, or the plant will become so weakened as to be almost beyond
recovery.

The deciduous kinds of Calanthes are now at a right stage for re-
potting. They should be done annually without fail. | Having been
kept dry since flowering the new growth will be an inch or so high,
sturdy, and healthy, with plenty of new roots pushing from the base. Let
the compost be three-fourths good turfy loam broken in small pieces, and
the remainder leaf soil and coarse silver sand. The pots should be drained
about half their depth, and not over large, but of a reasonable size in
comparison to the bulb or bulbs which they are intended to hold. They
may either be grown singly, or two or more in one pot; I prefer the
former. They are most likely to grow well and give best results if potted
firmly. Pot to about half an inch below the rim of the pot so as to
facilitate watering. Let the base of the pseudobulb be inserted a little
beneath the surface of the soil, and secure it in its position by a stick
thrust into the soil. The compost, of course, at the time of repotting will
be somewhat moist, and the plants should require no water for about a
week. Afterwards they should be watered about once a week fora few
weeks, after which the supply may be gradually increased as the foliage
becomes stronger and the roots more plentiful. Let Calanthes be grown ™
the warmest house and well up to the light; a shelf is a good position for

them. If the pots are new they should be well soaked in water before
using.

In our Mexican house the repotting, top-dressing, and the putting .
everything straight, is now practically finished, and as a reward the roots
that are pushing forth are seen to delight in the new sweet compost. =
chief aim when repotting is always to get the new roots to enter the
compost as soon as possible after showing, because then not only are they
out of harm’s way, but are capable of rendering much more assistance t?
the plant than when exposed. With a view to attaining this end we
endeavour, if possible, to get the new compost well up to the rhizome of the
last-made pseudobulb, so that at least the newly-made roots of the first
year may enter, and those of the following year or two before the plant '*
again repotted may have a fair chance of doing so. When the plants fs
large specimens this task is not easy of accomplishment, and can only
done at the cost of a good deal of time and patience, for they a
generally to be divided piecemeal and again reformed into 2 CO” a
handsome looking plant, without burying the back pseudobulbs. net

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 119

possibly be avoided. It is against Nature to smother Orchids up by placing
the back pseudobulbs beneath the compost; although I admit at times,
owing to the peculiar formation of the plant, it cannot be altogether
avoided. Avoid it, however, as much as possible, and try to get the
thizome from the oldest to the newest pseudobulb to lie neatly but firmly
upon the surface of the compost. Schomburgkias grow well in this
department.

Lelia superbiens has just passed out of bloom, and is starting to grow,
and should now be repotted if necessary. It should bedone in the samemanner
as Cattleyas or Lelias. Schomburgkia Tibicinis is best managed if grown in
a pan or basket, and suspended. The Barkerias, too, should be suspended
in this sunny house, and must be made firm in their pans with moss, after
which the grower is powerless to train the new roots into the moss, or to
cause the young breaks to appear at the base of the old pseudobulb. They
more frequently come half-way up, and the roots will start from the same
point, pushing straight out into the air; consequently they are very
straggling growers, and all they require is full sunshine close to a ventilator
and abundant syringing when growing two or three times daily. The
flowers of some Barkerias, however well the plants are cultivated, are very
small, and give but a poor return for labour bestowed. The true B.
Lindleyana is the best, and is perhaps the only one that I can recommend
as being really worth growing. It has flower stems only a foot long; the
flowers are brilliant in colour, closely set together, and of good substance,
lasting a long while in perfection. Let no Orchid be passed by during the
potting season if it can be possibly be avoided whose roots are ina badly
decomposing compost. If a doubt should exist it is better to err by doing
it than the reverse, as when repotted we know that the plant is on the right
side, and although a slight check may result it is only for a time, and the
plant will soon recover, and again make good healthy growth. To a
practical grower of course there is no hesitation, a glance at the general
condition of the surface roots, and the colour of the foliage is enough to
show him what is going on beneath. :

Our work here for the present month will principally be amongst the
Cattleyas and Dendrobiums, beginning with the former, and finishing as a
as we possibly can with the latter. Before its expiration most of the
C. Trianze will be finished, also C. Dowiana aurea, C. Bowringiana, oe
Rex, Lelio-cattleya x elegans, and a few others that may be sufficiently
advanced. Always give good drainage. I aman advocate for firm ~i
the compost of peat and sphagnum moss should be worked well . sine
the roots without breaking them, and made firm by pressing It cue en
astick. Firm potting is also best for Dendrobiums. Many of way
grown in shallow pans or baskets, therefore but few crocks are needed.

120 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The very pretty Trichopilia suavis is now producing its flower spikes,
and all the species of this genus, including those formerly called Pilumna,
are best grown in a shady part of the Mexican house, or in the Cattleya
house, and if treated exactly like a Cattleya will grow well, and keep free
from that black disease which often takes them off if kept too wet or cold.
The same conditions are also necessary for Burlingtonias, which should be
grown in baskets near the light, as also should Cattleya citrina. No doubt
this species is best grown on blocks of wood. The best blocks are made of
living apple or pear, or, failing these, plum, whitethorn, the common
dogwood, or maple may be used in a green state. Next in order come
blocks of teak wood, which resists decay and fungus for a long time. If
ordinary deal is used it should be charred before using.

Disas may now be removed to a cool frame facing north, or otherwise
they must have a specially cool place selected for them in the Odonto-
glossum house. They may now be freely supplied with water throughout
the summer, and care must be taken to keep them quite clean and free
from insect pests. I have discontinued growing Vanda Kimballiana in the
Cool house, finding that the Intermediate house temperature suits it better.
It should now be given fresh moss and plenty of moisture. V. Amesiana
will also grow well in the same house. The pretty little orange-coloured
Odontoglossum retusum is now in flower ; also Cochlioda Noetzliana and
C. vulcanica gigantea. We find all these grow thoroughly well in the
coolest house.

Some kinds of Cypripedium, when newly imported, are not So easy to
establish as others. C. Stonei, C. Lowii, C. Haynaldianum, and such-like
species, often give some trouble to keep from dying. They should be kept
well shaded in a fairly moist house. The roots should be moistened occ®
sionally, but water had better be withheld from the leaves for a time. It
is best to set the plants on damp moss, propped upright. T he system af
laying them about on the stages, or suspending them by their heels and
syringing them, is not to be commended. The repotting of the established
plants must be continued as they commence to grow after flowering.
the compost be of good lumpy peat and sphagnum moss, mixing in a =
fibrous loam and silver sand, and pot firmly. Never insert the old ball
roots into the new pot without first freeing them from the old materials.

The disbudding of aerial growths from the pseudobulbs of Dendrobiums
has previously been advised. A question from a correspondent, asking
whether or no they should be removed, reminds me that others may als?
be uncertain in this matter. “Some newly-imported plants of Dendrobint
nobile have broken into growth at many points of the old bulbs, a well
from the base.” Providing a reasonable quantity of growths appear as
the base—and such is mostly the case—those from the top must be remy

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 121

If there is no life at the base, then leave the aerial growths to the number
of one to each pseudobulb. In such a case, however, the plant would be
best simply laid on moss, so that the roots could enter it, and not be potted
up properly until the following year. If the plant is a rarity, these top
growths, when they appear, may be propagated by taking them off when
about two inches long, with a heel of the old pseudobulb attached, and
potted in thumb pots, when they will make nice little pseudobulbs the first
season.
aoa ihad ies Ee

ORCHID PORTRAITS.
CaTTLEYA PERCIVALIANA INGRAM’s VAR—Journ. of Hort., Feb. 27,
pp. 128, 129, fig. 26.

CATTLEYA SCHRG:DERX.—Journ. of Hort., March 12, p. 229, fig. 37-
Cympipium x Low10-EBURNEUM.—Gard. Mag., March 21, p- 199,

with fig. ;

CypripEDIUM MASTERSIANUM.—Gard. Mag., March 14, P- 166, with
fig.

CypRIPEDIUM SANDERIANUM, Rchb. f.—Gard. Chron., March 14, p-
329, fig. 45.

DEnpRosium xX LEECHIANUM.—Journ. of Hort., March 12, p. 229,
fig. 35.

DENDROBIUM WakpIANuM.—Journ. of Hort, March 12, Pp. 237,
fig. 4o.

Diropium paLuposuM, Rchb. f—Bot. Mag., t- 7464-

EpIDENDRUM X ELEGANTULUM.—Journ. of Hort., March 16, p. 251,
fig. 46; Gard. Chron., March 21, p. 361, fig. 49-

MASDEVALLIA X SHUTTRYANA CHAMBERLAIN’S VA
Feb. 29, pp. 262, 263, fig. 36.

ODoNTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM SCHR@DERIANUM
PPp- 150, 151, with fig.

OponTOGLOssuM HARRYANUM~
fig. 36.

OponToGLossuM X WILCKEANUM PITTIANU
PPp- 413, 414, with fig.

PHAlo-cALANTHE X SEDENI ALBIFLORA-

fig. 15. 4
“4 Seisaores FLoRIDA.—Gard. Chron., Feb. 29, PP- 264, 265, fig. 38- :

STANHOPEA OCULATA GUTTULATA.—Gard. Chron., Feb. 29, P- 24,
fig. 37.

ZYGOPETALUM X PERRENONDI-
fig. 50.

r.—Gard. Chron.,
—Gard. Mag., March 7,
—Journ. of Hort., March 12, p- 239,
u.—Gard. World, Feb. 29,

—Journ. of Hort., Jan. 30, Pp-

—Gard. Chron., March 21, P- 367,

122 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was an exceptionally fine display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James-
street, Westminster, on March 1oth, when the Royal Horticultural Society
held its third meeting for the present season, exhibitors to the number of
thirty putting in an appearance.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a particularly fine group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was
given. It included several beautiful Dendrobiums, as D. x Thalia (D. xX
Ainsworthii X D. nobile nobilius), D. x Luna, D. x The Pearl, D. x Euterpe,
D. X melanodiscus, D. X Ainsworthii, D. cruentum, D. nobile, and D. X
Kingiano-speciosum (D. speciosum ? xX D. Kingianum 3) with several
racemes, C. X barbato-bellum (C. barbatum Warneri ? x C. bellatulum ¢)C.
X calloso-bellum, and a very remarkable variety of C. x conco-Lawre
called Janus, in which one petal and half the dorsal sepal were yellow,
while the rest of the flower was purple; C. Rothschildianum, Lalio-
cattleya x Thetis (L.-c. x exoniensis x L. pumila), two plants of the
handsome Cattleya Triane Leeana, Calanthe x Stevensii, a well-flowered
plant of C idium 1 Epidendrum x Endresio-Wallisii,
&c. The following received Special Awards:—Cymbidium x Lowio-
eburneum, said to be the reverse cross of C. x eburneo-Lowianum, First-
class Certificate ; Dendrobium X Clio (D. x splendidissimum grandiflorum
x D. Wardianum), Award of Merit; and Brasso-cattleya x Lindleyana
(Rolfe), a splendid plant with eighteen flowers, Cultural Commendation.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson):
showed a fine group of remarkably well-grown Dendrobi ra which @
Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained the beautiful D. nobile
Amesiz, D. n. nobilius, D. n. Statterianum, and other forms of that spect
the beautiful D. x Rolfee, D. x splendidissimum grandiflorum, and othet
hybrids.

W. Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst (gr. Mr Robbins),
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a neat group of good things, including
the handsome Phaius x Cooksoni, P. x Marthe, Odontoglossum %
Wilckeanum, Calanthe Regnieri, good forms of Cattleya Triane, Coelogyne
cristata Lemoniana, Cypripedium xX Calypso, C. x Creon superbum,
Lelia harpophylla, Dendrobi luteolum, Sophronitis grandiflora,
Cymbidium x eburneo-Lowianum, and others. Odontoglossum crispum
Arthurianum, a very richly blotched form, received a First-class Certificate,
and the pretty little Dendrobium velutinum, a Botanical Certificate.

: Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent
spikes of several magnificent Orchids, and received a Silver Banksia
Medal. It included the magnificent and unique Odontoglossum Pescatore!

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 123

Veitchianum, the handsome O. crispum Rex, a large spike of Odontoglossum
brevifolium, Calanthe x Baron Schréder, a large and very richly-coloured
hybrid, and a form of the same with lighter coloured flowers.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
exhibited a number of beautiful hybrids, to five of which Awards of Merit
were given. These were Lelio-cattleya x Doris, a charming thing
described at page 79 of our second volume, Dendrobium X Doris (1. c. p. 142),
D. X Cassiope virginale, D. x dulce, Oakwood variety (D.aureum ? X D.
Linawianum 3), and D. Kenneth (said to be from D. Bensone ? and D.
Maccarthie g). D. x Harold, a pretty form obtained from D.
Findlayanum ? and D. Linawianum @, was also shown.

Charles Winn, Esq., The Uplands, Selly Hill, Birmingham (gr. Mr.
Armstrong), was awarded a Silver Banksian Medal for an excellent group,
including Dendrobium Wardianum, Upland variety, remarkable for the
unusually large blotches on the lip, a very good Cattleya Triane, and a fine
collection of Dendrobiums, including eight fine forms raised in the collection.

Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), exhibited
Miltonia Roezlii splendens, a very large and richly-coloured form, with
twenty-eight flowers, to which a Cultural Commendation was given. A
good Dendrobium nobile, good plants of Ccelogyne sparsa, the fine
Selenipedium x Perseus superbum, and the pretty hybrid Dendrobium
X Wiganiz (D. nobile ? D. x signatum ¢).

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), received
an Award of Merit for Cattleya Triana Crawshayana, a large and very
tichly-coloured form.

Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazlebourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Masterton),
received a Cultural Commendation for a well-grown pan of Coelogyne
cristata alba.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan), showed
a fine plant of Dendrobium Kingianum, to which both a Botanical Certificate
and a Cultural Commendation were given, also Cyrtopodium punctatum, &e.

J. W. Arkle, Esq., Holly Mount, West Derby, Liverpool, sent a two-
flowered spike of the handsome Cattleya Triane Arkleana (figured at page
81), which, however, was rather past its best. “a

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent the
pretty hybrid Dendrobium x Findlayano-Wardianum ; a promising nine:

C. J. Crossfield, Esq., Gledhill, Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Barkley),
exhibited a beautiful Cattleya Triane alba. i é ‘

C. J. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), sen
Cypripedium x viridiflorum, whose parentage was not recorded. E

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, sent the curious
Oncidium saltabundum.

124 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr.
Chapman), sent Cypripedium xX Winnianum and C. X Wottoni (C.
callosum 2? X C. bellatulum ¢ ).

The Hon. Mrs. Packenham, Fordingbridge (gr. Mr. Church), sent some
good varieties of Cattleya Trianz.

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashtead Park, Epsom, exhibited a small yellow-
flowered Sobralia, since called S.luteolum, Rolfe, a form of Odontoglossum
x Andersonianum, and O. Rossii rubescens. 2

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), sent Cypripediui
x Morganiz from one of the original plants.

G. W. Rowe, Esq., Claremont Drive, Timperley, Cheshire, showed the
beautiful white Dendrobium nobile Amesiz.

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden, sent Dendrobi nobile
Warburtonianum.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a remarkably fine group,
to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It included Dendrobium X
Cybele and D. x C. nobilius, D. x Euryalus, D. x Aineas (D. japonicum
x D. crystallinum ¢), D. atroviolaceum, Cypripedium exul, C. ms
Germinyanum, C. Victoria-Mariz, C. x Winnianum, C. X microchilum, Lalia
harpophylla, and L. glauca, a good Trichopilia suavis, Coelogyne cristata
alba, &c. A First-class Certificate was given to Epidendrum X elegantulum
(E. Wallisii ¢ x E. x Endresio-Wallisii ¢), a handsome hybrid about
intermediate between the two parents, and an Award of Merit to Lalio-
cattleya X Doris var. Xantho, the reversed cross of the original, and mu
lighter in colour.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a group of fine things, ue
which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It included Phaius X Cookson!,
P. x amabilis, P. x Marthe, Spathoglottis Kimballi S. Lobbil;
Lycaste Skinneri leucogl Ang : a quipedale and A. Humbloti,
Odontoglossum Pescatorei, O. x Wilckeanum, O. luteopurpureum, Ceelogyn®
cristata alba, Vanda Bensoni anchorifera, Anguloa uniflora (Syn- Ae ae
magna), Maxillaria sanguinea, and various Dendrobiums and Cypripediums-
The curious little Dendrot gl with sessile heads of light
pink flowers, almost like clover heads, received a Botanical Certificate.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, also received @ pe
Banksian Medal for a fine group, including good forms of Cattleya Toe
Cymbidium Lowianum, several good Dendrobiums, as Devonianum,
ideale, ‘petiillanni,” cret nobile, crassinode, Findlayaauay
superbum, and Phal is, Od i gloriosum, and various forms

of 2 crispum and O. x Andersonianum, Miltonia Roezlii, Cypripedium ‘
Winnianum, C. x T. W. Bond, &c. for @
Mr. J. Cypher, Cheltenham, also received a Silver Banksian Medal

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 125

fine group, in which well-grown Dend as D.
Rubens, D. x nobile Cypheri, and other fine sata of D. nobilej oni bytes
from it. It also contained Epidendrum xanthinum, E. x O’Brienianum,
and its two parents, E. radicans and E. evectum, and some nice plants of
Odontoglossum blandum.

M. A. A. Peeters, Saint Gilles, Bruxelles, sent several very fine things,
including Miltonia x Bleuana, M. X B. nobilior, and the interesting

ipedi x H i virescens, described at page 296 of our last
volume. A First-class Certificate was given to Miltonia Xx Bleuana aurea,
with clear yellow markings at the base of the lip, and an Award of Merit to
the handsome Zygopetalum x Perrenondi (Z. intermedium ¢@ x Z.
Gautieri 3).

Mr. W. Bull, Chelsea, sent Lycaste Skinneri alba with a very large
flower.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, sent a plant of
Catasetum discolor vinosum.

Messrs. John Laing & Sons, of Forest Hill, also included a few Orchids
in a collection of miscellaneous plants.

At the meeting held on March 24th there was again a very brilliant
display, the various groups staged containing numerous examples of
Dendrobium nobile and its varieties and hybrids, many good forms of
Cattleya Triane, and numerous Odontoglossums, especially of the
series of hybrids between O. crispum and O. gloriosum. We must content
ourselves with noticing the more remarkable examples in the various
groups.

F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford),received
a Silver Flora Medal for a brilliant group, consisting largely of well grown
plants of Dendrobium nobile and its varieties and hybrids, a well-flowered
plant of D. x Schneiderianum receiving a Cultural Commendation. D. n.
Ballianum, a fine plant of D. nobile nobilius, and D.n. Amesie deserve ,
special mention ; also a good Odontoglossum x mulus and Cypripedium x
Swinburnei magnificum.

An Award of Merit was given to the magnificent Cattleya Triane
Reine des Belges exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence, who also sent a flower
of Lzlio-cattleya x exoniensis curiously out of season.

A similar Award went to Odontoglossum crispum Evelina, a variety
regularly spotted with red-purple and beautifully undulate, exhibited by
Baron Sir H. Schréder.

= Mason, ms Sey; Yorks, received an Award of Merit for
Od ] Masoni, a very richly coloured form, with

a cems of sixteen flowers, and a similar Award for O. x Humeanum
excellens with very dark sepals. This plant was remarkably well grown,

126 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

bearing a raceme of seven flowers, in recognition of which a Cultural
Commendation was also given. ;

Odontoglossum X Coradinei Rosefield var., from the -collection of
De Barri Crawshay, Esq., also received an Award of Merit. The raceme
bore thirteen fine flowers, three inches in diameter across the petals, the
ground colour being yellow, and the blotches large and few in number,
one only being found on each petal.

Maxillaria lepidota, from the collection of Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., which
received a Botanical Certificate, was a well-grown plant with thirty
flowers. A Cultural Commendation was also given to a remarkable plant
of Odontoglossum crispum, bearing a panicle with ten branches, and an
aggregate of sixty-five flowers. It belongs to the branching type originally
described by Lindley, with rather small white flowers. :

A fine Cattleya was exhibited from the collection of C. Ingram, Esq, of
Godalming, derived from C. Lawrenceanum ¢ and C. Mendelii ¢, and thus
the reverse cross of C. X William Murray, to which, however, it must be
referred.

Several beautiful Dendrobiums came from the collection of N. ©
Cookson, Esq., two of which received Awards of Merit, namely, D. X
Murrayi, described at page 166 of our last volume, and D. x dulce picturatum,
a remarkable form in which the flowers were marbled or variegated through-
out with purple on a lighter ground. D. x Astrea and D. nobile
burfordi were also not, !
: Me

c Stand Hall var., from the collection of

T. Statter, Esq., received an Award of Merit. It is a very dark form,
the dorsal sepal being deep purple brown except the narrow gee
margin.

Odontoglossum x excellens, Rosslyn var., is a large and hand
form, with broad segments, from the collecticn of H. T. Pitt. Esq-, to which
a First-class Certificate was given.

Dendrobium Wardianum grandiflorum, from the collection of John T.
Gabriel, Esq., of Streatham, is a gigantic flower, 4} inches in diameter
across the petals, and the lip 13 inches broad.

We may also mention Cypripedium x Olenus and C. x Wottoni, i
the collection of R. I. Measures, Esq.; Odontoglossum nebulosum from
H. Grinling, Esq., of Stanmore; O. x Andersonianum from J. W- Kitson,
Esq., Elmet Hall, Leeds; Phaius Wallichii Mannii from Pantia Ralli,
Esq.; and a good Dendrobium Xx Ainsworthii from A. Chambers, —_
Dumfries. ‘

The trade collections contained several large and excellent groups» ¥
which most of the plants which flower at this season were well represented:
Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea, staged a very large and showy group, to “

THE ORCHID REVIEW, 127

a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained a fine lot of Odontoglossums,
including Edwardii, Uroskinneri, Rossii, a fine O. X Wilckeanum, good
forms of O. xX Andersonianum, good plants of Trichopilia suavis and
Cypripedium: .exul, C. Charlesworthii, Oncidium sarcodes, Cattleya
Schroder, and a large number of other showy things.

A Silver Flora Medal also went to Messrs. James Veitch & Sons for
an excellent group of fine things, among which we noted Dendrobium
atroviolaceum with four racemes, D. Dearei, a well-flowered D. Devonianum,
a fine Bifrenaria Harrisone, Cypripedi Chamberlaini several fine
forms of Cattleya Triane, Odontoglossum cirrhosum, with a raceme in
which the three expanded flowers had each two sepals and two petals only ;
also a number of their beautiful hybrids. An Award of Merit was given to
Cattleya Schrodere caloglossa, in which the front lobe of the lip bore an
unusually large blotch of rich purple.

Messrs. Charlesworth & -C©o., Heaton, Bradford, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a fine group, containing Od gl issi
Lindeni, Rossii, Pescatorei, Hallii, cirrhosum, and others; Maxillaria
Sanderiana, Oncidium sarcodes, Masdevallia Xx falcata, Cypripedium
villosum aureum, Lycaste Skinneri eximia (a fine flower, with very deep
crimson lip), good forms of Cattleya Triane, &c.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, also exhibited a fine group,
containing the usual showy things, in which we noted Phalznopsis
Sanderiana and P. x intermedia, Cypripedium Victoria-Mariz, Mormodes
tigrinum, Trichopilia suavis, Oncidium Papilio, and numerous good Den-
drobiums, Odontoglossums, Cattleyas, &c.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a group of fine things,
including Anguloa uniflora, Cymbidium Lowianum concolor, the curious
Dendrobi platy very fine forms of Odontoglossum sceptrum and
O. X Wilckeanum, a very good Oncidium spilopterum, good. specimens of

drobi geregat Zygop crinitum, and numerous others.

Mr. H. A. Tracey, Twickenham, exhibited a good Dendrobium Devon-
ianum, with a pseudobulb a yard long, and crowded with flowers; also
Eria confusa and Phalenopsis Stuartiana.

—_

ORCHIDS AT MANCHESTER.

tanic Society of Manchester was held at

Tue Spring Show of the Royal Bo pecially

the Town Hall on March 13th and 14th, when Orchids, und es cls
Dendrobiums, were exhibited in large numbers and in excellent condition,
several well-known exhibitors being represented. We can only afford space
to note a few of the more remarkable exhibits.

128 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A fine group from E. Ashworth, Esq., included a superb Dendrobium x
splendidissimum grandiflorum, which received a Floral Commendation, one
pseudobulb bearing thirty-six flowers. D. x Schneiderianum also was
very fine, as well as Lycaste Skinneri, Cattleya Trianz, and a selection of
Odontoglossums.

The collection from T. Statter, Esq., included a splendid plant of
Dendrobium nobile Amesiz, which received a First-class Certificate, also
various other brilliant Dendrobiums, some good Ccelogyne cristata, a
splendid Cypripedium X southgatense superbum, and the dark C.
hirsutissimum Stand Hall variety.

A group staged by H. Weetman, Esq., of Little Haywood, Stafford,
contained a fine Dendrobi x Domini some fine forms of D. nobile,
some good Odontoglossums, and a_ brilliant example of Oncidium
splendidum.

Mr. Munson exhibited a fine lot of Odontoglossums, including some
good pans of O. Rossii, O. x elegans, O. crispum, Cochlioda vulcanica,
and Platyclinis glumacea.

S. Hinchcliffe, Esq., of Hale, staged a fine group, including some good
plants of Oncidium sarcodes, Cymbidium Lowianum, Odontoglossum
Harryanum, and others, and some good Dendrobiums and Cypripediums.

Mr. J. Robson received a First-class Certificate for a light-coloured
Dendrobium nobile. He also staged some good dark forms, some fine D.
crassinode, Cymbidium eburneum, Phalenopsis Stuartiana, and others.

Mr. James Cypher sent some superb Dendrobiums, Cattleyas Law-

renceana, Triane and Luedd i Cypripedi villosum, Epiden-
drum x O’Brieni ee. thi &e.

Messrs. Heath & Son sent a very fine Dendrobium nobile grandi-
florum, Cypripedium Rothschildi C. x Swint i, C. Argus Moensil,

a fine Cymbidium x Lowio-eburneum with fifteen flowers, some good
Cattleya Triane, &c.

angiigeg ts

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.
G. B., Hamburg. Schomburgkia rosea and Od 1 ae
near Ruckerianum,

T.A., West Derby.—Cattleya Trianz and C. Schreedere, the latter very good.
R. B. McB., Lancaster. A form of Od. 1 x And i with very few spots

7 janum var

contains a large number of choice things, some of which were acquired at the sales of
other noted collections.

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THE

ORCHID REVIEMS

Hn 3Jllustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOTED TO ORCHIDOLOGY

Contents.
PAGE PAGr
An Amateur’s Notes. ... rer mah 138 | Lelia x Latona s+. 150
Botanical Orchids at Kew ‘ re | Lzlio-cattleya x Doris var. vitellina + 149
Calendar of ae siarns for May: .. 150 | Nomenclature of Orchids. By the
Cattleya Fly... <i Sy ry Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P. ... 133
Correspondence, &c. ... ae +. 160 } Notes — «.< etey
Dendrobium Beetle _ ... rhe vac 530, | Ctoniignenie crispum (Fig. 8) eee |
Dendrobium nobile abnormal ... ... 132 | Orchids at Clare Lawn. + 14t
Dies Orchidiane <a aah wis ABQ | Orchids at the Royal Horticalitial
Eriopsis rutidobulbon ... ae --- 143] Society . eae
Figures of Indian Orchids... Fecnkge Orchid blooms at a penny-a-piece .... 140
Hybridist “ vee --- 147 | Orchid-growing by the Artisan ae 143
Phalzenopsis x “Aindine ie :.- 147 | Orchid Portraits he 155
Lacena spectabilis 1 ae ee Ys

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vot. IV.] MAY, 1806. [No. 41.

NOTES.

THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on May 5th, when the Orchid
Committee will meet at the usual hour of 12 o'clock, noon.

The Great Annual Flower Show of the Society will be held in the Inner
Temple Gardens, Thames Embankment, on May 1gth, 20th, and 2rtst,
when the Orchid Committee will meet an hour earlier than usual, namely,
at 11 o’clock a.m. As usual on this occasion, a number of Silver Cups and
Medals will be awarded according to merit.

A-fine richly-coloured flower of Cypripedium x Ledouxiz (described at
page 117 of our first volume) has been sent from the collection of R. le Doux,
Esq., West Derby, Liverpool, and much resembles a fine form of C. x
Creon. Mr. Archer thinks that the record of C. callosum being one parent
is correct, as some of the seedlings show distinct warts on the petals, and
the foliage is about intermediate between that species and C. x Harrisianum.

Referring to Cypripedi with twin-flowered scapes (pp. 1, 66), Mr.
Archer also remarks that it is common in the collection just named, especially
in C. callosum, C. barbatum, C. x Ashburtonz, C. x Louise, C. x
Daviesi and ti C. xX Harrisi

A very curious flower of Cattleya Mendelii has been sent from the
collection of F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey, which has
only two sepals, two alternating petals, and a straight column with two
anthers, which again alternate with the petals, and thus stand opposite the
sepals. The colour is light blush. Every bulb on the plant is said to be
crippled. We suspect that it may be out of the importations alluded to at
page 236 of our last volume.

130 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A remarkable flower of Cattleya Trianze comes from the collection of
W. Thompson, Esq., of Stone, in which the lower edge of each petal is
completely united to the column, and thus forms a lip-like organ above
the ordinary lip and partly within it, giving a most curious appearance to
the flower.

Two flowers of Dendrobium Wardianum come from the collection of
Major-General E. S. Berkeley, of Southampton, in which the petals are
absent, or in reality metamorphosed into anthers, for there are three anthers
side by side on the back of the column. Thus they are in the same condi-
tion as the abnormal flowers of D. nobile mentioned on page 132.

Several fine forms of Dendrobium nobile from imported plants come
from the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., of Hessle, including two
nearly equal to the variety giganteum, and one in which the upper halves of
the sepals and petals, and apex of the lip, are of a peculiar purplish rose,
with a slight flush of salmon colour. It is very distinct and pretty, and
may bear the name of D. n. roseum.

A very pretty form of Cattleya Triane comes from the same collection,
in which the flower is rosy-lilac throughout, except the disc, on which the
yellow is almost entirely confined to the radiating veins.

Several fine Odontoglossums have been sent from the collection of R.
Brooman White, Esq., of Arddarroch, including a heavily-blotched form of
O. crispum, allied to the variety apiatum, O. X Humeanum aspersum, 0. x
Andersonianum lobatum, and O. x A. egregium, the last-named having
the sepals and petals somewhat suffused with purple on a yellow ground,
and heavily spotted with dark brown, giving it a very distinct appearanc®
An exceptionally large form of O. x Andersonianum is also enclosed, which
at first sight might be taken for something else. The shape of the lip,
however, and the arrangement of the column wings and crest, are quite
typical.

eum come

Two fine forms of the variable Od real luteopurp
from the collection of John S. Moss, Esq., Wintershill, Bishop’s Waltham,
one of which has the ground colour of the lip quite white, and the —
and petals extremely dark, the sepals having only a small yellow area at the —
apex and base.

An exceptionally fine flower of Dendrobium nobile Cookson! has we
sent from the collection of Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange, Wilmslow, ight.
is one of 170 borne on a medium-sized plant, forming a magnificent § :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 131

The development of the flower shows that the plant is very vigorous and
well cultivated. A flower of D. Wardianum giganteum, measuring 43 inches
across the very broad petals, and the lip 1} inches broad, and a fine Cattleya
amethystoglossa are also enclosed.

It is interesting to note that the rare Coryanthes Wolfii is also flowering
in the same collection. The history of this plant is given at page 264 of our”
first volume.

A spray of Oncidium ansiferum has been sent from the collection of J.
D. Hodgson, Esq., of Newcastle-on-Tyne. The plant came from Central
America, and is marked by its large oval flattened pseudobulbs, which are
about four inches long. It bears two spikes, each with about forty or fifty
flowers.

An inflorescence of the curious little Australian Dendrobium lingue-
forme has been sent from the collection of W. E. Ledger, Esq., Wilton
Road, Wimbledon. It is a very interesting little plant, with flowers closely
resembling those of D. emulum, but with a totally different leaf, being in
fact oblong, very short and fleshy, and borne solitary on a nearly obsolete
pseudobulb.

A good form of Cattleya Trianz comes from the same collection, the
flower being wholly light rosy lilac, except on the disc, and here the yellow
blotches are replaced by a number of deep yellow nerves.

With reference to the two-flowered scape of Lycaste Skinneri, mentioned
at page 66, Dr. A. W. Hoisholt, of Stockton, California, writes that one has
also appeared in his collection. A photograph of it is also enclosed.

A photograph and flower of a curious Odontoglossum, supposed to be O.
Rossii, is also sent from the same collection. The lip is obtuse, or very
slightly bilobed, and possibly not yet developed, and we should like to see it
at a future time of flowering.

With respect to our note on Odontoglossum crispum aureum at
page 85, Mr. Stevens writes that the reference to a plant of the same
name receiving an Award of Merit on June rath, 1894, is a mistake made in
our report of that meeting (supra, IL., p. 223), the name of the said plant
being O. luteopurpureum sceptrum aureum. Readers would do well to
make the necessary correction.

Several fine flowers of the richly-coloured Cypripedium barbatum

Warneri come from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq-, of Bury.

132 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Mr. Wrigley remarks that they never flowered better than this spring.
A fine flower of C. Lawrenceanum atrorubens, noted at page 128
of our second volume, is also enclosed. It is slightly smaller than
the type, but much darker throughout, the dorsal sepal especially being
very richly coloured. The plant was purchased at the Stand Hall sale,
and originally came from Messrs. Backhouse & Son, of York.

An unusually fine form of Cypripedium niveum has been sent from the
collection of W. H. Lumsden, Esq., of Balmedie, Aberdeen, which measures
3} inches across the petals. The dorsal sepal is nineteen lines broad, and
the petals fourteen lines. It is remarkable for its unusual development,
being typical in other respects, and may bear the name of C. n. majus. e

A peculiar form of Odontoglossum x Coradinei comes from the same

_ collection, in which the yellow ground colour of the sepals and petals is
suffused with a light rosy tint, approaching what is seen in O. X Rucker-
ianum. In other respects it is quite typical. The rosy tint of O. crispum
is generally obliterated in this hybrid, and the present variety may becalled
O. X Coradinei suffusum.

DENDROBIUM NOBILE ABNORMAL.

A LARGE but very curious flower of Dendrobium nobile has flowered in the |
collection of Major-General E. S. Berkeley, of Bitterne, Southampton.
the flowers on the plant are alike, having only four segments, namely, the
lip, the two lateral sepals, and a fourth organ, which occupies the Poe 2
of the dorsal sepal, though it apparently consists of the two petals confluent
in one, as it grows from inside the lateral sepals, and is also much brighter
in colour. Thus the dorsal sepal appears to be absent. The column is well 4
developed, but bears no anther. Whether the peculiarity is constant
remains to be seen. '

One of the flowers on a plant of Dendrobium nobile nobilius, in
collection of Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, is somewhat similar,
as the lateral sepals and lip are normal, the dorsal sepal absent, and 1°
placed by the two united petals. The column is very curious, as the no
stamen (A x of the Darwinian notation) is reduced to a barren filamemls
while the two lateral stamens of the inner whorl (a 1 and a 2, wit
the fertile stamens of Cypripedium) are developed, and each contain ae
The stigma is abnormal. This flower is very interesting, and the a
ment is such as to show clearly the nature of each of the parts- Se
of the flowers are typical in shape.

THE ORCHID REVIEW 133

NOMENCLATURE OF ORCHIDS.

THE present confusion in the nomenclature of Orchids is almost a
scandal, and threatens to be quite intolerable as the number of hybrids and
so-called varieties continually increases. I had hoped that something
would be done by the Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society
to bring order out of chaos; but it seems to me now that they are among
the worst offenders, and unless they repent and change their methods, it is
unlikely that they will be able to control the sins of others.

As an ill ion of the p di of what is, after all, the body of

greatest authority upon the subject in England, I will take their decisions
in the question of reverse crosses. The other day I sent a new hybrid,
Masdevallia Harryana X Shuttleworthii, and proposed to name it
“Chamberlainiana.” The Orchid Committee, however, declined to

. recognise it under a specific name on the ground that the reverse cross of
Shuttleworthii with Harryana had already been made and named
“‘Shuttryana.” They accordingly permit me to call my plant “ Masdevallia
Shuttryana, Chamberlain’s variety ”—if I have patience to use so lengthy a
description.

On a subsequent occasion Mr. Ingram sent a new Cattleya Lawrenceana
X Mendelii. As the reverse cross is named already “ W. Murray,” the
Orchid Committee appear to have refused a distinct name.

Again Messrs. Veitch sent a Lzlio-Cattleya Trianez x harpophylla.
The reverse cross has already been named “ Doris"; accordingly the new
hybrid is to be called ‘ Doris, variety Xantho.”

In these three cases the rule has been that a reverse cross is not entitled
to adistinctive name. The decision is open to criticism, as there are very
great and marked differences in the reverse crosses of different Orchids.
At the same time I should be prepared to submit to it if the Orchid
Committee themselves were consistent ; but, so far from that, I find that
at the last Show a new Dendrobium hybrid was named “ Clio,” which is
only the reverse of ‘‘ Lutwycheanum” ; “ burfordiense” has been named,
although it is the reverse of “dulce”; ‘ chrysodiscus” is the reverse of
“ melanodiscus ”; and “ micans” is the reverse of ‘‘ Euryclea.”

There are, however, worse anomalies than these arising from the way in
which the results of the same cross—and even of the same seed-pod—have
been allowed to be exhibited under different names. Thus, “ pallens,”
* Aurora,” and “‘ Cybele,” are all three named hybrids of the same cross as
“*xanthocentron.”

“ Hebe,” “ Dido,” “ Rainbow,” and “ Luna,” are all the same cross as
“ melanodiscus.”

“ Thalia,” just named, appears to be almost identical with ‘‘ Rubens "—

134 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the latter being a cross of “ Leechianum” with “ nobile nobilus,” and the
former of “ Ainsworthii ” with the same pollen parent.

Is it likely that amateurs and ordinary dealers will observe any rule or
reason whatever as long as the Orchid Committee permits such gross
inconsistencies ?

If possible the latitude allowed to what are called “varieties” is even
worse than the loose treatment of hybrids. Every nurscryman and every
amateur is permitted at his own sweet will and pleasure to affix a distinctive
name to any plant that strikes his fancy, or appears to vary in any degree
from others in the same batch. As there is no rule and no authority, so
there is no limit to the abuse of this practice.

The names thus given are frequently the same as those that have been
already taken for other varieties. T hey are altogether illusory and
unscientific; and their constantly growing number is destroying the value
and meaning of all specific names. ;

I believe that in the long run everyone would benefit if some authentic
quality attached to every distinctive name, and if a buyer could be certain
that in purchasing a “ magnifica,” or “ grandiflora,” or “ gloriosa,” he was
really getting a plant of definite character.

As it is, all confidence in these fancy descriptions is being rapidly lost,
and prudent collectors have ceased to buy varieties unless they can seé
them in flower.

Under these circumstances, I am tempted to make a suggestion for the —

consideration of the Royal Horticultural Society and in the interest of all
who take an interest in Orchid cultivation.
It is that the Orchid Committce should establish a ‘Hall Mark” for
valuable Orchids, which would speedily be recognised by all cultivators, and
which would be insisted on by buyers as a security against fraud of
exaggeration.

All that would be necessary is that the Committee should prepare @
form of label (bearing some distinctive mark, such as the seal of the Society
—ifit has one—or the letters R.H.S.), which could be filled up as required
with the name of the plant to which it is attached. :

This label, when filled up, should be granted by the Committee oC
payment of a small fee—say, of half-a-crown—to any plant exhibited at one
of the Shows, and named by the Committee according to its rules. were
tules should lay down the general conditions on which specific names He
be allowed by the Committee; and I hope they would strictly preclude t
grant of such names to any variety which did not differ most distinctly from
the type, and to any hybrid from a cross already named. ald

The result of an arrangement of this kind would be that no buy S ” eo
pay high prices for a hybrid or variety which had not the Society

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 135

‘‘imprimator,” and was not authenticated by them as being what it
professed to be. The growers and amateurs would send plants of special
novelty and merit to the Shows in order to get the “ Hall Mark” of the
Society, since all plants and varieties which could pass the test would have
an assured and increased value. On the other hand, names which had no
official approval would cease to carry the slightest weight, and would soon
be dropped altogether.

In this way not only would the interest of the Shows increase and the
finances of the Society be benefited, but we should gradually get rid of
hundreds of names which have been affixed without any kind of authority
to plants not one wit better than the ordinary type, and we should make
some approach at any rate to an orderly and scientific nomenclature of new
varieties under the control and responsibility of an expert tribunal.

J. CHAMBERLAIN.
Highbury, Moor Green,
Birmingham.

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

SEVERAL of the botanical Orchids mentioned last month are still flowering
in the Kew collection, and numerous additional ones have taken the place
of those which are over. One of the prettiest is that little gem Phalzn-
opsis Parishii, with its white sepals and petals and purple lip. _It remains
in flower a long time, and but for the difficulty of obtaining it, would
probably be more widely grown. Dendrobium hainanense (Rolfe) is a free-
flowering species from the island of Hainan, with terete leaves and
numerous white flowers with a yellow spot on the disc of the lip.
Microstylis macrochila and M. Scottii are also opening; their foliage is
always elegant, and the large purple flowers of the former should ensure
for it a place in every collection where botanical Orchids are grown.
Among Angracums may be mentioned the pretty little A. fastuosum and
the rare A. Germinyanum, a native of Madagascar. Cottonia macro-
stachya has flowers remarkably like a beetle with purple-brown elytra.
Polystachya bracteosa, which is remarkable for its dorsally flattened pseudo-
bulbs, is producing several racemes of greenish flowers.

Among Ccelogynes may be mentioned the curious little C. uniflora, and
C. carinata (Rolfe) from New Guinea; also the allied Pholidota ventri-
cosa. Several Maxillarias are now in flower, including the curious M.
aciantha with fleshy segments, M. Meleagris and M. pumila. Leptotes
bicolor is another little gem, which is exceedingly pretty when well grown.

136 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
Of the Pleurothallis group may be mentioned the pretty little Masdevallia

Carderi, M. demissa, and others, also Pl hall pis; and of the
Pp group H i Epidendrum Linkianum, and
E. varicosum. Sarcochilus Fitzeraldi is a pretty little Australian species
with some light purple spots in the centre of the white flowers, while the =
allied Cleisostoma Wendlandorum has dense spikes of small yellow flowers.
A few other species now in flower are Eria confusa, Cirrhopetalum fimbri-
atum, Xylobium corrugatum, and Cypripedium virens, the latter being one
of the least attractive of the group with tessellated leaves.

Fe | 4d umeiicen |

THE DENDROBIUM BEETLE.

You will receive a parcel ining a pseudobulb cut from a plant of
D bium PI I believe you will find it infested with a brown
beetle, and its larva, and if you carefully examine it before cutting it open a
you will be able to find the borehole by which the insect has entered. 1
shall be much obliged for some information as to the life-history of this
insect, and also whether it be the same pest which attacks Cattleyas.
Amongst 100 plants purchased last autumn we have had to destroy many
dJobulbs, and fresh di ies are being made almost daily.
O. O. WRIGLEY.

Bridge Hall, Bury.

A note on the same subject appears in the February number of the
Kew Bulletin (p. 62), under the title, “ Beetle-larvee attacking Orchids,”
summary of which it may be interesting to reproduce. Sir Trevor Law-
rence submitted to Kew pseudobulbs of Dendrobium Imperatri attacked
by larvae, which were handed to Mr. W. F. H. Blandford, Lecturer 0?
Entomology at the Forestry Branch of the Indian Civil Engineering
College, for report. Mr. Blandford states that they are beetle larve, and
pretty certainly those of a Longicorn beetle, though they show ou
divergences from the ordinary type, probably correlated with their habitat
in a soft stem instead of Hard woody tissues. It is impossible to identify
such larve positively, except when their mode of life is such as to exe™
any doubts ; but it happens that the larva of the only two known species a
the genus Diaxenes live in Orchids. These are D. Taylori, described ie
an example found in the Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, where it wis
found gnawing the stem of a Phalenopsis from Manila, and D. Dembro) »
known by four specimens taken alive on imported Dendrobium atro-
Purpureum and D. nobile, the latter said to have been imported 0M
Moulmein (where, however, D. nobile is not known to grow)- =

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 137

examples of Diaxenes Taylori in the British Museum are ticketed “ Moul-
mein.”” Whether the larve submitted to Mr. Blandford belong to either
species of Diaxenes. or even to the genus, must necessarily remain unknown,
unless the beetle be bred from them ; but it is conjectured, from the habitat
of the host plant, that it will prove distinct. Should Sir Trevor Lawrence
be so unlucky as to breed out the beetles in his conservatory, Mr. Blandford
would be glad to examine them; but, for the sake of the Orchids, he
recommends that they be carefully looked over, and the affected stems
destroyed. If any plants are so attacked as to be not worth saving, they
might be removed to a house which contains no other Orchids, and covered
with gauze netting, so as to detain any beetles which may breed out, if
desired to rear them for examination. But it is most important that by
careful supervision no affected stems shall be left which will distribute the
insect at large in the Orchid house when they have reached the winged
state. It might be possible to save pseudobulbs not as yet badly injured,
by destroying the enclosed larve with a wire or needle, but whether this
means is practicable or not must be left to the consideration of those who
have care of the plants. Mr. Blandford adds that he has described a small
boring beetle (Xyleborus morigerus) which has been very injurious in some
conservatories to Dendrobia from New Guinea, having probably been sent
out extensively with the Orchids by a firm of nurserymen, but they are not
present in the portions sent.

On splitting the pseudobulb of Dendrobi Phalznopsis sent by Mr.
Wrigley we found two or three larve, and one beetle was just boring his
way out. It was not a Longicorn beetle, however, but a small brown
weevil-like insect, whose very short antennz are broad and flattened at the
apex, and we suspect either the Xyleborus mentioned by Mr. Blandford or
a closely allied species. What we suspect may be the same insect has been
alluded to on more than one occasion in our columns and elsewhere as
Xyleborus perforans, and it would be interesting to clear up the history of
this and some other Orchid pests, which seem to be very imperfectly
known. These insects come home with imported plants, and as soon as
their presence is detected measures are taken to stamp them out. Nursery-
men who find affected plants among their importations, naturally do not
care to advertise the fact, and so information is not easily obtained ; but
there is a consensus of opinion that several Dendrobiums from New Guinea
and the adjacent islands are specially subject to their attacks. Those who
buy plants from this region should be on the alert to stamp them out as
soon as their presence is detected, and thus prevent the mischief spreading

138 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

THE advent of Cattleyas Mendelii and Mossie, together with Lalia pur-
purata, indicate the approach of the showiest season of the year. Early
flowers of each of these are now expanding, and the group will soon forma
picture of loveliness. The beautiful Cattleyas citrina and intermedia, and
Lelia cinnabarina, must also be added to the list. Odontoglossums are
almost at their best, and include numerous forms of O. crispum, spotted
and unspotted, white and pink; several forms of O. luteopurpureum, the
brilliant O. triumphans, O. Pescatorei, and several others, including the
hybrids O. x Coradinei and O. x Wilckeanum. Hanging from the roof
isa plant of the charming little O. GErstedii bearing a large number of
flowers, which are remarkably persistent. Miltonia vexillaria is again
beginning to flower, and will soon be at its best, while a plant of M.
Phaleenopsis is also very pretty.

The brilliant-flowered group of Masdevallia is beginning to make a
show, and includes M. x Parlatoreana and M. X Chelsoni, as well as
the commoner ones. The fine old Sobralia macrantha now rivals the
Cattleyas in the brilliance of its flowers, and will keep up a succession
much longer. Its chief drawback is that it takes rather a lot of space.
Maxillaria Sanderiana and M. luteo-alba are also among the additions to
the list, together with Cypripedium I C. Vol 5

exul, and C. bellatulum, the latter being planted in hanging pans, and in ‘

this way seen to better advantage. The best Oncidiums just now are 0.
M i 1, O. 1 , and O. ll the former being superb.
A plant not always seen at its best is the old Arpophyllum spicatum,
which, when well grown, is very effective, the dense spikes of rosy pu
flowers being very distinct from anything else. _ Phalaenopsis tetraspis 1s @
chaste and beautiful flower which will remain long in beauty, and ought to
be more widely grown; another species now blooming well is P. Luedde-
manniana. The pretty little Helcia sanguinolenta and Diacrium bicornutum,
also claim attention. Among the Dendrobiums may be mentioned D.
Parishii, cariniferum, with its powerful aromatic fragrance, densifiorum,
thrysiflorum, crystallinum, transparens, and the charming little D.
Loddigesii as among the more notable additions to the list. Cymbidium
Lowianum is now superb, and I think unquestionably the best of the
Cymbidiums. It would be easy to extend the list, though the above
selection contains all the more striking ones. é

The collection generally is now very attractive, as not only is it gay with
flowers, but the young growths are coming on well, and it is very interesting
to watch their progress, and in some measure anticipate the display of the
next flowering season.

‘ai
ae

oe

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 139

DIES ORCHIDIAN,
OnE of my correspondents calls attention to the epidemic of provisional
names, and thinks it quite time I had something to say on the subject. He
purchased some of the “‘ new Anguloa alba magna, but when it flowered it
proved to be neither new nor white, but simply the old Anguloa uniflora,
which he had known ever since he can remember. Yet it was again re-
christened Anguloa Watsoniana,” which he cannot understand—and for the
matter of that neither can I—but he thinks ‘ this wholesale re-naming of
well-known old plants is nothing short of a public scandal.” Now, he says,
we have a wonderful new Cypripedium and a Ccelogyne ditto, to say
nothing of others, and the question is what will these prove to be. I really
cannot tell him at present, but I fully agree that there ought to be some
means of ascertaining beforehand whether these so-called novelties have
any right to the title.

He also suggests that dried flowers ought to be obtained and submitted
to some expert, who would recognise old species and thus prevent well-
known plants from receiving useless new names, which are only a source of
annoyance to everybody. He then goes on to ask :—‘‘ What is this
wonderful new Cypripedium Sandere? Description says it is the best
Cypripedium for cutting purposes ever introduced, and that from photo-
graphs and measurements received with the plants the species is believed to
be far and away the largest of the genus yet discovered. The lateral petals
are much broader than in any other Cypripede we know of. The pouch is
unique in shape, &c. All this sounds very promising, but have these
photographs and other materials been submitted to an pg se ? And if not,
why not? And what is this other new and magnifi ipedium from
the Malayan Archipelago? The collector says it is pais the grandest
Cypripedium he has ever seen, and should prove one of the most sensational
productions of late years. Did he take the trouble to dry a flower? I want
to buy a plant or two as soon as I can find out what they are, but my
experience of Cattleya floribunda and Anguloa alba magna is sufficient for
the present.”

These remarks are very much to the point, but I must leave my corre-
spondent’s questions until a future occasion; meantime I commend them
to the notice of all those whom they may concern. ‘“ When found, make a
note of,” as Captain Cuttle would have observed. I certainly hope that the
plants in question will prove new and good, but recent experiences are not
encouraging, and a little repetition of this sort of thing can only have one
effect, so far as buyers are concerned. In the case of Cattleya floribunda it

140 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

was announced that a dried inflorescence was to be seen, and, of course, to

have submitted this to an expert would have led to its identity being a
established at once. And when they are not referred to some independent —
authority, and afterwards prove identical with some well-known plant,

people naturally draw their own conclusions as to the reason ; and whether x
they are the correct ones or not, the result is much the same in the end. —
It is quite time a decided protest was made against this unnecessary
multiplication of spurious names—called “ provisional ” by courtesy—and

necessary, I fully endorse the remarks of my correspondent on the subject
generally. a

_ I was much interested in Mr. Young’s note on hybrids of identical
parentage, at page 115, and I hope the Orchid Committee will take the hint :
not to certificate old hybrids under new names. I think the Nomenclature — a
Committee and the Orchid Committee might amalgamate with advantage,
and, perhaps, if the editors of the gardening papers were thrown in, they”
might together prepare an authentic list, and keep it up to date. Ml
Young’s notes on naming in the vernacular have soon received a pracl
illustration, for I observe in the report of a recent meeting of the R
Horticultural Society that “ Phalenopsis Baron Schroder superba” am
“ Cattleya William Murray fulgens ” were exhibited. I don’t know why

additions were not made in the vernacular. Possibly because they
have looked ridiculous, though I fail to see where the subtle distinct
comes in. Cattleya x Murrayi fulgens or Cattleya x William Murray!

red variety I could have understood, though the former is infinitely prefer.
able, in my opinion. However, now that the two systems of nomenc'
;

are running side by side, I suppose we shall see some interesting dev
ments.

a

Orci Brooms at A PeNNy-a-Prece.—“ Only a penny! An Orchid
for yer buttonhole for a penny!” Such was the ejaculation that grated
on my ears in Cheapside on Wednesday, says a writer in the Licensed
Victuallers’ Gazette. Itinerary vendors frequently play ‘‘ spoof,” and I 2
once concluded that the pretty girl who was selling Orchids at a penny: j
Piece was at the good old game. But I was mistaken, for I purchased :

of Odontog llarium for the twelfth part of a
—Gardeners’ Chronicle.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 14t

ORCHIDS AT CLARE LAWN.

Many interesting Orchids were in bloom in the collection of Sir Frederick
Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen, during a recent visit, when the following
notes were taken, though room was not found for them in our previous
issue. A full account of the collection was given at page 78 of our first
volume.

First may be mentioned the Phalenopses, which always do well here,
and though the bulk of the P. Schilleriana, Aphrodite, and Sanderiana
were cut during February, a few representatives remained. Phalznopsis
Boxallii was well in bloom. Two plants of P. Lueddemanniana were
flowering very strongly, one plant having three spikes, up to 2} feet long.
One of these was producing a young plant on the spike, while several plants
of P. Stuartiana had young plants on the roots. A fine plant of P.
Schilleriana vestalis was over, but had produced a splendid inflorescence of
white flowers. The plant may always be distinguished when out of flower,
as the leaves are green below, and have fewer spots. Mr. Young attributes
much of his success to not pulling the plants about, and certainly his plants
are a mass of roots quite outside of the compost; yet they seem to obtain
all they require from the atmosphere. Probably the gravel walks and the
plants underneath serve to throw off a constant supply of moisture, and
with proper attention to the ventilation and heating apparatus, the plants
seem to be almost indifferent to the compost, which consists chiefly of
crocks and sphagnum. Mr. Young occasionally syringes out the old
sphagnum, adding a little fresh among the old crocks; he also uses rather
small baskets, but the plants are a picture of health, as they have been for
years. Under the Phalznopsis are grown Cypripediums and other things,
which also do very well. In flower were Cyprip dium xX Lathami
very fine C. X macropterum, X politum , x Polletti xG
x delicatum, and others; also Selenipedium x Perseus superbum and
Sargentianum. The charming C. bellatulum album was doing well, grow-
ing in loose peat and tufa. Pescatorea Klabochorum and P. Dayana were
also growing very well.

In another house were three plants of Coelogyne sparsa in flower, and
one of them was a picture, bearing eleven spikes, and one with as many as
eight flowers. Cattleyas Triane and Schroeder were very fine,a white form
of the latter being particularly good. Eulophia Elisabethe was throwing

up very strongly. Dendrobiums were very good, three plants of D.
crassinode especially, each having six to eight flowering bulbs, and one
bearing six spikes, all but one being three-flowered. Two plants of D.
luteolum were also crowded with flowers, and in this state is particularly
effective. D. x splendidissimum grandiflorum and many D. nobile were

142 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

good. The charming little D. x Wiganize has already been described at
page 107. A plant of Platyclinis glumacea bearing over sixty racemes of
very fragrant flowers was also a picture. Comparettia falcata is a pretty
species not often met with. There were some good Miltonia Roezlii, and
one called M. R. splendens had seven racemes with 28 flowers and buds,
two having five each. The flowers were very large, the base of the petals
darkest purple, and the disc of the lip very deep yellow. The lip was two
inches across. Very interesting, too, were Angraecum citratum, Seleniped-
ium X Pheedra, and the singular Ornithocephalus grandiflorus. Many plants
of Masdevallia tovarensis had been a sight, one carrying as many as 40
spikes, each with two or three flowers. Mr. Young does not leave the old
spikes on as some do, and thinks he gets quite as good results, while the
plants keep stronger. A plant of M. ignea was also flowering well. The
Odontoglossum house has been re-constructed on an improved principle,
and it is hoped that the plants will show an improvement. A plant of O.
x Wilckeanum bore a spike of fourteen flowers. A large number of other
things were in flower, but were not specially noted.

FIGURES OF INDIAN ORCHIDS.
THE fifth volume of the Annals of the Royal Botanic Garden, Calcutta, edited
by Dr. G, King, F.R.S., contains figures and descriptions of a century of
Indian Orchids selected from drawings in the Herbarium of the Botanic
Garden, Walcutta, by Sir Joseph Hooker, F.R.S., most of them having
been previously described in the Flora of British India. The drawings are
partly coloured, and represent species chiefly of botanical interest. Eighteen
species of Dendrobium are figured, including D. aurantiacum, Rchb. f., D-
Williamsoni, Rchb. f., and one called D. Palpebree, Lindl., whose flowers
are larger than those of the plant met with in gardens. D. crocatum,
Hook. f., is a member of the Pedilonum group with orange flowers, be
the others are not likely to be grown outside botanical collections. Phaius
mishmiensis, Rchb. f., is a very pretty species with rose-coloured flowers,
which has recently appeared in ivati Phalaenopsis tetraspis, Rchb.
f., Sarcochilus Berkeleyi, Rchb. f., and others, are well-known in one
though the great majority are not in cultivation. The work will
invaluable as an aid to the identification of these interesting plants: |
A recent number of the Journal of the Asiatic Sociely of pee

contains a paper by Dr. King and Mr. R. Pantling, entitled, we.
New Orchids from Sikkim.” It contains thirty-three new species “er
have been discovered in Sikkim during the last few years, chiefly by 4
Pantling. There are six species of the curious genus Oberomia, oa
most of the species are chiefly of botanical interest.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 143
ERIOPSIS RUTIDOBULBON.

Tuls fine old plant is decidedly rare in cultivation, but a plant was
exhibited by the Hon. Walter Rothschild at a recent meeting of the Royal
Horticultural Society, and now another is flowering at Kew, where the
original plant flowered as long ago as 1849 (Bot. Mag., t. 4437). This
had been sent home by Purdie, who found it growing on the stem of a
palm tree in the temperate region of Antioquia, at an elevation of 4,000 to
5,000 feet, where the temperature ranged from about 65° to 75°. It was
the only single example he succeeded in finding. It was subsequently
figured in Pescatorea under the erroneous name of E. biloba, Lindl. (t. 20),
and it is stated that it was met with by M. Linden associated with Uro-
pedium Lindeni, and the habitat of the latter is given as between the
Cordillera of Merida and Lake Maracaybo. The habit of the plant is
somewhat like that of Lycaste, except that the pseudobulbs are wrinkled,
but the flowers are numerous, and borne on a long arching raceme. The
sepals and petals are yellowish with more or less broad purple margins, and
the lip reddish purple on the side lobes, and white in front with a number
of black spots. In the Orchid Album (VIII, t. 377), basket or pot culture is
recommended, and the cool end of the Cattleya house is said to suit it
admirably. It should be potted when the plant begins to grow, plenty of
drainage being used, and care being taken not to injure the roots, as it is
rather impatient of such treatment. It is a distinct and striking plant
deserving of more extended cultivation.
R.A. R.

ORCHID GROWING BY THE ARTISAN.

Wuat a marvellous advance has been made in the growing of Orchids in
this country since the enormous importations have reduced their value to the
price of Pelargoniums and Fuchsias! In almost every town or burghal
district there are a few of the “ horny-handed sons of toil” that take to
their cultivation. sas last week the writer has seen two collections grow-
ing under The one was owned by John
Hampson, Whitefield, a shoemaker; the other by Edward Wolfenden,
Radcliffe, a stone-mason. The only access to the former's glass-house was
through the workshop—where John was toiling away making clogs, so
much used by workmen in the manufacturing districts of Lancashire—then
through the back kitchen, and into a yard, where the small semi-span house
was completely filled with a variety of Orchids, some doing well. The
house was heated with hot water, and it was quite pleasing to see some
nicely-grown pieces of Dendrobium Wardianum in flower, and in one or

144 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

two very good varieties. Dendrobes appear to be the favourite flowers
with both rich and poor, and little wonder there is such a variety among
them, as the flowers are lasting. Along with these were some Cattleyas,
and Odontoglossum Rossii at the one end, which has been very cheap of
late, flowering profusely. They were a nondescript lot, huddled together
without any semblance of order, the desire being more to get the flowers.
It was a small house, divided into two compartments, and out of his
modest earnings he has saved enough to get up a very nice collection.
He began buying cheap plants, but he has gone on, and is now dis-
pensing with his common plants and getting some of the better articles.
As he said, we must “creep before we walk.” Every penny he can spare
in a fair way goes to the purchase of Orchids. I was surprised to see,
for instance, nice lots of Cypripedium x Leeanum giganteum in fine

flower, snd one of the best, too;
D

and also the Stand Hall variety. of

X splendidissi grandiflorum, as well as such good things
as = 3 Cookson and D. x Ainsworthii. In the cooler division were an

wn lot of Od

crispum, and plants of that order.

One aE like to see the plants more orderly arranged ; however, they

were clean and free from insects.

These men read Orchid literature

greedily, but they have generally a mind of their own; and although
they are in some measure guided by a Calendar of Operations, each has
his own way with particular favourites.—J. A. in Gardeners’ Chronicle.

me

LACZENA SPECTABILIS.

A PLANT of this rare but very pretty Orchid has just flowered in the Kew

collection, producing a raceme of

thirteen flowers, which are pale lilac,

densely speckled all over with a darker shade of lilac-purple, and the front —
lobe of the lip similarly speckled’ with a much deeper atts Se It is a native
of Central America, and was originally d d andi d to cult”
vation by Warscewicz. It first flowered in the collection of Herr Nauem,
of Berlin, and was described under the name of Nauenia spectabilis by

Klotzsch (Allg. Gartenz., XXI., p.

193), who overlooked the fact that it

belonged to Lindley’s genus Lacena. It is allied to Acineta, and bears @
similar pendulous raceme, though the flowers differ in structure The
lip is stalked, and the side lobes erect and rounded, with a prominent callus

between them, while the front lobe i
somewhat reflexed. It is figured at

and

broadly trulliform, again stalked,
is broadly trulliform, ag: 7

t. 6516 of the Botanical Magazine.

only other species is L. bicolor, Lindl., a native of Guatemala, and scarcely

as ornamental as the present one.
tent as the Acinetas,

It will succeed under the same treat-

R, A. Re

Soe eae

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 145
ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.

Our present illustration represents the remarkably well-grown specimen of

Odontoglossum crispum from the collection of Welbore S. Ellis, Esq.,

Hazelbourne, Dorking, to which a Cultural Commendation was given by

the Royal Horticultural Society on March 24th last. As will be seen from

the photograph, for which we are indebted to Mr. Ellis, the plant bore a

large panicle with nine side branches beside the terminal one, and an

FIG. 8. ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM.

aggregate of sixty-five flowers ; indicating great vigour on the part of the

plant, and excellent culture on the part of Mr. Masterton, who has

charge of the collection. The flowers are medium-sized, white, and
unspotted.

These branching forms of the species are not common, and it is interesting

146 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

to note that it is the one originally described by Dr. Lindley, in 1845, from
a dried specimen collected by Hartweg about three years previously, “in
woods between the villages of Ziquapira and Pacho,” in the province of
Bogota (Ann. Nat. Hist., ser. 1., XV., p. 256). Hartweg recorded on his
ticket that the inflorescence was sometimes branched and sometimes not,
and proposed to name the species after Dr. Lindley, which the latter
quietly ignored. Lindley described it as “a most beautiful species, occasion-
ally as much as three feet high. Flowers large, yellow with purple centre.”
This note about the colour was not taken from Hartweg’s specimen, but
from a copy by Matthews of a drawing from the collection of Ruiz and
Pavon, by their artist Tafala. What this drawing represents is uncertain,
but probably not O. crispum, as most of Ruiz and Pavon’s plants are
Peruvian, and the colour bears no resemblance to any form of that species.
It probably represents some imperfectly known Peruvian species, which
will some day be identified, just as the Odontoglossum bicolor from the
same collection has been. Hartweg’s specimen has a panicle three feet
high, with five side branches, and about twenty-six flowers (a few of which
have fallen or been removed), which were certainly white and unspotted.
The Peruvian one is yellow densely spotted in the centre with purple, and
except for the broader segments is suggestive of some species with the
affinity of O. pardinum. Ruiz and Pavon’s drawing of Odontoglossum
bicolor proved to be very accurate, otherwise the correctness of the
present drawing might be suspected.
The form afterwards described by Mr. Bateman as O. Alexandre (Gard,
Chron.,1864, p. 1083) had an unb hedinfl and larger white flowers
with broader segments. This had been collected by Weir in the “ gloomy
forests of Santa Fé de Bogota” at 9,000 feet elevation, and sent to the
Horticultural Society. A similar form, except for the addition of a large
purple spot on each sepal, was described by Reichenbach immediatel
afterwards as O. Bluntii (Bot. Zcit., XXII., p. 415). This had beet
collected by Blunt for Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and it was a plant from
the last-named importation, which had been acquired by Mr. J. Day, of
Tottenham, that produced the first living flowers seen in Europe. 0.
crispum is the most popular Orchid in cultivation, and its varieties seem
almost endless, besides which it hybridises freely with all the three —
species with which it grows—O. gloriosum, O. luteopurpureum, and O- =
Lindley and it is interesting to have a figure of the original forth
for comparison with the numerous finer varieties which have since ap!
We have never seen so fine an inflorescence as the one here illustrated, and
it certainly deserved the award given.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 147
THE HYBRIDIST.
PHALENoPSIS X ARIADNE.

ANOTHER very interesting Phaleenopsis has been raised by Mr. Seden, in the
establishment of Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, of which we have received
a five-flowered raceme. The parents are P. Aphrodite ? and P. Stuart-
iana g, and their characters are well combined in the offspring. The
leaves are said to be slightly mottled. The sepals and petals are white,
and of the usual shape, and the lip is as nearly intermediate as can be; the
side lobes being less oblique than in P. Aphrodite, but the markings almost
as in that species, while the front lobe has subacute basal angles, the
basal half or rather more being densely spotted with purple, and the rest
white. The tendrils are half-an-inch long, and broad at the base, but
slender above, and gradually incurved. The inner halves of the lateral
sepals also bear numerous minute purple dots, as in P. Stuartiana. It is a
very interesting addition to the group, and as handsome as its two parents.
In shape it is comparable to P. x leucorrhoda, now well known as a
natural hybrid between P. Aphrodite and P. Schilleriana. It flowered for
the first time when five years old.

THE CATTLEYA FLY.

As I was unfortunate enough to get in an importation of Cattleya labiata
this terrible pest, I have been an interested reader of the correspondence
you kindly invited on the subject, and I regret that you have had no replies
of a character to relieve the minds of sufferers. Mr. Millington and his
gardener seem to have exhausted every known remedy without success,
and if anyone knows how to eradicate the fly, surely they will respond to
your call for information, and give us the benefit of their experience. The
first advice I got in the matter was to “burn the lot.” Drastic enough
this; but one would just about as soon throw them in the fire as have to
cut off every decent lead that appears, only to find that in the succeeding
lead the treatment has to be repeated, the leads always getting weaker as
time goes on. I have cut them off containing pupe in every stage to the
black shining rascal just ready to get out on his deadly errand. I have
noticed that in the first, and sometimes the second, lead that has been
taken off, the swelling at the base is so pronounced as not to escape the
observation of anyone keeping a look-out, but in later breaks no such swell-
ing occurs, and the fly is out before it is noticed. I believe this is one of
the reasons why cutting out is not so successful as it should be. Mr.
Roberts, the grower at Arddarroch, sprays his Orchids very frequently with

148 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

weak tobacco water, and, judging from the cleanness and vigour of the

plants so treated I am practising his method, and believe if I had adopted

it earlier I might have had better success in the destruction of the pests.
T. W. RUSSELL.

Kelvinside, Glasgow.

It is evident from the remarks at pages 44, 87, and 10g that our know-
ledge of this troublesome pest is far from complete, and one can hardly
avoid a suspicion that more than one insect is concerned, especially as it is
first said to have been found on a Saccolabium. The following is briefly
its history, so far as we can discover :—In 1869 a note was given by Pro-
fessor Westwood of some white fleshy larvee, with chestnut-coloured shining
heads, found by Mr. Bateman feeding in the substance of the leaves of an
Orchid, said to be a Saccolabium. Professor Westwood extracted a male
and female pupa, which he referred to the Chalcidide, and named the
insect Isosoma Orchidearum, remarking that it was probably a vegetable
feeder, though other members of the group were insectivorous, or parasitic
on other insects. He added, however, that little was known of the history
of the insects which attack exotic Orchids, as collectors only selected
healthy specimens. (Gard. Chron., 1869, pp. 196, 252, 1230, with fig.)
For a long period very little farther seems to have been discovered, though &
there was some discussion as to whether the Isosoma was the cause of the
mischief, or only a parasite on some other insect, Mr. McLachlan taking 4
the view that it was parasitic on some Cecidomyia, which was the real ;
cause of the mischief, and stating that he had bred both insects from galls
on Cattleya roots. It is now known, however, that the larve of the
Isosoma, which are white, are true vegetable feeders. Cecidomyia, on the
other hand, has orange-coloured larve. In June, 1878, a gall was found
on the roots of a Dendrobium in the collection of G. E. Cox, Esqs L
Leyton, and inside this was found the yellow larve of some Cecidomyia.
In 1885 a paper appeared, entitled “ Galls on the roots of Orchids” (Gard.
Chron., 1885, xxiv., p. 84), when both the galls of Cattleya (fig. 19) and
Dendrobium (fig. 20) were shown. In 1890 all the figures were 1
Produced (/. c., 1890, viii., p. 505). Shortly afterwards Mr. C. V- Riley
confirmed Professor Westwood’s contention that the larve of Isosoma were
phytophagous, as he had seen them feeding, and had bred both sexes of the
insect (I. c., 1891, ix., P- 597). If these are identical with those originally
found on Saccabium, it is, to say the least, very curious, and suggests =
question whether the Orchid on which the insect was originally found was
really a Saccolabium. Next to knowing how to combat the insect whet
found, it is important to know with what particular species of Orchid it 15
imported, so as to be on the alert. It is pretty clear that recent attacks can

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 149

be traced to importations of Cattleya labiata, but the earlier ones appeared
before the re-discovery of this species. Then C. Triane is sometimes in-
fected, and probably before the plants come home ; and either this or some
other fly has been sent with Lelia purpurata. It is hardly necessary to
point out that all Saccolabiums are from the Eastern tropics. In short, it
would be interesting to know precisely where the fly comes from, how to
combat the pest when found, and also whether we have more than one
species to deal with. It would also be useful to know whether the fly
comes out at other seasons of the year beside the spring. Information on
any of these points, and particularly the methods used by those who have
succeeded in exterminating it, would be very acceptable.

_—

LAELIO-CATTLEYA x DORIS VAR. VITELLINA.

WE have received through Messrs. James Veitch & Sons the two-flowered
inflorescence of a beautiful hybrid from the rich collection of Baron Sir H.
Schréder, The Dell, Egham, which was described about three years ago by
Mr. J. O’Brien, under the name of Lelia X vitellina (Gard. Chron., 1893,
Xiii., p. 365, fig. 53). It was originally remarked that the parentage not
having been recorded could only be guessed at, though the supposition was
that L. harpophylla was one of the agents in its production, and Lelia
Perrinii probably the other, most likely the seed bearer. The author, how-
ever, added, ‘I have not yet had the opportunity of examining the pollinia
of the new hybrid, and therefore cannot say how they stand with relation
to true Lalia.” This point we can now set at rest. On examining the
pollinia we find them precisely as in Lzlio-cattleya, that is, with four large
pollinia and four much smaller ones at the other end of the caudicles.
Lelia harpophylla was evidently one parent, as is evident from the very
characteristic shape of the lip, together with the colour of the flower, but it
is equally certain that some Cattleya of the labiata group was the other, as
might originally have been inferred from the shape of the petals. There is
no perceptible approach to the very characteristic lip of Laelia Perrinii or to
any of the hybrids from it—the deflexed apex of the lip mentioned by the
author comes from L. harpophylla, as is evident enough on comparison—
besides which it may safely be prophesied that any hybrid between L. har-
pophylla and L. Perrinii will have narrow petals. After consideration of
all the facts we believe that the second parent was a light form of Cattleya
Trianz, which would make it a variety of ee x Doris (supra,
II., pp. 79, 111), to which it bears a kabl i chiefly differ-
ing in having only a trace of purple on the front lobe of the lip. The
agreement in the flowering period of the species now suggested as parents
is also a point not to be overlooked. The flowers of the present variety are

150 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

a beautiful orange yellow, the petals 2} inches long by an inch broad, and
the front of the lip has a very faint trace of washed-out purple on the very
undulate margins of the front lobe, while the base of the column and the
extreme base of the lip’s disc are bright crimson-purple. It is certainly a
very handsome hybrid, and further experiments will probably prove its
exact parentage.

LZALIA x LATONA.

WE have received the flower of a handsome hybrid raised in the collection
of T. W. Thornton, Esq., Brockhall, Weedon, from Lelia cinnabarina
and L. purpurata ¢. Mr. Thornton states that the cross was made in
April, 1889, and that the seed was ripe and sown seven months later, that
is in the following November. The plant has now flowered for the first
time, producing a raceme of five flowers. Lelia x Latona was raised from
the same cross by Messrs. Veitch, and flowered in 1892, and the present
one must be considered as a form of the same, though how far it differs as a
variety we cannot say without being able to compare the flowers side by
side. According to a figure in the Journal of Horticulture (1892, XxiV-,
P- 353, fig. 61) the original form has a broad pale margin to the lip, while in
the present one that organ is rich crimson purple from the small yellow
point quite half-way along the side lobes and right up to the margin, while
the petals also are flushed with purple. It is a brilliantly coloured and
handsome form, but whether it can be distinguished by a varietal name
may be left for the present.

ee Cea

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR MAY.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.

THE Coot House.—The t of this department should now Damm

kept as low as possible, both night and day. Cool-growing Orchids ag
much injured if grown too warm. The temperature must be kept down 17
the day-time by heavily shading. The blinds should always be raised @
foot or so from the glass, the power of the sun upon the glass being then
greatly reduced. Lattice-wood blinds are good for Cool Orchid houses, 45
they are cooler than the ordinary ones. No plant in this department must
now be allowed to suffer from drought, but it is unnecessary to keep the
compost in a sodden condition. Let the plants each receive a thorough
watering when showing signs of becoming dry. A slight syringing ove
head is advantageous after a warm, dry day, but for this purpose cleat
rain water only should be used. Ventilation in abundance should now be
continually given. The cold north and east winds of the past month have

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 151

had the effect of causing the foliage of Odontoglossum crispum to become
very much bronzed. This will dono harm ; in fact, it is generally a good sign
that the plants are healthy, and likely to do well. The damping down of the
houses should now be done three times daily, and it should be done well,
a good supply of water always being at hand for this purpose. For damp-
ing, hard water can be used, the soft being stored for watering purposes.

There are several cool-growing species that will be in a good condition
for repotting this month. Among them are more of the Odontoglossum
crispum type that have bloomed and are starting to grow. Then there are
many of the cool-growing Oncidinmee:4 in a fit condition, such as O. macran-
thum, O. tigrinum, O. i O. ck ph , O. varicosum,
O. Forbesii, O. crispum, and any others that are starting ‘to grow. The
usual peat and sphagnum moss cannot be beaten for a compost, and the
potting should be done firmly.

Then there are some of the small growing kinds of Masdevallia that may
be repotted. This genus delights to grow in the coolest possible house
during summer, but during winter the temperature should be a little higher ;
in fact, the Intermediate house is not too high. Too much damp and cold
is the cause of the leaves dropping off or becoming spotted with black
marks. The pretty little white autumn flowering species, M. tovarensis,
should now be attended to, and repotted if necessary, and also any of the
others having passed out of bloom. Masdevallias of the more showy type,
such as M. Harryana, M. ignea, and M. Veitchiana, will now be making a
brilliant show in this department, intermixed with the Odontoglossums,
Oncidiums, Epidendrum vitellinum, and other cool species that are in
flower. No fire should now be wanted.

Tue INTERMEDIATE HovusE.—Temperature: Day, with sun heat, 75° ;
without sun, 65° to 70°; night, 65°; morning, 60° to 65°. Like the pre-
ceding, this department will now require well shading from the hot sun, in
order to keep down the temperature, and to be kept very moist by damping
down frequently. Although air cannot be applied here in such large volume,
yet a little should always be kept on if possible, and no favourable oppor-
tunity for increasing this amount should be allowed to pass by. In short,
try to keep the above temperatures with as much air as possible. No heat
from the hot water pipes should now be required here, unless it is occa-
sionally of an evening, when it is cold or a frost is expected, when a little
warmth would be very beneficial. Several things in this department will
also require repotting—such, for instance, as the Odontoglossums of the
grande type, some of the Miltonias and Oncidiums, Cymbidiums and
Lycastes, Adas and the Chimera section of Masdevallia, which should
never be grown cooler than this. Trichosma suavis and Maxillarias should
also be repotted, and other species which may be found to grow best here ;

152 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

always bearing in mind how very important it is to do each plant at the
proper time, which is, as I have said before, when making new growth from
the base, and new roots are pushing forth; otherwise a good deal of
exhaustion and shrivelling takes place unnecessarily.

I would also here mention once more how very important it is to experi-
ment one’s self with those plants which fail to grow freely from no apparent
cause, and not to keep them too long in that house or position most
generally advised, for different structures vary greatly, and certain peculiar
conditions in one house may be lacking in another ; therefore it is always
well to make experiments with refractory species, carrying out such experi-
ments cautiously, and treating them to different houses, or to different
positions in the same house, either warmer or colder, preferring to try the
cooler house or position first. It is always well to know how low a degree
of temperature the various plants will stand without injury. When this is
once known their cultivation is simplified very considerably, for it may
generally be taken for granted that if no injury is received by a low tempera-
ture the plants are benefited by it.

Tue CaTTLeyA AND Mexican Houses should be kept at about the
same temperature as the Intermediate; of course allowing a higher degree
by sun heat, as these departments will not require so much shade, especially
the Mexican house, which, if any shading is applied, should be very thin
indeed ; consequently, a good deal of ventilation is demanded during bright
sunny weather, to keep the plants from burning, which should be avoided. *
In this last-named house such things as Mormodes, Ceelogynes, and some
of the warm-growing Epidendrums, such as E. Parkinsonianum, E.
memorale, E. atropurpureum, and E. prismatocarpum should, if not already
repotted, be done without delay. In this warm, sunny, and airy depart
ment I have often set aside a small portion which has been extra shaded
for the purpose of trying plants which seemed loth to grow in their owns
respective houses, and, strange to say, the result has been in most cases r
very successful ; even some of the more difficult to grow of the Cypripediums
have recovered there, as have also Burlingtonia fragrans, Acropera Loddi-
gesii, and A. armeniaca.

This month will see another batch of the Cattleya house plants potted
up, including C. labiata, C. Harrisoniana, C. Loddigesii, C- Schroeder@,
C. Eldorado, C. Bowringiana, C. I C. maxima, and any others
if it is deemed necessary. Vanda suavis and V. insignis have just fini a
flowering, and will be done up by replacing the old sphagnum moss biker
new. These plants should occupy a rather shady part of the house, as also
should Aerides Fieldingii and A. crispum. Ree

East Inp1an House.—Temperature : Day, with sun, 85° to. 90°} eee
sun, 75° to 80°; night, 70° to 75°; morning, 70°. Let these figures

“THE ORCHID REVIEW 53

maintained with a free admittance of fresh air. If the outside conditions
are such as to prevent the ventilators being opened, then it would be better
to reduce the above figures 5 degrees all round. Make do with as little
warmth from the hot water pipes as possible. For these warm houses,
however, a little will still be required during the night, and perhaps also by
day. The Dendrobiums, with the exception of D. Bensonz, D. Parishii,
D. crystallinum, D. nodatum, and a few other late flowering kinds, are now
all potted up, and are making new growth, and will henceforth delight in a
good deal of heat and moisture, providing, as before stated, air is not denied
them. Let them be suspended in pans or baskets well up to the light, but
guard just at present against keeping the compost too saturated, or the
new growths are apt to damp off. It is yet rather too early in the season
to commence syringing, unless it is the D. Wardianums, which could be
syringed and given a position at the coolest part of the house. Be on the
alert for red spider in this department, which is sure to come, and
more especially if the temperature is too hot or dry. The Coryanthes,
Spathoglottis, Catasetums, and such like species, should now be basketed
up, and put in growing order.

The mention of baskets reminds me of the improved one (West's
Patent). I have now tried it, and believe it is certainly an improvement
on the old one, for two most decided reasons—firstly, being so much lighter,
and secondly, by facilitating the work of watering.

There are but few Dendrobiums which can be grown in a warm green-
house temperature with other greenhouse plants, but D. Falconeri is one of
them that will. It is now showing for bloom, and should receive more
water. D. Falconeri grows best when fixed to a teak wood raft. During
the summer when making growth it should be given copious supplies of
water by being syringed several times daily, but during the winter it should
have long intervals of absolute drought until the spring, when the flower-
buds show. D. speciosum, an Australian species, is another that will grow
well in the same temperature, as will also D. Jamesianum, and its near
ally D. infundibulum. The latter two kinds should be grown in small pans
and suspended.

A question that beats me is one asking—‘ How to grow Oncidium
Jonesianum,” and I am obliged, for all practical purposes, to give it up. I
remember about ten or eleven years ago the first importation of some
thousands coming to this country; they all arrived in grand condition, and
were fine strong healthy plants. It was new and pretty, and consequently
the sale was brisk. This importation was followed by another, and yet
another, till O. Jonesianum was one of the most common Orchids in the
country. It seemed to possess a very robust Coaaeaieine, and come away
well, soon making a good big p ly followed by a fine

154 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

spike of bloom from its base. But each year the new growth became
considerably less and less, until, and within a very short period, but few
plants from those thousands were left alive. Its native habitat was-said to
be Paraguay, where it was found growing on the top of trees, the climate
being very hot—a vague account at least. Whether the collector could, or
ever did give a more definite statement, I never knew, but if he did I never -
heard it. I have tried it in all houses and all positions, but have so far
failed to find the right one. I dare say its treatment is simple enough when
known. Yet it is possible, of course, that it requires some peculiar treatment
which it is impossible for us to reproduce artificially, in which case it wouldbe
well to leave O. Jonesianum on its native trees at home. Perhaps, however, 3 j
x
a
b

there are some growers who have succeeded in keeping this plant alive, and ~
as sound in health as when imported ; if so, it would be interesting to many
to know how it is done. In the meantime I can only say how I have found
it grow best for the longest period. It should be wired to a block of wood
—head downwards—that being its natural way of growing. If the block is
green with the bark on su much the bettef. The plant should be transferred
to a new block each year, about April, just as the new roots are appearing.
It should then be suspended in a light position near the glass in the
warmest house, and given plenty of water by syringing it. By autumn it 3
will have made its growth and flowered, after which it should be kept very — sagt
dry throughout the winter, only moistening the roots occasionally. The *
temperature during the resting season should also be moderately warm. :

Pleiones are now growing freely, suspended in a sunny position im
aay. Ges They are fond of a good supply of water at the ’
root, and must never now be allowed to become dry. Syringe them at —
least once a day. Sobralias are now showing for flower, and if at all
pot-bound with roots, will be helped by an occasional watering with weak
liquid manure. Stanhopeas should now be put in larger baskets if requl
The baskets should be shallow ones, having no crocks placed at —
bottom. They grow best in a warm house. Zygopetalums requiring
tepotting should be delayed no longer. The strong growing kinds like
Z.intermedium should have fibrous loam mixed in with the peat and moss:
Others, such as Z. Gautieri, should be grown in baskets or on the stem of
a tree fern. They are intermediate Orchids, and delight in a liberal supply
of water during summer.

Cymbidiums should be attended to as they pass out of bloom. They ate — ;
best grown at the coolest end of the Intermediate house. A good compost
of lumpy peat two parts, and one part of fibrous loam, with a little sand
and broken charcoal mixed in to keep the whole sweet, is the best:
Eulophia guineensis should also be potted in the same materials, but this
Species, to grow it well, is better for the warmth of the East Indian house

*

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 155

Cyrtopodiums are now starting to grow. They are rather difficult to
flower, but if the last made pseudobulb is of a flowering size it should be
made to do so by withholding water until the flower spike appears, which it
will do from the side of the new growth when that is about two inches long.
Like Odontoglossum citrosmum, the members of this family rarely flower if
not compelled in this way. They may be grown in pots, or baskets, but
should always occupy a very light position close to the glass and in good
warmth when growing. E

Bis Prat
ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ANGULOA UNIFLORA.—Gard. Chron., April 4, p. 423, fig. 62.

CaTaseTuUM RAnpll, Rolfe, Bot. Mag., t. 7470.

CaTTLEYA TRIAN2, Mrs. WARREN Hoox.—Amer. Gard., March 21, p.
177, fig. 49. Apparently a good C. T. delicata.

Coax JuGosus.—Garden, April 18, p. 294, with fig.

CypRIPEDIUM X CARNUSIANUM.—Gard. Mag., April 18, p. 250, with fig.

CypRIPEDIUM X DENISIANUM.—Gard. Mag., April 4, p. 216, with fig.

CyPRIPEDIUM EXUL, MAJOR JoIcEy’s vaR.—Journ. of Hort., April 9, pp.
319, 323, fig. 55; Gard. Mag., April 11, p. 237, with fig.

CyYpRIPEDIUM Farr1EANUM.—Gard. World, April 11, p. 513, with fig.

DENDROBIUM X CLIO, TYNTESFIELD VAR.—Journ. of Hort., April 23,
pp. 366, 367, fig. 62.

MILTONIA X BLEUANA AUREA.—Gard. Mag., March 28, pp. 200, 201,
with fig.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM ARTHURIANUM.—Journ. of Hort., March 26,
P- 273, fig. 49.

OponTOGLossuM X Pittianum.—Gard. Mag., April 11, p. 237, with
fig. ; Gard. World, April 18, p. 527, with fig. A form of O. X Wilckeanum.

+

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was again a very fine display of Orchids at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s meeting at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on April
7th, and a considerable number of Certificates and Medals were awarded.
Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), staged
a choice group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It included the
large and richly-coloured Calanthe x Baron Schréder, Cattleya Lawrence-
ana concolor and C. L. Vinckei, the beautiful Lzlia x vitellina, Lzlio-
cattleya X Doris var. Xantho, and L.-c. x Veitchiana, Dendrobium

156 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

superbum Dearei and D. s. Burkei, and some handsome Odontoglossums,
comprising O. c. flavescens with almost wholly yellow flowers, O. Hallii
xanthodon, O. X Wilckeanum, O. X elegans, and a very fine form of
O. triumphans.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), received
a Silver Banksian Medal for a small group of fine things, including a fine
Ada aurantiaca, large examples of Cdontoglossum Cervantesii and O. Rossii
majus, fine forms of O. luteopurpureum, O. X Wilckeanum, and O. Hiallii,
and a magnificent form of O. triumphans called Mrs. Guest, bearing a
branched inflorescence of over fifty flowers, to which a Cultural Commenda-
tion was given.

W. C. Walker, Esq., Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr. Cragg),
also staged a very effective group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was
given. It contained a fine plant of C podi punctat bearing an
inflorescence of over a hundred and eighty flowers, some excellent Dendro-
bium superbum giganteum, Cattleya Mendelii, C. Trianz, Lelia Boothiana,
Cymbidium Lowianum, &c.

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park, Berks (gr. Mr. Thorne), showed three
very fine plants, to each of which an Award was given. These were a
splendid example of Diacrium bicornutum, which received both a First-class
Certificate and a Cultural Commendation; a fine plant of Dendrobium
atroviolaceum with several spikes, a Cultural Commendation ; and a large Pa
form of Cypripedium exul called Major Joicey’s variety, in which the white
of the sepals was unusually well developed, a First-class Certificate.

F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), sent
several handsome Dendrobiums, including D. Falconeri giganteum, D. X
Venus with over twenty flowers, and some pretty hybrids raised in the
collection, to one of which a First-class Certificate was given. This was ae
D. X Clio (D. x splendidissum grandiflorum ? xX D. Wardianum one
a plant having large and handsome flowers, with the sepals and bs
magenta purple, the former narrowly and the latter broadly margined with ‘
white, and the ovate-oblong lip white tipped with magenta, with the dis¢
chocolate-coloured on an orange ground. A pretty white form called D-

X Clio album was also shown.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), showed a —
spotted form of Stanhopea Wardii with a six-flowered inflorescence, t Z
which an Award of Merit was given; and the rare Eriopsis rutidobulbon, ee
which received a Botanical Certificate. at

C. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), rece
Awards of Merit for two handsome hybrids called Cattleya X hice”
Murray var. fulgens (Lawrenceana ? x Mendelii), and Lelio-cattleya
Sir William Ingram (L. purpurata @ x C. Dowiana aurea ¢)- The la

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 157

had dark rose sepals and petals, and a rich dark purple fringed lip with
lighter veining in the centre.

The Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Birmingham (gr. Mr.
Burberry), received an Award of Merit for Lzlio-cattleya x highburiensis
(C. Lawrenceana 2 X L. cinnabarina ¢), a very pretty hybrid with two-
flowered inflorescence, the sepals and petals orange-coloured, tinged and
veined with purplish crimson, and the lip dark claret-crimson in front.

R. Brooman White, Esq., Arddarroch, N.B. (gr. Mr. Roberts), received
an Award of Merit for Cattleya x Laure-Mossie (Lawrenceana 2? X
Mossie ¢),a charming thing with soft rose-pink sepals and petals and
dark crimson lip.

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., en supe iabeamsin, (gr. Mr. Davis),
showed a splendid plant of Dend with over thirty
spikes, to which a Cultural Commendation was ; giv en.

J. T. Gabriel, Esq., Streatham Hill, received a Botanical Certificate for
the rare and very pretty Chondorhyncha Chestertoni.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), showed
Odontoglossum nzvium and O. luteopurpureum nigrum, a very dark form.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate, showed Dendrobium
Hildebrandii album.

I. Measures, get ., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr.
Chapman), sent Dend Ib i and C pedi x. Quies
(C. Hookere @ X C. Curtisii ¢).

G. C. Rafael, Esq., Castle Hill, Englefield Green (gr. Mr. Adams), sent
a fine inflorescence of Eulophiella Elisabethz.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Carshalton (gr. Mr. Cummins), sent a
fine raceme of Cymbidium Lowianum concolor.

aE DEMS ha "piss Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
sent L brandii album.

C. Young, Esq., The Thorns, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Ryder), sent a fine
form of Cattleya Schreedere.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a very fine group of
choice things, to which a Silver Flora. Medal was given. It contained
Dendrobium X micans and D. x Euryalus, the magnificent Lzlio-cattleyas
X callistoglossa and X Pallas, the striking Lelia x Latona, Cymbidium
X eburneo-Lowianum, aaadicge >» Asmodia, Selenipediums X Phedra,

5

x Brysa, and x il Cy di x Morgania, and others,
Oncidium ampliatum majus, Lycastes Senne and Rossiana, Epidendrum
Wallisii, Cattleya Schroed 1 &e.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Gece also received a Silver Flora Medal
for a very pretty group, containing a fine series of pink and white forms of
Miltonia vexillaria, together with Cattleya Schroeder, Phalznopsis x

158 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

+ At. £

i Portei, a magni spotted form of Odontoglossum crispum,
Dendrobium Boxallii, &c.

Mr. P. McArthur, London Nurseries, Maida Vale, exhibited a good —

group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained a number

of good Odontogl Dendrobi Cattleya Schroeder, &c., and in —

the centre a fine plant of Platyclinis glumacea with some three hundred
spikes, to which a Cultural Commendation was given.
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also received a Silver Banksian

Medal for a fine group, containing Cypripedium Rothschildianum, fine nes

plants of Oncidium varicosum, Odontoglossum xX elegans, Maxillaria San-
deriana, Angraecum modestum, A. fastuosum, Cymbidium Lowianum, C.L.
concolor, Epiphronitis x Veitchii, &c.

Mr. R. Gulzow, Melbourne Nurseries, Bexley Heath, staged an effective
group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It contained some
fine forms of Cattleya Trianz, including a splendid C. T. alba, Oncidium
Marshallianum, Lalia purpurata, Cypripedium Rothschildianum, &c.

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticul Internationale, Brussels, also received
a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group of Odontoglossums, including
some fine forms of O. x Wilckeanum and O. crispum, a well-spotted form
of O. x Ruckerianum, &c. An Award of Merit was given to a plant called
O. X spectabile, apparently a form of O. X excellens.

Boxallii.

Mr. H. A. Tracey, Amyand Park Road, Twickenham, sent a good Cym

bidium Lowianum.

There was again a fine show of Orchids at the Drill Hall on April 21st
though the exhibits were not as numerous as at the two or three previous
meetings.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gt- Mr.
White), showed a very interesting group of rare things, to which a Silver
Banksian Medal was given. It included the pretty little Dendrobium

ymbidioides, D. crepidatum, Masdevallia caudata, M. Arminii, a fine
clump of Polystachya Ottoniana with overa hundred flowers, Eria aérido-
stachya, the handsome Cochlioda Noetzliana, Maxillaria prestans, a dark
form of Odontogl triumphans, and Cypripedium x Charles Richman.
Special awards were given to the following :—Fine plants of Dendrobium
capillipes and Cymbidium tigrinum, each a Cultured Commendations
S hilus Hart i and Epid hnogl each a Botanical

Certificate.

Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Masterton);
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group of Odontoglossums;
ncluding varieties of O, crispum, the pretty O. x Andersonianum H

Mr. J. W. Moore, Eldon Nursery, Bradford, sent the rare Dendrobium

eee aN

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 159

bourne var. (figured at p. 305 of our second volume), a fine O. Pescatorei
with much branched raceme, a very dark santits oO. tciumiphans, ne The
group also contained a very good form of Dend

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stamford Hill (gr. Mr. Aldous), received a
Silver Banksian Medal for an effective group, including Lelia cinnabarina,
Miltonia Phalaenopsis and M. vexillaria, Epidendrum Wallisii, a series of
good Odontoglossums, and other showy Orchids. Vanda Parishii
Marriottiana received an Award of Merit.

R. Brooman White, Esq., Ardd h, Garelochead, N.B. (gr. Mr.
Roberts), also received a Silver Banksian Medal for a fine series of forms of
Odontoglossum crispum and O. X Andersonianum. The three following
each received an Award of Merit :—O. crispum Arddarroch var., a heavily
blotched form allied to O. c. apiatum; O. Andersonianum candidum, a
form with milk-white ground and sents approaching those of O. crispum in
shape; and O. X And 4 h var., a handsome form with
cream-white ground covered all over with small red-brown spots.

. W. Law-Schofield, Esq. bs Bas Hall Hey, Reecepnall, received an
Rava of Merit for Cypripedi Schofieldi b l 4
hirsutissimum ¢ ), a very handsome He most approaching C, bellatulum,
the ground colour cream-white, the dorsal sepal with a green centre and
some fine radiating purple-dotted lines, the petals uniformly spotted with
purple, and the lip rose-purple.

M. C. Cooke, Esq., staged a good group, including some good Odonto-
glossums and other showy Orchids, the centre being occupied by a fine
plant of Cymbidium Lowianum, The group received a Vote of Thanks.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, sent Dendro-
bium barbatulum and D. cariniferum, the: latter receiving a Botanical
Certificate.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), showed a
good form of Cattleya Mossi. :

Mrs. Briggs, Bury Bank House, Accrington, sent a good form of

ea P

highfieldense, said to be from C. Lawrenceanum ¢ and C. Druryi 3.

De B. Crawshay, pais. are Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke) exhibited
the handsome Od Rosefield var., and O. X
hebraicum.

W. E. Ledger, PS wie, Road, Wimbledon, showed the pretty little
Australian Dendrobi

C. J. Lucas, Esq., ANornbeed Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan), sent 2
fine form of Odontoglossum crispum, a very dark O. Hallianum, and two
good forms of O. X excellens,

F. M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsb fh, sent Cypripedinm x

160 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, exhibited a very fine group, to
which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained some fine Cattleya
Lawrenceana and C. Schreedere, Lelia Boothiana, L. purpurata and
L. X Latona, Lelio-cattleya x Pallas, the pretty Disa x langleyensis
Cirrhopetalum picturatum, Cymbidium x eburneo-Lowianum, Dendro-
bium veratrifolium, Maxillaria Sanderiana, Selenipedium caudatum, Cypri-
pedium X Druryi-Hookerze and others; Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, &c.
The following received special awards :—Epidendrum X Endresio-Wallisii
superbum, First-class Certificate; Dendrobium x Wiganiz, Award of
Merit ; Cattleya Schreedere eximia, a striking dark rose-coloured form with
some orange in the centre, Award of Merit; and Angrecum metallicum, a
Botanical Certificate.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, staged a good group, con-
taining Odontoglossum stellimicans, various forms of O. luteopurpureum
and other Odontoglossums, some good Cattleya Schilleriana, C. Law-
renceana and C. Mossi, Lelia purpurata, Oncidium phymatochilum,
Dendrcbium nobile nobilius and D. Phalenopsis, Cypripedium X Masoni,
&c. A Vote of Thanks was given.

Mr. R. Gulzow, Bexley Heath, exhibited an effective group of Laelia
purpurata, Oncidium Marshallianum, Cattleya intermedia, and C. Trian,
and also received a Vote of Thanks.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also received a Vote of Thanks
for a fine group, vinelading Brassia Lewisii, Coelogyne Dayana, Spathoglottis
Lobbii, Dend O’Brieni ena Epidendrum Wallisii, some
fine forms of Oncidium varicosum, Od crispum and Pescatorel,
Lycaste Skinneri, Miltonia vexillaria, Cypripedium hirsutissimum, Cattleya
citrina, some good C. Mossiz and C. Schroeder, &c. ;

Mr. J. Douglas, Great Bookham, Surrey, sent a fine Phaius X
Cooksoni.

+

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

H. W., Manchester. A good form of Dendrobium densifloru

T. S.A small form of Odontoglossum x Coradinei, protety undevelope eal

C. Stoldt. Miltonia flavescens and a good typical Cattleya Triane. Your
nstoibiged addressed, and only reached us after much trouble. See notice on page 2

OW. HL. L., Balmedie. 0. triumphans with rather long segments. Others noted els
where,

Photographs received, with thanks, a e

We have received the Catalogue of ee Rican Orchids published by Mr. ane
Pfau, of San Jose, Costa Rica. It contains some interesting information about thet Pan
and the climate of the district. We note a plant called Cattleya Down’ eye
interesting supposed natural hybrid between Dowiana and Bowringiana or the form

autumnalis,” which we should like to know more about, as the descript ion suggests the

of C. Dowiana with rosy marked petals,

Richard

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THE

ORCHID REVIEW:

fn 3llustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOLEDR- 10 ORCHIDOLOGY

Contents.
PAGE| PAGER
An interesting experiment “a «.. 180 | Dies Orchidianz “s ts oon AE
Calendar of Operations for June -- 180 | Drying Orchid flowers ... ten os 179
Catasetum barbatum .. ss s4ig £76 | Hybridist’s Notes ses ee + 169
Catasetum macrocarpum are --- 176 | Hybrid Orchids, supposed —.. a BOF
Cattleya Fly .. 3 ne --. 168 | Meiracyllium gemmz ... =f se 163
Cattleya Mossize qantas wad ... 184 | Nomenclature of Orchids wt Pee
Correspondence, &c. -.. fea ++ 192 | Notes... Ps ai as s+ 161
Dendrobium Beetle... pe --- 163 | Orchids at the Royal Horticultural
Dendrobium arachnites . + 175 | Society es a eas wee 185
Dendrobium Devonianum (Fig. ‘~ ++» 177 | Orchid Portraits ees on se. 185
Dendrobianum Jamesianum, treatment | Saccolabium miniatum ... See a ee
OB am Mies aes 7, v2 +-- 192 | Temple Show vie ae tee s+. 188

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Printed by special request, can ie sopliod direct from this Nursery only.
aS rails Cele anita <a

VEITCH & SONS, iRoval Exotic Murs

KING'S ROAD CHELSEA, 8.W.

gee ORCHID-REVIEW.

VoE..- IV.] JUNE, 1896. [No. 42.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during June, on the gth and 23rd
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of
12 o'clock noon.

A flower of the beautiful Odontoglossum crispum “ Princess,” to which
an Award of Merit was given by the Royal Horticultural Society on May
5th last, has been sent from the collection of W. Vanner, Esq., Camden
Wood, Chislehurst. The segments are very broad, a little stained with
lilac, and the sepals have one large and several small vinous purple blotches
above the middle, which are absent on the toothed petals.

Two flowers of a seedling Cypripedium, cut from different plants, have
been sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury.
There is a little doubt about the parentage, though it is believed to be C.
barbatum giganteum crossed with the pollen of C. Curtisii, and the flowers
are just what would be expected from such a cross. Thus they are the
reverse cross of C. X Kerchoveanum, and should bear the same name.
The dorsal sepal is broad, and much like barbatum, while the sepals are
spotted except at base and apex, and the lip rather large, showing the
influence of the other parent. Mr. Wrigley states that one has the leaves
much like C. Curtisii, and the other almost identical with barbatum.

An unspotted form of Od 1 x And comes from
the collection of De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks. The
ground colour is pale straw yellow, deeper on the lip, and the sepals much
suffused with light purple, as in Ruckerianum, while a trace of the same is
also seen in the petals.

162 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

An inflorescence of Epidendrum Stamfordianum is sent from the %
collection of W. J. Woodhead, Esq., Elton, Maghull, near Liverpool, from —
a plant collected by Mr. Woodhead during a trip through the forests and
swamps of South Mexico. It is a very attractive thing, and a plant of
this species which was exhibited at the Temple Show a year ago will long —
be remembered.

An esteemed correspondent writes that he is investigating the habits of
the Cattleya Fly on two plants of Cattleya labiata in a glass case, and —
hopes before long to be able to send us the results, which we anticipate will —
be both instructive and useful.

Two flowers from the collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq., Liscard,
Cheshire, are very near Lalia purpurata Russelliana, and one has the
petals unusually flat for this species.

A spike each of Cypripedium Chamberlainianum and C. Victoria-
Mariz have been sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge
Hall, Bury, to show the difference between them. The latter is invariably
more robust, and without the brown markings on the dorsal sepal and
petals, and the spotting on the lip, but the two species are very closely :
allied.

Cypripedium exul aureum is an unusually brilliant variety from the
collection of W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare, in which the
petals and lip are bright deep yellow in colour. The ground colour of the
dorsal sepal is also more yellow than usual. It is typical in other respects-

A most beautiful flower of Cattleya Mossie Reineckeana has been sent
from the collection of J. Wilson Potter, Esq., of Croydon, quite pan 2
shape and of the purest white, with the disc of the lip elegantly veined wit
Tosy crimson in front and with deep yellow behind. With it is a
typical form of Lelia purpurata.

A flower of the beautiful Od 1 Hu m_excellens
and O. x Ruckerianum Masoni, to ho which an Award of Merit wea
given on March 2qth last, have been sent from the collection of H. Masom
Esq., of Shipley, Yorks, through Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. They —
noted at page 125. The latter is both richly coloured and very beautifully
spotted.

i e
An exceptionally fine form of Cattleya citrina has been sent from th

collection of J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., Holmwood, Cheshunt. The se6

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 163

ments are unusually short and rounded, the petals measuring 14 inches
across, by 2} inches long, and the front lobe of the lip nearly as broad as
the petals. The flowers are more open than in the type, and there is very
little orange on the disc of the lip. A photograph shows the plant bearing
five flowers.

A very large flower of Dendrobium nobile comes from the collection of
F. H. Moore, Esq., of Liverpool. It resembles a well-developed D. nobile
nobilius in shape, but is a little lighter in colour. The plants of this type
are known as D. nobile giganteum.

A very beautiful form of Cattleya Mossie from the collection of James
Davidson, Esq., Summerville, Dumfries, has the orange-yellow in the
throat and the markings in front very well developed, and is equally good
in other respects.

ait aappigten
MEIRACYLLIUM GEMM#.

Tuis very interesting little plant has ppeared in the blisk of
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans. It was originally described by
Reichenbach in 1869 as ‘‘a little vegetable gem, with a creeping rhizome,
erect leaves, like those of a Sophronitis cernua, and beautifully amethyst-
coloured flowers standing singly. It came from Mexico, and has lately
flowered in — Saundersian collection” (Gard. Chron., 1869, p. 988).

The to S itis cernua is remarkable; indeed, until I
examined the pollen I tock it fora new species of that genus, but the
flowers are usually borne in racemes, in some cases with as many as five
each. A poor figure is given in Xenia Orchidacea, III., p. 13, t. 209, figs. 1
and 2. Two other species of this curious little genus are known, both being
natives of Central America. Its affinity has been the subject of some dis-
pute. Reichenbach, who had not then seen the pollen, originally described
it as a genus of Vandez with no affinities, and the habit of Sophronitis.

Bentham afterwards ferred it Pl hall placing it next to
Octomeria, and Pfitzer again removed it to Lelie, placing it next to
Sophronitis on account of its habit—a position, however, which is certainly
erroneous. Bentham placed it in Pleurothallee with some hesitation, re-
marking that it agreed in habit, but the pollen was more like Eria. The
remark, however, would apply just as well to Octomeria, and I believe this
is the real position of the genus. The eight pollen masses are attached in
a bundle to a common caudicle, but not toa distinct stipes and gland, of
rostellar origin, as in the Vandez, so that both habit and structure place the
plant near Octomeria. The plant was awarded a Botanical Certificate at
the recent Temple Show. R. A. R.

164 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DENDROBIUM BEETLE.
From the article in your last number it would appear that though the
larvee of this insect are only too well known, the perfect insect is “wanted”
by English naturalists. I therefore enclose one which I caught yesterday

hiding under the rhizome of Lelia tenebrosa. This plant was growing close
to a Dendrobi Phal

Schreederianum, whose stem (enclosed)
showed the hole from which it had issued, and whose leaves had shewn on
the previous day that on these it had made its first meal. I enclose a leaf
showing its peculiar method of feeding. This was done during the first
night after its escape from the chrysalis. The next night it paid attention
to the Lelia, eating the leaf in the same way as that of the Dendrobe, and
also nibbling the points off two buds, quite spoiling them, to say nothing of
devouring two roots, each about half-an-inch long. I think, therefore, I
may truly say that this beetle is, though beautiful, beastly, and as much a
pest in the perfect state as in that of larvadom. L. C. R. THRING.

[The Beetle sent is a large and very different insect to that sent by Mr.
Wrigley, but is not yet identified.—Ep. ]

Since I sent you the beetle-infested pseudobulb of Dendrobi ri
nopsis (p. 136), my gardener has found many more plants attacked by this
insect. Most of the infested pseudobulbs were at once burned, but several were
handed over to my sister’s gardener for observation and experiment, while
others were placed under a bell-glass by my man, with similar objects in view-

Tt has been proved that the perfect beetle issues from its bore-hole
during the hottest part of the day, and flies about with the greatest rapidity
and ease, settling on any pseudobulb which it may care to visit. Towards
evening the insects all disappear, either into their old holes or into new
ones bored into fresh pseudobulbs, or into fresh portions of an infested one.
I have proved that these beetles fly about my Dendrobium house, because
one was found walking up an unattached pseudobulb, and my attention was
immediately called to it. When I first saw it, boring had just commenced,
and went on at a very rapid rate, the borings being thrown out by the hind
legs of the beetle as work went on. | carefully watched the insect for
exactly half-an-hour,
pseudobulb. From careful observations I find that the beetle usually bores
right across the pseudobulb, until the outer skin is reached, which it never
Pierces, but then begins to excavate a chamber in which to produce its
larve, and in the end I Presume it dies there, when its task is completed. A

From these imperfect observations and experiments it is plain that “
beetle is a very serious pest when once it has established itself in any
Orchid house, for it breeds so rapidly, and spreads so much, that in a very
short time a collection of Dendrobes may be seriously damaged or destroyed:

when it was lost to sight, having buried itself in the

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 165

No remedial measures have the slightest effect, for a pseudobulb once bored
must decay and die in the end. By experiments it hes beep proved that the
beetle does not confine its attacks to Dendrobi psis, for I have
had to burn three plants of D. Devonianum ace were full of it, and have
also proved that it will bore into D. nobile and thyrsiflorum, and live in
their pseudobulbs.

I am doing my level best to stamp out this pest, but am very doubtful
whether I shall succeed or not.

O. O. WRIGLEY.

Bridge Hall, Bury.

peat aagigc

NOMENCLATURE OF ORCHIDS.
THE constantly increasing number of hybrid Orchids and the consequent
multiplication of names tends to make the nomenclature question a most
important one to cultivators of Orchids. It was therefore with considerable
interest that I read the very pertinent observations of the Right Hon.
Joseph Chamberlain on this subject in the May Review (p. 135), and I
think that the thanks of all Orchid lovers are due to him for his timely
interposition on behalf of law and order. In the course of some trenchant
and pointed remarks Mr. Chamberlain lays the responsibility of much of
the present confusion in nomenclature upon the Orchid Committee of the
Royal Horticultural Society, and to some extent I fear his indictment is but
too true.

Mr. Chamberlain proceeds to suggest the desirability of distinguishing
the reverse crosses of hybrids by a distinctive name, but I venture to think
that if that course were followed, instead of bringing “order out of chaos,”
it would but serve to make “‘ confusion worse confounded.” Mr. Chamber-
lain truly says that “‘ there are very great and marked differences in the
reverse crosses of different Orchids,” and appears to assume from this that
if a reverse cross happens to produce a distinct form, it is because it is a
reverse cross, and therefore, as such, should have a distinctive name. This
rather reminds one of the old fallacy, “‘ post hoc ergo propter hoc,” for it has
been demonstrated many times, by the experiments of careful observers,
that there is no intrinsic difference in reverse crosses. (See Kerner, Nat.
Hist. Pl., Eng. Ed.1I., p. 557-) I submit, therefore, that distinctive specific
names for reverse crosses would not only be superfluous, but in many cases
would be positively misleading. Ifa distinct form appears, whether in a
reverse cross or not, by all means give it a varietal name to distinguish it,
but pray let it retain the one specific name of the hybrid. On the whole, I
think no better system of nomenclature could be adopted than that con-
sistently followed in the Orchid Review, which is based upon the laws laid
down by the Paris Botanical Congress of 1867, and upon the recommenda-

166 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

tions of the Nomenclature Committee of the Royal Horticultural ociel
It is a simple system, at once practical and scientific, and would, I
Sure, meet every case and supply every need. As an illustration, I
leave to quote here an abstract of the four rules laid down for the nam
of hybrids and other crosses. (For full text see Orch. Rev., I., pp. 340~ }

(1) “ The sign of hybridity ‘x’ should be placed between the generic

and specific names.” :

(2) “ Hybrids between species should receive a Latin specific n mes

2 ee Hybrids raised from the same two parents, whether of inva e
parentage or otherwise, should be considered forms of one, and, if necessat BP
may be distinguished by the addition of a varietal name.” x

(3) ‘Hybrids between genera should receive a generic name, fo i

by combining the names of the parent genera.” 4

(4) “ Secondary hybrids, i.¢., those in which one or both parents —
themselves of hybrid origin, should receive suitable vernacular or inform =
names, like florists’ flowers.” 5 ; |

If these few simple rules had been followed Mr. Chamberlain wo! if
have had no need to complain of such anomalies as Dendrobium *
burfordiense and D. x Euryclea (reverse crosses of D. x dulce and D. 4
micans respectively). Of the others complained of, ‘“ Clio,” “ Heo
“ Dido,” “ Rainbow,” “« Luna,” “ Thalia,” and “ Rubens,” would ee a
be correctly named, as all of them are cross-breds or “secondary bya
and so come under Rule 4, each distinct form bearing a popular name, li F
roses, chrysanthemums, and other florists’ flowers.

I quite agree with M
allowed in naming vai
admitted unless they
varietal names should n
some expert and inde
the R.H.S.
much vexed q
and for all, a
and consisten

2
rt. Chamberlain in protesting against the oa
tieties of natural species. Specific names ae
have been properly examined and described, a
ot be allowed unless carefully certified as distinct a
pendent authority, such as the Orchid Coma
I sincerely hope that the time is now close at hand when f
uestion of nomenclature will be settled on a sound basis onc® :
nd I trust that all Orchid cultivators will faithfully, loyalltig
tly abide by the decision of the authorities.

; Cuarces C. Hurst.

Burbage Nurseries, Nr, Hinckley. of 7

{The Orchid Committee can hardly be expected to prevent the “a E
unauthorised names, but on various occasions they have recognised . E. '
by giving awards to plants not named in accordance with the sa
Own regulations, and this certainly ought not to have occurred. E We oa
frequently omitted unauthorised names from our reports, but it is diffic

to exclude them entirely, unless the Committee decline to recognise
them.—Ep.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 167
REGARDING CERTAIN SUPPOSED HYBRID ORCHIDS.

bes is one of the misfortunes of botanical writers that, in consequence of no
the same errors are repeated by various authors,
ee on from one publication to another, I was much struck with this
when taking up Mr. Hansen’s book, The Orchid Hybrids, the other day.
The following plants should certainly be erased as possible hybrids, as they
are nothing of the kind :—

Dendrobium Donnesiz.—It is well known that D. formosum and D.
infundibulum do not grow together, so that a natural hybrid between them
is impossible. Certain botanists consider D. infundibulum to be a mountain
form of D. formosum. It is probable that D. Donnesiz is another form.

Orchids of the same species vary considerably according to the varying
influences under which they grow. The form and shape of the bulbs differ,
as do also the flowers. D. formosum is certainly an instance of this. The
common form found in quantity at Moulmein and along the coast to Tavoy
has the bulbs much swollen in the middle ; the flowers also are distinguished
by their broad and lax petals. The form of D. formosum found in the
Andamans and adjoining islands called D. formosum Berkeleyi has much
thinner stems of even thickness throughout. The flowers are also quite
different, being more funnel-shaped, and not having lax petals. It is cer-
tainly near to D. infundibulum, and it is highly probable that D. Donnesiz
is a similar island form. We have quite enough difficulties regarding
hybrids without the repetition of errors made without sufficient information.

D. Wattii is another very doubtful hybrid.

The late Professor Reichenbach was of opinion that D. Findlayanum
was a natural hybrid between D. Aphrodite and D. gratiosissimum, but
this is absurd, as the plants grow widely apart. D. Aphrodite is essentially
a hot Orchid. I invariably found this plant growing on the top of
immensely high trees in the low hot plains of Burmah in company with D.
dixanthum and D. albosanguineum, so that a natural hybrid might be
expected between these, but up to this time none has ever turned up.

D. Findlayanum is found growing in company with D. Jamesianum and
D. gratiosissimum, principally on rocky precipices under entirely different
conditions as regards temperature, and is a plant never found in the low
country. Thus D. Findlayanum being a natural hybrid is impossible.
Perhaps the botanists may eventually decide on considering it a mountain
form of D. Aphrodite, in the same way as they consider D. infundibulum
and D. Jamesianum as mountain forms of D. formosum, but certainly let
D. Findlayanum be in future excluded as a possible hybrid.

Among the Phalenopses some of Mr. Hansen’s supposed hybrids are
still more impossible. Of course, to anyone knowing the localities any

168 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

such hybrids are absurd. Over a thousand miles separate Phalznopsis
tetraspis from P. Lueddemanniana, and P. speciosa is separated by 200
miles from its nearest allied species. Again, how nearly allied to these
plants are Phalznopsis sumatrana and P. Marie, but they also are confined
to the special islands in which they grow.

The evident disadvantages of the mistakes above commented on being
copied from book to book must be my excuse for troubling you with these
notes. It appears to me to be a mistake to repeat erroneous surmises of
the late Professor Reichenbach which never had any reliable basis. Mr.
Hansen's book seems to have been compiled with great care, and in making
these remarks I in no way intend to disparage it. The errors I point out are
not his, but are errors copied from previous works.

Emeric S. DERsEE

[We think there was no excuse for including Dendrobi
in the list of hybrids, as the suggestion thrown out by S ojabenkack 4 in 1876
(Xen: Orch., II., p. 210) has not been repeated—at all events in any
important work—and the author himself omitted all reference to it in the
following year (Gard. Chron., 1877, vii., p. 334). At the present day the
suggestion is absurd, and it is certainly not a variety of D. Aphrodite. D.
Donnesiz is only a form of D. infundibulum, and shows no trace of the
influence of D. formosum, as we should have pointed out before had we
happened to have seen it. We consider D. formosum to be specifically distinct
from D. infundibulum, but we cannot say as much for D. Jamesianum.
There does not appear to be any reason for supposing that D. Wattii is a
natural hybrid, and the remark about Phalenopsis speciosa is very well
described by General Berkeley as absurd. There are a number of other
plants wrongly included by Mr. Hansen as natural hybrids, even after the
errors have been pointed out, of which Cattleya velutina may be taken as
an example, and we fully agree in thinking it a mistake to repeat these
mistakes. Such plants might have been included in a list headed ‘‘ doubt-
ful or erroneous,” but are out of place elsewhere.—Ep.]

CATTLEYA FLY.

I HAVE watched with interest the observations in your journal since
January regarding this pest, and agree with you and Mr. Millington that it
is the black fly, and not Mr. Hamilton’s (p. 87) “‘ blue and yellow markings.”

Early last year I bought established plants of Cattleya from a nursery-
man, and they literally swarmed with it in all stages; but, being a novice,
it was some time before I discovered it. From these many of my old stock
got it, including Lelias. After twelve months’ careful watching and cutting
I got rid of it, leaving me many dilapidated plants.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 169

This year I bought a few more “fine selected” plants, and within a
month I found I had replenished my stock of fine ‘‘ black” and grubs in
plenty. Needless to say, the knife went to work, and I think I have saved
my bacon. Wherever there is a hole in an old bulb, off with it, and if you
split it up, the chances are you'll find the fly or eggs. “ XL.” will kill them
if they get out, but it won’t get at the grubs; it is only when full-grown that
the fly eats its way out and begins the mischief of laying its eggs elsewhere.
The curious thing is, one cannot detect how the grub gets into the new
growth—at least, I have failed to do so. [Eggs laid inside.—Eb.]

“ WELLINGTON.”

A HYBRIDIST’S NOTES.

Mr. Cooxson’s notes on the time of ripening seed at page 112 of the April
number are valuable, especially since his experience differs from mine
in a number of points. The time required here is doubtless shortened by
the intense sunlight, this latitude being the same as that of central Egypt,
and for at least half the year the sun is so powerful that it is impossible
to handle metal objects lying in full sunlight without gloves, their temper-
ature rising to about 160° F., even when the shade temperature near by is
quite comfortable. As to the warning that seeds are not to be counted
good unless they produce plants, I have rarely found seeds that look really
plump and well-developed under the microscope to fail to pass through the
earlier stages of germination, increasing in size five or six-fold and develop-
ing plenty of chlorophyll, which would certainly show them to be alive.
The exceptions have almost all been seeds with one parent ranked as “‘ cool.”
These swell up, but fail to take on a lively green colour, and after some
months usually die without further growth.

I have raised healthy plants from half-a-dozen Lelia and Cattleya
crosses which were but seven and eight months in ripening seed, and in
one case, C. amethystoglossa crossed with L. flava and L. harpophylla (on
the same flower), the pod ripened in 43 months, and within six weeks of
planting the seed I had one plant with a leaf three-eighths of an inch long,
besides innumerable smaller plants just ready to push the leaf. On the
other hand some crosses have lingered as long in the seed-pod as any
recorded in England.

The Editor’s suggestion that several flowers on the same plant should
be crossed at the same time with different pollen, and the time recorded,
has already been carried into effect, with the following results :—In October,
1894, I had three flowers on the same spike of Cattleya Warscewiczii, and
crossed one with pollen of C. velutina ; another with L. Perrinii, C. Bow-

170 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ringiana, C. Dormaniana, and C. superba together; and the third with C.
Triane and C. Percivaliana. The first pod opened at 10 months, the
second at eleven, and the third has just opened at 173 months. The. pods
all contained an abundance of viable seeds, many of which are still alive,
and those of the second are quite promising in appearance. In November,
1894, with four flowers on the same plant of C. Trianz virginalis, I crossed
one with L. anceps alba, ripe in 9} months; one with C. Walkeriana, ripe
in 11} months; one with C. labiata, ripe in 13}; and one with L. crispilabia,
not yet ripe at 17 months; all of which seems to indicate a decided
influence on the part of the pollen parent.

To simplify the matter of records I use circular tags—cut from letter
paper by a gun-wad punch—each attached to the pedicel of the hybridized
flower by a loop of thread, and bearing the names, in pencil, of both
parents and the date. In the note book the completed record would read
as in the following example :—

» 1895.
May 15. C. Mossie x L. grandis ({—5 da.) 1. !
Ripe March 10, 1896, 10 months.

The amount of pollen used is given by the fraction in the parentheses
(the quantity yielded by one flower being taken as unity), the “5 da.”
indicates that the pollen had been kept five days before using, and the “1”
outside the parentheses, that only one flower was thus crossed. Whenever —
the pod dies instead of ripening, the tag is removed, and if any consider-
able time has elapsed since pollination, the date of death is entered on its
back, and at any convenient time thereafter this date is entered in the note
book, a naught (0) takes the place of the exclamation point at the end of
line, and the tag is destroyed. In a rough way the time that elapses before
the death of the pod gives a hint as to the amount of affinity between the
species crossed, though single cases will often be misleading. My note book
already contains over 1,500 entries of attempted crosses made during the
last three years, and 230 apparently good pods have been gathered so far.

When the pod ripens it is cut off and put in a paper bag about four by
seven inches, name of cross and dates entered at the top, and dates and
manner of planting entered below. These bags, when empty, are filed in
alphabetical order, according to name of female parent, like library catalogue
cards, and the further progress of the seedlings noted on them as may seem
desirable, so that the whole history of every pod is on file and may be
referred to at any moment.

My rule is to make all the crosses possible with my material, that is, all
in which there is a reasonable chance of getting good seed, without regard
to the fact that many crosses would probably be worthless from 4
commercial or even horticultural point of view. I have made also a g

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 171

many of what Charles Darwin used to call “fool’s experiments,” as to
differeat materials on which to grow the seeds, and it may surprise some
growers to hear how very regardless of precedent some of my Cattleya
hybrids have been, since I have raised them successfully to the leaf and
root stage not only on fibrous peat and wood and earthenware, but an
occasional plant has grown on corduroy and Canton flannel and linen
towelling, on bibulous paper, and even on woollen fabrics. I grew more
than a hundred fine little plants of C. intermedia x Harrisoniana to the
leaf stage on a small piece of woollen bed blanket, happening to get the
conditions of moisture, &c., just right for them. On these fabrics growth
is usually much slower than under more natural conditions, but they escape
many enemies, both insects and moulds, that find congenial quarters in
fibrous peat and other composts, and destroy the great majority of seeds
while still in the thalloid stage.

In my former notes in the February issue the sentence above the
tabulations (at page 42) is printed so as to contradict the preceding correct
statement, that the given average time of ripening seed is that of all my
crosses on the given species—not the normal time for uncrossed pods,
which statement should be cancelled. The sign “+” is equivalent to
“and,” indicating that more than one kind of pollen was used on the same
flower.

THEODORE L. MEAD.
Oviedo, Florida, U.S.A.,
May 4th, 1896.

[The mistake alluded to in the last paragraph arose through a little
alteration made by us in the arrangement of the tabulated part and the
preceding explanatory paragraph. The fact is the number of months
following the parents indicated represents the average time of ripening of
all crosses on those species, and the table therefore represents the amount
of variability in the periods of ripening under varying circumstances, and is
not adduced in support of the remark that the time of ripening of any
crossed capsule seemed to tend towards a mean between the normal
ripening time of the two parents, as we supposed. Some experiments with
uncrossed capsules would be very interesting, and possibly throw light on
this question. The cases now adduced are remarkable, and we should
particularly like to know the result of the multiple crosses mentioned when
they flower. We shall recur to the question. Meantime, we hope others
will send us their experiences.—Eb.]

172 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
DIES ORCHIDIANZ,

I HAVE frequently called attention to the Nomenclature question, and,
consequently, I read Mr. Chamberlain’s remarks in your last issue (page 133)
with considerable interest, especially as a little discussion may clear up some
of the doubtful points involved. Mr. Chamberlain very well points out that the
present confusion is almost a scandal, and threatens to become intolerable
as time goes on, for which he partly blames the Orchid Committee of the
Royal Horticultural Society, who are supposed to have certain rules for their
guidance, but only put them in practice occasionally. One point which he,
brings prominently forward is the naming of reverse crosses, and he thinks
that the rule that a reverse cross is not entitled to a distinctive name is
open to criticism, as these often show great and marked differences. But
then, this is frequently the case with seedlings out of the same pod, while in
many cases reverse crosses do not present any appreciable difference, so
that the rule breaks down pletely. Selenipedium x Sedeni, as raised
from the reversed cross, is absolutely indistinguishable, and numerous other
cases could be pointed out. I therefore think that the Orchid Committee
are right in refusing reverse crosses a separate name, and even a varietal
name I would only allow when there was some distinctive character by
which such a plant could be distinguished, just as in the case of different
seedlings out of the same pod. Mr. Chamberlain is undoubtedly right in
his contention that some authentic quality should be attached to every
distinctive name, and this would not be the case if every reverse cross were
to receive a distinct name. The two will not run together, and now that
the Orchid Committee have recognised the principle I hope they will ©
carry it out consistently in future. There is plenty of room for
improvement.

Mr. Chamberlain also remarks that the latitude allowed to what are
called “‘varieties” is even worse than the loose treatment of hybrids.
Every nurseryman and every amateur is permitted at his own sweet will to
affix a distinctive name to any plant that strikes his fancy, and as there is
no rule and no authority, so there is no limit to the abuse of the practice.
With this I thoroughly agree. Hardly a meeting of the Royal Horti-
cultural Society passes without a number of new names appearing, many of
which fail to serve any useful purpose. And what is the result ?. Some one
has a Cattleya Mossiz, let us say, that is not quite the same as others he
has, so it is labelled Mr. Blank’s variety, or Blank Lodge variety. Perhaps
it is good, and receives an Award, but whether or no, it catches the reporter’s
eye and is duly recorded. Some, it is true, are ignored—possibly it is not

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 173

thought good enough to be noticed, or it may be recognised as something
else, but a good many do get recorded in a useless kind of way, for even
when they really deserve a varietal name their particular character is not
recorded, and when afterwards some one wants to find out what Mr.
Blank’s variety is like he cannot ascertain, and perhaps gives it another
name. And even if its character is recorded the result is much the same
under the present go-as-you-please policy, for is it a notorious fact that
many varieties have several different names, and some species of Orchids
have more named varieties than there are distinct varieties to name. And
still they come.

The remedy suggested is that the Orchid Committee should establish a
“ Hall Mark” for valuable Orchids that would be recognised by cultivators.
But it seems to me that the Certificates already granted by the Society
fulfil this purpose to a great extent, and would do so entirely if the rules
supposed to be in force were always carried into effect. And even if the
new idea were carried out, it would leave things much as they are, unless a
new rule were made to the effect that new names should only be given by
competent experts. This would probably be the most effectual check to the
present growing evil, and would ensure an approach to an orderly and
scientific nomenclature.

The Gardeners’ Chronicle for May 16th (p. 614) alludes to Mr. Chamber-
lain’s article, and I agree with a good deal that is said. “It was hoped,”
it remarks, “that when the Nomenclature Committee issued its code that
horticulturists also would adopt the rules, and that there would be less
reason for protests such as Mr. Chamberlain now makes. Unfortunately,
things go on as before, if not worse. The Orchid Committee is blamed for
this state of things, and to some extent it is doubtless responsible. It
must, however, be borne in mind that the ordinary meetings of the Com-
mittee afford no more fitting opportunities for the discussion of intricate
points of affinity or nomenclatare than the House of Commons does for the
consideration of the racial differences between Boers and Kaffirs, Teutons
and Britons, or the limitations, geographic or otherwise, between Venezuela,
Guiana, and Brazil. One way out of the difficulty is to appoint a Com-
mittee of experts to determine the general points at issue, and arrive at
some conclusion, arbitrary or otherwise, on points of detail as they arise.
This, as has been stated, has already been done, so far as generalities are
concerned ; but who pays heed to the enactments? Who is to enforce
them? The rules for nomenclature, with one or two exceptions, where
commercial bias was allowed to over-ride scientific interests, are very good

174 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

as they stand, and if people would only follow them there would not be
much to complain of.”

As to the kinds of name to be given, the same article observes: * It is,
as a rule, not desirable to apply to a plant a name descriptive of its
peculiarities, or indicative of its history. . . . A name should be a
name and nothing else. It should not be description ; still less should it
be a detached fragment of sustory: Nothing but confusion arises from the
attempt to blend with d ipti and specially with the
history of the plant.” Now, I confess this is a strange and startling
doctrine, if it means what it really says. What about Vanda coerulea, and
Broughtonia sanguinea? Is not Selenipedium caudatum descriptive? Is
Coryanthes | rys obj bl because it describes the peculiarities
of the species? Does noe Phal t contain a fragment of
history ? These are only cases selected at random, and might be multiplied
ad infinitum, but where does the confusion come in? I have read similar
remarks before, or I should be inclined to pass them over. As it is I
should much like a few examples of the names which the writer is tilting at
together with some of the ideal names recommended, for I confess that I
cannot follow him.

The writer is also strongly of opinion that the Latin system of nomen-
clature should not be followed in the naming of hybrids, but that the
practice of the florists should be scoeeaginn With this I do not agree, and
it is not in accord with the i of the N lature Com-
mittee above alluded to.

On former occasions I have gone pretty fully
into this question of the vernacular, and have not time to follow it further
at present, so will merely refer the writer to pages 12, 200, and 228 of the
last volume of this work, which have some bearing on the question.

My last month’s correspondent will doubtless be looking out for some
remarks about the “blue Cattleya.” I have seen it. It was exhibited by
Mr. Smee at the Royal Horticultural Society's meeting on May 5th last
With admirable foresight Mr. Smee had pasted the catalogue description
on a piece of cardboard, and exhibited it with the plant. It was a wise
percaution, for otherwise I should not have recognised it, and I suspect
others would have been in the same predicament. Will some one send me
an essay on that “ blue Cattleya?”

ARGUS:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 175

DENDROBIUM ARACHNITES.

AT the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on June 25, 1895, a Botanical
Certificate was given to a curious little Dendrobium from the collection of
J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate, under the name of D. inversum,
which was recorded in the report of the meeting (supra, III., p. 253) as
“about two inches high, and bore a two-flowered inflorescence of the size
and colour of Lelia cinnabarina, with a few purple lines on the lip.” It
was again exhibited on May 5th last, when bearing four flowers, but on
comparison it proves to be Dendrobium Arachnites, a species described by
Reichenbach in 1874. The author remarked :—

‘Since the time when Sir William icacand described his unique Den-
drobium amboinense, no such and dinary gorgeous
Dendrobe has been discovered. Imagine a dwarf stem three inches high,
with shining internodes a little thicker at their upper ends, and then add a
flower with linear sepals and petals, nearly two inches long when dried, and
a long pandurate lip narrowed towards its obtuse tip. All these organs
appear, when dried, whitish yellow, with a deep lilac blotch at the base of
the lip. I have only a single flower, not cohering with the stem. To judge,
however, from the little scars on the stem, it must be a Eudendrobium. I
believe a single plant of it has been found in Burmah by Mr. Boxall, who
must have been filled with enthusiasm at the sight, since he dried it! One
feels that the Burmese plants incline to the Malayan type, since i is im-
possible not to think of Renanthera flos-aeris (A
I was favoured with the flower and two stems by Mr. Low. Of course I
can only describe the things as they are, and am unable to say that the
stems may not become longer.’—Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1874, ii., p. 354-

Except as regards colour, the above description gives a very fair idea of
the plant, of which nothing further seems to have been discovered for many
years, for Messrs. Veitch in their Manual (III., p. 18) state that the only plant
they knew of was in the collection of Mr. Lee, at Downside, through whose
kindness they were enabled to give a description. A flower preserved at
Kew came from the collection of Baron Schréder in June, 1887, which may
possibly have been from Mr. Lee’s original plant, as the Downside
collection was distributed, and only one plant had ever been recorded.

It is a beautiful little plant, allied to D. nutans, Lindl., but remarkable
for its very dwarf tufted habit and large brilliantly coloured flowers. It is
about two to three inches high, with linear-lanceolate acute leaves, 1}-2}
inches long, and deciduous before the flowers appear. The latter are borne
in fascicles of two or three and are 1} inches long, deep cinnabar-orange,
with red purple veins on the lip. The sepals and petals are linear-lanceolate
and subequal, and the lip pandurate-oblong and acute. Mr. Bradshaw

4
176 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
received his plant from Burmah, and more of it may some day appear. Of
course the original name must be restored. R, Aa Re
—

CATASETUM MACROCARPUM AND C. BARBATUM.

The female flowers of Catasetum macrocarpum are so rarely seen in
cultivation that it may be interesting to record that one has just appeared
at Kew on a raceme with three of the other sex. The males are familiar
to most orchidists, and the females are depicted at plate 1752 of the
Botanical Register, but as many people may not be able to refer to that
figure, it may be added that the lip is larger and more ovoid, the ovary
very much stouter, and the column very short and stout, and without any
antenne. In the present example the petals were almost suffused with
dusky brown—as were also’ the males, which are notoriously variable in
colour in different individuals of this species—and the anther was nearly
half developed, showing that it was partially in a transition state. A
peculiarity of the female flowers, which has been recorded before, is that they
reach maturity sooner than the males, and in the present instance the
second flower was the female, yet it opened a week in advance of those,
above and below it. A plate has been prepared for the Botanical Magazine.
The history of this very interesting genus and its so-called “ sporting,” and
how the females of four different species were confused under the name of
Monachanthus viridis, has already been detailed in the Review (supra, III.»
Pp. 138-143). 4 :

It is also interesting to record that the plant of Catasetum barbatum im
the collection of John W. Arkle, Esq., of West Derby, Liverpool, mentioned
at page 131 of the last volume, has again produced a raceme of female
flowers, six in number. It is perfectly erect, and the flowers are entirely
light yellowish green, except for a few minute brown spots on the margins
of two of the flowers. The latter are only half the size of the females of C.
macrocarpum, which were formerly confounded with it, the sepals, petals,
and lips being seven to eight lines long, and the latter six lines broad. The
column is shorter than broad, without any trace of either antenne, rostel
lum, or anther. Their second appearance on this plant is very interesting,
as they are so seldom seen in many other species. The female of this
species is the one investigated and figured by Darwin as the female of
Catasetum tridentatum, which I have previously shown to be erroneous:
There are still many species of which the females are unknown, but it 1S
to be hoped that in course of time they may be discovered.

R, A, ROLFE:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 177

DENDROBIUM DEVONIANUM.
THE annexed illustration is reproduced from a photograph of the beautiful
Dendrobium Devonianum, sent by Dr. A. W. Hoisholt, Stockton,

California, and shows the peculiar character of this charming plant when

well grown. The pseudobulbs are literally wreathed with flowers, some of

which had to be omitted. A se

oynd photograph sent, shows the entire

plant, with the two flowering bulbs suspended about the middle, on account

178 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

by Gibson, who had been sent to India by the Duke of Devonshire to
collect Orchids. It was found hanging from trees at about 4,500 feet
elevation, and being out of flower it was a question whether it was worth
collecting. Some flowers, however, appeared on the way home, where it
arrived in 1837, and the following spring it flowered well at Chatsworth,
being figured in 1840 by Paxton (Mag. of Bot., VII, pp. 169, 170, with
plate and woodcut), who dedicated it to the Duke of Devonshire. It was
afterwards figured at Plate 4429 of the Botanical Magazine. Lindley called
it the King of Dendrobiums (Bot. Reg., XXX., Misc., p. 48). Singularly
enough this author afterwards made it a synonym of D. pulchellum, Roxb.
(Journ. Linn. Soc., II., p- 12), and even Reichenbach called it D. pulchellum
var. Devonianum (Walp. Ann., VI., p. 284), though in reality it is very
distinct. D. pulchellum also includes two very distinct plants, whose
history is given at page 173 of our last volume.

D. Devonianum ranges from Bhotan, the Khasia and Naga Hills,
Assam, and southwards to Tenasserim. The typical form has white flowers
with amethyst purple tips, and two large orange-yellow blotches at the base
of the beautifully fringed lip, but two or three varieties are known, including
the albino candidulum, and one called rhodoneurum, in which the sepals and
petals are veined with purple. They are very beautiful, and succeed under
the treatmént usually given to other species of the deciduous group.

——

SACCOLABIUM MINIATUM.

SoME curious mistakes have been made in recording the localities of various
garden Orchids, and it now appears that the beautiful little Saccolabium
miniatum has not escaped this misfortune. It was described nearly half-a-
century ago as a native of Java (Lindl. Bot. Reg., 1847, sub t. 26), but no
one has been able to confirm the record ; and many years later Reichenbach
added a variety citrinum, a supposed native of the Philippines (Gard. Chrom-»
1884, xxi., p. 542), which is equally doubtful. It is iriteresting to note that
one of the plants recently sent to Kew by Dr. Watt, from the Naga Hills
(east of Khasia), at 6,000 to 9,000 feet elevation, proves on flowering to be
this species, and as until quite recently very little was known of the Flora
of this district, there is little doubt that the habitat of the plant has now
been discovered. The species was originally described as “a Java plant
imported by Messrs. Veitch and flowered by both Mr. Rucker and Mr. C-
B. Warner.” Dr. Lindley, however, added that it was not to be traced
among Blume’s Javan plants, and afterwards Miquel was only able t?
include it in the Javan Flora on the authority of Lindley. Messrs. Veitch
state—“ Introduced by us from Java in 1846 through Thomas Lobb, but

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 179

now very rarely to be seen in the Orchid collections of this country”
(Veitch Man. Orch., vii, p. 117). Unfortunately, the localities of some of
Lobb’s plants were confused—a fact well known—and it is highly probable
that Lobb met with the species during his journey to Khasia. The species
is not included in the Flora of British India, and no wild specimens are
known, but considering our limited knowledge of the Flora of the district
in question this is not surprising. A figure was given by Lindley soon
after the original description appeared (Bot. Reg., 1847, t. 58), but the one
given in the Botanical Magazine (t. 5326), as S. miniatum is erroneous,
being the allied S. curvifolium, Lindl., which has different leaves and
larger flowers. It is probable that Lindley himself fell into the same error,
for one of the two racemes preserved on the sheet in Lindley’s Herbarium
belongs to S. curvifolium, and this is presumably the one alluded to as from
Mr. C. B. Warner, but unfortunately its origin is not stated. The other
one is carefully labelled “‘ Java, Mr. Rucker, 27 Feb., 1847,” and is the one
from which the figure was prepared, and therefore the type specimen. It
is remarkable how many errors have been incorporated into the history of
this pretty little plant.
RSAER:

ee

DRYING ORCHID FLOWERS.

A CORRESPONDENT writes asking the best way of drying Orchid flowers, so
as to keep their colour, and suggests that some notes on the subject in
the Orchid Review would be interesting to other readers. If it is desired to
preserve the shape as well as the colour, the flowers may be placed in a
box, on a layer of dry sand, the ovary being first cut off to facilitate drying,
after which the box may be carefully filled up with sand and placed in a
warm place for a few days, until the moisture has evaporated. The secret
is to get the flower dried before the tissues become at all decomposed, and,
if this is done, many Orchids keep their colours very well for a long period.
An account of this method was given at page 233 of our first volume.
Dried in this way, however, they are not so easily stored afterwards as
when pressed flat, which is the method we should recommend. The flowers
should be laid between sheets of porous paper of some kind—blotting paper
answers well—and then placed under a moderate weight, changing the
papers every day or two, until the flowers are dry. Plenty of paper should
be used, so as to absorb the moisture. The flowers can then be mounted
on sheets, or stored between the leaves of scrap-books, care being taken to
arrange them in such a way that they can be found when wanted. Some
varnish them after mounting, and say it helps to preserve the colours; but
it gives them an unnatural shiny appearance, which we do not admire. A

180 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

certain amount of heat facilitates the process of drying in any case. Some
flowers, however—such as Lycastes and other fleshy kinds—invariably go
brown in drying, and we know of no method by which this change can be
averted. The process is exceedingly simple, and the way in which the
colours of many flowers—such as Odontoglossums, Oncidiums, and Den-
drobiums—are preserved for a long period is remarkable. Two or three
collections have been exhited at meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society
within the last year or so, as was recorded in our pages at the time.

Baty erst

AN INTERESTING EXPERIMENT.

Mr. T. L. Meap, of Oviedo, Florida, writes :—‘‘ I have just made arrange-
ments to try a new experiment in Orchid seed culture. Many Orchids are
rarely if ever found wild at less than 30 or 40 feet from the ground, even
when other circumstances seem to favour them. So I have built a small
platform in the top of a live oak, about 45 feet from the ground, and cons
veniently accessible by ladders, where 1 propose to try—under varied
conditions as to moisture and exposure—seeds of some thirty or forty
different Orchid crosses, including pods from Vanda ccerulea and Cattleya
citrina, which are thought difficult to manage under glass. It is said that
resident Orchid amateurs in the city of Mexico find the adult plants to grow
much better on the housetops than in the garden, with equal attention as §
watering, so I have considerable hope of good results from the experiment.
We shall hope to hear the results. It would be interesting to note the
daily range of temperature in the two situations, and any other obvious
differences which might suggest the cause of any variation in the results
obtained.

_

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JUNE.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.
THE temperatures given for last month should be maintained in all depart:
ments, and the shading, airing, and damping down well attended to, which
is a matter of great importance.

On the Cattleya and Laelia houses, also the Dendrobium and other warm
houses, the roller blinds should be removed rather early in the afternoon
say from 3 to 5 o'clock, according to the aspect of the house—and at the
same time the ventilation should be reduced and a thorough damping down
given. Spraying the plants also overhead is beneficial. In fact, at this
Season, when the weather is bright and hot, a good drenching overhea
with soft warm water when the house is closed is often practised with very

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 181

good results. . But when this is done it is necessary to be a little careful
with some few things whose young growths are in the habit of damping off.
When plants are healthy, however, and the conditions well attended to, as
advised, the plants that damp are few and far between, though one or two
Dendrobiums are likely to do so, particularly D. Benson# and D. superbum.
The houses so closed and damped down will become beautifully warmed, and
a lovely growing temperature will be generated that will last throughout the
night without the assistance of fire heat, although it is frequently advan-
tageous, and even necessary, to have a slight warmth in the pipes during
the night in the warmest departments, that is, the Dendrobium and East
Indian houses. When finally closing the houses in this manner for the
day, I always like to leave the ventilators more or less open at the bottom,
according to the conditions of the weather. And it must be remembered
that the above treatment is good only for Orchids that require much
warmth during the growing season. For cool Orchids it would be fatal.

Although I have given the above method of cultivation as being a good
one for the encouragement of free and healthy growth, it is not the best for
Orchids that are in flower, that is supposing the blooms are required to
last in perfection, for they are soon rendered spotted and useless by the
damp. Even without the overhead syringing the flowers of any Orchid
will spot just the same if there is no warmth in the hot-water pipes during
the night. Failing this the flowers will not remain perfect without an
abundance of air, such, for instance, as is given to the Cool house. We get
over this difficulty by keeping a little house expressly for Orchids in flower.
The is and is thus suitable for all except the Cool
Qrchided A little heat is always in the pipes to keep down the damp, and
the house is also well ventilated, and not only do the flowers last a long
while in perfection, but the temperature is the very best in which to grow
the maidenhair fern (Adiantum cuneatum), and it therefore answers a double
purpose, a Fern house and an Orchid Show house. An illustration of this
house was given at page 241 of the last volume.

In such a house how well the Orchids are set off, and what a pretty
show they make, especially at this time of year. The gorgeous Cattleyas
Mossie and Mendelii, and the not less showy Lelia purpurata, the
benntitoh. Miltonia vexillaria, and the truly charming drooping spikes of
are only a few of those that could be mentioned.
Take care that the flowers of none are left on the plants too long, so as to
‘cause exhaustion. In this respect much depends upon the strength and
condition of the plants. If strong, the fact of blooming is nothing, but
weakly shrivelled specimens, if allowed to bloom at all, should have their
spikes removed as early as possible and placed in water.

The Cattleyas Mossie and Mendelii, and others that still remain, will

182 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

this month take their turn at the potting bench, and have done to them
what may be required. The usual compost and the usual method of
potting, as before given, should be meted out to the whole of this genus.
When doing C. Bowringiana let them be potted rather high up, as the
thizome strikes a downward course, and if not well raised will soon get
below the level of the rim. That most beautiful Cattleya Dowiana aurea,
if not already done up and made comfortable, should be delayed no longer.
This species does not possess the vigorous constitution of many others of
the same genus. Our dull winters seem to rob it of a good deal of vitality,
and much trouble is experienced where the air is laden with smoke, never
theless, with careful attention, it does fairly well. We grow ours in rather
more warmth than is given to the majority, and also C. Eldorado, ©
I , C. Luedd i and C. Aclandiz; in fact, the last-
named does best suspended in baskets with the Dendrobiums. C. Skinnetl
is very showy now in bloom, and is easily grown, and requires nothing more
than what the Cattleya house affords. The C. Warscewiczii (gigas) ate
now growing apace in their position at the lightest part of the house. The
flower sheaths are showing this time on nearly every plant, large and
small, as though it was a species most prolific, which is rather unusual.
What can be the cause? Perhaps—as seems very feasible—it is the result
of the particularly bright and hot autumn of last year.

Get on with the potting generally wherever it is practicable. The
Miltonia vexillarias may now be done.

Unless very successful with this
species, do not aim at growing them into too large specimens, as it usually
ends in failure. It is safer to keep them in small pots, and when a plant
teaches large dimensions it is better to divide it and make smaller ones:
Drain the pots—48's or 32's are the most suitable—about three-parts full
with clean crocks, intermixed with a little charcoal. The top layer of crocks
should be broken small. Use good fibrous peat and fresh sphagnum moss
in equal proportions. Raise the plants rather high, and build the compost
well up to the base of the last formed pseudobulb, so that the roots may
speedily enter, and make sure that the plant is well supported where
necessary with neat sticks until it is self-supporting. Odontoglossum
citrosmum should also be repotted if necessary. It is an Orchid requiring
but little“root disturbance, and should be placed in pans or baskets in #
firm compost of two parts peat and one part sphagnum moss, and sus-
pended.

It will not be an easy matter to keep the atmosphere at this time of the
year too moist, especially for the Cool house Orchids, the great volume of
ventilation soon drying it up. Thrips, Aphides, and other pests, which
are the frequent cause of so much mischief, are apt to increase rather
quickly in this house at this season, and these it is absolutely necessary

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 183

keep under at all costs. This department is still very gay. Odontoglossums
crispum and O. Pescatorei are now seen to the best advantage. As a ser-
viceable and showy Orchid the first-named can never be beaten, and small
wonder that it is such a general favourite and grown in such enormous
quantities. Nothing can possibly look nicer than a house full of this species
in bloom, as they are at the present time, intermixed with a few O.
polyxanthum, O. Hallii, O. luteopurpureum, O. x elegans, O. X Coradinei,
and other yellow and chocolate-coloured species in their ever-varying hues
and degrees of brightness. The culture of the whole of the above is of the
simplest character. They require repotting about once in every two years
—they may go as long as three—but should be top-dressed annually. The
compost should be of the usual peat and moss, and the potting done some-
what firmly. They like plenty of water during the summer, but should not
be continually saturated. If treated in such a way, with free ventilation,
they cannot fail to grow. But as I have said before, one thing is most
particular, and must be strictly observed, namely, repotting them when in
the right condition, which is when the new growths are one or two inches
long. This may be at any time from now until the autumn months.

Oncidium Marshallianum, O. concolor, and O. olivaceum (cucullatum)
are others now in flower. They are best grown in pans or baskets and
suspended, otherwise the culture required is similar in every respect to
other cool Orchids. Oncidium candidum, sometimes called Palumbina
candida, is now pushing its flower spikes. This species, like O. cheiro-
phorum, a pretty little thing that flowers in autumn, does best under pan
or basket culture. They grow well in the Cool house for the summer, but
are better for intermediate treatment in winter.

Lycastes are now growing apace, and if they are to be repotted should
be done at once. They like a rather more substantial compost. The peat,
therefore, need not be of the best quality, or a little fibrous loam can be
mixed in. Lycastes are also better in the Intermediate house during
winter, though they will stand a low degree of temperature if not over-
watered. They are frequently lost through being kept too wet, especially
L. Skinneri, which even when in full growth should be watered carefully.
L. aromatica, L. cruenta, and L. Deppei, having been well rested since
their last pseudobulbs were completed, are now producing a quantity of
flower buds from their base. The new growths also appear from there
simultaneously, and when these are seen they should be repotted, or they
may be left over until the flowers have faded. If the latter course is
adopted the new growths and roots will have grown very much in the
interval, consequently the check will be greater. Bifrenaria Harrisonie
(Lycaste Harrisoniz) is a very pretty old Orchid, and requires about the
same treatment and warmth as for the Lycastes in general. It is not a

184 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

particularly shy one to flower, yet it is by no means a floriferous one. I
have never seen a specimen with a large quantity of flowers opened at the
same time, as it produces them singly and in pairs at various times during
the spring and summer months. I have noticed it flowers much better,
however, if given a long dry rest throughout the winter.

The house where the Phalenopses are growing must now be kept very
moist and warm and well shaded. The plants themselves may be sprayed
with warm water two or three times daily. The deciduous Calanthes will now
require a little more water at the root. They also delight in a good heat
now that they are in active growth. Sobralia macrantha is now just
commencing to flower, and may be assisted by a little weak liquid manure.
Many of the Dendrobiums, Chysis, Galeandras, and such like Orchids that
have been potted up, are making good growth, and getting well rooted,
and may now receive a good supply of water. Ccelogyne Dayana is now
bearing its interesting spikes of flowers, three or four feet in length. It is
rather a warm growing species, and does best in the East Indian house.
“Cirrhopetalums and Bulb phy are perhaps among the most curious and
interesting of Orchids. They grow best suspended, and prefer rather @
warm temperature. Like the Dendrobiums, they must have a good
winter’s rest, or they bloom unsatisfactorily. I find that these peculiar
little Orchids are none the better for very strong heat, such as is given to
Phalznopses and some of the hotter-growing Dendrobiums, but prefer to
be grown with the more temperate Dendrobes, such for instance as Ds
nobile, D. Wardianum, and such like species. Diacrium bicornutum §
now in flower. It isa very handsome Orchid when well grown, and should
be kept in the warmest house. By keeping it to very small pans, and
giving a complete change of sweet fresh material each year, it will grow
fairly well, and present a very respectable appearance, though it has rarely
ever been known to put on such large pseudobulbs as it does in its native
habitat.

we

Hg apg

CATTLEYA MOSSIZ GRANDIS.

Many of the named forms of Cattleya Mossiz have been lost sight of, and
it is rather difficult to recognise them again from description. There is on®
very marked form, however, in several collections to which the above name
was applied many years ago, when it was described by Mr. T. Moore as
“ the largest of all the forms in respect to the size ofits lip ; sepals and petals
pale blush ; lip mottled violet rose, with an irregular blush coloured edge
the base stained with buff-orange.” (Gard. Chron., 1864, p- 354) 4
gigantic flower has been sent from the collection of Sir Frederick Wiga?,
Clare Lawn, East Sheen, in which the petals ure over 4} inches long by

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 185

3 inches broad, the other parts being proportionate. The front of the lip is
less veined with crimson-purple than usual. There is a similar form in the
collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, and one in that of W. Davies, Esq.,
Moxhull Hall, Erdington, and it is probably represented elsewhere, and
will be recognised from this description.

‘ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ANGR&cuM Leonis.—Journ. of Hort., May 14, p. 439, fig. 71.

CocuHLiopaA N@tziana, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7474.

CypRIPEDIUM X CREON.—Journ. of Hort., May 21, p. 467, fig. 77.

CypRIPEDIUM X MEROPs.—Gard. Mag., May 9, p. 302, with fig.

CyprRIPEDIUM X SCHOFIELDIANUM.—Gard. Mag., May 2, p. 283, with
fig.

DENDROBIUM CYMBIDIOIDES.—Gard. Chron., May 9, p. 581, fig. go.

DENDROBIUM X WiGANI#.—Gard. Chron., May 2, p. 553, fig. 84.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X DicByano-Mossi&.—Gard. World., May 16, p. 598,
with fig.

MASDEVALLIA CORNICULATA, Rchb. f., VAR. INFLATA, Veitch.—Bot. Mag.,
t. 7476.

ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AUGUSTUM.—Gard. Chron., May, p. 646, fig.
106 ; Jonrn of Hort., May 28, p. 485, fig. 80.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
THE display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on
the 5th May, was more extensive than at most meetings immediately
preceding the great Temple Show, and included a considerable number of
interesting things.

A small group from the collection of Baron Sir H. Scréder, The Dell,
Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), received a Silver Flora Medal. It contained
the very beautiful Lzlio-cattleya x Digbyano-Mossie, the two flowers
being of great size, ee inks perfect condition; a large and well-flowered
Lowii, in which the lip is cream-white

plant of D

~— a few yellow stress, and approaches the petals in shape; a fine form
of O gh x Wilch several fine forms of O. crispum, the
pure white O. Pescatorei | h llia Veitchiana grandiflora
with fifteen flowers, Cypripedium L Hyeanum, C. x Gertrude

Hollington, and Vanda teres grandiflora. The latter is a very large and
tichly-coloured form, to which a First-class Certificate was given.

J. Bradshaw, Esq., The Grange, Southgate (gr. Mr. Whiffen), received a
Silver Banksian Medal for a very good group, including some good

186 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Cattleyas Mossiz and Mendelii, a finely-flowered Chysis bractescens,
Oncidium Marshalli d g crispum, a form of O. X Ander-
sonianum with very yellow ground, Dendrobium chrysotoxum, and a plant
of the brilliant little Dendrobi hni exhibited under the name of
D. inversum, and which received a Botanical Certificate last year.

W. S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Masterton), also
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, containing Cochlioda
Neetzliana, Dendrobi Hildebrandii and its variety oculatum, and a
number of well-grown plants of Odontoglossum crispum.

Sir Weetman Pearson, Bart., M.P., Paddockhurst, Crawley (gr. Mr.
Capp), received a Silver Banksian Medal for a group consisting of three
large and well-flowered plants of Cattleya Lawrenceana, C. Schroeder,
some good Dendrobium nobile, and a fine spike of Catasetum trifidum
with over thirty flowers, to which a Botanical Certificate was awarded.

J. T. Bennett-Pée, Esq., Holmwood, Cheshunt, exhibited a group of
fifteen well-grown plants of Cattleya citrina, grown under cool treatment,
to which a Silver Banksian Medal was given.

C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan),
received an Award of Merit for Odontogl Hallii grandifl and a
Botanical Certificate for Bulbophyllum tremulum, a curious little species
with a feathery very mobile lip.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes) |

received an Award of Merit for a good plant of Miltonia Roezlii alba. j

T. Fielden, Esq., Grimston Park, Tadcaster (gr. Mr. Clayton), received
an Award of Merit for a fine form of Lelia purpurata called Grimstom
variety.

C. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), showed
Cattleya x Preciosa (C. Lueddemanniana ? xX C. Lawrenceana a),
C. X Sedeni (C. Lawrenceana 2 x C. Percivaliana 3), and Lalio-
cattleya x Eudora (L. purpurata ¢ x C. Mendelii 3), the latter receiving
an Award of Merit.

Mie La

W. Vanner, Esq., Camden Wood, Chislehurst (gr. Mr. Robbins), |

received an Award of Merit for Odontoglossum crispum Princess, @ fine
form, which is noted on page 161.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), showed a fine
form of Cattleya intermedia, an unnamed Epidendrum of the Encyclium
group, with greenish white segments veined with light brown, and a white
lip veined with pink, and a fine-flowered raceme of Catasetum mact0-
carpum, to which a Botanical Certificate was given. :

E. H. Adcock, Esq., Ribblesdale, Dorking (gr. Mr. Green) received @

Cultural Commendation for a fine plant of Cypripedium bellatulum with
ten flowers.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 187

C. Young, Esq., The Thorns, peveness (gr. <e pea received a
Cultural C d for Od bearing an
inflorescence with five side branches "and an aggregate of twenty-seven
flowers.

J. F. Alcock, Esq., Northchurch, Berh 1, sent Laceena spectabilis
with two good racemes, and Cattleya citrina.

R. B. White, Esq., Ardd h, Garelochead (gr. Mr. Roberts) sent some
good spikes of Odontoglossum crispum, O. X Wilckeanum, and O. X
Ruckerianum.

W. A. Bevan, Esq., Coombe Court, Kingston, sent a fine form of
Odontoglossum Pescatorei with purple blotched sepals and petals.

H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Carshalton (gr. Mr. Cummins) showed
Oncidium varicosum Rogersii, also a poor light form of Cattleya Mossi
purchased as the wonderful blue “ Cattleya Guaricoensis.”

T. Statter, Esq., — Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson)
sent Leli ttleya X h is (L b S5COE 3),
a very vigorous hybrid, havi aatdebed two large pseudobulbs last year.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged a particularly fine
group, to which a Silver-gilt Flora Medal was awarded. It contained a
series of beautiful forms of Cattleya Schroedere, varying from blush to pink,
and with the orange throat varying considerably in intensity; C. inter-
media alba, C. Schilleriana, C. citrina, a fine C. Walkeriana, C.
Lawrenceana, Lelia purpurata, the richly coloured L. x Latona, Lelio-
cattleya X Zephyra(L. xanthina ¢ x C. Mendelii 3), quite intermediate
in character. Dendrobium X ee ieegien @ X D.pulchellum 3),
Miltonia X Bleuana nobilior, Cyprip Hyeanum, C.
Chamberlainianum, C. X eurylochus, C. x atides Hooker, quite inter-
mediate between its parents, Anguloa uniflora, pears Deppei, Oncidium
Marshallianum, O. varicosum Rogersii, Ond
crispum, O. Pescatorei, Maxillaria Sanderi Masdevallia x Heathii,
Colax jugosus, and various others. An Award of Merit was given to Chysis
X langleyensis, a very pretty hybrid derived from C. bractescens ¢ and
C. xX Sedeni ¢.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, exhibited a group of interesting
things, including the very rare Meiracyllium gemme (Rchb. f.), Spatho-
glottis Lobbii, Dendrobium Bensonz, D. superbum anosmum, D. Parishii,
nade es Oncidium varicosum Rogersii, Cattleya luteola,
Ccelogyne Dayana, Stenoglottis longifolia, with
tall epee of lilac flowers, &c. A Botanical Certificate was given to Eria
bractescens.

Messrs. W. L. Lewis and Co., Southgate, sent Odontoglossum
Pescatorei Lewisii and Cattleya citrina.

188 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE TEMPLE SHOW.

Orcuips invariably form one of the features of the great Anntal
Exhibition of the Royal Horticultural Society in the Temple Gardens, and
at the ninth of the series, held on May tgth and two following days, the
display was about up to the average in point of numbers, though there was
little in the way of novelty, and the absence of the sterling group contributed
by Baron Schroder on former occasions was very noticeable. In the
following report we have endeavoured to give the more important features
of the different groups, omitting for the most part ordinary forms of the
showier species, which are invariably represented in quantity at this season.

The group staged by the President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., was the
finest yet contributed by him, both in extent and variety, and the material
was most effectively arranged by Mr. White, so that even the smallest
plants were seen to advantage. It occupied a space of about 3oft. frontage,
and was full of interest from one end to the other, as the common showy
species were only represented in limited numbers and in well-grown
examples of their respective kinds. Among the more noteworthy plants
were a splendid specimen of Epid M im,
E. X elegantulum, the miniature E. organense (Rolfe), a fine specimen of
E. X O’Brienanum, E. vitellinum, E. atropurpureum Randii, a fine pan of
Macodes Petola, Cochlioda Neetzliana, Masdevallia x Mundyana, a well-
flowered clump of the dwarf M. Wendlandi M. x glaphyrantha, M-
coriacea, M. rosea with twenty flowers, and various others; Cattleya
Walkeriana with eight flowers, C. x Parthenia, and other showy species
the brilliant Lzlio-cattleya x Phcebe, Oncidium luteum, O. olivaceum
I » O. K i , some superb O. Marshallianum, Eria
ornata, Microstylis Scottii and M. macrochila, Maxillaria Sanderiana and
M. Houtteana, Megaclinum triste and M. Imschootianum, Stenoglottis
longifolia, Octomeria diaphana, the kable Bulbophyllum barbigerum
Pleurothallis ornata; the charming little Saccolabium miniatum, @ bee Z
flowered Phalaenopsis Luedd iana, P. Aphrodite, Dendrobium
Bensonz and D. revolutum, Miltonia x Bleuana nobilior, Orchis latifolia,
Ceelogyne odoratissima, fine examples of Anguloa Ruckeri and Dendrobium
Bensone, D. revolutum, D. x polyphlebium, Cypripedium X barbato-
bellinum, a densely spotted Odont el x And i fine forms
of O. X excellens, and good representatives of most of the showy things
seen in other groups. Altogether, it was a magnificent group, and richly
deserved the Gold Medal awarded to it.

H. S. Leon, Esq., M.P., Bletchley Park (gr. Mr. Hislop), staged a very
fine group, to which a Silver Cup was given. It contained some excellent
examples of Cattleya Lawrenceana, C. Skinneri, C. Aclandiz, C. Schiller

nie i

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 189

iana, C. Mossie, Lelia purpurata, Brassia verrucosa, Oncidium concolor,
Cypripedium Rothschildianum with three fine spikes and ten flowers,
— bicornutum, Odontoglossum Uroskinneri, O. maculutum,
Vanda suavis, &c. A First-class Certificate was
awarded toa large and richly coloured Cattleya Lueddemanniana Ernstii,
the lip being brilliantly marbled.

Sir F. Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), also received a
Silver Cup for a very beautiful group, containing Cattleya Schilleriana, C.
Lawrenceana, some fine C. Mossiw, C. Mendelii, C. Skinneri and C. S.
alba, Cymbidium Parishii, C. Lowianum and C. L. concolor, Lelia
purpurata, L. grandis, and L. Digbyana, Cypripedi x Wigani
Sobralia macrantha Kienastiana, the rare little Eria extinctoria, Leptotes
bicolor, a fine Masdevallia ignea Eichardti, Miltonia vexillaria, Odonto-
glossums, &c. Awards of Merit were given to Cattleya Mossi Beatrice,
Lelia purpurata Arthur Wigan, and Oncidium varicosum giganteum, and a
Botanical Certificate to Epidendrum hastatum.

W. S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Masterton), also staged
agood group, to which a Silver Cup was given. It consisted largely of well-
grown Odontoglossum crispum, with O. x Coradinei, O. cordatum, O.
polyxanthum, Cochlioda Neetzliana, Oncidium Marshallianum, Miltonia
vexillaria, Cypripedium bellatulum, and a seedling Epidendrum from E.
xanthinum 9 and E. radicans ¢ —a form of E. x dellense. A fine form of
Odontoglossum crispum called Miss Victoria Ellis, white with a few spots
on each segment, received an Award of Merit.

J. G. Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford (gr. Mr. Davis), received a
Silver-gilt Flora Medal for an effective group, containing Cypripedium
bellatulum album with two flowers, C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, a light
and dark form of Denbrobi Phalznopsi ee monsehicnt; Oo.

yee ae Teak

olivaceum, O. Lanceanum, Thunia

Miltonia Roezlii alba, Epidendrum Wallisii, and other showy species;
Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park, Berks (gr. Mr. Thorne), also received

a Silver-gilt Flora Medal for a abe group, in which were many good

Miltonia vexillaria, with Dend Anguloa + gata and
A. Ruckeri, Oncidium ampliatum majus, cd Marshalli: priped:
bellatulum, C. Stonei, C. Curtisii, Epid Randi,

Lelia cinnabarina, Cymbidium Lowianum, orate &e.

Earl Percy, Syon House, Brentford (gr. Mr. Wyethes), received a
Silver-gilt Flora Medal for es, ec cie group, containing Vanda
teres, Dendrobi hat D; D. Bensonz, Oncidium
sphacelatum, Aérides odoratum, Odontoglossam Hallii, and others, Lzlia
purpurata, Cattleyas, and other showy things, tastefully arranged with
maiden-hair ferns,

190 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

J. H. Rolls, Esq., Bournemouth, (gr. Mr. Purseglove), received a
Silver Flora Medal for a pretty group, containing Lelia majalis, Cattleya
Schilleriana, C. Mossiz, and various other showy species.

M. S. Cooke, Esq., Kingston Hill, received a Silver Banksian Medal
for a neat group, containing Cochlioda sanguinea and C. vulcanica, a good
G 7 dj R i PSR

C. Chamberlai Dendrobium
Devonianum, Brassia verrucosa, Oncidium olivaceum, Odontoglossum
i » O. X baphicantl a good Cattleya Schilleriana, and other

showy species. :

M. Jules Hye-Leysen, Gand (gr. M. Coene), staged a few fine things,
including a fine Odontogl x Ruckeri splendens, O. crispum, 0.
Pescatorei, and two others, which each received an Award of Merit. These
were Miltonia vexillaria Coeneana, a fine rose-pink form, and Odonto-

glossum X Horsmanii with sixteen flowers, exhibited as O. X
expansum.

C. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), received
an Award of Merit fora fine light form of Cattleya Mossiz, called Chas.
Ingram. ;

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New Hall Hay, Rawtenstall (gr. Mr. Hill),
sent a pretty hybrid Cypripedium from C. Curtisii ¢ and C. niveum 3
called C. x Cowleyanum Anna Louise, which received an Award of Merit.

T. W. Swinburne, Esq., Corndean Hall, Winchcombe, received oe
Award of Merit for Cypripedium x Corndeani, whose history is given at
page 215 of our last volume. Itis a large and striking form, and now proves
to be a form of C. x gigas (C. Lawrenceanum ¢ x C. x Harrisianum 3):

A Cultural Commendation was given to a well-grown plant of Odonto-
glossum crispum with six spikes from the Duke of Sutherland’s collection
(gr. Mr. Blair).

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson) sent 4 ee
Cypripedium x Gertrude Hollington and the pretty Cattleya Mendel
leucoglossa with blush sepals and petals and a white lip.

M. J. Moens, Lede, Belgium, sent Cypripedium x Baptisti.

Mr. Botelbeerge, Melle, Gand, sent a fine Odontoglossum polyxanthum.

R. Ashworth, Esq., Ashlands, Newcl

h, near Manchester, sent ag!
Dendrobium nobile.

The trade collections, as usual, contributed largely to the display, and
were generally good, though in some cases a little less crowding would have
been an improvement. :

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a large and magnificent
group, to which a Gold Medal was given. It contained a large specimen
of Coelogyne Dayana, some good Dendrobium superbum giganteum, D-
thyrsiflorum, D. carinatum, D, dixanthum, D, Hildebrandii, the pretty

THE ORCHID REVIEW. . 19!

Habenaria rhodochila, Cochlioda Neetzliana, Stenoglottis longifolia, Eriopsis

idobulb dd i triloba, Onalitiecs unicorne, O. varicosum
Rogersii, O. pulchell ionosmum, the hand-
some Sobralia X Amesiz, S. macranthe Kienastiana, Cattleya Schilleriana,
C. x Philo, C. Skinneri, a few fine C. pen La pusporatn: Leelio-
cattleya x D. S. Brown, L.-c. X Schill Pescatorei
and various other showy Orchids in well-grown epeciivens of good varieties.
The rare and interesting little Meiracyllium gemma received a Botanical
Certificate.

The group staged by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton, was a very
rich and effective one, and was awarded a Silver Cup. It contained some
fine Phalznopses, including P. x leucorrhoda and P. X intermedia, Vanda
teres, Cymbidium x eburneo-Lowianum, Oncidium Papilio, O. phyma-
tochilum, O. hi Od 1 H , O. Pescatorei, and
others, Cypripedium x Gertrude Hollington, C. bellatihatis, C. hirsutissimum,
C. Lawrenceanum, C. tonsum, C. X Drurio-Hookere, Lelia tenebrosa, a
fine pan of Macodes Petola, and various other showy Orchids. A First-
class Certificate was given to Cattleya Mossie Arnoldiana, a large light-
coloured form, with a band of pink down the petals; and an Award of
Merit to Odontoglossum crispum Lowiz, a prettily-spotted form allied to
O. c. Capartianum.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, also received a Silver
Cup for a fine group, in which were some very fine Cattleyas Mossie and
Schroeder, Lzlia purpurata, eee Marshallianum, O. superbiens, O.

concolor, and O. i gl crispum, and others; the rare
and pretty Vanda x ct 1 rthii, Epidend vitellinum, Lelia
tenebrosa, Cirrhop Selenipedium X nitidissi &e.

Messrs. Backhouse & bea York, also received a Silver Cup for a group
of Orchids and other things arranged in rustic fashion. It contained some
fine Odontoglossum crispum and others, Cypripedium Regine, C. Calceolus,
and others.

A fine group exhibited by Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, received a
Silver-gilt Flora Medal. It contained a finely- flowered plant of the
beautiful Dendrobium Loddigesii, some very good Lelia purpurata,
Oncidium concolor, O. monachicum, O. olivaceum, Odontoglossum ramo-
sissimum, Epidendrum radicans, and E. X O’Brienianum, Cattleya
Aclandiz, C. intermedia, and others, Selenipedium x grande, Miltonia
vexillaria, &c.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also staged a fine
group, and received a Silver-gilt Flora Medal. Among interesting plants
may be mentioned Pescatorea Roezlii, Promenza microptera, Ornitho-
cephalus grandiflorus, Trichopilia coccinea, Leptotes bicolor, Brassavola

192 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Perrinii, Cochlioda Neetzliana, Vandas tricolor and sauvis, Dendrobium
h » Lelia cinnabari Cattleya citrina, Odontoglossum X

Wilckeanum, and other showy things. :

Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, received a Silver Banksian
Medal for a fine group, containing a nice lot of Cypripedium bellatulum
and C. niveum, C. x Lawre-venustum, C. x southgatense, and others,
Oncidium sarcodes, O. hastatum, Odont ra itrosmum ee good
Lelia purpurata, Cattleya Mossi, and other showy things. A First-class
Certificate was given to Lelia purpurata Lewisii, a beautiful nearly white
form, whose only colour was some faint purple radiating streaks on the lip.

Messrs. Linden, L’Horticul I ionale, Brussels, sent a few
good Orchids, including Odontoglossum Pescatorei, a fine O. X
Ruckerianum, Cattleya Mossiz: Reineckeana, and the curious Gongar
Portentosa. A First-class Certificate was given to Odontoglossum cusp
augustum, one of the darkest. forms yet seen. The segments were white at
the margins, but the disc of each was occupied by one irregular purple
blotch. It was erroneously labelled as a natural hybrid.

Cut flowers of Orchids were also used to great effect in the stands for
dinner table decorations, &c.

_

TREATMENT OF DENDROBIUM JAMESIANUM.

On the shelf over the fire-place of the office of a well-known dealer ee ths
neighbourhood is a small plant of the above-mentioned species growing a
water. This same plant has been there, to my knowledge, for at least ie
months, and during that time has developed roots in the water, ands
growth of seven or eight inches in length from below the surface. Of course
I do not advise that growers should procure a stock of hyacinth ae
but the above facts May suggest to some of us who are not successful ae
this species that an insufficient supply of water to the roots is the cause
failure. .

F, H. Moore.
Liverpool.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

G. M. L., Lincoln. Dendrobium formosum.
C. Stoldt. Lycaste brevispatha and Odontoglossum tripudians. ‘ests
We have received the Catalogue of Orchids and New Plants for 1896 issued by er of
F. Sander & Co., in which we notice a number of fine hybrids and interesting 5
recent introduction, several of which are illustrated,

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| Habenaria Susanne (Fig. 10)
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Calendar of ee for July = | ers, Corespondent on Orchids
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Cattleya Fl,

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vot. IV.] JULY, 1806. Satan ae te

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during July, on the 14th and 28th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of
12 o’clock noon.

A very pretty form of Cattleya Mossiz has flowered in the collection of
W. Horton-Smith, Esq., of Northwich, out of a number of plants imported
last year. It is much like the variety Reineckeana, except that the veinings
in front of the lip are slaty blue in colour, and somewhat suffused.

Some good forms of Lzlia tenebrosa are sent from the collection of
W. S. M‘Millan, Esq., of Maghull, near Liverpool, together with a very
Pretty form of Odontoglossum Pescatorei, much like the variety ornatum,
in which there is a triangular purple blotch on the front lobe of the lip.

Several very pretty forms of Odontoglossum crispum have been received
from the collection of Hugh Steven, Esq., of Kelvinside, near Glasgow.
They include the pure white O. c. virginale; a second with several minute
spots on the lip, and a very few similar ones on the other segments za third
with a few large blotches confined to the sepals and lip; a fourth with very
large flower, and broad, very undulate, unspotted segments ; and a fifth
with unusually long segments, measuring five inches from the tip of the
dorsal sepal to that of the lateral ones. All of them show evidence of
excellent culture.

Others from the same collection are O. Hallii with narrow segments; a
form of O. x mulus, and O. x acuminatissimum, Rchb. f., a rare and
interesting hybrid between O, luteopurpureum and O. Lindleyanum, A

194 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

photograph of this and one of the preceding are also enclosed, together
with a flower of Cattleya Mossiz grandis.

Two good forms of Lzelio-cattleya x Schilleriana come from the
collection of E. A. Beveis, Esq., of Oxford, one of which has the lip
as strongly three-lobed as in L.-c. X elegans, though it is a finely developed
form of the first-named. A light form of Lzelia tenebrosa is also enclosed.

A photograph and flower of a handsome hybrid Masdevallia have been
received from the collection of Captain Hincks, of Richmond, Yorks. It
was raised from M. ignea Eichardti ¢ and M. coccinea Harryana 4, and
thus is a fine variety of M. x Fraseri. Captain Hincks has been remark-
ably successful in hybridising this genus, as our pages have testified from
time to time.

The June number of Knowledge contains a series of half-a-dozen
photographs of Orchids from the collection of the Right Hon. J:
Chamberlain, M.P., with a short descriptive paper by Mr. H. A. Burberry.
The plants represented are Cattleya Mendelii, C. Mossi Wagener,
Cypripedium bellatulum, Dendrobium formosum giganteum, Miltonia
vexillaria, and Oncidium Papilio.

A supplementary list of hybrid Orchids, by Mr. H. J. Chapman,
appears in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for April 4th (p. 431), in which
however, we note the supposed natural hybrids Dendrobium Donnesi®
D. Statterianum, and Phalznopsis speciosa, all of which should i
expunged.

A recent issue of the Journal of the Linnean Society contains a pape
entitled, “ An Enumeration of all known Orchids hitherto recorded from
Borneo,” by Mr. H. N. Ridley, M.A., F.L.S. (XXXI, pp. 261306
t. 13—15), in which a new genus and about 47 new species are described,

mostly of botanical interest. The former is called Porphyroglottis :

Maxwelliz, and is allied to Chrysoglossum.

The same author announces (Gard. Chron., April 11th, p- 452) bes
re-discovery of the long-lost Ccelogyne Rumphii, Lindl., from Amboina,
in the Moluccas, by one of Messrs. Sander’s collectors, so that the
species may soon be expected in cultivation. It is allied to C. specios®
Lindl.

A fine species of Vanilla from the Cameroon district, West Africa,
described and figured by Dr. Krinzlin under the name of Vanilla imper i
(Notizbl. K. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 1896, p. 155, t. 1). It is nearly a
V. grandiflora, Lindl., from Prince’s Island, and has yellow flowefs

A

~
iit

a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 195

about the same size, though they are smaller than in the leafless
V. Rosscheri, Rchb. f., from East Africa, and the petals only half as
broad. ;

We have received from the collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq., of
Liscard, a good flower of Cattleya superba, in which the sepals and petals
are distinctly veined with dark purple, through the nerves being darker
than the ground colour. Mr. Rappart remarks that he grows a con-
siderable number of this Cattleya, but has not seen one so distinctly
marked before.

A flower of the large and handsome Oncidium crispum grandiflorum
has been sent from the collection of J. T. Bennett-Poé, Esq., of Cheshunt,
being one out of a raceme of seven. In 1894 it was also very fine, but the
following year it was allowed a rest, in order to counteract, if possible, the
tendency observed in this species to dwindle away. Two fine plants of it
are also flowering in the collection of J. W. Arkle, Esq., of West Derby,
Liverpool, one with twenty-eight and the other with thirty-three flowers.
A really magnificent plant may be seen in the Kew collection, bearing a
massive panicle with seven branches and over sixty large flowers.

Flowers of Epidend purp are also sent from the collection
of J. W. Arkle, Esq. It isa very handsome species, and is very fragrant in
the morning.

A flower of the charming albino Cattleya superba alba comes from the
collection of E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow. It is pure
white with the exception of a little yellow on the disc, and agrees with the
typical form in structure. A note respecting it appears at page 196 of our
last volume.

‘A seven-flowered raceme of a good form of Odontoglossum sceptrum
has been’ received from the collection of M. H. Van der Straten, of
Bruges, through Messrs. Sander, in which the apex of the lip is white, and
the petals much blotched and spotted with brown. The blotches and spots
of the petals are comparatively small, so as to leave much of the yellow
ground showing. It is very handsome.

A flower of a striking form of Cattleya Mossiz has been sent from the
collection of W. M’Millan, Esq., of Maghull, near Liverpool. The sepals,
petals, and lip are all irregularly streaked with broad white longitudinal
bands, which give it a very distinct appearance. It is closely allied to
C. M. Hardyana. Cattleya Mendelii, with the front of the lip very richly
coloured, is also enclosed.

196 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

A dark form of Lelia tenebrosa comes from the collection of F, H.
Moore, Esq., of Liverpool, in which the colour in the throat is almost
purple-black, so dark is it.

The splendid form of Cattleya Warscewiczii described at page 258 of
our last volume fetched 14 guineas at th: recent Arddarroch sale, The
plant has now eleven pseudobulbs. Cattleya x Lawre-Mossiz, which
received an Award of Merit on April 7th last, as recorded at page 157,
fetched 11 guineas. A fine form of Odontoglossum excellens realised 25
guineas; and the best varieties of Cattleya Mendelii went for 60, 50, 40,
and 30 guineas.

Mr. G. Hansen writes that he is engaged in compiling the second
supplement to his work on Hybrid Orchids, intended to record all
additions published up to October next, and would be glad of any notes
either by way of addition or correction of previous records. The sources
would be gladly acknowledged.

The hybrid Disas noted at page 203 of our second volume are again
flowering in great force in the Kew collection, together with D. racemosa
and D. tripetaloid It is kable how easily grown and floriferous
they are, and as the flowers are so lasting we anticipate a great future for
them.

ANGRECUM FOURNIERZ.

A FINE Angrecum from Madagascar is figured and described in the Revue
Horticole for June 1, under the above name (p. 256, with plate), which
flowered in the establishment of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. It
is, however, the plant described a year ago from the same source, 48
Angraecum stylosum, Rolfe (Kew Bulletin, 1895, p- 194), which name he
therefore the claim of priority. It is a striking species, having the general
habit of a large A. apiculatum, Hook., with much larger flowers, and a
remarkable style-like column, in allusion to which the name was given- -
bears about four largish leaves on a very short stem, and long pendulous
racemes of white flowers with long curved spurs, which, like the rachis, are
brownish in colour. The flowers approach A, Ellisii, Rchb. f., in om
though it is easily distinguished by the kable column.

R. A. R.

eee eee
3 ODONTOGLOSSUM CRISPUM AUGUSTUM.

Iv is said that the beautiful Odontoglossum crispum augustum, which was

noted at page 192 as having received a First-class Certificate at the recent

Temple Show, was exhibited by MM. Dallemagne & Cie, of Ram

and was purchased by M. Jules Hye, of Ghent, for the sam of 300 gun

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 197

Various offers were made for the specimen as soon as it was unpacked and
staged, and Mr. Backhouse, of York, offered the same sum for it as M.
Hye, who, however, had made the first offer, and consequently became
the fortunate possessor. ‘It is said to be the highest price ever paid for
an Odontoglossum.

DIES ORCHIDIANZ,
Last month I called attention to Mr. Chamberlain’s article on the
Nomenclature of Orchids and some remarks thereon made by the
Gardeners’ Chronicle, and I note with satisfaction that the said article
has also been reprinted in the Gardeners’ Magazine (May 30, Pp. 357)-
Mr. Hurst also has given us an admirable article on the same question
(p. 165), and I cannot help thinking that the publicity thus given to
the question will be the means of effecting a much needed improvement
—indeed, I think signs of it are already visible.

The Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society has been
blamed for a good deal of the confusion against which so strong a
protest has been made, chiefly because of its failure to carry out its own
rules—and to this point I have several times called attention—and I
therefore note with satisfaction that at a recent meeting the Committee
did refuse to recognise an unauthorised name, though at the same time
awarding the plant a Botanical Certificate. I allude to the plant
exhibited as a new Pogonia on June gth. This case is fully provided
for in the Society’s rules. ‘An award should be made to any plant
that is considered by the Committee worthy of such distinction, even
though it be unnamed, or not named in accordance with preceding
regulations, provided that, within a reasonable time, to be determined by
the Committee, a proper name be given. The certificate of an award
made under the circumstances detailed in this paragraph should be
withheld until the plant has been properly named.” A similar award was
made to a supposed new Batemannia on the same date under similar
conditions, both the plants being referred to Kew, where I believe they
have since been named, and the conditions thus having been complied
with, the certificates will, of course, be issued with the proper names.
This is a very good beginning, and I hope the the Committee will
invariably carry out the rule in future. Had they done so earlier
they would have avoided the absurdity of certificating the old Bletia
catenulata—the original species in the genus—under the new name of

. Watsoniana, to which I alluded at p. 298 of our second volume.

A large number of these Botanical Certificates have been awarded of

198 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

late, and the award is sometimes considered a rather dubious one. The
Gardeners’ Chronicle (p. 614) remarks :—‘‘ When a plant comes before the
Orchid or the Floral Committee, the object is not to illustrate its
botanical history, but to ascertain whether, in the judgment of that
Committee, the particular plant is, or is not, worthy of commendation
for cultural or decorative purposes. If it is not, it may still get a
Botanical Certificate! a distiction which the Committee is not competent
to give, because unable for the most part to assign a reason for the award,
A Botanical Certificate should take precedence of all, but in practice it
is the least regarded.” I had hardly looked on the question in this light
before. Fancy Sir Trevor Lawrence’s charming little Saccolabium
miniatum receiving a Botanical Certificate to mark the Committee's
opinion that it is not worthy of commendation for cultural or decorative
purposes! My own impression is that these certificates are intended asa
sort of consolation prize, to indicate that the particular plant exhibited is
very pretty or possesses some very interesting feature, but is hardly worthy
of general culture for decorative purposes. Such plants are often called
“Botanical Orchids,” and the term is pretty well understood.

I also read the article on “ Supposed Hybrid Orchids, by Major-
General Berkeley, at page 167, and the editorial note thereon, with
interest, for 1 have never been able to understand why some of out
compilers take such delight in raking up every worthless record, Bs
after they have become exploded fallacies, and incorporating them wi
well ascertained facts, as if of equal value. Several such compilations
would have been vastly improved by a severe editing before going to :
printer. As it is errors are copied from work to work with exasperating
regularity, and like the every-increasing number of “ provisional names,
are only a nuisance.

We seem to have had a very bad outbreak of the Cattleya Fly, but I
hope that the attention it has received will lead to its speedy extermination
I note that one or two pond peri a similar difficulty to that
which George the Third is said to have felt about the dumplings—namely;
to account for how the apples got inside, for they cannot imagine how the
— S get inside. However, they do get inside somehow, and I think the
easiest way to prevent that is to kill all the flies directly they come out.

None of my Correspondents have sent me the essay on the blue «<_
so I must conclude that the difficulty of writing an essay on 4
Cattleya ” which is not blue is a task beyond their powers, as it 1 bas

mine.
ARGUS:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 199
THE CATTLEYA FLY.

I HAVE sent you another growth of Cattleya labiata, on which you will see
that after a pseudobulb had been cut two eyes came away from it, one I
have pierced with a needle and it has decayed, the other is a well rooted
eye with the fly inside. In my opinion cutting out is the best way of
keeping the monster down. Of course, the plants are greatly weakened,
and some will not show any eye after being cut too often. I keep my
plants together very dry in pots, but the stage is well damped several times
during the day, and I also use very little shading. You will see how fine
the roots are.

I see in the last issue of the Orchid Review-that “ Wellington wonders
how the grub gets in the young bulbs. I, for myself, believe that when
grown too soft the marrow of the eye brings the pest, as I cannot see after
all I have had in hand how it can be any other way. I have had a good
look out for the pest this season, and since January have not seen a
developed fly.

I remember that in 1882 we received Cattleya Dowiana from San Jose,
Costa Rica, with eyes exactly the same as those you have before you, not
having done any good.

Frep. RoESLIN.
Tynemouth.

[The specimen sent shows two arrested growths about an inch long,
from the base of an old pseudobulb with seven roots. The base of these
growths was much swollen. One was decaying (as the result of being
pierced with a needle), but on splitting the other longitudinally a cavity
about a quarter-of-an-inch long was found in the centre, close to the base,
containing three white grubs, all in the pupa stage. The shape of the fly
was clearly defined, and the eyes, legs, &c., clearly visible under the lens,
so that the flies might have changed to black and come out in a very short
time. We do not yet know how long the insect remains in the pupa stage.
Some of our pondents do not understand how the grubs get inside the
growth, as they cannot find the opening, but, as we have already pointed
out, the explanation is very simple. The insect is one of the gall-makers,
and lays its eggs inside the young tissues of the plant, which it pierces with
its ovipositor for the purpose. The opening is so minute that only a
microscope would show the opening at the time, and the tissue, no doubt,
heals completely in a short time. The eggs quickly hatch, and the young
grubs feed upon the tissues for a certain time, after which they change to
pup, and then to the perfect insect, which cuts its way out, and soon lays
its eggs as before. The flies seen by our correspondent in January may
have laid the eggs of the pupa now sent, and as these might have emerged

200 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

in a very short time there may be two broods of insects in the year, and
this is a point we should like to see cleared up. Our correspondents
should now be on the alert, as if flies are now coming out they should be
prevented from laying more eggs if possible. We must point out that itis
not a question of culture, as the fly would continue to thrive on the best
grown plants if not exterminated.—Ep. ]

My experiments on the Cattleya fly took, a week ago, a rather unlooked
for finish, in so far that I killed the insects before I really had finished my
experiments. Tepid water had, I found, no effect on them, but cold water
syringed on them prostrated them considerably. They seemed to be
easily destroyed by introducing a lighted candle (Price’s night lights) to the
place where they are. I had them ina large glass case, and put into it one
evening one of these candles standing in a basin of water (not an original
idea of mine) ; the following morning I found them all dead in the water.
Like most insects they seem to fly towards any light that is near them. I
think this process would be a cheaper and also safer remedy than repeated
smoking.

D. R. Rappart.

I think that the Dendrobium beetle comes to the surface if the plant is
immersed in water, but, of course, there may be more varieties of this
insect than I have seen.

Promenade, Ms
Liscard, Cheshire.

a NE

OBITUARY.
WE regret to hear of the death of Mr. Bruce Findlay, Curator of the
Manchester Royal Botanical Gardens, which took place at his residence, at
Old Trafford, on June 16th, at the age of 61 years. Mr. Findlay was
appointed Curator in 1858, having previously passed some time in Messts:
Rollisson’s Nurseries, at the Royal Gardens, Kew, and afterwards a5
foreman at the Botanic Gardens of Hull and Sheffield. In 1875 he wae
appointed Secretary of the Manchester Botanical and Horticultural Society,
and his work in connection with the great Whitsuntide Show a
Manchester, in which Orchids form so important a feature, is well know?
In 1881 he was presented with a testimonial, consisting of an address
- with a gold watch and chain, with a cheque for £1,000. Mr. Findlay has
been in failing health for some time from an internal complaint. He was
interred at Stratford Cemetery on June 19th. :

Se

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 201

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

Last month 1 neglected to put my notes together until too late, and now
there is already an appreciable falling off in the number of showy things in
flower. Cattleya Mossie and C. Mendelii are being replaced by C.
Gaskelliana and C. Warneri, both very beautiful, though the latter appears
to be comparatively rare. C. Aclandiz is also flowering well, and is a
handsome little plant. Lelia purpurata is also being replaced by the
handsome L. tenebrosa, which is now common. There is a good deal of
variation in the depth of colour of the flowérs, but the beautiful yellow
forms still remain rare. Dendrobiums are now largely over, but the
beautiful D. Falconeri forms an exception, and D. Phalaenopsis is coming
on in increased numbers ; at a time when it is very useful. D. formosum,
of course, is now flowering splendidiy, together with D. chrysotoxum and
a few others, among which the pretty little D. Jenkinsii must be included.
Ccelogyne Schilleriana is another handsome little plant just now flowering
well, together with C. Massangeana.

The remarkable Nanodes Meduse, with its deeply fringed lip and lurid
purple colour, is now one of the most interesting objects in the house, and
beside it are several plants of Epidendrum vitellinum bearing many of its
handsome spikes, and E. atropurpureum. Calanthe x Dominii invariably
flowers well at this season, and remains in perfection for several weeks.
A good plant with several strong spikes is a really striking object, and it is
one of the easiest to grow into a good specimen. It is further interesting
as the first of artificial hybrids. Broughtonia sanguinea, Anguloa Clowesii,
and Vanda suavis are also flowering freely. y

Miltonia vexillaria is still making a good show, together with M.

hal psi Od gl too, are well represented, and include,
among others, various forms of O. crispum, O. maculatum, O. cordatum,
and O. x Coradinei. Oncidium crispum is now at its best, and its great
panicles of rich brown flowers are very effective. O. Lanceanum is also
flowering well, and two or three of the smaller yellow kinds. Aérides
Fieldingii and Rhynchostylis retusa are now bearing their long drooping
spikes, resembling a fox’s brush, which has led to the former being called
the Fox-brush Aérides. The handsome Phaius Humblotii is also flowering
well in the warm house, together with Stanhopea inodora, S. oculata, and
S. Wardii, which are very handsome while they last. : p :

Among Cypripediums may be mentioned C. superbiens, Stonet
Curtisii, Parishii, Vol Li barbatum, and several
hybrids, as among those making the best show. The above does not by
any means exhaust the list of Orchids in flower, but includes the majority
of those which are most conspicuous at the present time.

. AMATEUR.

202 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
A NEWSPAPER CORRESPONDENT ON ORCHIDS,

Tue following article appeared in the Daily Mail for May 6th last, under
the title—‘‘ Most Rare: Flowers that cost lives to secure,” and is
sufficiently amusing for reproduction in our pages. It might have appeared
under the titlek— The Romance of Orchidology.”

When you think of it, it is strange that the Orchid should find so many
admirers, and be raised by them on a pedestal high above every other
flower that grows. It is curiously shaped, true, and its petals are richly
hued, but it gives forth no sweet perfume, for when it is not scentless its
odour is unpleasant. Still, the fact remains, the Orchid is the rarest and
most valuable of all flowers. There are some varieties, even, that exist
only in tradition, and have been seen only by savages in the dense tropical
forests where they grow.

Yet so great is the pecuniary reward for these rare and wonderful
flowers that men are continually risking and losing their lives in the
attempt to obtain the plants which produce them. For it is in fever
haunted jungles that the most prized and rarest Orchids are to be found.

Another thing that makes these rare bulbs worth many times their
weight in gold is that after the Orchid hunter has returned triumphant,
perhaps dying, to the coast, the bulbs must be watched and tended
unremittingly on the long voyage home, and even then they may die
before they have produced more than a single flower, or even none at all.

The rarest of all the varieties of Orchids are the blue ones, and the list
of these is short indeed, even when those which exist only in the tales of
Orchid hunters are taken into account. One kind, the blue Calanthe,§
said to grow in Burmah. The variety has been much sought after, but
without Success, as the country in which it grows literally swarms with
tigers and robbers.

A single specimen of the blue and white Cypripedium is known to have
reached England, but it has not yet flowered. It was found in Wester
Borneo, by a hunter named Ericcson.

In searching for this flower its discoverer for days followed a path knee
deep in mud, through a swamp, and at night slept standing, PtOPP’
against a tree. When he reached the coast with his treasure it took him
Some months to recuperate, and the last heard of him was that he Ee
again plunged into the unknown in search of other rare varieties
Orchids.

In the Solomon Islands is the home of a species of Orchid, which grows
there in every hue. But there cannibalism is still all but unch
Orchid hunters who have ventured there aver that the natives when

_offer human sacrifices to their gods load the victims with garlands of tee

eee ee

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293

gorgeous blossoms. Until spear or knife or flame ends the victim's life
these flowers still hang or twine about him, their colours growing richer
and deeper hued with his spurting blood.

Another valuable species only reached civilisation less than a year ago.
It grows somewhere in the Western part of Mexico, exactly where the
Indians, from whom the specimens were obtained, will not tell, for they
regard the floweras sacred. It took two years and a vast amount of money
and diplomacy to bribe these Indians to part with seven bulbs of it.

There are many other rare varieties which a score of rich collectors
would give any price for.

There died about a year ago a famous Orchid hunter named Fosterman.
But before he died he told of a wonderful Orchid which he said existed in
Brazil, and which it had been the ambition of his life to secure.

Landing on the coast of Brazil, a few degrees south of the equator, he
met a native chief, who told him of a “village of the demon flowers” to the
westward. Further questioning convinced him that the “ demon flowers "
were Orchids of the rarest and most wonderful kind, so he decided to find
this “ village ” at any cost. The chief warned him, vowing that to approach
the flowers was certain death, but it only served to make the Orchid hunter
the more determined. He had travelled through forests about six weeks,
and was calculating that in a fortnight more he should be in the neighbour-
hood of the “ village of the demon flowers,” when, one afternoon, three of
his forward guards threw up their arms, and with a cry fell senseless to the
ground. He had noticed a peculiar sickening odour pervading the heavy,
heated air, and quickly gave the order for the other men to advance with
caution and drag back the three fallen ones from the spot where they lay.
They did so, and returning, reported that they had seen through the forest,
a little further on, the vast “ village of the demon flowers.”

Accompanied only by his Portug int ter,the Orchid seeker started
forward, their mouths and noses muffled as a safeguard against the awful
odour. They managed to reach the spot where the three men had been
stricken down, but could go no further. They could see a hundred —_
ahead of them a great mass of Orchids. Trees, undergrowth, and every-
thing were loaded down with them. They were of hues more brilliant oe
any Fosterman, experienced collector that he was, had everoren or dreame
of seeing. But, like a barrier, the wall of awful, sickening, overpowering
odour rose between. The two retired a little way, knowing that if they
could reach those flowers their fortunes would be made. ;

But it was of no avail. The mass of brilliant orchids might have been a
mirage painted on the clouds, so far as reaching them was concerned. ae
“village” was perhaps an acre in extent, and the two made a comp! ete
circuit of it, but everywhere rose the awful odour. At last, almost crying

204 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

with the bitterness of his disappointment, Fosterman gave it up and returned
with his companion to the rest of his party.

The odour was simply the perfume of this vast mass of Orchids. Itisa
curious fact that, though many Orchids are almost scentless, the handsomest
ones have a most unbearable smell. When millions of them are collected
in a small space this stench, as can easily be imagined, becomes simply
intolerable and is literally fatal when long inhaled.

Returning to London, Fosterman told this wondrous tale to some ofthe
rich Orchid collectors, and an expedition was organised to go in search of it.
Fosterman was ill and could not go. The expedition found the exact spot,
but they gave up in despair of ever being able to more than feast their eyes
upon the flowers through their field glasses. And there, somewhere in the
depths of the vast tropic forest, they remain to this day.

gegen

HOMALOPETALUM JAMAICENSE.

A VERY remarkable new genus of Orchid is figured and described in the
last number of Hooker's Icones Plantarum (t. 2461), under the name o
petalum jamai , Rolfe. It was found growing sparingly on the
trunks of trees in the Blue Mountains, Jamaica, at 4,000 to 5,000
elevation, by Mr. W. Harris. It isa plant of very dwarf habit, and, except
in having creeping rhizomes, closely resembles the Brazilian Pinelia
hypoleta, Lindl. The flowers, however, are very different in structure, the
six perianth Segments being nearly alike in shape, and the anther and
pollinia almost as in Tetramicra, next to which it must be placed.
great peculiarity of the plant is that the staminodes are not united to the
median petal, forming the side lobes of the lip, but consist of a palt
falcate-oblong erect auricles or teeth at the base of the column, to which
they are partially united. Thus the median petal is not modified into #
lip, as is usually the case in this order, but is like the lateral petals, e
allusion to which the generic name is given. F
The Gardeners’ Chronicle, in alluding to this plant (p. 708), remarks
“whether the staminodes ever enter into the composition of the lip, i .
stated, isa matter for further enquiry,” which suggests a doubt in the writers
mind as to whether the side lobes of the lip are petaloid staminodes at ®
Some details on this point are given at pages 364 to 367 of the last va
and examples were given of flowers in which the side lobes of the lip
actually reverted to perfect stamens, thus giving three. perfect stamens
the top of a straight column. In every such case the side lobes of the lip
were absent, and the median petal was like the lateral ones in shape; cole 5
and texture. Had the two additional stamens been present and thee

‘

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 205

remained normal it would have shown that the additional stamens were not
reversions of petaloid staminodes of the outer staminal whorl, but of the
inner whorl ; that is of the two staminodes which form the wings or, teeth
of the column. But a careful examination proved that they belonged to
the former. In short, these organs had reverted to an ancestral condition,
and, of course, could not do duty as staminodes at the same time. It was
also shown that the normal stamen may occasionally become petaloid as a:
abnormal condition. :
Darwin, in a chapter on the ‘‘ Homologies of the Flowers of Orchids”
in his Fertilisation of Orchids has shown how in many Orchids he traced the
vascular bundes of the side lobes of the lip to the cords which supply the
ateral stamens (not to the one from which the middle lobe arises), hence
they occupy precisely the position of the lateral stamens of the outer whorl
of a lily or other monocotyledon, proving that they are homologous with
them, but modified into petaloid staminodes. Darwin observes :—‘‘ The
labellum is formed of one petal, with two petaloid stamens of the outer
whorl, likewise completely confluent. I may remark, as making this fact
more probable, that in the allied Marantacee the stamens, even the fertile
stamens, are often petaloid, and partially cohere. This view of the nature
of the labellum explains its large size, its frequently tripartite form, and
especially the manner of its coherence to the column, unlike that of the
other petals.” The above facts leave little room for doubt as to the origin
of the organs in question. It may further be pointed out that the wings
of the column are sometimes as truly petaloid as the side lobes of the
lip, but no one doubts that they are staminodes, and pefectly homologous
with the stamens of Cypripedium, or with the lateral stamens of the inner

whorl of a lily or other monocotyledon.
R.A. R.

DIACRIUM BICORNUTUM.

AN interesting note respecting this beautiful Orchid is given by Mr. W. E.
Broadway, of Grenada, in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for May 2nd (p. 548) :—
“On boulders and bare stumps, which would otherwise be bare and
unsightly objects about the Botanic Garden and the Government House
Grounds, clumps of this most lovely Virgin Mary Orchid have been planted,
and are now in full blossom (March 23th, 1896). The pure white flowers
with dotted and streaked lip and column-base, fill the air with a delightful
aroma, and these, massed together in profuse numbers, form a very effective
sight, glistening in the sun as though covered with frost: We have a
specimen which differs somewhat from the ordinary white in this respect,

206 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

that its flowers are purple-tinted, and the lip divisions narrower. The
flower stems are dark-coloured th gh and, in 1 , Show up
the white bracts distinctly, and thus it resembles D. indivisum. In the
other the peduncles are green. The sheathing leaf base has purple lines,
the white form green ones. D. indivisum, growing beside its ally,
presents a miserable comparison; its puny white flowers are quickly
followed by seed-pods. D. bicornutum is a feature of Government House
Grounds during the early months of the year, when its flowers expand in
large numbers.”

CYPRIPEDIUMS NIGRITUM, VIRENS, AND DAYANUM.

SOME very interesting information has come to light respecting these three
species. The history of C. nigritum was given at page 79, and shortly
afterwards it also flowered in the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge
Hall, Bury, out of a batch of imported Bornean Cypripediums purchased
from Messrs. Hugh Low & Co. And now both C. Dayanum and C. virens
have flowered out of the same lot, thus affording evidence, as Mr. Wrigley
very well points out, that the three grow together. The leaves of C.
nigritum and C. virens resemble each other so closely as to be almost i
distinguishable, and out of flower the two might be gathered as a single
species, but those of C. Dayanum are much more strongly tessellated.

C. virens appeared as a single plant among an importation of Cyprii
from North Borneo, in 1858, made by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., from
whom it was acquired shortly afterwards by the late Mr. John Day, of
Tottenham. It is nearly allied to the Javan C. javanicum, and, indeed, §
sometimes considered as a variety of it. It is, however, a distinct ge
graphical form.

C. Dayanum was discovered on Mount Kina Balu, in north-east Borne
by Mr. (now Sir Hugh) Low, who sent it with some pitcher plants to the
nursery of Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., at Clapton, from whom Mr. Day,
Tottenham, acquired the box containing the entire stock of both. A few
the Cypripedium only survived, and one of them flowered in the summef
1860. It remained very rare in gardens until 1879, when Messrs Por
Veitch and F, W. Burbidge again obtained it in the same region,
collecting for Messrs, James Veitch & Sons. ;

The above facts are interesting, especially in connection with the
formation respecting natural hybrids in the genus which has recently -
to hand, and, considering how little is known of the conditions under which
these plants grow, it is advisable to place them on record.

R, AOR

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 207

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

One of the most remarkable Orchids now flowering in the Kew collection
is the South African Bartholina pectinata, which has the lip broken up into
seventeen or more radiating linear lobes, lilac-purple in colour. Owing to
a fancied bl of the lip-segments to the legs of a spider, it has been
called the Spider Orchid. It is about four inches high, and bears a single
cordate leaf close to the soil. Masdevallia muscosa is remarkable on
account of its mossy peduncles, and the habit of the lip closing up suddenly
when a little tubercle near the base is touched, but gradually opening again
after a short time. The arrangement is evidently connected with the
fertilisation of the flower, and its effect would be to temporarily imprison
an insect which crawled over the tubercle. M. hieroglyphica, M. peristeria,
M. triaristella, M. demissa, and others are also now flowering. Megaclinium
minutum is a compact tuft, completely covered with its curious flattened
racemes ; Spathoglottis ixioides is a dwarf Himalayan species, with pretty
bright yellow flowers. Cryptochilus sangui is kable for having
the sepals united into a tube, whose colour is indicated by the specific
name.

Maxillaria sanguinea is a very graceful and pretty little plant with a
bright crimson lip, and flowers very freely when well grown. M. aciantha
has green flowers with remarkably persistent rigid segments. Among
Polystachyas may be mentioned P. bulbophylloides, exactly like a small
Bulbophyllum in habit, P. zambesiaca with yellow-green flowers, and P.
bracteosa. Cirrhopetalum gracillimum is an elegant little thing with nearly
crimson flowers, the lateral sepals being very long and narrow. Platyclinis
is represented by P. abbreviata and P. longifolia, and Pleurothallis by P.
unistriata, P. rotundifolia. and others. Bifrenaria Charlesworthii is a rare
Brazilian species with hairy lip; Luisia cantharis has flowers exactly
resembling a beetle ; and Erycina echinata is a curious Oncidium-like plant
very seldom seen in cultivation.

Among Oncidiums may be mentioned O. H 0. phy
and O. virgulatum ; and among Epidendrums the pretty little E. brac-
teosum, E. equitans, and E. virgatum. Other interesting things are
Phalenopsis Esmeralda, Promenza xanthina, Gomeza planifolia, the pretty
Colax jugosus, Gongora gratulabunda, Pelexia maculata, Catasetum
Lemosii, S labi longical t and various other Orchids, some of
which are seldom met with in private collections.

We are glad to find that more attention is being paid to these so-called
botanical Orchids. _We know of several collections where more attention is
being paid to them than was formerly the case, and there are so many which
are quite as interesting as their more showy brethren, and also as easily

hell

208 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

grown and as floriferous, besides taking up less space. They introduce variety
into the collection, and those who saw the splendid collection exhibited by
Sir Trevor Lawrence at the Temple Show will be able to realise how
deserving of cultvation the best of them are. They should be grown
on into good-sized clumps, in order to get the best results, and it is only
when thus grown one can form an idea what they are really capable of.

A FRAUD IN THE ORCHID TRADE.

Awonst all the Orchids imported to England, probably the most popular,
as well as. the most extensively cultivated, is Odontoglossum crispum ig
Every year many thousands of this plant are imported from Colombia fo
the English market. It is no secret that the most famous type is that
Pacho, and this is becoming more and more scarce, and consequently mor :
expensive to collect in its native habitat. When it is mentioned that the
Pacho type is the most prized, it should be stated that inferior types ate
procurable in great abundance other than in the Pacho region. Thus the
inferior types abound at a distance of two or three days’ journey from the 7
Pacho centre. . In England there are some expert O. crispum growers, -_
can, as a rule, distinguish the Pacho forms from the worthless forms} be
even experts are sometimes at a loss to distinguish the legitimate Fach —
forms when they are exposed in the market for sale as imported—.¢., }
with bulbs devoid of leaves. When experts are puzzled, the o1
purchaser at sale-rooms is, of course, easily duped. Forms or types of
plants are thus frequently bought that are not worth growing. Not oa

consigned to the tubbish-heap. oe
This year a new departure in the O. crispum trade has sprung pe
scores of thousands are being exported from Colombia. The vast majonty
of the plants thus obtained come from regions whence only thes ze
known types of O. crispum come ; amongst them a large intermixtn
of O. Lindleyanum, &c. But this is not all. These despised type"
O. crispum, &c., are conveyed several days’ journey on mules’ backs .
Pacho, in order to pack them there, and to label each case with the _
of ff Pacho.”"—Criterion, in Gard. Chyon., May 30th, p. 674.

SaaS Genome

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 209
A GROUP OF HABENARIAS.

Our present illustration shows a pretty little group of Habenarias,
reproduced from a photograph taken in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking, by Mr. G. I’Anson, and indicates how
effective they are when well grown. The upper central figure sh
remarkable H. Susanne, on either side of which stands a plant of the
brillant H. militaris, while in front are three plants of the equally
beautiful H. carnea. The first named, being a tall grower, has been stood
down behind, so as to bring the flowers within the picture, while the three

Fic. 10.—HABENARIA SUSANNE.
Fic. 12.—H. CARNEA.

Fic. 11.—H. MILITARIS.

latter are also lowered so that the leaves are omitted.
of these charming little plants our readers can picture
the group was like in the living state.

HaBENARIA SUSANN& (Fig. 10) is a well-known
has been known ever since the time of Linnzus,
Susanne. It has appeared in cultivation on several os
figured at t. 3374 of the Botanical Magazine, though it has

to the

Indian sp
who call

210 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

that permanent position in collections to which its beauty entitles it,
probably on-account of the difficulty of bringing it safely through the
resting season. If this difficulty can be surmounted it ought to be more
widely cultivated, for its beauty is undoubted, and in August, 1894, it
received a First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society.
Major-General Berkeley thus speaks of it in our second volume (p. 331):—
“T have seen whole beds of it in flower in Moulmein, and I can only
suppose that difficulty of transport prevented collectors from bringing it
home. . . . I have met with it both in India and Burmah, and it was

always a great delight to come across a group of it. It is found in very

warm, sheltered, moist places. It is too soft and succulent a plant to grow

under any other conditions, and should do well in a shady corner in the

stove. The flowers are not always pure white, I have found spikes of it

with a dash of green, but all the varieties are beautiful.” It is rather

widely diffused, being found in North and South India, South China, and

in some of the Malay islands. It grows from two to four feet high, and

sometimes bears as many as five flowers ; from which it will be seen that

our figure fails to do it full justice. The remarkable fringed side lobes of

the lip and. the long spur are well shown in the illustration. Now that

the culture of some of these tropical Habenarias is better understood, we

hope to meet with it more frequently in collections.

H. miuitaris (Fig. 11) is a brilliantly-coloured species, which wa
originally discovered in the mountains of Phu Quogq, in Cambodia, by Lad
Godefroy Lebeuf. It was described by Reichenbach in 1878, from a GH
specimen, under the name of Habenaria pusilla (Otia Bot. Hamb., p- 33
Very little appears to have been known about it then, as nothing is said
about its brilliant colours. M. A. Regnier afterwards obtained it from
Cochin China, probably from the mountainous region of Tay-Ninh, and ia
1886 he sent a living plant in flower to Reichenbach, who recognised i
H. pusilla, but considering that name altogether inappropriate, he re-nal®
the species H. militaris, in allusion to the brilliant scarlet lip, resembling *
soldier’s jacket. The plants here represented are rather dwarf, as it offen
attains a height of over a foot ; but it will be observed that only a few ®
the lower flowers are expanded. It is too well known to require forthe
description, but we may add that in October, 1893, Sir Trevor Lawrem™ :
was awarded a Silver Flora Medal for a fine pan of it, over two feet im
diameter, containing a number of very fine plants. The method of oat
So successfully practised by Mr. White was given in full in our first ‘
(pp. 83-85), to which we refer our readers for details. :

H. carne (Fig. 12) is a native of Perak, where it grows 0D lie
rocks, and was sent home by Mr. C. H. Curtis, of the Forest Departmét {
there. It flowered at Kew and with Messrs. James Veitch &

THE ORCHID REVIEW. on

Chelsea, in 1892. Though quite different from the preceding, it is an
equally charming plant, and in October, 1893, Messrs. Sander received a
First-class Certificate for it. The flowers are large and of a beautiful light
flesh pink, while the leaves are spotted with white ona ground-colour which
may be described as grey, suffused with pinkish brown of an almost in-
describable shade. The eye-like spots seen in the figure are simply
openings between the lobes, which enable the dark back-ground to show
through. It succeeds very well under the treatment given to H. militaris.
There is a white-flowered form called variety nivosa, for which Messrs. W.
L. Lewis & Co., of Southgate, received an Award of Merit in July, 1894.
The leaves are also green and unspotted, but in other respects it fully agrees
with the type.

RENANTHERA STORIEI.

Tuis splendid Philippine Renanthera has just flowered in the rich collection
of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., bearing a large panicle with four branches
and forty flowers. It is allied to the brilliant R. coccinea, but has larger
flowers of different shape, marbled with two shades of the richest velvet
crimson. It was described by Reichenbach in 1880 (Gard. Chron., 1880,
XIV., p. 296) from materials sent by Mr. J. G. Storie to Messrs. Hugh Low
& Co., and in a subsequent note it was pointed out that Mr. H. T. Brown
had also obtained it on a small island, when on an excursion from his
residence at Tayabas, in the Philippines (Gard. Chron., 1881, XVI., p.
364.) Some time ago it flowered with Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, and
was figured in the Orchid Album (XI., t. 513), which, however, shows the
ground-colour much more yellow than in the one exhibited by Sir Trevor
Lawrence at the last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society. It is a
very handsome species, but unfortunately, like R. coccinea, does not seem
inclined to flower until the plant gets a good size.

NOVELTIES.

Ca@LocyNE LAUTERBACHIANA, Kranzl.—A species from
which flowered in the Berlin Botanic Garden in April last.
C. carnea, Hook. f., and has small salmon-coloured flowers.—
K. Bot. Gart. Berlin, 1896, p- 113- :

SosrALIA BrANDTI&, Kranzl.—A species allied to S. macrantha, which
flowered in the collection of Mrs. Brandt, of Zurich. It was introduced
by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., but the habitat is not recorded. The
flowers are smaller than in S. macrantha, and rose-purple, with the disc
of the lip orange-coloured, and bearing five slightly elevated lines,—
Gard, Chron., May 16, p. 608.

New Guinea,
It is allied to
Notizbl.

212 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

OncipiuM GopsEFFIANUM, Kranzl.—A species much like O. pubes,
Lindl., in general character, but differing in having smaller flowers with
the lateral sepals free, and thus should be compared with O. fimbriatum,
Lindl., which the author does not mention. It flowered with Messrs.
Sander in May last.—Gard. Chron., June 20, p. 754.

CC@ZLOGYNE UNIFLORA.

WITH respect to the abolition of the genus Panisea, proposed by Dr.
Kranzlin (Gard. Chron., April 25, p. 516), after an examination of P. unifiom,
Lindl., it should be pointed out the plant is not a Panisea at all, but a true
Ccelogyne, as was long ago pointed out by Bentham. The true Paniseas,
which Dr. Kranzlin admits not having examined, are at all events sufficiently
different from Coelogyne uniflora, which I have seen flowering every season
for many years. The assertion that “ Lindley unfortunately relinquished
his sagacious method of showing Orchids” is easily disproved by an &
amination of his Folia Orchidacea, which certainly does contain the result of
ripened and elaborate studies. One has only to compare his revision of the
genera Oncidium and Epidendrum with his earlier sketches in the Botanic
Register to see that, to say nothing of the difficult genera Pleurothallis and
Stelis. The fact is, his work was progressive in the best sense of the word,
right up to the last. It is unfort that Reichenbach never learnt his
sagacious methods.

R. AR
a
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR JULY.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.
THE t in all d

in the
Calendar for May.

must still remain as advised }

The season so far has been a particularly hot, dry, and fast one: tt
therefore, Orchid growers find themselves behind hand with their potting
operations, small blame to them. Weather such as we have been i: an
although it may be known only to those directly concerned, causes
enormous amount of extra work; and by the time the watering, a
airing, shading, cleaning, and the hundred-and-one other little ie
done which are found necessary to continually keep the temperature
atmosphere well balanced and suitable for healthy growth, 2 grea
has been made upon one’s time and energies. in

During such hot, fast seasons, things seem to me to get topsy 1
Some way. Nothing seems to bide its proper time to flower and ee I
Pops out upon you before you are ready to attend to it; consequen'”

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 213

am afraid that it frequently happens that something or another has to be
left undone or unattended to, and such a state of affairs is, of course, far
from being satisfactory. But what is to be done? One does not like to
pull a plant about when the proper time for so doing has long since passed,
and we all know that in order to pot a plant well it is necessary to pull the
roots about a good deal. We must never pot badly or carelessly. We
must never insert an old basket, or pot, or pan within another, in order to
spare the roots from being disturbed. No; when repotting is done, let it
be done thoroughly well ; otherwise let it alone. If it should happen that
time is scarce, or that the season for potting has long past, then, should a
plant appear to be in a fair condition, and likely to pull through another
season without serious results following, let it stand over till another year
rather than half do it or do it at the wrong season. What can’t be cured
must be endured.

Whatever else has to be left undone, see well to the most important
points, namely, ventilation, and moisture in the atmosphere by damping
down the floors and by spraying the plants overhead in all departments
two or three times during the hottest part of the day. Also keep the
plants free from insect pests by fumigating occasionally with XL.All
insecticide as soon as ever signs of thrip or aphis are observed. Under
these conditions the plants will not go far wrong if they otherwise have to
rough it. There is another matter of some importance, which, if given
attention, will perhaps help the cultivator to some extent. It is everything
to an Orchid to be in the position it likes. Do not therefore keep a plant
in the same position too long if it fails to grow there satisfactorily. Once
a plant finds a position it likes it will then luxuriate, and give not nearly v§
much trouble and worry. Position, in fact, should not be ead
for it is of more real importance to the cultivator than is generally ees
for the successful cultivation and flowering of Orchids. It is surprising
what a large number of different Orchids will thrive perfectly well as aon
small amateur’s house if the matter of finding suitable places SETAE
carried out. I have even grown some of the short-bulbed seer *
such as L. anceps and L. autumnalis, very well ines house w' ote
Odontoglossums and Oncidiums have been growing and as posed
suspending them in a place where they had plenty of sanshine , a a
division between two blinds caused by their not meeting ; oe ti aes 4
Thunias, and many of the Cattleyas did very well in a like Joe fa let
some Dendrobiums, too, including D. Wardianum and D. nobile. er ;
not hedna chet d the same house for i oe vi
these species ; far from it. I merely mention the fact just to ~ 70
what can, or could, be done. And how one could amuse — sm
himself having one house for Orchids only, supposing he had the pa

214 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and time at his disposal, which would be necessary at first to ensure
success.

Something about manuring Orchids is doubtless looked for, and rightly
so, in the Calendar of Operations, which is above all things practical, and
written for the guidance of all who may desire it. I have from time to
time advised manure in a weak liquid state for certain species, such as
Calanthes, and Ccelogynes, and some few others, which from practice 1
have found did them no harm, but, on the other hand, seemed to do them
good for atime. But I have never been very loquacious on this matter of
manuring Orchids, for I have never fully believed in it, and yet have never
openly flouted the idea. Like many others, I have sometimes thought that
manurial aid might possibly be of assistance, if once the proper proportion
and the proper way of applying it was fully understood. Now I am
determined to shelve manure in every shape and form, for, so far as 1am
concerned, my conclusion is that manure is not permanently beneficial; 1
don’t believe I shall ever use another drop of manure, not even on those
species which I have previously enumerated as manure takers. Iam certain
that in the long run manure does more harm than good, and that the
plants are better without it, and that it is the cause of much mischief
which is attributed to other causes. ,

Having said this much I feel relieved, for I should indeed be sorry for
any cultivator to think that I recommend manure. On the other hand, I
now believe that an Orchid which receives it is apt to go wrong at any time:
Things have happened that make me think there is no certainty about
them ; that you cannot depend upon them, and that they are liable tO
disease at any moment, which will carry them off like the snuff of a candle.
Plants that are here to-day and gone to-morrow are, to say the least, most a

_ undesirable. It is better to go on slowly but surely ; to be satisfied hy
‘slower and smaller new growths, well ripened, and matured by the admission
of plenty of fresh air, which I believe is, after all, the best possible manure,
and the only natural one for Orchids. Plants so nurtured are bout
make their mark in time ; all that is required is patience. é

We must endeavour, if possible, to get the greater part of the repotting
finished in the Cattleya and Intermediate houses this month. I neve”
Tepotting Cattleyas much later, as it leaves such a short time before tie
dull weather sets in upon us, for them to recover sufficiently td ea
through the winter safely. Sobralias should be repotted 4% with
as the flowering season is past. Good turfy strong loam, mixed | if
broken charcoal and sand, suits them admirably. They should be pote!

firmly. Once strongly established, they are of most easy growth, a

but little trouble, They make a large quantity of thick fleshy woe
must therefore have pots, or pans, of a reasonable size to contain" :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 215

When repotting, it is not advisable to disturb the old ball of roots more
than is really necessary, for if pulled about very much a great check is given.
Sobralias delight in Intermediate or Cattleya house temperature, and in a
moderate supply of water the whole year round, as they have no special resting
period.

Odontoglossum Schlieperianum and the rare O. Williamsii are now
flowering, and will afterwards commence to grow, when they also should be
repotted. They are very pretty Orchids when strong, but from small
weakly pseudobulbs the spikes are spindly and the flowers insignificant,
and therefore should not be allowed to flower till the plants are strong.
The Intermediate house is the best place for them.

The summer flowering Cypripediums, such as C. Stonei, C. Law-
renceanum, C. barbatum, and C. Godefroyz, should also receive attention
when flowering is past. The section to which the last-named _ species
belong is not of easy management, unless the plants happen to get a
position that suits them. A few weeks ago I saw one growing, and growing
like mad, in what seemed to me to be a most unlikely place. It was
suspended over a water tank, a good distance from the glass, and in a not
by any means light position, in fact, a very shady one. It is worth a trial.
For this section, stiff fibrous loam intermixed with small lumps of chalk is
the best compost that I know of.

The inmates of the East Indian house are now growing apace, and
must not lack moisture. The deciduous Calanthes are getting well Sa:
and may receive more water at the roots. Phalznopses are pushing up
good leaves and making plenty of young roots; this is a good season to
pick out the old decayed sphagnum moss and replace it with new; but care
must be taken that the roots are not disturbed in the slightest. The Den-
drobiums, too, are growing well. When the new growths are well up, and
have a good number of new roots, rather than keep the compost too
soddened with water, it is a good plan to keep it drier, making up for it =
getting the syringe well in among them two or three times daily when the
days are bright and hot. The plants like it, and it is one of the best cage
to keep down red spider, which must not on any apcount be ant did
Prosper. If the house is as well and freely ventilated during such splen 7
summer weather as we are now getting as it ought to be, the casualties re)
the new growths damping off will be but few with the majority ae
But with D. Bensoni and D. superbum you have to be very care! -
syringing not to let the water get down into the axils, for ae — om
given to damping off. I find it is best for this department, and 2 ig .
if possible, a slight warmth in the hot water pipes during oe sit ae,
air both top and bottom can be left on all through the night. We hut the
grow Orchids well without air : it is the life and soul of them. To shu

a
216 THE ORCHID REVIEW. f
Dendrobiums up in a close house, so as to keep the temperature warm the
whole night, in order to spare lighting the fire, is a source of danger, and
many growths invariably damp off.

Cattleyas Warneri and C. Warscewiczii (gigas) are now commencing
to flower, after which new roots will commence to push from the base of the
new pseudobulb ; then is the best time to re-pot them. Do not exposethem
too much to the sun for a few weeks afterwards, nor keep them too dry;
but they must be placed ina department where they receive plenty of ait
and are kept pretty cool, or they will start to make second growths, which
is always well to avoid, if possible. In spite of one’s utmost endeavours @
small number of them are almost sure to break again, which cannot be
helped, and which need cause no alarm; give such plants exactly similar
treatment to those quite dormant. When an Orchid, say a Cattleya or@
Dendrobium, or a Thunia, or anything else, has completed its growth, itis
a great and ofttimes fatal mistake to withhold water too suddenly.
plants very quickly shrivel up, causing immature growth and other evils
The watering of the roots must go on as usual for some time, but the plants
should be removed to a place where they may receive more air and light.
Trust to air both night and day, to assist in preventing second growth and
to thoroughly ripen the pseudobulbs, but do not withhold water at the same
time; the strain is too great. The other Cattleyas and Lalias will now be
actively growing, and should be well attended to, spraying them over!
occasionally, especially early in the afternoon when the shading is removed
and the ventilation is reduced. The houses should be damped down at
least three times daily, and air admitted freely.

We try to keep the Cool house as cool as we can. The ventilators a
opened as widely as possible, and remain so. With this air it is impos®
to damp the surroundings too often, This treatment the plants enjoy:
Sophronitis grandiflora is now starting to grow again, after having had
short rest since flowering. It succeeds best in small pans suspended, be 3
not a sun-loving species. Now is a good time to do what is required in bis

may of Te-panning or top dressing. Lelia prastans and L. Dayana ae +
Starting to grow, and should likewise be attended to. These ate “a

grown in baskets, or pans, suspended, and should occupy a warm position
warmest end of the house. They delight in a good long rest iui ;
the winter. Lelia harpophylla is another that does well in this depart Ra
if given a like position, as also does L. monophylla, which is @ wa
Orchid. This latter species prefers to be kept moist the whole year rol
and should be grown in very small pans or baskets. Oncidium tigrisvas
now pushing up new growths, and may be repotted. _I prefer to ~
beautiful Orchid in pots under exactly the same treatment as ie a
glossum crispums enjoy, Like many other cool Orchids, it is often

THE ORCHID REVIEW , 217

by being kept too wet at the roots. Orchids do not require to be kept so
wet as is sometimes supposed ; it rots the compost and kills the roots, and
what follows it is needless to say. When water is applied with moderation
during the time the plants are growing, and they are kept on the dry side
when inactive, repotting in many instances is really not necessary more
than once in two or three years with these cool and intermediate species,
and they are better if not pulled about for the purpose of repotting too
often.

Masdevallias that require a shift should be done this month. Peat and
sphagnum moss in equal parts is the best compost. The peat need not be
of the best fibrous nature for these, but it should be lumpy, so that the water
passes away quickly. They are best managed, and are much more certain to
produce a large amount of flower spikes, if grown in small pots—32’s are a
convenient size for them. Like all other cool growing Orchids, the weather
is rather too hot just now for this genus, but no harm can be done them if
kept well shaded, and the ventilators and doors thrown open wide. Cool
Orchids are injured by heat during summer only when they are kept too
close. During winter they suffer from the effect of excessive cold also by
the same means.

——+—_.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

ANGRECUM FOURNIERZ, ANDRE.—Rev. Hort., June 1, p- 256, with fig.
This is A. stylosum, Rolfe.

CATTLEYA Mossi# VAR. BEATRICE. — Gard. Mag., June 20, Pp. 406,
with fig.

Ca@LocynE VeitcHu, Rolfe—Wien Ill. Gart.-Zeit., May, pp- 187, 189,
fig. 24. '

CYCNOCHES CHLOROCHILON.—The Garden, May 30, P- 493; with fig.

Cyprirepium x RipotrianuM, Pucci.—Bull. Soc. Tosc. Ort., March,
P- 144, t. 4.

DENDROBIUM FINDLAYANUM.—The Garden, June 13, P:

Hapenarta Etwestt, Hook. f.—Bot. Mag., t- 7478+.

L&LIA X ELEGANS VAR. TURNERI.—The Garden, May 23, p- 384, t- 1067-

Lzuto-cattLevA X PytHo.—Journ. Hort., June 26, Pp- 579 588,
fig. 102,*

MILTONIA VEXILLARIA VAR.
June 11, p. 537, fig. 88; Gard. Mag., June 13,
Chron., June 20, p. 755+

SACCOLABIUM AMPULLACEUM-

fig. 76.

. 446, t. 1070.

“ Memoria G. D. Owen.”—Journ. Hort.,
p- 386, with fig. ; Gard.

—Journ. Hort., May 21, pp- 461, 463,

218, THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE MANCHESTER SHOW.

THE annual Whitsuntide Show of the Manchester Royal Botanical and
Horticultural Society was held at the Gardens, Old Trafford, from May
21st to 27th, when Orchids were exhibited in large numbers, the Show
House being, as usual, nearly filled with them, making a brilliant display.

The first prize for a collection of Orchids in bloom, limited to amateurs,
was secured by E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mn
Holbrook), with a rich and varied group, containing, among other things,
many good forms of Lelia purpurata, L. tenebrosa, Cattleya x calummata,
the fine C. Lueddemanniana nobilior, some good C. Schroeder, Mendel,
Mossiz and others, many good Odontoglossum crispum and Miltonia
vexillaria, Schomburgkia tibicinis, Dendrobium Dearei and others, various
Cypripediums, &c. Be

F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), was
second with a fine group, including some good Dendrobium pulchellum
(Dalhousi ), D. thyrsifl , D. fimbriatum oculatum, Diacrium

, Cyprip bellatum, a fine dark form of C. villosum, and @
good selection of the usual showy Cattleyas, Odontoglossums, &e. or

A group exhibited by S. Hinchcliffe, Esq., Hale, Altrincham, included
Anguloa Clowesii, Cattleya Schilleriana, Oncidium sphacelatum and others,
with some good Cattleyas, Lelias, &c.

In the Nurserymen’s class, Mr. James Cypher, Cheltenham, was first
with a splendid group, including some fine Lelia purpurata, Cattleya
Skinneri, and other showy forms, Oncidium concolor, O. macranthum ae |
O. serratum, Vanda suavis, Epidendrum x O’Brienianum, some g0%
Cypripediums, &c. The group was very effectively arranged.

Messrs. Heath & Son, of Cheltenham, were third with a group in
Bee ee good Miltonia vexillaria, together with Cattleya Skinneri, Aerides

lium, Odontog! =

pe +

Bed
+

5

i 1g , &e. 4.
Mr. John Kitson, of Bowden, secured the second prize with @ i
group, containing some good Cattleya Warneri, a very fine C. ee
Epidendrum vitellinum, Dendrobium X Cassiope, Odontoglossum ; .
Selenipedium x grande atratum, &c. =

For the best collection of Cattleyas and Lelias the first prize weal
7. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield (gr. Mr. Johnson), with er
lot, including Cattleya Mendelii leucoglossa, Laelia grandis, sone =
Lelia purpurata, Lelio-cattleya x Pallas superba, &c. 2

The second prize went to F. Hardy, Esq., whose group conta

brilliant Cattleya Schrederiana, C. Skinneri alba, C. dolosa, C. S¢ i se
Gy — Venus, a beautiful Laelia purpurata Schroeder, and 0 ioe
or the best collection of Cypripediums in bloom the first priz€

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 219

E. Ashworth, Esq., who exhibited a large group, including the beautiful C.
bellatulum album, and some fine forms of C. Chamberlainianum. T.
Statter, Esq., took the second prize, C. philippinense and C. X Gertrude
Holling being thy. F. Hardy, Esq., was third, among his best
plants being C. Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, C. Druryi, and Selenipedium
x leucorrhodum.

For the best collection of Dendrobiums in bloom Mr. J. Cypher was
first, and E. Ashworth, Esq., a good second.

For the best collection of Odontoglossums, F. Hardy, Esq., took premier
honours, his group containing some good O. Harryanum, O. crispum, and
O. X Andersonianum, among others. Mr. John Robson was second, and
staged some good O. crispum, Miltonia Roezlii, &c.

In the Nurserymen’s class of the best Orchid in bloom, Messrs. Heath
were the only exhibitors, and took the first prize with a well-grown plant of
Lelia purpurata.

Among the Orchids staged not for competition was a splendid group
from Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, which received the award of a
large Gold Medal. It contained a fine specimen of Cattleya Mossia
Reineckeana, with other forms of this species, C. Mendelii, some good

forms of Lelia purpurata, Cypriped cf

longifolia with erect spikes of purple flowers, Oncidium varicosum Rogersii,
various forms of Odontoglossum crispum, Epid Pp
Randii, Dendrobium Bensone, some good Miltonia vexillaria, &c.

Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., Heaton, Bradford, exhibited a choice
group, containing several good forms of Lelia purpurata and Cattleya
Mossiz, a good C. Schilleriana, some fine forms of Odontoglossum
crispum, and other good Orchids.

Messrs. John Cowan & Co., Garston, near Liverpool, had a fine group,
containing some good Cattleya Mossiz, including C. M. Reineckeana, a
fine C. x Harrisii, Coelogyne pandurata, D drobi hy and D.
superbum, fine specimens of Brassia verrucosa, Ada aurantiaca, &c. c

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, H lingden, sent an P
fine form of Cypripedium X Gertrude Hollington. aia

C. Dibb, Esq. (gr. Mr. Brindrett), exhibited a Cattleya Mendelii with
one of which carried six flowers, which had been grown
and the pot was one mass of roots,

1}

three fine spikes,
in a greenhouse for the last seven years, ‘
showing that it had not been potted for a long period. :
Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son staged some good Cattleyas and Lalias
in a miscellaneous collection, also Od gl m X Wilck &e.
Mr. H. J. Chapman, of Camberwell, ex
dried Orchids, in which the colours were very well preserved.
First-class Certificates were awarded to the following plants :—

hibited a good collection of

220 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Odontoglossum crispum Warburtonianum, Odontoglossum Charles-

thi and Cypripedium xX Cowley Annie Louise, exhibited by
Charlesworth & Co.; Cattleya Mendelii Countess of Derby, Cattleya
Mossie Her Majesty, Lelia purpurata alboviolacea, Lelia purpurata
Distinction, Miltonia vexillaria leucoglossa, and Stenoglottis longifolia,
exhibited by Messrs. Sander & Co.

ae

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.
THE display of Orchids at the Drill Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, on
June oth last. was a magnificent one, both in the extent and in the quality
of the exhibits.

Baron Sir H. Schroder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent @
small group of choice things, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
contained fine specimens of Lelia grandiflora (majalis), Sobralia
xantholeuca, the pure white S. macrantha Kienastiana, the rematk
able Cypripedium Stonei platytanium, two handsome forms of Leelio-
cattleya X Canhamiana, Miltonia vexillaria gigantea and M. v. radiata in
well-flowered examples, half-a-dozen splendid forms of Odontoglossum
crispum, and others.

H. T. Pitt, Esq., Rosslyn, Stoke Newington (gr. Mr. Aldous), received
a Silver Flora Medal for a splendid group, containing some excellent forms
of Cattleya Mossie and Lelia purpurata, together with Phaius “s
Owenianus, Anguloa Clowesii, Oncidium phymatochilum, Vanda Deni-
soniana, Ccelogyne pandurata, Odontoglossums, Cypripediums, &c.

Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), staged
most interesting and pretty group, to which a Silver Banksian Medal we
given. It contained Thunia Brymeriana and the pure white T- candi-

dissima, Luisia Amesiana, Dendrot bract D. aduncum,
tenebrosa, Lalio-cattleya x Arnoldiana, Bulbophyllum Lobbii, Epiden
drum B la -E pri DI] hallj Grobyi, some §'

Masdevallia Harryana, and aihiste, including M. triaristella, simula,
guttulata, Rolfeana, and others. Botanical Certificates were givem
Saccalobium miniatum and Epidendrum fragrans.

Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr- Masterton),
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a group of good forms of one
glossum crispum, one of which, called O. c. Lord Sherborne , received a”
Award of Merit. It is allied to O. c. guttatum.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), showed 87
good examples of Spathoglottis Lobbii and S. Kimballiana, Catasetu™
splendens leucanthum, a fine creamy white form, which received an A’ ee
of Merit, and a species of Chondrorhyncha from Costa Rica, with 8

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 221

white flowers, to which a Botanical Certificate was given. It has since
been named C. albicans, Rolfe.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), received
a First-class Certificate for a splendid form of Miltonia vexillaria, called
“‘ Memoria G. D. Owen,” approaching M. v. Leopoldi. He also showed
two fine forms of Cattleya Mossiz, one of which was like var. Reineckeana
with slate-coloured marbling in front of the lip.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), sent
Lzlio-Cattleya x Regalis (L. purpurata 2 X C. Mendelii ¢ ) and L.-c. x
Regalis nigra, L.-c. X Electra (C. Percivaliana ¢ X L. purpurata 3), and
L.-c. x Pytho (L.-c. x elegans Turneri @ X C. Loddigesii ¢), the latter
receiving an Award of Merit.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howe), showed
a fine Cattleya Mossie Wageneri.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke), sent
two very fine forms of Odontoglossum crispum.

Holbrook Gaskell, Esq., Woolton Wood, Liverpool, sent Cypripedium
X Ledouxie.

Captain T. A. Julian, Plymouth, sent a fine Cattleya Mossiz.

F. W. Moore, Esq., Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, sent the rare
Masdevalla fragrans.

Sir Charles Strickland, Bart., Hildenley, Malton (gr. Mr. Smith), sent
flowers of a pretty hybrid between Cypripedium bellatulum ¢ and C.
concolor 3, showing some little variation in the markings.

T. W. Swinburne, Esq., Corndean Hall, Winchcombe, sent some good
forms of Cypripedium bellatulum, and other Orchids. :

A. Warburton, Esq., Vine House, Haslingden, sent a beautiful form of
Lelia tenebrosa, very near the one known as Walton Grange variety.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, staged a splendid group, to
which a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained a fine specimen of

ifl Walkeri D. Dearei, various forms of Lalia

tenebrosa, L. purpurata and Cattleya Mossiz, ‘
fine pans of Disa X kewensis and D. X gley P’ :
vitellinum, E. aromaticum, Lelio-cattleya X Hippolyta, L.-c. x Zep yra,
L.-c. xX Canhami Cyprip dium bellatulum, C. Curtisi1, Selenipedium
X Clonius, Odontoglossums, and other showy Orchids. ; é

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, also received a Silver Flora
Medal for another fine group, containing some very fine forms of Cattleya
Mossi, and among them the beautiful C- M. Reineckeans, c. x wasang
maculata, Lzlia tenebrosa, Lezlio-cattleya X ane phy
Dearei, Epidend Godsefiianum, Cypripedium Curtisii, C. bellatulum,

and various other good things.

C. citrina, and others ; two
- . Se

222 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a large and handsome
group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was also given. It contained Phaits
X Owenianus, Sobralia x Amesie, S. X Veitchii, Aérides Houlletianum,
Physosiphon Loddigesii, Cirrhopetalum picturatum, Disa x Premier,
Maxillaria nervosa, Dendrobium crystalli Od gl Harryanum,
and others, .Lzlio-cattleya x Arnoldiana and L.-c. x Mardelii (C.
Lueddemanniana ? X L.-c. x elegans 3), a very pretty hybrid, which
had previously been raised by Messrs. Veitch, and now received an Award
of Merit. Botanical Certificates were also awarded to Pleurothallis
tribuloides, and Peristeria aspersa.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for a good group, in which were Cattleya Waren,
Oncidium Marshallianum, Aérides odoratum, Vanda tricolor and V.
concolor, Denbrobium Xx polyphlebium, and some good Odontoglossums,
ease

prip , Cattleyas, Dendrobi &e.
Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, also contributed an effective
group, to which a Bronze Banksian Medal was given. It contained some
good forms of Cattleya Mossi and C. Mendelii, C. citrina, the handsome
Cypripedium x Gertrude Hollington, C. x Hobsoni, some good Odonto-
glossums, Oncidiums, &c. A Botanical Certificate was given to a we
pretty little plant exhibited as a Pogonia, which has since been named |
Hemipilia amethystina, Rolfe. It bore a single cordate leaf, prettily
‘marbled with green and brown, lying flat on the soil, and an erect raceme
of about a score white and amethyst-purple flowers. :
Mr. J. Keeling, Mount View Gardens, Glossop Road, Sheffield, sent
pretty hybrid Cypripedium derived from C. bellatulum and C. com
similar to those exhibited by Sir C. Strickland. }
At the meeting held on June 23rd the show of Orchids was considerably
less than usual, though about up to the average for the season, as there
invariably a falling off of the exhibits about Midsummer. Several Re
able ones, however, were staged, particularly the beautiful dark rims?
Renanthera Storiei with darker marbled flowers, which was exhibited ba
by Sir Trevor Lawrence and by W. J. Thompson, Esq., of Ghyllbanky
Helens.

J

exhibited 2

variegatum ; Aérides multiflorum Lobbii ; Dendrobium crystallinum eee
teum; the handsome Renanthera Storiei above mentioned, &

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 223

plant of Cypripedium superbiens with nine flowers received a First-class
Certificate, and a profusely-flowered plant of the pretty light yellow
Cirrhopetalum nutans a Botanical Certificate.

The Duke of Sutherland, Trentham (gr. Mr. Blair), was awarded a
Silver Banksian Medal for Odontoglossum crispum. “ Duke of Sutherland,”
one of the finest ever exhibited, both for the excellence of its large perfectly-
formed white flowers, and also for the noble size of the plant. It was one
of the earliest importations, made something like twenty-five years ago, and
its splendid culture reflects great credit on Mr. Blair, who has had it under
his care for a very long time.

W. S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Masterton), showed a
small group, containing a good specimen of Cattleya Warscewiczii; a well-
flowered Lycaste Deppei; and several fine plants of Odontoglossum
crispum. . crispum virginale was a pure white form with chrome yellow
and orange disc to the lip; and O. c guttatum, a very prettily spotted
variety. The group received a Vote of Thanks.

Walter -C. Walker, Esq., Percy Lodge, Winchmore Hill (gr. Mr.
Cragg), showed Stanhopea Wardii, Cattleya Warscewiczii var. Claudii,
very richly coloured; and another very large light-coloured variety ; with
cut spikes of Di i issi Cattleya intermedia, C. granulosa,
and the yellow-petalled C. g. Dubuyssonii. A Vote of Thanks was
accorded to the group.

W. G. Soper, Esq., Harestone, Caterham Valley, showed a plant of
Gongora maculata, to which a Botanical Certificate was awarded.

Mr. N. Blandford, Bitterne, Southampton, showed a good Cattleya
Warscewiczii.

H. Grinling, Esq., Harrow Weald House, Stanmore (gr. Mr. Rapley),
sent Cattleya Warscewiczii imperialis and Dendrobium Parishii.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, Staffordshire (gr. Mr. W.
Stevens), sent Lelia tenebrosa gigantea, with unusually large flowers, and
rich in colour; and Odontoglossum X Coradinei expansum, also very fine.

W. J. Thompson, Esq., Ghyllbank, St. Helens, sent a fine inflorescence
of Renanthera Storiei, with several branches, from a plant which he
received from the Philippines.

J. B. Walmsley, Esq., of Liverpool, :
radicosum album, a very pretty white form of the species. :

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young),
showed Miltonia vexillaria Chelsoniensis, a pretty variety with purple rays

resembling M. y. radiatum. ‘
Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, received

Messrs. James Veitch and Son, , eae
a Silver Flora Medal for a magnificent group of rare Orchids, which were
> Canhamiana alba,

very effectively arranged. It included Lalio-Cattleya

>
4

sent a cut spike of Aérides

224 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

a noble flower with clear white sepals and petals, and large violet-purple
lip; L.-c. X Eudora (L. xX purpurata @ x C. Mendelii g), which must
be considered a variety of L.c. x Aphrodite, from the collection of
W. R. Lee, Esq., which secured the first prize for the best hybrid Orchid
at Manchester last year. (See p. 219 of our last volume.) If the records
are correct the present one arose from the reverse cross. L.-c. X Eudora
received an Award of Merit on May 5th last, when exhibited by C. Ingram,
Esq., and on June oth another seedling with the same parentage was
exhibited as L.-c. xX Regalis, but both must be referred to Lec. x
Aphrodite. The group also contained the handsome L.-c. X eximia, L-c.
X Hippolyta, of rich Indian yellow colour, with ruby lip, the rare and
Pretty rosy lilac Cattleya Schrcederiana Rchb. f.; fine panfuls of Disa X
langleyensis and D. x kewensis, Selenipedium x Brysa, Cypripedium
Curtisii, C. ciliolare, C. niveum, C. Volonteanum, Cattleya citrina, Odonto-
glossum Harryanum and other Odont gl Phal psi amabilis, and
other good things.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, had an interesting group, the
most remarkable plant in which was Cypripedium x Neptune (C. xX Io
grande @ X C. Rothschildianum ¢ ), a very bold-looking hybrid of the C.
X Massaianum group, with large pale green flower, the petals of which
were extended like those of C. Rothschildianum, and finely blotched with
purple. It secured an Award of Merit. - Other good things in the group
were Selenipedium x Uranus (S. Lindleyanum ¢? xX S. X grande 3),
somewhat resembling S. S + ; Ang Chaill Cirtho-
petalum picturatum, Phaius Humblotii, P. x Owenianus, Sobralia X
Veitchii, S. x Amesiz, and S, xantholeuca, some very good Cattleyas
Lelia tenebrosa, Odont ral larryanum and other Odontoglossums,
Oncidium triquetrum, Thunia X Veitchii inversa, &c. A Vote of Thanks
was accorded to the group.

Messrs Hugh Low and Co. staged several fine varieties of Cattley@
Mossiz, of which C. M. bella was a very distinct form, with almost bie
rich crimson-purple lip; also Dendrobi hlop a New Guinet
Species, with greenish flowers with a few purple lines. The plant bie
to the group containing D. hyllum and D. atroviolaceum, thougt
not equal to them in beauty. oad

aii CORRESPONDENCE, &c. Pe =
hilo, A good form of Cattleya Warscewiczii, but fairly typical. This specl®®
less than Many others.

G. W. Orcidium crispum,
- = Oncidium cheirophorum should be suspended near the glass in the cool house
+S. Some notes will appear in a future number, 3

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AUGUST,

THE

Hn Fllustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOLED. FO 7ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.

che 238 3 | Dies Orchidianz
Fertilisation of Catksegute
Fertilisation of pgs
Catasetum, fertilisation of tes 2h Hybridist =
Cattleya, fertilisation of... he ey Peal omg of Hand
_ Cattleya granulosa Banneri—... Masdevallia
Cattleya x Hardyana and its lee Notes
Odon
Orchid at home...
Orchid Portraits

Stenoglottis longifolia ... at
‘Varieties, are they permanent?

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THE ORCHPE Bay iw.

AUGUST, 1806. [Nowaa:

Vot. IV.]

NOTES.
Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James Street, Westminster, during August, on the 11th and 25th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of
twelve o’clock, noon.

Cattleya Warscewiczii seems to be flowering very well this season,
probably because of the fine bright weather, which seems to suit it, as wel
as others which flower on the completion of the young growth. Three
very fine forms have been sent from the collection of H. H. Bolton, Esq.,
N hurch, Manchester, one of which has the petals irregularly mottled
and streaked with rose-purple on a light ground, corresponding to the
variety variegata described at page 278 of our last volume. A second has
the two eyes confluent into a single one in the throat, which becomes
nearly white in front, the usual lines down the centre being absent, and
these peculiarities give the flower a very distinct appearance. The other is
typical.

Two other fine forms come from the collection of W. S. M‘Millan,
Esq., of Maghull, near Liverpool, one being a very large light form with the
front lobe mottled and irregularly margined with lilac, and the other typical,
except that the eyes are nearly white.

A fine form of C. X Hardyana also comes from the same collection, in
which the lip is deep velvety crimson, though with only a trace of the
golden veining of C. Dowiana aurea, and the eyes as in C. Warscewiczii.
The sepals and petals are bright rose.

Good flowers of Cattleya Rex also come from the same collection, and
from that of H. H. Bolton, Esq. Both are fairly typical. It is certainly
a very handsome Cattleya, though one of the smallest of the labiata
group.

226 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Two different forms of Cypripedium Godefroye leucochilum have been
sent from the collection of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, one
having the sepals and petals very heavily marked.

A very fine infl of Od gl i roseum has been
sent from the collection of H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch, Manchester.
It differs from the type in having the flowers suffused throughout with light
rose-pink, and is very handsome.

A handsome form of Oncidium macranthum comes from the collection
of E. H. Woodall, Esq., of Scarborough, in which the sepals are much
deeper in colour than usual, being, in fact, quite deep brown, and affording
a strong contrast with the yellow petals.

The plant of Cypripedium x Cowleyanum “Annie Louise,” which
received a First-class Certificate at the Manchester Show, was exhibited
by G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., R ll, Manchester, not by Messrs.
Charlesworth & Co., as stated in our report at p. 220.

A plant of Cattleya Warscewiczii has flowered in the collection of
Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool, in which the sheath was
developed as an ordinary leaf, and thus had the appearance of a diphyllous
Cattleya with the sheath absent. An example of both C. labiata and
C. Gaskelliana with a diphyllous pseudobulb has also occurred in the same
collection.

It is interesting to record that Mr. H. T. Clinkaberry has succeeded in
raising some seedling Vandas in the collection of the Hon. C. G. Roebling,
of Trenton, New Jersey. This cross is between V. tricolor and V-

Sanderiana, the former being the seed parent. Their flowering will =

awaited with interest.

A series of three phot hs of Phal is Schilleri has beet

Pe r 5 f
sent from the collection of Mrs. Martin, Auchendennan, Alexandria,

Dumbartonshire, by Mr. W. McHutcheon, the gardener. The ee

contains twelve plants, and when at their best had 472 blooms expam™

at once, the best bearing 72. The six largest plants were sent a
Mrs. Martin from Manilla, by a friend, in 1873, and thus have been

cultivation for a long period. They are grown in ordinary ro-inch pot
and have from five to eight leaves, the largest being 18} inches ne
5 inches broad. One of the spikes is bearing a vigorous young plant

three good leaves below the flowers, and altogether the photographs a0"
evidence of excellent culture. -

THE ORCHID REVIEW. ‘ 227

A curious example of Oncidium Lanceanum with two flowers fused
together has been sent from the collection of R. N. Hooper, Esq.,
Stanshawes Court, Chipping Sodbury. The peculiarity is occasionally
seen in various Orchids.

An infl of Odontogl x Coradinei expansum has been
sent from the collection of W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone.
It is a very fine form, in which all the segments are unusually broad. A
large and handsome form of O. X Wilckeanum with white ground, and
much toothed petals with a large red-brown blotch near the apex, is also
sent.

A photograph of a very curious Gongora has been sent by Mr.

I. Patter, Port of Spain, Trinidad, showing one pseudobulb
growing from the top of another, and the upper one bearing a terminal
raceme instead of the usual lateral one. The species is said to be
G. maculata, and to have flowered in the collection of a gentleman in the
sugar industry.

CYPRIPEDIUM PHILIPPINENSE ABNORMAL.

wih

A SPIKE of four curiously abnormal flowers of Cypripedium philippi

has appeared in the collection of James Davidson, Esq., of Dumfries. In
three flowers the lip is entirely wanting, and in the fourth only one side
of the same organ is present, attached at one side of the column, and
- evidently consists of the petaloid staminode A 2. A second flower has one
petal entirely adnate to the dorsal sepal, while the other is normal, but a
third has both petals similarly adnate, forming curious undulate margins to
the said sepal, because the union presents them elongating, as they do when
free. In the other flower the lip only is missing, and in every case the
column is normal. The plant has a second raceme in a similar abnormal
state. It isa curious example, and it will be interesting to note if the
flowers maintain their abnormal characters on a future occasion. The
flower in which the petaloid stamen A 2 is present is very instructive, as it
is curved much in the same way as the side lobe of the lip, which it really
represents. An example was recorded at page 362 of the last volume,
where a flower of C. insigne had'the lip reduced to the two united side
lobes, the front lobe or median petal being absent. Cypripediums seem
unusually subject to deformities in the flowers.

R. A. R.

228 ¢ THE ORCHID REVIEW.

THE HYBRIDIST.

CyPRIPEDIUM X H R

A VERY pretty Cypripedium was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s meeting on July 28th, from the collection of W. C. Clarke, Esq.,
Sefton Park, Liverpool, under the above name, which is said to have been
raised by Mr. Ashton, of the firm of W. L. Lewis & Co., from C.
Harrisianum superbum ¢ and C. Sanderianum gd, and well combines the
characters of the two parents. The leaves are marbled much as in the
seed parent, and the scape bears three flowers, most like C. Sanderianum
in shape, but the curved petals broader and about five inches long, and the
colour much modified by the influence of the other parent. The dorsal
sepal is lined with purple-brown on a greenish ground; the petals
spotted with similar colours; the lip bright vinous purple; and the
staminode concave, bilobed, and hairy at the sides.

MASDEVALLIA X AJAX.

This is a very pretty hybrid, raised in the establishment of Messrs.
James Veitch & Sons, from Masdevallia x Chelsoni ? and M. peristeria ¢,
to which an Award of Merit was given at the Royal Horticultural Society's |
meeting on July 28th. The plant most resembles M. peristeria in shape, :
but the scapes are longer, and the flower is fairly intermediate in character. ;
The perianth is very densely spotted with reddish brown on a bright |
yellowish ground, and the numerous short hairs present show some of that
violet iridescence seen in M. x Chelsoni, and which were derived from
M. Veitchiana in the first place. The tails are very dark, and the lateral
ones cross each other. Thus the general effect is that of M. x Chelsoni,
modified in shape and darker in colour, on account of the innumerable
little dots derived from M. peristeria. It is a very interesting addition to
the group.

a pang

CYCNOCHES MACULATUM.

It is interesting to record that this fine species has again appeared .
cultivation, having been imported by Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., this seasoMs
as a unique specimen from Venezuela, and flowered in their establishment
It has now passed into the collection of the Hon. Walter Rothschild, at
Tring Park. The species was originally described by Dr. Lindley in “ i
(Bot. Reg., xxvi., Misc., p. 10) from a plant’ which flowered in the collection
of Mr. Barker, of Birmingham, in November, 1839. Its habitat was not
then recorded. Immediately afterwards a figure was published in Maundls
Botanist (IV., t. 156), from a plant which flowered in the collection of
John Wilmore, Esq., of Oldford, Staffordshire, a month later. This plas

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 229

is said to have been sent from La Guayra, with Cattleya Mossia and
numerous other species, in the April previous, by Mr. Charles McKenzie, a
collector for Messrs. Low, of Clapton Nursery. It is rather curious that
the same firm should now re-introduce it after an interval of fifty-seven
years. - In February, 1840, a fine figure appeared in Lindley’s Sertum
Orchidaceum (t. 33), where it is said to be a Mexican plant, though a note
records that it has also been found in La Guayra by one of the collectors
employed by Messrs. Low & Co., of Clapton. The Mexican habitat,
however, is evidently erroneous, and it is highly probable that both plants
came from the same source. The plant bears a pendulous raceme about
14 feet long, with from two to three dozen large flowers, the sepals and
petals being pale green with many light brown spots. Lindley remarked :—
“Surely it is one of the most curious productions of nature in her wildest
mood. Did any one ever see such a flower before? Which is the top,
which is the bottom? What are we to call that long club foot ? which is
cloven too ; and what the crooked fingers daggled with blood, which spread
from the middle of one of the leaves, as if about to clutch at something?
And what, moreover, can they all be for?” But this was nearly sixty years
ago, and these points have all been cleared up since. It is well known
that this sportive genus was a standing puzzle to Lindley and others.
Wagener also collected it near Caracas at 4,500 feet elevation (Bonplandia,
II., p. 19), and one of the plants flowered at Berlin. Messrs. Backhouse,
of York, also flowered a single plant in 1888. The female flowers are still
unknown. There yet remains the handsome C. aureum, a native of
Chiriqui, and probably the handsomest species in the genus, to be
re-introduced, though now the culture of these plants is better understood
it would be worth while for someone to make an effort to secure it.
Plenty of light and heat when growing, and then a good rest ina

comparatively dry state seems to ensure their success.
R.A. R.

a

RENANTHERA IMSCHOOTIANA.

essrs. F. Sander & Co. have obtained
e Orchid, whose history was given at
p- 208 of the last volume of this work. These imported plants confirm
what was previously recorded—namely, that it flowers as a dwarf plant, like
a Vanda, but they also show that the inflorescence is sometimes branched.
A plant recently described as R. Papilio (King and Prain in Journ. Asiat.
Soc. Bengal, \xiv., 1896, p- 328) is synonymous. It is a native of Assam,
and some years ago dried flowers and a living plant were sent by Lieut. E.

Ir is interesting to record that M
some plants of the above handsom:

230 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

J. Lugard to the Calcutta Botanic Garden, but in the uncongenial climate
the latter soon died. Lieut. J. B. Chatterton afterwards sent some plants,
which were immediately transferred to the more congenial climate of the
Sikkim Cinchona Plantations, where they flowered. These facts should be
borne in mind by those who secure plants. Two plants only were pre-
viously known, the original one in the collection of M. A. Van Imschoot,
and another in that of E. H. Woodall, Esq., which received an Award of ©
Merit last year. The flowers have been compared toa brilliantly-coloured oe
butterfly with expanded wings. It appears to be very floriferous, and
owing to its dwarf habit and brilliant crimson-scarlet flowers, ought to be
come popular. The great drawback to the extended culture of the species
of this handsome genus has been their tall climbing habit, and the fact that
they seldom flower before reaching a considerable size, but these peculiar
ities are not found in the present species. A Renanthera with the habit of
Vanda ceerulea should be an acquisition.
R. Age

AN ORCHID AT HOME.

A HANDSOME Orchid, which grows on Mount Pena Blanca, in Nicaragua,
is described in the following note from Belt’s Naturalist in Nicaragua
(p. 142), though what it is we cannot imagine, and it would be vey
interesting to find out its name. We do not know anything like it m
cultivation. :

“The rock, on the southern and most perpendicular side, weathers toe
whitish colour, and is called Pena Blanca, meaning the white peak. It
visible from some points on the savannahs. During the summer months us
is, onthe northern side, covered with a caulescent Orchid (Ornitho-
thynchos) that has not been found anywhere else in the neighbourhood ;
and the natives, who are very fond of flowers, inheriting the taste from
their Indian ancestors, at this time, often, on Sundays, go up to it and bring
down large quantities of the blossom. Its colour, when it first opens ee
scarlet and yellow. Among it grows a crimson Macleania. Once when I
made an ascent, in March, these flowers were in perfection, and in great :
abundance, and the northern face of the rock was completely covered with f
them. When I emerged from the gloomy forest, the sun was shining —
brightly on it, and the combination of scarlet, crimson, and Y' low
made a perfect blaze of colour, approaching more nearly 0 *
RE of flames and fire than anything else T have seen in the
world.”

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 231

ARE VARIETIES PERMANENT?

A QUESTION which has been raised on more than one occasion has again
been asked by a correspondent, namely, whether varieties of Orchids, and
particularly albinos, are permanent—coming true year after year—or
whether they revert back again to ordinary forms. In the great majority of
cases we believe that varieties can be relied upon to keep true under all cir-
cumstances, as many fine ones keep perfectly constant from year to year,
and we should be almost as much surprised to find that the contrary were
the case as we should to find that one species changed into another. Who
ever heard of the brilliant Odontoglossum Pescatorei Veitchianum reverting
to an ordinary form? And the same remark applies to Cypripedium Law-
renceanum Hyeanum, C. callosum Sandere, C. bellatulum album, and
hundreds of others. Their peculiarities are fixed, and no variations of
treatment have any effect on them. They may be reduced in size by
starving them, but not changed into something else, and good culture
always again restores them to their normal size. It is true that on one
occasion a flower of Cypripedium Stonei platytanium produced a single
petal of ordinary C. Stonei, but there is good reason for believing this
remarkable form to bea sport, or an abnormal condition of the species
whose peculiarity has become fixed. But whatever subtle influence it was
which caused the reversion of one petal to the normal condition, it had no
effect on the remaining ones, and the peculiarity was not repeated at the
next time of flowering. True albinos of Cattleyas are perfectly constant
from year to year, though we believe that some very pale forms vary a little
under certain conditions, sometimes being nearly white, and at others
decidedly tinted. And there are some which open nearly white, but become
tinted as they get older. But even these are practically constant in their
character, though of course they are not albinos.

In many cases albinism, or the absence of some particular colouring
matter, extends throughout the plant, though it may not be always apparent
to the eye. In the case of Cypripedium bellitulum album, C. venustum
M i Phal is Schilleriana vestalis, and various others, the

absence of the dark or purplish colouring matter from the leaves affords a
sure index to what the flowers will be when they expand, though in other
cases the leaves may not show this peculiarity.

In certain Odontoglossums it has been observed that the size, number,
and arrangement of the spots vary somewhat from year to year, which is
probably due to variations in the health and vigour of the plant, and perhaps
also to variations in the amount of heat and light. But similar variations
may sometimes be seen between different flowers on the same inflorescence,
and in any case the variations are only fluctuations from a certain mean.

232 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

There is probably no authentic case of a dark, heavily spotted variety
reverting to the normal form one year, to a pale or unspotted one the next,
and then back again. Such erratic variations are practically, if not alto-
gether, unknown.

There is one class of so-called ‘“ varieties’? which cannot be described
as constant, namely, those due to culture alone, and probably these, more
than anything else, have given rise to the idea that varieties are not always
constant. But the fact is, these are not varieties at all in the true sense of
the word, but only ptional develop of some ordinary form, owing
to some ptional ci A plant may have become exception-
ally strong through good culture, or possibly through being in some pat-
ticular position in the house, or not having flowered the previous year,
hence the flowers may be of exceptional size, or the colour more highly
developed than in others perhaps grown in the same house. Such a plant may

be labelled asa distinct variety, but the following year the peculiar conditions
may not be repeated, or may be even reversed, and in such cases it is quite
possible to jump at the conclusion that varieties are not permanent, instead
of attributing the fact to its real cause. Plants that are only potted about
once in three years sometimes experience a check the first year, but do
extremely well the second, after which there may be a little falling away
the third year owing to the compost becoming exhausted. Of course thes
are many varieties of exceptional size or colour, which are not in any way due
to culture, and these are varieties in the true sense of the word, and subject
to fluctuations under good or bad treatment, but yet retaining their own
essential character.

An accidental change of labels may also give rise to an idea oe
Varieties are not always permanent, but such cases, of course, cannot be
taken into consideration.

We could enumerate many cases of varieties which are absolutely com
stant in all their essential characters from year to year, anda few where
small changes have occurred in the size and number of the spots, or even@
little in depth of colouring, and we should be glad if others would send us
their experience on the subject, as it isa question of some importance i
purchasers of Orchids. Of course, the occasional occurrence of abnorm
flowers, or of change of sex in the genera Catasetum and Cycnoches, som®
times mis-called sporting,” cannot be held to affect the question in any
way. True sporting, or the sudden production of a distinct variety a
some well-known plant, of course, is not excluded, though examples —
Orchids are exceedingly rare, and we can only call to mind the remarkable
case of Cypripedium x Dauthieri, which has already been recorded yy
our pages. Another very curious case has recently arisen which
recorded on another page.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 233

DIES ORCHIDIAN,

I was much amused with the article on Orchids by a newspaper corre-
spondent, reproduced in the last number of the Review (p. 202). That
remarkable story of the “ village of the demon flowers” is surely a rival of
the one about the Eulophiella, and it would be rather interesting to know
how it originated. I picture to myself poor Forsterman and his companion
making the circuit of that acre of forest wherein trees, undergrowth, and
everything were loaded down with Orchids, of hues more brilliant than
anything ever seen or dreamed of before ; how they feasted their eyes upon
the flowers through their field glasses, at the respectful distance of a hundred
yards, their noses muffled up the while, being totally unable to reach the
plants, which would have made their fortunes, on account of the sickening
odour. How bitter must have been their disappointment—no wonder they
almost cried—as they slowly retraced their steps. This was worse than
the dreadful “Protocryptoferox Madagascariensis” and the truculent
brother-in-law, for even their combined efforts could not protect the
Eulophiella, and they certainly tried very hard, as everyone who read the
story must have been convinced.

But I am a little concerned about that second expedition, for it appears
that ‘‘on returning to London, Forsterman told this wondrous tale to some
of the rich Orchid collectors, and an expedition was organised to go in
search of it ’—that is, the Orchid, not the tale. “The expedition found
the exact spot, but they gave up in despair of ever being able to more than
feast their eyes upon the flowers through their field glasses. And there,
somewhere in the depths of the vast tropic forest, they remain to this day.
I suppose ‘ they *—the members of the expedition, please note—are waiting
until that Orchid goes out of flower, in which case I fear its doom is sealed.
But then, that sagacious plant may have heard of Orchid collectors before,
and, knowing its weak point, may go on flowering all the
rather hope this will prove to be the case, for such a plant would adda new
terror to the Orchid house. Fancy such a plant, and always in flower. I
wonder our collectors should have taken any trouble about it. But then,
Orchid collectors are not ordinary mortals, according to our eeeemner
correspondent. A waggish friend suggests that it must be the ae
Cattleya,” but if so, the writer forgot to mention the fact, for he states that
“the rarest of all the varieties of Orchids are the blue ones, and of these
the list is short indeed, even when those which exist only in the tales of
Orchid hunters are taken into account.” I am now trying to make out

what connection there is between the two.

year round. I

234 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Two or three communications have now reached me respecting the
“blue Cattleya,”’ one of which points out that the plant was sold entirely
on the strength of the collector’s statement, which was circumstantial, and
apparently convincing. This, I think, is quite likely, though it affords little
satisfaction to those who purchased the plant and found it did not answer
to the description. Vendors of Orchids must see to it that they are not
themselves taken in by improbable stories. It would be interesting if the
entire history of the transaction were recorded. It may be worth while to
reproduce the following extracts from an article which appeared in the
Pall Mall Gazette for February 8th last, the day after the sale :—

“A BLUE CaTTLEYA AT PROTHEROE’S.—Sensations are not rare at
67, Cheapside, though the public does not commonly hear of them. When
a dozen of the richest men alive contend for an object, everybody likes to
know the result ; but the announcement of a new flower with an incredible
name does not perceptibly agitate the City. Almost every one knows
enough of Orchids to understand that a blue Cattleya comes as neat the
miraculous as can be expected in these days, like the new photography,
and that was the sensation promised yesterday afternoon. Blue Orchids
are very scarce, . . . but there is a small proportion among ground
species. . . . Therefore the report of a blue epiphytal species hitherto
unknown rouses more interest in the small class which troubles about such
things than any other incident of its sort. It is, indeed, about the rarest of
events, and in the only instance which we recall without book, the sale was
stopped abruptly amid laughter and jeers. A foreign personage who should
have known our market better offered a “blue Orchid” a few years age
which English gardeners recognised as a_ species familiar from their
childhood, never before described as “blue.” But a blue Cattleya has
been rumoured for some years past in the innermost circle of adepts- as
only authority for it, as far as we have heard, is certain Scotch miners wie
were sent out to prospect in one of the wildest districts of South Americ
Their report is unanimous and categorical. Cattleyas of divers a
became as familiar to them, during several years’ wandering, aS roses #
home, and if they tell a falsehood it must be a wilful one. But it does not
follow by any means that the plant offered by Messrs. McArthur is that ie
Scotch miners describe. In fact, two thousand miles separate the locality
which they indicate from the Guarico mountains of Venezuela whence 9
Cattleya has been brought.

“ The little crowd at Protheroe’s should be described, perhaps, 3 eaget
and inquisitive rather than enthusiastic. Every one wanted to know what
every one else thought about the grand discovery announced. The

amateurs and dealers, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Lord Rothschild, Mr.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 235

Chamberlain, Mr. Measures, and Messrs. Sander, Bull, Low, &c., were all
represented. But we noticed only the Hon. Walter Rothschild, Major
Mason, and the great Belgian amateur, M. Madoux, of the former class, in
personal attendance. Mr. Protheroe made no speech in opening the sale,
as was expected. He handed a dried specimen of the flower from his
rostrum; it was in appearance a fine example of the ordinary Cattleya
Mossiz without a trace of blue, but this needs no explanation. It was
stated in the catalogue that the flower keeps its ‘ celestial blue” only five
days, ‘afterwards changing to a light rose colour (that of a La France
rose) and lasting three weeks in perfection.’ Mr. Protheroe went on to read
an assurance of bona fides from the collector: ‘I guarantee conscientiously,
on my word of honour, that these plants have never been seen by any
European Orchid collector.’ And then, without more words, this
quintessence of floral beauty was put up—that is, a hundred bundles of dry
sticks, some with leaves still attached, which, as the sanguine do not doubt,
will bear a bloom of heavenly hue and giant size before the year is over.
But the sanguine did not predominate, or they had not enough money.
Ten guineas was the highest price paid—two guineas or so the lowest—
prodigious sums, as the inexperienced might think, for a bundle of dry
sticks and a leaf or two, but far indeed below the value which one would
have assigned to the merest fragment of a blue Cattleya.”

Now I think that after this anyone who expected to get a blue Cattleya
must have been very credulous. A dried flower like ordinary Cattleya
Mossi, without a trace of blue, was handed round, the collector reported
that after five days it changed to light rose, and he guaranteed conscien-
tiously on his word of honour that these plants had ‘never been seen by
any European Orchid collector.” I should think that both nie Ace
and amateurs will fight shy of “ blue Cattleyas ™ in future, until they see
them in flower, even if backed up by the unanimous and categorical reports
of prospecting Scotch miners. The name sounds too much hke that of
the “ scarlet Phalenopsis,” and the Cymbidium of that ilk. - gukcs

+

FERTILISATION OF CATASETUM.

Havine a plant of a terrestrial species of Catasetum recently in He in
Which the inflorescence consisted of three large lipped es sie rs a
@ strong scape eighteen inches long, I was interested in watching t e . .
of procedure followed by the two or three species of bees which constantly sf
after day visited it, one or more of them being almost permanently presen

236 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

in the flowers all day long. These bees, Mr. Quelch kindly informs me,
belong to the genus Euglossa, a genus allied to Bombus, which comprises
only the common humble bees, and the members of the two genera ate
about the same size—that is, from three-quarters to oneand a quarter inches
long. The members of Euglossa are distinguished by the long proboscis
they possess, which exceeds the length of the body, when stretched its fill
length. When not employed it is kept folded near the mouth. The smaller
species of the two I captured had two bars of yellow or gold on the base of
the body, and the larger three. In most of the Catasetums the female
flowers are inverted, the lip, which is in the shape of a hood, being above
the other parts, with the column, to which it is attached, underneath it
Each of these two species of Euglossa which visited the flowers adopted @
different course in entering the cavity of the lip in their search for nectar.
The smaller spécies alighted invariably on the column, and walked downits
face into the lip, and took up the nectar, retreating, when finished, by
walking backward on the face of the column again. While inside the flower
however, it kept on, without cessation, brushing by repeated contraction
the top of the column with the end of its body. By this process, ifa =
flower were approached and treated in the same way these female foes
were treated, the pollinia would be detached and would adhere to the bees
body, and when the female flower in turn was visited it would be fe
by the stigma, which is near the end of the column, being brushed by tt
column, by the contractions of body I have described. ite
The larger species, however, invariably adopted a different course a
alighted on the summit of the lip, and walked in back downey
house-fly walks on a ceiling, and in doing so its back invariably touched i
top of the column. Entering a flower in this way the pollinia would P
liberated by the pressure, and would stick to the back of the inset
when a female flower was entered it would rub against the stigmatic pe
thus effecting fertilisation of the flower. These deductions I derived ‘
watching the bees at the flowers, and subsequently the accuracy on
second one was confirmed by my seeing a bee at work extracting the n°
from the flowers, with the pollinia from a male flower firmly attach’,
the sticky disc to its back between the shoulders. Where it got te and

from I do not know, as when I first saw it the pair were attached toit
very conspicuous. I captured it with the pollinia on, and it 1S 1 :
British Guiana Museum. I have since seen another of the same —
bee flying about with a pair of pollinia attached between its © oe
exactly in the same manner.—G. S. Jenman in Demerara Are) ae
8th, 1889.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. i 237
THE LARGEST CATTLEYA.

CaTTLEYA Warscewiczii, now flowering well in numerous collections, is
probably the largest-flowered species known, and we do not know that the
following dimensions, recorded in the Gardeners’ Chronicle (1885, xxiii.,
p. 758) have been exceeded. A flower was shown at the Whit-week
exhibition at Old Trafford, in 1885, which was measured by several
Orchid growers, every one expressing astonishment at its immense size.
It was just worth observing the look of surprise that came over many a
countenance as the rule was placed on every part, eclipsing everything that
had hitherto been seen or even anticipated. The diameter of the bloom
was 11 inches, each petal covering 5} inches, these in their widest part
being just 3 inches across. The sepals were, perhaps, rather narrow, but
in length were equal to the petals. The broad flattened lip extended
well below the throat to 2} inches, while across this part of the labellum 3
inches were measured. The colours of the blooms were of the best and
tichest hue, and every division of the bloom was perfect. It flowered in
the collection of the late G. Hardy, Esq., of Timperley, Cheshire.

CYPRIPEDIUM BELLATULUM.

I sEND you a photograph, taken by my daughter Constance, which gives a
very good idea of the luxuriant health of seven plants of Cypripedium
bellatulum that have been growing in my collection for upwards of three
years. I purchased all of them as imported pieces, and have thoroughly
established and flowered them, as the photograph will show. These plants,
as are all the Cypripedes of this section in my collection, are growing with
little else but limestone pieces in their pots, with the smallest quantity of
fibrous loam to keep the stones firmly wedged at the surface ofthe pots. My
experience of a good few years has proved that the roots of Cypripedes of
this section delight in running along, and clinging to, limestone, which
represents as nearly as possible the native rocks on which they are found
growing. The more loam that is used, the worse the plants grow, and the
more subject they are to lose their roots, and ultimately damp off. The
greatest care has been taken in watering, in order to prevent water lodging
in the axils of the leaves, or in the centres of the young growth. In potting
these Cypripedes great care should be taken to keep the rhizomes below the
tim of the pot, for those plants which are elevated never grow as well as
those planted below the rim. I have close on 140 P

and they are all, more or less, in a satisfactory condition.
O. O. WRIGLEY.

Jants in my collection,

Bridge Hall, Bury.

238 ; THE ORCHID REVIEW.

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

Witu the advent of the hottest season of the year a great falling off in the
number of showy Orchids in bloom may be observed, though there is always
something of interest to record. The handsome Cattleya Warscewicazii is
now flowering splendidly, and is doing unusually well this season, for some
cause. When at its best it puts every other Cattleya into the shade, and
a truss of six such massive flowers would seem almost too much for the
pseudobulb to carry. Cattleya Rex is also flowering well, and is a charm-
ing thing, as its brilliantly-coloured lip affords a striking contrast with the
cream-coloured or light buff sepals and petals. The flowers, however, are
a little small, and a cross with C. Dowiana, if it could be effected, would
probably yield something interesting, owing to the good constitution of the
former, in which C. Dowiana is somewhat defective. C. Gaskelliana and
C. Eldorado are also making a good show. Lvlio-cattleya X Schilleriana,
too, is just now flowering well, and is a little in advance of L.-c. X elegans,
which will soon be out. Epidendrum nemorale, E. Brassavole, and E-
cinnabarinum are also among the additions of the present month, as well
as Brassavola Perrinii.

In the warmest house, Phalenopsis Luedd i P. violacea, and
P. denticulata are among the most interesting objects, while Phaius
Humblotii, mentioned last month, is at its best. Another striking addition
is the old Aérides odoratum, which is very effective, and the flowers
powerfully fragrant with an aromatic perfume. Ccelogyne Swaniana Is
another addition, while Vanda tricolor and some of those mentioned in
previous notes are also still in flower.

In the Cool house the Odontoglossums show a great falling off, es
O. Wallisii, O. Lindleyanum, the handsome O. Harryanum, O. nebulosum,
and O. X cristatellum make an attempt to keep up the display, while thet
little gem Cochlioda Neetzliana is flowering profusely, though now past ts
best. Among the Oncidiums must be mentioned the handsome O. eT
which makes a fine display, while O. x Gardneri and O. dasytyle, with @
few of the smaller-flowered kinds, are also flowering well. d

Cypripediums keep up a constant succession throughout the yea:
a number of well-known hybrids are now in flower, together with some Of
the species alluded to in Previous notes. But if flowers are somewhat
scarcer than usual, there is a great interest in looking round the collectio’s
and observing the progress made with growths for another season, W ;
thanks to the fine weather, are very promising, though in the Cool house
has been a difficult matter to keep the temperature down.

ao AMATEUR

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 239

A CYPRIPEDIUM SPORT IN THE LAW COURTS.

A curious law suit respecting a sport of Cypripadi x Harrisi is
recorded in the July number of the Revue de Horticulture Belge. It
appears that Messrs. F. Sander & Co. saw a very fine variety of this plant
in bloom in the establishment of M. Vincke, and purchased it for the sum of
a thousand francs, but in the following year it produced flowers of an
inferior character, hence they sought to have the money refunded. The
action was tried before the Tribunal of Commerce of Bruges on April 16th
last. Messrs. Sander alleged that they bought the plant for the sum named
only on account of the peculiarities of colouring which the flower displayed,
and said that the vendor of an article ought to guarantee the existence of
the special characteristics which caused the sale to be effected, and that the
year after the sale, if the plant no longer bore a similar bloom, restitution
should be made, as is the custom of the trade in dealing with Orchids.
The vendor replied that there could be no special guarantee, that the plant
had been bought in flower as it stood, and he denied the alleged custom of
the trade.

The Tribunal gave a verdict for the vendor, with costs, on the ground
that the plant was purchased in the state in which it was offered, without
any stipulation or guarantee, especially as to the production of similar
bloom at the next flowering season ; and if it be shown that the plant did
not again produce a similar flower to that which it bore on the day of sale,
that fact would not nullify or cancel the sale; that, in fact, the vendor
parted with the plant without guarantee as to the fixity of the colour or
tint of the blossom ; that there was therefore no positive mistake to annul
the contract, nor concealment which justifies cancelling, but simply a
circumstance, often happening in Orchid culture, that is, the occurrence of
variation in the colouring. The purchasers, being Orchid importers, must
be acquainted with these possible variations, and this being the case, if they
had desired to protect themselves in case of such an event, should have
stipulated in special terms, or effected a conditional purchase. As to the
alleged custom of the trade, which the vendor considered had reference
only to the sale of Orchids not in bloom, the Tribunal passed the matter as
not being proved, and as not affecting arrangements made between the
Parties.

What was the nature of the variation in question, — ee
hot, does not appear in the report, and it would be rather interesting ¥
know. Cypripedium x Harrisianum was the first hybrid in the Oe. ee
during the twenty-seven years that have elapsed since it oon +
first time a number of varieties have appeared, some of PO ot
developed a sportive tendency. This is particularly the case with the one

240 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

known as C. x Dauthieri, and the history of two or three very remarkable
sports was given at pages 20 and 147 of our second volume. Then there
is the remarkable yellowish-green C. x Harrisianum virescens, described
at page 235 of the same volume, which may have originated as a sport,
though we believe it is constant in character. There is also a variety which
is irregularly flamed and striped, both on the dorsal sepal and lip, which we
believe maintains its character. The only form we. know of which exhibits
varying characters from year to year is that called C. x Dauthieri, The
Albino, whose singular history has already been given in our pages.
Various secondary hybrids have also been raised—between C. x Harris
ianum and other species and hybrids —and from these various forms
additional sports may be looked for in future. How far vendorsare to be
held responsible for these vagaries is a rather nice question.

STENOGLOTTIS LONGIFOLIA.

ADDITIONS to the list of teally handsome greenhouse Orchids will be
welcomed, and after seeing this plant on several different occasions, we ee
recommend it as a sterling acquisition, of easy culture, very free-flowering,
and remaining in perfection for several weeks—indeed, between two and
three months elapse between the appearance of the first and last flowers.
It is a native of Natal, and was sent to Kew by Mr. J. Medley Word
Curator of the Durban Botanic Garden, and flowered for the first time m
1889. It is figured at t. 7186 of the Botanical Magazine. It is near be
fimbriata, figured at t. 5872 of the same work, but differs in several pal
ticulars, and is altogether a much more robust plant. S. fimbriata bears #
small rosette of leaves which are banded or spotted with dark brown, and @
Scape about six or eight inches high, with a small raceme of pretty P

flowers having a three-toothed lip. S. longifolia has much longer, ne
erect, undulate green leaves, with a tinge of purple near the base, and
Scapes a foot or more high, with very numerous purple flowers having *
five-toothed lip. A small clump will bear five or six of these spikes
reminding one somewhat of an Orchis, and forming quite a charming little
specimen. It is rather nearly allied to Habenaria, and flowers in the
autumn, the first flowers expanding about this time of year. It cam *s
increased by off-sets, Something like Disas, and is very easily grown 12 :
moist and Partially shaded situation, like many other terrestrial Orchids.
It is to be found in several collections, and ought to become common a5 =
merits become better known.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 24t
CATTLEYA x HARDYANA.

THE subject of our present illustration is the beautiful Cattleya x
Hardyana, the most handsome natural hybrid known, which will soon be
in flower in various collections. It originally appeared in 1885, in the
collection of the late G. Hardy, Esq., of Timperley, and quite unexpectedly,
having flowered out of an importation of C. Dowiana aurea and C.
Warscewiczii; and its hybrid origin was at once apparent. The flower
distinctly combines the characters of the two parents, though it is most
like C. Warscewiczii in coloar, but with the addition of some golden
veining in the throat, derived from C. Dowiana.

Fig. 13. CATTLEYA X HARDYANA.

The history of the plant was given in 1885 by Mr. W. Swan, of

Fallowfield (Gard. Chron., 1885, xxiv., p- 206), and may ai _. a
marised as follows :<The plant was imported about five years ee pig
and was purchased for Mr. Hardy by another grower, when buying : lo
for himself, as C. Sanderiana. However, in a couple of years it opene a
first Blogins. wien at was plain to the owner that a fresh form had Seer ts
This -was-ih 1883, and in the two succeeding years It again bloomed, on

242 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

last occasion bearing. four flowers on a-spike. It was described as having
the best points of C. gigas and Sanderiana, with a dash of C. aurea. thrown,
in, the flowers being strongly scented. It was shortly afterwards figured
in the Orchid Album’ (V., t. 231).

The earliest notice, however, which we have discovered appeared in
the Gardeners’ Chronicle for August 16th, 1884 (p. 211), before the plant had
been named, as follows :—

“New Catt_eya.—An extraordinary variety, evidently a natural hybrid
between C. aurea and a variety of C. gigas—probably Sanderiana—is now
in bloom in the collection of George Hardy, Esq., Pickering Lodge, Tim-
perley, Cheshire. In form and size it is a magnificent thing, and in the
richness of the labellum it is just what might be expected from the blending
of the bright orange veining in the throat of C. aurea with the expanded
tich crimson lower half of the other parent. It is wonderfully beautiful
and sweet.” e

In course of time various other individuals appeared among impor-
tations of the same two species, some of them being very different from the
original form in the way the characters of the two parents are combined,
though obviously forms of the same hybrid. One of the earliest of these
was the variety Massaiana, which appeared in the collection of M. le Duc
de Massa, at Lusarches, Belgium, in 1888, and was figured in the Orchid
Album (VIM, t. 262) as C. X Massaiana. The flower has the general
shape of C. Dowiana, but the sepals and petals are mottled with light
tose and white, and the lip rich magenta-crimson, with two large areas

of bright orange-yellowat the sides, and the throat striped with brownish
crimson on a yellow ground.

The next appearance of the hybrid which we have found recorded is in
1888, and may be quoted, as it again illustrates the totally unexpected way
in which these natural hybrids appear :—* A specimen of this rare natural
hybrid between C. aurea and C. gigas, with over one hundred bulbs and
ten leads, now bears several spikes of gorgeous fragrant flowers, apparently
exactly the same as the original plant, is in flower with R. H. Measures,
Esq-, at Streatham. The plant was a lucky speculation, it being bought as
C. gigas variety, out of an importation of Messrs. F. Sander & Co.” (Gard.
Chron., 1888, iv., p- 446.)

In 1889 two other-forms appeared in the collections of E. G- Wrigley,
Esq., of Preston, and A. Heine, Esq., of Fallowfield, Manchester, which
were at first taken for C. Dowiana aurea with rosy segments. (Gard.
Chron., 1889, vi., pp, 493, 560.) The last-named flowered out of a batch of
C. Dowiana chrysotoxa imported by Messrs. Sander. Almost, if not quite
all, the plants known: have appeared out of importations of the two parent
Species, and considering how much these two resemble each other when:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 243

out of flower, it is obviously difficult to recognise the hybrid in the same
state. Indeed, the late Mr. B. S. Williams recorded that on several
occasions he had purchased C. gigas and flowered examples of C. Dowiana
aurea out of the lot, while, on the contrary, some which he imported for
the latter proved on flowering to be C. gigas. The possibility of obtaining
forms of the hybrid has given an increased value to importations from
the districts on the western cordillera of New Granada, where the parent
species are known to grow together. :

VAR. LAVERSINENSIS (Lindenia, t. 305) is a marbled form with yellow
blotches on the sides of the lip, very closely resembling var. Massaiana,
which appeared in the collection of Baron F. de Rothschild, Chateau de
Laversine, France, in August, 1891.

VaR. OWENIANA (C. X Oweniana, Gard. Chron., 1892, xii., p. 312)
appeared with Messrs. F. Sander & Co., in 1892, and has cream-white
sepals and petals, with a faint purple tinge at the tips, and the lip
regularly veined except on the apical half of the front lobe, which is deep
velvety crimson. Figures are given in Journ. of Hort., 1892, Xxv.,
Pp. 240, 241, fig. 33, and Gard. Mag., 1892, ii., p. 548.

Var. GARDENIANA (Lindenia, t. 353) appeared with M. J. Garden, Bois
de Colombes, near Paris, in 1892, and approaches C. Dowiana most in
shape and C. Warscewiczii in colour, there being little of the golden
veining of the former, though the side lobes of the lip are quite
yellow. !

VAR. STATTERIANA (Lindenia, t. 373) is a very remarkable form which
appeared in the collection of T. Statter, Esq-,.Stand Hall, Whitefield,
Manchester. It has white sepals and petals, and a nankeen yellow,
beautifully veined lip, the front half of the apical lobe crimson with a white
margin, and a little pink round the margin of the side lobes. It has the
following synonyms :—C. X Statteriana, Journ. of Hort., megs, peel
269, 277, fig. 38. C. Dowianaaurea Statteriana, Orch. Album, X., t. ae

‘VaR. Countess or Dery (Orch. Rev, I, pp. 294. 330) isa
magnificent variety, which appeared in the same collection 2 the igi
It has white sepals and petals, and an intense parple-crimson lip, wit ‘
rather small yellow eyes, and some of the unmistakable ana
C. Dowiana in the throat, as well as a great approach to paeeee me .
shape of the flower. The following are synonymous ag eae
Countess of Derby, Gard. Chron., 1894, xvi. - in Bee eo
Derby, Journ. of Hort., 1894, xxiv., Pp: 274, 275» BS- 49-

ale seeks II., p- 35°) ies marbled nee
thus approaches var. Massaiana. It appeared in re error
Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham.

* is a cr very
Var. Leopoip Il. (Gard. Chron., 1894, X¥i-»°P- 720) is anothe! y

244 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

handsome form, which appeared in the collection of His Majesty the King
of the Belgians, at Laeken, in 1894. It is near var. Statteriana, but the
yellow areas at the sides of the lip are much smaller, the crimson being
more developed on the front, sides, and disc. C. x Leopold II. (Lindenia,
t. 479) is synonymous.

Var. Luctant (Lindenia, t. 449) app h WwW iczii in shape
and colour, but has a little yellow veining in the throat, the yellow in the
middle extending across the lip, and the front lobe a little marbled with
white. It appeared at L’Horticulture Internationale, Brussels.

Var. LinpENI (Lindenia, t. 478) has the same origin as the preceding.
It has a dark crimson-purple lip, which colour extends round the margin of
the side lobes, and the usual veining on the disc. The sepals and petals
are more like C, Dowiana in shape.

VaR. ALBA (Orch. Rev., III, p. 322) is a very handsome form, which
appeared in the collection of W. S. M‘Millan, Esq., of Maghull, Liverpool,
last year. It has white sepals and petals, with a lip very similar to that of
typical C. x Hardyana.

It is probable that numbers of artificially-raised plants will in time be
forthcoming, as the two species have been crossed in various collections
with this object, as has already been advised in these pages. One of such
crosses was recorded at page 262 of our second volume, and we have since
heard of others.

Our illustration represents a plant in the collection of W. M. Applet
Esq., Tyn-y-coed, Weston-sup ,and is reproduced from a photog
taken by Mr. G. I’Anson, of Upper Clapton.

F

+
CATTLEYA GRANULOSA BANNERI.

A very striking form of Cattleya granulosa was exhibited at the Royal
Horticultural Society's meeting on July 28th, by S. Banner, Esq.,
Sherwood, Sefton Park, Liverpool, in which the sepals and petals were
almost wholly suffused with bright lurid purple, instead of being light green
and more or less spotted... The flower was very large, measuring 5% inches
from tip to tip of the petals, and all the segments proportionately broad,
while the lip was quite typical in shape and colour. The petals and dorsal
sepal were a little paler at the base, as also the inner halves of the lateral
sepals, which showed a few traces of spots, but the remainder was of a
remarkable purple shade. It is remarkably different from the typical form.
A single cut flower was sent.
R.A.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 245
BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

THERE seems to be a constant succession of Botanical Orchids at Kew
throughout the year, in addition to the showy species which are found in
every collection, and even those who draw the line at showy things will
generally find something of interest among the things which are not
generally cultivated. Stenoglottis longifolia must be included in the latter
category, though it only requires to be better known in order to be
appreciated. It isa native of Natal, and grows with the utmost freedom in
the Cool house, producing numerous elegant Orchis-like spikes of light-
purple flowers at this particular season, and these last long in perfection.
Lelia Lucasiana is another very pretty little plant, which some might
object to see enumerated among Botanical Orchids, and which may in
future be more widely cultivated. It has bright purple sepals and petals
and a yellow much-crisped lip.

Among Epidendrums may be enumerated the pretty little Brazilian E.
bracteatum, a plant of small stature, very floriferous, and with a rose-
purple lip, which contrasts effectively with the light green spotted sepals
and petals. E. radiatum is a Mexican species allied to E. fragrans, but
with finer flowers. Pol hya is rep d by P. Kirkii, P. leonensis,
and P. zeylanica, the two former being Tropical African. Eulophia
Mackenii is a curious little Natal species, with variegated leaves, curiously
allied to the Brazilian E. maculata. Luisia cantharis has the lip curiously
like a beetle. Geodorum is represented by G. purpureum and G.
candidum; Ccelogyne by C. flavida and C. Swaniana, the latter a recent
introduction from the Philippines. Other interesting plants are ne

. Brazilan Paradisanthus Moseni, allied to Aganisia; Trichocentrum Hartii,
Doritis Wightii, like a small Phalenopsis, to which genus it has been
referred; and S labi with terete leaves and racemes of

§
very small flowers.
D

known as the Pigeon Orchid at Singapore,
has also flowered, but the blooms have the peculiarity that they come out
together, and only last one day. D. hainanense has terete leaves and
white flowers with some yellow on the lip, somewhat approaching the pre-
ceding, though not so fugitive. Among species of Liparis in flower may be
Mentioned L, decursiva and the small L. Prainii, together with the allied
Microstylis congesta ; while Oncidium is represented by oO. Geertianum
O. cesium), O. auriferum, and Odontoglossum by 0. myanthum, with
humerous small brown and pale yellowish flowers. Other plants noted
Were Masdevallia Carderi, M. peristeria, Pleurothallis maculata, Lycaste
leucantha, Sarcanthus Williamsoni, Satyrium militare, Selenipedium
caricinum, and various others, including Stanhopea Haselowiana and

246 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Sobralia Lowii, which, though handsome, are not very widely grown. Many
species of the last-named two genera are very handsome when in bloom,
though their fugitive flowers prevent them from becoming as popular as
they otherwise would.

FERTILISATION OF CATTLEYA.

A Flower of Cattleya Warscewiczii has been sent by Mr. C. C. Hurst, of
the Burbage Nurseries. near Hinckley, in which a small humble bee has
been caught by the viscid stigma, to which it is firmly glued by its back.
The insect had entered the flower in search of food, but got too firmly glued —
to the stigma to free itself, and died there. Humble bees are known some-
times to remove the pollinia, and Darwin records one caught by Sir W. C.
Trevelyan in a house where a Cattleya was in flower, with its whole back
between the wings smeared with dry viscid matter, and with the four
pollinia attached to it by their caudicles, ready to be caught by the stigma
of any other flower which the bee might have entered. It is probable that
Cattleyas in a wild state are largely fertilised by native bees, though very
little seems to have been recorded on the subject. Mr. Richard Pfau stated
at page 295 of our second volume that in Costa Rica Cattleya Dowiana
produces a seed pod out of nearly every flower in its native habitat, but that
at San José, only fifty mile’ away, where he cultivates them, he had not a
single pod out of nearly four hundred plants in flower, though he keeps large
quantities of hive bees; but these probably do not visit Cattleyas. Fine
capsules are sometimes found on imported Cattleyas, which have no doubt,
been fertilised by native bees. It would be interesting if those who have
the opportunity of seeing these plants in flower in their native homes would
observe what insects visit them. Ifa flower be cut down longitudinally a
spur or nectary will be found adnate to the column, which is the object of
the insect’s search. To reach this, however, the lip would have to be some-
what depressed, and as the side lobes are convolute round the column, only
a strong insect like a bee would be able to force the lip down so as to get
its body in, but having done this it would inevitably carry away the pollinia
on its shoulders, and on visiting another flower these would become
attached to the viscid. stigma, and fertilisation would thus be effected. It
will easily be seen that a small bee might not be able to extricate itself, as
in the instance now recorded. It is probable that where Cattleyas grow
wild there are certain insects (probably bees) which regularly visit the
flowers, just as in the case of Coryanthes and others which have been duly
recorded.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7247
CYPRIPEDIUM x PETRI AND VAR. BURBIDGEI.

THE facts respecting Cypripedium Dayanum and C. virens, recorded at
page 206, have thrown a totally new light on the origin of two curious
plants described by Reichenbach, some fifteen or sixteen years ago, under
‘the names of C. Petri and C. Burbidgei, but which have since been

das synony with C. Dayanum, in spite of their undoubted
differences. Before going further it will be advisable to reproduce
* Reichenbach’s original remarks.

C. Petri, Rchb. f., was thus described in 1880 (Gard. Chron., 1880, xiii.,
p. 680):—* This is very near Mr. Day’s Cypripedium, yet fresh materials
just to hand confirms the first impression, which I wrote in February last
to Mr. Harry Veitch, that it must be regarded as distinct. Its leaves have a
darker ground colour, and just those far darker, squre green paintings
which are so characteristic in the affinity, The whole flower is smaller,
shorter. Sepals white with green veins, very distinct in outline, and much
shorter than in the species I first dedicated to my most assiduous corres-
pendent. Petals light brownish, green at base, ligulate, acute, straight or
cuneate, acuminate, covered on the whole border with long hairs, just as in
Cypripedium Dayanum. Lip greenish-brown, with dark sepia-brown on
the front part of the disc, or totally of that colour, yet always, it would
appear, with green angles. Warts on the border of involved base nearly
purple. Staminode light green with some dark green veins. If there were
not several other marks of distinction (in addition to the totally different
colour of the flowers), it would be well distinguishable by the relative
length of the sepals and petals. This is a discovery of Messrs. Peter Veitch
and F. W. Burbidge, made in the Malayan Archipelago. It only bears ne
fame of one of these gentlemen.” It is figured in Wien. Ill. Gart. Zeit.,
1894, p. 213, t. 2.

C. Burbidgei, Rchb. f., was described in the following aiseat si
-Chron., 1881, xvi., p. 38), as follows:—‘ Much in the way of Cypripedium
Javanicum, Reinw., and C. virens, Rchb. f., but very easily distinguishable
by the staminode, which is quite abrupt in front, and with three exceedingly
obscure teeth. The lip is more conical than in any species of the papi
quoted, resembling that of C. Petri and C. Dayanum. Petals light green,
with a row of most obscure dark warts on each side, and one on the middle
line, and some mauve on the lip’s margins. The upper sepal is almost
triangular, as in C. purpuratum, with nine green nerves. Rue Iepen penal
is very small and short. Leaves nearly those of C. javanicum. My first
“acquaintance with this was undoubtedly made by alte assistance A

t. S. Low, who pointed out the affinity with C. javanicum, when T ace
that with C. virens, though the petals are too much bent down. It was a

248 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

flower apparently of a fresh importation, weak. I asked for a second
flower, but till now it has not flowered again, and may have been sold long
ago. Lately I obtained it, with a fine, strong, well-rooted plant from
Messrs. Veitch. It grew together with C. Petri, and it is more gay in its
colours. Mr. Harry Veitch was pleased by my suggestion to name it in
compliment to Mr. Burbidge, since I like to have two Cypripediums as near
companions, just as these two travellers were good companions.”

It is quite evident from these remarks that the plants in question are
not identical with C. Dayanum, however much they may resemble it in
certain respects. Besides the differences in shape and colour, I have long
been struck with the shorter ciliz as compared with C. Dayanum, and the
combined differences suggested an affinity with C. javanicum and C. virens.
But the new facts above alluded to put the whole question in a new light,
and on comparing all the forms together I find such an unmistakeable com-
bination of the characters of C. Dayanum and C. virens in the doubtful
forms C. Petri and C. Burbidgei as to leave no doubt in my mind that the
two latter are both natural hybrids, with the parentage indicated, and forms
of one, which may be distinguished as C. X Petri and var. Burbidgei. The
discovery is interesting, and as Cypripediums are so easily hybridised, some
one might make the experiment of crossing the two species together.
Indeed, C. Dayanum might also be crossed with C. Lawrenceanum and C.
Rothschildianum, with a view to proving the parentage of C. x Littleanum
and C. X Kimballianum, two other Bornean Cypripediums believed to be
of hybrid origin.

R. A. Re

ODONTOGLOSSUM x EXCELLENS LUTEOLUM.
A VERY striking form of Odontoglossum x excellens has appeared in the
collection of Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham, in which the brown
blotches so characteristic of this handsome hybrid are almost entirely absent,
leaving the flowers light sulphur yellow with a slight suffusion of light pur-
ple on the back of the sepals, and the disc of the petals nearly white. There
are a few small spots and streaks at the base of the lip, which are derived
from the O. Pescatorei parentage, and on some of the flowers one or two
minute spots on the front of the same organ, while one of the lateral sepals
of a single flower has one small spot. With these trifling exceptions. the
flowers may be described as unspotted, and thus it forms a striking con-
trast with the typical form, with which it agrees in shape and size, and in
the details of the column wings and crest of the lip. It is a very handsome
form, and the almost total loss of the brown markings so characteristics of
the O. triumphans parent is curious.
R. A. R-

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 249
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR AUGUST.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.

Some of the earliest of the Dendrobiums will, during this month, complete
their new pseudobulbs, and should be given a position in a cooler house.
where a good amount of light and air is obtainable, so that the new and as
yet unripened growths may duly become properly matured. Do not, how-
ever, let them become dried, scorched, and shrivelled up, by altering their
growing conditions too suddenly; but bear in mind what I said last
month, and avoid withholding water at the root too soon. Dendrobium
Wardianum frequently breaks again quickly from the base, but this fact
must not interefere in the least with the proper course of treatment. When
these new breaks appear, some growers will encourage them by leaving
their plants too long in a growing temperature, which only causes them to
become weak and spindly, and therefore worthless. The above remarks
apply equally to all other spring flowering species of Dendrobium. As soon
as the main pseudobulb has finished its growth, by producing its last leaf,
they should be given cooler treatment, quite independently of any secondary
growth that may have started from the same pseudobulb. With those
which flower in autumn it is different, they must not be removed from their
growing quarters at least until after they have bloomed ; by which time, in
all probability, the will have cooled down considerably, so that

J P

to remove them is unnecessary.

Many of the Cattleyas and Lellias will likewise be drawing their growing
season to a close, and should, if possible, be ventilated rather more freely
than those still to finish. Among them principally will be found Cattleya
Warscewiczii (gigas), which, by the way, should now be repotted where
necessary, as soon as roots are seen pushing from the base of the pseudo-
bulb. C. Gaskelliana is another that has finished, and probably flowered,
and should now be given plenty of air, when the roots will continue to grow,
forming quite a network on the compost—a pleasant and re-assuring sight
to the grower, as Orchids must have healthy roots, and the more of them
the better. Generally speaking, it is a good plan to encourage now the late
growing kinds, such for instance as C. Mossi and Mendelii, if it is possible
to do so, by giving them a slightly warmer and moister treatment than
those which have already made up. The time of year is getting on, and it
is well to have the growths as far advanced as possible, before the bad
weather sets in. C. Lawrenceana is a very late-growing species, and for
that reason it is best grown in the Dendrobium house, where C. superba,
and C. Luedd i i ima), should also be grown. When C.
Rex was first introduced, I was misled as to its requirements, and under-
Stood that more warmth than that of the usual Cattleya house was essential

250 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

for its well being ; but I am now able to say that it is not so, the last named -
house suiting it admirably.

In the East Indian house it is best to be watchful just now, as yellow
thrips are rather troublesome, and will do much damage to the young and
tender foliage of Aérides, Cypripediums, Phalzenopses, and Vandas, by
permanently marking it. It is difficult at times to dislodge this pest from
the axils of the leaves by fumigation, and when so the aid of tobacco
powder must be resorted to. Ants, again, are often a great nuisance, and
these are indeed difficult to get rid of. The poison that has from
time to time been advertised in this jeurnal, is more effectual than
anything I have yet tried. Ants not only carry scale, &c., from one
plant to another, but there are some plants from which they extract
and live upon the sweet juices, and this, it is needless to say,
quickly prostrates the plants attacked. I have had Phaleenopses quite
killed by nothing more than ants bleeding them to death. The leaves in
time turn yellow wherever previously pierced, and this spreads until the whole
leaf is the same colour, and ultimately falls off. Nor is this the only evil
that may be laid against them. They are busy creatures, for ever on the
move, and in those pots which they select to principally locate themselves,
will soon riddle the compost into small particles, causing early decompo-
sition of the same. The ant is also very destructive to Orchid seeds just

inating. Every g must still be given these East Indian
Orchids, by keeping up sufficient warmth and moisture in the atmosphere,
avoiding at the same time the possibility of letting the mass of sphagnum
moss at their base get and keep in a continually soddened state, for if so
the roots confined beneath will perish.

The present month is a good one in which to thoroughly overhaul the
Cool house, and to do as much of the repotting as is possible. Epidendrum
vitellinum is now almost over, and supposing the flowers are not required for
some future purpose, it is better now to cut them off, so that the new
pseudobulbs may have a fair chance of becoming strong. If the leading
growths are over the sides of the pots, they should have larger ones, other-
wise a top-dressing is all that is required, for this species is best if disturbed
but little. Until the autumn arrives they may have a good supply of water
at the roots. D. Falconeri, which grows best in a cool and shady depart-
ment, must now be sprayed frequently during the day. D. speciosum is
also a cool growing species, but, unlike the first named, must be given @
Position where it can receive a good deal of light, and would be generally
better suited in the Cattleya or Mexican house, as do also other species hailing
from the east coast of Australia, such as D. Kingi g e
linguiforme, and D. teretifolium. These species of Dendrobiums are not
easy to re-establish after once having their roots disturbed, and should

THE ORCHID REVIEW. asi

therefore not be pulled about ruthlessly, nor be given too much water at
the root, to cause the compost to become unduly sour; in fact, they require
but little water.

Disa grandiflora, and other species of Disa, will now be making a good
show. D. grandiflora is the best and showiest, and the most useful of them
all. It is not always successfully cultivated ; in fact, it is seen frequently
in a by no means flourishing condition. It does not, however, hang in the
balance long, but must either be grown well or will soon disappear. There-
fore, should the plants be doing badly, some other method must be
employed at once. Generally speaking, they share the same fate as many
another Orchid, and are killed by too much kindness, or, in other words,
by not being grown sufficiently hardy. They have been known to succeed
extremely well side by side with Ericas and Epacris, which fact will prove
that but little or no artificial warmth is required during summer, whilst the
winter temperature should also be cool, and the p parativel
dry. The average greenhouse should, therefore, prove to be a splendid
place for them, and beyond all doubt it is so; all the plants require, is to
be kept a little more shady and moist than the majority of the other inmates
during the summer months. Or they may also be grown during summer in
acold frame or pit. The only danger in the latter method lies in the
possibility of having insufficient air to circulate round them. When the
tight culture is found they grow and propagate so freely and healthily that
insect pests will prove but little trouble, though yellow thrips are a great
nuisance, and can be dislodged only by using tobacco powder. Sandy peat
seems to be the most correct compost, whilst pots are the best receptacles.
Drain the pots with crocks about one fourth their depth only, and pot up
rather firmly. Place in each one or more tubers, according to the size of the
pot employed, a 48-sized pot being large enough for one fully-grown tuber.
Directly flowering is past is the best time to repot. The offshoots, which
are always plentiful, may be removed from the parent tuber and propagated
in small pots. Unless the pots are overcrowded, Disas do not require to be
Tepotted every year. :

Nanodes Meduse, the flowers of which are very interesting, if not
strictly pretty, should be grown in the Cool house during summer and the
Intermediate one in winter. The unusual colour of the flower, and the large
fringed lips are the most conspicuous qualities of tlie bloom. But the plant
itself is rather attractive when well grown, the stems being drooping
and thickly sheathed with short distichous light green leaves. It
does best in baskets or pans suspended, and but little if any pent should be
used, as it seems to me that the sphagnum moss alone suits it best. Now
iS good time to re-pan or top-dress, and it is fond of a good supply of
Water during the summer months.

252 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Oncidium hastatum is now in flower, and is always greatly admired.
I prefer to grow this species in pots. After the flowers are past, and when
the new growth is pushing from the base, it may be repotted, if required.
It is an Orchid worth the best of attention, and growing well, but it often
gets into a bad condition owing principally to the flower spike remaining on
too long, or by the treatment being too cold during winter, just when it is
growing. It should then have the warmth of the Cattleya house, as should
any other Oncidium that has not finished its growth by October.

When repotting Oncidiums use pots of a reasonable size only, as over-
potting Orchids is always a very great mistake. The pots should be three
parts drained with crocks and charcoal, as the crocks keep much sweeter
when intermixed with charcoal. It may seem to many a simple matter to
crock a pot, but there is a right and a wrong way even in that, and the plant
that is planted in a pot correctly crocked, will last longer in a good and
sound condition than when incorrectly done. First place one or two large
inverted pieces over the hole at the bottom, then over these a layer broken
smaller, while the top and final layer should be about two inches in depth,
and broken very small—from half-an-inch to an inch in size—so that they
lay quite level. Iam not as a rule an advocate for mixing crocks and
charcoal in with the compost when the latter is of first class quality, but if
the peat is poor, having no fibre, then I think it is a good plan to do so, as
it — cme tees by ihita the whole open and porous.

t is not one of the easiest to culti-
vate. It oe one freely hen newly imported, but in the course of a
few years dwindles, and often, without so much as producing one single
flower spike to compensate for trouble taken, will grow less by degrees
until it finally disappears. I have had the best results from the following
treatment :—In the first place it may be roughly described as being a cool
Orchid, but a sun-loving one, and, therefore, it should have an abundance
of air, but never be shaded. The plants may be fixed to blocks of wood
and so grown suspended, but I do not recommend block treatment gen-
erally, greatly preferring baskets or pans, with the usual peat and sphagnum
moss as a compost. The moss when first imported may probably be ill-
shaped for fixing in a basket. But although its habit of growth is strag-
gling, a way can generally be found out of the difficulty, and the plant
finally secured in the basket, which, when done, is much more easily and
better managed than a block. During summer, when growth is active, it
may be syringed frequently, but during winter a long and very dry rest
must be given. The treatment I have previously advised for Barkerias is
the best possible one to give to this species. ©. madrense is another of the
Mexican Odontoglots, and is a very pretty little species. It should be
grown in small pans, and, as in the case of O. Rossii, O. Cervantesil, and

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 253

most of the other Mexican kinds, should be watered very sparingly.

As it is very necessary to give the plants as much light and sun as
possible without causing injury, it will be better now to think about slightly
reducing the summer shading. For instance, there are usually many
situations where, through various reasons, some kind of permanent shading,
such as “summer cloud,” is used, just to break the rays of the sun for a
short period during the hottest time. This must not be allowed to remain
on when it is no longer necessary to serve its purpose. The roller blinds
may also be let down later in the morning, and removed earlier in the after-
noon.

I am extremely sorry to hear that the Cattleya fly has got such a foot-
hold in some collections. Compared to this arch fiend, other troublesome
insects are insignificant. Iam also sorry that I am unable to give more precise
instructions for its speedy destruction other than already given in previous
Calendars, which consists chiefly in watching closely for the infected
growths, and by exercising great caution when purchasing new plants; the
latter being the preventative policy, is, of course, the best. If any signs
whatever of their presence exists on newly imported plants, they should
certainly be isolated until they have been thoroughly cleansed, and
fumigated several times.

As warmth from the pipes in many departments has not been required
for some time, the valves have probably not been turned, oiled, and kept in
good working order. When such is the case they invariably become rusty,
and will sometimes spring a leak when again touched. These, and other
matters connected with the heating apparatus, should be seen to in time,
and put all straight and secure, rather than left until absolutely required,
when some hitch may occur.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

Bottea caLestis, Rchb. f.—Garden, June 27, p. 487, with fig.
Boiiea SCHRE@DERIANA, Hort.—Garden, June 27, p. 486, t. 1072. i
CaTTLEya Mossim ARNoLDIANA.—Gard. World, July 2, p. 12, with
fig,
CatrLeya Scurapertana, Rehb. f£—Gard. Chron., July 18, p. 73, fig.
15.
C@Locyne Veitcuu, Rolfe.—Gard. Mag., June 27, p- 425, with oe
Cyprirepium Xx HARRISIANUM.—Rev. Hort. Belge, July, p. 148, fig.
6.

—Rev. Hort.

CypRIPEDIUM x SToNEI yak
Belge, March, p. 49, with plate.

254 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

DENDROBIUM ARACHNITES, Rchb. f.—Gard. Chron., July 4, p. 7, fig. 2.

DENDROBIUM X PALLENS.—Journ. of Hort., May 7, pp. 422, 423,
fig. 69.

DENDROBIUM THYRSIFLORUM.—Garden, July 11, p. 28, with fig.

EPIDENDRUM BICORNUTUM.—Journ. of Hort., July 9, p. 28, fig. 6.

HABENARIA MILITARIS, Rchb. f.—Journ. of Hort., July 16, p. 53, fig. 9.

Hari DawsontAna, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7486.

L&LIA PURPURATA VAR. ASHWORTHIANA.—Gard. Chron., July 11, p. 37;
fig. 10.

SOBRALIA LEUCOXANTHA, Rchb. f.—Journ. of Hort., July 23, p- 77;
fig. 12.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

At the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society, held at the Drill Hall,
James Street, Westminster, on July 18th last, Orchids were not as
numerous as usual, and a large proportion of the exhibits consisted of cut
flowers. A number of interesting things, however, were staged.

-Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr. White), sent a
very interesting group, including a well-flowered plant of Dendrobium
Macearthie, Lazlia Lucasiana, Cattleya Eldorado marginata, approaching
C. E. splendens, but the side lobes of the lip margined with rose-purple;
a well-flowered plant of the pretty C. Eldorado Wallisii, Polystachya
odorata, Epidendrum volutum, Zygopetalum Burtii spate en An
Award of Merit was given to the
and a Botanical Certificate each to Catasetum Rusglitaans Oncidium

1 Masdevallia corniculata.

, and

“The Right Hon. Lord Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hilbs ee a
very fine six-flowered inflorescence of Cattleya W:
to which a Cultural Commendation was given, also C. Gaskelliana alba,
ana@ Masdevallia Carderi, the latter receiving a Botanical Certificate.

The Right Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P., Highbury, Birmingham,
(gr. Mr. Burberry), sent a fine series of dissimilar varieties of Cattleya
Warscewiczii, and received a Vote of Thanks.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson);
showed a good plant of Cypripedium Godefroy leucochilum, and cut
flowers of Cattleya Rex, C. Warscewiczii delicata, C. Schroederiana, Cc.
Gaskelliana, sete tenebrosa ape L. purpurata, Lelio-cattleya x elegans,
and L.-c. x $ iana, Cypripedium superbiens, C. Curtisii, C. x Harrisi-
anum superbum, and C. x selligerum majus. A Vote of Thanks was
given.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), sent a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 255

profusely flowered group of the handsome little Cochlioda Neetzliana,
together with Odontoglossum nebulosum. candidulum and O. Juteopur-
pureum sceptrum.

C.. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham (gr. Mr. Duncan),
showed a fine series of varieties of Cattleya Warscewiczii, and received a
Vote of Thanks.

Edgar Cohen, Esq., Hall Road, St. John’s Wood (gr. Mr. Vass), sent
a very pretty light form of Cattleya Mendelii.

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
sent three good plants of Phaius Humblotii, one of them being the fine
rose-coloured variety Henryi; also a fine flower of Cypripedium x
Youngianum.

J. Wilson Potter, Esq., Parkhill Road, Croydon, exhibited a fine plant
of Aeranthes grandiflorus.

Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Poyntz), sent
flowers of Cypripedium Stonei candidum and C. x Harrisianum superbum.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, exhibited Cattleya Mendelii,
C. Mossiz Arnoldiana, and a fine dark variety of C. Mossia called
“ Brilliancy,” to which an Award of Merit was given.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged two plants of Spathoglottis
plicata Micholitzii, and a splendid specimen of Ceelogyne Sanderiana with
six fine spikes, to which a Cultural Commendation was given.

At the close of the meeting Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park,
Liverpool, explained his system of recording hybrid Cypripediums, and
handed to the Secretary a copy of the list which it has been his practice
for many years to keep posted up from various sources. It is hoped that
this will prove of great service to the Committee in regulating the nomen-
clature of the numerous hybrids which come before them. A cordial vote
of thanks was given to Mr. Young.

At the meeting held on July 28th, the show of Orchids was very small,
though several interesting things found their way to the Drill Hall.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), staged a neat little group, containing Dendrobium revolutum, a
good plant of Maxillaria Hubschii with seven flowers, a good dark p' hed :
form of Masdevallia infracta with twenty flowers, and a Cypripedium
called C. x Charles Steinmetz (C. philippi gx C.l 3),
which appears to be the reverse cross of C. Hobsoni, and therefore a
variety of the same. An Award of Merit was given to Odontoglossum
aspidorhinum, with ten racemes, and a Botanical Certificate to Dendrobium
curviflorum, with fourteen flowers. bs

W. C. Clarke, Esq., Orleans House, Sefton Park, Liverpool, exhibited
Cypripedium x Mabeliz (C. superbiens @ X C. Rothschildianum g ), and

256 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

C. Harrisander (C. X Harrisianum superbum ? x C. Sanderianum @ ), the
latter a handsome thing, to which an Award of Merit was given.

S. Banner, Esq., Sherwood, Sefton Park, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Edwards),
exhibited Cattleya granulosa Banneri, a very remarkable variety, in which
the sepals and petals were strongly suffused with lurid purple.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited Selenipedium Brysa
(S. X Sedeni candidulum ? x S. Boissierianum g ), Cattleya x Atlanta
(C. Leopoldi ¢ x C. Warscewiczii g ), a handsome thing, to which a First-
class Certificate was given, and Masdevallia x Ajax (M. X Chelsoni ¢
Xx M. peristeria 3), a very pretty hybrid, which received an Award of
Merit. A flower of each parent was exhibited for comparison.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a small and interesting
group, containing the pretty little Aganisia ionoptera, Restrepia elegans and
R. maculata, Pholidota obovata, a yellow form of Gongora galeata, the
pretty little Paphinia Randii, Calanthe x Laucheana, a prettily spotted
Odontoglossum crispum, Dendrobi b Cypripedium X Mas-
saianum, C xX Mabeliz var. Lord Derby, C. x Patersoni, and C. x A. de
Lairesse.

Messrs. Thomas Cripps & Son, Tunbridge Wells, exhibited a splendid
group of Disa grandiflora, some four feet long by over two feet broad»
containing a large number of plants, mostly with two to four flowers each.
A Silver Banksian Medal was awarded.

Messrs. W. L. Lewis & Co., Southgate, exhibited two fine forms of
C. granulosa, one being a well developed form of the variety Schofieldiana.

M. Seavy, of Camberwell, exhibited a group of artistic photographs of
Orchids, comprising about fifteen of cabinet size, mostly Cypripediums,
and four large ones; one of them, representing a house of Miltonia vexillaria
and Cattleyas belonging to R. J. Measures, Esq., of Camberwell, being
very effective.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

F.H. M., Liverpool. The malformed flower of Cypripedium niveum is probably an
accidental occurrence, as flowers are occasionally seen in other species in which the
segments remain partially united.

ELH. W., Scarborough. Brassia brachiata.

C, Stoldt. Vanda tricolor, var. planilabris.

G. Bayer. Epidendrum venosum, Maxillaria ochroleuca, and Catasetum viridiflorum.

W. H. R., Camden Wood. The seedling Cypripedium is clearly descended from
C. Lawrenceanum and C. superbiens, and is a form of C. x Vervaetianum or C. X

uu

E. A. B., Oxford. Apparently a fine light form of Cattleya Gaskelliana.
E, Newchurch. The creatures sent are leeches, and no doubt came out of the
water with which the Cypripediums were watered.

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SEPTEMBER,

1896.

THE

“INo. 5

ORCHID REVIEW

Hn Zllustrated Monthly Journal,

DEVOLED

TO. -ORCHIDOLOGY:

Contents.

PAGE
. 280 | Laelia Dayana

An interesting Experiment 277
An Amateur’s Notes... . 270 | Lelia Jongheana 278
Books, Notices of . 268 | Laelia pumila 275
Botanical Orchids at Kew F w Notes se ney +38 267
Calendar of 8 ont for September. t | Masdeyallia floribunda abnormal 272
Correspondence, &c. . é 288 | Notes... ag 257
Cypripedium Exul a 271 | Notices of Books 268
Cypripedium x Piarrisindée (Ge ie 273 | Orchid Portraits + 280
Cypripedium x Petri and var. ee 26r | Orchids at the Royal Horticultural
Dies Orchidiane . 263 | Societ 285
Epidendrum plicatum . ok . 266 | Orchids untrue to name 267
Hybridist -.. 265 | Saccolabium Smeeanum 274
Cattleya x super- Forbesii .. 265 | Stanhopea Warscewicziana 262

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THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Vou. 1V.]

SEPTEMBER, 1806.

[No. 45.

NOTES.

THE next meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the
Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on September 8th, when the Orchid
Committee will meet at the usual hour of 12 o'clock, noon. This will be
the only meeting during September.

We regret to learn that the well-known Orchid collection of Charles
Winn, Esq., The Uplands, Selly Hill, Birmingham, is to be distributed,
Mr. Winn being relinquishing their cultivation owing to ill-health.

Mr. Winn is one of the oldest Orchid cultivators in this country, and for
the last thirty-five years he has been an enthusiastic collector of rare
Varieties, and a most successful cultivator. During the latter part of the
time he has paid much attention to hybridising, and the collection contains
a large number of seedling Dendrobi Cypripedi and others of
choice Parentage, some of them probably unique. An account of this
interesting collection is given at page 261 of our second volume.

The collection has been purchased by Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., of
Heaton, Bradford, who, we believe, will distribute the plants within io
Next few weeks, thus affording amateurs of Orchids an opportunity of
acquiring some choice things. We hope that under He ate ‘a
distribution the records of parentage of the numerous promising seedlings
will not be lost.

A very fine flower of Lzlio-cattleya X callistoglossa has been sent from
the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester, by
Mr. Johnson. It is one of the oldest and best of the group, combining well
the characters of its parents, Lelia purpurata and Cattleya Warscewiczil.

258 THE ORCHID REVIEW. 7

Pee ea DEAT
x

A large dark form of the handsome D: psis is also sent
from the same collection, like the preceding, showing evidence of very good
culture. This Dendrobium is specially valuable on account of its flowering
so freely during the autumn months, when flowers are less plentiful.

A fine flower of the handsome Lelio-cattleya x exoniensis has been
sent from the collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq., of Liscard, Cheshire. The
characters of Lelia crispa are, as usual, very apparent, and it flowers about
the same season ofthe year. Although the earliest of the Lzlio-cattleyas
~-it flowered for the first time in the autumn of 1863—and still one of the
best, we do not remember to have heard of any later batch of seedlings
being raised. Cattleya Mossi is reported to have been one parent, but
there remains a little uncertainty whether it was this or C. labiata, as the
former seldom blooms at the same season as Lzelia crispa, which was
certainly one parent, and not L. purpurata, as was long supposed. We
should like to hear if anyone has repeated the above crosses.

We learn with interest that Mr. F. J. Le Moyne, of Chicago, is trying
to make a complete collection of Sobralias. Most of the species are very
handsome, though owing to their fugitive owers and, in some cases, large
size, they are not so much cultivated as they otherwise would be. The
former defect is to some extent compensated for by the succession of
flowers which they bear. When seen in masses in their native homes they
are among the most beautiful of Orchids, as various travellers have borne
witness.

A three-flowered infl of the magnifi Disa grandiflora has
been sent from the collection of Mrs. Barclay, The Briars, Reigate, by Mr.
Bailey. The sepals are of the most brilliant scarlet, and the largest
measures over 2} inches long by 19 lines broad, while the dorsal sepal is
correspondingly well developed. It is one of five plants in a 48-sized pot, and
the strongest plant carried five flowers. Mr. Bailey states that the plant
has been grown there 13 years to his knowledge, and the two facts speak
volumes for the soundness of the treatment adopted. It is a splendid
example of good culture.

We have received a splendid five-flowered inflorescence of the beautiful
Lelio-cattleya x Brymeriana, from the collection of Colonel Brymer,
M.P., Ilsington House, Dorchester, to which a First-class Certificate was
given at the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on August 24th last. Its
parents are Lzelio-cattleya x amanda @ and Cattleya Warscewiczii 3 , whose
characters it well combines, the lip being very densely and beautiful veined
with crimson-purple on a lighter ground. It was originally described at
page 21 of our first volume.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 259

A flower of the beautiful Cattleya Lueddemanniana has been sent from
the collection of D. B. Rappart, Esq., of Liscard. The lip is very prettily
veined, somewhat as in C. Mossize, though it differs in its comparatively
broad petals and narrow lip, and in its habit of flowering on completion of
the young growths.

Habenaria polytricha, Rolfe, isa remarkable new species from Formosa,
which is figured in a recent issue of the Icones Plantarum (t. 2496). The
petals are not only divaricately bilobed, as in the section Ate, but each lobe
is again divided, the upper half into two long filiform lobes, and the lower
one into four. The lip is also broken up into numerous filiform lobes. It
belongs to the group called Meduszeformes, which contains only two other
species, M. ternatea, Rchb. f., from the Moluccas, and M. andamanica,
Hook. f., from the Andaman Islands.

We have received the seventh Annual Report of the Missouri Botanical
Garden, founded under the bequest of the late Henry Shaw, which forms
a handsome volume, containing several important illustrated papers. In the
Report of the Director, Mr. William Trelease, it is stated that among the
additions to the plants cultivated under glass— “a small but carefully
selected collection of Orchids has been placed in the house built in 1894,
so that with good management there will scarcely be a time during the
year when one or more of these interesting plants cannot be found in
bloom, while in the latter part of the winter a considerable pumber are open
together. This collection will be extended considerably from year to yeat,
my intention being to devote the greater part of this house to a varied
collection of Orchids. The garden has now in cultivation 156 named
species or varieties of greenhouse Orchids.” An illustration of a fine plant
of Cattleya luteola on a block is given at page 123, and of Chysis
bractescens in a group of other things at page 23, but we find no reference
to them in the text.

A very curious flower of a good form of Odontoglossum X Coradinei
has been sent from the collection of W. Campbell, Esq., of Kennishead,
near Glasgow, by Mr. H. Reid, in which there is a small additional lip
nearly in front of the normal one, and slightly adnate to the base of =
column at one side. It is quite perfect in shape and colour, put not ve
the size of the ordinary one. The rest of the flower is quite perfect, og
the segments short and broad. It came out of one of Messrs. Lewis's
importations.
aised from C. barbatum

: ; ary ee
A twin-flowered scape of a hybrid Cypripedium from the collection of

grandiflorum 9 and C. Boxallii ¢ has been sent

260 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool. It is a good form of C. x
apiculatum, and the spots of C. Boxallii are well shown. In the lower
flower the lateral sepals are free, a character occasionally seen in this genus.

A plant of Cypripedium Godefroy, in the same collection, is now
bearing ten fine flowers, and as the plant was purchased in September,
1888, it is evident that the treatment set forth by Mr. Young, at page 45 of
the present volume, is the correct one. The species of this group grow and
flower freely enough under proper treatment.

Flowers of the charming little Odontoglossum X aspersum violaceum
have also been sent from the same collection. The front lobe of the lip
is suffused with light purple, and the petals broadly margined with a deeper
shade of the same, while the sepals and the base of the petals are barred
with deep brown. It is a very brilliantly coloured form. :

A very beautiful flower of Cattleya Eldorado virginalis comes from the
collection of E. J. Sidebott Esq., Erlesdene, Bowdon, Cheshire. The
plant is a newly-imported one, and bore a spike of three flowers. The
sepals and petals are pure white, and the throat deep orange. The history
of the species was given at page 301 of our second volume.

Trich longical (Rolfe) is a remarkable little species now
flowering in the rich collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford,
Dorking. The flowers are white, slightly tinged with pale green, the disc
of the lip yellow with two orange keels and a small maroon blotch at their
apex. The column is short and broad, with fimbriate wings, and a purple
pubescent anther-case. The spur is 1} inches long, nearly three times as
long as the rest of the flower. It has recently been named at Kew.

A photograph of a fine plant of Selenipedium caudatum Wallisii has
been sent from the collection of W. C. Clarke, Esq., Sefton Park,
Liverpool, showing three spikes, each with three flowers. Mr. Clarke thinks
from the new growths that it will have twice as many flowers next time.

Reverting to our article on Cattleya x Hardyana at page 241, we learn
that the handsome varieties Statteriana and Countess of Derby were
obtained from the importations of Messrs. Charlesworth & Co., of Heaton,
Bradford; also the fine Selwood variety, which realised the highest
individual price at the Selwood Sale, namely, 140 guineas. In 1889 a plant
of C. xX Hardyana and two of the variety Massaiana flowered in the
collection of E. G. Wrigley, Esq., Howick House, Preston, which realised
at the sale 95, 90, and 60 Suineas, respectively. These also were from é
Messrs. Charl h’s importati It is always interesting to know the
origin of choice varieties of any kind.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 261

A very pretty form of Oncidium macranthum has been sent from the
collection of M. J. Ragot, Villenoy, near Meaux, France, in which the
sepals are not much darker than the petals, being only lightly suffused with
dusky brown. The inflorescence, also, is but little over two feet long, and
the flowers seven in number and rather crowded at the apex, probably
because not fully developed.

An excellent photograph of a fine inflorescence of Mormodes luxatum
has been sent from the collection of A. W. Wills, Esq., of Claregate, Wylde
Green, Birmingham. The length of the inflorescence is 13} inches, and its
greatest breadth 8} inches, while the flowers number 23. Mr. Wills
remarks :—‘‘ This species, one of the most beautiful of Orchids, has the
reputation of being difficult to flower. My record, however, does not justify
this opinion, being as follows: Bloomed 1891, 1892, and 1893 ; rested 1894 ;
bloomed 1895 and 1896.” The inflorescence is very beautiful, and we con-
gratulate Mr. Wills on his successful treatment, of which we should be glad
to receive a few particulars.

A good photograph and dried flower of a Stanhopea are sent from the
collection of Dr. A. W. Hoisholt, Stockton, California. The plant was
collected in the extreme South of Mexico, near the Guatemalan frontier, last
November, and has now produced a raceme of four flowers. It proves to
be S. oculata, Lindl. Dr. Hoisholt remarks that the flower was dried in
silver sand according to the directions given at page 223 of our first
volume, and owing to its fleshiness the shrivelling is extreme. Still the
shape of the parts and the spots are so well preserved as to enable any one
to recognise it immediately. It is a very handsome species, and it is very
unfortunate that the flowers do not last longer. Good photographs of the
favourite Odontoglossum citrosmum and Miltonia vexillaria are also sent.

CYPRIPEDIUM x PETRI AND VAR. BURBIDGEI.

THE article appearing in the last number of the Orchid Review (page 247)
on Cypripedium x Petri and var. Burbidgei is distinctly interesting, and
the conclusion arrived at appears so reasonable that I have adopted the
same, and added both C. x Petri and X C. Petri var. Burbidgei to my list of
hybrids, as a cross between C. Dayanum and C. virens. I ee that the
C. virens intended is the C. javanicum var. virens of Veitch s Manual of
Orchidaceous Plants (iv., page 35)- Curiously enough, neither C. javanicum
nor C. virens are mentioned in Williams’ Orchid zum s Manual, except
that the former is given as one of the parents of C. x ja
I agree with the suggestion that someone might mak

vanico-superbiens.
e the experiment

262 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

of crossing C. Dayanum and C. virens together, as the result would serve
either to corroborate or to disprove the conclusions arrived at.

Still, four or five years is a long time to await the result, and in the
meantime I would suggest that a bloom of C. X woodlandense be sent to
you by whoever has the pleasure of next flowering it, for inspection and report.

This hybrid appears to have been raised by Messrs. Sander & Co., and
is recorded in Mr. Chapman’s list of Hybrid Cypripediums (Gard. Chron.,
1895, xvii., p. 199) asC. Dayanum @ C.virens g, and inthe Orchid Hybrids
by G. Hansen (page 183) as C. Dayanum x javanicum virens.

REGINALD YOUNG.
15th August, 1896.

Ss
STANHOPEA WARSCEWICZIANA.

THE re-discovery of a long-lost species is always a very interesting matter,
and it is curious what a number of Orchids are only known from a description
published long ago, and often very imperfect, so that it is not always an easy
matter to identify them. In the case of the above Stanhopea, which has
now flowered in the collection of J. D. Hodgson, Esq., Newcastle-on-Tyne,
from a plant received from Costa Rica two years ago, there was a figure
of the original plant in existence, and I have long been anticipating its
Te-appearance ; as also of one or two others, which will probably turn up
again some day. The present one was originally discovered by Warscewicz
on Mt. Chiriqui, Central America, and flowered in the nursery of Herr
Mathieu, at Berlin, in July, 1852, and was shortly afterwards described by
Klotzsch as S. Warscewicziana (Allg. Gartz., ey p- 274). A figure was
afterwards given by Reichenbach (Xen. Orch., ii., p. 85, t. 125), after which
the plant appears to have been lost sight of. This figure shows the whole
flower of a bright deep yellow, with the exception of the column, while that
of Mr. Hodgson’s plant is much lighter, though identical in structure, from
which it appears that the Species is somewhat variable in this respect. S0
many of the figures of this work, however, are so badly coloured that one
cannot place too much reliance on the difference named. The species is
allied to S. insignis, Frost, the hypochil being quite globose, as in that, but
the flower is much smaller and differently coloured. The sepals and petals
are about two inches long, very light yellow and unspotted, and the lip is
still paler, the hypochil being very paie yellow, with a very light purple
blotch on either side, and the rest of the lip nearly white. The pair of
acute keels on the sides of the hypochil describe a semi-circle. The column
is slightly over 1} inches long, and broadly winged almost to the base, the
apical teeth being triangular and acute, The flowers have a strong aromatic
perfume,

RB Arie

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 263
DIES ORCHIDIANA,

THE case of the variety or sport of Cypripedium X Harrisianum in the Law
Courts, reported at page 239 of your last issue, raises a rather curious
question ; but there is a lack of detail in the report, which makes it difficult
to form an opinion on the merits of the case. It appears that Messrs. Sander
saw certain peculiarities of colouration in a variety of C. x Harrisianum,
which induced them to give the comparatively high price of a thousand
francs for it; but that when it flowered again these peculiarities were not
present. What their nature was does not appear, nor is it recorded whether
the plant was a seedling flowering for the first time, or a portion of some
older plant which had originated as a sport, like the curious forms of C. x
Dauthieri, which have been described in the Review. Again, it is not
recorded what the flowers were like the next year, only that they were of
an inferior character. And these little details are just what one would like
to know. It is not suggested that the vendor of this erratic plant was
aware of its tricks, and took advantage of an innocent purchaser, otherwise
the case might appear different. It has sometimes been recommended that
in order to avoid being taken in, people should purchase their plants in
flower, but the present case suggests that even plants in flower may not
always prove to be what they seem. Such cases, however, are fortunately
not common, though if the plant is a genuine sport it may again surprise
its present possessor in a more agreeable way. Sports are just those things
which appear when least expected, and which no one will be answerable for
when they do come, though in most cases they prove permanent, and what-
ever their subsequent behaviour, they are invariably regarded with interest.
I should like to know a little more about the history of the one now under
consideration.

It seems quite possible that sports among Orchids may become more
common in future, as hybridising progresses. It now seems to be generally
agreed that it is chiefly, if not altogether, among plants which have Leeds
much crossed that they occur, and some recent hybrids are of very mixed
Parentage, especially among Cypripediums, and this is likely to be in-
creasingly so in future. The theory is that under certain conditions the
blood of the different parent species tends to become dissociated, hence the
Production of a bud with different characteristics to that of the plant which
Produced it, and this, on development, gives rise to a new form. Complete
dissociation seldom or never takes place, otherwise a hybrid might be found
Sporting back to its original parent species ; but partial reversion takes
Place, as is seen in the curious Cypripedium Dauthieri Rossianum,
Is More striped than the typical Ci Dauthieri from which it originated,

which

264 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and thus shows a partial reversion to the character of C. barbatum, one of
the original parents. There is also a striped form of C. X Harrisianum,
but whether it arose as a sport or otherwise I cannot say. No doubt other
cases will be duly recorded as they appear.

The figure and history of Cattleya x Hardyana came very opportunely
in the last number (page 241), when everybody is watching their newly-
imported C. Dowianas in hopes of finding this handsome natural hybrid
among them. I believe that at one of the sales at Protheroe and Morris's
Rooms some time ago a gentleman was present who had made a study of
the characters of growth of this hybrid and its parents, and who purchased
quite a number of plants which he thought looked most likely to be C. X
Hardyana. That gentleman, of course, is a good reader of his Review, and I
hope he will let us know what good fortune attended his efforts. And I
should not be surprised to hear that in some quiet corner he has a little
batch of home-raised seedlings, which are sure to be all right, though it
requires a good deal of patience to wait until they are large enough to
flower. It is remarkable what a number of plants have appeared in the
course of about ten years, and also how distinct many of them are. It is
pretty evident that where the two parent species grow together, the pollen
is carried about indiscriminately by the wild bees which fertilise them, and
a good many pods of crossed seed must be the result, or the hybrid would
not be so common as it is. It seems quite likely that a number of other
brilliant forms will turn up in the course of the next few years, though I
hope that each one will not be furnished with a separate name, whether it
deserves it or not. And the enumeration of the different varieties given
last month will enable those who are fortunate enough to flower additional
plants to ascertain if they agree with those already named. In the absence
of such a list it is difficult to search out all the scattered references, which
perhaps partly accounts for the deplorable confusion which occurs among
the varieties of some of our most popular Orchids.

The illustration of the charming little group of Habenarias, given at page
209 of the July number, reminds me how beautiful some of these terrestrial
species are, and it is fortunate that their merits have been more recognised
during recent years. Quite an interesting collection could be got together,
many of which present no cultural difficulties if ordinary care is exercised,
though some have a disappointing way of taking French leave during the
supposed resting period ; and even this is partly due to neglect or improper
treatment. Among the best of recent acquisitions are the hybrid Disasy

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 265

which have assuredly come to stay, so beautiful and so easily grown have
they proved. And with them must be classed the parent species, including
“the peerless Disa grandiflora, the Pride of Table Mountain,” which, when
it succeeds well, is still unsurpassed in cultivation, though it does not succeed
everywhere for some reason. Then there are several Satyriums worthy of
cultivation, the handsome Stenoglottis longifolia and S. fimbriata, and even
some of the European Orchises are easily grown and very handsome. And
there are the hardy Cypripediums, several of which do well in pots, and are
very gay during the early summer. But there is no need to draw up a
catalogue, as many of them are well known. Reverting again for a moment
to the Disas, it is probable that other acquisitions will soon be forthcoming,
as further crosses have been attempted, and such promising little plants are
sure not to be neglected.

It is interesting to note that an importation of the handsome Renanthera
Imschootiana has been secured. Were it not so recent a discovery I should
think that this must be the scarlet Vanda which was reported some years
ago. Out of flower, it is more suggestive of a Vanda of the ccerulea group
than a Renanthera, and if it blooms as freely as appearances seem to indi-
cate, it will be a great acquisition. Hitherto it has been too rare to form
an opinion, though Mr. Woodall’s plant, exhibited some time ago at one of
the Royal Horticultural Society's meetings, affords pretty conclusive evidence

of its true character. a
RGUS.

THE HYBRIDIST.
CATTLEYA X SUPER-FORBESII.

Unber this remarkable name is described a very pretty hybrid which was
shown at the last York Gala by Mr. James Cypher, Queen’s Road Nursery,
Cheltenham, and received an Award of Merit. The parentage is recorded
as C. Forbesii x superba. The habit and general shape of the flower :
approach nearest to C. Forbesii, but in the colour, the more expanded side-
lobes of the lip, and the texture of the flower, the influence of C. superba is
said to preponderate. The sepals and petals are creamy white, tinged with
Tose, and green at the tips, while the lip is: yellowish white with brownish
yellow raised lines, and the side-lobes rose-purple inside and veined outside
with the same colour. The front lobe is rose-purple, with some yellow in the
centre, as in C. superba.—O’Brien in Gard. Chron., July 25th, p. 90.

—— +

266 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
EPIDENDRUM PLICATUM.

In 1847 a very handsome Epidendrum was described and figured under the
above name by Dr. Lindley (Bot. Reg., XXXIII., t. 35), which had been
introduced from Cuba by Messrs. Loddiges, and flowered in their
establishment in the previous July. Since then it has been almost lost
sight of, and it is interesting to note that a plant has flowered in the
collection of Mr. T. L. Mead, Oviedo, Florida, which was brought bya
tourist from Florida. It belongs to the Encyclium group, in which the lip
is free from the column, and is nearly allied to E. ceratistes, Lindl. Lindley
described the lip as rich crimson, also the petals at the back, but the sepals
and inside of the petals green, the former just warmed and the latter richly
spotted with crimson. Mr. Mead remarks that the scape is two feet long,
and the lip in colour like Lelia autumnalis, passing to white in the centre ;
the petals greenish golden-buff with maroon tips, and the outer ‘surface
sprinkled with buff; and the sepals buff, like the petals, but only edged
with maroon mottlings, and the reverse surface also dusted with maroon.
Like many others it is probably variable in colour, and is one of the
comparatively few handsome species grown. :

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

OnE of the prettiest Botanical Orchids now flowering at Kew is Cynorchis
grandiflora, a terrestrial Madagascar species, whose history was given at
page 59 of our first volume. Its large purple four-lobed lip and green sepals
marked with purple-brown are very distinct and attractive, and it grows
well with other terrestrial species. Spiranthes grandiflora is a well-known
- pe with spikes of large green flowers, which is found in a few

thoglottis plicata and a very pretty dwarf variety called
Micholitzii Anise also be enumerated. The latter is a distinct improve-
ment on the type, the dwarfer habit being very marked, while the flower is
rather larger, and of the usual bright purple colour. It was imported by
Messrs. Sander. Several plants of the pretty little yellow S. Fortunei are
also very effective. Sobralia sessilis is also flowering, and the blooms are
very handsome for one day, after which they shrivel, to be succeeded by
others a few days later.

Masdevallia floribunda answers very well to its name, for two or three
plants are now a mass of flowers, and when thus grown is very pretty- It
regularly flowers in this manner about this time of year. Me Carderi and
M. Reichenbachiana are also very pretty. Pl halli his is a
very distinct Costa Rican species with curiously flattened sans aad orange-
buff flowers. P. picta is a dwarf tuft of leaves crowded with short single-

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

267
flowered scapes of brown and yellow flowers. P. velatipes, with long
racemes of green flowers, is also in bloom. Od re K i

is a dwarf and pretty little species from Costa Rica, and O. auriculatum a
rare plant, which came home with O. nevium some years ago. Oncidium
pumilum has small dense panicles of yellow flowers. The pretty little
Sigmatostalix radicans is a very interesting and pretty little species belong-
ing to this group. Trichopilia hymenantha, one of the smallest species of
the genus, is also in flower.

Of Catasetums may be mentioned C. macrocarpum and C. fimbriatum,
the latter a very interesting plant; and of the Dendrobium group, D.
alpestre and Cirrhopetalum guttul two pretty little Himalayan species,
Bulbophyllum vitiense, a native of Fiji, and the pretty little Siamese Trias
disciflora, the largest-flowered species in the genus. Ccelogyne corrugata
and Gongora galeata are also among the interesting Botanical Orchids of
this season.

ORCHIDS UNTRUE TO NAME: A LAWSUIT.

A casE which is important both to purchasers and vendors of Orchids came
before his Honour, Commissioner Kerr, at the City of London Court, on
Tuesday, August 4th. The plaintiff was Mr. D. B. Rappart, Promenade,
Liscard, Cheshire, and the defendants the Executors of the Estate of the
late Mr. G. D. Owen, of Selwood, Rotherham. The former gentleman
purchased at the auction sale of this well-known collection of Orchids
several choice and valuable species and varieties, part of which upon
flowering proved untrue to name, and of little value; and not feeling
disposed to stand by such a bargain, he made application for the high
Prices paid to be refunded. This request being met by refusal, the plaintiff
decided to bring an action to recover his rights. For the plaintiff there
appeared two well-known and qualified experts, who testified to seeing the
Plants in flower, and that they were not true. A third expert also appeared,
who could testify that no variety of Orchid would alter its character by
changing into another variety. Verdict for the plaintiff, with costs.

The Orchids mentioned in the case were three :—Cattleya Skinneri alba,
Which proved to be an ordinary coloured form of the species ; Ses
glossum x elegans, which turned out a poor form of O. Hallii; and
Dendrobium x plendidissi g i said to have been only D.
x Leechianum. Generally speaking, mistakes of this kind are acknow-
ledged by the seller, and compensation in some form or another given, and
had the defendants been well advised, the present case should not have been
allowed to come into Court,

H. A. B.

268 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

NOTICE OF BOOK.

Tcones Orchidearum Austro-A fricanarum extra-tropicarum ; or Figures of extra-
tropical South African Orchids. By Harry Botus, F.L.S. Vol. 1, part

2, tt. 51—100. London: William Wesley & Son, 28, Essex Street,

Strand.

A noice of the first part of this valuable work appeared at page 270 of our
first volume, and now we are able to welcome the second, which has just
made its appearance. It contains a series of fifty partly-coloured plates, from
drawings by the author, illustrating a selection of the Orchids of South
Africa, many of which are very remarkable in structure. The figures
comprise eleven species of Disa, eight each of Satyrium and Disperis, four
of Habenaria and Pterygodium, three of Angrzcum, Mystacidium, and
Platanthera, two of Brachycorythis, and a single example of Eulophia,
Pachites, Schizodium, and Zeuxine. The last-named, Zeuxine cochlearis,
Schlechter (t. 58), is very interesting, being allied to Z. sulcata, Lindl., from
India and China, and the genus new to South Africa. Eulophia
calanthoides, Schlechter (t. 51), it may be noted, is drawn from a specimen
which flowered at Kew in June, 1893, but has been identified with wild dried
specimens. The handsomest species figured, probably, is Disa purpurascens,
Bolus (t. 86), one of the blue Disas which it was hoped some time ago would
prove amenable to cultivation, though the one introduced seems to have
again been lost sight of. Disa sanguinea, Sander (t. 80), has deep crimson
flowers, which are rather small, and arranged in a short, dense, cylindrical
spike. Schizodi tennife » Schlechter (t. 88) is a very remarkable
species in which the petals and lip are extended into dark purple spreading
tails, giving the flower a remarkable insect-like appearance. This genus, it
may be noted, was suppressed in the former part of the work, but is now again
revived, while a somewhat similar remark applies also to Mystacidium.
Brachycorythis ovata, Lindl. (t. 62), has purple, “delightfully fragrant
violent-scented flowers,” which are arranged in a dense cylindrical spike,
and would be worth introduci ig to cultivati Satyrium sphzrocarpum,
Lindl. (t. 75), and S. longicauda, Lindl. (t. 70) are already known in gardens.
Disa aconitoides, Sander (t. 79) is well named, as the resemblance to 2
dwarf Aconite in the scape, as well as in the shape and colour of the flowers,
is striking. The flowers are lilac, with a few darker spots.

A very curious purple-flowered Disperis is figured under the name of D.
stenoplectron, Rchb.f. ? (t. 90), with the following significant remarks :—“ It
is impossible to know certainly whether this is Reichenbach’s plant. The
description of a species of so complicated a structure by the use of few words
is difficult, if not impossible; and that by the author of this plant is far too
brief. In such a case the student ordinarily refers to the type specimen ;

,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 269

but this is effectually precluded by the terms of Reichenbach’s will, by which
his whole collection remains sealed at Vienna for twenty-five years from the
date of his death. It is a question whether the botanical world generally
would not have promoted the true interests of the science, and discouraged
similar unworthy vagaries for the future, by agreeing at the recent Genoa
Congress that the usual rule of priority in nomenclature should not hold good
in any case where the only type specimen existed in Reichenbach’s
herbarium, and where no other specimen named by him was available for
reference elsewhere. At present it can only be said that this is probably
Reichenbach’s plant.” Pterygodium Newdigate, Bolus (t. 99), is remarkable
for having a cleistogamous form, which is also represented. This is noted
as abundant, while the normal form is rare. This cleistogamous form is
very curious. ‘‘ No opened or punctured flower has, as yet, been observed ;
no pollen has in any case been found upon the stigma; yet the ovaries have
swollen, producing abundance of seed, and Dr. Schoenland, who examined
them, found the seeds to contain a perfect embryo. The question remains,
* How is the fertilisation effected ??” We can only suggest that at some
stage before the buds are fully developed the pollen-tubes begin to grow,
and find their way to the stigma, thus effecting fertilisation, after which the
development of the other organs of the flower is arrested, as in the case of
other cleistogamous flowers, while in the unfertilised flowers they continue
to develop in the normal way until mature. As regards the plates generally
it may be said that they will be invaluable as aids to the identification of
these interesting but difficult plants. Future parts will be awaited with
interest, and we venture to express the hope that in time most of, if not all,
the South African species will be represented by a good figure.

An appendix to the work enumerates thirteen additions to the same
author's Orchids of the Cape Peninsula, published in 1888, making a total of
II5 species known from the Cape Peninsula, a tract of land about 40 miles
long and varying from three to eleven broad—about a fourth larger than
the Isle of Wight—which is‘a remarkably large number for so small an area.

The third part devoted to the Orchidee of Martius’s Flora Brasiliensis,
by Prof. Cogniaux, has appeared, and is devoted to the Pleurothallea—or,
Tather, to part of that group. It contains four species of Cryptophoranthus,
Seventeen of Masdevallia, seven of Ph iphon, forty-four of Stelis, two of
Scaphosepalum, and about half the genus Pleurothallis, which from the
Synopsis is seen to number 226 species. Lepanthes, Restrepia, and idl
Meria stand over for the next part. As before, a number of prea =
included which have not yet been found in Brazil, though it is anticipate
that some day they may be detected there. Thus, no less than nine of the

270 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

seventeen Masdevallias are not yet known from Brazil, while the genus
Scaphosepalum, of which two species are included, has not yet been detected
there. Thus the totals given cannot be taken as representing the number of

' Brazilian species actually known. The plates of this part extend from
numbers 76 to g8, on which nearly a hundred species are represented. The
general character of this valuable work has already been indicated, and we
hope in time to see it brought to a satisfactory completion.

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.
Tue end of summer is about the dullest season of the year for Orchid
blooms, but I find a fair sprinkling of handsome species in flower in the
different houses. The beautiful Cattleya Eldorado is just now at its best,
and the pure white variety Wallisii is particularly charming. C. Luedde-
manniana, too, is carrying some of its large and handsome flowers. C.
superba and C. Loddigesii are also flowering well, and C. Leopoldi is bearing
several large trusses of its finely-spotted flowers. Laelia crispa is always
handsome, and just now is coming on well, together with several pans of
the charming little Laelia Dayana, which is about the best of the dwarf
kinds. Lzelio-cattleya x Schilleri is also at its best, and the equally
beautiful L.-c. x elegans is coming out well. Both are invaluable at this
time of year. In this house are also beautiful plants of Miltonia spectabilis
and its richly-coloured variety Moreliana, which deserve to be grown in
quantity, so useful are they at this season. é
Nothing can exceed the brilliancy of colour of the old Disa grandiflora
when it does well, and the contrast with a fine dark Vanda ccerulea is really
most effective. Another blue Orchid which is now very charming is
Rhyncostylis ccelestis, generally grown under the name of Saccolabium
celeste. Near it are Phalznopsis cornu-cervi, pretty, but not showy, the
handsome Aerides Lawrencez, the pretty little Angreecum Scottianum, @
good Ansellia africana, and a fine plant of Cycnoches chlorochilon, which
completely scents the house in the early morning. Selenipedium X Sedeni
and its varieties are just commencing to flower on a number of new spikes
just thrown up, and are now very handsome, and the same remark applies
to S. X calurum. These useful plants flower during the greater part of the
year. Cypripedium Dayanum is also flowering well, together with numerous
hybrids, of which C. x Ashburtonie and C. x Io are very effective.
Among the few handsome things in the Cool-house, Oncidium varicosum
is just now one of the showiest, while the coral-red Rodriguezia secunda and
Cochlioda vulcanica are both very charming. Other showy plants are
Epidendrum nemorale and Odont real bi together with one
or two mentioned in previous notes.

THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CYPRIPEDIUM EXUL.

THE appearance of the handsome variety of Cypripedium Exul, for which
Major Joicey, of Sunningdale Park, received a First-class Certificate on
April 7th last, and of the richly coloured C. E. aureum in the collection of
W. M. Appleton, Esq., of Weston-super-Mare (noted at page 162), has
again called attention to the species, which is proving rather more variable
than at first supposed, and now that it has become established in
cultivation it may be seen to better advantage, as hitherto it has had the
character of being rather shy flowering. It was originally described by Mr.
Ridley under the name of C. insigne var. exul (Gard. Chron., 1891, x., P- 94),
the author remarking :—“ This is a native of Nepal, so it was surprising to
me to obtain from a native collector a large quantity of a species closely
resembling it from so far south as Siam. It is very distinct as a variety,
both in form and colouring. The leaves are shorter and more crowded;
the scape shorter, the flower rather smaller than that of the typical form.
The general colouring is similar to that of the Nepal plant, but the white
margin of the standard runs right down to the base; the purple spots are
crowded into the middle of the apple-green centre. The petals and lip
much resemble those of the Indian forms, but the lip is more yellow. The
shield is different in shape; instead of being cordate with a notch in the
apex, it is almost ovate, with, at the most, a depression at the top. It is
decidedly a charming plant, of very neat habit, and appears to be very
floriferous. It will, I think, be welcomed by the lovers of Cypripedia. A
considerable quantity was brought into Singapore, and a number of plants
have ere this found their way to England.” A plant was exhibited at a
meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society on April 12th, 1892, under the
name of Cypripedium insigne siamense, from the collection of R. I.
Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell, and being referred to Kew
for determination, re-appeared a week later (April r9th) under the name of
C. Exul, Rolfe, with a note to the effect that it was the C. insigne var. exul
mentioned above, but evidently a distinct species nearer C. Druryi in several
Tespects. An Award of Merit was then given, and a note appeared in the
Journal of Horticulture for April 21st (page 301), in which its distinctness
was briefly pointed out. Two days later a description by Mr. J. O’Brien
appeared in the Gardeners’ Chronicle, together with a figure (1892, Xie pp.
522, 523, fig. 77). A figure appeared also in Lindenia, whence the following
note on its distinctness is extracted :— Last autumn I saw a large im-
Portation of this particular plant, together with a coloured drawing. In
the former I could not see a evidence of C. insigne, though the drawing
certainly bore a a ») to that species, yet there were
certain discrepancies which I could not understand. And now, having seen

242 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

a plant which has flowered in the collection of R. I. Measures, Esq... .
it only confirms my suspicion that we have a distinct species, and not a
variety of C. insigne, to deal with. C. insigne and its numerous varieties
have spreading leaves, while the Siamese plant has more or less erect leaves,
which, with other differences, render the two quite dissimilar ; and no one
seeing the Siamese plant out of flower would think for a moment of C.

insigne, but rather of a narrow-leaved form of C. philippinense. . . . .
The differences which strike me most in the Siamese plant, in addition
to the different habit, . . . are: the shorter scape, with smaller flower,

of rather more rigid texture ; the less undulate dorsal sepal, with the regular
white margin all round, and the darker spots confined to the centre of the
basal half, where are also a number of darker green lines; the connate
lateral sepals considerably larger than the lip; the shorter petals distinctly
spotted at the base; the smaller stouter lip, which, like the petals, is more
yellow in colour, and very glossy ; the smaller staminode, and, lastly, the
different season of the year when the flowers are produced. Although the
dorsal sepal and the central boss of the staminode bear some resemblance
toC. insigne, . . . yet the lip is equally near to C. Druryi, while in
general habit it is much nearer to the last named. All things considered,
I think it entitled to rank as a distinct species, for which the name of C.
Exul may be retained” (Rolfe in Lindenia, sub. t. 327). The various plants
which have since flowered in different collections have served to confirm
most of these remarks, and there is no longer any doubt of its distinctness.

— +

MASDEVALLIA FLORIBUNDA ABNORMAL.

A VERY kable infl of Masdevallia floribunda has appeared at
the Royal Botanic Garden, Glasnevin, under the charge of Mr. F. W-
Moore, which has the appearance of one flower growing out of the centre of
the other. On careful examination it is seen that the bract of the lower
flower has remained confluent, first with the ovary, and then with the lateral
sepals, which latter are not united to each other by their margins, but to
either side of the bract.. The latter organ has also become petaloid, like the
sepals, and is even densely spotted with brown in the same way. In fact, it
looks like an additional sepal between the two lateral ones, for, like them, it
has a free apex, but shorter and broader, and a tail, which, however, 1s
only a line long, and represents the apiculus of the bract. In other respects
the flower is perfect. The hose-in-hose ig is

uppermost flower is stalked and a little exserted, and also without a bract,
but as the lateral sepals of this one are confluent it is possible that this
also is made up of the lateral sepals and the bract.

R. A. R.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 273
CYPRIPEDIUM x HARRISANDER,

Last month (page 228) we gave a short description of the beautiful
Cypripedium X Harrisander, from the collection of W. C. Clarke, Esq.,
Orleans House, Sefton Park, Liverpool, which received an Award of Merit
from the Royal Horticultural Society on July 28th, and now we are able to
give an illustration (Fig. 14), reproduced from a photograph kindly sent by
Mr. Clarke. The scape bore four flowers, but the lowest one being deformed
was cut off before the photograph was taken. As previously remarked, it is
a seedling from C.]x Harrisianum, thegpollen parent being the long-petalled

Fig. 14. CypRIPEDIUM X HARRISANDER.

C. Sanderianum, and the figure shows that the characters of the two parents

are very. well combined in the hybrid. In general habit it most reg
the pollen parent, but the petals are reduced to 4} inches in length, and t .
flower is modified in other respects, both in shape and oy The groun
colour may be described as light yellowish green, with the dorsal =
regularly striped and the basal half of the petals spotted with waa
The lip is also shining purple-brown in front, and the staminode convex,

274 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

obcordate, and pubescent all over. The leaves are marbled with two shades
of green, much as in the seed parent. A fresh flower was also sent, together
with a second photograph showing the whole plant, which has evidently a
more robust constitution than C. Sanderianum. It is a decided acquisition
to the ranks of hybrid Cypripediums. Contrary to what was stated on page
228, we believe that this hybrid was raised in the collection of Charles
Winn, Esq., of Selly Hill, Birmingham, as the following note from Mr.
Winn will show:—‘ With regard to the seedling Cypripedium x

farrisi x Sanderi when the latter was imported I purchased
some plants, and one flowered very soon. I used the pollen, and had some
dozen or more plants. I parted with a few of these, in exchange, to Messrs.
Lewis, from whom my friend, Major Mason, purchased one, and Mr. Clarke
tells me he purchased another. Probably it is from these seedlings that the
one exhibited flowered. Messrs. Charlesworth have now the remaining
Stock of beautiful healthy plants.” Thus it would appear that our
note with respect to the origin of the plant was correct, though not as to the
raiser. Whether the same cross has been raised in any other collection we
cannot say.

SACCOLABIUM SMEEANUM.

Tuis interesting little plant has again flowered in the collection of A. H.
Smee, Esq., The Grange, Carshalton. It was described by Reichenbach in
1887 (Gard. Chron., 1887, ii., p. 214) from a single plant, which is still
believed to be the only one in cultivation, and, curiously enough, its origin
is still unknown. It passed through different hands before coming into Mr.
Smee’s possession, and is recorded to have first flowered in October, 1885-
It still shows the peculiarity originally pointed out of ‘a great change in the
colour of the small flowers,” for when these first expand the lip is of a pretty
light violet with a white line near the base. This line gradually becomes
yellow, while at the same time the violet is replaced by yellow on the front
of the lip, and passes into dull brownish-purple on the sides, until by the
time the flower fades scarcely a trace of the original colour remains. The
flowers are small, and borne in a branching raceme, something like some
species of Sarcanthus. It is, however, a true Saccolabium, there being 2°
trace of a septum in the spur. Although a botanical Orchid, it is a very
interesting one, and the curious change of colour mentioned above is very
seldom seen in this family, though a few examples are known in which @
distinct change of colour occurs before the flowers fade.
R. A. R.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 275

L#LIA PUMILA AND L. DAYANA.

A QUESTION has been raised by a pondent as to the disti or
otherwise of the forms of the pretty little Lelia pumila group, which are
again beginning to flower, and as their history has been much confused, an
account of them may probably prove interesting.

Lelia pumila was originally described in the Botanical Magazine, in 1839,
under the name of Cattleya pumila, froma plant which flowered in the
collection of John Allcard, Esq., in the previous year. It was said to have
been received from the Essequibo, but the statement probably originated in
some mistake, as the species is unquestionably Brazilian. It was discovered
by Gardner on the Organ Mountains in April, 1837, and is noted as “ found
on the small branches of trees; very rare.” In 1844 it was also figured in
the Botanical Register, from a plant which flowered in the establish-
ment of Messrs. Loddiges, of Hackney, where its original introduc-
tion is attributed to a French dealer, M. Pinel, who sent it from Brazil
under the name of Cattleya marginata. It was afterwards stated that M.
Pinel originally sent plants to M. Morel, an amateur of Orchids at Paris.

This particular plant, Cattleya marginata, had been figured in the
Previous year in Paxton’s Magazine of Botany, from a plant which flowered
in October, 1842, with Messrs. Loddiges, who appear to have received an
importation about this time, probably from M. Pinel. A few years later it
was also figured in the Florist.

In 1844 a plant flowered in Messrs. Rollisson’s Nursery to which the
name of Cattleya Pinelii was given, which clearly indicates its origin.
This was doubtfully admitted as distinct by Lindley, who remarked that it
differed from C. pumila in having white sepals and rose-coloured petals,
which were straight and almost exactly ovate, but was insufficiently known.

In 1850 a plant was figured in the Florist under the name of Cattleya
spectabilis. This, too, had flowered with Messrs. Loddiges, who exhibited
it at one of the Royal Horticultural Society's Shows at Chiswick. The
following note was contributed by Messrs. Loddiges :—‘‘ With respect sy
the Cattleya spectabilis, we received a small parcel of Orchids from Brazil
in the spring of 1849, amongst which were some Cattleyas having the
appearance of marginata; many of these flowered as such. This being
stronger in growth evidently appeared different, and flowered in June, when
it was exhibited at Chiswick ; it seemed to be an extraordinarily fine variety
of marginata.” : :

In 1853 Reichenbach showed that Cattleya pumila was a true Lelia,
and gave the name under which it is now known, considering most of the
Preceding as forms of the same species, which they evidently are. é

In 1857 the same author described Lelia prestans from a plant which

276 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

flowered in the collection of Herr Reichenheim, of Berlin, in the previous
winter. It was compared with Lelia pumila, but was considered distinct
on account of its large flowers, broad petals, and the broader more curved
and fleshy tube of the lip, which was yellow inside. It came from the
province of Santa Catherina, South Brazil. Two years later a plant
appeared in the collection of Mr. John Day, at Tottenham, about which
Lindley contributed an account to the Gardeners’ Chronicle, stating that it
was purchased at Stevens’ Rooms among Cattleya marginata. The flower
was four inches in diameter.

In 1859 a plant was figured by Lemaire in the I/lustration Horticle under
the name of Cattleya pumila major, which Reichenbach afterwards claimed
as belonging to Lelia prestans. This had been sent by M. Pinel to M.
Ambrose Verschaffelt in 1855, also under the name of Cattleya marginata.
It was figured as a fine variety of the type.

In 1877 a still larger and very handsome form appeared in the collection
of M. Massange de Louvrex, which was figured in the Belgique Horticole in
the following year as Leelia pumila var. mirabilis. It is much like an
enlarged form of the one previously mentioned.

There is a very beautiful white variety known as L. preestans alba, which
appeared in the establishment of Mr. W. Bull, of Chelsea, and received a
First-class Certificate on October 8th, 1889. It may also be remarked that
a similar award was given to L. prestans typical on November 5th, 1867,
and to L. pumila on June 2nd, 1869, both the plants being exhibited by
Messrs. James Veitch & Sons.

How far Lelia prestans can be distinguished from L. pumila is doubtful.
Messrs. Veitch, who reduce it to the rank of a variety, distinguish it by the
“lip ‘Straight, as in the type, convolute side lobes over-lapping at their
THATS VETY’ stiff in texture, so that they cannot be spread out without
splitting ; lines of the disc almost obsolete ; disc orange-yellow.” These
differences were relied upon by Reichenbach to separate it as a distinct
Species, but from an examination of a series of forms it is evident that they
cannot be relied upon absolutely. For example, the two last figures cited
below under Cattleya marginata have the disc yellow, as has also the form
figured as Cattleya spectabilis, while Cattleya pumila major, which was
claimed by Reichenbach as Lelia prestans, has a pale disc, while forms in
which the throat was purple, like the rest of the lip, have been recorded on
more than one occasion. And the character derived from the shape and
texture of the lip seems equally variable. It will also have been observ!
that the original plants came home as Cattleya marginata, and were only
Picked out when they flowered, all of which facts go to show that Lalia
pumila is very variable, and that prestans is simply a fine form of the same,
which passes by easy stages into the type.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 277

Lelia pumila is a native of South Brazil, and is said to occupy a region
extending from the eastern part of the province of Rio de Janeiro southwards
to Santa Catherina, where it grows upon trees on the mountain slopes at
1,500 to 2,500 feet elevation. ;

The following are the references to descriptions and figures of the
different forms :—

L&LiA puMILA, Rchb. f. in Fl. des Serres, ix. (1853), p. 102; Xen. Orch.,
ii., p. 44, t. 115, figs. 3-10; Warn. Sel. Orch., ser. 2, t. 32; Veitch Man.
Orch., ii., pp. 77, 78, with fig. ; Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1890, viii., p. 242;
Orchidophile, 1890, p. 50, with plate; Gartenflora, xxxix., p. 169, t. 1319,
fig. 3.

Cattleya pumila, Hook, Bot. Mag., Ixv. (1839), t. 3656; Bot. Reg.,
xxx., t. 5; Gard. Chron., 1885, i., pp. 596, 597; fig. 110.

Bletia pumila, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann, vi. (1862), p. 421.

Cattleya marginata, Paxt. Mag. Bot., x. (1843), p. 265, with plate;
Florist, 1851, pp. 25, 98, with plate; Floral World, 1874, p. 353, with plate.
Cattleya Pinelii, Lindl., Bot. Reg., xxx. (1844), t. 5, fig. 1, text, n. 9.

Cattleya spectabilis, Florist, iii. (1850), pp. 89, 91, with plate.

Lelia prastans, Rchb. f. in Berl. Allg. Gartenz, xxv. (1857), p- 3363
Lindl. in Gard. Chron., 1859, p. 240; Bot. Mag., t. 5498; Fl. des Serres, t.
1900; Reichenbachia, ser. 2, I., p. 13, t. 6; Orch. Album, X., t- 433+

Bletia prastans, Rchb. f. in Walp. Ann. vi. (1862), p. 425; Xen. Orch.,
ii., p. 43, t. 114.

Lalia pumila prastans, Veitch Man. Orch., ii. (1887), p. 793 Rolfe in
Gard. Chron., 1899, ii., p. 242.

Cattleya pumila major, Lem. in Jil. Hort., vi. (1859), t 193-

Lelia pumila major, Lem. /. c. in note.

Lelia pumila var. mirabilis, E. Morr. in Belg. Hort., xxviii. (1878), p-
279, t. 17.

Lauria Dayana was described by Reichenbach in 1876, from materials
sent by the late Mr. John Day, of Tottenham, after whom it was named.
The author remarked :—‘ An unexpected and lovely plant. Take a Lelia
pumila and give the lip a very dark purplish border, similar very dark
veins covered with dark low lamelle ; this is the Lelia Dayana, named in
honour of my excellent correspondent, Mr. Day, who most kindly sent
Seven glorious flowers of this new Brazilian plant.” It was also comarem
with the rare Leelia Jongheana. It was sent home by Mr. Boxall, the we' ,
known collector for Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., and is said to have been ma
home in quantity with a batch of Lelia pumila. Messrs. Low os
flowered it at the same time as Mr. Day. Shortly afterwards it was ieee
in the Floral M agazine by Mr. Burbidge, under the name of L. pumila Dayana.

278 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

There is not the same difficulty in distinguishing L. Dayana from L.
pumila as is experienced in the case of L. prestans, for the present one has
the disc of the lip always traversed by five to seven narrow keels, highest in
the centre, which gives it a very distinct appearance. The flowers are also
usually darker in colour, the margin cf the side lobes and front lobe of
the lip being deep purple; they also generally appear rather earlier in the
autumn, Owing to these differences it can easily be retained as a distinct
species.

A very fine flowered variety known as L. Dayana superba, which
appeared with Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, received a First-class
Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society on November 18th, 1879;
while a similar award was given to the type on January 17th, 1877, when
exhibited by Sir Trevor Lawrence.

The following are the references to descriptions and figures :—

Laxia Dayana, Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron., 1876, vi., p. 772; Orch. Album,
I, te 132.

Lelia pumila Dayana, Burbidge in Fl. Mag., 1877, t. 249; Belg. Hort.,
Xxx., p. 185, t. 10; Veitch Man. Orch., ii., p.. 79; Rolfe in Gard. Chron.,
1890, viii., p. 242; Gartenflora, Xxxix., p. 169, t. 1319, fig. I, 2.

Respecting the culture of this group Messrs. Veitch, in their Manual of
Orchidaceous Plants (11., p- 80), remark that they are best cultivated in
shallow pans that can be suspended near the roof glass, where they can
receive a maximum of light, and in a position where there is a considerable
Tange of temperature between the opposite seasons of the year. The small
quantity of compost sufficient for the plants to root in must at no time be
allowed to get dry, and during the growing season water must be liberally
supplied ; the higher temperature should then be maintained, taking care
not to let it sink below 55° Fahr. This treatment is evidently consonant,
as far as practicable, with the climatic conditions of the Pp ratively high
latitude from which they are brought, and the altitude at which they
occur in their native country.

+

LALIA JONGHEANA.

It is very curious how nearly this handsome species has been lost sight of
So rare is it that, although described nearly a quarter of a century ago
we have never seen a flower of it in any shape or form, and only one living
plant. Nor does any one appear to have again imported it, or even to know
its exact habitat. It is most allied to L. pumila, but has much larger
flowers, and is very distinct in other Tespects. It was described in 1872 by
Reichenbach, who remarked :—‘ Here you have a first-rank novelty. Ah!

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 279

Lelia majalis is degraded, Cattleya Mossia and labiata have—according to
my taste at least—a very dangerous rival. Imagine shining wood (sic),
small bulbs of darkest green, very shining, exceedingly thick, quite a leaf-
beauty; the flower as in Lzelia majalis, but of the most brilliant amethyst
colour, as bright as that of Vanda teres itself—the sepals narrow, the petals
very broad, a little crisp, the lip with pallid amethyst side laciniae—beautifully
crisp and denticulate ; seven high keels of darkest orange in the centre of
the lip; longer than the arched whitish column, and all veins of side
lacinie with radiating keels inside. The wonderful beauty of this grand
flower is based on its purest colours, and it makes the beholder think of that
little gem, Dendrobi D i , by the combination of amethyst,
yellow, and white. The violaceo-amethyst border of the wonderfully wavy
and denticulate lip adds the crowning beauty.

The plant has just flowered with MM. Thibaut & Keteleer, at Paris. I
have to thank M. Luddemann for it, that gentleman having sent it. ‘
I am informed that it was flowered some years ago, and had been sent to
me, but I never received it. Such a gem would not have been left
unpublished. The merit of its introduction is due to the excellent M. de
Jonghe, of Brussels. . . . It was discovered by his ill-fated traveller,
poor Libon, who fell a victim to his zeal in the Brazils. They both belonged
to the most ardent lovers of plants. If I mlstake not, I remember to have
seen the plant in 1856 with M. de Jonge. Libon praised it very highly, and
named it Brassavola Jonghei. Thus the plant may bear the name of M. de
Jonghe, in accordance with the wish of his young friend and zealous
collector, the late M. Libon, and my own. May M. de Jonghe look out
how many many Orchids would be capable to beat that one dedicated to
him.” (Gard. Chron., 1872, p. 425, fig. 128.)

In the following year it flowered in the establishment of Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, of Chelsea, and was figured in the Botanical Magazine
(t. 6038). A year later a figure of the plant which flowered wiley:
Luddemann was given in the Revue Horticole (1873, p- 291, with plate), and
in 1875 another appeared in the Floral Magazine (n.s., t. 177). These show
the plant to have a dwarf stout habit, both bulbs and leaves being stout,
oblong, and dark green in colour, while the flowers measure from four to
five inches across. The sepals, petals, and base of the lip are brilliant «id
amethyst purple, and the throat and centre, including the fine soe
keels, yellow. In front of this the colour passes into yellowish white, w hi e
the crisped margin is more or less suffused with purple ; not, however, nerd
a hard dark line, as shewn in the Gardeners’ Chronicle figure, but gradually

_ Shading off into the white of the centre. 2
~ Messrs. Veitch remarked in 1887 that it was now fortunately represented

: bee e like
1 several British collections, usually flowering in March, and we should li

280 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

to know if this is still the case, as it is a matter for regret that so little
should be known of so handsome a plant.

One hybrid from it has been raised, namely, the beautiful Lzlio-cattleya
X Baroness Schréder (Cattleya Triane @ X Lelia Jongheana 3), which
was raised in the rich collection at The Dell, Egham, and received a
First-class Certificate from the Royal Horticultural Society on August 23rd,
1892.

AN INTERESTING EXPERIMENT.

UnpeR this title we recorded at.page 180 an experiment which Mr. T. L.
Mead is making at his home in Oviedo, Florida, in raising seedling Orchids.
Mr. Mead now sends us a further note :—‘‘ The season has been a trying
one, with extremes of heat and wet and drought, and though my Orchid
eyrie in the live oak top promised great success in June, it was very difficult
to keep the compost in good condition during the hot muggy days of July.
Still, out of thirty-two crosses planted on a space of peat sixteen inches long
by twelve broad I obtained plants having first leaf of twenty-two of them—
mostly Cattleyas and Lzlias—though a good many died when it was neces-
sary to transplant them, on account of mould and alge threatening to swamp
the tiny plants. A single plant of Vanda ccerulea ¢ X V. Amesiana $
appeared, and is now showing its third leaf. This year I have repeated the
cross Bletia verecunda @ x Schomburgkia tibicinis ¢, and have several
plants in their first leaf, and also one or two of Bletia verecunda crossed
with our native Calopagon pulchellus.”

We shall be glad to hear from time to time of the progress of these
interesting experiments, as also of those which any other of our readers have
made.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CYPRIPEDIUM X SCHOFIELDIANUM.—Journ. of Hort., July 30, p- 10%
fig. 19. :

DENDROBIUM sPECIosISsimuM, Rolfe.—Gard. Mag., Aug. 15, P- 55%
with fig.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X ANDREANA.—Rev. Hort., July 16, p. 328, with
plate.

MILToNIA sp.—Gard. Chron., Aug. 8, pp: 158, 159, fig. 29. This is M.
flavescens, Lindl.

OpontocLossum GaLEOTTIANUM.—Gard. Chron., Aug. 8, p. 158; fig. 28.

SARCOCHILUS HAINANENSIS, Rolfe.—Bot. Mag., t. 7489.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 281
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR SEPTEMBER.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.

Iv the Cool Orchid house no warmth from the hot water pipes should be
required this month. Ventilate freely both night and day, and keep the
temperature as low as possible ; at the same time keep up plenty of moisture
by damping down several times during the day. The cool night air is a
great invigorator, and the plants enjoy it. If healthy, robust growth is
desired, fresh air, and plenty of it, must not be denied.

This is, so far as Orchid flowers are concerned, a very ‘dull season. To
an enthusiastic grower, however, flowers alone are not the only pleasing
feature. To my mind the sight of the plants growing so freely at this
season fully compensates for the lack of bloom. If previous instructions
have been followed, the latter happy state of affairs will now exist; for at
no time of the year do Cool Orchids grow so freely as at this season.

But although flowers are scarce, there are still a few to be had. For
instance : the genus Oncidium is sure to be represented, no matter at what
time of the year. One very pretty and useful species flowering now is O.
obryzatum ; its long and many-branched spikes carrying an enormous
quantity of pretty little flowers ofa golden yellow colour, spotted with light
brown. Such spikes of bloom are very graceful, and produce a lovely effect.
This species is of easy culture, growing well either in pots or in baskets. If
Tepotting is desirable, let it be done when new growths and roots are
pushing. It is best removed to the Intermediate house during winter.
Another exquisite little species is now in bloom in the form of O. Gardneri.
It is not one lending itself very readily to cultivation; hence its scarcity.
I find generally that it grows best in the coolest house, except, perhaps, for
a short time during winter, when it mostly happens that it is forming new
growth, necessitating, of course, the warmth of the Intermediate House.
It is essential that it should be grown in small pans or baskets, and sus-
pended. O. pilop (O. Saintlegeri is another species now in
bloom, which promises to become a very pretty addition when more fully
established. In fact, it is very pretty already; the large yellow labellum
showing up the prominent violet-coloured crest very effectively. It appears
to be of easy culture, growing well in the coolest house, in either pans or
baskets. - i

In this department a good many spikes will now be making their
appearance, which will bloom later on in the autumn and winter months.
Amongst them may be noted such fine things as Oncidium crispum, O.
Forbesii, O. ornithorhynchum, O. tigrinum, and O. varicosum. Also
Odontoglossum Edwardi, and O. ramossissimum. All should be carefully
Suarded against injury from the various troublesome pests. Tobacco

282 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

powder rubbed on to the tender young spikes is a capital protection against
most insects, and even slugs do not care to travel over it. The latter
should be diligently sought for at night, and killed. A scooped-out potato
is, I think, still the very best kind of trap in which to catch the greatest
variety of pests, including slugs.

If any of these Cool Orchids still require attention in the matter of
repotting or top-dressing, no time must now be lost. As I have said before,
I never recommend repotting Orchids later than this month. It is best
to err on the safest side. In some localities I admit it can be done with
impunity,.even throughout the winter months, but that is where the air is
clear, and consequently the light is good. In other places sunlight during
the winter months is a rare commodity, and it is in such places where the
greatest difficulties applying to cultivation occur.

In the Mexican house, also, very little assistance from the hot water
pipes will be required this month, unless the nights, or even the days, be
unduly cold, when it is certainly by far the best and wisest plan to have a
little warmth in the pipes, so that the ventilation need not be entirely
closed. Nothing is more hurtful to Mexican Orchids than a stagnant
atmosphere, and if a house is shut up close, without fire heat, ‘it is
absolutely sure to become so. It is better, then, to have slight warmth in
the pipes with ventilation, and the thermometer ranging at night about 60°,
a little more or less. In this house, flower spikes of Lelia anceps, L.
Gouldiana, and others of the same type will now be showing in quantities.
Let them have exactly the same kind of treatment in all respects as
previously advised—viz., watering them when dry only, keeping them near
the light, and giving them the full sun, and an abundance of air in favour-
able weather. It is best, perhaps, now to discontinue syringing overhead
at night, doing it only the first thing in the morning ; otherwise a few spikes
may be lost through damping. Cattleyas of the Warscewiczii and Warneri
sections should also receive similar treatment in this department, for if
they remain now in a warm and moister place there is great danger of their
starting a second growth.

I find that the general conditions of the Mexican house suits Burling-
tonias better than any other. This is a genus that is seldom seen growing
well for any length of time, and it seems to me that the cause is their not
being grown sufficiently hardy. What is more sweetly delicate and lovely
than a well-grown and flowered plant of Burlingtonia fragrans ? but it is a
sight rarely seen. It always grows freely when first imported, and also
blooms well the first year ; after which it slowly but surely becomes smaller
and weaker, until it finally disappears. I would advise growers who have
hitherto been unsuccessful to try it suspended in this department in full sun,
keeping it syringed during the growing season. In reality it seems to require

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 283

but little attention ; baskets or pans are the best receptacles, in which the
plants should be fixed firmly, in the usual compost of peat and sphagnum
moss. Such treatment is also to be preferred for the short-bulbed Cattleyas,
such as C. nobilior, C. Schilleriana, C. Walkeriana, and C. citrina.

Pleiones are now fast swelling up their new pseudobulbs, and must be
given the lightest and airiest place in the house. Still give them a liberal
supply of water, as the pseudobulbs will still continue to enlarge until the
foliage turns yellow, and drops off; even after that it is a mistake to let
Pleiones get too dry.

The Cattleya house will alse require a little assistance from the hot
water pipes when the weather is cold, maintaining a night temp from
60° to 65°, with a circulation ofair. Let the plants now receive a larger
amount of light by reducing permanent shading, and by using the roller
blinds only occasionally when the sun is very bright. Twice daily will now
be sufficient for damping down the paths between the pots, &c., doing it
the first thing in the morning, and again about three or four o’clock in the
afternoon. Many of the inmates of this department will by this time have
almost completed their new growth; such as the earliest of the labiata
section of Cattleyas, like C. Triane and C. Schrcederz, whilst other later
kinds, such as C. Mossiz and C. Mendelii, together with Llia purpurata
and some few others, have still a good deal to do. If it be’ possible it is
best to place the former at the coolest and airiest part of the house, and the
latter at the warmest part. Of course, those kinds having finished their
growth will need less water at the root than others, but they should not at
present be kept too dry.

Lelias and Cattleyas newly imported at the end of summer do not
establish so readily as those arriving in spring. The latter start away
freely, and become firmly established during the summer, but those coming
at this date are slow to break, and when they do so result in weak and
spindly pseudobulbs. They therefore require careful handling. If it is
impossible to import some species at any other time, we must make the
best of them at this. They should be nicely potted up without delay, and
taken to their respective houses, and the compost should be kept just moist,
and also the i di so that shrivelling and an undue loss
of vitality is prevented before they start to grow. Those which show signs
of making new growth should at once be encouraged to do so, by being
given a little extra warmth and moisture, and by placing them at oe Same
time near the roof-glass, where they get the maximum amount of light. ;

Dendrobiums are also now rapidly finishing up new pseudobulbs. It is
Most essential that these Orchids have a complete rest during autumn =
winter, in a much cooler temperature than that in which they make ..
Stowth, Upon this much will depend in the successful cultivation of this

284 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

most beautiful and useful genus. Most of the various species of Dendro-
bium can be well managed in one structure when growing, but when resting
they are better for being separated, and placed in different houses.
Generally speaking, the spring flowering kinds, such as D. crassinode, D,
Wardianum, D. Falconeri, D. Devonianum, D. aureum (heterocarpum),
D. nobile, and many other species and hybrids which flower only after
resting, should, after completing their season’s growth, be removed to a
department offering similar conditions to the Mexican house, where they
should remain throughout the winter months. Upon their removal the
supply of water should gradually be lessened, and in a month or two’s time
a very little water indeed will be found necessary to keep the plants quite
plump and healthy. Such evergreen species as D. thyrsiflorum, D.
densiflorum, &c., should, if possible, be given a place even cooler than the
Mexican house. A cool greenhouse, for instance, where the temperature
sometimes falls as low as 40°, providing the root and the atmosphere is dry,
suits them well, as it also does D. Wardianum and the Thunias. On the
other hand there are a lot of Dendrobiums that will take harm if subjected
to a low temperature at any time, even when at rest. The chief amongst
these are D. Bensoni, D. Lowii, D. hyll D. gat

F PDAS

Dearii, D. Parishii, D. formosum, and all the D. Phalznopis section.
These would be seriously injured if allowed to become too cold. A
temperature ranging from 60° to 65° is a good one for them during the
winter months.

Such miscellaneous species as Mormodes, Catasetums, Cycnoches,
Coryanthes, Chysis, and Cyrtopodiums, as they complete their growth,
should be thoroughly well rested by being suspended in the lightest and
dryest part of the Cattleya or Mexican houses.

Leelio-cattleya x elegans is a most variable Orchid, and a good many of
its varieties are to be seen in flower at this time of the year. Although there
are so many different varieties, I have never yet seen one that could not be
called pretty, and worthy of its room. It should be grown at the warmest
end of the Cattleya house ; as should also C. Leopoldi, C. granulosa, and
C. elongata (Alexandra), likewise now in flower. Cattleya Dowiana aurea,
too, will be flowering this month. Take great care of this lovely and now
rather scarce species, and see that it does not rot at the flower spike after
the flowers are cut ; for, if so, the leaf, and the greater part of the pseudo-
bulb, will decay before it can be stopped. When this is so, it is a great
misfortune, for it has at all times a delicate constitution, and rarely is it
possible to again bring the same plants back to their former strong and
healthy condition. To avoid this, entirely remove the spike and the sheath,
and sprinkle on the wound a pinch of powdered charcoal, at the same time
placing the plants in a warm and dry position in the Cattleya house as thet

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 285

winter quarters. C, labiata is also very liable to rot in exactly the same
manner. This must not be mistaken for a disease ; it is simply caused by
the damp, and it can only be avoided by the usual methods adopted for
procuring a suitable atmosphere.

Such East Indian house Orchids as Aérides, Saccolabiums, Vandas,
Phalenopses, &c., must now have a trifle less water given them, and also
the amount of moisture in the atmosphere should be somewhat reduced.
They have now partially completed their season’s growth, and, like all other
kinds of Orchids, it is necessary to ripen and harden these also. But it
must be carefully done; species having no pseudobulbs are very easily
injured by extremes of treatment. All that is necessary, in addition to the
above, is to shade less, and give as much air as the outside conditions will
permit.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

AT the meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society held at the Drill Hall,
James Street, Westminster, on August 11th, there was a moderate display
of Orchids, which included several interesting exhibits, particularly a very
fine form of Cattleya x Hardyana, and a second hybrid from Cattleya
citrina.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), received
a First-class Certificate for Cattleya x Hardyana splendens, one of the
finest forms of this handsome hybrid yet seen, and exceedingly well grown.
Tbe flowers were large and well-formed, the sepals and petals most
_ bling C. W iczii, but the lip very dark purple-crimson, and
veined with deep yellow, as in C. Dowiana. He also sent cut examples of
Lelio-cattleya x elegans, a richly coloured form, L.-c. x elegans
Morreniana, and the rare L.-c. X Sedeni—the latter plant, we believe, not
being represented in any other collection.

I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell gr. Mr.
Chapman), received a Bronze Banksian Medal for a very interesting group,
including Lzelio-cattleya x Schilleriana, Cattleya Wasrcewiczii, the pretty
little orange-red Laelia monophylla, Oncidium longipes, Cypripedium x
Clinkaberryannum, C. Godefroyz, C. X Lachmee, C. X Charles Canham,
a fine plant of C. x th Selenipedi x grande, the remarkable
Pleurothallis scapha, Masdevallia Chimera, M. Barleana, M. amabilis,
several good forms of M. coccinea (Harryana), M. x Stella, M. guttulata,
M. Reichenbachiana, &c. A Botanical Certificate was given to the singular
little Scaphosepalum anchoriferum, a species formerly known as Masdevallia
anchorifera,

286 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Sir Frederick Wigan, Clare Lawn, East Sheen (gr. Mr. Young), received
an Award of Merit for Lzlio-cattleya x elegans Cawenbergiana, a hand-
some light-coloured form, with an inflorescence of nine large flowers. A
ten-flowered inflorescence of a fine dark form of L.-c. X elegans was also
sent from a plant bearing twenty-nine flowers.

C.I. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
received an Award of Merit for Lzlio-cattleya x Seraph, a very interesting
and pretty hybrid derived from L.-c. x elegans 2 and Cattleya citrina 3.
The pseudobulbs were dwarf and swollen about the middie, and the flower
erect, much resembling the pollen parent in shape, but smaller, and the
segments proportionately broader. The sepals and petals were light yellow,
tinged with green, and the front lobe of the lip crimson-purple. Th:
influence of the pollen parent was less marked than in C. X_ citrino-
intermedia.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook),
exhibited a very fine Cattleya Gaskelliana alba, the flower very large and
pure in colour, and the handsome C. x Kienastiana (C. Lueddemanniana
g xX C. Dowiana $).

Sir William Marriott, Down House, Blandford, showed Cattleya X
Marriottie, a very pretty hybrid, derived from C. Eldorado and C.
Warscewiezii, the latter presumably the pollen parent. It bore an in-
florescence of five flowers, most resembling C. Eldorado, but the segments
broader and a little darker.

A. H. Milton, Esq., White Ladies’ Road, Clifton, showed a curiously
striped form of Cattleya Gaskelli and a fl of
Cattleya Loddigesii.

Pantia Ralli, Esq., Ashstead Park, Epsom, showed a very good form of
Odontoglossum aspidorhinum, and cut examples of a pretty purple Sobralia,
something like S. Lowii.

A. Singleton, Esq., Jed guess le- Frith, sent an inflorescence of Lelia
crispa, and Cypripedium x Singl said to be derived from C. X
vexillarium and C. barbatum eS

Reginald Young, Esq., Frigilla, Linnet Lane, Sefton Park, Liverpool,
sent good cut examples of Cattleya velutina, Lalia crispa Buchaniana,
Lelio-cattleya x elegans Turneri, and L.-c. x e. Houtteana.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, staged a very pretty little groups
containing Cattleya Eldorado Wallisii, Lelio-cattleya x elegans Turner,
two good plants of Sobralia xantholeuca, Phaius Humblotii, the pretty
dwarf Spathoglottis eters daca Miltonia vexillaria, the pet
Trichopilia brevis, Dend and Eriaacervata. An A’
of Merit was given to a vey fine Cypripedium called C. x Excelsior vat
Mars, derived from C. x } and C. Rothschild

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 287

At the meeting held on August 25th Orchids were exhibited in moderate
numbers, being about the average for this time of the year, and several of
the exhibits received awards.

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, S. Woodford, Essex (gr. Mr.
Davis) received a Silver Flora Medal for a fine group of well-grown plants,
including the handsome Leelio-cattleya x Fowleri, L.-c. X Aurora var.
Vedasti, L.-c. X elegans, some good Cattleya Dowiana, C. Eldorado, the
white C. E. Wallisii, and C. Loddigesii, the handsome Pachystoma Thom-
sonianum with several spikes, the rare and pretty Renanthera matutina,
Cycnoches chlorochilon, Catasetum Bungerothii, the curious Stanhopea

calceolus, Odontoglossum tripudians, D a good

plant of Cypripedium Lawrenceanum Hyeanum, and others.

The President, Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford, Dorking (gr. Mr.
White), sent a number of interesting things, including well-bloomed plants
of Epidendrum alatum and E. Fournierianum, good plants of Cypripedium
X euryandrum, C. x th and C. X Harrisi superbum, a fine
spike of Rhynchostylis retusa, cut flowers of Maxillaria fucata, and a plant
of Eria stellata with several racemes. Well-grown plants of Habenaria
carnea and its variety nivosa received a Cultural Commendation.

The Hon. Walter Rothschild, Tring Park (gr. Mr. Hill), sent three
interesting plants, to each of which an award was given. These were Mil-
tonia Schreederiana major, a handsome form with flowers larger than in the
type, which received an Award of Merit; an unnamed Bulbophyllum from
Borneo, allied to the Himalayan B. striatum, Rchb. f., with glossy light
yellowish brown, delicately striped flowers, a Botanical Certificate ; and
Cycnoches maculatum with a long pendulous raceme of male flowers, an
Award of Merit. The latter is described at page 228 of our last number. "

Major Joicey, Sunningdale Park (gr. Mr. Thorne), staged several fine
things, including the pretty little Od real pid chi with four
spikes, the handsome Anguloa eburnea, Stanhopea Lowii var. Amesiana,
Cattleya Leopoldi, and an unnamed species of Warscewiczella. The three
following each received an Award of Merit :—Lelia monophylla avin large
flowers, one of the spikes bearing two blooms, a good plant of Stanhopea
eburnea, and Miltonia candida grandiflora, a very fine form with three

spikes. =
Col. Brymer, Ilsington House, Dorchester (gr. Mr. Powell), ean
the handsome Leelio-cattleya X Brymeriana (L.-c. X amanda @ X Cattleya

Paes ? | vhich a First-
Warscewiczii 3 ), bearing a strong raceme of five flowers, to which

class Certificate was given.

T. B. Haywood, Esq., Woodhatch, Reigate (gr. Mr
an Award of Merit for Coelogyne Micholitzii, a handsome
Speciosa.

. Salter), received
thing allied to C.

288 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

W. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone (gr. Mr. Stevens), received
a Cultural Commendation for a splendid plant of Leelio-cattleya x elegans
var. Cawenbergiana with two spikes, and an Award of Merit for a very fine
plant of Dendrobium longicornu, covered with its pretty white and orange
flowers. He also sent a large and prettily-blotched form of Odontoglossum
crispum.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester, sent the handsome
Cypripedium X Excelsior (C. Rothschildianum ¢ x C. X Harrisianum ¢),
and handsome forms of Leelio-cattleya x elegans and L.-c. X Schilleriana.

Reginald Young, Esq., Fringilla, Linnet Lane, Sefton Park, Liverpool
gr. Mr. Poyntz), sent Cypripedium x Ashburtonia expansum, the form
raised by Mr. Cookson ; and C. X Atropos, a small and brightly-coloured
hybrid derived from the last-named crossed with C. purpuratum, It was
described at page 292 of our last volume.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton Nursery, staged a fine group, to
which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It included some well-fowered
plants of Dendrobi Phalznopsis and D. formosum, good specimens of
Rhynchostylis ccelestis and Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, Lzelio-cattleya X
elegans Turneri,.L.-c. X Schilleriana and its beautiful variety Wolstenholmie,
Cyenoches chlorochilon, Cypripedium Charlesworthii, and others. A
Botanical Certificate was given to Catasetum callosum.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, exhibited a fine form 0
Lelio-cattleya x Clonia (Cattleya Warcewiczii @ X L.-c. X elegans
Turneri 3).

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, showed a fine plant of
Brassia brachiata.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, showed the handsome Laelio-
cattleya x Gottoiana, a natural hybrid between Cattleya Warneri and Laelia
tenebrosa.

Mr. J. W. Moore, Bradford, showed an undeveloped species of
Cymbidium of the C, pendulum group.

++

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

F. J. Le MoyYNE.—Sobralia not recognised from description. A better way is to take
the flower while fresh, carefully remove the lip and one sepal and petal, then press -
whole flower for a few days in blotting paper. The shape and colours are beautifully
preserved by this process, and the species can easily be recognised.

C. STOLDT.—Lallia xanthina.

W. H. A, Blackburn.—A good form of Cattleya Leopoldi.

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the best varieties have been kept. The same course has been persued with the
Seedlings, the inferior varieties having been disposed of in various ways.

A Catalogue of all the species, varieties, and named PICs also plants with
seeds on them not visibly germinating, is in course of preparation, and will be for-
warded at an early date.

lication.
LVon-Customers can have a Catalogue on applicatio

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VOL. 1V.] OCTOBER, 1896. [No. 46.

NOTES,

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during October, on the 13th and 27th
respectively, when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of
12 o’clock noon.

We learn that Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., of the Clapham Nursery, have
acquired the entire collection of Orchids belonging to the late Mr. F. G.
Tautz, of Dibdin House, Hanger Hill, Ealing. It consists for the most
part of unflowered seedlings of Cypripedium, fully a thousand plants, and as
Mr. Tautz was an enthusiastic hybridist it is anticipated that some good
things will be found as they come into flower. Among named forms,
Cypripedium X Cowleyanum, C. X Mrs. Tautz, and C. x Nandii may be
mentioned, :

It is exceptional for Miltonia spectabilis to produce two-flowered scapes,
but a plant of the variety Moreliana, in the collection of John W. Arkle,
Esq., West Derby, Liverpool, has just produced one. It is one of a few
imported about a year ago, and the only one that will flower this season.

An unusually large form of Cattleya Leopoldi has appeared in the
collection of H. B. Boardman, Esq., Thornleigh, Burton, Westmoreland,
in which the flowers measure over 5} inches across the petals, all the
parts being correspondingly well developed. The raceme bears thirteen
flowers. It flowered out of Messrs. John Cowan & Co.'s importations.

We learn that an albino of Lelia prestans has appeared in the collec-
tion of D. BL Rappart, Esq., Liscard, Cheshire, as an imported plant.
Sepals, petals, and lip are all pure white, with only the.addition of a trace

290 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
of yellow in the throat. L. prestans alba approaches the nearest to this

condition of any form we have yet seen, but this has some purple on
the lip.

Another form of Cattleya Lueddemanniana has flowered in the same
collection, this one being of great size, as the flower sent measures 9} inches
in diameter across the petals. The latter are 2% inches broad, and the
front lobe of the lip a little narrower.

Several beautiful flowers have been sent from the collection of T.
Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester, by Mr. Johnson,
including Leelio-cattleya x Nysa superba, with very richly coloured lip,
L.-c. X elegans blenheimensis, and three varieties of the beautiful Dendro-
bium Phalenopsis, all of them very useful autumn flowering things.

Some little difference occurs in the colour of the markings on the lip of
Dendrobium formosum, and this is very marked in two flowers sent from
the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., of Sefton Park, Liverpool, one of
them having the disc chrome yellow, and the other distinctly orange,
forming a striking contrast.

Other beautiful flowers from the same collection are Vanda Sanderiana,
Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, a fine flower of Cyprip' x Youngi
the uppermost and smallest of a spike of three, the pretty little Lelia
Lucasiana, and a good form of Lzlio-cattleya x Schilleriana.

a: x

We have received from Messrs. Charlesworth & Co. the Catalogue of
the Selly Hill collection of Orchids, which they are now offering for sale,
comprising over two thousand lots. It comprises all but the unflowered
seedlings, and plants with seedlings growing on the pots, which will be
included in a later catalogue. We note, however, many plants with seeds
sown on the pots not yet visibly germinating, and others carrying seed-pods
of which the parentage is given. On plants of Sophronitis grandiflora, for
example, there are seed-pods representing crosses with Cattleya Gaskelliana,
C. labiata, C. Loddigesii, C. maxima, Lelia Dayana, L. harpophylla, and
Epidendrum x Endresio-Wallisii. The Catalogue contains a large number
of choice things.

A fine flower of Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana has been sent from the
collection of W. S. M’Millan, Esq., of Maghull, near Liverpool. The
sepals and petals are very dark, and the lip 2% inches broad.

_With respect to the seedling Vanda, mentioned at page 280, Mr. Mead
writes that he now suspects the plant may have come from a seed of some

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 291

other genus which has got in among the Vanda seeds in some way—a
kind of accident with which most hybridists will be familiar.

A very curious flower of Cypripedium Charlesworthii has appeared in
the establishment of Messrs. Hurst and Son, Burbage Nurseries, Hinckley.
The dorsal sepal is absent, or, rather, it may be described as united to the
lower one, for the single sepal present is underneath the lip, and has the
appearance of the dorsal sepal divided, and half of it united to either side
of the lower one, each organ retaining its own distinctive colouring. The
two petals are united into a single erect one, thus taking the place of the
dorsal sepal, while the fertile anthers are either absent, or united with the
staminode, which itself is only represented as a single white tooth. The lip
and stigma are normal.

A curious proliferous growth of Epidendrum cochleatum has also
appeared in the same collection. It appears at the base of the pseudobulb,
and quickly divides into two small, almost seedling-like shoots, from
which roots have begun to push. It looks very different from an ordinary
growth, but it is difficult to suggest any reason for the peculiarity.

EPIDENDRUM OSMANTHUM.

Tuts is one of the hand Epidend of the Encyclium group, and
is now flowering freely in collections, though under other names. It is a
native of Brazil, end was described in 1881 by Rodrigues (Gen. e# Sp. Orch.
nov. ii. p. 134). The author remarks that it grows in the sages ee
Casa de Pedra, in the province of Minas Geraes, flowering in os septa
the flowers being very aromatic. In 1891 Messrs. F. Sander and Co. te
duced some plants from the Pernambuco district, and the original na
being overlooked, the plant was re-described under the name of E.G >
anum (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1892, xix, p+ 136), and still later a5,
Capartianum (L. Lind. in Lindenia, VIL., t- 333). The identity o!
°smanthum with these later forms was only recently Lomas eee
‘xamination of M. Barbosa Rodrigeuz’s original drawings, ine et ince
‘coloured sketch of a single flower, and, of course, the ae oa large
be retained. The flowers are about 1} inches across, a a Gedook
Panicles, the sepals and petals being light, greens or a he gastaile
herved with light brown, and the lip white, with some a Saki
lines on the front lobe. It is allied to E. atropurpureum, ?

NOW pretty well known as a useful autumn-flowering species: R. A. R.

292 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
CATASETUM BUNGEROTHII,
A PLANT of Catasetum Bungerothii in the establisl of Messrs. F.
Sander and Co., St. Alban’s, has produced a spike of three flowers which are
in a transition state between the sexes. The lower flower is nearly a female,
but the saccate lip has in addition the broad white membranaceous margin
of the male and the column is also beaked. The second flower is nearly a
male, but the lip has a sac three-quarters of an inch deep, instead of being
simply concave ; while in the third flower the sac is still smaller. In each
case the sac is fleshy, as in the female flower. It is a very curious example.
Ro Ate

DIES ORCHIDIANZ&,

Last month I alluded to Cattleya x Hardyana (p. 264), and I even
mentioned a “ batch of home-raised seedlings” as among the possibilities
of the future ; but little did I suspect that at that very moment home-raised
seedlings were actually expanding their magnificent blooms on the banks
of the Tyne. Such, however, was the fact, and a few days later they
appeared in all their glory at the Drill Hall. There were two plants, cne
bearing a single flower, the other a raceme of two, but unquestionably
Hardyana ; home-raised, obtained by crossing Cattleya Dowiana aurea with
the pollen of C. Warscewiczii Just nine years ago. Mr. Cookson and his able
gardener took that lesson about Cattleya x Hardyana to heart at a time
when Mr. Hardy might have obtained. a record price for his handsome
novelty, and set about obtaining it for themselves. And they have succeeded,
as all the world now knows. There will be no need to speak of Cattleya X
Hardyana as a “ supposed ” natural hybrid in future, for its origin has been
proved by direct experiment, and if the result only confirms the opinion of
our most competent experts it is none the less interesting on that account.
Nothing short of actual demonstration was sufficient to set the question at
rest, for even as late as September 2nd a note appeared in Garden and Forest
(p- 354) that some forms of C. gigas “‘so nearly resemble C. Hardyana that
one feels disposed to look upon the latter as a sport simply from C. gigas.”
On the other hand, one form at least of C. x Hardyana has been ranked as
a variety of C. Dowiana, from which the utility of such experiments as the
present one will be apparent. Probably others will be heard of in future.

I have just dropped across a story entitled, ‘The flowering of the
ae ge Orchid,” which puts that of the “village of the demon flower”
quite into the shade, and I fear that my congratulations on the failure of
that expedition were a little Premature. It would appear that one Winter

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 293

Wedderburn was an enthusiastic amateur of Orchids, and, as need hardly
be explained, was in the habit of visiting the Sale Rooms where things new
and strange are sometimes to be found. One day, after a preliminary

to his I keeper that he felt as if something was about to
happen, he started out to attend a great sale of Orchids from India and the
Andaman Islands, the spoils of a collector who was never heard of again,
though, of course, his plants were. Nothing very important happened,
however, at least so it might appear to the casual observer, though he
secured the inevitable ‘‘ few dried sticks,” including the very one under
which the collector’s dead body was found, and these were deposited
lovingly on the dinner table, pro. tem., for the facts being detailed over the
soup nearly led te a contretemps, and the things had to be removed in
deference to the prejudices of the worthy housekeeper. Next day there
were great preparations for potting the new arrivals, which being duly
accomplished, they were placed in the Orchid house, and progress was
teported from time to time. Eventually all proved dead but the one afore-
mentioned, on which a new growth appeared. Nothing, however, would
reconcile the worthy housekeeper to it; it was enough that she saw the
“tentacles” gradually developing. In due time the buds appeared, and the
psychological moment was at hand when they would unfold their mysteries.
Our hero now sallied forth to inspect the wonder. It would at least bea new
Species, possibly a new genus. He entered the house. Could it be? Yes,
there were the strangely marked blossoms, and he inspected them eagerly.
They were scented, too. But what is this ?—a haze floated before his eyes,
his head began to swim, he swayed and—Had the sight been too much for
him ?

Dinner waited, but our hero came not. Had he not gone to inspect Gr
new Orchid? so our housekeeper wended her way in that direction. But
on opening the door what a sight met her view. There was our hero on
the floor, with the tentacles of the plant entwined around his prostrate
form. The brave woman rushed to the rescue. But the smell 1 Her
head, too, began to swim, and another catastrophe was ae
Quickly realising the situation she made a dash for the door, aa
fortunately teached in time, and with a suitable weapon the glass o "@
Structure was quickly demolished, allowing the smell to diffuse. Agar ASF
dashed to the scene of the tragedy, and this time succeeded in rr,
hero ftom the clutches of the monster, whose tentacles naturally ei
Considerable damage. The handy man now turned up, and the ve This
bore off to the house, where he was slowly nursed back to life ct
's the outline, and my readers can fill in the details for themselves
Please, should they fail to fall in with the original.

294 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Is not this the Orchid of the demon village seen from a somewhat nearer
standpoint? My readers will remember that the members of the expedition
were only able to view it from a respectful distance through their field-glasses,
and, under these circumstances, they might easily have overlooked the
tentacles. It is true that the Andaman Islands are not exactly in Brazil,
but with such a substantial agreement in the main facts one can easily
overlook a few discrepancies in detail. And here the matter must be left
for our experts to decide.

And now, joking apart, let me ask is it any wonder that the general
public entertain some remarkable notions about Orchids when such pre-
posterous absurdities and gross distorti of facts are put before them? A
phrase once applied to Orchids in a somewhat different sense may be
Tepeated here:—“It is high time such noxious superstitions were
dispersed.”

ARGUS.
~~

A SACRED ORCHID.

Mr. Cuartes Anpre, in Le Journal des Orchidées, gives an account of his
experiences when on a_ botanical expedition by the shores of the river
Amboan, which, though interesting to read when safe at home, gives a good
idea of the unexpected dangers often incurred by botanical collectors. M.
André was in search of Ccelogyne aspersa, and happened to be in a Dyak
hut when the natives were sorting rice preparatory to sowing it. In the
evening a noisy procession entered the hut and the females who were among
them laid with much ceremony large bouquets and garlands of the longed-
for Orchid on and around the stores of rice. Such was the quantity of
blooms that the perfume was So powerful as to drive the explorer out of the
house to spend the night in his boat. He afterwards heard that seed-time,
as well as harvest, is an important season to the natives, who are dependent
on their crops, and that he had witnessed rejoicings caused by the abundance
that year of the Ccelogyne asperata blooms, which were believed to herald
an equally fertile harvest. When, some time later, M. André returned to
the spot with, among other treasures, a load of the all-important Orchid he
found himself the subject of passionate grief and hatred, and that his only
chance of safety was in a generous distribution of money and tobacco
and a speedy flight. He had, in the opinion of the Dyaks, com-
mitted an act of sacrilege in gathering plants sacred to them, the lives
of which they believed were in some way connected with their own.—Gard.
Chron., 1890, viii., Pp. 566.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 295

RODRIGUEZIA PUBESCENS.

Tue history of this very handsome species, together with a figure of a very
beautiful specimen from the collection of R. Brooman White, Esq., of
Arddarroch, were given at page 337 of our first volume. The following
interesting note by Mr. E. O. Orpet, South Lancaster, U.S.A., appears in
Garden and Forest for August 26th (p. 348) :—

“This is one of the most beautiful of Orchids, considering the wealth of
bloom produced from comparatively small plants; the sprays are long,
arching gracefully, and the flowers are of the purest white, with a trace of
yellow on the lip. This plant is not new, it having been well known at the
time of its introduction, just fifty years ago, but like many other Orchids,
as, for example, Cattleya labiata, it became scarce after a time, and not
until the re-discovery of the Cattleya did this Rodriguezia appear again.
Both Orchids come from the same part of Brazil, Pernambuco. Our plant,
in a small pan, had twelve flower-spikes, and it was exceedingly pretty when
in bloom, but owing, probably, to the intense heat at the time, and the
amount of moisture present in the atmosphere, the flowers only lasted a few
days. They seem to be self-fertilising, as a number of the caps containing
the pollen were found on the bench under the plant, some at quite a
distance, as though they were forced off by some mechanical means, such
as those developed in Catasetum and other genera, and a day or two later
many of the seed-vessels began to swell. The flowers were evidently

impregnated without artificial aid, not common among Orchids, though there
It would be interesting to learn if

are well-known exceptions to the rule.
as I can

other cultivators have had the same experience with this Rodriguezia,
find no record of this in any work to which I have access. We find it best
grown in a pan or other open receptacle suspended in the warmest house
the roots are slender, and seem to avoid the compost of living moss as much
as possible, preferring to grow out and breathe in the moisture in the
It was tried among the Cattleyas for a time, for we thought
as it is found growing with them, but some
It evidently was not warm
armest house, where it has
like many more plants, it

atmosphere.
this ought to be the place for it,
of the young growths soon began to decay.
enough there, so it was taken back to the w
Prospered. When re-introduced into cultivation, n ;
was thought to be new, and was named afresh R. Lindeni, but it was
speedily located in published descriptions of the earlier part of the century,
and will henceforth, no doubt, be often seen in gardens.”

We do not remember to have observed that the flowers of this species
are self-fertilising, and should consider the occurrence as exceptional.

———

206 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ONCIDIUM PANDURATUM.

Tuis distinct and pretty Oncidium, which flowered in the collection of
Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking, in October, 1894, was again
exhibited at the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on September 8th
last. It is a native of New Granada, and was sent home by Mr. A. Millican,
with Odontoglossums, in 1891, and was described early in 1895 (Rolfe, in
Kew Bull., 1895, p. 9; Orch. Rev., III., p. 83). The species is allied to O.
bracteatum, Rchb. f., and O. anthocrene, Rchb. f., but has smaller flowers,
which are borne in a narrow panicle about two feet long. The sepals and
petals are deep chestnut-brown with crisped-undulate narrow yellow
margins, and the lobes of the small pandurate lip are bright yellow, with a
shining brown disc. The column is without wings. It has much of the
habit of an Odontogl and the pseudobulbs have some broad blackish
bars at the base. It is a very distinct species, and at present we do not
know of its existence in any other collection.

THE HYBRIDIST.
L&Lio-cATTLEYA X BRYAN.
Tuis is a handsome hybrid raised in the collection of Norman C. Cookson,
Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, from Cattleya Gaskelliana ¢ and Laelia
crispa ¢, to which an Award of Merit was given on September 8th last by
the Royal Horticultural Society. It is comparable with L.-c. X exoniensis,
but the front lobe of the lip is of a nearly uniform crimson-purple, except
for the paler much-crisped margin, as in the Cattleya parent. On the
whole it most resembles the last-named, the sepals and petals being light
Tosy-purple ; but in the shape of the lip, the yellow throat, and the shape of
the segments, the influence of Lelia crispa is distinctly seen. It is a large
and handsome hybrid, the petals measuring over 13 inches broad. It is
one of the many fine things raised by Mr. Murray.
: CypripepIuM X ROTHWELLIANUM.

A distinct and very pretty hybrid between Cypripedium Argus ? and
C. Stonei ¢ was exhibited by Messrs. F. Sander & Co. at the Royal Horti-
cultural Society’s meeting on September 8th last, under the above name
It bore a raceme of two flowers, which well combined the characters of the
two parents. In general shape it may be compared with one or two others
of the Morganiz type, the characters of C. Stonei being most apparent.
The dorsal sepal is greenish-white, delicately lined with faint purplish lines,
the petals somewhat similar in the ground colour, with several dark brown
blotches, and the front of the lip of a teddish-pink tinge. The shape is
good, the ground colour clean, and the blotches, on the petals, derived from
C. Argus, set the flower off to advantage. It is a very promising thing:

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 297

CATTLEYA X EUPHRASIA.

Another handsome hybrid raised in the establishment of Messrs. James
Veitch & Sons, from Cattleya Warscewiczii ¢ and C. superba 3, to which
an Award of Merit was given by the Royal Horticultural Society on Sep-
tember 8th last. The flower is of good form and substance, and most like
the seed parent in general character. The sepals and petals are bright rose-
purple, and the lip subentire, rich crimson-purple in front, the throat
nearly white, with a pair of light yellow blotches at the sides, and some
reddish nerves towards the base of the disc. The features of C. superba
are less prominent than might have been expected.

CYPRIPEDIUM x CALCEOLUS-MACRANTHOS.

ALL the natural hybrids of the genus Cypripedium from tropical regions
which have hitherto appeared have been described in our pages, and it will
therefore be interesting to add an account which appeared some time ago
of the single example known from temperate regions :—

“The appearance of a genuine natural hybrid in the genus Cypripedium
is a matter of considerable interest, as until quite recently no single example
was known, notwithstanding the facility with which they can be raised in
gardens by artificial means. Few of the species grow together in a wild
State, however, so that few opportunities occur for the flowers to be cross-
fertilised by insects. C. Calceolus and C. macranthos are both natives of
Siberia, and we now know not only that they grow intermixed, but that they
may be cross-fertilised. M. Barbey, of Geneva, has recently published an
account of a natural hybrid between them, and given an excellent coloured
Plate of it, together with its two parents. About ten years ago the Jate
M. Edmond Boissier obtained a batch of plants of C. macranthos, which
were planted on the rockwork of the garden at Valleyres. After several
seasons they flowered, and among them appeared not only macranthos, but
C. Calceolus, and a third form, quite intermediate in character, which, after
careful examination, M. Barbey was convinced was a natural hybrid etree
them. It appears that in the Birch forests of Western Siberia, whence a
Plants were obtained, these two species occur indiscriminately intermix .
The plate amply proves M. Barbey’s contention, as the Ae is a.
mediate in every respect, just as in the multitude of artifici om in
examined. The flower is smaller than C. macranthos, — a
colour, the dorsal sepal narrower, more acute, and shaded = ee
Petals longer, and twisted; the lip intermediate, but slightly = si
C. macranthos ; and the staminode and lower sepal a ri fads
Mediate. It is not only extremely interesting, but decidedly Z

Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1892, Xi P- 394+

298 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
CATTLEYA x HARDYANA.

ANOTHER natural hybrid must be added to the list of those whose parentage
has been proved by experiment, namely, the handsome Cattleya x
Hardyana. Two artificially raised plants were exhibited at the meeting of
the Royal Horticultural Society on September 8th, from the collection of
Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, and, needless to
say, attracted a good deal of attention. These, Mr. Murray states, were
obtained by crossing Cattleya Dowiana aurea with the pollen of C. Warsce-
wiczii (gigas), the cross being made in August, 1887, the seed sown twelve
months later, and the first flowers expanding in August of the present year, the
plants thus being eight years old. One of them bore a single flower, and
the other a spike of two, which were quite identical with some forms of the
wild plants. The sepals and petals are rosy purple, most resembling those
of C. Warscewiczii ; the front lobe of the lip rich crimson-purple, and very
undulate ; the disc bearing some of the characteristic golden veining of C.
Dowiana, while on the sides of the throat are two deep yellow blotches. It
is a very interesting matter to have the parentage thus confirmed, and as there
are additional seedlings of the same batch which have not yet reached the
flowering stage, it will be curious to watch whether any of them prove more
like the seed parent than the two above-named. Possibly some one may
have tried the reverse cross, and whenever the plants flower it will be
interesting to note the result. Probably some of the choice white varieties
will in due time appear, and in any case the present example is sure to lead
to renewed efforts to obtain them artificially. Whether they are more
likely to result from the reverse cross, or whether they appear exceptionally
as single individuals among batches of the coloured forms is at present
quite uncertain ; meantime, however, we may note that in the present
examples the flowers most resemble the pollen parent in colour.

AN AMATEUR’S NOTES.

THE dull season is now about over, and the usual autumn-flowering species
are rapidly putting in an appearance. Even such autumn flowerers a
Cattleya labiata and C. Bowringiana have some buds now well advanced;
and having grown so well during the past summer, will soon make a supe
display. The same may be said of Cypripedium insigne—indeed, @ flower
on a very forward plant has already expanded. The two Cattleyas of this
Particular season are C. Dowiana and C. x Hardyana. Both are superb,
and I am never tired of admiring their beauty. Several of the former, how-
ever, are still in bud, and the display will be finer in a week or two.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. , 299

elongata has also put in an appearance, and is very pretty, though not yet
equal to what we were led to expect. Lelia Dayana is still good, and the
pretty little orange-coloured L. monophylla is just now very attractive,
while Lelio-cattleya x elegans and L.-c. x Schilleriana are not yet over.
They have been very good this season.

Oncidiums are always to the front in the autumn, and the species of the
O.crispum group are now very gay. There is O. crispum itself, with a
great panicle of its large and handsome brown flowers, with a little yellow
on the lip; the equally brilliant O. Marshallianum, in which the yellow as
strongly predominates; the handsome O. Forbesii ; the clear yellow O.
concolor, which, as well as O. Marshallianum, is even better in June; the
pretty white and purple O. incurvum with its large panicles of flowers, O.
ornithorhynchum with much branched panicles of light-purple flowers, O.
cesium, the graceful O. flexuosum; O. obryzatum, the handsome O. sar-
codes; and O. micropogon with the lip prettily fringed in the middle.
There is something so light and graceful about the Oncidiums that they
amply repay any additional attention paid to them. Even Oncidium
Papilio, which seems to have no particular season of flowering, is just now
bearing several of its remarkable flowers. Odontoglossum grande is another
of the showy plants of this season, which no collection is complete without,
while in'the same house O. Harryanum, Miltonia candida, Cochlioda
vulcanica, and Trichopilia fragrans are very attractive. Miltonia spectabilis
Moreliana is still making a good show. i

I think that without exception Vanda ccerulea is the most beautiful
Orchid now in flower in the Cool house. Its flowers are so large, so
beautifully reticulated with two shades of lilac-blue, quite unlike anything
else, and so gracefully arranged in a noble raceme, that it is scarcely
equalled at any season, and Mr. Woodall has shown that the character
which some give it of being a bad grower is largely due to REEODES:
treatment. Near it stands a plant of the good old Zygopetalum aE
medium with its bold racemes of handsome and very fragrant shales * fs
too, is unsurpassed of its kind. Other good things now flowering eely
here are the handsome Ccelogyne ocellata, Ep dend P
Restrepia maculata, Masdevallias bella, Carderi, macrura, and —
bachiana, which make an interesting variety. A few flowers of the
charming little Pleione Wallichiana are also — :

i in flower,
igen genoa screenees oa
beautiful display. There is a good deal of variation in — oe ae
the light forms are especially charming. It is a capital t ing Sea
both on account of its long stalked racemes, and for “the time es
keep fresh in water. D. bigibbum is very good, and its dark purple

rst and foremost

P

300 THE ORCHID REVIEW

contrast effectively with the lighter colours of the preceding. The yellow
D. chrysanthemum must also be mentioned as flowering freely, and the
handsome D. formosum. Then there is the pretty little Cypripedium
Charlesworthii, the gem of the gems, C. tonsum, an early flower or two of
C. purpuratum and C. Spicerianum, C. Stonei, the pretty little C. x
cenanthum, C. Xx politum, C. X Ashburtoniz, and a number of other
hybrids which invariably make a good dispiay at this season. Selenipedium
X Sedeni, and others of the group, are also very good just now. The
principal remaining Orchids in flower in this house are some good trusses
of Vanda suavis, the pretty little Angraccum Scottianum, and some plants
of Phalznopsis Esmeralda, P. rosea, and P. violacea.

The plants generally have made very good growths this season, partly
on account of the large amount of sunshine and the abundance of air which
it has been necessary to give, and almost everything promises a good
display of flowers at the proper season. There can be no doubt that most
Orchids like plenty of light and air, and with a due attention to shading and
damping down they succeed better than in cold, wet, and comparatively
sunless years.

AMATEUR.

CYPRIPEDIUM x HARRISIANUM VIRESCENS.

THE freaks. of Cypripedium x Dauthieri have been recorded in our
columns, and at page 239 of our August number a case of sporting in
C. X Harrisianum, which led to an action at law, was noted. We have
now another case to record. Cypripedium x Harrisianum virescens is 2
green variety, which was described at page 235 of our second volume, from
a plant in the collection of H. Little, Esq., of Twickenham, and 4
year later from another which appeared with M. Peeters, of Brussels (supra
III., p. 296). Mr. Little’s plant passed into the collection of R. I. Measures,
Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell, a small piece being retained by
Mr. Little. This has now flowered as an ordinary light form of C. X
Harrisianum, and suggests the probability that it originated as a sport and
has now reverted back again. This point about its history has never been
cleared up. Mr. Little Temarks that when he obtained the plant it was
potted in loam and was rather starved, but it is now in peat. Whether
these facts had anything to do with the plant’s peculiarities we cannot say
Tt would be interesting to learn the behaviour of Mr. Measures’ plant.
Also to know how and when the variety originally appeared. The future
behaviour of these plants will be watched with some curiosity.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. jot
CYPRIPEDIUM x THAYERIANUM.

“ HORTICULTURE is said to be progressive, and we venture to think that
botany or botanical nomenclature is also, and if the attempts constantly
made to classify and re-arrange the work of the hybridist are to be taken
seriously, ordinary cultivators will never be able to keep pace with the
progress. Cypripedium Boxallii has for nineteen years been generally
regarded as a well-marked variety of C. villosum. The flower is different
structurally, and there appears to be no evidence of forms merging into the
type species, but a late writer on the subject, Hansen in The Orchid
Hybrids, has suddenly decided that C. Boxallii must henceforth be con-
sidered the same as C. villosum, and a host of hybrids having the former
for one parent must then be considered as synonyms, and cultivators will
have to begin to learn over again the names of the plants they possess. C.
X Thayerianum is one of these; it is the result of a cross between C.
Lawrenceanum and what is known as C. Boxallii atratum, a dark form,
having the large flowers and rich wine colouring of C. Lawrenceanum, with
the high polish of C. Boxallii atratum over the whole surface of the flower,
Among hybrid Cypripediums it is considered one of the best, and it
improves each year in size and colouring, is of healthy vigorous growth, and
was raised by the Messrs. Sander, of St. Alban’s, England. It remains to be
seen whether Mr. Hansen’s many innovations will be generally accepted by
botanists, but from the cultivator’s standpoint it will make confusion worse
confounded. The above is only one of the many reforms suggested.”—
E. O. Orpet in Garden and Forest, August 26th, p. 348.

[This touches on a point which has been referred to us on two or three
different occasions, namely, whether Cypripedium Boxallii is a distinct
species or only a variety of C. villosum, and it opens the old question,
““What constitutes a species?” to which an answer was attempted at
page 266 of our last volume. Those who agree with the line of argument
there adopted will probably agree with us in regarding C. Boxallii as
distinct from C. villosum, at least as a sub-species, and not a mere variety.
We lave seen hundreds of plants of both, but never yet saw one of which
there could be any doubt to which it belonged. And there are several
spécies of Cypripedium which have been crossed with both Cc. villsart and
C: barbatum, and we believe that in every case the hybrids are distinct too.
Compare C. X Lathamianum and C. x Calypso, C. x Harrisianum and
C. x apicul Fein: i m and C. X Godseffianum, ‘for
example. It was not Mr. Hansen who first reduced C. Boxallii as a variety
of C. villosum, and even he has arranged the hybrids of les sd separately
in a supplementary note on pages 184-186, so hoes it is still —_— to oe
the respective hybrids of each from the work. Until it can be shown

302 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

these two plants pass into each other we feel justified in regarding them as
distinct. There are many cases of closely allied species of Orchids which
are yet distinct in the sense here indicated, and we have to investigate the
differences which occur in Nature rather than to point out how we would
have them to be.—Ep.]

ORCHIDS AT TWICKENHAM.

Amonc the interesting Orchids now in flower in the collection of H. Little,
Esq., The Barons, East Twickent is an dingly handsome form of
Cattleya x Hardyana, of the Massaiana or marmorata type. The sepals
and petals are beautifully marbled, and the latter veined with white ona
rose-coloured ground, the front lobe of the lip deep rich velvety crimson,
which extends round the side lobes as a: narrow margin, and the disc and
side lobes with the yellow blotches and golden veining almost as in C.
Dowiana aurea, forming a most harmonious blending of colour. The
raceme bears two flowers, which are quite intermediate in shape between
the two parents, and the sheath is six inches long. Side by side with it is
a form of C. Dowiana with a dark lip and no trace of the yellow blotches at
the sides, but the sepals and petals clear yellow. The sheath is 3} inches
long. About a dozen others are showing flower, and as one has a sheath as
long as in C. x Hardyana its development is being carefully watched.
C. labiata and C, Bowringiana are also showing for flower, and a few are
already bursting their sheaths. Cattleyas and Lzlias are generally strongly
represented in the collection. Five plants of Lelio-cattleya x Schilleriana
are carrying seven spikes of bloom, and two of L.-c. x elegans are still out,
but about a dozen are just over, including the handsome variety Littleana.
Five nice plants of Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana are just at their best, also
Vanda Kimballiana, while V. suavis, Dendrobium formosum, and D.
Phalzenopsis are making a good show. Among Cypripediums may be
mentioned several plants of C. Charlesworthii, C. tonsum, and C. t
superbum, C, Chamberlainianum, C. niveum, C. Haynaldianum, C. Stonei,
C. Spicerianum, with the inevitable hybrids, including C. x cenanthum
Superbum, X Crossianum, x politum, x supercili ~ phyllum
Polystigmaticum, x Laforcadii, x Mrs. Canham, x vexillarium, x Seegerianum,
Xapiculatum superbum. Those who grow these plants can rely upon having
some flowers throughout the year. A batch of Vanda Hookeriana
thriving splendidly in a low house close to the glass in full sunshine without
a particle of shading, which suggests a method of treatment for those who
fail to succeed with it, :

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 303
A SUMMER CAMP FOR ORCHIDS.

AN illustration of a Summer Camp for Orchids at Troy, New York, U.S.A.,
is given in the Gardeners’ Chronicle for September 19th last (p. 337, fig. 62),
together with the following note :—* In climates having more summer
warmth than the warmest parts of these islands, cultivators of Orchids find
it beneficial to these plants and other inmates of warm houses to place
them out of doors during the summer months, taking care not to expose
without shading plants liable to injury by direct sunshine, and to keep the
ground moist on or above which they are placed. Mr. A. Dimmock, of
Messrs. F. Sander & Co., The Nurseries, St. Albans, Herts, to whom our
thanks are due for the use of the photograph from which our illustration
(p. 337) was taken, sends us the following note :—‘About May 1st
A. R. Smith, Esq., removes all his plants from the houses into the open air,
and places them on wooden stages, where at all times they are surrounded
with pure air and ample shade from the trees. The collection includes
some magnificent specimens of Ccelogyne cristata hololeuca (three feet
across), and a quantity of small plants, fine examples of C. ocellata maxima
(about 100 plants), C. Massangeana, C. Sanderiana, C. flaccida, C. Dayana,
and others. Vandas and Aérides thrive well, and several may be noticed
in bloom. Cymbidium eburneum and C. Lowianum, &c., also make very
vigorous growths, and at the rear a fine lot of Cypripediums in bloom make
an extraordinary display. They all remain outside until the end of
September, and are afterwards removed to their winter quarters, and grown
comparatively cool, which enables the plants to pass through the excessive
winter months without any difficulty.’ ”

BOTANICAL ORCHIDS AT KEW.

Amonc the interesting Botanical Orchids flowering in the Kew collection
three species of Cycnoches may first be mentioned, the handsomely spotted
C. pentadactylon with its five-toothed lip, the striking Cc, Loddigesii, and
C. chlorochilon, the best-known species of the genus, in each case the
flowers being exclusively males. It is only occasionally that the females
occur. Another remarkable species of the same group is Mormodes
Cogniauxii, a recent addition to the genus. A collection of these plants
and the allied Catasetums would be extremely interesting. Oncidium
dichromum, which under its old name of Odontoglossum bicolor remained
a mystery for so many years, but which was eccreat sr fs -
is also flowering, but very weakly at present. ; :

Siven (supra, ie p- 363). Again, O. trulliferam and O. cesium, with

304 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ect ce

several of the better known kinds are out, with Od pterum,
a rare species allied to O. blandum. A good plant of the pretty little
Sigmatostalix radicans is bearing several racemes of flowers, which remind
one of some small white-lipped Oncidium. Trichocentrum Hartii and
Aspasia variegata are two other interesting plants belonging to the same
group. Several species of Epidendrum may also be mentioned, as E.
inversum, E. latilabre, the remarkable E. equitans, E. fragrans, and
is Spathogl Fortunei and S. plicata var. Micholitzii are
still in flower, also the handsome Stenoglottis longifolia, which was
mentioned two months ago. Another handsome terrestrial species is the
old Habenaria Susanne, of which a figure was given at page 209.
Dendrobium alpestre is.a very pretty little Himalayan species bearing
half-a-dozen graceful racemes of white with some purple on the lip. Other
members of the genus are D. bicameratum and D.| Bulbophyll
recurvum is a West African species with dense racemes of green flowers;
and Liparis cuneilabris, one of the few Australian species in cultivation.
Of the Pleurothallis group may be mentioned a specimen of P. pulchella
with many graceful spikes of light green flowers, and the pretty little
P. picta, also Stelis discolor, the pretty little hybrid Masdevallia x
M iana, Phalenopsis cornu-cervi, and Sarcanthus pallidas are flower”
ing well, the latter bearing a large branching panicle of numerous flowers.
Arachnanthe bilinguis, Xylobium scabrilingue, Isochilus linearis, Lycaste
phylla, and L. Schilleriana are the principal remaining ones flowering
at this season.

LALIO-CATTLEYA x CLIVE.

TuHIs very handsome hybrid was exhibited at the Royal Horticultural
Society’ssmeeting on September 8th last, and received a First-class
Certificate. It was raised in the collection of Norman C. Cookson, Esq-;
Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne, from Cattleya Dowiana ¢ and Lelia prestans
3, and was previously exhibited on September 12th, 1893, when it had not
reached its full development. The flowers now measure five inches from
tip to tip of the petals, which latter measure 13 inches broad, and with the
sepals are of a bright Tosy purple shade. The lip is large and very richly
coloured, the front lobe being two inches broad, beautifully crisped, and of
the richest deep velvety crimson-purple, with dull orange throat, and some
almost black nerves which extend on to the base of the front lobe, giving @
very rich effect. "On the whole it takes most after the Lzlia parent, but the
plant is more robust, and the flower enlarged, owing to the influence of the
other parent. It can best be compared with L.-c. x Ingramii, in whic
the allied Lelia Dayana was one of the parents.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 305
CORYANTHES MACULATA VAR. VITRINA.

Our present illustration represents the remarkable Coryanthes maculata

var. vitrina, Rolfe, which was described a little over a year ago (supra, iii.,

p: 240), on its appearance in the establishment of Messrs. Sander and
Co. It has now flowered in the collection of Dr. Hodgkinson, The Grange,

Wilmslow, Cheshire, to whom we are indebted for the photograph here

reproduced. The flowers are almost self-coloured, not spotted, as in the
type, the sepals and petals being light greenish-yellow, the hood and
column a little paler yellow, and the rest of the lip a semi-transparent
shade of very pale yellow with a slight dash of palest green. The name
was given in allusion to its glassy appearance. It was imported from
Central America. Dr. Hodgkinson remarks that on first opening it was

Fig. 15.—CORYANTHES MACULATA VAR. VITRINA.

; being e jed like a bat’s
a beautiful object, owing to the lower sepals being expande i like au
lled up and assumed the appearance

wings, but after a few hours these ro :
ig that of a ripe pear.

The odour is peculiar, beit

seen in the photograph.
i : the flowers are rather fleeting,

and as
Like their allies, the Stanhopeas,

iff cee gi salth, they are not s

the plants are often found difficult to keep long in hea :
i rchids are more remarkabD!

much grown as they might be, though no Orchids are more pees

1 are decidedly handsome, the beautiful C.

structure, and some, at least, ; ve
Dr. Hodgkinson remarks that he finds th

leucocorys, Rolfe, for example
orys, Rolfe, for example. aa
as they rapidly make new growt

plants soon die if grown in the stove,

}
ns

306 THE ORCHID REVIEW

before the previous ones have formed pseudobulbs. He therefore grows
them in a cooler and brighter house with the Mexican Lelias, and here
they do well. The peculiar conditions under which they grow have been
pointed out by different observers, and a very interesting account by Mr.
James Rodway was reproduced at page 41 of our last volume, together with
a figure showing a plant of C. macrantha in flower in its native habitat.
It is interesting to glance at this picture and remember that in the mass of
fibrous roots a garrison of carnivorous ants is almost invariably found.
There they make their nest, and in return for the shelter provided they
defend the plant against the attacks of cockroaches and other insect
enemies. Other plants sometimes take advantage of this protection, and
Mr. Rodway records one clump containing two distinct species of Cory-
anthes, a Bromelia, several Anthuriums, and a young shrub, all growing in
a ball hardly a foot in diameter. :

It is sometimes supposed that the presence of these ants is essential
to the well-being of the plant, and Mr. Rodway remarks that when
specimens are brought into gardens in the tropics, these useful tenants
having been removed by the collectors by soaking in water, they are par-
ticularly subject to the attacks of insects, and rarely thrive for any length of
time. But under cultivation in European hot-houses, where the protection
of the ants is not required, the plants will succeed under proper treatment.

A full account of the structure and fertilisation of this remarkable genus
may be found at page 338 of our second volume, and a figure of C.
macrocorys, Rolfe, at page 265 of the following one, and a comparison of
the three figures will show some of the differences which occur in the
genus.

The photograph here produced is an excellent one, and shows not
only the pair of horn-like glands which secrete the liquid which falls into
the bucket-shaped lip underneath, but each shows a glistening drop of the
liquid just before it falls. It is a pity we cannot add the little group of
metallic green and gold bees (Euglossa aurata), which invariably find out these
flowers when they expand in their native habitat, and come buzzing round,
creeping under the hood-like appendage of the flower, and then flying off
or dropping into the pool below. At all events, we can imagine one id
them floundering in the shallow liquid, its wings bedraggled, its Ae
struggles to climb the slippery sides of the bucket, and finally its
triumphal exit through the narrow opening between the lip and the column,
with the yellow pollen masses affixed to its shoulders. It reads almost like
romance that the insect, in spite of its troubles, should hurry off to another
flower and repeat the process, this time leaving the pollen on the stigm®
and thus effecting fertilisation. Yet the fact has been observed over”
over again, and warns us not to judge the experiences of others exclusively

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 307

from our own standpoint. _ It is evident that the bees, ants and flowers get
along together in a surprisingly effective and harmonious way, in spite of
any sentiments we may have about the matter. We should much like to
see these remarkable plants better represented in our collections.

THE CATTLEYA DISEASE,

We have received some examples of diseased pseudobulbs of Cattleya
Dowiana aurea from Mr. E. Pidsley, gardener to Richard Ashworth, Esq.,
Ashlands, Newchurch, Manch with request that we should ascertain
the cause of the attack, if possible. Insome cases the mischief commenced
in the leaf, and in others at the base of the pseudobulb or in the rhizome,
the plants hanging side by side with others which remain perfectly healthy.
Mr. Pidsley has seen several plants in other collections affected in the same
way, and in each case the gardener was unable to suggest any cause for the
attack. We also have seen it in this species, and exceptionally in C. labiata
and C. Trianz, if not in others, and once it was a good plant of C.
X Hardyana (of which C. Dowiana aurea is one parent) which suddenly

went off without any apparent cause. We believe that some time ago some
ical with a view

diseased portions were submitted to P
to ascertaining if any fungus was present which would account for the
mischief, but the result was negative or doubtful, as the only fungi present
were such as live upon decaying tissues, and not the cause of the disease.
In the case of the “ Spot” disease, it was shown that the initial cause was
the presence of minute drops of water on the surface of the leaves at a time
when the t is ptionally low, and the roots copiously supplied
with water oupral p- 19), and this confirmed the opinion of those who held
that “spot” was simply the result of improper treatment, and not of a
Parasitic fungus. Whether this disease of Cattleyas can be attributed to
similar causes, or to some parasitic fungus like that which produces the
Vanilla disease (supra, III., p. 51), is at present doubtful. It would appear,
however, that the disease is not contagious, and this rather points to its not
being of fungoid origin. Cattleya Dowiana is usually considered =e to
gtow, though some people succeed very well with it, and we should be Lae
to know of any special treatment which has been applied with bene ci

results, as well as of any conditions which seem to favour the disease.
Almost every grower has experience of some kind or _other with ed
beautiful Cattleya, and a comparison of notes might yield some usefu

information. The disease is not a new one by any means, and whether it
be of fungoid origin or not it is important to know how to combat it

successfully,

308 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
NOVELTIES.

ONcIDIUM JONESIANUM FLAVENS.—A curious variety, in which all the spots
have vanished from the sepals and petals, which are slightly barred with pale
yellowish green, and the lip white, with the usual markings. It flowered in
the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester, and
afterwards with Mr. James Cypher, at Cheltenham.—O’Brien in Gard.
Chron., July 4, p. 9.

EPIDENDRUM XIPHEROIDES, Kranzl.—A_ Brazilian species, which
flowered with Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans. It is very nearly allied
to E. xipheres, Rchb. f., which is figured at t. 111 of the Refugium Botanicum,
but is said to differ in having much larger bulbs and smaller flowers of a
different colour. The sepals and petals are dark green with sordid purple
lines, and the lip golden-coloured with a thick whitish callus—Gard. Ghron.,
July 18, p. 63.

CyRTOPODIUM MICRANTHUM, Kranzl.—A Brazilian species which flowered
with Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, in June last. It is said to be like
a small-flowered form of C. maculatum, Lindl., but to have the side lobes of
the lip more developed, and the front lobe larger; obovate, and founded at
the top. In colour, it is like a pale form of C. maculatum.—Gard. Chron.,
July 18, p. 63.

CIRRHOPETALUM GRAVEOLENS, Bailey.—A large-flowered species brought
from New Guinea a few years ago by Sir Walter Macgregor, which has
now flowered in the greenhouse of the Brisbane Botanic Garden. It is a
showy species, but the strong disagreeable odour of its flowers will probably
prevent its becoming a favourite in cultivation, except where collections of
these curious and beautiful plants are kept. The strong odour of the flowers
seems to have the effect of attracting and stupefying flies, so that when by
the turning over of the labellum they become jammed between that organ
and the column, they are unable to extricate themselves, and die. The
leaves are 12 inches long by 44 inches broad at the top; and the scapes 6
or 7 inches high, bearing a short raceme 7 inches in diameter, composed of
about 13 strongly-scented flowers, which are so crowded as to appeal
almost umbellate. Colour yellowish, tinged with green, and the inner face
of all the segments more or less speckled with red, and the lip reddish
brown, changing to deep purple.—F. M. Bailey, Contributions to Queensland
Flora, Botany Bulletin, xiii. (1896), p. 33. This is evidently the fine
Cirrhopetalum robustum, Rolfe, described in this work three years ag
(vol. x, p. 175), which received a First-class Certificate from the Royal!
Horticultural Society on June x1th, 1895.

os

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 309

CYPRIPEDIUM x ATROPOS AND C, xX TAUTZIANUM.

I aM sending you two blooms of Cypripedium X Atropos (together with
the two parents) as an example of the wide divergence possible, both as to
form and colour, in the flowers of seedlings emanating from the same
seed-pod.

The influence of both parents, Cypripedium x Ashb iz expansum
(Cookson’s variety) @ and Cypripedium purpuratum 3, can be readily
seen in each of the seedling flowers, but while in the smaller flower the
good qualities of each parent appear to be compressed, in the larger flower
it is the less desirable qualities that are reproduced. The inference to be
drawn from this is that the purchase of unflowered seedlings, even where
the parentage is undoubted, is to some extent a lottery, and that the raiser
of a batch of seedlings may find some among the number by no means
equal to others, while, on the other hand, if the first seedling to flower is
a disappointment, there is no occasion to despair as to the quality of those
still unflowered.

I still hope to flower one of the batch of seedling Cypripedium barbatum
2 X Cypripedium niveum ¢ (Orch. Rev. III., p. 201), in which the
influence of the pollen parent will be unmistakable. I have so far flowered
eight out of the fourteen seedlings raised, and the only effect of Cypripedium
niveum that I can perceive is that the climbing propensity of Cypripedium
barbatum appears to be completely checked, the plants remaining squat.

Twin-flowered spikes are more common with me this year than usual,
as I have at the present time spikes of Cypripedi Harrisi
C. X cenanthum superbum, C. x Laforcadei, C. x T. B. Haywood,
C. x Ashburtonie..calospilum, C. x A. expansum, and C. x Mas-
ereelianum, all carrying two flowers.

x REGINALD YOUNG.
Liverpool,
September 15th, 1896.

[The flowers sent are very interesting. The small flower of C. x
Atropos is like the original one described at page 292 of our last volume
(where the history of the plant is given), and bears a remarkable
resemblance to the pollen parent in size, shape, and colour, though the petals
are narrower and scarcely spotted at the base, and the dorsal sepal is less
reflexed, and has broader stripes. The large one is much nearer the seed
Parent in size and shape, though it has more of the purple tint of the
Pollen parent—in fact, in colour and markings it is about intermediate
between the small flower and the seed-parent, with the dorsal sepal more
teflexed at the sides. These features render the group very striking and

310 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

interesting, and we do not remember another instance showing quite the
same remarkable character. One seedling may very well be said to be
much like its father, and the other almost as much like its mother. The
other cross mentioned is also remarkable. Its history has already been
given, as above indicated. The seedlings ought to be varieties of C. x
Tautzianum, which, however, they resemble very little, except in the
dwarfed habit, which shows that the influence of C. niveum is not quite
absent.—Ep. ]

A HANDFUL OF NATAL ORCHIDS.

SEVERAL species of South African Orchids have become familiar in gardens
during recent years, and among them two or three from the Natal district.
In 1886 Mr. R. W. Adlam published some notes under the above heading,
in which he enumerated the following eight as among the showiest of the
Natal species :—Eulophia ensata, Lindl., E. Dregeana, Lindl., Lissochilus
Krebsii, Rchb. f., Satyrium candidum, Lindl., S. carneum, Lindl., Disa
polygonoides, Lindl., D. macrantha, Lindl., and Disperis Fanniniz, Harv.
The two Satyriums are in cultivation, as well as S. spherocarpum, Lindl.,
which is not enumerated. Concerning their culture Mr. Adlam remarks :—
“Our Orchids flower in the moist season from November to March, during
which time they enjoy much rain and sun alternately. From April to
October rain is scarce—a slight shower every month on the average ; but—
and I wish to draw special attention to this—the soil beneath the surface
does not get dust-dry. Nearly all our Orchids, save Lissochili, delight in
a heavy retentive black loam or red clay, interlaced with grass roots ; during
winter the air is very clear and the dews are heavy, and of course the dry
grass absorbs a good deal of moisture. There is no deep secret in the
cultivation of terrestrial Orchids; we see Disas and Satyriums growing
alongside of Gladioli and Gazanias, and surely anyone can grow the last
named. Lissochili and Eulophias, from the nature of their rhizomes, have
an indefinite life, but the members of the great tribe Ophrydez seem to live
but a few years. Take Disa polygonoides for instance. The first year’s
seedling will be a tiny plant about two inches high, the second year it
increases in strength, the third it flowers, the fourth a stronger spike is sent
up, and then the plant perishes. Disas and Satyriums, however, seed very
freely, and there should be no difficulty in thus propagating them. I
would advise firm potting in turfy loam with good drainage, and to meddle
with them as little as possible. Keep the plants cool and moderately dry
in the winter, and give heat with moisture in the summer.”—Gard. Chron»
1886, xxvi., p. 58.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. git
SELENIPEDIUM x SEDENI ABNORMAL.

THE tendency of Selenipedium x Sedeni to produce abnormal flowers has
often been noticed, but one of the most remarkable we have yet seen has
been sent from the collection of Colonel Marwood, of Whitby, by Mr.
Horner. The ovary is completely confluent with the axis, and the sepals
partially so with the bracts of the next two flowers, thus giving the appear-
ance of two buds arising from within the flower itself. The two sepals
stand to right and left of the axis, and the front half of each is sepal-like,
and the remainder bract-like in texture and colour. Instead of a lip there
are three separate bodies, one lanceolate, partly coloured, and occupying
the position of the median petal, the other two arising laterally to it, and
showing the characteristic spotting, pubescence, and infolded margins of
the side lobes of the lip. These are evidently the petaloid staminodes A 2
and A 3 of the Darwinian notation, which in the normal flower coalesce
with the median petal to form the lip. The petals and column are not
present in a normal condition, though there are about five light-green
irregularly crumpled bodies in the centre, and in front of the young buds,
which probably represent them—in part, at least—and one of these, which
occupies the position of a 2, has an anther below the apex, evidently one of
the fertile anthers of the normal flower. Both this and the opposite one
are united to two undulate crumpled bodies, which apparently represent the
petals—crumpled because the union prevents them from elongating, as they
should do—and the one without an anther distinctly shows the median
nerve. Most remarkable of all, perhaps, is the presence of a perfect anther,
very shortly stalked, immediately behind the median petal afore-named.
This is exactly in the position of a 3, the anther totally suppressed in a
normal flower, which it evidently represents. The flower had been observed
in this condition about a week before it was sent, and was in the condition
of a bud a few days before it begins to open, the colours being only partially
developed and dehiscence of the anthers not having yet begun. It would
have been better if left on the plant until fully matured. The partially-
opened condition evidently arose from the fact that the back half of the
flower represents the bracts and young buds of the inflorescence, and oe
union caused the organs of the front half of the flower to develop pment
—the lateral sepals free from each other, but united to some von
tissue behind, the lip brok-1 up into its three constituent parts, an P e
‘ additional stamen developed in front, instead of being absent. The irregular
t of thei diate parts is easily expiamied by the Ley
union of the flower with the axis, and the quent Be ala i
example is interesting for the light it throws on the composition of a typ!
Orchid flower.

+

3i2 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CYPRIPEDIUM x ROSSIANUM.

ANOTHER seedling of the above has flowered in the collection of H. }>
Ross, Esq., of Florence, which differs slightly from the original form
described at page 359 of our last volume, both in the leaf and flower, but
shows the same unmistakable evidence of its descent from C. barbatum
and C. tonsum. The inflorescence is two-flowered. A two-flowered
inflorescence and leaf of another seedling is also sent, in which each petal
of the lower flower bears from twenty to two dozen small dark blotches,
while in the upper flower they are not half so numerous, and are almost
confined to the upper margin as in C. X Rossianum. The flowers are also
smaller, the petals rather more ciliate, and the leaf a little more like
C. barbatum, but in other respects the resemblance to C. X Rossianum is
So great as to suggest that it is simply a variety of the same. Atall events it
does not agree with any of the well-known types, and we are unable to find
any other species that will account for the characters of the hybrid. Mrs.
Ross, in writing, remarks that it may be interesting that many Cypri-
pediums in the collection have two-flowered scapes, including nearly all the
plants of C. callosum, C. concolor, and C. x Ashburtoniz. This affords
evidence that the plants are well-grown and very vigorous.

ee

SEED-VESSELS OF ORCHIDS.

Ir has sometimes been remarked that Orchids do not seed very freely ina
wild state, and Mr. N. Blandford once recorded the finding of a seed-pod
on an imported plant of-Sophronitis grandiflora as hing ptional
(Gard. Chron., 1885, xxiv., P- 470.) Replying to this rematk Mr. James
Douglas observed :—* It is perfectly well known that imported plants come
over with seed-pods on them, ripe or otherwise ; hundreds of seed-pods
may be found clustering on the plants in the sale-room, scores of them on
one plant” (L.c., p. 470). We have observed seed-pods on newly-imported
plants of Sophronitis grandiflora, and have no doubt that ‘it seeds freely
enough in a wild state, as do many, if not most, other Orchids. These
plants fail to produce pods under cultivation because the necessary insects
are not present, but if the flowers are artificially fertilised capsules are
formed in abundance. Where Orchids grow abundantly in a wild state we
have no doubt the necessary fertilising insects are there, and generally
Perform their work satisfactorily. The fact that most Orchids fail to
Produce capsules without artificial aid of some kind affords conclusive
evidence of this, for without their aid no seeds would be produced—at
events in many cases—and it is quite obvious that an Orchid which
Produced no seed would soon vanish from the scene.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 313

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR OCTOBER.
By H. A. BURBERRY, Highbury, Birmingham.

OcToBER now being here, it is no longer possible to keep up the temperature
to the same high degree as recommended for the past few months. Nor,
indeed, is it advisable to attempt to do so, as it would be quite opposed to
the requirements of the plants, which would soon show the evil effects.
Warm and intermediate growing Orchids having completed their new
growth, or nearly so, will delight in nothing so much as a reduction in the
temperature, so that they may repose and ripen, free from the over-exciting
influences of excessive heat and moisture; while for cool Orchids, of course,
a suitable temperature can generally be more readily maintained during the
cool weather than when it is so very hot.

The following figures will be a guide to the temperature most suitable
for the autumn months :—

Cool house.—Day, with sun, 60° to 65°; without sun, 55° to 60°; night
and morning, 50° to 55°.

Intermediate house.—Day, with sun, 70° to 75°; without sun, 60° to 65°;
night, 60°; morning, 58° to 60°.

Warm or East Indian house.—Day, with sun, 75° to 80°; without sun,
70°; night, 65°; morning, 60° to 65°.

Of course it is impossible to maintain these figures always exactly, and
no one should attempt it. The inside temperature as well as the outside is
bound to fluctuate. It is perfectly natural, and an occasional fall of five
degrees on the whole of the above figures will do more good than harm,
while for short periods only a fall of ten degrees need not be dreaded,
especially if the atmosphere is kept good by careful ventilation. ;

It is no use grumbling about the weather, we have to take it as it comes,
and make the best of it. Before the rain came we were longing for it to
cool and moisten the parched up earth. But only hot fierce sunshine was
to be had then, from early morn till close of day. To keep upa semblance
to a growing temperature within the houses was done only by sheer dint of
perseverance, with a syringe and bucket of water, during the greater part of
the day. And I must say that I doubt whether any Orchid grower of
experience will say that he considers such periods of tropical heat, ae
only at lengthy intervals, does, on the whole, benefit his plants. A a
more than they could stand, as they had grown unaccustomed to it. eir
tissues, constructed artificially under the usual English climate, collapsed
under the strain; consequently weakly plants shriveled up, and newly-
Potted ones retained’ their plumpness only when tended with extra care and
trouble. But this intensely hot and bright weather suddenly changed.
Now it is rain, dull weather, and more rain, the atmosphere is reeking with

314 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

moisture, and growth is active which was previously very slow. But Iam
afraid now that the plants will soon suffer from the almost total absence of
sunshine. From the time of writing (September 15th) I don’t believe we
have had here altogether during the last three or four weeks six hours of
sunshine. I would prefer weather slightly more mixed and varied.

Dendrobiums, however, have prospered this year more than usual.
This seems to point to the fact that it is not only heat they like when
growing, but air also. Undoubtedly they have had plenty of the latter this
summer, for there has been no stagnant atmosphere. No sooner were the
plants syringed than they were dry again, and this kind of thing Dendro-
biums seem to enjoy. They have with but few exceptions made up really
fine pseudobulbs, long and stout, in fact nothing so far left to be desired.
If we can only get enough sun to thoroughly ripen them they will make a
grand show of flower next spring. We are now gradually getting our
spring flowering kinds in their winter quarters. This is done quite
independent of any secondary growth that may have started again from the
base ; such growths must fare as best they can; we must not keep the
plants in a hot growing temperature just for their sake.

Dendrobium Dearei is a species that requires a different and special
treatment from most of the others during winter. It is never dormant, it
is always either making new growth or flowering. By the appearance our
plants now present one would think that the season was spring instead of
autumn. The new growths are only a few inches high; consequently they
must still be kept growing in a light position in the warmest and moistest
house, and given a liberal supply of water, to which this species is very
partial. D. Brymerianum is another often late to start away, making it
very uncertain when the pseudobulbs will be pleted. It should now
occupy a similar position, and be given a like treatment to the last-named
until the main growths are ‘thade up, when it should at once be well rested in
a temperature ranging between 50° and 60°, otherwise it will quickly push
aerial growths from where the flowers should appear. D. Dalhousieanum is
another that is also late; it should receive every encouragement until
completed ; afterwards, like the last-named, it should be given a decided rest
in the same temperature, until the flower spikes begin to push, about April,
as these also are apt to turn to growths instead.

Dendrobium crepidatum is a very pretty species, but with us behaves in
an extraordinary manner, by appearing so healthy and then suddenly going
off dead at almost any period of growth or rest alike. My experience and
observation of this species is that it is most susceptible to a check through
cold draughts, &c. It seems to require more heat than most of the other
deciduous Dendrobiums, and I have no doubt it is collected from hot nooks
and corners in its native habitats of Burma and Assam.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 315

I believe the same may be said regarding D. Phalzenopsis, D. bigibbum
and D. superbiens, although it has been rumoured that some find the first-
named grows well enough if subjected toa tolerably cool treatment. There
is no doubt in my mind that during the season of active growth a great heat
is most desirable for this species. I think as years pass by it will be proved
that D. Phaleenopsis is not the same vigorous and easy-growing species that
the newly-imported plants of the same would have us to believe, so I would
advise that they be carefully looked after and kept in good health. No
doubt that these hot-growing and warm resting species do, in time, become
very late and out of season in localities where the absence of sun is greatest.
And when we come to think it over it is no more than we might reasonably
expect. Unfortunately, however, the cause of the plant becoming so late
and out of season is simply owing to its greatly reduced vitality. The one
is the inevitable result of the other. These are disturbances and troubles
which a month or two of occasional tropical weather do not always redeem.
And these are facts that should always be remembered and allowed for in
cultivation. At the same time they must never prevent us from doing our
utmost and giving our untiring attention to counteract in every conceivable
form all climatic conditions that are unfavourable, and to make the most of
those which are favourable.

Syringing or otherwise wetting the plants over-head must now be pretty
strictly forbidden in all departments. Of course there may be exceptions
when it could be practised with advantage on some plants—such, for
instance, that are late in completing their growth, which it is desired to
hasten. But it should only then be done first thing in the morning, when
the day is likely to be fine. Damping down the floors and stages, too,
should likewise now be done much more sparingly, once or twice a day
being sufficient, according to the nature of the weather and the amount of
warmth required from the hot-water pipes. Do not damp down later than
mid-day.

All repotting is now done for the
forth be in a position to devote much
ever-recurring work, cleaning. It is w
nor done with clumsy, uncareful hands.

own there is often so much other pressin;
rae impossible to go through the plants and clean them so frequently .
could be desired. It is a long and tedious job, and to amake a tig
good hand one must have considerable interest in his work, and ee
Possessed of a good amount of patience to enable him to stick aap e am
warm damp houses day after day. But, nevertheless, it must ri , ~
the oftener the better. Every grower should have at his eoeae Sore
assistance to enable him to keep every plant under his. charge abe ue?

present season, and we shall hence-
more time to that important and
ork that’ should never be neglected,
Where Orchids are extensively
g work that I fear it is sometimes

316 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

clean from dirt and free from insect pests. Then his work is a pleasure,
and the plants a delight to all who see them. When the plants are once
got nicely clean, to keep them so should be his sole aim. That is the easiest
way, and insures less labour. On the other hand, if the whole collection is
left so long after being cleaned, so as to become again infested with the
various pests, then indeed it is a sorry affair, for the plants will never
present a respectable appearance. My favourite insecticides are still, as
formerly advised ; for fumigating purposes, “X.L.All fumigating insecticide”;
for destroying all kinds of scale, bug, &c., ‘‘ Murray’s electric insecticide,”
one part, to five parts of rain water, applied with a small brush carefully,
so that it does not run down to the roots, otherwise it is harmless, and need
not be rinsed off ; and for the general cleansing and sponging of the leaves,
&c., “ Kilmright ” is very effective, cheap, and handy. I dissolve about a
teacupful to three or four gallons of rain water.

The winter blooming kinds of Cypripedium and Selenipedium will
now be rapidly completing their flowering growths, and commence to push
up their spikes. With good drainage and sweet compost they love a liberal
supply of water, and no possible harm can occur if watered in moderation
throughout the winter. Of course it is always well to be careful, for it is a
very bad practice to get the compost soddened. It is better rather to ert
on the side of dryness from now and throughout the winter months. A few
years back Cypripediums were, perhaps, even more popular than they are
to-day, if that is possible. The excitement then, which ran so high, caused
by the number of beautiful hybrids and new species, swelling the list in
cultivation by leaps and bounds, has gradually subsided. Few growers then
could have thought the time so near at hand when other popular genera of
Orchids would burst upon us at-almost the same rate, yet here we are face
to face with facts. Cattleyds and Lelias, Dendrobi and Masd i
are flowing in ; and, as in the case with Cypripediums, chiefly by means of
hybridization. I am told that the future has great things in store; that
hybridization has barely commenced ; in fact, that the occupation of the
collector and importer will soon be gone.

On the subject of raising Orchids from seed, a few hints may here
perhaps be useful. It is very interesting work when successful. But first
let me sound a few notes of warning. If you have already as much
work as you can possibly get through, and have no more time to spare; if
you have not houses built on the most modern principles ; if you are lacking
patience; then don’t attempt raising Orchids from seed on your. ow?
account, and you will probably save yourself from much disappointment’
If you are fortunate enough to have these necessaries at your command,
eh feel disposed. to try your hand, then, in order to further prevent
disappointments, do not be over sanguine about results ; never set a flowe!

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 317

if the plant is not in first rate condition, and quite able to bear the stress
of producing the big seed-pod, which will take the best part of a year to
mature ; for it kills weakly plants. Never cross inferior varieties, because
the progeny, if reared, would probably be worthless. And cross only those
varieties from which, for some reason or another, something good might be
expected. Be very careful in labelling the flower directly it is crossed,
and remove its own pollen clean away, so that there may be no mistake in
the parentage.

When the seed is ripe the pod will split. Now immediately sow the
seed on the surface of the compost, selecting plants which have lately been
tepotted—recently imported plants, that are making plenty of roots, in
preference to others—but make sure that any plant on which seed is sown
will require to be kept moist for at least two or three months afterwards.
The seed germinates more surely on plants that are suspended near the
light. Be careful that the seed is not washed away by the first few
waterings the plant receives; afterwards there is less danger. If the seed
is good it will soon commence to germinate, and become round shaped,
about the size of the head of a pin. This is a critical juncture, for if the
compost is not just so, those green globules will speedily disappear.
Therefore if the surface of the compost appears not to be in a good sound
condition, commencing, as it often does, to become sour and decomposed,
it is better at this stage to at once transfer them to sweet material in tiny
seed pots, placing five or six in each pot, a number of which should be
placed in teak baskets, and suspended in a shady part of the house, and
kept continually moist. The cause of the surface of the compost becoming
prematurely decayed is often insects living within the pot. In some
gardens the compost become literally alive with a small species of fly, and
these quickly destroy Orchid seed. When once these tiny globular plants
become established in their new pots—and most will do so—they quickly
form a little leaf, and a little root grasps the compost. After this the rest is
comparatively easy. They will soon require to be potted off singly in the
seedling pots, and then growing on. Be always watchful, do not over-pot, and
see that fresh sweet compost is supplied whenever necessary. The aed
are the chief points to be kept in sight in order to ensure a reasonable
amount of success in raising hybrids. There is yet a large field open to
hybridists. Even supposing quite new crosses cannot at all times be made,
there is still no reason why crosses already in existence, if good, should not
again be reared. By doing so better varieties might be obtained, rare more
than that, advanced as we are in Orchid culture, we have still muc _
to learn before we can say to ourselves, “ These plants we possess, me a
are absolutely sure of retaining them,” for, like other garden a6 ,

Orchids will sometimes die.

318 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ORCHID PORTRAITS.
CATTLEYA INTERMEDIA (double).—Rev. Hort., Sept. 1, p. 404, fig. 141.
CaTTLEYA SKINNERI, Lindl.—Rev. Hort. Belge, Sept., p. 201, with
plate.
DENDROBIUM HOOKERIANUM.—Journ. of Hort., Sept. 3, p. 221, fig. 44.
DENDROBIUM LEoNIs, Rchb. f.—Bot. Mag., t. 7493.
LALIA CRISPA SUPERBA.—Journ. of Hort., Aug. 27, p. 197, fig. 40.

a

HYBRIDS BETWEEN CYPRIPEDIUM AND
SELENIPEDIUM.

Mr. Hanson has written me respecting my crosses between the genera
Selenipedium and Cypripedium for his Supplement, so, thinking it may be
of some interest to your readers and lovers of these favourite flowers, I send
you briefly a copy of what I said I had written in one of your issues, that I
had plants up between S. Schlimii (seed parent) and C. Spicerianum (pollen
parent). These are growing away well, and now have two or three pairs of
leaves. Also the reverse cross was tried, but the seed pod of this latter was
not ripe when plants of the former were up ; and even when sown, did not
grow. But I think I have established a “record time” in the following
cross, made between S. X Dominianum as seed parent and C. Chamber-
lainianum as pollen parent. This was hybridised in December, 1895; the
pod was ripe in March of this year; the seed was sown immediately, and
now, in September, nine months after hybridising, I have strong young
plants, some with leaves 4} inches long, and of a Selenipedium character.
The reverse cross of this also did not germinate. Whether the cross
between these two genera will ever be got to flower remains to be seen.

. W. SWINBURNE.
Corndean Hall, ig tak cone

Winchcombe,
Cheltenham.

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was a good display of Orchids at the Royal Horticultural Society's
Meeting at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on September 8th
last, and three First-class Certificates were awarded. One of the most
interesting features was an exhibit of two plants of Cattleya x Hardyan’
artificially raised, the first which have reached the flowering stage, from
the collection of Norman C, Cookson, Esq.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 319

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), received
a Cultural Commendation for a good plant of the pretty little cerise-red
Sophrocattleya xX Veitchii, with a two-fl d infl

Norman C. Cookson, Esq., Oakwood, Wylam-on-Tyne (gr. Mr. Murray),
staged four very interesting plants, including two of Cattleya x Hardyana,
artificially raised by crossing Cattleya Dowiana aurea with the pollen of C.
Warscewiczii thus settling the question of its parentage. The others were
Lelio-cattleya x Bryan (C. Gaskelliana 2 X L. crispa ¢), which
received an Award of Merit, and L.-c. x Clive (C. Dowiana ? xX L.
prestans 3), a First-class Certificate. Both are described on another
page.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
received a First-class Certificate for Lelio-cattleya x Charles Darwin,
the inflorescence bearing two flowers. It received an Award of Merit on
August 25th, 1895.

Walter Cobb, Esq., Dulcote, Tunbridge Wells (gr. Mr. Howes), sent
a good plant of Odontoglossum CErstedii majus, with seven flowers, and an
exceptionally large and very dark form of Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana,
called Dulcote variety, to which a First-class Certificate was given.

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow (gr. Mr. Holbrook), sent
a pretty, light-coloured form of Cypripedium X Mabeliz called Henry
Ashworth, cut blooms of the handsome Dendrobium Xx Leeanum, a fine,
richly-coloured form of Cattleya x Hardyana, two forms of C. Gaskelliana,
a fine nine-flowered inflorescence of C. bicolor, and a plant of C. bicolor
Lewisii, a distinct and pretty variety with green sepals and petals, and the
lip purple in the lower half but white in front. An Award of Merit was
given to the latter.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
received an Award of Merit for a splendid eight-flowered inflorescence of
Lalio-cattleya x elegans Oweniz.

G. S. Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow, Cheshire (gr. Mr. Hey), sent
Cypripedium insigne Ballianum, a fine greenish-yellow form, with the spots
on the dorsal sepal nearly, though not quite obliterated.

Welbore S. Ellis, Esq., Hazelbourne, Dorking (gr. Mr. Burrell), showed
and a five-flowered inflorescence of Stan-

the rare Oncidium panduratum,
hopea oculata.

G. O. Sloper, Esq., Westrop House, Highworth, sent flowers of

Chelsea, staged a fine group, to which
a Silver Flora Medal was awarded. It contained the handsome Lzlio-
cattleya x callistoglossa ignescens, L.-c. X Pallas, two plants of L.-c. x
Nysa, L.-c. x Schilleriana, Cattleya bicolor, C. Leopoldi, C. Harrisoniana,

ape polystig
Messrs. James Veitch and Sons,

eo THE ORCHID REVIEW.

two well-flowered plants of Lelia phylla, Odontogl Harryanum,
O. bictoniense, Miltonia Reezlii and its variety alba, Sobralia Xx Veitchii,
two plants of Cycnoches chlorochilon, two plants of the pretty little
Saccolabi d i lenipedi x Phaedra, S. x Brysa
candidulum (S. xX Sedeni candidulum ¢ x S. Boissierianum $),
pripedi x thum superbum, C. Curtisii, C. x Milo (C. insigne
Chantini ¢ x C. enanthum superbum 3), C. tonsum superbum and C,
X cenanthum superbum. An Award of Merit was given to Cattleya x
Euphrasia, a handsome hybrid from C. Warscewiczii ¢ and C. superba 3,
which is described on another page.

Messrs. F. Sander and Co., St. Albans, staged another fine group,
containing Cattleya granulosa, C. Harrisoniana, two well-flowered plants
of Rodriguezia fragrans, a good plant of Zygopetalum Gautieri with eight
spikes, Coelogyne Micholitziana, a well-flowered Dendrobium bracteosum
album, Epidendrum inversum, E. fragrans, a pan of the brilliant Habenaria
militaris with six spikes, the interesting little Trichocentrum iridifolium,
Miltonia spectabilis Moreliana, Cypripedium insigne, C. x Cahuzac, C. X
Mabeliz var. Lord Derby, and C. x Rothwellianum (C. Argus 2 xX C. Stonei
¢). An Award of Merit was given to Maxillaria striata grandiflora, a fine
form of the species. .

Messrs. B. S. Williams and Son, Upper Holloway, received a Silver
Banksian Medal for an interesting group, containing the handsome Pesca-
torea Lehmanni, and P, Klabochorum, the latter with three flowers,
Angrecum citratum, Pachystoma Thomsonianum with three-flowered
spike, Oncidium dasytyle with branched raceme, Cochlioda vulcanica
grandiflora with four spikes, Cypripedium tonsum, C. x cenanthum supe
bum, C. x Adonis, and C. Charlesworthii with five flowers. A First-class
Certificate was given to Arachnanthe Lowii, with a raceme of thirty-
six flowers and buds, the two basal flowers being orange-coloured and the
next one intermediate between them and the red-blotched ones, of which
the rest of the raceme is composed. The cause of difference between the |
flowers has hitherto remained a mystery, but it is said that the orange ones

can alone be fertilised, a Point which we should like to see confirmed.

ao

CORRESPONDENCE, &e.
J. H., Whitby, Stanhopea Wardii. ra, but
J. B., Hessle. Pescatorea cerina, 38 devallia Chi
No. 2. is hardly true Backh hin Cee en of 7 wiry vas <— _
segments and comparatively short Gin is a large and very hairy variety
W. S. B., Dorking. Eria floribunda.
We JARs Lellio-cattleya x elegans, about typical.

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ORCHIDOLOGY.

Contents.

PAGE
Book, Notice of... s tye 374
Calendar of Operations “lee Nopeiatied 343
- Cattleya x Hardyana Countess of Derby 323
Catileya x Lord Rothschild oe 16) 337
_ Correspondence, &c. +
Cypripedium x burfordiense ... RIT
; Cypripedium x Harrisianum virescens 325
i Cypripedium x regale ..

Hybridisation, Quick ...

Hybridist ei As
Catuleya x vilitiog-elebialal ;
Leelio-cattleya x belairensis

Hybridist’s Notes oe

Ouiontoglossum Uroskinneri albunt:
Orchid Portraits... .--
Orchids in the Law Courts

Society oo
| Peristeria elata

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MEITCTS
MANUAL OF ORCHIDACEOUS PLANTS,

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UNDE
(Uustratea ar ie and okt Engravings.)

IS work contains descriptions of all the most important species and varieties in cultivation, their Origin,
te &e.

ring the last quarter of a century, resultins from the ine
ppr i autiful and interest ng order of plants, has, in our opinion, created the
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THE ORGHID-KREVIEW.

WoL. LV J NOVEMBER, 1896. [No. 47.

NOTES.

Two meetings of the Royal Horticultural Society will be held at the Drill
Hall, James’ Street, Westminster, during November—on the roth and 24th
respectively—when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of
12 o'clock, noon.

We have received a copy of a work entitled Hortus Boissiertanus, being
an enumeration of the plants cultivated in 1885 by M. Edmond Boissier, at
Valleyres, and La Pierriere, Switzerland. It isa work of over 500 pages,
ninety of which are devoted to Orchids. The collection is a thoroughly
representative one, and contains 772 species belonging to 122 genera, both
the showy and botanical species being well represented. M. Boissier, the
author of the Flora Orientalis, died in 1885, since which time the collections
have been maintained and enriched by his son-in-law, M. William Barbey,
to whom we are indebted for the work, which has been compiled by M.
Autran, the Conservator of the Boissier Herbarium, and M. Th. Durand.

A fine two-flowered scape of Cypripedium X cenanthum superbum has
been sent from the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liver-
pool, the flowers being very large and richly coloured, and affording evidence

of good culture.

and three forms of L. pumila, also come from
latter bearing two flowers, a
ted out, the latter

Flowers of Lelia Dayana,
the same collection, one inflorescence of the :
somewhat unusual occurrence. As has already been poin
Species is rather variable.

A very remarkable flower of Miltonia spectabili:
collection of Colonel Marwood, of Whitby, by Mr. Horner,

s has been sent from the
in which both

322 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the petals and lip are reduced in size, and terminate each in a long narrow
filament or tail, somewhat as in the sepals of Masdevallia. The petals are
of the usual breadth in the basal third, beyond which they abruptly ter-
minate, except the tails. In the lip, however, the tail-like filament is
pendulous under the lip, and only united to it up to the middle, this organ
being less than half the usual size. As the column and other parts of the
flower are normal, it is difficult to account for the peculiarity, and it will be
interesting to note if it appears again next year.

A curious flower of Odontoglossum odoratum comes from the collection
of Mrs. Holland, Wonham, Bampton, Devon, with seven sepals and petals,
two lips, and two columns fused together side by side. The ovary is also
somewhat flattened, and the example apparently consists of two flowers
fused into one.

An infl of a richly-coloured form of Odontoglossum x Rucker-
ianum has been sent from the collection of W. J. Thompson, Esq., Walton
Grange, Stone, by Mr. Stevens. The sepals are suffused with light rose,
and bear two or three large irregular deep red-brown blotches, while the
petals are nearly white, with several small spots. The lip also bears one
large blotch in front and a small spot on either side of the crest. It is a
very pretty form.

The handsome Miltonia Schreederiana is also sent from the same
collection, its brightly-coloured crimson and yellow lip being very effective.
It is a native of Costa Rica, and still seems to be rare in cultivation.

Another very pretty Orchid from the same collection is Oncidium
onustum, an inflorescence of a dozen of its bright yellow flowers being very
effective. It seems to be an easily cultivated species, and flowers regularly
in the autumn. Its history was given at page 329 of our last volume.

An inflorescence of the handsome hybrid Cattleya x Brymeriana has
been sent from the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield,
Manchester, by Mr. Johnson. The sepals and petals most resemble those
of C, superba, but the lip is more open, rather obscurely three-lobed, and
the throat light yellow in front, and nearly white at the sides, in whic
Tespect it approaches C. Eldorado, the other parent. A fine flower of
Cattleya x Ashtoniana is also sent, in which the characters of C. Harrr

soniana and C. Warscewicziana are combined, those of the former being
the most obvious.

A fine flower of Cattleya Gaskelliana has been sent from the collection
of F.M. Burton, Esq., Highfield, Gainsborough, together with a small

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 323
light form of the same, which has probably not reached its full development.
They are rather late for this Cattleya. A good flower of the beautiful
Cypripedium insigne Chantini is also sent.

In reference to our note at page 269 respecting the inclusion in the Flora
Brasiliensis of Orchids not yet known within the limits of that country,
M. Cogniaux writes that on completion of the work a statistical table will be
given, showing the number of genera and species of each group actually
known to be Brazilian, an arrangement we view with satisfaction, for
reasons already pointed out.

A flower of the beautiful white Sobralia macarantha Kienastiana has
been sent from the collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., of Hessle, by
Mr. Baker, from a newly-imported plant. This variety occasionally appears
among importations of S. macrantha, but is comparatively rare. It is also
known as S. macrantha alba, a more suitable but later name.

CATTLEYA x HARDYANA COUNTESS OF DERBY.

THE two-fl d infl of this magnificent Cattleya has been sent
from the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester.
Its characters have been recorded in these pages on more than one occa-
sion, and it suffices now to remark that the contrast between the pure white
sepals and petals and the intense dark velvety crimson lip and the pair of
yellow blotches on the side lobes, is more striking and effective than in any
Cattleya we know, while the form of the flower is equally good, and it richly
deserved the Silver Flora Medal which was awarded to it on October 13th
last by the Royal Horticultural Society. Why it is that the plant is per-

sistently called a variety cf C. Warscewiczii in the reports is a mystery. No
d with C. Dowiana without

one can compare it carefully with this species an' vith :
seeing that the sepals and petals have the characteristic shape and arrange-
so than some other forms of C. X Hardyana, while
there are distinct traces of the veining of C. Dowiana in the basal half of
the lip, as well as.of the deep colour in the front. It is certainly : natural
hybrid between C. Dowiana and C. Warscewiczii, and the resemb| cag
the latter—as, indeed, of other forms of C. X Hardyana—is 7 aden
which is usually seen between a hybrid and its parents. Al : : c
between these two species must stand as forms of C. X aoe nae :

quite time the present magnificent variety was called by its prope .

ment of the latter, more

—t
.

324 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
NOTICE OF BOOK.

Dictionnaire Iconographique des Orchidées. Direction et redaction par A.

Cogniaux ; Dessins et Aquarelles par A. Goosens. Brussels, A. Goosens.
WE have received the first number of the above work, whose object,
briefly stated, is to take cognisance of interesting Orchids, and to facilitate
their determination and the verification of the names of those which
amateurs possess in their collections. The first part contains Cattleya x
Brymeriana, Lelia purpurata, Miltonia vexillaria and varieties superba and
radiata, M. spectabilis and varieties bicolor and Moreliana, Odontoglossum
crispum and varieties Bousiesianum, Madame Madoux and stellatum. The
plates represent a single flower, and each plate is wrapped in a sheet or
more of text, containing a short description and history of the species, in
French, and sometimes wood-cuts of the whole plant, each sheet being
loose, so that they can be kept in alphabetical order as later parts appear.
The size of the work is about 54 inches deep by 7} wide, the shape not
being the one best adapted to the library shelves, and, unfortunately, the
Lelia plate is folded across the middle. The plates are faithful repre-
sentations of the plants intended, and this is a point which is emphasised
in the prospectus, where it is remarked that too often in analogous publi-
cations, edited by horticultural establishments, the plates are highly
fantastical, or the beauty or dimensions of the flowers are exaggerated
without measure in the interest of the sale—a remark not altogether without
justification, though we are glad to think that it does not apply generally.
It was intended to commence with the genus Odontoglossum, but owing to
certain difficulties this part has been deferred fora short time. We cordially
wish the new venture success.

CYPRIPEDIUM x REGALE.

A FLOWER of the above has been sent from the collection of Reginald
Young, Esy., Sefton Park, Liverpool, together with one of C. purpuratum,
one of its reputed parents. It was raised by the late Mr. J. C. Bowring, of
Windsor, and is said to have been a seedling from C. insigne Maulei crossed
with the pollen of C. purpuratum. It was sent out by Mr. Bull, and we
have found a brief record of it in 1889, though when it was raised and when
it flowered for the first time we have not succeeded in tracing. The flower
most resembles C. insigne, particularly in shape, though the dorsal sepal is
nearly orbicular, the petals broader, and the staminode almost exactly
intermediate in character. In colour the influence of the pollen parent 5
more apparent, for the petals are distinctly suffused with light purple, and
at the extreme base occur a few traces of purple spots, while the do

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 325

sepal is suffused with a similar colour, except round the broad white
margin, and the numerous nerves are all of a deeper purple shade. The
lip, too, is darker in colour. There is only a slight trace of the reflexed
character of the dorsal sepal of C. purpuratum, and, indeed, much of the
character of this parent is so much blended into that of C. insigne as to be
almost lost. The features of C. purpuratum may be more apparent in the
leaf, which we have not seen. It is a bright and very pretty hybrid; but
one might be excused for not guessing that C. purpuratum was one of the
parents. Of course we are assuming that this is one of the original stock,
and that the parentage has been correctly given.

= ———

. THE HYBRIDIST.
L#LIO-CATTLEYA X VELUTINO-ELEGANS.
A PRETTY hybrid derived from Cattleya velutina and Lealio-cattleya xX
elegans 3, raised by M. Chas. Maron, Orchid grower to M. Fournier, of
Marseilles, and which recently received a First-class Certificate at Paris.
At present it most resembles the mother plant, though rather stouter
in habit. The flowers are fragrant, and are produced several together in an
erect raceme, the sepals being creamy-white tinged with nankeen yellow
and veined with rose, and the lip blush white at the base, with the front
lobe rich crimson-purple, veined with white, and having an orange blotch
at the base —O’Brien in Gard. Chron., Sept. 26th, p. 369-
L2LIO-CATTLEYA X BELAIRENSIS. ;
A very interesting hybrid, raised in the collection of M. G. Mantin,
Chateau de Bel Air, Olivet, France, from Cattleya Bowringiana ¢ and
Lelia autumnalis 3. The inflorescence and flowers closely resemble those
of the Lelia in almost every particular, but the pollen is that of Latlio-
cattleya, four of the pollinia being very small. There is also some in-
dication of the Cattleya parent in the habit. It was exhibited at the Royal
Horticultural Society’s meeting on October 27th last.

CYPRIPEDIUM x HARRISIANUM VIRESCENS.

mber of the Orchid Review there is a note

nature of this Cypripedium hybrid, and a
ures’ collection. I

ON page 300 of the October nu!
with reference to the sportive ics ee
request to know the behaviour of the plant im ®'r ® / i
may say that it bloomed again shortly after it came here, a need
simply an ordinary form of C. X Harrisianum. oat a ee al
produced on a different part of the plant. I at once took s . hae
Mr. Little of the facts, and have waited tolearn the result of his plan i next .
The plant here has now developed a second flower, from the grow’

326 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

the one which produced the green flower originally described in your pages.
It is just what one might term a poor form of C. x Harrisianum, being
neither one thing nor the other—that is to say, it is neither an ordinary
form of Harrisianum, nor yet the variety virescens as described. With
reference to the plant being potted in loam, there is a little mistake. When
I divided the plant I found that it had a mixture of a little loam, but the
greater portion of the potting material consisted of peat and sand, the :
whole being in a decayed condition, though the plant was perfectly healthy.
Tam afraid that evidence of this kind will not quite bear out the statement
of the expert reported at page 267 of the September number, that no
variety of Orchid would alter its character into another.
H. J. CHAPMAN.
Cambridge Lodge,
Camberwell.
A HYBRIDIST’S NOTES.
FURTHER observations on the time of ripening seed-pods have convinced
me that there is no fixed rule as to the influence of foreign pollen in this
matter, but that certain species have a prepot in infl ing the time
of ripening which other species do not possess. For example, Laelia anceps
pollen seems invariably to cut down the time needed to ripen pods of the
Cattleya labiata group by about six months, while pollen of the latter species
does not appreciably lengthen the time needed by an anceps pods to ripen.
On the other hand, Broughtonia sanguinea, which, both with its own and
with foreign pollen, ripens its seeds in 1} to 2 months, has no power to
quicken the ripening of C. Bowringiana, with which it gave good seed in 8}
months. Probably certain species have power to impress this, as well as
other peculiar characteristics, upon their hybrid offspring, just as the
Cattleyas of the guttata group always transmit the three-lobed lip to their
hybrids with species having an entire lip.

This summer a pod of C. Triane x labiata ripened, which was remark-
able in two ways—the pollen was 35 days old before it was used, and the
pod ripened in 7} months. Only a few seeds were plump, but one of them
grew fast, and is now pushing a leaf.

Cattleya Dowiana seems to have the most perishable pollen of any
Cattleya experimented with, as I get no pods from it if over a week or ten
days from the flower. Nor have I been able to get pods with C. Rex
pollen. of the same age. Very hot and damp weather seems to shorten the
life of all sorts of Orchid pollen very materially, though no change is visible
to the eye.

L. MEAD.
Oviedo, Florida. eer

ot.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 327

THE CYPRIPEDIUM GROUP.

SEVERAL years ago I commenced a study of the Orchidew, with a view of
ining the relationship of the different groups to each other, and
naturally commenced with the primitive group Apostasiee, a paper,
entitled ‘‘A Morphological and Systematic Review of the Apostasiex,”
being published in the Journal of the Linnean Society (Vol. XXV., pp. 211-
243, t. 48), in which the structure, affinities, and geographical distribution
of the group was fully discussed. .Subsequently, two species of the remark-
able genus Neuwiedia came into cultivation, and flowered at Kew, and an
account of its structural peculiarities was given in these pages two years
ago (supra, II., p. 70). The Cypripedium group follows next in natural
sequence, and as it occupies such an important position in gardens, an out-
line of the species, and their natural arrangement, cannot fail to be
interesting. And in order to make the account of the sub-order, Diandre,
complete, a brief account of the Apostasieze may also be included.

As regards the arrangement adopted, a few words must be said. Darwin
has very well pointed out that a system of classification, in order to be
natural, must be strictly genealogical, as the characters which indicate true
affinity between any two or more species are those which have been
inherited from a common parent. But as there is no written pedigree
we can only trace community of descent by a comparison of structural

g and diff es, carefully distinguishing between those characters
which indicate consanguinity, or real affinity, and those which are merely
adaptations for some special physiological effect, which latter are only
analogical resemblances, sometimes between members of quite distinct
groups. A difficulty presents itself here as to what are ancestral and what
adaptive characters, but it is evident that the two are essentially distinct. ;

Ancestral characters are those which have been the least modified in
relation to the conditions of life to which organisms have been Tecently
exposed, and consequently they may be recognised as those extending with
the greatest amount of uniformity throughout a group, and subject to the
least amount of variability. Moreover, they are invariably most apparent in
embryonic structures, becoming most masked or obscured in those stages
where the greatest amount of specialisation is devolved. And from this
the img of rudi -y organs in a natural scheme of classification
will be apparent. > : :

Adaptive characters are those by which an organism keeps itself in
harmony with changing conditions of existence, and these may produce
similarities of structure in organisms far apart by ties of consanguinity, ,
for example, in the pollinary apparatus of Orchids and Asclepiads, which
are adaptations for fertilisation by insects. Adaptive characters may in time

328 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

become ancestral ones if sufficiently beneficial to give rise to a dominant
group of organisms, the acquired characters being then handed down to all
the descendants in common. But when a group becomes dominant, and
widely diffused, some of its members again come under new conditions of
environment, still newer adaptations arise as the group diverges, and the
original adaptive character having served its purpose, may now only persist
in a modified or rudimentary form throughout the new group. From
these remarks the significance of the two sets of characters will be
apparent.

In the following sketch I have aimed at a natural arrangement, as far
as the broad features are concerned, but it is quite possible that future
discoveries may render modification necessary in some details.

SUBORDER I. DianpR&.

This suborder is characterised by the presence of either two or three
perfect stamens situated on one side of the flower, and by the pollen grains
being invariably simple. The stamens represent the lateral pair of the
inner staminal whorl, and the median one of the outer whorl. It contains
about a hundred known species, now arranged in seven genera. It is
sparingly diffused through the northern hemisphere, the tropics of America
and Asia, and along the Malay Archipelago to tropical Australia, but has
not been detected in any part of Africa.

Trise I. Apostasiea.

Perianth regular, or nearly so, with subequal segments; column very
short, filaments slender, anthers more or less elongated, pollen dry; style
slender with minute stigma. The tribe contains three genera and over a
dozen species, and ranges from Continental India and Ceylon through the
Malay Archipelago to tropical Australia.

Key to the Genera.
Three stamens all perfect, linear or oblong ; flowers in dense erect spikes
1. NEuwrepia, Blume.
Dorsal stamen imperfect or absent; flowers in pendulous simple or branched

spikes.
Dorsal stamen modified into a linear staminode, partly adnate to the
style; anthers with oblique base 2. AposTasiA, Blume.

Dorsal stamen entirely suppressed; anthers with equal base
3. ApactyLus, Rolfe.
I. NEUWIEDIA.

The most ancestral of existing Orchids, and of remarkably simple
structure, as the linear versatile anthers with slender filaments, and the
distinct style, are very different from those of most Orchids, though it agrees
in every other Tespect. It ranges from Malacca and Penang to New Guinea,
six species being known.

THE ORCHID REVIEW.
Key to the Species.
Segments 6—8 lin. long, yellow.
Anthers linear-oblong.
Ovary and sepals puberulous or bglab
Ovary and sepals puberulous.
Bracts narrowly lanceolate, 14-2} lin. broad
1. N. Lindleyi, Rolfe.

Bracts lanceolate-linear, 1-14 lin. broad
- N. calanthoides, Ridl.
N. Zollingeri, Rchb. f.
N. Curtisii, Rolfe.
N. veratrifolia, Blume.
N. Griffithii, Rehb. f.

Ovary and sepals subglabrous
Ovary and sepals pubescent
Anthers broadly oblong
Segments 3 lin. long, white

Set yey

II. Apostasta.
A small genus of five species, ranging from Continential India and
Ceylon, through the Malay Archipelago, to tropical Australia. The
median stamen of Neuwiedia is here reduced to a narrow staminode, and
the anthers are oblong and versatile, with oblique base.
Key to the Species.
Leaves lanceolate . ; ‘ b r

1. A. odorata, Blume.
Leaves elongate-linear.

Leaves 3-8 lin. broad. é : 2. A. Wallichii, R. Br.
Leaves 1}-2} lin. broad.
Australian species . ¢ 4 ° 3. A. stylidioides, Rchb. f.
Bornean species.
Panicle lax, ovary 5-7 lin. long. 4. A. gracilis, Rolfe.
Panicle congested, ovary 4 lin.
long ‘ 5. A. alba, Rolfe.

III. Apactytus.
A genus of three species, ranging from Continental India and Ceylon,
along the Malay Archipelago as far as Borneo. The third stamen is here
entirely suppressed, and the anthers are basifixed, with equal subcordate
ase, and sometimes partially cohere by their margins.
Key to the Species.
Leaves elongate-linear.
Leaves 3-5 lin. broad = 5. . 25) isa) 2 -- «81-0. nudus, Rolfe:
Leaves 4-7 lin. broad. Re Siem ara, ian ey A Lobbii, Rolfe.
Leaves broadly lanceolate 2 5 " 3. A. latifolius, Rolfe.
Tribe II. CypRIPEDIEZ. :
_Perianth irregular, with very unequal segments, the median petal
developed into a large saccate lip; column well developed, anthers
Subsessile, globose, pollen grains viscid, dorsal stamen modified into a

ioe THE ORCHID REVIEW.

generally more or less shield-shaped staminode ; stigma subsessile, shield-
shaped. The tribe contains about 86 known species, and is widely diffused
through the northern hemisphere, and part of tropical America and Asia, in
the latter ranging along the Malay Archipelago to the Philippines and New
Guinea. The species have been variously arranged in from one to three
genera, but from the following it will be seen that they can be arranged in
four natural groups, whose claim to generic rank now seems to be well
made out.
Key to the Genera.
Ovary 3-celled with axile placentas ; sepals valvate.
Leaves plicate ; perianth persistent ; seeds subglobose
4. SELENIPEDIUM, Rchb. f.
Leaves conduplicate ; perianth deciduous ;. seeds fusiform

5. PHRAGMIPEDIUM, Rolfe.

Ovary r-celled with parietal placentas; seeds fusiform.
Leaves plicate ; perianth persistent ; sepals valvate
6. CypripEpIuM, L.
Leaves conduplicate ; perianth deciduous 3 sepals imbricate
7. PAPHIOPEDIUM, Pfitz.
The history of this group is somewhat curious. For a long period all

the known species were referred to Cypripedium, but in 1846 Lindley
described the curious Uropedium Lindeni as a new genus of Cypripedie,
differing in its long tailed lip. In 1854 Reichenbach pointed out that it
had also the three-celled ovary of the Apostasiez, as had also the Tropical
American species of Cypripedium, which latter he separated under the
name of Selenipedium, gnising two sections, one with tall leafy stems
and plicate leaves, the other stemless, and with coriaceous leaves. It has
subsequently been proved that Uropedium is simply an abnormal state of
Selenipedium caudatum, and the former has been suppressed, it being
impossible to retain a name which would have been perpetually erroneous,

the lip of the normal forms not being tailed. In 1882 Dr. Pfitzer removed
the species of Selenipedi with i

P ‘ous leaves, and united them with
the Old World Cypripediums of similar habit, under the name of
Paphiopedilum (Morph. Stud. Orchideenbl., p. 1x), the characters relied upon
being the conduplicate leaves and deciduous perianth. This arrangement
has given rise to some discussion, which it is not necessary to repeat here,
though a few remaks must be made as to the validity of the above
arrangement. _ ‘

: It is quite evident that here are four perfectly natural groups with well-
defined characters. Selenipedium is neatly cut off from the other three by
its globose crustaceous seeds, as in Apostasiex, and Paphiopedi (in the
restricted sense here employed) by the imbricate Bepals. Dr. Pfitzer has

THE ORCHID REVIEIW. 33

pointed out the importance of the valvate or imbricate sepals in separating
certain groups of Orchids, and recently called my attention to its probable
extension to this particular group, which led me to examine a series of
buds, with the result above mentioned. This gives an additional character
for separating the American species with a three-celled ovary, which I have
contended were not naturally united with the Old World species with
unilocular ovary. Lindley, in 1842, remarked: ‘ There is something in the
habit of the Indian Lady’s slippers so peculiar that it was for a long time
thought that they would be found to possess characters to separate them
from their associates’ (Bot. Reg., XXVIII., sub. t. 17), and it is un-
fortunate that the character was not discovered sooner, when the change
of name would have caused less inconvenience. The character is very
marked, for in every species which I have been able to examine in the
proper condition the dorsal sepal is invariably folded within the lateral pair,
and the bud is laterally compressed, while in the other three genera the
bud is globose. It is rather curious that the first three genera should agree
in having valvate sepals, and the last three in having fusiform non-
crustaceous seeds.
4. SELENIPEDIUM.

A genus of three species found in Guiana, Brazil, and Central America.
They are tall, reed-like plants, with a terminal raceme of small flowers, and
the seeds globose, as in Apostasiez, or in Vanilla. The first two species
have fragrant fruits, and are used in the same way as Vanilla for flavouring
purposes. The species have retained the general habit of Apostasiz, as
well as the three-celled ovary and crustaceous globose seeds, in which
respect they differ from all the rest of the Cypripediez. The remainder of
the species referred here by Reichenbach are transferred to the following
genus. :

Key to the Species.
Leaves narrowly lanceolate < . 1. §. Chica, Rchb. f.
Leaves broadly lanceolate.

Inflorescence pubescent, staminode lanceolate :
2. S. Isabelianum, Rodr.

i i lliform-ovate
Inflorescence pilose, staminode tru pe i
5. PHRAGMIPEDIUM. ee ee
This genus comprises Selenipedium section © ‘Acaulia coriifolia of
Reichenbach, and Paphiopedilum section Phragmopedilum of Pfitzer,
about ten species being known. It has the ovary of Selenipedium, but
differs in habit, the conduplicate coriaceous strap-shaped leaves, the flower
articulated above the ovary and deciduous, and the fusiform sends Fi oe
Paphiopedium it differs in the three-celled ovary and valvate sepals. e

332 : THE ORCHID REVIEW.

genus is exclusively tropical American, ranging along the Andes from
Guatemala to Peru, with outlying species in Brazil and Guiana.
Key to the Species.
Petals elliptical or linear-oblong, obtuse.
Petals elliptical . : 3 - 1. P. Schlimii, Rolfe.
Petals liriear-oblong. ;
Petals drooping, twisted; side lobes of lip without a pair of white

tubercles 2. P. Lindleyanum, Rolfe.
Petals more horizontal, less twisted ; side lobes of lip bearing a pair of
white tubercles 3. P. Sargentianum, Rolfe.

Petals tapering to a narrower apex.
Petals under six inches long.
Leaves an inch or more broad.
Margins of petals nearly flat.
Staminode cordate, acute. 4. P. vittatum, Rolfe.
Staminode transversely oblong, obtuse
5. P. longifolium, Rolfe.
Margins of petals crisped-undulate. :
Lower sepal a quarter to a third exceeding the lip
6. P. Boissierianum, Rolfe.
Lower sepal nearly twice as long as lip
7. P. Czerwiakowianum, Rolfe.
Leaves about 4 inch broad.
Leaves with attenuate acute apex; ovary nearly glabrous
8. P. caricinum, Rolfe.
Leaves very little narrowed at apex ; ovary pubescent
g. P. Klotzschianum, Rolfe.
Petals a foot or more long . ‘ - 10. P. caudatum, Rolfe.
: 6. CyPRIPEDIUM.

This genus comprises all the Cypripediums with plicate leaves, and a
persistent perianth, with valvate sepals. It differs from, Selenipedium in
the one-celled ovary with parietal placentas, and the fusiform not
crustaceous seeds. It is widely diffused in Europe, temperate Asia, and
North America, about 30 species being known.

: Key to the Species.
Lip Saccate-globose.
Flowers from the axil of a bract.
Nerves .of leaves converging at the apex.
Leaves three or more.
Lateral sepals free 1. C. arietinum, R. Br.
Lateral sepals united.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 333

Dorsal sepal ovate-lanceolate; petals narrow and longer than
lip.
Leaves elliptical or ovate-oblong, 1—3 in. broad.
Staminode trulliform-ovate, flat.
Lip laterally subcompressed, 1}—14"in. long
_ 2. C, pubescens, Willd.
Lip dorsally subcompressed, }—1 in. long
3. C. parviflorum, Salisb.
Staminode oblong, concave or conduplicate.
Sepals and petals deep purple-brown.
Lip yellow (European) 4. C. Calceolus, L.
Lip white (N. American) 5. C. montanum, Dougl.
Sepals and petals green or yellow.
Flowers solitary
Lip 7—10 in. long . 6. C. candidum, Muhl.
Lip r—1} in. long . 7. C.cordigerum, D. Don.
Flowers two or more . 8. C. Henryi, Rolfe.
Leaves lanceolate, }—1} in. broad
g. C. yunnanense, Franch.
Dorsal sepal broadly ovate or elliptical; petals usually broad
and not much longer than the lip.
Sepals and petals purple or striped.
Staminode yellow . 10. C. fasciolatum, Franch.
Staminode purple.
Lip about 13—2 in. long.
Flowers almost uniform rose-purple
11. C. macranthum, Swartz.
Flowers veined with blackish purple on a light
ground. . 12. C. tibeticum, King.
Lip 1—1} in. long . 13. C. himalaicum, Rolfe.
Sepals and petals white or yellow.
Sepals and petalswhite 14. C. Regine, Walt.
Sepals and petals yellow.
Flowers solitary.
Lip over an inch long
15. C. luteum, Franch.
Lip under $-inch long
16. C. passerinum, Richards.
Flowers two or more on a raceme.
Lip 2 inches long . 17. C. Irapeanum, Llave &
Lex.
Lip $-inch long ._‘18. C. californicum, A. Gray.

334 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

Leaves two, alternate or subopposite.
Leaves elliptical or ovate-oblong, alternate.

Lip }—1 in. long. ’ + 19.C. guttatum, Swartz.

Lip 1}—2 in. long. : - 20. C. acaule, Ait.
Leaves ovate or elliptical ovate, subopposite.

Flowers in racemes ; - 21. C. fasciculatum, Kell.

Flowers solitary,
Leaves ovate, stem villose . 22. C. elegans, Rchb. f,
Leaves subcordate, stem
glabrous z + 23. C. debile, Rchb. f.
Nerves of leaves radiating to margin . 24. C. japonicum, Thumb.
Flowers ebracteate.
Flowers an inch long
Flowers about $-inch long
Lip trigonous and boat-shaped.

5. C. ebracteatum, Rolfe.
6. C. micranthum, Franch.

hy ok

Leaves elliptical-oblong, 3—5in. long . 27. C. margaritaceum,Franch.
Leaves suborbicular, over 6 in, long - 28. C. Fargesii, Franch.
R. A. RoLFe.

(To be continued.)

eee TL

\

QUICK HYBRIDISATION OF ORCHIDS.

GLANCING over my notes on Orchid culture, I have come across an instance
of quick culture which tends to remove the impression that Orchid seed
production is always a protracted Process. On March 28th, 1896, I applied
the pollen of Phaius grandifolius to the stigma of Bletia catenulata. A pod
formed, which ripened and burst on May roth. The seeds were planted
the same day, and on June 4th we had a batch of seedlings up, some of
which are now nice little plants with several leaves. Microscopical
examination showed thtee per cent. of the seeds to contain embryos. It
will be observed that the seeds mentioned above only took twenty-five days
to germinate, and the whole period from the application of the pollen to the
germination of the seed was only nine weeks and five days.

ALEx. HopGKINSON.
The Grange,

Wilmslow.

and possibly establishes a record, though we are not sure if previous
examples have been recorded in quite the same way. We shall hope to
hear of the Progress of these interesting seedlings, as it will be remembered
om io first plant of Disa x kewensis flowered when only eighteen months
old.—Ep.]

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 335
ODONTOGLOSSUM HUNNEWELLIANUM.

Tuis pretty little Odontoglossum is now flowering well in the collection of
W. J. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, Staffordshire, and furnishes
the opportunity to say that it was probably in this collection that it first
flowered in Europe, in May, 1889. Mr. Stevens then sent it to Kew, stating
that it had been purchased as Odontoglossum species at Protheroe and
Morris’s Rooms in the previous December, and that the old flower spikes
showed fourteen to. sixteen flowers. It was not identified, and was laid
aside as possibly a natural hybrid. A few weeks later it also flowered with
the importers, Messrs. F. Sander and Co., and was described as Odonto-
glossum Hunnewellianum (Rolfe in Gard. Chron., 1889, vi., p. 67), the earlier
specimen being then overlooked. Soon afterwards it flowered in numerous
collections, and it appears that it was introduced in quantity. It is said to
grow at a very high altitude, near Bogota, in New Granada, and was dis-
covered by Mr. Oscar Bobisch. It bears a good deal of resemblance to a
small light-coloured form of O. sceptrum, but is markedly different in
having entire column wings, in which respect it is comparable with O.
Pescatorei, and thus is very distinct from every other species.
R.A. R.

PERISTERIA ELATA,

A FINE specimen of this plant (the Dove Orchid) is at present to be seen in
bloom at Sparken, Worksop, the residence of J. D. Ellis, Esq. It is
growing in a 20-inch pot, and has sixteen bulbs and five flower spikes.
_ Some of the largest bulbs measure 14 inches in circumference and 7 inches
in depth, the tallest spike being 5 feet 3 inches in height, and has upwards
of forty blooms or flower buds on it. There are a total of 170 expanded
flowers or buds on the five spikes. This is one of the most robust and
healthy specimens of this well-known Orchid I have seen. It is growing in
a light span-roofed house, and is only slightly shaded from the bright sun.
On inquiring of Mr. Alderman, the gardener, the treatment he gave it, I
found it was somewhat different to what is usually recommended. Peat,
sphagnum, charcoal, and sand are the ingredients used in the compost. It
is potted annually in February, before growth has commenced, all the old
soil is removed and replaced with new. It is found that this variety has
active root action before any growth appears ; a copious supply of water is
given during its growing season, and the plant is kept quite dry sigs at
rest. It is an old-fashioned plant, but the flowers are much appreciated at
bazaars, where flowers from this plant have been lately sold for 2s. 6d. each.
—S. in Journ. of Hort., Oct. 15th, p. 377- .

336 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

ORCHIDS IN THE LAW COURTS.
THE case of Rappart versus the Owen trustees was reported at page 267 of
our September issue. A second trial was granted to the defendants, who
on the former occasion allowed judgment to go by default. The case was
heard at the City of London Court on October 26th, and occupied about
three hours. Both parties were represented by counsel. For the plaintiff
appeared as witnesses Mr. James O'Brien, Secretary of the R.H.S. Orchid
Committee, Mr. James. McNab, from Messrs. F. Sander and Co., and
Mr, Baguley, of Messrs. Charlesworth and Co. It will be remembered that
the claim was for three plants purchased at the sale of the Selwood
collection in August, 1895, as Cattleya Skinneri alba, Odontoglossum x
elegans, and Dendrobi X . splendidissi grandifl which on
flowering proved-untrue to name. After the plaintiff had stated his case,
Mr. Baguley gave evidence that he had been for over fifteen years in the
Orchid trade, that he knew varieties of Orchids well. In April last he
called on the plaintiff, when the so-called Odontoglossum x elegans was in
flower, and when questioned as to whether it was true to name he could say
without the slightest hesitation that it was not O. x elegans, but an
ordinary variety of O. Hallii, worth about 2s. 6d. He was sure that he
had not made a mistake. Mr. McNab, the “next witness, stated that he
called in May on Mr. Rappart, and saw the so-called Cattleya Skinneri alba
in flower. It was not an albino at all. The lip was purple. and the sepals
and petals light rose. In his opinion an albino never changed colour.
Mr. J. O'Brien gave evidence that true albinos always came true every time
when flowering, and that only those that in the first instance were not true,
and which ought never to have had the title of alba given to them, came
with a little colour. The defendant's case then commenced. Mr. Watts,
the late Mr. Owen’s gardener, on being called, was understood to say that

according to his recollecti n the Odont gh x elegans and Cattleya
Skinneri alba had never flowered while in their collection, but had been
purchased in flower ; but the Dendrobj Seen pee re Pe a Hacanl

os So
had flowered, and was true toname. Mr. W. H. Protheroe, the auctioneer,
was also called by the defendants, but stated that he did not consider the
Dendrobium true to name. It came from the Quorn House collection, and
they had proved generally untrue from there. He had had a lot of trouble
with all the D. x splendidissi diflorum from that collection.
Four different complaints had reached him about plants that came from
the ‘Selwood collection being untrue to name. Mr. Commissioner Ker
said that it seemed doubtful whether albinos might not after all revert
to the coloured variety, and Odontoglossum x elegans to ordinary Hallii,
but he reserved judgment until he had read the shorthand notes over agai.

a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 3:
LORD ROTHSCHILD.

beautiful Cattleya x

CATTLEYA x
THE accompanying illustration re presents the : Lord
Rothschild, from the collection of T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield,
Manchester, and is specially given in order to show what can be done by
encouraging root action, though it also seryes to show the general character
of the plant on a rather reduced scale. The photograph, however, is not
reproduced in its entirety, as it would have more than filled this page, but

Fic. 16. CaTrLeya X Lorp RoTHs
he fact that exactly

Mr.

the appearance of the original may be inferred from
three-fifths of the total length of the roots have b
Johnson writes that the longest roots on the plant

is indeed remarkable. He also states:—‘‘ It has not re
treatment apart from the rest of the Catt : =
the cylinder basket for Cattleyas, as the roots seem to find their way out-

ceived any special
I prefer

leyas in the collection.

338 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

wards and travel downwards, as in the photo. I have many with a great
deal of root action, and I attribute it to keeping the Cattleya house well
damped down three-or four times a day. I never give my Cattleyas much
water at thé root, but try to give them plenty in the atmosphere of the
house. Plenty of moisture and bottom ventilation are the best things I can
find in growing Cattleyas.”” Weave had occasion to speak of the ex-
cellenée of the results obtained in this collection on more than one occasion,
and refer our readers to the account given at, page 291 of our second yolume,
It was there pointed out that “ very little top air is admitted at any time,
but the bottom ventilators are almost always open. The larger plants are
grown on stone benches, in’ which a number of circular holes are cut.
Underneath are water tanks and the hot water pipes, so that the air which
is continually coming in becomes warm and moist before reaching the
plants.” To prevent misapprehension, it should be added that the pipes
are not in the water, but above it, and near the ventilators. There can be
no doubt that healthy root action is one great secret of success in the culture
of all classes of Orchids—as, indeed, of all kinds of plants—and those who
think: their method of culture open to improvement cannot do better than
embody the above hints in their practice.

Respecting the history of this handsome hybrid, we may add that it was
raised in the establishment of Messrs. F. Sander & Co., of St. Albans, its”
parents being Cattleya Gaskelliana @ and C. Dowiana aurea 3, and that
it received a First-class Certificate on October 24th, 1893, from the Royal
Horticultural Society. The flowers are of good size and substance, and
distinctly combine the characters of the two parents, though those of the
seed parent come out the most conspicuously. The sepals and petals ate
of a light rose-pink shade, the latter being slightly veined with white, and
the lip rich dark velyet crimson in front, with a white fringed margin, and
a deep orange throat conspicuously veined with brown along the disc. The
golden veining of the pollen parent is very distinct on the exterior of the
side lobes. The flowers rep din the photograph were kindly sent
after they had been open three weeks, and measured 6% inches in diamete!
across the petals, which organs were 2} inches in diameter, and the front
lobe of the lip nearly as broad. As might naturally be expected, there is
certain general resemblance to some forms of C. x Hardyana, though, of
course, the two hybrids are thoroughly distinct. :

‘There cabs three other hybrids between C. Dowiana aurea and speci
Aer ae 8 and, as might be expected, there is a strong all

em. They are C. x Fabia, C. x Kienastiana, 4”
C. x Empress Frederick, the second parent being, respectively, C- Jabiata,
C. Lueddemanniana and C. Mossize.

oe oe ed

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 339

ODONTOGLOSSUM UROSKINNERI ALBUM.

Tue history of this curious plant was given at page 334 of our first volume,
and two years later some further notes appeared (pp. 259, 290). The
following account by Mr. De Barri Crawshay, of Rosefield, Sevenoaks,
appeared in the Gardener’s Chronicle for October 17th (p. 456): ‘‘ This plant
passed into my collection on October roth, 1893, and is now again in bloom
for the second time; the 1893 spike was its first appearance. The history
of this rarity is as follows:—In The Garden of August 21st, 1886, is a note
mentioning that there are seedlings of Odontoglossum in Mr. Buchan’s
collection at Southampton. At the sale of the collection General Berkeley,
of Southampton, purchased the seedlings, that had grown fairly strong. In
1893 the first plant bloomed. It appeared to be a white-lipped O. Uro-
skinneri. The Orchid Committee gave it the A. M. under that name.
There was diversity of opinion, but it was hoped that, given further time
and more plants, blooming would prove it.

“Tn 1895 Mr. E. Ashworth bought the remainder of this plant, as well as
the other seedlings of the same batch. I have just had Mr. Ashworth’s
letter saying none of his plants will bloom this season, much to my dis-
appointment, for I hoped that 1896, being its tenth year, would settle the
matter; but my plant is the only one out of the batch that has as yet
bloomed. Referring to the correspondence I had with the late Mr. Buchan
in August, 1886, I find that his gardener, Mr. Osborne, does not remember
if he crossed the Uroskinneri flowers or whether it was merely self-
fertilised. This is unfortunate, as there is but the plant to prove the
second parent, and to those who are familiar with Orchid hybrids this is
barely enough, for in many cases it is very hard to see which the parents
were. With the plant now before me, as well as O. Uroskinneri (the known
mother), and O. bictoniense, it is hard to prove, but easy to believe that O.
Rossii had a hand in the deal, or perhaps O. X Humeanum, on account of
the yellow sepals and petals. But the crest of the lip excludes O. Rossii
in toto, for it is that of true Uroskinneri. The form, as well as the colour
of the lip say “ Rossii” plainly enough ; so here are two “ points” in the
chief segment of the bloom in direct opposition to each other. So the lip,
barring its colour, is like that of Uroskinneri. Now we come to a pure
yellow column, with form and wings like its mother. Where does the rosy
colour go to, and where does the yellow come from under the influence of
self-fertilisation ? So what is the column? Now the petals. These are
narrower than in O. Uroskinneri; they are yellow, faintly dotted all over
with a darker shade. How is the banding and aggregation of brown of O.
Uroskinneri’s petals turned into dots all over the petal ? The sepals follow
the same line as the petals, except the depth of keel on their backs. The

340 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

spike has O. Uroskinneri on a much smaller scale, opening one or two
blooms at a time, but the bracts and buds are different. Finally, the plant
—its leaves and bulbs are smaller and more delicate than those of O.
Uroskinneri, hence the evidence is here for Rossii parentage, the leaf joins
the bulb rather peculiarly, and the bulbs are more elongated and less spotted
than O. Uroskinneri. Which was the father ? ”

1

CYPRIPEDIUM x BURFORDIENSE.

At the Royal Horticultural Society’s meeting on October 27th a fine hybrid
Cypripedium was exhibited from the collection of Walter C. Clarke, Esq.,
Orleans House, Sefton Park, Liverpool, whose parentage was somewhat
doubtful. A coloured drawing of the same had previously been sent to us by
Mr. Clarke, who wrote that it was purchased by him three or four years ago
as a seedling with parentage “C. Argus Moensii x vexillarium,”’ but now
that it had flowered he was doubtful about the second parent. After
examining the plant as well as the drawing it is quite evident that one
parent belonged to the racemose group, and on comparing them individually
we are satisfied that it must have been C. philippinense, whose influence
can be traced in numerous particulars. As to the seed parent, we have no
hesitation in accepting the record as correct. This would make it a form
of C. x burfordiense, a plant raised in the collection of Sir Trevor
Lawrence, which we have not seen, but which is recorded as a supposed
hybrid between C. Argus and C. philippinense (Rchb. f. in Gard. Chron.,
1888, iv., p. 724). If this is correct, C. X Bryani must be considered as a
form of the same hybrid. This was raised in the collection of Norman C.
Cookson, Esq., from C. philippinense ? and C. Argus g, and received an
Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society on July 26th, 1892
(Gard. Chron., 1892, xii., p- 138). It isa very handsome hybrid, and the
plant exhibited by Mr. Clarke well combines the characters of the two
parents. The leaves are longer and greener than in C. Argus, but with
the characteristic markings, while the scape is tall, and has the
marked racemose character of the other parent. The same influence is
seen in the shape of the staminode and petals, which latter bear numerous
large blotches, asin C. Argus. In other respects the flower is quite
intermediate between the two parents, both in shape and colour, so that it
is unnecessary to make a longer description. We would again impress
upon our readers the importance of making careful records of all their
crosses, as so many hybrids of mixed parentage are now appearing that it
becomes increasingly difficult to make them out by comparison only, and
these records will be important in the future,

THE ORCHID REVIEIt. 34i

GONGORAS IN TRINIDAD.

“ GRISEBACH’S Flora of the British West Indies records Gongora atropurpurea,
Hook., as indigenous to Trinidad. Hooker's Exotic Flora relates that a
plant was sent in 1825 to the Liverpool Botanic Garden from Trinidad by
Baron de Schach. The Kew List (1895) gives it as a native of British
Guiana. Dr. H. H. Rusby’s late expedition to the delta of the Orinoco
found it fairly plentiful there, so that it will probably be found in the
greater part of the tropical regions of South America on the Atlantic slope.
It is a plant that flowers freely every year at the Gardens, growing upon
blocks of wood or bark without covering of any kind at the root. Gongoras,
like several other Orchids, have, when in good health, two classes of roots.
First, the main, or clinging roots; and, secondly, the upright or vertical.
These upright or vertical roots are found in Gongora, Coryanthes,
Catasetum, and Epidendrum, and always commence growth during the
moist season, having the green and growing point exactly vertical. On this
point is to be seen in damp weather radiant globules of moisture. In dry
weather the green and growing point entirely disappears, by gradually
tapering away into a needle-shaped point, when it becomes covered with
the white covering common to the clinging roots, and becomes practically
non-absorbent.

“‘ These roots are similar to those exhibited by mangrove and other swamp
plants. If the surroundings to lagoon plants are examined closely it will be
found that, proceeding from the roots which are below the surface of the mud,
there are countless thousands of tips that are exactly perpendicular. That
these roots perform some function, important both to Orchids and to
mangroves, &c., is clearly apparent, as where they are most abundant the
plant and the tree is most vigorous and in the most robust health. But
what that function is exactly is not yet clear to us, but the feature is such a
notable one that it is deserving of further close inquiry.

“Beside Gongora atropurpurea we have Gongora maculata, Lindley,
which is given by some as a synonym of Gongora quinquenervis, Ruiz and
Pavon. This is a much prettier Orchid from a florist’s point of view than
the first mentioned, and flowers more freely.

“ Besides these, we have another Gongora, which gives a straw-white
flower and is distinguished by lighter-coloured pseudobulbs, but for the
present we place this with the last-named as a variety. Whether the two
latter are deserving of specific distinction is a matter for specialists to
settle, but the variation shown in the form of bulbs and the colour of the
flower leads to the belief that the three are merely forms of the one species
indicated by the flower being almost identical in form, no matter what
colour is assumed or what shape is put on by the pseudobulb.

342 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

“Whether they are eventually proved to be species or mere varieties, it
still remains that there are three forms of Gongora native to Trinidad :—
tst, the dark purple; 2nd, the spotted ; and 3rd, the straw-coloured ; all of
which are easy of cultivation at or near sea-level, in positions sheltered
from the wind.”—J. H. Hart, in Trinidad Bulletin, 1896, p. 222.

[The vertical arrangement of the rootlets here described is very curious,
and deserves further investigation. We have several times seen it in
Catasetum, but could not suggest any reason for the peculiarity, but if it is
common to other lagoon and swamp plants, it may be a provision for
enabling the roots to get out-of the water in order to feed on the gases in
the air. Further observation, however, seems necessary on this point.
With respect to the species of Gongora mentioned, it is certain that G.

p and G. quing vis, which are both natives of Trinidad, are
thoroughly distinct species, and a comparison of the basal horns of the lip
and adjacent tissue would show some striking structural differences, beside
the colour. The white variety mentioned is probably the white variety of
G. nigrita, Lindl., which is well known in British Guiana. There does not
appear to be any direct evidence of the occurrence of G. nigrita in Trinidad,
but so many Orchids are common to the two areas that it is highly probable
it also occurs there. This, too, is a quite distinct species, and the white
form found in Guiana is simply an albino of it. No doubt the Kew
authorities could settle these doubtful points if specimens were submitted to
them.—Ep.]

NOVELTIES.

ACANTHOPHIPPIUM EBURNEUM, Kranzl.—A species very closely allied to A-
Curtisii, Rchb. f., which flowered in the collection of Mr. P. Walter, of
Magdeburg-Wilhel dt, in July last. The flowers are ivory-white, with a
yellawieh lip, and orange crest.—Gard. Chron., Sept. 5th, p. 266.

DENDROBIUM JENNYANUM, Kranzl.—A tall species closely allied to D-
Mirbelianum, Gaud., which flowered with M. Zollinger-Jenny, of Zurich, in
August last. It produces long racemes of flowers, which have greenish-
yellow sepals and petals, and a white lip with some yellow at the base.—
Gard. Chron., Sept. 19th, p. 329.

Goncora SANpERIANA, Kranzl.—A Peruvian species closely allied to G-
portentosa, Rchb. f., from which it is said to differ in various particulars,
notably in the darker colour of the flower and in some details of the lip. It
recently flowered with Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, who imported
it.—Gard. Chron., Oct. 17th, p. 456.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 343
CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR NOVEMBER.

By H. A. BURBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.

THE temperatures for the different departments will continue much the
same as advised for last month. If any difference is made, the tendency
should naturally lean to a few degrees lower rather than higher. The
frequency of damping down is now much a question of the outside
conditions of the weather, and the amount of fire heat which it may be
necessary to use. If the weather should be mild and murky once a day
will probably suffice. © But should it be cold and frosty, with drying winds,
then twice, or even three times in the warm departments, may be
necessary.

Those quaint Orchids, Cycnoches, Catasetum, and Mormodes, have
now finished flowering, and must be given a long dry rest throughout the
winter months. They object to a cold temperature at any time, even when
they are perfectly dry and resting. They will pass the winter very well
placed at the warmest and dryest end of the Cattleya house, or it will be
quite safe to keep them in the East Indian department altogether. Too
much cold and wet is the ruination of this class of Orchid; even when in
full growth during summer, and when the compost sparkles with bristling
live roots, it is necessary to water very carefully, otherwise the new growths
may damp off. The roots of all the above species invariably perish when
the plants are resting, but this fact does not seem to much matter so long
as new compost, small receptacles, and plenty of warmth is given when they
again start to grow in the spring.

The lovely Cattleya labiata will, of course, be the greatest attraction this
month. The more I make the acquaintance of this species, the more Iam
convinced that it has not a robust constitution. It seems to require some-
thing a little different from the general conditions of the Cattleya house,
which contain and grow most others of the same genus so well. What
that something is I am not quite prepared to say, but from observations
made this year I shall try a new experiment next spring by subjecting a few
plants to much more shade. I may say the same by C. Dowiana aurea and
and C. Mendelii, all three of which seemed to me to suffer during the early
part of this summer. What could be the cause other than the excessive
sunshine is to me a puzzle. I don’t mean to say that they went seriously
wrong; but what I do say is, that beyond doubt they shrivelled up a good
deal more than I care to see them, and I think also beyond what they
should by nature do. I never like to see Cattleyas, or, indeed, any other
Orchid, shrivel too much; it is best to keep them plump, if possible.
Cattleya Schrodere and C. maxima are two othérs that I think should be
kept pretty well shaded, especially during spring and early summer. Some

344 THE ORCHID REVIEW,

others, such as I have from time to time mentioned in these pages, delight in
a large amount of direct sunshine, and are not put about in the slightest if
grown with the Mexican Lelias, but on the other hand seem to prefer it
and prosper. C. Lawrenceana is always late and slow growing. It is not
a difficult species by any means, but it is simply a warmer growing kind
than most others, and it should occupy at the present time the warmest
house, at least until the new pseudobulbs are properly made up.

Beware of the autumn flowering Cattleyas, and more especially C.
labiata and C. Dowiana aurea, losing their new leaves by rot, caused by
damping immediately the flower spike is cut off. This they are very apt to
do, and when it occurs it is, of course, a misfortune, for the plant becomes
greatly weakened. See that the sheath is wholly removed, and cut away close
to the pseudobulb, with a sharp knife, the whole of the flower spike. When
this precaution is taken it is usually effective, and the rot will rarely take
place unless the conditions of the phere are greatly at fault.

The time of year has now arrived when extra care should be exercised
when watering. A bad or careless waterer is one who will go through his
houses at fixed intervals and water everything indiscriminately. A good
waterer will look over his plants every day, and will in the first place take
into consideration the existing conditions of the weather; then, the
condition of the plant, whether growing or dormant, deciduous or ever-
green; the amount of compost round the roots, &c. Briefly speaking, a
very little water will satisfy the requirements of all species that are more or
less growing during winter; they will need to be kept just moist only,
whilst those that are inactive should be watered frequently enough to keep
them from shrivelling and plump, this will vary according to the species
and the temperature they are in. For instance, there are two evergreen
species, Coelogyne cristata and Dendrobium thyrsiflorum, which will rest in
a cool department, where the temperature will average about 50°—say from
45° to 55°, or even lower—and in such a temperature a very little water
indeed will be found necessary to keep them plump; no more, in fact, then
the leafless Dendrobium Wardianum, which will be in the same house, will
teceive. With the exception of D. Devonianum, I do not like to keep
the other Dendrobiums quite so cool when resting, as they will not stand it.
D. nobile, D. Findl Dy: inode, and such like species, are, I
fancy, better if not peually falling below 50°.

Many Cypripediums are now in bloom, amongst others C. Spicerianum,
C. insigne, and C. Charlesworthii will show up in force. These are some-
times recommended as Cool house Orchids, but I find they really do best in
the Intermediate house. Selenipedium Schlimii, S. longifolium, and S. X
Sedeni are also in flower. The first-named is an intermediate species, but
the others grow best in the warmest house.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 345

The sweetly scented Pleione lngenaria is most effective when well grown
and in good bloom. They are now just going over, and should soon be
repanned and suspended in the Cool house, keeping the compost moist.
They start growing immediately, and do not appreciate much drought.

The genus Phalzenopsis is one liable to mystify Orchid growers. In one
garden it will grow like a weed without the slighest trouble, while in
another it will not. Every house in turn is tried, and every dodge resorted
to, to make the different species grow and present a respectable appearance,
but all to no purpose. It seems to be simply a matter of finding the right
house, and giving the right temperature ; the latter is easy enough when the
former is found. As a guide to success I would advise that a house be
selected that lies sheltered from the north winds, and that the hot water
pipes are arranged so that a sufficient supply of warmth can always be had
when wanted, thus avoiding great fl i in the perat The
thermometer during winter should never be allowed to fall below 60°, and
only that during the very coldest weather, during which time the plants
should be quite two feet away from the glass; otherwise, the cold strikes
down to the foliage and causes spot—not the watery, but indented spots.
The plants must never be allowed to receive much direct sunshine, not even
during winter, whilst during summer they should be heavily shaded against
the sun. In summer water should be supplied pretty liberally, and in
winter rather sparingly. The atmosphere should be kept fairly moist, but
never be tempted to run hot water pipes through the water tank with a view
of causing a moist atmosphere, because this generally proves too much and
results in watery spots. Keep the air sweet and healthy in winter by a little
bottom ilati When rebasketing do not, if it can be avoided, take
the plants out of their baskets, but remove the old material carefully with a
stick and fill up with new. Ants are deadly enemies, and must be kept
away at all costs. Thrips are also troublesome, but these can more easily
be got rid of by fumigation or by tobacco powder, or both. Phalanopses
should now be producing their flower spikes, which should be allowed to
remain only if the plants are strong. Oncidium Papilio and 0: Krameri-
anum always grow first class when the Phalznopses are doing likewise; they
are undoubtedly both fond of heat.

It is mostly necessary at this season to re-arrange the plants to some
extent in most of the houses, so that each plant may have the position
deemed most suitable for the winter months. The best position for the
various species often takes a good long time to find out, but when once done
the advantages are soon apparent. In the Cattleya house, for instance, all
those that are growing more or less should be given the warmest and
moistest part, whilst those that are quite dormant should : be kept by
themselves. The same in the Intermediate houses. The Cypripediums and

346 : THE ORCHID REVIEW.

such like that are growing should be arranged together, and so on. Take
care and do not place the Miltonia vexillarias in too moist a part, rather
preferring a dry postion. Then again, if such kinds as Dendrobium
J i D.i Oncidium cheirophorum, Nanodes Meduse,
Masdevallia tovarensis, M. Shuttleworthii, M. Chimera, &c., have been
summering in the coolest house, as is some times done, they will now
require to be removed back to the Intermediate house. I think, also, that
the Cool house is too much during winter for Oncidium Forbesii. The
Cymbidiums I am leaving this year in the Cool house, and they seem to be
stronger for it. The Anguloas always remain here at the driest end, and
henceforth will be kept pretty dry at bas Toot. It is better also to find a
rather dry position for the E Li for if the moisture
hangs about them much during winter it causes an unnecessary loss of
foliage.

Lelia anceps, and the other winter flowering short bulbed Lelias, will
give the next big show of flower. They are now fast pushing up their
spikes. L. autumnalis and L. albida are, I think, the most difficult of these
kinds to keep long in first rate condition; but with plenty of light and air,
even these will submit to cultivation, and grow fairly satisfactorily. When
the growing conditions are near the mark and they deteriorate, then the
chief cause undoubtedly is that they are allowed to over flower themselves.
What will a strong pseudobulb not do? I have seen spikes so thick and
long, that, if tested, I know would often weigh three or four times as much
as the bulb and leaf together from which they sprang. That is, of course,
well and good for the time being; but it must not happen too often.
Doubtless the same plant, or portion of the plant, will the following year
produce another spike, but from a bulb naturally greatly reduced by the
last great strain. Should this small bulb be allowed to carry its spike to
a flowering stage, in spite of its present exhausted state, the fate of
that plant is practically sealed ; it is doomed to enter a stage from which it
will be a difficult task to redeem it. This is not giving them a fair chance.

Remember to call in the Orchid grower’s greatest friend, fresh air, at all
times when it can reasonably be done. For warm growing kinds the top
ventilators if opened must, of course, be done with a good deal of caution,
but for the Cool house kinds, supposing the outside temperature is not lower
than 45°, plenty of ventilation should always be had, both top and bottom.
When it is below that figure it is best to open the ventilators on the
leeward side only. A sure sign of insufficient air is when the tips of the
Odontoglossum leaves decay and require trimming up, or when a mildewy
spot comes upon them. Most of these species are growing throughout the
winter, but nevertheless must be watered very carefully, and not kept
water-logged, as used to be the custom.

4
P

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 347

ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICUTURAL SOCIETY.

THERE was a very interesting lot of Orchids at the Royal Horticultural
Society’s meeting at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on October
13th last, some of the exhibits being particularly fine, and three First-class
Certificates were awarded ; also a Gold Medal to a wonderful specimen of
Vanda Sanderiana from the collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., and a
Silver Flora Medal for the magnificent Cattleya x Hardyana ‘“ Countess
of Derby,” from that of T. Statter, Esq., as will be seen from the following
report :-—

J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South Woodford, Essex (gr. Mr.
Davis), exhibited a magnificent specimen of Vanda Sanderiana, quite a
large clump, with numerous spikes bearing an aggregate of 127 flowers. It
had formerly 137, but one of the spikes was over. It was a splendidly-
grown and flowered specimen, and the Orchid Committee marked their
appreciation of it by awarding it a Gold Medal.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
again exhibited the beautiful Cattleya x Hardyana “ Countess of Derby”
in magnificent condition, the pure white sepals and petals setting off the
massive and richly-coloured lip to the greatest advantage. It received a
First-class Certificate in 1894, and on this occasion a Silver Flora Medal was
deservedly awarded. From the same collection came the beautiful Cattleya
X Prince of Wales, and C. bicolor ccerulea, which is unique in its peculiar
slate-blue lip.

C. L. N. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
staged a small group of very handsome bybrids, to which a Silver Banksian
Medal was given. It contained Cattleya x Firefly (C. Dormaniana ? X
C. Bowringiana ¢ ), a pretty little rose-purple flower, not yet fully developed ;
a light form of Lalio-cattleya X Andreana; Lelio-cattleya x T. W. Bond
(C. labiata @ X L. purpurata 3), a fine hybrid resembling L.-c. x
eximia, but approaching the seed parent in the time of flowering ; and
three others to which special awards were given. These were Cattleya Xx
Triumph (C. Luedd i pee Org 3), a brilliant, almost
uniformly coloured form, most like a light form of the latter, with a trace of
darker marking on the lip, to which a First-class Certificate was given ;
Cattleya x Eclipse (C. maxima 2 X C. Skinneri 3), most like C. maxima,
but with a more trumpet-shaped lip; and C. x Jupiter (L. Lawrenceana ? X
C. Warscewiczii 3), a very light-coloured form. The two latter each
received an Award of Merit. -

E. Ashworth, Esq., Harefield Hall, Wilmslow, showed a very beautiful
variety of Cattleya labiata, called “ Mrs. E. Ashworth,” to which a First-
class Certificate was given. It is comparable with C. 1. elegans, the sepals

348 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

and petals being pure white, and the front of the lip bright crimson-purple,
broadly margined with white.

F. Wheatley, Esq., Ringmore, Teignmouth, Devon, sent a beautiful
form of Cattleya Dowiana, called Wheatley’s variety, in which the sepals
and petals were white, with only a very faint trace of yellow, the lip being
like that of C. D. aurea. A First-class Certificate was awarded.

A. H. Smee, Esq., The Grange, Carshalton (gr. Mr. Cummins), received
an Award of Merit for the pretty little Comparettia speciosa, with three of
its graceful racemes of light orange flowers.

J. C. Ramdens, Esq., Willingshurst, Shamley Green, Guildford (gr. Mr.
Nash), exhibited a splendidly-grown plant of Vanda ccerulea, with two
spikes and an aggregate of twenty-five flowers, to which a Cultural Com-
mendation was given.

G. S. Ball, Esq., Ashford, Wilmslow, Cheshire (gr. Mr. Hay), sent a fine
flower of the beautiful Cypripedium insigne Sandere.

De Barri Crawshay, Esq., Rosefield, Sevenoaks (gr. Mr. Cooke),
sent Odontoglossum Uroskinneri album, the curious seedling which has been
mentioned in these pages on two or three occasions, but whose exact origin
still remains doubtful.

T. W. Swinburne, Esq., Corndean Hall, Winchcombe, Cheltenham,
exhibited a good form of Cypripedium Charlesworthii.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Royal Exotic Nursery, Chelsea, staged a
fine group of Orchids, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
included some good examples of Cattleya x Wendlandii, C. x Mantinii, C.
x porphyrophlebia, C. X Minucia, several fine C. labiata and C. Dowiana
aurea, Leelio-cattleya x Nysa, L.-c. x Eunomia, the graceful Coelogyne
Veitchii with its pendulous racemes of pure white flowers, the remarkable
Peristeria elata, Cypripedium x Milo, C. x T. B. Haywood, and various
others. A First-class Certificate was given to Cattleya Apollo (C. Mossiz
% X C. Aclandie ¢), a very handsome hybrid, with flowers approaching
C. Mossiz in size, but with the firmer texture of the other parent. The
sepals and petals are of a buff-pink shade, lightly veined with rose and with
a few irregular purple markings, while the lip is crimson-purple in front,
with some yellow in the centre, and the side lobes blush white edged with
rose. Lelia x Clarinda (L. Perrinii @ x L. pumila 3) has light purple-
tinted sepals and petals, with the veined lip dark maroon-purple in front. It
is very pretty, and will probably improve as it becomes stronger.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton Nursery, received a Silver Banksian
Medal for a good group, containing some fine examples of Cattleya
labiata and C. Dowiana aurea, C. X porphyrophlebia, the pretty Oncidium
ornithorhynchum album, Cycnoches chl hil 13 di insigne
Lutwychei, C. x James Buckingham, C. x titans Feces Truffaut,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 349

&c. An Award of Merit was given to a very fine form of Cypripedium
Charlesworthii called Low’s variety, an exceptionally fine form of this
handsome Orchid.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, N., also received a
Silver Banksian Medal for a good group, containing the remarkable
Arachnanthe Lowii, a fine form of Vanda tricolor, Dendrobium Phale-
nopsis, Oncidium ornithorhynchum album, O. Forbesii, Cochlioda vulcanica
grandiflora, a very fine form, Cattleya x blesensis, some good C. labiata,
Ceelogyne M Cypripedi tonsum, C. insigne Wallacei, C.
x Arthurianum, the pretty C. x Adonis pictum, C. x Pitcherianum
Williams’ var., C. X Crossianum, &c.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, also exhibited a fine group, to
which a Silver Banksian Medal was given. It included the remarkable
Habenaria Susanne, the pretty little Lelia pumila delicata, a nearly white
form, Odontoglossum grande, Vanda ccerulea, a fine Dendrobium aureum,
Coelogyne Swaniana, Calanthe vestita Sanderiana, Oncidium Krameri, a
curious little green-flowered Epidendrum, Cypripedium X Fairy Queen
(C. Curtisii ¢ x C. Druryi g), C. x Alcides, C. x Uehleinianum, C.
McNabianum (C. callosum ? X C. concolor 3), and several others.

At the meeting on October 27th there was a fine display of Orchids, to
which the fine old Cattleya labiata contributed largely, while other autumn-
flowering kinds were also well represented.

T. Statter, Esq., Stand Hall, Whitefield, Manchester (gr. Mr. Johnson),
exhibited a very fine group, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It
contained the handsome Cypripedium X Moensii, a handsome hybrid from
C. callosum ¢ and C. Fairieanum g, which is clearly a form of C. X
Juno, a splendid form of Lzelio-cattleya, x Arnoldiana, and another hand-
some hybrid of the L.-c. X Ingramii group, together with a series of cut
inflorescences. These included nine fine trusses of Cattleya Dowiana in
different forms, one of which, called C. D. Johnsoniana, had sepals and
petals of a very rich deep yellow, and the veining of the lip of a peculiar
orange tint, besides one with the sepals and petals veined and mottled with
white and rose, almost as in C. X Hardyana Massaiana, but the shape of
the flower and details of the lip were as in C. Dowiana. A series of Den-
drobium Phalenopsis, including the small dark variety Statteriana, was
also sent, together with Cattleya x Minucia, X Johnsoniana, and X
Ashtoniana.

R. I. Measures, Esq., Cambridge Lodge, Camberwell (gr. Mr. Chapman),
received a Silver Banksian Medal for an interesting group, including Lelia
prestans, Lelio-cattleya X Schilleriana, Cattleya labiata and C. Wars-

ati Masdegalliato<c slap tha? MAX

oeEny

cewiczii, Oncidium

35° THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Measuresiana with several . flowers, Ceelogyne fuliginosa well-flowered,

pedium Kl hi and various Cypripediums, including C. x
Mrs. Canham with fifteen flowers, C. x Henry Graves with three flowers,
C. tonsum with five flowers, a good C. X Arthurianum, a hybrid marked C.
callosum X insigne, and several others. The handsome white form of
Cattleya labiata, with rosy-veined lip, called R. I. Measures’ var. (supra, I1.,
p- 358), now received a First-class Certificate, it having received an Award
of Merit two years ago. Botanical Certificates were given to Restrepia
maculata and R. Falkenbergii.

M. G. Mantin, Chateau de Bel Air, Olivet, France, sent a beautiful group
of eight plants of Cattleya x Mantini, to which a Silver Banksian Medal
was given. They showed a considerable amount of variation, some of the
best being exceedingly handsome, and the strongest bearing racemes of
seven and six flowers. Its history was given at page 365 of our second
volume. A Cultural Commendation was given to the best form, called C. x
M. nobilior. He also sent Lalio-cattleya x Belairensis, an i ing hybrid
between C. Bowringiana and L. autumnalis, which is described on another
page, and a handsome hybrid Cypripedium derived from C. x superciliare
and C. barbatum ¢.

H. J. Elwes, Esq., Colesborne, Gloucestershire (gr. Mr. Lane), sent a
very interesting group, including Habenaria Susanne, H. longicalcarata,
Saccolabium bigibbum with three dense racemes, Arundina chinensis,
Acampe papillosa well - flowered, Bulbophyllum Careyanum, Pleione
lagenaria, and P. Wallichiana, one spike of the latter carrying three flowers,
Dendrobium Aphrodite and D. macrostachyum, a raceme of Cycnoches
Loddigesii, Liparis longipes, Epidendrum fragrans, and a remarkable
species of Cirrhopetalum with a large solitary flower. A Bronze Banksian
Medal was awarded to the group.

Sir William Marriott, Down House, Blandford (gr. Mr. Denny), sent
the pretty little Cypripedium x Marriottianum, and Cattleya x La Belle
(C. Warscewiczii @ Xx C. Harrisoniana ¢), the reverse cross of C. X John-
soniana, of which it must be considered a larger variety.

C.N. L. Ingram, Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond), sent
a very fine form of Lelio-cattleya x callistoglossa and L.-c. x Gazelle
(L.-c. X elegans Turneri ? and C. bicolor ¢).

Walter C. Clarke, Esq., Orleans House, Sefton Park, Liverpool, sent a
fine hybrid Cypripedium, probably derived from C. Argus and C. philippi-
nense, and thus a form of C. x burfordiense.

C. J. Crosfield, Esq., Gledhill, Sefton Park, Liverpool, sent a very good
flower of Cattleya labiata.

Miss D. Smith, King’s Road, Ascot (gr. Mr. Lane), sent a strong plant
of Cattleya Bowringiana with five very fine racemes of flowers, to which a

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 351

Cultural Commendation was given.

R. P. White, Esq., The Firs, Peckham Road (gr. Mr. Chick), sent a
good Cattleya labiata.

F. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on- Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford), sent
the handsome Cattleya x Hardyana Massaiana, C. labiata alba, and fine
plants of Lelia pumila prestans, also the pretty little Pleione maculata alba.

SG, Lutwyche; Esq., aes Park, Beckenham, sent the rare Miltonia
x1 Cyp Charl hii, a fine hybrid between C.
callosum ¢ and C. villooasn 3, and thus a form of C. x Indra, and C. x
beechense.

H. Shaw, Esq., Heathfield, Birch Vale, Derbyshire (gr. Mr. Cliffe), sent
a good form of Cattleya maxima.

Messrs. James Veitch & Sons, Chelsea, contributed a splendid group, to
which a small Gold Medal was given. It contained several good forms of
Cattleya labiata and C. Dowiana, C. Bowringiana, the handsome C. x
Chloris and C. x Patrocinii, Lelio-cattl ya X S i Lycaste
costata and L. lanipes (the former a mass of flowers), some good Miltonia
spectabilis Moreliana, M. vexillaria superba, Cycnoches chlorochilon,
and its variety album, O. Harryanum, and O.
grande, the charming Dendrobium Johnsoniz, Oncidium unicorne with a
fine panicle of patie and O. ornithorhynchum, the handsome Cypripedium
x I] Pp C, purp a fine pan of C. Charlesworthii,
C. Spicerianum, CG. x cindattein superbum, C. X Milo, C. x T. B. Hay-
wood, C. X Arthurianum with eight flowers, and various others. An Award
of Merit was given to Cattleya x Elvina, a handsome hybrid derived
from C. Triane ? and C. Schilleriana g, and showing the characters of
both parents; and a similar award to Cypripedium X Regina, derived
from C. x Leeanum @? and C. Fairieanum ¢.

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, contributed a handsome group, in
which the forms of C. labiata were very effective, including two nearly white
forms with a little colour on the lip. It vai sage good forms of
BA eae and O. varicosum, Od album,
and its variety Siattariana: the handsome D.
eeu the rare Macradenta lutescens, Phaius x Ashworthianus (P.
Wallichii Mannii @ x P. maculatus 3), a handsome hybrid most like the
latter in form and colour, as well as in the spotted leaves.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Clapton Nursery, also staged a fine group, in
which forms of Cattleya labiata were conspicuous ; also C. Dowiana aurea,
Odontoglossum grande, Oncidium ornithorhynchum album, Cypripedium
xX Arthurianum, and others. It also contained a very fine clump of
Cycnoches chlorochilon, one of the racemes bearing six flowers, and a form
of Dendrobium x Leeanum, a little different from the original.

352 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Messrs. B. S. Williams & Son, Upper Holloway, also sent an effective
group of showy things, in which Oncidium Forbesii, O. ornithorhynchum,
Cypripedium xX Arthurianum, C. insigne punctato-violaceum, and C. x
Pitcherianum Williams’ variety were conspicuous, and a form of Cattleya
labiata in which the petals were curious mottled and streaked with a darker
colour.

Messrs. Linden, L’ Horticul Int ionale, Brussels, received a
First-class Certificate for a plant called Cattleya x Le Czar, which was
suggested to be a natural hybrid between C. labiata and C. granulosa,
though evidence of the two growing together seems desirable.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.

CaTTLeyA X Lorp RoruscHILp.—Gard. Chron., Oct. 24, p. 489, fig. 86.

CoMPARETTIA SPECIOSA.—Journ. of Hort., Oct. 22, p. 399, fig. 72.

HABENARIA CARNEA.—Journ. of Hort., Oct. 1, Pp. 319, fig. 61.

L&LIO-CATTLEYA X CHARLES Darwin.—Journ. of Hort., Oct. 15, p.
377, fig. 69.

LLio-caTTLEYA X CLIVE.—Gard. Mag., Sept. 26, p. 657, with fig.

RENANTHERA SToRIEI, Rchb. f.—Gard. Mag., Sept. 26, pp. 658, 659,
with fig.

TRICHOPILIA COCCINEA.—-Gard. Chron., Oct. 17, p. 456, fig. 77.

ZYGOPETALUM Mackayi.— Journ. of Hort., Sept. 24, p. 295, fig. 58.
This is Z. intermedium, Lodd

ZYGOPETALUM MAXILLARE.—Journ. of Hort., Sept. 24, p. 295, fig. 57.

CORRESPONDENCE, &c.

W. H A, Blackburn. A form of Cypripedium insigne. C. x Winnianum is a hybrid
between C. villosum and C. Druryi. 2
Newchurch. A good form of Cattleya maxima. The two others are good forms
of C. labiata, the smaller rose-coloured one with very little yellow in the throat, and darker
radiating nerves on the front of the lip, we should like to see again next year, as it appears
rather distinct.

New Beginner. 1 and 2, Oncidium Jonesianum, the latter very fine ; 3, O. varicosum ;
5, O flexnosum ; 4, Odontoglossum Rossii 3 average forms. We must request name ani
address to be enclosed on another occasion, of course not for publication.

W. J. R., Maghull. A good ordinary form of Cattleya labiata, which is very variable.

Stanhopea_ The production of flower spikes from the top of the pseudobulbs of Odonto-
glossum maculatum and O odoratum, as well as from the sides, is a sign of strength and
affords evidence of good culture. It is occasionally seen in Odontoglossums.

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THE ORCHID Revie

VoES IV. DECEMBER, 1896. [No. 48.

NOTES.

Tue last meeting of the Royal Horticultural Society for the year will be
held at the Drill Hall, James Street, Westminster, on December 15th,
when the Orchid Committee will meet at the usual hour of 12 o'clock

noon.

Twin-flowered spikes, both of Cypripedium insigne and C. niveum, have
been sent from the collection of H. Gurney Aggs, Esq., Pippbrook, Dorking,
the former being from a plant which has always produced twin-flowers from
the first. The plant which produced the latter has been out of doors from
the middle of May to early in September, and is in robust health, as the
flowers show. Mr. Aggs has for the last two years placed certain Orchids
out of doors for the summer months, and hopes to give his experience after
another season’s trial ; which will be very acceptable.

A curious flower of Cypripedium insigne with three petals has been sent
from the collection of Reginald Young, Esq., Sefton Park, Liverpool. The
two petals on one side are quite perfect, but a little narrower than usual,
and probably arose by division of the original one, as the flower is normal

in other respects.

Another flower of Cypripedium X regale, described at page 324, is also
sent from the same collection, together with a leaf, in which the charac-
teristic markings of C. purpuratum are present in a somewhat modified
form. In fact, this organ is as nearly intermediate between C. insigne and
C. purpuratum as it can well be, and as the dorsal sepal shows both stripes
and reflexed sides, which indicate the influence of the latter, we may safely
assume the recorded parentage to be correct,

354 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

We have received a photograph of the beautiful Cattleya x Hardyana
alba from the collection of W. S. McMillan, Esq., Ardenholm, Maghull,
Liverpool, showing an inflorescence of two flowers. Mr. McMillan remarks
that the flower is very handsome, the sepals and petals snow-white, and
when in flower it looked very striking among its yellow brethren—C,
Dowiana aurea, of which a fine form is also sent, the yellow areas on the
sides sides of the lip being larger and darker than usual.

A very pretty light form of Cattleya labiata has been sent from the
collection of W. P. Burkinshaw, Esq., of Hessle, E. Yorks, in which the
sepals and petals are blush white, with a large crimson-purple blotch in
front of the yellow disc, and very broad white margin. It approaches
C. 1, elegans in general character, except that the sepals and petals are not
pure white.

A curious form of Cypripedi Charl hii has appeared in the
collection of Dr. A. W. Hoisholt, Stockton, California, of which a
photograph has been sent. The lower sepal is just twice as broad as usual,
cup-shaped and veined with rose like the dorsal one, though not quite equal to
it in size, and the white rather more predominating. Dr. Hoisholt has
carefully looked up all the references in this work, and finds one with twin-
flowered scape, and another with two lips, but nothing like the present
one; nor do we remember to have met with the peculiarity before in this
species. A second bud is forming on the plant.

A good flower of the chaste Lelia autumnalis alba also comes from the
same collection, and six different forms of the beautiful Dendrobium
Phalznopsis, showing the usual gradation from dark to very light forms.
The flowers last well after being cut, and altogether it is one of the most
useful autumn-flowering Orchids known.

The rare and beautiful Acacallis cyanea has also flowered in in the same
collection, and a flower is also enclosed, the colour something approaching
some forms of Vanda coerulea. It is a very striking Orchid when well grown.

A very distinct and pretty variety of Lelia Dayana has been sent from
the collection of F. H. Moore, Esq., of Liverpool, in which the sepals and
petals have an irregular crimson band along one or both margins, giving
the flower a curious variegated appearance. There is a trace of similar
markings on the side lobes of the lip, which is normal in other respects.

A fine inflorescence of the chaste Cymbidium Mastersii album comes
from the collection of John W. Arkle, Esq., of West Derby, Liverpool. It
is like the type, except that the flowers are pure white with only a trace of
yellow on the disc.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 355

A fine form of Cattleya Bowringiana has been sent from the collection
of Alfred Darby, Esq., Little Ness, Shrewsbury, in which the petals are
one-and-a-half inches broad, and the sepals broader than in the typical
form, giving the flower a very round appearance. This species is very
useful at this season, and several very promising hybrids from it have
recently appeared.

The thirty-second volume of the Journal of the Linnean Society contains a
paper entitled, ‘‘A Revision of the genus Vanilla,” by R. Allen Rolfe,
A.L.S. Fifty-two species are admitted as distinct, of which sixteen are
here described for the first time. The paper contains an account of the
fertilisation, affinities, g phical distributi and economic uses of
the genus, with a historical introduction, complete descriptions, and a key
to the species.

The same volume also contains a paper on “ The Orchidew and
Apostasiez of the Malay Peninsula,” by Henry Ridley, M.A., F.L.S. Four
new genera and about 130 new species are described, mostly of botanical
interest. The new genera are Staurochilus, made to receive Trichoglottis
fasciata, Rchb. f., but with no character given ; Renantherella, a new name
for Renanthera histrionica, Rchb. f.; Pelatantheria, which includes
Cleisostoma cristata, Ridl., and Sarcanthus insectifer, Rchb. f.; and
Ascochilus, containing Sarcochilus hirtulus, Hook. f., and a new species
(A. siamensis).

A previous number of the work contains “An Enumeration of all
Orchids hitherto recorded from Borneo,” by the same author, in which
about fifty new species are described and one new genus—Porphyroglottis
Maxwelliz, allied to Chrysoglossum. A new section of Bulbophyllum is
also described, called Ir late, cl ised by its tall stiff scape, ending
in a many-flowered raceme, though the flowers expand singly at intervals,
as many as eighty occurring in one species. Three species are described,
of which only one is Borneau. Three other species belong to the same
section, namely B. longiscapum, Rolfe; B. macrochilum, Rolfe; and B.
attenuatum, Rolfe; the first being from Fiji, and the two others from

Borneo.

The second part of the Dicti ive Iconographique des Orchidées, by Prof.
A. Cogniaux and M. A. Goosens, has reached us, and contains figures of
Cattleya Warscewiczii, C. X Hardyana, C. x Victoria-Regina, Cypripe-
dium Stonei, Dendrobium nobile, D. n. Cook i 5 Ai hi
D. x Cassiope, Lzlio-cattleya Nysa, L.-c. X Proserpine, Miltonia
Schreederi and Selenipedi Sedeni,

356 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The November number of the Kew Bulletin contains four Decades
(17—20) of new Orchids, all from China or adjacent Islands. The majority
are from dried specimens, but the following are in cultivation:—Den- |
hilus hai is, from

drobium hainanense, Eria cespitosa, and S
Hainan; Nephelaphyllum cristatum, from Hongkong; and Physurus
chinensis, from South China. Listera grandifl is int ing as the
largest-flowered species in the genus, and S lab hai is a new
species of the same section as S. giganteum and S. violaceum.

A movement is on foot to obtain coloured drawings for future reference
of the Orchids certificated by the Royal Horticultural Society. The Orchid
Committee on October 27th last decided to memorialise the Council on the
subject, and the latter view the matter with favour, and have asked to be
supplied with a proposal in definite form as to details and probable cost.
We believe that it was again before the Committee on November 24th.

DENDROBIUM SPECTABILE.
Tuis is a remarkably distinct and handsome Dendrobium, a native of New
Guinea and the Solomon Islands, which has been known to science for
nearly half-a-century, and which would be a notable addition to our
collections if it could be introduced alive. It is interesting to record that
Sir Trevor Lawrence has received a plant from Malaita, one of the Solomon
Islands, but unfortunately it has been four months en route, and it is feared
is too far gone to recover. A coloured sketch and dried flower sent with it
enable it to be identified. It belongs to the group of D. macrophyllum,
A-Rich., and D. atropurpureum, Rolfe, but is larger and more handsome,
and when first described was thought to represent a new genus, being
described by Blume, in 1848, under the name of Latourea spectabilis
(Rumphia, IV., p. 41, t. 195, fig. 1, and t. 199, fig. C), mainly from a
drawing made in New Guinea by M. Latour-Leschenault, naturalist to
Baudin’s Expedition, which, like that of the remarkable Bulbophyllum
grandiflorum made at the same time, has proved remarkably accurate.
Miquel aft ds transferred it to Dendrobi (D. spectabile, Mig. Fl.
Ned. Ind., III., p. 645). A plant obtained from the Solomon Islands
flowered at the Sydney Botanic Garden in 1884, when Sir F. Mueller
wrote a note in the Victorian Naturalist (I., p. 51). In October, 1890,
the Rev. R. B. Comins collected specimens at San Cristoval, Solomon
Islands, which I described as Dendrobium tigrinum (Annals of Bot., V., P-
507), completely overlooking Latourea, which is doubtfully retained as a
distinct genus in the Genera Plantarum. The plant has clavate pseudobulbs
nearly a foot long, with about four or five terminal leaves, and erect racemes
of about 20 to 25 flowers, with acuminate sepals and petals, 14 inches long,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 357

from a broader, very undulate base, and a long pandurately trilobed acute
lip. The colour is yellowish white, the sepals and petals spotted, and the
lip beautifully veined with red-purple. It is much to be hoped that so
striking and distinct a plant will soon be represented in European
collections.

R. A. ROLFE.

LAELIA PUMILA.
I am surprised to see you say at page 321 that twin-flowered spikes on
Lelia pumila are rare. I can only say I think my plants badly grown
unless there are more twin than single spikes on them. This year, I am
glad to say, there are only one or two spikes with single flowers, the rest,
without exception, are “twin.” I imagine it is merely a question of growing
them well. What causes “colour” in Orchid flowers, I wonder? The
autumn has been unusually wet and chill with us, yet Cattleya labiata,
Vanda ceerulea, and also Calanthe x Veitchii are deeper and richer in colour
than they ever have been with me before. Nothing can be more lovely than
Vanda ccerulea as it is at present with us.
Epwarp H. Woopatt.
St. Nicholas House,
Scarborough.

MACRADENIA LUTESCENS.
Tuis curious little plant has been cultivated periodically since 1822, when
it appeared in the collection of Mr. Griffin, of South Lambeth, and was
figured in the Botanical Register (VIII., t. 612), by Robert Brown. It has
recently been re-introduced by Messrs. F. Sander & Co., and_ has,
unfortunately, been again figured and described by Dr. Kranzlin under the
erroneous name of Trichopilia multiflora (Xen. Orch., III., p. 152, t. 288,
fig. 1). It is found in Jamaica, Cuba, Trinidad, Venezuela, and possibly
elsewhere, and is a small plant with arching racemes of numerous reddish-
brown flowers, with a three-lobed lip and curiously toothed column. It was
also described by A. Richard, in 1853, under the name of Rhynchadenia
cubensis (Sagra Fl. Cub., III., p. 248, t. 85). There are some half-dozen
other species of this curious little genus, of which M. triandra, Lindl., and
M. Brassavolz, Rchb. f., have appeared in cultivation. Another species
must also be added, for on re-examination I find that Serrastylis modesta,
Rolfe (Kew Bull., 1894, p. 158; Gard. Chron., 1894, xvi., p. 727, fig. 91),
cannot be maintained as distinct from Macradenia. It may, therefore, bear
the name of M. modesta, Rolfe. The affinity of the genus is with Notylia

d Cirrhea. J
rari ae she R. A. ROLFE.

358 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
VANDA SANDERIANA.
See FRONTISPIECE.

As a frontispiece to the present volume we have much pleasure in giving an
illustration of the magnificent spécimen of Vanda Sanderiana, from the
collection of J. Gurney Fowler, Esq., Glebelands, South Woodford, Essex,
to which a’ Gold Medal was given by the Royal Horticultural Society
on October 13th last. As was recorded at page 347, the plant, when
exhibited, bore an aggregate of 127 flowers; but one raceme of ten flowers
was over, and had been removed. Its general appearance is shown in the
il which is reproduced from a photograph kindly sent by Mr.
Fowler, and we congratulate him and his gardener, Mr. Davis, on such an
example of cultural skill. It serves to recall the famous specimen of
Ceelogyne Dayana from the collection of Baron Schréder, and of
Epidendrum Stamfordianum from that of Sir Trevor Lawrence, of which
details have been given in these pages.

Mr. Fowler has sent the following note, which will be read with
interest :—‘‘ I purchased the Vanda Sanderiana from Messrs. Low & Co.
on the 15th August, 1895. It flowered first in September of that year,
bearing two flower spikes and seventeen flowers. It was brought over by
Messrs. Low’s collector in a large basket, and in the June following I
thought it advisable to repot it. It flowered again in October last, with
twelve spikes and 137 flowers in all. It has grown in the East India house,
on the centre stage, over a large tank of rain water, and has seven growths,
three of them being 3ft. 6ins. in height. Since it has been with me it has
made four pairs of leaves.”

The history of the species is thus given by Messrs. Veitch in their
Manual (VII., p. 103) :— This remarkable Vanda, one of the most
appreciable gains to horticulture during the last decade, was discovered by
M. Roebelin, the energetic collector of Messrs. Sander & Co., who succeeded,
in 1882, in reaching the previously unexplored portion of south-east
Mindanao, where he detected this, and the scarcely less remarkable Aérides
Lawrence and Phalenopsis Sanderiana. Our own collector, David Burke,
also succeeded in reaching the same region a few months later, and from
that time these fine Orchids became generally distributed among the Orchid
collections of Europe and America. The principal station of Vanda
Sanderiana is at Davao, on the south-east coast of Mindanao, at places
growing on trees that over-hang the beach, and where the long trailing
roots of this Orchid are often within reach of the salt spray. It flowered
for the first time in this country in the summer of 1883, in the collection of
Mr. Lee, at Downside, Leatherhead, since dispersed.”

os

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 359

NOMENCLATURE OF ORCHIDS.

I BEG again to call attention to the extraordinary laxity of the
Orchid Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society in regard to the
nomenclature of Orchids. They may, perhaps, plead that it is not their
fault that growers or sellers of Orchids give improper names to their plants,
but surely they might refuse to recognise such plants, or to bestow on them
First-class Certificates and Awards of Merit. This, however, they appear
to be unwilling to do, and the result is that confusion is becoming
worse confounded.

At the exhibition at the Drill Hall on October 13th Lelio-Cattleya
x T. W. Bond was shown as a cross between Cattleya labiata and Laelia
purpurata. If the Cattleya parent was Warneri, the plant has already
been named as Lelio-Cattleya x eximia, and again as Lalio-Cattleya
X Valvassorii. If the seed parent is labiata autumnalis, it has been named
before as Lalio-Cattleya x Wellsie, and as such has received an Award of
Merit.

At the same exhibition Cattleya x Triumph was passed, although it is the
same cross as Cattleya X preciosa, which was exhibited a few months ago by
the same grower on May 5th.

There was also exhibited Lelia x Clarinda, which has been named before
as Lelia X juvenilis.

Then, at the next meeting on October 27th, Cattleya x La Belle was
exhibited, which is the reverse cross of X Johnsoniana, which is itself the
same cross as X Ashtoniana, both being apparently the same cross as
C. X Minucia.

It is easy to see from these examples what the difficulty of the collector
is likely to be in the near future, when he attempts to identify hybrid
Orchids.

J. CHAMBERLAIN.

Highbury,

Moor Green,
Birmingham.

[Only one of the four plants named received an Award of Merit,
namely, Cattleya X Triumph, which is clearly synonymous with or only
a variety of C. X Preciosa. And it is just possible that the Committee
may have overlooked the fact that they granted an Award of Merit to the
same cross on May 5th last. Still, it is not too much to expect them to
keep account of the plants to which Certificates are granted, and the latter
Certificate should never have been given, according to their own rules.
With respect to the rapid increase of unnecessary names, we would suggest
that if people will persist in re-naming well-known crosses, the Committee

360 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

should cancel them before the reporters go round, and then perhaps some
of this unnecessary confusion would be prevented, as it is almost too much
to expect that reporters should verify every name for themselves. We have
frequently suppressed such names in our reports, but they have appeared
elsewhere. We would refer our readers to the remarks on this question at
pages 133, 165, and 172 of the present volume, and urge them to assist in
checking the rapidly growing confusion to which Mr. Chamberlain has called
attention.—Ep.]
ogre

CYPRIPEDIUM x MEDEIA MONSTROSA.

A FLOWER of this curious plant has been sent by Mr. W. B..Latham,
Curator of the Birmingham Botanic Garden, who remarks that he raised it
by crossing C. Spicerianum with the pollen of C. hirsutissimum, and that
the flowers retain their abnormal character every season. It appears to
have been first recorded in the autumn of 1892 (Gard. Chron. 1892, xii.,
P- 713), but was then said to have bloomed for three or four years, never
varying in character. An interesting note is given by Hansen (Orch. Hyb.,
p- 70), which we do not remember to have met with elsewhere, and presume
that it was communicated by Mr. Latham. He remarks that Mr. Latham
“had sent it to Mr. R. A. Rolfe, who named it provisionally as above, and
added :—‘ Veitch’s hybrid is normal in character, yours may or may not
become so hereafter. Others from the same cross may come all right if you
have them. The lip is not really absent, but abnormal in shape, more like a
sepal. Its greatest curiosity: to my mind is that the two stamens are
changed into perfect staminodes. — I should keep it, if only as a curiosity ;
it is a very instructive plant. If proof were wanted that the staminode is
only a modified stamen, surely here it is.’” However, it appears that only
a single seedling was raised. The plant is said to be intermediate between
the two parents, but the dorsal sepal and staminode are almost identical
with C. Spicerianum, except that the former is reduced in size and nearly
flat. The petals also have a little white at the apex, like the dorsal sepal.
The lip is elliptical-oblong, a little concave at apex, and light green
irregularly striped with dull purple. An examination of the flower reveals
the highly interesting fact that the two additional staminodes do not belong
to the inner staminal whorl, but to the outer one, and thus represent the two
missing side lobes of the lip. The filaments of the two normal stamens of
Cypripedium are present, but without the anther, and are in their usual
position at the base and on either side of the stigma, and within but slightly
above the sup taminodes, affording additional confirmation of
the theory that the side lobes of the lip in Orchids are staminodial in their
origin.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 361

COMPLEX CYPRIPEDIUM HYBRIDS.
Two or three correspondents are studying inheritance in regard to
hybrid Orchids, and the following list, which has been sent to us as a
contribution to the question, will probably interest our readers... Some
curious facts with regard to hybridisation among Orchids are gradually
coming to light, and it is an interesting matter to have them recorded in
accessible form.

It is curious to note that the first nine names on the list are all derived
from combinations of C. barbatum, insigne, villosum, and Spicerianum,
which have been arrived at in four different ways, namely :—C. X Leeanum
¢ xX C. X cenanthum ¢,C. X Harrisianum @ X C. X Leeanum ¢,
C. Spicerianum ¢ X C. X cnanthum ¢, and the last cross reversed.
In the two next on the list C. Spicerianum is replaced by C. venustum,
and the combinations were effected by the crosses, respectively :—C.
x calophyllum ¢ xX C. X cenanthum ¢, and C. X Crossianum ? X
C. X Harrisianum 3. In the next two bracketed together, C. venustum
was replaced by C. Argus, and the hybrids were obtained by such
apparently different crosses as C. X cenanthum @ X C. Argus ¢, and C.
Ashburtonie ¢ XxX C. X vernixium g. The exact parentage of the
remaining crosses may be found by the help of the references. No less than
fourteen of the hybrids here enumerated have had C. X oenanthum for
one parent, which is partly explained by the fact that three species are
included in its composition.—Ep.

List oF CypRIPEDIUM HyBRIDS IN EACH OF WHICH FOUR DISTINCT

SPECIES ARE REPRESENTED.
barb. insign. vil. Spic.

Cex Pigato 7... sae (GG T8BO) Wiss DaysO).-- ee ee
C. x Tityus _... ga), (Cap TOORs Male, Davee pee cei sags l98 29s
C. X memoria-Moensii ... (Lind., viii., t. 361) Pee aS es eat
C. X ceno-Spicerianum ... (G.C., 1895, Xvii., p. 200) 5. 5) ys
C. X Charles Reffold .... (J.R.H.S., xv., p. Cxcvi.) saan TD | Sapien
Cc. X Brunianum EPG CG 10925, Sil DotA 9) oh go eae
C. x A.J. Herrington ... (G.C., 1895, xviii, p. ret TE EE eae |
C. x Harri-Leeanum ... (O.R., i., p- 375) a ete Oar
C. X Clement Moore... (Gard., 1895, xlviii., p- 48) gga, RS aah
5 venust.
C. x Pollettianum ... (G.C., 1890, viii., p. 702.) @ + 4 7
C. X Boyleanum .. (R.H. Meas. Cyp.,ed.2.,p-17) } 5 4 =
TZus.
C. x Lowryanum ... (Hansen, p. 159) we 4 ss
C. X Madame Josci Des-

combes ... i 1GGy 1805, XV, p- 200) & 3, bt

362 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

barb. insign. vil. Lawr.

C. x Bijou ae «+. (G.C., 1892, xii., p. 138)... & 4 & +

C. X Marshianum . (Charlesw. Cat., 1895) Bet poss oat
Hook.

C. X Cleopatra => (G.C., 1892, x1, p. 458) ... ¢ ¢ } ¢
Lowi

C. X Daisye ... rs (GC. 1892; X11; pi-gox) .. } $
superb,

C. X ceno-superbiens ..._ (O.R., i., p. 287) eee Oud cutee
Boxal.

C. xX rubescens... fan (OR igi pags) ee ee a
Dayan.

C. X Tennyson... +. (O.R., i., p. 364) tee ot ae
Fair.

C. X Baron Schréder_... (G.C., 1500, xk doz te
venust. Spic.

C. X Boltonianum eg ane Me Ce 27th nd Pe
Hook,

C. xX Lachesis ... (O.R., iv. p. 104) - * ¢ £ ¢
Ston. Lawr.

C. X annamense “1-0 MOOR, 1¥..3ps 63) eS eae wee ee
insign. vil. superb. Spic.

C. x Henri Vander-Straeten (O.R., iv., p. 64) Drea cto eae: a |

Stonei.

C. X Leeanum-Morganize (R.I. Meas., Cyp.,ed.3,p.36) 4 } 4 3

C. X Pegasus ... Syne (GAMA, 1866, X1ixs, ps8) yyy, 6 yy. oh
Lawr. Argus. philip.

C. X Frau Ida Brandt ... (O.R., iii., p. 223) Ce analy aes nee

It should be mentioned that the species in the above list are not
necessarily the ordinary forms of Cypripediums insigne, barbatum, Spicer-
ianum, &c., but sometimes varieties of the same. In one or two cases,
perhaps, there is a reasonable doubt as to the exact parentage, but the great
majority have been recorded with Propercare. It is interesting to note that
up to the present time no hybrid Cypripedium has been recorded in which
more than four distinct species are represented; there are, however,
seedlings in existence combining five species, but they have not yet reached
the flowering stage. Although there are 27 hybrid Cypripediums recorded
as a combination of four species, some are synonymous, and others merely
varieties of the same cross, so that the above list may be fairly reduced to
19 as being really distinct, and to 15 so far as the four parent species are
concerned.

REGINALD YouNG.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 363

THE CYPRIPEDIUM GROUP.
(Concluded from page 334.)
7- PAPHIOPEDIUM.
THIS genus comprises all the tropical Cypripediums of the Old World,
and differs from the three others in having the dorsal sepal folded within
the lateral ones in the bud, however much larger than them it may become
when fully developed. It combines the ovary of Cypripedium, as here
limited, with the general habit of Phragmipedium, and agrees with both in
the fusiform, not crustaceous seeds. It contains about 42 known species,
and ranges from the Himalayas and South India through the Malay
Archipelago to New Guinea, and to Hong Kong by way of the
Philippines.
Key to the Species.
Leaves elongate-li or li blong, mostly green.
Flowers in racemes.
Bracts ovate or ovate-lanceolate.
Staminode without basal tubercle.
Staminode broad with obtuse apex.
Petals 4—6 in. long.
Base of petals without marginal warts
1. P. Stonei, Pfitz.
Base of petals studded with marginal warts.
Petals three to four times longer than lip
2. P. philippinense, Pfitz.
Petals not or scarcely three times longer than lip
3. P. praestans, Pfitz.
Petals a foot or more long Hs: .Pe Sanderignum, Pfitz.
Staminode with acute beak-like apex.
Beak of staminode short ; dorsal sepal about 14 in. long
5. P. glanduliferum, Pfitz.
Beak of staminode long; dorsal sepal about 2} in. long
: 6. P. Rothschildianum, Pfitz.
Staminode with an erect basal tubercle.
Petals elongate-linear, much twisted

7. P. Parishii, Pfitz.
Petals linear-spathulate, nearly flat.
Apex of ei not twice as broad as base; dorsal sepal spotted at
bas 8. P. Haynaldianum, Pfitz.
Apex of hats fally twice as ‘veBad as base; dorsal sepal unspotted
g. P. Lowii, Pfitz.
Bracts oblong, obtuse or nearly truncate.

THE ORCHID REVIEW.
to. P. Chamberlainianum, Pfitz.

Dorsal sepal and petals variously lined with brown
Dorsal sepal and petals not lined with brown
11. P. Victoria-Mariz, Rolfe.

Flowers normally solitary, or twin in luxuriant specimens
Petals straight, or nearly so
Upper margin of petals nearly or quite flat
Scape and ovary villose.
Dorsal sepal unspotted 12. P, villosum, Pfitz.
Dorsal sepal bearing many blackish spots
13. P. Boxallii, Pfitz.

Scape and ovate pubescent
Dorsal sepal elliptical- or ovate-oblong.
Dorsal sepal 2—2}in. long 14. P. insigne, Pfitz
Dorsal sepal 1}—13 in. long.
Dorsal sepal without dark median band
15. P. Exul, Rolfe.
Dorsal sepal with blackish-purple median band
16. P. Druryi, Pfitz.
17. P. Charlesworthii, Pfitz.

Dorsal sepal orbicular
Upper margin of petals strongly crisped or undulate

Dorsal sepal orbicular, as long as petals
18. P. Spicerianum, Pfitz.

Dorsal sepal ovate, much shorter than petals
1g. P. hirsutissimum, Pfitz.
20. P. Fairrieanum, Pfitz.

Petals falcate :
Leaves elliptical or oblong, Sally tessellated with two shades of green.

Petals linear-oblong ; scape ${—1} ft. high.
Dorsal sepal ovate.

Staminode orbicular or oblong; dorsal sepal not striped
Staminode 5—7 lin. broad 21. P. Hookere, Pfitz.
Staminode 3—4 lin. broad.

Dorsal sepal longer than broad, subacute
Leaves strongly tessellated - 22. P. Bullenianum, Pfitz.
Leaves obscurely tessellated 23. P. Appletonianum, Rolfe.

Dorsal sepal as broad as long, obtuse
24. P. Mastersianum, Pfitz.
Staminode broader than long ; dorsal sepal striped with green or
purple.
+ 25. P. tonsum, Pfitz.

Petals not ciliate . -

Petals ciliate.
Dersal sepal as long or longer than broad.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 365

Petals unspotted or with few irregular spots.
Petals 5—7 lin. broad.
Petals with a few spots; cilize 1—2 lin. long.
Dorsal sepal 1}—2} lin. long.
Petals with a few small blotches
26. P. venustum, Pfitz.
Petals with a few minute spots at base
27. P. virens, Pfitz.

Dorsal sepal 13—2 in. long
28. P. javanicum, Pfitz.

Petals unspotted ; ciliz 2—3 lin. long’
2g. P. Dayanum, Pfitz.

Petals about 3 lin. broad 30. P. nigritum, Pfitz.

Petals regularly spotted to or beyond middle.
Upper third of petals unspotted
31. P. ciliolare, Pfitz.
Petals spotted to apex.
Spots small and regular.
Petals 2 in. long ; ciliz regular } lin. long
32. P. Curtisii, Pfitz.
Petals 2} in. long, cilie irregular, the longer hairs
fully 1} lin. long . 33. P. superbiens, Pfitz.
Spots irregular, some a line or more broad
34. P. Argus, Pfitz.

Dorsal sepal distinctly broader than long
35. P. purpuratum, Pfitz.

Dorsal sepal suborbicular.
Petals more or less deflexed.
Petals nearly straight, 1}—2 in. long
36. P. barbatum, Pfitz.
Petals falcate, 2—2} in. long 37- P. callosum, Pfitz.
Petals horizontal. . 38. P. Lawrenceanum, Pfitz.
Petals broadly elliptical or elliptisal abkonies 3 scapes 2—6 in. high.
Scape 2—3 in. high; flowers with yellow or cream-coloured ground.

Flowers yellow and but little spotted
39- P. concolor, Pfitz.

Flowers cream-coloured and much spotted.

Margins of petals more or less undulate
40. P. Godefroye, Pfitz.

z - 41. P. bellatulum, Pfitz.

Margins ofpetals flat.
Scape 3—6 in. high ; flowers white with a few minute purple spots
42. P. niveum, Pfitz.

366 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

The following are believed to be natural hybrids, their supposed parents
being placed in the two right-hand colums :—

P. X siamense, Rolfe, derived from P. callosum and P. Appletonianum.
P. x Petri, Pfitz., S » P..Dayanum ,,. P. virens.

P. X Littleanum, Rolfe, oe Pate Ai ;, P. Lawrenceanum.

P. X Kimballianum, Rolfe, ,, a », P. Rothschildianum,

This completes the outline of the Bdborter Diandre, the genera and
species being arranged as far as possible in systematic order, and by the aid
of the keys it will be possible for anyone to find the name and position of
any doubtful species they may possess. Such an arrangement has never
before been given, and other details, such as full descriptions, references to
figures, geographical distribution, &c., can all be found in the various works
devoted to the subject. In order to prevent any uncertainty, it may be
pointed out that the specific names are the same as those by which they
have previously been known under other genera. With respect to
Selenipedium, it may be asked why the name was not retained for the
cultivated species now ranked under Phragmipedium, rather than for the
other group. To which it must be answered that neither the name nor
the character given by Reichenbach belong to the former. The name
alludes to the small lip (selents, a little crescent), and the character of having
round, crustaceous, Vanilla-like seeds is only found in Selenipedium as now
limited. Reichenbach spoke of it as occurring in two species (S. palmifolium
and S. Chica), and the further remark, “perhaps in all the species,” has
proved erroneous. The amended spelling, Cypripedilum, Selenipedilum, I
see no reason to adopt (this question has been fully discussed by Buser in
Bull. Herb. Boiss., 11., p. 642), and although Paphiopedilum was the original
spelling in this case, it is clearly advisable that the termination should be
uniform in the four genera.

It may be i g to the above with a few remarks
about the remaining great suborder Monandre, and its relationship to the
Diandre. It differs essentially in having only a single perfect stamen,—
the median one of the outer staminal whorl ;—by the pollen grains being
compound, and variously agglutinated together into masses, or pollinia;
and by one of the three stigmas being modified into a special organ, called
the rostellum, which serves the purpose of secreting the viscid matter by
which the pollinia are attached to the bodies of insects which visit the
flowers ; and also, in the majority of cases, of preventing the pollinia from
reaching the stigma of the same flower. The column is also generally
much more developed, owing to the elongation of the disc-like base.

It may be divided into tribes and genera, like the Diandra, but the
only point which concerns us now is the exact point of contact with the
latter. Dr. Pfitzer, who has attempted an arrangement of the Order with

1

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Vot. IV.) DECEMBER, 1896. (No. 48.

THE

ORCHID REVIEW:

Hn 3llustrated Monthly Journal,

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Contents. : ue
PAGE | < Pace ‘ a
Calendar of Operations for December 370 | Macradenia lutescens. ...
Cattleya labiata Youngiana (Fig. 17) ... 369 | Nomenclature of Orchids (By the Right

Correspondence, &c. ... ee «+» 376| Hon. J. Chamberlain, M.P.) He
Cypripedium group... ta --- 363] Notes... : oe cn PoE
_ Paphiopedium oe aes «++ 363 | Orchid Portraits a i egy
‘Cypripedium x Medeia monstrosa . ... 360 Orchids in the Law Courts... es 53
‘Cypripediums, complex hybrid <er3Gy Orchids at the Royal Horticultural
Cypripediums derived from four species 361 Society . te oe ++ 3740
Cypripediums of doubtful parentage ... 368 | Sobralia Lies: a dee <-+ 367
Dendrobium ie = ~«< +++ 356| Vanda Sanderiana, ... a Bea.
ie pumila... one Bor

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THE ORCHID REVIEW. 367

]

respect to its progressive d p , places the tribe Ophrydez next to

F but an ination of its highly complex structure shows it
to be far more remote. In fact Ophrydez differs from the rest of the Order
in having a basal caudicle and gland, and the anther-cells completely adnate
to th persistent, and often i with the rostellum; and from a
variety of considerations must be placed at the head of the series. The
remaining tribes, Neottiew, Epidendree, and Vande, agree in having an
operculate or deciduous anther, and the caudicle and gland, if developed,
apical. Of these Vandez occupies the highest position, and Neottiee the
lowest, and it is among the latter that the next allies of the Diandre must
be sought. Of the half-dozen subtribes into which the Neottiee may be
divided, Corymbiez clearly. occupies the lowest position, having precisely
the habit of Apostasiez, and although the column is much developed all
the parts of the flower are of relatively simple organisation. It contains
two genera, Corymbis and Tropidia, neither of which are in cultivation.
From these there is a pretty easy transition to the Vanillee, Arethusee,
and Spiranthez, and groups of more complex structure. It is very interest-
ing to be able thus to trace some of the steps by which the Order has been
progressively modified, and it is by this means that the structure of the higher
and more complex genera can best be traced. Without such aids it would
be a very difficult matter to trace the homologies of some of the complex
structures found in the most highly specialised Orchid flowers.

R. A. ROLFE.

oe

SOBRALIA LINDENI.
From time to time some distinct Orchid gets established in cultivation
which has never been botanically described, and the above Sobralia
appears to be one of these. Its history was thus given in the Gardener’s
Chronicle about a year ago (1895, xviii., p. 424) :—‘‘ Under this name a few
fresh imported tufts of Sobralia were sold by Messrs. Linden, of Brussels,
at Messrs. Protheroe and Morris’ rooms in Cheapside, on September r2th,
1893. A flower from a specimen then purchased is kindly forwarded by
C. J. Lucas, Esq., Warnham Court, Horsham, and, as Mr. Lucas says, it
is a most charming species. The flower is large, the sepals and petals of a
delicate blush white, and the lip is also blush white on the basal half, but
the front portion is of a rich deep crimson-purple, shading off into a
nearly blue tint towards the margin. This finely coloured area is
traversed by well-defined branching white lines, which make it a very
distinct feature. At a distance the flower resembles a light form of
Cattleya Luddemanniana.” This very plant received an Award of Merit
from the Royal Horticultural Society, on October 15th, 1895. The species

368 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

has also flowered in the collection of Sir Trevor Lawrence, Bart., Burford,
Dorking. It belongs to Lindley’s second section of the genus,
characterised by having flowers in a flexuose raceme, with distant
cymbiform or. boat-shaped bracts, and is allied to S. rosea, Poepp. and
Endl., and S. Liliastrum, Lindl. There are some half-dozen other species
in the group, but they are chiefly, if not altogether, known from dried
specimens. The habitat is not recorded, but undetermined specimens
collected in Ecuador by Spruce, in 1858, appear to be identical. | Spruce’s
ticket states ‘‘ Caules 6-7 pedales, foliosi, corolla pallide rosea, labio roseo-
purpureo picto. Montana de Canelos, in saxosis, secus fl. Verde, April, 1858;
n. 5379.” Although collected so long ago, these dried specimens still
show the broad red-purple radiating lines on the front of the lip which
constitute such a feature of the garden plant. Of course it does not
follow that the latter came from the same exact locality, but as the two are
also identical in habit, I have no doubt that both belong to the same
species. The flowers measure over three inches long, and last several days,
as one which expanded on November 16th was only partially faded a
week later.
R. A. Roire.

————

CYPRIPEDIUMS OF DOUBTFUL PARENTAGE,

We have received a series of seven hybrid Cypripediums from the collection
of O. O. Wrigley, Esq., Bridge Hall, Bury, which were purchased as very
small plants without any record of parentage, and have now reached the
flowering stage. A flower and leaf is sent in each case, and the question is
from what parents they have sprung. No. x is a light form of C. X
Leeanum; 2, 4 and 5 are forms of C. x Pageanum, the characters of
C. Hookere and C. bi being istakably present; 3 and 7 are
forms of C. X Atys, derived from C. venustum and C. Hookere ; and 7, we
believe, owes its origin to a cross between C. barbatum and C. X
Harrisianum, and is thus a form of C. x Ensign. The leaf is most like
C. barbatum, as might be expected from the fact that it has three-fourths
blood of that species, and the flower is about intermediate between the two
parents. We hope that these seedlings of unrecorded parentage will
not become too numerous. Tracing their descent may be a very good form
of mental athletics, but as we hear of seedlings progressing towards the
flowering stage in which no less than five species are represented, we advise
readers to take care of the records, if they wish to know their descent.
Signs are not wanting of the gradual evolution of a race of highly orna-
mental florists’ flowers, and it will be interesting in future to trace the steps
by which they originated,

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 369

CATTLEYA LABIATA YOUNGIANA.
THIs remarkable variety of Cattleya labiata appeared in the collection of
q-, Fringilla, Sefton Park, Liverpool, and was described
It is remarkable for its short, broad

Reginald Young,
at page 358 of our second volume.
recurved petals, with some crimson-purple feathering near the apex, and for
sembles the petals in

the unusually broad dorsal sepal, which closely
shape, and measures one and a half inches in diameter. There is also a
trace of the purple feathering towards the apex, as well as in the lateral
sepals, but this is more apparent in the flower sent than in the photograph

CATTLEYA LABIATA YOUNGIANA.

Fig. 17.

4 i re quite normal, but the sepals
by Mr. Young. The lip and column are qui =
a : though from a florist’s

Ss é i ew abnormal state,
and petals are in a somewhat 2 : sd
i which cannot be said of

standpoint it is handsomer than the typical form, - Oe

all peloriate flowers. The sepals seem to have become partially “A -

: it is diffic suggest a cause for the

especially the dorsal one, though it is difficult to sugge t a cause 0 ne

peculiarity Of the numerous abnormal flowers which we have saga
; at OD ite ike > Psi t. t

i imes Ww e quite like the presen’

srent times we do not remember on

ug ack t infrequently happens.

be interesting to note if it remains constant, as no

++

will

370 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

CALENDAR OF OPERATIONS FOR DECEMBER.
By H. A. BuRBERRY, Highbury, Moor Green, Birmingham.
THE temperature for the winter months should range as follows :—

THE Coot House.—Day, with sun, 60°; without sun, 50° to 55°;
night, 50°; morning, 45° to 50°.

THE INTERMEDIATE Hovuse.—Day, with sun, 65° to 70°; without sun,
60°; night, 55° to 60°; morning, 55° to 58°.

Tue Warm House.—Day, with sun, 70° to 75°; without sun, 65° to
70°; night, 60° to 65°; morning, 60°.

The present autumn has, up to the time of writing, been particularly
foggy, and in large centres of industry the air has been impregnated with
smoke and various gases, which would otherwise have passed away quickly
into space, and thus the atmosphere has been rendered more or less dis-
tasteful to vegetable life. Some species are, of course, more sensitive in
this respect than others; but generally speaking the flowers of all become
affected in a greater or lesser degree, whilst the foliage of some also soon
indicates its objection to atmospheric impurities by turning yellow and
falling off. I have noticed this most particularly with some of the Mexican
species, such as Epidendrum vitellinum and Lzlia autumnalis. It is,
unfortunately, an ill which must be endured, and the only way to avoid
extremes in this matter of loss of foliage that I can suggest is to keep up a
good supply of atmospheric moisture, and admit no air during the times the
fog ison. Now that we are in the depth of the dull season it is more than
ever necessary to be carefulin such matters as watering, ventilating, and pay-
ing constant attention’to the maintenance of the most suitable atmosphere.
Of course, no good cultivator will try to force his plants to make growth
quickly at this dull dark season ; but ‘will endeavour by all possible means
to prevent them from going back. This can be done only by keeping up
the above-mentioned temperatures steadily, avoiding éxcessive heat or cold,
moisture or aridity. Of the two latter I believe aridity is the most injurious
when carried to extremes, either at the roots or in the air. It should be
seen that the resting of any Orchid that may be dormant is not too severely
done, whilst all those that are growing’should be afforded enough water to
keep the compost in a moistened state. And it will generally be found
necessary to damp down the floors, &c., once or twice daily, as it may seem
to require. This will cause the hygrometer to register, if that instrument is
employed, about three degrees below the temperature, or in other words
three degrees of evaporation for the greater part of the time, and this
remark applies to the Cool, Intermediate, and Warm departments ; that is,
so far as it affects the atmosphere. Where it is possible to collect all the
cool resting Ccelogynes, Dendrobiums, Lycastes, and some few individual
members of the genera Odontoglossum and Oncidium and their allies into

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 378

one house, the hygrometer may show five, or at times even ten degrees of
evaporation, and the plants will at the same time be the better for it, so
long as they do not shrivel, because they will be more completely rested.

In the Warm houses it sometimes happens that some portion is apt to
become unduly dry, perhaps owing to a superabundance of hot water pipes
at that point, or to some other cause. When such is the case there is
always a danger of red spider appearing. To cause a nice atmosphere and
to prevent this danger, it is a good plan to procure a few nice clean oak
tree leaves, and place them at convenient places, keeping the same always
moist. These, if freshly replenished at intervals, will maintain, what seems
to me, a beautiful invig ing aromatic ph which cannot fail to be
of service to the plants. On the other hand there are frequently some parts
within a house which are very liable to become too wet or cold, owing to
exactly opposite causes ; and here also every endeavour should be made to
modify the effects by using water sparingly there, and by covering the glass
outside, when the weather is cold, with garden mats or some other warm
material.

The Dendrobiums are now pashing. their flower buds. - The earliest of
all to bloom should be D. ) and those several
hybrids claiming it for a parent. These are wane pretty little things, easy
to grow, and as free to flower. D. X Cassiope and D. X endocharis are
even in bloom at this date, without wanting any extra warmth to bring out
their flowers. Other hybrids and species will follow in due time. Do
not hurry them too quickly. To keep up a succession of bloom a few of
the earliest may be taken towards the end of this month from the green-
house, or wherever they may be resting, and placed in intermediate tempera-
ture, which is quite warm enough to bring on the flowers. Another batch
may be taken a week or two later, and so on, but the majority should not
be in flower, if possible, until February or March, particularly D.
Wardianum, which is apt to come very early unless specially held in check:
Should any of these Dendrobes flower prematurely early, do not attempt to
force the growth by great heat directly the flowers have faded, but let them
occupy cool quarters until later on in the spring.

A supply of sphagnum moss should be got in readiness towards the end
of this month so that there may be no occasion to stand still for want of
compost when repotting commences in the new year. It sometimes happens
then that no moss can be had until the frost breaks, which is often a long
while. Amongst the earliest Orchids that will require repotting will be
some of the Cypripediums which have finished flowering, such as C. insigne
and its varieties and hybrids. Small hanging pans should be wired ready
for the Dendrobiums, sticks painted, &c., &c., for there is but little time
to do this work later on in the growing or potting season.

372 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

Answers to the four following questions may be interesting here :—

(t) Cattleya Dowiana from Costa Rica failing to flower. Can I
suggest a reason? All the plants have made strong growth this season,
but no sheaths or flower spikes have appeared. They are grown in a lean-to
house facing south, specially built for Orchids; are near the glass, and
have but little shading indeed, only on hot bright days; the temperature
has been kept as per your instructions, if anything, a degree or two higher.
——In the first place I must say that this Cattleya Dowiana coming from
Costa Rica is a notoriously shy-flowering one. It is not so with the variety
C. Dowiana aurea, though so far as the flowers are concerned there is
practically no difference between them. There is, however, a slight differ-
ence in growth. Both the leaves and pseudo-bulbs of C. Dowiana are
shorter and stouter than those of C. D. aurea. The latter will push up
flowers almost before the bulb can be said to be quite completed ; whilst
the former stays a few weeks before doing so. But the greatest difference
is that the Costa Rica variety is most shy to bloom, whilst the other, which
comes from the State of Antioquia, about six hundred miles further south,
is very free, in fact almost too free to flower. The cultivation seems all
that is to be desired. Do what you will with the variety you have, there is
sure to be a large percentage each year that will fail to flower. With a
view of causing bloom I would not advise you to go into extremes with
either bright sunshine or with drought, because if these are excessively
given the plants may become stunted and weakly, which would, of course,
have the reversed effect. The main object to have in view is to grow the
plants as healthy and the pseudo-bulbs as large as possible, for the greater
the strength the more freely will they bloom.

(2) In the same house are growing a number of Epidendrum ciliare.
The new growths are covered with a sticky substance, so much so as to
interfere with the growth. Had the plants been growing properly I think
better results would have been arrived at. Iam afraid to put them with
my cool Orchids, although I know when cool Orchids are grown too warm
the same thing as regards this gummy substance occurs with them. The
cause of this over-abundance of sticky substance on Epidendrum ciliare is
Not so easy to explain. It is certain, however, that the position the plants
occupy does not agree with them in some way or another. 1 am inclined
to think that they have too much sun or warmth, or perhaps both. Ours
are grown in rather a shady Intermediate house, alongside such plants as
Odontoglossum grande and Miltonia vexillaria, where the temperature
ranges in winter from 50° to 60°, with sun 65°; and I have not noticed this
sticky matter. You could experiment with one plant at the warmest end
of your Cool house. But the remainder I should give an intermediate
temperature, with not too much bright sunshine.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 373

(3) What is the cause of Lelia anceps not flowering? They are at
the coolest end of the Intermediate house, and well up to the light. Is it
because I have not given them plenty of water? Do they require an extra
supply of this during summer ?——Perhaps the cause of Lelia anceps not
flowering may be due to weakness. It is difficult to imagine any other
cause, as the treatment given seems to be all right, although I think the
warmest end of the Intermediate house would, in nine cases out of ten, suit
them better than the coolest end. By the description given of the house
that grows your C. Dowiana so well, I should think that it would make a
delightful place for Lelia anceps also, placing them at the airiest and
sunniest end. Perhaps your plants were disturbed by being re-potted last
season, as after this they often miss blooming the next year. Lelia anceps
does not require a larger supply of water at the root when growing than
any other Lzlia or Cattleya. They must, of course, have enough, which is
simply a soaking when they become dry.

(4) Large pans full of Ccelogyne cristata failing to bloom. They have
been kept dry this autumn, but I can trace no signs of flower spikes. They
grow in the coolest house——Ccelogyne cristata grows well enough with
the majority of cool Orchids if a little care is given to find a good position
for it. But’ when one has the advantage of more warmth in another house
when making its growth it is better to take it. For then the new pseudo-
bulbs are apt to grow larger, and, of course, flower better. It should always
be removed again about September or October to a cool dry house, remain-
ing there until February or March, with but very little water. The above
treatment may not be the means of bringing flowers the first season, but
ultimately is sure to do so. That is supposing the plant is in good health,
and the mass of bulbs not loose, for the want of peat and sphagnum moss
packed into the centre of the plant or anywhere where it is becoming
hollow.

ORCHIDS IN THE LAW COURTS.

THE case of Rappart versus the Owen Trustees was reported at page 267,
judgment being reserved. We are now informed that judgment was given
on November 25th. Mr. Commissioner Kerr observed that it was a very
long time since a case had given him so much trouble as this one had done,
and he really did not know which way to decide, though possibly some
other judge might see his way to do so. He was bound to say, how-
ever, that the plaintifl had failed to satisfy him that he did not get the
plants intended, and would simply non-suit him, so that he might bring an
action in another court. He allowed the defendants their expenses, We
reserve any comments on the matter for the present.

374 THE ORCHID REVIEW.
ORCHIDS AT THE ROYAL HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY.

CoNSIDERING the season, there was a fine display of Orchids at the Royal
Horticultural Society’s meeting, at the Drill Hall, James Street, West-
minster, on November 14th, including two decided novelties in the beautiful
albino forms of Cypripedium Charlesworthii and Cattleya maxima, from the
collections of Fred. Hardy, Esq. and Hamar Bass, Esq., respectively, which
are described in the following report :—

Hamar Bass, Esq., Byrkley, Burton-on-Trent (gr. Mr. Hamilton),
received a First-class Certificate for the beautiful albino, Cattleya maxima
alba, in which the whole flower was pure white, with the exception of a
broad light-yellow line along the disc, the latter being characteristic of the
species. It is further interesting as the first albino of this species which we
are able to trace.

Fred. Hardy, Esq., Tyntesfield, Ashton-on-Mersey (gr. Mr. Stafford),
received an Award of Merit for a most int ing plant provisionally called
Cypripedium Fred. Hardy, but which we suspect is an albino of C.
Charlesworthii. It has the general character of this species, but the leaves
have lost the purple markings, the scape is light green, the petals and lip are
light greenish yellow, and the dorsal sepal white, with a little purple stain
at the base. The staminode is exactly as in the type. When exhibited the
flowers were not fully developed. A fine form of Cattleya x Hardyana
also came from the same collection.

W. J. Thompson, Esq., Walton Grange, Stone, Staffs. (gr. Mr. Stevens),
received a Silver Banksian Medal for a group of fine cut spikes of Cattleya
labiata, Pec a form with very large flowers, Cypripedium x Fascinator,
Od x And O. gloriosum, O. Pescatorei, O. grande,
and seca fine forms of O. crispum, to one of which, called var. Golden
Queen, an Award of Merit was given. It is a large and handsome form with
light-yellow ground and broad segments spotted with brown, as in some
forms of O. x Wilckeanum, to which it would be referred but for the fact
that the shape is almost that of O. crispum.

Baron Sir H. Schréder, The Dell, Egham (gr. Mr. Ballantine), sent a
raceme =o the Benmore white Cattleya labiata Countess Fitzwilliam, and a
£ Cymbidium Tracyanum with eighteen enormous
: to which a Cultural Commendation was given.

H. S. Leon, Esq., Bletchley Park, Bletchley (gr. Mr. Hislop), showed a
splendid plant of Lelia pumila prestans with eleven large and_ richly
coloured flowers, including two twin-flowered scapes. A Cultural Com-
mendation was awarded. He also sent Cattleya labiata venosa, a striking
form irregularly veined and streaked with darker purple, much in the way
of C. 1. Peetersii.

THE ORCHID REVIEW. 375

G. W. Law-Schofield, Esq., New Hall, Hey, Rawtenstall, Manchester
(gr. Mr. Shill), sent a fine pan of Pleione maculata alba with thirty flowers,
and a series of coloured drawings, by Macfarlane, of plants in his collection,
including Cypripedium X hg superbum, C. X Charles Richman,
C. X Schofieldi Cc. x Cowl Annie Louise, &c.

C. L. N. Ingram. Esq., Elstead House, Godalming (gr. Mr. Bond),
exhibited three very pretty hybrids:—Lelio-cattleya x Minerva (L.
Perrinii ¢ x C. Lawrenceana ¢), a richly coloured flower, and the pseudo-
bulbs and leaves strongly stained with purple, as in the pollen parent ; L.-c.
x Homére (L. Perrinii @ xX C. Percivaliana 3), fairly intermediate
between the parents, though showing the distinct shape of the former ; and
L.-c. X Meteor (L. Dayana @ x C. Bowringiana 7), which also combines
the characters of the two parents, though most like the former in the
flower.

H. H. Bolton, Esq., Newchurch, Manchester (gr. Mr. Eastwood), sent a
nice form of Cattleya labiata.

Frau Ida Brandt, Riesbach, Zurich, sent Od gl x
and a richly coloured form of O. Krameri.

J. H. Kitson, Esq, Elmet Hall, Leeds (gr. Mr. Bonsall), sent two nice
forms of Cattleya Bowringiana, and a very fine inflorescence of Odonto-
glossum Uroskinneri with eleven expanded flowers and several buds.

H. Shaw, Esq., Birch Vale, Derbyshire (gr. Mr. Cliffe), showed a fine
Cypripedium, apparently derived from C. Lawrenceanum and C. ciliolare,
and, perhaps, a form of C. X Smithii. It had the name C. xX Hobsoni,
but if the records are correct that has a different parentage.

Colonel Wilson, Hillside, Allerton, Liverpool (gr. Mr. Healey), sent a
pretty unnamed Cypripedium, said to have been derived from C. bellatulum
¢ and C. callosum ¢.

Messrs. James Veitch and Sons, Chelsea, staged a splendid group of
Orchids, to which a Silver Flora Medal was given. It contained a series of
the beautiful hybrids raised in the establishment, the principal ones being
the handsome Lzlio-cattleya X Pallas, L.-c. Xx Decia, L.-c. x Statteriana»
Lice xs bady Rothschild (L. Perrinii @ xX C. Warscewiczii 3), several
Cattleya X Mantinii, C. x Fabiola (C. X Bowringiana @ X C. X
Harrisii ¢), Masdevallia x Ajax, M. X Asmodia, Selenipedium Boissier-
ianum, S. X Cleola, S. X cardinale, S. X Perseus, Cypripedium X
vexillarium, a fine C. X Leeanum, C. x Arthurianum with eight flowers,
C. X Minosa, C. X orphanum, C. X T. B. Haywood, C. Bruno var.
Roxana (C. Spicerianum ? X C. x Leeanum ¢). A First-class
Certificate was awarded to the magnificent Lzlio-cattleya x Nysa superba
(L. crispa @ X C. Warscewiczii ¢).

Messrs. F. Sander & Co., St. Albans, received a Silver Banksian Medal

11.

376 THE ORCHID REVIEW.

for an interesting group containing several plants of Cattleya labiata,
Dendrobium Johnsonie, S phronitis ¢ difl and Lelia pumila
prestans, also a good Cyperorchis elegans, the pretty Trichopilia brevis,
Phaio-calanthe x Arnoldiz, Oncidium tigrinum, Cypripedium insigne, ‘C.
X Alcides, and Calanthe x albata, a most interesting hybrid between C.
veratrifolia @ and C. X Cooksoni ¢, most like the former in habit and the
latter in the shape of the flowers.

Messrs. Hugh Low & Co., Upper Clapton, also contributed a pretty
group containing some fine forms of Cattleya labiata, one with very large
flowers, the pretty Cattleya x Minucia, Miltonia Roezlii, and its variety
alba. A Vote of Thanks was given.

Mr. R. Gulzow, Melbourne Nurseries, Bexley Heath, also received a
Vote of Thanks for a group of good things, including Vanda Sanderiana,
Cypripedium Spicerianum, C. insigne punctato-violaceum, C. X cenanthum
superbum, and some good forms of Cattleya labiata and Dendrobium
Phalenopsis.

Messrs. Garraway & Co., The Nurseries, Clifton, Bristol, sent a curious
double flower of Cattleya labiata, or, rather, two flowers fused into one, as is
occasionally seen in other Orchids.

ORCHID PORTRAITS.
AERIDES LAWRENCE&.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 21, pp. 628, 629, fig. 109.
CaTTLEYA X LE Czar.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 14, pp. 592, 593, fig. 104;
Gard. Mag., Nov. 14, p. 775, with fig.
CycnocuEs Haacet, Rodr.—Bot. Mag., t. 7502.
CyPRIPEDIUM X CHAPMANI.—Gard. Mag., Nov. 21, p. 794, with fig.
CyYPRIPEDIUM CHARLESWoRTHII, Low’s var.—Gard. Mag., Oct. 31,
PP- 740, 744, with fig.
MAXILLARIA STRIATA, Rolfe.—Gard. Chron., Nov. 21, p. 631, fig. 110.
PHALENOPSIS X LEUCORRHODA, Rev. Hort., Nov. 1, p. 500, with plate.
VANDA SANDERIANA.—Gard. World, Oct. 31, p. 137, with fig.
eee
CORRESPONDENCE, &c.
B., Hamburg. 1, Oncidium Kappleri; 2, Gongora bufonia; 3, Odontoglossum

Lindleyanum ; 4, Oncidium micropogon.
ae P., Croydon. Odontoglossum nebulosum candidulum, very good.

unrecognised form.
F. J, Le M., Chicago. The Sobralias are well preserved. Letter follows,

INDEX.

ACACALLIS cyanea, 354.
Acanthophippium eburneum, 34:
Adactylus, 328, 3293 latifolive. a Lobbii,
29; nu 4
Adaptive pea S, 327.
Aérides radicosum album, 223.
Albinos,
Amateur’s notes, ie 61, 80, 110, 138, 201, |
238, 270, 2
Ancestral Characters, 327.
Angraecum bistortum, 35 ; Fournierae, 196,
B17 tum, 160; Sede ar
stylosum, 196, 217; sesquipedale, 63
Anguloa alba-magna, 124, 139; Walniona,
139

3
Ants, 250.
Ants’ nests in Coane 306.
Apostasia, 328, 329; alba, 329 ; gracilis, 329 ;
odorata, 329 ; stylidioides, 329; Wallichii,
9.

3
Apostasiez, 328 ; of Malay Peninsula, 355 ;
Arachnanthe Lowii, 320.
Arundina chinensis, 29 ; Philippi, 29.
Ascochilus, 335 ; siamensis, 355.
Autranand Durand Hortus Boissterianus, 321

Barkeri:

Bartholina pectinata, 207.

Batemania, sp , 197.

Bees and Coryanthes, 306; and Orchids, 246.
Beetle larva attacking Orchids, 136.

Bletia catenulata, 197; prastans, 277;
pumila, 277; Watsoniana, 197.

Bletia crossed with Calopogon, 280; with
Lelia, 42, 43; with anes 3343 with
Schomburgkia, 42,

Bolus, /cones le Aust:
arum extra aie da a 268; Ovhias ar

the Cape Peninsula,
Botanical Certificates, oe
Botanical Orchids at Kew, 69, 111, 135, 207,
245, 200, 303-
Biachycoryihis es 268.
Brassia Lewisii,
Brasso-cattleya by Lindleyana, 122,
Brassoleya X, 9.
Balbophyllun attenuatum, 102, 3553 barbi-
apt 102, 335;
rthoglossum,

Bulbophyllum section Taras 355+
Burlingtonias, 282.
377

eae de albata, 376; xX bella, 63;
Dom ee 201; xX larrisii, 32;

rosea, aes rubens, 84; versicolor, 30;
estita Fournieri, 84.

Calanthes, 118.

Calendar of Operations, 24, 56, 88, 116, 150,
180, 213, 249, 281, 313, 343, 370.

Calopogon crossed with Bletia, 280.

| Catasetum apertum, 21; barbatum, 176;
Bungerothii, 292; ‘callosum, 288; macro-
carpum, 186; Russellianum, 254;
os splendens imperiale, 31; jeucan-

um, 220; X 5s. panctatissimum, 353
aaah, 186; uncatum,

Catasetum, fertilisation of, a

Catasetums, 90, 343:

Catlelia X,9; X shai 9.

Cattleya Avot jain fa, 256; aurantiaca,
ate lo, Hee bicolor deren 3193

he ron 359 3553 rymeri-
na, 32: citrina, 162, 186; Dowiana
(failing to flower), 372; au
354; D. a. Statteriana, 243; D. John-
soniana, 349; marantina, i

3493 . in| 9 5
Serb 160; D. Wheatley’s var., 348;

e, 347; X Elvina, 351; Eldorado
is, 260; X a ee 297, 320;
x abicia 3753 refly, 347; flori-
posse: 1393 gigas chantsaa af Derby, 2433

nulosa Banneri, 244, asta.

oe, > 187; X Hardyana, 225, 24
264, 292, 302, 310 (artificially raised), 24 2

ae ;

292, 298 aia list of pci NTIRY
241— 244 ba, 3543. X ‘oun-
= of Derby, 323, 3475 5 x i splendens,
3X Jupiter, 347; La Belle, 350,

'$ fused) 376;

; 1. Countess Fitzwilliam, 374 ; |-

Mie E. Ashworth, 347; 1 pallida, 1; |
. I. Measures’ var., 350; 1. venosa, 3743
Lawre-Mossiz, ey

28
3595 labiata, 343, 3543 sen
alba, 2

196; X Le Czar, 352; Leopoldi, 289;
ioiad ti; 4X Lord Rothschild,
3373 Luedd ay 35 725 99 259 290,
fonnpete list Oty sept 70; L. Ernestii,
; luteola, ; Mantinii 350 ;
marginata, 275, 277; Marriotti: $
Massaiana, 242; maxima all ‘
Mendelii, eee . (abn rmal),129 ; M
leucoylossa, Miss Ra ey 303
Mossie, 193 ras pide is Stee i see diana,

atrice, 189 ;
a

102;

378

Cattleya—
bicolor, 66; P. Ingram’s var , 63; X Phei-
dona, 34; Pinelii, 275, 2 773 x Preciosa,
186, 3593 weed 275), 277 ; p major. 276,
297} 2 2 ; Schroedere, 187 ; S.
eloiosse 127 5, 3 eximia, 160 ; X Sedeni,
186 ; speciosissima, FO GES ‘spectabilis,

275, 277; X Statteriana, 243; superba,
1953 — 195 3 Forbesii, 265 ;
Trianz (two-lipped), 130 ; T alba, 64 .
abe poly 123 wshayana,
123; T- lilacina, 99; T- delicata., 155; T.
Mrs Warren Hook, 155; T. Reine des
Belges, 125 ~ superba, IOI ;

Triumph, 359; velutina, 168 ;

Warscewiczii, 196, 225, 226, 237, 238; W.
Countess of Derby, 243; W. Shuttle-
worthii, 254; X William Murray, 126, 133 ;
x var. fulgens, 140, 156.

Cattleya “blue,” 174, 234, 2353 a curious,
54; disease, 307; fertilisation of, 246;
fly, 28, 44, 147, 162,

198, 199, 253; the largest, 237.
Cattleyas, 182, 249, 343; diphyllous, 114,
ewly imported, 283.
Chon dromhywene albicans, 221 ; Chestertoni,
157-

Chysis x cag oad —
Cirrhopetalum compac'
3 nutans, 223;
childianum, 433 sp.
Cleisostoma estat, 355-
spersa, 294 ; Bean gl, 5
ng to ona 373; aba, 123;
Lauterbachiana, 211 ; Micholitai, 287;
Rumphii, 194 pandetane, 255; uni-
flora, 212; Veitchii, 21
Coelogynes, 91.
Cogniaux, Orchids =
caeaeadar oe
Cogniau: Goosens. | ee aie Icono-
rors des Orchiées, 324, 355.
Comparettia speciosa. 348.
Correspondence,; 32, 64, 96, 128, x60, 192,
224, 266. 1288, 320, 352, 384.
Copan g0; leucocorys, 305 ; macran-
tha, 306; wore 306; maculata
vitrina, 305 ; Wolfii,
Cormbiez. 367.
Corymbis, 367.
Costa Rican Orchids, 160.

3 graveolens,
Ponta 308 ; Roths-

Martiuss Flora

Cycnoches, 90, 343; aureum, 229;
maculatum, 228,°287.
Cymbidium x Lowio-eburneum, 122;

Mastersii album,

374; tigrinum, 158,
Cymbidiums, 154.
Cynorchis grandiflora, 266.
Cypripediez, 329.
Cypripedilum, 366.

3543; Tracyanum 3,

INDEX.

Cypripedium acaule, 334; X Adonis, 11,

35; XA. J. Heirinston, 361 ; Xx Alcides,
38; x Alfred Bleu, 11; albu c
amabile, 111; xX Amesia, 15; X anna-
mense, 63, 362 ; x Annie Ayling, 95; X
apiculatum, 260; Appletonianum, 18;
arietinum, 332; X R. Smith, 64;
Ashburtoniz, 1; shtoni, 32; X
Atropos, 309; X Atys, 368; ag at
rubrum, 53; X aureum, 12, 13;

var. Hermione, 13; X ba rbato- iohatelaae
IOl; xX barbatrelan 1223

Warneri, 131; ron Schréder, 3625
beechense, “ee igs an Bellona, 11;
bellatulum, 186, 0373 b. (cultivation of),
532 xX By ee ianum, 362 ;
Boxallii, 35, 301; B. (hybrids) 301; X
Boyleanum, x Brunianum, rs
x Bruno var. Roxana, 375; x Bryani,
340, 350; Bullenianum, 18; ar.
Appletonianum, 18; Burbidgei, 247; X

burfo-di
x Calceolus-macranthos, 9’
fornicum, 333; X calloso-bellum, ae
callosum, 17, 18; c. var. subleve, we x
Calypso var. Armstrongianum, 15 ;
Stand Hall variety, 63 5 i, cena
x Cecilia, 12; xX Charles Goudoin, 12;
e Charles Reffold, ae i Charles Rich-
x Charles x Steinmetz, 2555
Gaadeecanin 291, 354; C. (albino), 3743
Low's variety, 349; X
x Clement Moore: 3613
362; X conco-Lawre Janus
color, 45; C. var. longipetalum,

iense, 340; Calceolus, 2975 a

62; x Dauthieri, 240; x D.var. Poggio
Gherardo, 98 D. The Albino, 240;
Dayanum, 206 ; debile, 334; de ene
lum, 123 delicatum, 12; X Drurio-

Hookerz, 187 ; ebracteatum, 3345 legate
334 — enfiel ense,
suffusum, 40 ; eae * 68s
Euryades, 64; x Euryale, 256; X eury-
seal nae Eurydice, 12 5 page
. var. Mars 286; Exul, 2 ¢ Ee

13; X Fairy Queen, 349; F
seen 334.5 “fasciolatum, 333 3
Fi 6 : Finetianum, Frau
Ida Bisadt, 362; Fred. Maras 3743 X
Gibezianum, 12; X giganteum, 133 x
gloriosum, 13 ; Godehayes oe Eis es

rr

334; _X Harri- Leeanum, 361
risander, 228, 256, 273; X Harrisianum
(sport’, 239, 263 ; x H. cameron) 853
x H. virescens, 240, 300, 325; ebe,
133 nti Vander- panos 64,
362; Henryi, 333; Xx Hera, 133 x
Hermione, 13; _highfieldense, 1593
himalaicum, 333; hirsutissimum Stand
var., 126; Hobsoni, 255, 3753
Horneri, 13 Seyi 13> us
dra, 3513 1 sepals

x Indra,
alike), 32; 1. (vith ine pee 3535

INDEX.

Cypripedium—
i, atratum, 7 ; i. Ballianum, 319 ; 3 i. var.
Exul., 2713 i. “montanum,” 6; i. puncta-
Sander:

: ingham, 95; X Jame-
sonianum, 96; japonicum, 334 ; javanicum,
206; j. var. virens
349; X Merchovesnum, 161;
anum, 37; imballianum,
248; xX Lael 104, 105,
Tawiniceanuts areribens
ouxie, 98, 129;

Kimball.

373

Tittlesnure, 17, 54, 248; C,
83, F183 owryanum, 361;
3333 X_ Mabelie, 2
37; X M. pater 66; mi
297. 333; X Madame de Curte,
x Madame Josci fees 361;

deline, 0; Marchioness oO
Salisbury, 36; sadegadtiacnny 334

montanum,

3623
x Patersoni, 38; 368
;. Petri.

48,

24)

261; ‘ier Pegasus, 95, tar hignene

(abnormal), Sad

platycolor, 29 ; X Rieti eg i. x’ Pol-

lettianum, 361; P. cyan 18; Ree

sp unbaiant, 375 escens, IIT, 3333
157, refalgens, 35: X Regale,

379

Cypripedium —
375; bellatulum x concolor, 221, 222;
prestans X Dauthieri Rossianum, 1
Cy pr mediums 330, 3323 group, 327, 3633
hybrids derived from four species, 361 ;
niybrds ve Selenipedium, 318; sport in
Law Courts, 239 ; trimerous, 85

Cy pHipecionnss 27; complex hybrid, 361;
r. Tautz’s seedling, di newly imported
120; nomenclature of hybrid, 105; of
doubtful parentage, 368 ; system of record-
ing hybrid, 255 ; with Reece at Il,
with twin-flowered scapes, > 129,
oe 312, 353-
Cyrtochilum micranthum, 308.

Cysepedium x, 9.

sera ore x AEneas. 124; x Andomeda,
; Aphrodite, 167 ; arachnites, 175, 186;

virginale, 123; niipess 158; X chi
discus, 1333 aera 73: 7a x Clio,
x 1565

florum, 21,255; X Curtisii, 96; X Cybele,
u ; Devonianum, 177 Dido, 133

; Donnesia, 167, 1943; X Doris, 123;
= dulce, » Oakw Nat 123 5 x Euryclea,

F. PRI Oraa 73; ¥. ‘album,
Findlayanum, aS

m, 167, 290; sa a Berkeleyi,
167; fragrans. 72, 96; lense. 135,

6% arold, ee eet x Hebe,
inv pent 175, 186; Jamesianum
(reatment of), ; Jennyanim,
Kenneth, 1253 Kingianum, 123 ; X
Kingiano- Bene 107, 122; Lee-

324, ibe x Regina, 3515 Regine, anum, 351 5 — 32, 1313 ae
11, 3333 X “ Richmanii,” 6; 3 x Roberti, cornu, 166 ;
38; X Rossianum, 312 ; vi, aan
296, 320; X rubescens 362; X rubrum, nobile and vanes, ae nobile, 128 ;
533 X. Sai loyd, 64, 115; San- n. (abnor esi, 128; n
dere, 139; X Sappho, 38; x Savage- Cooksoni, 5 A giganteum, 163;
anum, es Scofieidianam, 159; X Rajah, 41; h. roseum, 130; X pallens. 94,
siamense, wh 19, 393 Singletoni- 133; Palpebre, 73, 1 Phalznopsis,
anum, Sirius, 38; XX Smithii, 354; pulchellum var. Devonianum, 17:
3755 Spicerianum (with 3° flowered rae aes baRG 102; X Rainbow, 133. 166;
nei platyteenium, 32. 231: X suf oeblingianum, 97; X Rolfe, 74; x
para 43 super viers 223; X Sraoadne, R. var. candi 743 X 133,
16,— 9 a Tautzianum, uckeri, 87; sarmentosum, 96; x
n, ae x Thayeranum. 301; Schneiderianum, 12 speciosum,
tibeticum 333; X Tityus, 361; x Venus, spectabile, 356; X enlendidiseiauiin
Vervaetianum, 256; x Vesta, 38; grandiflorum, 128, 336; x Stratius, 187 ;
Victoria-Mariz, 110, 162; villosum 94, subclausuza, 30; X Thalia, 122, 133, 166 ;
ee 301 ; virens, 206, 261; X viridiflorum, thyrsiflorum, tigrinuin, 356 5
Wendlandianum, 38, 3 Treacherianum, 3 ; velutinum, 122; X
William Lloyd, Pa Williamsianum, Wiganiz, 107, 1 3 Wi ardianum, 2493

99 +
x Woodlandense, 262 ; Wottoni, 124;

Soe iene 333-
PIER dium \unnam barbatui 4
niveum, 309 peliseatara x alleen,

(with three sees 130; giganteum,
131 variety, 123; Wattii,
167, 168.

Dendrobium Beetle, 136, 164.

380

Dendrobiums, 90, 153, 314; el
120; from Bury, 41; in season, ro.

Diacrium bicornutum, 156, 205 ; saab
206.

Diandre, 328.
Diaxenes, 136; dendrobii, 136 ; Taylori, 136,
137.

Dies Orchidiane, * 36, 66, 100, 139, 172,
197, 233, 263, 2
Disa aconitoides, 268; aati 256, se

sanguinea, 268.
Disas, 28, 251 ; hybrid, 196.
Disperis stenoplectron,
Drying Orchid flowers, 179, 288.

53 atro-
rubens, 102; arachnoglossum, ay Bar-
beyanum, 43; bracteatum, 245; r-
tianum, 291; ciliare, 372; cochleatum,
nay x dellense, 189; x elegantulum,

r. aureum, 108; x Endresio-
Walls, 160; fragrans, 220; Godseffi-
anum, 291 ; ha tatum, 189; osmanthum,
291; SiGanis 266 ; Stamtordianum, 162 ;

x ‘Wallisieciate 30; xipheroides, 308.
Epidrobium x, 9
Epileya x
Epipactis africana, 3.
Epiphronitis x Veitchii, 48.
Eria oe 10; bractescens, 187; ccespit-

Eriopsis biloba, 143 ; rutidobulbon, 143, 156.
Euglossa, 236; aurata, 306.
Eulophia calanthoides, 268,

FINDLAY, Bruce, death of, 200.
Figures of Orchids, 100, 356.
Fumigators, Campbell's 23.

GALEANDRA Devoniana, 103.
Galls on the roots of Ops: 148.
Gongora atropurpurea, 341 ; maculata, 223,

227, 341; nigrita, 342; quinquenervis,
ae roar: 3423; sp. with white
0"

G Sanne in Trinidad, 341.

Ha Bee carnea, 210,
1, 2875 esr 210;
Suis
Habernaria She Meduszeformes, 259.
Habenarias, 89, 264; a group of, 209.

287; c. nivosa,
polytricha, 259 ;

oe of the flowers of ei, 205.
petalum jamaicense, 2
Hout tigrina, 95.

INDEX.

“ fool’s experi-

Cia quick, 334;
me crosses, 171;
Z

hg multiple
ens crosses, 133, 165, I
Hybridist’s notes, 41, 169, 326.
Hybrids, natural, 35 ; of identical eg
TIS; My gi 167, 198; system of r
cording,

INSECTICIDE, Richardson’s XL. All, 60.
Insecticides, 316.
Isosoma Orchidearum, 44, 148.

Kew Hand-list of Orchids, 76.

Lac&na bicolor, 144; paneer 144.
Lelia pare a e list of var-
ieties), 50-53; a. (not foweey 37.
atunraals alba, 354;
3593 crispa, 92; Dayana, 277,
ba, 278; Xx Pinceonieetd var.
Schroeder, 433. X Gouldiana, 62; Jong-
heana, 278; X Juvenilis, 359; atona,
150; Lucasiana, 245 ; monophylla, 2875
preestans, 275, 277, 289; £ sheds 290 ;
pe 275; 277, 32h : pao

p- Grimston var., 186; p.
ee tenebrosa, 196 ; X vitellina, 149.

Leelias, 282, 346 ; Mexican, 57.

Lelio-cattleya x Aphrodite, 223; X Baroness
Schréder 280; x Belairensis, 325, 3503

X Bryan, 296, 319; x Brymeriana, 258,
287; X Charles Darwin’ 319; x Cicero,
X Clive, 304, 319; X Clonia, 288;

X exoniensis, 258; x Gazelle, 350; X
Cee 3 o fag rages 157, 1873

Slas,
pe 347, 3593; X velutino- bite 3253
xX Zephyra, 187.

Lanium subulatum, 102.

Latourea spectabilis, 356.

Law notes, 239, 267.

Listera grandiflora, 356.

Lueddemannia triloba, 21,

Lycaste x Imschootiana, 78; plana

on a) :
40; Skinneri, 66, 99; S. (twin-flowered)
131 ; trifoliata, 63.
Lycastes, 183.

INDEX,

MAcopEs Sanderiana, 102.

Macradenia lutescens, 357; modesta, 357.

Manchester Show, 218.

Manuring Orchids, 214.

Masdevallia abbreviata, 63; Acis, 82 ;

Ajax, 228, 256 ; caloptera, 63; Carderi,

254; Chim: 3 corniculata,

enrietta,

94; ludibunda, 62 ; macrura, 31; muscosa,

207; pachyura, sou voce 62; p.
purpurea, 62; u38 * re ttr ony
var. C mera, ,

Chamberlain’s var.
tovarensis, 142.
Masdevallias, 27, 151.
Massee on ‘‘ Spot,” 19.
Maxillaria lepidota, 126; porphyrostele, 95 ;
striata grandiflora, 320.
Mead, system of recording clea 170,
Meiracyllium gemma, 187, 191.
ja aurea, i Ean
87 ; flavescens, 280; Phal
nopsis, 3; Roezlii alba, 1865 R.s splendens

an Nene 62; ;

123, 142; Schroederiana, S. major,
287 ; spectabilis, 322 ; tevin sowered),
9; s. More eliana, 25, 26, 290;

oh Dulcote var. Be e310 5 vexillaria Pe
190; v. “* Mem . D. Owen,” 221.
Minaniaelil Io.
ee 366.

es, 90,

ormodes, Lawrenceanum, 31;
ae 261.

3435

NAMES, descriptive, 174; Latin, 5, 5
174; provisional, 139, 198 ; spurious, Te.
Nauenia spectabilis, 144.
Nephelaphyllum cristatum, 356.
Neuwiedia, 328, 329; ie cnn hoides, 329;
Curtisii, 329; Griffi 329; Lindleyi,
3293 veratrifolia, pote ; asiasen. 329.
Nigritella X suaveolens, 35.

Nomenclature, 133, 165, 172, 197, 359; con-
fusion in, 5, 6; of reverse crosses, 172.

ONE ye apa 3.

1933
eee ey x Andersonianum Ard-
x A. Bradshawii ad
otra isos x A. egr
130; 1; X a. vielaceum,
260; pier penn 2553
267; Bluntii, ) Corie
nel, 95

Satiechin y , 2233 £253 °C.
Golden Queen, 374; cs Lot iohabone

381

Odontoglossum.—

10; c. Lowi,

var., 126, oe x expansum, 190 ; Hallii
oe ES 186; H

meanum
Hunaevellaauri, 3353 in
leyanum, 208 ; ae ticeouERTAnUEh; 252;

a
131; odoratum, oe ; X Pittianum, 155;
polyxanthum, 187; retusum, 95; Rossii,
Ruckerianum,

P!
tripudians (lip whit
Uroskinneri album, 339, 348; X Wilcke-
anum, 155

Odontoglossum, abnormal, 97; cultivation
of, 22.

Odopetalum x, 9, 10.
Oncidium ansiferum, cheirophorum,
2, 63; crispum grandiflorum, 195; dichro-
m, 303 ; Godseffianum, 212 ; ha
252; Jonesianum, 153;
Lanceanum (flowers fused), 227 ; macran-
thum, 226, et } oOnustum, 322; ndura-
tum, 296; Phalaenopsis, 26; tigrinum, 31;
varicosum giganteum, 189; virgulatum,

Oncidiums, 59, 91, 252, 281.

Ophrydez, 367.

Orchis X suaveolens, 35.

Orchid, at home, 230; fraud in the trade,
208 ; growing by the artisan, 143 ; saci
294.

Orchids at Clare Lawn, 141; at ie Baret
orticultural Society, 29, 62, 94, + 155,
185, 220, 254, 285, 318, 347, 3745 ; Ggures

of certificated) 356; (medals) 33, 363
blooms at a penny a- Bere, 1405 Balen,
India:

323; _ figures f
Knowledge, 194; Orchids a tl
‘ourts, 336, 373; in Missouri Botanical

atal,
n

name, 267 ; wintering, 56.

PANISEA uniflora, 212.

PAPHIOPEDILUM, 330, 366.

Tee eae 330,
ianum, A
3653 bellat tul um, 365 5 ;
Bullenianum, eee — llosum, 3655 |

oe
ciliolare, es ee 365; Curtisii,
365;

55 yanum, 365; Druryi, 364;
Exul, mre Fairieanum, 364; ndu-
liferum, ig Godefroy, 365; Hay-
naldianum, hirsutissimum, 3645

Hookere, sie oe insigne, 364; javanicum,

382
Paphiopedium—
Kimballianum, 366;

zestans, 363;
ebschlidianum,

purpuratum, 365 ; 363;
Sanderianum, 66 ;
Spicerianum, 364; Stonei, 363; Sa

biens, 365; tonsum, 364; venustum, 365;
Victoria - Marie. 364; villosum, 364;
virens, 365.

Pelatantheria, 355.

Peristeria aspersa, 222 ; elata, 335.

Pescatoreas, 6.

Phaio-calanthe x Berryana, 30; x Sedeni,
64.

Phaius x Ashworthianus, 3513 grandifo ‘ius,
76; g. crossed with Bletia, 334.

Phalenopsis x Sreing 147; X ‘Baron

Schréder superba,” 140; X intermedia,
35 Lueddemanniana, 141; Schilleriana,
vestalis, 141; speciosa,

ee ey 168; x Veitchiana, 96.

Phalenopses, 25, 141, 345.

Phalanthe x, 9,

E Ag oeraphic illustrations, 109, ror.

oe
3333 -caricinum, 3325. "cat, 3323

332; Lindleyanum, = Era 3325
Sargentianum, 3323; Schlimii, 332; vit!
tum, 332.

Physurus chinensis, 356.
Plasmodiophora, 20.
Platyclinis glumacea, 158.
Pleione maculata alba, 375.

Pleiones, 26.
Pleurothallis Baas: see punctulata
Roezlii, 94; uloides, 2:

Pogonia sp. ee 222.

Pollen, influence of 170, 326; vitality of, 41.
Polystachya Kirkii, 21.

Porphyroglottis Maxwellia, 194, 355.

PORTRAITS— eres ue grandiflorus, 93—
Aérides 376

wren — Angrecum
Fourniere, ae eee 185; Sander-
m, 61; stylosum, 217 — Anglos
ta,

2533; Schreederian: 253 — Calanthe
eigas, 61 Catasetum GHeatya
x dii, 155— aliens
intermedia (double) sae labiata (two-

leaved), 61; x Le Czar, 376; x Lord

Rothschild, 352; x i eae 29, 93;
Mossiz. oldiana, 253 ; M. Beatrice,217
Percivaliana Ingram’s var., 12 roe-

dere, 121; Seitriederiaka. 3537 Skinneri,

INDEX.

Portraits —

318; Trianz alba, 93; T. delicata, 1553

t Mrs. Warren Hook, 155 —Cochlioda
Dees 135 — Ceelogyne Veitchii, 217,

Yolax jugosus, 155—Comparettia
speciosa, 352 — “yenoches aug orochilon,
217; Haagei, 376— —Cymbidium _ longi-
folium, 29; Lowio-: burma 12I—

Cypripedium x Allanianum superbum, 61;

rnusianum, 155} pmani, 376;
Charlesworthii Low's var., 376; x Creon,
3 & Denisianum, 155; ul Major
y's 155; Fairieanum, 155;
Elliottianum, 61 ur ae 61; x
Gertrude Hollington, 93; xX H anneal

253; insigne (sepals alike), 61; x James
Buckingham, 93; Mastersianum, 121;

tchioness of Salisbury, 293 x
x Ridolfianum, 217; San-
x Schofieldianum, 185,
mum var.

var., 1555 3 cymbidioides, 185 ;
layanum,
x Leechianum,
933

crispa superba, 318; X
elegans Turneri, 217 — Lzlio- -cattleya x
Andrean na, 280; X Charles D:

aste Smeeana, 93 Masdevalia
corniculata inflata, 185; X Shuttryana
Chamberlain’s
striata, 376 —Mi

marae aera) 1553 ¢
3 c. augustum, 185; Schroeder-
, 121; Galeottianum, 280;
anum, 121; maxi ae 933 ic
x Pittianum, Woe 3 ad oad flavi-
dum, 93; ses le 1553
jo-calanthe X Sedan
ucor-

Saccolabium ampullact
chilus acetic 2o8 Selenipedium X
Dalleanu 29—Stan a florida, 121;

Q
3
ra)
c.
ry

Gautieri, 93; intermedium, 352; ™
352; maxillare, 352; x Perrenondi, 1

Pterygodium Newdigatze, 269.

REICHENBACH’S Herbarium, set

Renanthera_ histrionica, 355 mschoo
ana, 229, 265; Papilio, 229 3 Storie, ant,

Renantherella, 355.

INDEX.

Repotting, 27, 315.

Restrepia Balkeabergit;3503 maculata, 350 ; |

sanguinea
Rhynchadenia cubensis, 357-
Rhynchostylis retusa, 201.

wig Eaumeraen of Bornean Orchids.
aE 3550 caidacee and Apostasiacee
of ‘aie Malay ‘penineulan 355:

Roda veias InCOnS ED 43; Lindeni, 295 ;
pubese 295-

Rolfe, on Homsloplsiont Jamaicense ; on
t Cypripedium group, 327, 3
Revision of the genus Vanilla, 34, 355.

Root action, 337-
Roots, vertical, 341

SACCOLABIUM curvifolium, 179; hainanense,
22, 356; miniatum, 178, 220; Smeeanum,
274-

Sarcanthus insectifer, 355.

Sarcochilus hainanensis, 356 ; Hartmanni,
158; hirtulus, 355.
ee: 1 ish 285,

Scelochilus carinatus, 22.

Schizodium antenniferum, 268.

Sckombletia X, 9-

pehoubure ts tibicinis crossed with Bletia
verec' 280.

oa Patent ‘Orchid basket, 86.

Seed,-period of ripening, 41, 112, 169.

Seedlings, 171, 172; _an interesting experi-
ments 180; 280; of Dendrobium nobile,
II

oe of Orchids, 312.
Selenipedilum, 366.
Selenipedium, 33% 3315
I x r) 38; x B. candidulum,
320; EY Walisi, 43 Chica, 331;
mio, ; Finetianum, 12;
giganteun, 13 ; X hybri

306; xX

anum, 331; X palmifolium, 331; X
pulchellum, ee x Schroeder, Sc
andidulum, xX Sedeni aco

311; X Uranus, 224; x Ven
Selenipedium, hybrids with pe Ao
318.
Selly Hill collection, 257; seedlings of, 290.
Serrastylis modesta, 357-
Sobralia Brandti#, 211; es 367;

luteola, 124; macrantha alba, 3233 m.
Kienastiana, 323.

383
| Sobralias, 258.
Sobraleya X, 9.
Sophro-cattleya X Veitchii, 319.
Sophrolelia x lata, 33.
Sophroleya xX, 9.
Ponnronigs grandiflora, crosses of, 290;

|-pods of, 312; pterocarpa, 3.
Sophrovola x. 9.
Spathoglottis plicata var. Micholitziana, 266.
Species, What constitutes a ? 301.
Spiranthes Metallica, 102.
Sporting, 232.
Spot disease, 19, 66, 67.

Stanho} eburnea, 287; oculata, a 4
Wardii, 156; W. yenusta, 14; Warsce:
wicziana, 262.

Staurochilus, 355-

Stenoglottis longifolia, 240, 245.

Synonyms, manu’acture of, 68.

TEMPLE Show, 188.

Thrips, 23.

Trias disciflora, 267 ; vitrina, 21.

Taepooe candidum, 43} /longical-

caratum
T SRT ee 355°
Trichopilia nwultiflora, 357-
Tropidia, 367.

UrRopepiuM Lindeni, 143, 330-

VANDA X cisco 63; coerulea, 2,
1 ¥ c. (crossed with
v. Amesiana), 280 ; ens 117, 3025
jana,
347, 358 ; teres grandiflora, 185.
Vanda, seedlings, 226.
Vanilla imperialis, 194; planifolia, 34.
Vanilla, revision of the genus, 34, 355+
Varieties, 134, 166, 172, 232; are they
permanent ? 231.
Veitch’s Chelsea blight, 23-
* Village ot the demon flowers,” 203, 233-

Virgin Mary Orchid, 205.

384 INDEX.

WATERING, 92. ZEUXINE cochlearis, 268.

West’s Patent Orchid basket, 153. Zygocidium

X59

Zygodendrum x, 9.

XYLEBORUS morigerus, 137.

Zy¢
R., system of recording hybrid SACHS 62,

ees 255. Se enenondi 107.

Zygolax X, 9.
‘gopetalum srandiforum, 2543

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Cattleya x Hardyana
» labiata Youngiana...
»» ™& Lord Rothschild
Triane Arkleana .
Copanthés maculata vitrina
Cypripedium Appletonianum
” callosum
” x He cenden,
X siamense .
Denaranen Devonianum ... ae
Habenaria carnea_..
” militaris ...
” Susanne ...
Leelio-cattleya x Ingramii
asdevallia rosea... an
Odontoglossum crispum_—...
Seasell’s Patent Orchid Basket
Vanda Sanderiana_... es

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