OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE
FARLOW HERBARIUM OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY

HARVARD UNIVERSITY, CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS

No. 5

March 1973

Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb and Stereocaulon groenlandicum

(Dahl) M. Lamb, Two More Hitherto Overlooked Lichen Species

I. MACKENZIE LAMB

No.

OCCASIONAL PAPERS OF THE

FARLOW HERBARIUM OF CRYPTOGAMIC BOTANY

. Sylvia A. Earle: Hummbrella, a New Red Alga of Uncertain

Taxonomic Position from the Juan Fernandez Islands (June
1969).

. I. Mackenzie Lamb: Stereocaulon arenarium (Sav.) M. Lamb,

a Hitherto Overlooked Boreal-Arctic Lichen (June 1972).

. Sylvia A. Earle and Joyce Redemsky Young: Siphonoclathrus,

a New Genus of Chlorophyta (Siphonales: Codiaceae) from
Panama (July 1972).

. I. Mackenzie Lamb, William A. Weber, H. Martin Jahns, Sieg-

fried Huneck: Calathaspis, a New Genus of the Lichen Family
Cladoniaceae (July 1972).

. I. Mackenzie Lamb: Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb and

Stereocaulon groenlandicum (Dahl) M. Lamb, Two More Hith-
erto Overlooked Lichen Species (March 1973).

STEREOCAULON STERILE (SAV.) M. LAMB
AND STEREOCAULON GROENLANDICUM (DAHL) M. LAMB,
TWO MORE HITHERTO OVERLOOKED LICHEN SPECIES

I. MACKENZIE LAMB
FaRLOW HERBARIUM, HARVARD UNIVERSITY
CAMBRIDGE, MASSACHUSETTS 02138

Summary

Stereocaulon sterile and Stereocaulon groenlandicum, originally described as a
form of St. evolutum and a variety of St. rivulorum respectively, are shown to be
distinct species. The former has an amphipacific distribution areal (mostly in
western North America), while the latter appears to be circumpolar boreal-arctic.
St. groenlandicum contains a combination of lichen substances unusual for the
genus (perlatolic, miriquidic and anziaic acids, in addition to atranorin).

Introduction

The following two Stereocaula were originally described as infra-
specific taxa, but detailed studies have shown them to be entitled to the
status of independent species. The first of them (St. sterile) was already
mentioned in a previous publication in this series (Lamb, May 1972).

Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb ex Krog, 1968, p. 89.

Syn. St. evolutum f. sterile Savicz, 1923, p. 165.

Lectotype material: U.S.S.R., Kamtchatka, Truby Volcano near
Sel’dévaya Bucht, coll. V. P. Savicz, 1908 (no. 2263), in Herb. Bot.
Inst. Acad. Sci. USSR, Leningrad (LE).

A saxicolous species of northern amphipacific distribution (Fig. 1),
belonging to subgen. Stereocaulon, sect. Stereocaulon, morphologically
resembling St. subcoralloides Nyl. and St. tennesseense H. Magn., and
in certain states also St. evolutum Graewe, but differing from the latter
in the shape and dimensions of the spores; containing atranorin and
lobaric acid.

Figs. 2-7 (habitus).

Forming pulvinate-caespitose, pale gray clumps 2-5 cm diam., 1-2 cm
high, firmly attached to rock or to detritus in rock-crevices; younger
clumps flattened, compact and dorsiventral, resembling St. evolutum
Graewe, older clumps with looser and more erect, intricated pseudo-
podetia. Pseudopodetia often + rigid and ligneous, sometimes as much
so as those of St. botryosum Ach. emend. Frey, 1.0-2.5 cm long, naked,

1

y STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM

decorticate, glabrous, terete or only slightly flattened, often blackening
and with root-like holdfasts at the base, (0.5-) 1.0-1.5 mm thick, irregu-
larly branched from near the base and upwards; numerous pseudopodetia

FIG. 1. Known distribution of Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb.

springing from a common, + wide holdfast area. In younger clumps of
dorsiventral habitus the pseudopodetia are well visible only on the
underside, the upper side being + covered by a concealing crust of
phyllocladia. Phyllocladia at first (in young clumps) digitate-squamu-

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM 3

FIG. 2. Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb. a: a specimen from U.S.A., Oregon
(Lamb no. 7750). b: a specimen from U.S.A., Oregon (Pike no. 1381). c: a more
compact specimen from U.S.A., Oregon (Lamb no. 7854). x 1.

4 STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM

lose, whitish, ca. 1 mm long and up to 0.5 mm broad, resembling those
of St. evolutum Graewe, the lobes not paler at the tips; later (in older
clumps) becoming + terete and coralloid, up to 1 mm long, 0.10-0.25

FIG. 3. Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb. A fertile specimen from U.S.A.,
California (Thiers no. 15248). * 4.

mm diam., closely branched, and resembling those of St. dactylophyllum
Fik. or St. tennesseense H. Magn., coarser than those of St. subcoral-
loides Nyl. No soredia. Cephalodia usually numerous and sometimes

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM 2

quite conspicuous, laterally sessile on pseudopodetia, pulvinate-sub-
globose, 1-2 mm diam., brownish gray, brown or dark brown, with
verruculose surface, resembling those of St. subcoralloides Nyl.; con-
taining Stigonema or more rarely Nostoc. Apothecia very rare, borne
on the ends of pseudopodetial branches, 1-3 mm diam., convex and

FIG. 4. Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb. Part of a specimen from U\S.A.,
Oregon (Lamb no. 7750). X 5.

immarginate, often variously lobed, furrowed or tuberculate, dark brown
to brown-blackish, finally sometimes divided into clusters of small.
convex-immarginate, secondary discs. Young apothecia sometimes with
a pale, non-prominent, pseudothalline margin, which soon becomes
reflexed and evanescent. Excipulum reduced and indistinct, 45-75 »
thick, sordid brownish in section, composed of indistinct, conglutinated,
gelatinized, + parallel, thick-walled hyphae + inspersed with sordid
dull yellowish granules, only the narrow, tubular-fistulose lumina visible.

6 STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM

Central cone up to 500 » deep, in younger apothecia colorless and clear,
but in upper part sometimes with included aggregations of dark sordid
yellowish granular substance; in older apothecia often isabelline-cloudy,
+ opaque, and contrasting with the more hyaline hypothecium; of com-
pact gelatinized structure with only the tubular lumina visible in the

FIG. 5. Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb. Specimen from U.S.A., Oregon
(Lamb no. 7794) showing squamulose development of phyllocladia, resembling
those of St. evolutum Graewe. X 5.

clear mucilaginous matrix. Hypothecium 30-70 » deep, colorless or in
thicker sections faintly isabelline, usually rather distinctly delimited
from the underlying central cone tissue. Hymenium 50-75 ,» high, brown
in upper part. Paraphyses simple or furcate, 1.3-1.5 thick, pigmented
and swollen to 4 » at the tips. Asci (35-) 40-60 » long. Spores 4-6 (-8)
in ascus, straight or slightly curved, cylindric-fusiform, 3-4-septate
(rarely 1- or 5-septate), 27-45 (-50) x 3.0-3.5 (-4.5) p. (No pycnidia
seen. )

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM 7

Reactions and chemistry: phyllocladia K + yellow, PD + pale yellow.’
Chromatographic tests were made on 3 specimens (from California and
Oregon) by Messrs. C. FOX and S. HUNECK, and indicated the pres-
ence of atranorin and lobaric acid. The technical procedures involved
are described by Huneck (1972, p. 1494).

St. sterile seems to be a fairly common species in the Pacific coastal
region of North America from Alaska southwards to California, and

oR” nh)
PPPs
: aN ey 2 : 3
E> rk 7 B03 Bact ES
Bina TNS ay fs a
ete Sy A

FIG. 6. Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb. Fertile pseudopodetium from a
specimen from U.S.A., Oregon (Pike no. 1381). x 3.

occurs also in Kamtchatka (Fig. 1). At present this appears to repre-
sent a very one-sided amphipacific distribution, but possibly the species
will eventually be found in more southerly areas of the Far East Asiatic
coastline, for example in Hokkaido and even northern Honshiu.

Our own field observations (in U.S.A., Oregon) show it character-
istically to form rather small, isolated, pulvinate-caespitose clumps of
compact growth firmly attached to rock (often serpentine) or to detritus

1K: a mixture of equal parts of 5 per cent potassium hydroxide (KOH) and 20
per cent potassium carbonate (K2CO3), both in aqueous solution. PD: para-
phenylenediamine (CgH;(NH»2)2), 5 per cent solution in 95 per cent alcohol,
freshly made up for each occasion.

8 STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM

in the rock crevices, more rarely extending over mosses, at altitudes of
80 to 1535 m.

Lamb (1970, p. 222) mentioned St. evolutum f. sterile Sav., pointing
out that on phytogeographical grounds the occurrence of St. evolutum in
Kamtchatka would be unlikely, as it belongs to the European N. Atlantic
oceanic element. At the time of writing the manuscript we had not yet
seen any authentic specimens of f. sterile.

J

? ‘F
K Hd
Py

FIG. 7. Stereocaulon sterile (Sav.) M. Lamb. a: pseudopodetia from a specimen

from U.S.A., Oregon (Lamb no. 7794) with partly squamulose-flattened phyllo-

cladia. b: part of a specimen from U.S.A., Oregon (Lamb no. 7750) on detritus
substratum, showing development from primary thallus. x 4.

Savicz, in his original description, cited 4 collections of f. sterile from
Kamtchatka, without designating a holotype: nos. 2263, 5829, 5882
collected in 1908, and 6325 collected in 1909. Three of these have been
seen by us in LE: 2263 (selected as lectotype), 5829 (identified by us
as St. subcoralloides Nyl.), and 6325 (a specimen of apparently abnor-
mal growth, heavily impregnated with fine volcanic dust, and possibly
either the present species or St. subcoralloides).

Savicz’s epithet is an apt one for this species, because it is most com-
monly sterile. Out of 32 collections seen to date, only 5 have apothecia.

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM 9

The only other Stereocaulon species encountered in the same geo-
graphical area, with which St. sterile might be confused, are St. sub-
coralloides Nyl. and St. intermedium (Sav.) H. Magn., both of which
differ in the constantly terete-coralloid (never flattened-squamulose )
phyllocladia. Even specimens of St. sterile not showing the latter type of
development can be distinguished from normal St. subcoralloides by the
larger size of the dactylaeform-coralloid phyllocladia, and from St.
intermedium by the smaller stature, darker cephalodia, and the very in-
frequent fertility, with smaller apothecia.

U.S.A., Alaska. South Central Alaska, Kenai Peninsula, Sew-
ard, altit. 30 m, H. Krog 1957 nos. 1904, 1924 (O), ster.; Portage
Glacier, altit. 30 m, H. Krog 1957 no. 1917 (O), ster.; Richardson
Highway, Mile 45, altit. 425-1060 m, H. Krog 1957 no. 1864 (O), ster.;
Anchorage area, Rabbit Creek, altit. 243-606 m, H. Krog 1957 no. 1270
(O), ster; Central Alaska, White Mts., Beaver Creek, E. of Sheep
Creek, altit. 272 m, H. Krog 1953 no. 293 (O), ster, South Eastern
Alaska, Ketchikan, Ward Lake, altit. 30 m, H. Krog 1957 nos. 6129,
6130, 6131 (O), ster; Western Alaska, Nunivak Island, Mekor-
yuk, H. Krog 1957 no. 2917 (O), ster. Washington. Clallam Co.,
Lake Crescent, Storm King Mountain, altit. 1000 m, A. H. Smith 1935
no. 2238 (FH), ster.; Storm King Mountain trail, on dry slope, L. H.
Pike 1969 no. 939 (ORE), ster.; Mt. Ellinor, altit. 1000 m, A. S. Foster
1912 no. 2095 (FH), ster.; Skagit Co., S. slopes of Mt. Eric, 8 miles
S. of Anacortes, in rock crevices, L. H. Pike 1969 no. 811 (ORB), ster.;
Spokane (or Stevens) Co., Spokane River, Bowl and Pitcher,
on basaltic talus slope, unknown collector 1907 s. n. (FH), ster. Oregon.
Clatsop Co., Saddle Mountain, lower slopes, altit. 600 m, on ag-
glomerate rocks forming an exposed bluff, I. M. Lamb 1957 no. 7744
(FH), ster.; near summit, altit. 1035 m, over moss on breccia block,
I. M. Lamb 1957 no. 7735 (FH), ster.; Tillamook Co., summit of
Mt. Hebo, altit. 1035 m, on steep exposed basaltic rocks, I. M. Lamb
1957 no. 7750 (FH), ster.2; Hood River Co., Columbia River
Valley, Mitchell Point above Bonneville Dam, altit. 83 m, on basalt
cliffs by roadside, I. M. Lamb 1957 no. 7794 (FH), ster.; Columbia
River, Cascade Locks, barren rock slide facing river, P. B. Lawrence
1933 s.n. (WELOC), ster; Lane Co., Eugene, Spencer Butte, F. Sipe
1954 no. 1299 (ORE), ster.; Curry Co., Siskiyou Mts., S. ridge of
Vulcan Peak, altit. 1535 m, on exposed metamorphic and serpentine
outcrops, I. M. Lamb 1957 nos. 7828, 7852, 7854, 7855 (FH), ster.;
Josephine Co., Store Gulch in Illinois Valley W. of Selma, altit.
382 m, on serpentine rock, L. H. Pike 1968 no. L-497 (ORE), ster.;

2 Atranorin and lobaric acid demonstrated by chromatography.

10 STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM

3 miles W. of Store Gulch, altit. 460 m, on serpentine rocks, L. H. Pike
1969 no. L-645 (ORE), partly fert., 1970 no. 1381 (ORE), partly fert.?
California. Del Norte Co., Smith River Road, E. of Gasquet, on
bare vertical rock cliff, L. H. Pike 1969 no. 1163 (ORE), ster.; Hum-
boldt Co., 16.8 miles N. of Willow Creek, R. Gankin 1966 s. n.
(DAV.), ster.; Contra Costa Co., Pieta, M. A. Howe 1896 no.
801 (NY), ster.; Mt. Diablo, M. A. Howe 1896 s. n. (NY), ster.; San
Mateo Co., San Francisco watershed, altit. 90 m, H. D. Thiers 1966
no. 15248 (SFSC), fert.2;SantaCruzCo., Bonny Doon, P. Gardner
and C. McMillan 1950s. n. (UC), fert.

Canada, British Columbia. Near Vancouver, F. Perry 1920 s. n.
(BM), sparingly fert.

U.S.S.R., Kamtchatka. Truby Volcano near Sel’dévaya River, on
rocks, V. P. Savicz 1908 no. 2263 (LECTOTYPUS) (LEB), ster.

Stereocaulon groenlandicum (Dahl) M. Lamb, n. comb.

Syn. St. rivulorum var. groenlandicum Dahl, 1950, p. 117, pl. U,
fig. 2.8 Holotype material: S. W. Greenland, Julianehaab Distr., Iga-
likofjord, Igdlerfigssalik, coll. E. Dahl, 1937 (s. n.), in Herb. Bot. Mus.
Oslo (O); isotypes in Herb. Bot. Mus. Copenhagen (C) and Herb.
Smithsonian Institution (US).

A saxicolous or terricolous species apparently of circumpolar boreal-
Arctic distribution, belonging to subgen. Stereocaulon, sect. Stereocaulon,
most closely resembling St. rivulorum H. Magn., but differing morpho-
logically in the firm, rigid and ligneous pseudopodetia like those of St.
botryosum Ach. emend. Frey, and chemically in the typical presence of
miriquidic acid, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid, and two unidentified sub-
stances (in St. rivulorum atranorin and lobaric acid are the typical con-
stituents ).

Fig. 8 (distribution) ; Figs. 9-11 (habitus).

Pseudopodetia erect or sometimes apparently + prostrate and en-
tangled, firmly attached to the substratum, rigid and woody (like those
of St. botryosum Ach. emend. Frey), (1.5-) 2-4 (-5) cm high, 0.5-1.5
(-2.0) mm thick, terete, sparingly to moderately branched (sometimes
mainly in upper parts, in a + corymbose pattern), whitish to sordid
bone-colored, matt, decorticate, smooth or sometimes longitudinally
striate, glabrous or with a distinct, thin, adpressed, felted, pale tomen-
tum; occasionally brown- or ferruginous-tinged at and near the base.
Phyllocladia lateral on pseudopodetia, scattered or crowded, usually

’ Direct basionym reference: Stereocaulon rivulorum var. groenlandicum Dahl in
Medd. om Gr¢gnland, 150, p. 117. 1950.

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM | 11

more abundant in upper parts, the lower parts being often + bare of
phyllocladia; distributed on all sides of pseudopodetia or sometimes
mainly on one side only (slight to marked dorsiventrality); whitish, at

\

FIG. 8. Known distribution of Stereocaulon groenlandicum (Dahl) M. Lamb.

first grain-like, soon becoming thickly crenate- or digitate-squamuliform,
occasionally lobed and branching, strongly resembling those of St.
rivulorum H. Magn.; 0.2-0.8 mm diam., or up to 1.5 mm if lobed and
branching. No soredia. Cephalodia not abundant and usually inconspicu-

12. STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM

ous, sometimes apparently absent, laterally sessile on pseudopodetia
among phyllocladia; rather variable in appearance; forming irregularly
subglobular masses 0.5-0.8 mm diam., occasionally aeruginose but more
often sordid yellowish or pale brownish and sometimes semipellucid, not
distinctly botryose; sometimes, when optimally developed, pale brown,
vaguely tuberculate with the component portions often with a single,
slightly depressed, darker spot (resembling those of St. rivulorum H.
Magn. ); containing Nostoc in the specimens examined. A pothecia fairly
frequent (present in 8 out of the 12 specimens seen to date), terminal,

FIG. 9. Stereocaulon groenlandicum (Dahl) M. Lamb. An isotype specimen from
Greenland, coll. E. Dahl, 1937, in Herb. Bot. Mus. Copenhagen. x 3.

mostly soon becoming convex and immarginate, dark brown to brown-
blackish, smooth, matt, finally large (3-6 mm diam.) and then under-
going cleavage to form compound masses of convex immarginate discs
each 0.8-1.5 mm diam. borne on corymbosely divided terminal branches.
Youngest stages (0.5-1.5 mm diam.) plane-scutelliform to slightly con-
vex with a thin to moderate, entire, slightly prominent, dark or paler
(pale brown) proper margin. Excipulum present only in young, + plane
apothecia, absent in more developed, convex-immarginate discs; devel-
oped at sides, indistinct to evanescent further down; 60-90 ,» thick,

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM © 13

pale red-brown pigmented in section, of conglutinate, palisadic-radiate
structure with only the tubular lumina visible. Central cone colorless,
hyaline, without air-spaces or inclusions, consisting of a clear gelatinous
matrix in which the interlacing, fistulose-tubular hyphal lumina, about
I » wide, are distinctly visible. Hypothecium (40-) 50-75 , deep, but
transitional without sharp limit into central cone tissue below; colorless
and clear to faintly isabelline-cloudy (depending on thickness of sec-
tions), composed of fine, densely intertexted hyphae. Hymenium 50-75 1
high, with asci 50-60 » long. Spores 4-8 in ascus, elongate-fusiform,
straight, 3-septate, (20-) 33-40 x 3-4 ». (No pycnidia found. )

Reactions and chemistry: phyllocladia K + yellow, PD + pale yellow.‘
Three specimens (1 from Greenland, 2 from Alaska) were studied
chromatographically by Dr. Chicita Culberson and found to contain
atranorin, miriquidic acid, lesser amounts of perlatolic acid and anziaic
acid, and 2 unidentified substances. Exactly similar chromatograms were
obtained by Dr. H. Krog for the type specimen from Greenland in the
Oslo Botanical Museum and for an Alaskan specimen collected by L. A.
Viereck. One specimen, from Spitsbergen, collected by the Turku Uni-
versity Expedition of 1966, was found by Dr. Culberson to contain
atranorin only; its habitus and morphology however are so typical of
St. groenlandicum that it seems safe to regard it as an acid-deficient phase
of the species. Miriquidic acid is a depside recently described by Huneck,
Schreiber, Snatzke and Fehlhaber (1971) from two Lecidea species.

Stereocaulon groenlandicum is known at present from W. and S.W.
Greenland, southern Alaska and Spitsbergen, and hence seems to have a
boreal-Arctic circumpolar distribution (Fig. 8). As mentioned above,
the specimen seen from Spitsbergen appears to represent a deficient
chemical phase of the species, which may be explainable by its much
more northerly location.

Not having ever seen this species in nature, we are unable to give any
firsthand information on its habitus, mode of growth, or ecology, but
from the available collectors’ notes it grows on rocks or on gravelly soil
from probably near sea level up to about 800 m s. m. (in Greenland)
and from 460 to 1500 ms. m. (in Alaska), and judging by the small
number of specimens collected, does not appear to be common.

Dahl, who first collected and described the taxon, referred it to St.
rivulorum H. Magn., at the same time pointing out that it is unlike that
Species in general appearance, and when occurring together with the
typical St. rivulorum could easily be distinguished from the latter. He
considered it probable that it ought to be regarded as a separate species.
The robust woody pseudopodetia resemble those of St. botryosum Ach.

4 See footnote on p. 7.

Cc

FIG. 10. Stereocaulon groenlandicum (Dahl) M. Lamb. a: a specimen from
US.A., Alaska (Viereck no. 5273). b: a specimen from U.S.A., Alaska (Krog
no. 1285) with copious development of large apothecia. c: a specimen of dorsi-
ventral habitus from U.S.A., Alaska (Krog no. 1279), upper and lower sides. X 1.

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM 15

emend. Frey or sturdy states of St. vesuvianum var. nodulosum (Wallr.)
M. Lamb (syn. St. denudatum Flk.), and the phyllocladia in the crenate-
squamuliform condition are like those of St. alpinum Laur., while those
developing further into a branching-lobate state are very similar to
those of St. rivulorum H. Magn. In spite of the resemblance of well
developed digitate-lobate phyllocladia to those of St. rivulorum, these
appear to be all derived from thallus-mantle phyllocladia of the alpinum-
type, whereas in St. rivulorum, when typically developed, some or most
of the phyllocladia are actually modified terminal pseudopodetial branch-
lets. The finally very large apothecia are of the same type as occur in St.

FIG. 11. Stereocaulon groenlandicum (Dahl) M. Lamb. Apex of a fertile pseudo-
podetium from a specimen from U.S.A., Alaska (Viereck no. 5273). X 4.

rivulorum. Morphologically, the closest affinity of St. groenlandicum is
obviously with St. rivulorum, but its chemical constituents (atranorin,
miriquidic acid, perlatolic acid, anziaic acid) are those characteristic of
St. capitellatum H. Magn. and St. farinaceum H. Magn., two rather rare
species occurring in Scandinavia, Central Europe, and Greenland; both
of these are sorediate, and do not appear to be closely related to St.
groenlandicum.

Greenland. South West Greenland, Julianehaab Distr., Igaliko-
fjord, Igdlerfigssalik, altit. 700-800 m, E. Dahl 1937 s. n. (HOLO-
TYPUS) (O), fert.5, (ISOTYPUS) (C), fert., (ISOTYPUS) (US), ster.;

5 Atranorin, miriquidic acid, perlatolic acid and anziaic acid demonstrated by
chromatography.

16 STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM

Sermilik, Tasiussaq, E. Dahl 1937 s. n. (C), ster.; Lichtenaufjord,
Qagdlimiut, E. Dahl 1937 s. n. (C), ster.; Igaliko, “tin montibus altis-
simis”, J. Vahl 1828 s. n. (C), fert.; West Greenland, Frederiks-
haab Distr., Ivigtut, Guldfjeldet, altit. 125 m, on rocks, M. Skytte
Christiansen 1946 no. 113 (C), ster.5, altit. 450 m, “on open, very ex-
posed, gravelly soil”, M. Skytte Christiansen 1946 no. 265 (C, O), ster.;
Godhavn Distr., Disko Island, Godhavn, J. Vahl n. d., s. n. (C), fert.

U.S.A., Alaska. South Central Alaska, Richardson Highway,
Mile 45, altit, 425-1060 m, H. Krog 1957 no. 1910 (QO), fert.5; Tal-
keetna Mts., Bald Mountain Ridge, altit. 1363 m, H. Krog. 1957 no.
1279 (O), fert., no. 1285 (O), fert.5; Alaska Range Distr., upper
valley of Swift Fork of Kuskokwim River, altit. 880 m, on rocks on dry
S.-facing rocky slope, L. A. Viereck 1961 no. 5273 (ALA, FH, O), fert.5

Svalbard. West Spitsbergen, Isfjorden, peninsula W. of Grgn-
fjorden, on rock, University of Turku Spitsbergen Exped. 1966, 1966
s.n. (TUR), fert.6

Acknowledgements

This contribution forms part of a monographic study of the genus
Stereocaulon supported by the National Science Foundation (Grant
nos. GB-4503, GA-119).

In addition to material in the Farlow Herbarium of Harvard Univer-
sity (FH), specimens were seen from the following herbaria, to the
directors of which the author wishes to make grateful acknowledgement:

University of Alaska, College, Alaska, U.S.A. (ALA).

British Museum (Natural History), London, England (BM).

Botanical Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark (C).

University of California at Davis, California, U.S.A. (DAV).

New York Botanical Garden, New York, U.S.A. (NY).

Botanical Museum, Oslo, Norway (QO).

University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, U.S.A. (ORE).

San Francisco State College, San Francisco, California, U.S.A.
(SFSC).

Botanical Museum, University of Turku, Turku, Finland (TUR).

Smithsonian Institution, U. S. National Museum, Washington, D.C.,
U.S.A. (US).

Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts, U.S.A. (WELC).

Thanks are also due to Dr. Chicita Culberson, Dr. Hildur Krog, Dr.
Cecil Fox and Dr. Siegfried Huneck for carrying out chromatographic
tests on selected samples, to Dr. Eric Hultén for supplying the circum-

® Atranorin only demonstrated by chromatography.

STEREOCAULON STERILE AND GROENLANDICUM _ 17

polar base maps used, and to Miss Elke Mackenzie for technical and
bibliographical assistance in the preparation of this paper.

References

DAHL, E. 1950. Studies on the macrolichen flora of Southwest Green-
land. Medd. on Gr@nland, 150 (2): 1-176.

HUNECK, S. 1972. Die Sekundarstoffe einiger Flechten. Phytochem-
istry, 11: 1493-1495.

HUNECK, S., K. SCHREIBER, G. SNATZKE and H.-W. FEHL-
HABER. 1971. Miriquidisiure, ein neues Depsid aus Lecidea lilien-
stroemii und Lecidea leucophaea. Zeitschr. f. Naturforsch. 26B: 1357-
1364.

KROG, H. 1968. The macrolichens of Alaska. Norsk Polarinstitutt
Skrifter, no. 144: 1-180.

LAMB, I. M. 1970. Observationes de genere Stereocaulon in Kamczatka.
Novosti Sistematiki Nizschich Rastenii (Novitates Systematicae Plan-
tarum non Vascularium), 1969 (1970), 6: 220-225. Leningrad.

1972. Stereocaulon arenarium (Sav.) M. Lamb, a hitherto
overlooked boreal-arctic lichen. Occas. Papers of the Farlow Herbarium
of Crypt. Bot., no. 2, May 1972: 1-11.

SAVICZ, V. P. 1923. Stereocaulacearum e Kamezatka descriptio. Bot.
Materialy, Notul. System. ex Inst. Cryptog. Hort. Bot. Petropol. 2 (11):
Ko Es we