CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 2 JULY 2001 =) a Ce Eric Hulten, 1962 JENNIE VAN AKKEREN DIETERLE CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM ANN ARBOR, MICHIGAN 2 JULY 2001 CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM ISSN 0091-1860 Copyright 2001 University of Michigan Herbarium All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America Volume 23 Editor: Christiane Anderson For information about the availability and prices of previous volumes of the Contributions, address the Director, University of Michigan Herbarium, North University Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057, U.S.A. 2 July 2001 CONTENTS Jennie Dieterle and the University of Michigan Herbarium, a felicitous partnership RoGers McVAUGH Jennie Van Akkeren Dieterle 1909-1999 CAROLINE DIETERLE Two new species of Heteropterys (Malpighiaceae) from southeastern Brazil ANDRE M. AMORIM The identity of two water-dispersed species of Heteropterys (Malpighiaceae): H. leona and H. platyptera HRISTIANE ANDERSON Peixotoa floribunda (Malpighiaceae), a new species from Paraguay CHRISTIANE ANDERSON Observations on the Malagasy genus Rhynchophora (Malpighiaceae) WILLIAM R. ANDERSON Jacquin’s species of Bunchosia (Malpighiaceae) from Cartagena, Colombia WILLIAM R. ANDERSON Notes on neotropical Malpighiaceae—VIII WILLIAM R. ANDERSON Monograph of Lophopterys (Malpighiaceae) WILLIAM R. ANDERSON AND CHARLES C. Davis Miscellaneous notes on Sphagnum—11 HowarpD CRUM Catalog of Acanthaceae in El Salvador THOMAS F, DANIEL Streblacanthus monospermus (Acanthaceae), a genus and species new to the flora of Mexico THOMAS F. DANIEL Checklist of lichens and allied fungi of Michigan ALAN M. FryDAyY, JOHN B. Farr, Moises S. GOOGE, ANDREW J. JOHNSON, ELIZABETH A. BUNTING, AND L. ALAN PRATHER Talipariti (Malvaceae), a segregate from Hibiscus PauL A. FRYXELL The botanical activities and correspondence of Robert Peter, M.D. (1805-1894) RuTH BURGAR ALFORD MACFARLANE Additions to the Carex lurida group (Cyperaceae) in Mexico, including a new species from Chiapas A. A. REZNICEK AND M. S. GONZALEZ-ELIZONDO Carex section Porocystis (Cyperaceae) in Mexico and Central America A. A. REZNICEK AND M. S. GONZALEZ-ELIZONDO A purple form of Pitcher’s Thistle EDWARD G. Voss Correct attribution of the name Sceptridium subbifoliatum (Ophioglossaceae) LORENCE S. WAGNER Synopsis of Croton and Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in western tropical Mexico GRADY L. WEBSTER New records of benthic marine algae from the Sultanate of Oman, northern Arabian Sea. HI. ICHAEL J. WYNNE The tribes of the Delesseriaceae (Ceramiales, Rhodophyta) MICHAEL J. WYNNE Zl 29 407 Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 1-19. 2001. JENNIE DIETERLE AND THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM, A FELICITOUS PARTNERSHIP Rogers McVaugh Department of Biology University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3280 Jennie Van Akkeren Dieterle died on July 7, 1999, less than a month before her 90th birthday. Her lifelong interest in plants included a professional botanical career that spanned more than a quarter of a century, until after she was partly incapacitated by a stroke in 1973. Of Dutch ancestry, she was born in Dunkirk, N.Y., on August 2, 1909, and lived in Ann Arbor after 1921, when her father was first employed as a gardener at the University of Michigan Botanical Garden. She was educated in the Ann Arbor schools and the University of Michigan, from which latter she received a B.S. in Botany (1931) and an M.A. in Botany (1935). She married David H. Drummond August 11, 1928, and was divorced January 31, 1935, after which she married Robert R. Dieterle in 1937. She worked as an under- graduate assistant in the Department of Botany (1928-1931), and as an assistant in the University of Michigan Herbarium (1931-1935). During the summer of 1929 she travelled with her then husband to the Rocky Mountains in Colorado and Wyoming, where she did not neglect her botany. On August 7th she wrote to Mrs. Frieda Cobb Blanchard, inclosing a short list of plants that “we dug” (evidently with the University of Michigan garden in mind) in the vicinity of the University of Wyoming’s summer camp in the Medicine Bow Mountains. After 1937, for the next two decades, she was involved heavily in family responsibilities, until after 1950 she found more time to devote to botany. During the summers, from 1953 to 1957 she collected herbarium specimens industriously in Grand Traverse County, Michigan (about 1000 numbers in all), and visited the University Herbarium for help with their identification and labeling, especially after the Michigan Flora Project was launched in 1956. In June 1957 she returned to work again at the Herbarium, this time in a professional capacity. Always an enthusiastic gardener and a lover of plants in general, Jennie found a congenial outlet in the University community in Ann Arbor, where there was a long tradition of interest in things botanical. Her own botanical work eventually became so closely tied to the developing herbarium of the University of Michigan that one cannot evaluate her career, nor her contribution to science, without at the same time following the progress made at the Herbarium, especially in the critical period that followed the end of World War II. The collaboration proved to be mutually beneficial. Her contribution to the Herbarium, through her loyalty, her administrative abilities, her broad knowledge of plants, and her attention to detail, did much to clear the way for institutional progress. At the same time the Herbarium provided the support, and the access to professional plant systematics, that she needed to expedite her entry into the field and her recognition as an established systematist. 2 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 The Michigan herbarium, although it contained many specimens dating back to 1837 (the year in which Michigan became a State), began its modern existence in 1912, when Calvin Henry Kauffman was named Curator of the Cryptogamic Herbarium, and Henry Allan Gleason Curator of the Phanerogamic Herbarium. Both were members of the Botany Department, which housed the herbarium. In 1915 the Department moved to the newly erected Natural Science Building, where each of the two herbaria occupied one room. In 1916 or 1917 John Henry Ehlers succeeded Gleason. In 1921 the several plant-collections, including a large series held by the Museum of Zoology, were united into the Herbarium of the Universi- ty of Michigan, with a budget separate from that of the Department of Botany, with Kauffman as Director and Curator of Cryptogams, and Ehlers continuing as Curator of Phanerogams. In 1928 the herbarium was moved to the newly opened University Museums Building, where it was housed in solidly built and handsome birch-wood cabinets (which alas were not insect-proof). It occupied a part of one wing of the fourth floor of the building. All the divisions of the united herbarium grew steadily larger during the first part of the 20th century, but at first without much direction. After 1915 the Her- barium (and especially the collections of vascular plants) began to receive quanti- ties of specimens from Harley Harris Bartlett, who joined the staff of the Botany Department in 1915, became a full-ttme member of the department (but not a member of the Herbarium staff) in 1916, was promoted to Professor in 1921, became Director of the University Botanical Garden in 1919, and Chairman of the Botany Department in 1923. Because Jennie’s family lived on the grounds of the Botanical Garden where her father worked, she became acquainted with Pro- fessor Bartlett while she was still a child, and became one of his unofficial “nieces” who called him “Uncle Harley” (as I did in later years, but of course not in the university setting). Ehlers reported to Kauffman in 1921 that the “Phanerogamic” collection had been increased considerably by the gift of Bartlett’s personal herbarium: “Of the recent accessions that of H. H. Bartlett is by far the most valuable not only in the number of specimens, but in the quality and worth of the specimens themselves. Some of them are rare and hard to duplicate. It is here suggested that some recognition of this gift be made by the Board of Regents.” Continued collecting activity, and resultant accessions of botanical specimens, crowded the Herbarium’s quarters beyond capacity. In the years that followed, the problem intensified. The number of unprocessed specimens on hand contin- ued to outgrow the available space, and by the time of the onset of World War II the need for such space, and the need for the labor to handle the specimens, had become critical. After 1928, under Kauffman’s influence, the activities of the Herbarium as a whole began to be oriented toward mycology (fungi were then routinely treated as plants), and toward the study of other non-vascular plants. The first three directors, Kauffman (served 1921-1930), Edwin B. Mains (acting Director, 1930; Director 1931-1959), and Alexander H. Smith (Director 1959-1972) were mycolo- gists of note. The principal staff of the Herbarium until 1926, as listed on the letterhead, consisted of Kauffman and Ehlers. There were four “assistants” whose duties included mounting, labelling, and cataloguing specimens. In 1927 Bessie B. Kanouse (a mycologist) was listed as Curator of Cryptogamic Collections. The next year she received the added title of Assistant to the Director. 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 3) In his 1930-31 report to President Alexander Ruthven, Dr. Mains noted that the entire [Bruce] Fink lichen collection had been renovated by Miss Joyce Hedrick and Mrs. Jennie Drummond. On June 15, 1932, Mains was notified that the Her- barium budget included an item for 12 months’ support of Jennie V. Drummond, as Recording Assistant. This appointment was reduced to three-fourths time in 1934-35 and 1935-36. In his 1932-33 report, Mains noted that “The moss herbarium has been accessioned by Mrs. Drummond and all the identified specimens have been entered and distributed.” It was evidently in her capacity as Recording Assistant that she signed, as Jennie V. A. Drummond, reports on the University Herbarium Library, as of June 1, 1933, June 1, 1934, and June 1, 1935. In his 1933-34 report Mains described in detail the very important gift of the “mounted collection of approximately 35,000 specimens” comprising the herbarium of Parke, Davis & Co. He concluded: “Due to the fact that the Herbarium has been stored at the factory it was necessary to clean the mounted material before it could be included in the University collections. This has been nearly accomplished by help from the C.W.A. and F.E.R.A. projects. Mrs. Drummond and Mrs. Steidt- man have made a card file of all the mounted specimens and have arranged these by collector and region.” With respect to the bryophyte collection, in her report to Mains, 1933-34, Bessie Kanouse had said, “The duplicate moss collection which was a very con- fused assortment of good material, was entirely reworked by Jennie V. A. Drum- mond into an orderly unit. All the specimens were packeted ready for distribution with proper labels and arranged by localities so that they are at once accessible. A careful check was made against the herbarium to make sure that no collection was omitted from our herbarium. There are 1300 packets ready to be used in ex- change.” Between 1935 (the year of Jennie’s divorce) and 1957, she disappears from the Herbarium records. During this time she accepted a position as a secretary at the University of Michigan Psychopathic Hospital, where she met one of the attending physicians, Robert R. Dieterle, whom she married in 1937. She became the mother of two children, and for almost 15 years her botanical activities were confined to gardens, a home greenhouse, and informal botanizing in the woods and fields of the farm outside Ann Arbor where they lived. By 1936 the Herbarium staff had reached approximately the composition it maintained for another decade. The total budget for 1936-37 included $7276 in salaries and $2247 for current expenses and equipment. (Professor Mains received no salary from the Herbarium.) The staff in addition to Mains included Bessie B. Kanouse (Assistant to Director and Curator), A. H. Smith and C. L. Lundell (Assistant Curators), Amelia A. Lundell (Recording Assistant), Joyce H[edrick] Jones (Research Assistant), and W. C. Steere (Research Associate [without sala- ry]. In the year 1941-42, for the first time, a fulltime “Technical Assistant” (i.e., a plant mounter), Mrs. Florence W. Schultz, was added to the Herbarium budget. It must have been during this time that Mrs. Lundell (Amelia A.) began making the thousands of beautifully hand-written labels that appear on so many of the collections made by the Lundells and others, and which have elicited many questions about how it was possible to produce such uniformity and clarity in such profusion. The curator’s report on May 1, 1938 shows that “Mrs. Lundell, on part time employment, supervised the WPA and NYA work, wrote and entered 7000 genus covers, distributed 10183 specimens in the herbarium, labeled approximately 4 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 9000 specimens, completed boxing and labeling of the fruit collection, and han- dled incidental typing” [presumably in her spare time!]. The need for more space in the herbarium (for proper handling and shelf- space for specimens), was an ever-present and always increasing problem, which the curators, through Dr. Mains as director, repeatedly brought to the attention of the University administration. In the Museums Building all the existing space had been utilized almost from the beginning. In her 1936-37 report, Kanouse wrote that after some planned rearrangements, they had space “to accommodate nearly all the collections within cases.” With such active (and interactive) persons as A. H. Smith, C. L. Lundell, and W. C. Steere on the staff, growth was especially rapid in the collections of fungi, vascular plants, and bryophytes. In the 1937-38 report Steere wrote, “At the end of this year we find ourselves in the perennial plight of having all space filled and many boxes of specimens yet to be distributed into the Herbarium. It is hoped, consequently, that some more case room may be avail- able at the beginning of the next year,” and Lundell reported as of May 1, 1938, that “Approximately 20,000 mounted specimens are on hand in the unorganized collection. Serious shortage of cases prevents distribution of this material, mostly valuable Tropical American collections. A start was made toward sealing in boxes the large unmounted, unorganized collection so that it can be stored without danger of insect destruction. An estimated 80000 unmounted specimens are on hand, about two thirds of which are Far Eastern.” The following year Lundell reported increasing difficulties, concluding “The continued accumulation of collections, without facilities for handling them, is reach- ing a critical point.” After my first year at Michigan I reported to Director Mains as follows, on July 28, 1947: “It is still possible to make some additions [to the herbarium], but I estimate that to accommodate the undistributed material now on hand, and to allow some space for rearrangement and additions, not less than 75 additional steel cases are needed urgently and at once.” In his report for 1948-49, Mains said, “The acquisition of 40 herbarium cases has made possible distribution of some of the stored material into the classified collections, ... the total number available for consultation being 414,137.” As of June 30, 1949, I reported to Mains, that in spite of the 30 new cases allotted to the phanerogamic collection, I still estimated that at least 75 new cases were needed to accommodate material already on hand, and the 10,000 to 12,000 specimens that were being mounted annually. In the next few years some effort was made to solve this problem. In my report to the Director for 1950-51, I commented: “It will be noted that we are gradually reducing the amount of material which has been stored since the days of Dr. Ehlers without any system of recording. Such material is essentially lost when the person who received it dies or leaves the University, and we have been mak- ing an effort to examine all this stored material and record it properly, subse- quently filing it with the rest of the unmounted accessions. During the past year approximately 2500 specimens were taken from the ‘lost’ category and recorded, and it is hoped that the work can be completed this coming year.” A similarly optimistic comment appeared in my report the following year: “We are still reducing the amount of material which has been stored without record. This year a total of 2900 specimens, or about one-fifth of all the acces- sions, came from this source. We are still hopeful of completing this work, but some specimens remain in the ‘lost’ category.” 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 5) It transpired that all such optimistic estimates had been made without consid- ering the relatively enormous amount of material that had been amassed by Har- ley Harris Bartlett, most of which had never been turned over to the Herbarium, but remained in Bartlett’s custody in various stages of preparation. Although Bartlett was never a member of the Herbarium staff, he felt keenly the need of supporting it as the principal repository at the University. He and Director Mains were very different in their attitudes toward the collections. As best I can express it, Mains felt it a primary responsibility to protect the specimens already in his care, and make them available to all qualified students. Adding to the existing collections was a secondary consideration. It was clear to Bartlett, on the other hand, that more and more collections, from as many different parts of the world as possible, were urgently needed in herbaria to provide students (at all levels) with adequate samples. His philosophy seems to have been a simple one—go ahead and acquire the specimens, by per- suasion, personal activity in the field, or purchase and exchange, and then put enough pressure on the University administration to convince them of the need for more space. He himself was an indefatigable collector, whose numerous speci- mens, as well as those of other collectors whom he encouraged or supported via the Botany Department or the Botanical Gardens, were donated to the Herbarium, and contributed not only to the size of the collection as a whole, but markedly to its quality. Many were from the Old World, e.g., as reported by the curator in June 1931, 681 collections from Indo China, gathered by J. & M. S. Clemens, and 1200 specimens from “Punjab, India” as a gift from the Botanical Garden. At the same time, however, the curator noted the receipt of two series from Mexico (“Pringle collection thru Bot. Garden, 619”; and “Pringle Collection thru Mr Bartlett, 676”). Appended to this report of June 1, 1931, was a note, “Three boxes of Professor Bartlett’s plants have been received and twenty more are expected daily.” In his report for 1934-35, Mains wrote: “During the past year 6,820 Asiatic specimens have been received largely due to the interest of Professor Bartlett in the botany of the Far East. It is estimated that with those received in previous years, the Herbarium now has an accumulation of 12,000 Asiatic specimens and 6,000 duplicates. Most of these have not been mounted and have been stored in bundles.... It is obvious that the present facilities of the Herbarium are not suffi- cient to make the accumulated Asiatic material available for consultation in the near future. If studies of the botany of the Far East are to be continued, provi- sions should be made for increased facilities involving additional floor space, herbarium cases, assistance and increased funds for supplies.” It was inevitable that long before I came to the Herbarium in 1946 as Curator of Phanerogams (later Vascular Plants), Bartlett’s collections had far outstripped the ability of the Herbarium to care for them properly, or even to accept them as gifts. His collections continued to grow. He worked on them himself as his time permitted, in his offices at the Department of Botany or at the Botanical Garden. He found friends, students, and others who worked by the hour, assisting him with the preparation of labels, sorting, packaging, shipping, and storing. As the collections continued to expand, he found additional quarters in other University buildings, which he eventually filled to capacity. It was his intention to process one complete set of the specimens for the University Herbarium, and segregate the duplicates (often many sets), after labelling, for future exchange. Only his advancing age, ill health, and eventual death stood in the way of this. He retired 6 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 officially in 1956 and began to talk with Mains, and with me and others, about the eventual disposition of his collections. It was not long before some action was taken. he following is from my report to the Director of the Herbarium, for 1956— 57: “In 1956 the Regents approved a grant of $20,000 to organize and study the collection of approximately150,000 Asiatic plant-specimens which had been accu- mulated over a period of some 30 years [sic] by the University Botanical Gardens, and personally by Professor H. H. Bartlett. The collections had been (and are) housed in ten rooms in the Special Projects Building [a building in the University Hospital area, formerly used as a maternity hospital - RMcV], where they occupy approximately 2000 square feet of space. It was thought that the unique value of many of these collections and the careless manner in which they had been stored, made it necessary for the University to take prompt action to safeguard them from dust, fire, insect damage, and breakage. The work of organization was put in charge of a faculty committee of which I was named chairman.” The committee at once took steps to implement this decision. Su-Ying Liu, a former doctoral student of Bartlett’s, began work on a full-time basis on Septem- ber 1, 1956, and she was joined on April 15, 1957, by Annetta Carter, who took leave from her position at the University of California (Berkeley) in order to help us. Miss Carter was at that time, without any doubt, the most knowledgeable and able person in the country, if not in the world, with respect to herbarium practices, and it was she who planned, supervised, and took part in the initial steps that eventually brought the University of Michigan Herbarium from a rather large but disorganized and unfocused collection to the renowned and superbly managed herbarium that it is today. In all she spent 13 months in Ann Arbor (April 15- October 15, 1957, and July 1, 1958, through January, 1959). Jennie Dieterle returned to the Herbarium staff in June, 1957, officially as a Technical Assistant, in practical terms as a plant mounter. Since 1953 she had been making summer collections of the flora of Grand Traverse County (an activ- ity she preferred over fishing while the family vacationed), and reacquainting herself with the Herbarium, its progress and its personnel. As the result of her efforts, 790 new specimens from Michigan were added to the University Herbarium between 1953 and 1957, and more than a thousand duplicate or superfluous speci- mens from the same area were sent in exchange, including 627 to the Swedish Museum of Natural History (S), and 395 to the Carnegie Museum, Pittsburgh (CM). From October to June (1956-57), as noted in a report by E. G. Voss, Jennie worked as a volunteer one afternoon each week, identifying specimens from re- cent collections in Michigan, typing and pasting labels, and helping generally with the Michigan Flora Project. The following year she continued in the same posi- tion, mounting or repairing a total of 2757 specimens from Michigan, and spent a total of 54 days helping Annetta Carter with the “Asiatic Plant Project” on mat- ters not directly related to mounting specimens. During and after Carter’s second visit (1958-1959), Jennie took an increasingly large part of the responsibility for the final labelling and sorting of the Asiatic specimens, the selection of the princi- pal set for the Michigan herbarium, and the segregation, packing, shipping, and recording of the many duplicate sets. The Curator’s report for 1958-1959 enumer- ates her major assignments: 1. The boxing (as a protection against insect damage) of about 40,000 newly accessioned specimens, and about 150 cartons of unstudied specimens. 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE Jennie Dieterle in a herbarium setting, perhaps before 1960, when she was working with Annetta Carter. 2. Preparation for study of certain large collections from Iran and South America, including transferring the notes from the collectors’ field records and preparing formal labels for distribution, and the segregation of dupli- cates. 3. Preparation, packing, and shipping, as a long-term loan to Cornell Univer- sity, an entire truck-load (about 150 cartons) of Mr. Bartlett’s unidenti- fied palm-specimens, mainly from the Far East. 4. Segregation, labelling, and arrangement of the approximately 90 cartons (or an estimated 15,000 numbered wood-specimens) that had been col- lected in connection with Prof. Bartlett’s identifiable herbarium material, but more recently had been found in storage, in confusion with unrelated materials. 5. Final handling of the remainder of large collections. Studying and evaluat- ing of all small bundles, packages, and remnants found among the Reli- quiae Bartlettianae, and discarding what seemed to be valueless. Thus Jennie Dieterle, already experienced in herbarium ways, and a veteran plant-mounter, was forced by circumstances to learn every detail of the operation and maintenance of a large herbarium. This began during her association with Annetta Carter in the Asiatic Plant Project, and the subsequent extensive packin and general housekeeping in preparation for an anticipated move of the Herbari- um to new quarters, and continued as her responsibilities grew during the period of unpacking and relocating after the move in 1960. The move came about more or less as follows: 8 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Fortuitously, at about the time of Bartlett’s official retirement in 1956. the University found it necessary to move its general stores and stockroom. and its machine shop and carpenter shop, into much expanded quarters, and to vacate the very substantial brick building (later named North University Building), across the street from the Museums Building that at that time housed the principal University Herbarium. In mid-1958, Associate Dean of the College Burton D. Thuma expressed a wish to see the quarters in which the various herbarium holdings were currently housed. The then Chairman of Botany Kenneth L. Jones, Dean Thuma, and I visited the nearby Museums Annex (adjacent to North Hall, the present ROTC building), the Herbarium proper (in the Museums Building), the recently acquired Cope- land Fern Herbarium of some 25,000 specimens (in the Natural Science Building), and the Special Projects Research Building (the former maternity hospital in which most of Mr. Bartlett’s accumulations had been stored, and where Annetta Carter and Jennie Dieterle had done most of the work of renovation, in what they called “The Wards”). Dean Thuma then suggested that the Herbarium would fit nicely, with room to spare, into the soon-to-be-vacated carpenter shop, which could easily be turned into a cavernous room with many windows and no partitions. At his instigation a meeting to discuss herbarium needs was attended by Dean Thuma, Mr. John McKevitt (representing Vice President Pierpont), Mr. Robert Aitken (represent- ing the University architect), and members of the staff of the Herbarium. With support from Mr. McKevitt and the University architects, plans were drawn up, and a request for an appropriation of $135,000 was submitted to the Regents at the meeting in June, 1959. Preliminary layout for the new space was approved on July 13, bids for construction were opened on October 20, and the work was completed in time to permit us to move all the herbarium materials into the new space before midyear, 1960, After the move we were faced with the problem of rearranging great moun- tains of cartons packed with herbarium specimens and relocating them efficiently with an eye to future expansion. With the aid of a grant from the National Science Foundation, we were able to hire three new plant-mounters for a period of five years and to purchase 400 new steel herbarium cases (of which 265 were assigned to the collection of vascular plants). We were also able to use part of the funds to persuade Dr. Ralph R. Stewart, an authority on the plants of West Pakistan and the northwestern Himalaya generally, to relocate in Ann Arbor after his retire- ment from Gordon College in Rawalpindi, and work on the organization, final labeling, and identification of the Koelz-Rup Chand collections from Persia and India. In 1959 we estimated that these collections included between 15,000 and 20,000 numbers. All were still stored in sealed boxes in the original newspapers, labelled after a fashion but unidentified. These activities placed additional responsibilities on Jennie, who responded splendidly. She took a major part in the relocation of the mounted and unmounted collections in the newly available space. She took over the training and incorpora- tion of the new mounters without a hitch, and by the time Dr. Stewart arrived (in October) she had a better knowledge than anyone else of what was in the herbarium and how to find it. For example, she wrote to Annetta Carter on November 8, 1960: “Our regular collections have been out where they can be found and used (with the help of a guide list), so we have been sending loans as usual. When the new cases arrive and we can spread out, it will be possible to distribute the mounted accessions that have had to wait for space to be filed. There are about 40 cartons 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 9 of these...the reason we needed a new guide to find things is that, for the sake of a better appearance, all cases were arranged after the moving according to type (we have about six), rather than according to contents. All the families were scrambled unpredictably in the rows of cases, until we have the great shift into the new pigeonholes.” The Curator’s report for 1959-60 noted without fanfare that Jennie had been a valuable assistant, that because of her capability she was assigned various projects in addition to the routine work of mounting, and that she was recommended for promotion to Herbarium Botanist, a position that she assumed on July 1 and held until 1972, when she was promoted to Assistant Curator. The Curator’s report for 1960-61 was enthusiastic: “The addition of Mrs. Dieterle to the staff has made it possible for us greatly to improve the efficiency of our preparation (mounting) of specimens and in the handling of new accessions, loans, and exchanges. [She] has assumed complete charge of the plant-mounters with a minimum of friction. . . [She] has also [assumed] most of the supervision of the details of accessioning , and the handling of loans and exchanges. My responsibilities in these areas have become chiefly advisory. She is a most valuable addition to the staff, not only because of the work of which she relieves the Curator, but also because of her interest in the problems of the Herbarium as a whole and the thought she gives to them.” As an example of this last, the Curator cited Jennie’s first-published botanical paper (Rhodora 62: 322. 1960). One of the problems in mounting plant-specimens with glue is to ensure equal pressure on all points of the specimen while the glue is drying. She devised and had made for the herbarium a number of flat cloth bags the length and width of a conventional herbarium sheet, and filled with fine sand to a uniform thickness of about 4 cm. When spread out over a newly glued speci- men, the bag adapts to inequalities in thickness and provides the uniform pressure that is needed. Her original bags are still in daily use at the Herbarium. During the same period (1960), Jennie’s botanical activities extended outside the Herbarium as well, in that she was a founding member and one of the first officers (Treasurer) of the Huron Valley Chapter of the Michigan Botanical Club. The grant that had enabled us to use Dr. Stewart’s help with the Asiatic collection also included funds for the support of experts on the floras of other parts of the world. Dr. Eric Hultén, then recently retired as Director of the Botan- ical Department of the Swedish National Museum, came in February, 1962, and spent a little more than two months in the Herbarium, identifying our previously unstudied Arctic collections, especially those from Alaska, where one of his prin- cipal research interests lay. Hultén’s presence in Ann Arbor laid some additional (but reasonably welcome) burdens on Jennie, who not only served as his guide to the collections in the Herbarium, but also as a part-time hostess. Eric was extremely charismatic. He struck up a strong friendship with Robert Dieterle, Jennie’s husband, and as a result became a frequent guest at the Dieterle home. He continued to correspond with the family after his return to Sweden, and with Jennie after Robert’s death in 1969. Jennie was also involved with our other visiting expert of the time, Dr. Jerzy Rzedowski, then of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional of Mexico, who came to the Herbarium about April 15, 1962, and worked two months with me on the organi- zation and identification of our large accumulation of Mexican and Central Amer- ican plants. It may well have been the friendship built up by this association with Rzedowski that induced her to accompany him on a long field trip in Mexico the next year. 10 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Jennie Dieterle on a field excursion at the University of Michigan Biological Station at Douglas Lake, probably in 1962. During these years she had developed a strong interest in the Mexican flora, no doubt partly because of strong involvement on the part of the Herbarium staff, which from about 1930 on had resulted in large accessions from that country, and increasingly large accumulations of unidentified specimens. As noted above, Jen- nie was always a lover of plants and of growing plants in the garden, and as the managerial problems in the herbarium lessened with the years, she became more involved in plant-identification in general, and attracted to the formal approaches to systematics in which she saw her fellow curators immersed day after day. After consultation with some other botanists, and some searching of the literature to locate a group of plants that was interesting and was also in need of taxonomic study, she decided rather arbitrarily that she would become an expert on the Cucurbitaceae, the gourd family. Approaching the age of 50, she undertook to master the technicalities of a large and diverse group of plants that many botanists avoided because of the presumed difficulties in the way. Many common cultivated plants belong to this family, including melons, cucumbers, squashes, pumpkins, luffas, and gourds. The relationships between the many cultivars and the wild species from which they have presumably been derived are complicated and often very obscure. The plants 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 11 Z en ce Jennie Dieterle in Leiden, 1958, with her friends Ding Hou (left) and Su Ying Liu (right). [Photo by courtesy of the Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation]. are difficult to study from dried specimens because they are mostly climbing or trailing vines that tend to wilt inordinately before they can be pressed. The flow- ers are unisexual, the two sexes often on different plants. Many of the diagnostic features are in the staminate flowers, which have a very complicated structure. The stamens are often very small and concealed within the tubular corolla. Other diagnostic characters are in the fruits, which are very diverse, and are often not present on specimens with fresh flowers. The fruits may be fleshy and juicy or dry and woody, dehiscent or indehiscent, often very large. Undeterred, Jennie set out to become an expert on the Cucurbitaceae of Mexico. She corresponded with the current specialists in the family. She sought out and photocopied most of the pertinent literature when she could not obtain the originals. Working with fresh and dried specimens, she made herself familiar with the almost unbelievable complexities of the flowers. She undertook to identify the (mostly unnamed) specimens of cucurbits from Mexico that were piling up in the Michigan herbarium. In the course of her study, she undertook a trip to work in European herbaria. She wrote to Annetta Carter on March 24, 1958, anticipating the latter’s second visit to Ann Arbor and her own upcoming trip: “My plane for Europe is sched- uled to leave Idlewild for Amsterdam June 21, and will return from London August 30, making my absence about ten weeks lon She ultimately visited the major herbaria in eden (L), Utrecht (U), Paris (P), Munich (M), Geneva (G), and the London area (BM, K She later made four prolonged collecting trips to Mexico, always with empha- sis on collecting Cucurbitaceae and, except for her 1963 trip, especially for plants of that family. Annetta Carter had attended the Second Mexican Botanical Congress, held in San Luis Potosi in September, 1963, and wrote to Jennie on the 29th of that month, enthusiastic about the lush vegetation as seen from the air all across 2 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Mexico. Jennie responded on Friday, October 11, ready to leave and eager to go. She was preparing to accompany Jerzy Rzedowski, who was one of the best- known field botanists in Mexico, and Charles Feddema, a graduate student at Michigan, who had collected in Mexico on three previous trips, and who would drive a University of Michigan carryall that could hold all three botanists and their luggage and specimens. “Charles Feddema left with the truck today. He has all my gear aboard. I’m taking the plane Sunday morning, will stop until Tuesday afternoon in Arkansas.. .will arrive in Mexico on the flight from New Orleans, about 9:45 p.m.” She had reserved a room at Casa Gonzalez, the pensién in downtown Mexico City where Michigan botanists had stayed for many years, and expected Feddema to join her there on October 17. Her letter continued: “Not knowing first-hand what to expect, preparing for both heat and the cold of the return trip in December, and being generally green about field trips anyway, it was a real task to choose my clothes and equipment, but I feel fairly confident now that I made a good selection for the space I had to put it in. (We'll see.)” The trip overall was a success. The three botanists collected independently, each keeping an individual numbered series. Jennie’s numbered series included nos. 3000-3251, including many new records for the proposed Flora Novo-Galiciana. Under Rzedowski’s expert guidance, they travelled widely in Jalisco, Nayarit, and adjoining territory, finding collecting good wherever they went, and reaching some rather remote areas into which collectors had not penetrated. She remembered being told of President Kennedy’s death when her group returned to a town and her incredulity at the news. With Feddema, she returned to Ann Arbor in Decem- ber. For the summary details of this and her other trips to Mexico, abstracted from her fieldbooks, I am indebted to Richard K. Rabeler, Collections Manager at MICH. Her collections in 1963 are summarized below by date and serial-num- ber, and a general locality, i.e., the name of the state (estado) in Mexico: Jalisco: 3000-3070 22 October—1 November Zacatecas: 3071-3072 | November Jalisco: 3073-3080 2 November Zacatecas: 3081 3 November Jalisco: 3082-3087 4 November Jalisco: 3088-3123 11-15 November Nayarit: 3124-3146 17-19 November Michoacan: 3147-3181 23-25 November Guerrero: 3182-3251 30 November—5 December Having gained some confidence and field-experience, Jennie made three more collecting trips to Mexico, with some Herbarium support but using private funds as well. On August 13, 1969, she wrote to Annetta Carter: “The main reason for going is collection of Cucurbitaceae. anywhere, but especially in Nueva Galicia. Launching an expedition just now is a difficult mat- ter, travel money being tight, and companions hard to pry loose from previous commitments. However, since I am deeply interested in the family, and want to accomplish as much as possible while I still feel vigorous, I have decided to 20 anyway, and finance the trip privately. Rog and Alex are completely sympathetic, helping me wherever they can...and Dr. Rzedowski has arranged to loan me a man [F. Ventura A.] from his own herbarium staff to assist with the field work. 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 13 “A station wagon in the University car pool with be available September 4. I plan to depart September 6. One of my nieces [Helena Hoseney] who once worked part-time in the Herbarium is riding along to Guadalajara, and then will stay another week. Next, Ann La Riviere, also a former Herbariumite, will fly down from Los Angeles to travel with me another two weeks. Barbara Steinhauser, of our staff here, will fly down for one week of collecting and the ride home. If my money holds out...V’Il return home November 1.” “In accordance with the advice of Dr. Rzedowski, we will make headquarters in a series of towns large enough to have a reasonably comfortable motel with adequate electricity to supply the plant driers, and make daily forays into the surrounding areas. The final itinerary will depend on rainfall and local season conditions.” The electric plant driers were something of an innovation for Mexico, as in the 1950s neither motels nor dependable power-supplies were widespread enough to satisfy the needs of itinerant field-botanists. In the end, this trip in 1969 proved to be more ambitious than she had antici- pated. After making a few collections along the highway in Nuevo Leon and San Luis Potosi, she spent about three weeks in Nueva Galicia before continuing into eastern Mexico and northward toward the border, where her last collections were made in Nuevo Leon on October 20. Her numbered series of collections (consist- ing primarily of Cucurbitaceae) ranged from 3403 to 3684. She wasted very little time on hastily gathered roadside specimens, but made every possible effort to obtain complete and well-prepared material whenever she stopped. Nuevo Leon: 3403-3404 San Luis Potosi: 3405-3606 Jalisco: 3407-3529 Colima: 3530-3537 Jalisco: 3538-3542 Colima: 3543 Jalisco: 3544-3588 Querétaro: 3589-3593 D.F.: 3594-3596 Guerrero: 3597-3615 D.F.: 3616-3617 Morelos: 3618-3623 D.F.: 3624-3630 Hidalgo: 3631-3638 Puebla: 3639-3642 Veracruz: 3643 San Luis Potosi: 3644-3660 Tamaulipas: 3661-3674 Nuevo Leén: 3675-3684 11 September 12 September 12-24 September 25-26 September 27 September 27 September 28 September-—2 October 3 October 5 October 8-9 October 11 October 11 October 12 October 14-16 October 16 October 17 October 18 October 18-19 October 20 October Between trips to Mexico, Jennie managed to work in miscellaneous identifica- tions of cucurbit specimens, care for her collection of living cucurbits at the Uni- versity of Michigan Botanical Garden, and visit Harvard University on a trip to further her cucurbitaceous ends. On June 15, 1971, she wrote to Annetta Carter: “The Schizocarpum seeds arrived and I’m sowing them right away.... The other cucurbit fruit you found in the same place is Echinopepon. That yielded a couple of seeds also, which I am also planting.... 14 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 “My visit to Harvard was most worthwhile and enjoyable. I selected what I wished to borrow, was able to name or rename a considerable number of sheets, and saw excellent material of several American genera I had known previously only from published descriptions.” During her Harvard visit, she met or renewed acquaintance with, as she said, “Bill” Gillis, Carroll Wood, Bernice Schubert, Lily Perry, Frank Seymour, the Tryons [Rolla and Alice]. [Lorin] Nevling, and [Reed] Rollins. On September 16, 1971, Jennie reported (as Herbarium Botanist) to Director A. H. Smith, noting that during her visit to the Field Museum, in May of that year, she had been invited by the Curator, Louis O. Williams, to prepare the treatment of Cucurbitaceae for the prestigious Flora of Guatemala, most of the final parts of which were written by Williams himself. “In my time available for research, roughly a quarter, | have continued inves- tigations in the taxonomy of Mexican Cucurbitaceae. I have also visited herbaria at Harvard University, the Field Museum, the Missouri Botanical Garden, Michi- gan State University, the State University of lowa, and the Instituto de Biologia and the Instituto Politécnico Nacional in Mexico City. At each of these institu- tions I identified specimens, improved my understanding of genera not well repre- sented in our own herbarium, and selected sheets for borrowing. Loans were also secured from California, Wisconsin, and Texas. Thus far, 455 sheets have been assembled, in addition to our own, for a revision of Sechiopsis and Schizocarpum and construction of a descriptive-diagnostic key to all the Mexican cucurbit genera. “Each summer, I have had numerous cucurbit cultures growing at the Botani- cal Garden and in my private greenhouse. To gain further acquaintance with the living plants, and expand our herbarium collections, I spent seven weeks in Mexico in 1969, and am preparing to go there again this autumn.” She was already planning ahead to her next Mexican excursion, when she wrote to Annetta Carter on May 28, 1971 (after a short trip to Iowa to visit her daughter): “The first morning I was back on the job, one of the graduate students [James Duffield] asked me whether I was still contemplating going to Mexico this fall, and said he hoped he could go along. He has a grant of money, and a project (Montanoa), and had been in every day to see whether I had come home yet. So | “enrolled” him, and it’s pretty well settled that we will leave about October 15. Rog thinks I should consult Dr. Rzedowski about a third person, as he might like to include someone from his staff .... “Our itinerary, as always, will depend on field conditions, but Jalisco & vicini- ty will be first choice, then Western Mexico generally. If there is time, we may get into Oaxaca, or even Chiapas. I am anxious to get additional Schizocarpum col- lections, and to track down material for some of the cucurbit puzzlers that may be new genera as well as new species.” As Jennie informed the Director (report of 1971-72), she was in Mexico for about seven weeks, leaving Ann Arbor October 15 and returning December 5. James Duffield, the Herbarium Assistant, accompanied her. William L. Graham, another graduate student, joined the party in Mexico City after Francisco Ventura (who had assisted her in 1969) was unable to meet them. In a letter to the staff of the Michigan Herbarium (from Melaque, Jalisco, November ?12, 1971) she commented that the party was looking forward to get- ting back into higher altitudes, saying “the mornings and evenings are pleasant here [on the Pacific coast], but the sun is broiling in the daytime.” 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 15 “Collecting has been good. I’ve found many of the special things we came for, so that keeps up our spirits and will to work. Jim and Bill are fine helpers, strong and enthusiastic, and we all manage to live together without getting on each others nerves. I feel very fortunate in having Bill to take the place of Francisco, who was sick when he was supposed to meet Jim and me. Bill knows so much about the country and has many helpful pointers about how to do things, which he learned in his trips with Dr. McVaugh.” In this 1971 trip Jennie tried to visit parts of Mexico that she had not seen previously. From Nuevo Leon she turned westward through Coahuila and Durango to Sinaloa, thence southward through the lowlands into Nueva Galicia where she spent the next three weeks. After leaving Melaque, Jalisco (see letter quoted above), the party passed on November 13 from the city of Colima to Guadalajara, thence to Guanajuato to investigate a locality where Duffield wanted to search for a certain species of Montanoa, and finally via Mexico City to Guerrero and Oaxaca before turning homeward. Her collections during the trip are summarized below: Nuevo Leén: 3800-3804 19 October Coahuila: 3805-3815 20 October Durango: 3816-3839 21-22 October Sinaloa: 3840-3869 23-25 October Nayarit: 3870-3983 25-29 October Jalisco: 3984-4088 30 October—S5 November Nayarit: 4235-4237 6 November [to correct a double number series] Jalisco: 4238-4242 6 November [to correct a double number series] Jalisco: 4089-4160 7-12 November Colima: 4161-4176 12-13 November Jalisco: 4177-4192 13-16 November Guanajuato: 4193-4196B 17-18 November México: 4197-4204 20 November Guerrero: 4205-4206 24 November Oaxaca: 4207-4228 26-29 November Puebla: 4229 29 November Hidalgo: 4230-4234 30 November Jennie’s last trips to Mexico were in 1972. She was promoted from Herbarium Botanist to Assistant Curator in September. In her report to the Director for 1972-73 she mentioned her attendance in St. Louis, Missouri, at the annual sym- posium on systematics in October. She later visited Mexico City to attend the First Latin American Botanical Congress, lodging for the period December 1-8, 1972, at Hotel Versalles, where Annetta Carter was also staying. Before the St. Louis meeting, Jennie managed to arrange a short collecting trip to Michoacan and Jalisco, on which she was accompanied by Carol Nimke, the Herbarium Sec- retary. I have no details on this excursion except the records of her collections from her fieldbooks: Michoacan: 4243-4419 4-13 September Jalisco: 4420-4431 14 September 16 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 As her field-experience with the Mexican cucurbits increased, Jennie more and more began to concentrate on finding living populations of species and gen- era that were of special interest to her, and those she had not seen previously. It was in 1972 that she was able to find and collect the material on which she later based the new genera Apatzingania (Dieterle 4379) and Chalema (Dieterle 4307). Between 1958, the year of her trip to Europe, and 1973, Jennie accomplished her most significant research on the Cucurbitaceae and became known internationally for her work. To add to her knowledge of morphology, geographical distribution, and breeding patterns, she undertook a study of pollen diversity through the use of the Scanning Electron Microscope, which at that time was a developing tech- nique. From January to June, 1973, she used the University’s SEM Laboratory for a total of 54.5 hours, the third largest number of hours among the 30 users of the instrument from the College of Literature, Science, and the Arts. The high quality of the resultant photographs of pollen grains is clear from the 12 examples pub- lished to accompany her treatment of the family in the Flora of Guatemala (Part 11, no. 4, pages 390-395, figures 35-46. 1976). It is appropriate to add here an appraisal of Jennie’s work, by an internation- ally known student of Mexican cucurbits, Dr. Rafael Lira-Saade. At my request he submitted the following, which I put into English that imperfectly expresses the feelings in the original Spanish: “In all walks of life there are persons whose work, although not nec- essarily monumental in scope, has a strong impact on the community for which it is intended. Such was the floristic and taxonomic work on the Cucurbitaceae of Jennie Van Akkeren Dieterle, whom unfortunately | never had the pleasure of meeting. My first contact with her work, which proved to be of great importance in my professional career, was in 1983 when I was beginning as curator of an herbarium in Yucatan, and found myself needing to identify some dozens of specimens of that family, and also to find a subject for my Master’s Thesis. “The problem of identification proved to be very pleasant and easy with the aid of Mrs. Dieterle’s treatment [for the Cucurbitaceae of Guate- mala]. Two outstanding features of that work are the detail and precision that characterize the description of the family, and the keys to identifica- tion of genera, including one for material with staminate flowers, and a second key for material with fruits only. We who study the Cucurbitaceae know the value of that, as it is very seldom that one can find all the necessary structures in a single specimen. “Study of the Cucurbitaceae of Guatemala also made it easy for me to decide upon a topic for my thesis, which developed into a taxonomic and ethnobotanical study of the Cucurbitaceae of the Yucatén Peninsula, and eventually led to a lifelong interest. From that day to this I have devoted my time and my professional interest to the study of these plants as el grow in my country. “Quite apart from her publications, Mrs. Dieterle’s numerous botani- cal specimens were always carefully prepared and fully annotated, mak- ing them unusually valuable. One such specimen was of a plant in the genus Sicyos, which is certainly one of the most difficult genera of the Cucurbitaceae. Her notes on the specimen alerted one of my students to the realization that perhaps the species was new to science. This was 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 17, confirmed by further study, and in 1999 the new species was published as ayes dieterleae Rodriguez-Arévalo & Lira. “It is also obvious from the notes on Mrs. Dieterle’s specimens that she made a special attempt to collect from plants that were unusual, rare, or otherwise interesting. One such collection, her number 3640, taken from a roadside habitat in 1969, still constitutes the only record of the wild chayote, Sechium edule subsp. sylvestre, that we have from the State of Puebla. “Similar examples are surely known to all those who have studied the Cucurbitaceae of Mexico. To them, as to me, Mrs. Dieterle’s ‘good taxo- nomic eye’ must have provided many an assist to their scientific careers.” On November 12, 1973, Jennie sustained what her attending physician called n “acute cerebrovascular accident,” or what was generally thought of as a rather mild stroke. This affected her left side in particular, including her eyesight, her muscular control, and to some extent her concentration. On December 7 she wrote to the Director of the Herbarium, in what seemed to be perfectly normal handwriting, that it might be some time before she could resume her duties at the Herbarium. She was sufficiently recovered to submit a detailed annual report of 37 pages, on the activity in the Herbarium through June 30, 1974, but of herself she said only: “My own work was suddenly interrupted because of an arterial thrombosis suffered in November. This illness necessitated a complete absence from the Herbarium until the latter part of April, and allowed only shortened workdays for the remainder of the year. My research, principally concerned with the cucurbits of Guatemala and Mexico, and with examination of cucurbit pollen under the scanning electronic microscope, was halted. However, a paper on a geocarpic cucurbit from Mexico, written earlier, reached publication.” he continued both her curatorial duties and her research in spite of her handicaps. In her detailed report for 1974-75 she summarized her activities in a few lines: “As in the past, my time was given chiefly to general herbarium manage- ment: Supervision of the mounting and preparatorial staff, record-keeping, acces- sioning, miscellaneous curatorial duties, etc. My research activity continued as work on a compilation of the Cucurbitaceae of Guatemala. I still have, after two years of convalescence, some minor stroke-related disability, which may be permanent. It seems wise to request retirement as soon as a replacement can be arranged.” In my (Curator’s) report to the Director, October 10, 1975, I added: “It is true that her recovery from her stroke in November 1973 has been less rapid than her doctor predicted.... In addition she has lost some self-confidence. She has contin- ued to work on the treatment of the Cucurbitaceae for the Flora of Guatemala, but she goes very slowly, with much help from the staff at Chicago.” At the end of the following fiscal year, 1975-76, her Assistant Curator’s report summarized as before her regular duties, but she said, “My ability to pursue these activities is lowered. I would welcome retirement and freedom to devote all my time to the study of the Cucurbitaceae.” She continued modestly, “The manu- script for the Cucurbitaceae for the Flora of Guatemala has been completed. It is now being printed. I am continuing, as time permits, with work on Mexican Cucurbi- taceae.” Whether or not Jennie was able to perform her duties as well as before, her report shows that she had lost nothing of her judgments of people and her ability 18 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 to write pithily and clearly about them. In discussing the work of the plant mounters under her charge, she diagnosed both their weak and their strong points in detail, without recommendations for action, but evidently to alert the director to the weaknesses and strengths in his staff. In my (Curator’s) report of October 14, 1976, I was able to say of the Cucurbita- ceae of Guatemala: “It is in press, and in fact should be out any day now. It will be a great credit to her and to the Herbarium to have a contribution in the presti- gious Flora of Guatemala, which is by all odds the best flora now available for any part of Latin America.” The pertinent part of the Flora that included the cucurbits (part 11, number 4, pages 275-431) was issued on October 20, 1976. Some months previous to this, the final typing of the manuscript had been completed by Dorothy L. Nash of the Field Museum staff, who came and worked with Jennie in Ann Arbor, and put Jennie’s data and ideas and manuscripts into the stylized format of the Flora of Guatemala, which was complete with this last part. Unfortunately Jennie could not finish the comparable treatment of that family for the Flora Novo-Galiciana, which she had undertaken at my request, and in support of which she had carried on her field-excursions in Mexico in the 1960s. She laid a firm foundation for future work, however, by working closely with Karin Douthit, the artist who since 1969 has prepared the majority of the black- and-white illustrations that adorn the pages of the Flora. Between Jennie’s detailed knowledge of the complex structure of the cucurbit flowers, and the details that were absolutely essential to show in the drawings, on the one hand, and Karin’s knowledge of what could in fact be shown in pen and ink at the desired magnifica- tion, the two of them produced, complete to the finest detail, more than half of the drawings that would ultimately be needed. With those for a model, it was relatively easy for me to work with Karin to complete the job 20 years later, along the lines that Jennie had laid down. Now that the time has come when the Cucurbitaceae of Nueva Galicia may be published in the foreseeable future, it is a great pleasure to say here that it could never have been completed without Jennie’s detailed notes and sketches of dissected flowers, her manuscript descriptions, her hundreds of annotations on herbarium specimens, her contribution to the drawings that will illustrate the finished work, and her field excursions that so greatly increased our knowledge of the living plants. Her influence lingers on in the Michigan Herbarium today. The present Cura- tor, A. A. Reznicek, wrote to me in April, 2000, “though everything is now com- puterized, the kinds of data we record and the diligence with which we (try) to record things follow Jennie’s example, as do labeling of bundles and many of our other curatorial practices, such as our ‘City’ file for curatorial records. The details may differ but the thoroughness and care she took we hope we have maintained.” It is hoped that this brief chronicle will illustrate how continuing, inspired efforts by a relatively small number of individuals may result in the creation of a storehouse of knowledge with international repute. At the same time it is our wish to express appreciation for one of those scholars, Jennie Dieterle, who loved and lived her discipline every day of her life, and whose dedicated work greatly contributed to the present stature of the University of Michigan Herbarium. 2001 MCVAUGH: JENNIE DIETERLE 19 BOTANICAL PUBLICATIONS BY JENNIE V. A. DIETERLE Sandbags as a technical aid in mounting plants. Rhodora 62: 322-324. 1960. A new geocarpic genus from Mexico: Apatzingania (Cucurbitaceae). Brittonia 26: 129-132. 1974. Parasicyos maculatus, a new genus and species of Cucurbitaceae from Guatemala. Phytologia 32: 289-290. 1975. Cucurbitaceae, Gourd Family. Jn Flora of Guatemala. Fieldiana 24, pt. 11: 306- 395. 1976 Two new Cucurbitaceae from Mexico. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 14: 69-73. 1980. [Chalema synanthera, new genus and species; Sechiopsis tetraptera, new species]. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb, 23: 21-28. 2001. JENNIE VAN AKKEREN DIETERLE 1909-1999 Caroline Dieterle Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Jennie Van Akkeren Dieterle—my mother—was a scholar, a dedicated staff member at the University of Michigan Herbarium, an authority on the American Cucurbitaceae, and a founding member of the Huron Valley Chapter of The Michigan Botanical Club. She was a woman ahead of her time in terms of educa- tional level attained and independence of thought; that she also truly lived her scholarly discipline all of her life—not only in her professional activities but in her pastimes and in the methods and attitudes she brought to her family life—is notable and unusual: if “botanical talent” were recognized as artistic talent is, she would be said to have had it. My grandparents were recent immigrants from Holland, gardeners and flo- rists; some of Mother’s earliest memories were of her parents working together in a greenhouse while she and her brother John (who later became a forester) played under the benches. Living on the grounds of the University of Michigan Botanical Gardens (the old location), where her father had become employed as a gardener, meant that she literally grew up among plants; she knew Professor Harley H. Bartlett from her childhood days at the Gardens and, as “an honorary niece”— which she always explained proudly—she called him “Uncle Harley.” I knew that plants were very important to my mother virtually from the time I came to consciousness—and not until I met other children’s parents did I realize how different and special she was in this regard. In contrast to my friends’ mothers, she also was very indulgent in ways we appreciated: she let my brother and me roller-skate in the house. My brother was born on Christmas Eve, and because everyone was too busy with Christmas to give him a feeling of being special on his birthday, she invented the “Halfy Birth- day,” celebrating June 24" as his birthday instead. She read “Rabbit Hill,” “Alice in Wonderland,” and “The Camel with the Wrinkled Knees” to us, some of her favorites. When we were having lots of cavities in our teeth and could not have sugary treats, she made paraffin chewing gum for us with mint flavoring. She took us swimming at the lake and was a good swimmer herself. She was a good ice skater. She carried a pocketknife and let us have them, too. When a neighbor called to complain angrily that I had scared her terribly by hanging by my knees from a tree branch over the road, Mother did not punish me but told me to hang by my knees somewhere else that wouldn’t cause trouble. She never called us ‘honey’ or ‘dear’ and considered public displays of affec- tion in bad taste—but I knew she loved us dearly. She expected us to endure pain bravely, but did all she possibly could to relieve it when we were sick or hurt. We picked wild strawberries and wild black raspberries together; we went into our woods for picnics. We gathered walnuts and hickory nuts. In the spring, she took us to the woods to see—but not pick!—the spring wild flowers. I learned eA im) in) CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Jennie Van Akkeren at age 19 from her the ethic for wild flowers that later was expressed in a Michigan Botanical Club poster: “Let them live in your eye, not die in your hand.” Sometimes we found giant puffballs, and she showed us that they were good to eat, frying breaded slices of them for supper. She knew a lot about animals and insects, too—which ones posed hazards and which ones were harmless—as well as the important principles of interrupting the life cycles of those that were undesirable in order to eliminate them, and of removing whatever would attract them in the first place. (Thanks to her instruction, I have never had problems with clothes moths, mice, ants, roaches, or other household pests.) I remember being shown how to pick up a garter snake, and being told that they were a valuable help in the garden and that I should not be afraid of all snakes. She referred to ‘clean bugs’ as something not to worry about when picking and eating wild berries, saying that, after all, they lived on what we also were eating and not on anything dirty like manure. She showed me how caterpillars become butterflies. We watched tadpoles turn into frogs. My brother wanted to know what crow tasted like—when he shot one, she cooked it for him. She took him fishing and got him interested in turtles, so that he learned the natural history of all those that are native to southern Michigan. My daughter Jennie, her namesake, remembers her grandmother taking her for a walk around the farm when she was still quite small and showing her how to make “wheat gum” by chewing green kernels of wheat, and how to make a fire with a magnifying glass. 2001 DIETERLE: JENNIE VAN AKKEREN DIETERLE DS Because she and my father had bought 80 acres of farmland and woods, there was plenty of room for gardening. Besides the vegetable garden, she planted bulbs and perennials all around the yard and had beautiful flower beds. She went through the discard piles at the Botanical Gardens and salvaged irises and “spent” bulbs to replant—and they always flourished. A greenhouse was built onto the south side of the garage and used continually for many years. By watching her I learned how to plant and care for a garden, how to start seedlings and do transplants, how to mix soil and make compost. She told me that “nothing goes to waste, because something eats everything.” She also quoted a little verse about the food chain: “Bigger bugs have lesser bugs Upon their backs to bite them; And lesser bugs have littler ones, And so on—ad infinitum!” Her knowledge of science was ingrained and second nature: her 20 years away from formal participation (1937-57) did not result in her becoming “rusty.” She read serious books and journals in the evenings—I don’t remember ever seeing a “women’s magazine” in the house. Scientific American and the Sigma Xi journal were there instead. I went to my high school physics class the day after ‘Parents’ Night’ and was greeted ecstatically by my teacher. My mother had had the same teacher many years before. Apparently the previous evening he had posed a physics problem to the assembled parents and asked if anyone knew how to solve it. My mother had gotten right up and done the job, and then reminded him that he himself had taught her how to do it. Typically, she had not mentioned this to me herself that morning. I did well academically because of her example and learned important princi- ples from her that have served me well all my life; some examples are: “No solution to any problem is more exact than the least exact quantity used in the calculation.” “No system is any stronger than the weakest link in it.” “Always check your work, asking first whether the answer makes sense in relation to the situation and the scale of the components and then work- ing backwards from the answer to check for errors in computation.” “If you are making no progress in solving a problem you are likely asking yourself the wrong questions—try approaching from a different perspective.” When I became a mother myself, I realized how well she had done a difficult task. Upon being told I was expecting my first child, she said with characteristic brevity that came straight to the point: “You will find that being a mother can be very trying at times, but in the end you will see that it was all very worth doing.” The similarly brief advice she offered on child rearing was solid: “never use baby talk with your children—it’s bad for their English and insults their intelli- gence”; “if you lose control when they are 2 years old, you have lost it for good.” She truly taught by example the most valuable knowledge I have: what love is, the importance of being fair and being kind, that the measure of being a ‘lady’ is whether one thinks of other people’s feelings—that personal modesty, cleanli- ness, and table manners are simply ways of being considerate of others—and that it has nothing at all to do with stuffiness or snobbery. She said that using obscenities was simply “an indication of a poor vocabulary.” 24 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 She had a good sense of humor (we shared an appreciation for “Far Side” cartoons); and she knew when to take time out to celebrate a job well done: she’d say, “Shall we dissipate now?” and we would have some tea and a snack or a glass of wine. Almond Joy bars or any form of chocolate with nuts were favorites of hers. Arduous, tiring tasks that resulted in fatigue led to our invention of “dead bug syndrome”—which was lying down on one’s back with all four appendages raised straight up in the air—to express that. When I was a sophomore at the University of Michigan who had already tried and abandoned History, German, and Classics majors because my interest in them was not deep enough, I was worrying aloud one day and her only comment was, “I do not consider any person truly educated who has not taken at least one college biology course.” I had not. I hadn’t even taken high school biology. I registered for Botany I the next term, and was hooked on the Botany major on the day I looked through the microscope in one of the first lab exercises and saw streaming cytoplasm in a green cell. I only regret that I “saw the light” that late, because when I was in high school I had gone along on many of her forays to collect specimens eventually used in the Michigan Flora project. I sat in the car, reading and guarding the equipment, a sort of ‘safety measure’ in case of accident: I got a lot of classics read but learned no botany. The one time it was truly useful that I was along was when she was collecting aquatic plants using a rowboat and a grapple; I was rowing the boat. The grapple caught on something especially resis- tant, she overbalanced and fell in—a big surprise to us both. About this time, she started to work at the Herbarium and was obviously so very happy to be back among other people interested in plants in a scholarly way. When I visited her in the Herbarium she seemed to be blooming there. She became acquainted with the graduate students working in the mycology collec- tions, some of whom were growing cultures; at Christmas, with a smile, she told me that she had left them a bushel basket of manure wrapped in holiday paper with a note that said, “Merry Christmas from the Staff.” Social occasions at home began to include her colleagues and their conversa- tions about botany. Formerly, the guest lists had been limited largely to people my father knew; and after a long drawn-out discussion of some psychological theory or philosophical point, she would simply say mildly ‘all of that’s all very well, but what’s for dinner?’—underlining her preference for considering practical realities. She was a wonderful cook and gracious hostess, and I doubt that this rejoinder offended anyone. However, the entertaining of Botany people resulted in table conversations that were quite different: a good example is the time Rup Chand was there and showed us how to make cotton thread using just his hands, a wad of surgical cotton, a small stick, and an empty thread spool. One of her colleagues, Eric Hultén from Sweden, came to the farm several times while he was visiting the University of Michigan Herbarium. On one late winter occasion, he brought along a folding cot or lounge chair of some kind and lay out on it in the sun in nothing but a pair of shorts amidst the melting snow on the south lawn of the house. This amazed us all. I sent her some botanical postage stamps I found, and she started a stamp collection of exclusively botanical stamps. We both had a lot of fun with that. We had always enjoyed doing jigsaw puzzles; eventually the 1000-piece-type turned 2001 DIETERLE: JENNIE VAN AKKEREN DIETERLE 25 into a group project when the family was home for a holiday, and the puzzle picture always featured plants. When she was considering going on her first collecting trip in Mexico my grandmother was in frail health, so Mother was hesitating even though she very much wanted to go. She asked me what I thought about it. I asked her in reply whether there were any unresolved issues between them. There were not, and my grandmother was telling her to go. I then asked her whether she would want me to stay home if the two of us were in the same situation. She immediately replied, ‘No!’ and decided to go. While she was packing to leave, my brother gave her a leather belt with a gun holster on it to carry her trowel in. Mother later said that on a few occasions while out in the bush she became aware of being watched by strange men but that they all kept their distance; she thought that because the top of the holster was covered by her shirt or jacket they might have thought she was armed. On the first trip, she called home in distress after about a week—did not feel at all well and didn’t know what to do. My father correctly diagnosed the cause as over-caffeination from the cola drinks they were using in large quantity to stay hydrated and avoid digestive problems from the water. Changing drinks took care of the problem. When her collecting party emerged from the bush in the fall of 1963, the first Mexicans they met told them about President Kennedy’s assassination; they at first thought that either they were misunderstanding what was said or that it was some sort of joke. I was very glad that Mother finally had the opportunity to travel not only to Mexico but to Europe to visit herbaria there, because for so many years she had heard my father and his friends talk about their travels. When I was still a child she had started a ‘travel savings fund’ into which she and I put the small change that we found in such places as under the couch cushions; it was a symbol to me of her optimism and belief that doing something constructive—however small—to solve a problem was better than doing nothing. When I had children I became occupied with domestic duties of my own and could only cheer her on as her professional career advanced. | remember her exclamations of amazement and delight at the use of the electron microscope—a wonderful new tool for her research. She began to publish articles and had in- creased responsibility at the Herbarium as well as more travel. She wondered aloud whether it was worthwhile to publish her first article—about sand bag use in the Herbarium—because to her it was such a simple and obvious solution; in reply, I reminded her of one of her own dicta: “The most difficult problem, once solved, appears relatively simple.” She was always very critical of her own work and seemed pleasantly surprised at any approbation she received. When we were together and I asked her how things were going with her work, she would describe rather shyly and diffidently her activities and achievements; but the pleasure she took in her professional life was quietly evident. Cucurbits were long-standing garden favorites—I loved them too because of their growth habit, big leaves, and ambitious tendrils. She used the word “jolly” to describe them, and when I was 3- 4 years old she had made me a cloth doll with a pumpkin head (papier-maché?) called “Billy Bounce.” Either she had been interested in them a long time indeed or had followed up on our gardening by looking into the literature about the family and then deciding to focus on it. 26 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM /OLUME 23 — 1a cotton field on the way to Mexico, 1963 Collecting in Mexico, 1969 2001 DIETERLE: JENNIE VAN AKKEREN DIETERLE 7a] At home by the walnut tree, ca. 1975 Unfortunately, we lived far from Ann Arbor. She was a treasured grandmother, and when we had a visit my children would weep when it was time to part— making it even harder for me to say goodbye myself. We fell into the custom of always having lentil soup as a sort of pledge of another visit soon. She used the same organizational and coping skills that benefited the Herbarium so much when she came to my rescue on some very trying occasions: for example, when the date for moving my household fell only a week or so after the arrival of my second child. During later visits, she and my daughter Jennie would do the mending as a way to help me out, pretending that the clothes ‘needed an operation’; Jennie would present the case, and then pull the basting threads and trim the ends after Mother had sewn up the tear or mended the hole. Jennie is now an accomplished seamstress who has taught sewing classes herself. I see my mother’s influence in all my children as well as in myself and am very thankful for that. I realize how lucky I was to have her, and that she was the best mother a person like me could have had. Because of my own family responsibilities, I was never in a position to be able to enjoy her company as a fellow expedition member; I regret that, because her incisive logic, excellent sense of humor, coping skills, courage in adversity, and strong attitude of fairness must have made her a very good person with whom to share both the pleasures and travails of field work. When in 1992 it became obvious that she would have to stay at a retirement home, we talked about that and she quoted from the Rubaiyat of Omar Khayyam: “Ah love! Could you and I with him conspire To grasp this sorry Scheme of Things entire, Would not we shatter it to bits—and then 1» Re-mould it nearer to the Heart’s Desire! 28 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 At home on the farm, ca. 1989 In our conversations in the last few years, when we talked of the meaning of life and death, the incredible intricacy of living things, and the wonder of existence itself, she seemed to take comfort in, and agree with, J. B. S. Haldane’s remark: “My suspicion is that the universe is not only queerer than we suppose, but queerer than we can suppose.” I hope that wherever her soul now is, she is finding out more about the universe and is being pleasantly surprised. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 29-34. 2001. TWO NEW SPECIES OF HETEROPTERYS (MALPIGHIACEAE) FROM SOUTHEASTERN BRAZIL André M. Amorim Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz Departamento de Ciéncias Bioldgicas Ilhéus, 45.650-000, Bahia, Brazil ABSTRACT. Heteropterys fragilis and H. occhionii, two new species of Heteropterys H. B. K. Subsection Aptychia Nied. (Malpighiaceae), are described and illustrated, and their affinities with related taxa discussed. Both species occur in the Brazilian Atlantic forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro. ResumMo. Heteropterys fragilis e H. occhionii, duas novas espécies de Heteropterys H. B. K. Subsection Aptychia Nied. (Malpighiaceae), sao descritas e ilustradas, e suas afinidades taxonémicas sao discutidas. Ambas as espécies ocorrem em floresta Atlantica no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. The two new species here described are assigned to Heteropterys Subsection Aptychia Nied. (Malpighiaceae). They are known only from the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Heteropterys fragilis occurs in the Atlantic forest and H. occhionii presumably in similar habitat. Heteropterys fragilis Amorim, sp. nov.—Type: BRaziL. Rio de Janeiro: Estagao oldgica Estadual de Paraiso, Mpio. Guapimirim, 22°27-31’S, 42°50- 56’W, trilha a esquerda da Estacaio de Tratamento de Agua, 28 Oct 1999 fl/fr, A. M. Amorim, S. J. Neto & J. Caruso 3146 (holotype: CEPEC!; isotypes: MBM! MICH! RB! SP!). Fig. 1 Liana sublignosa, ramis mox glabrescentibus; lamina foliorum majorum 5.3— 12.5 cm longa, 0.9-3.1 cm lata, membranacea, elliptica, lanceolata, oblongo-lan- ceolata, vel falciformis, margine ciliata, utrinque glabrata; petiolus 2-5 mm lon- gus, glabratus, base biglandulosus. Panicula 2.5-11 cm longa, in ramis deflexis, floribus in umbellis 4-6-floris; bractae margine ciliatae, juxta basim biglandulosae; flores pedunculis nullis, pedicellis 5.5—7 mm longis, incrassatis versus apicem. Pet- ala lutea, exposita in alabastro, dorso carinato; petala margine erosa; styli apice dorsaliter rotundati. Samarae 19-21 mm longae, 9-10 mm latae, nux laevis oody vine, climbing to 1.5—6 m; stems cylindrical to sulcate, twisted, Faieally tomentose and soon glabrate, developing small scattered lenticels on the basal stems. Leaves opposite; petiole 2-5 mm long, tomentose to eventually glabrate, bearing a pair of prominent glands at base, each gland 1.1-1.3 mm in diameter; stipules ca. 0.1-0.2 mm long, borne on the base of the petiole; lamina of larger leaves (5.3—) 8.8-12.5 cm long, (0.9-) 1.4-3.1 cm wide, membranous, elliptical, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate, or sometimes falcate, obtuse to slightly cordate at base, acute to cuspidate at apex, margins with irregularly spaced vascularized cilia, especially in young leaves, soon deciduous or persistent near the apex; hairs sessile or subsessile, nearly straight and strongly appressed or long-stalked, form- ing a dense indument on primary and secondary veins on both sides, later decidu- ous or persistent on the abaxial surface; adaxial surface with impressed veins. Inflorescence a small panicle, terminal or axillary, pendulous, initially tomentose Be) 30 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 FIG. 1. Heteropterys fil tes a) flowering branch with detail of basal stem; b) umbel of flower buds; c) inflorescence bract; d) flower bud from above; e) flower from above; f) posterior i with portion of margin enlarged; g) androecium, laid out, abaxial view, the stamen second from right opposite the posterior petal. stamen fourth from left opposite the anterior sepal; h) gynoecium, anterior style in middle; i) detail of apex of | style; j) samara. Scale bars: a, 5 cm; mm; c—d, 1.5 . 3mm; f, | mm (petal) and 0.25 mm (margin); g, 2 mm;h, 1 mm; i, 0.25 mm; j, 4 m. (Based on vee 3146.) to glabrate, (2.5—) 3.5-8 (—11) cm long, primary branches 4-10, 0.5-3.5 cm long, secondary branches 4-8, 0.3—-0.6 cm long, the ultimate units 4-6-flowered umbels; inflorescence bracts ca. 5.5 mm long, 0.6-0.8 mm wide, linear, ciliate on the margins, biglandular at base, the glands ca. | mm long, bright green; peduncle absent; 2001 AMORIM: HETEROPTERYS 31 bracts 0.6-0.7 mm long, 0.7-0.8 mm wide, ovate, eglandular, abaxially tomentose, adaxially glabrous; bracteoles like bracts but smaller, eglandular; pedicel 5.5—7 mm long, 0.9-1.8 mm wide (7-9 mm long, ca. 2.2 mm wide in fruit), tomentose, somewhat thicker distally. Sepals 1.6-1.8 mm long, 1.1—1.4 mm wide, pale brown, rounded at apex, abaxially tomentose, adaxially glabrous, eglandular. Petals ex- posed in the enlarging bud, yellow, glabrous, slightly erose at margin, abaxially keeled; lateral petals spreading, claw ca. 1.4 mm long, limb 4.7-4.9 mm long, 2.3- 2.5 mm wide; posterior petal erect, claw ca. 2.1 mm long, limb 3—5.2 mm long, 2.7— 2.9 mm wide. Stamens glabrous, unequal; filaments 1.9-2.2 mm long, 0.2-0.7 mm wide, connate ca. 1/2 their length; anthers 1.6-1.8 mm long, all alike, glabrous, erect to reflexed, connective proximally 2/3-4/5 dark red, the distal 1/3-1/5 white. Ovary ca. 1.5 mm high, thinly tomentose; styles 2.3—-2.5 mm long, erect and straight, equalling or slightly exceeding the anthers, the posterior 2 rotated so that all 3 stigmas face toward posterior petal, glabrous, rounded dorsally at the apex, the stigma internal. Samara pale brown, 19-21 mm long, borne horizontally, sparsely tomentose; dorsal wing almost as long as samara, ca. 16 mm long, 9-10 mm wide, nut 4.6-8.5 mm in diameter, ovoid, smooth-sided, without lateral crests or winglets. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Brazil. Rio DE JANEIRO: Mpio. Magé: Area do Centro de Primatologia do Rio de Janeiro, 14 Oct 1984 fl, Lima et al. 2179 (RB, SP); Estacao ness de Paraiso, proximo a Estacgao de Tratamento de Agua, 18 Oct 1991 fl, Gomes et al. 432 (CE PEC, RB); Estacgéo Ecoldgica de Paraiso, 28 Nov 1991 fl, Lima et al. 4335 (RB); Serra dos Orgaos, [Mpio. Teresdpolis], Caneca—Fria, Dec 1974 fl, Occhioni 6631 (CEPEC, MICH, RFA). Heteropterys fragilis is distinguished by its leaves with a short petiole and membranous, lanceolate to oblong-lanceolate or falcate lamina, which is obtuse to slightly cordate at base and soon glabrate on both surfaces. Also, it has linear inflorescence bracts with ciliate margins, petals with an erose margin, styles rounded dorsally at the apex, and stigmas facing toward the posterior petal. The samara is borne horizontally, its nut smooth-sided, without lateral crests or winglets. This species belongs to Series Holopetalum (Griseb.) Nied., characterized principally by sessile pedicels, yellow petals, and a lamina not persistently metal- lic-sericeous below (Anderson 1982). It is related to H. crinigera Griseb., sharing a similar lamina shape, vesture (especially Occhioni 6631), and rounded style apex. This last character is rare for the series; almost all species show a pedaliform or short-appendiculate style apex. The following couplet presents the distinguish- ing characters for these two species: — . Petiole 2-5 mm long, lamina (5.3-) 8.8-12.5 cm long, (0.9—) 1.4-3.1 cm wide; inflorescence bracts ca. 5.5 mm long, margins ciliate; petals slightly erose at margin; styles 2.3-2.5 mm long, erect and straight, all stigmas facing toward the posterior petal; samara 19-21 mm long, the nut ovoid, smooth-sided. H. fragilis. ile ee (6-) 10-15 mm long, lamina (9.5—) 12-18.3 cm long, 4.8-5.5 cm wide; inflorescence bracts 1.3 mm long, margins entire; lateral petals erose and posterior petal denticulate at margin; styles ca. 5.5 mm long, slightly arcuate at base, all stigmas facing toward the center of the flower; samara 30-38 mm long, the nut subspheroidal, with prominent longitudinal nerves. H. crinigera. Heteropterys fragilis occurs in a restricted area adjacent to the National Park of Serra dos Orgaos in the state of Rio de Janeiro, between 200 and 600 m elevation. It is a slender vine growing below the canopy of Atlantic forest. The specific epithet refers to the delicate aspect of the whole plant. i>) i) CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Heteropterys occhionii Amorim, sp. nov.—T ype: BRAzIL. Rio de Janeiro: Mpio. Itatiaia, Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, May 1977 fl, P. Occhioni 8213 (holo- type: RFA!; isotypes: CEPEC! MBM! MICH! RB!). Fig: 2. Liana sublignosa, ramis mox glabrescentibus; lamina foliorum majorum 5.9— 12.5 cm longa, |.5—3.7 cm lata, lanceolata vel oblongo-lanceolata, margine sinuata, utrinque glabrata, abaxialiter aliquot glandulis parvis munita, reticulo utrinque prominenti; petiolus 7-12 mm longus, glabratus, base biglandulosus. Panicula 7- 15 cm longa, in ramis deflexis; umbellae 4—5-florae interdum 2 floribus proximali- bus adjectis; flores pedunculis nullis, pedicellis 7.3-8.3 mm longis, delicatis. Petala flava, exposita in alabastro, valde reflexa, decidua, abaxialiter plana, margine erosa; styli apice truncati, 1.6—2.9 mm longi. Slender vine; stems evidently 4-angled, initially sericeous, soon glabrate. Leaves opposite; petiole 7-12 mm long, sericeous to glabrate, bearing a pair of impressed glands at base, each gland ca. 0.8 mm in diameter; stipules ca. 0.2-0.3 mm long, borne on petiole in the proximal half, apparently often absent; lamina of larger leaves (5.9-) 8-12.5 cm long, 1.5-3.7 cm wide, papery, broadly lanceolate to ob- long-lanceolate or sometimes linear-lanceolate, cuneate to slightly obtuse at base, acute to apiculate at apex, widely sinuate at margins, bearing a series of small sessile submarginal glands, often in sinuses, sparsely sericeous to glabrescent, with the hairs sessile or subsessile and appressed, later deciduous or persistent on midrib, especially below; lateral veins visible above, lateral veins and reticulum visible below. Inflorescence paniculate, terminal, pendulous, densely sericeous, (7—) 11.2-15 cm long, the main axis elongated, primary branches 8-12, loosely arranged, 0.44.6 cm long, secondary branches rarely developed, the flowers borne ultimately in 4—5-flowered umbels, occasionally with an additional pair of flowers borne more proximally; inflorescence bracts 3.7—7.8 mm long, |.1-1.4 mm wide, linear-lanceolate, entire at margins, eglandular or biglandular at base, the glands 0.3-0.5 mm long; peduncle absent; bracts ca. 0.7 mm long, 0.4 mm wide, ovate, eglandular, abaxially sericeous, adaxially glabrous; bracteoles like bracts but smaller, eglandular; pedicel 7.3-8.3 mm long, 0.5—1 mm wide, slender, straight, densely sericeous. Sepals 2—2.2 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, rounded at apex, abaxially sericeous, adaxially glabrous, eglandular. Petals exposed in the enlarging bud, pale yellow, translucent, glabrous, abaxially smooth, all 5 reflexed in anthesis, often deciduous, slightly erose at the margin; lateral petals 5.3-5.5 mm long, 1.7 mm wide, claw ca. 2 mm long; posterior petal 4.8 mm long, ca. 1.7 mm wide, the thick claw ca. 2 mm long. Stamens glabrous, subequal; filaments 1.6-2.9 mm long, 0.2-0.7 mm wide, connate ca. 1/2 their length; anthers 1.2-1.5 mm long, all alike, glabrous, reflexed, the connective uniformly brown. Ovary ca. 1.5 mm high, densely sericeous; styles 3.7-4.2 mm long, glabrous, slender, exceeding the anthers, the anterior slightly divergent, truncate at apex. Samara not seen. Heteropterys occhionii is readily distinguished from other taxa by its elongat- ed and lax inflorescences with each branch terminating in an umbel of 4—5 flowers (occasionally with an additional pair of flowers borne more proximally), slender pedicels, and long styles exceeding the anthers and truncate at the apex. It is allied with a group of species with sessile pedicels and petals strongly reflexed during anthesis. Heteropterys occhionii resembles 7. ternstroemiifolia Adr. Juss. in the vesture of the lamina, inflorescence shape, straight pedicels, mostly deciduous translucent petals, and styles truncate at apex. It differs in its lamina, which has a widely 2001 AMORIM: HETEROPTERYS 33 FIG. 2. Heteropterys occhionii. a) flowering branch; b) detail of abaxial surface of lamina; c) umbel of flower buds; d) inflorescence bract; e) flower; f) lateral petal; g) androecium, laid out, abaxial view, the stamen second from right opposite the posterior petal, stamen fourth from left aay the anterior sepal; h) gynoecium, anterior te in middle; i) detail of apex of 1 style. Scale rs: a, 3 cm; b, 2,5 mm; c, 4 mm: d, e, 2 mm; f, g, m; h, 1 mm; i, 0.25 mm. (Based on Occhioni oe sinuate margin with a series of small sessile submarginal glands and the reticulum visible below, and also in the linear-lanceolate inflorescence bracts. It also shows several similarities to H. sanctorum W.R. Anderson, such as the androecium and style shape. Nevertheless, H. occhionii has elongated and terminal inflorescences, whereas those of H. sanctorum are short, axillary, and borne on old leafless stems. 34 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 This distinctive species, known only from the type collection, was found in the National Park of Itatiaia, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, probably in the Atlantic forest, above 1200 m elevation. The specific epithet honors Prof. Paulo Occhioni (b. 1915), collector of the type and many other excellent specimens of the southern Brazilian flora, which are housed in the herbarium of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (RFA). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This study is part of a Ph.D. project pursued at the University of SAo Paulo under the supervi- sion of Maria Candida H. Mamede. I acknowledge the Instituto de Botanica de SA0 Paulo and the Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botanico do Rio de Janeiro for access to their facilities. The curators of the gues ern sent loans for my study: C (syntypes of Heteropterys ele CEPEC, MICH, RB [am most grateful to Dr. William Anderson for his helpful comments on an early version a the manuscript and for calling my attention to the Occhioni collections. I also thank Dr. Alain Chautems for correcting the English and Dr. Jefferson Prado for revision of the Latin descriptions. The flowering branches were drawn by Maria Helena Pinheiro, hen also inked the floral details. The research presented here was supported by a PICDT/CAPES gra LITERATURE CITED Anderson, W. R. 1982. Notes on neotropical Malpighiaceae—I. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 15: 93-136. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 35-47. 2001. THE IDENTITY OF TWO WATER-DISPERSED SPECIES OF HETEROPTERYS (MALPIGHIACEAE): H. LEONA AND H. PLATYPTERA Christiane Anderson University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 Asstracr. A complex in Heteropterys composed of water-dispersed species was found to com- prise two species, H. leona (Cav.) Exell and 1. platyptera DC., differing most notably in their sama- ras. Heteropterys leona occurs mostly in Atlantic coastal regions, in the New World from Belize to northern Brazil, and in Africa from Senegal to Angola. The synonyms H. reticulata (Poir.) Nied. and H. multiflora (DC.) Hochr. commonly have been applied to the New World populations and the superfluous name H. africana to the Old World representatives. Heteropterys platyptera, also known by the synonym H. longifolia (Sw.) Nied., is restricted to the Lesser Antilles. The morphology, distribution, and extensive nomenclature are reviewed, and illustrations of the samaras are provided. INTRODUCTION The genus Heteropterys H. B. K. (Malpighiaceae) comprises well over 100 species found in the Neotropics, except H. leona (Cav.) Exell, which occurs also in West Africa. Cavanilles (1790) based his Banisteria leona on specimens from Sierra Leone and the New World, and suggested that it had perhaps been introduced to Africa (‘“fortasse ex America adsportata”). Subsequent authors considered, although hesitatingly, the American and African plants to belong to two separate species, and some also recognized a third species limited to the Lesser Antilles. Current floristic projects of Central and South America prompted a re-examination of this complex and its attendant tangled nomenclature. Two species are recognized here: H. platyptera DC. of the Lesser Antilles and H. leona (Cav.) Exell, comprising the African and remaining American elements. MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATION AND DISTRIBUTION Heteropterys is one of the wing-fruited genera of Malpighiaceae. The fruit is a schizocarp splitting into three samaras. Typically, each samara is composed of a nut bearing an elongated dorsal wing thickened along the lower (abaxial) margin. Heteropterys platyptera and H. leona grow in wet habitats, and their samaras are modified for dispersal by water. The locule is surrounded by abundant aerenchyma, which presumably allows the samara to float, and contains a seed much larger (ca. 1.5-2 * 1-1.5 cm) and thus heavier than in wind-dispersed species. In H. platyptera (Fig. 1) the elongate wing is retained, whereas in H. leona (Figs. 2, 3) the samara is flabellate and roughly as long as wide, somewhat similar to the samaras of H. orinocensis (H. B. K.) Adr. Juss., a riverine species common in the Orinoco and Amazon basins. As in many wing-fruited species of Malpighiaceae that have become adapted to water dispersal, the wing is variable in size and shape, and particularly 35 36 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 36M eo : ‘Samaras of Heteropterys eI from the Lesser Antilles. a. St. Lucia Sarcaees 530, A). b. eas ie & Stehlé 4802, US). c. Guadeloupe (Questel 5047, US). d. gene (Srehlé . ar 4, US). e. St. Vincent (Smith & Smith 1549, US). f. Dominica (Hodge 557, GH). g Dominica Barred 23a, NY). h. Dominica (Hill 25747, NY). so in H. leona. In that species the samara may be nearly semicircular in outline, or the wing may extend well below the nut or even nearly encircle it; the wing is usually somewhat longer than wide but sometimes almost as wide as long In the New World, H. leona is widely distributed along the Atlantic Coast from Belize to northern Brazil (Para), but also in Pacific Colombia (Choc6, Valle). Niedenzu (1903, 1928) also reported it (as H. reticulata) from the Brazilian state of Amazonas, but the collection cited (Poeppig 2645, G!) proved to be H. prancei W. R. Anderson (W. R. Anderson, pers. comm.). Heteropterys leona occurs on Trinidad and has been recorded three times from Jamaica, where it is rare (Adams 1972). 2001 C. ANDERSON: HETEROPTERYS Sh e 3cm G. 2. Samaras of Heteropterys leona from Africa. a. Liberia (Adam 21349, MO). b. ee Gui (Carvalho 3425, MO). c. Gabon (Reitsma 2467, NY). d. Nigeria (Okafor & Latilo FHIS7277 O). e. Cameroon (Zenker 1107, MO). f. Cameroon (Thomas 2159, MO). Although most collections are from coastal areas, H. Jeona has on occasion also been found inland (e.g., in Guyana near Dadanawa on the Rupununi River, de la Cruz 1414, 1462). In West Africa, it occurs in coastal regions from Senegal to Angola. A similar disjunction is also known for Stigmaphyllon bannisterioides (L.) C. Anderson [synonyms: Stigmaphylion ovatum (Cav.) Nied.; Brachypterys ovata (Cav.) Small], a species of seashores, beaches, mangrove swamps, and salt marshes (C. Anderson 1997). In the New World S. bannisterioides occurs along the Atlan- tic Coast from southern Mexico (Veracruz) to northern Brazil (Maranhao) and in the West Indies, in the Old World in coastal areas of Guinea Bissau, Guinea, and Sierra Leone. The populations of H. leona show quantitative differences in size of leaves and aspects of floral structure but few qualitative differences; none are correlated with geographic range. The variation is greater among the American populations than the African ones, but no characters separate the African specimens from the American ones, and they cannot be maintained as separate species. Differences include the nature of the abaxial epidermis, shape of petals, presence/absence of anther pubescence, presence/absence of a dorsal claw at style apex, and size and shape of samara. Also, the flowers vary somewhat in size, but all the parts then vary proportionally. The cells of the abaxial epidermis may be somewhat convex, giving a blistered appearance, or extended into prominent papillae to 0.03 mm long and easily discerned at low magnification. The papillate condition may lenda whitish sheen to the leaf surface, which was already noted by Jussieu (1843). All 38 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 3cm FIG. 3. Samaras of Heteropterys leona from the New World. a. Brazil (Maguire et al. 47120, NY). b. French Guiana (Cremers & Hoff 11239, US). c. Nicaragua (Moreno & Sandino 12141, MO). d. Honduras (Vargas et al. 355, NY). e. Guyana (Gillespie 1203, MICH). f. Colombia (Albert de Escobar 3245, NY). g. Jamaica (Britton 1484, NY). h. Colombia (Cuatrecasas 15936, US). 1. Guyana (Fan- shawe S31, NY). specimens seen from Africa, Venezuela (and Trinidad), and French Guiana have the leaves abaxially papillate. Those from Central America, Colombia, and Suri- name are either papillate or blistered. None of the collections seen from Jamaica, Guyana, and Brazil are papillate. The limb of the petals varies from broadly triangular to orbicular; in specimens from Central America and Brazil only orbic- ular limbs are present, but the condition is so variable elsewhere that the absence of the triangular shape may only indicate an inadequate sample. The anthers are glabrous in all African specimens examined. They commonly bear apical and basal tufts of hairs in plants from the New World, but the hairs may also be very few (and then difficult to see) or absent. The styles bear the stigma on the apex at the adaxial angle, a placement traditionally called an “internal” stigma. The apex is drawn out abaxially into a dorsiventrally flattened claw (up to 0.6 mm long) but sometimes only into a spur as short as 0.1 mm. In African specimens, the stylar claws measure (0.1—) 0.2-0.4 mm long. In the American samples, the claws in general are ca. 0.2-0.3 mm long and in larger flowers reach 0.4-0.6 mm, but 2001 C. ANDERSON: HETEROPTERYS 39, flowers with styles extended only into a short spur occur occasionally. The longest claws (0.55-0.6 mm) were seen in flowers from the Guianas and Brazil, whereas in samples from Central America the claws did not exceed 0.3 mm. As already noted above, there is much variation in the size and shape of the samara’s wing in H. leona, but the greater diversity is found in the New World (compare Fig. 2 with Fig. 3). When contrasting samaras, care must be taken to assure that they are mature or nearly so. From fruiting specimens in various stages of maturity, it is evident that the wing increases first in length. Thus, young samaras of H. leona show an elongated wing, whereas the mature ones exhibit the flabellate condition. Samaras from African material are generally small and semi- circular (ca. 3-3.5 X 2-2.5 cm; Fig. 2) and are comparable to those seen from Central America, French Guiana, and Brazil (Fig. 3a—d). None of the collections seen from Costa Rica and Panama have mature samaras; immature samaras have the wing somewhat longer than wide, but again this may only indicate that the wing is not fully expanded, as in fruiting collections from other areas. The larger samaras (up to ca. 6 X 4 cm) with a more elaborate wing are found only in the New World (Fig. 3e-i). The samara of the fruiting collection from Jamaica (Fig. 3g) is most similar to those from Guyana (Fig. 3e, 1); however, no fruiting collec- tions from Venezuela and Trinidad were available for study. The plants from Africa, the American mainland, Jamaica, and Trinidad are here recognized as representatives of one somewhat variable species, H. leona. Specimens from the Lesser Antilles differ in two distinct characters and one sub- tler aspect, and are here retained as a separate species, H. platyptera. The samaras of H. platyptera (Fig. 1) have a large elongated wing, always more than twice as long as wide (ca. 6-7 X 2.5-3 cm). In addition, the bracts are eglandular; in H. leona the bracts bear 1-5 minute glands on each margin. Heteropterys platyptera also differs in the apical ornamentation of the styles. Commonly the anterior style is dorsally rounded or bears a very short spur (0.05-0.1 mm), whereas the posterior styles lack an apical spur. Sometimes all styles are apically dorsally rounded, and sometimes all are spurred. Very rarely is the spur up to 0.2 mm long. Heteropterys platyptera and H. leona grow in similar wet habitats, but H. platyptera has not been reported from mangroves. Niedenzu (1928) cited a record from Puerto Rico for H. longifolia var. borealis (=H. platyptera] based on a specimen by an unknown collector in the Ventenat Herbarium (G!); this collection is H. leona. Although it is possible that it repre- sents a rare introduction, it is much more likely that the locality is in error. Aside from determinations by Adrien de Jussieu, the label bears only the words “Porto Rico” and “herb. Ventenat” by an unknown hand. No other Puerto Rican collec- tions of this showy species are known, nor is it listed in floristic accounts of the island (e.g., Urban 1905-1911; Stahl 1936; Liogier & Martorell 1982). CHROMOSOME NUMBER Only one chromosome report has been published for the complex here exam- ined, a count of 2n=20 from root tips of unvouchered African material (Mangenot & Mangenot 1962). W. R. Anderson (1993) noted that subfamily Malpighioideae, which includes Heteropterys, is characterized by chromosome numbers based on n=10; his reports in the same article of counts in other species of Heteropterys are all n=10. 40 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 NOMENCLATURE AND TYPIFICATION Owing to a tortuous taxonomic and nomenclatural history, a diversity of names has been applied throughout the floristic literature to the two species here dis- cussed. Jussieu (1840, 1843) recognized the African component of H. leona as his 1. africana and all American collections as H. platyptera. Niedenzu (1903, 1928) also used the name /. africana but recognized two New World species; he referred the Central and South American specimens to H. reticulata and the Lesser Antillean material to H. longifolia. Later authors, aware that H. africana, H. reticulata, and H. longifolia are illegitimate names, applied the names H. leona, H. multiflora, and HH. platyptera, respectively. Additional synonyms, which did not gain wide- spread use, are listed below in the synonymies for each species. The earliest name for the species here recognized as H. leona is Banisteria leona, published by Cavanilles in 1790. Cavanilles cited a Smeathman gathering in Thouin’s herbarium and unspecified American collections in the Jussieu herbarium. The Smeathman sheet consists of a flowering shoot of H. leona, a fragment appar- ently taken from a Smeathman specimen at BM, and a mounted packet containing samaras of Acridocarpus Guill. & Perr. The flowering branch has associated with it a strip of paper bearing “Banisteria leona. Cav. Diss.” in Cavanilles’s hand and is here designated the lectotype. This Smeathman sheet is now at MPU: Peter A. Schafer, Conservateur des Herbiers, generously provided detailed information about the discordant elements and the annotations associated with them. Candolle (1824), in the treatment of the Malpighiaceae for his Prodromus, recognized that Cavanilles’s name applied to a mixed gathering and restricted the name Banisteria leona to the flowering material of the Smeathman collection by excluding the samaras. Adrien de Jussieu (1843), the first monographer of the Malpighiaceae, moved Banisteria leona from the diverse assemblage that consti- tuted the genus Banisteria into Heteropterys; however, he applied his own and superfluous name Hereropterys africana. He, too, excluded the fruits on the Smeath- man sheet from the type of Hereropterys africana [=Banisteria leona]; these sama- ras constitute the holotype of Acridocarpus cavanillesii Adr. Juss. Both parts of the Smeathman collection bear Jussieu’s annotations: attached to the flowering shoot a strip of paper with “Heteropterys africana. Ad. Juss.” and on the packet his inscription “Acridocarpus Cavanillesii. Ad. Juss.” Hooker (1849) published an additional name, Heteroprerys jussieui, based on Don and Vogel specimens with larger-winged samaras than what Hooker considered typical for “H. africana,” though these proved to be encompassed by the morphological variation of H. leona. Later authors, including Niedenzu (1903, 1912, 1928), followed Jussieu until Exell (1944) published the combination Hereropterys leona, the correct name for the species in Heteropterys. Poiret (1816) published the earliest name for the American mainland ele- ment, Malpighia reticulata, for a Martin collection from Cayenne. Candolle did not see Poiret’s type and in his Prodromus (1824) mistakenly assigned it to Byr- sonima. As already noted, he, too, limited Banisteria leona to African material: he assigned the American representatives to his new species Banisteria multiflora, based on a Patris specimen, also from Cayenne, but noted the great similarity to B. leona (“valde accedit B. leonam”). Niedenzu (1903) corrected Candolle by publishing the combination Heteropterys reticulata, but that name was already occupied by the earlier Heteropterys reticulata Griseb. (1858). Hochreutiner (1910) used the next available epithet and formed the combination Heteropterys multiflora. 2001 C. ANDERSON: HETEROPTERYS 41 The names H. reticulata and H. multiflora are found throughout the floristic liter- ature for the American representatives of H. leona and here are considered syn- onyms of H. leona. Swartz published Banisteria longifolia, the earliest name for the Lesser Antillean species, with a brief diagnosis in his Prodromus (1788). He provided a more detailed description in volume 1| of his Flora Indiae occidentalis (1797), in which he noted that he saw only fruits but no floral parts, except the calyx. Types of names published by Swartz are often not readily traced, and original material for B. longifolia had been not been located until now. Niedenzu (1903) cited an Isert collection of 1787 from Martinique (C!) as probable type material (“Banisteria longifolia, specimen originarium, ut videtur”), but this is a flowering specimen, and there is no evidence that Swartz saw it. The Swartz Herbarium at S$ includes two sheets of a Swartz gathering from Guadeloupe that constitute the type collec- tion. One sheet, here designated the lectotype, consists of a branch bearing two leaves and several inflorescences in immature fruit. On the back the sheet Is annotated at the top in pencil by Swartz as “Banisteria longifolia. Guadel.”; Swartz’s note was partially overwritten in ink by Casstroem, who also repeated the same information at the base of the sheet. A second sheet at S bears fragments of this collection, a partial leaf and, in a mounted packet, pieces of the inflorescence; this sheet also has Swartz’s penciled annotation “Banisteria longifolia” (attested by Wikstroem’s note “Swartz scripsit”). Roger Lundin, Curator of the Regnellian Herbarium, kindly searched for this collection, and provided interpretation and attribution of the handwritings. Persoon (1805) also published a name for the Lesser Antillean species, Banis- teria macrocarpa, based on a Terrason specimen from Martinique in the Jussieu herbarium. In his Prodromus Candolle (1824) described a fruiting specimen from Guadeloupe as Heteropterys platyptera, unaware that the earlier names Banisteria longifolia Sw. and Banisteria macrocarpa Pers. applied to his new species. Jussieu (1843) recognized the synonymy but chose to use Candolle’s name, the earliest in Heteropterys. It should be noted that Jussieu considered Banisteria multiflora DC. a synonym of H. platyptera; since these names were published simultaneously, Jus- sieu’s choice must be followed. Niedenzu (1903) made the combination Heteropterys longifolia but again created a later homonym, for Heteropterys longifolia H. B. K. (1822). He should have proposed a combination based on Persoon’s name, but that is now occupied by Heteropterys macrocarpa (Nied.) Kralik (1908). The earliest legitimate name for the Lesser Antillean species in Heteropterys is Heteropterys platyptera. TAXONOMY Heteropterys leona (Cav.) Exell, Cat. S. Tomé 123. 1944. Banisteria leona Cav., Diss. 9: 424. 1790. Heteropterys africana Adr. Juss., Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 276. 1840, nomen superfl. Heteropterys africana var. Borealis Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. K6nigl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 55. 1903, nomen superfl. Heteropterys africana var. borealis f. nigritiana Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. K6nigl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 55. 1903, nomen superfl.—Type: SIERRA LEONE, Smeathman s.n., the flowering branch only (lectotype, here designated: MPU; isolectotype: BM!). [The samaras contained in the packet on the sheet at MPU constitute the holo- type of Acridocarpus cavanillesii Adr. Juss.] 42 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Malpighia reticulata Poir., Encycl. méth. Bot. Suppl. 4: 8. 1816. Byrsonima reticulata (Poir.) DC., Prodr. 1: 581. 1824, non Byrsonima reticulata Griseb., 1849. Heteropterys reticulata (Poir.) Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Kénigl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 54. 1903, non Heteropterys reticulata Griseb. in Mart., 1858. Banisteria reticulata (Poir.) C. B. Rob. in Small, N. Amer. FI. 25(2): 138. 1910.—Type: FreNcH Guiana. Cayenne, Martin s.n. (holotype: FI, photo: MICH!; isotype: P-JU 11628+B, photo and micro- fiche: MICH!). Banisteria multiflora DC., Prodr. 1: 589. 1824, non Banisteria multiflora Adr. Juss., 1840. Heteropterys multiflora (DC.) Hochr., Bull. New York. Bot. Gard. 6: 277. 1910.—Typr: FRENCH GuIANa. Cayenne, Patris s.n. (holo- type: G-DC, photos: GH! MICH!, microfiche: MICHI:; isotype: G!). Banisteria magnoliifolia Desv. ex Hamilton, Prodr. Ind. occ. 40. 1825.—T ype: “Herb. Prof. Desv. Guyana” (holotype: not located). Heteropterys jussieui Hook. f., Niger Flora 246. 1849.—Type: S1eRRA LEONE, Don s.n. (lectotype, here designated: BM!, fragment of lectotype: K!). Heteropterys africana var. borealis f. senegalensis Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konigl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 55. 1903.—Type: [Guinea]. “Senegambié. Croit dans les partis supérieurs du rio Nufiez et du rio Pongos,” Heudelot 892 (holotype: B, destroyed; isotypes: G! K! P-JU: microfiche of P-JU isotype: MICH!). Heteropterys africana var. australis Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konig]. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 55. 1903.—TypE: CAMEROON. Bipindi, 1896, Zen- ker 1107 (lectotype, here designated: MO!; isolectotypes: G! K!). Fags, 2,3, Liana, scandent or climbing shrub to 10 m, sometimes a shrub to 6 m, or rarely a small tree. Lamina of the larger leaves 10-37.5 cm long, 3.5—19.7 cm wide, coriaceous, oblong, elliptical, lanceolate, ovate, or oblanceolate, apex short- to long-acuminate or rarely caudate, base rounded to subcordate, adaxially sparsely sericeous when young, soon glabrous or with a few hairs retained on and near the costa, abaxially sparsely sericeous or sometimes glabrate or rarely glabrous, the hairs 0.1-0.3 (-0.5) mm long, the abaxial epidermis minutely blistered or papillate (always papillate in African specimens), the papillae up to 0.03 mm long, with scattered small impressed glands near the margin abaxially; petioles 0.5-1.8 cm long; stipules minute and caducous, 0.2-0.3 mm long, or absent (?). Inflorescence a panicle of pseudoracemes (5—) 6-18 (-30) cm long, usually only 2 (or sometimes 4) opposing flowers of a pseudoraceme fully open at one time. During anthesis peduncles 1.5—5 (-6) mm long, pedicels (1—-) 26.5 mm long, peduncles (0.3-) 0.5- 1.4 (2) times as long as pedicels; peduncles and pedicels thickening/elongating as the fruits mature. Bracts 3-9 mm long, 1.5—4 (-5) mm wide, narrowly elliptical, elliptical, lanceolate, or ovate, with 1-5 tiny glands along each margin; bracteoles 2.3-5 (-6.5) mm long, 1.5~2.5 (-3.5) mm wide, elliptical to sometimes suborbicu- lar, eglandular. Calyx of 4 biglandular lateral sepals and 1 eglandular anterior sepal; sepals 2.5-4 mm long, recurved to revolute, the lateral ones exceeding the glands by ca. | mm. Petals 5, yellow or pale yellow, the limbs triangular to trian- gular-orbicular to orbicular with the margin erose or erose-fimbriate and the base truncate or sometimes cordate; posterior petal: claw 2.7-3.5 (-4.5) mm long, limb 3.5—4.5 (6.5) mm long, 3.5-4.5 (5.5) mm wide; lateral petals: claw 2.2-3 (-4) mm long, limb 4-6 (—7) mm long, 4-6.5 (-7) mm wide. Filaments (2-) 2.54.5 mm long, 2001 C. ANDERSON: HETEROPTERYS 43 unequal, those opposite the posterior petal and the anterior-lateral petals usually the shortest, anthers 0.8-1.1 mm long, with apical and basal tufts of hairs or the hairs very sparse, sometimes glabrous (always glabrous in African specimens). Anterior style (2.3-) 2.6-4.5 (-5.2) mm long, posterior styles 2.6-5 (-5.5) mm long, all with the apex dorsally extended, commonly with a dorsiventrally flat- tened claw (0.1—) 0.3-0.5 (-0.6) mm long or sometimes only spurred. Samaras 3-6 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, ca. 1-1.5 times as long as wide, with a flabellate dorsal wing, the wing extending or not below the nut, the locule embedded in aerenchyma, embryo 1.3-2.3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, ovoid, the cotyledons straight or rarely slightly folded. Chromosome number: 2n = 20 (Mangenot & Mangenot 1962). Phenology. Collected in flower and fruit throughout the year. Distribution. In the Old World in coastal West Africa, from Senegal to Angola; in the New World mostly in the Atlantic coastal regions from Belize to northern- most Brazil (Amapéd, Para), or sometimes also farther inland, also in Colombia (Chocé, Valle); rare in Jamaica (3 records); one doubtful report from Puerto Rico; in riverine vegetation, swamps, wet and flooded forest, rainforest, wet areas of beaches, mangroves, and at edges of lagoons; sea level to 200 (450) m REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. Feige Basse-Casamance, Etomé, Vanden Berghen 7831 (MO). Guinea. Timbo, Boué 71 (G, NY). Sao Tomé e Principe. Porto Allegre, Chevalier 14197 (K). Sierra Leone. Near Nyala, Deion 1753 (BM, K, MO); Boujema near Njala, Deighton 4635 (K); Goderich, ee 4752 (K); Waterloo, Lane- Poole 266 (K). Liberia. Robertsfield, Adam 21349 (MO); Sino Co., Greenville, te 1155 56 (K NY); 3 mi NE of Suacoco, Gbarnga, Daniel & Barker 209 (MO); near Haindi, 40 km N of ee anmeae & eine 4972 (K, MO): Monrovia, Massey 77 (NY). Ivory Coast. Along Ebrie Lagoon near ORSTOM, W of Abidjan, de Wilde ee (K); Adiopodoumé, 05°20'N, 04°09'W, Geerling & een 337 (MO); near Canal d’Assini, E of Grand Bassam, Oldeman 148 (K, MO); near Bonoua, 15 km NE of Grand Bassam Versteegh & de Outer 634 (MO). Ghana. Asuboni River, near ee Hall & Agyakwa GC39670 (MO); Princes, Akpabla 7798 (K). Nigeria. Cross River: Oban Dist., Talbot & Talbot s.n. (BM, K).—Lacos: gin forest S of Lagos University campus, Hossain 1441 (MO); Lagos, Miller 160 (K).—Onpo: Dist. Ondo, Agbabu, Okafor & Latilo FHI57277 (K, MO).—Rrvers: Dist. Nembe, between Nembe and Brass, Gbile & Daramola 54/80 (MO). Cameroon. Littoral province, Wouri district, Dibamba River bridge on road from Douala to Yaondé, 03°59.98'N, 09°50.68'E, Davis 99-5 (MICH); bank of Nyong River, ca. 65 km SSW of Eséka, de Wilde 2746b (K, MOQ); right bank of Lobé River, 8 km S$ of Kribi, Leeuwenberg 5562 (MO); 22 km SW of Douala, right bank of Dibamba River, Leeuwenberg 6447 (K, MO); Buea-Douala, bank of Mana (Ndian) River, 04°55'N, 08°50'E, Thomas 2159 (MO); Dept. Fako, Bakingili, 04°04'N, 09°02'E, Thompson 1329 (K, MICH, MO, NY) uatorial Guinea. Bioco, Malabo—Luba, Km 33, camino del patio Maria Isabel, Carvalho 2986 (K, TO Bioco, Ela Nguema, barrio de Santa Cruz, Carvalho 3425 (K, MO), 34/5 (BM, G). Gabon. Moka Creek, E of Mondah river, 00°39'N, 09°28'E, Bos et al. 10809 (K, oe ee de Egolani, sur le lac Oghémoné, Chevalier 26456 (K); Libreville, Klaine 3338 (K); Prov. Woleu- Ntem, descente sur le Ntem a partir de Evela, 02°03'N, 12°15'E, Louis 2906 (MO); Xalibé, 00°33'N, 09°22'E, Reitsma 2467 (NY); Lopé Doe Ogoove, 00°15'N, 11°40'E, White 1226 (MO). Angola. Sumba, Peco, Gossweiler 9120 (BM, K, US). ee Ri co. [?; doubtful seed unknown collector, Herb. Ventenat (G). Jamaica. St. ELiza- BETH: een ae ee border of Black River, Britton 1484 (NY); banks of Black River, Lacovia, Harris 9753 (B NY); ape: 3 Lacovia to Elam, Harris 9850 (BM, K). Trinidad. Pt. Coco r Irois, eee 8477 (K,N Guatemala. IZABAL: near ee Barrios, Standley 73169 (US). Belize. ToLEDo: Rio Sarstoon, Belize-Guatemala border, 5 mi inland, Dwyer 14874 (MICH, MO); Rio Grande, Gentle 4687 (MICH, MO). Honduras. ATLANTIDA: Triunfo, near tae Standley 53779 (A, US).—Co on: Laguna Guaimoreto, 4.5 mi NE of Trujillo on old rd to Castilla, 15°57'30"N, 85°54'30"W, Saunders 916 (NY).—GRACIAS A Dios: Barra Platano, 15°53'N, 84°42'W, Fryxell 2836 (BM, MICH, NY); vicinity of Puerto Lempira, Proctor 38925 (BM); Klauban, W de Brus, Vargas et al. 355 (NY). Nicaragua. ZeELAYA: Bluefields, Long 210 (F); Monkey Point, 11°36'N, 83°39'W, Moreno & Sandino 12141 (MO); between Lamblaya and Laguna Kauropura, Vincelli 673 (MICH). Costa Rica. Limon: CanténTalamanca, P. N. Cahuita, cerca de la Punta Cahuita, 09°44'N, 82°49'W, Morales 4936 (CR); Parque Tortuguero, 600 m al SE de 44 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Tortuguero sobre el Rio, 10°31'N, 83°30'W, Robles 1430 (MICH, MO). Panama. Bocas DEL Toro: Laguna de Chiriqui, Nuri, 15 km W de Punta Cricamola, 08°55'N, 81°49! _ Foster 14633 (F); vicinity of Chiriqut Lagoon, Old Bank Island, von Wedel 2027 (GH, MO, US).—San Bias: trail to village of Cangandi, 09°24'N, 79°24'W, de Nevers et al. 7427 (MICH, MO); along ee between Mandinga and Cangandi, Duke 14724 (MO, U Colombia. Cuoco: along Rio Truando between Riosucio and Esperanza, Duke 9/32 (NY); hoya del Rio San Juan, Rio Fujiad6, afluente del Rio San Juan, 04°36'N, 76°54'W, Forero et al. 4794 (MO); area of Baudo, ca. 13 km upstream from estuary, Fuchs & Zanella 21748 (G, MO, NY); Mpio. Quibdo, carretera Quibdé-Yuto, Rio Cabi, Garcia Cossio 70 (MO); Rio El Salto, tributary of Rio Suruco, 9 km W of Andagoya, Lellinger & de la Sota 440 (US); Istmo de San Pablo, Triana 388 (G.K, NY).—Vatte: Mpio. Buenaventura, Corr. Bocas del Tigre, quebrada Mondo oya, Cuadros V. 943 MO); R eet eae Cuatrecasas 15899 15936 (US). Venezuela. Dera AMAcuRO: Winiquina, gs he 1015 (NY); Rio Cuyubini, upstream from Casa Cuyubini, Sani 87498 (MICH, MO, NY, US); sacs Antonia Diaz, Cafio Joba—Suburu, W of Caio ae and E of Cano Sacupana, ate W, 61°00'W, Steyermark et al. 115137 (MICH, MO). Guyana. Mt. Everard, de la Cruz 1327 (NY, US); Upper Rupununi River, near Dadanawa, 02°45'N, de a: Be 1414, 1462 (MO, NY, US); vicinity of Wismar, pene gi River, 06°N, de la Cruz 2422 (MO, NY): Kaieteur Falls, Potaro River, de la Cruz 4491 (MO, NY, US); Mabura Hill area, just before bridge to base camp at Ekuk, kk & Nathan 1140 (MICH); Kamuni Creek, Groete Creek, Essequibo River, Fanshawe 531 (NY); Pome- roon-Supenaam Region, Pomeroon River between Charity and Araplako River, 07°23'N, 58°36'W, Gillespie 1203 (MICH, US); vicinity of Kartabo Station, junction of Mazaruni and Cuyuni Rivers, Graham (NY, US); Region Upper Demerara-Berbice, Essequibo River, 2-4 km from Bartica. 06°25'N, 58°35'W, Henkel (MICH, US): Region Essequibo Islands-West Demerara, Groet River aie 2757 (MICH, NY, US); Region Barina-Waini, Upper Sebai River, 8 km from Sebai village, O7°SI'N, 59°17'W, Hetinan 660 (MICH, NY, US). Suriname. Without locality, Hostmann 531, 895, 1030 (K); vicinity of Paramaribo, Kramer & Hekking 2540 (NY); along Kabo Creek, Tibiti savanne, Lanjouw & pee 1917 (K, NY); along bank of Wayombo River, Lindeman 6261 (US); Wilhelmina Gebergte, Zuid River, between Kayser airstrip and confluence of Lucie River, Me aguire et al. 54020 (NY, US). French Guiana. Vicinity of Cayenne, Broadway 937 (K, NY); Crique Iracoumpapy, Cremers & Hoff 11239 (US); route de Saint Elie avant d’arriver au villa age, de Granville B.512] (MICH); Km 19, piste de St. Elie, Prévost 588 (MICH, NY); Mana, Menon, 57 (MICH); Karouany, Sagot 93 (G, K); ple Wachenheim 120 (K, US). Brazil. AMApA: Rio Oiapoque, near Santo Antonio, 03°53'N, 51°48'W, Maguire et al. 47120 (K, NY, US).—Para: quik woods of 1.A.N., Belém, Archer 8305 (NY): oh Guama, Froes 20434 (K): estrada Belém— —Mosqueiro, Silva 59708 (K, MICH, Nae IIha do Maraj6, Rio Anajas, ca. 2 km downstream from the city of Anajas, Sobel et al. 4795 (K, MICH, NY). Heteropterys platyptera DC., Prodr. 1: 592. 1824.—Typr:; GuapELoupr, Krauss s.n. (holotype: G-DC, photo and microfiche: MICH!). Banisteria longifolia Sw., Prodr. 75. 1788. Heteropterys longifolia (Sw.) Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Kénigl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 53. 1903, non feteropterys longifolia H. B. K., 1822 [*1821”]. Heteropterys longifolia var. martinicensis Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Kénigl. Lyceum Hosianum Braunsberg 2: 54. 1903, nom. superfl. Heteropterys platyptera var. martin- icensis (Nied.) J. F. Macbride, Candollea 6: 12. 1934, nom. superfl.—T ype: GUADELOUPE. Swartz s.n. (lectotype, here designated: S, the sheet bearing the branchlet with leaves and inflorescences: isolectotype: S, the sheet bearing a partial leaf and packet containing ee of inflorescences; hotocopies of lectotype and isolectotype: MI Banisteria macrocarpa Pers., Syn. pl. 1: 507. 1805, non a macrocarpa (Nied.) Kralik, 1908. —Ty YPE: MARTINIQUE, 1792, Terrasson 31 (holotype: P-JU 11628+C, photo: A!, microfiche: MICH!). Banisteria macradena 3 guadalupensis DC., Prodr. 1: 590. 1824.—Type: GUADE- LoUPE, Bertero s.n. (holotype: G-DC, photo and microfiche: MICH!). Banisteria pubiflora DC., Prodr. 1: 591. 1824. Heteropterys pubiflora (DC) Bello, Anales Soc. Esp. Hist. Nat. 10: 245. 1881.—Typre: GUADELOUPE, 2001 C. ANDERSON: HETEROPTERYS 45 L’Herminier s.n. (lectotype, here designated: G-DC, photo and micro- fiche: MICH!). Heteropterys longifolia var. borealis Nied., Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Konig]. Lyceum osianum Braunsberg 2: 53. 1903. Heteropterys Cm var. borealis (Nied.) J. F. Macbride, Candollea 6: 12. 1934.—Type: Dominica. Imray 405 (lectotype, designated by W. R. Anderson, 1988: GH), Fig. 1. Liana, scandent or climbing shrub to 10 m, sometimes a shrub to 5 m, or rarely a small tree. Lamina of the larger leaves 8-33 cm long, 3.5-15 cm wide, coriaceous, oblong, elliptical, lanceolate, or ovate, apex (long-) acuminate to cau- date, base rounded to subcordate, adaxially sparsely sericeous when young, soon glabrous or with a few hairs retained on and near the costa, abaxially sparsely sericeous to glabrate or glabrous, the hairs 0.1-0.3 mm long, the abaxial epidermis minutely blistered but epapillate, with scattered small impressed glands near the margin abaxially; petioles 0.8-1.7 cm long; stipules minute and caducous, 0.2-0.3 mm long, or absent (?). Inflorescence a panicle of pseudoracemes (5—) 6-22 cm long, usually only 2 (or sometimes 4) opposing flowers of a pseudoraceme fully open at one time. During anthesis peduncles 1.5—4.6 (-6) mm long, pedicels 1.7— 4.5 mm long, peduncles 0.6-1.2 (-2) times as long as pedicels; peduncles and pedicels thickening/elongating as the fruits mature. Bracts 34.5 mm long, 2-3 (-4) mm wide, narrowly elliptical to ovate, eglandular; bracteoles 2.4-3.8 (-5) mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, elliptical to ovate, eglandular. Calyx of 4 biglandular lateral sepals and | eglandular anterior sepal; sepals 3-3.3 mm long, recurved to revolute, the lateral ones exceeding the glands by ca. 1 mm. Petals 5, yellow or pale yellow, the limbs triangular to triangular-orbicular with the margin erose or erose-fimbri- ate and the base truncate; claw of posterior petal 3-3.3 mm long, claw of lateral petals 2.5-3 mm long; limb of all petals 44.6 mm long, 44.8 mm wide. Filaments 2.2-3.5 mm long, unequal, those opposite the posterior petal and the anterior- lateral petals usually the shortest, anthers 0.8-1 mm long, mostly with apical and basal tufts of hairs, or the hairs very sparse or sometimes absent. Anterior style 2.6-3.2 mm long, posterior styles 3.1-3.5 mm long, all with the apex dorsally blunt or with a tiny spur up to 0.1 (-0.2) mm long. Samara with an elongate dorsal wing 5.8-7 cm long, 2.5-2.7 cm wide, 2.2-2.8 times as long as wide, never extending below the nut, the locule embedded in aerenchyma; embryo 1.4—1.8 cm long, I-1.2 cm wide, ovoid, the cotyledons straight or rarely slightly folded. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower and fruit from December through August. Distribution. Lesser Antilles (Guadeloupe, Dominica, Martinique, St. Lucia, and St. Vincent); mostly in wet and flooded areas: in rain forest, swamps, and along riverbanks, also in drier sites: in forests, woodlands, ravines, and disturbed areas; sea level to 400 (-580) m REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. Guadeloupe. Basse TERRE: Baré-Mahault, Questel 741 (MICH, US); Vernou, Grand Riviére, Questel 5047 (US); Sofaia, Rivitre Salée, Sastre 2746 (A, MO); near Duclos, Petit Bourg, A. C. Smith 10358 (A, K, NY, US). Dominica. Between Point Lolo and Pont Cassé, NW of Moren Trois Pitons, Ernst 1289 (GH, MICH, US); W of Rosalie, ca. 1-2 mi on rd to Castle Bruce Junction and Pont Cassé, Ernst 1352 (US); without locality, Fishlock 23a (NY, US); old trail from Petite Savane to Point Mulatre, 15°15'N, 61°16'W, Hill 25747 (GH, NY); Sylvania Estate, Hodge 551 (GH, NY, US); Wet Area Experimental Station near D’Eau Gommier, Nicolson 4180 (BM, MICH, US). Martinique. Champ Flore area, Howard & Howard 18845 (A, BM, NY, US); 46 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 without locality, 1787, /sert s.n. (C); hauteurs du Diamant, Stehlé & Stehlé 4790 (US): plateau mili- taire, hauteurs de Case-Pilote, Bois de la Démarche, Stehlé & Stehlé 4802 (US); St. Joseph, Petite Riviere, Stehlé & Stehlé 6444 (US); Balata a _ Stehlé & Stehlé 6888 (MICH, US). St. Lucia. Anse la Raye, Beard 1055 (GH, MO, US); Le Toc to Cul de Sae Bay, Howard 11368 ie BM, MICH NY); between Quilesse and Morne Troumasse, a 11649 (A, BM, MICH, NY): Morne, Sturrock 530 (A). St. Vineent. Along Chateaubelaire River, Morton 5237 (BM, GH, US); without ieee Al. A. Smith & G. W. Smith 1549 (BM, GH, K, NY, US). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I thank William R. Anderson for his advice and comments. I am much indebted to Roger Ludin (S) and Peter A. Schafer (MPU) for their generous help and patience in my search for the types of Banisteria longifolia and Banisteria leona. Several people helped me to trace types and literature, and to sort out nomenclatural problems; I am especially grateful to R. K. Brummitt (K) and also thank Piero Cuccuini (FI), Nigel Hepper (K), sree Jacquemoud (G), Gordon McPherson (MO), and Olof Ryding (C) for their assistance. Charles C. Davis collected specimens in Cameroon, and John H. Beaman verified label data for some se at K. David Bay photographed the samaras. I thank the curators of the following herbaria for making their collections available for my study: A, BM, C, CR, F, G, GH, K, MICH, MO; NY, US LITERATURE CITED Adams, C. D. 1972. Flowering plants of Jamaica. Mona: University of the West Indies. Anderson, C. 1997, Monograph of pia aae (Malpighiaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 51: 1- Anderson, W. R. 1988. Malpighiaceae. In Flora of the Lesser Antilles by R. A. Howard, 4: a ae wees Plain: Arnold Arboretum, aad University 1993. Chromosome numbers of neotropical Malpighiaceae. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 341-3 Cavanilles, A. J. 1790. Nona dissertatio botanica. Madrid: Typographia regia. Candolle, A. P. de. 1824. Prodromus systematis naturals regni vegetabilis, vol. 1. Paris: Treuttel et Wurtz. Exell, a W. 1944. Catalogue of the vascular plants of $. Tomé. London: The Trustees of the British as na 1858. Malpighiaceae. In Flora brasiliensis by K. F. P. von Martius, 12(1): 1-123. Leipzig: F. Fleischer. Humboldt, fr. W.H. A., A. J. A. Bonpland, and C. S. Kunth. 1822 [*1821”]. Heteropteris. oa te genera et species plantarum by F. W. H. A. Humboldt, A. J. A. Bonpland, and C. S. th,25: 163-167. Paris. sagen B. P. G. 1910. Critial notes on new or little known species i the Herbarium of the York Botanical Garden. Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 6(21): 262-29 Hooker, "i D. 1849. Malpighiaceae. In Niger Flora, ed. W. J. Hooker, 244— ee London: Hippolyte aillie Jussieu, Ad on 1840. Malpighiacearum synopsis. Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 2, 13: 247-291, 321-338. . 1843. Monographie des malpigiacées. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 3: 5-151, 255-626, t. 1-23. Kralik, C. 1908. Malpighiaceae. Denkschr. Kaiserl. Akad. Wiss., Math.-Naturwiss. KI. 79: se 200% Liogier, A. H., and L. F. Martorell. 1982. Flora of Puerto he and adjacent islands: a systematic SYNOPSIS. =e Piedras: Editorial de la Universidad de Puerto Rico eee S., and G. Mangenot. 1962. Enquéte sur les sen ee chromosomiques dans une collection d’especés tropicales. Rev. Cyt. Biol. Vég. 25: 411-447. Seacar F. 1903. De genere Heteropteryge. Arbeiten Bot. Inst. Kénigl. Lyceum Hosianum Brauns- erg 2: 3-56. 1912. Sse Malpighiaceae americanae. Verzeichnis Vorles. Akad. K6nigl. Brauns- bei W: -S. —1913: 4-12 ——. 1928. “Maines. fi Das Pflanzenreich, ed. A. Engler, 1V. 141: 1-870. Leipzig: Wilhelm Bageln Im Persoon, C. 7 ies. Synopsis plantarum seu enchiridum botanicum, vol. 1. Paris: Cramer: Tiibingen: Otta. 2001 C. ANDERSON: HETEROPTERYS 47 Poiret, J. L. M. 1816. aes reticulata. In Encyclopédie méthodique. Botanique by J. B. A. P. M. Lamarck, Suppl. 4: 8. P Stahl, A. 1936. Estudios ce fn flora de Puerto Rico, 2d ed., 1: 1-165. San Juan, P. R.: Publicaciones de la Federal Emergency Relief Adminstratio Swartz, O. 1788. Nova genera & species plantarum CU Re OnTa) Stockholm, Uppsala, Abo [Turku]: M. Swederus. . 1797. Flora Indiae occidentalis, vol. 1. Erlangen: J. J. Palm. Urban, I. 1905-1911. Flora portoricensis. In Symbolae Antillanae by I. Urban, 4: 1-771. Leipzig: Gebriider Borntraeger; Paris: Paul Klincksieck; London: Williams & Norgate oo eee eee ene ee en 7 a Oo a OO a a ae Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 49-52. 2001. PEIXOTOA FLORIBUNDA (MALPIGHIACEAE), A NEW SPECIES FROM PARAGUAY Christiane Anderson University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 Asstract. A new species of Peixotoa (Malpighiaceae) from eastern Paraguay, P. floribunda C. Anderson, is described and illustrated. Peixotoa Adr. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) is a genus of vines and shrubs character- ized by distinctive, heart-shaped stipules; flowers with large, yellow, often fringed petals; and samaras with an elongate dorsal wing and two lateral winglets (Anderson 1982). Its range extends over much of Brazil south of the Amazon region and into adjacent Bolivia and Paraguay. The inflorescence units are 4-flowered umbels, which are usually arranged in compound dichasia or thyrses. In some species the secondary and tertiary inflorescence axes are suppressed at more distal nodes, such that the umbel is sessile in the leaf axil; the terminal node then bears 3 umbels and thus is 12-flowered. Recent collecting activity in eastern Paraguay yielded an additional species, here described, in which the inflorescence is so modified. The genus now comprises 29 species. Much of the range of Peixotoa is still only poorly known floristically, and more undescribed species may yet be discovered. Peixotoa floribunda C. Anderson, sp. nov.—Type: PARAGUAY. Alto Paraguay: Parque Nacional Defensores del Chaco, Agua Dulce area, 19°58'49'S, 59°44'25"W, 14 Feb 1999, Zardini & Godoy 50346 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: MO!). Fig. | Frutex scandens. Stipulae 4-7 mm longae et latae, acutae, caducae. Petioli 3-8 mm longi, dense velutino-tomentosi. Laminae 6-11 cm longae, 4.5—7 cm latae, late ellipticae vel ovatae, supra velutinae, subtus tomentosae, basi juxta costam biglan- dulosae. Inflorescentia terminalis vel axillaris, ramis secundariis nodorum distal- iorum multum redactis; umbellis 2 in nodis subterminalibus, umbellis 3 in nodis terminalibus, pedunculis secundariis ca. 2 mm longis vel absentibus. Bracteae bracteolaeque praesentes. Pedicelli 9-12 mm longi. Limbus petalorum lateralium 9-10.5 mm longus, 8.5-9.5 mm latus, late obovatus vel suborbicularis, margine lacerato-glanduloso. Limbus petali postici ca. 5.5 mm longus, ca. 5 mm latus, late obovatus vel suborbicularis, margine dentato, glandulis capitatis ornato. Glandulae stamiodiorum apice et pagina abaxiali laeves. Styli subaequales, 3.5-3.7 mm longi, anticus parum inclinatus versus petalum posticum, postici divergentes. Samara ignota. Scandent shrub ca. 1.5 m tall. Vegetative branches velutinous-tomentose when young, eventually becoming glabrous, the vesture of all structures white. Stem stipules 4-7 mm long and wide, cordate-triangular, entire, the apex acute, adaxially finely velutinous-tomentose in the distal 1/2—2/3 and in a band along the margin 49 50 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 (> vA ay) AAA, ae 80 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 of principal lateral veins prominulous above, prominent below; petiole 13-17 mm long, sparsely sericeous to glabrate at maturity, eglandular: stipules not seen. Inflorescences terminal and axillary, persistently light-brown-sericeous or patchily glabrescent, branched, the flowers ultimately borne in 4-flowered umbels; florifer- ous bracts 7-8 mm long, ca. 6 mm wide, broadly elliptical, broadly rounded at apex and deeply concave, eglandular, abaxially densely light-brown-sericeous or patchily glabrescent and with the midrib slightly raised, adaxially glabrous, persis- tent through flowering, deciduous in fruit; peduncle 11-12 mm long in flower, thickened and slightly elongated in fruit, light-brown-sericeous; bracteoles 9-12 mm long, 9-11 mm wide, broadly elliptical and deeply concave to hemispherical, broadly rounded at apex and often tearing down the middle in age, eglandular, abaxially densely light-brown- or brown-sericeous and with the midrib raised, adaxially glabrous, persistent past maturity of fruit; pedicel ca. 1.3 mm long in flower, ca. 2.5 mm long in fruit, hirsute with the whitish or stramineous hairs appressed. Sepals 1-2 (-2.4) mm long beyond glands, 1-1.1 mm wide, spatulate, erect in anthesis, flat or slightly concave, abaxially densely appressed-hirsute except toward margins and apex with the hairs whitish or stramineous, stiff, and straight, adaxially glabrous, the anterior eglandular, the lateral 4 biglandular with the glands 7-9 mm long, I-1.5 mm wide, obovate, compressed but not at all connate. Petals yellow, smooth (not crumpled), fimbriate all around margin, the fimbriae slightly glandular-thickened, especially on posterior petal; lateral petals abaxially white- sericeous in center with the hairs + straight, very fine, strongly appressed, the claw 1-2 mm long, the limb 7-9 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, obovate, the anterior pair larger and longer-clawed than the posterior pair; posterior petal glabrous, the claw 3.3 mm long, thick, constricted at apex, the limb 5-6 mm in diameter, orbicu- lar and deeply auriculate at base with the lobes overlapping abaxially (behind the claw). Filaments glabrous, connate in the basal 1-1.5 mm, erect and straight or reflexed distally, strongly heteromorphic, 2.5-3.5 long, shortest Opposite anterior- lateral and posterior petals, longest opposite sepals, almost as long opposite 2 posterior-lateral petals and 0.7 mm wide, much wider than all others; anthers with the connective abaxially dark red proximally and yellow distally, heteromorphic: 5 opposite sepals 1.7-2 mm long, densely hirsute on locules, the connective extend- ed well beyond locules; 5 opposite petals bearing tufts of only a few hairs at base or base and apex and otherwise glabrous, the locules not exceeded by connective, the 3 opposite anterior-lateral and posterior petals 1-1.2 mm long, the 2 opposite posterior-lateral petals 1.5-1.8 mm long. Ovary 1.5 mm high, densely sericeous: styles nearly terete, straight, erect to divergent, the anterior ca. 2 mm long and sericeous on proximal half, the posterior 2 ca. 2.5 mm long, stouter than anterior, sericeous only at base, all 3 obtusely rounded at apex with the stigma apparently narrowly elliptical on the internal angle. Samara circular or somewhat oblate, 67— 90 mm wide, 55-80 mm high, finely and tightly brown-sericeous with the very short hairs much denser on nut than wings; lateral wing 30-37 mm wide, continu- ous at base, deeply incised at apex to where both lobes fuse with central dorsal winglet, membranous, nearly flat except near nut, entire or repand at margin, the lobes overlapping; central dorsal winglet 8-10 mm wide, 25 mm high, roughly semicircular, often repand, flat; 2 lateral dorsal winglets parallel to central dorsal winglet, generally like it and almost as large, connected to lateral wing by a mass of irregular ruffles overlying aerenchyma; nut outside lateral wing without ribs or winglets, the ventral areole 11-12 mm high, 4.5 mm wide, narrowly ovate, bor- dered by 2 ribs that usually remain on samara. 2001 W.R. ANDERSON: MALPIGHIACEAE 81 ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Peru. MAynas: Iquitos, Nina rumi, bosque primario, suelos con un poco de arena blanca, 3°48'S, 73°25'W, 122 m, 4 Feb 1988 fr, Vasquez & Jaramillo 10429 (MICH). The epithet of Mezia russellii honors the memory of my son, Russell William Anderson (1972-1999). It is known only from the two collections cited above, and the flowers on the holotype are few and damaged by insects. Nevertheless, the species is very distinctive. Its short flat sepals with straight whitish hairs are unique in the genus; other species have the sepals 2—4 times as long, abaxially reddish- or brown-tomentose, and often revolute along the sides. Other diagnositic character- istics are the large, persistent bracts, the smooth and fimbriate lateral petals, the auriculate-based posterior petal with the lobes overlapping behind the claw, the very thick filaments opposite the posterior-lateral petals, the densely hairy locules of the anthers opposite the sepals, and the straight obtuse styles with elongated internal stigmas. The straight styles and glabrous leaves suggest that the closest relatives to M. russellii are to be sought in M. includens (Benth.) Cuatrec. sens. lat. and M. curranii W. R. Anderson, but both differ in most of the characters given above. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The illustrations come from the pens of Karin Douthit and Amanda Humphrey. Specimens were sent as gifts or loans by the curators of the following herbaria: AAU, BM, CAS, CR, DUKE, ENCB, F, G, GB, GH, INB, K, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, PORT, S, SEL, TEX, UC, US, VEN, WIS, and XAL. I am grateful to Barry Hammel for his hospitality during my visit to Costa Rica in 2000, and as always to Christiane Anderson for her helpful comments on the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Anderson, W. R. 2001a. Malpighiaceae. In Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, ed. P. E. Berry, K. Yatskievych, and B. K. Holst, 6: 82-185. St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden Press. 2001b. Malpighiaceae. In Flora de Nicaragua, ed. W. D. Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool, and M. Montiel. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(2): 1256-1293. Cuatrecasas, J., and T. B. Croat. 1981 [1980”]. Malpighiaceae. In Flora of Panama—Part VI, Family 93. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 67: 851-945. : 7 a = 7 - ae Oo 7 : 7 5 sc? - a : | | a — oe : _ : oe 7 - _ a a Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 83-105. 2001. MONOGRAPH OF LOPHOPTERYS (MALPIGHIACEAE) William R. Anderson University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 Charles C. Davis Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard University Herbaria 22 Divinity Avenue Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Asstract. Lophopterys Adr. Juss. is a South American genus of ene comprising seven species, two of which are described here as new (L. floribunda W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis and L. occidentalis W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis). The taxonomic history, Se circumscrip- tion, and systematic position of the genus are discussed, with the conclusion that while the genus is coherent and easily recognized, its relationships in the family are still somewhat obscure. The taxonomy is revised with descriptions, keys, and notes on phenology, habitat, and distribution, and all specimens studied are cited. Illustrations include a distribution map, SEMs of pollen from two species, and drawings of six specie INTRODUCTION Lophopterys is a small South American genus of Malpighiaceae, which as recently as 1951 seemed to be wholly restricted to the Guianas. We now know that the genus is widespread (Fig. 1), with collections known not only from the Guianas, but also from Amazonian Venezuela, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil, and from extra-Amazonian southeastern Brazil. Our purpose in this paper is to review the history, circumscription, and possible relationships of the genus, and to offer a taxonomic revision of the known species. TAXONOMIC HISTORY The genus Lophopterys was described by Adrien de Jussieu (1838) on the basis of a fruiting collection by Poiteau from somewhere in French Guiana, which Jussieu called Lophopterys splendens. The generic name means “crest-wing” and refers to the fact that each mericarp in the type species bears only a dorsal crest (see Fig. 7g). The specific epithet, meaning shining or brilliant, undoubtedly referred to the persistently metallic-sericeous abaxial leaf surface. Jussieu noted the fact that each of the four lateral sepals bore one large gland, instead of the paired glands found in most neotropical Malpighiaceae. When he published his mono- graph of the family in 1843, Jussieu gave a more complete description of the species and placed the genus in his tribe Banisterieae, which comprised genera with the dorsal wing dominant. He then went on to say that the affinity of the genus was doubtful, adding that it resembled several genera in some characters but other characters made all those relationships unlikely, and concluded with the curious suggestion that it was perhaps closest to Prerandra. 83 84 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 80° 70° 60° 50° 40° ] wy Z os : , Lophopterys oO euryptera 10° Oo 4 floribunda ope e inpana 4 * . o m occidentalis ‘ i ® peruviana o splendens © surinamensis - A 0 o e 0 . A 7 A A 10° ° fee A 20° 20° 80° 70° 60° 50° 40° FIG. 1. Distribution of Lophopterys. Niedenzu (1928) also placed Lophopterys among the neotropical genera with the dorsal wing dominant, in his subtribe Banisteriinae. The only material he saw was the Poiteau type, to which he gave the superfluous name L. splendens var. oblanceolata Nied., and two flowering collections from British Guiana [now Guy- ana] of what he called L. splendens var. obovata Nied. In 1935 Kostermans described as the new genus Dolichopterys a species from Suriname, to which he gave the name D. surinamensis Kosterm. His material resembled Lophopterys splendens in most respects, but each mericarp of its fruit bore, in addition to the dorsal wing, two long narrow lateral wings toward the apex of the nut (Fig. 8b). Kostermans suggested that Dolichopterys [the name means “long-wing”] evolved from an ancestor in Tetrapterys or Triopterys that lost the lower lateral wing(s) found in those genera, and that Lophopterys was in turn derived from Dolichopterys through loss of the upper lateral wings, with only the dorsal crest retained. Sandwith (1951) described as Lophopterys euryptera the taxon of British Gui- ana that Niedenzu had treated as L. splendens var. obovata. Sandwith had fruits, which resembled those of Dolichopterys surinamensis, so he knew that Niedenzu’s assignment of the specimens from British Guiana to a variety of L. splendens was inappropriate. He argued that the fruit difference alone did not justify the recog- nition of two genera, so he proposed the combination L. surinamensis (Kosterm.) Sandwith. Thus, at that time the genus Lophopterys comprised three species, one endemic to each of the Guianas: L. euryptera in British Guiana, L. surinamensis in Suriname, and L. splendens in French Guiana. Sandwith discussed the possible 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 85 affinities of Lophopterys and generally supported Kostermans’s comparison with Tetrapterys spp. because of the long narrow lateral wings on the samara, but cautioned that in other characters Lophopterys was so unlike Tetrapterys that the relationship was by no means certain. In 1981 W. Anderson pointed out that Lophopterys euryptera occurs also in Venezuela, and provided a key to distinguish L. euryptera and L. surinamensis. Since then he has described two species from the interior of South America, L. inpana (1990b) and L. peruviana (1993). The present study adds descriptions of two new species and makes the first attempt to consider the genus as a whole since Sandwith’s 1951 paper. MORPHOLOGY, CIRCUMSCRIPTION, AND SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE GENUS The genus Lophopterys is unusually homogeneous in a whole suite of charac- ters that are traditionally important in the systematics of the Malpighiaceae. The plants are mostly woody vines of lowland forests, with persistently sericeous stems. The lamina is always densely and persistently sericeous on the abaxial surface, a feature known in other neotropical Malpighiaceae but not generally so conserved across an entire group of closely related species. There are either no glands on the lamina or at most two small glands on the margin near the base. Stipules are mostly absent, and only vestigial when present. The flowers are always borne in elongated pseudoracemes, although the branching of the inflorescence varies. In most characters the flowers fit the standard pattern found in the large majority of climbing neotropical Malpighiaceae (W. Anderson 1979)—yellow petals, ten sta- mens without strong differentiation of the anthers, three carpels with separate styles which are stigmatic on the internal angle—and thus are not very informa- tive about relationships of the genus. While the characters above, taken together, can help to identify the genus, they tell us relatively little about the position of the genus in the family. Below we shall discuss in more detail the calyx glands, pollen, and unique fruits, which one might reasonably expect to shed light on the origin and relationships of Lophopterys. The most noteworthy apomorphy of Lophopterys, aside from the distinctive fruit, is the usual presence on each of the four lateral sepals of one very large, radially lineate gland, presumably the result of the complete fusion of the paired abaxial glands found on the lateral sepals of most neotropical Malpighiaceae. Those calyx glands are a constant feature of Lophopterys; the only exception is the few populations of L. inpana that have lost the glands entirely. Therefore, it seems likely that the ancestor of the genus already had such glands, and if such a rare apomorphy were to be shared with other clades one would hope to have that tell us which are likely to be the closest sister genera. There are, in fact, two other genera of Amazonian Malpighiaceae in which such partial to complete fusion of the calyx glands is common. One is Jubelina Adr. Juss. in Deless. (W. Anderson 1990a, 2001); the other is Mezia Schwacke ex Nied. in Engl. & Prantl (W. Ander- son 2001). All but one species of Jubelina have the calyx glands consistently completely connate, while the species of Mezia vary from having all the glands distinct to having them partially to completely connate. Unfortunately, in neither Jubelina nor Mezia do other aspects of the morphology support a close relation- ship to Lophopterys. In both, characters of vesture, leaf glands, inflorescences, 86 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 styles, and fruits are so different from Lophopterys that we must conclude that the fusion of the calyx glands probably occurred independently in the three genera (as is suggested by the existence of species with distinct glands in both Jubelina and Mezia). The calyx glands, while a very useful generic character for Lophopterys, do not seem to reveal anything about its position in the family. The pollen of the Malpighiaceae falls into two broad classes, radially symmet- rical (with the ectoapertures oriented at right angles to the equator) and globally symmetrical (without identifiable equator or poles and the apertures variously oriented). Previous authors have suggested that radially symmetrical pollen is plesiomorphic in the family, on the basis of the common occurrence of similar pollen in other rosid families (e.g., Lowrie 1982; W. Anderson 1990c), and a recent molecular study (Davis et al., in press) has confirmed that globally sym- metrical pollen is derived in the family and evolved once. Lophopterys has the derived, globally symmetrical type of pollen, with 12 or more ectoapertures (rugae in the terminology of Lowrie) oriented more or less at right angles to each other, and typically with endoapertures (pores) associated with six of the rugae, but not necessarily in the center of the ruga and not in an obviously consistent pattern (Lowrie 1982; see our Fig. 2). Such pollen is what we would expect in Lophopterys, because almost all genera of wing-fruited vines have globally symmetrical pollen. However, Lowrie (1982, p. 120) stated that the specific characteristics of the pol- len of Lophopterys were not informative in assessing its relationships within that very large clade, and we have to agree. The pollen in this genus reinforces its placement among the many genera of neotropical vines with winged fruits, but is otherwise uninformative. With the exception of Lophopterys splendens, which is discussed separately below, the samaras are similar in all the species of Lophopterys. The nut is sphe- roidal; there is a large, inequilaterally trapezoidal dorsal wing with its greatest width toward the base of the nut; and there are two long, narrow lateral wings borne toward the apex of the nut and pointed upward (see, for example, Figs. 4¢ and 5g). The lateral wings are oriented at an angle of about 45-60° to the dorsal wing. The genus can be divided into a group of three species with large samaras (L. euryptera, L. peruviana, and L. surinamensis) and a group of three with small samaras (L. floribunda, L. inpana, and L. occidentalis), but except for size the samaras are qualitatively very much alike in all six species. That samara is unique in the family. The only genus with a samara resembling that of Lophopterys is Tetrapterys Cav., in which each samara bears four elongated lateral wings, with the upper two usually longer than the lower two. In some species of Tetrapterys the lower wings are much reduced, and in at least one (7. diptera Cuatrec., of Colombia) they are completely lost and the samara bears a strong superficial resemblance to that of Lophopterys. However, the single large calyx glands of Lophopterys are unknown in Tetrapterys, the dorsal wing, even when relatively large, never approaches the size or peculiar shape of that in Lophopterys, and in the group with fruits most like those of Lophopterys (section Tetrapterys) the inflorescence and stipules are wholly different. None of this rules out the possibil- ity that Lophopterys and Tetrapterys shared a common ancestor with long narrow lateral wings, but nothing in the morphology except the samara’s lateral wings supports that possibility. The type of the genus, Lophopterys splendens, has a mericarp that is quite different from the samaras of the other species. The lateral wings are absent, 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 87 FIG. 2. Pollen of Lophopterys. a. L. occidentalis (Maguire et al. 56702). b. L. inpana (Morawetz & Wallnéfer 13-10988). Scale = 10 um represented at most by ribs where they “should” be; the nut is ellipsoidal, not spheroidal; and the dorsal wing is a mere crest, rather than the large trapezoidal wing of the other species. The fruit is so different, in fact, that one can fairly ask whether we are correct to put them in the same genus; perhaps Kostermans was justified in erecting the genus Dolichopterys for the species with lateral wings. On the other hand, all the other characters of L. splendens—indument, inflorescence, calyx glands, androecium, and gynoecium—support a close relationship to the other species treated here, especially the species of the Guianas. We conclude that L. splendens is best treated with the group from which it very likely originated by reduction of the fruits, just as C. Anderson (1997) kept the segregate Brachypterys Adr. Juss. in Stigmaphyllon Adr. Juss. Two recent molecular studies (Cameron et al., in press, and Davis et al., in press) sequenced two different pairs of chloroplast genes from material represent- ing most of the genera of the Malpighiaceae to infer phylogenetic relationships within the family. Lophopterys was represented by L. floribunda, which was placed, but without significant support, as sister to a clade containing Malpighia, Mas- cagnia sens. str., Triopterys, and a group of Old World genera with lateral-winged samaras. There was no support in those trees for associating Lophopterys with Tetrapterys. The weak support for its placement as sister to the “malpighioids” suggests that Lophopterys may well move elsewhere in the family tree. Davis (unpublished) has recently assembled a phytochrome (PHYC) nuclear data set for the Malpighiaceae. The phytochrome gene family (PHYB) has been particu- larly informative within grasses (Mathews et al. 2000), resolving 67% of the nodes with bootstrap values of >91%. These data, when combined with the existing ndhF data set, resolve many of the relationships among the enigmatic wing-fruited taxa. In these analyses, Lophopterys is weakly placed as sister to Hiraea fagifolia (DC.) Adr. Juss. in a well-supported clade (i.e., 80% bootstrap) that also includes Mascagnia hippocrateoides (Triana & Planch.) Nied. and Mascagnia dipholiphylla (Small) Bullock. Placement with those taxa, all of which have a butterfly-shaped samara with two distinct lateral wings, seems much more reasonable than a putative relationship with Mascagnia sens. str. and its relatives, which have a single contin- uous lateral wing. This does not definitively resolve the problem of the position of Lophopterys among the neotropical wing-fruited clades, but 158 years after Jus- sieu first discussed the affinities of Lophopterys we are making significant progress toward solving the puzzle posed by this beautiful and distinctive little genus. 88 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 TAXONOMY Lophopterys Adr. Juss. in Deless., Icon. Sel. Pl. 3: 18. 1838.—Type: Lophopterys splendens Adr. Juss. Dolichopterys Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 32; 279. 1935.—Typr: Doli- chopterys surinamensis Kosterm. {[=Lophopterys surinamensis (Kosterm.) Sandwith]. Woody lianas or shrubs (or small trees’); stems densely, tightly, and persis- tently sericeous and often flattened or quadrangular when young, sometimes gla- brescent in later years and becoming terete through secondary growth. Leaves opposite or subopposite; lamina densely and persistently sericeous below, mostly eglandular, occasionally biglandular on margin at base; stipules absent or vestigial, Q.2—-0.5 mm long, borne on adaxial edges of petiole 1-2 mm above base. Inflores- cence paniculate, rarely simple, the flowers ultimately borne in pseudoracemes with the flowers proximally decussate but distally mostly in no regular order, sometimes decussate, sometimes in whorls of 3 or 4; bracts and bracteoles mostly eglandular and adaxially glabrous (except in some populations of L. inpana), the bracteoles borne at apex of peduncle when peduncle is developed. Flowers with pronounced bilateral symmetry. Sepals 5, abaxially sericeous or tomentose, adaxi- ally glabrous, the anterior sepal eglandular, the 4 lateral sepals usually each bear- ing a single, very large, circular or transversely elliptical, radially lineate abaxial gland. Petals 5, yellow, glabrous or only very sparsely sericeous abaxially; lateral petals reflexed; posterior petal with the claw erect and the limb erect to reflexed. Receptacle glabrous. Stamens 10; filaments glabrous, longer opposite sepals than petals, erect and nearly straight to reflexed distally; anthers + alike, the connective not enlarged distally, the locules parallel, linear, + membranous along edges; pollen globally symmetrical, with 12 or more non-equatorial, polyhedrally disposed rugae and typically 6 pores randomly associated with some of the rugae. Ovary of 3 distinct carpels, | anterior and 2 posterior, all fertile, 1-1.5 mm high, densely sericeous; styles 3, stout, the anterior shorter than the posterior 2, the stigmas large, borne on internal angle of apex. Fruit breaking apart into 3 samaras borne ona short pyramidal torus, each bearing a relatively short, inequilaterally trapezoidal or flabellate dorsal wing with its greatest width toward base of nut and 2 long, narrow, forward-pointing lateral wings 3 or more times as long as wide (excep, splendens, which has a narrow dorsal crest and the lateral wings reduced to ridges or lost). Embryo spheroidal, with one cotyledon folded upward distally around the other, the inner cotyledon often also folded back on itself distally. The measurements given below for the dorsal wing of the samara follow the convention used by W. Anderson in 1981 (p. 26), with “width” denoting the distance from the nut to the farthest margin and “height” the maximum measure- ment at right angles to the width. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LOPHOPTERYS, FOR SPECIMENS WITH FLOWERS 1. Anther locules pilose with obvious spreading hairs. 2. Peduncle 0.5-2.5 (-3) mm long; pedicel 2-4 mm long; hairs brown or dark brown throughout the inflorescence. L. floribunda. 2. Peduncle (2-) 2.54 mm long, with at least some peduncles in every inflorescence 2.5 mm long or longer; pedicel 3.3-S (-6) mm long; hairs golden-brown or golden on ultimate axes of inflorescence, especially peduncles and pedicels. L. occidentalis. 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 1. Anther locules glabrous. 3. Peduncle 1-9 mm long; axis of pseudoraceme up to 2 mm in diameter in flower; pedicel up to 1.5 mm in diameter at apex. 4. Abaxial surface of dried lamina aang -sericeous with a bronze to golden sheen; inflorescence axes reddish brown; peduncle 1.7—9 mm long; bracts and bracteoles strongly spreading; bracteoles 1.5—3 mm long, 1 ue mm wide. L. inpana. Abaxial surface of dried lamina with a matte finish, the very tight vesture not obvious but giving a gray or silvery aspect; inflorescence axes golden or brown; peduncle 1-2 m long; bracts and bracteoles appressed or spreading at apex; bracteoles 0. 4 lm L. peruviana. a long, 0.5—1 mm wide. 3. Peduncle absent or up to 1 mm long in fruit; axis of pseudoraceme 1.5-4 mm in diameter in flower; pedicel at least 2 mm in diameter at a apex 5. Lamina abruptly seine at apex; bracts in ama half of pseudoraceme 2. is mm long; pedicel 8-12 m L. splendens. 5. Lamina broadly ee or pounded to emarginate and often apiculate at apex; bracts in distal half of pseudoraceme 2-3 mm long; pedicel 3-8 mm long. 6. Petiole of larger leaves 20-60 mm long; lamina of larger leaves 10-23 cm wide, very tightly sericeous below. L. euryptera. 6. Petiole of larger leaves 15-20 mm long; lamina of larger leaves 8-10 cm wi loosely sericeous below. L. surinamensis. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF LOPHOPTERYS, FOR SPECIMENS WITH FRUITS 1. Lateral wings absent from samara. L. splendens. 1. Lateral wings present on samara. Px Lateral ibe of samara 45-62 mm long, 6.5-18 mm ine dorsal wing of samara 10-20 19-30 mm high; nut of samara 9-14 mm in diameter. 3h at of nee leaves 20-60 mm long; lamina of ae oe 10-23 cm wide, obovate; hairs t of samara white. . euryptera. 3 eee ‘ ae leaves 15-21 mm long; lamina of pee leaves 8-11 cm wide, obovate or elliptical; hairs on nut of samara stramineous to brow 4. Lamina obovate, broadly rounded and deeply pe at apex, the abaxial ves- ture relatively loose; pseudoracemes 17-23 cm long, subvelutinous with the hairs dark brown; of samara 10-14 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles mostl deciduous in fruit. L. surinamensis. 4. Lamina elliptical, abruptly acuminate at apex, the abaxial vesture very tightly appressed; pseudoracemes 6-12.5 cm long, sericeous with the hairs golden or brown; nut of samara 9-10 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles persistent in fruit. E. Ae fae ae ae of samara 15-38 mm long, 4-9 mm wide; dorsal wing of samara 5-13 m e, 5-18 mm high; nut of samara 3.3-8 mm in diamet 5. eee in eee half of pseudoraceme 2.5-8 mm long; ee ceice 1.5-3 mm long, spread- ing; pseudoracemes containing 2-28 flowers; sepals 2-3 mm long beyond gland; inner face of seed locule glabrous. L. inpana. 5. Bracts in distal half of pseudoraceme 0.5-1 mn ascending or anaes pseudoracemes containing (15 y25 mm d gland; inner face of seed locule strigose. 6. Peduncle 05 5 5 (-3) mm one pedicel 2-4 mm long; hairs brown or dark brown L. floribunda. nc Neate bracteoles 0.5-1.1 mm long —100 or more flowers; sepals 1- throughout the inflorescenc 6. Peduncle (2-) 2.5-4 mm ag with at least some peduncles in every inflorescen mm long or longer; pedicel 3.3-5 (—6) mm long; hairs golden-brown or golden mete axes of inflorescence, especially peduncles and pedicels. ie, ane Lophopterys euryptera Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1951: 34. 1951. Lophopterys splen- dens var. obovata Nied. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV, 141: 385. 1928.—TyPeE: Guyana [British Guiana]. Barama River, Oct fl, Rich. Schomburgk 1536 (lectotype for both names, here designated: K!, the sheet with an inflores- cence [WRA neg. 81-8-1]; isolectotype: K!). Fig. 3. 90 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Woody liana to 35 m long; stem hairs stramineous or brownish fading to gray. Lamina of larger leaves 16-35 cm long, 10-23 cm wide, obovate, truncate or short- attenuate and often unequal at base, plane at margin, very broadly truncate to emarginate and often apiculate at apex, eglandular, initially loosely sericeous above but eventually glabrate with pubescence rarely persistent along midrib, densely and persistently sericeous below with very tightly appressed hairs giving the dried leaf a silvery to golden sheen, the 8-16 pairs of lateral veins prominent below, interconnected by prominulous parallel secondary veins, the intricate reticulum prominulous on both sides but hidden below by the vesture; petiole 20-60 mm long, persistently sericeous or glabrescent in age, eglandular or bearing 1-4 pairs of small glands at various distances from base along adaxial edges: stipules not found. Inflorescence tightly to loosely sericeous with the hairs brown to rarely white, 10-30 cm long, terminal and axillary, a panicle with the pseudoracemes 5— 16 cm long and containing 10-50 flowers, the axis 1.5—3 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles abaxially sericeous to glabrate, persistent in fruit, triangular, appressed; bracts 2-3 mm long (proximal bracts up to 10 mm long), 1-2 (-3) mm wide: peduncle absent or up to | mm long in fruit; bracteoles 1.5-2.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide; pedicel 3-8 mm long, 2—2.5 mm in diameter at apex, sericeous. Flowers erect or very slightly circinate in bud. Sepals triangular, 3-3.5 mm long (1-2 mm beyond gland), 2-3 mm wide, sometimes membranous at margin, acute to broadly obtuse at apex, abaxially sericeous, strongly appressed in anthesis; glands 1.52.5 mm long and 1.5—-3 mm wide, transversely elliptical to circular, absent from one anterior-lateral sepal in some flowers. Petals glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 2.5-3.5 mm long, winged, the limb 5-6 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, concave, rotund or obovate, decurrent and weakly differentiated from the claw, erose and eglandular at margin; posterior petal with the claw 2.5-3 mm long, unwinged, not constricted at apex, the limb 3.5—-4 mm long and wide, rectangular, flat and reflexed, fimbriate with the proximal fimbriae broadly glandular, the distal fimbriae finer and de- creasingly glandular to eglandular. Filaments 2~3 mm long, connate in the proxi- mal 0.5-1 mm; anthers 1.5—2 mm long, + alike, reflexed, glabrous. Styles glabrous or sericeous in the proximal half, the anterior style 2-2.5 mm long, straight or very slightly reflexed at apex, the posterior two 2.5-3 mm long, strongly reflexed distally, all with the stigmas much wider than high (ca. 0.5—0.8 mm wide, 0.2-0.3 mm high), dorsally rounded, truncate, or slightly apiculate at apex. Samara with the nut spheroidal, ca. 9-11 mm in diameter, smooth on sides or bearing obscure vertical ribs and smooth between wings, sericeous, the hairs white and persistent; lateral wings 45-62 mm long, 10-18 mm wide, narrowly elliptical and gradually tapered distally to a rounded or obtuse apex, sericeous to glabrate; dorsal wing encircling much of the nut, trapezoidal-flabellate, 10-19 mm wide, 19-25 mm high, entire or slightly erose, sericeous; ventral areole 4-6 mm high and wide, ovate; inner face of seed locule appressed-tomentose. Phenology. Probably flowering and fruiting in all months Distribution (Fig. 1). Central to northern Guyana and eastern Venezuela: lowland rainforests; 75-320 m. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Guyana. Mahdia Creek, Potaro River, 107 miles on Bartica— Potaro road, Jan fr, Fanshawe in Forest Dept. 3749 (K); Barima River, Mar fl, Jenman 6994 (K, NY); Barima-Waini Region, trail between Aranka Head and Barima Head, NW of Kariako River, 07°30'N, 60°35'W, 76-122 m, mixed forest, slopes and terraces, Apr fl, McDowell 4386 (MICH); upstream from Kariako Village, Barama River, North-West District, 07°22'N, 59°42'W, 145 m. riparian forest, Jan ster, van Andel & Samuels 906 (MICH). Venezuela. BoLivar: Alto Rio Cuyunt, Rio Uiri-yuk, 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS FIG. 3. Lophopterys euryptera. a. Leaf and inflorescence, X0.5S. b. Flower, *2.5. 0. d. Gyn . Stamens, noecium, Sea style in center, X7.5. e. Samara, X0.5. (Based on: a—d, ae SZC; Maguire et al. 4697 a2 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 along river, Aug fr, Maguire et al. 46977 (K, MICH, MY, NY, US, VEN).—Detta Amacuro: E of Rio Grande, ENE of El Palmar, near Bolivar border, Jun/Jul fl/fr, Blanco 155 (VEN); near Bolivar ened he N, 61°44'W, low primary forest, 320 m, Apr fl, Breteler 3752 (MER, MO, NY, U, US, E of Rio Grande, directly E of El Palmar, swampy mature forest, Jul fr, Gentry & Berry 14942 ree MO); between La Margarita and Puerto Miranda, Rio Acure, rainforest, 80-100 m, Nov fr, Steyermark 87776 (NY, VEN); E of Rio Grande, 37 km ENE of El Palmar, rainforest, 320 m, Feb fr, Steyermark 93148 (NY, U, VEN) This species is generally most like its nearest neighbor, L. swrinamensis (see Fig. 1). Both have large samaras and sessile or subsessile pedicels, but L. euryptera is distin- guished by its larger leaves and especially by its petioles, the longest in the genus. Lophopterys floribunda W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis, sp. nov.—Type: BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Manhuagu, arredores, orla da mata, 15 Oct 1983 fl, G. Hatschbach & O. Guimardes 46868 (holotype: MBM!:; isotype: MICH!). Liana lignosa vel frutex usque ad | m altus; lamina foliorum majorum 11-23 (~26) cm longa, 5-11 (—13) cm lata, apice + abrupte breviacuminata vel rotundata vel obtusa breviapiculataque, petiolo 10-25 mm longo; pseudoracemi ex (25) 40- 100 plusve floribus constantes; bracteae 0.5-1.5 mm longae; pedunculi pedicel- lique brunnei vel atrobrunnei, illi 0.5—2.5 (-3) mm longi, hi 2-4 mm longi; bracteolae Q.5-1.1 mm longae, + appressae; sepala glandulas I-1.5 mm superantia; antherae pilosae; nux samarae 4-6 mm diametro, alae laterales 25-35 mm longae, 6-9 mm latae, ala dorsalis 6-11 mm lata, 10-18 mm alta, loculus intus strigosus. Woody liana or shrub | m tall; stem hairs ferrugineous fading to gray. Leaves opposite or subopposite; lamina of larger leaves 11-23 (-26) cm long, 5-11 (-13) cm wide, narrowly to broadly elliptical, cuneate, obtuse, or rounded at base, nearly or quite plane at margin, + abruptly short-acuminate at apex to rounded or obtuse and short-apiculate, eglandular, sericeous above to usually glabrate in age or persistently sericeous on midrib, especially proximally (occasionally + persistently sericeous all over adaxial surface), densely and persistently sericeous below, the hairs very short and tightly appressed, all the same color or slightly darker on midrib and lateral veins, giving the dried leaf a silvery, golden, or bronze metallic sheen, the 8-13 pairs of lateral veins prominent below, the intricate reticulum usually prominulous on both sides; petiole 10-25 mm long, persistently sericeous, eglandular or bearing |—7 pairs of small glands embedded in adaxial edges; stipules not found. Inflorescence tightly brown- or dark-brown-sericeous, 13-30 cm long, terminal and axillary, paniculate, the pseudoracemes 5—21 cm long and containing (25—) 40-100 or more flowers, the axis 0.8-1.5 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles abaxially thinly to densely sericeous, persistent, triangular, ascending or appressed: bracts 0.5—1.5 mm long and wide; peduncle 0.5—2.5 (-3) mm long; bracteoles 0.5— 1.1 mm long and wide; pedicel 2-4 mm long, 0.9-1.5 mm in diameter at apex. Flowers slightly circinate to erect in bud. Sepals ovate or triangular, 1.5-2 mm long (1-1.5 mm beyond gland), 1.2-2 mm wide, often membranous and slightly revolute at margin, broadly obtuse or rounded at apex, abaxially brown- or gold- en-brown-sericeous, appressed in anthesis; glands 1-1.8 mm long, 1.5-2.3 mm wide, occasionally circular but mostly transversely elliptical. Lateral petals gla- brous or very sparsely sericeous abaxially in the center, the claw 0.5S—1 mm long, winged, the limb 5.5-8.5 mm long, 5.5-9 mm wide, somewhat concave to flat, obovate, erose or dentate and eglandular at margin; posterior petal glabrous, the claw very thick, 2.5-3 mm long, unwinged, usually + constricted at apex, the limb 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 93 2.5-3 mm long and wide, orbicular or rectangular, + crumpled, erect to reflexed, dentate or short-fimbriate with the divisions all eglandular or the proximal ones slightly glandular-thickened. Filaments 1.5—-3 mm long, 1/3—2/3-connate; anthers ong, + similar, erect or reflexed, the locules loosely pilose. Styles sericeous at base, 1.2-2 mm long, divergent to strongly spreading, dorsally round- ed at apex, terete or laterally flattened, the stigmas orbicular or vertically to horizontally elliptical. Samara with the nut spheroidal, 4-6 mm in diameter, smooth on sides or bearing many obscure to prominent vertical ribs and smooth to irregu- larly rugulose between lateral and dorsal wings, sericeous or subvelutinous, the hairs brown; lateral wings 25-35 mm long, 6-9 mm wide, narrowly elliptical and obtuse or rounded (rarely acute) at apex, sericeous; dorsal wing encircling much of the nut, trapezoidal, 6-11 mm wide, 10-18 mm high, entire or erose, sericeous; ventral areole 2.5-3.5 mm high and wide, ovate; inner face of seed locule strigose. Phenology. Collected with flowers from July to December, most commonly in September, and with fruits from September to December. Distribution (Fig. 1). Central to eastern Amazonian Brazil and southeastern Brazil where Bahia, Espirito Santo, and Minas Gerais come together; edge of wet forest on terra firme, at low elevations, up to 62 ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Brazil. AMAPA: Mpio. Calcoene, 53-72 km WNW of Calcoene, 02°33-38'N, 51°16'W, Dec fl/imm fr, Rabelo et al. 2966 (MG, MICH, ULM).—AmapA/Para: Rio Jari, Monte Dourado, Planalto B, entre Pilao e panera Oct fl, N. T. Silva 1324 (MICH, N AMAzonas: Estrada Manaus—Caracarai, Km 57, Sep bud, Damiao 699 (INPA).—Bania: 5 km W of Itamaraju, Sep bud, Mori et al. 10746 (CEPEC, MICH).—Espirito Santo: Santa Teresa, estrada de Tabocas para Varzea Alegre, 550 m, Nov fl/fr, Kollmann 926 (MICH).—Minas Gerais: Mpio. Mar liéria, mer Estadual do Rio Doce, 19°46'S, 42°36'W, 450 m, Sep fl, Heringer & Ejiten 15099 (MICH, MO); Parque Estadual do Rio Doce, Marliéria, inicio da trilha do Vinhatico, 19°45'95"S, 42°37' 38" W, Sep fl, ore 1981 (MICH); Estagao Biolégica is Caratinga, fazenda Montes Claros, Caratinga, 19°43'53"S, 41°49'02"W, Sep fl, Lombardi 2357 (MICH); Jequeri, Nov fr, Salino 3805 (MICH).—ParA: Near she Branco, ca. 30 km N of Tucurui, Feb ster, Anderson 13754 (MICH): Parauapebas, Reserva Bioldgica da Serra dos Carajas, 620 m, Jan ster, dos Santos et al. 419 (MICH): Tucurui, PA-149, Oct fl, Lima & A. Silva 04 (INPA, NY); Maraba, Carajas, Serra Norte, PA-275, Aug fl, Maciel et al. 729 (NY); Tucurui, PA-149, Oct fl, Miranda et al. 682 (INPA, NY); Rio Itacaiu- nas, afl. do R. Tocantins, Serra Buritirama, Maraba, 05°30'S, 50°15'W, Jul bud, Murca Pires & Belém 12586 (IAN, MICH); Tucurui, Rio Tocantins, foz do Rio Pitinga, Sep fl/fr, Ramos & Lima 1544 (INPA); Serra dos Carajas, 13 km from AMZA headquarters, road to sawmill, Oct fl/fr, A. S. Silva 71 (MICH, MG); Serra dos Carajas, Aug fl, N. T. Silva & Ribeiro 3587 (MICH). This species comprises, with L. occidentalis, a widespread and variable com- plex defined by the many-flowered pseudoracemes (hence the epithet floribunda), pilose anthers, and small samaras. The populations of that complex fall into three geographic ranges, including a group in southwestern Amazonia (described below as L. occidentalis), a group in central and eastern Amazonia, and a group in south- eastern Brazil where Minas Gerais, Espirito Santo, and Bahia come together (Fig. 1). The latter two groups are treated here as the single species L. floribunda, in spite of the fact that the southern populations tend to have shorter pseudoracemes with darker vesture than the more northern populations. We are unable at this time to find stable differences that would allow us to distinguish the northern and south- ern populations in a defensible way. We offer this two-species resolution of the complex with some diffidence—it may well be that future workers will prefer to treat the whole complex as one variable species, or they may find bases for formal taxonomic recognition of all three geographical entities. 94 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Lophopterys inpana W. R. Anderson, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 46. 1990.— Type: BRAzIL. Rond6énia: Summit of Serra dos Pacads-Novos, 12 km NNE of Guajara-Mirim, 400 m, Aug fl, G. T. Prance et al. 6675 (holotype: INPA!; isotypes: MG! MICH! MO! NY! US!). Figs. 2b, 4. Woody liana or shrub up to 4 m tall; stem hairs initially reddish brown but sometimes fading to gray. Lamina of larger leaves 8.9-19.8 cm long, 3.4-10 cm wide, ovate or elliptical, cuneate or rounded at base, plane or slightly revolute at margin, sometimes short-acuminate but mostly acute or obtuse to rounded and often apiculate at apex, eglandular or occasionally bearing 2 small glands on margin at base, initially sericeous above but soon or eventually glabrate with pubescence occasionally persistent along midrib and margins and rarely on lamina, densely and persistently sericeous below with very tightly appressed hairs giving the dried leaf a bronze to golden metallic sheen, the 7-9 (-12) pairs of lateral veins prominent below, the intricate reticulum prominulous on both sides but hidden below by the vesture; petiole 10-18 (—22) mm long, persistently sericeous, eglandular or bearing 1-3 pairs of small glands at middle or at various distances above or below middle along adaxial edges; stipules absent or vestigial, ca. 0.2 mm long, borne on adaxial edges of petiole 1-2 mm above base. Inflorescence seri- ceous with the hairs reddish brown, (4.5—) 6-24 cm long, terminal and axillary, racemose or paniculate, the pseudoracemes 2-12 (—13.8) cm long and containing 2-28 mostly decussate flowers, the axis 0.7-1.5 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles abaxially sericeous, adaxially thinly sericeous or glabrous, mostly per- sistent in fruit, spreading, often bearing 2 tiny glandular spots at abaxial base (especially bracts); bracts 2.5-8 mm long (proximal bracts up to 16.3 mm long), 1— mm wide, narrowly triangular; peduncle 1.7—-9 mm long; bracteoles 1.5-3 mm long, 1-2.3 mm wide, with the reticulum often visible on adaxial surface, mostly ovate or elliptical to rotund; pedicel 3.5-14 mm long, 0.7—1.4 mm in diameter at apex, sericeous. Flowers slightly circinate in bud. Sepals elliptical, 3-4 mm long (2-3 mm beyond gland), 1.6-2.5 mm wide, often membranous and slightly revo- lute at margin, broadly rounded at apex, abaxially sericeous, appressed in anthe- sis, often becoming somewhat spreading and more revolute at margin in fruit; glands 1.4-2.4 mm long and 1.8-3.4 mm wide, circular or more often transversely elliptical and sometimes emarginate at apex or at apex and base, rarely absent from all sepals. Petals usually glabrous, rarely sparsely sericeous abaxially on limb; lateral petals with the claw 1.5-3.6 (-4.4) mm long, winged, the limb 6-11 mm long, (6.2—) 7-12 mm wide, somewhat concave to flat, rotund or obovate, erose or dentate to short-fimbriate and eglandular at margin; posterior petal with the claw 3—4.2 mm long, unwinged, not constricted at apex, the limb (4.2—) 5.4~7 mm long, 4.3-7.5 mm wide, obovate, flat, erect to reflexed, fimbriate to lacerate with the proximal divisions sometimes fleshy or glandular. Filaments 2.2-3 mm long, basally connate; anthers 1—-1.5 (—2.2) mm long, alike, erect or reflexed, gla- brous. Styles sericeous on proximal half, 2-3 mm long, erect to divergent, dorsally rounded at apex, the stigmas obovate and decurrent. Samara with the nut spheroi- dal, 3.5-4.5 (-6) mm in diameter, smooth on sides and between wings, sericeous, the hairs golden to whitish and persistent or unevenly deciduous; lateral wings 15— 23 (—26) mm long, 4-7 mm wide, narrowly elliptical or slightly obovate with the margins parallel to divergent distally, more or less abruptly narrowed to the rounded or obtuse apex, sericeous to glabrate; dorsal wing 1/2—2/3-encircling the nut, trap- ezoidal, 5-12 (—13) mm wide, (5—) 7-9 mm high, the upper margin irregularly 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 95 Migs ok Yay (WX j Uys {\ Aaya ain FIG. 4. Lophopterys inpana. a. Flowering branch, X0.5. b. Distal portion of petiole enlarged to show glands, <5. c. Unit of the inflorescence enlarged to show spreading bracts and bracteoles, <2. d. Flower, with posterior petal uppermost, X2. e. Stamens, abaxial view (left) and adaxial view (right), 10. f. Gynoecium, X10. g. Immature samara, X1.5. (Based on: a—c, Prance 6675; d—g, Killeen 2750.) sinuous, sericeous to glabrate; ventral areole 2—-2.5 mm in diameter, broadly ovate or rotund; inner face of seed locule glabrous. Phenology. Collected with flowers in January, June, and especially August, September, and October, and with fruits in September, October, and November. Distribution (Fig. 1). Central Amazonian Brazil to western Amazonia, from southern Venezuela to Peru, Bolivia, and Rond6nia, Brazil; occasionally in wet forest, but mostly in more open places, such as low forest, thickets, or savannas; 50-800 m. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Bolivia. BENI: Between Guayaramerin and Cachuela Espe- ranza, savanna and low, seasonally flooded woods, Sep fl, Michel & Capra 2346, 2370 (MICH).— SANTA Cruz: Velasco Province, Parque Nacional Noel Kempf, 13°36'—14°40'S, 60°40-54'W, low dry forest, rocky campo, open savanna, edge of pampa and forest, Nov fr, Foster 14006 (F, MICH), Aug fl, 96 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 ae etal. 4159 eee Oct fl/imm fr, Killeen 2750 (F, MICH, NY), Oct fr, Killeen 5857 (MICH), g fl, Toledo 37 (F), Sep fr, oe 3950 (MICH), Oct fl/fr, Vargas 3998 (CTES, MO), 4053 (F, we . Brazil. AMAzonas: Distr. Agropecudrio, Reserva 1501 (Km 41) da WWF/INPA Projeto da Dinamica Bioldégica dos Fragmentos foie 02°25'31"—26'S, 59°43'40"—45'S0" W, terra firme, Au Lepsch da Cunha et al. 296 (MICH, MO, NY); Km 65-70, Manaus-Itacoatiara, Oct fl, Oliveira 2752 (UB); Reserva Florestal Ducke, ee aa eae Km 26, 02°53'S, 59°58'W, Sep fl, Sothers 162 (MICH); Humaita, Estrada Humaita—Jacareacanga, Km 64-70, 07°45'S, 62°32'W, roadside thicket, Jun Teixeira et al. 1124 (INPA, K, MG, MICH, MO). Peru. HuAnuco: Pachitea Province, region of ee allpa, Ww soa of the Sira Mountains and adjacent lowland, 20-24 km SE of Puerto Inca, 09°28'S, °47'W, primary mountain rain forest, Morawetz & Wallnéfer 11-27888 (Aug fl), 11-47088 (Oct fr), a 10988 (Sep fl), 13-28888 (Aug fl) (all MICH). Venezuela. AMAzonas: Depto. Atabapo, ca. 15 km SE of San Fernando de Atabapo, 03°55'N, 67°40'W, bosque muy htimedo de tierra firme, Jan fl/imm fr, Stergios et al. 11604 (MICH, MO). The small fruits of this species immediately distinguish it from most species of Lophopterys. The only other species with such small samaras are L. floribunda and L. occidentalis, both of which have hairy anthers. Lophopterys inpana is also notable for its relatively long, spreading bracts and bracteoles. Lophopterys occidentalis W. R. Anderson & C. C. Davis, sp. nov.—T ype: BRAZIL. Acre: 12 km from Rio Branco on Rio Branco—Pérto Velho road, dis- turbed primary forest, Sep fl/imm fr, S. R. Lowrie et al. 293 (holotype: INPA!; isotypes: INPA! MG! MICH! NY!). Pigs; 24.0; Liana lignosa vel frutex usque ad | m altus; lamina foliorum majorum 11-18.5 cm longa, 5.5—8 cm lata, apice + abrupte breviacuminata vel rotundata vel obtusa breviapiculataque, petiolo 10-19 mm longo; pseudoracemi ex (15—) 25-80 floribus constantes; bracteae 0.8—-1.1 mm longae; pedunculi pedicellique aurei vel aureo- brunnei, ill (2—) 2.5-4 mm longi, hi 3.3-5 (-6) mm longi; bracteolae 0.6—1 mm longae, + Se aie sepala glandulas 1-1.5 mm superantia; antherae pilosae; nux samarae 3.5-4.5 mm diametro, alae laterales 21-30 mm longae, 7-9 mm latae, ala dorsalis 6-10 mm lata, 7-13 mm alta, loculus intus strigosus. Woody liana or shrub | m tall; stem hairs ferrugineous fading to gray. Leaves opposite or subopposite; lamina of larger leaves 11-18.5 cm long, 5.5-8 cm wide, elliptical or slightly ovate, cuneate, obtuse, or rounded at base, nearly or quite plane at margin, + abruptly short-acuminate at apex to rounded or obtuse and short-apiculate, eglandular, sericeous above to glabrate in age or persistently seri- ceous on midrib, especially proximally, densely and persistently sericeous below, all the hairs very short and tightly appressed, brown on and near midrib and lateral veins and lighter in other areas, giving the dried leaf a light bronze metallic sheen, the (6—) 8-13 pairs of lateral veins prominent below, the intricate reticulum + prominent above, prominulous below; petiole 10-19 mm long, persistently seri- ceous, eglandular or bearing 1-5 pairs of small glands embedded in adaxial edges; stipules not found. Inflorescence tightly brown-sericeous on main axes, more loosely sericeous to subvelutinous on ultimate branches, peduncles, and pedicels with the hairs golden-brown or golden, 12-21 cm long, terminal and axillary, paniculate, the pseudoracemes (3-) 5—16 cm long and containing (15—) 25-80 flowers, the axis 0.8-1 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles abaxially sericeous, persistent or irregularly deciduous in fruit, narrowly naa ascending or appressed; bracts 0.8-1.1 mm long, 0.5-0.8 mm wide; peduncle (2—) 2.5-4 mm long (at least some in every inflorescence 2.5 mm long or longer); bracteoles 0.6—-1 mm long, 0.4—0.8 m 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 97 FIG. 5. Lophopterys occidentalis. a. soe and fruiting branch, x0.5. b. Flower bud and adjacent portion of inflorescence, X4. c. Flower, side view, <3, and posterior petal, adaxial view, X5. d. Anthers, abaxial view (left) and adaxial view (right), X15. e. Gynoecium, anterior style to left, x10. f. Style tip, adaxial view, X15. g. Samaras, side view (left) and abaxial view (right), both x1. (Based on Lowrie et al. 293.) 98 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 wide; pedicel 3.3-5 (—-6) mm long, 0.7—1.2 mm in diameter at apex. Flowers slightly circinate to erect in bud. Sepals ovate or elliptical, 1.3-2 mm long (1-1.5 mm beyond gland), 1.4—-1.7 mm wide, often membranous and slightly revolute at mar- gin, broadly obtuse or rounded at apex, abaxially golden-sericeous, appressed in anthesis, often becoming somewhat spreading and more revolute at margin in fruit; glands 1-1.5 mm long, 1.5—2 mm wide, transversely elliptical. Petals gla- brous; lateral petals with the claw 0.5-1.3 mm long, winged, the limb 4-6.5 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, somewhat concave to flat, obovate, sinuate or erose to den- tate and eglandular at margin; posterior petal with the claw very thick, 2.5-3.5 mm long, unwinged, + constricted at apex, the limb 2-2.7 mm long, 1.3-2.9 mm wide, orbicular or rectangular, + crumpled, erect to reflexed, fimbriate proximally with the divisions sometimes fleshy or glandular. Filaments 1.5-2.5 mm long, 1/3-1/2- connate; anthers (0.6—) 0.8-1.2 mm long, subsimilar, erect or reflexed, the locules loosely pilose. Styles sericeous on proximal half, 1.5—2 mm long, divergent, dorsally rounded at apex, laterally + flattened, the stigmas orbicular to vertically elliptical. Samara with the nut spheroidal or short-cylindroidal, 3.5-4.5 mm in diameter, with many vertical ribs on sides and irregularly rugulose between lateral and dorsal wings, sericeous or subvelutinous, the hairs stramineous; lateral wings 21- 30 mm long, 7-9 mm wide, narrowly elliptical or obovate and obtuse or rounded at apex, sericeous; dorsal wing encircling much of the nut, trapezoidal, 6-10 mm wide, 7-13 mm high, entire, sericeous; ventral areole 2.5-3 mm high and wide, ovate; inner face of seed locule strigose. Phenology. Collected with flowers in September, and with fruits in late Sep- tember, October, and November. Distribution (Fig. 1). Southwestern Amazonian Brazil and adjacent Bolivia; wet primary or secondary forest on terra firme, at elevations up to 200 m. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Bolivia. BENI: Vicinity of the Chacobo village Alto Ivon, 11°45'S, 66°02'W, Nov fr, Boom 4035 (MICH, NY).—Panpo: Prov. Madre de Dios, camino de Sena hacia el Rio Beni, Oct fr, Beck et al. 20377 (MICH). Brazil. AMazonas: Track from Béca do Acre airstrip to Monte Verde, north bank of Rio Purus, Sep fl, Prance et al. 2468 (INPA, MG, MICH NY).—Ronponia: Km 8-23, Porto Velho, Sep fl, Maguire et al. 56702 (MICH, NY). Our epithet for this species refers to its distribution, well to the west of the other populations in the Lophopterys floribunda/occidentalis complex. See discus- sion under L. floribunda. Lophopterys peruviana W. R. Anderson, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 376. 1993.—Type: Peru. Amazonas: Alrededor de yucui entsa 6 horas de pongo del camino de Kusu, monte, 360-600 m, 12 Mar 1973 fr, R. Kayap 569 (holotype: MICH!; isotypes: F! MO!),. Fig. 6. Woody liana climbing to 25 m; stem hairs initially golden-brown but usually fading to gray. Lamina of larger leaves 15—22.5 cm long, 8.5-11 cm wide, elliptical, rounded or cuneate at base, plane at margin, abruptly acuminate at apex, eglan- dular or occasionally biglandular on margin at base, initially sericeous above to very soon glabrate with pubescence often persistent along midrib and occasionally on lamina, densely and persistently sericeous below with very short and tightly appressed hairs giving the dried leaf a gray or silvery aspect, the 7-9 pairs of lateral veins prominent below, interconnected by prominulous parallel secondary 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 99 FIG. 6. Lophopterys peruviana. a. Fruiting branch, X0.5. b. Enlargement of adaxial surface of SeCuS lamina to show scalariform crossveins, X2.5. c. Samaras, abaxial view (left) and side view (right), x0.75. d. Embryos, whole (right) and in ral ane section (left), X3. e. Flower bud, X5. f. Flower, side view, with erect posterior petal, <4. g. Anther, abaxial view, X15. h. Gynoecium, anterior style in center, X10. i. Style tip, adaxial view, X15. (Based on: a—-d, Kayap 569; e-i, Klug 654.) 100 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 veins, the intricate reticulum prominulous on both sides; petiole 16-21 mm long, persistently sericeous, eglandular or usually bearing a pair of large glands on adaxial edges near apex and sometimes a second more proximal pair as well, or bearing 1-4 pairs of small glands on the distal half; stipules absent or vestigial, 0.2-0.5 mm long, borne on adaxial edges of petiole 1-2 mm above base. Inflores- cence densely and persistently sericeous with the hairs golden or brown, 11-20 cm long, paniculate, the pseudoracemes 6-12.5 cm long and containing 15-60 flowers, the axis 1.4-2 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles abaxially sericeous to gla- brate, persistent in fruit, appressed or spreading distally; bracts 1.5-3 mm long, 0.8-1.5 mm wide, narrowly triangular or triangular; peduncle 1-2 mm long; bracteoles like bracts but only 0.8-1 mm long, 0.5—l mm wide, triangular or ovate; pedicel 4-7 mm long, 1.5 mm in diameter at apex, sericeous. Flowers slightly circinate to erect in bud. Sepals ovate, ca. 1 mm long beyond gland, 1.5—-2 mm wide, broadly obtuse to rounded, abaxially densely sericeous to glabrescent, appressed in anthesis; glands 2—3.5 mm in diameter, circular. Petals glabrous; open flowers with intact lateral petals not seen; posterior petal ca. 6 mm long, obovate, the limb long-decurrent on the claw, toothed with the proximal teeth glandular. Filaments 1.5— 2 mm long, up to 1/3-connate; anthers 1.3-1.5 mm long, alike, erect to reflexed, glabrous. Styles sericeous their entire length, ca. 1.5 mm long, erect to divergent distally, dorsally rounded at apex, the stigmas transversely elliptical, much wider than high, and slightly decurrent. Samara with the nut spheroidal, 9-10 mm in diameter, smooth or slightly rugulose with the texture hidden by hairs, sericeous or appressed-tomentose, the hairs brown; lateral wings 45-50 mm long, 10-15 mm wide, narrowly elliptical and gradually tapered distally to an obtuse or rounded apex, sericeous; dorsal wing encircling much of the nut, trapezoidal, 10-20 mm wide, 20-30 mm high, entire or slightly sinuous, sericeous; ventral areole 5-6 mm high, 4 mm wide, ovate to nearly rotund; inner face of seed locule very sparsely sericeous. Phenology. Collected with flowers in December, and with fruits in December and March. Distribution (Fig. |). Endemic to Peru; forest; 100-600 m. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Peru. Loreto, Maynas Province: Mishuyacu near Iquitos, for- est, Dec fl, Klug 654 (F, NY, US); Km 44, carretera Iquitos-Nauta, bosque primario, Dec fr, Vasquez & Jaramillo 11420 (MICH). The single flowering collection (Klug 654) differs in several respects from the two fruiting collections. Its bracts are narrow and gradually tapered, the inflores- cence hairs are golden, and the petiole bears only very small glands, like those seen in other species of the genus. The fruiting collections have shorter, ovate, obtuse bracts and bracteoles, brown inflorescence hairs, and one or two pairs of large glands near the apex of the petiole. Those three collections may represent two different species, but we hesitate to try to distinguish them now because we do not have material in comparable stages of development. We are also influ- enced by the fact that K/ug 654 and one of the fruiting collections, Vasquez & Jaramillo 11420, came from the same area. When more and better collections become available it may be possible to refine the taxonomy proposed here. When describing this species, one of us (WRA) stated that the anthers are sparsely sericeous between the locules. After re-examining the same specimens we cannot confirm the presence of those hairs. 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 101 Lophopterys splendens Adr. Juss. in Deless., Icon. Sel. Pl. 3: 18, pl. 29. 1838. Lophopterys splendens var. oblanceolata Nied. in Engl., Pflanzenr. IV, 141: 385. 1928, nom. superfl—Tyerr: FRENCH GUIANA. Without locality, fr, Poiteau s.n. (holotype: G!; isotypes: B+ [F neg. 12750], G! K! [WRA negs. 91-1-20, 21], P-JU 11542! [WRA neg. 81-15-18]). Fig. 7 Woody liana or small tree 6 m tall; stem hairs golden or stramineous fading to gray. Lamina of larger leaves 16-ca. 27 cm long, 5.2-12.6 cm wide, elliptical to obovate, cuneate at base, nearly plane at margin, abruptly acuminate at apex, eglandular, glabrate above at maturity or persistently sericeous on midrib, espe- cially proximally, densely and persistently sericeous below with an underlayer of very short, tightly appressed hairs and an overlayer of fewer, much longer, some- what looser hairs, the aggregate giving the dried leaf a golden or bronze sheen, the 9-13 pairs of lateral veins prominent below, the intricate reticulum prominu- lous on both sides; petiole (11—) 12-22 mm long, persistently sericeous, eglandular or bearing 1-5 pairs of small glands in the middle third on adaxial edges; stipules not found. Inflorescence loosely sericeous to subvelutinous with the hairs brown or stramineous to gray, 15-45 cm long, terminal and axillary, racemose or panicu- late, the pseudoracemes 5-26 cm long and containing 8-70 flowers, the axis 2-3.5 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles abaxially loosely sericeous, persistent or irregularly deciduous in fruit, narrowly triangular, appressed; bracts 2.7-5 mm long, 1-1.9 mm wide; peduncle absent or up to 1 mm long in fruit; bracteoles 1.4— 2.2 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide; pedicel 8-12 mm long, 2—2.8 mm in diameter at apex, loosely sericeous to subvelutinous. Flowers erect in bud. Sepals triangular, 3.5-4.5 mm long (1.5-2.1 mm beyond gland), 2.5-3.5 mm wide, plane at margin, acute at apex, abaxially densely sericeous, strongly appressed in anthesis; glands 2.3-3.5 mm in diameter, obovate to rotund. Petals glabrous; lateral petals with the claw 3.7-4.3 mm long, obtriangular and 2.2-2.5 mm wide at apex, the limb 7—-7.5 mm long, 8-10 mm wide, deeply concave, oblate to rotund, erose and eglandular at margin; posterior petal with the claw 3.5 mm long, stout (0.8 mm in diameter), not constricted at apex, the limb 5.5 mm long and 4.2 mm wide, rectangular, reflexed in the distal half, glandular-fimbriate with the proximal fimbriae longest. Filaments 2—2.5 mm long, connate in the proximal 1/3; anthers 1.8-2 mm long, alike, reflexed, glabrous. Styles basally sericeous, 2.5-3 mm long, erect proximally and divergent in the distal half (but becoming strongly divergent with age), all with the stigmas much wider than high (ca. 0.6 mm wide, 0.3 mm high), dorsally obtusely apiculate at apex. Mericarp with the nut roughly ellipsoidal, 15-20 mm long, 10-13 mm wide, with several prominent parallel longitudinal veins on each side converging in a subhorizontal ridge near apex where the lateral wing would develop in other species, sericeous or appressed-tomentose, the hairs brown, per- sistent; lateral wings absent; dorsal wing encircling distal 1/2—2/3 of the nut, a crest arising abruptly at style and extending over the apex and about 1/2-2/3 down the dorsal edge, ca. 4-5 mm wide, widest near apex of nut, 15-17 mm high, somewhat revolute, sericeous; ventral areole 4.5 mm high, 3.5 mm wide, ovate. Phenology. Flowering in January. Distribution (Fig. 1). Known only from low-elevation forests in eastern French Guiana, near the coast; to be expected in Amapa, Brazil. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. French Guiana. Layon Montagne Prise d’Eau, bassin de l’ Approuague, (4°28'N, 52°02'W, forét de pente de basse altitude, Jul ster, Hequet 388 (U); without 102 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 FIG. 7. Lophopterys splendens. a. Flowering branch, X0.5. b. Enlargement of adaxial surface of lamina to show reticulum, Xca. 2.5. c. Flower bud, X2.5. d. Flower, side view, and posterior petal, flattened, adaxial view, both x2. e. Anthers, adaxial view (left) and Aba al view fecah ot LE: Gynoecium, anterior style in center, x5, and adaxial view of tip of anterior style, X10. g. Fruit with only two mericarps developed, <1. (Based on: a-f, Oldeman B.2666; g, photograph and pines of type.) ee fl, Martin s.n. (BM); Crique Simon, basse crique Courouaie (affluent basse Approuague), n fl, Oldeman B.2666 (CAY, MICH). See the discussion of this species above under circumscription of the genus. As noted there, the lateral wings present in the samara of other species have been lost and the dorsal wing is also much reduced, to a crest only 4-5 mm wide. In 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 103 contrast to the reduced wings, the nut of the mericarp here is much larger than that of the samaras found in the rest of the genus; even the largest samara found in the other species has a spheroidal nut only 14 mm in diameter, much smaller than the ellipsoidal nut in L. splendens. The result is an enlarged unwinged meri- carp, surely adapted for dispersal by water. Such shifts from wind-dispersal to water-dispersal have evolved repeatedly in neotropical Malpighiaceae that grow near lowland rivers, at least once in almost every wing-fruited genus. Some exam- ples are Banisteriopsis sepium (Adr. Juss.) B. Gates and Diplopterys cabrerana (Cuatrec.) B. Gates (Gates 1982), Hiraea quapara (Aubl.) Sprague (W. Anderson 1993), Jubelina riparia Adr. Juss. in Deless. (W. Anderson 1990a), and Stigma- phyllon adenodon Adr. Juss. and S. lacunosum Adr. Juss. (C. Anderson 1997). Of the four known collections of this species, only Hequet 388 and Oldeman B.2666 are accompanied by data about the locality or notes on the plant. Olde- man described it as a small tree about 6 m tall, which is a surprise in a genus in which all the other species are woody vines, and Hequet described his collection as a liana. Shifts in habit from vines to small trees do occur in other genera of Malpighiaceae, e.g., Banisteriopsis and Heteropterys, and in at least one case the shift accompanied the loss of the samara’s wing [Heteropterys laurifolia (L.) Adr. Juss. to H. lindeniana Adr. Juss.; W. Anderson, pers. obs.], so it may be that Lophopterys splendens is facultatively arborescent. Lophopterys surinamensis (Kosterm.) Sandwith, Kew Bull. 1951: 37. 1951. Doli- chopterys surinamensis Kosterm., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 32: 279. 1935.— Type: SURINAME. Upper Gran Rio, 6 Mar 1926 fr, Stahel 223 (holotype: U! [MICH negs. 3493, 3494]; isotype: K!). Fig. 8. Woody liana; stem hairs dark brown fading to stramineous or gray. Lamina of larger leaves 16-19.7 cm long, 8-10 cm wide, obovate, broadly truncate to subcor- date and sometimes unequal at base, nearly plane at margin, very broadly rounded and deeply emarginate at apex, eglandular, glabrate above at maturity except for sparse pubescence persistent along midrib, densely and persistently sericeous below with the rather loose hairs giving the dried leaf a bronze sheen, the 8-11 pairs of lateral veins prominent below, interconnected by prominulous parallel secondary veins, the intricate reticulum prominulous on both sides; petiole 15-20 mm long, persistently sericeous, bearing 1-3 pairs of sunken glands in the distal 2/3 on sides near adaxial edges; stipules not found. Inflorescence persistently subvelutinous with the hairs dark brown, ca. 30 cm long, terminal, a panicle with the pseudora- cemes 17-23 cm long and containing ca. 25-50 flowers, the axis 2-4 mm in diameter; bracts and bracteoles abaxially loosely sericeous, mostly deciduous in fruit, trian- gular, appressed; bracts 2-3 mm long, 1.2-2 mm wide; peduncle 0.4-1 mm long in fruit; bracteoles 1-1.5 mm long, 0.6-1 mm wide; pedicel 6.5—7.6 mm long, 2-2.5 mm in diameter at apex in fruit, velutinous. Anterior sepal broadly triangular, 2 mm long and 2.5 mm wide in fruit, abaxially appressed-tomentose, appressed; lateral sepals not exceeding the glands in fruit; glands 3-4 mm long and wide, transversely elliptical to circular. Petals, androecium, and gynoecium not seen. Samara with the nut spheroidal, 10-14 mm in diameter, smooth on sides and between wings, appressed-tomentose, the hairs brown to stramineous and persis- tent or patchily deciduous; lateral wings 48-60 mm long, 6.5-11 mm wide, very narrowly elliptical and abruptly narrowed distally to a rounded or obtuse apex, loosely sericeous to glabrate, the hairs stramineous; dorsal wing half-encircling 104 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 FIG. 8. Lophopterys surinamensis. a. Leaf, adaxial view, X0.5, with enlargement of surface of lamina to show reticulum, X ca. 5. b. Fruit with only one samara developed, lateral view (above) and abaxial view (below), both x0.8. (Based on the holotype, Stahel 223.) the nut, trapezoidal-flabellate, 12-15 mm wide, 20-25 mm high, entire or sinuate, loosely sericeous to glabrate; ventral areole 6-7.5 mm high and wide, ovate to subcircular; inner face of seed locule appressed-tomentose. Phenology. Fruiting in early March. Distribution (Fig. 1). Known only from the type, from central Suriname. The type of Lophopterys surinamensis bore only submature fruits. Conse- quently, almost nothing is known about the petals, stamens, and styles in this species. In order to place it in the key to flowering specimens we have had to assume that its anthers are glabrous. In its inflorescence and fruit this species resembles L. euryptera of Guyana and adjacent Venezuela, but it is immediately distinguished by its much smaller leaves with shorter petioles, which resemble those of L. splendens of French Gui- ana. The three species seem to form a complex of the Guianas. 2001 ANDERSON & DAVIS: LOPHOPTERYS 105 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Our beautiful drawings (Figs. 3-8) were all prepared by Karin Douthit with her customary skill and patience. Christiane Anderson made helpful suggestions to improve the text. We acknowledge with thanks the curators of the following herbaria, who made material available for our study in the form of gifts and loans: BHCB, BM, CAY, CEPEC, CTES, F, G, IAN, IBGE, INPA, K, LPB, MBM, MER, MG, MICH, MO, MY, NY, P, PORT, U, UB, ULM, US, VEN, WU LITERATURE CITED Anderson, C. 1997. Monograph of Stigmaphyllon (Malpighiaceae). Syst. Bot. Monogr. 51: 1-313. Anderson, W. R. 1979. Floral conservatism in neotropical Malpighiaceae. Biotropica 11: 219-223. . 1981. iio aa In The botany of the Guayana Highland—Part XI. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 32: 21-305. ——. 1990a. The ee of Jubelina pee ae me Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 21-37. ———. 1990b. Notes on neotropical Malpighiaceae—III. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 39-54. . 1990c. The origin of the Malpighiaceae—The ae from morphology. Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 64: 210-224. . 1993. Notes on neotropical Malpighiaceae—IV. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 355-392. . 2001. Malpighiaceae. In Flora of the Venezuelan Guayana, P. E. Berry, K. Yatskievych, and B. K. Holst, 6: 82-185. St. ve Missouri Botanical Garden Cameron, K. M., M. W. Chase, W. R. Anderson, and H. G. Hills. ae ee Moles systematics of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from plastid rbcL and matK sequences. Amer. J. B Davis, C. C., W. R. Anderson, and M. J. Donoghue. In press. ese a eee Evidence from ee ndhF and trnL-F nucleotide sequences. Am ot. Gates, B. pe A monograph of Banisteriopsis and Diplopterys, er ican eae Fl. Neotrop. Monogr. 30: Jussieu, eu ‘ley 1838 [“1837"]. Malpighiaceae. In Icones selectae plantarum..., ed. B. Delessert, 3: 1, pl. 29-36. . 1843. Monographie de la famille des Malpighiacées. Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 3: 5-151, 255-616, pl. 1-23. Kostermans, A. 1935. Dolichopterys, a new genus of the Malpighiaceae. Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 32: —281. Lowrie, S. R. 1982. The palynology of the Malpighiaceae and its contribution to family systematics. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. 354 pp. University Microfilms #82- 99. 249 Mathews, S., R. C. Tsai, and E. A. Kellogg. 2000. Pe gates structure in the grass family (Poaceae): Evidence from the nuclear gene phytochrome B. 87: 96-107. Niedenzu, F. 1928. Malpighiaceae. In Das Eee es aa A. Engler, IV. 141: 1-870. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann. Sandwith, N. Y. 1951. New Malpighiaceae from British Guiana. Kew Bull. 1951: 33-37. a ee eS ee, Se an A | ; ' Ve aaa Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 107-114. 2001. MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON SPHAGNUM—11 Howard Crum University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 NEW SPECIES Sphagnum [sect. Sphagnum] lapazense H. Crum, sp. nov.—Type: Bottvia. La Paz: Nor Yungas, trail by construction camp, N on Bolivia | from La Paz to Nor Yungas, 16°16'89"S, 67°50'89"W, under large rock overhang with running water, 3100-3300 m, 12 Nov 1999, M. J. Price, S. P. Churchill & Z. Magombo 1236 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: MO!). Fig. 1. Plantae laete virides, laxe caespitosae, 1.5-4 cm altae. Caules fusci; cellulae epidermidis sine poris, efibrillosae; cylindrus lignosus obscure fuscus. Folia caulina et ramulina persimiles. Rami solitarii vel 2-fasciculati (1 pendens, debilis). Folia 1.3— 1.5 mm longa, ovata, concava, apice cucullata, marginibus sulco resoptorio in- structa; cellulae hyalinae fibrillosae, non septatae, superficie exteriore pseudoporis paucis, interiore poris 4-9 rotundis annulatis ad commissuras obsitae; cellulae chlorophylliferae sectione transversali ellipticae, interiore foliorum liberae. Plants blue-green when dry, bright green when moist, in loose tufts 1.5—3 (-4) cm high. Stems dark brown, nearly black; cortex 1-layered, without pores or fibrils; wood cylinder dark brown. Branches single or more often double (1 weak and pendent). Stem and branch leaves similar, 1.3-1.5 mm long, ovate, concave, + hooded at apex, with a marginal resorption furrow but no membrane gaps at back of the apex; hyaline cells fibrillose throughout, non-septate, on the outer surface with few pseudopores at or near corners, rarely in groups of 2-3 at adjoining ends, on the inner surface with 4-9 round, ringed pores near the commissures; green cells in section elliptic, narrowly exposed on both surfaces, the hyaline cells con- vex on both surfaces. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Bolivia. La Paz: Nor Yungas, trail by construction camp, N on Bolivia 1 from La Paz to Nor Yungas, 16°16'89"S, 67°50'89"W, under large rock overhang with running water, 3100-3300 m, 12 Nov 1999, M. J. Price, S. P. Churchill & Z. Magombo 1235 (MICH, MO). The plants are small and isophyllous, and the leaves have only a few pseudopores on the outer surface but numerous round, ringed pores on the inner. The branches may be single or double, the pendent branch very weak. The unistra- tose cortical cells of stems and branches lack fibrils and pores. The green cells are narrowly exposed on both surfaces. Because of somewhat cucullate leaves with resorption furrows at the margins, the species clearly belongs in the section Sphag- num, although the leaves lack membrane gaps at the back of the apex and fibrils in the stem and branch cortex. 107 108 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Oo \ ) LL S40 Tos o ae 8)5) 1) OV\e\oC Cy OPOICS je) as ( O46 é ‘5 a | O}o Cy OS ° ae Ber tS OLfOlo dO | Sia FIG. 1. a-d. Sphagnum lapazense. a. Branch leaves, X20. b. Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface, *390. c. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface, X390. d. Upper marginal cells of branch leaf showing marginal resorption furrow, X390. e-g. Sphagnum crispatum. e. Branch fascicle, dry, x5. f. Branch leaves, X20. g. Stem leaves, X20. h-k. Sphagnum luetzelburgii. h. Branch leaves, X2. i. Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface, X390. j. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface, X390. k. Stem leaves, X20. Sphagnum [sect. Cuspidata] crispatum H. Crum, sp. nov.—Type: Peru. Cajamarca: Hualgayoc, Las Lagunas to the west of Cajamaraca, 07°10'S, 78°15'W, 3900 m, 25 May 1973, P. Hegewald & E. Hegewald 6213 (holotype: MICH!:; isotype: MO!). Faas. Plantae parvae, luteae, laxe caespitosae. Caules pallido-luteoli. Folia caulina 1.4-1.6 mm longa, triangulo-lingulata, concavo-acuta; cellulae hyalinae superne fibrillosae, 0-3-septatae, poris nullis vel superficie dorso poris paucis. Rami 2-3- fasciculati (2 patentes). Folia ramulina sicca subtubulosa et valde crispata, 1.5-2 mm 2001 CRUM: SPHAGNUM 109 longae, oblongo-ovata, concava, marginibus integris; cellulae hyalinae superne non septatae, superne fibrillosae, poris ut in foliis caulinis, superficie interiore poris nullis; cellulae chlorophylliferae sectione transversali triangulo-trapezoideae, superficie exteriore latiore expositae. Plants small and slender, 2-5 cm long, in lax, yellow patches. Stems yellowish; cortex 2-layered, without pores at the surface; wood cylinder pale yellow. Stem leaves 1.4-1.6 mm long, triangular-lingulate, concave-acute, narrowly bordered; hyaline cells fibrillose in the upper half, undivided or some leaves on the same stem with some cells 1—3-septate, on the outer surface with pores none or very few, small, round, at or near side corners, on the inner surface with pores none. Branches in fascicles of 2-3 (2 spreading, 1 short, weak, and pendent or lacking). Branch leaves when dry subtubulose, spreading and strongly crisped, when moist erect with curved-spreading, + homomallous tips, 1.5-2 mm long, oblong-ovate and concave-tapered to a narrowly truncate, dentate apex, bordered by thick- walled, linear cells in 3-5 rows; hyaline cells fibrillose in the upper 1/2 or less, undivided, otherwise similar to those of stem leaves; green cells in section triangu- lar to trapezoidal, with exclusive or broader exposure on the outer surface, the hyaline cells bulging on both surfaces, somewhat more so on the inner. The plants are small as compared with those S. cuspidatum Ehrh. ex Hoffm., and they have some resemblance to that species, although the branch tips are not particularly tapered and the habitat, aquatic or not, is unknown. The most striking difference is seen in the spreading, strongly crisped branch leaves, when dry. Both stem and branch leaves are fibrillose above and have few or no pores. The hyaline cells of most leaves are undivided but, even on the same stems, some leaves have a few cells that are obliquely divided one to three times. Sphagnum [sect. Subsecunda| luetzelburgii H. Paul ex H. Crum, sp. nov.—T ype: AzIL. Rio de Janeiro: Serra dos Orgaos, Schlucht auf der Siidseite des Morro Assu, Aug 1915, Ph. von Luetzelburg 7012 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: M!). Fig. 1 Plantae obscure fuscae, 3-4 cm altae. Caulis unistratus, sine poris; cylindrus lignosus obscure fuscae. Folia caulina fusca, 1.5 mm longa, concava, elliptica, apice rotunda; cellulae hyalinae aliquando 1-septatae, omnino fibrosae, superficie exteriore poris commissuralibus numerosis, grandiusculis, rotundis, annulatis, etiam poris submedianis, latitudine cellularum subaequantis, interiore poris paucis vel nullis. Rami 2-fasciculati. Folia ramulina 1.4-1.6 mm longa, concava, late ovata; cellulae hyalinae superficie exteriore poris parviusculis, rotundo-ellipticis, annula- tis seriebus commissuralibus dispositionibus, etiam poris minutis medianis paucis, interiore poris nullis vel paucis et pseudoporis seriebus brevibus ad commissuras sitis; cellulae chlorophylliferae sectione transversale orciformes, utroque latere folii aequaliter liberae. Plants dark brown, 3-4 cm high. Stems dark brown; cortical cells in | layer, without pores; wood cylinder dark brown. Stem leaves 1.5 mm long, elliptic, con- cave, broadly rounded at the apex, narrowly bordered; hyaline cells occasionally 1-septate, fibrillose throughout, on the outer surface with numerous rather large, round, ringed pores in interrupted commissural rows and also median pores as wide as cells, often several in a row, on the inner surface with pores none or few. Branches in fascicles of 2, 1 short, stout, and spreading (6 mm long), the other 110 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 weaker and + spreading. Branch leaves 1.4-1.6 mm long, deeply concave, broadly ovate, broadly pointed, narrowly bordered; hyaline cells on the outer surface with rather small, ringed, rounded-elliptic pores in continuous commissural rows and often some few small, median pores, on the inner surface with pores none or with a few small, round pores at ends and corners and sometimes short rows of pseudopores partitioned off along commissures; green cells barrel-shaped to sub- rectangular, equally exposed on both surfaces, the hyaline cells moderately con- vex on both surfaces. The plants are dark brown and short but stout, with short, stout spreading branches. The stem leaves have broad pores on the outer surface, both commis- sural and median, and the median pores are nearly as wide as the cells and often arranged in a short row. The branch leaves have on the outer surface smaller pores in continuous commissural rows and some few median pores, and on the inner surface they have pores none or few and sometimes short rows of pseudopores partitioned off at the commissures. Sphagnum [sect. Subsecunda| noryungasense H. Crum, sp. nov.—Tvpe: BoLivia. La Paz: Nor Yungas, trail by construction camp N on Bolivia | from La Paz to Nor Yungas, 16°16'89"S, 67°50'89"W, secondary humid montane forest, under large rock overhang with running water, 3100-3300 m, 12 Nov 1999, M. J. Price, S. P. Churchill & Z. Magomba 12347 (holotype: MICHI; isotype: MO!). Pigs? Plantae usque ad 6 cm. altitudine. Caules pallide virides; hyalodermis unistra- tosa, sine poris; cylindrus lignosus debilis, pallide viridis. Folia caulina 1.2—1.3 mm longa, ovata, concava; cellulae hyalinae fibrillosae usque ad basin, saepe septatae, utroque superificie poris commissuralibus multis. Rami 2-fasciculati (1 pendens). Folia ramulina 1.3-1.8 mm longa, late ovata; cellulae hyalinae superficie exteriore poris et pseudoporis numerosis, interiore poris numerosis, pseudoporis paucis: cellulae chlorophylliferae utroque latere folii anguste expositae. Plants small (up to about 6 cm high), pale green. Stems pale green; hyaloderm I-layered, without pores; wood cylinder pale green, scarcely differentiated. Stem leaves much like branch leaves, 1.2-1.3 mm long, ovate, concave, narrowly bor- dered; hyaline cells fibrillose throughout, often |-divided, especially toward the base, on the outer surface with numerous elliptic pores and pseudopores at com- missures, more numerous pores but few pseudopores on the inner surface. Branches 2-fasciculate (1 weaker and pendent). Branch leaves 1.3-1.8 mm long, broadly ovate; hyaline cells on the outer surface with numerous elliptic pores at the com- missures, on the inner surface with numerous pores but few pseudopores scat- tered at the commissures; green cells narrowly exposed on both surfaces. The stem and branch leaves are much alike, except that the stem leaves are smaller, with hyaline cells often septate. The hyaloderm is one-layered, and the wood cylinder is scarcely differentiated. The stem leaves have many pores and some pseudopores on both surfaces. The branch leaves have rather few pores and pseudopores on both surfaces, fewer on the inner. Sphagnum [sect. Subsecunda| hegewaldii H. Crum, sp. nov.—Type: Peru. Amazo- nas: Chachapoyas District, Las Palmas, zw. Balsas u. Leimemba, 06°46'S, 77°49'W, on soil, 3000 m, 31 Aug 1973, P. Hegewald & E. Hegewald 7007 (holotype: MICH; isotype: MO!). Fig, 3. 2001 CRUM: SPHAGNUM Laat Fig. 2. a-e. Sphagnum priceae. a. Branch leaves, X20. b. Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface, X390. c. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface, X390. d. Stem leaves, X20. e. Upper cells of stem leaf, outer surface, <390. f-k. Sphagnum noryungasense. f. Branch leaf, X20. g. Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface, X390. h. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface, X390. 1. Stem leaf, X20. j. Upper cells of stem leaf, outer surface, X390. k. Upper cells of stem leaf, inner surface, X390. Plantae parvae, obscure rufobrunneae. Hyalodermis caulina unistratosa, sine poris; cylindrus lignosus obscuro-fusca. Folia caulina 1.1-1.3 mm longa, ut ramulina persimiles. Rami 2-fasciculati, uterque patentes. Folia ramulina 1—1.1 mm longa, ovata, concava; cellulae hyalinae superficie exteriore poris ellipticis seriebus com- missuralibus, paucifibrillosis, interiore pseudoporis paucis sed fibrillosis multis; cellulae chlorophylliferae sectione transversali utroque latere foliorum anguste liberae sed pariete interiore plus minus longiore. Plants small (up to 2.5 cm high), dark red-brown above, light brown below. Stem hyaloderm 1-layered, without pores; wood cylinder dark brown. Stem leaves similar to branch leaves but somewhat longer (1.1-1.3 mm long). Branches 2- fasciculate, both spreading, short and equal in length (4-6 mm long), tumid. Branch leaves 1-1.1 mm long, ovate, concave; hyaline cells on the outer surface with elliptic pores in continuous commissural rows but with fibrils none or scarcely present, on the inner surface with commissural pseudopores few or none but 12 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 ig. 3. a-e. Sphagnum hegewaldii. a. Branch leaves, X20. b. Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface, X390. c. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface, 390. d. Upper cells of stem leaf, outer surface, X390. e. Upper cells of stem leaf, inner surface, X390. fi. Sphagnum breedlovei. f. Branch leaves, X20. g. Upper cells of branch leaf, outer surface, X390. h. Upper cells of branch leaf, inner surface, X390. 1. Stem leaf, X20. j. Upper cells of stem leaf, x390. fibrils well developed throughout; green cells narrowly exposed on both surfaces, somewhat more so on the inner. The plants are small, dark-brown, and shiny, at least when dry. The branches are spreading and only 4-6 mm long. The stem and branch leaves are similar. On the outer surface the hyaline cells have continuous rows of commissural pores, but the fibrils are none or scarcely suggested; on the inner surface there are few or no pseudopores, but the fibrils are well developed. Sphagnum [sect. Subsecunda] lojense H. Crum, sp. nov.—Type: Ecuapor. Loja: Spring bog, on Ona-Saraguro road ca. 3 km S of Carboncillo, 03°S, 7T9°TL'W, 3000 m, 11 Apr 1998, S. Laegaard 18703B (holotype: MO!). Plantae graciles. Hyalodermis caulis strato uno, sine poris; cylindrus lignosus pallide luteus. Folia caulina 2-2.2 mm longa, oblong-elliptica, apice obtusa vel 2001 CRUM: SPHAGNUM 113 rotundata; cellulae hyalinae usque ad basin fibrillosae, 1-3-septatae, utroque latere poris et pseudoporis paucis. Ramorum fasciculi ramis 5 (3 patentis). Folia ramulina 2.2—-2.8 mm longa, rotundato-ovata, breviter concavo-acuta; cellulae hyalinae utroque latere pseudoporis + numerosis, commissuralibus; cellulae chlorophylliferae sec- tione transversali orciformes, cellulis hyalinis utroque latere convexis. Plants ca. 6 cm high, in rather compact, bronze to brown masses. Stem hyalo- dermis 1-layered, without pores; wood cylinder pale yellow. Stem leaves 2—2.2 mm long, oblong-elliptic, rounded at the apex; hyaline cells fibrillose throughout, mostly 1—3-septate, on the outer and inner surfaces with few scattered, commissural ae and pseudopores. Branches crowded, short, stout, often curled at the tips, 1 fascicles of 5 (3 spreading). Branch leaves not secund, 2.2—2.8 mm long, ae ee ovate, shortly concave-acute; hyaline cells on the outer surface with several to numerous pseudopores at commissures, on the inner surface somewhat fewer; green cells orciform, equally exposed on both surfaces, the hyaline cells distinctly convex on both surfaces. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Ecuador. Loja: Spring bog, on Ona-Saraguro road ca. 3 km S of Carboncillo, 03°S, 79°11'W, 3000 m, 11 Apr 1998, S. Laegaard 18703 E (MO). The plants somewhat resemble species of the section Sphagnum because of rather stout branches with rounded-concave leaves. The hyaline cells of stem leaves are mostly 1—3-septate and have only a scattering of commissural pores on both surfaces. The branches are crowded and 5-fasciculate. The hyaline cells of branch leaves have rather numerous commissural pseudopores on both surfaces, and the hyaline cells are distinctly convex above and below. Sphagnum [sect. Acutifolia| breedlovei H. Crum, sp. nov.—Type: Mexico. Chia- pas: Mpio. Motozintla de Mendoza, near summit of Cerro Mozotal, on rock, 2750 m, 24 Nov 1981, D. E. Breedlove & B. Bartholomew 55854 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: MO)). Fig. 3 Plantae graciles, plus minusve 7 cm altae, pallide luteolae. Caules luteoli; cellulae hyalodermidis stratis 3-4, sine poris; cylindrus lignosus luteolus. Folia caulina 2 mm long, longo-lingulata, apice rotunda, anguste limbata; cellulae hyali- nae efibrillosae, plerumque 1(—2)-septatae, superificie exteriore membranaceis + plicatis. Rami 3-fasciculati. Folia ramulina 1.6-2 mm longa, lanceolata; cellulae hyalinae superficie exteriore membranaceis + plicatis, poris commissuralibus pluribus (usque ad 9), interiore poris 0-3 medianis, rotundis, + grandiusculis; cellulae chlo- rophylliferae sectione transversali triangulo-trapezoideae, dorso foliorum inclusae vel utroque liberae. Plants slender, 7 or more cm high, in yellow, probably dense tufts. Stems yellow; epidermal cells in 3-4 layers, without pores; wood cylinder yellowish. Stem leaves 2 mm long, long-lingulate, rounded at the apex; hyaline cells mostly 1(2)-septate, efibrillose, on the outer surface with some development of mem- brane pleats. Branches 3-fasciculate (1 pendent). Branch leaves 1.6-2 mm long, lanceolate, bordered by linear cells in 3-4 rows; on the outer surface with 6-9 ringed, elliptic commissural pores of moderate size and some membrane pleats, on the inner surface with 0-3, rounded and rather large, median pores; chloro- phyll cells in section triangular-trapezoid, more broadly exposed on the inner surface. 114 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 The narrowly lingulate stem leaves, the stem hyalodermis lacking pores, and pores on both surfaces of branch leaves justify recognizing this as a new species. The areolation of stem leaves suggests a relationship to S. sparsum, but the absence of pores in the stem cortex and the larger pores on the outer surface of branch leaves are significantly different. Sphagnum [sect. Acutifolia| priceae H. Crum, sp. nov.—Type: Bottvia. La Paz: r Yungas, trail by construction camp, N on Bolivia | from La Paz to Nor Yungas, 16°16'89"S, 67°50'89" W, secondary, humid montane forest, in clump at edge of trail, 3100-3300 m, 12 Nov 1999, M. J. Price, S. P. Churchill & Z. Magombo 1268 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: MO!). Plantae parvae, molles, pallido-incarnatae. Caulis incarnatus; cellulae epider- midis poris nullis; cylindrus lignosus incarnatus. Folia caulina 1 mm longa, fere plana, lingulata vel triangulo-lingulata, anguste limbata, deorsum non dilatata; cellulae hyalinae praecipue efibrillosa (sed apice foliorum fibrillis paucis), saepe l-septatae, superficie exteriore ad apicem poris rotundis paucis, interiore poris nullis. Rami 4-fasciculati (2 patentes). Folia ramulina 0.7-0.9 mm longa, oblongo- ovata; cellulae hyalinae poris parvis, rotundo-ellipticis, annulatis ad commissuras obsitis, ad apicem aliquando poris submedianis minutis quoque, interiore poris nullis se aliquando pseuodoporis commissuralibus; cellulae chlorophylliferae sec- tione transversale triangulae, interiore foliorum liberae. Small plants in soft, pinkish tufts. Stems pink; cortex without pores at surface; wood cylinder pink. Stem leaves | mm long, nearly plane, lingulate or triangular- lingulate, with border not noticeably broader at base; hyaline cells short at the apex, longer below, often 1-divided, on the outer surface with a few rudimentary fibrils and a few round pores or large gaps near the apex, with membrane pleats, on the inner surface with pores none. Branches 4-fasciculate (2 spreading), the capitulum very small. Branch leaves not 5-ranked, loosely spreading when moist, 0.7-0.9 mm long, oblong-ovate, concave; hyaline cells on the outer surface with small, rounded-elliptic, ringed pores near commissures and corners, at extreme apex also occasionally with 1-2 minute submedian pores, on the inner surface with no pores but occasional pseudopores at commissures; green cells in section triangular, exposed exclusively on the inner surface. The plants are attractive, small in size and pink in coloration, with leaves spread- ing when dry. Because the hyaline cells of branch leaves have small pores, the species seems rather like S. sparsum, but the stem cortex lacks pores. The stem leaves, small- er than those of S. sparsum, are essentially without fibrils, pores, and gaps. NEW NAMES Sphagnum [sect. Acutifolia| diblastoides H. Crum, nom. Sphagnum austro-americanum H. Crum, Bryologist 08: 588, 1995, non Sphag- num austro-americanum H. Crum, 1993. Sphagnum |sect. Acutifolia| paulianum, H. Crum, nom. nov. Sphagnum americanum Warnst., Sphagn. Univ. 132. 1911, nom. nud. prov. Sphagnum americanum Paul in Herz., Biblioth. Bot. 88: 3. 1920, non Sphag- num americanum Warnst., 1911. Sphagnum molle var. cochabambae Maass, Nova Hedwigia 12: 85. 1966, nom. nud. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 115-137. 2001. CATALOG OF ACANTHACEAE IN EL SALVADOR Thomas F. Daniel Department of Botany California Academy of Sciences Golden Gate Park San Francisco, California 94118 BSTRACT. Sixty-seven species in 31 genera of Acanthaceae are documented from E] Salvador. Forty-three of these are native to the a including the following nine species, which are reported from El Salvador for - first time: Anisacanthus tetracaulis, Chileranthemum mee Dicliptera membranacea, D. sp., Dyschoriste ee Justicia ramosa, Ruellia hookeriana, R. paniculata, and Tetramerium tenuissimum. Thirty-four (79%) of the native species have been ee in El Salvador since 1960. The catalog of Salvadoran Acanthaceae presented includes the following information for each species: department(s) of occurrence, collections examined, local name(s), and medicinal/economic uses. INTRODUCTION El Salvador is the smallest country in Central America (with an area of about 21,000 square kilometers) and the most densely populated (with about 278 people per square kilometer). The country is considered to be generally deforested (Hamp- shire 1989) with little natural vegetation remaining (Gentry 1978). Although it has not received much attention from the plant taxonomic community in recent years (Bernhardt & Montalvo 1978), renewed collecting activities and a floristic listing project emanating from the Jardin Botanico La Laguna (Anonymous 1993) are currently underway. Standley and Calder6én (1925) listed 2,070 species of flowering plants from the country and Hampshire (1989) estimated that the total might be near 2,500. Re- cent collections of Acanthaceae from El Salvador have revealed some interesting range extensions for the country. Because many Acanthaceae thrive in disturbed habitats, it is possible that additional members of the family will be found there. Species not yet recorded from El Salvador, but likely to occur there (or to have occurred there prior to the recent extensive deforestation) based on their overall distributions and habitat preferences, include: Aphelandra aurantiaca Lindl., Car- lowrightia arizonica A. Gray, Hygrophila costata Nees, Justicia candelariae (Oerst.) Leonard, J. macrantha Benth., J. pectoralis Jacq., Lepidagathis alopecuroidea (Vahl) R. Br. ex Griseb., Poikilacanthus macranthus Lindau, Ruellia jussieuoides Schltdl. & Cham., R. matagalpae Lindau, R. nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb., R. stemonacanthoides (Oerst.) Hemsl., and Staurogyne agrestis Leonard. e following catalog was compiled in an effort to voucher those species of Acanthaceae known from the country, both currently and historically, and to bring their nomenclature up to date. Standley and Calderén (1925) and, subse- quently in a revised second edition, Calder6n and Standley (1941) listed 37 species = fae and exotic Acanthaceae in El Salvador. Guzman (1950) listed five species of mily as being of some use to man in El Salvador. Leonard (1927), Standley a Carlson (1948), and Daniel (1983, 1993) cited specimens representing other species found in the country. Gibson (1974) and Daniel (1995a) noted the occur- rence of several additional species in El Salvador in their distributions of taxa treated from Guatemala and Chiapas respectively, but they did not cite specific 115 116 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 collections from the country. The most recent listing of Acanthaceae in El Salva- dor is that of Berendsohn and Araniva (1989) who recognized 53 species in the country (including 16 non-native species). Few of the above-mentioned publications on the flora of El Salvador either documented taxa by citing specimens or provided keys for identification of species. The most useful reference for identifying Acan- thaceae in El Salvador is the treatment by Gibson (1974) in the Flora of Guatemala. In this annotated catalog 67 species of Acanthaceae in 31 genera are reported from El Salvador, all of which are documented by collections. Forty-three of these species (see Appendix) are considered to be native to the country and 24 are either cultivated or naturalized exotics. Among the native taxa, one genus (Chiler- anthemum Oerst.) and nine species are herewith reported from El Salvador for the first time: Anisacanthus tetracaulis, Chileranthemum pyramidatum, Dicliptera membranacea, D. sp., Dyschoriste hirsutissima, Justicia ramosa, Ruellia hookeriana, R. paniculata, and Tetramerium tenuissimum. Among the exotic species, Hypoestes phyllostachya is newly reported as naturalized in the country. Additional exotic Acanthaceae are undoubtedly cultivated in El Salvador. The types of eight names were collected in El Salvador: Aphelandra padillana, Henrya reticulata, H. longipes, Justicia salvadorensis, J. soliana, Sanchezia sprucei var. salvadorensis, Tetramerium calderonii, and T. standleyi. All were thought to represent taxa endemic to El Salvador at the time of their description. Studies during the past 25 years have shown that there are no species of Acanthaceae endemic to the country, and several species listed below have undoubtedly been extirpated from it through habitat destruction. Of the 43 species of Acanthaceae treated as native in El Salvador, 34 of them (79%) have been collected in the country since 1960 (Appendix). Figure | shows the major political boundaries (departments) within El Salva- dor and the number of native species of Acanthaceae known from each. The greatest number of species has been collected in western El Salvador (Ahua- chapan, Santa Ana, and Sonsonate). The northern contiguous departments of Cabanas, Chalatenango, and Cuscatlan constitute that portion of the country with the fewest collections of Acanthaceae. The reasons for this geographic discrepancy in the distributions of Salvadoran Acanthaceae are not completely understood. The diversity of ecological life zones in the western departments appears to be no greater than that in the northern departments (Holdridge 1978). Further, the diversity of ecological zones in San Salvador is approximately equivalent to that in Cuscatlan (Holdridge 1978); yet 16 species of Acanthaceae are known from the former department and only one from the latter. It appears that the diversity of ecological life zones alone cannot explain the patterns of species richness observed among the departments of El Salvador. Unfortunately, few collections of Acan- thaceae from El Salvador provide information on the type of vegetation or eco- logical zone in which they were collected. According to W. Berendsohn (pers. comm.), one likely explanation for the greater number of collections of Acan- thaceae in western El Salvador is the accessibility of this region, which has resulted in its being more thoroughly collected than the northern portions of the country. Other factors that might influence the distribution of Acanthaceae within the country include: 1) the sole occurrence of dry forest (“bosque seco tropical”) in northern Santa Ana; and 2) the presence of extensive natural areas in Ahuachapan, Son- sonate, and Santa Ana contrasted with the lack of (or presence of much smaller) such areas in Chaltenango, Cabafias, and Cuscatlan (Moran et al. 1985). In order to understand distribution patterns of Acanthaceae within El Salvador better, additional data on habitat preferences of individual species should be obtained. 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR Ty: Chalatenango 2 Ahuachapan 27 Sonsonate 19 oo 15 kilometers FIG. 1. Map of El Salvador showing political departments and the number of native species of Acanthaceae in each. The present study reveals that the acanthaceous flora of El Salvador is richer than previously thought. Recent collecting activities show 1) that most of the native taxa collected during the first half of the 20th century are still extant in the country (including some rare species, e.g., Aphelandra heydeana and Carlowrightia hintonii), and 2) additional taxa not previously known from the country are found there (e.g., Chileranthemum pyramidatum). Many of the most commonly collected species are noted to be weedy and/or to grow in disturbed habitats. These tenden- cies (adaptations) among certain Acanthaceae undoubtedly account for their con- tinued presence in a region with such severe environmental disturbance. Among the countries of Central America, only Honduras lacks a recent list- ing of Acanthaceae. A comparison of numbers of native Acanthaceae among the countries in this region reveals that Costa Rica is the most species-rich with 121 (based on Durkee 1986; Gémez-Laurito 1990; Gémez-Laurito & Grayum 1991; Daniel 1993, 1995a; Gémez-Laurito & Hammel 1994; Durkee & McDade 1996), followed by Guatemala with 119 (based on Gibson 1974; Daniel 1990c, 1993, 1995a, 1995c, 1997), Panama with 108 (based on Durkee 1978, 1999; D’Arcy 1987; Daniel & Wasshausen 1990; Daniel 1993; Daniel & McDade 1995), Honduras with 59 (based on Durkee and Daniel’s unpublished checklist of Acanthaceae for Flora Mesoamericana), Nicaragua with 57 (based on Durkee 1999, 2001), El Sal- vador with 43 (see below), and Belize with 40 (based on Daniel 1997). For each species listed below, the department(s) of occurrence and all collec- tions that I have examined and identified are cited in order to voucher the occur- rences and to provide a general indication of distribution within the country. The collections cited likely represent the vast majority of collections of Acanthaceae made in El Salvador. Local names and medicinal or economic uses of the plants as noted on herbarium labels are also given. Identification keys to most of these species can be found in the floristic accounts of nearby regions by Gibson (1974) and Daniel (1995a). Distinguishing features of species not treated in those accounts are provided herein. 118 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 CATALOG OF ACANTHACEAE IN EL SALVADOR Acanthus montanus T. Anderson La Lipertap: Berendsohn & Berendsohn WB 14 (MO); Montalvo 6226 (B, MO). This west African species is cultivated in El Salvador. It can be distinguished from all other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of its thistlelike habit with mostly radical and pinnatifid leaves, lack of cystoliths, corollas lacking an upper lip, and four monothecous stamens with woolly anthers. Anisacanthus tetracaulis Leonard Morazan: Tucker 629 (CAS, EAP, LL, MICH, NY, P, PH, UC, US). This species, originally described from Honduras (Leonard 1950), has not been reported previously from El Salvador. It is not known from either Guatema- la or Chiapas and differs from all other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the following combination of characteristics: shrubs to 3 m; calyx glandular pubescent; corollas red, ca. 2 cm long; stamens 2, staminodes 0; anthers 2-celled with thecae parallel, lacking basal appendages; pollen 3-colporate, 6-pseudocolpate; capsules ca. 1 mm long, glabrous; seeds flattened, ca. 4 mm in diameter. Aphelandra gigantiflora Lindau AHUACHAPAN: Castillo & Lopez s.n. (ISF00765) (CAS); Linares 875 (EAP); ise & Martinez 1967 EAP); Monro et al. 1934 (CAS, MO), 1991 (B, CAS, MO); Padilla V. 418 (US), “chuflete”; Sandoval & Chinchilla 31 (B, US), “camar6n morado”; Sandoval & Sandoval s.n. (MS- pon. (CAS), “cama- ron rojo,” s.n. (ISB00806) (B). “camaré6n rojo”; Sermeno 37 (B, MO, US), “camarén grande”; Stand- ley 19771 (GH, NY, US), 19972 (US; type of A. padillana Standl.); Standley & Padilla V. 2583 (EAP, F).—La BER TAU: Calder6én 1364 (NY, US), 1422 (NY, US); Carlson 89 (F, UC); Montalvo & Hates 6353 (B); Monro et a 2269 (CAS, MO): Renderos & Villacorta s.n. (RL-00036) (B, MO), ; Villacorta 503 (MO, US), “antorcha”; Weberling 2155 (M)—Santa Ana: Linares & Fac 1084 (EAP), 3939 (EA ). yw 2IoI2 (GH. NY, US), 21680 (NY, US).—Sonsonate: Standley 19315 (NY, US). Aphelandra heydeana Donn. Sm. La Lipertap: Calderon 1402 (GH, US).—Santa Ana: Villacorta & Puig C. 2406 (EAP, B). Aphelandra scabra (Vahl) Sm. AHUACHAPAN: Berendsohn et al. 1438 (B, MO, US), “camar6n rojo pequeiio”; Castillo s.n. Reieaiae (B), s.n. (1S8F00487) (CAS), s.n. (ISF00506) (B), s.n. (ISF00546) (CAS), “cola de camar6n,” s (ISF00730) (CAS), s.n. ee (CAS), “pitufo”; Linares & Martinez 3184 (EAP), 3196a (EAP) Sandoval s.n. (MS 3 CAS), “camar6n rojo”; Sandoval & Linares 1479 (CAS), “camar6n rojo”; Sandoval & Rivera oe ave (B), Se rojo”; ee & Sandoval 205 (CAS), “camar6n rojo,” s.n. (JBL 1370) (B, F, MO, US), “camaron rojo,” s.n. (MO); Sermefo 48 (B, MO, US), “camarén pequeno”; Standley 19893 (NY, US); Standley & Padilla V. 2883 (EAP, F); Villacorta & Martinez 629 (MO, US).—Cananas: Davidse et al. 37116 (CAS, MO).—La Lisertap: Sidwell et al. 461 (B, CAS, MO).—La Paz: Berendsohn et al. 1193 (B, US).—La Union: Barclay 2597 (US); Grant 713 (F, Sa eeae ae 20672 (NY, US), “cordoncillo,” 20855 (US), “palo de golpe.”—Morazan: sail 450 (F, MICH, NY, UC, US).—San Micuet: Seiler 808 (F); Tucker 931 (F, LL, MICH, NY, PH, UC, a Bre SALvApor: Calderén 210 (NY, US); Standley 19440 (NY, US).—Santa Ana: ee res & Martinez 974 (EAP), 1/56 (EAP), 2060 (EAP).—SaN Vicente: Standley 21220 (US): Standley & 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 1) Padilla V. 3708 (EAP, F).—SonsonaTeE: Standley 22166 (US), “oreja de coyote.” —UsuLUTAN: Carlson 643 (F, UC) Aphelandra schiedeana Schltdl. & Cham. AHUACHAPAN: Molina R. & Montalvo 21799 (EAP, F).—Santa Ana: Linares 279 (EAP), “camaron”; Williams 13563 (EAP, F); Williams et al. 15159 (EAP, F, MO).—Sonsonate: Molina R. & Montalvo 21622 (EAP, F, NY); Renderos & Villacorta 543 (B), “antorcha rosada.” Asystasia gangetica (L.) T. Anderson La Libertad: Montalvo 6243 (B, MO). This Old World species is cultivated in El Salvador. It is reported as natural- ized in various parts of tropical America (e.g., Costa Rica and Panama). It differs from other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of its herbaceous habit, unilateral racemes, infundibular corolla with ascending cochlear aestivation, four didynamous stamens with dithecous anthers, and four or fewer seeds lacking hy- groscopic trichomes. Barleria cristata L. A LiBERTAD: Berendsohn & Berendsohn WB 12 (MO), WB 165 (MO); Villacorta & Renderos s.n. pee 02603) (B).—SAN Sacvapor: Quintana s.n. (JBL 1324)(B, MO).—Santa Ana: Linares & Mar tinez 842 (EAP), 2193 (EAP). This Asian species is cultivated in El Salvador; on the label of Linares & Martinez 842 it is noted that plants grew along a road as a probable escape. The species differs from B. oenotheroides by its flowers in leaf axils along the stems (vs. flowers in terminal or subterminal, densely bracteate, four-sided spikes) with blue or white (vs. yellow when fresh) corollas. Barleria oenotheroides Dum. Cours. La Union: Standley 20822 (NY, US).—SAn Micuet: Monro et al. 2128 (B, CAS, MO); Renderos et al. 669 (CAS); Tucker 954 (EAP, F, LL, MICH, NY, PH, UC, US).—Santa Ana: Villacorta & Hernan- ae 1003 (US).—SAN Vicente: Standley 21740 (NY, US); Standley & Padilla V. 3671 (EAP, F).— Dept. unknown: Calderén 1940 (US). Blechum pyramidatum (Lam.) Urb. AHUACHAPAN: Chinchilla s.n. (MO); Chinchilla & Ch. A. s.n. (ISB00142) (B, US), “hierba del pollo”; Guerrero s.n. (ISF00213) (B, US), “hierba del tunco”; Linares & Martinez 2014 (EAP); Martinez s.n. (IS F00033)(B, MO); Sandoval & Sandoval 313 (CAS), “hierba buenilla.”—La Lipertap: Flores s.n. (WB-00405) (B), “corrimieneto”; Renderos & Villacorta s.n. (RL-00038) (B, US); Villacorta & Ber- endsohn s.n. (JBL00556) (MO); Williams & Molina R. 15067 (EAP, F).—La Paz: Sidwell et al. 621 AS).—Morazan: Tucker 434 (F, LL, MICH, NY, UC, US).—San Satvapor: Calderén 204 (NY, US); Carlson 45 (F, UC); Standley 19132 (US), 19202b (US), “correflucién,” remedy for swellings, 19373 (US); Villacorta 8140 (US).—Sonsonate: Molina R. & Montalvo 21702 (EAP, F); Standley 21835 (US), “cuchansayo,” 22095 (US), “corredora”; Tucker 1336 (F, MICH, UC, US). Bravaisia integerrima (Spreng.) Stand. La Lipertab: Allen 7201 (EAP, F, LL, MICH, NY, US).—San Micuet: Tucker 864 (F, K, MICH, UC, US); Villacorta 2379 (EAP, B).—Usu.uTAn: Calderén 2138 (GH, US). 120 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Carlowrightia hintonii T. F. Daniel AHUACHAPAN: Chinchilla et al. s.n. (1S B00283) (B, US), “hierba del coral”; Sandoval & Chinchilla 186 (B, US), “hierba de corral”; Standley & Padilla V. 2581 (EAP, F) A description, illustration, and discussion of this species were provided by Daniel (1983). Although also known from western Mexico, the only known occur- rence of C. hintonii in Central America is in El Salvador. A key to the three Central American species of Carlowrightia was provided by Daniel (1993). Car- lowrightia hintonii differs from other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of its white, pseudopapilionaceous corollas; pubescent capsules; and relatively large (4-4.8 mm in diameter), lenticular seeds with a swollen and irregularly pecti- nate margin. The species is known only from four collections, the type from Mexico and the three Salvadoran collections cited above. Daniel (1983) discussed the differ- ences between the Mexican and Salvadoran collections known at that time. San- doval & Chinchilla 186 and Chinchilla et al. s.n. differ from Standley & Padilla V. 2581 by their cauline pubescence (antrorse and entirely eglandular vs. erect to flexuose and including glandular trichomes). Sandoval & Chinchilla 186 (collected in 1992) and Chinchilla et al. s.n. (collected in 1994) were the first collections of the species from El Salvador in 45 years and represent the rediscovery (and per- sistence in the country) of a rarely collected species. Additional collections and study of this species are desirable. Chileranthemum pyramidatum (Lindau) T. F. Daniel AHUACHAPAN: Sandoval & Chinchilla 618 (CAS, MO), “estefanote.” This is the first report of this genus from El Salvador and the first report of its occurrence south or east of Guatemala. The species can be distinguished from all other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by its androecium of two dithecous stamens and two staminodes, its heterostylous flowers with pink-purple corollas, and its calyces 11-14 mm long with broadly triangular lobes 2-4 mm wide. The only known Salvadoran collection, that cited above, differs from plants occurring in Mexico and Guatemala by its bracteoles, which are lanceolate to lance-subulate and 3.5-8 mm long (vs. triangular-subulate to subulate and 1-4 mm long): calyx with the tube (8-10 vs. 2.5-5 mm long) longer than (vs. shorter than to as long as) the lobes; and capsule with sparse eglandular trichomes distally (vs. glabrous). The specimen of Sandoval & Chinchilla 618 at MO differs from that at CAS (and from other collections of the species) by its multiflowered (up to 16 flowers vs. 1—3- flowered) dichasia from the axils of distal leaves and bracts (vs. in a terminal thyrse). Other aspects of this species were discussed by Daniel (1995b). Additional material from El Salvador is desirable in order to understand better the variation of the species in that country. Crossandra infundibuliformis Nees La Lipertap: Berendsohn & Berendsohn WB 63 (MO); Montalvo 6239 (B). This species, native to Africa, Arabia, and the Indian subcontinent, is cultivated in El Salvador, It differs from all other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the following combination of characters: perennial herbs with long (overtopping vegetative 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 121 growth) pedunculate spikes; five heteromorphic calyx lobes; reddish or orangish corollas with a single, five-lobed lip; and four monothecous stamens. The distinc- tions between the commonly cultivated species C. nilotica Oliver and C. infundibu- liformis were discussed by Daniel and Chuang (1998). Dicliptera membranacea Leonard AHUACHAPAN: Standley 19809 (GH, US); Standley & Padilla V. 2600 (F, US).—SonsonaTe: Standley 21828 (GH, NY, US). These specimens most closely resemble D. membranacea among the Central American species of Dicliptera. Because the genus is in need of revision, the determination must be considered somewhat tentative. This species has not been reported previously from El Salvador. Dicliptera sexangularis (L.) Juss. AHUACHAPAN: Molina R. & Montalvo 21815 (EAP, F, NY); Standley 20224 (US).—La LiBerTap: Standley 23414 (US).—SAN SALvapor: Calder6n 2076 (US); Standley 22552 (US), 22689 (US).—San VICENTE: Standley 21415 (US).—SonsonaTe: Standley 21802 (US), “tinta montafes,” 22267 (US), 23435 (US). On several collections it is noted that the species grows in disturbed habitats or is weedy. Dicliptera unguiculata Nees AHUACHAPAN: Standley 20030 (NY, US); Standley & Padilla V. 2730 (F).—SAN SALvapor: Calderén 2241 (NY, US).—Santa Ana: Linares & Martinez 2086 (EAP). Dicliptera sp. Morazan: Tucker 748 (CAS, UC, US). This collection from the southern slopes of Mt. Cacaguatique at 1300 meters represents a taxon with similarities to D. membranacea. It differs from that species by its larger bracts subtending the cymes (14-30 X 4.5-11 vs. 6-15 x 3.5-6 mm) that are conspicuously petiolate (vs. sessile to subsessile), outer cymule bracteoles ovate to elliptic (vs. obovate to subelliptic), and longer corollas (26-30 mm vs. 16— 26 mm). Its taxonomic disposition must await revisionary studies among all of the American species of the genus. Dyschoriste hirsutissima (Nees) Kuntze Dept. unknown: “Andes de S. Salvador,” von Tuerckheim 83039 (MPU). The exact locality of this collection is unknown to me. Von Tuerckheim col- lected extensively in portions of Guatemala but was not noted to have collected in El Salvador by Vegter (1988). Whether from Guatemala or El Salvador, this is the first report of the species south of Chiapas, Mexico. Dyschoriste quadrangularis (Oerst.) Kuntze AHUACHAPAN: Standley 19746 (NY, US). 22 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Elytraria imbricata (Vahl) Pers. AHUACHAPAN: Castillo s.n. (IS FGO753) Sit Chinchilla s.n. (MO), Chinchilla & Ch. A. s.n. (ILSBO0135) (B), “coq ae Linares & Martinez 2002 (EAP); Padilla V. 131 (US), 348 (US), “canutilla,” “tabaquillo,” MO, US), 430 (US), “coquillo”; Sandoval & Chinchilla 1503 (B, US), “coquillo”; ee 054 eae os “guacoco.”—LA LIBERTAD: Campos & iarha sn. (RL-00048) (B); Carlson 299 (EAP, F, UC), “guacoquillo”; Flores s.n. (JBLOOS88) (MO), * uillo”; oe 3313 (M Villacorta 606 (MO Oy Williams puiniat R. ee (EAP).—La fone Grane 710 (F, MICH).— Morazan: Tucker 467 (F, LL, MICH, NY, P, PH, UC, US).—San Micue-: Seiler 804 (F); Standley 21044 (US), * i) US), “coquillo”; Standley 19200a (US), “coquillo,” crushed leaves and roots used as remedy for pimples, 19456 (US), “coquillo,” remedy for stomach troubles, 22600 (US), “guacoco,” remedy for dysentery; Velasco 8928 (US).—SANTA ANA: Berendsohn WB-506 (B, MO); Linares 669 (EAP).—SAN Vicente: Standley 21637 (US), “trencilla.”— SONSONATE: Standley 21962 (US), “trencilla,” remedy for dysentery, 23532 (NY, US), “cacahuillo.” Eranthemum pulchellum Andr. La Lipertap: Berendsohn & Berendsohn 5 (MO); Montalvo 6223 (CAS, MO). This native of the Indian subcontinent is cultivated in El Salvador. It differs from all other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of its densely bracte- ate spikes, prominently nervose bracts, blue corollas with contorted aestivation and five subequal lobes, two stamens with dithecous anthers, and two staminodes. Fittonia albivenis (Lindl. ex Veitch) Brummitt La Lipertan: Berendsohn WB 66 (MO), WB 67 (MO); Montalvo 6280 (B, MO). This native of western and northern South America is cultivated in El Salva- dor. It differs from other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of its low (often matlike) stature, leaves with prominent reddish or whitish veins, small (ca. 10-15 mm long) and yellowish corollas, and two dithecous stamens. Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff. SAN VICENTE: Standley & Padilla V. 3528 (F). This Papuasian species is cultivated in El Salvador. It differs from other Acan- thaceae there by the combination of its variegated leaves, calyx 3-5 mm long, metallic pink corollas with a conspicuously funnelform tube and a strongly bilabi- ate limb, and an androecium of two dithecous stamens and two staminodes. Guzman (1950) noted that the leaves are used in washing. Hemigraphis alternata (Burm. f.) T. Anderson La Lipertab: Berendsohn 8 (MO). This species, native to southeastern Asia, is cultivated in El Salvador. It dif- fers from other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of its creeping habit, cordate leaves with the abaxial surface purplish and the margin crenate, inflores- cences of pedunculate spikes, small (ca. 10 mm long) and white corollas with contorted aestivation, four stamens with dithecous anthers, and linear-cylindric capsules less than 10 mm long. 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 123 Henrya insularis Nees ex Benth. AHUACHAPAN: Sandoval & Chinchilla 1069 (CAS, MO), “buenilla de altura”; Sandoval & Sandoval s.n. (ISB00844) (CAS), “hierba del cadejo falsa”; Standley 20221 (US; type of H. reticulata Happ); Standley & Padilla V. 2582 (F), 2743 (EAP, F).—CHALATENANGO: Molina R. & Montalvo 21584 (EAP, F).—La Lisertap: Villacorta & Lemus 246 (B, F, MO); Wilbur et al. 16365 (F, MICH, MO).— SAN SALVADOR: Calderén 2283 (F; type of H. longipes Happ); Standley 20449 (GH, NY, US), 23103 (NY, US).—San VicenTE: Standley 21424 (GH, NY, US); Standley & Padilla V. 3358 (F), 3583 (EAP, F, UC, US).—Sonsonate: Standley 21801 (NY, US) The various forms of this species were discussed by Daniel (1990a). Hypoestes phyllostachya Baker La Lipertan: Flores JF-00143 (MO); Monro et al. 2323 (B, CAS, MO). This Malagasy species appears to be both cultivated and naturalized in El Salvador; Flores 143 is from a botanical garden, whereas Monro et al. 2323 is noted to be weedy in a cafetal at 1000 m. This commonly cultivated plant is rapidly becoming established in parts of Mexico (Daniel 1995a) and Central Amer- ica [e.g., Costa Rica: Feldman 1998; Feldman & Haber 1998; Honduras: Trochez 244 (MO), Gutiérrez-Cortines 176 (MO)]. It is easily distinguished from all other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of leaves with pink spots and two stamens with monothecous anthers. It is described and illustrated by Daniel (1995a). Justicia aurea Schltdl. AHUACHAPAN: Renderos 110 (B), “antorcha amarilla,” cultivated —La Lipertap: Berendsohn 10 (CAS), net 356 Ney cultivated; Carlson 142 (EAP, F, UC); pia (Berendsohn 902) (B, MO).— AN: Tuc 85 (F, MICH, UC, US).—San Satvapor: Molina R. & Montalvo 21854 (EAP, F, a eae Be (US), 23178 (MO, NY, US).—Santa Ana: Linares 324 (EAP); Williams et al. 15071 (F).—SonsonaTe: Molina R. & Montalvo 21764 (EAP, F This species is both cultivated and native in El Salvador. Renderos 110 has red corollas and conforms to J. aurea forma erythrina (Standl. & Steyerm.) D. N. Gibson. Justicia betonica L. La Lipertab: Villacorta 243 (MO, US). This native of the Indian subcontinent is cultivated in El Salvador. The spe- cies has not been reported from Chiapas or Guatemala although it is often culti- vated for ornament in tropical America and becomes naturalized in some tropical regions (e.g., Hawai’i). It differs from other Salvadoran Justicia by its long (up to 16 cm) spikes with white to pinkish (with dark purple markings) corollas subtended by relatively large (ca. 10 mm long) bracts that are white with dark green venation. Justicia brandegeana Wassh. & L. B. Sm. La Lipertap: Berendsohn 13 (MOQ). This species is native to the Sierra Madre Oriental of northeastern Mexico and is cultivated in El Salvador. It can be distinguished from native Salvadoran 124 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 species of Justicia by its dense nodding spikes with ovate, reddish bracts subtend- ing elongate, white (spotted with maroon) corollas. Justicia breviflora (Nees) Rusby CuscatLAn: Calderén 2413 (F; type of J. salvadorensis Standl.). The morphological diversity of /. breviflora in southern Mexico and northern Central America was discussed by Daniel (1995a). Study of the holotype of J. salvadorensis reveals that it is indistinguishable from J. breviflora as currently treated, and the former name is herewith included within the synonymy of the latter. Justicia carthaginensis L. AHUACHAPAN: Castillo. s.n. _ (ESF00495) (B), “hierba del susto”; Chinchilla & Chinchilla R. s.n. (1SB00279) KCAS. US), “hierba del susto 0 santisima tr”; Escobar & Sandoval s.n. aoe ee “hierba de jestis”; Gana & horace 77 (B, US), “santisima trinidad”; Sermefio s.n. (MO, US), “hierba del susto,” “hierba buenilla del susto”; Standley 19723 (MO, NY, US), “hierba de ne santisi- ma trinidad”; Standley & Padilla V. 2600 (EAP): Villacorta 2226 (B, MO), “hierba del susto,” culti- vated as dooryard plant and used to bathe frightened children—La Liserrap: Molina et al. 16682 (EAP).—La Paz: Berendsohn et al. 119] (B, US), “hierba del susto.,—La Union: Grant 708 (F).— SAN SALVADOR: Calderén 199 (US), “hierba del susto,” 1265 (NY, US), “hierba del susto”; Standley 19264a (US), “hierba del susto,” remedy for spasms in children, 19432 (NY, US), “hierba del sus- to."—SANTA Ana: Linares 3958 (EAP); Linares & Martinez 3974 (EAP).—Sonsonate: Standley 19333 (NY, US), “hierba del susto,” remedy for fits and spasms in children. Both narrow-leaved individuals (e.g., Villacorta 2226) and broad-leaved indi- viduals (e.g., Berendsohn et al. 1191) are represented among the Salvadoran col- lections of this species. Daniel (1995a) discussed narrow-leaved plants of J. carthagenensis that were treated by Gibson (1972) as a distinct species, J. coryni- morpha D. N. Gibson. Labels of several Salvadoran specimens note that plants grow in disturbed habitats. Justicia colorifera V. A. W. Graham AHUACHAPAN: Chinchilla . Loss sn. (LSBOOOSS) Lear US); Guerrero s.n. ee (B, US), “arbusto de tinta”; Lopez (TSF ) (B); Martinez & S.C. s.n. (ISFO0025) (B, US), “tintura de yodo 6 ene ee sipiciet para curar iecoe reumatismo, cura el bocio”; Padilla V. 96 (US), “saca- tinta,” “hierba de Santa Inés,” “hierba de la santisima trinidad,” 340 (US), “sacatinta”: Sandoval et al. S.A. eae (CAS), “curarina negra”; Standley 19715a (US), “saca-tinta,” remedy for gonorrhoea; ee & Padilla V. 2925 (EAP, F).—La Lipertap: Montalvo 6232 (B, MO, US), remedy for hooping cough, source of ink; Sidwell et al. 484 (CAS, MO).—San SALvapor: Calder6n 273 (NY, — ee ‘Bacalinia” aoe 492 (F); Renson 137 (NY, US), “zaca-tinta”; panes 22795 (MO, NY, US), “saca- —SAN NA! ee 750 (F); Linares & Martinez 2458 pn 2469 (EAP, MQ); Ries : Padilla v. ey (EAP, F); Villacorta & Hernandez 990 , US), “cuajatinta.”—San (B, Vicente: Standley 21/411 (NY, ee ‘saca-tinta’ ee dley & Padilla V. ee (EAD) 3704 (EAP, UC).— SONSONATE: Pittier 1970 (NY, US); Standley 22154 (NY, US), “saca-tinta”; Villacorta & Navarrete (RV-02670) (B). This species has been commonly confused with J. spicigera (see Daniel 1995a). Most Salvadoran collections have been identified as the latter species. Both species are often cultivated in Central America for use as a bluing agent in laundering fabric (based on information on most specimens cited above and in Williams, 1981). Many, but not all, collections were noted to have come from cultivated 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR Np) plants. Calderén and Standley (1941) questioned whether this species, as Jacobinia spicigera (Schltdl.) L. H. Bailey, is native in El Salvador. Daniel (1995a) noted that plants of this species in Chiapas, Mexico, have red corollas. Some of the Salvadoran collections note that the corollas are red and yellow. Collections of this species with fruits are rare and were unknown to Daniel (1995a). Fruits and seeds are present on both Linares and Martinez collections from Santa Ana and can be described as follows: capsules 15-19 mm long, gla- brous, stipe 6-9 mm long, head with a slight medial constriction, 9-10 mm long; seeds 4, + flattened laterally (sublenticular), 3-4 mm long, 2.7-3.1 mm wide, sur- face subrugose, margin + tuberculate. Justicia comata (L.) Lam. La UNION: rare 2372 (F, US); Standley 20963 (US).—Santa Ana: Standley & Padilla V. 3097 (EAP, F).—San VicenTE: Fassett 28345 (F, MICH), 29788 (F, MICH); Standley 21446 (US).—Usv- LUTAN: Villacorta s.n. LR. 02602) (B).—Dept. unknown: Seiler 590 (F). Justicia pectoralis Jacq. La Lipertap: Villacorta 2265 (B), “hierba del susto,” used to bathe recently born children as a remedy against fright, cultivated. This collection was noted to have been cultivated in the Jardin Botanico La Laguna. The same local name and medicinal use ascribed to this species on the specimen label were recorded for J. carthagenensis and some confusion may be involved. The sole specimen examined comprises a young plant with floral buds only. The specimen shows one unusual character, the presence at some inflores- cence nodes of more than one axillary branch resulting in a subverticillate aspect to some of the branches along the primary inflorescence rachis. This is one of the diagnostic characteristics of J. comata, a species often confused with J. pectoralis. These two species can be distinguished by the following couplet: Young stems unifariously pubescent; inflorescence branches usually alternate or opposite at nodes (not appearing verticillate); bracts and bracteoles abaxially glandular; calyx abaxially glandular, lobes unequal with the posterior lobe greatly reduced in size; corolla 7.5-10 mm long, externally pubescent throughout; capsule 5.5—9 mm long. dh fens Young stems glabrous or sparsely bifariously pubescent; inflorescence branches congested a nodes and appearing ne bracts and bracteoles abaxially eglandular; calyx eae glabrous, lobes coe corolla 3-6 mm long, externally pubescent on anterior side only; capsule 3-4 mm long J. comata With the exception noted above, Villacorta 2265 agrees with J. pectoralis in all other characters that can be observed on the specimen. Justicia pectoralis is also to be expected as a native plant in noncultivated habitats in the country. Justicia ramosa (Oerst.) V. A. W. Graham AHUACHAPAN: Sermenho 139 (B, MO, US). This species has not previously been reported for El Salvador. Daniel (1995a) noted its occurrence in Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, and Colombia (based, in part, on information provided by Hilsenbeck, 1983, who treated this species as Siphonoglossa ramosa Oerst.). 126 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Justicia soliana Stand. AHUACHAPAN: Berendsohn et al. 1354 (B, MO, US); Calderon s.n. (ISF 826) (CAS), “cuajatinta”; Chinchilla s.n. (ISB00106)(B, MO, US), “camaroncillo”; Chinchilla et al. s.n. (JBL1418)(B, MO, US); Chinchilla R. & Pérez s.n. (ISBO00785) (CAS), “camaroncillo”; Davidse et al. 37428 (B, CAS, MO); Linares 887 (EAP); Martinez s.n. (ISF00078), “tinter6n”; Molina R. & Montalvo 21798 (EAP, F, NY); Morono et al. 1906 (CAS, MO), 1986 (CAS, MO); Padilla V. 13 (US, in part); Sandoval s.n. (MS-357) (CAS), “tinta montés”; Sandoval & Chinchilla 38 (B, US), “langosta”; Sandoval & Sandoval s.n. (MS-00245) (CAS), “fosforito,” s.n. (JBL01366) (CAS, MO), “fosforito de altura”; Sermeno 18 (MO, US); Standley 19777 (NY, US), 20009 (NY, US), 20056 (NY, US); Standley . Padilla VW 2555) (EAP, F, UC), 2669 (EAP, US).—La Lipertap: Calderon 1408 (MO, NY, US).—SaAn MIGUEL: ee 21149 (NY, US).—Santa Ana: del Cid 1982 (US), Williams 13362 (EAP); Williams et al. (EAP), 15/83 (EAP, F, MO, US).—Sonsonate: Linares 2508 (EAP, MO); Molina R. & co 21599 (EAP, F, NY); Standley 19313 (NY, US), 19325 (US; type). Chinchilla R. & Pérez s.n. lacks the glands on the distal portion of the bracts and bracteoles that are otherwise present in individuals of this species. Justicia spicigera Schltdl. SAN SALVADOR: Renson 136 (NY, US), used as a fea agent in laundry.—Dept. unknown: “Amer. centr. Andes de S. Salvador,” von Tuerckheim 83038 (MPU). See above under J. colorifera. Justicia sulphurea (Donn. Sm.) D. N. Gibson AHUACHAPAN: Padilla V. 40 (US); Standley 20141 (GH, NY, US). Lophostachys guatemalensis Donn. Sm. AHUACHAPAN: nl acheumc s.n. (ISB00022)(CAS, MO, US), “chorcha de gualchoca”; Padilla V. 13 (US, in part), 25 (US), “ray ag neta & Chinchilla 185 (B), “chorcha de gualchoca”; Sermefio 70 (B, US), “hierba santa.’ a NA: Villacorta & Hernandez 991 (B, MO, US).—SaN VICENTE: Stand- ley 21673 (GH, US).—Dept. ‘ae Calderon 2016 (US). Megaskepasma erythrochlamys Lindau La Lipertab: Berendsohn & Berendsohn WB 16 (MO), WB 158 (MO); Montalvo 6225 (B, MO).— Santa Ana: Gonzalez 394 (B), “plumero-antorcha roja.” Although the native range of M. erythrochlamys is not known with certainty, this species is usually presumed to have come from northern South America. It appears to be only cultivated in El Salvador; however, on the label of Gonzdlez 394 it is noted only that the plant grew along a street. It differs from other genera of Acanthaceae in El Salvador by the combination of its large inflorescences with bright reddish bracts more than 3 cm long, white corollas, and 6- or more-apertu- rate pollen with the surface covered by discrete insulae. Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng. AHUACHAPAN: Chinchilla s.n. (IS BO0195)(B, MO, US), “larva de papaluta”; Sandoval & Sandoval s.n. (1SB00818) (B), “hierbabuenilla de costa."—La Lipertap: Gonzalez 304 (B); Gonzdlez & Villacorta 137 (B, US).—La Paz: Calderén 291 (MO, NY, US).—La Union: Standley 20933 (NY, US).—San MiGueL: Standley 21019 (US).—SAN SALVADOR: Molina R. & Montalvo 21539 (EAP, F, NY).—SaAntTa 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR Pay] Ana: Standley & Padilla V. 3061 (EAP, F).—SAn Vicente: Standley 21181 (MO, NY, US); Standley & Padilla V. 3679 (EAP, F, US).—Sonsonate: Standley 21916 (MO, NY, US), 22025 (US), 23441 (MO, NY, US). This species is not presently known from either Guatemala or Chiapas but might be expected to occur in both. It can be distinguished from other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the combination of its opposite and evenly dispersed leaves, densely pubescent and densely bracteate spikes, heteromorphic calyx lobes with the anterior pair fused for more than one-half their length, twice divided stigma, and capsules lacking retinacula. Collections note that the species often grows in disturbed habitats where it can be wee Most American specimens have been named either as N. campestris R. Br. or N. brunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze. Opinion varies as to whether a single variable species (Hossain 1984) or several species (Bremekamp 1964; Barker 1986) should be recognized. The genus appears to be native in Africa, Asia, and Australia. It is not known with certainty whether it is native or introduced in tropical America. Hossain (1984) noted that N. canescens is a pantropical weed that was likely introduced into Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies. Humboldt and Bonpland collected it from northern South America in the early 19th century. If introduced into the New World by human activities, it must have been so at a relatively early time. Until additional data are presented on the taxonomy and distribution of the genus, it is here tentatively treated as native in the American tropics. Odontonema cuspidatum (Nees) Kuntze SANTA ANA: Montalvo & de Menjiver 3969 (F). This species, native to southern Mexico and the West Indies, is cultivated in El Salvador. Odontonema tubaeforme (Bertol.) Kuntze AHUACHAPAN: Calderén s.n. raat (CAS); Castillo s.n. (ISF00512) (B); Chinchilla & Sandoval Sn. . (ISBO0175) (B, MO), * bricera de altura”; Chinchilla et al. s.n. (ISBO0104) (CAS), “lombricera de altura”; D.F.M. s.n. ete 8) (B), “cola de camarén”; F.C. P. & R.A.S. s.n. (ISBO00215)(B, MO), Elomoncer roja,” “utilizada como medicinal para expulsar lombrices”; Padilla V. 14 (US), “flor de ee 19 (US), “San Benito,” 260 ( (US), “chula”; SeeOmey s.n. (MS-352) (CAS), “lom- bricer ; Sandoval & Sandoval es eee “lombricera roja,” s.n. (1SB00794) ae ‘lombricera roja”; ee 940 (F); Sermefio 38 (B, O, US), “lombricera”; Standley 19808 (US), 20155 (NY, US), “palito de coral”; Standley & ie V. 2623 (EAP, F, US).—La Lisertap: Carlson 83 (EAP, F, UC): aoe s.n. (Berendsohn 901)(B, MO); Villacorta & Araniva RV-00020 (MO).—MoRAZAN: Tucker 702 (F, MICH, UC, US).—San SALvapor: Leppik 20 (EAP); Molina R. & Montalvo 21850 (EAP, F, NY); es 20539 (US).—Santa Ana: Linares 4176 (EAP); Montalvo & Vargas 3245 (F).—SAN VICENTE: Standley 21666 (US).—Sonsonate: Pittier 1944 (NY, US); Standley 21870 (US).—Dept. unknown: Calderon 333 (NY, US), “sacatinta montés,” 1969 (US). Some of the Salvadoran collections (e.g., Carlson 83, Montalvo & Vargas 3245, Tucker 702, and Villacorta & Araniva RV-00020) represent the species as circumscribed by Daniel (1995c). However, most of the specimens listed above share similarities with both O. tubaeforme and O. glaberrimum (M. E. Jones) V. M. Baum, a species of Mexico and Guatemala. They differ from the former and resemble the latter by their glabrous (or nearly so) rachises and opposite dichasia. 128 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 They differ from latter and resemble the former by their cauline pubescence (bifarious, retrorse eglandular trichomes 0.2—0.5 mm long) and corollas (i.e., throats 9-11 mm long and limbs 3-5 mm long). Other specimens (e.g., Pittier 1944, Stand- ley 21870, and Standley & Padilla V. 2623) resemble O. tubaeforme but apparently lack only the whorled dichasia characteristic of that species. Sermefio 38 at lacks whorled dichasia whereas the specimen at US has them. Both specimens have a glabrous rachis, however. It is not known whether these specimens repre- sent an expression of O. tubaeforme that often lacks whorled dichasia and is variable in pubescence, hybrids involving O. tubaeforme and O. glaberrimum, or one or more other species that remain inadequately circumscribed. Until species limits have been adequately studied in Central American Odontonema, all of these collections are tentatively treated as part of a morphologically variable O. tubaeforme. Pachystachys lutea Nees La Lipertap: Berendsohn & Berendsohn WB 214 (MO), Montalvo 6224 (B, MO), “camar6én amarillo.” This native of Peru is cultivated in El Salvador. It differs from other Salvadoran Acanthaceae by the following combination of character states: large (i.e., conceal- ing the calyx and bracteoles), cordate to broadly ovate, and bright yellow bracts arranged in a dense, four-sided terminal spike; large (45-55 mm long) and white corollas; and two stamens with green, dithecous anthers. Pseuderanthemum carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin La Lipertap: Choussy 24 (US); Standley 23667 (US). This native of the western Pacific region is cultivated in El Salvador. Numer- ous previously recognized species have been treated recently under this name (e.g., Howard 1989; Fosberg et al. 1993). Pseuderanthemum fasciculatum (Oerst.) Leonard AHUACHAPAN: Standley Padilla V. 3013 (EAP, F).—CHALATENANGO: Tucker 10/2 (ARIZ, COLO, P, F, GH, LL, MICH, MIN, MO, NY, PH, UC, US).—Morazan: Seiler 1054 (F).—SAnta ANA: Carlson 859a (F), 878 a UC): Molina R. & Molina 12643 (EAP); Molina R. et al. 16886 (EAP, F). This species was noted as occurring in El Salvador by Daniel (1995a). Most specimens cited above had been identified as P. praecox (Benth.) Leonard, and Gibson (1974) noted the occurrence of P. praecox in El Salvador. The putative distinctions between these and other species of Pseuderanthemum in northern Latin America are in need of study. Pseuderanthemum sp. La Lipertap: Standley 23680 (US); Villacorta & Lépez 269 (MO).—SAN SALvapor: Calderén 650 (US); Standley 23631 (GH, NY, US).—Dept. unknown: Choussy 45 (US). There is neither a satisfactory treatment of Pseuderanthemum nor a revision of the various species of the genus that are cultivated in the New World. These collections, all from cultivated plants, differ somewhat from those of P. carruthersii, but determination of their identity or identities must await additional studies of 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 129 the genus. Calderon and Standley (1941) listed P. laxiflorum (A. Gray) Hubbard, P. malaccense Lindau, and P. pulchellum Merrill as species cultivated in El Salva- dor based on several of the collections cited above. Ruellia donnell-smithii Leonard AHUACHAPAN: Sandoval & Chinchilla 70 (CAS, US), “hierba de bermuda”; Standley 20308 (NY, US): Standley & Padilla V. 2844 (EAP, F).—La Lipertan: Carlson 189 (F, UC).—SAN SaLvapor: Standley 22513 (US).—Sonsonate: Pittier 1971 (NY, US); Standley 19337 (US), 21759 (NY, US), 22099 (NY, US), 23446 (US).—Dept. unknown: Calderén 1908 (US). Ruellia geminiflora H. B. K. Morazan: Gonzalez 147 (B).—SaAn SALVADOR: Renson 269 (NY, US).—Santa Ana: Standley 20392 (GH, US). On the label of Gonzalez 147 unspecified medicinal uses are noted for this species. Guzman (1950) reported that the roots are dried and made into a powder that is efficacious as an emetic and that an alcoholic tincture made from the plant is useful for chronic jaundice and intestinal obstructions. Ruellia hookeriana (Nees) Hemsl. SANTA ANA: Calderon 985 (US); Davidse & Pohl 2065 (MO); Linares 571 (EAP): Linares & Martinez 2894 (EAP); Standley 20414 (US).—Dept. unknown: Choussy 69 (US). El Salvador was included within the range of this species by Daniel (1995a), and the specimens cited above substantiate its occurrence there for the first time. Ruellia inundata H. B. K. AHUACHAPAN: Castillo s.n. ee ey (CAS), “hierba del cadejo”; Chinchilla s.n. (ISB00346) (B, US), “hierba del cadejo”; Linares & Martinez 1974 (EAP); Sandoval & Chinchilla 157 (B, MO, US), ee del cadejo”; Sandoval 3 Cio 244 (CAS), by del cadejo”; Standley 19915 (NY, US), Z (US), “hierba de cabra”; Villacorta & Martinez 641 (MO, US).—La Lipertapb: Cruz s.n. (Ber- eye 472) (B); Molina R. et al. 56686 (EAP, F, NY); eee & Berendsohn 1035 (B, MO).—La Union: Beetle 26266 (US); oe 712 (F, MICH), 729 (F); Standley 20665 (NY, US), “chancho de monte.”—SAN MIGUEL: Tucker 885 (F, MICH, UC, US).—San SaLvapor: Galgeren 225 (NY, US); Renson 109 (NY, US); Standley 19443 (NY, US).—Santa Ana: Berendsohn 505 (B, MO); Linares 354 (EAP), 2/33 (EAP).—San VicenTE: Standley 21257 (US); Standley & Padilla V. 3457 (EAP, F).— SONSONATE: Gonzalez 74 (B, US); Standley 21902 (US).—USUuULUTAN: Carlson 650 (F) Ruellia malacosperma Greenm. SAN SALVADOR: Calderén 570 (GH, US), “ala de angel”; Standley 22636 (GH, NY, US), “campanilla ala de angel.” The collections cited above were noted as either cultivated or found in a garden. Daniel (1995a) discussed this species and its close relative R. coerulea Morong (=R. brittoniana Leonar Ruellia megasphaera Lindau AHUACHAPAN: Standley 19968 (US).—SaAN SaLvapor: Standley 20498 (GH, NY, US).—Santa Ana: Villacorta & Hernandez 989 (B, MO, US).—Sonsonate: Pittier 1967 (US) 130 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Ruellia metallica Leonard AHUACHAPAN: Sandoval & Roman 1496 (CAS, US), “gualchoca”; Sermefo 93 (B, MO), “hierba om talepate”; Standley 19772 (NY, US), 20171 (US), 20276 (NY, US).—Sonsonate: Tucker 1335 MICH, UC, US). Some of the specimens cited above do not show well the linear to lanceolate terminal bracts usually attributed to the species. Tucker 1335 at MICH has ovate to lanceolate to elliptic bracts, however, that are similar to bracts seen in other specimens of this species, and Standley 19772 shows the typical terminal bracts. Ruellia paniculata L. La Union: Carlson 666 (EAP, F, UC); Davidse et al. 37349 (CAS, MO).—Santa Ana: Carlson 1008 (F). This species has not been reported previously from El Salvador. Ruellia puberula (Leonard) Tharp & F. A. Barkley La Union: Calderén 2368 (F); Williams & Molina R. 16728 (EAP, F).—SaAn MIGUEL: Standley 21051 (US).—Santa Ana: Calderon 2/84 (US); Linares 2640 (EAP, MO); Standley & Padilla V. 3245 (F). This taxon was first reported from El Salvador by Leonard (1927) as R. nudi- flora var. puberula Leonard. As interpreted here, R. puberula shows morphologi- cal variation that has not been adequately studied. Standley & Padilla V. 3245 at F differs from most of the other collections by having entirely eglandular calyces (cf. discussion of R. puberula in Daniel, 1995a). Calyces of the other specimens are glandular except for Calderén 2368, which has one plant with glandular calyces and another plant with eglandular calyces. Calder6n 2368 and Williams & Molina R. 16728 differ from the other collections cited by their near or complete lack of glandular trichomes on the young stems. In this regard, these two specimens agree with the description of the species provided by Daniel (1995a) for Chiapan plants. Daniel (1995a) discussed some of the distinctions between this species and both R. nudiflora and R. intermedia. Ruellia puberula would appear to differ from the widespread R. nudiflora principally by its lack of a terminal glandular thyrse and its mostly eglandular as aa Additional studies of species boundaries in this complex are desirable Sanchezia parvibracteata Sprague & Hutch. AHUACHAPAN: Padilla V. 173 (US).—La Lipertap: Berendsohn 9 (MO); Carlson 282 (EAP, F).—SAN SALVADOR: Calderén S88 (NY, US); Standley 19362 (NY, US); Velasco 8985 (US; type of S. sprucet var. salvadorensis Donn. Sm.). This tropical American native is cultivated in El Salvador. Stenandrium pedunculatum (Donn. Sm.) Leonard Santa Ana: Linares 589 (EAP); Weberling & Schwanitz 2273 (M). This species was reported from El Salvador by Daniel (1993), who also provided a key to the three species of Stenandrium occurring in Central America. 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 1 Tetramerium nemorum Brandegee SANTA ANA: Standley & Padilla V. 3220a (EAP, F, US). This species was figured and listed as occurring in El Salvador by Gibson (1974) under the name Averia longipes (Standl.) Leonard. See Daniel (1986) for a discussion of Averia Leonard. Tetramerium nervosum Nees AHUACHAPAN: Sandoval s.n. (MS-319) (CAS), “hierba de pollo”; Sandoval & Chinchilla 141 (CAS, MO), “crisalia”; Sandoval & Roman 1509 (CAS), “pollo de altura”; Sandoval & Sandoval 260 (CAS), “hierba buenilla de montafia”; Standley & Padilla V. 2422 (EAP), 2874 (EAP); Villacorta & Sandoval 949 (B, MO, US).—La Lipertap: Molina R. et al. 16689 (EAP, F, NY, US); Villacorta 222 (MO, US); Williams & Molina R. 15039 (EAP).—LA UNION: Grant 723 (A, F, MICH); Standley 20680 (US; type of T. ees Happ).—Morazan: Tucker 474 (US), 5/2 (F, K, LL, MICH, NY, PH, UC, US).—San L: Calder6n 2113 (US), 2123 (GH, US); Sandicy 21057 (US).—Santa Ana: Linares & Martinez 1242 (EAP), 3117 (EAP); Standley 19705 (NY, US); Standley & Padilla V. 3049 (EAP, F, US).—SAn VicENTE: Standley 21171 (GH, US); Standley & Padilla V. 3347 (EAP), 3418 (EAP), 35/4 Sse: Williams 13586 (EAP).—Sonsonate: Standley 21770 (GH, US).—Usu.LurAn: Calderén 2098 (N type of T. calderoniti Happ).—Dept. unknown: Calderén 1929 (US). The morphological forms of this variable species were discussed by Daniel (1986). Tetramerium tenuissimum Rose AHUACHAPAN: Linares & Martinez 1981 (EAP), 3212 (EAP); Standley 19736 (MO, US).—La LiBER- TAD: Villacorta 222 (B, MO, US). This species is here newly reported for El Salvador. Standley 19736 was treated by Daniel (1986) as 7. nervosum. Further study of this collection reveals it to have five calyx lobes, pubescent capsules, and small bracts with short-ciliate margins; thus, 1t is referable to T. tenuissimum rather than T. nervosum. Thunbergia alata Bojer La Lipertap: Gonzalez 307 (EAP, B); Montalvo 6282 (B); Rohweder 3271 (MO).—SAN SALVADOR: Calderon 1173 (US), 1335 (US), 1805 (US) This African species is cultivated and has become naturalized in numerous parts of tropical America. It is known both as a cultivated plant and as an escape from cultivation in El Salvador. Thunbergia erecta (Benth.) T. Anderson La Lipertap: Carlson 315 a —SAN SALVADOR: Calderé6n 117] (NY, US), 1344 (NY, US); Standley 19378 (US), “nazaret, cuerno This African species is cultivated in El Salvador. Thunbergia fragrans Roxb. SANTA ANA: Standley & Padilla V. 3099 (EAP, F, US). L32 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 This Asian species is cultivated and sometimes becomes naturalized in the American tropics. The collection cited above was noted to be an escape from cultivation. Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb. AHUACHAPAN: Padilla V. 332 (US), “Emperatriz Eugenia,” 474 (US), “Emperatriz Eugenia.”—La Lisertap: Villacorta 135 (MO), “Emperatriz Eugenia.”—San SALvapor: Leppik 10 (EAP). This Asian native sometimes becomes naturalized in tropical regions. Padilla V. 332 was specifically noted to have been cultivated. The author of the name for this species is sometimes given as “(Roxb. ex Rottler) Roxb.” Wood (1994) argued that the earliest valid publication of a name for the species was by Roxburgh in 1820. Thunbergia laurifolia Lindl. AHUACHAPAN: Standley & Padilla V. 2732 (F).—SAN SALvaApvor: Calderon 1818 (US); Standley 20596 (NY, US), “Santa Cecilia.” This Asian species is cultivated in El Salvador. EXCLUDED TAXA AND NAMES The following names have been attributed to plants occurring in El Salvador by various authors. They are excluded from the list above with a rationale provided. Aphelandra deppeana Schltdl. & Cham.—Synomym of A. scabra (Daniel 1991). Aphelandra padillana Standl.—Synomym of A. gigantiflora (Daniel 1991). Aphelandra schiedeana var. gigantiflora (Lindau) D. N. Gibson.—Synomym of A. gigantiflora (Daniel 1991). Averia longipes (Standl.) Leonard.—Synomym of Tetramerium nemorum (Daniel Barleria micans Nees.—Synomym of B. oenotheroides (Daniel 1995b). Blechum brownei Juss.—Synomym of B. pyramidatum (Daniel 1995b). Bravaisia floribunda DC.--Synomym of B. integerrima (Daniel 1988). Dianthera sulphurea Donn. Sm.—Synomym of Justicia sulphurea (Gibson 1974). Dicliptera acuminata Juss.—This species was listed by Calder6n and Standley (1941). Plants here treated as D. membranacea were originally identified as D. acuminata. Plants conforming to D. acuminata have not been observed from El Salvador. Dicliptera assurgens (L.) Juss—Synomym of D. sexangularis (Daniel 1995a). 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 1133 Dyschoriste bilabiata (Seem.) Kuntze —This species was included from El Salva- dor by Calder6n and Standley (1941). The specimen annotated with this name by Standley is treated above as D. quadrangularis. Daniel (1995a) treated D. bilabiata as a synonym of D. hirsutissima. Elytraria squamosa (Jacq.) Lindau.—Synomym of E. imbricata (Daniel 1995a). Eranthemum nervosum (Vahl) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult.—Synomym of E. pulch- ellum Andr. (Fosberg et al. 1993). Henrya imbricans Donn. Sm.—Synomym of H. insularis (Daniel 1990a). Henrya scorpioides (L.) Nees.—Gibson (1974) included El Salvador within the range of the species sometimes given this name. Plants treated with this name are usually referable to H. insularis. The basionym of H. scorpioides per- tains to a species of Dicliptera (Daniel 1990a). Jacobinia aurea (Schltdl.) Hemsl—Synomym of Justicia aurea (Daniel 1995a). Jacobinia macrantha (Benth.) Benth. & Hook. f—This name, listed by Guzman (1950), is a synonym of Justicia macrantha Benth., which is presently known only from Chiapas, Guatemala, Costa Rica, and Panama (Daniel 199Sa). Justicia macrantha might occur (or might have occurred at one time) in El Salvador, but I have seen no specimens of it from that coun- try. Guzman’s sketchy description (which is suggestive of J. colorifera) and a specimen of J. colorifera at US annotated as Jacobinia macrantha both suggest inclusion of J. macrantha based on a misidentification. Inter- estingly, J. macrantha was listed along with J. spicigera and J. colorifera [as J. tinctoria (Oerst.) D. N. Gibson] by Williams (1981) as a source of a bluing agent used in the laundering of fabric in Central America. Jacobinia spicigera (Schltdl.) L. H. Bailey —Synomym of Justicia spicigera (Daniel 1995a); the name was apparently misapplied to J. colorifera by Calderon and Standley (1941). Justicia corynimorpha D. N. Gibson —Synomym of J. carthagenensis (Daniel 1995a). Justicia ecbolium L.—This name, listed by Guzman (1950), is a synonym of the Asian species Ecbolium ligustrinum (Vahl) Vollesen (Vollesen 1989). Based on the description, local name, and economic uses he provided, Guzman (1950) was undoubtedly referring to either Justicia spicigera or J. colorifera. Justicia fulvicoma Schlitdl.—Berendsohn and Araniva (1989) listed this species as occurring in El Salvador and noted that it was not native there. Gibson (1974) treated J. fulvicoma in a broad sense (e.g., J. brandegeana was listed in synonymy). Daniel (1989) rejected Gibson’s concept of the spe- cies and treated J. fulvicoma as restricted to northeastern Mexico. The species is sometimes grown for ornament and might be cultivated in El Salvador. The basis for inclusion of this name by Berendsohn and Araniva’s (1989) was likely a cultivated plant of J. brandegeana (see above). 134 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Justicia peckii (S. F. Blake) Standl—Synomym of J. breviflora (Daniel 1995a). Justicia salvadorensis Standl.—Synomym of J. breviflora, see above. Nelsonia brunelloides (Lam.) Kuntze.—This name was used by Calder6n and Stand- ley (1941) and has been treated as a synonym of N. canescens (e.g., Hossain 1984). According to Bremekamp (1944) its basionym apparently applies to a species of Hemigraphis. Odontonema callistachyum (Schltdl. & Cham.) Kuntze.—This species was listed as occurring in E] Salvador by Gibson (1974) and Berendsohn and Araniva (1989) based on a very broad concept of the species. According to Daniel (1995c), it is not known from the country. Odontonema strictum (Nees) Kuntze—Synomym of O. tubaeforme (Daniel 1995c). Pseuderanthemum laxiflorum (A. Gray) F. T. Hubb.—See above under P. sp. Pseuderanthemum malaccense Lindau.—See above under P. sp. Pseuderanthemum praecox (Benth.) Leonard.—See above under P. fasciculatum. Pseuderanthemum pulchellum Merr.—See above under P. sp. Merrill’s name, P. pulchellum (Hort.) Merrill, was a new combination based either on Eran- themum pulchellum Andr. or a later homonym of it that pertained to the same species. Ruellia albicaulis Bertero——Synomym of R. inundata (Daniel 1995a). Ruellia humifusa (Oerst.) Hemsl—This name, listed by Calder6n and Standley (1941), is a later homonym of R. humifusa Pers. They likely applied it to one or more collections of Ruellia that are here treated as a different species. Ruellia nudiflora (Engelm. & A. Gray) Urb.—This species was attributed to El] Salvador by Daniel (1995a) and several specimens bear this name. These are here treated under R. puberula. Ruellia nudiflora might be expected to occur in the country. Ruellia parva (Nees) Hemsl.—Gibson (1974) used this name for plants here referred to R. megasphaera (see Daniel 1990b). Ruellia stemonacanthoides (Oerst.) Hemsl.—This species was included by Calder6n and Standley (1941), Gibson (1974), and Daniel (1995a). It is to be ex- pected in El Salvador, but all specimens identified with this name have been referred to other species here (e.g., R. donnell-smithii, R. metallica). Kuellia tuberosa L.—This species was included by Calderon and Standley (1941) but no Salvadoran specimens of it have been seen. Their inclusion of it was likely based on Calder6én 2368 which bears this name, but is treated above as R. puberula. 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 135 Sanchezia sprucei var. salvadorensis Donn. Sm.—Synomym of S. parvibracteata (Daniel 1995a). Tetramerium hispidum Nees.—Synomym of T. nervosum Nees (Daniel 1986). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for providing loans or ae access to their collections: ARIZ, B, CAS, rane EAP, F, GH, K, LL, M, MICH, MIN, MO, MPU, NY, P, PH, UC, US. I thank W. Berendso hn, L. H. Durkee, and D. Wasshausen for providing specimens or information. Funding to study eonlectors at EAP was provided by the National Geographic Society ER 6712-00). LITERATURE CITED ea 1993. Flora projects. ASPT Newsletter 7(2): 18-23. Barker, R. M. 1986. A taxonomic revision of See Acanthaceae. J. Adelaide Bot. Gard. 9: 1-286. Be ences hn Ww .G., and E. A. Araniva. mere istado basico de la flora Salvadorensis, 269 Acan- haceae. 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Taxonomic notes on two cultivated species of Justicia (Acanthaceae). Baileya 23: 47— 0. . 1990a. Systematics of Henrya (Acanthaceae). Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 99-131. .1990b. New, reconsidered, and little-known Mexican species of Ruellia (Acanthaceae). Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 139-162. .1990c. New and reconsidered Mexican Acanthaceae. IV. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 279-287. . 1991. ie revision of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) in Mexico. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 47: 235-274. . 1993. ener and geographic notes on Central American Acanthaceae. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 48: 119-1 . 1995a. Ac ae In Flora of Chiapas, ed. D. E. Breedlove, 4: 1-158. San Francisco: California Academy of Scien . 1995b. New and ee Mexican Acanthaceae. VI. Chiapas. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 48: 253-284 . 1995c. Revision of Odontonema (Acanthaceae) in Mexico. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 20: 147-171. . 1997. Catalog of the Acanthaceae of Belize with taxonomic and phytogeographic notes. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 21: 161-174 Daniel, T. F., and T. I. Chuang. 1998. Chromosome numbers of cultivated Acanthaceae and systematic implications. In Diversity and eee ce tropical flowering plants, ed. P. Mathew and M. Sivadasan, 309-330. Calicut: Mento Daniel, T. F., and L. McDade. 1995. rere to the Acanthaceae of Panama. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 82: 542-548. Daniel, T. F., and D. C. Wasshausen. 1990. Three new species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Panama. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 46: 289-297 136 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 eg W. G. 1987. Flora of Panama: checklist and ees part I: the introduction and checklist. onogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 17: i-xxx + 1-32 eras L. H. 1978. can aSeoe a Flora of i ed. = E. Woodson et al. Ann. Missouri Bot. ard. 65: 155-2 1986. ce In Flora Costaricensis, ed. W. Burger. Fieldiana, Bot. 18: 1-87. . 1999. Five new taxa and two new combinations of Acanthaceae from Central America. Novon 9: 503-510. . 2001. Acanthaceae Juss. In Flora de Nicaragua, ed. W. D. Stevens, C. Ulloa Ulloa, A. Pool, and O. a Montiel. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 85(1): 8-36 Durkee, L. H., and L. A. McDade. 1996. Three new species of Justicia (Acanthaceae) from Costa Rica. Novon 6: 13-21. Feldman, be S. 1998. Fatal interactions? When exotic plants are lethal to native insects. Wildland 2(1): 4, 5, 7, 16. oie a S., and W. A. Haber. 1998. Oviposition behavior, host plant use, and diet breadth of Anthanassa butterflies (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) using plants in the Acanthaceae in a Costa omm eee Florida ee 396-406 ae : R., H. Sachet, and R. L. Oliver. 1993. eee of Micronesia, 5: Bignoniaceae—Rubiaceae. as Cond: Bot. 81: 1-135. Gentry, A. H. 1978. Floristic knowledge and needs in Pacific tropical America. Brittonia 30: 134-153. Gibson, D. N. 1972. Studies in American plants, I. Fieldiana, Bot. 34: ———.. 1974. Acanthaceae. In Flora of Guatemala, ed. P. C. Standley et al. Ricidiana: Bot. 24 (Pt. 10, os. 3, 4): 328-461. ene Laurito, J. 1990. Two new species from the Caribbean of Costa Rica. Brenesia 33: 139-144. Gomez-Laurito, J.. and M. H. Grayum. 1991. Herpetacanthus stenophyllus (Acanthaceae), a new species from ae Rica. Novon 1: 15-16 Gomez-Laurito, J., and B. E. Hammel. 1994. Ney species in the Acanthaceae of Costa Rica. Novon 4: 350-361. Guzman, D. J. 1950. Especies ae de la flora salvadorena, 2nd ed. San Salvador: Inprenta Nacional. agg ee R. 1989. El Salvador. In Floristic inventory of ee countries, ed. D. G. Campbell and D. Hammond, 295- Ce vee New York Botanical Gar Hikeneck R. A. 1983. Systematic studies of the Ere Siphonoglos sensu lato (Acanthaceae). Unpublished Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Texas Holdridge, R. L. 1978. Mapa ecolégica de El Salvador. ve ‘Giiee Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia, Direccién General de Recursos Naturales Renovables, Programa Determinaci6n del Uso Potencial a Suelo. Hossain, A. B. M. 1984. Taxonomic notes on the Nelsonia canescens complex (Acanthaceae). eae wa a 307-4 403. Howard, R. A. 1989. Flora of the Lesser Antilles, vol. 6. Jamaica Plain: Arnold Arbor Leonard, E. C. on Ruellia tuberosa and a few of its close relatives. J. Wash. Acad, oe co 509-520. 1950. Five new species of Acanthaceae from Honduras. Ceiba 1: 103-115 Moran, J. A. G., et al. 1985. El Salvador, perfil ambiental: estudio de campo. San Salvador: Emtecsa de Standley, P. C. 1930. Studies of American plants—III. Field Mus. Nat. Hist. Bot. 8: 3-73. Standley, P. C., and S. Calder6n. 1925. Lista preliminar de las plantas de El Salvador. San Salvador: Tipografia La Union Vegter, I. H. 1988. Index Leibenonin, part II (7), collectors T t/m Z. Regnum Veg. 117: 987-1213. Vollesen, 1989. A revision of Megalochlamys and Ecbolium (Acanthaceae: Justicieae). Kew Bull. 44: 601-680. Williams, i. O. 1981. The useful plants of Central America. Ceiba 24: 1-38 Wood, J. R. I. 1994. Notes relating to the flora of Bhutan: XXIX, eee with special reference to Strobilanthes. Edinburgh J. Bot. 51: 175-273. APPENDIX RELATIVE DATES OF COLLECTION OF NATIVE SALVADORAN ACANTHACEAE Species known only from collections made prior to 1960: Anisacanthus tetracaulis, Dicliptera membranacea, Dicliptera sp., Dyschoriste hirsutissima, Dyscho- riste quadrangularis, Justicia breviflora, Justicia spicigera, Justicia sulphurea, Tetramerium nemorum. 2001 DANIEL: ACANTHACEAE OF EL SALVADOR 1S Species collected at least once since 1 January 1960: a tas gigantiflora, Aphelandra heydeana, erie scabra, Aphelandra schiedeana, Bar- leria oenotheroides, Blechum pies atum, Bravaisia integerrima, Carlowrightia hintonii, Chilera mum ee Dicliptera sexangularis, Dicliptera unguiculata, Elytraria imbricata, Henrya insularis, Justicia aurea, Justicia carthagenensis, Justicia colorifera, Justicia comata, Justicia ramosa, Justicia soliana, Lophostachys pe nalensis, Nelsonia canescens, Oe tubaeforme, Pseuder- anthemum fasciculatum, Ruellia donnell-smithii, Ruellia geminiflora, Ruellia hookeriana, Ruellia inundata, Ruellia megasphaera, Ruellia metallica, Ruellia paniculata, Ruellia puberula, Stenandrium peduncula- tum, Tetramerium nervosum, Tetramerium tenuissimum. ae | oy oe _ > y, an Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 139-144. 2001. STREBLACANTHUS MONOSPERMUS (ACANTHACEAE), A GENUS AND SPECIES NEW TO THE FLORA OF MEXICO Thomas F. Daniel Department of Botany California Academy of Sciences Golden Gate Park San Francisco, CA 94118 Asstract. Streblacanthus monospermus is documented from Mexico and North America for the first time. The species, previously known only from lowland rain forests in Costa Rica and a a, was recently collected in the Chimalapa region of Oaxaca. Affinities of Streblacanthus and distinctive characteristics of S$. monospermus within the genus are noted. Recent collecting activities in the lowland rain forests of southern Mexico, particularly the Uxpanapa region of southeastern Veracruz and the Chimalapa region of adjacent Oaxaca, have resulted in several geographic range extensions and new taxa of Acanthaceae (e.g., Daniel 1991, 1999). Herewith, the genus Stre- blacanthus is reported from Mexico and North America for the first time based on a collection from the Chimalapa region of Oaxaca. The rarely collected and little- known species, S. monospermus, is described and illustrated. Streblacanthus has been treated as a tropical American genus of four species that range from northern Argentina to southeastern Costa Rica (Daniel 1996). Lindau (1895) placed the genus in his tribe Odontonemeae, subtribe Odontone- minae. Bremekamp (1965) included Lindau’s Odontonemeae in a much-expanded Justicieae. Recent phylogenetic analyses of Justicieae based on molecular mark- ers (McDade et al. 2000) place Streblacanthus as sister to Pachystachys Nees in a clade (‘“Tetramerium Lineage”) that includes genera from several of Lindau’s tribes. In addition to their molecular synapomorphies, most genera in this lineage share the following traits: an androecium of two stamens (no staminodes), tri- colporate-hexapseudocolpate pollen, and a basic chromosome number of 18. Stre- blacanthus is distinguishable from most other genera in this lineage by the combi- nation of its corolla with an elongate, subcylindric tube and capsule with a flat- tened, subcircular head. Ecbolium Kurz, an Old World genus of 22 species (Volle- sen 1989), and Yeatesia Small, a North American genus of three species (Hilsen- beck 1989), also share these characteristics. Studies addressing the generic distinc- tions among these three genera are much needed. At least 36 genera of Acanthaceae are known to be native in Mexico (Daniel 1998). Two other genera may be native there; Geissomeria Lindl. and Pachystachys are reported from Mexico based on unresolved nineteenth century collections (Daniel 1998; Wasshausen 1986). The addition of another genus of Acanthaceae native to Mexico is not altogether surprising. Staurogyne Wall., an acanthaceous genus previously known from southern Central America and South America, was recently reported from the country for the first time (Daniel & Lott 1993). Further- more, the herbaceous flora of various regions in Mexico remains inadequately known. This is particularly true for the rain forests in the vicinity of the Gulf coast of Mexico. The Uxpanapa-Chimalapa region harbors a significant number of Acanthaceae common in, or restricted to, wet forests: e.g., Aphelandra aurantiaca Lindl., A. wendtii 139 140 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 T.F. Daniel, Justicia aurea Schitdl., J. fimbriata (Nees) V. A. W. Graham, Loute- ridium mexicanum (Baill.) Standl., L. parayi Miranda, Mendoncia guatemalensis Standl. & Steyerm., Mirandea sylvatica Acosta, Pseuderanthemum verapazense Donn. Sm., Ruellia harveyana Stapf, R. jussiewoides Schltdl. & Cham., Schaueria parviflora (Leonard) T. F. Daniel, and Stenandrium chameranthemoideum Oerst. At least three species of Acanthaceae are endemic to this region, Justicia chimala- pensis T. F. Daniel, J. wendtii T. F. Daniel, and Lophostachys uxpanapensis Acosta. Based on known occurrences of taxa, the acanthaceous affinities of the Uxpanapa- Chimalapa region lie with the Los Tuxtlas region of Veracruz to the northwest and the lowlands of Tabasco and Chiapas to the east. Floristic affinities among the lowland rain forests in these areas, together with the Tuxtepec area of northern Oaxaca, were noted by Wendt (1993) for the rain forest canopy tree flora; each of these regions was also noted by Wendt to be of particular importance for conser- vation efforts. Further explorations in and collections from these areas will un- doubtedly yield additional new taxa and significant geographic range extensions. Streblacanthus Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 1: 497. 1891.—Type: Streblacanthus mono- spermus Kuntze. Sciaphyllum Bremek., Recueil Trav. Bot. Néerl. 37: 298. 1940.—TypeE: Scia- phyllum amoenum Bremek. [=Streblacanthus roseus (Radlk.) B. L. Burtt]. Erect perennial herbs or shrubs with cystoliths. Leaves opposite, petiolate, margin entire to subcrenate. Inflorescence of axillary or terminal dichasiate spikes or racemes; dichasia opposite (to alternate), |-many-flowered, sessile, subtended by a bract. Bracts opposite (to alternate), green, margin entire. Flowers homosty- lous, sessile to pedicellate, subtended by 2 homomorphic bracteoles. Calyx deeply 4—5-lobed, lobes homomorphic (or subequal in length). Corolla pinkish to purplish or white, subsalverform or with a relatively long and slender tube and a bilabiate limb, tube elongate and subcylindric, sometimes expanded distally into a throat, limb subactinomorphic to bilabiate, upper lip 2-lobed, lower lip 3-lobed, corolla lobes imbricate in bud. Stamens 2, inserted near apex of corolla tube, exserted from mouth of corolla, anthers 2-thecous, thecae homomorphic or heteromorphic, lacking basal appendages, dehiscing toward lower lip (i.e., flower nototribal), if homomorphic then thecae equal in size, parallel, and equally to subequally inserted, if heteromorphic then thecae unequal in size and superposed (the proximal theca abortive and greatly reduced); pollen spherical to prolate, 3-colporate, 6-pseudocol- pate, pseudocolpi 2 per mesocolpium (these sometimes fused near poles forming pseudocolpal ellipses), exine reticulate. Style exserted from mouth of corolla, stigma 2-lobed or appearing discoid to subcapitate, lobes sometimes indistinct. Capsule stipitate, head subcircular, retinacula present, septa with attached reti- nacula remaining attached to inner wall of mature capsule. Seeds 2-4, homomor- phic, lenticular, lacking trichomes. Base chromosome number: x = 18. Eleven names have been used in Streblacanthus but only four species are currently recognized in this wholly American genus (Daniel 1996). The relation- ships among these species have never been fully studied. Streblacanthus monospermus Kuntze, Revis. gen. pl. 2: 498. 1891.—Type: Costa Rica. [Without province:] “auf dem Hoéhenzug siidlich von San Jose in Costarica” (fide protologue), “bei S. José” (fide specimen), Jun 1874, O. Kuntze s.n. (holotype: NY!). 2001 DANIEL: STREBLACANTHUS 141 Streblacanthus macrophyllus Lindau in H. Pittier, Prim. Fl. Costaric. 2: 306. 00.—Tyre: Costa Rica. Limon: “in silvis ad flumen Zhorquin [Yorkin] (Pitt. n. 8547), alt. SO m.” (fide protologue), “foréts de la boca de Zhorquin (Talamanca)” (fide specimen at US), Mar 1894, H. Pittier 8547 (holotype: B, destroyed, photos: F! GH! US!; isotype: US!). The original label on the isotype at US, which was determined by Lindau, notes A. Tonduz as the collector. Photos of the holotype at B reveal that Pittier was noted as the collector on labels of that specimen. Streblacanthus longiflorus Cufod., Arch. Bot. Sist. 10: 48. 1934.—Type: Costa Rica. Limon: La Castilla-Los Negritos, 12 km from the mouth of the Rio Reventaz6n, riverside forest, 30 m, 7 May 1930, G. Cufodontis 336 (holo- type: W, photos: F! GH! US!). Fig. 1 Herbs to 4 dm tall. Young stems subterete to subquadrate, bifariously pubes- cent with flexuose-retrorse eglandular trichomes 0.5—1.3 mm long. Leaves peti- olate, petioles to 2.5 cm long, densely pubescent with antrorse eglandular tri- chomes adaxially and glabrous or nearly so abaxially, blades ovate to elliptic, 9.5— 11.8 cm long, 3.4-4.1 cm wide, 2.7-3.0 times longer than wide, acuminate at apex, acute at base, surfaces pubescent along midvein (less densely so on abaxial sur- face) with antrorse eglandular trichomes, otherwise glabrous or nearly so, margin ciliolate with antrorse eglandular trichomes. Inflorescence of (axillary and) termi- nal pedunculate spikes to 4 cm long (including peduncle and excluding flowers), subtended by a pair of greatly reduced leaves from whose axils spikes sometimes arise, peduncles (from reduced leaves to first pair of bracts) to 14 mm long, evenly pubescent with erect to flexuose eglandular and glandular trichomes 0.2-1.6 mm long, rachis pubescent like peduncles; dichasia 1-flowered, opposite to suboppo- site, sessile; flowers sessile. Bracts opposite to subopposite, sessile, elliptic to obo- vate, 6.5-10 mm long, 2.3-2.6 mm wide, abaxial surface pubescent with erect to flexuose glandular trichomes 1-2.3 mm long. Bracteoles linear to lanceolate, 3.5—5 mm long, 0.5-0.9 mm wide, abaxial surface pubescent with mostly glandular tri- chomes 0.2-0.6 mm long. Calyx 4-lobed, 3.5 mm long, lobes lanceolate, 3 mm long, 0.6 mm wide, abaxially pubescent with antrorse to erect to flexuose glandu- lar and eglandular trichomes 0.1-0.3 mm long. Corolla subsalverform, purplish, 3.6-3.7 cm long, externally pubescent with flexuose eglandular trichomes (0.3-) 0.7-1.5 mm long, tube subcylindric (becoming narrower distally), 2.6—2.8 cm long, 1-1.2 mm in diameter near midpoint, throat absent, upper lip 7,5-10 mm long, lobes 5.5-7 mm long, 3-4 mm wide, lower lip 8-10 mm long, lobes 7.5-9.5 mm long, 4-5 mm wide, lobes abruptly acuminate at apex (or with 2-3 apical teeth). Stamens 22.5 mm long, inserted near mouth of corolla, exserted 1.5—-2 mm beyond mouth of corolla, filaments apically pubescent with flexuose eglandular trichomes to 0.5 mm long, thecae superposed (0.3-0.5 mm distant), distal theca fertile, 0.8-1 mm long, asymmetric when dehisced, proximal theca sterile, appendage-like, 0.2 mm long; pollen prolate spheroidal to subprolate (P:E = 1.14—1.25). Style 1.9-2.3 cm long, glabrous, stigma discoid, 0.1 mm long. Capsule 1.5—-1.7 cm long, pubes- cent with erect to flexuose eglandular trichomes 0.5—2.1 mm long, stipe 7-8.5 mm long, head 8-9 mm long. Seeds 4, flat, subcordate, 5 mm long, 5 mm wide, surfaces papillose, margin swollen, entire to subcrenate. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting: March. Distribution and habitat (Fig. 2). Known disjunctly from southern Mexico (Oaxaca) and from adjacent regions of Costa Rica (Limon) and Panama (Bocas 142 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 FIG. 1. Streblacanthus Ces a. Habit. b. Inflorescence node with flower. c. Apex of stamen av thecae. pex oe e with stigma. e. Capsule with seeds. f. Seed. Scale bar: a, 2.1 cm: ; 055mm: eal es m; e, 3.7 mm; f, 1.7 mm. (Based on: a-c, Daniel et al. 6230; e-f, m; aes G. 1060.) del Toro); in Mexico, plants occur in a lowland rain forest with Ficus, Dialium, Vatairea, and Manilkara at an elevation of 250 m ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Mexico. OAXAca: Mpio. Sta. Maria Chimalapa, ca. 10 km O de Sta. Maria por la vereda a Chicosaja, 16°53'N, 94°46'W, 30 Mar 1985, H. Hernandez G. 1060 (CAS). 2001 DANIEL: STREBLACANTHUS 143 | | | | 400 KM | | ss Na o|- eo | | —— Z | a LINEAR SCALE | 96 94° 92° 30° 88 B86 84° B2° FIG. 2. Distribution of Streblacanthus monospermus. Daniel (1996) noted that Streblacanthus monospermus was known from Costa Rica and Panama. Durkee (1986) indicated that the species occurs in lowland rain forests of the Caribbean coastal region. The only known Mexican collection resem- bles plants from southern Central America by sharing the following characteris- tics, which are otherwise unknown in the genus: dense adaxial petiolar pubes- cence, 4-lobed calyces, subsalverform corollas, apically pubescent filaments, one abortive theca per anther, and seeds with a marginal swelling. Mexican plants differ from those of southern Central America only by their shorter capsules (1.5— 1.7 vs. 2.0-2.5 cm long). Pollen of Streblacanthus monospermus (Fig. 3) resembles that of other Jus- ticieae in the “Tetramerium Lineage.” Pollen from the Mexican collection (Fig. 3a—b) differs from that of collections from southern Central America (Fig. 3c) by having distinct pseudocolpi in the mesocolpia and by being somewhat smaller in size (ca. 35-40 um vs. 45-70 um in polar diameter). 144 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 as * sects. angtest Be $3 Teese tay s 9 CA saneigeoks ESET Ie vaste A ED ee eae Jae Pout = FIG. 3. Pollen of Streblacanthus monospermus. a. Hernandez G. 1060 (intercolpal view). b. Hernandez G. 1060 (detail of surface). c. Daniel et al. 6230 from Costa Rica (intercolpal view). Scale bar: a, 6.8 um; b, 1.5 um; c, 12.5 pom. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS thank Tom Wendt for sending me collections of Mexican Acanthaceae, Jenny Speckels for I illustrating this species, Darrell Ubick for assistance with the scanning electron microscope, Dong Lin for photographic assistance, and the curators of the following herbaria for loans: F, GH, MICH, NY, US LITERATURE CITED ease C. E. B. 1965. Delimitation and subdivision of the Acanthaceae. Bull. Bot. Surv. India 7: 21- Dane ie “ 1991. A revision of Aphelandra (Acanthaceae) in Mexico. Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci. 47: oe Seiapniihan amoenum (Acanthaceae) is a Peruvian Streblacanthus. Novon 6: 147-149. - 1998a. Pollen morphology of Mexican Acanthaceae: diversity and systematic significance. 50: 2 Proc Calif. Acad. Sci 17-256 1999, Taxonomic and aabiccnal notes on Neotropical Justicia (Acanthaceae). Proc. Calif. Read: Sci. 51: 483-46 Daniel, T. F., and Lott 1993. Staurogyne agrestis (Acanthaceae), a genus and species new to XICO. Sida 15: 367-372. Bere L. H. ie scams In “Flora Costaricensis,” ed. W. Burger, Sipe Bot., n.s. 18: 1-87. Hilsenbeck, R. A. 1989. Taxonomy of Yeatesia (Acanthaceae). Syst. Bot. 14: 427-438 indau, G. 1895. ae In Die Natiirlichen Pflanzenfamilien, ed. A. Envler and K. Prantl, 4(3b): es 354. gos Wilhelm Engelm McDade, L. A., T. F. Daniel, S. E. Masta, and K M. Riley. 2000. Phylogenetic relationships among the Bs Tustceae Seip ene ya from molecular sequences, morphology, and cytol- ogy. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 87: 435-458. Vollesen, K. td A revision of sae and Ecbolium (Acanthaceae: Justiceae). Kew Bull. 4: 601- asshausen, ey C. 1986. The systematics of the genus Pachystachys (Acanthaceae). Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 99: 160-185 Wendt, T. 1993. Composition, floristic affinities, and origins of the canopy tree flora of the Mexican Atlantic slope rain forests. In Biological diversity of Mexico: origins and distribution, ed. T. Ramamoorthy et al., 595-680. New York: Oxford University Press. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 145-223. 2001. CHECKLIST OF LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN Alan M. Fryday, John B. Fair, Moises S. Googe, Andrew J. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Bunting, and L. Alan Prather erbarium an Department of Botany and Plant Pathology Michigan State University East Lansing, Michigan 48824-1312 AssTRAcT. An annotated checklist of the taxa of lichen-forming, lichenicolous, and allied fungi collected from the state of Michigan is presented. It was compiled from specimens deposited in the herbaria of Michigan State University, the University of Michigan, and the University of Minnesota, and supplemented with additional records from the state’s National Parks/Lakeshores and the litera- ture. The checklist includes 784 taxa of lichenized fungi, comprising 774 species, 6 subspecies, and 4 varieties. Also included are 38 non-lichenized taxa, which are either lichenicolous fungi (11 species), or non-lichenized fungi (27 species) that resemble lichenized taxa, and are likely to be encountered by those studying lichens. Michigan has the richest lichen flora any of the Great Lakes States. INTRODUCTION The list presented below is the first checklist of the lichens of Michigan to be published. Previously, the most comprehensive coverage was provided by Harris’s (1977) Lichens of the Straits Counties, Michigan, which focussed on the Mackinac Straits region, but included records of lichens found throughout the state along with identification keys to many genera. Harris was aware that many areas of Michigan were under-recorded, in particular, the rich saxicolous flora of the Up- per Peninsula, and he recognized that his total of 610 taxa (of which ca. 50 were undescribed) was probably low, and that “the total for the state might be as high as 700” (Harris 1977, p. ii). In fact, even this has proved to be an underestimate; the current list includes nearly 800 taxa. The lichen flora of Michigan appears to be the most extensive of any of the Great Lakes States, and far exceeds the ca. 550 taxa recorded from Minnesota (Wetmore, unpubl.), 623 from Wisconsin (Th- omson, in press), and 465 from Southern Ontario (Wong & Brodo 1992). In spite of the dramatic increase in the number of species recorded since 1977, Harris’s statement concerning the under-recorded “rich saxicolous flora of the Upper Penin- sula” remains true, and many additional species are to be expected. Modern lichen collecting in Michigan began in 1949, when Henry A. Imshaug started his investigations of the lichen vegetation of the Great Lakes Area, which he pursued until his retirement in 1990. During this time over 25,000 specimens were collected by Imshaug and his students (including R. C. Harris, C. M. Wetmore, F. H. Erbisch, R. S. Common, and J. Malachowski) and deposited in the herbarium of Michigan State University (MSC). A lichen flora of the area was planned but never reached publication. The present list is based upon these extensive collections. VEGETATION, GEOLOGY, AND CLIMATE The state of Michigan covers an area of 150,220 km? (excluding the Great Lakes) and comprises two peninsulas, the Lower Peninsula between Lakes Huron 145 146 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 and Michigan, and the Upper Peninsula between Lakes Michigan and Superior. The Great Lakes area was completely covered with ice during the last (Pleis- tocene) glaciation, and when this ice retreated northwards, between 13,000 (south- ernmost Lower Peninsula) and 10,000 years ago (Upper Peninsula), it left behind a generally flat landscape with only low undulations. The Great Lakes themselves are 175-200 m above sea level, and the highest elevation in the state is 600 m in Baraga County in the western Upper Peninsula. The natural vegetation is decidu- ous forest (Oak-Hickory and Beech-Sugar Maple) in the south, giving way to Northern Hardwood and Pine forests around the center of the Lower Peninsula (ca. 44°N). Yet, little natural vegetation remains, especially in the Lower Peninsula, where woodland is mostly all secondary growth. There is more old-growth wood- land in the Upper Peninsula, although nowhere is this abundant. The vast deposits of glacial drift left behind by the retreating glaciers effec- tively buried the bedrock in the Lower Peninsula, as well as much of the eastern half of the Upper Peninsula. A band of limestone runs through the state near the Straits of Mackinac (between the Lower and Upper Peninsulas) that increases the diversity of the available substrata for lichens. Natural rock outcrops are more numerous in the western half of the Upper Peninsula, which also has much older Pre-Cambrian or Cambrian rock formations. The climate of the state is generally continental (hot summers, cold winters, and moderate precipitation), although this is moderated to a significant extent by the influence of the Great Lakes. The annual mean temperature varies between 5 and 10°C and the annual mean precipitation from 700 to 900 mm. The resulting lichen vegetation is northern temperate with a strong boreal influence in the north. The influence of the Great Lakes also increases the overall humidity of the climate, resulting in the occurrence in Michigan of species with a generally Appalachian distribution (e.g., Anzia colpodes). Some species with a generally southern/prairie distribution also occur in the southwest of the state (e.g., Cladonia robbinsii), with a major disjunction on Beaver Island in northern Lake Michigan (e.g., Teloschistes chrysophthalmus). COMPILATION OF THE LIST For each species from Michigan represented in MSC, label data (including annotations) from two voucher specimens were entered into a database, which was then used to generate the checklist. This was supplemented with data from three additional sources: 1) specimens held in the herbaria of the University of Minnesota (MIN) and the University of Michigan (MICH); 2) species lists for the three National Parks/Lakeshores in Michigan (Isle Royale, Pictured Rocks, and Sleeping Bear Dunes) published on the internet by Dr. C. M. Wetmore (http:// www.ies.wisc.edu/brd/lichen.htm); 3) recent (post-1970) published literature records. Collections from the University of Minnesota (MIN) or the University of Michigan (MICH) were included for taxa not represented in MSC. Unless other- wise cited, all collections are held in MSC. For collections lacking data the litera- ture reference in which a taxon is recorded from Michigan is quoted. Each entry has been annotated with the substratum upon which the taxon usually occurs. As an assessment of a taxon’s distribution within Michigan, the number of counties in the Upper (UP) and Lower (LP) Peninsulas from which specimens exist in MSC, MICH, or MIN are noted. Literature records are not usually included, except where no herbarium specimen could be located. This is followed by collection and locality details from the two specimens of the taxon 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 147 from Michigan retrieved from the database, cited as “County: locality, substra- tum, date of collection, collector, (location of specimen).” The description of the substratum upon which a species is likely to be found has been broadly defined deliberately, and has largely been compiled from published sources (e.g., Santesson 1993). Listing only the substratum of the few collections seen would give, in many cases, an unrealistically narrow impression of the range of substrata upon which the species occurs. The habitat/substratum preferences for a species within the state can, in most cases, be obtained from the data for the individual collections. IDENTIFICATION Anyone wishing to identify lichens in Michigan would be well advised to consult Harris (1977). Although now rather dated, especially with regard to nomencla- ture, this account is still by far the best and most comprehensive work available. Also worthy of mention is Michigan Lichens (Medlin 1996). It is an excellent introduction with good color photographs (some of which are available on the author’s web-site: http://www.nmc.edu/~medlinj/), but includes only a small per- centage of the species present in the state. Also of use are Keys to the Lichens of Minnesota (Wetmore, unpubl.), The Lichens of Southern Ontario, Canada (Wong & Brodo 1992), and Lichens of Wisconsin (Thomson, in press). These and other references to identifying North American lichens in onl can Hee found on the internet at http://herbaria.harvard.edu/Data/Farlow/licheng dex.html NOTES CONCERNING THE CHECKLIST An annotated checklist is presented below of all the taxa of lichen-forming, lichenicolous, and allied fungi known to have been collected from Michigan. The checklist includes 784 taxa of lichenized fungi, comprising 774 species, 6 subspe- cies, and 4 varieties. Also included are 38 non-lichenized taxa, which are either lichenicolous fungi (11 species), or non-lichenized fungi (27 species) that resemble lichenized taxa and are likely to be encountered by those studying lichens. The present list is in no way definitive and must be considered preliminary. It is largely compiled from herbarium specimens, many of which were named 20-30 years ago and need confirmation. Although the great majority of the determinations were made by highly proficient lichenologists (Imshaug, Harris, Wetmore, etc.), taxonomic concepts have changed significantly in the intervening period; it is highly probable that critical re-examination of many of these specimens will result in their re-determi- nation. Also, the rich lichen collections held at the herbarium of the University of Michigan Biological Station have not been included here, and it is probable that that collection will hold many new county, if not state, records. The publication of this list is a necessary first stage towards a more up-to-date understanding of the extent, composition, and importance of lichen vegetation of Michigan. Work is already underway to produce distribution maps for the species included in the present list, and the preparation of a list of endangered lichen species in the state. We welcome comments, additions, and corrections. Nomenclature follows the last published checklist of North American lichens (Esslinger & Egan 1995), which should be consulted for a full list of synonyms. We have occasionally used a more current name than that given by Esslinger and Egan, usually from the on-line version (Esslinger 1997), in which case we have given Esslinger’s earlier name as a synonym. 148 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 THE CHECKLIST Symbols and abbreviations: * = lichenicolous fungus, + = non-—lichenized fungus; UP = Upper Peninsula, LP = Lower Pensinsula; NL = National Lakeshore, NP = National Park, SP = State Park. *Abrothallus parmeliarum (L.) Ach. - on parmelioid lichens; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, hill behind Siskiwi Bay CCC camp, on Melanelia olivacea, June 1958, Wetmore 1730. Absconditella lignicola Vezda & Pisut [all collections seen were misidentified as A. trivialis| - on lignum, mossy bark; UP: 0, LP: 3 losco: W of Oscoda, between River Rd and AuSable River, Thuja swamp, May 1971, Common 2454D.— Otsego: between Pigeon River and Valley Rd, Populus with Betula and Prunus, May 1977, Common, RS 4134D. Acarosporsa americana H. Magn. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Ojibway, NE of mee July 1980, Wetmore 41462 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Hawk Island, July 1984, Wetmore 53245 (MIN). Acarospora badiofusca (Nyl.) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP. Davidson Island, along shores and rocky cliffs, June 1958, Wetmore SB Acarospora canadensis H. Magn. - saxicolous, on siliceous or weakly calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Chippewa: Drummond Island, open Pinus resinosa and Picea woodland adjacent to old field and limestone pavement, Oct 1976, Jmshaug 60101 Acarospora fuseata (Schrader) Arnold - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 10, LP: 13. Baraga: ca. 0.5 mi N of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Populus woods, Se 972, Harris 8150A.—Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Big Shoal Cove, scattered Bis with exposed limestone pavement and low Juniperus, Oct 1976, Imshaug 9942. — Acarospora glaucocarpa (Ach.) Kérber - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 4, LP: Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Big Shoal Cove, exposed limestone pavement and low Juniperus with scattered Thuja, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59979.—Mackinac: exposed boulders, along railroad N of Moran, on limestone boulders, Sept 1996, Harris 1068. Acarospora immersa Fink - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 6. Clinton: Rose Lake Game Area, field SE of junction of Clark and Peacock Rds, Apr 1969, Harris 4002.—Oscoda: between Watson Rd and Union Corners Rd, ca. 7 mi S of Mio, Pinus banksiana woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8390. Acarospora macrospora (Hepp) Bagl. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Mackinac: on calcareous pebbles (Harris 1977). Acarospora oligospora (Nyl.) Arnold - saxicolous, on weakly basic rocks; UP: 0, LYE: Oscoda: near Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi S of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8200. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 149 Acarospora smaragdula (Wahlenb.) A. Massal. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; (ONES TIE eG) Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Acrocordia cavata (Ach.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 4. Delta: NW of Isabella, swamp on USFS 2231, 1.8 mi W of USFS 2226, on Fraxinus, Sept 1969, Harris 4256.—Lake: Irons, Bear Track U.S. Forest Campground, Thuja swamp, on Populus, Sept 1968, Harris 3877. Acrocordia conoidea (Fr.) K6rber - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 2. Mackinac: on limestone (Harris 1977). Acrocordia gemmata (Ach.) A. Massal. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Acrocordia megalospora (Fink) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees; WES OnE Pe 2 Kalamazoo: Kellogg Forest, on Quercus alba, June 1965, Harris 1417.—Washtenaw: Quercus- Carya woods NW of Crooked Lake, on Quercus alba, Sept 1965, Harris 870A, Ahtiana aurescens (Tuck.) Thell & Randlane - corticolous, on coniferous trees; OMe: AME eet Dickinson: § of road into O’Neil Lake Campground, Thuja-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1971, Harris 7537.—Keweenaw: § of Copper Harbor, Wilderness Rd (Mandam Rd), swamp with dead Thuja trees and Typha, July 1976, Imshaug 58895. Allocetraria oakesiana (Tuck.) Randlane & Thell - on old wood; UP: 0, LP: 2. Cheboygan: S side of Hebron Mail Rd, 1 mi N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, base of Abies, June 1973, Wang 254.—Newaygo: S of Four-Mile Rd, 6 mi NE of White Cloud, old Thuja swamp, on fallen conifer, Sept 1573, Wang 322. Amandinea dakotensis (H. Magn.) P. May & Sheard - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 2. Cheboygan: 6 mi N of Wolverine, off Blueberry Rd, on Populus grandidentata, Oct 1974, Wang 1205.—Mason: 9 mi S of Manistee, 0.5 mi from Lake Michigan, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang 852. Amandinea milliaria (Tuck.) P. May & Sheard (syn. Rinodina milliaria) - corti- colous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 1 Keweenaw: Keweenaw Point, West Mt, July 1947, Thomson 3296 (MIN).—Mason: Lake Michi- gan, Big Sable Point near Ludington, forested dunes between Lake Michigan and Hamlin Lake, on Quercus, June 1957, Imshaug 19710. Amandinea punctata (Hoffm.) Coppins & Scheid. - corticolous; UP: 7, LP: 18. Baraga: along Sturgeon River upstream from bridge, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, wet woods, on Tilia, Sept 1972, Harris 8060.—Oscoda: along E branch of Big Creek downstream from Mapes Rd (County Rd 487), Thuja-Picea swamp, on dead Picea, Sept 1973, Harris 8295C. Amygdalaria panaeola (Ach.) Hertel & Brodo - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49544 (MIN). 150 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Anaptychia palmulata (Michaux) Vainio - saxicolous and corticolous; UP: 8, LP: 4. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, E side of Grand Portal Point, on Betula alleghaniensis, July 1987, Wetmore 59795 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, 0.5 mi E of Windigo, on Thuja, July 1984, Wetmore 51879 (MIN). Anaptychia setifera Rasadnen - saxicolous and corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, Delta: S end of Summer Island, shore of lake, on limestone boulder, July 1968, Miller 4750.— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, trees and rocks, Aug 1972, Tucker 10633 Anisomeridium biforme (Borrer) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees: . . 4 Washtenaw: Crooked Lake, in Quercus-Carya woods NW of Crooked Lake, on Quercus alba, Sept 1965, Harris 869. Anisomeridium carinthiacum (Steiner) R. C. Harris - saxicolous, on inundated, calcareous rocks; UP: 1, Delta: Haymeadow Creek Falls Nature Trail, County Rd 509 NE of Rapid River, on shale at edge of stream, Sept 1969, Harris 4210B. Anisomeridium leucochlorum (Miill. Arg.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on decidu- ous trees; UP: a Washtenaw: SE of South Lake, on Fraxinus, Feb 1975, Harris 9797 (MIN). Anisomeridium a aoe os & Everh.) M. E. Barr (syn. A. nyssaegenum) - corticolous; UP: 6, L Clinton: Maple River, pee swamp E of Hinman Rd, S of unnamed tributary of Maple River, on Thuja, Nov 1973, Harris 8490.—Ingham: MSU campus, Baker Woodlot, N of SE pond, o Fraxinus, Nov 1973, ae 8509. Anzia colpodes (Ach.) Stizenb. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 0. Luce: Upper Tahquamenon Falls, ca. 1.2 mi W. of Paradise on Mich Hwy 123, on recently downed Acer saccharum, July 1979, Parrella s.n.. Arctoparmelia centrifuga (L.) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, outside of Locke Point, July 1983, Wetmore 47421 (MIN). Arctoparmelia subcentrifuga (Oksner) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: i LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, E of Three-Mile Campground, July 1983, Wetmore 47205 (MIN). Arthonia byssacea (Weigel) Almq. - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: 1, LP: 1. Cheboygan: Gorge of Carp Creek, on base of Betula alleghaniensis, July 1974, Harris 8900.— Keweenaw: Estivant Pines, S of Copper Harbor, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Acer and Betula, July 1976, Imshaug 59126. Arthonia caesia (Flotow) Koérber - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, LP: 44. Gladwin: swampy area near Estey, on Populus, May 1958, Imshaug 21615.—Houghton: near Baltic along wet ravine with Acer on sides and Picea-Abies balsamea in center, on Acer saccharum, June 1958, Wetmore 1432. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 15i1 Arthonia cytisi A. Massal. - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Arthonia didyma K6rber - corticolous, usually on deciduous trees; UP: 8, LP: 2. dala along Carp Creek at Hogsback Rd, Thuja swamp, on Thuja, July 1974, Harris 894 eweenaw: 2 mi E of Fort Wilkins, mixed hardwood-conifer forest, on Acer, July 1976, Im on 59039. Arthonia diffusa Nyl. - corticolous UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Arthonia diffusella Fink - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 5, Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, W of Beaver Island, at Lake Superior, on Betula alleghaniensis, July 1987, Wetmore 59407 (MIN). Arthonia dispersa (Schrader) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 1. Berrien: Warren Dunes SP, picnic area, on Tilia americana, June 1985, Wetmore 53814 (MIN).— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Ishpeming Point, on Sorbus americana, July 1983, Wetmore 48935 MIN) Arthonia fuliginosa (Schaerer) Flotow - corticolous, usually on deciduous trees; oa Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, bay N of Stockly Bay, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 49819 (MIN).— Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Glen Arbor, S of cemetery, on Acer saccharum, July 1987, Wetmore 58296B (MIN) *Arthonia intexta Almq. - lichenicolous, in apothecia of Lecidiella spp.; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, outside of Locke Point, July 1983, Wetmore 47407 (MIN). Arthonia lapidicola (Taylor) Branth & Rostrup - calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Chippewa: on limestone (Harris 1977). Arthonia patellulata Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 7, LP: 7. Chippewa: Drummond Island, Thuja forest E of Bruce Point, on Populus, Oct 1976, Common 3995.—Montmorency: 4 mi § of Atlanta, off County Rd 487, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1 Wang 923. Arthonia punctiformis Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; iE Se P 0: Houghton: upland area along shore of Lake Superior, June 1958, Wetmore 1357. Arthonia radiata (Pers.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 8, LP: 13. Houghton: along shore of Lake Superior, on Acer saccharum, June 1958, Wetmore 1335A.— Mason: Big Sable Point, Ludington, on Quercus, June 1957, Imshaug 19718. Arthonia spadicea Leighton - corticolous or lignicolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Chippewa: woods around Dick State Forest Campground, NE of Trout Lake, on lignum, Sept 1966, Harris 1029. 152 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Arthonia willeyi Tuck. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1. Midland: 6.5 mi S of Coleman, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1974, Wang 1010. Arthothelium hallii (Tuck.) Zahlbr. - corticolous; UP: 0, LP: 2. Clare: near Clare, Thuja bog, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21041.—Tuscola: near Caro, on Tilia americana, May 1958, /mshaug 21489. Arthothelium ruanum (A. Massal.) Kérber - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: 0, | Central Lower Peninsula (Harris 1977). Arthothelium spectabile A. Massal. - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: Oe EP10; Cheboygan: The Gorge, on Acer, July 1949, Imshaug 3133.—Newaygo: ENE of White Cloud, Dudgeon Swamp, S of One-Mile Rd, on Fraxinus, Oct 1972, Harris 8161. Arthrorhaphis citrinella (Ach.) Poelt - saxicolous, in crevices in siliceous rocks: Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, 1 mi NE of Twelve-Mile Beach Campground, July 1987, Wetmore 5903 (MIN). Arthrosporum populorum A. Massal. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 5 ae ba ee Recreation Area, old fish hatchery, on Populus, July 1965, Harris ur Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi S of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, on Be oe Sa hh Sept 1973, Harris 8249. Aspicilia caesiocinerea (Nyl. ex Malbr.) Arnold - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: Ay ag” Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP. Todd Harbor, Wilson Point, July 1983, Wetmore 48/13 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island. July 1983, Wetmore 48483 (MIN). Aspicilia cinerea (L.) KGrber - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 12, LP: 6. Baraga: 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, 0.5 mi N of Sturgeon River Campground, Populus woods, Sept 1972, Harris 8156.—Dickinson: rocks near Schwartz Creek Dam, N of Ralph, on rocks, Sept 1971, Harris 7628. Aspicilia contorta (Hoffm.) Kremp. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21359 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, July 1983, Wetmore 46691 (MIN). Aspicilia gibbosa (Ach.) Kérber - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Aspicilia laevata (Ach.) Arnold - saxicolous, on semi-inundated, siliceous rocks: Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Aspicilia limitata (H. Magn.) J. W. Thomson - saxicolous, on pebbles; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: E of Hebard Park, on pebbles, Sept 1980, Thomson 21290 (MIN). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 1153 Aspicilia supertegens Arnold - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: on shoreline ca. 6.5 mi W of Copper Harbor, on rocks ca. 13 m from the lake, Aug 1980, Reschke 1203 (MICH). Bacidia bagliettoana (A. Massal. & De Not.) Jatta - terricolous, on calcareous soils and plant debris; UP: 4, LP: 2 Mackinac: E of Cedarville, on bank in Populus woods, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3720.—Presque Isle: ake Huron, dune area at Presque Isle Point, June 1958, Imshaug 22161. Bacidia circumspecta (Nyl. ex Vainio) Malme - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 6. Cheboygan: Reese’s Bog, at bridge over Carp Creek on Hogsback Rd, on Thuja, July 1967, Harris 3646. Bacidia diffracta S. Ekman - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP: 0, Cheboygan, Emmet (Ekman 1996). Bacidia laurocerasi (Delise ex Duby) Zahlbr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; Pe SER: 6 Charlevoix: Beaver Island, bluff near Barney Lake, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27745.—Clare: 2 mi N of Long Lake, Townline Creek swamp, June 1973, Harris 8175. Bacidia polychroa (Th. Fr.) Kérber - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 9, LP: 7. Baraga: 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp NE of Sturgeon River Campground, on Fraxinus, Sept 1972, Harris 7865.—Cheboygan: Univ. of Mich. Biological Station, moist hardwoods in gorge of Carp Creek, on Fraxinus, July 1967, Harris 3663. Bacidia rosella (Pers.) De Not. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S Side Of Tonkin Bay, on Populus tremuloides, Jul 1980, Wetmore 41319B (MIN); Isle Royale NP, N Of Tallman Island, on Populus tremuloides, Jul 1983, Wet- more 49341 (MIN). Bacidia rubella (Hoffm.) A. Massal. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 7, LP: 9. Cheboygan: Pine Grove State Forest, 0.75 mi NE of Pine Grove State Forest Campground, Fagus-Acer woods, on Fraxinus, Oct 1964, Harris s.n—Emmet: E of Hwy 31, 0.7 mi S of Lever- ing, Thuja swamp, on Ulmus, June 1967, Harris 3672. Bacidia schweinitzii (Fr. ex E. Michener) A. Schneider - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP: 12, LP: 16. Crawford: Hartwick Pines State Park, on Quercus alba, May 1958, Imshaug 21390.—Presque Isle: near Presque Isle Lighthouse, on Thuja, June 1958, Imshaug 22139. Bacidia subincompta (Nyl.) Arnold - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, head of Duncan Bay, on Thuja, July ae Wetmore 47321 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Brady Cove, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 47929 (MIN). Bacidia suffusa (Fr.) A. Schneider - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 5. Dickinson: S of McGregor Creek, NNW of Ralph, Acer woods, on Acer saccharum, Sept 1971, Harris 7606.—Lake: Bear Track US Forest Campground, W of Irons, Thuja swamp, on Fraxinus, Sept 1968, Harris 3891. 154 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Bacidia trachona (Ach.) Lettau - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 0, LP: 1. Alpena (Harris 1977). Bacidina inundata (Fr.) Vezda - saxicolous, on semi-inundated rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Chippewa: 4 mi E of Houghts Landing, Sept 1966, Harris (MIN).—Keweenaw: Keweenaw Point, S of Copper Harbor, July 1974, Thomson 2979 (MIN Baeomyces rufus (Hudson) Rebent. - terricolous and saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: >. Alger: at Laughing Whitefish Point, boggy area, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3233.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, Mt Ida, W side of Lake Ann, Tsuga, Acer, Betula, and Pinus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4185. Bellemerea cinereofuscens (Ach.) Clauzade & Roux - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: L) P32. P:2 Alger: NE of Kingston Lake, open fields, Sept 1972, Harris 6016. Biatora albohyalina (Nyl.) Bagl. & Carestia - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 4 Baraga: vee E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on Fraxinus, Sept 1972, Harris 7976-1,—Clare: Townline Creek swamp, about 2 mi N of Long Lake, on Fraxinus, Oct 1971, Harris 7669. Biatora anthracophila (Nyl.) Hafellner - corticolous, on burnt coniferous wood: glues Baraga: 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore of Lake Superior with Pinus banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, July 1977, Malachowski 6375 B.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, forest along W bank of Siskiwit Creek from Siskiwit Lake to Lake Superior, in Abies, Picea, Betula and Thuja forest, on Pinus stump, June 1977, Malachowski 5742A. Biatora botryosa Fr. - lignicolous or corticolous, on burnt wood; UP: 1, LP: 1. Delta: Isabella, Camp 7 Lake NW of Isabella, on stump, Sept 1969, Harris 4067. Biatora carneoalbida (Miill. Arg.) Coppins - muscicolous, on rocks and trees; UP: 1, ERE Cheboygan: 7 mi W of Cheboygan, on Thuja, Aug 1977, Wetmore 29790 (MIN).—Keweenaw: High Rock Bay, Oct 1976, Erbisch 449] (MIN). Biatora chrysantha (Zahlbr.) Printzen in V. Wirth - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 0. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, S of Miners Falls, on Thuja, July 1987, Wetmore 59577 (MIN).— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, June 1984, Wetmore 51343 (MIN) Biatora efflorescens (Hedl.) Risinen - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S of Brady Cove, July 1983, Wetmore 48288 (MIN).—Mackinac: NNW of Big Knob, on Thuja, May 1977, Harris 12273 (MIN). Biatora epixanthoides (Miill. Arg.) Diederich - corticolous; UP: 5, LP: 1. Cheboygan: S of Hebron Mail Rd, 2 mi N of Levering Rd, base of Thuja (swamp), June 1973, Wang 28/.—Dickinson: S of road into O'Neil Lake Campground, Thuja-Picea swamp, Sept 1971, Harris 7507. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 155 Biatora helvola (K6rber) Hellbom - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP: 4, LP: 2 Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, 1 mi NE of Twelve-Mile Beach Campground, on Populus ees tata, July 1987, Wetmore 58999 (MIN). eee Isle Royale NP, NE of Thompson Island, on Thuja, July 1984, Wetmore 51596 (MIN). Biatora sphaeroides (Dickson) K6rber - muscicolous on rocks and trees; UP: 9, LP: 6 Marquette: Huron Mountains, Fortress, NE of Mountain Lake, on Quercus, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5306.—Presque Isle: Thuja swamp near Clinton Lake, on Thuja, July 1967, Harris 3697. Biatora turgidula (Fr.) Nyl. - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 1. Dickinson: S of road into O’Neil Lake Campground, ae ee eee on Thuja, Sept 1971, Harris 7508.—Oscoda: Mio, woods E of Wagner Lake, i S of Mio, Pinus banksiana woods, on stump, Sept 1973, Harris 8330. Biatora vernalis (L.) Fr. - corticolous and terricolous (over bryophytes); UP: 6, LP: 1. Alger: S end of Kingston Lake, moist woods, base of Acer rubrum, Sept 1970, Harris 6024.— Cheboygan: 6 mi N of Wolverine, off Blueberry Rd, on Populus grandidentata, Oct 1974, Wang 1197. *Biatoropsis usnearum Rasénen - lichenicolous on Usnea spp. on Betula ; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, on Usnea sp., Aug 1972, Wetmore 21117B (MIN). Bryoria capillaris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: ead): Keweenaw: Isle Royal NP, on W side of McCargo Cove, 3 km from the cove mouth, in pce Populus, Betula forest, on Picea, June 1977, Malachowski 6273, Bete Grise Bay, 350 m Mendota Canal, ies shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula, and Acer woods, Oct 1976, ne tee 5029B Bryoria chalybeiformis (L.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; . . 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, Aug Ge Wetmore 21118 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Saginaw Point, on rock, July 1980, Wetmore 41364 (MIN). Bryoria furcellata (Fr.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: Oe Baraga: Huron River, 3 km WSW of mouth of Huron River, in Abies, Betula, Pinus forest, on Pinus alba, July 1977, Malachowski 6415.—Keweenaw: Isle Royal NP, on island in Lane Cove, with Picea, Betula, Abies, and Larix, on Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 6096. Bryoria fuscescens (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - corticolous and lignicolous; : 1 Cheboygan: Reese’s Bog, N shore of Burt Lake, on Abies, July 1949, Imshaug 2959A.— Keweenaw: NE end of Schlatter Lake, in Acer, Betula, and Pinus woods, on Quercus alba, Oct 1976, Mala- chowski 4526. Bryoria implexa (Hoffm.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; a0) 5) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Moskey Basin, at end of Rock Harbor near trail to Lake Richie, on Abies alba, July 1957, Wetmore 424. 156 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Bryoria trichodes (Michaux) Brodo & D. Hawksw. subsp. trichodes - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 12, LP: 2. Cheboygan: W side of Hebron Mail Rd, | mi N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, June 1973, Wang 233.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, 100 m W of Hay Bay Campground, in Berula-Abies forest, on Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 5847. Bryoria trichodes subsp. rt (Mot.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. - corticolous, on coniferous trees: UP? 1,.P: 0). Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Bryophagus gloeocapsa Nitschke ex Arnold - terricolous, over bryophytes; UP: 0, LP Cheboygan (Harris 1977; Esslinger 1997). Buellia arnoldii Servit & Nadv. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 5, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mine Point, on Pinus banksiana, July 1983, Wetmore 49389 (MIN).— Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Good Harbor Bay, Shalda Creek, on Pinus banksiana, July 1987, Wetmore 58596 (MIN). Buellia dialyta (Nyl.) Tuck. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1. Cheboygan: Gorge of Carp Creek, on Tsuga, July 1974, Harris 8914. Buellia disciformis (Fr.) Mudd - corticolous, usually on deciduous trees; UP: 13, | Gi eee: Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, on Acer, July 1976, ete 59014.—Marquette: near edge of Pine Lake, 500 m W of Huron Mountain Club head- rs, on Pinus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3777. Buellia lauricassiae (Fee) Miill. Arg. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Buellia polyspora (Willey) Vainio - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees: UP: be Clare: 2 mi N of Long Lake, between new US Hwy 27 and old US 27, Ulmus-Fraxinus- Boe swamp, on Abies, May 1970, Harris 5909.—losco: swampy area along the AuSable River, NW o Tawas City, on Acer, May 1969, Ohlsson 210A. Buellia schaereri De Not. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 4, LP: 5. Emmet: Wilderness State Park, W of Mackinac City, on dead conifer, Sept 1965, Harris 813.— Oscoda: E of Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi S of Mio, Pinus banksiana woods, on cone of Pinus banksiana, Sept 1973, Harris 8338B. Buellia spuria (Schaerer) Anzi - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Buellia stillingiana J. Steiner - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 15, i) Eee Keweenaw: 350 m N of Mendota Canal, Bete Grise Bay, along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula, and Acer woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5074.—Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Populus, and Betula woods, on Abies, Oct 1976 Malachowski 5574. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 157 Buellia turgescens Tuck. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 1. ae Rodgers Reserve, on siliceous boulder, Aug 1999, eee 8001.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale P, Tobin Harbor, Hidden Lake, July 1983, Wetmore 49206 (MIN). Calicium abietinum Pers. - corticolous, on old wood; UP: 5, LP: 1. Delta: N of Bill’s Creek, NE of Rapid River, dry woods, on Pinus stump, Sept 1969, Harris Calicium glaucellum Ach. - corticolous, on old wood; UP: 1, LP: 2. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Calicium lenticulare Ach. - lignicolous; UP: 0, LP: 2. Cheboygan: W of Hebron Mail Rd, Thuja-Picea swamp, on dead conifer, Aug 1974, Harris 9377. Calicium parvum Tibell - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 1, LP: 2. Presque Isle: Evergreen Beach, Thuja swamp, on Pinus resinosa, July 1974, Harris 9022. Calicium salicinum Pers. - corticolous, on coniferous trees and lignum; UP: 5, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SE of Grace Creek Bog, on conifer snag, July 1984, Wetmore 52091 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, 1 mi S of Huginnin Cove, on Thuja snag, July 1984, Wetmore 52805 (MIN). Calicium trabinellum (Ach.) Ach. - corticolous, on old wood; UP: 6, LP: 2. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on dead conifer, Sept 1972, Harris 8098.—Cheboygan: along Carp Creek at Hogsback Rd, Thuja swamp, on stump, July 1974, Harris 8964. Caloplaca arenaria (Pers.) Mill. Arg. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 1. Ionia: rock pile in field near Saranac, on rock, Apr 1958, Imshaug 2/116.—Iron: Kenton, old slate mine, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20765. Caloplaca atroalba (Tuck.) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Long Island, July 1959, Wetmore 5057; Isle Royale NP, Long Island, July 1959, Wetmore 5077. Caloplaca cerina (Ehrh. ex Hedwig) Th. Fr. - corticolous, usually on deciduous trees, and terricolous on plant debris; UP: 13, LP: 29. Marquette: Huron Mountains, hilltop on W side of Huron Mountains, on Populus grandidentata, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4370.—Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Populus, and Betula woods, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5569. Caloplaca chrysodeta (Vainio ex Rasinen) Dombr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: Alpena (Harris 1977). Caloplaca chrysophthalma Degel. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 1. Baraga: woods E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus-Populus tremu- loides woods, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1972, Harris 7906.—Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Sand unes, on dead tree, Aug 1933, Darlington s.n. 158 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Caloplaca cirrochroa (Ach.) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Mackinac (Harris 1977). Caloplaca citrina (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on siliceous and calcareous rocks; :0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Amygdaloid Island, S shore of Amygdaloid Lake, July 1959, Wet- more 4611. Caloplaca cladodes (Tuck.) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, mouth of McCargo Cove, July dee Wetmore 48003 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, SW of McGinty Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 51990 (MIN). Caloplaca conversa (Hoffm.) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: High Rock Bay, along shore, of Lake Superior, with Abies balsamea, Betula, and Pinus strobus, on rock, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4817.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Moutains SP, Union Bay picnic ground, July 1976, Pipoly 104C. Caloplaca discolor (Willey) Fink - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 1. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, bay N of Green Bay, on Thuja, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27785.—Chippewa: Lower Tahquamenon Falls, Thuja-Fagus-Acer forest, on Thuja, Aug 1957, Imshaug 19905. Caloplaca epithallina Lynge - lichenicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Caloplaca feracissima H. Magn. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 9. Chippewa: Prentiss Bay, along coast, Aug 1949, te 38/3.—Kalamazoo: Railroad crossing on 30th St, 0.3 mi S of C Ave, July 1970, Harris 5967 Caloplaca ferruginea (Huds.) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Caloplaca flavorubescens (Huds.) J. R. Laundon - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP 2 LP 4 Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Green Bay, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27827.— Leelanau: Sugarloaf, on Tilia, July 1961, Imshaug 27395. Caloplaca flavovirescens (Wulfen) Dalla Torre & Sarnth. - saxicolous, on calcare- ousTocks; P23. EP? 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW end of West Caribou Island, July 1959, Wetmore 4425. Caloplaca fraudans (Th. Fr.) H. Olivier - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999), Caloplaca grimmiae (Nyl.) H. Olivier - on Candelariella vitellina; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Saginaw Point, July 1980, Wetmore 41399 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island, July 1983, We tmore 48446 (MIN). Caloplaca holocarpa (Hoffm. ex Ach.) A. E. Wade - corticolous and saxicolous; Ue ose. 12 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 159 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, in Betula-Abies forest 100 m W of Hay Bay Campground, on Populus tremuloides, June 1977, Malachowski 5827.—Montmorency: 4 mi S of Atlanta, off County Rd 487, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang 927. Caloplaca invadens Lynge - lichenicolous on Lecanora & Physcia spp.; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Caloplaca microphyllina (Tuck.) Hasse - corticolous, on old wood; UP: 0, LP: 2. Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, gravel pit 2 mi S of Empire, on Fraxinus pennsylvanica, June 1987, Wetmore 57907 (MIN); Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, 3.5 mi NE of Glen Arbor, on Acer saccharum, July 1987, Wetmore 58345 (MIN). Caloplaca obliterans (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. - saxicolous, on mildly calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Caloplaca oxfordensis Fink - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 4. Iron: old slate mine, near Kenton, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20765 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Saginaw Point, July 1980, Wetmore 41359 (MIN). Caloplaca parvula Wetmore - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Mackinac: on Big Knob Rd near US 2, on Acer saccharum, May 1977, Harris 12327 (MIN). Caloplaca pollinii (A. Massal.) Jatta - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1 Leelanau: eae: Bear Dunes NL, Glen Haven, Sleeping Bear Point, on Juniperus, July 1987, Wetmore 58244 (MIN). Caloplaca saxicola (Hoffm.) Nordin - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: between Eagle Rocks & Eagle Harbor, on rocky outcrop, Oct 1980, Rutkowski s.n. (MIN) Caloplaca sideritis (Tuck.) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997).—Washtenaw (Wetmore 1996). Caloplaca sinapisperma (Lam. & DC.) Maheu & A. Gillet - terricolous and on plant debris; UP: 2, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW of Saginaw Point, July 1983, Wetmore 46945 (MIN). Caloplaca stellata Wetmore & Karnefelt - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, 1 mi S of Huginnin Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 5285] (MIN). Caloplaca ulmorum (Fink) Fink - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 2. Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, a 1976, Imshaug 58970.—Newaygo: Quercus alba trees along road, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21199B Caloplaca vitellinula (Nyl.) H. Olivier - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Washington Harbor, Johns Island, June 1958, Wetmore 2088 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Huginnin Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 52277 (MIN). 160 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 I Candelaria concolor (Dickson) Stein - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 11 i . Clinton: NW side of Rose Lake, in a very moist deciduous forest, July 1979, Fruit SA.—Ingham: MSU Campus, E side of Baker Woodlot, fallen branch, Nov 1973, Harris 8545, Candelaria fibrosa (Fr.) Miill. Arg. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 8. Emmet: Wilderness State Park, Sept 1962, Harris s.n.—Mecosta: near Paris, in old bog, on Populus tremuloides, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21240. Candelariella aurella (Hoffm.) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Davidson Island, along shores and rocky cliffs, June 1958, Wetmore 2594A; rocky shore of Lake Superior at Five-Mile Point, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20893. Candelariella efflorescens R. C. Harris & W. R. Buck - corticolous; UP: 8, LP: 31. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Cork Island, SE of Belle Isle, Thuja, Abies, Betula, Picea forest, on Picea, June 1977, Malachowski 6103C.—Oscoda: near Wagner Lake, ca 7 mi § of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, on Populus grandidentata, Sept 1973, Harris 8247. Candelariella vitellina (Hoffm.) Miill. Arg. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 9, Huron: Lake Huron, Eagle Bay, Point Aux Barques, sandstone quarry, May 1958, Imshaug 2154/.—Iron: Kenton, old slate mine, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20774. Candelariella xanthostigma (Ach.) Lettau - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, | aaa Bo) Benzie: Benzie State Park, forested sand dunes, on Quercus, July 1961, limshaug 27454.—Jack- son: Big Portage Lake, open abandoned field, on Quercus, June 1957, Imshaug 19752. Canomaculina subtinctoria (Zahlbr.) Elix (syn. Rimeliella subtinctoria) - corti- colous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1 Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Platte Point, on Quercus rubra, June 1987, Wetmore 58085 (MIN). Catillaria globulosa (Flérke) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Delta: Charboneau Point, Thuja swamp, Sept 1976, Harris 11775A (MICH). Catillaria lenticularis (Ach.) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rock; UP: 1, LP: 1. Mackinac: (Harris 1977). Catillaria nigroclavata (Nyl.) Schuler - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 8. Cheboygan: E of Pine Grove Campground, Pinus banksiana-Populus woods, on Populus tremu- loides, Aug 1972, Harris 7797.—Oscoda: ca. 7.5 mi S of Mio, moist Quercus-Acer rubrum woods W of Watson Rd, on Populus grandidentata, Sept 1973, Harris 8394B. Catillaria tristis (Mill. Arg.) Arnold - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Mackinac: E of Cedarville, N of Mich Hwy 134, on limestone boulders, Aug 1967, Harris 3728A. Catinaria atropurpurea (Schaerer) Vezda & Poelt - corticolous; UP: 5, LP: 3. Dickinson: S of road into O'Neil Lake Campground, Thuja-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1971, Harrts 7501. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 161 Cetraria arenarea Karnefelt - terricolous, on dry ground; UP: 6, LP: 9. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Iron Ore Bay, Aug 1961, eee 27702.—Schoolcraft: Lake Michi- gan, Seul Choix Point, sand dunes, Aug 1957, oa 20395 Cetraria ericetorum Opiz subsp. ericetorum - terricolous, on dry ground; UP: 1, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Gay, 15 mi E of Calumet, July 1976, Erbisch 4216 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, July 1983, Wetmore 46632 (MIN). Cetraria ericetorum subsp. reticulata (Rasénen) Karnefelt - terricolous, on dry ground; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Moskey Basin near Rock Harbor, July 1957, Wetmore 427; Isle Royale NP, Jackpine Point, about halfway down bay on N side between Conglomrate Bay and Tonkin Bay, July 1959, Wetmore 4277. Cetraria islandica (L.) Ach. subsp. islandica - terricolous, on dry ground; UP: 1, LP: 3. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, North End Bay, Aug 1961, /mshaug 27549 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, South Government Island, July 1984, Wetmore 53309 (MIN) Cetraria islandica subsp. crispiformis (Rasénen) Karnefelt - terricolous, on dry ground; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, rocky shore (exposed to Lake Superior and faces NW) of Capt. Kidd Island (NE of Amygdaloid Island), July 1959, Wetmore 4677, 4683 Cetrelia cetrarioides (Duby) Culb. & C. Culb. - corticolous, on mossy trees, and saxicolous, on rocks in swamps and moist woods; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Siskiwit Falls River, on Thuja, June 1958, Wetmore 2401. Cetrelia chicitae (Culb.) Culb. & C. Culb. - corticolous, on mossy trees, and saxi- colous, on rocks in swamps and moist woods; UP: 5, LP: 1 Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, S of Miners Falls, on Thuja, July 1987, Wetmore 59567.—_Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW of McGinty Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 52075. Cetrelia olivetorum (Nyl.) Culb. & C. Culb. - corticolous, on mossy trees, and saxicolous, on rocks in swamps and moist woods; UP: 12, LP: 7. Delta: along Haymeadow Creek Falls Nature Trail on County Rd 509, NE of Rapid River, wet woods, old fallen Thuja, Sept 1969, Harris 4199.—Marquette: Huron Mts, Middle Falls, Salmon- Trout River, Pinus, Betula, and Tsuga, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4330. Chaenotheca brachypoda (Ach.) Tibell - lignicolous and corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Chaenotheca brunneola (Ach.) Mill. Arg. - lignicolous and corticolous; UP: 5, LP: 4. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Iron Ore Bay, on Abies, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27707.—Cheboygan: along Carp Creek N of Hogsback Rd, Thuja swamp, on old stump, July 1974, Harris 8943. Chaenotheca chrysocephala (Turner ex Ach.) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 4, LP: 1 Gogebic: Great Conglomerate Falls of Black River, mixed hardwood-conifer forest, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20703.—Keweenaw: about 2 mi NE of Windigo on Windigo Mine Trail, June 1958, Wetmore 1840. 162 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Chaenotheca cinerea (Pers.) Tibell - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Chaenotheca ferruginea (Turner & Borrer) Mig. - corticolous, on deciduous and coniterous trees; UP: 4, LP: 2, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, on Betula, July 1983, Wetmore 46658 (MIN).— Mackinac: 40 mi W of St. Ignace, on Pinus resinosa, Aug 1977, Wetmore 29761 (MIN). Chaenotheca furfuracea(L..) Tibell - corticolous, on tree roots and stumps; UP: 6, Baraga: swamp NE of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Sept 1972, Harris 7887.—Clinton: E of Hinman Rd, S of unnamed tributary of Maple River, Thuja swamp, on humus in roots of fallen tree, Nov 1973, Harris 8488. Chaenotheca hispidula (Ach.) Zahlbr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 1. Cheboygan: 7 mi W of Cheboygan, Aug 1977, Wetmore 29804 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SE Huginnin Cove, on Acer saccharum, July 1984, Wetmore 52441. Chaenotheca laevigata Nadv. - lignicolous; UP: 4, LP: 0. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, Munising, Sand Point, on Thuja, July 1987, Wetmore 59691 (MIN).— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, New Feldtman Tower, N slope, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 48605 (MIN). Chaenotheca phaeocephala (Turner) Th. Fr. - lignicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Chaenotheca stemonea (Ach.) Miill. Arg. - lignicolous; UP: 4, LP: 2. Cheboygan: 7 mi W of Cheboygan, Aug 1977, Wetmore 29809 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale 0.5 mi E of Long Point, on Picea mariana stump, July 1984, Wetmore 52660 (MIN Chaenotheca trichialis (Ach.) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees, UP 4 LP i Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, S of Miners Falls, on Thuja, July 1987, Wetmore 59555 (MIN). eee tat Isle Royale NP, NE side of Moskey Basin, on Thuja snag, July 1983, Wetmore 4832] (M Chaenotheca xyloxena Nadv. - lignicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, NE side of Moskey Basin, on Abies balsamea snag, July 1983, Wetmore 48370 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, 0.5 mi E of Windigo, on Abies balsamea snag, July 1984, Wetmore 51851 (MIN). *Chaenothecopsis consociata (Nadv.) A. F. W. Schmidt - lichenicolous, on Chaenotheca chrysocephala, UP: 2, LP: 0. Gogebic: 2 mi SE of Marenisco, [on lichen] on Thuja, July 1975, Harris 10017 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, across from Clay Island, [on lichen] on Picea, July 1983, Wetmore 47702 (MIN). —- Chaenothecopsis debilis (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Tibell - lignicolous and corti- colous UP?2, LP? J Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, New Feldtman Tower, S slope, on Thuja snag, July 1983, Wetmore (MI 48660 N).—Mackinac: 40 mi W of St. Ignace, on Abies balsamea, Aug 1977, Wetmore 29768 MIN). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 163 +Chaenothecopsis pusilla (Ach.) A. F. W. Schmidt - lichenicolous, on Chaenotheca and Calicium spp.; UP: 3, LP: 2. Gogebic: N of Bobcat Lake Campground, [on lichen] on conifer stump, July 1975, Harris 10066 ( IN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, swamp E of Feldtmann Lake, [on lichen] on conifer snag, July 1984, Wetmore 52873 (MIN). {+Chaenothecopsis pusiola Nee Vainio (syn. C. lignicola) - lichenicolous, on Chaenotheca spp.; UP: 3 weenaw: Isle Royale NP, a N of Stockly Bay, [on lichen] on conifer snag, July 1983, ee 49765 (MIN).—Mackinac: Rick River Rd, [on lichen] on conifer stump, May 1977, Harris 12549 (MIN). +Chaenothecopsis rubescens Vainio - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Middle Point SE of Washington Island, on Thuja, July 1984, Wet- more 51734 (MIN). +Chaenothecopsis savonica (Rasdnen) Tibell - lignicolous; UP: 1, LP: 1. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, 0.5 mi SW of Hurricane River Campground, [on lichen] on Thuja, July 1987, Wetmore 59293 (MIN).—Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, 1 mi S of Platte River Point, June 1987, Wetmore 58105 (MIN). *Chaenothecopsis viridialba (Kremp.) A. F. W. Schmidt - lichenicolous, on crus- taceous lichens; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, NE side of Moskey Basin, [on lichen] on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 48386 (MIN). +Chaenothecopsis viridireagens ae A. F. W. Schmidt - lichenicolous, on Chaenotheca brunneola; UP: 1, LP: Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, across from Clay Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47742 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, bay N of Stockly Bay, [on lichen] on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 49528 (MIN). Chromatochlamys muscorum (Fr.) H. Mayrh. & Poelt - muscicolous, on mossy trees and rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: on shoreline ca. 3 mi W of Copper Harbor, W end of Hebbard Park, ca. 6 m from the e, growing over mosses on relatively high, NW-facing slope of shoreline rocks, Aug 1980, ae 1352 (MICH Chrysothrix candelaris (L.) J. R. Laundon - corticolous; UP: 4, LP: 2. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, AuSable Point, on dead Abies balsamea, July 1987, Wetmore 59070 (MIN eee Isle Royale NP, Checker Point, on Abies balsamea snag, July 1983, Wet- more 48771 (MIN). Chrysothrix chlorina (Ach.) J. R. Laundon - saxicolous, on shaded siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Cladina arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale & Culb. - terricolous, on dry heaths; UP: 13, LP: 17. Delta: near Bill’s Creek at County Rd 509, NE of Rapid River, dry Pinus banksiana woods, Sept 1969, Harris 4160.—Roscommon: Houghton State Forest, W of US Hwy 27, dry Pinus banksiana forest, Oct 1968, Ohlsson 60. 164 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Cladina mitis (Sandst.) Hustich - terricolous, on dry heaths; UP: 13, LP: 29. Oscoda: near Wagner Lake ca. 7 mi S of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8197.—Otsego: just W of Pigeon River State Forest, meadows or beaver marsh, July 1976, Pipoly 265. Cladina rangiferina (L.) Nyl. - terricolous, on dry heaths; UP: 14, LP: 38. Alger: 500 m S of Twelve-Mile Beach Campground, Pinus strobus, P. banksiana, Abies bal- samea, and Betula, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2692.—Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, Oct 1976, Imshaug 5%839 Cladina stellaris (Opiz) Brodo - terricolous, on dry heaths; UP: 14, LP: 10. Cheboygan: 1.3 mi W of Univ. of Mich. Biological Station entrance on Riggsville Rd, Cladina barrens and dry woods with Populus, Acer rubrum, Quercus nigra, Pinus strobus, and P. resi- nosa, June 1991, Bourell 39°76. Cladina stygia (Fr.) Ahti - terricolous, on boggy ground; UP: 2, LP: 0. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, E side of Grand Portal Point, July 1987, Wetmore 5978] (MIN).— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49632 (MIN). Cladonia acuminata (Ach.) Norrlin - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 6, LP: 4. Chippewa: Lower Tahquarnenon Falls, Fagus-Acer forest, Aug 1957, Imshaug 19907.—Char- levoix: Beaver Island, Pizgah Dunes, Donegal Bay, Aug 1961, /mshaug 27600. Cladonia amaurocraea (Flérke) Schaerer - saxicolous, on mossy boulders, ete: 1B eye Bie Keweenaw: along base of cliff on Cliff Drive, 3 km S of Route 41, June 1977, Malachowski 5664: Isle Royale NP, rocky western headland of McCargo Cove, mostly Picea but some Populus, Betula, and Abies, on rock, June 1977, Malachowski 6268. Cladonia bacilliformis (Nyl.) Gliick - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 2, LP: 1. Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Platte Point, June 1987, Wetmore eee (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, across from Clay Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47739 (MIN). Cladonia botrytes (K. Hagen) Willd. - tree stumps; UP: 9, LP: 3. Chippewa: Bayview Campground, along shore of Lake Superior, in Acer, Betula, Pinus banksiana forest, July 1977, Malachowski 7291.—Keweenaw: N of Lake Addie, swampy area with Abies and Betula, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4904A, Cladonia brevis (Sandst.) Sandst. - terricolous; UP: 1, LP: 3. Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, summit of escarpment above Lake of the Clouds, cliff ledge, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20435.——-Oscoda: between Watson Rd and Union Corners Rd about 7 mi of Mio, Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8382. Cladonia caespiticia (Pers.) Flérke - corticolous, on mossy tree stumps; UP: 6, LP: 9. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus-Populus woods, Sept 1972, Harris 7947.—Ingham: MSU Campus, Baker Woodlot, managed area, on base of Quercus, Nov 1973, Harris 8437. Cladonia cariosa (Ach.) Sprengel - terricolous, on exposed, sandy, calcareous Sauce Lip 10. P14. Baraga: old borrow pit near Sturgeon River Bridge, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Sept 1972, Harris 8047,—Ingham: Dansville State Game Area, dry fields W of Howard Rd, on soil, June 1972 Harris 7747. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 165 Cladonia carneola (Fr.) Fr. - terricolous, on humus-rich soil; UP: 2, LP: 0. Alger: near AuTrain, along coast of Lake Superior at Scott Falls, Aug 1957, /mshaug 20228.— Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, summit of escarpment NW of Lake of the Clouds, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20521. Cladonia caroliniana Tuck. - terricolous; UP: 0, LP: 1. Ogemaw: in Pinus banksiana area, Sept 1959, Imshaug 25390. Cladonia cenotea (Ach.) Schaerer - terricolous, on humus-rich soil; UP: 12, LP: 6. Baraga: sandy shore of Lake Superior 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, Pinus banksiana, scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, July 1977, Malachowski 6376.—Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, July 1976, Imshaug 58928. Cladonia cervicornis (Ach.) Flotow subsp. cervicornis - terricolous, on acid soils, and saxicolous, on boulders; UP: 13, LP: 2 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, inside Chippewa Harbor, July 1983, Wetmore 47196 (MIN).—Shia- wassee: Rose Lake Experimental Station, Apr 1957, Wetmore 25 (MIN) Cladonia cervicornis subsp. verticillata (Hoffm.) Ahti - terricolous, on acid soils, and saxicolous, on boulders; UP: 11, LP: 17. Huron: near Caseville, on sandy soil under Pinus, June 1957, Imshaug 19641.—Leelanau: Lake Michigan, along shore of Lake Michigan at Lighthouse Point, N tip of Leelanau Peninsula, June 1957, Imshaug 19506. Cladonia chlorophaea (Flérke ex Sommerf.) Sprengel - mossy soils and boulders; WR BD) Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Donegal Bay, Pizgah Dunes, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27607.—Newaygo: between White Cloud and Newaygo, base of Quercus alba, June 1957, Imshaug 19869. Cladonia coccifera (L.) Willd. - mossy soils and boulders; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Lake Superior at Five-Mile Point, rocky shore, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20873, Isle Royale NP, cliffs back from shore on main island across from Clay Island, in bay S of Robinson Bay, on rock cliffs, July 1959, Wetmore 4544. Cladonia coniocraea (Flérke) Sprengel - corticolous, on decaying wood; UP: 15, eB 32, Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, Mirror Lake, on Betula, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20627.—School- craft: Indian Lake, around Big Spring, Thuja bog, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20008. Cladonia conista A. Evans - terricolous, on humus-rich soil; UP: 1, LP: 4. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Cladonia cornuta (L.) Hoffm. - corticolous, on decaying coniferous wood; UP: 8, eB 2k Dickinson: road into O’Neil Lake See eas Pinus banksiana-Populus woods, Sept 1971, Harris 7382.—Keweenaw: N s of Gay, s of Lake Superior with low cliffs, and adjacent woods with spinon and eee July on Imshaug 59142. Cladonia crispata (Ach.) Flotow - terricolous, on acidic ground; UP: 11, LP: 12. Chippewa: Lower Tahquamenon Falls, open Populus woods with Pteridium aquilinum, Aug 1957, se 19945.—Roscommon: SW part of county, Pinus banksiana woods, May 1958, Imshaug 21292 166 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Cladonia cristatella Tuck. - terricolous; UP: 15, LP: 43. Clare: Chamaedaphne bog, scattered Pinus banksiana and Populus on sandy soil, May 1959, Erbisch 104.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, summit of escarpment NW of Lake of the Clouds, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20527. Cladonia cryptochlorophaea Asah. - terricolous, on humus-rich soil: UP: 5, LP: 12. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Outer Hill Island, July 1980, Wetmore 41527 (MIN).—Washtenaw: NW of Mill Lake, Feb 1975, Harris 9818 (MIN). Cladonia cyanipes (Sommerf.) Nyl. - mossy rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49639 (MIN). 5 Cladonia cylindrica (A. Evans) A. Evans - terricolous and also on decaying wood; UP: : 4. Gladwin: Gladwin, old field with scattered Thuja, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21039.—Ingham: MSU campus, East Lansing, middle of Baker Woodlot, on rotted stump, Mar 1974, Harris 8633. Cladonia dahliana Kristinsson - terricolous, on acidic soils: UP: 4, LP: 1. Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton Plains, limestone pavement, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60137. Cladonia decorticata (Flérke) Sprengel - terricolous, on earth and sand: UP: 2, LP: 4. Oscoda: E of Wagner Lake ca. 7 mi § of Mio, Pinus banksiana woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8329. Cladonia deformis (L.) Hoffm. - terricolous, on humus-rich Sou Pr tO. Ps 7, Baraga: 3 km WSW of mouth of Huron River, Abies, Betula, Pinus forest, July 1977, Mala- chowski 6413.—Chippewa: Bayview Campground, along shore of Lake Superior, Acer, Betula, Pinus banksiana forest, July 1977, Malachowski 7288. Cladonia digitata (L.) Hoffm. - corticolous, on decaying wood; UP: 11, LP: 8. Cheboygan: W side of Hebron Mail Rd, N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, on rotten stump, Sept 1973, Wang 444.—Dickinson: road into O'Neil Lake Campground, Pinus banksiana-Populus- Picea woods, on rotten stump, Sept 1971, Harris 7490. Cladonia ecmocyna Leighton - among boulders; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999), Cladonia farinacea (Vainio) A. Evans - sandy soils, tree bases; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Cladonia fimbriata (L.) Fr. - rotten wood, open soil: Pro LPs 11, Baraga: 3 km WSW of mouth of Huron River, Abies, Betula, Pinus forest, July 1977, Mala- chowski 6405.—Oscoda: E of Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi $ of Mio, Pinus banksiana woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8327A. Cladonia floerkeana (Fr.) Flérke - usually terricolous, on open ground; UP: 1, LP: 1. Cheboygan: SW of intersection of Burt Lake and Hardwood Rds, old field, on old log, July 1974, Farris 9021,—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Siskowit Lake, near camp site, June 1953, Bazuin 9375, Cladonia furcata (Hudson) Schrader - terricolous, on open, acidic ground; UP: 9, IDES S. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 167 Baraga: Point Abbays, low lying forest with standing water, Pinus strobus, Betula, Fraxinus, Acer forest, July 1977, Malachowski 6425.—Chippewa: Drummond Island, old field E of Bruce Point, Oct 1976, Jmshaug 60070. Cladonia gracilis (L.) Willd. - terricolous, on heathy soils; UP: 15, LP: 18. Baraga: 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, shore of Lake Superior with Pinus banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, July 1977, Malachowski 6362B.—Chippewa: Bayview Camp- ground, Acer, Betula, Pinus banksiana forest along the shore of Lake Superior, July 1977, Malachowski 7287. Cladonia grayi G. Merr. ex Sandst. - terricolous, on peat bogs, and corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 10, LP: 24 Baraga: 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore of Lake Superior with Pinus banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, July 1977, Malachowski 6353——Roscommon: Harrison Tote Rd ca. 1 mi W of US Hwy 27, Pinus banksiana woods, Oct 1971, Harris 7679. Cladonia humilis (With.) J. R. Laundon - terricolous, on open soils and dunes; Arenac: Point Lookout, June 1957, Imshaug 19391.—Menominee: between Bass and Resort Lakes, in Pinus banksiana and Quercus woods, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20302. Cladonia incrassata Florke - on peat and decaying wood; UP: 0:, LP: 9. Jackson: S$ of Flansburgh Rd, ca. 1 mi E of US Hwy 127, swamp, Sept 1974, Harris 9555.— Newaygo: Dudgeon swamp, S of One-Mile Rd, ENE of White Cloud, Oct 1972, Harris 8160. Cladonia macilenta Hoffm. var. macilenta - terricolous, on humus-rich soil; UP: 7, heboygan: on N side of Orchard Beach Rd, 1 mi E of Alverno, Thuja swamp, stump in sandy clearing, June 1973, Wang 108.—Chippewa: Drummond Island, along shore N of Bruce Point, in mixed conifer-hardwoods, Oct 1976, eae 59986. Cladonia macilenta var. bacillaris (Genth) Schaerer - terricolous, on humus-rich soil; UP: 10, LP: 22 Chippewa: along shore of Lake Superior, Bayview Campground, in Acer, Betula, Pinus banksiana forest, July 1977, Malachowski 7273.—Dickinson: at S end of O’Neil Lake, Thuja-Picea swamp, Sept 1971, Harris 7561. Cladonia macrophylla (Schaerer) Stenh. - terricolous, on open ground; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette (Harris 1977). Cladonia maxima (Asah.) Ahti - terricolous, on damp heaths and woods; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, outside of Locke Point, July 1983, Nea 47432 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49642 (MIN). Cladonia merochlorophaea Asah. - terricolous, on humus in coniferous forests; Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on S side of Passage Island, dead Abies, July 1959, Wetmore 532].— Schoolcraft: Indian Lake, around Big Spring, Thuja bog, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20021. Cladonia multiformis G. Merr. - moist soil and decaying wood; UP: 12, LP: 12. Kalkaska: near Kalkaska, Larix and Chamaedaphne bog, June 1957, Jmshaug 19461.—Keweenaw: shore of Lake Superior with | cliffs, and adjacent woods, N side of Gay, Sphagnum and boulders, July 1976, Imshaug pain 168 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Cladonia ochrochlora Flérke - corticolous, on decaying wood; UP: 1, LP: 1. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999), Cladonia parasitica (Hoffm.) Hoffm. - corticolous, on decaying wood; UP: 3, LP: 11. Chi ee along shore of Lake Superior, poled Campground, in Acer, Betula, Pinus banksiana forest, on stump, July 1977, Malachowski 7274E.—Keweenaw: between Lac La Belle, and Deer Lake, Be area with Populus, Pteridium ia and Cladina mats, ee 1976, Imshaug 58806. Cladonia peziziformis (With.) J. R. Laundon - terricolous, on calcareous heaths: Clinton: Rose Lake Game Area, SE of junction of Clark and Peacock Rds, old fields, Oct 1971, Harris 7684.—Eaton: Grand Ledge, Fitzgerald Park, abandoned quarry, on open, barren soil, May 1959, Erbisch 50. Cladonia phyllophora Hoffm. - rock outcrops and bare soil; UP: 11, LP: 17. Lake: near Baldwin, in Pinus banksiana-Quercus alba woods, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21152.—Ogemaw: open sandy low area with Pinus banksiana, Sept 1959, Imshaug 25424. Cladonia piedmontensis G. Merr. - terricolous; UP: 0, LP: 5. se Dansville State Game Area, W of Howard Rd, dry fields, on soil, June 1972, Harris 733.—Jackson: N of junction of Clear Lake and Green Rds, dry field, June 1970, Harris 5935. Cladonia pleurota (Flérke) Schaerer - open ground and rocks; UP: 7, LP: 10. Alger: | km E of Hurricane River Campground along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula alleghaniensis, Acer, and Thuja, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2637.—Calhoun: on a ridge in the forest Goose Lake, on soil, May 1969, Ohlsson 152. Cladonia pocillum (Ach.) Grognot - terricolous, on calcareous ground; UP: 1, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Cladonia polycarpoides Nyl. - terricolous, on calcareous ground; UP: 0, LP: 15. hee Dansville State Game Area, W of Howard Rd, dry fields, on soil, June 1972, Harris —Shiawassee: along S branch of Looking Glass River, dry hills reforested with Pinus, July Hs Fruit 9. Cladonia pyxidata (L.) Hoffm. - terricolous, on open ground; UP: 12, LP: 25. carols N of Lake Addie, swampy area with Abies and Betula, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4913.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, Middle Falls, Salmon-Trout River, Pinus, Betula, and Tsuga, Oct 1976, Wee as 3]. Cladonia ramulosa (With.) J. R. Laundon - usually terricolous, on open ground; Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus- Thuja swamp, June 1973, Wang 8/.—Eaton: Grand Ledge, Fitzgerald Park, near swamp, on boulders, Nov 1961, Brodo 3456. Cladonia rei Schaerer - terricolous, on mineral or calcareous soils; UP: 11, LP: 30. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, bluff near Barney Lake, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27758.—Washtenaw: NW corner of Crooked Lake, dry road bank, June 1970, Harris 5922. Cladonia robbinsii A. Evans - terricolous, on dry sole P: 0. Pe 2: Allegan: dry field E of 48th St. ca. 0.25 mi S of 126th Ave., July 1970, Harris 5971, —Newaygo: E of Newaygo, dry field W of Oak Rd, June 1972, Harris 7752. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 169 Cladonia scabriuscula (Delise) Nyl. - mossy rocks and open heaths; UP: 9, LP: 2. Gogebic: Sandstone Falls of Black River, mixed hardwoods-conifers, Sept 1957, I/mshaug 20715,.— Presque Isle: shore of Lake Huron on point near Presque Isle Lighthouse, June 1958, /mshaug 22123 Cladonia sobolescens Nyl. ex Vainio - terricolous, on sandy soils; UP: 1, LP: 2. Washtenaw (Harris 1977). Cladonia squamosa Hoffm. - bogs, mossy rocks; UP: 14, LP: 16. Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59850.—Oscoda: E branch of Big Creek downstream from Mapes Rd, Thuja-Picea swamp, Sept 1973, Harris 8313. Cladonia strepsilis (Ach.) Grognot - acid rocks and soil; UP: 0, LP: 2. Benzie: Benzie State Park, forested sand dunes, on a sandy trail, July 1961, Imshaug 27428. — Roscommon: along Harrison Tote Rd 1 mi W of old U.S. 27, dry Pinus banksiana woods, Oct 1968, Harris 3946. Cladonia subulata (L.) F. H. Wigg. - terricolous, on open, mineral soils; UP: 5, LP: 1. Baraga: along road N of Sturgeon River bridge, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Sept 1972, Harris 8051.— Oscoda: W of Watson Rd, about 7.5 mi S of Mio, moist Quercus-Acer rubrum woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8416. Cladonia sulphurina (Michaux) Fr. - usually terricolous, on humus-rich soils; UP: Alger: 1 km. E of Hurricane River campground, along shore of See aa ae Abies, ia Fieeronon oie and Thuja, on Thuja, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2623C.—Keweenaw: shor Lake Superior, N side of can ioe cliffs, and adjacent woods with Romie ne eee nae 1976, Imshaug 59133. Cladonia symphycarpa (Flérke) Fr. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 4, LP: 4. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21147 (MIN).—Leelanau: Sleep- ing Bear Dunes NL, Glen Haven, Sleeping Bear Point, July 1987, Wetmore 58252 (MIN Cladonia turgida Hoffm. - damp soils and rocks; UP: 9, LP: 7. Benzie: Benzie State Park, forested sand dunes, July 1961, Jmshaug 27423.—Charlevoix: Beaver Island, North End Bay, Aug 1961, /mshaug 27539. Cladonia uncialis (L.) F. H. Wigg. - acid soils, rocks and bogs; UP: 13, LP: 24. Lake: near Baldwin, Pinus banksiana woods, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21176.—Roscommon: SW part of county, Pinus banksiana woods, May 1958, Imshaug 21294 Cladonia wainioi Savicz - saxicolous, on mossy boulders; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, July 1983, Wetmore 46617 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, 1 mi S of Huginnin Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 52772 (MIN). Clauzadea monticola (Ach. ex Schaerer) Hafellner & Bellem. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0 Chippewa, Delta: on limestone (Harris 1977). Cliostomum griffithii (Sm.) Coppins - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, NE of Thompson Island, on Abies balsamea, July 1984, Wetmore 51563 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, E of Rainbow Cove, on Thuja, July 1984, Wetmore 51909 (MIN). 170 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Collema bachmanianum (Fink) Degel. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 1, LP: 1. Mackinac (Harris 1977).—Presque Isle: Hammond Bay Biological Station, end of 2-track road, on ground, July 1979, Rouse 48 (det. R. C. Harris) (MICH). Collema coccophorum Tuck. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 1 LPs 0. Marquette: Sugerloaf Mountain, on shore rocks, June 1933, Lowe 2331A (det. R. C. Harris) (MICH). Collema conglomeratum Hoffm. - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: 1, LP: 0. eweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Amygdaloid Island, on Populus tremuloides, July 1984, Wetmore pa (MIN). Collema furfuraceum (Arnold) Du Rietz - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Wallace Lake, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wetmore 47642 MIN); Isle Royale NP, New Feldtman Tower, S slope, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wetmore 48680 (MIN). Collema fuscovirens (With.) J. R. Laundon - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 4, Houghton: Limestone Mt., W of Pelkie, on cliff, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5088.—Schoolcraft: Seul Choix Point, sand dunes along Lake Michigan, on limestone, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20408 Collema cae ge Oe ex Crombie) Degel. - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks) Ps Jc Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, on outside (facing Lake Superior) along shore at SW end, on rock, June 1958, Wetmore 1636A Collema limosum (Ach.) Ach. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 0, LP: 1. Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, W end of Long Lake, N of Crystal Lake, June 1987, Wetmore 58119 (MIN). Collema in (Hudson) DC. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 1. Ke aa Royale NP, on hill behind Siskiwit Bay CCC a directly behind cabins, on ene ae 1958, Wetmore 1765; Isle Royale NP, on W side of McCargo Cove, 3 km from Cove mouth, Abies, Populus, and Fagus forest, Populus tremuloides, June 1977, hy nes 6294 Collema polycarpon Hoffm. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UPs 1. LP: 0): Keweenaw: Hebard Park, coast of Lake Superior between Agate Harbor and Copper Harbor, on rock, Sept 1949, /mshaug 4601. Collema pulcellum Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SE of Grace Creek bog, on fallen Populus de oalaegs July 1984, Wetmore 52115 (MIN).—Marquette: Huron Mountains, Mt Ida, W side e Ann, Tsuga, Acer, Betula, and Pinus forest, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 41ISB. Collema subflaccidum Degel. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 11, LP: 5. Marquette: Huron Mountains, Mt Ida, W side of Lake Ann, Tsuga, Acer, Betula woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 41/8A.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mts, SW shore of Lake of the Clouds, Populus, Betula, and Acer woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5509. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 171 Collema tenax (Sw.) Ach. - usually terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 4, LP: 5. Alger: Scott Falls near Au Train, on roof of cave, on rock, Aug 1967, Harris 3716.—Cheboygan: Reese’s Bog, N shore of Burt Lake, July 1949, /mshaug 3021. Collema undulatum Laurer ex Flotow - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 5, P: 0 Chippewa: W of Detour along shore of Lake Huron, on rock, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3864, 3866. Conotrema urceolatum (Ach.) Tuck. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 11, LP: 3 Keweenaw: Bete Grise Bay, 350 m N of Mendota Canal, along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula, and Acer woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5069.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mts, SW shore of Lake of the Clouds, Populus, Behula and Acer woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Mala- chowski 5531. Cresponea chloroconia (Tuck.) Egea & Torrente - corticolous, on coniferous trees; Wik sbEa 7 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Lane Cove, on eat July 1983, Wetmore 36790 (MIN).—Lake: W of Irons, on Thuja, Sept 1968, Harris 3870 (MIN). Cyphelium lucidum (Th. Fr.) Th. Fr. - old coniferous bark and stumps; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Cyphelium tigillare (Ach.) Ach. - lignicolous; UP: 5, LP: 18. Gratiot: es mi S of Ithaca along Route 27, Maple River flood area, Jan 1977, Malachowski ord: S of Cadillac, fenceposts and scattered trees along disturbed roadside, Jun ODT Pa 19585. Cystocoleus ebeneus (Dillwyn) Thwaites - saxicolous, on shaded siliceous rocks; UP: Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW end of Washington Island, June 1958, Wetmore 2151. *Dactylospora inquilina (Tuck.) Hafellner - lichenicolous, on Pertusaria sp.; UP: I, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). +Dactylospora stygia (Berk. & Curt.) Hafellner - decaying wood; UP: 0, LP: 1. Ingham: MSU, East Lansing, near Michigan Agricultural College, on decorticated wood, Dec 1891, Hicks 161 (det. H. A. Imshaug). Dermatocarpon luridum (With.) J. R. Laundon - saxicolous, on inundated rocks; UP: 20 Baraga: Silver River, 5 mi E of L’Anse, over rocks, Sept 1949, Jmshaug 4476.—Luce: Tahqua- menon Falls State Park, below upper falls, on moist rock, Sept 1966, Harris 1134. Dermatocarpon miniatum (L.) W. Mann - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 7, Dome) Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton Plains, limestone pavement, Oct 1976, Jmshaug 60123.— Iron: Paint River near Crystal Falls, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20821. 172 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Dermatocarpon moulinsii (Mont.) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0 Marquette: N shore of Presque Isle Point, N of Marquette, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5405. Dimelaena oreina (Ach.) Norman - saxicolous, usually on siliceous rocks; UP: 3, Peo Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton seen limestone pavement, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60115,— Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end Mountain Lake, on granite cliff face on steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer, some Pinus, Oct 1976, Vee 3534. Dimerella lutea (Dickson) Trevisan - usually corticolous, on mossy deciduous trees: WIP. OcLPs Keweenaw: Raspberry Island, two ridges with a swamp in center with Sarracenia, Drosera, and sl ee ga Larix in swamp, Abies les: Betula, and some Sorbus americana, crust o mossy cliffs, June 1958, Wetmore 1563.— d: Campside near junction of Anderso ao Little iene River, Populus, yn a woods, May 1977, on. eA Dimerella pineti (Ach.) Vezda - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 8. Clare: 2 mi N of Long Lake, Thuja swamp with Ulmus and Fraxinus, June 1973, Common 3151B.—losco: W of Oscoda, between River Rd and the AuSable River, Thuja swamp near river, May 1971, Common 232B. Diploschistes muscorum (Scop.) R. Sant. - terricolous, on calcareous soils, initially lichenicolous on Cladonia spp.; UP: 3, LP: 4 Clinton: Rose Lake Game Area, SE of junction of Clark and Peacock Rds, old fields, Oct 1971, Harris 7683.—Jackson: Sharonville State Game Area, E of Fishville Rd, dry fields, June 1970, Harris 5952. Diploschistes scruposus (Schreber) Norman - usually saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: wLESS Emmet: Maple River Dam, on log, June 1949, Imshaug 2865.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, hill at W end of Huron Mountains, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4735 Diplotomma alboatrum (Hoffm.) Flotow - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 2 Baraga: along Sturgeon River ca. 0.25 mi N of campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, moist woods, on Ulmus, Sept 1972, Harris 8108.—Newaygo: along roadside, on Quercus alba, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21203 Diplotomma epipolium (Ach.) Arnold - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, EPG Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Diplotomma nivalis (Bagl. & Carestia) Hafellner - saxicolous, on vertical rocks (?initially lichenicolous on Caloplaca or Xanthoria); UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Endocarpon pulvinatum Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, in Rock Harbor, on rock shore and in Picea, Abies, Betula, Populus forest, in water trickle area, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21301; Isle Royale NP, NE tip of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47522 (MIN). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 173 Endocarpon pusillum Hedwig - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 1, LP: 3. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Johns Island, in Washington Harbor, July 1984, Wetmore 51656 (MIN) Ephebe lanata (L.) Vainio - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Saginaw Point, Hae 1980, Wetmore 41372 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 48502 (MIN). Ephebe ocellata Hessen - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, North Government Island, July 1980, ea 41103 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, mouth of McCargo Cove, July 1983, Wetmore 47991 (MIN). Evernia mesomorpha Ny]. - corticolous, usually on coniferous trees; UP: 16, LP: 38 ae eae gene 18 side o Bass Cove, on Thuja, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59892.— sle ale NP, SW point of Brady Cove, in Populus, Betula, Abies forest, on ies June ce eee 6204A Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP: 3, LP: 10 Se Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, on Populus, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59884.— Presque Isle: point near Presque Isle Lighthouse, shore of Lake Huron, on Abies, June 1958, ee PAP Farnoldia jurana (Schaerer) Hertel - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 0. Chippewa, Delta, and Mackinac: on limestone (Harris 1977). Flavocetraria cucullata (Bellardi) Karnefelt & Thell - terricolous, on open, calcar- eous soils; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, rocky point outside of Locke Point, July 1983, Wetmore 47370 (MIN) Flavoparmelia baltimorensis (Gyelnik & Fériss) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: Whales 0 Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Flavoparmelia caperata (L.) Hale - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 14, LP: 40. Shiawassee: along S branch of Looking Glass River, dry hills reforested with Pinus, July 1979, Fruit 20 Flavopunctelia flaventior (Stirton) Hale - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, JL) ea aA Chippewa: along shore of Lake Superior, Bayview Campground, in Acer, Betula, Pinus banksi- ana forest, July 1977, Malachowski 7279A.—Livingston: Brighton, along Conrad Rd, small bog, May 1966, Harris 991. Flavopunctelia soredica (Nyl.) Hale - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 9. Baraga: about 0.25 mi NNE of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus-Populus woods, on Acer rubrum, Sept 1972, Harris 8027.—Barry: E of Otis Lake, Quercus woods, on Quercus, July 1972, Harris 7781. 174 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Fuscopannaria ahlneri (P. M. Jgrg.) P. M. Jorg. - corticolous, on coniferous trees: Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, July 1983, Wetmore 46611 (MIN). Fuscopannaria leucophaea (Vahl) P. M. Jgrg. - saxicolous, on damp rocks; UP: 5, 0) Baraga: Falls River, L’Anse, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5059.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, Fortress, NE of Mountain Lake, Sept 1949, /mshaug 5288. pia dare leucosticta (Tuck.) P. M. Jgrg. - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. araga: 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp E of Sturgeon River Campground, on Thuja, Sept 1972, oe 7976A (MICH). Fuscopannaria praetermissa (Nyl.) P. M. Jorg. - terricolous, on calcareous soils: UP 2. EPs0 Ontonagon: Porcupine Mts, on cliff at summit of escarpment above Lake of the Clouds, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20429. Graphis scripta (L.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 11, LP: 25. Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, S of 1S Stream, on Betula eta Oct 1976, Malachowski 3726.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mo NW shore of e Clouds, Tsuga, Acer, Betula, and Populus woods, on Populus eae Oct 1976, ene S455, Gyalecta jenensis (Batsch) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Keweenaw Point, Copper Harbor, July pe Thomson 3259 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, middle of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47452 (MIN). Gyalecta truncigena (Ach.) Hepp - corticolous, usually on deciduous trees; UP: 5 Baraga: E of Sturgeon River State Forest Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on Fraxinus, Sept 1972, Harris 7961.—Charlevoix: E of Pine Grove State Forest Campground, Thuja swamp, on Thuja, Aug 1972, Harris 7800. Haematomma ochroleucum (Necker) J. R. Laundon - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks, and corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 2. Gogebic: 2 mi SE of Marenisco, on Fraxinus, July 1975, Harris 10050 (MIN).—Oakland: Proud Lake RA, Proud Lake Bog, on Larix, Sept 1975, Harris 10240 (MIN). Heterodermia hypoleuca (Muhl.) Trevisan - corticolous, on coniferous and decid- uous trees: UP: 2. GP 2. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, bluff near Barney Lake, on Thuja, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27740.— Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, S of Mt Stream, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3692. Heterodermia leucomela (L.) Poelt (“H. leucomelos”; “H. leucomelaena”) - on mossy rocks, trees, and soils; UP: 2, L Alger: Au Train Lake, on down Thuja along shore of lake, June 1933, Lowe 2356 (det. R. C. Harris) (MICH).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN ees Heterodermia obscurata (Nyl.) Trevisan - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, 3 Clinton: Quercus woods on § side of Park Lake, on wood, May 1972, Harris 7702.—losco: largo springs area, 18 mi W of Oscoda, Thuja-Betula-Picea swamp, on wood, Sept 1973, Wang 539. Heterodermia speciosa (Wulfen) Trevisan - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 11, LP: Keweenaw: S of Copper Harbor, Estivant pines, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Betula and Acer, on Betula, July 1976, Imshaug 59110; on NE tip of Belle Isle, in Populus, Abies, Betula, Picea woods, on Populus tremuloides, June 1977, Malachowski 6137A Hymenelia epulotica (Ach.) Lutzoni - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 1. Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, conifers, along shore, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59849.—Emmet: Straits of Mackinac, W of Mackinac City, May 1960, Imshaug 25868A Hyperphyscia oe (Flérke) H. Mayrh. & Poelt - corticolous, on deciduous trees Ean Clare: edge of bog, N of Clare, on Carya, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21079.—Tuscola: near Caro, on Populus tremuloides in open, May 1958, Imshaug 21504. Hypocenomyce friesii (Ach.) P. James & Gotth. Schneider - lignicolous on conif- erous trees; UP: 6, LP: 8. Baraga: 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore of Lake Superior, with Pinus banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, on stump, July 1977, Malachowski 6380A.—Keweenaw: 2 km S of Eagle Harbor, hardwoods and conifers, on stump, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5232B. Hypocenomyce scalaris (Ach.) M. Choisy - lignicolous, and corticolous on coniferous trees; UP: 8, LP: 17 Baraga: 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore of Lake Superior pe ae banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, on stump, July 1977, Malachowski 6 Isle Royale NP, along W bank of Siskiwit Creek from Siskiwit Lake to Lake cee ieee in Abies, Picea, Betula, and Thuja, June 1977, Malachowski 5750. Hypogymnia bitteri (Lynge) Ahti - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Tobin Harbor, Hidden Lake, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 49229 (MIN) Hypogymnia physodes (L.) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; WIP oe BS. Cheboygan: on W side of Hebron Mail Rd, N of Levering Rd, ee swamp, on Picea mariana, Sept 1973, Wang 427—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, along W bank of Siskiwit Creek from Siskiwit Lake to Lake Superior, in Abies, Picea, Betula, and Thuja forest, on Betula stump, June 1977, Malachowski 5734A. Hypogymnia tubulosa (Schaerer) Hav. - usually corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP: 9, LP: 4. Baraga: Point Abbays, low lying Pinus ps Betula, Fraxinus, Acer forest with standing water, on Abies, July 1977, Malachowski 6422B.—Keweenaw: on rocky headland of Blueberry Cove, with Abies, Picea, and Populus, on ae gee 1977, Malachowski S910A. 176 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Hypogymnia vittata (Ach.) Parrique - saxicolous, on shaded rocks and terricolous, on open soil; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Hypotrachyna revoluta (Flérke) Hale - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: swamp at end of Hay Bay, on Thuja, June 1958, Wetmore 2537. Icmadophila ericetorum ) Zahlbr. - terricolous, on peat, and corticolous, on decaying wood; UP: 3, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on E half of Belle Isle, in Abies, Populus, Betula, Picea forest, June 1977, Malachowski 6174.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, Conway Bay, shore of Lake Superior, on rotting wood, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5233. *Tllosporum carneum Fr. - lichenicolous, on Peltigera spp.; UP: 0, LP: 1. Crawford: N of Higgins Lake, Sept 1962, Wetmore s.n. (MIN). Imshaugia aleurites (Ach.) S. F. Meyer - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 13, LP Baraga: 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore of ee ese wn iia pee and scattered Acer, Pinus resinosa, and P. divaricata, July 1977, hippewa: along shore of Lake Superior, Bayview Campground, in Acer, Betula, Pie banlsiana: tee on Pinus divaricata, July 1977, Malachowski 7261D. Imshaugia placorodia (Ach.) S. F. Meyer - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 9, LP: 9 Baraga: 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore of Lake Superior with Pinus banksiana and scattered Acer, Pinus resinosa, and P. divaricata, July 1977, Malachowski 6369C.—Chippewa: Bayview Campground, along shore of Lake Superior, in Acer, Betula, Pinus banksiana forest, on Pinus one ata, July 1977, ae 7261C. Ionaspis alba Lutzoni - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 1. Delta, Mecosta (Lutzoni 1994). Ionaspis lacustris (With.) Lutzoni - saxicolous, on inundated siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP 1 Baraga, Cheboygan: (Harris 1977). Ionaspis lavata H. Magn. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Keweenaw Point, Copper Harbor, July 1947, Thomson 2942 (MIN). Japewia tornoensis (Nyl.) Ténsberg - corticolous, on mossy deciduous trees; UP: 1, |B egen 8 Keweenaw (T. Trana, pers. comm.). Julella fallaciosa (Arnold) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 6 Chippewa: Drummond Island, along shore N of Bruce Point, in mixed conifer-hardwoods, mostly Populus, Acer, and Thuja, Oct 1976, Common 4008A.—Leelanau: woods along Bean Creek at Lime Creek Rd, on Ulmus, Apr 1972, Harris 7697. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 1) }Julella lactea (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 2 Chippewa: Drummond Island, along shore N of Bruce Point, in mixed conifer-hardwoods, mostly Populus, Acer, and Thuja, on Fraxinus, Oct 1976, Common 4007E.—Emmet: Wilderness State Park, on Fraxinus (?pennsylvanica) in swamp, Sept 1965, Harris 816. +Kirschsteiniothelia aethiops (Berk. & Curt.) D. Hawksw. (syn. Microthelia micula) - corticolous, on smooth bark of deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 1 Charlevoix: Beaver Island, old apple orchard, on Betula, Aug 1961, /imshaug 27573.—Isabella: N of Mt Pleasant, Woodlot, on Prunus serotina, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21082 Lasallia eee (Ach.) Llano - praco lous: on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Mountain Lake, mostly Acer, some Pinus, steep rocky sia on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, ere 3455, 3456. Lecania cyrtella (Ach.) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1. Cheboygan: 6 mi SE of Mackinaw City, on Populus tremuloides, July 1974, Wang 677. Lecania dubitans (Nyl.) Th. Fr. - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S side of Tonkin Bay, on Populus tremuloides, July 1980, Wetmore 41331 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Point Houghton, on Picea mariana, July 1983, Wetmore 45870 (MIN). Lecania naegelii (Hepp) Diederich & v. d. Boom - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 19 Di ckinson: N end of O’Neil Lake, moist Picea-Betula woods, on Populus balsamifera, Sept 1971, Harris 7466.—Oscoda: between Watson Rd and Union Corners Rd, 7 mi S of Mio, Pinus banksiana- Quercus woods, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1973, Harris 8393A. Lecanora albella (Pers.) Ach. var. albella - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 9, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, at end of Tobin Harbor, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21185 (MIN).—Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, South Manitou Island, 1 mi SW of Ranger Station, on Acer saccha- rum, July 1987, Wetmore 58557 (MIN). Lecanora albella var. rubescens (Imshaug & Brodo) Lumbsch - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 0 Dickinson: road into O’Neil Lake Campground, Pinus banksiana-Populus-Picea woods, on Pinus divaricata, Sept 1971, Harris 7493—Mackinac: Little Brevort Lake, Fagus-Acer forest, June 1975, Imshaug 58596A Lecanora allophana Ny]. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 8, LP: 9. Alpena: 8 mi SW of Alpena, off Devil’s Lake Rd, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang 61.—Antrim: 8 mi W of Mancelona, on Populus tremoloides, Aug 1974, Wang 912. Lecanora argentata (Ach.) Malme - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 2. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Lake Geneserath, on Acer, Aug 1961, fmshaug 27497—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, Union River Falls, on Acer, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20514 178 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Lecanora caesiorubella Ach. subsp. caesiorubella - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 10: LPs Alger: 2 km N of Little Beaver Lake Campground, Abies, Acer, and Betula, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3180.—Keweenaw: NE end of Schlatter Lake, Acer, Betula, and Pinus, on Betula alleghaniensis, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4541. Lecanora caesiorubella subsp. prolifera (Fink) R. C. Harris - corticolous; UP: 0, LP: 1. Roscommon: on Thuja, Sept 1959, Imshaug 25478 (MIN). Lecanora caesiorubella subsp. saximontana Imshaug & Brodo - corticolous; UP: 1, | coat) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW of Saginaw Point, on Pinus banksiana, July 1983, Wetmore 46908 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, W end Chippewa Harbor, on Abies balsamea, July 1983, Wetmore 47046 (MIN) Lecanora carpinea (L.) Vainio - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees: UP 4. EPe0. Marquette: Huron Mountains, N end of Mountain Lake, mostly Acer, some Pinus, steep rocky hillside, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3423.—Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Populus, and Betula woods, on Abies, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5573. Lecanora cateilea (Ach.) A. Massal. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 2, LP: 0. arquette: Huron Mountains, 3 km NW of Howe Lake along Lake Superior shore, Abies ee. Sm Betula, and Acer, on Abies, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3953. Lecanora cenisia Ach. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, on rock, Aug 1972, Thomson 72323 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, SE of Lookout Louise, July 1983, Wetmore 46918 (MIN). Lecanora chlarotera Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP: 7, Mason: Big Sable Point near Ludington, between Lake Michigan and Hamlin Lake, forested dunes, on Quercus, June 1957, Imshaug 19702.—Presque Isle: Lake Huron, Presque Isle Point, bet n North Bay and Presque Isle Harbor, low, unstable dune, on dead Picea, June 1958, ee 22157. Lecanora chlorophaeodes Nyl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Lecanora cinereofusca H. Magn. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 2. Chippewa: Lower Tahquamenon Falls, Fagus-Acer forest, Aug 1957, Jmshaug 19928. Lecanora circumborealis Brodo & Vitik - corticolous, on deciduous and conifer- ous trees: UP: 4. 1.P: 2 Houghton: along Lake Superior near Calumnet, forested sand dunes, on Quercus, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20858.—Luce: along Lake Superior, near Deer Park, Betula trees on low sand dunes, on Betula, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20334. Lecanora conizaeoides Nyl. ex Crombie - corticolous, on deciduous and conifer- ous irees; UP2i. LP: 0 Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999), 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 179 Lecanora crenulata Hook. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Lecanora dispersa (Pers.) Sommerf. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 4, LP: 7. Ingham: MSU campus, East Lansing, grassy field between Plant Biology and railroad tracks, June 1974, Harris 8705.—Presque Isle: Ocqueoc Falls, NE of Onaway, July 1974, Harris 9066. Lecanora expallens Ach. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 4, ekg Mason: Big Sable Point, Ludington, between Lake Michigan and Hamlin Lake, forested dunes, on Quercus, June 1957, Imshaug 19696.—Schoolcraft: National Forest, Munising, 1.9 mi N of S boundary of Nat. Forest between Manistique and Munising, on Quercus, Aug 1957, Imshaug 0156 Lecanora fuscescens (Sommerf.) Nyl. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Lecanora garovaglii (K6rber) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Lecanora glabrata (Ach.) Malme - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 4. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Lake Geneserath, on Acer, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27506.—Mackinac: N of Hessel, hardwoods, on Fagus, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3937. Lecanora hagenii (Ach.) Ach. - corticolous; UP: 4, LP: 1. oe between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, Oct 1971, Harris 7670.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Point Houghton, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 45815 (MIN). Lecanora hybocarpa (Tuck.) Brodo - corticolous; UP: 4, LP: 6. Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Platte Point, on Quercus rubra, June 1987, Wetmore 58081 (MIN).— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, N of Robinson Bay, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 49746 (MIN). Lecanora impudens Degel. - corticolous, on deciduous trees;.UP: 6, LP: 11. Keweenaw: Wilderness Rd S of Copper Harbor, swamp with dead Thuja trees and Typha, July 1976, ee 58897.—Newaygo: along roadside, on Quercus alba, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21200. Lecanora imshaugii Brodo - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 2. Mackinac: Bois Blanc Island, on Acer saccharum, Aug 1945, Wagner 466 (MIN). Lecanora intricata (Ach.) Ach. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, E of Three-Mile Campground, July 1983, Wetmore 47263 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, W End of Minong Ridge Trail, July 1984, eae 52425 (MIN). Lecanora meridionalis H. Magn. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 3, LP: 5. Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Little Platte Lake, on Pinus strobus, June 1987, Wetmore 8027 N).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, South Government Island, on Thuja, July 1984 Wetmore 53257 (MIN). 180 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Lecanora muralis (Schreber) Rabenh. - saxicolous, on siliceous and calcareous rocks PG: PA: Chippewa: Drummond Island, Bruce Point, along shore in mixed conifer-hardwoods, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60021; Drummond Island, Maxton Plains, limestone pavement, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60130. Lecanora opiniconensis Brodo - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, E of Three-Mile Campground, July 1983, Wetmore 47222 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Amygdaloid Island, July 1984, Wetmore 5155] (MIN). Lecanora piniperda K6rber - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 3. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, inside Chippewa Harbor, on Betula log, July 1983, Wetmore 47123 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, 1 mi S of Huginnin Cove, on Thuja snag, July 1984, Wetmore 52801 (MIN). Lecanora polytropa (Hoffm.) Rabenh. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 9, LP: 8. Alger: NE of Kingston Lake, open fields, Sept 1970, Harris 6013.—Chippewa: Sugar Island, shore of Duck Lake, July 1967, Harris 3688. Lecanora pseudistera Nyl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Alger (Harris 1977). Lecanora pulicaris (Pers.) Ach. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 11, LP: 12. Leelanau: near Houdek Creek at N end of Lake Leelanau, Thuja bog, on Abies, June 1957, hee 19544.—Schoolcraft: between Manistique and Munising, open woods of Pinus banksiana h Quercus, on Pinus divaricata, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20165, Lecanora rugosella Zahlbr. - corticolous; UP: 10, LP: 12. Mackinac: NW of Cedarville, conifer woods, on Abies, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3693.—Marquette: W side of the Huron Mountains, near Cliff Lake, on Acer, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4320. Lecanora rupicola (L.) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Eagle River, Cliff Mine, Aug 1972, or 20918 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, mouth of McCargo Cove, July 1983, Wetmore 48024 (MIN). Lecanora saligna (Schrader) Zahlbr. - lignicolous; UP: 2, LP: 4. Ingham: MSU Campus, SW corner of Baker Woodlot, on Cephalanthus in pond, Feb 1974, Harris 8618.—Jackson: Sharonville State Game Area, E of Fishville Rd, dry fields, on old wood, June 1970, Harris 5949. Lecanora sambuci (Pers.) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, LP: 28. Alpena: 8 mi SW of Alpena, off Devil’s Lake Rd, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang 962.—Cheboygan: 6 mi SE of Mackinaw City, on Populus tremuloides, July 1974, Wang 678. Lecanora strobilina (Sprengel) Kieffer - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees: -UPo4. LPs Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Capt. Kidd Island, July 1959, Wetmore 4701 (MIN).—Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, South aa Island, 1 mi SW of Ranger Station, on Populus tremu- loides, July 1987, Wetmore 58536 (MIN Lecanora subrugosa Nyl. - corticolous; UP: 5, LP: 2. Gogebic: Lake Gogebic, mixed hardwoods-conifer forest, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20560.—Oscoda: along E branch of Big Creek, downstream from Mapes Rd, on Thuja, Sept 1973, Harris 8282. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 181 Lecanora symmicta (Ach.) Ach. - lignicolous and corticolous; UP: 12, LP: 30. Alger: 1 km E of Hurricane River Campground along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula Seer Acer pe ee wood, on Abies, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2676.—Marquette: Hu- n Mountains, 3 km of Howe Lake along Lake Superior shore, Betula alleghaniensis, Abies es Tsuga, ee ee woods, on Betula alleghaniensis, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3962. Lecanora thysanophora R. C. Harris — corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP:7, LP:8 Marquette: Huron Mountains, Mt. Ida, west side of Lake Ann, Acer, Betula, Pinus, and Thuja woodland, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4128.—Ontonagon: Misery Bay, near mouth of Little Misery River, hardwoods and conifers, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5386. Lecanora varia (Hoffm.) Ach. - lignicolous and corticolous, on deciduous trees; Charlevoix: Lake Charlevoix, 1923, Darlington 234. Lecanora wisconsinensis H. Magn. - corticolous; UP: 8, LP: 5. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, North End Bay, on Populus, Aug 1961, Jmshaug 27530.—Leelanau: near Houdek Creek at N end of Lake Leelanau, Thuja bog, on Larix, June 1957, Imshaug 19518. Lecidea albofuscescens Nyl. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. enaw: Isle Saag NP, South Government Island, on base of Abies balsamea, July 1980, a 41026 (MIN). Lecidea atrobrunnea (Ramond ex Lam. & DC.) Schaerer. - saxicolous, on sili- ceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21291 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 4850] (MIN). Lecidea carnulenta (Tuck.) Fink. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Lecidea cyrtidia Tuck. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks and pebbles; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Lecidea erythrophaea Vainio - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 4. Cheboygan: in gorge of Carp Creek, Univ. of Mich. Biological Station W of Pellston, moist woods, on Acer saccharum, July 1967, Harris 3654.—Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, on Fraxinus, Oct 1968, Harris 3916. Lecidea fuscoatra (L.) Ach. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21165 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, E of Three-Mile Campground, July 1983, Wetmore 47253 (MIN). Lecidea lapicida (Ach.) Ach. var. lapicida - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, Eee Gogebic: Porcupine Mts, 1923, Darlington s.n. Lecidea lapicida var. pantherina Ach. (syn. L. lapicida p.p., L. lactea) - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). 182 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Lecidea lithophila (Ach.) Ach. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Lecidea lurida (Ach.) DC. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Lecidea nylanderi (Anzi) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 2, LP: 3. Dickinson: road into O’Neil Lake Campground, Picea-Pinus banksiana-Populus woods, on Pinus divaricata, Sept 1971, Harris 7547.—Oscoda: near Wagner Lake, about 7 mi § of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, on Pinus divaricata, Sept 1973, Harris 8196. Lecidea plana (J. Lahm) Ny]. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Alger: NE of Kingston Lake, Sept 1970, ita 6042 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S side of Tonkin Bay, July 1980, Wetmore 41327 (MIN). Lecidea plebeja Nyl. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 4, LP: 0. Alger: open fields NE of Kingston Lake, on stump, Sept 1970, Harris 6038.—Dickinson: road into O’Neil Lake Campground, Pinus banksiana-Populus-Picea woods, on stump, Sept 1971, Harris 7486. Lecidea tessellata Florke - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Keweenaw Point, E end of Agate Harbor, July 1947, Thomson 3341 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, July 1983, Wetmore 46717 (MIN) Lecidella asema (Nyl.) Knoph & Hertel - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Saginaw Point, July 1980, Wetmore 41373 (MIN). Lecidella carpathica Kérber - saxicolous, on calcareous and siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP Keweenaw: Eagle River, Cliff Mine, Aug ae Wetmore 20882 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, SW of Saginaw Point, July 1983, Wetmore 46941 (MIN Lecidella elaeochroma (Ach.) M. Choisy - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Lane Cove, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 46774 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, little NE Point of Todd Harbor, on Thuja, July 1984, Wetmore 53147 (MIN). Lecidella euphorea (Flérke) Hertel - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 1. Baraga: about 0.25 mi N of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Populus woods, on Populus grandidentata, Sept 1972, Harris 8157.—Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Good Harbor Bay, Good Harbour CR, on Populus balsamifera, July 1987, Wetmore 58660 (MIN). Lecidella patavina (A. Massal.) Knoph & Leuckert - saxicolous, on calcareous and siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle oe NP, S side of Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Nash 5643 (ASU) (Knoph & Leuckert 199 Lecidella stigmatea (Ach.) Hertel & Leuckert - saxicolous, on calcareous and siliceous rocks; UP: Cheboygan: around Vincent Lake, Quercus-Populus woods, June 1967, Harris 3627.—Mackinac: W of Hessel on Michigan Hwy 134, Lake Huron shore, Sept 1966, Harris 1083A. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 183 Lepraria caesioalba (de Lesd.) J. R. Laundon - saxicolous, on exposed siliceous rocks; UP: 4, LP: 8 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Daisy Farm Trail to Greenstone, June 1965, Erbisch 1246 (MIN); 5 mi SSE of Copper Harbor, July 1968, Erbisch 2570 (MIN). Lepraria eburnea J. R. Laundon - shaded, mossy rocks, trees, and soil; UP: 2, LP: 4. Chippewa: Detour State Park, moist conifer woods, on Thuja, Aug 1974, Harris 9479 (MICH).— Oscoda: Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi S of Mio, on soil bank in shade, May 1975, Harris, 9826. Lepraria incana (L.) Ach. - saxicolous, on shaded siliceous rocks, and corticolous; UP: 0) Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Lepraria lobificans Ny]. - saxicolous, on shaded siliceous rocks, and corticolous; Wik eee as Clinton: Thuja swamp S of Stoll Rd, N of Potter Lake, on rotten stump, Nov 1973, Harris 8484,—Ingham: MSU campus, East Lansing, Baker Woodlot, near middle of Baker natural area, on Acer saccharum, Nov 1973, Harris 8611. Lepraria neglecta (Nyl.) Erichsen - saxicolous, on exposed siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0 Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton Plains, in crack on dolostone pavement, May 1981, Marr 872 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, E of Three-Mile Campground, July 1983, Wetmore 47247 (MIN). Leproloma membranaceum (Dickson) Vainio - on shaded siliceous rocks and trees; UP: 2, LP: 1 Ontanagon: Porcupine Mts, on Tsuga, 1922, Darlington s.n. Leproloma vouauxii (Hue) J. R. Laundon - saxicolous, on shaded calcareous and siliceous rocks, and corticolous; UP: Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Leptogium arsenei Sierk. - saxicolous, on mossy rocks, and corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, New Feldtman Tower, N slope, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 48586 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49581 (MIN Leptogium burnetiae C. W. Dodge - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 0. soa ae Sturgeon oe about 0.25 mi N of campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, moist woods, us, Sept 1972, 8109.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Wallace Lake, on Populus ee July 1983, dled 47609 (MIN). Leptogium corticola (Taylor) Tuck. - on trees and logs; UP: 1, LP: 3. Cheboygan: gorge of Carp Creek, with Porella, Neckera, on bark of fallen tree, July 1967, Engel 903.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, New Feldtman Tower, S slope, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wetmore 48719 (MIN). Leptogium cyanescens (Rabenh.) Kérber - corticolous, on mossy trees; UP: 12, LP: 8 Marquette: Huron Mountains, “Flat Rock,” along Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula, scattered Pinus strobus, on Thuja, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3837.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Moun- tains, NW shore of Lake of the Clouds, Tsuga, Acer, Betula, and Populus woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5444. 184 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Leptogium gelatinosum (With.) J. R. Laundon - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 1, Lee0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, July 1983, Wetmore 46720B (MIN). a lichenoides (L.) Zahlbr. - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 5, LP: 5. Ch a: W of Detour, shore of Lake Huron, on rock, Aug 1949, Imshaug 4065.—Mackinac: E of erie shore of Lake Huron, on rock, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3969. Leptogium milligranum Sierk. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, S of Mt Stream, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3694B Leptogium plicatile (Ach.) Leighton - saxicolous, on semi-inundated rocks: UP: 1, P.O Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Leptogium pseudofurfuraceum P. M. Jorg. (syn. L. furfuraceum) - saxicolous, on mossy rocks, and corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 eenaw: Isle Royale NP, S shore of Grace Harbor, on Populus tremuloides, July 1984, Wet- more beak (MIN); Isle Baer NP, SE of Grace Creek Bog, on fallen Populus tremuloides, July 1984, Wetmore 52126 (M Leptogium saturninum (Dickson) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, LE. Dickinson: NNW of Ralph, Acer woods S of McGregor Creek, on Acer saccharum, Sept 1971, Harris 7586.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW point of Brady Cove, in Populus, Betula, Abies forest, on Populus tremuloides, June 1977, Malachowski 6208A. Leptogium tenuissimum (Dickson) Kérber - on mossy calcareous soils and trees; |B arc ra GF Se Cheboygan: The Gorge, on U/mus, July 1949, Imshaug 3142; W end of Reese’s Bog, near shore of Burt Lake, on Thuja, July 1949, Imshaug 3183. Leptorhaphis atomaria (Ach.) Szat. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 4, LP: 2. losco: around Corsair State Forest owed ss ound, Pinus ae ae Populus woods, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1965, Harris 820.—Iron: junction County Rd 657 and USF Hwy 139, in Pinus banksiana-Populus woods, on Populus oe Ae Sept 1965, ee TD ke }Leptorhaphis contorta Degel. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, LP: 10. Dickinson: road into O’Neil Lake oe Pinus banksiana-Populus-Picea woods, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1971, Harris 7474.—Iron: junction County Rd 657 and USF Hwy 139, in Pinus banksiana-Populus woods, on Populus Genes Sept 1965, Harris 719. }Leptorhaphis epidermidis (Ach.) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, | tase Alger: N of Kingston Lake, open fields and woods, on Betula papyrifera, Sept 1965, Harris 626.—Ontanagon: Porcupine Mountains, just E of parking lot, Lake of the Clouds, in woods, on Betula papyrifera, Sept 1965, Harris 688. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 185 +Leptorhaphis parmeca (A. Massal.) K6rber - corticolous, on deciduous trees; ORS ER 3 Alger: N of Kingston Lake, in open fields and woods, on Prunus, Sept 1965, Harris 623.— Roscommon: 6 mi S of Prudenville, on Populus tremuloides, July 1974, Wang 782. Lichinella nigritella (Lettau) Moreno & Egea - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21362B (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Net Island, NE of Amygdaloid Island, July 1984, Wetmore 51446 (MIN). Lithothelium hyalosporum (Nyl.) Aptroot - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 9, cult Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on Betula alleghaniensis, Sept 1972, Harris 7991.—Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, on Betula lutea, Oct 1968, Harris 3928. Lithothelium macrosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 3. Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus americana, Oct 1968, Harris 3927B. Lithothelium phaeosporum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot - corticolous, on deciduous imees: WiPa3 Ver. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on Fraxinus, Sept 1972, Harris 7986.—Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus- Thuja swamp, on dead Ulmus americana, Oct 1968, Harris 3927A. Lithothelium septemseptatum (R. C. Harris) Aptroot - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 9 Cass: Russ Forest, 7 mi S of Decatur, moist woods, on Acer, May 1970, Harris 5879C.—Delta: NW of Isabella, on USFS 2231, 1.8 mi W of USFS 2226, swamp, on Fraxinus, Sept 1969, Harris 4257 Lobaria pulmonaria (L.) Hoffm. - corticolous, on mossy deciduous trees; UP: 13, Jee ig} Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, on Populus, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59897.— Keweenaw: Wilderness Rd (Mandam Rd), S of Copper Harbor, mixed hardwood-conifer forest, on Acer, July 1976, Imshaug 58886. Lobaria quercizans Michaux - corticolous, on mossy deciduous trees; UP: 13, LP: 16. Chippewa: Drummond Island, S of Beaver Pond, Fagus-Acer forest, on Acer, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59918.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, E of Hay Bay Campground, in Abies, Betula, Taxus, Populus forest, June 1977, Malachowski 5856H. Lobaria scrobiculata (Scop.) DC. - corticolous and saxicolous, on mossy decidu- ous trees and rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Wilderness Rd (Mandam Rd), S of Copper Harbor, swamp with dead Thuja trees and Typha, July 1976, Imshaug 58902; Isle Royale NP, along Siskiwit Falls River from Siskiwit Lake to Malone Bay, over rock, June 1958, Wetmore 2400. 186 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Lobothallia alphoplaca (Wahlenb.) Hafellner - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; |p segs ey BE ©) Keweenaw: Keweenaw Point, near Hebard Park, July 1947, Thomson 3329 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 48491 (MIN). — disciforme (Flotow) Kullh. - corticolous, on mossy trees; UP: 7, LP: 1. eweenaw: High Rock Bay, Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula, and Pinus strobus, an Oct 1976, Malachowski 4634, Isle Royale NP, Brady Cove, on SW point of Brady Cove, in Populus, Betula, Abies forest, on Thuja, June 1977, Molachouse 6206C Loxospora cismonica (Beltr.) Hafellner- corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 3, P 1 Ontonagon: S of Rockland, between Mich Hwy 45 and E. branch of Ontonagon River, Sept 1964, Harris s.n. Loxospora elatina (Ach.) A. Massal. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees? UP) 11. LPs4. Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, on Thuja, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59896.— Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, S of Mt Stream, on Tsuga, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3613. Loxospora ochrophaea (Tuck.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on coniferous trees; Cheboygan: Reese’s Bog, along Burt Lake, on Thuja, June 1974, Harris 8737.—Oscoda: down- stream from Mapes Rd (County Rd 487) along E branch of Big Creek, Thuja-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1973, Harris 8300. Loxospora pustulata (Brodo & Culb.) R. C. Harris - corticolous; UP: 5, LP: 2. Leelanau: ae Bear Dunes NL, N end of North Bar Lake, on Fraxinus nigra, July 1987, Wetmore 58141 (MIN).—Marquette: Huron Mountains, along Lake Su shore, “Flat Rock,” Abies balsamea, ee scattered Pinus strobus, on Thuja, Oct 1976, vee ski 3851 Massalongia carnosa (Dickson) KGrber - damp, mossy rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: hill at W end of Huron Mountains, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4705 (MICH) (det. P. M. Jérgensen) Megalaria laureri (Th. Fr.) Hafellner - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 0. Luce: Upper Tahquamenon Falls, in Fagus-Acer forest, on Acer, Aug 1957, Imshaug 19889.— Mackinac: in harwood forests N of Hessel, on Fagus, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3931. Megalospora porphyritis (Tuck.) R. C. Harris - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 1. Delta: Charboneau Point, on Thuja, Sept 1976, Harris 11782 (MIN). Megaspora verrucosa (Ach.) Hafellner & V. Wirth - terricolous, on calcareous soils, and corticolous, on decidous trees; UP: 3, LP: 1 Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, S shore of Glen Lake, on Acer saccharum, July 1987, Wetmore 58197 (MIN).—Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Populus, and Betula woods, on Populus tremuloides, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5556. Melanelia albertana (Ahti) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Cheboygan: on Populus (Harris 1977). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 187 Melanelia disjuncta (Erichsen) Essl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: along shore of Blakes Point, in Thuja, Abies, Betula forest, on rock, June 1977, Malachowski 6031C.—Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Mountain Lake, steep rocky hill- side with mostly Acer, some Pinus, on cae cliff face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3496. Melanelia elegantula (Zahlbr.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountains, Fortress, NE of Mountain Lake, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5318 (MICH). Melanelia exasperata (De Not.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 1. arquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Mountain Lake, mostly Acer, some Pinus, on steep rocky Bae on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3393—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, along summit of escarpment above Lake of the Clouds, on Quercus, Sept 1957, See 20440. Melanelia exasperatula (Nyl.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 3. Keweenaw: Eagle Harbor, 2 km S of Eagle Harbor, hardwoods and conifers, on Populus tremu- loides, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5302; Isle Royale NP, on NE tip of Belle Isle, Populus, Abies, Betula, Picea woods, on Populus tremuloides, June 1977, Malachowski 6144A. Melanelia fuliginosa (Fr. ex Duby) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, and saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 5, LP: 3 Charlevoix: Beaver Island, cae Tomb, on Acer, Aug 1961, Jmshaug 27471].—Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Moun Lake, steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer, some Pinus, on granite cliff a3 Oct 1976, Valais 3495, Melanelia hepatizon (Ach.) Thell - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, at Jackpine Point about halfway down bay on N side between Conglomerate Bay and Tonkin Bay, on rock, July 1959, Wetmore 4288; Isle Royale NP, rock cliffs back from shore on main island across from Clay Island, in bay S of Robinson Bay, on rock cliffs, July 1959, Wetmore 4540. Melanelia infumata (Nyl.) Essl. - saxicolous, on calcareous and siliceous rocks; l, Keweenaw: Isle Blas NP, at SW end of Washington Island, on rock, June 1958, Wetmore 2134; Isle Royale NP, on main island across from Clay Island, in bay S of Robinson Bay, on rock, July 1959, Ween 4529. Melanelia olivacea (L.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 12, LP: 3. Baraga: Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on Acer rubrum, Sept 1972, Harris 8118.—Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, July 197 Imshaug 58986. Melanelia panniformis ne Essl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Moun end of Mountain Lake, steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer and some Pinus, on eae Ae face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3513. Melanelia septentrionalis (Lynge) Essl. - corticolous; UP: 13, LP: 5. Cheboygan: N side of Potter Rd, N of Dingman Marsh flooding, 5 mi SE of Mackinac va Thuja swamp, on dying Thuja, June 1973, Wang 177.—Keweenaw: N end of Deer Lake, Abies, July ioe Imshaug 58817. 188 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Melanelia sorediata (Ach.) Goward & Ahti - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 8, a Baraga: 0.5 mi N of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, in Populus woods, Sept 1972, Harris 8150B.—Keweenaw: High Rock Bay along Lake Superior shore, on rock, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4766 Melanelia subargentifera (Nyl.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 1. Marquette: Huron Mts, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, S$ of Mt Stream, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3633.—Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Populus, and Betula woods, on Populus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5548. Melanelia subaurifera (Nyl.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 15, LP: 44. Alger: 500 m S of Twelve-Mile Beach Campground, Pinus iets) Pinus banksiana, Abies balsamea, and Betula, on Betula papyrifera, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2740.—Baraga: Point A bays, low lying Pinus strobus, Betula, Fraxinus, Acer forest with standing water, on Fraxinus, July 1977, Malachowski 6419D. Melanelia subolivacea (Nyl.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 1. seca Pictured Rocks NL, | mi NE of Twelve-Mile Beach Campground, on Acer saccharum, July 1987, Wetmore 59009 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Eagle River, Cliff Mine, on Quercus, Aug 1972, ee e 20925 (MIN). Melanelia tominii ee Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, and saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. meus Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, open exposed area on S side of Davidson Island, k, Aug 1972, Nash 5631; Isle Royale NP, Lake Superior side of Mott Island, June 1957, Wetmore Z50C, Melanelia trabeculata, (Ahti) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, woods on NE tip of Belle Isle, in Populus, Abies, Betula, Picea woods, on Populus tremuloides, June 1977, Malachowski ae Isle Royale NP, N of Robinson Bay, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wetmore 49732 (MIN). Melaspilea arthonioides (Fée) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL (Wetmore 1997). Melaspilea deformis, (Schaerer) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1. Alpena: 8 mi SW of Alpena, off Devil’s Lake road, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang 964. Menegazzia terebrata (Hoffm.) A. Massal. - corticolous; UP: 7, LP: 5. Cheboygan: S side of Hebron Mail Rd, 1 mi N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, on dead limb of Thuja, June 1973, Wang 262.—Dickinson: at S end of O’Neil Lake, Thuja-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1971, Harris 7415. Micarea bauschiana (Koérber) V. Wirth & Vezda - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: WP. 0,12 Emmet: non-calcareous rocks (Harris 1977). Micarea denigrata (Fr.) Hedl. - corticolous and lignicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, 0.5 mi SSW of Miners Castle Point, on Acer, July 1987, Wetmore 59588 (MIN) 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 189 Micarea endocyanea (Tuck. ex Willey) R. C. Harris - on rotting wood and conifer bark; UP: 1, LP: 2 Cheboygan and Presque Isle: on rotting wood and conifer bark (Harris 1977). Micarea erratica (KGrber) Hertel, Rambold & Pietschmann - saxicolous, on sili- ceous rocks; UP: 5, LP: 11. Oscoda: near Wagner Lake, about 7 mi S of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8207, 8258. Micarea lignaria (Ach. ) Hedl. - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Dow Wilderness Area, on Abies, Sept 1976, Erbisch 4440 (MIN). Micarea melaena (Nyl.) Hedl. - on decaying wood; UP: 7, LP: 2. Cheboygan: S of Hebron Mail Rd, 2 mi N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, on burned stump, Sept 1973, Wang 361.—Delta: near Camp 7 Lake NW of Isabella, Pinus banksiana woods, on burnt stump, Sept 1969, Harris 4047. Micarea melanobola (Nyl!.) Coppins - on old wood; UP: 1, LP: 0. Mackinac: along Crow Lake Trail, ca. 2.5 mi from Big Knob Campground, Pinus banksiana- Populus woods, on stump, May 1977, Harris 12428 (MICH). Micarea misella (Nyl.) Hedl. - on decaying wood; UP: 0, LP: I. Cheboygan: on wood (Harris 1977). Micarea peliocarpa (Anzi) Coppins & R. Sant. - corticolous and lignicolous; UP: 4, Ras Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Middle Point SE of Washington Island, on Thuja log, July 1984, Wetmore 51730 (MIN).—Roscommon: in Thuja swamp, Sept 1959, Imshaug 25498. Micarea prasina Fr. - usually corticolous on mossy trees, or terricolous; UP: 2, LP: 6. Oscoda: E. branch of Big Creek from Mapes Rd, Thuja-Picea swamp, on conifer bark, Sept 1973, Harris 8284.—Presque Isle: near Shoepac Lake, Pinus banksiana woods, on sandy soil near mosses, July 1967, Harris 3682. +Microcalicium ahlneri Tibell - ignicolous; UP: 1, LP: 1. Cheboygan: 7 mi W of Cheboygan, on stump, Aug 1977, Wetmore 29785 (MIN). +Microcalicium disseminatum (Ach.) Vainio - lignicolous, and lichenicolous on Chaenotheca spp.; UP: 2, LP Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, Munising, Sand Point, July 1987, Wetmore 59665 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Spruce Point, on Picea mariana snag, July 1983, Wetmore 49043 (MIN). Mycobilimbia berengeriana (A. Massal.) Hafellner & V. Wirth - on mossy calcar- eous rocks, trees, and soil; UP: 6, LP: 7. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on Thuja, Sept 1972, Harris 985.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, along summit of escarpment above Lake of the Clouds, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20443. Mycobilimbia hypnorum (Lib.) Kalb & Hafellner - on mossy calcareous rocks, soil, and trees; UP: 8, LP Baraga: swamp E of Sturgeon River Campground about 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on rotten log, Sept 1972, Harris 7955—Newaygo: Dudgeon swamp, S of 1 mi Rd ENE of White Cloud, on mosses at base of Thuja, Oct 1972, Harris S169. 190 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Mycobilimbia tetramera me Not.) W. Brunnbauer - on mossy calcareous rocks and soul; UP: 22P: 0 Keweenaw: Estivant Pines, ' of Copper Harbor, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Betula and Acer, July 1976, Imshaug 59109.—Marquette: N shore of Presque Isle Point, N of Marquette, Sept 1949, mshaug S408. Mycoblastus affinis (Schaerer) Schauer - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees: WiPe Ta TsP20 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Mycoblastus sanguinarius (L.) Norman - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees: UP 11. LP: i Baraga: 3 km WSW of mouth of Huron River, Abies, Betula, and Pinus forest, on Acer, July 1977; Matic howski 6390C.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S side of Chippewa Harbor ca. 1.5 km SW of harbor mouth, Thuja, Betula and Abies forest, on Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 5934C, Mycocalicium albonigrum (Nyl.) Fink - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Feldtman Ridge, on fallen Betula alleghaniensis, July 1959, Wetmore 4881 B (MIN). *Mycocalicium subtile (Pers.) Szat. - lignicolous or corticolous; UP: 7, LP: 7. Clare: NE corner, Thuja bog with Abies, Tsuga, Betula, and Larix (few Pinus strobus), May 1959, Erbisch 134.—losco: largo Springs, AuSable River, NW of Tawas City, on lignum, May 1969, Harris 4022. +Mycoglaena myricae (Nyl.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on Myrica gale; UP: 3, LP: 0. Alger: N end of Kingston Lake, on Myrica, Sept 1973, Harris 6034.—Keweenaw: SE of Lac La Belle, scattered Picea in bog, July 1976, Imshaug 58770C. Mycoporum compositum (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP? LP: 2. Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, on Acer rubrum, Apr 1969, Harris 3974.—Cheboygan: along Carp Creek between Hogsback Rd and Burt Lake, wet hardwoods, on Acer saccharum, Aug 1974, Harris 9357. Myelochroa aurulenta (Tuck.) Elix & Hale - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 12, EP 19; Alger: 100 m SW of Little Beaver Lake, Betula alleghaniensis, Acer, Fagus, and Tsuga, on Fagus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2989.—Chippewa: Drummond Island, S of Beaver Pond, Fagus-Acer forest, on Acer, Oct 1976, linshaug 59972. Myelochroa galbina (Ach.) Elix & Hale - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 12, WPE6 Baraga: 3 km WSW of mouth of Huron River, Abies, Betula, Pinus forest, on Acer, July 1977, Malachowski 6388B.—Chippewa: Tahqua on River, | km W of the mouth of the Tahquamenon River, Abies, Picea, Larix, Acer, Betula, aie ae on Acer, July 1977, Malachowski 7255B. Myelochroa obsessa (Ach.) Elix & Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Western Upper Peninsula (Harris 1977). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 191 +Naetrocymbe fraxini (A. Massal.) R. C. Harris (syn. Arthopyrenia fraxini) - cor- ticolous, on smooth bark of deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Lake Medora, Thompson 3212 (WIS) (Harris 1973). +Naetrocymbe punctiformis (Ach.) R. C. Harris (syn. Arthopyrenia punctiformis) - corticolous, on smooth bark of deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 1 Alger: in woods E of Kingston Lake and small Chamaedaphne calyculata bog, on Acer rubrum, Sept 1965, Harris 661.—Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Fox Lake, on Quercus, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27485. Nephroma bellum (Sprengel) Tuck. - corticolous and saxicolous, on mossy rocks; UEsG R22 Cheboygan: W end of Reese’s Bog, N shore of Burt Lake, on Thuja, July 1949, Imshaug 3153.— Keweenaw: Estivant Pines S of Copper Harbor, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Betula and Acer, on Acer, July 1976, Imshaug 59103. Nephroma helveticum Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, and saxicolous, on mossy rocks; UP: 6, LP: 0. Baraga: ca. 0.25 mi NNE os eee River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on lo Sept 1972, Harris 5000.— w: Estivant Pines, S of Copper Harbor, virgin stand Be ee strobus with Betula and fi on ae July 1976, Imshaug 59101. Nephroma parile (Ach.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, and saxicolous, on mossy rocks; UP: 7, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on E half of Belle Isle, aan Populus, Betula, Picea forest, on rock, June 1977, Malachowski 6151.—Marquette: Huron untain, N end of Mountain Lake, on steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer, some Pinus, on eae cliff face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3468. Nephroma resupinatum (L.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, and saxi- colous, on mossy rocks; UP: 4, LP: 0 Keweenaw: 11 km NW of S Point, Abies, Acer, and Betula woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Mala- chowski 5148A.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, Middle Falls, Salmon-Trout River, Pinus, Betula, and Tsuga, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4392B. *Nesolechia oxyspora (Tul.) A. Massal. - lichenicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, (Wetmore 1997). Normandina pulchella (Borrer) Nyl. - corticolous, on mossy deciduous trees; UP: 3, eRe Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 48495 (MIN). Ochrolechia androgyna (Hoffm.) Arnold - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, E of Rainbow Cove, on Thuja, July 1984, Wetmore 51915 (MIN). Ochrolechia arborea (Kreyer) Almb. - corticolous; UP: 11, LP: 24. Alger: 100 m E of entrance to Twelve-Mile Beach Campground, along Route 58, Pinus strobus and Pinus banksiana with a very few Acer, on Pinus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 28/1 B.—Marquette: Huron Mounta 3 km NE of Howe Lake along Lake cee shore, on ISI aek Oct 1976, Vera 4035. 192 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Ochrolechia mexicana Vainio - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 0. Dickinson: NE of O’Neil Lake Ra canta swamp, on Populus, Sept 1971, Harris 7648.— Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin, cs shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Populus, and Betula woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Sane 5564 Ochrolechia pseudopallescens Brodo - corticolous; UP: 7, LP: 5 Chippewa: SW of Dick State Forest Campground, woods, on Pinus divaricata, Sept 1966, Harris 1151B.—Dickinson: S of road into O’Neil Lake Campground, Thuja-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1971, Harris 7514. Ochrolechia trochophora (Vainio) Oshio var. trochophora - corticolous; UP: 9, ae) Keweenaw: Estivant pines, S of Copper Harbor, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Betula and Acer, on Acer, July 1976, Imshaug 59120.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, “Flat Rock,” along Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula, scattered Pinus strobus, on Thuja, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3849, Ochrolechia trochophora var. pruinirosella Brodo - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP ok losco: largo Springs on the AuSable River, NE of Tawas City, on Benula ee May 1969, Harris 4017 —Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, on Acer, July 1976, Imshaug 58975, Opegrapha niveoatra (Borrer) J. R. Laundon - corticolous; UP: 4, LP: 0. Delta: Charboneau Point, on Thuja, Sept 1976, Harris 11783 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, bay N of Stockly Bay, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 49815 (MIN). Opegrapha prosodea Ach. - corticolous, on rough bark of old trees; UP: 2, LP: 1. ue Isle: point near Presque Isle Lighthouse, shore of Lake Huron, on Thuja, June 1958, Imshaug 22132 Opegrapha varia Pers. - corticolous; UP: 5, LP: 7. Cheboygan: W side of Hebron Mail Rd, N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1973, Wang 447.—Newaygo: on Quercus alba, Apr 1958, lmshaug 21199A, Opegrapha viridis (Pers. ex Ach.) Behlen & Desberger - corticolous, on decidu- ous trees: UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Pachyphiale fagicola (Hepp) Zwackh. - corticolous; UP: 7, LP: 7. Chippewa: Drummond Island, along shore N of Bruce Point, in mixed conifer-hardwoods, mostly Populus, Acer, and Thuja, on Thuja, Oct 1976, oe 4011C.—losco: 5 mi W of Oscoda, between River Rd and AuSable River, Pinus and Quercus on well drained sandy soil, Apr 1971, Common 130A. Pannaria conoplea (Ach.) Bory - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 0. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, seu: on Thuja, Sept 197 Harris 7976C.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, along shore of Duncan Bay and up hillside ae Lookout Louise, on Populus tremuloides, July 1977, Me to 63368. Pannaria pezizoides (Weber) Trevisan - terricolous, on mossy soil; UP: 4, LP: 0. Baraga: Falls River, L’Anse, Sept 1949, Jmshaug 4768. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 193 Pannaria rubiginosa (Ach.) Bory - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, (Wetmore 1997). Parmelia fraudans (Nyl.) Nyl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: halfway down bay on N side, between Conglomerate Bay and Tonkin Bay, on rock at Jackpine Point, July 1959, Wetmore 4290; around Cliff Mine, 3.5 mi SE of Eagle River, around rock talus from mine and on rocky cliffs above, Aug 1972, Worn 20901. Parmelia omphalodes (L.) Ach. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, over rock in vicinity of Tobin Harbor, swamp, June 1958, Wetmore 1651, about halfway down bay on N side, between Conglomerate Bay and Tonkin Bay, July 1969, Wetmore 4249. Parmelia saxatilis (L.) Ach. - corticolous and saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 3, ER Chippewa: N side of Andrus Lake, State Forest ee in Pinus strobus-Quercus forest, on aan Oct 1975, Malachowski 1530B.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, $ of Mt Stream, Oct 1976, pes 3693. Parmelia squarrosa Hale - corticolous and saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 14, LP: 15 Alpena: 1.7 mi S of Thunder Bay River on Herron Rd, Kalmia bog areas, Chamaedaphne mat, July L971, Vitt 4141. —Crawford: Thuja bog near Grayling, on Abies, May 1958, Imshaug 21433. Parmelia sulcata Taylor - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 17, 47 Cheboygan: N of Dingman Marsh Flooding, N of Potter Rd, Thuja-Picea-Betula swamp, on Tsuga, Sept 1973, Wang 498.—losco: largo Springs area, 18 mi W of Oscoda, Thuja-Betula-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1973, Wang 585. Parmeliella triptophylla (Ach.) Miill. Arg. - corticolous and saxicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: along Siskiwit Falls River from Siskiwit Lake to Malone Bay, on rock, June 1958, Wetmore 2417; Isle Royale NP, Hay Bay swamp and along S side of river at end of Hay Bay, on Thuja, June 1958, Wetmore 2516. Parmelina quercina (Willd.) Hale - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Parmeliopsis ambigua (Wulfen) Nyl. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous inees Olena bs, ewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59899; on Thuja, Oct ae ee 59863. Parmeliopsis capitata R. C. Harris - corticolous, on coniferous trees; WP ER. 0: Chippewa, Delta, Keweenaw, and Mackinac (MICH) (Harris 1977). Parmeliopsis hyperopta (Ach.) Arnold - lignicolous and corticolous, on conifer- ous trees; UP: 9, LP: 2 Baraga: Lake Superior, 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore with fit banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, on log, July 1977, Malachowski 6372D.—Chippewa: Bayview Campground, along shore of Lake Superior, in Acer, Betula, Pinus ame forest, on stump, July 1977, Vanes 7274C, 194 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Parmotrema arnoldii Hale - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 5, LP: 0. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1972 Harris 7960.—Chippewa: ca. | mi of Mackinac County, bog, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3349A Parmotrema chinense (Osbeck) Hale - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 3, LP: 9 Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, on Thuja, May 1970, Harris 5886.—Delta: along Bill’s Creek at County Rd 509, NE of Rapid River, moist woods, on Betula alleghaniensis Sept 1969, Harris 4184 Parmotrema crinitum (Ach.) M. Choisy - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 13, LP: 10. Delta: along Haymeadow Creek Falls Nature Trail, NE of Rapid River, moist woods, on Betula ie Paes Sept 1969, Harris 4196.—Dickinson: S end of O’Neil Lake, Thuja-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1971, Harris 7435. Parmotrema hypotropum (Nyl.) Hale - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 0, LP: 1 Washtenaw (Harris 1977) Parmotrema margaritaturm (Hue) Hale - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 0, LP: 2 ; x I ‘ Us : Charlevoix: Beaver Island, bluff near Barney Lake, on Thuja, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27752.— Newaygo: Dudgeon Swamp, S of One-Mile Rd, ENE of White Cloud, Oct 1972, Harris 8159 Parmotrema perforatum (Jacq.) A. Massal. - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 0, LP: 2 Iron Jackson: 2 mi SW of Gautier, on fallen Quercus branches, Feb 1973, Killebrew s.n. (MIN) Parmotrema stuppeum (Taylor) Hale - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 2, LP: 1 : Tee ake, S of eepee Lake, S of Kenton, Sept 1964, Harris s.n.—Presque Isle: Hammond Bay, Thuja swamp along Lake Huron, July 1967, Harris 36 Parmotrema tinctorum (Delise ex Nyl.) Hale - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 0 Jackson: Ocean Springs, on live a bark, Aug 1954, Demaree 35983 (MIN), on dead tree bark, Jan 1955, Demaree 36377 (M es aphthosa (L.) Willd. - on shaded, mossy ground; UP: 6, LP: 1. eweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Cork Island, SE of Belle Isle, Thuja, Abies, Betula, June 1977, oe 6106 arquette: Huron Mountains, Middle Falls, Salmon-Trout River, Pinus, Betula, and Titieo Ot Oct 1976, Malachowski 432 maueese canina (L.) Willd. - on shaded ground and rocks; UP: 12, LP: 18. Alge Malac nee 3208,.— Betula, and Pinus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 414 :2km N of Little Beaver Lake Campground, Abies, Acer, and Betula papyrifera, Oct 1976, Marquette: Huron Mountains, Mt Ida, W side of Lake Ann, Tsuga, Acer Peltigera collina (Ach.) Schrader - on shaded mossy deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997) Peltigera degenii Gyelnik - on mossy ground; UP: 2, LP: 0 , Marquette: Huron Mountains, Middle Falls, Salmon-Trout River, Pinus, Betula and Tsuga, Oct 976, Malachowski 4389.—Ontonagon: Misery : Mis B woods and conifers, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5395 ay, near mouth of Little Misery River, hard- 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 195 Peltigera didactyla (With.) J. R. Laundon - usually on open ground; UP: 11, LP: 11. Cheboygan: S of Hebron Mail Rd, 2 mi N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, on rotten log, June 1973, Wang 276—Dickinson: along road into O’Neil Lake Campground, Picea-Pinus banksiana- Populus woods, on road bank, Sept 1971, Harris 7402. Peltigera elisabethae Gyelnik - on mossy ground; UP: 10, LP: 4. Keweenaw: High Rock Bay, Lake Superior shore, cae balsamea, Betula, and Pinus strobus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4711 B.—Marquette: Huron Mountain Club, Salmon-Trout River, 1.2 km N of entrance at Huron Mountain Club, Oct 1977, Vane ae 4240. Peltigera evansiana Gyelnik - on mossy rocks and trees; UP: 12, LP: 8. Chippewa: Drummond Island, N of Bruce Point, along shore in mixed conifer-hardwoods, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60056.—Leelanau: Lighthouse Point, along shore of Lake Michigan at N tip of Leelanau Peninsula, June 1957, Imshaug 19503. Peltigera horizontalis (Hudson) Baumg. - on mossy rocks and corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 8, LP: 3 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Smithwick Island, June 1958, Wetmore 1478; Isle Royale NP, Tobin Harbor swamp and vicinity, near trail to Mt Franklin, June 1958, Wetmore 1704A. Peltigera lepidophora (Vainio) Bitter - on sandy ground and mosses; UP: 4, LP: 2. Baraga: 0.5 mi N of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Populus woods, Sept 1972, Harris 8151. Peltigera leucophlebia (Nyl.) Gyelnik - on shaded, mossy ground and rocks; UP: (palebs6 Tosco: Iargo Springs area, 18 mi W of Oscoda, Thuja-Betula-Picea swamp, base and roots of Thuja, Sept 1973, Wang 570.—Keweenaw: Estivant pines, S of Copper Harbor, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Betula and Acer, on rock, July 1976, Imshaug 59092. Peltigera malacea (Ach.) Funck - usually on open ground; UP: 4, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Mountain Lake, mostly Acer, some Pinus, steep rocky hillside, on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3442—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, along summit of escarpment above Lake of the Clouds, Sept 1957, eee 20463. Peltigera membranacea (Ach.) Nyl. - on mossy ground; UP: 3, LP: 0. Houghton: Beacon Hill, July 1967, Erbisch 1805—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW end of Mott Island, over rock, June 1957, Wetmore 317. Peltigera neckeri Hepp ex Miill. Arg. - on open ground; UP: 4, LP: 0. Clare: NW of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Cedar swamp, Oct 1968, Ohlsson 14; between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, June 1973, Wang 70. Peltigera neopolydactyla (Gyelnik) Gyelnik - on mossy ground; UP: 2, LP: 0. Baraga: NE of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, Sept 1972, Harris 7886.—Dickinson: S$ of road into O’Neil Lake Campground, Thuja-Picea swamp, Sphagnum, Sept 1971, Harris 7500. Peltigera polydactylon (Necker) Hoffm. - on mossy ground and trees; UP: 11, LP: 7. losco: Iargo Springs area, 18 mi W of Oscoda, Thuja-Betula-Picea swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1973, Wang 557. 196 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Peltigera ponojensis Gyelnik - on mossy ground and trees; UP: 1, LP: 1. Delta: NW of Isabella, road ballast pit on USFS 2231, 1.5 mi W of USFS 2226, Sept 1969, Harris 4228.—Oscoda: E of Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi E of Mio, Pinus banksiana woods, Sept 1973, Harris 33] Peltigera praetextata (FlOrke ex Sommerf.) Zopf - on mossy ground and decidu- ous trees; UP: 13, LP: 16 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Island, on Island Mine Trail, July 1959, Wetmore 4980.—Onton- agon: Manabenzo Falls, Big Presque Isle River, Tsuga, Betula, Thuja, and Pinus woods, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5645. Peltigera rufescens (Weiss) Humb. - on open ground; UP: 13, LP: 13. Chippew rummond Island, N of Bruce Point, along shore in mixed-conifer-harwoods, Oct 1976, ae 60057. Peltigera scabrosa Th. Fr. - on mossy ground; UP: 0, LP: 1. Clare (Harris 1977). Peltigera venosa (L.) Hoffm. - on shaded, mossy ground; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, July 1976, Imshaug 98974; Isle Royale NP, on Rock Harbor side of Davidson Island, shaded mossy cliff, June 1958, Wetmore 2629. Pertusaria alpina Hepp ex Ahles - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 7, LP: 0. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on Fraxinus, Sept 1972, Harris 7981.—Keweenaw: shore of Lake Superior with low cliffs, and adjacent woods with Sphagnum and boulders, N side of Gay, July 1976, Imshaug 59190. Pertusaria amara (Ach.) Nyl. - corticolous; UP: 12, LP: 13. Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, on Thuja, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59909,— Keweenaw: Estivant pines. S of Copper Harbor, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Betula and Acer, on Acer, July 1976, Imshaug 59121. Pertusaria consocians Dibben - corticolous, on deciduous trees Pr 3. Pat. Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus- Thuja swamp, on Betula alleghaniensis, Oct 1968, Harris 3910.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, shore of Lake Superior at Conway Bay, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5231. Pertusaria dactylina (Ach.) Nyl. - usually on plant debris on ground; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, NE of Thompson Island, on Abies balsamea, July 1984, Wetmore 51557 (MIN) Pertusaria leioplaca DC. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 2. Clare: NW of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, on Fraxinus, Oct 1968, Ohlsson 18.— Dickinson: road into O’Nei] Lake Campground, Picea-Pinus banksiana- Populus woods, on Populus, Sept 1971, Harris 7549. Pertusaria macounii (Lamb) Dibben - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 12, LP: 9. losco: along the AuSable River, NW of Tawas City, swampy area, on Betula alleghaniensis, May 69, Ohlsson 167.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, Fortress, NE of Mountain Lake, Sept 1949, Imshaug 53/1. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 197 Pertusaria multipunctoides Dibben - corticolous, on deciduous trees; iP /plabeel. Baraga: L’Anse, Falls River, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4890.—Mackinac: NW of Cedarville, conifer woods, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3675. Pertusaria neoscotica Lamb - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 3, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, In Siskiwit swamp near mouth of Big Siskiwit River, on Thuja, A 1959, Wetmore 5023A.—Washtenaw: dry woods NW of Crooked Lake, on Quercus, Apr 1 Harris s.n. Pertusaria oculata (Dickson) Th. Fr. - usually on plant debris on ground; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S shore of Grace Harbor, on Thuja, July 1984, Wetmore 51815 (MIN). Pertusaria ophthalmiza (Nyl.) Nyl. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 10; LP: 5: Marquette: W side of the Huron Mountains, near Cliff Lake, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4344. —Oscoda: Watson Rd, Mio, on Acer rubrum, Sept 1973, Harris 8405. Pertusaria propinqua Miill. Arg. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 3. Leelanau: near Clinton, upland hardwoods, Apr 1958, /mshaug 21273. Pertusaria pustulata (Ach.) Duby - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 5 Allegan: between Mt Baldhead and Lake Michigan shore, on Quercus, June 1957, Imshaug 19676.—Shiawassee: Rose Lake Exp. Station, Woodhall Twp, Apr 1957, Wetmore 35B. Pertusaria rubefacta Erichsen - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, LP: 2. Marquette: Huron Mountains, shore of Lake Superior, at Conway Point, Sept 1949, Imshaug 255.—Oscoda: W of Watson Rd, ca. 7.5 mi S of Mio, wet Fraxinus-Acer rubrum swamp, Betula alleghaniensis, Sept 1973, Harris 8418. Pertusaria sommerfeltii Oe ex Sommerf.) Fr. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: a0; araga: NE of aa River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1972, se 7844.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, mouth of Big Siskiwit River, in Siskiwit swamp on Thuja, July ine Wetmore 5014. Pertusaria trachythallina Erichsen - corticolous, on deciduous trees; WP26; LR=3: Keweenaw: between Lac La Belle and Deer Lake, sandy area with Populus, Pteridium aquilinum, and Cladina mats, on Acer, July 1976, Imshaug 58800.—Mackinac: NW of Cedarville, conifer woods, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3678. Pertusaria velata (Turner) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 11, LP: 11. Alger: 100 m SW of Little Beaver Lake, Betula te Acer, Fagus, and Tsuga, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2939.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, S of Mt Stream, on Acer, Oct 1976, Mo 3656. Pertusaria waghornei Hulting - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 1. Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, on Acer rubrum, Apr 1969, Harris 3978—Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, on Betula, July 1976, Imshaug 58954. 198 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 }Phaeocalicium compressulum (Nyl. ex Szat.) A. F. W. Schmidt - on Alnus twigs: eee) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, on Alnus, July 1983, Wetmore 49635 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Johns Island in Washington Harbor, on Alnus, July 1984, Wetmore 51674 (M }Phaeocalicium curtisii (Tuck.) Tibell - on Rhus; UP: 0, LP: 2. Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, W of Bass Lake, on sumac, July 1987, Wetmore 58412 (MIN).—Midland: Black Creek near Sanford, on Rhus, May 1958, Imshaug 21653 (MIN). }Phaeocalicium polyporaeum (Nyl.) Tibell - on old polyphore fungi on trees; UP: 4, LP: 6 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21085 (MIN).—Marquette: 3 mi S of Marquette, on dead Populus, June 1977, Erbisch 4835 (MIN). }Phaeocalicitum populneum (Brond. ex Duby) A. F. W. Schmidt - on Populus twigs; 3.00) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Daisy Farm in Rock Harbor, on Populus balsamifera, July 1983, Wetmore 47918 (MIN).—Mackinac: Mackinac SF, Big Knob Rd, 0.5 mi from US 2, on Populus balsamifera twigs, May 1977, Buck 1659 (MIN). Phaeographis dendritica (Ach.) Miill. Arg. - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: 0, | ea Emmet: off Robinson Rd near Middle Village, on Acer saccharum, Aug 1967, Engel 1/31. Phaeographis sericea (Eschw.) Miill. Arg. - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: 0, a Jackson: Ocean Springs, on Hamamelis, Oct 1974, Tucker 13083 (MIN). Phaeophyscia adiastola (Essl.) Essl. - saxicolous, over mosses on siliceous rocks and trees! |) Pb: 1. eiocas NE of Jackson, on Carya, June 1979, Harris 13075 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale P, Sugar Mountain, on Acer saccharum, July 1984, Wetmore 52619 (M IN). Phaeophyscia cernohorskyi (Nadv.) Essl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks, and cor- ticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1 Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, E of Sleeping Bear Dune, on Populus grandidentata, July 1987, Wetmore 58171 (MIN). Phaeophyscia ciliata (Hoffm.) Moberg - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: 10, LE 20 peas Drummond Island, E of Bruce Point, Populus-Thuja forest, Oct 1976, Common —Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin, along shore of Lake ae Abies, Populus, and i woods, on Populus tremuloides, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5553 Phaeophyscia constipata (Norrlin & Nyl.) Moberg - terricolous, on calcarerous ground among mosses; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, NE tip of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47507 (MIN). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 199 Phaeophyscia decolor (Kashiw.) Essl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, McCargo Cove, exposed to lake winds, on Nephroma parile on bare ae under Alnus branch, Aug 1930, Povah, Brown, McFarlin & Lowe 375 (MICH); Isle Royale P, Ryan island, on bare rock on shore exposed to some shade, Sept 1930, Povah, Brown, pei & Lowe 873 (MICH). Phaeophyscia endococcina (Kérber) Moberg - corticolous and saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, South Government Island, July 1980, Wetmore 41037 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 46656 (MIN) Phaeophyscia endococcinodes (Tuck.) Essl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: I, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Lookout Louise, July 1983, Wetmore 46795 (MIN). Phaeophyscia erythrocardia (Tuck.) Essl. - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountains, Fortress, NE of Mountain Lake, Sept 1949, Imshaug 1949 (MICH). Phaeophyscia hirsuta (Mereschk.) Essl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks, and corti- colous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, at N tip of Pyramid Point, on Prunus, July 1987, Wetmore 58359 (MIN). Phaeophyscia hirtella Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 0. Baraga: 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1972, Harris S011 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Wallace Lake, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wetmore 47592 (MIN). Phaeophyscia hispidula (Ach.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, LP: 3. Baraga: Sturgeon River upstream from bridge, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, wet woods, on Fraxinus, Sept Fad: 1972, Harris 8077,—Charlevoix: Beaver Island, base of bluff, Aug 1961, Teas 27 Phaeophyscia orbicularis (Necker) Moberg - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 6, Rade Clare: near Clare, Thuja bog, on Ulmus, Apr 1958, Imshaug 21058—Houghton: along shore a upper entrance to Keweenaw Waterway, on W side of channel, on Acer, June 1958, Wetmore 1230 Phaeophyscia pusilloides (Zahlbr.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 13, 1B) eA ee ca. 0.25 mi NNE of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus- ee oods, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1972, Harris 8010.—Oscoda: W of Watson Rd, c 5miS - Mic, Fraxinus-Acer rubrum swamp, on Fraxinus, Sept 1973, Harris 8426. Phaeophyscia rubropulchra (Degel.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: ilo) P: 28 Mackinac: Little Brevort Lake, Fagus-Acer forest, on Acer, June 1975, Imshaug 58590.—Newaygo: S of Four-Mile Rd, 6 mi NE of White Cloud, old Thuja swamp, on Acer saccharum, Sept 1973, Wang 329. 200 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Phaeophyscia sciastra (Ach.) Moberg - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: UP: 7, LP: 0. Chippewa: Drummond Island, E side of Bass Cove, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59910.—Keweenaw: High Rock Bay, Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula and Pinus strobus, on rock, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4812 Phaeophyscia squarrosa Kashiw. (P. imbricata sensu Essl.) - corticolous, on decid- nous trees; UF: 2,.LP: 2, Clare: between US Hwy 27 and old US 27, ca. 2 mi N of Long Lake, Ulmus-Fraxinus-Thuja swamp, on Ulmus, Apr 1969, Harris 3954.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mts, summit of escarpment above Lake of the Clouds, on Acer, Sept 1957, a A 2204685. Phlyctis argena (Sprengel) Flotow - corticolous; UP: 7, LP: 10. Cheboygan: E of Pine Grove Campground, Thuja swamp, on Thuja, Aug 1972, Harris 7809.— Schoolcraft: Manistique River, on Acer, Oct 1975, Malachowski 1620. Physcia adscendens (Fr.) H. Olivier - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 11, LP: 41. Chippewa: Sa ne Island, N of Bruce Point, along shore in mixed conifer-hardwoods, on Populus, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60015.—Clinton: NW side of Rose Lake, very moist deciduous forest, July 1979, Fruit 5C. Physcia aipolia (Ehrh. ex Humb.) Fiirnr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: 13. LP; 28 Chippewa: Drummond Island, N of Bruce Point, along shore in mixed conifer- hardwoods, on ee Oct 1976, Imshaug 60062. Physcia americana G. Merr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 5. Allegan: Mt Baldhead, near Saugatuck, summit of sand dune, on Tilia, June 1957, Imshaug 19672.—Newaygo: S of Four-Mile Rd, 6 mi NE of White Cloud, old Thuja swamp, on Acer, Sept 1973, Wang 321. Physcia caesia (Hoffm.) Fiirnr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 5, LP: 0. cenaw: N side of Gay, shore of Lake Superior ee low cliffs and adjacent woods with Spahgnum and boulders, July 1976, Imshaug 59154B, 5916 Physcia dubia (Hoffm.) Lattau - saxicolous and corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 4 Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton es aap pavement, Oct 1976, /mshaug 60127B.— eweenaw: along shore, High Rock Bay, Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula, and Pinus strobus, on rock, Oct 1976, Marie e 4769A Physcia millegrana Degel. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 49. Chippewa: Drummond Island, N of Bruce Point, along shore in mixed conifer-hardwoods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60008.—Oscoda: near Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi S of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, on Quercus, Sept 1973, Harris 8222. Physcia phaea (Tuck.) J. W. Thomson - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 1. Keweenaw: High Rock Bay, Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula, and Pinus strobus, on rock, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4810; Isle Royale NP, Lake Superior side of Mott Island, near headquarters site, June 1987, Wetmore 236C. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 201 Physcia stellaris (L.) Nyl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, UP: 13, LP: 47. Chippewa: Drummond Island, along road at Drummond airport, on Acer, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60156.—Ontonagon: NE of Buckshot Cabin, woods along shore of Lake Superior, on Populus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5546. Physcia subtilis Degel. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 4, LP: 3. Marquette: Huron Mountains, N end of Mountain Lake, steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer, some Pinus, on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3465, 3558. Physcia tenella (Scop.) DC. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royal NP, Smithwick Island, on Betula papyrifera, June 1958, Wetmore 1493B, Isle Royale NP, Long Island, on Betula papyrifera, July 1959, Wetmore 5093. Physcia wainioi Rasinen - saxicolous and corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, ew) Gogebic: Sandstone Falls, Black River, mixed hardwood-conifer forest, Sept 1957, sti 20716.—Keweenaw: N side of Gay, shore of Lake Superior with low cliffs and adjacent woo with Sphagnum and boulders, July 1976, Imshaug 59171. Physciella chloantha (Ach.) Essl. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 2. Eaton: 12 mi E of Charlotte, off Bunker Hwy, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang 1048.— Montmorency: 4 mi S of Atlanta, off County Rd 487, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang Physconia detersa (Nyl.) Poelt - on mossy rocks and tree trunks; UP: 13, LP: 32. Cheboygan: S of Hebron Mail Rd, 2 mi N of Levering Rd, hardwood stand just N of Thuja swamp, on Fraxinus, June 1973, Wang 302.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, along shore of Duncan Bay and up hillside below Lookout Louise, on Thuja, July 1977, Malachowski 6333. Physconia leucoleiptes (Tuck.) Essl. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: | Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Physconia muscigena (Ach.) Poelt - usually on mosses on the ground; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: 350 m N of Mendota Canal, Bete Grise Bay, along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula, and Acer woods, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5069C; Isle Royale NP, along the shore of Blakes Point, a "Thuja, Abies, Betula forest on rocks, June 1977, Malachowski 6033B. Physconia perisidiosa (Erichsen) Moberg - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 5, LP: 4 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Hay Point, in parkland like community of Fraxinus, Betula, Thuja, and Abies, on Populus tremuloides, June 1977, Malachowski 5895A.—Marquette: Huron Moun- tain, N end of Mountain Lake, mostly Acer, and some Pinus on steep rocky hillside, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3367. Placidium lachneum (Ach.) Breuss (syn. Catapyrenium lachneum) - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 1, LP: 0. Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton Plains, on soil with dolostone pavement, May 198, Marr 8421 (MIN). 202 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Placidium michelii (A. Masgsal. - Breuss (syn. Catapyrenium michelii) - terricolous, on sandy soils; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49597 (MIN). Placynthiella dasaea a Tgnsberg - corticolous, on deciduous trees, and terricolous UP 2, LP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, inside Chippewa Harbor, July 1983, Wetmore 47121 (MIN).— Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, center of South Manitou Island, July 1987, Wetmore 58457 (MIN). Placynthiella icmalea (Ach.) ey & P. James - corticolous, on deciduous (rees and terricolous: UP: 2 LP? 1. Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Little Platte Lake, June 1987, Wetmore 58006 (MIN).— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Old Feldtman Tower, July 1983, Wetmore 48571 (MIN) Placynthiella oligotropha (J. R. Laundon) Coppins & P. James - terricolous, on humus-rich soil; UP: 4, LP: 2. Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, NE of Bass Lake, at Trails End, June 1987, Wetmore 57973 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Rovale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49626 (MIN Placynthiella uliginosa (Schrader) Coppins & P. James - on lignum, plant debris, ana soul UP, 5) LP 12 Jackson: Sharonville State Game Area, dry fields, on lignum, June 1970, Harris 5948.—Lak Kelley Creek, 17 mi SW of Ely, cut over Picea mariana swamp with Alnus and sapling Populus ea June 1977, Oe hore 28095, Placynthium asperellum (Ach.) Trevisan - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks: UP: 1, Gat) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, along shore at SW end, on outside (facing Lake Superior), June 1958, Wetmore 1636B; Isle Royale NP, Capt. Kidd Island (NE of Amygdaloid Island), July 1959, Wetmore 4695. Placynthium nigrum (Hudson) Gray - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 5, LP: 4. acini Drummond Island, E side of Big Shoal Cove, scattered ees oun exposed lime- e pavement and low Juniperus, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59960.—Leelanau: along shore of Lake Michigan at ae Point, N tip of Leelanau Peninsula, June 1957, eae 19490, Platismatia glauca (L.) Culb. & C. Culb. - corticolous, on coniferous and decidu- Ous (reese UP 1 AP at), Keweenaw: along Central Creek, swampy area with Abies, Betula, Thuja, and Acer, on Abies, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4916, 4994. Platismatia tuckermanii (Cakes) aa & C. Culb. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 14, LP: 1 Keweenaw: 1.2 km past end of Route 41 on hill ee Lake i in Abies, Betula woods, on Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 5703A.—Ontonagon: Misery B ear mouth of Little Misery River, hardwoods and conifers, on Peale ae ee Oct 1976, ae 5400. Polyblastia cupularis A. Massal. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP. Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 48414 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Huginnin Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 5234] (MIN). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 203 Polyblastia theleodes (Sommerf.) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, middle of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47449 (MIN). Polychidium muscicola (Sw.) Gray - on damp, mossy siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on rock at Jackpine Point, about halfway down bay on N side, between Conglomerate Bay and Tonkin oo July 1959, Wetmore 4264A.—Marquette: hills N of Mountain Lake, Sept 1949, eee SIS¢ Polysporina simplex (Davies) Vezda - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 0, LP: 3. Emmet, Livingston, Washtenaw: non-calcareos rock (Harris 1977). Porpidia albocaerulescens (Wulfen) Hertel & Knoph - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks: WP ale: 3: Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, S of Beaver Lake, at Lowney Creek, July 1987, Wetmore 59350 (MIN). Porpidia calcarea Gowan - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, middle of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47460 (MIN - holotype); Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49551 (MIN). Porpidia cinereoatra (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, EAG Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, E of Three-Mile Campground, July 1983, Wetmore 47246 (MIN). Porpidia crustulata (Ach.) Hertel & Knoph - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks, UP: 7, IGP: 2 Alger: W of Kingston Lake, open fields, Sept 1970, Harris 6070.—Baraga: old borrow pit near Sturgeon River Bridge, ca. 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Sept 1972, Harris 8038. Porpidia diversa Gowan - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Net Island (NE of Amygdaloid Island), July 1984, Wetmore 51455 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, W end of Minong Ridge Trail, July 1984, Wetmore 52420 (MIN). Porpidia herteliana Gowan - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: PER :0: Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, | mi S of Huginnin Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 52815 (MIN - holotype). Porpidia macrocarpa (DC.) Hertel & Knoph - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 7, ILE) Alger: near Little Beaver Lake, Lake Superior shore, Sept 1964, Harris s.n.—Clinton: Rose Lake Game Area, SE of junction of Clark and Peacock Rds, Apr 1969, Harris 3984. Porpidia speirea (Ach.) Kremp. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Raspberry Island, Aug 1972, Thomson 17379 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, middle of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47491 ( Porpidia superba (K6rber) Hertel & Knoph - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, EERO) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, N of Lake Desor at shore of Lake Superior, shore and in trees near shore, on rocks, July 1984, Wetmore 53099 (MIN). 204 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Porpidia thomsonii Gowan - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw (Gowan 1989). Protoblastenia rupestris (Scop.) J. Steiner - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 4, LP: 6 Chippewa: Drummond Island, along shore, N of Bruce Point, mixed conifer-hardwoods, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59997.—Oscoda: Wagner Lake, Mio, hills N of Mountain Lake, dry Pinus banksiana- Quercus woods, Sept 1973, Harris 8227A. Protoblastenia siebenhaariana (K6rber) J. Steiner - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: “0; Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, middle of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47505 (MIN). Protoparmelia badia (Hoffm.) Hafellner - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, | Es ea] ? Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Saginaw Point, July 1980, Wetmore 41397 (MIN); Isle Royale NP Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 48444 (MIN). Pseudevernia consocians (Vainio) Hale & Culb. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees: UP: 10, LP: 3 Keweenaw: shore of Lake neo at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, on fallen Abies, July 1976, Imshaug 58982, Isle Royale NP, on S side of Chippawa River, about 1.5 km, SW of harbor mouth, Thuja, Betula, Abies eae on Fraxinus, June 1977, Malachowski 5924B. Pseudocyphellaria crocata (L.) Vainio - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, South Government Island, July 1984, Wetmore 53278 (MIN). Pseudoparmelia cubensis (Nyl.) Elix & T. Nash - corticolous, on deciduous trees: 2 Jackson: Ocean Springs, base of live Quercus trees, Aug 1954, Demaree 35974, 35979B (MIN). Psilolechia lucida (Ach.) M. Choisy - saxicolous, on shaded siliceous rocks; UP: 1, BPEO elie Isle Royale NP, Amygdaloid Island, July 1984, Wetmore 51531 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, | miS of Huginnin Cove, July 1984, Wetmore 52823 (MIN). Psora decipiens (Hedwig) Hoffm. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 1, LP: 0. Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton Plains, on soil on dolostone pavement, May 1981, Marr 836 (MIN Psora globifera (Ach.) A. Massal. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: summit of bluffs at top of Mt Brockway, rock cracks, July 1976, Imshaug 59205,— Marquette: hills N of Mountain Lake, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5164. Psorula rufonigra (Tuck.) Gotth. Schneider - lichenicolous on Spilonema revertens: LIP: Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on SW end of West Caribou Island, along shore, on Spilonema revertens on rock, July 1959, Wetmore 4404. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 205 Punctelia bolliana (Miill. Arg.) Krog - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 16. Clinton: S side of Park Lake, Quercus woods, on Quercus, May 1972, Harris 7704.—Ingham Dansville State Game Area, W of Howard Rd, Quercits woods, on Quercus, June 1972, Harris 7734. Punctelia borreri (Sm.) Krog - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Punctelia hypoleucites (Nyl.) Krog - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 0, LP: 5. Benzie: Benzie State Park, forested sand dunes, on Pinus resinosa, a 1961, Imshaug 27425. — Leelanau: D. H. Day State Park, W of Glen Arbor, Sept 1962, Harris Punctelia rudecta (Ach.) Krog - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 16, LP: 41. Marquette: Huron Mts, 3 km NW of Howe Lake along Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Tsuga, Betula, and een on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3940.—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mts NW shore of Lake of the Clouds, Tsuga, Acer, Betula, and Populus, on Acer, Oct 1976, Mala. chowski 5463. Punctelia stictica (Duby) Krog - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, cliff at SW end of Washington Island, over rock, June 1958, Wet- 135B more 2 Punctelia subrudecta (Nyl.) Krog - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UPD ess Dickinson: at S end of O’Neil Lake, Thuja-Picea swamp, on Picea, Sept 1971, Harris 7441.— Newaygo: N side of Loda Lake, Quercus woods, on Quercus, June 1972, Harris 7777. Pyrenocollema tichothecioides (Arnold) R. C. Harris - saxicolous, on inundated calcareous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 2 Mackinac: shore of Lake Huron, W of Hessel on Mich. Hwy 134, on limestone, Sept 1966, Harris 1080A.—Menominee: Big Cedar River Campground, in river bed of Big Cedar River, on lime stone, Sept 1965, Harris 749. Pyrenopsis phaeococca Tuck. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, near Rock Harbor Lodge at site of W.S. Cooper’s study, rocky shore on Rock Harbor side, June 1958, Wetmore 2623. Pyrenula laevigata (Pers.) Arnold - corticolous, on smooth bark of deciduous trees; UP: 8, LP: 3 Dickinson: NE of O’Neil Lake Campground, swamp, on Betula alleghaniensis, Sept 1971, Harris 638.—Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, July 197 Imshaug 58959B. Pyrenula pseudobufonia (Rehm.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees; WR eee Mackinac: junction of Prairie Creek and Route 33, Oct 1975, Malachowski 1638A.—losco: largo prings, along AuSable River, in mixed hardwoods, on Quercus rubra, Sept 1965, Harris 834. Pyrrhospora elabens (Fr.) Hafellner - lignicolous; UP: 6, LP: 3. Baraga: Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus-Populus woods, Sept 1972, Harris 8016.—Charlevoix: Beaver Island, old fields near airfield, Aug 1961, /mshaug 27711. 206 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Pyrrhospora varians (Ach.) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous and conifer- ous trees: UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Pyxine sorediata (Ach.) Mont. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 12, LP: 18. i raga: Huron River, 3 km WSW of mouth of Huron River, Abies, Betula, Pinus forest, on Acer, July 1977, Malachowski 6388A.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, 3 km NW of Howe Lake along Tale Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Tsuga, Betula, and Acer, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3971. Ramalina americana Hale - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 14, LP: 12. Clare: among scattered Pinus banksiana, on Populus, May 1959, Erbisch 94.—Delta: Fairport, tip of Garden Peninsula, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20060. Ramalina calicaris (L.) Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Ramalina culbersonianum LaGreca - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 1 Cheboygan, Mackinac (LaGreca 1999). Ramalina dilacerata aaa ) Hoffm. - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees UP: 7. 1P,9 Cheboygan: S of Hebron Mail Rd, 2 mi N of Levering Rd, Thuja swamp, on Acer rubrum, Sept 973, Wang 370.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, “Flat Rock,” along Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula, scattered Pinus strobus, on Abies balsamea, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3904. — Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 1. Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, July 1976, Imshaug 58987; Isle Royale NP, Mott Island, on Abies grandis, June 1957, Wetmore 219. Ramalina fraxinea (L.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Ramalina geniculata Hook. f. & Taylor - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Ramalina intermedia (Delise ex Nyl.) Nyl. - corticolous and saxicolous, on sili- ceous rocks; UP: 13, LP: 9. Chippewa: inland from lake, St. Vital Point, forest campground, on Quercus, Oct 1975, Mala- chowski 1402.—Mackinac: along shore of St. Martins Bay, on Thuja, Oct 1975, Malachowski 1356. Ramalina obtusata (Arnold) Bitter - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees UPL6, 1.P- 0 Keweenaw: S of Copper Harbor, Wilderness Rd (Mandam Rd), swamp with dead Thuja trees and Typha, July 1976, lmshaug 58922.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m E of N end of Mountain Lake, S of Mt Stream, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3712. Ramalina pollinaria (Westr.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees, and saxi- colous, on siliceous rocks; UP: a Keweenaw: S of Copper Harbor, Wilderness Rd (Mandam Rd), mixed hardwood-conifer forest. on dead tree, July 1976, Jmshaug 58848.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, W end of Huron Moun- tains, on Ulmus, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5103. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 207 Ramalina roesleri (Hochst. ex Schaerer) Hue - corticolous, on coniferous and eciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: along shore of Lake Superior at Bear Creek, E of Bete Grise, July 1976, Jmshaug 58981; about 200 m E of ranger station, Malone Bay, boggy area, on Fraxinus, June 1977, Malachowski 5761A Ramalina sinensis Jatta - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 5. Delta: Fairport, at tip of Garden Peninsula, on Populus Aug 1957, Imshaug 20054.—Kalkaska: near Kalkaska, on Larix in bog, June 1957, Imshaug 19458. Ramalina thrausta (Ach.) Nyl. - corticolous and saxicolous; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: 3 km S of Route 41, ain base of cliff on Cliff Drive, on Acer, June 1977, Mala- chowski 5674A: Isle Royale NP, on rocky headland of Blueberry Cove, with Abies, Picea, and Populus, on rock, June 1977, ae ee S90SA Rhizocarpon badioatrum (Flérke ex Sprengel) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, Aug 1972, Thomson 17326 (MIN), Isle Royale NP, Wallace Lake, July 1983, Wetmore 47641 (MIN). Rhizocarpon cinereonigrum Vainio - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Thomson 17289 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin Trail, Aug 1972, Thomson 17318 (MIN). Rhizocarpon cinereovirens (Miill. Arg.) Vainio - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; Ue I es 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Lake Superior, N of Lake Desor, July 1984, Wetmore 53082 (MIN). Rhizocarpon disporum (Nageli ex Hepp) Mill. Arg. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 5, LP Chippewa: Drummond Island, Maxton Plains, limestone pavement, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60136A.— eweenaw: High Rock Bay, on rock along Lake Superior shore, Abies balsamea, Betula and Pinus one Oct 1976, Malachowski 4833. Rhizocarpon distinctum Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Passage Island, NE tip, July 1983, Wetmore 47556 (MIN). Rhizocarpon eupetraeum (Nyl.) Blomb. & Forss. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; IE: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Rhizocarpon geminatum Koérber - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw, Marquette: (T. Feuerer, pers. comm.). Rhizocarpon geographicum (L.) DC. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 5, LP: 0. Iron: on hillside above Paint River, near Crystal Falls, rock bluffs, Sept 1957, /mshaug 20798. Rhizocarpon grande (Flérke ex Flotow) Arnold - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; Iron: above Paint River, near Crystal Falls, rock bluffs on hillside, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20802.— Marquette: Huron Mountains, Fortress, NE of Mountain Lake, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5345. 208 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Rhizocarpon hochstetteri (K6rber) Vainio - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LPs Keweenaw: Keweenaw Point, Delaware Mine, on rocks, Ju ee Thomson 3201 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, N of Conglomerate Bay, Aug 1972, Wetmore on ae IN). ata lavatum (Fr.) Hazsl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Raspberry Island, on rocky ridge and cliffs at edge of swamp, July 1984, Weunore 53099 (MIN). Rhizocarpon lecanorinum Anders - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, N side of Mt Ojibway, below tower, June 1958, Wetmore 2323.— Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, summit of escarpment NW of Lake of the Clouds, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20529. Rhizocarpon lindsayanum Rasinen - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Lake Epidote, along shore near outlet of lake, June 1958, Wetmore 2579; above Skadberg’s House at Hay Bay, on hillside, July 1959, Wetmore 5308. Rhizocarpon macrosporum Lynge - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Old Feldtman Tower, July 1983, Wetmore 48554 (MIN). Rhizocarpon obscuratum (Ach.) A. Massal. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, Peo Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21251 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, SE of Lookout Louise, July 1983, Wetmore 46928 (MIN). Rhizocarpon petraeum (Wulfen) A. Massal. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks: UP: 3 LPO Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49557 (MIN).— Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, on sandstone, 1923, Darlington 216. Rhizocarpon polycarpum (Hepp) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0, Keweenaw: W end of Mt Brockway drive, on shaded trap rock, Sept 1980, Thomson 21294, (MIN); Isle Royale NP, SE of Lookout Louise, July 1983, Wetmore 46917 (MIN) Rhizocarpon submodestum (Vainio) Vainio - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LE? Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, N of Wilson Point in Todd Harbor, in mixed woods near shore on narrow point of land with Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 48136 (MIN). Rhizocarpon umbilicatum (Ramond) Flagey - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; : 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, N of Lake Desor at shore of Lake Superior, shore and in trees near shore, on rocks, July 1984, Wetmore 53099 (MIN). Rhizoplaca chrysoleuca (Sm.) Zopf - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP. along the shore of Blakes Point, in Thuja, Abies, Betula forest, on rocks, June 1977, Malachowski 6014; Isle Royale NP, Lake Superior side of Mott Island, June 1957, Wetmore 232. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 209 Rhizoplaca melanophthalma (DC.) Leuckert & Poelt - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on SW point of Brady Cove, in Populus, Betula, Abies forest, June 1977, Malachowski 6215; Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 48418 (MIN). Rhizoplaca subdiscrepans (Nyl.) R. Sant. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SW of Saginaw Point, July 1983, Wetmore 46951 Gee Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, E of Three-Mile Campground, July 1983, Wetmore 47225 (MIN). Rimelia cetrata (Ach.) Hale & Fletcher - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Rimelia reticulata (Taylor) M. Choisy - corticolous; UP: 2, LP: 2. Baraga: ca. 0.25 mi NNE of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, on Betula alleghaniensis, Sept 1972, Harris 800].—Leelanau: near Houdek Creek at N end of Lake Leelanau, in Thuja bog, on Abies, June 1957, Imshaug 19557 Rimularia caeca (Lowe) Rambold & Printzen - corticolous, on coniferous trees; WP: Pall Baraga: about 0.25 mi NNE of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus-Populus woods, on Pinus strobus, Sept 1972, Harris 8035.—Osceola: near Wagner Lake, about 7 mi S of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana woods, on Pinus divaricata, Sept 1973, Harris 8205. Rimularia insularis (Nyl.) Rambold & Hertel - lichenicolous, on Lecanora rupicola; , LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, NE tip of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47557 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, mouth of McCargo Cove, July 1983, Wetmore 48025 (MIN). Rinodina adirondackii H. Magn. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Baraga: swamp E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on Thuja, Sept 1972, Harris 8096. Rinodina archaea (Ach.) Arnold - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; U . Cheboygan: on Populus (Harris 1977). Rinodina ascociscana Tuck. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 7, LP: 3. Cheboygan: Burt Lake, SW of intersection of Burt Lake and Hardwood Rds, hardwoods, on cer saccharum, July 1974, Harris 8989.—Newaygo: Dudgeon Swamp, S of One-Mile Rd, ENE of White Cloud, Oct 1972, Harris 8170. Rinodina colobina (Ach.) Th. Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S Side of Tonkin Bay, on Populus tremuloides, July 1980, Wetmore 41318 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, N of Robinson Bay, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wetmore 49717 (MIN). Rinodina confragosa (Ach.) Kérber - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). 210 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Rinodina degeliana Coppins - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1. Emmet: hardwood swamp § of Larks Lake, on Acer rubrum, July 1974, Harris 8872 (MICH). Rinodina efflorescens Malme - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 3. Cheboygan: 6 mi N of Wolverine, off Blueberry Rd, on Populus grandidentata, Oct 1974, Wang /211.—Chippewa: NW end of Caribou Lake, on Thuja, Oct 1975, Malachowski 1445A Rinodina excrescens Vainio - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 0, LPey Cheboygan: W of Hebron Mail Rd, Thuja swamp, Aug 1979, Harris 9379 (det. J. Sheard) (MICH). Rinodina exigua (Ach.) Gray - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 2. Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Platte Point, on Quercus rubra, June 1987, Wetmore 58079 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Point Hay, on Populus balsamifera, July 1983, Wetmore 49144 (MIN). Rinodina halei H. Magn. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 2, LP: 1. Cheboygan, Luce, Mackinac (Harris 1977). Rinodina metaboliza Vainio - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 1, EP) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Old Feldtman Tower, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wetmore 4854 (MIN). Rinodina milvina (Wahlenb.) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Government Island, Adgate Harbour, on rocks ca. 28 m from the lake, Oct 1980, Reschke 1182 (MICH). Rinodina oxydata (A. Massal.) A. Massal. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks, or corticolous; UP: 0, LP: 1 eelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, | mi S of Glen Haven, farmsite, on Prunus, July 1987, o, 58291 (MIN). Rinodina papillata H. Magn. - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 0, LP: 2. Iosco: largo Springs on AuSable River, NW of Tawas City, conifer swamp, on Thuja, Sept 1968, Harris 3798. Rinodina polyspora Th. Fr. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 2. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Green Bay, Aug 1961, Jimshaug 27825.—Marquette: Huron Moun- tains, hilltop on W side of Huron Mountains, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4370B. Rinodina populicola H. Magn. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 3 Alpena: 8 mi SW of Alpena, off Devil’s Lake Rd, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 1974, Wang 970.—Leelanau: 3 mi E of Empire, off Echo Valley Rd, on Populus tremuloides, Aug 197 Wang 883. Rinodina pyrina (Ach.) Arnold - corticolous, on smooth bark of deciduous trees; AZ. Crawford: 7 mi S of Grayling, 2 mi E of Interstate 75, on Populus tremuloides, July 1974, Wang 760.—Gratiot: 5.5 mi NW of Ithaca, County Rd 543, on Populus tremuloides, Sept 1974, Wang 1037. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 211 Rinodina subminuta H. Magn. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 9, LP: 5. Bay: Nigger point at ae: Bay, scattered trees, on Salix, May 1958, Imshaug 21629.— pe aw: Estivant Pines, S of Copper Harbor, virgin stand of Pinus strobus with Betula and cer, on Acer, July 1976, Ta 59126B Rinodina tephraspis (Tuck.) Herre - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Raspberry Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 20993 (MIN). Rinodina turfacea (Wahlenb.) Korber - corticolous, also on humus-rich soil and plant debris; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Todd Harbor, Wilson Point, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 48073 (MIN); ae See NP, SE of Washington Harbor, on Acer saccharum, July 1984, Wetmore 52190 Ropalospora chlorantha (Tuck.) S. Ekman - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, JE} Al Mackinac: Mackinac Island, vicinity of Fort Holmes, on Fagus, June 1961, Imshaug 27253. Sarcogyne regularis Kérber - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 10. Delta: NW of Isabella, on USFS 2231 ca. 1.5 mi W of USFS 2226, limestone road ballast pit, Sept 1969, Harris 4215.—Mackinac: along USFS Highway 2, N of Brevoort Lake, on limestone, Sept 1966, Harris 1067. +Sarea difformis (Fr.) Fr. - on pine resin; UP: 1, LP: 0. Mackinac: between Cedarville and Hessel, on resin of Pinus, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3610. +Sarea resinae (Fr.) Kuntze - on conifer resin; UP: 2, LP: 4. Cheboygan: along Burt Lake, Reese’s Bog, on Larix, June 1974, Harris 8747. Schismatomma decolorans (Turner & Borrer ex Sm.) Clauzade & Vezda - corti- coloussUR I EPs30 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Brady Cove, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 47972 (MIN). Schismatomma pericleum (Ach.) Branth & Rostrup - corticolous, on coniferous and deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 0 Delta, Gogebic, Mackinac (MICH) (Harris 1977). Scoliciosporum chlorococcum (Stenh.) Vezda - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 9, LP: 41 Ingham: MSU Campus, N edge of Baker Woodlot, on Acer saccharinum, Apr 1974, Harris 8651.—Oscoda: E of Wagner Rd, about 7 mi S of Mio, Pinus banksiana woods, on Prunus, Sept 1973, Harris 8335. Scoliciosporum umbrinum (Ach.) Arnold - saxicolous, on siliceous and calcareous rocks: ORs, Eb: 20 Huron: me Huron, Point Aux Barques, Eagle Bay, sandstone quarry, May 1958, Imshaug 21547.—Roscommon: SW part of county, Pinus banksiana woods, May 1958, Imshaug 2133 Solorina saccata (L.) Ach. - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 4, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, along Lake Superior shore of John’s Island, June 1958, Wetmore 2065.— Marquette: N shore of Presque Isle Point, N of Marquette, on soil, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5403. 2A2 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Solorina spongiosa (Ach.) Anzi - terricolous, on calcareous soils; UP: 2, LP: 0. oe Pictured Rocks NL, Munising, Miners Falls, mossy rocks wet by spray, June 1933, Lowe 1674A (MICH).—Marquette: Huron Mountain Club, on vertical sandstone point, N exposure, exposed to wind, rain, and waves, but not He sun, May 1955, Manierre L2 (MICH). *Sphinctrina anglica Nyl. - lignicolous, and on Lecanora spp.; UP: 1, LP: 2. ae Isle Royale NP, W end of Minong Ridge Trail, on Thuja snag, July 1984, Wetmore 52378 (MIN).—Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, Good Harbor Bay, Shalda Creek, on Pinus banksiana, July 1987, Wetmore 58565 (MIN). *Sphinctrina leucopoda Nyl. - on Lecanora and Pertusaria spp.; UP: 2, LP: 0. Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus-Populus woods, on thallus of Pertusaria macounii, Sept 1972, Harris 7930B.—Keweenaw: Windigo, 2 mi NE of Windigo on Windigo Mine Trail, [lichenicolous] on Thuja, June 1958, Wetmore 1813B. *Sphinctrina turbinata (Pers.) De Not. - on Opegrapha and Pertusaria spp.; UP: 3, i aC P ae Pictured Rocks NL. 0.5 mi SSW of Miners Castle Point, July 1987, Wetmore 59590 (MIN).—Keweenaw: ee Royale NP, E of Rainbow Cove, [lichenicolous] on Thuja, July 1984, Wermore 51911 (M Spilonema revertens Nyl. - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Capt. Kidd Island, July 1959, Wetmore 4718 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Hawk Island, July 1984, Wetmore 53250 (MIN). Staurothele areolata (Ach.) Lettau - saxicolous, on siliceous and calcareous rocks; Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21350, 21354 (MIN). Staurothele clopimoides (Arnold) J. Stein - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP? Alger: Laughing Whitefish Point, on rocks, June 1933, Lowe 1892 (det. J.W. Thomson) (MICH).— Keweenaw: Fort Wilkins, on acid rocks above Lake Superior shore, July 1947, Thomson 3143 (det. J. W. Thomson) (MICH) Staurothele drummondii (Tuck.) Tuck. - saxicolous, on irrigated siliceous rocks; LG) nee DF ae) Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, on ye June 1958, Wetmore 2605; Isle Royale NP, West Caribou Island, July 1983, Wetmore 46674 (MIN). Staurothele fissa (Taylor) Zwackh. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21345 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, outside of Locke Point, July 1983, Wetmore 47410 (MIN Staurothele monicae (Zahlbr.) Wetmore - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, near Rock Harbor Lodge at site of W. S. Cooper’s study, rocky shore, on rock, June 1958, Wetmore 2625.—Mackinac: Lake Huron shore, W of Hessel, Sept 1966, Harris 1087. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 213 Steinia geophana (Ny].) Stein. - on calcareous soils and decaying wood; UP: 0, LP: 2. Clinton: Rose Lake Wildlife ee, Area, yous and Sphagnum bog near Observation Tower, May 1971, Common 266B.— : 4.9 mi W of Oscoda on River Rd, steep sandy banks near AuSable River, mostly Pinus, ee 1971, ae 302B. +Stenocybe major (Nyl.) Korber - corticolous, on bark of Abies; UP: 5, LP: 4. Baraga: Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on Abies, Sept 1972, Harris 8120.— Oscoda: along E branch of Big Creek upstream from Mapes Rd, Thuja-Picea swamp, on dead conifer, Sept 1973, Harris 8349. +Stenocybe pullatula (Ach.) Stein. - corticolous, on branches and trunk of Alnus; UP: 4, 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, 0.5 mi E of Long Point, on Alnus, July 1984, Wetmore 52662 (MIN).—Mackinac: NNW of Big Knob, on twigs of Alnus rugosa, May 1977, Harris 12244 (MIN) Stereocaulon condensatum Hoffm. - terricolous, open sandy soils; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Florke - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Passage Island, deeply shaded cliffs, on mossy rock, July 1959, Wetmore 5404; Pas- sage Island, on rock cliffs (deeply shaded), July 1959, Wetmore 5409. Stereocaulon glaucescens Tuck. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: W end of Huron Mountains, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5116, 5124. Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Hoffm. - open heaths, among mosses; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, along trail to Lake Richie, Moskey Basin near camp, on rock, July 1957, Wetmore 455; Isle Royale NP, S of Moskey Basin, on rocks along top of ridge, Aug 1957, Wetmore 664. Stereocaulon pileatum Ach. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, outside of Mott Island, on rocks, June 1957, Wetmore 229, Isle Royale NP, Lake Superior side of Mott Island, June 1957, Wetmore 231A. Stereocaulon saxatile H. Magn. - terricolous and saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: :8 Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Iron Ore Bay, on ground between Juniperus, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27706.—Mackinac: E of Cedarville, Populus woods, on pebbly soil, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3517. Stereocaulon subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Cliff Drive, 3 km S of Route 41, along base of cliff, June 1977, Malachowski 5678.— Marquette: Huron Mountains, Mt Ida, W side of Lake Ann, Tsuga, Acer, Betula, and Pinus, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4152. Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. - terricolous, open sandy soils; UP: 10, LP: 9 Chippewa: Munuscong State Forest, Oct 1975, Malachowski 1452B.—Dickinson: N of McGregor Creek, N 5 Ralph, old field, on soil, Sept 1971, Harris 7619. 214 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Sticta beauvoisii Delise - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Gogebic: 2 mi SE of Marenisco, on Thuja, July 1975, Harris 9997 (MIN). Sticta fuliginosa (Hoffm.) Ach. - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Hay Bay Swamp and along § side of river at end of Hay Bay, on underside of leaning Thuja in a wet area, June 1958, Wetmore 2511. Crees microhaema (Norman) R. Anderson - corticolous, on deciduous trees, WPA LPs 1), Gogebic: on Acer saccharum (Harris 1977). Strangospora ochrophora (Nyl.) R. Anderson - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: al Cheboygan: Carp Creek, a of the Gorge of Carp Creek, Univ. of Mich. Biological Station, on Ulmus, June 1967, Harris 36/6 Strigula stigmatella (Ach.) R. C. Harris - corticolous; UP: 7, LP: 3. Baraga: NE of Sturgeon River Campground, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, swamp, Sept 1972, Harris 7831.— Clare: Townline Creek Swamp, ca. 2 mi N of Long Lake, on Thuja, June 1973, Harris 8182. Strigula submuriformis (R. C. Harris) R. C. Harris - corticolous, on deciduous trees: UP: O-EPr 1. Washtenaw: near a on Bush Rd, just E of Mill Lake, on Quercus alba, Sept 1975, Harris 10333 (M Teloschistes chrysophthalmus (L.) Fr. - corticolous; UP: 0, LP: 1. Charlevoix: Beaver Island, bluff near Barney Lake, on Picea, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27746; Beaver Island, Green Bay, on Populus, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27824. Teloschistes flavicans (Sm.) Norm. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 0, LP: 1. Alpena: Thunder Bay (Harris 1977). Tephromela atra (Hudson) Hafellner - saxicolous, on siliceous and calcareous rock UP; Isr: 0, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Saginaw Point, July 1980, Wetmore 41379 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49588 (MIN). Thelidium minutulum Korber - saxicolous, on siliceous and calcareous rock; UP: 0, | see | Washtenaw: fields NW of Crooked Lake, Harris s.n. Thelidium olivaceum (Fr.) KOrber - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Chippewa: Dick State Forest Campground, NE of Trout Lake, Sept 1966, Harris 1036C. Thelidium papulare (Fr.) Arnold - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, S shore of Wright Island, on rock, June 1958, Wetmore 2441 A. Thelocarpon epibolum Nyl. - on decaying wood and peat; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Tobin Harbor, Aug 1972, Tibell 4703 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, outside of Locke Point, July 1983, Wetmore 47417 (MIN) 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 215 +Thelocarpon impressellum Nyl. - on mosses, dying lichens, decaying wood: UP: 1, IER: Mackinac: 40 mi W of St. Ignace, Aug 1977, Wetmore 29772 (MIN). Thelocarpon laureri (Flotow) Nyl. - terricolous and saxicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Tobin Harbor, Hidden Lake, on bridge, July 1983, Wetmore 49194 (MIN) Thelopsis melathelia Ny]. - over mosses and plant debris; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Capt. Kidd Island, July 1959, Wetmore 4716A (MIN). Thelotrema lepadinum (Ach.) Ach. - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Thermutis velutina (Ach.) Flotow - saxicolous, on damp siliceous and calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Smithwick Island, June 1958, Wetmore 1454; Isle Royale NP, Capt. Kidd Island, rocky shore, July 1959, Wetmore 4716A. Thrombium epigaeum (Pers.) Wallr. - terricolous, on mossy soils; UP: 0, LP: 2. Crawford: Grayling, Sept 1962, Wetmore s.n. (MIN).—Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, 3.5 mi NE of Glen Arbor, July 1987, Wetmore 58331 (MIN). Toninia ruginosa (Tuck.) Herre - terricolous, on mossy soils; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Toninia sedifolia (Scop.) Timdal - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks and soils; UP: 2, LP: 0 Chippewa: Prentiss Bay, along coast, on rock, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3794.—Mackinac: E of Cedar- ville, shore of Lake Huron, over rock, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3970 Toninia squalida (Ach.) A. Massal. - terricolous, on calcareous soils and mosses; UP: :0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21277 (MIN). Toninia superioris Timdal - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Edwards Island, July 1983, Wetmore 45492 (MIN - holotype). Trapelia coarctata (Sm.) M. Choisy - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 6. Alger: W of Kingston Lake, open fields, Sept 1970, Harris 6068.—Eaton: Grand Ledge, near Fitzgerald Park, in quarry, Oct 1968, Harris 3950. Trapelia involuta (Taylor) Hertel - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 5. Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, 2 mi S of Empire, gravel pit, June 1987, Wetmore 57905 (MIN); Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, | mi S of Glen Haven, farmsite, July 1987, Wetmore 58274 (MIN). Trapelia placodioides Coppins & P. James - saxicolous, on siliceous and calcare- ous rocks; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Mt Franklin, Aug 1972, Wetmore 21144 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Todd Harbor, Wilson Point, on shore, July 1983, Wetmore 48118 (MIN). 216 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Trapeliopsis flexuosa (Fr.) Coppins & P. James - lignicolous and corticolous; UP: 5, IEPRy, Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, W end of Long Lake, N of Crystal Lake, June 1987, Wetmore 58112 (MIN).—Keweenaw: Eagle River, Cliff Mine, on log, Aug 1972, Wetmore 20892 (MIN). mh des gelatinosa (Flérke) Coppins & P. James - terricolous, on humus-rich ol PA. Le; Keweenaw: Lake Superior, N side of Gay, shore of Lake Superior with low cliffs, and adjacent woods with Sphagnum and boulders, July 1976, lmshaug 59172; Isle Royale NP, SW of Feldtman Ridge (Turkey Ridge) tower along cliffs on N side of ridge, July 1959, Wetmore 4861. Trapeliopsis granulosa (Hoffm.) Lumbsch - terricolous, on humus-rich soil; UP: 13, LP: 26 Baraga: E of Sturgeon River Campground, about 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, Pinus-Populus woods, Sept 1972, Harris 7946.—Delta: Isabella, near Camp 7 lake NW of Isabella, old field, Sept 1969, Harris 4061. Trapeliopsis viridescens (Schrader) Coppins & P. James - decaying wood and soil; Rs 14 Baraga: Falls River, L’Anse, Sept 1949, Imshaug 5056.—Emmet: Wilderness State Park, Mount Nebo Trail, soil crust, June 1961, /mshaug 27354 Trichothelium aeneum (Wallr.) R. C. Harris (syn. Psewdosegidium aenea) - corti- colous, smooth bark of deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw (Harris 1977). Trypethelium virens Tuck. ex Michner - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, Charlevoix: Beaver Island, Lake Geneserath, on Fagus, Aug 1961, Imshaug 27490.—Ingham: MSU Campus, middle of Baker Woodlot, on Fagus, Nov 1973, Harris 8524. Tuckermannopsis americana (Sprengel) Hale - corticolous, on coniferous and decidu- ous trees: LP 2) Po 0. Alger: 2.5 km N of Little Beaver Lake Campground, beach with Pinus strobus, Betula, and Acer, on Betula papyrifera, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3062.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, in Hay Bay swamp and along river at end of Hay Bay, on Abies, June 1958, Wetmore 2492. Tuckermannopsis ciliaris (A.ch.) Gyelnik - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 15, 1 Sa Baraga: Lake Superior, 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore with Pinus banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, on Pinus divaricata, July 1977, Malachowski 6369B.— Chippewa: | km W of the mouth of Tahquamenon river, in Abies, Picea, Larix, Acer, Betula, Populus forest, on a conifer, July 1977, Malachowski 725 Tuckermannopsis fendleri (Nyl.) Hale - corticolous, on coniferous trees; UP: 0, 1 Ess Oscoda: near Wagner Lake, ca. 7 mi S of Mio, dry Pinus banksiana-Quercus woods, on Pinus divaricata, Sept 1973, Harris 8186A.—Roscommon: SW portion of county, Pinus banksiana woods, on Pinus divaricata, May 1958, Imshaug 21340. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN PANGS Tuckermannopsis orbata (Nyl.) M. J. Lai - corticolous, on coniferous and decidu- ous trees; UP: 2, LP: 1. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL; Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP; Leelanau: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL (Wetmore 1997). Tuckermannopsis sepincola (Ehrh.) Hale - corticolous, on trees and shrubs; UP: 2, ER. 0 Chippewa: Bayview Campground, along shore of Lake ee in Acer, Betula, Pinus banksiana forest, on Pinus divaricata, July 1977, Malachowski 7268C.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, 500 m of N end of Mountain Lake, S of Mt Stream, on log, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3672A Umbilicaria americana Poelt & T. Nash - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, W of Mt Ojibway, July 1983, Wetmore 47891 (MIN); Isle Royale NP, Net Island (NE of Amygdaloid Island), July 1984, Wetmore 51425 (MIN). Umbilicaria deusta (L.) Baumg. - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 4, LP: 1. Chippewa: E side of Big Shoal Cove, scattered Thuja with ae limestone pavement and low Juniperus, on non-calcareous erratic, Oct 1976, Imshaug 59969 weenaw: on Cliff Drive, 3 km S of Route 41, along base of cliff, June 1977, Malachowski ar Umbilicaria hyperborea (Ach.) Hoffm. - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, N side of Mt Ojibway, on a rock cliff, June 1958, Wetmore 2292 B.— Marquette: Huron Mountains, hilltop on W side of Huron Mountains, Sept 1949, Imshaug 4400. Umbilicaria mammulata (Ach.) Tuck. - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Lake Superior, along survey line 125 from baseline to Lake Superior, hilly and an area with Abies and Thuja, next to rock outcrop, June 1968, Erbisch 2648.—Marquette: n Mountains, N end of Mountain Lake, mostly Acer, some Pinus, steep hillside, on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3457. Umbilicaria muehlenbergii (Ach.) Tuck. - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: 3km S$ of Route 41, along base of cliff on Cliff Drive, June 1977, Malachowski 669.—Marquette: Huron Mountains, N end of Mountain Lake, steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer and some Pinus, on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3569. Umbilicaria phaea Tuck. - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Hawk Island, July 1984, Wetmore 53235 (MIN). Umbilicaria polyphylla (L.) Baumg. - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Moskey Basin, at end of Rock Harbor near trail to Lake Richie, July 1957, Wetmore 454. Unmbilicaria torrefacta (Lightf.) Schrader - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Mt Franklin, near Rock Harbor shore, near trail to Mt Franklin, on rock, June 1958, Wetmore 1688; Isle Royale NP, N side of Mt Ojibway, on rock cliff, June 1958, Wetmore 2292A. Umbilicaria vellea (L.) Hoffm. - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 4, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Mountain Lake, steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer and some Pinus, on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, Malachowski 3447,—Ontonagon: Porcupine Mountains, along summit of escarpment above Lake of the Clouds, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20441. 218 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Umbilicaria virginis Schaerer - saxicolous, on siliceous rock; UP: 1, LP: 0. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999). Usnea angulata Ach. - corticolous; UP: 0, LP: 1. Leelanau: (Harris 1977). Usnea cavernosa Tuck. - corticolous; UP: 13, LP: 2. Keweenaw: along base of cliff on Cliff Drive, 3 km S of Route 41, on Abies, June 1977, Mala- chowski 5663; Isle Royale si Malone Bay, ca. 200 m E of ranger station, boggy area, on Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 5 Usnea ceratina Ach. - corticolous; UP: 8, LP: 1. Marquette: Huron Mountain Club, along Salmon-Trout River, 1.2 km N of entrance to Huron Mountain Club, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4270.—Ontonagon: Manabezno Falls, Big Presque Isle River, Tsuga, Betula, Thuja, and Pinus woods, on Tsuga, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5603 Usnea cornuta K6rber - corticolous and saxicolous; UP: 3, LP: 0. Chippewa: bog about | mi E of Mackinac Co. on Mich 134, Aug 1949, Imshaug 3347.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Island Mine Trail, between Island Mine and Greenstone Ridge, July 1959, Wetmore 4938. Usnea diplotypus Vainio - saxicolous; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw, Ontonagon: (P. Clerc, pers. comm.). Usnea filipendula Stirton - corticolous; UP: 11, LP: 1. Keweenaw: 350 m N of Mendota Canal, Bete Grise Bay, along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula, and Acer woods, on Acer, Oct 1976, Malachowski 5027, Isle Royale NP, 100 m W of Hay Bay Campground, in Betu/a-Abies forest, on Betula, June 1977, Malachowski 5820. Usnea fulvoreagens (Rasanen) Risdnen - corticolous; UP: 10, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Lake Superior, 1.2 km past end of Route 41 on hill overlooking Lake Superior, in Abies, Betula woods, on Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 5711, Isle Royale NP, 100 m W of Hay Bay Campground, in Betula, Abies forest, on Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 5813. Usnea glabrescens (Nyl. ex Vainio) Vainio ex Riasanen - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Monkey Basin at end of Rock Harbor, on dock, July 1957, Wetmore 421B.—tLuce: off Lake Superior near Deer Park, low dunes, on Betula, Aug 1957, Imshaug 20323C Usnea hirta (L.) F. H. Wigg. - corticolous and on lignum; UP: 14, LP: 20. Alger: Kingston Lake, SW of Grand Marais, Sept 1964, Harris s.n.—Baraga: Lake Superior, 500 m W of mouth of Huron River, sandy shore, with Pinus banksiana and scattered Acer and Pinus resinosa, on Acer, July 1977, Malachowski 6363 Usnea lapponica Vainio - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 1. Cheboygan: Reese’s Bog, N shore of Burt Lake, on Thuja, July 1949, Imshaug 2986.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on S shore of Amygdaloid Lake on Amygdaloid Island, on Abies, July 1959, Wetmore |4061A] & Herre. Usnea longissima Ach. - corticolous; UP: 4, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, on S side of Chippewa Harbor, ca. 1.5 km SW of harbor mouth, in Thuja, Betula, Abies forest, on Betula alleghaniensis, June 1977, Malachowski 5931.—Marquette: 1.2 km N of entrance to Huron Mountain Club, along Salmon-Trout River, on Tsuga, Oct 1976, Malachowski 4232. 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 219 Usnea mutabilis Stirton - corticolous and on lignum; UP: 0, LP: 1. Washtenaw: Ann Arbor, on fence, Nov 1895, Johnson s.n. (det. R. C. Harris) (MICH). Usnea rubicunda Stirton - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 0. Iron: (P. Clerc, pers. comm.). Usnea subfloridana Stirton - corticolous; UP: 12, LP: 9. Alger: | km E of Hurricane River Campground along shore of Lake Superior, Abies, Betula alleghaniensis, Acer, and Thuja, Oct 1976, Malachowski 2594.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP along shore of Duncan Bay and up hillside below Lookout Louise, on Populus tremuloides, July 1977, Malachowski 6318. Usnea subfusca Stirton - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Mackinac: St. Ignace, July 1909, Wilson s.n. (MIN). Usnea subscrabosa Mot. - corticolous, lignicolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Iron, Marquette: (P. Clerc, pers. comm.). Usnea substerilis Mot. - corticolous; UP: 3, LP: 1. Alger, Cheboygan, Iron, Keweenaw (incl. Isle Royale), Marquette: (P. Clerc, pers. comm.). Usnea wasmuthii Raésdnen - corticolous; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP; Iron: (P. Clerc, pers. comm.). Verrucaria aethiobola Wahlenb. - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, July 1983, Wetmore 49563 (MIN).— Menominee: Big Cedar Campground, N of Cedar River, river bed, Sept 1965, Harris 731B. Verrucaria elaeomelaena (A. Massal.) Arnold - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, SE of Huginnin Cove, on rocks in stream, July 1984, Wetmore 52446 (MIN). Verrucaria funckii (Sprengel) Zahlbr. - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; UP: 0, ERA Benzie: Sleeping Bear Dunes NL, W end of Long Lake, N of Crystal Lake, June 1987, Wetmore 58129 (MIN). Verrucaria glaucovirens Grummann - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Davidson Island, Aug 1972, Thomson 72307 (MIN). Verrucaria margacea (Wahlenb.) Wahlenb. - saxicolous, on damp siliceous rocks; WE. |): Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Verrucaria muralis Ach. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 5, LP: 14. Delta: Isabella, on USFS 2231 1.5 mi W of USFS 2226, NW of Isabella, limestone ballast pit, ept 1969, Harris 4225.—Mackinac: along Mich. Hwy 123, S. of Ozark, shaded limestone outcrop, Sept 1966, Harris 1073A. Verrucaria nigrescens Pers. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 3, LP: 1. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). 220 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Verrucaria rheitrophila Zschacke - inundated rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Luce: Tahquamenon River, banks of Tahquamenon River, Tahquamenon State Park, partially submerged rocks, Sept 1966, Harris 1138, 1139 Verrucaria viridula (Schracler) Ach. - calcareous (? and siliceous) rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP (Wetmore 1997). Vulpicida pinastri (Scop.) J.-E. Mattsson & M. J. Lai - corticolous, on deciduous and coniferous trees; UP: 12, LP: 10. Chippewa: Whitefish Point, Oct 1975, Malachowski 1526.—Luce: Lake Superior Campground, Lake Superior State Forest, Oct 1975, Malachowski 1608 Xanthoparmelia angustiphylla (Gyelnik) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; 0 ’ ee along Sturgeon River upstream from bridge, 5 mi NE of Sidnaw, on rock at river’s edge, , Harris 8079.—Keweenaw: High Rock Bay, along shore of Lake Superior, Abies aes Pl, Bele and Pinus strobus woods, on rock, Oct 1976, MAlesho dae 4705. Xanthoparmelia conspersa (Ehrh. ex Ach.) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; Ps 7. Cre) Chippewa: Drummond Island, E of Bruce ie oe field, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60075.—Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Mountain L eep rocky hillside with mostly Acer and some Pinus, on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, ae 3460, Xanthoparmelia cumberlandia (Gyelnik) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; DP oP 6 Ce oar oe N side of Cheboygan Rd (old Mackinaw Rd), 9 mi ESE of Mackinaw City, on boulde rdwood forest, June 1973, Wang /23.—Marquette: Huron Mountain, N end of Meanie in ce n steep rocky hillside with mostly Acer and some Pinus, on granite cliff face, Oct 1976, te en 3502. Xanthoparmelia hypomelaena (Hale) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 0, Be Washtenaw: NE of Crooked Lake, old fields, July 1976, Harris 11646 (MICH). Xanthoparmelia lineola (E. C. Berry) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, BP: Marquette: Huron Mountain Club (Manierre 1999), Xanthoparmelia mexicana (Gyelnik) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Long Island, on rock, July 1959, Wetmore 5059. Xanthoparmelia plittii (Gyelnik) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 3. Barry: W shore of Otis Lake, on small glacial erratic, July 1965, Harris 307.—Clinton: Rose Lake Game Area, SE of junction of Clark and Peacock Rds, on glacial erratic, Apr 1969, Harris 3997. Xanthoparmelia somloénsis (Gyelnik) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 6, | bs G6) Chippewa: Bruce Point, old field E of Bruce Point, Oct 1976, Ee 60064.—Keweenaw: summit of bluffs at top of Mt Brockway, July 1976, Imshaug 59215 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN 221 Xanthoparmelia tasmanica (Hook. f. & Taylor) Hale - saxicolous, on siliceous rocks; UP: 1, LP: 0 Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, NE tip of Passage Island, July 1983, Wetmore 47545 (MIN). Xanthoria candelaria (L.) Th. Fr. - corticolous and saxicolous; UP: 2, LP: 0. ore Great Conglomerate Falls, Black River near Lake Superior, Sept 1957, Imshaug A.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, near light at Blake Point, on rocks, Aug 1957, Wetmore 548C. Xanthoria elegans (Link) Th. Fr. - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 7, LP: 2. Emmet: Wilderness State Park, Waugoshance Point, June 1961, /mshaug 27311.—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Hay Point, in parkland like community of Fraxinus, Betula, Thuja, and Abies, June 1977, Malachowski 5892. Xanthoria fallax (Hepp) Arnold - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 21. Barry: near Gun Lake, on Quercus alba, June 1957, Imshaug 19783.—Chippewa: Drummond Island, along road at Drummond airport, on Acer, Oct 1976, Imshaug 60155. Xanthoria fulva (Hoffm.) Poelt & Petutschnig - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UPs.05 P22 Eaton: Grand Ledge, S of N River Hwy, on Quercus, Aug 2000, Fryday 8005.—Ingham: 1960, Brodo 383 (CANL) (Lindblom 1997). Xanthoria hasseana Rasdnen - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 3, LP: 4. rrien: gee Dunes SP, E of beach parking lot, on Populus deltoides, June 1985, Wetmore a (MIN).—Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Point Hay, on Populus tremuloides, July 1983, Wet more 49] 5 (MIN). Xanthoria polycarpa (Hoffm.) Rieber - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 13, Cee ay) ippewa: along shore of Lake Superior, Bayview Campground, in Acer, Betula, Pinus banksi- ana forest, on Populus tremuloides, July 1977, Malachowski 7290B.—Keweenaw: along the shore of Blakes Point, in Thuja, Abies, Betula forest, on Populus tremuloides, June 1977, WancnoWieke O000A Xanthoria sorediata (Vainio) Poelt - saxicolous, on calcareous rocks; UP: 2, LP: 0. Keweenaw: shore of Lake Superior, Five-Mile Point, Sept 1957, Jmshaug 20876; Isle Royale NP, along shore of Capt. Kidd Island, facing NW and exposed to Lake Superior, July 1959, Wetmore 46 Xanthoria ulophyllodes Rasanen - corticolous, on deciduous trees; UP: 1, LP: 3. Allegan: E of Round Lake, around bog, on Quercus, Sept 1957, Imshaug 20950— Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, N of Conglomerate Bay, July 1983, Wetmore 495// (MIN). Xylographa disseminata Willey - on coniferous lignum; UP: 1, LP: 0. Alger: Pictured Rocks NL, NW of Beaver Lake, at ridge, on Pinus stump, July 1987, Wetmore 59453 (MIN) Xylographa parellela (Ach.) Behlen & Desberger - on coniferous lignum; UP: 1, LP: 0 oe Isle Royale NP, S side of Tonkin Bay, July 1980, Wetmore ee (MIN); Isle Royale P, Rock Harbor, Heron Island, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 49677 (MIN). Ae) CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Xylographa vitiligo (Ach.) J. R. Laundon - on coniferous lignum; UP: 1, LP: 0. Keweenaw: Isle Royale NP, Moskey Basin, NE side, on Thuja, July 1983, Wetmore 48313 (MIN): Isle Royale NP, N of Robinson Bay, on Thuja log, July 1983, Wetmore 49688 (MIN). EXCLUDED SPECIES The following taxa have been recorded or reported from Michigan but are not included in the Checklist. Dusious LOCALITIES Alectoria sarmentosa subsp. sarmentosa (Nyl.) D. Hawksw. - There is one luxuriant specimen in MSC, which has ae ee ie ca as an associated species. The collection is labelled “collected at at ich; C. J. W. 1901,” which is in Alger County. I. M. Brodo (Nov 1973) annotated the ae “this specimen is almost certainly mislabelled. Not only ~ A, elicial un- known for this area, but P. glauca is also very unco ” The collection was originally deter- mined as Usnea oe. which is known from ea area, It is tana that this ES of Alectoria sarmentosa originated from outside the Great Lakes area and had been inadvertently switched with a specimen of Usnea longissima collected from Chatham. eae Ul eesigl Nyl. - The specimen at MICH associated with the label “Smith, AH, s.n.” [on ees n Arbor, July 1932] probably originated from outside Michigan. This species is ee ine in North America from only Florida and Louisiana. Dusious DETERMINATIONS Arthopyrenia cinereopruinosa (Schaerer) A. Massal.—A specimen in MICH from Keweenaw (Isle Royale NP) described as “like A. lapponica, but smaller in all respects” by Harris (1977) is probably this species. Aspicilia calcarea (L.) Mudd—Most Michigan records appear to be referable to _A. contorta (C. Wetmore, pers. comm. ). Bryorta lanestris (Ach.) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Bryoria nadvornikiana (Gyelnik) Brodo & D. Hawksw. Calicium italicum—nomen confusum Caloplaca cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr.—Records of this species from Keweenaw (Isle Royale NP) are misidentifica Wetmore & Karnefelt 1999), Cladonia subtenuis (Abbayes) Hale & Culb. Dermatocarpon reticulatum H. Magn. Lasallia Eee (L.) Mérat. Physconia enteroxantha (Nyl.) Poelt—The only Michigan records of this species are from Sleeping Bear Dunes NL. These have soredia that react weakly K+ yellow but lack a yellow medulla and soredia and are probably referable to P. detersa (Wetmore 1988). Physcia tribacia (Ach.) Nyl.—Two collections in MICH from Keweenaw (Isle Royale NP) and Che- boygan are probably misidentified. Rhizocarpon concentricum (Davies) Beltr.—Records are referable to R. obscuratum or R. petraeum. MISIDENTIFICATIONS FOR NORTH AMERICA Anaptychia ciliaris (L.) Kérber ey ae America = A. setifera). Arthopyrenia rhyponta (Ach.) A al. Bacidia ee (Nyl.) nema North American specimens are misidentifications Cotas 1996). The two specimens in MICH are on loan to LD, so Ekman presumably has seen thes Bacidia oe (Borrer ex Hook.) A Bacidia sabulerorum (Schreber) Lettau on Mycobilimbia sabuletorum)—This species probably does n North America (Ekman 1996). Reyne ire (Wallr.) R. C. Harris. Lecanora argopholis (Ach.) Ach. (L. frustulosa for North America). 2001 FRYDAY ET AL.: LICHENS AND ALLIED FUNGI OF MICHIGAN Pir) Lopadium pezizoideum (Ach.) Kérber—All records from Michigan are referable to L. disciforme. Ochrolechia pallescens (L.) A. Massal. Pertusaria pertusa (for North America = P. consocians). Physconia distorta (With.) J. R. Laundon. Physconia grisea (Lam.) Poelt. Pyrenula nitida (Weigel) Ach. Ramalina fastigiata (Pers.) Ach.—Most North American records are referable to R. americana. Rhizocarpon plicatile (Leighton) A. L. Smith—Specimens previously placed here are referable to R. obscuratum or R. rubescens. Sticta wiegelii (Ach.) Vainio (= Sticta beauvoisii). Usnea plicata (L.) Weber Xanthoparmelia hypopsila (Mill. Arg.) Hale—Most specimens are X. angustiphylla. Xanthoparmelia taractica (Kremp.) Hale—Specimens from eastern North America are mostly X. loénsis) SOMUOEHSIS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We acknowledge a grant from the National Science Foundation cro -9808735; Alan Prather, PI) to Michigan State University, and access to the collections at MSC. We thank who kindly made available to us data of all the lichen collections from icean held in the ae of the University of Minnesota (MIN). We are also grateful to the director of the University of Michi- gan Herbarium (MICH) for allowing us free access to the collection, and to P. Clerc (Geneva), T. Feuerer (Hamburg), and T. Trana (Lansing) for providing us with their unpublished data on the Michigan distribution of Usnea, Rhizocarpon, and Japewia, respectively. LITERATURE CITED eee T. L. 1997. A cumulative checklist for the lichen-forming, lichenicolous and allied fungi of e continental United States and CAME toi IDE LOWE) aa eo eps “7 / Www Isu.nodak.edu/inst li (First posted 1 December 1997, most recent update 15 May Lae Fargo, North Dakot Esslinger, T. L., and R. S. Egan. 1995. A sixth checklist for the lichen- Ree eae and allied fungi a the eee United States and Canada. Bryologist 94(4): 4 49. Ekman, S. 1996. The corticolous and lignicolous species of Bacidia and ee in North America. Opera Bot. 127: 1-148. Gowan, S. P 1989. The lichen genus us (Porpidiaceae) in North America. cece 92: 25-59. Harris, R. C. 1973. The corticolous pyrenolichens of the Great Lakes region. Michigan Bot. 12: 3-68. . 1977. Lichens of the Straits ee Michigan. Published by the author Knoph, J. G., and C. Leuckert. 1994. Chemotaxonomic studies in the saxicolous precise of the lichen genus Lecidella Ge cauctales) Lecanoraceae) 1 in America. Nova ee 59: 455-508. pe se S. 1999. A genetic evaluation of the Ramalina americana chemotype complex (Lichenized- ungi, Reronccune Ramalinaceae) based on rDNA ITS sequence data. Bryologist 102: 602-618. eed L. 1997. The genus Xanthoria (Fr.) Th. Fr. in North America. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 83: 75-172. Lutzoni, F. 1994. Jonaspis alba (Ascomycotina, Hymeneliaceae), a new lichen species from eastern North America. Bryologist 97: 393-295. Manierre, W. R. 1999. Bryophytes and lichens of the Huron Mountain Club. Evansia 16: 153-166. Medlin, J. J. 1996. eae lichens. Cranbrook Institute of Science Bulletin 60. Bloomfield Hills: Cranbrook Institute of Santesson, R. 1993. The oe aaa enenie olous fungi of Sweden and Norway. Lund: SBT- ase Thomson, J. W. (in press). Lichens of Wisconsin, Madison: University of Wisconsin Herbarium. wenbore C. M. 1988. Lichens of Sleeping Bear Dunes National Lakeshore, Michigan Bot. 27: 11 118. . 1996. The pee sideritis group in North and Central America. eee 99: 292-314. ———.. 1997. Biological Resource Division, US Geological Survey; Lichens: Reece anes : : Saeed Keys to the lichens of Minnesota. St. Paul, Minnesota: University of Minnesota. Wetmore, C. M., and E. I. Karnefelt. 1999. What is Caloplaca cinnabarina? Bryologist 102: 683-691. Wong, P. Y., oT M. Brodo. 1992. The Lichens of Southern Ontario, Canada. Syllogeus 69: 1-79. oe > , a - ) Cc > > cc, - - ee a . = —_ aaa Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 225-270. 2001. TALIPARITI (MALVACEAE), A SEGREGATE FROM HIBISCUS Paul A. Fryxell Section of Integrative Biology School of Biological Sciences University of Texas Austin, Texas 78712 AsstRact. Talipariti is segregated from Hibiscus L. in generic rank and described as new. In the past it has been variously treated in sectional rank, as Hibiscus sect. Azanzae DC., or in generic rank, either under the name Pariti Adans. or under the name Paritium A. St.-Hil., both of which are illegitimate (nom. rejic.). The circumscription of the group has been narrowed over previous inter- pretations by the exclusion of several species that evidently have other affinities. The narrowed group is here interpreted to have 22 species, one including two varieties. One new species is proposed, Talipariti bowersiae. The genus is largely tropical, although one species reaches temperate climates in Japan and Korea. Talipariti is found in Southeast Asia, New Guinea, the Greater and Lesser Antilles, and along the coasts of Australia, India, South and Central America, and islands of the Indian and Pacific Oceans. Several species have been taken into cultivation to some extent, largely as ornamen- tal trees or shade trees, and one species (7. efatum) has been the subject of plantings on a small scale for timber production. INTRODUCTION Hibiscus tiliaceus var. tiliaceus is a widespread and well-known tropical and subtropical strand species. Its natural distribution is largely Old World, on the shores of the Indian Ocean and around much of the Pacific Basin. It is also sometimes cultivated elsewhere as a shade tree or as an ornamental flowering tree. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. pernambucensis (Arruda) I. M. Johnst. is its equally abundant New World vicariad, occurring on both the Atlantic and Pacific shores of the American tropics. A small group of additional species, each of more limited distribution, centers taxonomically on these two taxa, and together they form a natural group, sometimes treated in sectional rank within Hibiscus, sometimes separated from Hibiscus and treated in generic rank. At the other extreme, these taxa are sometimes thrown together uncritically into one or a few species. Giirke (1892), for example, lumped at least four species (as recognized here) into a broadly conceived and heterogeneous H. tiliaceus, and Borssum Waalkes (1966) combined six species (as treated here) into one species (H. tiliaceus), treated as six subspecies. The index to botanical names at the end of this paper lists 19 names of infraspecific taxa in Hibiscus tiliaceus (including various ranks and com- binations), indicating some of the past history of thinking on these plants. Hibiscus tiliaceus and its allies are here excluded from Hibiscus and placed in a segregate genus comprising 22 species. Because the previously applied generic names are illegitimate, the new name Talipariti is proposed. TAXONOMIC HISTORY When recognized in generic rank, the group has been treated under either of two names, Pariti Adans. or Paritium A. St.-Hil. Nicolson et al. (1988) state that 225 226 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Pariti Adans. (1763) is an illegitimate renaming of Hibiscus L. (1753), but this interpretation is incorrect (D. H. Nicolson, pers. comm.). In proposing the genus Pariti, Adanson (1763) cited three elements: 1) Hortus Malabaricus of Rheede (1678), vol. 1, pl. 30; 2) the name ‘Bupariti,’ from Hortus Malabaricus, vol. 1, pl. 29, which was the basis for the generic name by Duhamel (1760); and 3) two species of Hibiscus, numbers 3 and 4, from Linnaeus’s Species Plantarum (1753: 694). These two Linnaean species are 3. H. populneus L. and 4. H. tiliaceus L.:; for the former, Linnaeus cited Rheede’s plate 29 and for the latter Rheede’s plate 30. Adanson therefore did not rename the genus Hibiscus, but rather selected two of Linnaeus’s 20 species of Hibiscus and proposed them to be a segregate genus. The name Thespesia Sol. ex Corréa has been conserved over Bupariti Duhamel. The species depicted in Rheede’s plate 29 is now recognized as Thespesia populnea (L.) Sol. ex Corréa. The plant shown in plate 30 is Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Duhamel (1760) published the generic name Bupariti, taking the name directly and explicitly from the vernacular name given by Rheede (1678). In addition to citing Rheede’s description of ‘Bupariti,’ he also cited Linnaeus’s polynomial phrase name for Hibiscus populneus L., which is therefore the type of the generic name Bupariti. Three years later, Adanson (1763) published the generic name Pariti, citing in the synonymy Bupariti Duhamel. Thus, Adanson’s name is a nomen superfluum, and it has the same type (Hibiscus populneus) as the name that he should have adopted, viz. Bupariti. Thus, both Bupariti and Pariti are homotypic synonyms of Thespesia, which 1s conserved over Bupariti. St.-Hilaire (1828) proposed the name Paritium as an orthographic variant of Pariti, which he cited in synonymy. Thus it, too, has the same type as both Pariti and Bupariti, and it, too, must be rejected against the conserved Thespesia (ICBN, Art. 14.4). Therefore, none of the generic names that have been applied to the species under discussion here are in fact applicable, except Hibiscus itself if one chooses to retain them within this heterogeneous assemblage. The sectional name, Hibiscus sect. Azanzae DC., cannot be elevated to generic rank because it would then become a later homonym of the name Azanza Alef. (Bot. Zeit. 19: 298. 1861), which is typified by Azanza lampas (Cav.) Alef. [=Thespesia lampas (Cav.) Dalzell & Gibson]. Britton’s (1918) lectotypification of Pariti with Hibiscus tiliaceus is therefore in error, and St.-Hilaire’s establishment of Paritium on the basis of the single species Hibiscus tiliaceus is also in error, since both are typified by Hibiscus populneus, which is the type of Thespesia by conservation. Since none of the generic names here cited can be applied to the group discussed, a new name is required and is supplied here, taken from the vernacular name ‘Talipariti’ of Rheede’s (1678) reference to his plate 30, headed ‘Pariti, seu Tali-Pariti.’ The etymology of the name is found in Nicolson et al. (1988). ‘Pariti’ “is a general reference to Hibiscus,” and the prefix ‘Tali-’ “means slimy and bark strips contain mucilage [and are] used by native women for shampoo.” Subsequent authors who have treated these species as generically distinct from Hibiscus have either used the name Pariti (e.g., Britton 1918: Britton & Millspaugh 1920; Britton & Wilson 1924; Williams & Cheesman 1929; Small 1933; Gooding et al. 1965; Airy-Shaw 1966; Dandy 1967) or they have used the name Paritium (e.g., Wight & Arnott 1834; Walpers 1842; Gray 1854; Grisebach 1859; 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI Popag Baillon 1875; Eggers 1879; Hillebrand 1888; Duss 1897; Questel 1941). Similarly, those authors who have retained the species in Hibiscus have cited synonyms either as in Pariti (e.g., Kearney 1955; Correll & Correll 1982; Proctor 1984; Nicolson et al. 1988) or as in Paritium (e.g., Steudel 1841; Bentham & Hooker 1863; Seemann 1865-1873; Hooker 1872; Boldingh 1909; Urban 1910, 1920; Ewart & Davies 1917; Ridley 1922; Sauget & Liogier 1953; Bates 1965; Walker 1976; Fournet 1978; Sivarajan & Pradeep 1996). Only Kearney (1951) and Hutchinson (1967) have cited both Pariti and Paritium as synonyms of Hibiscus. Hooker and Arnott (1841) equivocally include these species sometimes in Hibiscus, sometimes in Paritium. Numerous other authors have included them in Hibiscus without the citation of synonyms. Nevertheless, there is clearly a strong sentiment for segre- gating this group from Hibiscus, but divided opinion on whether to use the name Pariti or the name Paritium:; recent authors favored the name Pariti, earlier au- thors tended to use Paritium. As shown above, neither name can be used. Mabberley (1987) and Wielgorskaya (1995), presumably following Jndex Nomi- num Genericorum, state that Pariti is the same as (i.e., a synonym of) Thespesia but give no explanation; however, the line of reasoning elaborated above justifies this position. There remains the question of the gender of the generic name. Adanson did not indicate the gender of Pariti. According to Art. 62.3 (ICBN), its gender is that indicated by the “next subsequent author” who used the name and who must be followed. In the present case, this would evidently be Voigt (1845), who treated the name Pariti as neuter. Since the name Talipariti is etymologically equivalent to the name Pariti, this precedent will be followed and Talipariti is also treated as neuter. Candolle’s conception of Hibiscus sect. Azanzae was broadened by Hochreu- tiner (1900) to include other species in addition to those that pertain to the group discussed here. Borssum Waalkes (1956, 1966) also included species of Hibiscus sect. Azanzae that do not pertain to the genus Talipariti (see below). The type of Hibiscus sect. Azanzae (Hibiscus azanzae) is a synonym of Talipariti elatum, so that sect. Azanzae is correctly a synonym of the genus Talipariti, though with a narrowed circumscription. Borssum Waalkes (1956) described a number of new species of Hibiscus and placed them in H. sect. Azanzae. On the basis of the descriptions and illustrations, some of these can be recognized as belonging to Talipariti, others are probably to be excluded. Clearly included in Talipariti on the basis of the nature of the stipules and stipule scars are H. aruensis, H. borneensis, H. leeuwenii, H. fluminis-iden- burgii, H. archboldianus, H. lepidotus, and H. pseudotiliaceus, H. ellipticifolius has the distinctive calyx nectaries, as well as the characteristic stipules. Although these prominent nectaries are curiously not mentioned in the original description, they are later noted by Borssum Waalkes (1966) as characteristic of H. ellipticifolius. Other species included by Borssum Waalkes in Hibiscus sect. Azanza (Borssum Waalkes 1966) are here excluded from Talipariti and are omitted from the present treatment. These are Hibiscus carrii Borss. Waalk. (type: Carr 13219, A! L! NY!), Hibiscus floccosus Masters (type: Maingay 216, GH! K! L!), Hibiscus sciadolepi- dus (Hochr.) Borss. Waalk. (type: Janowsky 402, L!), Hibiscus pulvinulifer Borss. Waalk. (type: Docters van Leeuwen 9280, A! K! L!), Hibiscus decaspermus Koord. & Valeton (type: Koorders 4561, K! L!), and Hibiscus teijsmannii Borss. Waalk. (type: Teijsmann 12597, L!), all of which appear to have other affinities. 228 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 DELIMITATION OF TALIPARITI The salient distinguishing features of Talipariti include the following charac- teristics. 1) Large, often more or less oblong stipules (Figs. 1, 5), pairs of which enclose and conceal the developing terminal bud, but which are deciduous, leaving char- acteristic annular scars. The nature of the stipules (form and placement) and of their scars is virtually diagnostic. They reach their most developed (exaggerated) form in 7. macrophyllum (Fig. 1a), sometimes reaching a size of 11 cm long and 3 cm wide in this species. 2) Calyx lobes with nectaries on the midribs (Figs. 2i, 5b), present in some (but not all) species of Yalipariti. Nectaries on the calyx lobes are otherwise unknown in the Malvaceae, with the exception of most species of Hibiscus sect. Furcaria DC., a group that is evidently not allied to and which cannot be be confused with Talipariti. 3) Distinctive fruit structure (a 5-valved capsule with “false dissepiments” that make it seem imperfectly 10-loculed). Borssum Waalkes (1956) notes that some species (¢.g., 7. dalbertisii) possess these false dissepiments and other species (e.g., TZ. macrophyllum) do not. Further studies of comparative anatomy (especially of the development of the false dissepiments) of the fruit structure in Talipariti, as compared to other representatives of Hibiscus sens. lat., are warranted to evaluate the significance of capsule structure in defining Talipariti. Observations of several of the species with mature fruits, however, indicate that the 5-valved capsules at maturity have endocarps that separate from the exocarp and maintain their integ- rity as two separate halves. Thus, a mature 5-valved capsule may appear to be 10- valved and is sometimes so described in the literature. In my opinion, the fruits of Yalipariti are uniformly S-carpelled, as is true of the entire tribe Hibisceae (with the rarest of exceptions), and that those descriptions of species of Talipariti that say “10-carpelled” are in error. Some species have a gamophyllous, cupuliform involucel with numerous dentate or lanceolate teeth, the involucel generally shorter than the calyx but occasionally subequal to the calyx (Fig. 2a, 2d-j). This character is distinctive of many species of Talipariti, but other species (especially those from New Guinea) have 5 to 10 distinct involucellar bracts, presumably representing a less special- ized condition (Fig. 2k-r). 5) A relatively large chromosome number is characteristic, insofar as the species are known cytologically. Counts are reported in the literature (Youngman 1927, Longley 1933; Skovsted 1935, 1941; Skottsberg 1955; Pushparajan et al. 1986; Butorina et al. 1990) of 2n = ca. 80, 2n = 90, 2n = ca. 92, 2n = ca. 96, and 2n = 120, for T. elatum, T. hastatum, and T. tiliaceum. Since many of these counts are unvouchered, it is not certain precisely which species was studied, but there is little doubt that all of the cited counts pertain to the genus Talipariti. The large number of chromosomes may be definitive, but sufficient cytological data are not yet at hand to be certain. 6) An arborescent habit, which is characteristic of but not unique to Talipariti, but none the less unusual in the Malvaceae. 7) Broadly ovate or elliptic leaves (lobed in 7. hastatum) that are entire or finely denticulate, usually leathery in texture, and often bear one to several foliar nectaries on the principal veins abaxially, though these are absent or obscure in three or four species. The foliar nectaries (Fig. 5a), while characteristic of Talipariti, 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI p29 FIG. 1. Representative stipules of Talipariti. a. T. macrophyllum, the pubescence only partially indicated. b. T. tiliaceus var. pernambucense. c. T. elatum. d. T. dalbertisii. e. T. pleijtei. {. T. archbold- ianum. g. T. sepikense. h. T. borneense. i. T. hamabo. j. T. glabrum. Based on: a, Koorders 4577B (L); b, D’Arcy & Croat 4090 (TEX); c, Fawcett & Harris 7046 (MO), d, Schrijn 3594 (L); e, Koster 1498 (L); f, van Royen NGF-20194 (L); g, Darbyshire & Hoogland 8350 (L); h, Kostermans 6758 (L); i, Waimea Botanic Garden 74c1527 (TEX); j, Fosberg 31475 (TEX). also occur in various other genera of Malvaceae (e.g., Gossypium L., Hampea Schldtdl., Hibiscus, Kydia Roxb., Thespesia, Urena L.) and may also be found in other families, such as Sterculiaceae (e.g., Byttneria Loefl.; Arbo 1972). Other characters are less definitive, but taken together the combination of characters listed above clearly sets off Talipariti from other species of Hibiscus sensu lato. and from other members of the tribe Hibisceae (cf. Fryxell 1997). Thus, there is ample justification for recognizing Talipariti in generic rank. Using the criteria for recognizing segregate genera propounded by McVaugh (1945) and concisely summarized by Gillis (1971) and Grashof (1975), the recognition of Talipariti is generally supported by all of the eight criteria put forward by these authors. SUBDIVISION OF TALIPARITI It is tempting to subdivide the genus into two sections or subgenera, for those species (on the one hand) that have distinct involucellar bracts, pink or red corol- las, and ferruginous-wooly seeds in contrast to those species (on the other hand) that have gamophyllous (toothed) involucels, yellow corollas, and short-pubes- cent to subglabrous seeds. These two groups of species, moreover, seem also to have geographical integrity as well. However, there are exceptions to this pattern FIG. 2. Involucel and calyx of Talipariti. a. T. elatum in anthesis. b. T. elatum. post-anthesis, eis dehiscence of involucel and calyx as a unit. c. T. macrophyllum, ee -anthesis. d. 7. simile in .€. T. hastatum in fruit. f. T. celebicum in fruit. g. T. hamabo in fruit. h. T. glabrum in fruit. i ee in fruit. j. 7. potteri in fruit. k. T. crestaense in bud. |. T. sepikense, a -anthesis. m. 7. ae in fruit. n. 7. pseudotiliaceum, post-anthesis. o. T. oe pre-anthesis. p. 7. aruense in flower. Cleate bea post-anthesis. r. 7. ar bese ae in anthesis. Based on: a, Lundell 16975 (LL); b, Wetmore & Abbe 757 (A); c, Griffith 477 (GH); d, Hort. Bogor 7 (TEX); e, MacDaniels 1697 (TEX); f, Koorders 17019b (L); g, seed Bot. Gard. 74c1527 (TEX); h, eee 31505 (TEX); 1, Fosberg 26682 (US); j, Degener 23758 (US): k, Ramos 76992 (K); ih Darbyshire & Hoogland 8234 (K): m, Kalkman 6310 (K); n, Tangkiliasian 229 = Kostermans 33899 (L); 0, Hoogland 4880 (L); p, Brass ‘ Versteegh 13126 (L); q, Ridsdale et al. NGF-31960 (K): 1, Brass 7092 (L). 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI Zo (notably T. celebicum, T. macrophyllum, and T. pseudotiliaceum) that indicate that this simple dichotomy is not tenable in our present state of knowledge. In addition, the interpretation of T. simile as a hybrid between 7. macrophyllum and T. tiliaceum (see below) indicates that the apparent subunits are not very widely separated genetically. Therefore, no subdivision of the genus Talipariti is pro- posed here. GENERIC AFFINITIES The generic affinities of Talipariti are largely speculative at the present time. The genus was segregated from a broadly conceived Hibiscus, but its phylogenetic affinities are perhaps to be sought elsewhere. The strong morphological similarity between Tulipariti schlechteri and Wercklea woodsonii (A. Robyns) Fryxell (see below) suggests a possible tie between these two genera (cf. Fryxell 1981). Shared characters include large foliaceous stipules, the arborescent habit, possibly similar (large) chromosome numbers, and to a lesser degree the elongated, ligneous pedicels (of 7. schlechteri and T. glabrum) and the pentangular capsules (of 7. bowersiae and T. leeuwenii), both characteristic of most species of Wercklea Pittier & Standl. Differences between these two genera include the absence of both foliar and calyx nectaries in Wercklea; the different form, placement, and persis- tence of the stipules in the two genera; and the frequent presence of thorns in Wercklea and their absence in Talipariti. As stated, this connection of Talipariti and Wercklea is largely speculative, but noting it may give direction to future phylogenetic studies. TAXONOMY Talipariti Fryxell, gen. nov.—T yee: Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell [basionym: ibiscus tiliaceus L.]. Hibiscus sect. Azanzae DC., Prodr. 1: 453. 1824, non Azanza Alef., Bot. Zeit. 19: 298. 1861.—Tyer: Hibiscus azanzae DC. [=Talipariti elatum (Sw.) Fryxell. Arbores 3-50 m altae; laminis foliorum plerumque late ovatis (rare ellipticis vel plus minusve lobatis) saepe nectariis foliorum; stipulis prominentibus sessilis atque amplexicaulibus, ad caulis adpressis et gemmam includentibus, deciduis cic- atricibus annularibus relictis; pedicellis saepe solitariis interdum in sympodiis; involu- cellis aut gamophyllis atque cupuliformibus aut 5-10 bractearum distinctorum; calyce 5-lobato, costis loborum interdum nectariis centralis; corolla campanulata ampla et speciosa, lutea vel rosea vel rubra, centro obscuro praesenti vel carenti; fructibus capsularis dehiscentibus ovoideis vel subglobosis dense pubescentibus; seminibus per loculum duabus vel aliquot pubescentibus vel glabris ut videtur. Trees (rarely shrubs) 3-50 m tall, the trunks erect or spreading, sometimes angularly branched, the twigs minutely lepidote, puberulent, stellate-pubescent, or with long simple hairs, often glabrescent. Leaf blades often coriaceous, some- times discolorous, ovate (rarely elliptic or obovate, sometimes deeply lobed in 7. hastatum), basally rounded to deeply cordate (rarely cuneate), apically acute or short-acuminate, the margins usually entire (or sometimes obscurely crenulate or denticulate), palmately (or sometimes pedately) nerved, sometimes with one or more nectaries on the abaxial side of the nerves (nectaries usually solitary near Dae CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 base of blade or less commonly several, more distally placed, sometimes absent); petioles usually shorter than (rarely subequal to) the blade, with pubescence sim1- lar to that of the young branches although sometimes denser: stipules prominent, lance-ovate to oblong (rarely subfalcate or suborbicular), from 0.5—3 cm long to as much as 11 cm long in 7. macrophyllum, sessile and amplexicaul at shoot apex (appressed to stem and enclosing the terminal bud), variously pubescent to gla- brescent, rarely spreading or somewhat reflexed, usually early deciduous, leaving prominent annular scars. Pedicels solitary in the upper leaf axils, usually stout and relatively short (rarely exceeding the petioles, except much longer than the peti- oles in 7. glabrum and T. schlechteri), sometimes aggregated terminally or on short side-branches in few-flowered (or up to 9-flowered in 7. pottert) sympodial inflorescences; involucel cither gamophyllous and cupuliform with 8-12 (or more) dentate or lanceolate teeth or of 5-10 distinct elements, each ligulate to lanceolate to cordate-ovate; calyx 5-lobed (ca. half-divided or sometimes deeply divided), the lobes often costate, more or less plicate in bud distally, with or without a nectary on the midrib of each lobe; corolla campanulate (reflexed in 7. borneense), usually large and showy, yellow (with or without a purplish center), white, rose-pink, red, or purplish (sometimes changing color on falling, e.g.. yellow to orange or red); staminal column included within corolla, basally pubescent (sometimes densely lanate forming a cushion) or glabrous, antheriferous distally or throughout length, apically 5-dentate; styles emergent from the staminal column, distally distinct, sometimes pubescent, the 5 stigmas capitate or obliquely capitate, sometimes pur- plish. Capsules subglobose or ovoid (rarely obovoid), externally densely pubes- cent (the hairs often yellowish, lepidote, stellate, or simple, sometimes in combi- nation), internally glabrous or sometimes densely wooly, 5-locular but sometimes apparently 10-locular as a result of the presence of false papery dissepiments; seeds 2 to many per carpel, reniform, 3-5 mm long, densely pubescent to seeming- ly glabrous (though minutely papillate or scabridulous). he species of Talipariti seem to be flowering and fruiting in all months of the year, although data is scant for several species. Only for 7. hamabo and perhaps for T. ellipticifolium is a clear seasonal pattern evident. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF TALIPARITI 1. Plants prominently shaggy-hirsute, especially the young growth, the yellowish hairs 5-8 mm long; leaves large (to 40 cm long, 50 cm wide) with distally positioned nectaries on the principal veins beneath; stipules 3-11 cm long, 1.5—3 em wide. 14. 7. macroph . Plants glabrous to pubescent or lepidote, the hairs less than 1.5 mm long; leaves sometimes to 30 cm wide but usually smaller with nectaries basally positioned or absent (except distally positioned in 7. simile); stipules 1-3 cm long, 0.4—1.8 cm wide 2. Involucellar bracts 5-10, distinct or nearly so, sometimes more or less revolute laterally toward base. . Corolla yellow with a red center or “pale yellow and peach”; involucellar bracts 5-10, ligulate to narrowly ovate, not revolute; leaf blades to 10 em long, 4. Young stems sparsely pubescent to glabrescent: leaf blades about as wide as lon : involucellar bracts 7-10; corolla bright yellow with a crimson center. 22. 7. tortuosum. 4. Young stems densely ferruginous-puberulent; leaf blades longer than wide; involu- cellar bracts 5-8: corolla “pale yellow and peach”. . 1. bowersiae. . Corolla white or violet; involucellar bracts 8-10, narrowly ovate or cordate-lanceolate and more or less revolute laterally toward base (Fig. 2p); leaf blades 8-20 cm long 5. Leaf blades 8-13 cm long, longer than wide, the foliar nectary elongate (13-20 mm long); petioles 3.5—6 cm long; stipules minutely puberulent; staminal column 5—8 cm long, subequal to petals, the filaments 5-7 mm long; petals violet, not reflexed. . T. aruense. vilum. ay o>) WW 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 285, 5. Leaf blades 12-20 cm long, somewhat wider than long, the foliar api eee petioles 10-15 (—20) cm long; stipules roughly pubescent, the hairs to 1 mm long, staminal column 3 cm long, shorter than petals, the filaments ca. > mm oe petals white (but drying “greenish white tinged with pink”), reflexed. T. borneense. 2. Involucellar bracts 5-8 and distinct, or gamophyllous and forming a aie structure with 8-12 (or more) teeth. 6. Involucellar bracts distinct or nearly so, 5-8, lanceolate or cordate-ovate; foliar necta- ries present or absent; corolla pink or red to purple (except yellow in 7. pseudotiliaceum). Foliar nectaries absent; petals yellow, rose-pink, or red. 8. Petals yellow, 5 cm long; calyx 2-3 cm long. 17. T pseudotiliaceum. 8. Petals rose-pink or red, 9-10 cm ae calyx 3-4 cm lor 9. Herbage minutely lepidote; staminal column ene than the petals, the fila- ments 2-4 mm long; capsules lepidote-pubescent; calyx eee apes oneciaanare 9: eas stellate-pubescent; staminal column subequal to eae a. filaments m long; capsules strigose-pubescent; calyx nectaries present. 7. 7. dalbertisii. 7. Foliar nectaries present; petals pink or red to purple. 10. Petals 7-8 cm long; involucellar bracts lanceolate, 3-5 mm wide, narrowed at ee more or less ee (Fig. 20). roll Tea 10. Petals 2.54 cm long; involucellar bracts cordate-ovate, 3-20 mm wide, not reflexed. 11. Involucel 2.5-3 cm long; calyx 2.5-5.5 cm long; staminal column (not seen) pubescent at base but presumably not forming a cushion. 12. Pedicels 1-4 cm long; calyx 2.5-3 cm long; fruits 3 cm long; involucel subequal to calyx. 13. T. leeuwenii. 12. Pedicels 10-14 cm long; calyx S—5.5 cm long; fruits 4—4.5 cm long; involucel shorter than calyx. 18. T. schlechteri. 11. Involucel 0.5-1.2 cm long; calyx 1.2-1.6 cm long; ene column densely lanate at base (at juncture with petals), forming a cu 13. Petals ae 3—4 cm long; involucel 5-7 mm ee eae (Fig. ae ovate, 7-10 mm long, 5-8 mm wide. . T. sepikense. 13. Petals red to purple, 2.5-3 cm long; involucel 8-12 mm rae stipules (Fig. le) oblong to subrotund, 10-25 mm long, 5-18 mm wide. 15. 7. pleijtet. 6. Involucellar bracts gamophyllous, forming a cupuliform structure with 8-12 (or more) triangular or lanceolate teeth (Fig. 2d-j); foliar nectaries usually present; corolla yel- low, often with a dark red center. 14. Staminal column 7-8 cm long; calyx and involucel abscissing circumscissilly post- anthesis (Fig. 2b); calyx 3-5 cm long; petals 7-12 cm long, about twice (or more) as long as wide 8. 7. elatum. 14. Staminal column 1-3.5 cm long; calyx and involucel eee in fruit; calyx 1-3 cm long; petals 3-7 cm long, 1-1.5 (—2) times as long as €. 15. Foliar nectaries distally placed (1/3-2/3 distance oe base of blade to apex). 20. T. simile. 15. Foliar nectaries basal (i.e., near attachment of petiole) or absent. 16. Leaf blades 6.5-30 cm long, 4.5—30 cm wide; calyx 10-20 mm long. 17. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils; calyx 10-12 mm long; involucel not reflexed (Fig. 2f); seeds densely wooly with ferruginous hairs long; maximum size of leaf blades to 30 cm long and wide. 5. T. celebicum. 17. Flowers borne on extended sympodia; calyx 18-20 mm long; involucellar teeth more or less reflexed in fruit (Fig. 2j); seeds appearing glabrous but actually minutely papillate; leaves to 17 cm long and 22 cm wide. 16. T. potteri. 16. Leaf blades 17 cm long and 12 cm wide, or smaller; calyx 15-28 mm long. . Base of leaf blade truncate to cuneate; leaf blades unlobed (and narrow- ly lanceolate or ovate) to prominently 3-lobed, the lobes triangular-acute; flowers often borne on extended sympodia 12. 7. hastatuim. 18. Base of leaf blade rounded to cordate; leaf blades unlobed, usually broadly ovate (or obovate in T. hamabo), acute or acuminate; flowers usually solitary in the leaf axils. 234 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 19. Leaf blades 10 cm long or less, basally rounded to cordat 20. Pedicels (in fruit) 5—7.5 cm long (Fig. 2h); leaf nee basally rounded or shallowly cordate, glabrous beneath, ovate, acute or acuminate; stipules glabrous, with contrasting white margins; Bonin Islands. 10.7 nai 20. Pedicels (in fruit) 0.3-1.2 cm long; leaf blades basally cordat pale puberulent beneath, obovate (broadest above the middle), acuminate; stipules externally pubescent, the margins not con- trastingly colored; Japan, Korea, cultivated elsewhere. 11. 7. hamabo. . Leaf blades often more than 10 cm long, basally rounded to deeply cordat 21. tat blades basally rounded to shallowly cordate, ovate to oblong- elliptic or somewhat obovate, 3-9 cm wide; foliar nectaries absent: seeds pubescent. 6. T. crestaense. 21. Leaf blades deeply cordate, broadly ovate, usually 10 cm wide or more; foliar nectaries present; seeds minutely papillate (Fig. Se). 21. 7. tiliaceum. \O 1. Talipariti archboldianum (Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus arch- boldianus Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 59, fig. 9. 1956.—Typr: New Guinea. [PAPUA New Guinea. Western:] Palmer River, 2 mi below junction of Black River, 100 m, Jun 1936, Brass 7092 (holotype: BO: isotypes: A! BM, L!). Hibiscus womersleyanus Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 61, fe. LU; 1956.—Type: New Guinea. [Papua New Guinea. Madang:] “Central High- lands District,” Aiyura, 1800 m, 25 Nov 1950, Womersley-NGF 3386 (holo- type: LAE; isotypes: A! BO, BRI, L! SING; photo of K isotype: TEX!). Hibiscus lepidotus Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 63, fig. 11. 1956.— ype: New Guinea. [PapuA New Guinea. Central:] Mt. Tafa, sheltered valley forests, 2400 m, Brass 4950 (holotype: BO; isotypes: A! BM, BRI). Pigs: Lf, 21. Trees 8-50 m tall, the twigs minutely and sparsely lepidote, the scales ca. ().1 mm in diameter. Leaf blades ovate, [5?-] 14 cm long, [4?-] 11 cm wide, basally rounded to subcordate, the margin entire, apically acuminate, palmately 7-nerved, sparsely and minutely lepidote-pubescent on upper surface (especially along veins), more densely so on lower surface, slightly discolorous, lacking foliar nectaries: petioles 5—7 cm long, with pubescence like stem; stipules (Fig. If) lance-ovate, 1.5 cm long, 6-12 mm wide, minutely lepidote, sessile and amplexicaul, deciduous, leaving annular scars. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 1-2 cm long (to 6 cm in fruit), stout (3-4 mm in diameter and swollen distally); involucellar bracts (Fig. 2r) 6, distinct or nearly so, cordate-ovate (and thus basally plicate), 18-20 mm long, ca. 15 mm wide, minutely lepidote; calyx (Fig. 2r) ca. 3.5 cm long, densely and minutely lepidote-pubescent, ca. half-divided, the lobes ca. 2 cm long, plicate distally in bud, lacking nectaries; petals 9-10 cm long, 3-3.5 cm wide, rose-pink or red, coarsely lepidote-pubescent externally; staminal column 7.5 cm long, more or less pubescent basally, filamentiferous distally, the filaments 2-4 mm long, styles emerging from staminal column, obscurely pubescent or subglabrous, the stigmas capitate, 1.5 mm in diameter. Capsules ovoid, 33.5 cm long, 2.5—3 cm in diameter, S-locular (“10-celled”), densely yellowish lepidote, densely wooly internally; seeds numerous, [immature] reniform, 3-4 mm long, densely ferruginous-pubescent. Chromosome number unknown. 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 71355) Phenology. Apparently flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Distribution. New Guinea (see map in Borssum Waalkes, 1956: 42, fig. 1) and New Britain; in primary and secondary forest; 30-2400 m. Illustrations. Borssum Waalkes (1956: figs. 9, 10, 11). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Indonesia. West IRIAN: below Okdenan, 05°S, 141°E, 1400 m, Reksodihardjo 530 (L). Papua New Guinea. WesTERN: Nomad River Subprovince, 10 km above the junction of Strickland and Tomu Rivers, 06°30'S, 142°08'E, 80 m, Gideon LAE-76153 (A, L).— WESTERN HIGHLANDs: Hagen Subdistrict, lower Kaugel Valley, 2200 m, Robbins 440 (A, L).—Mabanc: Aiyura, 1800 m, Smith NGF-1047 (L); Aiyura 1900 m, Womersley 4425 (A, K, L).—EAst Sepik: near Langu village, 40-200 m, Takeuchi & Wiakabu 10043 (A-2).—EAsTERN HIGHLANDs: Okapa area, 2000 m, Brass 31835 (L); Kassam, 1370 m, Brass 32385 (L, NY); just above Akuna, 06°22'S, 145°56'E, 1700 m, Hartley 11985 (A, K, L); Okapa Subdistrict, between Wanatabi and Purosa, 1550 m, Hartley 13680 A, L); Kainantu Subdistrict, Wanatabi-Puros road, 1800 m, 06°35'S, 145°40'E, Henty & Katik NGF- 4199] (A, K, L); Kainantu Subdistrict, Kassam Pass, 06°10'S, 146°5'E, 1300 m, Kikori NGF-32706 (L); Kainantu Subdistrict, 1 mi E of Odentenu, 1900 m, Pullen 727 (L); Kainantu Subdistrict, Arau- Andandara road, 1600 m, 06°28'S, 146°S'E, Striemann NGF-23962 (L).—CENTRAL: Kairuku Subdis- trict, 1 mi W of Maipa village, 55 m, Darbyshire 864 (A, L); Kairuku Subdistrict, between Maipa and Inaukina villages, 50 m, Darbyshire 959 (L); Maigo, 10°10'S, 148°10'E, 30 m, Kairo NGF-17263 (K, ); Port Moresby Subd ae Kuriva Forestry Area near Veimura River, 65 m, 09°5'S, 147°S'E, Streiman & Kairo LAE-51549 (L); Goilala Subdistrict, road from Woitape to Kosipi, Uriko, 07°S, 147°E, 2000 m, van Royen NCE (L); pea Rigo, near Oboha village, 56 m, 09°S0'S, 148°5'E, Wiakabu & Giyowosa LAE-70443 (L, US).—Gu LF: Kikori Subdistrict, Wabo dam site ridge 305° ridge face on Purari River, 250 m, 07°0'S, 145°10'E, Conn et al. LAE-66290 (L).—SOUTHERN HIGHLANDs: near Waro airstrip 20 km SSW of Kutubu, 500-600 m, 06°31'S, 143°10'E, Jacobs 9235 (L); Kutubu patrol area, Ubogo, 490 m, Takeuchi 9114 (A).—West New Britain: Kandrian Subdis- trict, Pirilongi Village, 06°06'S, 150°45'E, 400 m, Sayers NGF-21980 (L). Talipariti archboldianum (Fig. 2r), T. dalbertisii (Fig. 2q), and T. schlechteri (Fig. 4) are the only pink- or red-flowered species with a calyx 3 cm long or more and petals 9-10 cm long. Only 7. elatum with yellow corollas (Fig. 2a) has flowers of comparable size. Collectors’ notes state that the inner bark is used for making ropes (Womersley 3386), for making string (Womersley 4425), and that long strips of outer bark “are preferred material for flooring and sleep mats” (Takeuchi & Wiakabu 10043). The use of bark fibers for basketry is also reported (Takeuchi 9/14). 2. Talipariti aruense (Hatusima ex Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibis- cus aruensis Hatusima ex Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 44, fig. 2. 1956.—Type: Motuccas. [INponesIA. Maluku:] Aru Island, Pulau Wokam, Selibatabata, 40 m, 18 Jun 1938, Buwalda 5270 (holotype: BO; isotypes: A-2! BO, BRI, BZF, L, PNH, SING; photo of K isotype: TEX!) Fig. 2p. Trees 20-22 m tall, the twigs with minute stellate pubescence and simple hairs 0.5-0.7 mm long. Leaf blades ovate, 8-13 cm long, 6-10 cm wide, basally some- what cordate, the margin entire, apically acute or acuminate, palmately 7-9-nerved (the nerves prominently raised beneath), very minutely stellate pubescent above and beneath (hairs 0.1 mm in diameter), with an elongate nectary 13-20 mm long near base of midrib beneath; petioles 3.5-6 cm long, minutely pubescent; stipules oblong- ovate, ca. 1 cm long, 6-7 mm wide, sessile and amplexicaul, acute, minutely puber- ulent, deciduous, leaving annular scars. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 1-2 cm long, minutely pubescent; involucellar bracts (Fig. 2p) 8-10, distinct, cordate-lanceolate, 2 cm long, somewhat arcuate, minutely and densely (but obscurely) pubescent, 236 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 the bases auriculate (1.e., laterally reflexed), narrowed markedly to an acute (- acuminate) apex; calyx 16-20 mm long, subequal to or slightly exceeding involucel, yellowish puberulent, deeply divided, the calyx nectaries vestigial (?) or absent; petals 5-8 cm long, “violet,” externally stellate-lepidote-pubescent; staminal col- umn 5-8 cm long, subequal to petals, basally stellate-pubescent, filamentiferous in distal half, the filaments 5—7 mm long; styles emergent from the staminal column, distally free, subglabrous, the stigmas obliquely capitate, 1.8 mm in diameter. Capsules narrowly ovoid, 3-4 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter, hirsute with antrorse simple hairs 1.5—2 mm long and with minute stellate hairs interspersed, 10-locular [ex descr.]; seeds numerous, reniform, 2.5 mm long, densely stellate-pubescent, the hairs dark-ferruginous, 1-2 mm long. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower in March, June, and August; in fruit in July. Distribution. Moluccas and New Guinea (see map in Borssum Waalkes, 1956: 42, fig. 1); in primary forest; 40-850 m. Illustration. Borssum Waalkes (1956: 45, fig. 2). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Indonesia. West IRIAN: Idenburg River, 4 km SW of Bern- hard Camp, 850 m, Brass & Versteegh 13126 (A, L); Hollandia, Bernhard bivak, 50 m, Neth. Ind. For. Service bb. 25688 (L). Talipariti aruense is notable for its involucel of 8-10 distinct bracts, which are reflexed laterally and sharply acute apically. The staminal column is subequal to the corolla and bears filaments 5-7 mm long. Among the pink- or red-flowered species, only 7. dalbertisii and T. ellipticifolium have filaments as long, but they have only 6 involucellar bracts and much larger calyces. 3. Talipariti borneense (Airy Shaw) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus borneensis Airy Shaw, Hook. Icon. PI. 34. t. 3377. 1939.—Type: Borneo [MataysiA] Sarawak: Dulit Trail, under 300 m, 30 Aug 1932, Native Collector 154] (lectotype, here designated: K-sheet 1; isotypes: A! K-sheet 2! L! SING; photos of lectotype and K isotype: TEX!). Fig. Lh Trees 30 m tall, the trunks to 80 cm in diameter, buttressed, the twigs minutely yellowish puberulent becoming glabrescent. Leaf blades broadly ovate, 12-20 cm long, somewhat wider than long, basally cordate (the sinus open), the margin entire, apically acute, palmately 7-nerved, the nerves raised beneath, glabrous above, very minutely and sparsely pubescent to almost glabrous beneath, lacking foliar nectaries; petioles 10-15 (-20) cm long, with pubescence like stem; stipules broadly orbicular and undulate, ca. | cm long and wide, sessile and amplexicaul, more or less reflexed and contorted (Fig. 1h), roughly pubescent (hairs to | mm long), apically rounded to subacute, relatively persistent. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 2-5 cm long, minutely puberulent, slender; involucellar bracts 8-10, distinct, narrowly ovate, I-1.5 cm long, 4-7 mm wide, spreading (in bud) to reflexed, minutely puberulent, more or less laterally reflexed; calyx 1.5-2 cm long, minutely yellowish puberulent, costate, ca. half-divided or less, lacking nectaries; petals 4-8 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, reflexed at anthesis, white (with yellowish base) but drying darker (“greenish white tinged with pink”), externally pubescent, bearded on margins of claw; staminal column 3 cm long, essentially glabrous, filamentiferous along entire length, the filaments ca. 2 mm long; styles emerging from staminal column, distinct for ca. | mm, hirsute, the stigmas capitate, 2-3 mm in diameter. 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 257) Capsules globose to ovoid, 1.5 cm long, 2 cm in diameter, 5-locular, externally densely stellate-lepidote pubescent and with scattered simple hairs (the latter 1- 1.5 mm long), internally densely wooly, the hairs pallid, 3-4 mm long; seeds ca. 7 per locule, reniform, 3-4 mm long, densely lanate, the hairs 3-4 mm long, ferrugi- nous. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Probably flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Distribution. Borneo; in moist primary forests; 5-300 m. Illustrations. Airy Shaw (Hook. Icon. Pl. 34: t. 3377. 1939). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Indonesia. EAst KALIMANTAN: Loa Haur, W of Samarinda, 50 m, Kostermans 6758 (A, L-2); Loa Haur, W of Samarinda, 30 m, Kostermans 7010 (A, L), West Kutei, Belajan River near Tabang, 100 m, Aug 1957, Kostermans s.n. (L); Oost Koeti, Loa Doeri, 5 m, Neth. Ind. For. Serv. 24017 (A, L). Talipariti borneense is the only species of Talipariti with manifestly reflexed petals. 4. Talipariti bowersiae Fryxell, sp. nov.—T ype: PAPUA New GUINEA. Western High- lands: Hagen Subdistrict, Kurupili, Kepaka, Upper Kaugal, 7350 ft, 5 Feb 1969, Bowers 635 (holotype: US!; isotypes: CANB! US!). Fig. 3. Arbores ramis nodosis, ramulis dense puberulis, pilis stellatis ferruginis; lami- nis foliorum ovatis discoloribus nectariis foliorum desititutis; stipulis lanceolato- ovatis sessilis amplexicaulibus; pedicellis axillaribus 1.5—2.5 cm longis dense pubescen- tibus; bracteis involucellorum 5-8 fere distinctis liguliformibus vel anguste ovatis; calyce 2.8-3.3 cm longo dimidio partito dense ferrugineo-pubescenti; capsulis 3— 3.5 cm longis ovoidibus vel ellipsoidibus plus minusve pentangularibus dense pubes- centibus. Trees to 8 m tall, “gnarled and broken, trunk very irregular in shape,” the young stems densely puberulent, the hairs stellate, 0.2-0.4 mm long, ferruginous. Leaf blades ovate, 4-11 cm long, 2-9.5 cm wide, shallowly cordate, the margin entire, apically gradually acuminate, palmately 7-nerved, discolorous, the upper surface darker, minutely puberulent (the hairs scattered, stellate, less than 0.1 mm in diameter), the lower surface lighter and more or less ferruginous (the hairs denser, stellate, variable in size, the larger hairs up to 0.4 mm in diameter), lack- ing foliar nectaries; petioles 2-4.5 cm long, with pubescence like stem though often denser; stipules 1-2 cm long, 0.5—1 cm wide, lance-ovate, sessile and amplex- icaul, densely and minutely pubescent externally, sparsely so internally. Pedicels solitary in the axils, 1.5—2.5 cm long, 2-3 mm in diameter, densely stellate-pubes- cent like petioles; involucel of 5-8 distinct or nearly distinct bracts, each ligulate to narrowly ovate, 2-2.5 cm long, 4-9 mm wide, minutely and obscurely lepidote (seemingly glabrous); calyx 2.8-3.3 cm long, ca. half-divided, densely ferruginous- puberulent (the hairs stellate, farinaceous), the lobes ecostate, nectary absent; petals 7-7.5 cm long, “pale yellow and peach,” externally densely stellate-pubes- cent; staminal column 5.5 cm long, stellate-pubescent, filamentiferous in distal half, the filaments 2-3 mm long [?], the anthers purplish; styles emergent from staminal column by 4-5 mm, the stigmas abruptly capitate, 2 mm in diameter. Capsules ovoid or ellipsoid, more or less pentangular, 3-3.5 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter, 5-locular, with papery dissepiments, densely stellate-pubescent, the fari- naceous hairs brownish to ferruginous, many-armed, variable in size, the largest 0.5 mm in diameter; seeds not seen. 238 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 FIG. 3. Talipariti bowersiae. Flowering branch and seperate fruit (Bowers 635) Talipariti bowersiae is distinguished by its relatively narrow leaves and its dense, ferruginous puberulence on the stems, calyces, and fruits. It is known only from the type collection found “at streamside” in lower montane forest at ca. 2200 m elevation. The collector commented that “the bark yields fiber for pig rope.” The specific epithet is chosen to honor the collector of the type, Nancy Bow- ers (b. 1928), anthropologist from the University of Auckland. 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 239 5. Talipariti celebicum (Koorders) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus celebicus Koorders, Med. Lands Plantent. 19: 359, 632. 1898. Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. celebicus (Koorders) Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 35. 1966.—Type: CELEBES. [INDO- NESIA. North Sulawesi:] Kajuwatu, Koorders 17820 (lectotype: BO; iso- types: BO, L!). Fig. 2f. Trees 20-30 m tall with erect trunk, the young stems tomentose, the hairs stellate, 0.5-1 mm long. Leaf blades rounded-ovate, 6.5-30 cm long, 4.5-30 cm wide, basally deeply cordate, the margin crenulate to subentire, apically acumi- nate, palmately 5—7-nerved, nearly glabrous above, sparsely stellate-tomentose beneath, foliar nectaries absent; petioles 1.2-22 cm long, stellate-tomentose; stipules oblong, 2-2.5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, stellate-tomentose on both surfaces. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 0.5-1.5 cm long, 2-5 mm in diameter, accrescent in fruit to 2 cm long, stellate-tomentose; involucel (Fig. 2f) gamophyllous, forming a cup half as long as the calyx, the ca. 8 elements triangular, S-8 mm long, ca. 4 mm wide; calyx (Fig. 2f) 10-20 mm long, densely stellate-pubescent, deeply divided, each lobe with a prominent midrib, lacking nectaries on the midribs; petals 3-4 cm long, 2.5-3.5 cm wide, yellow with purplish base; staminal column ca. 2 cm long, the filaments and anthers ca. 1 mm (sessile in illustration cited below); styles and stigmas unknown. Capsules subrotund, 2 cm long, 1.5—2 cm in diameter, number of locules unknown, antrorsely hirsute, the hairs yellowish, ca. 1 mm long; seeds 3.5-4 mm long, densely wooly with long (ca. 2 mm) ferruginous hairs. Chromo- some number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower in March. Distribution. Sulawesi (Minahassa Peninsula). Illustration. Koorders (1922, fig. 65). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Indonesia. NortH SuLAwEsi: Minahassa (Menado), 600 m, Koorders 17816 (L), Koorders 17819 (L), Koorders 17823 (L). Talipariti celebicum is distinguished by a combination of characters, as is indi- cated in the key to species 6. Talipariti crestaense (Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. et stat. nov. Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. crestaensis Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 36. 1966.—TyPE: THE Puivippines. Luzon: Isabela Province, Mt. Cresta, 3 Apr 1929, Ramos 76992 (holotype: K!; isotypes: NY! SING). Fig. 2k. Trees 6 m tall, the trunk 20 cm in diameter, the young stems very sparsely stellate-cinereous, the hairs ca. 0.2 mm in diameter, becoming glabrescent. Leaf blades broadly ovate to oblong-elliptic or somewhat obovate, 7-17 cm long, 3-9 cm wide, basally rounded or shallowly cordate, the margin entire to slightly undu- late-crenate, apically acuminate, palmately S-nerved, the midrib raised beneath, glabrate above, sparsely stellate-cinereous (especially on veins) to subglabrous beneath, foliar nectaries absent; petioles 2.5-7 cm long, stellate-cinereous like stem; stipules 8-17 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, lance-ovate (or slightly asymmetrical), stellate-cinereous, deciduous, leaving prominent annular scars. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 0.5-1 cm long, 2-2.5 mm in diameter, stellate-cinereous; involucel (Fig. 2k) more or less gamophyllous, half the length of the calyx or more, ca. 15 mm long, 10-parted, the segments 9-11 mm long, 2-4 mm wide, lanceolate, acute; 240 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 calyx 2—2.5 cm long, minutely puberulent, with a vestigial nectary on the midrib of each lobe; petals 5—7 cm long, yellow (possibly with a dark spot at base?), exter- nally densely pubescent (except basally) with minute arachnoid hairs, the margins of the claws bearded; staminal column 22-25 mm long, apically 5-dentate, gla- brous, the filaments 2-3 mm long arising along length of column, the anthers 1- 1.5 mm long. Capsules subglobose, 1.5 cm long and in diameter, 5-locular, densely antrorsely pubescent, the hairs yellowish; seeds [immature] reniform, ca. 4 mm long, pubescent. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower in April. Distribution. The Philippines (Luzon); in forest at low elevation: possibly Thailand (see specimen citation below). Hlustration. Borssum Waalkes (1966: 37, fig. 6b). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Thailand. Sitan, Loie, 300 m, Dee 24 [3630] (US). This speci- men Is only tentatively included here. Among the yellow-flowered species with cupuliform involucels, 7. crestaense is distinguished by having leaves that are often oblong-elliptic and only shallowly (if at all) cordate and lacking a foliar nectary. The involucel (Fig. 2k) is in some respects intermediate between the cupuliform type and the type with distinct elements. Although the original description says a foliar nectary is present near the base of the midrib, a careful examination of the type specimens (K, NY) did not confirm its presence. 7. Talipariti dalbertisii (F. Mueller) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus dalbertisii F. Mueller, Descr. Notes Papuan PI. 4: 56. 1876.—Type: New Guinea. Fly River, d’Albertis s.n. (holotype: not located; isotypes, fide Borssum Waalkes, 1966: BM, FI, MEL). Hibiscus cardiostegius Hochreutiner, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 20: 153. 1917.—Type: New Guinea. [INDONEsIA. West Irian:] Humboldt Bay, north coast, oe 75 m, 2 Jan 1911, Gjellerup 417 (holotype: not located; isotypes: BO, K Hibiscus fluminis- ee Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 53. f. 6. 1956.—T ype: New Guinea. [INDonesIA. West Irian:] Idenburg River, 1200 m, Feb 1939, Brass 12978 (holotype: BO; isotypes: BM, GH!, L!). Pigs, ld 2a. Trees (3—) 10-37 m tall, the twigs densely stellate-pubescent, the hairs mostly 1 mm long, yellowish. Leaf blades ovate, 5-17 cm long, 3-13.5 cm wide, smaller distally, basally cordate, the margin entire, apically acute, palmately 7-nerved, discolorous, the upper surface sparsely and minutely pubescent (especially on nerves), the lower surface sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent, the hairs 0.2 mm in diameter, foliar nectaries absent; petioles 3-6 cm long with pubescence like stem; stipules (Fig. Id) I-1.5 cm long, | cm wide, ovate-acute, sessile and amplexi- caul, stellate-pubescent externally, minutely so internally, deciduous, leaving an- nular scars. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 0.5-3 cm long, stout (2-3 mm in diameter), stellate-pubescent; involucellar bracts (Fig. 2q) 6, distinct, ovate-cor- date (thus basally plicate), 15-30 mm long, 10-22 mm wide, stellate-pubescent: calyx (Fig. 2q) 3-4 cm long, densely and softly yellowish pubescent and with a few scattered, large stellate spicules, ca. half-divided, the lobes 2-2.5 cm long, the 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 241 margins plicate in bud, the midribs of the lobes with prominent nectaries (often concealed by the involucel); petals 9-10 cm long, 2-3 cm wide, deep pink, exter- nally pubescent, the hairs semi-lepidote, pubescence denser toward the base; stam- inal column nearly equaling the petals, more or less stellate-pubescent basally, filamentiferous distally, the filaments 4-8 mm long; styles emerging from the stam- inal column by ca. 5 mm, the stigmas capitate, asymmetrical, 2 mm in diameter. Capsules ovoid, ca. 4 cm long, 1.5-2 cm in diameter, 5-locular (“10-celled”), antrorsely strigose, the hairs ca. 3 mm long, yellowish; seeds numerous, reniform, 3-4 mm long, densely ferruginous-wooly. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting more or less throughout the year. Distribution. New Guinea, “the area between Mamberamo R., Idenburg R., North coast and the frontier between West and East New Guinea, also the area of the Digul R., Madang, Sepik, and the Fly R.” (Borssum Waalkes 1966: 41); in primary and secondary forest, often along river banks; near sea level to 1750 m; sometimes planted near villages. [lustrations. Borssum Waalkes (1956: fig. 6; 1966: 40, fig. 7b). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Indonesia. West IRIAN: Hollandia and vicinity, 40 m, Brass 8912 (A, L); Idenburg River, 15 km SW of Bernhard Camp, 1750 m, Brass - ee 11959 (K, L); 6 km SW of Bernhard Camp, 1100 m, Brass & Versteegh 12525 (A, K as photo, L); District Hollandia, Bodem River, 60 km SE of Sarmi, 75 m, meget 5895 (L); District pee near Kw bivouac, St. from Sidoarsi Mts., ca. 200 km W of Hollandia, /wanggin 9024 (A, L); slope of Cae Mtns, Sukarnapura, 100 m, Kostermans & & Kelson 69 (L); 05°38'33"S, 141°E, Reksodihardjo 526 (L-3); Okwalimkam River headwater, 1250 m, 05°2'S, 140°55'E, Ridsdale & Galore NGF-33153 (A, L); weg naar Hollandia-Binnen, 50 1 m, o 3594 (L-2); W of Hollandia, N of Simboro Strait of Senet Lake, Sigafoos 12 (A); SW of Hollandia, Lake Plain of Sentani Lake and foothills of Cyclops Mtn, Sigafoos 115 (US); District Hollandia, road eeu to Hamadi, 70 m, van Royen 4104 L); Cycloop Mtns, along path to Ormoe, 380 m, van Royen & Sleumer 5639 (L); District Hollancie Cycloop Mtns, road to Sentani, 320 m, van Royen & siete 5655 (A, L-2); ere Mtns, eat) leading to Kota Nica, van Royen & Sleumer 5857 (A); District Hollandia, Cycloop Mtns, path Doza Dafonsero, N of Dozai, 1100 m, van Royen & Sleumer 6426 (A, L); along river eee near Wage Div., 5 m, Versteegh ke (L). Papua New Guinea. CENTRAL: Subdistr. Rigo, near Oboha village, Wahab & Giyowosa 70443 (A, US).—East area Kainantu Subdistrict, top of Kassam Pass, 1700 m, 06°13'S, 146°4'E, Streimann NGF-47903 (L).—Mapanc: Gogola Valley road, 30 mi from Madang, 60 m, 05°15'S, 145°35'E, Womersley & pe ae 12578 (L).—WEsTERN: Kiunga Subdistrict, Ingembit, 05°38'S, 141°0'E, Ridsdale et al. NGF-31960 (A, K, L).—WEst Sepik: Subdistrict Telefomin, near Busilmin airstrip on track to Telefomin Basin, 1500 1 m, 04°55'S, 141°8'E, Barker LAE-66835 (L); Leitre village, 10 m, 02°50'S, 141°35'E, Sayers NGF-18951 (L); Amanab Subdistrict, Imonda Patrol Post, 300 m, 03°20'S, 141° L0'E, eee & Martin LAE-52870 (A, L); Telefomin Subdistrict, ee River below junction with Mogofogola River on Busilmin—Folongonom track, 1800 m, 05°00'S 141°OS'E, Vinas LAE-59573 (L). Talipariti dalbertisii (Fig. 2q), T. archboldianum (Fig. 2r), and 7. schlechteri (Fig. 4) are the only pink- or red-flowered species with a calyx 3 cm long or more and petals 9-10 cm long. Only 7. elatum (with a yellow corolla) has flowers of Sevriyoe belo size (Fig. 2a). ighly decorative tree which might be introduced in horticulture” is noted on the collection label of van Royen 4104 8. Talipariti elatum (Swartz) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus elatus Swartz, Fl. Ind. Occid. 2: 1218. 1800. Paritium elatum (Swartz) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. elatus (Swartz) Hochreutiner, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Geneve 4: 63. 1900. Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. elatus (Swartz) Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 30. 1966.—Type: Jamaica. Swartz s.n. (holotype: S!). 242 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Hibiscus azanzae DC., Prodr. 1: 454. 1824. Paritium azanzae (DC.) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831.—Type: Icones Florae Mexicanae s.n.! (Torner Collection Accession no. 6331.1423, Hunt Institute). Cf. copy at G, photo F-30498. Paritium elatum var. macrocarpum Grisebach, FI. Brit. W. Ind. Islds. 87. 1859.— Type: JAMAICA. 1858, March 99 (lectotype, here designated: GOET’). Pariti grande Britton in Small, Man. SE Fl. 859. 1933.—Type: U.S.A. Florida: Fort Myers, Edison Reservation, near dock, 2 Jul 1930, Buswell s.n. (lecto- type, here designated: NY!). Figs. 1c, 2a, bi. Trees 6-25 m tall, the trunks straight, up to 35 cm in diameter, the young stems minutely but obscurely puberulent. Leaf blades broadly ovate, 8.5-23 cm long, 6-30 cm wide, smaller and narrower distally, basally deeply to shallowly cordate (the sinus sometimes closed) or rounded in upper leaves, the margin entire or obscurely crenulate, apically short-acuminate, palmately or pedately 7 (—11)- nerved (the nerves raised beneath), discolorous, glabrous above, minutely puber- ulent beneath (hairs 0.1—-0.2 mm long), with one or more obscure to prominent nectaries (3-5 mm long) at base of principal veins beneath; petioles 6-13 cm long, minutely puberulent; stipules (Fig. 1c) 3 cm long, 1.2-1.5 cm wide, oblong, acute, pubescent, sessile and amplexicaul, deciduous, leaving a prominent annular scar. Pedicels solitary in the upper axils, 1-3 cm long, stout (4-10 mm in diameter), minutely puberulent; involucel (Fig. 2a) cupuliform with 8-10 pointed teeth 4-5 mm long, the whole involucel 14-20 mm long, ca. half length of calyx, with acute or rounded sinuses, the teeth puberulent, the base glabrate, deciduous circumscis- sily (with the calyx) in fruit (Fig. 2b); calyx (Fig. 2a) (2.5—) 3-5 cm long, ca. half- divided, the lobes lanceolate, 2 cm long, | cm wide, densely yellowish puberulent, with an obscure nectary on the midrib of each lobe, deciduous circumscissily in fruit (Fig. 2b); petals 7-12 cm long, 1.5-4 cm wide, yellowish with red center, fading red-orange, externally with minute arachnoid hairs, internally glabrous, narrowly elliptic; staminal column (S—) 7-8 cm long, glabrous, pallid, filamentiferous in the distal 2/3, the filaments 2-5 mm long, the anthers and pollen yellow; styles emergent from the staminal column, sometimes exceeding the petals, pubescent, the stigmas purplish, obliquely capitate, 1.5-2 mm in diameter. Capsules ovoid, sometimes 5-angled, 2.5—4 cm long, 2.5 cm in diameter, 5-loculate (“10-celled”), densely hirsute, the hairs yellowish, appressed, 2-3 mm long; seeds numerous, 5 mm long, reniform, densely short-pubescent, the hairs 0.5 mm long or less. Chro- mosome number: 2n = 90 (Butorina et al. 1990). Phenology. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Distribution. Jamaica and Cuba, but introduced in other parts of the Caribbean (Kimber 1970; Little et al. 1974), Florida, Hawaii, and elsewhere (e.g., Little et al. 1974: 518; Marais & Friedmann 1987: 25). Illustrations. Adams (1971: 15); Bates (1965: 72, fig. 2D); Kimber (1970: figs. 3-5); Little et al. (1974: 519, fig. 496); Meninger (1962: pl. 204*, as H. elatus); Small (1933: 859, as P. grande). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. U.S.A. FLoripa: Dade Co., Bent Tree community, SW side of Miami, ornamental tree, Nee 35058 (NY, TEX).—Hawat: Oahu, Makiki Valley [cult.], Degener 18217 (A, NY); Hawaii, from ridge between Waipi’o and Waimanu Valley, 23 Feb 1986, Gon s.n. (A, BISH, US); Kaui, Kapaa [introduced], Little 3/184 (US); HSPA Forest Nursery, Manoa Valley, Yuncker 3567 (NY). 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 243 Cuba. ae: vicinity of La Gloria, aie 14 (NY-2).—CIENFUEGOs: Cieneguita, Combs 672 (GH, NY, US); Soledad, Gonzales 66 (A, NY), Hodge & Howard 4009 (GH), Jack 4072 (A), Jack 4771 (A), Jack £705 (A), Salvoza 538 (A), ee 2074 (GH).—ISLA DE LA JuveNTUD. Isle of Pines, Santa Fé, Britton et al. 15115 (NY).—La Hasana: San Antonio de los Barrios, ae 4680 (NY); Havana Botanic Garden, Jack 4010 (A), 1990, Eee s.n. (NY); near Rincon, Van Hermann 536 (MO, NY).—Matanzas: 1 km E of Playa Larga, Acevedo-Rodriguez et al. 6306 (NY); vic. of Matanzas, Valley of the Canimar, Britton et al. 477 NY). gan 20 km W of Compania de Moa mill, Sierra de Moa, Howard 5972 (GH).—PINAR DEL Rio: Sierra Rosario, 22°50'N, 83°0'W, 370-390 m, Gentry et al. 71346 (MO).—SantTa Ciara: Trinidad Mountains, Britton & Britton 5081 (NY); near San Blas, Jack 7338 (NY), Rehder 1162 (A); Lomas de Banao, Bro. Leén 234 (NY).—SANTIAGO DE CuBA: vicinity of Baracoa, Pollard et al. 73 (GH, NY). Puerto Rico. Caribbean National Forest, 18°00'N, 65°45'W, Boom 7046 (NY, TEX); Caribbean National Forest, 18°17'N, 65°47'W, Boom & Rivera 6806 (NY); Utuado, Bosque Ins. Rio Abajo, Little 14839 (GH, NY); Fajardo, planted on street, Liogier et al. 32306 (NY): Rio Piedras, street tree, Liogier 35690 (BRIT, NY). Mpio. Cayey, just W of intersection of rtes. 184 and 179, 18°07'N, 66°03'W, Miller & Taylor 6007 (MO); Mpio. Luquillo, El Verde Field Station, rte. 186 at the Rio Sonadora, 18°20'N, 65°50'W, 350 m, Taylor et al. 10898 (MO). Haiti. Norp-Est: Massif du Nord, sobre Morne Bois Pin, 19°34'N, 72°14'W, Zanoni & Mejia 35808 (NY, TEX). Dominican Republic. Puerto PLata: 3.8 km al E de Imbert, 19°45'N, 70°47.5'W, Zanoni & Pimentel 29220 (TEX).—SAN CrisTOBAL: San Cristobal en la calle [cult.], Liogier & Liogier 20271 (NY).—Santo Dominco: Trujillo University [cult.], Jiménez 2772 (NY-2). Jamaica. CoRNWALL: St. James Parish: near Flagstaff, Lundell 16975 (LL, TEX). Trelawney Parish: Cockpit Country, Troy, Britton 627 (NY); E side of Troy, Gillis 8982 (A).—Surrey: Kingston Parish: King- ston, Mona Reservoir, in park, Andrews 747 (NY); Phoenix Park, Monea fone Fawcett & Harris 7046 (MO, NY); Kingston, March 95 (GH), 8 Mar 1885, Sargent s.n. (A); Kingston, Hope Gardens, Wer- more & Abbe 757 (A). Portland Parish: Blue Mountains, Morley & Whiteford 926 (A), Judd 5493 (NY). St. Andrew Parish: near Richards reservoir, Yuncker 17745 (NY). Dominica: St. Paul Parish, n Pont Casse and Pagua Valley, Central Forest Reserve (said to be planted by Forest Dept.), Hill 22081 (TEX); St. Joseph Parish, D’Leau Gommier [cult.], Nicolson 2015 (GH, NY, US); St. Paul Parish, Riversdale (below Cassé), Nicolson 4060 (NY, US). Martinique. Introduit de Vile d’Haiti, Duss 2023 (NY). St. Lucia, Barra d’Isle, eee 8740 (GH), Sturrock 41] (A); Edmund Forest, from plantation, Slane 331 (A-2). Guadeloupe. Boivin, Abymes, Stehlé 2036 (A). Trinidad. Port of Spain, Victoria Square, ee 7 (A), Sean 6537 (M QO). Colombia. BoLivar: Mpio. Cartagena, San Bernardo, Isla de Tintipan, 09°45'N, 76°04'W, Mar Caribe, Callejas & es 11026 (LL). Argentina. CorRIENTEs: Facultad de Agronomia y Veteri- naria [cult.], Krapovickas & Cristébal 11351 (GH, LL, TEX, US). Talipariti elatum is distinguished from other species of Talipariti in having a deciduous calyx and involucel, which falls with the corolla following anthesis, as is depicted in Fig. 2b. It also has larger flowers (calyx 3-5 cm long; petals 7-12 cm long, 2-4 cm wide) than most of the other species and is the only. yellow-flowered species to have a calyx 3 cm long or more (Fig. 2a). Kimber (1970) describes the economic uses of this species as a timber tree and its “incipient domestication.” It is sometimes planted in monoculture (Dominica: Nicolson 2015; St. Lucia: Slane 311) for timber harvesting. Adams (1971, pp. 17 ff.) describes a case of introgression of Seaside Mahoe (T. tiliaceum var. tiliaceum) and Blue Mahoe (T. elatum) in St. Ann Parish, Jamai- ca, at an elevation intermediate between those of the two parental species, and the same phenomenon was noted by Kimber (1970). Such hybridization and/or introgression can occur where these species come into contact, but it seems to have little or no effect on the overall integrity of the two species, although it can pose problems in the identification of individual specimens from such hybrid- derived populations. A lectotype is here chosen for the name Pariti grande Britton. A series of specimens, mostly collected by W. M. Buswell in 1930 in Fort Myers, exists in the NY herbarium together with several letters from Buswell to Small and some drawings by Buswell. These represent two or perhaps three species (or two species 244 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 and a hybrid) that were evidently the basis for the treatment of Pariti in Small’s Flora. Four of these sheets clearly represent the basis for the name P. grande, although none of them is so annotated. One of them is here designated as lecto- type and has been so labeled. 9. Talipariti ellipticifolium (Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus ellip- ticifolius Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 55, fig. 7. 1956.—Type: Papua New Guinea. East Sepik: Karosomeri River, Womersley NGF-3689 (holo- type: LAE; isotypes: A!, BM, BO, BRI, K as photo TEX!, L!, SING). Fig. 20. Trees “slender and straight” 8-20 m tall, the twigs sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent (the hairs ca. 0.5 mm long), glabrescent. Leaf blades broadly elliptic to ovate, 9-21 cm long, 5-15 cm wide, basally rounded to subtruncate (rarely somewhat cordate), the margin entire, apically short-acuminate, palmately 5—7-nerved, sparsely stellate-puberulent (especially on nerves) to glabrescent above, more densely puberulent beneath, the midrib abaxially with a nectary 5-11 mm long positioned ca. 1 cm above the leaf base; petioles 2.5-10.5 cm long, with pubescence like stem; stipules 7-12 mm long, 4-6 mm wide, ovate, acute, sessile and amplexicaul, minutely stellate-pubescent, deciduous. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 1-2 cm long; involucellar bracts (Fig. 20) 6, distinct, lanceolate, 10-12 mm long, 3-5 mm wide, narrowed at base, spreading or reflexed, minutely pubes- cent or glabrous; calyx (Fig. 20) 2-3 cm long, externally scabrid with stiff stellate hairs 0.5—1 mm long (especially toward the base), internally with minute stellate hairs, ca. half-divided, the lobes triangular or ovate, 8-15 mm long, 5-nerved, with a prominent nectary on each midrib positioned relatively near the base; petals 7-8 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide, bright pink or red, externally pubescent, the hairs semi- lepidote; staminal column 4-7 cm long, basally pubescent, distally filamentiferous, the filaments 4-8 mm long, anthers purple; styles emergent from the staminal column, glabrous, the stigmas capitate, greenish, 2 mm in diameter. Capsules ovoid, ca. 2 cm long, 1.5 cm in diameter, 5-loculate (“10-celled”), acute to acumi- nate, antrorsely hirsute, the hairs 2-3 mm long; seeds unknown. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower from May thorugh August. Distribution. Papua New eer (see map in Borssum Waalkes 1956: 42, fig. 1); in secondary forest; 10-10 Illustration. Borssum Waalkes (1956: 56, Tis. 7): ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Papua New Guinea. East Sepik: near Ambunti, 10 m, Hoogland & Craven 10182 (US, L-2); Ambunti Subdistrict, near Wagu, 60 m, Hoogland & Craven 10372 (K, L-2): Ambunti Subdistrict, along Yapa ee peace 120 m, Hoogland & Craven 10613 (L-2); Ango- ram Subdistrict, Amboin, ca. 100 m, 04°40'S, 143°35'E, Millar & Dockrill NGF-35169 (L); et Subdistrict, Amboin, 50 m, 04°5'S, me Sian vii NGF-37543 (L).—Mapbana: N of Aiome statio 120 m, 05°07'S, 144°45' é ee NGF-27448 (L); near Mawan village, Gogol Valley, 60 m, Hound 4880 (K, L-2); road to Utu, 60 m, 05°15'S, 145°40'E, Millar NGF-22653 (L); Madang Subdistr Gogol Forestry Station, - m, 05°10" S, 145°25'E, Stevens & Stone LA E-54694 (K, L). Talipariti ellipticifolium stands out for having a reflexed involucel of six dis- tinct, lanceolate bracts, which reveals a calyx with five prominent nectaries (Fig. 20). This species is noted by Hoogland & Craven 10372 as a source of timber “used in house building.” Takeuchi (2000) states that the bark “is used as wall panels in houses” (p. 57) and “is peeled in strips as a sleeping mat” (p. 59). 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 245 10. Talipariti glabrum (Matsumura) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus glaber Matsumura ex Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 310. 1914. Pariti glabrum (Matsumura) Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 21: 99. 1936.—Type: JAPAN. [Bonin Islands] “Ogasawarajima,” Matsumura s.n. (holotype: TI). Hibiscus glaber var. cordatus Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 310. 1914.—Type: Japan. Bonin Islands: in insula Chichisima, Asahiyama, 13 Aug 1905, Hattori s.n. (holotype: TI). Hibiscus boninensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. Tokyo 28: 311. 1914. Pariti boninense (Nakai) Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 21: 98. 1936.—Type: Japan. Bonin Islands: in insula Muk6ésima, 5 Aug 1905, Hattori s.n. (holotype: TT; iso- type: TI). Figs. 1j, 2h. Trees 4-7 m tall, the stems glabrous or nearly so. Leaf blades leathery, broadly ovate, 3-10 cm long, 2.5-10 cm wide, the distal leaves smaller and narrower (some- times oblong), basally rounded or shallowly cordate, the margin entire, apically acute or short-acuminate, glabrous, palmately 3-5 (—7)-nerved (the nerves raised beneath), with a small (1.5-3 mm) but prominent nectary at base of midrib beneath; petioles 1-3 (-7) cm long, glabrous or with a few weak stellate hairs <1 mm long; stipules (Fig. 1j) 15-25 mm long, 5-7 mm wide, oblong, sessile and amplexicaul, entire, apically rounded, essentially glabrous but with a white margin made up of a dense line of minute whitish arachnoid hairs, deciduous, leaving arched annular scars surrounding each node. Pedicels solitary, axillary or subterminal, 1-2 cm long in flower, 5—7.5 cm long in fruit, distally stout (2 mm in diameter), glabrous; involucel (Fig. 2h) cupuliform, 8-10-toothed, obscurely but densely pubescent, the stellate hairs minute (< 0.1 mm long), the teeth 2-3 mm long, sinuses rounded, internally densely yellowish pubescent; calyx (Fig. 2h) 20-22 mm long, greatly exceeding involucel, deeply 5-parted, the lobes 1.5 cm long, 6 mm wide, lanceolate, weakly ribbed, densely and minutely pubescent (obscurely so externally, prominently so internally), the calyx nectaries present and obscure or vestigial; petals 3-3.5 cm long, ca. 2 cm wide, yellow (fading red) with maroon center, externally pubescent, internally glabrous, the margins of the claw densely pubescent; staminal column 1.2-1.3 cm long, pallid, glabrous, filamentiferous throughout, the filaments ca. | mm long, the anthers yellow; styles emerging from the androecium (but 1 cm shorter than the corolla), the stigmas clavate, densely villous, dark purple. Cap- sules ovoid, shorter than to slightly exceeding the calyx, 12-15 mm long and in diameter, 5-locular, apically acute or obtuse (rarely slightly retuse), densely vil- lous, the hairs ca. 0.5 mm long, yellowish, appressed; seeds numerous, 4-5 mm long, densely pubescent, the hairs 0.5—1 mm long. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Apparently flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Distribution. Bonin Islands: Muko Jima, Chichi Jima, and Haha Jima (Haha- sima); 0-600 m (“abundant sea level to Mt. tops” Wilson 8264). One specimen is known from Yap Island, of the Caroline Islands Group. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Japan. Bonin IsLANDS: mountain back of Omura, Fosberg 31468 (NY, US), 3/475 (CTES, OSH, TEX), 3/479 (OSH, TEX), 3/487 (OSH, TEX); bay shore N of Omura, Fosberg 31494 (US); old radio station E of Yankeetown, Fosberg 31505 (OSH, TEX); Isl. Chichijima, Seto-miharashidai, Kanai & Ono 764275 (K, L, NY); Mikazukiyama, Murata et al. 9 (A); between Kiyose and Tsurihama, Murata et al. 60 (A); Sakiura, Murata et al. 66 (A); Mikazukiyama- Okumura, Sohma et al. 715020 (MO); Mt. Mikazuki, Ogasawara-mura, Fujita & Shimizu 13 (BISH), 14 (L), 309 (A) ; Mt. Hoa, Wilson 8239 (A, US); Chichijima, 3 May 1917, Wilson s.n. (A); Ogusawara Islands, Chichijima, above Tsuri-hama beach, Woolliams & Tannowa 43 (PTBG); without precise 246 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 locality, 1853-1856, Wright s.n. (US); Shima-itibi, 28 Sep 1909, s. coll. s.n. (US). Caroline Islands. Yap Istanp: Kanif, Takamatsu 1935 (US). U.S.A. Hawan. Kauai, Lawai Valley, Pacific Tropical Botanical Garden [cult.], Flynn 397 (PTBG), Flynn 6327 (BISH, PTBG, TEX); Oahu, Waimea Arboretum [cult., ex Chichijima], Simon 75 P800 (BISH). Talipariti glabrum is distinguished by its nearly glabrous foliage, its elongate (accrescent) fruiting pedicels, and by its distinctively white-margined stipules. It is closely allied to 7. hamabo, both morphologically and geographically, although it does not achieve as northerly (temperate) a distribution as does the latter species. According to Nakai (1936), Hibiscus glaber var. cordatus, also from Chichi Jima, differs in the cordate base of the leaf lamina. According to field notes (Wilson s.n.) the wood “is used by the Bonin Islanders for making the arms of canoes with which the outrigger is attached to the hull.” The Yap Island specimen cited above conforms to 7. glabrum, except that the stipules are not white-margined. The collection listed as “Hibiscus tiliaceus var. 8?” by Hooker & Arnott (Bot. Beechey’s Voy. 259. 1838.) is T. glabrum. 11. Talipariti hamabo (Sicbold & Zuccarini) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus hamabo Siebold & Zuccarini, Fl. Jap. 1: 176. 1841. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. hamabo (Siebold & Zuccarini) Maximowicz, Diagn. Pl. Nov. Asiat. no. 6, in Mélanges 12: 427. 1886. Pariti hamabo (Siebold & Zuccarini) Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 21: 99. 1936.—Type: Japan. “ad littora Wagaraki,” hb. von Sie- bold s.n. (lectotype, here designated: “exemplar quod florae japonicae componendae inseririt,” L-908.135-840!; isolectotypes: K-herb. Hooker!, “exemplar authenticum hb. Siebold,” L-908.135-827!). Figs. 1i, 2g. Trees or shrubs to 5 m tall, the young stems softly stellate-pubescent, the hairs 0.5 mm or less. Leaf blades broadly obovate, 5-7 cm long, 6-8 cm wide, basally cordate, the margin subentire or irregularly crenate or undulate, broadest above the middle, apically abruptly and shortly acuminate, pedately S—7-nerved, discolorous, densely whitish puberulent beneath, the upper surface sparsely and minutely stellate-pubescent (the hairs 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter), with an elongate nectary (Fig. li) 2-4 mm long at base of midrib beneath (sometimes obscure or even absent); petioles 1-2.5 cm long, with pubescence like stem; stipules (Fig. 1i) oblong-ovate, 12-15 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, sessile and amplexicaul, softly stel- late-pubescent externally, deciduous, leaving annular scars. Pedicels axillary and solitary or aggregated on short side branches in few-flowered inflorescences, 3-12 mm long, becoming stout (3-5 mm in diameter) in fruit; involucel (Fig. 2g) cupuli- form, 8-10 mm long, minutely puberulent, 8-10-toothed, the teeth narrowly trian- gular, 4-5 mm long; calyx (Fig. 2g) ca. 2. cm long, more densely pubescent than involucel, half (or more) divided, the lobes 10-13 mm long, with a strong midrib, the nectary on the midrib obscure; petals 4-5 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, bright yellow with a dark red center, externally pubescent; staminal column 1.5-2 cm long, about half the length of petals or less, glabrous, filamentiferous in the distal 2/3, the filaments 1—-1.5 mm long, the anthers yellow; styles emergent from the stami- nal column, purplish, the stigmas capitate, ca. 1 mm in diameter. Capsules ovoid, 2.5—3 cm long, 1.5—2 cm in diameter, 5-locular, acute to somewhat beaked, densely yellowish hirsute, the hairs antrorse, ca. 1 mm long; seeds reniform, 4.5 mm long, minutely papillate (seemingly glabrous). Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower and fruit from July through November. 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 247 Distribution. Southern Japan and Korea; near seashores (Ohwi 1965), some- times cultivated elsewhere. Illustrations. Bates (1965: 72, fig. 2C), Siebold & Zuccarini (1841, loc. cit., pl. 93*). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. China. TArwan: Taipei, University Campus [cult.], Huang 2386 (MO). India. Hort. Bot. Calcuttensis [cult.], s. coll. s.n. (L). Japan. Bonin IsLanps: without locality, 16 Sep 1908, s. coll. s.n. (US).—Honsuu: Nara Pref., Matsuyama, Ouda-machi, Uda-gun, Makino 71428 (L); Tenjimjima, Yokosuka, Prov. Sagami, Hondo, Mizushima 3068 (A).—Kyusuu: Pref. Kagoshima, Prov. Ohsumi, 20 May 1962, Furuse s.n. (A); Amakusa Island, Tomioka, 21 Aug 1935, Kuenberg s.n. (A); Nagasaki, 1863, Maximowicz s.n. (C, GH, K, L, NY, US-2); Tsushima Island, Mimoro 1764 (MO); Tsushima, S of Takeshiki, 34°17.5'N, 129°18'W, Moran 5573 (US); Nagasaki, Oldham 103 (GH, K, L).—Ryuxyu Is-tanps: Amami-Oshimas, Uken-son, Amano 6443 (US); 21 Oct 1906, Sakurai s.n. (A); in ditione Mikasa Kori, prope vicum Faruda Tamaye, s. coll. 873 (L).—SHIKOKU: Isl. Shodo, Shodo-gun, Proy. Sanuki, Satomi 11334 (A). Korea. Hpalkai, Taquet 597 (K); without clear sea te 2698 (A), ae 4139 (A). U.S.A. Hawam: Kauai: Koloa District, Lawai Valley, Natl. t. Gard. [cult.], Flynn 6325 (BISH, PTBG, TEX); Honolulu, Kapi’olani Park [cult.], Law 1392 pe an Haleiwa, Waimea Arboretum and Botanic Garden [cult.], s. coll. s.n. (NY, TEX The distinctive obovate leaf shape of 7. hamabo sets it apart from its conge- ners and makes it readily recognizable. It is the most northerly species of the genus, occurring to at least 34°N latitude. As might be expected, it is also the most cold tolerant. It can be cultivated with impunity in temperate areas where it is regularly subjected to winter freezing temperatures, although there are presum- ably limits to how prolonged such exposure can be. 12. Talipariti hastatum (L. f.) Fryxell, comb nov. Hibiscus hastatus L. f., Suppl. Pl. 310. 1781. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. hastatus (L. f.) Hochreutiner, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 63. 1900, nom. illegit. Pariti hastatum (L. f.) Degener & Greenwell in Degener, Fl. Haw. Fam. 221. 1957. Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. hastatus (L. f.) Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 36. 1966.— Type: Tahiti, Forster s.n. (holotype: LINN; probable isotypes, fide Borssum Waalkes 1966: BM, K, P). Hibiscus tricuspis Banks ex Cavanilles, Diss. 3: 152. t.55. £.2. 1787. Paritium tricuspe (Banks ex Cavanilles) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485, 1831.—Type: Society IsLANbs. Tahiti, Forster ?142 (holotype: P). Hibiscus corrugatus J. W. Moore, Bull. Bishop Mus., Honolulu no. 102: 31. 1933.—Type: Society IsLanps. Raiatea, near beach, 3.5 mi S of Uturoa, Moore 325 (holotype: BISH!; isotype: MO!). Bie: 2: Trees 3-14 m tall, the young stem finely arachnoid-pubescent and with scat- tered stellate hairs to 0.5 mm long, or glabrescent. Leaf blades variable, narrowly lanceolate, ovate, or more or less 3-lobed (the central lobe the largest and some- times secondarily lobed), the blade longer than broad (rarely as broad as long), 8- 17 cm long, 2-12 cm wide, basally truncate or cuneate (rarely subcordate), the margin subentire or undulate-crenate, apically acute or acuminate (or the lateral lobes obtuse), pedately 7-9-nerved (the midrib separated from two more or less pedate lateral fascicles of nerves), minutely stellate-pubescent beneath, subgla- brous above, sometimes with a prominent elongate nectary (6-8 mm long) on the midrib beneath, or foliar nectaries absent; petioles subequal to blades, to 16 cm long, more or less stellate-pubescent; stipules foliaceous, 3 cm long, 1-1.4 cm wide, lance-ovate, erect, sessile and amplexicaul, externally stellate-pubescent (hairs 248 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 ca. 0.5 mm long), deciduous, leaving annular scars. Flowers more or less aggregated at the ends of leafless branches, forming 3-6-flowered sympodia; pedicels 1-2 cm long, 3-4 mm thick in fruit; involucel (Fig. 2e) cupuliform, 8-10 mm long (about equaling the sinuses between the calyx lobes), minutely puberulent, ca. 10-toothed, the teeth 3-4 mm long; calyx (Fig. 2e) 2-2.8 cm long, more than half-divided, the lobes triangular, minutely pubescent, 1.5 cm long, 4-7 mm wide at base, with a small nectary on midrib of each lobe; petals 4-6 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, dark reddish, the blade yellow (fading orange or reddish), minutely stellate-pubescent, obovate or sometimes distally erose or deeply lacerate, the claws narrow; staminal column 2 cm long, glabrous, filamentiferous throughout length, the filaments 1-3 mm long; styles emergent from the staminal column, with dense short glandular (?) hairs, the stigmas obliquely capitate, ca. | mm in diameter. Capsules obovoid, 1.5 cm long, nearly equaling the calyx, 17-18 mm in diameter, 5-locular, densely and antrorsely hirsute, the hairs ferruginous, 0.5-1 mm long; seeds numerous, reniform, 4 mm long, obscurely and minutely scabridulous (seemingly glabrous). Chromosome number: 2n = ca. 80 (Youngman 1927; Longley 1933); 2n = 120 (Pushparajan et al. 1986). Phenology. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Distribution. Society Islands; on sandy seashores. Cultivated in tropical Asia (Mas- ters in Hooker, 1872; Paul & Nayar, 1988; Wight & Arnott 1834), Hawaii, and else- where. Introduced to Hawaii from Tahiti by G. P. Wilder, according to Wilder 34 (A). Illustrations. Bates (1965: 72, fig. 2B); Borssum Waalkes (1966: 37, fig. 6): Cavanilles (1787: t. 55, f. 2). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. U.S.A. FLoripA: Miami, Fairchild Tropical Garden [cult.], Houghton & White 1125 (MO).—Hawatu: Kauai: Koloa District, Lawai Valley, Natl. Trop. Bot. Gard. [cult.], Chapin et al. 27 (PTBG, TEX), Chapin et al. 20 (PTBG, TEX), Chapin et al. 21 (PTBG, TEX), Chapin et al. 24 (PTBG, TEX), Flynn 6326 (BISH, PTBG, TEX). Maui: Maui Zoological and Botani- cal Garden, from Spreckelsville beach, Davis & Sylva 1] (BISH). Molokai: beach at One Alii Park, Pelalo 48 (BISH). Oahu: Honolulu, Girls School [cult.], Grant 5610 (A, BISH), 25 Sep 1937, Judd et al. s.n. (BISH); Honolulu, Kalihi, nursery of Bishop Estate [cult.], 12 Nov 1930, Judd s.n. (BISH); Sanaa nae Park [cult.], Law 7398 (BISH); Waimea Arboretum and Botanic Garden, acces- a no 9 [cult., ei decree Lau 2814 (BISH); 1930 Ualakaa Street, Honolulu, [cult., from Tahiti], ne 34 (A, BISH). inidad. Botanic Garden, s. coll. 158 (US). India. Hort. Bot. Cal aaa s. d., s. coll. s.n. (GH) Fiji. Viti Levu, Tholo North, eae oe Tavua, Degener 14967 (A, BISH, MO, NY, TEX, US); without locality, Seemann 26 (GH). Papua New Guinea. New Britain: Nodup area, Waterhouse 307 (NY). Society Islands. eae Vaitape, in ney near sea, Fosberg 12169 (BISH); Dist. Teva- itapu, Popoti, Grant 5051 (BISH).—Maupitr: E coast, Maupiti \ jillage, Fosberg 64931 (US).—Moorea: Cote Est, Vaiare, bord de route prés du débarcadére, Florence 4712 (US),.—Ratatea: Baie d’ Opoa, 16°50'S, 151°22'W, Florence 3518 (US); Opoa, head of Opoa Bay, planted, growing in edge of water, Fosberg & Sachét 63234 (BISH, MO), planted in rows of trees along road, Fosberg & Sachét 63237 (BISH).—Raivavae: Village de Rairura (147°40'W, 23°52'S), Florence & Svkes 11189 (US).—Tanitt: Papeete, Parking de TOTAC, Florence 2377 (US); Dist. Hitiaa, beach, Grant 4502 (A, BISH); Dist. Mataiea, Grant 4556 (BISH); about 1 mi N of Papeete along shore, MacDaniels 1697 (BISH, NY, TEX, US); Papeari, Domaine Motu-Ovini, Maclet 34 (BISH); Papeete (Jardin de Mamao), Maclet 56 (US); PIRAE (Service Agriculture), Maclet 88 (US); ); Papeete, hedge in garden, Sachét 1406 (US); near Papawa bridge, Serchell & Parks 156 (BISH, GH, US); Jun 1792, Smith & Wiles s.n. (NY); Papeete, seashore, Wilder 506 (BISH). The leaf form of 7. hastatum is highly variable. It commonly has more or less 3-lobed leaves, although it sometimes has unlobed leaves, but then they are narrowly lanceolate rather than broadly ovate. Such leaf lobing is essentially unknown in other species of Talipariti. The petals of T. hastatum are also distinctive, in that they are 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 249 sometimes deeply laciniate (e.g., Lau 28/4), though this feature, too, 1s variable in expression. The extended inflorescence (sympodium) is a characteristic that 7. hastatum shares with T. potteri. A collector’s note (Degener 14967) says “fibers used in house-building,” pre- sumably in reference to bast fibers from the bark. Borssum Waalkes (1966: 36) states that the holotype of Hibiscus hastatus came to be in the Linnean Herbarium at the Linnean Society by a circuitous route, but neither Jackson (1912) nor the IDC microfiche of the Linnean Herbarium indicate the presence of the specimen. Borssum Waalkes also notes that the holo- type of Hibiscus tricuspis is in the general herbarium in Paris and not in Madrid. Garilleti (1993) verifies (by omission) its absence from Madrid. 13. Talipariti leeuwenii (Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus leeuwenti Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 50, fig. 5. 1956.—Type: New GUINEA. [INDoneEsIA. West Irian:] Mamberamo River, Albatros Bivouac, 30 m, Docters van Leeuwen 9113 (holotype: BO; isotypes: A! K, L-2!; photo of K isotype: TEX!). Trees 15-20 m tall, the twigs stellate-pubescent, the hairs ca. | mm long. Leaf blades broadly ovate, 6-16 cm long, slightly wider, basally cordate, the margins entire, apically acute, palmately 7-nerved, somewhat discolorous, both surfaces stellate-pubescent, the hairs ca. 0.5 mm in diameter, with a single foliar nectary 4— 10 mm long at base of blade; petioles 3-9 cm long, with pubescence like stem; stipules ca. 1 cm long, 0.5 cm wide, stellate-pubescent, sessile and amplexicaul, deciduous, leaving annular scars. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 1-4 cm long, stellate-pubescent; involucellar bracts 6, distinct, cordate-ovate (thus basally pli- cate), 2.5-3 cm long, 1.5-2 cm wide, acute, sparsely and obscurely pubescent; calyx 2.5-3 cm long (subequal to involucel), densely and minutely stellate-pubes- cent, more than half-divided, nectaries absent; petals [not seen] “lilac” or “red.” Capsules narrowly ovoid, 3 cm long, 1 cm in diameter, 5-angular, acuminate, hirsute with long simple appressed hairs and with minute stellate hairs, “10-locular” [ex descr.], minutely pilose internally; seeds numerous, reniform (distinctly curved), densely pilose, the hairs stellate, ferruginous. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower in March, May, and October. Distribution. New Guinea (see map in Borssum Waalkes 1956: 42, fig. 1); in primary forest at 30 m elevation. Illustration: Borssum Waalkes (1956: 51. fig. 5). ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Indonesia. West IRIAN: Mamberamo River, Pioneers Bivouac, 30 m, Van Eechoud 44 (=bb.31108) (L). Talipariti leeuwenii is distinguished by a combination of characters, as is indi- cated in the key to species. 14. Talipariti macrophyllum (Roxburgh ex Hornemann) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus macrophyllus Roxburgh ex Hornemann, Hort. Bot. Hafn. Suppl. 149. 1819. Paritium macrophyllum (Roxburgh ex Hornemann) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831.—Type: Botanic Garden, Calcutta from Chittagong?, Wallich s.n. (lectotype, here designated: C!, the sheet labeled “1b”; isotypes: C!, 6 additional sheets). 250 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Hibiscus setosus Roxburgh, Fl. Ind. 3: 194. 1832.—Type: Botanic Garden Cal- cutta, Roxburgh s.n. (lectotype, designated by Borssum Waalkes, 1966: BR-herb. Martius). Pigs: la,2c. Trees 15-25 m tall (sometimes smaller and shrubby), the young stems densely shaggy-hirsute with yellowish stellate hairs to 5-8 mm long simulating simple hairs, and with an understory of smaller stellate hairs. Leaf blades broadly ovate, 5—40 cm long, 4.5—S0 cm wide, basally deeply cordate, the margin crenulate to subentire, apically abruptly acuminate, palmately 7—9-nerved, discolorous, coarsely tomentose, more densely so and yellowish beneath, with a nectary on each princi- pal vein beneath positioned 1/3-2/3 the distance from base to apex, the nectary often obscured by pubescence; petioles 17-35 cm long, with pubescence like stem (especially basally); stipules (Fig. 1a) 3-11 cm long, 1.5—3 cm wide, ovate to scimi- tar-shaped, sessile and amplexicaul, hirsute (especially externally), deciduous, leav- ing annular scars. Pedicels axillary, solitary (or sometimes in 2-flowered sympo- dia), presented horizontally, | (-5) cm long, densely hirsute, the subtending leaves reduced to 6-8 cm long; involucel (Fig. 2c) ca. 2.5 cm long, the 8-10 elements nearly distinct, lanceolate or ligulate, ca. 3 mm wide, yellowish hirsute; calyx 2.5-3 cm long, slightly exceeding the involucel, more than half-divided, the 5 lobes each 3-nerved, less densely hirsute than involucel, nectaries absent; petals 4—6 cm long, 2-4 cm wide, yellow with dark red basal spot (fading purplish), glabrous within, externally hirsutulous; staminal column 3-4 cm long, glabrous (?), yellowish, fila- mentiferous throughout, the filaments 2-8 mm long; anthers yellow, 1.5 mm long; style exceeding staminal column by ca. 8 mm, dividing into 5 purplish red and pilose branches, the stigmas 1.5 mm wide (apparently clavate), minutely pilose. Capsules erect, obovoid, 2.5—3.5 cm long, 18-20 mm in diameter, 5-locular, apicu- late or beaked, shaggy-hirsute; seeds numerous, reniform, 4 mm long, with 3 mm ferruginous hairs along edges. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Distribution. India and the Malay peninsula to Java, the Philippines, and southern China; in secondary forests from the lowlands up to 1400 m, never along the coast. Cultivated and naturalized in Hawaii and perhaps elsewhere. See map in Phuphathanophong et al. (1989: fig. 11) for distribution in Thailand. Illustrations. Bates (1965: 72, fig. 2E); Degener (1932: fam. 221), Feng (1984: 16, fig. 1); Hu (1955: pl. 19, fig. 7); Phuphathanophong et al. (1989: fig. 10); Wallich (1830, vol. 1: 44. t. ¢ 51) ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Bangladesh. Chittagong Hill Tracts, Mainimukh on the north- ern side, Hug 3184 (L); Chittagong Hill Tracts, eae Lister 44 (L). China. YUNNAN: Fo-Hai, Wang 74628 (A); without locality, Wang 77660 (A). India. AssAm: Naga Hills, Nambor Forest, Bor 18538 (L); without locality, Griffith 477 (C, GH, K, L), Masters s.n. (L). —NAGALAND: Dinapur Forest, along railroad track, Srivastava et al. 91664 (MO).—Without locality: “Ind. or.” Wallich 1905 (L); Hort. Bot. Calcuttensis, s. coll. s.n.(L). Indonesia. Java. Res. Batavia, Weience 630 m, Bakhuizen van den Brink 4886 (L); Res. Madioen, Oostbank boven Plaosan, 1000-1200 m, Elbert 188 (L-2): Res. Bantam, Kuala Hills, Forbes 53/7 (K); Mt. Salak, cascade du Tjisahat, rochers de la cascade, 620 m Hochreutiner 1251 (L); Palabuanratu, Koorders 4575 (K); Distr. ppc Tyigenteng [cult.], Koorders 4577 (L); Mt. Karang, Kp. Monggos, 1000 m, Koorders 4578 (L); Distr. Batuhideung, Mt. Aree, Koorders 4579 (L); Pekalongan: Sirundo (Tjomal), coffee estate ee Koorders 11533 (LL Preangu, Palabuanratu, Koorders 11779 (L); Res. Pekalongan, Subah, Koorders 14222 (L); wear i mountains, Subermandjing near Kalipare, Koorders 23451 (L); Res. Bogor, Mt. Salak, Kp. Bumaga, 600 m, Koorders 24283 (L); Preanger, Pengalengan, 1400 m, Wind P7 (L); without locality, Zollinger 433 (A, L-2); Blume s.n. (NY); Koorders 13553 (K, L).—Sumatra. Deli-Atjeh border, edge of font 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI Dail mangrove swamp, Bangham & Bangham 651 (A, NY); Asahan, East Coast, Bartlett & La Rue 209 (GH, L). Laos. Vientiane, colline au nord de la digue du réservoir Nam Ngum, Vidal 5936 (US). Malaysia. KELANTAN: Ulu Kelantan, Sunbgei Ketil, Gua Musang, Shah & Ali 2853 (C); Ulu Kelantan, Galas FR, E a ae Batu Boh, Gua Musang, Shing FRI 19272 (A, K).—PAHANG: Maran/ Temerloh Road by Sg. Kemak Bridge No. 54/5, Burkill 2698 (L-2); Sungai Estates, Kadim & Mah- mood 105 (L).—Perak: Gunong Bubu, Whitmore FRI 0972 (A, L). —SELANGor: Ulu Muda For. Res North Kedah, Bray 11784 (L), Chan 6739 (K, L); Ulu Gombak, Stone 6662 (BISH, L). Bee Enoon ts Ulu Telemong, Bukit Rambai FR., Suppiah 11389 (L).—Sasan: Distr. Ranau, Poring Hot Springs at SE base of Mt. Kinabalu, 6°3'N, 116°42'W, Beaman et al. 7565 (L, MSC); Kinabalu National Park, en route from Poring Hot Springs and Langanan Waterfall, 600-900 m, Kokawa & Hotta 4745 (L); Distr. Ranau, ca. 1 mi N of Kampung Pinawantai, 1600 ft, Shea & Aban 7697] (A, L); Distr. Kota Belud, S$ of Sungei Mentenau, 1000 ft, Shea & pele 76302 (L). The Philippines. PALAWAN: Baraki, Fox 1344] (L); Butaraza, Rio Tuba, at western plains of Bulanjao Range, Soejarto & one &990 (A); Iraan Mountains, Aborlan, 200 m, cit 72520 (A, L). Singapore. Hort. Bot., 9 Jun 1904, Hallier s.n. (A, L), Sargent, 28 Oct 1903, Sargent s.n. (A-2). Thailand. Prachinburi, Sriracha ne Collins 343 (US), Collins 796 (K, US), Collins 1136 (C, K, US); Satun Province, Tarutao Island, Sea & Benes 285 (A); between Krabi and Phang Nga., Floto 779 (C-2, K, L); Nan, Doi Tiu ,K 5033 (K-2); Songkla Wang Yai, Kerr 14772 (C-2, K-2); ae Prov., Siricha Distr., Ken an 150 m eae 75-46 (L); Prov. Kanchanaburi, Distr. Sangklaburi, Toong Yai Naresuan Wildlife Beene Maxwell 94-538 (A); N Rachasima Natl. Park, ee 622 (C, K, L); Peninsular: Narathiwat, Waeng, Phusomsaeng 371 (C, K, L); Kanchanaburi, Southwestern Distr., Khao Yai, E of Sangkhala, van Beusekom & Phengkhali 288 (C, K, L-2). Vietnam. Envy. de Bién Hoa, Jun 1909, d’Alleizette s.n. (L); Prov. Bién hoa, Pierre 1109 (A-2, BISH-3, C, K, L-9, MO, NY, P, US). U.S.A. Hawar: Oahu, Honolulu, Degener garden [cult.], Degener 9995 (BISH, BRIT, NY, TEX), Degener 10331 (BISH, BRIT, GH, L, MO, NY); Oahu, Palama Valley, 1200 ft, (introduced from Samoa), 17 Jun 1936, Judd s.n. (BISH, NY); Hawula, Papali Gulch, 15 Jun 1989, Miller s.n. (BISH); Lyon Arboretum, Middle- Lawn Makai, Teraoka 149 (BISH-2); Hauula Valley, completely naturalized in wet forest, Topping 3151 (NY); HSPA Forest Nursery, Manoa Valley, Yuncker 3565 (NY). This is perhaps the most distinctive species of the genus and is set apart by a number of characters. Its remarkable pubescence is perhaps the most notable feature, with prominent yellowish hairs S—8 mm long on the herbage generally. In addition, it has very large stipules (Fig. 1a), distally placed foliar nectaries on relatively large leaves, obovoid capsules, and seeds with the long seed hairs con- fined to the edges of the seed. Talipariti macrophyllum is sometimes grown in cultivation and is reportedly used as a source of cordage (Fox 13441). A collector’s note (Judd s.n.) says “Bark used in Samoa for easina (Woolly lavalavas).” 15. Talipariti pleijtei (Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus pleijtei Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 46. 1956.—Typre: NEw Guinea [INDo- NESIA. West Irian:] Kadamak, vicinity of Sorong, 50 m, 11 Aug 1948, Pleijte 510 (holotype: BO; isotypes: A!, BRI, K, L!, P, PNH, SING). Fig. Le. Trees 13-25 m tall, the trunk buttressed, the twigs angular (ultimately terete), densely and very minutely puberulent or with fimbriate scales, becoming glabres- cent. Leaf blades coriaceous, ovate, 7-20 cm long, 4.5—14 cm wide, basally rounded or subcordate, the margin entire, apically short-acuminate, palmately 5-nerved, with scattered minute stellate hairs or fimbriate scales except more densely pubescent on nerves beneath, with a small to elongated nectary (2-10 mm long) 5-10 mm above the base of the blade on midrib beneath; petioles 1-5 cm long, minutely stellate-pubescent or glabrous; stipules (Fig. le) 10-25 mm long, 5-18 mm wide, oblong to subrotund, appressed, apically obtuse or acute, with scattered minute pubescence. Flowers solitary in the leaf axils or in terminal 2—10-flowered sympodia, 252 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 or these combined into complex inflorescences; pedicels 1.5—2 cm long; involucel- lar bracts 5—6, briefly connate at base, ovate to lanceolate (sometimes revolute?), acute, 8-12 mm long, 3-8 mm wide (or wider), internally minutely pilose, exter- nally with scattered stellate hairs or scales; calyx 12-16 mm long, ca. half-divided, the lobes ovate, acute, externally lepidote, internally minutely stellate-pubescent, ecostate, nectaries absent; petals 2.5-3 (-5?) cm long, 0.5-1 cm wide, red to pur- ple, oblong or ligulate, externally densely lepidote; staminal column 1.5—2 cm long (rarely to 5 cm), densely lanate at base together with base of petals forming a cushion, otherwise glabrous, filamentiferous distally, red to purple, the filaments ca. 2 mm long; styles emergent from the staminal column, distinct for ca. 3 mm, the stigmas capitellate, ca. | mm in diameter. Capsules ovoid, 1.5-2 cm long, 1-1.5 cm in diameter, slightly pentangular, acute, externally minutely lepidote, internally densely wooly, “10-locular” [ex descr.]; seeds numerous, reniform, 2.5 mm long, densely pubescent, the hairs ferruginous. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Probably flowering and fruiting throughout the year. Distribution. New Guinea (Vogelkop Peninsula and adjacent islands); mostly at low elevation in primary and secondary forest but once found (fide Borssum Waalkes, 1966) at 1400 m. Illustration: Borssum Waalkes (1956: 47, oF OG BF ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Indonesia. West IRIAN: Div. West New Guinea, Wersar (ca. 6 km S of Teminaboean), 10 m, Kalkman 6310 (K); W. New Guinea, Kaloal, Eiland Salawati, 3 m, Koster 1498 (L); Warsamson River, ca. 25 km E of Sorong, ca. 60 m, Schram 5965 (L); Warsamson- vlakte, Sorong, Schram 12330, 12383 (L); Vogelkop Peninsula, Sorong, 400 m, van Royen 3080 (K); Waigeo Island, N of Sorong, 10 m, van Royen 5516 ) Talipariti pleijtei and T. sepikensis are very similar, sharing the characters of relatively small flowers (calyx 1.2-1.6 cm long; petals pink or red) with lanate staminal columns, which set them apart from the remaining species. They are distinguished from each other by the characters given in the key. 16. Talipariti potteri (O. Degener & Greenwell) Fryxell, stat. et comb. nov. Pariti tiliaceum var. potteri O. Degener & Greenwell, Fl. Haw. fam. 221. 1956. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. potteri (O. Degener & Greenwell) St. John, Mem. Pacific Trop. Bot. Gard. 1: 230. 1973.—Type: U.S.A. Hawaii: cultivated: seeds said to have come from Guadalcanal, Solomon Islands, Degener & Degener 23758 (holotype: not located; isotypes: BISH! US!). Pig. 2); Trees to 10 m tall, the young stems minutely stellate-puberulent, the trunks erect (“not straggly [as in T. tiliaceum]”). Leaf blades broadly ovate, 8-17 cm long, 6-22 cm wide, basally deeply cordate (the sinus 2-5 cm deep), the margin entire, apically acute or subobtuse, pedately 9 (—11)-nerved, discolorous, the up- per surface subglabrous, the lower surface minutely puberulent (soft to the touch), the hairs stellate, whitish, 0.2 mm in diameter; nectaries 3 (—5), elongated, 9-19 mm long, on the principal nerves near base beneath; petioles 2-12 cm long, with pubescence like stem; stipules [not seen] deciduous, leaving curved annular scars. Flowers borne on extended sympodia (with much-reduced leaves), up to 35 cm long with 4-9 flowers each, the sympodia sometimes aggregated distally into a complex inflorescence; pedicels 2—3.5 cm long, curved (ascending from a declined rhachis?), stout (3-5 mm in diameter); involucel (Fig. 2j) cupuliform, 8-10-toothed, basally ribbed (at juncture with pedicel), the teeth subequal to the sinuses of 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI Boo calyx, triangular, 2-4 mm long, more or less reflexed in fruit; calyx (Fig. 2}) 18-20 mm long, deeply divided, minutely puberulent, each lobe ca. 1.5 cm long, with a prominent midrib and a (sometimes obscure or vestigial) nectary on midrib near center of each lobe; petals 3-6 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, yellow with maroon center, externally densely pubescent, internally glabrous; staminal column ca. 2 cm long, glabrous, filamentiferous throughout, the filaments 1-2 mm long; styles exceeding the staminal column by ca. 1 cm, pubescent, the stigmas capitate. Capsules (Fig. 2}) subglobose, short-beaked, slightly shorter than to subequal to calyx, 1.5 cm long, 1.5—2 cm in diameter, 5-locular (with papery internal dissepiments), densely pubescent, the hairs stellate, yellowish, 0.5 mm long or less; seeds numerous, dark brown, reniform, 4.5-S mm long, appearing glabrous but minutely papillate. Chro- mosome number unknown. Phenology. Collected in flower and fruit in February and from September through October, but the pattern is unclear. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Caroline Islands. Kosrae: Utwe District, coastal road from Utwe to Walag, 1-3 km W of Utwe, Lorence et al. 7868 (PTBG). U.S.A. Hawan. Oahu, Mokuleia Beach, Waialua, planted in Degener garden (from type tree), 15 Oct 1957, Degener & Degener 24352 (L, US). According to Degener and Greenwell (1956), 7. potteri was “Cultivated for curiosity mainly in the arboretum of the Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association in upper Manoa Valley, Oahu, and in Foster Botanical Gardens, Honolulu, of which M. Colin Potter is custodian. The seed was brought originally from Guadalcanal by an unknown member of one of the armed services during the Second World War.” During this study no additional material has come to light from Guadalcanal that conforms to this plant, although a recent collection from the Caroline Islands is interpreted as conspecific. Talipariti potteri is considered distinctive enough in several characters, most notably its extended sympodial inflorescences, reflexed involucel, and papillate seeds to be recognized at specific rank. The sympodial inflorescences may also be found in T. hastatum, T. pleijtei, T. pseudotiliaceum, T. sepikensis, usually in a reduced form, and to a much-reduced extent in 7. fortuo- sum and T. macrophyllum, but then only 2-flowered. Only in 7. hastatum and T. pleijtei are the sympodia as fully developed as in T. potteri, but in these species other characters amply distinguish them. 17. Talipariti pseudotiliaceum (Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus pseudotiliaceus Borssum Waalkes, Reinwardtia 4(1): 65, fig. 12. 1956.— Type: Movuccas. [InponesiA. Maluku:] Morotai, Tobelo, northern Tjao, 60 m, 2 Jul 1949, Tangkiliasian (Exp. Kostermans) 229 = bb. 33899 (holo- type: BO-116796; isotypes: BO, BZF, K! L! SING). Fig. 2n. Trees to 22 m tall, the twigs minutely and sparsely stellate-pubescent, perhaps eventually glabrescent. Leaf blades broadly ovate or suborbicular, up to 18 cm long, 20 cm wide, basally deeply cordate (the sinus 2-3 cm deep), the margin entire or minutely denticulate, apically subobtuse to short-acuminate, palmately 7-9-nerved, discolorous, sparsely stellate-pubescent above, densely stellate-pubes- cent beneath (the hairs ca. 1 mm in diameter), foliar nectaries absent; petioles 5— 12 cm long, with pubescence like that of the stem but denser; stipules 2-3 cm long, 1 cm wide, more or less elliptic to oblong, acute, externally stellate-pubescent, internally glabrous, eventually deciduous, the scars annular. Pedicels solitary in 254 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 the leaf axils (or in few-flowered axillary racemes?), 1-1.5 cm long, stout (3-4 mm in diameter), densely stellate-pubescent; involucellar bracts (Fig. 2n) 5—7, nearly distinct, 2-2.5 cm long (subequal to calyx), 8-12 mm wide, lanceolate to ovate, stellate-pubescent; calyx 2-3 cm long, densely stellate-pubescent, more than half- divided, each lobe prominently 3-ribbed, nectaries absent; petals 5 cm long [ex descr.], yellow; staminal tube and styles not seen. Capsules ovoid with a small beak, 1.5-2 cm long, 2 cm in diameter, 5-locular, densely yellowish pubescent; seeds numerous, reniform, 4 mm long, papillate. Chromosome number unknown. Illustration: Borssum Waalkes (1956, fig. 12). Talipariti pseudotiliaceum is the only species with few (5-8) involucellar bracts that has a yellow corolla. It is known only from the type, collected in primary forest. Borssum Waalkes (1956, 1966) included this species in a broadly conceived Hibiscus sect. Azanae, but considered it more closely allied to H. dalbertisii than to H. tiliaceus. He used the epithet “pseudotiliaceus” in reference to the strong similarity of the stipules of his new species to those of H. tiliaceus. 18. Talipariti schlechteri (Lauterbach) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus schlechteri Lauterbach, Nachtr. Fl. Deutsch. Schutzgeb. Siidsee 316. 1905.—Type: “Neu-Mecklenburg: in den Gebirgswialdern bei Punam,” Schlechter 14658 (holotype: B, destroyed).—Papua New Guinea. West New Britain: Pulie River, about 10 mi from mouth, east side, Kandrian Subdist., 06°04'S, 149°12'E, 100 ft, 15 Mar 1966, Henty & Frodin NGF-27205 (neotype, here designated: NY-2!). Fig. 4. Trees ca. 12 m tall, the young stems with minute stellate hairs (0.5—1 mm in diameter), these quickly lost leaving obscure lepidote scales (less than 0.5 mm in diameter). Leaf blades broadly ovate, 15-25 cm long, 16-33 cm wide, basally rounded to deeply cordate, the margin entire to obscurely crenulate, apically subobtuse to acute or short-acuminate, palmately 7—9-nerved, discolorous, sparsely pubescent with minute stellate hairs (0.5-1 mm in diameter) or lepidote scales (0.3 mm in diameter) on both surfaces; with an elongate nectary, 9-18 mm long, near the base of the midrib beneath; petioles 6-17 cm long, with pubescence like stem; stipules 2.5-3 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, broadly ovate-sessile, basally auricu- late, acute, densely stellate-pubescent externally, deciduous, leaving annular scars. Pedicels solitary in the leaf axils, 10-14 cm long, minutely and obscurely lepidote (like stem), 3-7 mm in diameter (increasing distally); involucellar bracts 5—7, these ovate with a narrowed base, ca. 3 cm long, 1-2 cm wide (somewhat unequal in size), sparsely lepidote, entire, acute, degree of distinctness unknown; calyx 5-5.5 cm long, densely lepidote, deeply divided, more or less ecostate, nectaries evi- dently absent; corolla [not seen] “bright red, slightly contorted/whorled with pale centre; underside of petals with brown scales”; staminal column and styles not seen. Capsules 4—4.5 cm long, 5-locular, dehiscent, externally lepidote and/or stel- late-pubescent (the available specimens badly weathered); seeds (not seen) de- scribed as “densely brown-pilose. Distribution. Known only from the island of New Britain, Papua New Guinea. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Papua New Guinea. West New Britain: ee Subdistrict, Alimbit River, 06°05'S, 149°35'E, standing at water’s edge in fresh water reach of river, 8 Oct 1965, Gillison NGF-22479 (K).—South New Britain: near Urin, 05°43'S, 149°05'E, 50 4 White NGF-10011 (CANB). FIG. 4. Talipariti schlechteri. Fruiting branch (Gillison NGF-22479). This species stands out for its very large calyces and fruits and for its elongated pedicels, especially in a genus otherwise characterized by relatively short pedicels (with the additional exception of 7. glabrum). The red flowers, described by Borssum Waalkes (1966) as “in sicco dark red, in vivo yellow” (a description apparently taken from the protologue), lepidote pubescence, and the nature of 256 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 the involucel indicate an alliance with 7. archboldianum, and indeed Borssum Waalkes (1966) kept 7. schlechteri only provisionally distinct from this species; how- ever, it may be distinguished from 7. archboldianum by its larger leaves, stipules, pedicels, and fruits, and by the presence of a large foliar nectary. The auriculate stipules and very long pedicels appear to be unique features of T. schlechteri. The collections studied differ slightly in pubescence; the Gillison specimen is covered with minute lepidote scales and the Henty & Frodin specimen by minute stellate pubescence. In spite of this slight difference they are deemed to be conspecific. The holotype was kept at the Berlin herbarium and was destroyed. No iso- types were indicated to exist by Borssum Waalkes (1966), whose study of the Malesian Malvaceae kept in European herbaria was very thorough. It is pre- sumed, therefore, that no isotypes exist, and that the designation of a neotype is appropriate. The Henty & Frodin specimen (NGF-22479) is selected, because it agrees with the protologue in pubescence type. The elongated pedicels are so unusual that they invite comparison with those of several species of the genus Wercklea, notably W. woodsonii (A. Robyns) Fryxell (Fryxell 1981, figs. 27 and 28); this similarity is further discussed above under “Generic Affinities.” 19. Talipariti sepikense (Borssum Waalkes) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus sepikensis Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 46. 1966.—Type: PapuA New Guinea: [West] Sepik District, Darbyshire & Hoogland 8234 (holotype: L!; isotypes: A! K!). Pigs, Le. 2), Trees [5-19 m tall, the twigs terete, minutely lepidote becoming glabrescent. Leaf blades coriaceous, ovate, elliptic, or subobovate, 6-18 cm long, 4.5-11.5 cm wide, basally rounded to cordate, the margin entire, apically short-acuminate, palmately 5-nerved, minutely lepidote above and beneath, the midrib beneath with an elliptic nectary near the base; petioles 1.5-8 cm long, minutely lepidote: stipules (Fig. 1g) 7-10 mm long, 5 mm wide, broadly ovate, acute, appressed to the stem to spreading, deciduous (sometimes tardily so). Flowers in few-flowered sympodia in the upper axils; pedicels 1.5-2 cm long at anthesis, accrescent to 2.5 cm in fruit, minutely lepidote, sulcate when dried; involucellar bracts (Fig. 21) 5, nearly distinct, 5-7 mm long, 5-8 mm wide, ovate, shortly acuminate, externally minutely and sparsely scaly, internally glabrous; calyx (Fig. 21) ca. 15 mm long, half-divided, the lobes 5-6 mm wide, ovate, acute, externally lepidote, internally stellate-puberulent, nectaries apparently absent; petals 3-4 cm long, | cm wide, pink, oblong, externally densely lepidote, stellate pubescent on margins of claw; staminal column ca. 1.5 cm long, densely lanate at base (together with the petal bases forming a cushion), filamentiferous in the upper portion, the filaments 2-3 mm long; styles emergent from the staminal column, glabrous, free for distal 5 mm, the stigmas capitate, 1—-1.5 mm in diameter. Capsules [immature] ovoid, acumi- nate, densely lepidote, “10-locular” [ex deser.]; seeds reniform ca. 3 mm long, densely lanate. Chromosome number unknown. Distribution. Papua New Guinea; “along creek in garden regrowth and on riverbank”; below 200 m Phenology. Collected in flower and fruit from July through August. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Papua New Guinea. West Sepik: Aitape Subdistr., near Wnatipi village, on Bliri River, 650 ft, Darbyshire & Hoogland 8350 (A, L). 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 257) Talipariti sepikense is very similar to T. p/leijtei, but they are sufficiently differ- ent to be accepted as distinct. In addition to the characters given in the key, 7. sepikense has herbage that is more prominently lepidote than that of T. pleijtei. 20. Talipariti simile (Blume) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus similis Blume, Bijdrag 2: 73. 1825. Paritium simile (Blume) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. similis (Blume) Hochreutiner, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 15-16: 244. 1912. Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. similis (Blume) Borssum Waalkes, Blumea 14: 33. 1966.—Tyre: INDONEsIA. Java, Blume s.n. (lectotype, designated by Borssum Waalkes, 1966: P). [Authentic material was not found at L, fide Borssum Waalkes 1966, p. 34.] Hibiscus tiliaceus var. hirsutus Hochreutiner, Annuaire Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 64. 1900.—Type: INDongEsIA. Java. Tjikoja, cr. in graminosis prope Buitenzorg, Zollinger 132 (lectotype, designated by Borssum Waalkes, 1966: G; isolectotypes: BM, FI, L-2!, P). Hibiscus tortuosus Wallich ex Prain, Bengal pl. 1: 268. 1903, non Hibiscus tortuosus Roxburgh, 1832. Hibiscus prainii Raizada & Chatterjee, Sci. & Cult. 26: 47. 1960.—Type: INp1A. Wallich 1913.A (holotype: CAL; isotype: K-W, labeled “/9/3.1"). Fig. 2d. Trees to 20 m tall, the younger stems with minute arachnoid hairs and larger stellate hairs 1-1.5 mm long, the stems eventually glabrescent and purplish. Leaf blades ovate, 6-20 cm long, 5-24 cm wide, basally deeply cordate, the margin finely crenate-undulate to subentire, apically acute or acuminate, palmately 5—9- nerved, discolorous, the upper surface sparsely pubescent with scattered stellate hairs 0.5—1 mm in diameter, the lower surface whitish, the surface obscured by dense stellate pubescence, the hairs yellowish on the nerves; foliar nectaries 3-7, elongate, 5-25 mm long or sometimes even longer on midrib, and positioned distally on principal nerves, 1/3-2/3 the distance from base to apex of blade; petioles 4-11 cm long, half length of blade or less (sometimes longer), with pubes- cence like stem; stipules lance-oblong, sometimes asymmetrically so, S—7 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, acute, externally stellate-hirsute (the hairs somewhat coarser than on the blade), internally strigose, the hairs mostly simple and antrorse, ca. 1 mm long, sometimes glabrous (e.g., Pieters 2533), deciduous, leaving annular scars. Flowers subsessile between a pair of reduced stipules, often borne on an elongated lateral branchlet and thus appearing long-pedicellate; involucel (Fig. 2d) cupuli- form, 15-18 mm long (ca. half length of calyx), densely yellowish pubescent, ca. 10-toothed, the teeth 7-10 mm long, narrowly triangular; calyx (Fig. 2d) ca. 3 cm long, densely yellowish pubescent, nectaries very obscure or absent; petals 5—7 cm long, 3-4 cm wide, yellow with red center, more or less stellate-pubescent, the margin of claw hirsute; staminal column 3.5 cm long, glabrous, filamentiferous throughout, the filaments 2 mm long; styles and stigmas emergent from the stami- nal column, purplish, stigmas obliquely capitate, ca. 1 mm diameter. Capsules (Fig. 2d) ovoid (not beaked), ca. 2.5 cm long, ca. 2 cm in diameter, 5-locular, antrorsely hirsute; seeds not seen. Chromosome number unknown. Phenology. Probably flowering throughout the year; fruits seldom seen, with abortive seeds. Distribution. India, the Malay Peninsula, Sumatra, Java, and Borneo. “Low- lands and mountains up to ca. 1400 m in or near inhabited places, occasionally in 258 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 secondary vegetation, possibly as a relict of cultivation; never along or near the coast” (Borssum Waalkes 1966, p. 34) DITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Indonesia. JAvA. Buitenzorg, Tabanabon, 450 m, Bakhuizen van i Brink 7802 (L); Oudemansgracht te Buitenzorg, Harreveld 2537 (L); without locality, Jung- huhn 191 (L-2); Res. Preanger, Pangentjongan, NW Mt. Glunggung, 1300 m, reafforestation, Koorders 10972 (L-2); ne Koorders 13558 (L-2); Pekalongan (Res.), Subah, Koorders 13563 (L-2); Res. Semarang, ee aediat Koorders 25127 (1), 25339 (L). Res. Benkam, Pangissisan, Koorders 4566 (L); Buababu, 700 m, Popta 324 (L-2). Hort. Bot. Bogor., 1867, Teijsmann s.n. (L-2).—KALIMANTAN: Duersin, Korthals s.d.[1836?], s.n. (L-3).—SuMaATRA. West coast between Panti and Lubuk Sikaping, JO m, Borssum Waalkes 1780 (L-2); without locality, 150 m, Granhoff 263 (L); Lamponges, Sepoetik, Pieters 2533 (LL). Malaysia. NeGer! SEMBILAN: Kg. Sungai Layang, Chin & Mustafa 3295 (BISH, MO). Prain (1903), Raizada and Chatterjee (1960), and Borssum Waalkes (1966) consider 7. simile a hybrid of 7. macrophyllum and T. tiliaceum. It is intermediate between the two species in most characteristics (cf. Figs. 2c, d, and i), and shows the distinctive distal positioning of the foliar nectaries that is also found in P. macrophyllum but in no other species of the genus. Its abortive seeds support the interpretation of hybridity. The question of how it propagates and maintains itself in nature, if it is characterized by sterility, remains unanswered. Borssum Waalkes (1966: 34) says “Presumably [it] does not really occur wild. It is often planted as a shade tree in the area,” and many (most?) specimens are noted by their collectors as cultivated. It is propagated vegetatively (by cuttings) according to Koorders and Valeton (1895). Use of the bark for rope is reported on a collector’s label (Koorders 10972). 21. Talipariti tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus tiliaceus L., Sp. pl. 694. 753. Paritium tiliaceum (L.) St.-Hilaire, Fl. Bras. Merid. 1: 256. 1828.— Type: Herb. Hermann, vol. 3, fol. 51, Linnaeus no. 258 (holotype: BM). Figs. 1b, 21,5 = Shrubs or trees 3-8 m tall, often with low spreading branches, the stems minutely and softly pubescent (to glabrescent), the hairs stellate and subarach- noid. Leaf blades coriaceous, broadly ovate (sometimes obscurely pentagonal), mostly 6-13 cm long, slightly wider than long, basally deeply cordate, the margin entire to obscurely denticulate or crenulate, apically short-acuminate, discolorous, glabrate above, minutely and densely stellate-pubescent beneath to nearly gla- brous, palmately or pedately 7-9-nerved, the veins raised beneath, the principal (1-5) veins abaxially with a nectary at the base of each, the nectaries 2-7 mm long; petioles 4-12 cm long (commonly subequal to the blade), with pubescence like stem but often denser, especially distally; stipules (Fig. 1b) 1.54 cm long, 8— 14 mm wide, oblong-lanceolate, sessile and amplexicaul enclosing the apical bud, acute, many-veined, stellate-puberulent externally, glabrous internally, deciduous, leaving annular scars. Flowers solitary in the axils (or aggregated distally with reduced leaves); pedicels 0.5—3 cm long (above the articulation), often congested at the apices of the branches, minutely stellate-pubescent; involucel (Fig. 21) cupu- liform, half length of calyx or less, obscurely puberulent, 8-12 (—20)-dentate, the teeth 1-6 (-20) mm long, triangular to lanceolate, the sinuses broadly rounded; calyx (Fig. 21) 1.5-2 cm long, densely stellate-pubescent, more than half-divided, the lobes lanceolate-acute, 12-15 mm long, 6-8 mm wide, with a nectary medially positioned on midrib of each lobe (nectaries sometimes absent); corolla yellow 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 259. (fading orange, sometimes drying dark greenish) with or without a red center, the petals 4-6 (-8) cm long, externally densely and minutely pubescent, internally glabrous; staminal column 2.5-3 cm long, glabrous, pallid, surmounted by 5 trian- gular teeth, filamentiferous nearly the length of the column, the filaments 1-3 mm long; styles emergent from staminal column, stigmas 5, capitate, 2 mm in diame- ter, purplish. Capsule subglobose or slightly obovoid, subequal to calyx, 1.5—2 cm long, 1.5—2 cm in diameter, 5-locular, densely antrorsely pubescent, the hairs yel- lowish or brownish; seeds numerous, 4 mm long, minutely papillate. Chromosome number (var. tiliaceum): 2n = ca. 80 (Skovsted 1941), 2n = ca. 92 (Skovsted 1935), 2n = 96 (Skottsberg 1955; Youngman 1927). Phenology. Probably flowering and fruiting throughout the year, unless a dry season induces a hiatus. The most difficult problem in dealing with the taxonomy of Talipariti is how to interpret 7. tiliaceum sensu lato. It is a highly variable taxon but may be only imperfectly subdivided into constituent taxa. I have taken a middle road here, recog- nizing where possible the clearly distinct taxa in specific rank (e.g., 7. hastatum, T. hamabo, T. crestaense, etc.) but not submerging all of the yellow-flowered repre- sentatives into an olio called 7. tiliaceum, as some authors have done. Even with the clear-cut segregates removed, what remains is highly variable and not easily interpreted. On the one hand, the neotropical material of this complex is relatively uniform and fairly readily characterized. On the other hand, the paleotropical material (including some introductions into the New World in cultivation) retains a great deal of variability, including many of the character states that are common in the neotropical plants. Therefore, the neotropical plants are recognized in infraspe- cific rank as T. tiliaceum var. pernambucense, and the name 7. tiliaceum var. tiliaceum is reserved for the highly variable residuum. Future studies of these plants may reveal a pattern in the variability that has not yet been discerned. This distinction between the New and Old World representatives was already noted by St. Hilaire (1828). When he proposed the combination Paritium tiliaceum, he expressed doubt that the plant he was describing from Guaratuba, Brazil (at the border of the provinces of SAo Paulo and Santa Catarina), was the same as the Old World species of Linnaeus, and suggested that it might be a variety of this species or even a distinct species. Indeed, there are probably additional as yet unrecognized species (or infraspe- cific taxa) hidden within the residual variablity of what is here treated as var. tiliaceum. For example, there are two specimens with distinctively trilobulate, deeply cordate leaves (Marianas Islands, Rota, Evans 2020 [US]; and Caroline Islands, Woleia Atoll, A/kire 28 [US]) that are unlike anything otherwise seen in leaf form in a broadly conceived T. tiliaceum. They clearly pertain to Talipariti on the basis of the foliar nectaries and stipule scars; however, both are sterile speci- mens, and their evaluation, therefore, awaits the collection of additional, fertile material. It is also possible that this leaf form is merely a manifestation of the sterile condition. Field studies will probably be necessary to evaluate this possibil- ity. Christophersen (1935: 143) notes that “Dr. F. B. H. Brown has drawn my attention to the growth in the Marquesas Islands of crenate, glabrate leaves on sterile branches of trees which otherwise have entire, densely tomentose leaves. This species [T. tiliaceum] is variable with little constancy in its variations. Its polymorphic features will add to the difficulties of a satisfactory classification.” One interpretation of this distributional pattern is that the relatively uniform var. pernambucense may be a recent introduction from the Old World that spread 260 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 throughout the Americas without diversifying significantly. Its uniformity may exemplify the founder effect of a unique dispersal event. An alternative interpre- tation is that the New World material was at some time introduced into the Old World, and that interbreeding and hybrid swarms gave rise to the very high level of variability that now characterizes the paleotropical region. Evidence to distin- guish between these two alternatives is not in hand at the present time. KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF TALIPARITI TILIACEUM Corolla yellow with prominent red center; stipule scars ede straight or ee curved; epidermis of involucel and stipules visible through pubescenc 21a. T. tiliaceum var. tiliaceum. Corolla pene without red center; stipule scars ate curved; Petit of involucel and stipules obscured by pubescence. 21b. 7. tiliaceum var. pernambucense. 21a. Talipariti tiliaceum var. tiliaceum. Hibiscus circinnatus Willdenow, Enum. pl. hort. berol. 735. 1809. Paritium circinnatum (Willdenow) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831.—Type: ex Hort. Schoenbr. 1804 (holotype: B-W no. 12862!). Hibiscus porophyllus Vellozo, Fl. Flum. 7: pl. 28. 1825 [1829]—Tvype: Vellozo’s plate no. 28 (lectotype, here designated). Hibiscus tiliaceus var. purpurascens Seemann, Fl. Vit. 18. 1865.—Tyee: Fur. Somosomo, Taveuni, 1860, Seemann 24 (holotype: K!; isotypes: GH! K!). Pariti tiliaceum f. albiflorum O. Degener & Greenwell, Fl. Haw., fam. 221. 1956.—Type: U.S.A. Hawaii. Oahu, Honolulu, 1930 Ualakaa St., from slip of plant brought from Paparas Distr., Tahiti, 24 May 1933, Wilder s.n. (holotype: BISH!). Distribution. Shores of the Indian Ocean and western Pacific Ocean; at or near sea level on riverbanks or in mangrove associations, sometimes at higher elevation (e.g., Craven & Schodde 104); sometimes cultivated elsewhere in the tropics. Merrill (1920) disputed the ideas of Cook and Cook (1918) concerning the distribution of H. tiliaceus and the role played by humans in achieving its “pan- tropical” range. The authors, however, were unaware that the Old World and New World plants are in fact two distinct taxa, vicariads, and that transport from the paleotropics to the neotropics (or vice-versa) had in fact not occurred, at least not in terms of humans transporting cultivated plants. Illustrations. Bates (1965: 72, fig. 2A); Feng (1984: 16, figs. 2-3); Hochreutiner (1955: 17, fig. IV, 3-5); Hu (1955: pl. 19, fig. 6); Li (1963: 546, fig. 211); Marais & Friedmann (1987: 28, pl. 7, figs. 4-5); Ngwe (1971: 238, fig. 30); Sivarajan & Pradeep (1995: 92, fig. 28); Walker (1950, fig. 127); Wight (1838: pl. 7). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. China, HAINAN: Taipin, Gressit 1094 (MO); Yaichow, How 70884, 70460 (MO).—Honc Kona: Lantao Island, Tungchung and vicinity, Taipo, Taam 1736 (US).— Kwancrunc: Honam Island, Levine 957 (MO).—Tatwan: Koken, prov. Kagi, Wilson 9906 (US). India. Calcutta, Royal Botanic Garden [cult.], Raizada 21717 (MO); E. Bengal, Gaghkali River, Kurishkool, Sinclair 3964 (US). Indonesia. JAva: Karimondjava Island, near coast, Hoogerwerf 67 (BISH); Pasir- putih, Fosberg 39740 (BISH).—Sumarra: Enggano Island, Boea-Boea, Liitjeharms 3878 (BISH). Japan. Bonin IsLANbs: Iwojima, Motoyama, Ono 193654 (MO); es [Bonin] Islands, renee Kominato Beach, ae & Tannowa 15 (PTBG).—Ryukyu Is-anps: Taketomi Shima, ar Aibaru Saki, Fosberg 37580 (US); Nikao Jima, N of Yaabari, 2.3 km ESE a Hirara, Fosberg 38198 US). Singapore: Labrador Nature Reserve, 0.5 mi W of Tandjong Borlayer on south coast, Canright 1037 (ASU, TEX); Kampong Pulau Damar, Sinclair 5285 (US). The Philippines: Luzon: Cagayan, Bagio Cove, Allen 144-81 (BISH); Mt. Province, Amganad, Banaue, Conklin & del Rosarie es 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 261 72423 (K, PNH); Mt. Province, Putan, Banaue, Ifugao, Conklin & Buwaya I-864 (PNH), Newell 5 (PNH); Prov. Bataan, Lamao River, along beach, Williams 197 (NY, TEX). —QUEZON: Real, Ki- nalubaker, Rojo 145 (MO). Australia. NorTHERN TERRITORY: between coastal dune and mangrove, Latz 3261 (MO); Berry eee (12°42'S, 131°0'E) on creekbank, Must 1339 (CANB, DNA, MO); Wessel Islands Queda Ss 136°44'E).—QuEENSLAND: Rockhampton, Dietrich 406 (MO); Russell River, National Park Reserve eo ae S, 145°56'E, 2 m, at edge of swamp along river, Gray 2/88 (MO); Green Island, Sand Cay, north beach crest, 16°46'S, 145°54'E, Stoddart 4242 (US); Cook Distr., Great Barrier Reef gare low oe island, 15°05'S, 145°23'E, Stoddart 4580 (MQ). ea. BOUGAINVILLE. Bougainville island, near Koniguru, ca. 10 mi N of Buin, ee & ee 104 (US).—D'ENTRECASTEAUX IsLANDs: Milne Bat Distr., Bolu Bolu, Goodenough Island, 20 m, Brass 24423 (US).—Mapanc: Distr. Bogia, Laing Island, 04°10°25"S, 144°52°20"E, Iserentant 9018 (BR, MO).—NeEw IRELAND: Cape entrance, ee Coast, Lavongai (New Hanover) subdistr. Lamet, 02°22'S, 150°12'E, Croft & eaeve 65381 (LAE, MO).—West New Britain: SW of Gilnit, on W side of Itni River, Talasea, 05°45'S, 148°32'E, ode NGF-26234 (NY). Caroline Islands. Woleia Atoll, ae Inlet, pret 7 (US), Alkire 27 (US); Kusaie, Lela Island, Fosberg 26682 yh nape, Agric. er. Sta. grounds, Glassman 2565 (US). Fiji. ee es sae Island, Degener & nae: 13504 ae Kandavu, Namalata Isthmus region, Smith 16 (NY); K ae thickets, Smith 1081 (NY); Fulanga, coastal thickets, Smith at Y); Viti Levu, Mba, ope ver near its mouth, Smith 4747 (NY); Ngau, shore of Herald Bay, aon of Sawaeicke, Si oe (NY); Viti Levu, Serua, coastal strip near Ngaloa, Sn 9683 (NY); Viti Levu, Suva oint, Weiner 71-7-49 (BISH); without locality, Wilkes s.n. (NY). iribati. Phoenix Islands, Central oon Canton Island [cult.], Fosberg & Stoddart 54900 (NY, TEX); eceneen Island, Tarawa Atoll, in village [cult.?], Herbst & Allerton 2666 (PTBG). Maldives. Addu Atoll, Gan Island, seashore, Sigee 5 (US). Marianas Islands. Sariguan, gulley behind village, Evans 2364 (US); Anatahan, vic. of beach near NW tip of island, Evans 2459 (US); Rota, Rota (Sonson) and vicinity, alt. 1-10 m, Fosberg 25073 (MO); Saipan, Tanapag, edges of mangrove swamp, Fosberg 25263 (US). Ryerausess Islands. Hw’ei vicinity, between Hanavave and Omoa, Decker 2450 (MO); Fatu Hiva, W edge of Omoa village, along Vaitopii River near , Lo e & Wagner 6220 (PTBG). ae Ta’u, just W of Fiti’uta, lees 7906 (PTBG). ae ae ether Island, saddle between Mt. Taharae and Rocher Hotumuatae, Fosberg 64955 (MO); Tahiti, Distr. Papenoo, Leland et . 73 (MO); Raiatea, 3rd valley : Be Faaroa Bay, Moore 236 (MO); Mopelia Atoll, Sachét 917 (MO). Tonga: Sopu, W of Nukuw’alofa, near beach, Yuncker "15027 (NY, TEX, US). Ivory Coast: Azuretti, on beach E of Abidjan, Fosberg 40622 (US). Kenya: Kwale Dostric, Funzi Island, Frazier 1012 (US). Liberia: Sinoe Co., Kru Fishtown, pee 11612 (US). Madagascar: Antsiranana, Nosy-Be, 13°24’30"S, 48°18°15"E, Antilahamena 214 (MO, TEX); Antsiranana, Nosybe, Lokobe Reserve Integrale, 13°25°25"S, 48°18°48"W, Malcomber & ape ea iat 2665 (LL, MO). Mauritius. Pointe Butte aux Sables, 19°59'S, 57°38'E, Sauer 2731 (US). r. Durban, Ruda- tis 1510 (US). “South Africa” [Natal?], Krause 78 (MO). Seychelles. panos aa West Island, Anse Var, Fosberg & McNae 49648 (US), Stoddard 945 (US); Cousin Island, Fosberg 52170 (US). U.S.A. FLoripa: Dade County, Rte. 1 just N of SW 304th Street [cult.], Hill 16064 (NY, TEX).— Hawau: Molokai, Kamalo Gulch, Degener 6046 (MO); Kauai, along the Hanapepe River, Heller 2203 (MO); Pacific Tropical Botanic Garden, Lawai Valley, upper Four-House Canyon, Herbst 2331 (MO): Kau aaa Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, near Volcano House Hotel [cult.], Lorence 6331 (PNBG); Oahu, s. loc., Mann & eee 86 (MO); Oahu,Waimea Arboretum [cult., ex Raiatea], Simon 74P477 (BISH). Brazil. Rio de Janeiro, cultivada a beira da Lagoa a Rodrigo de Freitas, em Sociedade Hipica en Carauta 617 [6249] (TEX); Rio [de Janeiro], Glaziou 18887 (US). Peru. Loreto: Iquitos, cultivated in park, Killip & Smith 29827 (US); near Iquitos, William 1302 (US). Bolivia. Santa Cruz: W side of Santa Cruz, 17°47'S, 63°12'W, cultivated pee tree, Nee 36366 (NY, TEX). In commenting on Seemann’s var. purpurascens, Gray (1862) noted: “Nothing in the specimens to distinguish them from P. tiliaceum,” to which Seemann responded “But the habit of the tree is very different, and the leaves have a purplish hue which they loose [sic] in drying. The natives call it the “red” Wau (Vau damu damu).” I have seen photographic images on the internet of purple-leaved forms cultivated in Tahiti (courtesy of Dick Johnson) that may well be what Seemann (1865) described. The purple foliage is indeed distinctive, but such variants have been selected in many cultivated plants, and that characteristic alone does not 262 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 merit taxonomic recognition. Seemann’s reference to a different habit of the trees is not borne out by the photographs I saw. The bark of var. tiliacewm is used for fiber (Fosberg 26682) and in weaving (Alkire 7) and the wood for various uses, including making outriggers (Fosberg 26682), canoes (Alkire 27), and fence posts (Craven & Schodde 104). The leaves are used medicinally for wrapping of bone fractures (Weiner 71-7-49). 21b. Talipariti tiliaceum var. pernambucense (Arruda) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus pernambucensis Arruda, Diss. Pl. Brazil 44. 1810. Paritium pernambucense (Arruda) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831 [as “Paritium pernambucense (Bertoloni) G. Don”). Hibiscus tiliaceus var. pernambucensis (Arruda) I. M. Johnston, Sargentia 8: 196. 1949 [as “Hibiscus tiliaceus var. pernam- bucensis (Bertoloni) I. M. Johnston” |. Hibiscus tiliaceus subsp. pernam- bucensis (Arruda) Castellanos, Sellowia 19: 50. 1967.—Type: BRAZIL. Per- nambuco (holotype: unknown).—BraziL. Parana: Mun. Guaratuba, Boa Vista, beira Rio Sai-Guagu, Oliveira 229 (neotype, here designated: US!; isoneotype: MBM). Hibiscus bracteosus DC., Prodr. 1: 455. 1824.—Typr: Icones Florae Mexicanae s.n.! (Torner Collection acc. no. 6331.1001, Hunt Institute). Cf. copy at G, as photo F-30502. Hibiscus arboreus Hamilton, Prodr. Pl. Ind. Occid. 49. 1825.—Type: GuADE- LOUPE. Desvaux s.n. (holotype: P). Hibiscus fragrantissimus Sessé & Mocifio, Pl. Nov. Hisp. 113. 1889.—Type: Mexico. Sinaloa: Mazatlan (holotype: unknown). Pariti tiliaceum f£. immaculatum O. Degener & Greenwell, Fl. Haw. fam. 221. 956. Hibiscus tiliaceus {. immaculatus (O. Degener & Greenwell) St. John, Mem. Pacific Trop. Bot. Gard. 1; 230. 1973.—Typr: U.S.A. Hawaii. Kauai, Kipukai, Jul 1948, Waterhouse 24014 (holotype: BISH?: isotypes: BISH!, US!). Pig... Distribution. Neotropics; in coastal habitats such as riverbanks and mangrove associations, Additional illustrations. Cervantes Aceves (1992: 153, fig. 38), Chiea & Silva 1992, figs. 1-4), Fryxell (2000: 198, fig. 124, as H. pernambucensis), Little & Wads- worth 1964: 327, fig. 150, as H. tiliaceus); Meninger (1962: pl. 198* as H. tiliaceus), Robyns (1966: 503, fig. 1, as H. tiliaceus); Wiggins & Porter (1971: 679, fig. 186, as H. tiliaceus). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Mexico. Cuiapas: Las Garzas, Acapetagua, Matuda 2730 (LL, MEXU).—Jatisco: N of Puerto Vallarta, Dieterle 3115 (MICH); Mpio. La Huerta, beach near Ran- cho Cuixmala, 19°21'N, 104°58'W, Rothschild & Upson 387 (TEX, UCR).—MICHOACAN/GUERRERO: embouchure du Rio Balsas, Langlassé 148 (US).—NAyarit: Mpio. Bahia de Banderas, duna costera entre el Hotel Villa Varadero y la desembocadura del rio, Chdzaro & Montes 6332 (TEX-2); Tres Marias Islds., Marfa Magdalena Isld., seashore, Maltby 172 (US); Rio La Tovara, SE of San Blas, 21°32'N, 105°14°30"W, Van Devender 94-38 (ARIZ, TEX); Socorro Island, NE slope above cove 2.5 km E of Cabo Henslow, 18°49'N, 110°59.5'W, Moran 25547 (US); San Blas, river areas by estuaries, Wilson 11081 (TEX).—QuinTana Roo: 3 km al § de Puerto Morelos, Cabrera 11508 (MEXU, TEX).— TAMAULIPAS: Mpio. Aldama, on coast 10-15 mi S of Barra de Tordo, Fryxell 3712 (CHAPA, ENCB, , MEXU, MICH, NY, TEX, US); coastal dunes near Moron, LeSueur 279 (TEX).—VERACRUZ: Tecolutla, 24 Jun 1947, Johnston s.n. (TEX); Mpio. Tuxpan, ca. 6 km al N del Rio Tuxpan, sobre la playa, Koch 7845 (CHAPA, TEX); Playa Paraiso, a 30 km al NE de Ciudad Cardel, Novelo 372 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 263 FIG. 5. Talipariti tiliaceum var. pernambucense. a. Flowering branch. with margin of leaf and nectary on abaxial midrib enlarged. b. Immature fruit showing involucel and calyx lobes with abaxial nectaries. c. Fruit after dehiscence. d. Androecium and stigmas, and one stamen. e. Seed. Scale: a, bar = 6 cm for habit, 6 mm for leaf eee 1.2 cm for pee ies b, c. bar = 2 cm. d, bar = 2 cm for whole androecium, 5 mm for stam , bar = 6 m rawn for Flora Novo-Galiciana by Karin Douthit. (Based on: a-c, Dieterle 3115: a Lott ZO coe & Percival 84-1.) (MEXU, aaa Estero de la Silvefia cerca de Tecolutla, a 19983 Vie ee TEX). Belize. Northern Highway, 4 mi NW from Belize, Wiley 146 (LL uras. CoLON: Rio Guaimoreto near opening of Laguna hoiaee eto, 15°57°30"N, 85°54°30" W, cern 268 (TEX). we caragua. Rivas: Playa El Coco, 11°09'N, 85°47'W, Stevens 3795 (MO, TEX). Costa Rica. GUANACASTE: Parque Nacional 264 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Santa Rosa, road to Estero Real, Huft et al. 2086 (LL, MQO).—Puntarenas: Parque Nacional Corco- vado, Sirena, 08°27-30'N, 83°33-38'W, Kernan 3 (MO, TEX). Panama. Cuirioui: Burica Peninsula, Guanabano, 2-4 km S of the center of Puerto Armuelles, Busey 489 (LL, MO).—Coc e: Sta. Clara Beach, D'Arcy & Croat 4090 (MO, TEX).—Panama: Playa Venado, 08°54'N, 79°35'W, Knapp 1916 (LL, MO). Cayman. Western District: several miles N of Georgetown, Crosby et al. 5 (DUKE, LL). Dominican Republic. La Avracracia: Bahia de Maimon, 18°51'N, 68°38'W, Zanoni & Jiménez 44510 (NY, TEX).—Santo Dominco: edge of Rio Jania, Ekman 12489 (LL). Jamaica. St. Ann Parish: mouth of the Pear Tree Bottom River, 1.5 mi W of Runaway Bay, Proctor 23908 (LL): St. Catherine Parish, near shore of Manatee Bay, Proctor 29159 (LL); Hanover Parish: Rutland Point, § of Bloody Bay, Proctor 32482 (LL). Dominica. St. John Parish, Indian River, S side of Portsmouth, Hill 22026 (TEX). Colombia. Cuoco: Nuqui-Pangui, Playa la Olimpica, 05°19'N, 77°17'W, Gomez et al. 398A (HUA, LL).—VaALLe: costa del Pacifico, Isla del Guayabal, en la desembocadura del Rio Cajambre, Cuatre- casas 16175 (US). Ecuador. Et Oro: Puerto Juli, Albert de Escobar 980a (TEX); Arch. Jambell, Isla Amor, Cornejo & Bonifaz 5986 (TEX).—GALAPAGos: Cocos Island, Stewart 302 (US).—Manapi: Las Tunas, Bonifaz & Cornejo 3521A (TEX). Guyana. Essequibo Isl.-W. Demerara, 06°50'N, 58°28'W, Henkel et al. 2667 (TEX, US). Surinam. Distr. Commewijne, Hekking 827 (LL). Brazil. Banta: Canavieiras, Lanna 735 & Castellanos 25487 (LL).—Rto pe JANEIRO: Rio de Janeiro, Glaziou 18887 (US). Argentina. Corrientes: Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, cultivado (procede de Brasil, SP, Caraguatatuba, manglar), Krapovickas 32969 (CTES, TEX-2). Don (1831) and Johnston (1949) attributed the basionym Hibiscus pernam- bucensis to Bertoloni (Exc. Re Herb. 13. 1820), but Hochreutiner (1900: 64) pro- vides evidence that Bertoloni’s use of the name was based on that of Arruda. Nomenclatural problems relating to the names H. pernambucensis and H. abuti- loides Willdenow (see below under Doubtful and Excluded Names) are more fully discussed by Fryxell in Howard (1989: 226). 22. Talipariti tortuosum (Roxburgh) Fryxell, comb. nov. Hibiscus tortuosus Rox- burgh, FI. Ind. 3: 192. 1832, non Hibiscus tortuosus Wallich ex Prain, 1903. Pariti tortuosum (Roxburgh) J. O. Voigt, Hort. Suburb. Calcutt. 120, 1845. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. tortuosus (Roxburgh) Masters in Hooker, FI. Brit. Ind. 1: 343. 1872.—Type: Inpta. Wallich 1913.B (holotype: K-W). Bushy trees with numerous, widely spreading, crooked branches, the twigs sparsely pubescent to glabrescent, purplish (?). Leaf blades broadly rotund-cordate, ca. 10 cm long, 10 cm wide, minutely crenulate, acuminate, minutely and obscurely pubescent above, densely hoary-pubescent beneath, the foliar nectaries absent: petioles 2-4 cm long, densely stellate pubescent especially distally; stipules ob- liquely oblong to ovate-lanceolate, to 2.5 cm long, ca. | cm wide, densely pubes- cent, deciduous. Peduncles terminal, 2-3-flowered; the pedicels axillary, densely stellate-pubescent, the flowers drooping [ex deser.]; involucellar bracts 7-10, dis- tinct, lanceolate, equalling the calyx, densely pubescent: calyx 5-parted, densely pubescent; petals 7 cm long, bright yellow with a crimson center. campanulate; styles 5, the stigmas dark red. Capsule equaling the calyx, ovoid, acute, densely stellate-pubescent, 5-carpelled (but seemingly 10-celled because of double parti- tion); seeds 2-4 per carpel, obovate-reniform. [This description is taken from Roxburgh’s description and from the specimen cited below. ] SPECIMEN EXAMINED. India. Calcutta Botanic Garden, 3 Jul 1883, Brace s.n. (NY). Although poorly known, 7. fortuwosum stands out as one of the yellow-flow- ered species with distinct involucellar bracts, along with T. pseudotiliaceum, which differs in having fewer, broader involucellar bracts (Fig. 2n). 2001 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 265 Roxburgh (1832) and Masters in Hooker (1872) cite Rheede’s plate 30 under H. tortuosus and H. tiliaceus var. tortuosus, respectively. The plate, however, does not have the long involucel that Roxburgh uses (among other characters) to dis- tinguish H. tortuosus from H. tiliaceus. DOUBTFUL AND EXCLUDED NAMES Hibiscus abutiloides Willdenow, Enum. Pl. Hort. Berol. 736. 1809. Paritium abuti- loides (Willdenow) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831. Paritium elatum var. abuti- loides (Willdenow) Grisebach, Fl. Brit. W. Ind. Islds. 87. 1859. Hibiscus tilia- ceus var. abutiloides (Willdenow) Hochreutiner, Nova Guinea 14: 163. 1914.— Type: unknown.—The type specimen apparently is not extant (Borssum Waalkes 1966; Hiepko 1972), and the original description is too general to allow for determination of the species to which this name applies. Hibiscus guineensis DC., Prodr. 1: 454. 1824. Paritium guineense (DC.) G. Don, Gen. hist. 1: 485. 1831.—Type: “Céte de Quoja,” 1820, Baclé s.n. (holotype: G-DC!).—Because the type specimen is sterile, the name cannot be assigned with certainty; perhaps it is a synonym of Talipariti tiliaceum. Hibiscus tiliaceus var. glaber [“glabra”| Matsumura ex Hattori, J. Coll. Sci. Imp. Univ. Tokyo 23(10): 30. 1910, nomen nudum. Hibiscus tiliaefolius in Salisbury, Prodr. Stirp. 383. 1796.—Error for Hibiscus tilta- ceus Hibiscus tortuosus Roxburgh ex Wallich, Numer. List [‘Wallich’s Catalogue”] 1913. 1829, nomen nudum. Pariti tiliaefolium in Nakai, Fl. Sylvat. Koreana 21: 101. 1936.—Nakai’s combina- tion was based on Salisbury’s (Prodr. Stirp. 383. 1796.) erroneous citation of “Hibiscus tiliaefolius” for Hibiscus tiliaceus L. Paritium gangeticum G. Don = Thespesia lampas (Cavanilles) Dalzell & Gibson. Paritium paoui Vieillard, Ann. Sci. Nat. Bot., sér. 4, 16: 75. 1862.—TyYPE: un- nown.—The description is not sufficient to assign the name with certainty. Paritium purpurascens Seemann, Bonplandia 9: 254. 1861, nomen nudum. Paritium quinquelobum Hooker f. = Hibiscus sterculiaefolius (Guillemin & Per- rottet) Steudel. Paritium sterculiaefolium Guillemin & Perrottett = Hibiscus sterculiaefolius (Guillemin & Perrottet) Steudel. Paritium virgatum Guillemin & Perrottet = Hibiscus perrottetii Steudel, non Hibiscus virgatus Blume. Paritium wrayae (Lindley) Walpers = Alyogyne huegelii (Endlicher) Fryxell. 266 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS [am grateful to the curators of the following herbaria for the opportunity to study specimens in their care, either as loans or during visits to their institutions (abbreviations according to Holmgren et al., 1990 et oie ): A, ARIZ, BISH, BRIT, C, CANB, CHAPA, CTES, GH, ENCB, GOET, K LL, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, OSH, PNH, PTBG, S, TEX, UCR, US. I am very grateful to William R. Anderson for his counsel concerning the complicated nomenclatural issues concerning the necessity to propose the new generic name. I thank Lyn Craven (CANB) for information on New Guinea collec- tions and collectors, Hideaki Ohba (TI) for data concerning the types deposited at the Museum of the University of Tokyo, and Karin Douthit for her skillful rendition of Fig. 5. | also thank Christiane Anderson for perspicacious editing and other assistance on this manuscript. 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Chapel Hill. Steudel, E. T. 1841. Nomenclator bota s, 2 vols. Stuttgart. Takeuchi, W. 2000. A floristic and a ae ne account of the Josephstaal forest management agreement area, Papua New Guinea. Sida 19: 1-63. Urban, I. 1910. Flora Portoricensis, Malvaceae. Symbol. Antill. 4: 384-402. . 1920. Flora Domingensis, Malvaceae. Symbol Antill. 8: 409-427. Voigt, J. O. 1845. Hortus suburbensis is Calcutt Walker, E. H. 1950. Important trees of the Ryukyu isan. . 1976. Flora of Okinawa and southern Ryukyu Islands. Washington. Wallich, _ 1830-1832. Plantae Asiaticae rariores, 3 vols. London Walpers, G. G. W. 1842-1847. Repertorium botanices egsieman me GNOle Leipzig. Wielgorskaya, T. 1995. Dictionary of generic names of seed plants. New York. Wiggins, I. L., and D. M. Porter. 1971. Flora of the Galapagos Islands. Palo Alto. Wight, R. 1838-1853. /cones plantarum Indiae orientalis, 6 vols. Madras. Wight, R., and G. A. W. Arnott. 1834. Prodromus florae peninsula Indiae orientalis. London. Williams, R. O., and E. E. Cheesman. 1929. Flora of Trinidad and Tobago. Port-of-Spain. [Malvales, 1: 72-112] Youngman, W. 1927. Studies in the cytology of the Hibisceae. Ann. Bot. 41: 755-778. INDEX TO SCIENTIFIC NAMES Accepted names are in Roman type; the main entry for each is in boldface. Synonyms are in italics. Alyogyne bracteosus DC. 262 huegelii (Endl.) Fryxell 265 cardiostegius Hochr. 240 Azanza Alef. 226, 231 carr Borrs. Waalk. 227 lampas (Cav.) Alef. 226 celebicus Koord. 239 Bupariti Duhamel 226 circinnatus Willd. 260 Byttneria Loefl. 229 corrugatus J. W. Moore 247 Gossypium L, 229 dalbertisii F. Mueller 240, 254 Hampea Schltdl. 229 decaspermus Koord. & Valeton 227 Hibisceae 228, 229 elatus Sw. 241, 242 Hibiscus L. 225, 226, 227, 228, 229, 231 ae Borrs. Waalk. 227, 244 sect. sath DC. 226, 227, 231, 254 floc ast. 227 ct. Furcaria DC. 228 Erie fie Borrs. Waalk. 227, 240 ene Willd. 264, 265 fragrantissimus Sessé & Moc. 262 arboreus Hamilton 262 glaber Matsum. 245 archboldianus Borrs. Waalk. 227, 234 var. cordatus Nakai 245, 246 aruensis Hatus. ex Borrs. Waalk. 227, 235 guineensis DC. 265 azanzae DC, 227, 231, 242 hamabo Siebold & Zucc. 246 boninensis Nakai 245 hastatus L. f. 2 borneensis Airy Shaw 227, 236 leeuwenti Borrs. Waalk. 227, 249 2001 lepidotus Borrs. Waalk. 227, 234 macrophyllus Roxb. ex Hornem. 249 pernambucensis Arruda 262, 264 perrottetii Steud. 265 pleijtei Borrs. Waalk. 251 populneus L. 226 porophyllus Vell. 260 prainii Raizada & Chatterjee 257 pseudotiliaceus Borrs. Waalk. 227, 253 pulvinulifer Borrs. Waalk. schlechteri Lauterb. 254 sciadolepidus (Hochr. i Borrs. Waalk. 227 sepikensis Borrs. Waalk. 256 setosus Roxb. 250 similis Blume 257 sterculiaefolius (Guill. & ae ) Steud. 265 teijsmannii Borrs. Waalk. 2 tiliaceus L. oe 226, 227, oe 246, 254, 258, 260, 262, subsp. ae (Koord.) Borrs. Waalk. 239 subsp. crestaensis Borrs. Waalk. 239 subsp. elatus (Sw.) Borrs. Waalk. 241 subsp. hastatus (L. f.) Borrs. Waalk. 247 subsp. pernambucensis (Arruda) A. Cast. subsp. similis (Blume) Borrs. Waalk. 257 var. abutiloides (Willd.) Hochr. 265 var. elatus (Sw.) Hochr. 241 var. glaber (Matsum.) Hattori 265 var. glabra (Matsum.) Hattori 265 var. hamabo (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim. 246 var. hastatus (L. f.) ae 247 var. ae Hochr. var. pernambucensis or I. M. Johnst. var. pernambucensis (Bertol.) I. M. Johnst. 262 var. potteri (O. Deg. & Greenwell) H. St. John 252 var. purpurascens Seem. 260, 261 var. similis (Blume) Hochr. 257 var. tortuosus (Roxb.) Mast. 264, 265 f. immaculatus (O. Deg. & Greenwell) tiliaefolius Salisb. 265 tortuosus Wall. ex Prain 257, 264 tricuspis Banks ex Cav. 247, 249 virgatus Blume 2 womersleyanus Borrs. Waalk. 234 Kydia Roxb. 229 Malvaceae 228, 229, 256 Pariti Adans. 225, 226, 227, 244 boninense (Nakat) Nakai 245 glabrum (Matsum.) Nakai 245 grande Britton 242, 243, 244 hamabo (Siebold & Zucc.) Nakai 246 hastatum (L. f.) O. Deg. & ene 247 FRYXELL: TALIPARITI 269 tiliaceum var. potteri O. Deg. & Greenwell 252 f. albiflorum O. Deg. & Greenwell 260 f. immaculatum O. Deg. & Greenwell 262 tiliaefolium (Salisb.) Nakai 265 tortuosum (Roxb.) J. O. Voigt 264 Paritium St.-Hil. 225, 226, 227 abutiloides (Willd.) G. Don 265 azanzae (DC.) G. Don 242 circinnatum (Willd.) G. Don 260 elatum (Sw.) G. Don 241 var. abutiloides (Willd.) Griseb. 265 var. macrocarpum Griseb. 242 gangeticum G. Don 2 guineense (DC.) G. Don 265 macrophyllum (Roxb. ex Hornem.) G. Don paoui Vieill. 2 pernambucense ee G. Don 262 pernambucense (Bertol.) G. Don 262 purpurascens Seem. 265 quinquelobum Hook. f. 265 simile (Blume) G. Don 257 sterculiaefolium Guill. & Perr. 265 tiliaceum (L.) St.-Hil. 258, 259, 261 tricuspe (Banks) G. Don 247 virgatum Guill. & Perr. 265 wrayae (Lindl.) Walp. 265 Sterculiaceae 229 Talipariti Fryxell 231-232 archboldianum (Borrs. en ) Fryxell 229, , 234-235, 241, aruense (Hetus. ex am te ) Fryxell 230, 2328 seus (Airy Shaw) Fryxell 229, 232, 233, 6-237 bowersiae Fryxell 231, 232, 237-238 celebicum (Koord.) Fryxell 230, 231, 233, 239 crestaense (Borrs. Waalk.) Fryxell 234, 239- 240, 259 dalbertisii (F. Mueller) Fryxell 228, 229, 230, 233, 235, 236, 240-241 elatum (Sw.) Fryxell 227, 228, 230, 231, 233, 235, 241-244 pe ay (Borrs. Waalk.) Fryxell 230, 232, glabrum atom ) Fryxell 229, 230, 231, 232, 234, 245- hamabo cee old Zucc. aE ae 229, 230, 232, 233, 234, 246-247 hastatum M(L f.) Fryxell ae 230, 233, 247-249, ae (Borrs. Waalk.) Fryxell 231, 233, 249 macrophyllum (Roxb. ex Hornem. a Fryxell 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 249-251, 253 pleijtei (Borrs. Waalk.) eae Be 233, 251- 252, 253, 257 potteri (O. Deg. & Greenwell) Fryxell 232, 233, 252-253 270 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 pseudotiliaceum (Borrs. Waalk.) Fryxell 230, Thespesia Sol. ex Corréa 226, 227 231, 233, 253-254, 264 ampas (Cav.) Dalzell & Gibson 226, 265 schlechteri aaa Fryxell 231, 232, 233, populnea (L.) Sol. ex Cérrea 22 , 241, 254-256 Urena L. 229 sepikense ows Waalk.) Fryxell 229, 233, Wercklea Pittier & Standl. 231, 256 92,2 6-257 woodsonii (A. Robyns) Fryxell 231, 256 simile pine Fryxell 230, 231, 232, 233, 257- 25 tiliaceum (L.) Fryxell 228, 230, 231, 234, 258- 264, 265 var. sepangitky ard (Arruda) Fryxell 229, 231, 259, 262-2 var. tiliaceum 243, os 260-262 tortuosum (Wall.) Fryxell 232, 253, 264-265 Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 271-332. 2001. THE BOTANICAL ACTIVITIES AND CORRESPONDENCE OF ROBERT PETER, M.D. (1805-1894) Ruth Burgar Alford MacFarlane Corvallis, Oregon 97330 raAcT. An account of the botanical interests of Robert Peter (1805-1894) in ees ere. (1829-1833), and Lexington, Kentucky (1833-1835), is presented. In addit a bio- graphical sketch, Peter’s contact with other botanists, most importantly Amos Eaton ae ane. Wilkins Short, his collecting activities, and his manuscript “Catalogue of plants about Pittsburg Pa. 1828-1833; catalogue of plants of Kentucky 1833 to 1835” are described. Three appendices list in detail Peter’s collecting localities, the plants collected by Peter, and a list of botanical publications available to him. A list of references cites all sources consulted. The first set of Peter’s plants was part of the Herbarium of the University of Kentucky, but was destroyed by fire in 1948. The Herbarium of the University of Michigan owns the only sizeable Peter collection remaining: 279 specimens, the majority formerly a part of Douglass Houghton’s herbarium; additional herbaria holding Peter speci- ens are also listed. Illustrations include a portrait of Peter, samples of his handwriting, and samples of herbarium labels. INTRODUCTION In the Herbarium of the University of Michigan (MICH) at Ann Arbor are 279 specimens! collected by Robert Peter, M.D., mostly in the vicinity of Lexing- ton, Kentucky, during the years 1833-1835. Their significance lies in their age, their good quality and preservation, and in the fact that the original set of Peter’s plants at the Herbarium of the University of Kentucky (KY) was destroyed by fire in 1948. By means of correspondence with a number of herbaria and historical societ- ies; by work done in the archives of Transylvania University’ and the University of Kentucky, both located in Lexington, and of the Filson Club, Louisville; by reading old letters; by consulting the records of a family that “never threw any- thing away”; and by study of Peter’s own manuscript “Catalogue of the Plants about Pittsburg and of Kentucky,” and of the labels of the specimens themselves, it was possible to compile a picture of Peter’s botanical activities. Particularly helpful were some preliminary research materials furnished by Dr. Ronald Stuckey of The Ohio State University. The specimens at MICH bear, with few exceptions, a label in Peter’s hand- writing, with the stamp, “ROBERT PETER, M.D., LEXINGTON, KY.” Most also are stamped “DOUGLASS HOUGHTON,” indicating that they had once formed a part of Houghton’s collections (Fig. 1). The link between the two men was not known, and posed one of the intriguing questions to be answered in this study. Because of John Dean Wright’s excellent thesis, Robert Peter and Early Sci- ence in Kentucky (1955), little could be added to Peter’s biography, and only a summary is given here’; however, Peter’s botanical activities, of relatively short duration, are mentioned only cursorily by Wright. Robert Peter (Fig. 2) was representative of his time, the flowering of the naturalists’ period in America, the century and more from roughly 1725 to 1840 or 27 oie CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 FIG. 1. Label from a Peter specimen of Ceanothus americanus L. at MICH, stamped with the names of both Robert Peter and Douglass Houghton. 1850, which reached its climax in the 1830-1840 period. The exploration of the new wilderness, discovery of a wealth of new species of flora and fauna, the active exchanges of specimens within America and between America and Europe pro- duced an intellectual excitement and enthusiasm. Meisel’ lists five agencies most effective in the promotion and diffusion of scientific knowledge during the Pioneer Century of American Natural History: (1) scientific societies; (2) scientific journals; (3) state geological and natural history surveys; (4) natural history museums and botanic gardens; and (5) federal explor- ing expeditions and surveys. Of these five agencies, Robert Peter was actively involved in three and, to an extent, a fourth. Peter procured and read the best books, worked meticulously, took advan- tage of the educational opportunities that came his way, and shared his knowl- edge with others. Because of the excellence of his work, he left behind him a relatively small yet significant contribution to botanical knowle A review of Peter’s early life shows that he was born in Launceston, Corn- wall, England, on January 21, 1805, one of seven children of Robert and Johanna (Dawe) Peter. When he was twelve, the family emigrated to America, settling in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where the young Robert became the assistant of Charles Avery, wholesale druggist. He read widely on scientific subjects and became an active participant in local scientific societies. He became a naturalized citizen of the United States in 1828. During the summer of 1828, he attended, by invitation, a twelve-week session at Rensselaer School (now Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute) at Troy, New York. Upon returning to Pittsburgh, he lectured on scientific subjects at the Western University of Pennsylvania and also at the Mechanics’ Institute in Pittsburgh. In 1829, he set up his own drug store. In 1832, he was invited to give a course of lectures in chemistry, during the 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER IES) FIG. 2. Robert Peter, M.D. (1805-1894), ca. 1840. (Photo courtesy of the University of Ken- tucky Libraries.) summer, at Peers Eclectic Institute in Lexington, Kentucky. That fall he became, by private arrangement, chemical assistant to Dr. Lunsford Pitts Yandell at the Medical Department of Transylvania University. His pay consisted of room and board, $300, and tickets to attend the lectures. He received the degree of M.D. in 1834, but practiced medicine only three years, preferring to devote his time to teaching and research. During the first two years at Lexington, he actively bota- nized with Charles W. Short. n October, 1835, he married Frances Paca Dallam, daughter of an old and 274 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 distinguished family. They were to have eleven children. After 1835, he concentrated his attention on his chemical and mineralogical studies and teaching. In 1839, he visited Europe to purchase books and chemical apparatus for Transylvania University and, while there, attended lectures in Paris and London. He was associated with the founding of the Kentucky School of Medicine at Louisville in 1850, and commuted to give lectures there for three years, after which he returned to the Medical School of Lexington. During the Civil War, he served as acting assistant surgeon in charge of the United States general hospital in Lexington. In 1865, Peter was appointed professor of chemistry and experimental natural philosophy in Kentucky University, which merged with Transylvania University and the Kentucky Agricultural and Mechanical College to become today’s Uni- versity of Kentucky. He remained there until 1887. A memorial to the Kentucky legislature, which Dr. Peter prepared, resulted in the initiation of the Kentucky Geological Survey of 1854. As chemist of the survey, he made a valuable contribution to the knowledge of the minerals and soils of the state. He was the first to call attention to the fact that the productivity of the bluegrass soils of Kentucky is due to their phosphorus content and to report on the phosphatic limestone that underlies much of the bluegrass country. He was also chemist for the Arkansas and Indiana surveys directed by David Dale Owen.’ Throughout his life, he was a ready and prolific writer on a number of topics and corresponded with many of the scientists of his time. His interests were broad, encompassing conchology, entomology, botany, chemistry, mineralogy, medicine, horticulture, and archeology. “He had an ear always alert for new ideas, a trait strikingly displayed even in old age, and would sweep cheerfully aside his most cherished theories when they were shaded by dawning scientific facts.’ Peter died on April 26, 1894, at the age of eighty-nine. PITTSBURGH (1829-1833) Going back now, after this brief overview of Peter’s life, to examine more closely his botanical work, we may look first at the Pittsburgh years, from which only nine specimens survive at MICH. Doubtless stimulated by his contacts with the various scientific societies and by his own reading, he began the methodical collection of plant specimens. A brown leather-bound volume found in the University of Kentucky Archives, in his own handwriting, begins thus’: “Memo. Bot. Society (in Pittburg [sic], Pa.) insti- tuted January 9th 1828. Catalogue of Plants about Pittsburg Pa. 1828-33 up to No. 565. Catalogue of Plants of Kentucky 1833 to 1835 up to No. 935.” There follows an index to species included, added to over the years. Although he sometimes recorded the collection of a species more than once, he entered it in the index only the first time. The first Pittsburgh entries, beginning in March, 1828, found him looking at cryptogams. He used a numerical entry giving Linnaean analysis, the first number, sometimes superscripted “C,” indicating class, and “O,” order, with notes on habitat, unusual for his time, followed often by a careful description of the plant. 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 275 No. 1 Asplenium rhizophyllum (Eaton) (Walking leaf & nid rooting spleenworts) 22.1 March 9th 1828 On rock in shady vallies near stream No. 2 Hydnum concrescens? 22.6 on decaying trunks of trees nee 9, 1828. o. 3 Usnea florida 22.5 Tree moss on trees March 17, 1828. o. 4 Dedalea Quercina 22.6 On trunks of oaks ete. March 17, 1828. No. 5 Boletus Fomentarius on trunks March 17, 1828. Then item No. 6 finds him collecting that true harbinger of spring, the skunk cabbage, thus recorded in a precise manner. . 6 Ictodes Foetida 4.1 (Skunk cabbage Foetia hellebore) March 26, 1828. (Synon. Phot (Michaux) Dracontium fetida (Lin.) Symplocarpus (Salisbury). Localities in damp low meadows in vallies etc. The spathe appears and decays before the leaves are developed. eet if they could be dispensed with in the description of the plant in the manual it might tend to simplify. It is probable that Peter’s reference was Eaton’s Manual. He continues on, the recorded plants recalling the beginning spring collection lists of every taxono- mist in the northeastern and eastern United States. . 10 Pulmonaria pie April 7, 1828 5.1 In damp, shady, sandy places—Leaves ovate eet erect, flowers terminal and axillary, pink becoming blue, nodding, calyx 1/3 the length of the corolla in the fully expanded flower, stem juicy. So on through the names: Pyrus coronaria, Hydrophyllum virginicum, Veronica anagallis, Achillea millefolium, Rumex crispus, Monarda ciliata, Scutellaria lateri- flora, Inula helenium—one sees the summer unfolding, through his numbers | to 197. Then, following his entry of July 21, 1828, “Mollugo verticillata 3.3—white Carpet weed, sand—damp—,” there was an eee cessation until March, 1829. The interruption was due to the term at Rensselae all Term, as it was officially called, ae on July 17 and ended on October 29, 1828. Since the term consisted of a series of five three-week ’sub- terms,’ it is possible Peter did not start classes until August 7.'° In the 1828 Rensselaer Catalogue, Peter was listed on page seven among the undergraduates present at the school as “Robert Peter, Jr., Pittsburgh, Penn. Lecturer on the Experimental and Demonstrative Sciences. DoE *11 and in a later record as, “Non-graduate, Peter, Robert, Jr... . 1826 [sic.]”” At Rensselaer School, that late summer and fall of 1828, Peter came under the influence of Amos Eaton, eminent botanist and geologist. Eaton, fifty-two years old when Peter arrived at Troy, had found at Rensselaer’s school the opportunity to experiment with a new method of teaching the natural sciences. This was to allow the student to deliver lectures and conduct experiments. When the student had to explain and illustrate to others the material he was studying, Eaton was convinced that the student would learn faster and more thoroughly." This emphasis on practical application left a lasting impression on Peter, who later employed the same method in teaching the natural sciences.'* The original notes made by Peter on the lectures of Amos Eaton exist in the archives of pee te University, covering lectures on civil engineering, geology, an introduction to the nces, mensuration, mineralogy, natural philosophy, and practical surveying. The ree furnished Peter did cover chemistry, botany, and zoology also, which may indi- cate some lecture notes are eHISSINe or that Peter was examined on some subjects not covered by Eaton’s lectures. 276 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Robert Peter was not a graduate but was given a certified statement of the results of his study in Rensselaer and a “personal certificate” signed by Amos Eaton: We having been duly appointed examiners of Rensselaer School by the Hon. Stephen n Rensselaer for the fall term of 1828, certify that Mr. Robert Peter, Jun. a student of said school, who was presented to us for examination, by the acting members of the faculty, was found to have a knowledge of Chemistry, eae Philosophy, Mineralogy, Botany, es and Geology in a Super-medium degree. No student was presented for the Rensselaer degree, both the faculty and students oe it necessary that each individual should go through an experimental review before receiving it. Mark Tucker Chairman To John Chester DD Marcus Smith Benj. F. Joslin Examiners We certify that the above is a true copy from the record of the school, and that Mr. Peter possesses the merit above ascribed to him. Amos Eaton Senior Professor Rensselaer School C. L. Holley October 29th, 1828 Ist V. P. With pleasure I add my epee certificate in 1 addition to the within official one that Mr. Peter is competent to teach Chemistry, Experimental Philosophy, Botany, Mineralogy, Geology, and the areas principe of Znoloey, To this I pledge myself personally from my knowledge of Mr. Rensselaer School, Troy, Oct. 30th, 1828 Amos Eaton!® A receipt made out to Robert Peter, dated October 27, 1828, and signed by Amos Eaton, Agent for Rensselaer School, acknowledges Peter’s payment “To board 12 weeks, $21, and textbooks (Phil. Chem. Min. Zo) $3,” a total of $24.!7 Proficiency in such a variety of subjects, gained in only a twelve-week span of time, seems unlikely, until one reads in the 1828 Rensselaer Exercises that the student was expected to arise at sunrise, and twenty-five minutes later to “appear in the reading-room for examination in the subjects of the preceding day’s exer- cises.” Following lectures from nine o’clock to one o’clock, given by the professor, the daily assistant, two sub-assistants, and the students, dinner was at one o’clock. After this, students went to “their respective departments to prepare for the experiments and demonstrations of the next day’s lecture,” all preparations “usu- ally completed by four o’clock.” Students then repaired to the reading-room, “at the ringing of the bell, to receive directions for the afternoon amusements,” which consisted of visits “to work-shops, factories, etc. for the purpose of applying the principles of mechanical philosophy and chemistry to the various operations of artists, or to the field to collect plants and to examine facts illustrative of the philosophy of vegetation.” Or, if it were the winter term, they might study the use of “the sextant, compass, goniometer, blowpipe, telescope. . . making and using ice lenses and prisms; drawing maps; and dissecting animals. ... ” Every other Saturday, students were at liberty after the morning examination. The other Sat- urdays, also Friday and Saturday evenings, were devoted to parliamentary exer- cises. As no school exercises preceded the morning examinations of Sabbaths and Mondays, these examinations were confined to distinct subjects, Sunday concerned with Ecclesiastical History, and Monday with Philosophy of the Human Mind, and of Moral Philosophy.'® 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER PLUG} It is probable also that Peter was examined on subjects in which he was self- taught. A Pittsburgh newspaper article of 1837, quoted in the Lexington Intelligencer, said: Dr. Peter resided in this city [Pittsburgh] from his early childhood, and grew up with a reputation not merely good but remarkable for uprightness and unflinching integrity. In his boyhood he had few associates but his books, the time generally employed by others in idle amusements, was by him devoted to the study of sciences; hence before he had attained his ority, he was universally referred to for scientific information, and classed among our Hea and for several years previous to his removal to Lexington, his acquaintance and correspondence was solicited by men of science in the east as in the we The personal contacts made at Rensselaer were to be important in Peter’s life. “Letters scattered through Peter’s correspondence from former acquaintan- ces at the Rensselaer school indicate that [he] had made fast friends with several students.””” Among these acquaintances was Hezekiah Hulbert Eaton, son of Amos. Four years younger than Peter, Hezekiah had entered Rensselaer in the fall of 1824, at the age of fifteen, and graduated in 1826. Having lectured at several institutions, he preceded Peter to Lexington in the fall of 1829. He also first taught at Peers Eclectic Institute, then became assistant professor of chemistry at Transylvania University,”! and became associated with Charles Wilkins Short in botanical activities. His untimely death from consumption in August, 1832, left a vacancy which Peter was invited to fill. I found no evidence among the Peter papers that Peter and Douglass Hough- ton had any acquaintance at this time, although such acquaintance seems likely. Houghton received his B.A. from Rensselaer in 1829, a year later than Peter.” Upon his return from Rensselaer to Pittsburgh, Peter resumed his duties at Charles Avery’s drug store, but left within a year to establish one of his own, which “provided him with the necessary income on which to live, but did not hamper his activities in scientific fields.”** He lectured before various groups on scientific topics, including chemistry, in the Western University of Pennsylvania.” Caught up in the intellectual ferment of the time, he participated in corre- spondence with other scientists and in the exchange of geological, entomological, conchological, and botanical specimens. He “was curious about all aspects of these various fields, and devoted a good deal of time to reading the best books on the subjects and in exploring the regions about Pittsburgh in search of specimens. He was acquainted with the books of that strange and gifted natural scientist, Constantine Rafinesque, and had ordered copies of Cuvier from a bookdealer in Philadelphia.” Peter was active in forming a scientific society in Pittsburgh. According to Meisel,”’ a Pittsburgh Chemical and Physical Society had been organized previ- ously on October 29, 1813, but disbanded in December, 1814. Members had made a mineralogical collection and a small museum. In letters to J. R. Lambdin of hiladelphia, Peter described the new society’s beginnings. January 23, 1828 In giving you this Epitome of the changes and improvements going on in our city, it would be worse than treason to omit mentioning the Pittsburg Botanical Society, which has been organized—a little society with a large name. It has at present 9 members, among whom (of course) your most obedient is to be classed. Its object is the improvement of ourselves in the science, and the examination of the flora of the vicinity of Pittsburg. We are all waiting most patiently for Spring when “Lightly we'll ramble oe’r meadow and mount All eager to gather the plants in the way.” Excuse the quotation.”* 278 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Feby 9, 1829 I received your kind letter dated Feby 2nd on yesterday morning together with the book which you were so kind as to purchase for me, for which receive my thanks. It is just the work that I wanted and I am very much pleased with it I would have answered yours yesterday but as our society was not organized we could not obtain a meeting untill this evening, therefore I determined to wait untill I could return some answer to your proposition to the society. I have just returnd from our first meeting, it was held at the academy. Dr. Bruce was in the chair. after resolving that the name of the society should be the Pittsbg. Ph. So. and appointing committees to draft a constitution and obtain new members your business was brought on the floor. As there were not more than 8 members present the consideration of the subject was deferr’d untill a more full meeting, however, all the members present expressed their opinions, the sum of them is as follows. they do not like to advance money without knowing what the nature of the apparatus will be which they are to receive in return, they would like to purchase their own apparatus, as the fund in their hands is small, so that they could get what was most essentially necessary for a commencement. One member (who was not at the meeting) went so far as to say that he would withdraw his name should the society agree to the proposal. Notwithstanding all this they entertain favourable sentiments both toward you and your undertaking and I d not doubt but that when you are established each member of the society will purchase ee you a season ticket. Dr. McClunge, one in particular said that if you would agree to it he would advance the price of one to you, and endeavour to get others to do so also. I would heartily j Me with him. The general opinion of the society is that we are too poo [ ] As regards your proposal to myself, I answer that such an nee would be in exact accordance to my taste but my engagements with Mr. Avery are such as to render impossible for me in strict honour to leave him. neverthless as I told you before whatever my feeble efforts can effect shall be done to the advancement of the undertaking. I will not pretend to offer you what I shall not be able to give, pecuniary assistance, the smallness of my salary will preclude that, but whatever assistance I can give you in the collection ae and preservation of subjects for your museum is at your service, You expressed a desire to know the names of the members of our Society. I send them to you. ees meeting in march. As for our Botanical Society, we have of course provisions for female members, they are to be completely honorary, but we do not wish to have any proposed until Spring as the subjects of discussion will then be more interesting and we shall be better fitted to receive them of opinion, and I believe that it is pretty generally the opinion of all the members that some kind of a union should be formed between the Museum and the Phil So and that it would be to the advantage of both the idea of advancing money which is so much wanted in the commencement is what they stopped at. Our commencement is a very flattering one and I dare say it will kick up some dust, as the minutes of the meeting are to be published Dr. Bruce suggested the name.”” Amos Eaton wrote from Troy to his former pupil on March 9, 1829. My dear Sir By the iiesaane. I poe that you are engaged in a good cause I have every thing to do—you know I rely upon Dr. Wright for all nice [?] guesses etc. His death has thrown a larger burden upon me, than you might suppose. Hezekiah has taken his place, and is improving rapidly. The Sth Ed of our Manual, including all plants north of the Gulf of Mexico is now rapidly advancing. But I was employed full three months in preparing the [—-?—-]. I did not expect such a task until I had thoroughly examined the sources from which I was derive [?] materials. Between 20 and 30 volumes I referred to from 10 to 20 times every day. Now the genera are printed and species as far as Carex. Hezekiah and G. W. Aikin [?] devote their whole time to the work. It will probably be in the New York bookstores about the 20th of April a little sooner if possible.*” _Eaton concluded with some remarks about geological specimens and a planned trip to the south part of Pennsylvania. Peter’s reputation was growing. A letter from Lewis David von Schweinitz to John Torrey, dated Bethlehem [Pennsylvania], 8th September, 1831, said: 2001 mus MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER At Economy*!—Rapps famous settlement near Pittsburg—I was much pleased to look over the Herbar[ium] of old Dr. Muller—& of the printer Schnabel & so got some interest- ing specimens from Wabash. But this examination again convinced me of the very peculiar plants the western country contains—especially when grasses & the Synginesiaces autum- nal plants are not included—as was the case in these herbariums. All my enquiries concern- ing a Botanist in Pittsburg had remained unsuccessful but behold—while poring over the Economy herbarium—I experienced an interesting instance of the proverb, Where the carcass is, the eagles gather, one of the casual visitors from Pittsburg was by this means induced to make himself known to me as a lover of the science & afforded me a very interesting opportunity next day to look over his not inconsiderable collection of pte from the vicinity of Pittsburg.** In his journal,* von Schweinitz again referred to this 1831 visit, and to eum at Economy: The herbarium gave me great pleasure and yielded me many plants, as well as the acquaintance—bearing similar good fruit—with a Pittsburg apothecary who also happened to be there and introducing himself as a botanist, invited me to his house Payts) the Ten specimens of this “similar good fruit,” bearing Peter’s labels, remain today in the Schweinitz collection at the Philadelphia Academy of Sciences.” Other evidence of Peter’s botanical work at Pittsburgh is contained in letters written to him. Dr. B. Shnabel wrote to him from Economy on June 8, 1828: Dear Sir, The letter addressed the P. Botanical Society contains a list of the plants which I have collected since I have seen you last. I thought most proper to send it before I would send any specimens, as I might send shuch [sic] as would not be interesting to you, and omitt those which you would licke to have.—If you will please to let me know which of them you wish to see I will send them with the first oportunity.—If it would not be too much trouble, I should be very glad to see a list of those which you collected and are not contained in my list. medical Flora of Rafinesque, which you lent me, I would thankfully keep a little while longer if you have no objection, as I have not had the time since to peruse it to my satisfaction. I shall probably want to buy the worck after the 2d vol is publish’d.—If there e a chance of getting Etons Manual I wish you would let me know, and also the price of it——The Hesperus I have regularly received till now and have been well pleased with the contents of it, I am therefore very much indebted to you for your kindness, and the first opertunity to reward it, will give me much pleasure. Your sincere Friend etc. B. Shnabel Elias Durand of Philadelphia corresponded with Peter several times, regard- ing exchanges of specimens and the procurement of books. Durand, a French botanist, had been formerly a member of the medical corps of Napoleon’s Army” He was himself a collector of scientific specimens as well as an intermediary among other naturalists. Philadelphia March 8th 1829 Dear Sir. I have just received a collection of plants from western and meridional parts of France, and of the Pyrenees. It amounts to about 500 or 600 specimens, all entire, well preserved, and belonging only to the old Hemisphere, I mean that none of them are common to Europe and this continent. If you are disposed to exchange them with plants of the Ohio, you are wellcome. I wish yours to be peculiar to your regions, and, as much as possible, to be accompanied, if not with the name at least with the locality and the time of their flowering 280 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 The learned friend and correspondent for whom these rete: are, wishes very much to have a collection of terrestrial and fluviatile sap of America. If you can procure him en of eley cee you may rely on an ample return from him. Mr. Peale of our city had rnished n ith some of the neighbourhood = Philadelphia. I have now for him a eats aia of the same from France. Every article in natural history you may have to exchange for European, you may send them to me, and I give you my word that Justice and liberality will preside to the return. Believe me, Dear sir, your obedient Servant E. Durand [On the same sheet, the following:] Dear Friend I received your kind letter dated 23 Feb. and aprove very much of your plan of corre- spondence. I have inquired of the articles you asked me. none of the books are to [be] found in the city a[t] present. I got the letter in time to go to Landreth and tell him of the plants. he has not sent them yet on account of the cold wether but he will as so[o]n as it is milder. Answer Mr. Durands letter as soon as possible as he is waiting for an answer. My respects to all the family. ] remain yours ete. E rry Jr. excuse bad writing. [am in a great hurry.’ On April 2, 1829, Durand wrote again: Edward will forward you a box oo 140 specimens of gramineus and 130 other plants, all from the southern and western parts of France. Be so good as to send me in exchange as many subjects peculiar to your region as you can. The balance will be _[?]_ up o you. Any ae (except minerals) belonging to natural history will be received by my : iend and correspondent in France. The objects he seems principally desirous of receiving are fluviatile oc needa shells, See ae and Lepidopteres and Coleopteres. There is no Species of Latreille to be found either in New York or hemes There is one by Conte Dejean (in french)—which is more recent and considered as superior to Latreille’s. He describes only the insects of his collection, the greatest in Europe. In that respect he had the chance of giving an accurate description of each individual by comparing every one of them himself whilst in similar works, inane ee are given according to others, and an individual is often described under two or three different names. If you are familiar with the french languages, I advise you to a ne work in preference to Latreille’s, the genera are eee well defined. It forms two octavo volumes, handsomely printed on fine paper, price $5. friend an mine starting for ad oT omises us a complete herbarium of that country, from a friend of his professor in Naples Among the records preserved in the University of Kentucky Archives is a receipt dated October 31, 1829, “Mr. Peters to Louis G. Carrun [?], to tuition in the french, 7"".”*” It is interesting to speculate whether this study was provoked by an interest in reading the book by Conte Dejean. A second letter from D. B. Shnabel, per Mr. F. Shoales, dated July 29, 1829, follows: Your letter of 20 inst. came duly to hand, by which I perceived with much Pleasure that you are still progressing fast with Botany, as I have not, till now, been able in spite of all Inquirements | made about you and our associates respecting this Subject, to hear from you, and having been very much hindered myself in attending to Botany this Season, particularly in the early part, by an impaired State of Health, I neglected writing to you before now.—A List of all I collected, excepting those the names of which I sent you last year is as follows: 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER Viola martia March white and blue in gardens Crocus verous [?] yellow and blue Bellis perennis y red ed Stellaria Lanceolata Apr. white in moist low grounds along rivulets Ribes floridum May yellow in gardens Magnolia glauca May greenish on rich hilly grounds Pinus rigida May white on poor " " tulipifere sic) “aged with red Sesh eka Lysimachia spicata June yellow moist rich ground Spirea opulifolia i white stony moist gr, sides of rivulets Veronica scutellata i white moist low gr Osmunda interrupta : brown swamps Carex crinita i meadows (Carex) rosea (June) (brown) (meadows) Lechea racemulosa July brown barren hilly gr. Echium vulgare ‘ blue on sandy beaches of the Ohio Isanthus coeruleus ‘ blue ‘ i i A worck licke Etons manual I stand much in need of.—I am also glad to hear that you have increased your Library by 2 valueable works and should like to lend them from you for a while if you would have the goodness to spare them for a short time.—I am much pleased to hear that you have received some foreign Plants and shall be happy to see them if you will be so kind as to send them down by some one of our People who will give you a call in the course of a week or so.... The following letter, illustrative of the unreasonable requests to which scientist of stature is subjected, unconsciously contains its own humor From W. A. Hitchcock, Castleton [Medical College], ee October 18, 1829, to Mr. Robert Peter, Jr., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With care and hast ace Peter can obtain no regular history of Botany, except from Rees eo aa and as oe is in the hand of almost every person I do not wish to copy from it. I therefore request you to collect all the facts in your possession or in the possession of your an that have reference to this subject, and write them in the form of a dissertation or lecture. I intend that my inaugural thesis shall be upon the History of Botany, and as we are allowed to collect from every source materials for the Superstructure, 1 have thought proper to call upon you—knowing your willingness to communicate knowledge where requested. If I do not misremember I saw an introductory lecture of yours containing a pretty complete history of the science—its rise and progress etc. etc. Give us a complete and well arranged history. . . [paper torn]... my Dissertation is near at hand.—as near as the 10th of Decem- ber. I have collected from various parts a considerable nee of minerals, and am only waiting for leisure to take a tour over the Green mountain before I send your box. The cold weather came on so soon last fall that I was totally ee to aes minerals of any sort. 281 any 282 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Write me immediately after receiving this and if you have room, give us a little informa- tion respecting your movements in New York last fall. You and Bagley gave us the slip I believe— Yours in great haste W. A. Hitchcock! S. P. Hildreth of Marietta, Ohio, wrote to R. Peter Jr. Esq., care of G. Avery, on November 15, 1829: Dear Sir, after delaying a long time, I have at last put up for you a box of minerals, selected from the best of those recvd this summer, containing 55 varieties—they are small, but the best that I could furnish, as I had to break them from my own not having dupli- cates—some of them are rare and I think very beautifull—I have not been able to procure for you the Colombo—two persons whom I engaged to perform that service both neglected to do it at the proper season, they living 4 or 5 miles from the locality and none being within 10 or 12 miles of me. I have sent however a beautifull flower from the Praire near Dayton O[hio] which you can describe at your leisure laa winter—I shall try an other season for the Colombo and hope to be more successfull. . William P. Gibbons of Wilmington [North Carolina], wrote to Peter on April 23, 1831, as follows: . [now write to you for the purpose of coming to a more extensive understanding on ee s subjects; among these that of botany must receive a primary consideration. Your suggestions on this were very acceptable and gratifying inasmuch as it is my favorite study and one in which my interest waxeth stronger and stronger; it is therefore with much leasure I accede to your proposition of an exchange of specimens, not doubting but that I can furnish you with an interesting and valuable collection to the amount of between 250 and 400. My nae brother has collected about 400 from within our immediate neighbour- hood; but I will not decidedly promise so many, as I am not altogether certain of being able to devote a ee portion of my time to the pursuit.” Referring once more to Peter’s own “Catalogue of Plants about Pittsburg,” the spring following the session at Rensselaer found him again adding to his collections, carefully cross-referencing back to earlier numbers. He continued that year, with heavier collecting, on into August and September, perhaps compensat- ing for the previous year’s absence during those months, and ending with “Solidago ulmifolia ?” on October 13. 1830 brought fewer and more abbreviated entries, a still different set of plants and, again, cross-referencing to earlier collections. The same was true for 1831. Entries were many fewer in 1832, ending with number “437, Sison trifoliatus 5.2 w July 1 Hill side form [?] oval compressed laterally, ribs scarcely visible in young state.” Peter already must have gone to Lexington, “somewhat reluctantly,” by his own statement." On April 14, 1833, he had written from Pittsburgh to James Lambdin, Louisville, in response to the offer of the Chair of Chemistry at the Louisville Medical Institute. Peter was gratified by the offer but felt himself “bound in honour to my Lexington friends for a year at any rate.” I propose moving down the latter end of this week, and as I take the family along I shall not probably be able to go to Louisville at this time. ... If there is any cause of detention at Maysville I will step on a steamboat and pay you a visit.” A discrepancy in Peter’s numbering should be pointed out here. Seven very brief entries are shown for Pittsburgh, April, 1833, with the locality, “hill side, 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 283 rity es 7 : Gite eee | 39 Lee babe Lain Nay Werend 2048, Pay 2. /S € | Pleten Temshe (GE gee SS ie hiumoccavte t Biko cur Ul . Yrillium pss tes litraopurfh 63, Pray 22 (Pre * ee ee) lee. wotn rebow 43 Prilleew ertele ae herf$fareg _ Work elaowef, 4 1 ‘ “L Oe Tracts rh a Megs? (P24 hog. ee WL feaewtOS 4S Shcph, Won Trtoled wa Pray 22 (82 P~ Whdde,-~ mat Moots = hale 4 Ply wh ey Juddafend YW. Prag el (PD £— Sikda trod : ty Derbarein Bipdigllee 1% thay 22 [PAI fou ve UE ere -2 7, 2%. F (ihe Wht - 14 , Peake Teck “6. Wik, hierhetlind Gai Tray 2? ieee VWllow Myrod Virb 4- he cvoT 0g Millen ——. ee a Conant bg FIG. 3. Page 6 of Peter’s “Catalogue...,” listing plants from the Pittsburgh area. (Peter’s “Cata- logue...” is the property of the University of eenere Libraries.) woods.” The first, Corydalis aurea, bears the number 438. The next six specimens are numbered 560 through 565. The Kentucky collections, starting “1833” on the next page, begin with 439. The Pittsburgh plants may have been collected during a short visit back to settle his affairs** and not assigned numbers until June of 1833, when a break in his Kentucky numbers accounts for the six used. Of the 445 plants listed in his Pittsburgh “Catalogue,” only ten are represented at MICH. Others found during this investigation are listed in Appendix B. It is not surprising, given the vigor of his scientific activity in Pittsburgh, and the breadth of his correspondence, that Peter was invited in 1832 to give a course of lectures on chemistry at Peers’ Eclectic Institute in Lexington, after which he became associated with Transylvania University.” 284 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Arriving, then, in Lexington in April of 1832, Robert Peter must have at once renewed his acquaintance with Hezekiah Eaton, who was terminally ill of tuber- culosis. A poignant note from Eaton to Dr. Short, written on August 4, 1832, only twelve days before his death, read thus: Dear Friend, My plants ete. are all moved into Mr. Bell’s room, under the Library. I should be very much pleased if you, at your leisure hours, when you feel so disposed, would look through the different bundles, books, ete. Many of the plants are not labelled which you are familiar with, others from the last (if labelled long ago) may be wrongly named—or not named at all. If Mr. Peter would look over such plants with you—he might name them for me. Iam anxious that you should know what plants I have. The plants are in the large case, some in the new books I believe, You will see that I began to arrange them according to Torrey’s Lindley. Your, truly, H.. H. Eaton*® KENTUCKY (1833-1835) Peter, invited to Lexington to fill the place of young Eaton in teaching at Peers’ Eclectic Institute, soon made the acquaintance of Charles Wilkins Short, and there again followed in Eaton’s footsteps as Short’s companion in trips afield to collect and study the plants of the surrounding countryside. Dr. Short, Professor of Materia Medica and Medical Botany at Transylvania University since 1825, and thirty-seven years old when Peter first came to Lexing- ton, came from a background of wealth and culture very different from that of the young, largely self-taught chemist and naturalist. They joined, however, in the study of medicine and botany, which were com- patible interests in the new pioneering civilization west of the Allegheny Moun- tains, where “there was a great demand for medical men capable of identifying and instructing others to identify and gather the plants needed in medicine.””? A leather-bound narrow notebook in Peter’s handwriting, in the Transylvania Uni- versity library at Lexington, contains “notes on Dr. Short’s lectures on medicinal plants, and other aspects of medicine.” It is dated January 22, 1834, and begins with instruction in the method of preparation and the medicinal attributes of Aristolochia serpentaria.”. Druggists’ lists of the period named such items as Gum Benzoin, Powdered Colombo, white Hellebore, Serpentaria, Sarsaparilla, Extract of Aconite, Belladonna, Cicuta, Taraxicon, Black Walnut, Gentian, Oil of Anise, Clover, Lavender, Juniper, Pennyroyal, Horsemint, and Sassafras.°! Before coming to Transylvania, Short had combined the practice of medicine with botany. As he traveled on horseback or in a carriage the long distances required of a country doctor, he observed thousands of plants, and gathered and carefully preserved hundreds of them for future study and to be sent to friends. By 1818 many of his beautiful and well-preserved plant specimens were in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. Thomas Nuttall at that time recom- mended Short to Constantine Rafinesque as “the outstanding botanist west of the Allegheny Mountains” and as possessing “the largest herbarium in the West.” After teaching a course in local botany in the summer of 1827, Short began the compilation of a local flora, as an aid to beginning botanists. In the first issue of the Transylvania Journal of Medicine and the Associate Sciences he began his 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 285 “Florula Lexingtoniensis, or A Descriptive Catalogue of the Phaenogamous Plants Indigenous to this Portion of Kentucky.” In two years his “Florula” passed through a Prodromus and four Fasciculi. With Hezekiah Eaton he made numerous trips to different streams in central and north-central Kentucky, Dr. Short collecting plants and Professor Eaton gath- ering shells, amphibia, snakes, and other zoological specimens. The two looked forward to the eventual publication of a “Natural History of Kentucky.” After Eaton’s death, Short was joined by Robert Peter and Mr. Henry H. Griswold. [Short’s] memoranda of botanical excursions show that during 1833 he made 15 major excursions which required 48 days and covered 821 miles in a carriage or on foot. In 1834 he made 22 excursions, requiring 33 days, and traveled 928 miles. Between 1833 and 1838, he gathered, preserved, and distributed to friends and organizations at home and abroad e enormous sum of over 28,000 specimens. He received collections in return and his herbarium became the largest west of the Nee Mountains.“ After Short’s death, this herbarium was given to the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, where it now remains.” Notations in Peter’s “Catalogue” confirm that he shared many of these excur- sions to such localities as the Kentucky River, Elkhorn Creek, Red River, Blue Lick [Battlefield], and the estate of Short’s brother, John Cleves Short, at North Bend, Ohio [near Cincinnati].°° The three friends, Short, Peter, and Griswold, botanized the areas around Lexington so thoroughly that it “was difficult to find an unfamiliar species.” Building upon the earlier published “Florula” of Dr. Short and working from their large collections, Short, Peter, and Griswold began in 1833 to publish, in the Transylvania Journal of Medicine and the Associate Sciences, a list of the “phae- nogamous” plants and ferns of Kentucky. The first list published as a catalogue contained over 871 species. The first, second, and third supplements, containing 116, 211, and 78 species respectively, were published in the same journal, while the fourth supplement, containing 69 species, was published in the Western Jour- nal of Medicine and Surgery. The last three supplements were published by Short, without the aid of Peter and Griswold. The publications in which Peter actively collaborated, and for which he was co-author, are: Short [C. W.], [Robert] Peter, and [H. A.] Griswold. 1833. A Catalogue of the Native Phaenogamous Plants and Ferns of Kentucky. Trans. J. Med. Assoc. Sci., 6: 490-501. Short [C. W.], and [Robert] Peter. 1834. A Supplementary Catalog of the Plants of Ken- tucky. Trans. J. Med. Assoc. Sci. 7: 598-600. Short, C. W., and Robert Peter. 1835. A Second Supplementary Catalogue of the Plants of Kentucky. Trans. J. Med. Assoc. Sci. 8: 575-582 An editor’s note at the beginning of the Catalogue states: The following Catalogue is doubtless very incomplete since it includes only those spe- cies which have fallen under the actual observation of three of our botanical friends, who are still diligently extending their researches and daily tee to the number. It is, there- fore, offered at the present, as an outline, faithful so far as it goes, of the Botany of Kentucky. The arrangement and the names are those adopted in the 6th Edition of Eaton’s Manual.” A comparison of Peter’s manuscript “Catalogue of the Plants of Kentucky” with the published Catalogue shows a high correlation. Of the 460 plants he collected 286 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 in 1833, 391 appear in the published work (which contained a total of 871), plus twenty-five that later were included in the first and second supplements. 34, Peter collected 322 specimens (some were duplications) of which 239 had appeared in the 1833 Catalogue. Fifty-nine of the newly collected species were listed in the first and second supplements. A number of the plant species were familiar to Peter from his Pittsburgh years, and many of the specimens collected were doubtless used for exchange. Were it not for the evidence of his careful early work at Pittsburgh, it might have seemed that the collaboration with Dr. Short was a one-sided exchange, but young Peter brought enthusiasm and scholarship of his own to the endeavor. The original “Florula Lexingtoniensis” had included no ferns,®! but they were promi- nently represented in the first and second supplementary Catalogues. Notes in his own “Catalogue” indicate that Peter compared the judgments of others. Alyssum dentatum (not mentioned in the “Florula”) appears in the pub- lished Catalogue. His note adds, “Draba dentata according to Hooker.” Other comments run: “[No.] 500 Scirpus eriophorus (M[ich]x.) (Trichophorus cyperinus P.) 3__1__ June, 1833. Glumes ovate, membranous at the sides, mucronate. Wet, Stoner’s creek near Paris [Kentucky]; “[No.] 536 Festuca pratensis Hd. inermis? June, 1833. Damp meadow, Lexington. The panicle was not spreading, probably because it was in seed.” Peter’s earnest search for precision was shown by his discursive notations, as he utilized the books available to him, e.g., “[No.] 668 Bromus ciliatus? Sep|tembe]r 14, 1833 Kent[uck]y river—Clay’s ferry—rocky bank. Torrey says that it seems to be B. Mollis.” A Solidago collected at the same time gave him difficulty. “[No. | 675 Solidago cordata (n.s.) Sep[tembe]r 14, 1833. Hillside woods near Rogers’ [sic]® Raf[inesque] says it is his S. sphacelata. (See 815 after)” The note referred to was entered following a second collection of the same plant, a year later, at the same locality. He had carefully copied the description of Solidago sphacelata from Ann[als of] Nat[ure] by Rafinesque, in ink, with little annotations pencilled in above: “Solidago sphacelata Raf. (675?) deserpn from Ann. Nat. no lower ones upper—lower ee no all over Stem striated, pubescent above; leaves petiolate, ovate, acute, mucronate, serrated in the middle, rough on the edges and beneath, inferior ones eee flowers sessile long i lateral spikes loose, dense flowered and short, the lower ones reflexed, the terminal acute scales on margin — not so but darker green ones erect; folioles of the perianth oblong, obtuse, brown or sphacelate at the end, adpressed,ligules obtuse, hardly longer.— It grows on the hills of Kentucky & Virg., ~ from 1/2 to 3 bright yel rising less than two feet leaves small about an inch long; flowers of a dirty brownish July to Oct yellow, fl Aug. Perennial.”°* Peter and Short proposed Solidago cordata as a new species in the Supple- mentary Catalogue, saying: This species has some agreements with the description of S. eee (Raf.) but it differs in having no sphacelations on the ee of the perianth, as well as in the colour of the flowers, those of S. sphacelata being “of a dirty brownish aie a ne in its broad cordate, serrate leaves, which are from two to four inches ae Even should the present species be the one intended by that author, we consider the name now proposed decidedly preferable to his, since it has reference to a somewhat ae character always present, instead of “a desperate microscopical one,” not to be met with in healthy perfect specimens.™ 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 287 Time has awarded the decision to Rafinesque, and Short and Peter’s pro- posed name has been abandoned. The difference of opinion, however, sheds light on the derivation of the specific epithet, “sphacelata.” Coes s Manual of Botany, Eighth Edition, says, “(blighted, application not explained).”° Examining again Peter’s “Catalogue,” one finds an interesting digression toward the collecting of an alga: [No.] 716 Lemanea corallina (Bory) (Diction[naire] des Sciences naturelles) in Wolf’s run (blackish smokey colour) frond undivided terete with inflated nodes filled with a gelat- inous fluid. About 6 or 8 in. long in tufts on rocks in rapid places und[er] the water—nodes about 1/4 in. apart. Chaetransia [? ; fluviatilis (DC.) Lemanea fluviatilis (Agardh) Conferva fluviatilis (Lin.) Polipherma [?] fluviatilis (Vauch.).™ Yet another reference is mentioned following [No.] 727, Urtica urens: “See Elliott for desc[riptio]n More than once, Peter wrote in complete Latin descriptions: “[No.] 714 Car- damine Ludoviciana Hook. Sysimb[rium] Ludov[icianum] Nutt. MSS. March 17, 1834, Winslow’s thicket. (See 804 for Descrip[tio]n.)” Following the entry [No.] 04, he wrote: “Cardamine Ludoviciana (No. 714) description from Botanfica]] Miscellany—by Dr. Hooker*’ Caulibus procumbentibus; foliis inferioribus bipinnatifidis laciniis lineari-oblongi, supe- rioribus pinnatifidis hic illic grosse dentatis laciniis linearibus lineari-spathulatique, siliquis erectis linearibus planis obscure venosus stylo breviousculo terminatis, sinuribus [?] orbicu- laris compressis limbatis—Symbrium [sic] Ludovicanum Nutt. MSS. Hooker says the north- ern C. Virginica does not differ from hirsuta. By early 1834, Peter was struggling with sedges, as evidenced by a sprinkling of question marks among his entries. He occasionally recorded comments on the weather. “Ap[riJl 15, 1834 (Thermom[eter] 78° at noon). Nearly as warm for some days past, rain about every day.” “Sunday 27th Ap[ri]l, 1834. Severe frost. Therm[ometer] 26° in morn- ing, ice 1/4 in.” An especially interesting entry is: 0.] 616, Agave eee July 20, 1833. Dry. Hill, near petrified falls of Elk ru Rogers’, Kent[uck]y river. Ve Dy succulent, leaves when crushed seem a mass of mag nous pulp. It retains its moisture with great pertinacity. Portions of the plant were e to the scorching heat of the sun ee the thermom[ete]r must have stood at nearly 130° for half an hour while we were walking to the house; they were afterward exposed to a free current of air in the porch for four hours more, without sensibly wilting. All attempts to preserve this plant without previously scalding it would be unsuccessful as Dr. Short in- forms me the flowers are speedily seperated Ve from the stem, which would remain alive between the ee for a | very great ees of time. After it has been scalded, the moisture may be expressed f t, like water from a sponge, soon wetting through 3 or 4 driers (formed of 4 oe suioue paper) ee It then dries readily but becomes discoloured. The juice pressed out of the spike & stem stained the paper of a beautiful purple-colour which did not fade in the sun for a considerable length of time.** So, throughout 1833 and 1834, he collected and studied, collaborating on the work of the Catalogue, building his own herbarium, exchanging specimens and corresponding with others. He was co-author with Dr. Short of a species of Stellaria— S. fontinalis (Short & Peter) Robinson,” proposed by them as Sagina fontinalis in A Supplementary Catalogue of the Plants of Kentucky.” In his “Catalogue,” Peter had agonized over that plant, with much crossing out of possible names. 288 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 725 Sagina beste crossed out] [micropetalum crossed out] [maritima crossed out] [procumbens? crossed out] fontinalis N.S. (Lin[naeus]. a caps[ule] 4-loc. in cea eek the french authors & Hooker say one-celled.) Wet, on cliffs in places where spri over the rocks, near Rogers’, Ap[ril, 1834. Cannot ee see 4 cells to the ae (too Ma young to examine). May 3, found it on Elkhorn in spring on cliffs. Glabrous, branching ee eed above). Capsule 4-valved meet 4-sided, one-celled, many seeded, sta- s 4-6, s as 4, calyx 4-5 leaved—apetalous; leaves spatulate-linear, obtuse, opposite, smooth, ae - pedicel] solitary, axilary [sic], alternate, longer than leaves, (8-12 inches).”! In the Supplement, Short and Peter wrote: Sagina *fontinalis. Stem procumbent, branching, dichotomous above; leaves opposite, linear-spatulate, entire, pedicels solitary, alternate, longer than the leaves. Annual. Glabrous, areelon: calyx 4-5 leaved; sepals ovate, obtuse; stamens 4 to 6; capsule somewhat 4-sided, one-celled, many-seeded. Habitat]. On the cliffs of the Kentucky river and Elkhorn creek; forming mats in wet places where the water of springs flows over. Flowers in April and May; stems 8-15 inches long.” A note appended to the species description in The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the Northeastern United States and adjacent Canada (Gleason 1952) comments: Known only from wet places on cliffs, Lexington, Ky. and Nashville, Tenn. Its charac- ters are inconclusively those of Stel/aria and in some respects, particularly the entire petals, the 3-valved capsule, and the muriculate seed, suggest a closer relationship to Arenaria. May-June. [Alsine fontinalis, B. & B., Small.]” Another plant selected for especial mention in the Supplementary Catalogue was Cunila glabella, where it was stated: Cunila glabella. This is undoubtedly the original plant of Michaux, and it agrees much better with his ee than do dae nens which under the synonymous name of He- deoma glabra we have received from the Niagara falls. Our plant is usually from | to 2 feet high; its larger leaves 2 eee long ae /4 broad, coarsely serrate towards the apex, attenu- ated at ae and distinctly petioled; whorls from 3 to 15 flowere Hab[itat]. We have only found this plant in one locality, on isthe borders of a rivulet emptying into Elkhorn, at the Forks near Frankfort, Ky. At this point in rich soil ie fragments of limestone (a locality altogether analogous to Michaux’s original one), it occu in great Se rar flowering in June. From an accurate comparison of the two plants we are compelled to believe that the New York species is distinct from the present—and we refer for our plant the name given by Michaux, although our specimens were all distinctly ee In his own “Catalogue,” Peter recorded, “{No.] 794 Hedeoma glabrum ?” then crossed that out and continued: Cunila glabella M{ichau]x the true one. June 27, 1834. from Dr. Short (bank of a creek road to Frankfort). Stamens all fertile, corol[la] urceolate, with short contracted tube, flowers on oa ped[unc]l[e]s and verticillate “in more than 3. (3 to 12). leaves with a few serrations near the summit. Michaux’s name Cunila glabella is better, it approximates Cunila more meee Hedeoma. Gee Torrey’s flora whose opinion of the existence of 4 stamens is correct.” Continuing their relatively wide-ranging trips (Rodgers’, for example, located on the Kentucky River near the Richmond Road, was about sixteen miles below Lexington, no small distance by horse transportation), the friends worked at their 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 289 botanizing spring through fall of 1834, going on September 30 to a marsh twelve miles on the road to Frankfort for Heteranthera lunaria and H. reniformis “in abundance.” (Peter’s “Catalogue,” No. 133). During that year, they had collected not only close to Lexington itself, but often at the above-mentioned Rodgers’; at the Blue Lick battlefield in Nicholas County; the Red River at Forge, in present- day Powell County, near Irvine; Shaker’s Ferry between Mercer and Jessamyn counties; Boonsborough in Madison County; and Raven Creek in Fayette County. Last collections of the year were taken on October 16. In 1835, changes began to come, presaging a shift of interest on the part of Robert Peter. Looking over his “Catalogue” entries for that year, one finds him beginning in normal fashion on May 1, with plants from the vicinity of Lexington. Then, on May 23, “Shaker Ferry, upper 16 [+] 16 [+] 5 [total] 37 miles $5.50,” followed by a list of forty-one early summer plants, including several carices, usually “?” This was the first time he had entered mileage, and may have been done in imitation of Dr. Short’s careful record-keeping, or may have indicated a trip to conduct a chemical analysis, with plant-collecting a secondary activity. Nine plants from Blue Lick, June 4, were attributed to Dr. Short. On June 6, he discussed Euphorbia obtusata, “Habit and appearance much like peplus but capsules muricate—leaves spatulate sessi/e and serrulate; involucels broad ovate sub-cordate.” He was still carefully studying plants. Several more excursions were noted, giving mileage and fees—June 20, old paper mill on Wolf Run, 5 miles, $1.00; July 1, 2 & 3, Blue Licks, 83 miles, $8.00; July 11, Kentucky River, Clay’s Ferry, Rogers’, 29 miles, $.50; August 2 and 3, Crab Orchard, 140 miles, $12. Under the last entry, he wrote a two-page mineral analysis of the springs at Crab Orchard,” this followed by a list of forty-five plants collected, with generally diminished descriptive comments, but a lengthy discus- sion of “Dicksonia pilosiuscula?”. A trip to Olympian Springs, August 10 to 20, 1835, under which he noted, “150 m{iles] $20—),” netted a list of fifty-seven plants, recorded with brevity. His interest in chemical analyses was becoming ascendant. Seventeen plants from near Lexington were listed following the entry, “about 30th [of August].” Then came fifty-two plants attributed to Dr. Short, from a number of locali- ties, such as Rodgers’, Louisville, Mammoth Cave and the Barrens near there, Ohio and Salt Rivers. The dates on the Short specimens were all September, 1835. The lessening collections of 1835 were probably due to two main causes—his increasing interest in mineral analysis, as verified by the entry under Olympian Springs, and to his impending marriage. After October 6, 1835, when he was married,”’ domestic obligations must have replaced his bachelor-naturalist trips afield and contributed to a narrowing of his scientific activities. Apparently his own active collecting ended with August 30. Peter’s “Catalogue” ends with a comment penciled in by his son, A. M. Peter, over a hundred years later, on June 28, 1942: Total numbers 935 Add for half nos.—2 duplicates _ 6 Total species 4] At Pittsburg 444 Species collected in Kentucky 497 290 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Turning again to another aspect of Peter’s botanical work, one should take note of his writing. He was, as stated earlier, a “ready and prolific writer” on a number of subjects, including history, local politics, chemistry, medicine, geology, and archeology, as well as botany. A comprehensive listing of his published writ- ings may be found in the Bibliography of John Dean Wright’s thesis”*. In his later years, among numerous articles having practical benefit for the farmer, were three for the Farmer’s Home Journal: “The Uses of Weeds,” May 16, 1867; “Blue Grass and Orchard Grass, etc.,” June 13, 1867; and “Blue Grass, Its Origin,” June 13, 1867.” Peter’s Commonplace Book,” begun in 1833, sheds further light on his pre- cise mode of work. He painstakingly copied from Willdenow’s Principles of Bota- ny and Vegetable Physiology, “a table of the principle [sic] colours of plants etc. used more particularly in the fungi and lichens.” Pages 3 to 6 display neat rectan- gles of watercolor with names of the colors they depict, for example: “24. Croceus, saffron color, dark orange,” and “28. Afropurpureus, a very dark red, almost approaching to black. From the same source, Peter copied detailed descriptions of plants having unusual characteristics (1.e., the spontaneous motion of Hedysarum gyrans)(p. 7) or accounts of plant experimentation. (p. 8 At the bottom of page 6, he copied the characters used by Linnaeus in de- scribing flower and plant structure. On subsequent pages, Peter copied extracts from various sources. From White’s Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne came instructions in the use of the fern Polytrichum commune which, “well combed and dressed and divested of its outer skin. . . becomes of a beautiful chestnut colour, and being soft and pliant, is very proper for the dusting of beds, curtains, carpets, hangings, etc.” (pp. 9-10) He made notes, from Humboldt’s Travels, of the capability of some plants of supporting high temperatures (p. 14), and of the making of spirits from Agave americanus. (p. 18) In the wider field of botanical writing, Peter’s chief contribution was his col- laboration with Short and Griswold on the previously mentioned Catalogue and Supplements. His extensive personal correspondence, continued during his years in Kentucky, also illustrated the state of science at that time, often being in themselves small botanical discussions. By no means are all of Peter’s botanical letters included in this paper. Hun- dreds of letters, on botany and a variety of scientific topics, are listed among the holdings of Transylvania University, Lexington.*! I have used only a few of the more representative ones. On August 10, 1833, Elias Durand wrote from Philadelphia to Peter. um much gratified in renewing with you a correspondence upon the Subject of our one Sees In this respect you have anticipated my wishes as I was preparing for you a catalogue of north american plants with indications of such as I have in my collection and of which I have duplicates; but I shall not be able to finish it before I receive, from Darlington and others, plants owing to me from previous exchanges. ... Dr. Griffith a stands at the head of the Philadelphia botanists and has the largest Sian is disposed to exchange with you not only plants but marine and foreign land shells for land and river shells of your region, Mr. Peale also The 7th volume of Berzelius has been received. y catalogue of american plants is made from Dr. Beck’s botany of the northern & middle ss This new work which is arranged per to the natural system is of great value. Dr. Beck has followed the classification and nomenclature of DeCandolle. You know ae long this celebrated botanist has been labouring to give to plants the most 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER proper names—and put a stop to the confusion introduced in botany by the various Syn- onyms given to the same plant, either from error, ignorance of anterior work, or mere whim of our savants. DeCandolle’s researches on the rights of the different authors as to priority and preference tend to settle who has closely LOmOues the part of the prodromus of D. already published will be of great service to us all.® On March 9, 1834, Clarendon Peck wrote from Lovelace, Louisiana: “Friend” Peter “Yes” I am glad you put an end to the silence. I had not forgot my promise—had already wrote you a letter long since but thinking perhaps t’was only through politeness exacted as you are a polite fellow did not forward it—& afford myself the pleasure of hearing from you—so its unnecessary to mention the pleasure the unexpected arrival of your letter gave—the pamphlet I have not yet received though I feel as much obliged as if the contents I had perused—it will come perhaps by the next mail—I have been delicate so long that although now greatly improved indeed—yet it takes but little to put me back— the least fateague or over exertion has been and is now attended by considerable injury to my system—taking some little time to gather up again—so [| can hardly tell whether it will be in my power to profit much in the plant way in this cane of Botany. I see a good many of our old acquaintances as the Trillium Sessile, veronica’s, Ranunculous etc. the former has its petals much longer & rather linear—my little Phlox arows very abundantly cae the bluff & there are two other plants I have not yet found out. The remaining plants et with as yet are the Krigia caroliniana, myosuros minimum, i Ivulus nummularis nee ordata, Viola pulmata & V. heterophylla, Obolaria ace Coroloriza odontoriza, Ranunculous pusillus etc. If 1 had only my former vigor I could furnish a much more extensive list—the oaks, Sweet-gum, maple, Elm, Plum, Bee eee jasamine, candle berry, aie etc. either have been, or are still in bloom. There are 4 kinds of squir all differe larger than the species in Ky—they are the Sciurus ee S. magna iii S. ae & one with a sutty black back, belly & tail—black feet & head dark brownish grey—I have some curious Indian instru[page 2]ments (which were plowed up from about the various mounds with which this country abounds in—are formed mostly of the different varietys of hornblende rock & jasper—some Selenite from the Ouachita gave me by a gentleman, & a few crystals of quartz that were picked up in different places. also a few snail shells that may serve as a nucleus to further collections. | am very much pleased with both country & climate. the changes of weather are so sudden to the finest pleasante, from the disagreable wet, that one soon forgets the existance of the latter. r affectionate friend Gee Peck’ On August 1, 1834, Elias Durand again wrote: I received about two weeks ago the box of plants you and Dr. Short had the goodness to send me. The package directed to Dr. Griffith was handed to him the same day. We were not disappointed, I assure you, in the expectation we had entertained of getting from such a source the best samples we had, as yet, the chance of adding to our collections. What may have been your best duplicates, if those we have received from you were but the remainder of your last years collection? They were magnificent and eclipse our best. I hope the wound our Amour-propre has received in this instance will stimulate our efforts in selecting and drying the specimens we shall hereafter collect. he greatest number of yours and Dr. eee ome are extremely valuable. The Hottonia inflata, seldom found in this neighbourhood. The Virgilia lutea, Dionaea Pence Aster Shortii, fris verna, Sedum pulchellum, ae ee Enslenia albida, among the most interesting. I do not conceive how Pursh has for a moment arent our Hottonia for the H. see of Europe. There never were two species of the same genus so ifferent from each other. As Dr. S. and yourself may not have seen the European species, I ae you a sketch of it for comparison. [Note: A charming pencil sketch of the plant in question was appended. | I have not been able, nor will I have time before next fall, to examine critically and compare the plants you sent me, according to your request. The same I ask of you with 294 Dae CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 respect to all the plants that I will send you. I will tell you, en passant, that your Aster no. 687 is our Salicifolius: the one, [?] I believe, 689 that has a great affinity with the patens, seems to me a new species; I should like to see the radical leaves. They were wanting in the 3 specimens I received from you and Dr. Short. The Psoralea ei is the Melitoides of Mich. and Willd., Melilotus psoraloides of Nutt. Eglandulosa is a synonym and not a distinct species as Mr. Eaton will have it. Your Spermacoce tennior may be the glabra: but certainly it is not the //edyotis. Following bits of news and gossip concerning local botanists and the Philadel- phia Academy, Durand continued: Old Rafs would willingly exchange the rare plants you will send him for his trash, but yet it would be prudent not to let go your package without holding his with the other hand. I will probably see him this evening, as he passes every day before my door and I will ask him about the Nelumbium—But he is not to be trusted. Among the plants you have discovered this season, I should like to have the following— Lemanea—Poa pungens—Sagina maritim tylopus verum of which I have a bad sample from Raf.—Prunus obovata—Houstonia aug Triosteum angustifolium ic have indiffer- ent spec of both). Koeleria truncata—Arrhenatherum kentuckensis—Ranunculus pusil- lum—Hypopeltis obtusa—Cunila glabella—Potamogeton compre oe mac- rophyllus—Tragia cordata—Seymeria ase [?| aphylla, etc. . [Addendum on back of letter:| Written under the directions of Professor Rafinesque, etc. etc. etc The Nelumbium luteum grows in the river Kentucky in a ee on the margin of the river, 4 or 5 miles above Frankfort, on the north side—on the right bank—The very rare N. pentapetalum of Walter grows in the marshes, west of Andersonville, about six miles of Anderson and 4 miles of the Ohio river. Querita and invenictis? [Listed along the edge of the address side of the sheet were the following, apparently a continuation of the above list: ria fluitans; a canescens?; Cardam. Ludoviciana (Hook); Agrim. suaveo- leus; RES cylindrica In a letter to Dr. Short dated “Philadelphia, Sth May, 1834,” C. S. Rafinesque had written, “I have lately seen a sual collection of plants sent by you and Mr. Peter to Mr. Durand of this city. . Again on September 2, 1834, Durand wrote at length concerning his own resumption of plant collecting, making some comments about Peter’s specimens, and making another acerbic thrust at Rafinesque: Whatever expectations may old Raf. give you in your exchanges, I advise you not to be too sanguine. All his collections from all parts of the world are as much negligees as himself, composed of incomplete and badly cured specimens, such as you would not place in your herbarium. If you are disposed to send anything to him, do it in a spirit of charity, but beware of sending anything to him new and unpublished, because he will take care to ee you and take for him all the merit of yours or Dr. Short’s discoveries. ery short time before sending you my last invoice of plants, | had received from ead a very indifferent parcell of European specimens, which I have not been able to find since. Will you be g zeae enough to let me know whether I did not place it by mistake in e box I sent you e plants intended for you were composed of a package of 18 american plants ae ae of 209 of European Specimens. The bundle I allude to con- tains about 300 plants labelled in a german hand writing and very indifferent. I will thank you to return it, if, per chance, I misdirected it. 2001 of P MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER I have seen Dubarry about the box you directed for Mr. Halsey. He received it with ne pines boxes and sent it to its destination. I remember myself to have seen all your boxes 6 or 7 in number in Dubarry’s store. I have also ascertained that the copy of Beck’s flora has been forwarded by Desylve My respects to Dr. Shortt—I do not forget I am his Debter.® 293 In 1835 Peter was elected to membership in the Academy of Natural Sciences hiladelphia. His letter of acknowledgement follows (Fig. 4): Lexington, June 29, 1835 Be so kind as to express, for me, to the Acad of Natl Sciences of Philada, the highest sense which I entertain of the unmerited honour which they have done me in my election to Corresponding membership in that Institution, and be assured that if any effort of mine in any way contribute to the promotion of the objects for which it was established, that nothing would afford me greater pleasure than to further the cause of Natl Science, which has always been to me the source of much pleasure and instruction Diploma be wrapped up and left with Messr. Desilver, Thomas H., Bookseller of your city, to be packed in any box for Mr. Skillman of this place, it would reach me in due time. With sentiments of personal respect and esteem—believe me Respectfully Your most pose servant Robt. Pete To Saml. Geo. Morton, M.D. Cor. Sec., Acad. Nat. Sc. of Phila. In his continuing correspondence with other botanists, Peter expressed his opinions with frankness and humility, accepting corrections in the same spirit, as demonstrated in an exchange with John Van Cleve of Dayton, Ohio. Van Cleve wrote on August 18, 1835: Mr Robert Peter Your proposal of an exchange of botanical specimens, I accept with much pleasure. I have only begun, during the present season, to preserve plants, although I have been paying considerable attention to the study for a couple of years before. Consequently I have not yet made a large collection. The plants which I have found and examined in this Beene I find generally included in your list. There are however some which you do not seem to have found in your state. I have Paty of the Habenaria Psychodes, ee Revoluta, Melanthium Virginicum and Glaucum, Monarda Punctata, Delphinium Azureum, Dodecatheon Maedia (white), Euchonia [?] Palos Gentiana Crinita, Silphium Ternatum, Spirea Lobata, Trillium Purpureum, Viola Tenella and indescribed species of Valeriana, Hydrophyllum and Tradescantia. I have duplicates of only a few of them howev- er and shall not be able to send you any worth while until next season, when I think I shall have enough to make an exchange of some value. I shall also know by that time, better than I do now, what plants I should like to receive from you. under many obligations for the pamphlets you have forwarded, and particularly for 1 one giving directions for preserving plants, which I have looked over with some profit. I have been in the habit of gathering flowers in a tin case, but have lately adopted a plan with some success, which I find better than any other where it is practicable. I have a box just large enough to contain a quantity of driers made of wood, with a board for the top ee inside the rim of the box. I gather the plants and lay them immediately in the ox between the driers, and then put in the top board and press it down with my knee and fasten it = buttons upon the edges, and they thus undergo their first slight pressure in the box in which I gather them. When I come home they are flattened and I then put them into the single sheets and rectify any disorder in their position and put them into the press. The box with paper in it would be too heavy and inconvenient for long rambles, but where by a 294 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 aLypengton ey (53 I~ | ID~ ne hed as & siprees oni ae tt. (exo. gnarl Aesersces gh. i ico tee. ee ee atte “uae tesesrecrcke h | aon One on Prey ch tine € fpr cspe tis Mnerctoyshef i a me and be ete | hoe Cin oe eaetneed Sele. aly ee sol OL wes petehikig that forelet ofr ES leatore ttm te fithe “Ee eet rae oe Pe ahwrarp bein G Arce. tos Sosares. f Mu ee aad Pe ys ES Oe a | rei > ney Bi plas ES oe bp. wilh te eee aa Aee (emit ta a 4, ces peel. fits: Vee tig Mes (\0ith Sten | emia tacacoy aa stag Ney Fee ora, ) Me fcctfolt, (Youn Mera t BBL Soruceaehs Masretin, (aE PO ee apf FIG. 4. Robert Peter’s letter, dated 29 June 1835, to Samuel George Morton, M. D., Cor sponding Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. (Peter’s letter is the teas of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia.) short walk, as is often the case here, a locality can be found in which a large number of specimens can be selected at once, I prefer it to the tin case. We have every variety of land immediately around our town, each with its peculiar flowers—Dry prairies, wet ones, woods, hill sides, old and new fields, ponds and running streams I mentioned having species of Hydrophyllum, Valeriana and Tradescantia, which had not been described. I have not taken down a particular description of the first plant. The Valeriana is as follows: Glabrous; leaves opposite; radical leaves on long creeping culms, with 3, 4 or 5 joints, at each of which is a pair of cordate, crenate or sub dentate leaves, on long petioles; cauline leaves, upper ones ternate, lower ones pinnate, with 5 or 7 ovate, acuminate, crenate- dentate divisions; petiole clasping, villose at the base; plant 2 feet high: flower light purple, numerous—from 100 to 300 or more on a single stalk. May. 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER The Tradescantia is as follows: Stem erect, simple, culminate, with numerous short joints; leaves lanceolate not elon- gated, (their width being equal to one fourth of their length, which is about 8 inches for the lower leaves, and one and a half for the upper ones), pubescent, amplexicaul; peduncles axillary, short; flowers small, blue, upon pedicels which are enclosed between two leaflike bracts, cuemenae the eames seven or eight of the axils having each an open blossom at the same time. July and Au Rest ae that I shall ae it a pleasure to assist in increasing the general stock of knowledge of western plants, and to cooperate with all who take an interest in that object. As soon as I have a collection worth notice, I will send you a list, and forward you any specimens you may desir John W. Van Cleve*’ Peter responded on October 11, 1835: I should have done myself the pleasure of answering your favour of the 18th Aug. much earlier but for the press of other matters that, in a measure, took away my attention from the subject of our correspondence. [Peter was married on October 6!] I need not tell you that I am much gratified at your acceptance of my proposal to exchange. Although our regions of country have many plants in common in them yet I must believe that an exchange of specimens will benefit us both, as much by adding new specimens to our herbariums as by exemplifying the difference of habit and appearance assumed by the same plants in differ- ent localities. r. Short and myself have made a number of botanical excursions this past season, and my See for the year is quite respectable. We have made many additions to the catalogue of ae plants this year, which shall be eae in the Transylvania Journal before I shall commence tomorrow, the labour of the distribution of my duplicates into pack- ages for my several correspondents, and in doing so shall make up one for you out of my [p. 2] whole collection, knowing that, although I may send you a great many things that you already have, the difference of /ocality will give them value; and hoping that my names may be corrected or ee by your experience and knowledge. We also have found the aes revoluta—but only in small quantities—I should, therefore, be obliged to you for specimens—Our Dodecatheon meadia—of the Kentucky river is white flowered—Dr. S. has found the Gentiana cornuta, Silphium ternatum & Viola tenella—but still I should like specimens from you. think you will [be] better pleased after a fair trial with the plan which we pursue in the collection and preservation of plants, as stated in Dr. Short’s paper, than with any other. box of which you speak, in which you collect plants, must be a very cumbersome affair. I do not see how you can manage to carry home many specimens without being laden with a very heavy package. Nor do I like the plan is shifting the plants after they have been once put between the dryers—it is a loss of time, and you are fete liable to injure the delicate parts, or to roll up the leaves, should ae plant be f when you attempt to move it. In the collection of very delicate plants which are ie is being carried home in the tin box, or which shed, or shut up their seer: or which [p. 3] close their leaves, there is an advantage in ess them and carrying them home in a portfolio filled with loose single sheets—but in this case the plants, single Hee and all, are put between the usual driers on arrival ere I express my opinions &c freely. You will excuse it. I have, as yet, found nothing to equal the tin box for collecting. The new Hydrophyllum which you mention is probably the one which Nuttall has described by the name of Hh macrophyllum, in 7th Vol. Journ. Acad. Natl. Sciences Philada.— and which Riddell has Panne described in his Synopsis of the Flora of the Western one by the name of H. hisp e Valeriana is the same oe the one which we have, and ea we have continued to call pauciflora, Cau ioearae the number of its flowers—Ric on’s name sylvatica d suit it much better—See Beck’s Botany of the ee aH Ve States where he gives the ean mes of a plant which he supposes to be V. sylvatica found near Fairhaven, Vt—Stem 2-3 ft. simple, smooth, erect. Radical leaves on long peduncles, usually See - sometimes lobed at the base, varying from lanceolate, to ovate an ubcordate; stem leaves pinnate, leaflets in 4-11 [?] pairs with an odd one, ovate oval or 295 296 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 somewhat rhomboidal, coarsely but sometimes very sparingly toothed. Flowers numerous, reddish-white, perfect, in a large and dense dichotomous corymb. Corol. gibbous at base, 5- cleft. Stamens & pistil much excerted. Capsule ribbed, as long as the narrow and hispid bract If you have collected any seeds of showy native plants I should be much obliged to you for the same. Very Respectfully Robt. Peter P.S. Direct me how to send the package of plants to you.** A second letter from Peter to Van Cleve was dated November 5, 1835. I have the pleasure to acknowledge the receipt of a small package of plants from you, which came to hand, by way of Cincinnati a few days since and which, from the beauty of the specimens and the fact that most of them were new to me, afforded me a great deal of pleasure. The plants are as well preserved as they could be and of a proper size—all characteristic specimens, and form a strong contrast with those of a package which I have just received from Europe, which are small “bits” of plants, blackened, for the most part, in drying, and most miserably preserved. I have sometimes been disheartened on receiving such returns for the specimens about the pee of which I have taken so much eee fore the receipt of your package I had put up for you a small box of above 3 specimens of plants of my last years collection, which now only waits an oppor-|p. arity which to send it to you. As I at present know of no direct way of sending it to you, and, from the nature of my engagements, may not, wae meet with anyone going in your direction soon, I would thank you to direct me how it can be sent so as to reach you in safety. Meanwhile, if I meet with any epertniy I will forward it to you e sent you, no doubt, a great many th which you have Aen but it may be interesting to see rie from this locality, or to ae plants and names together. If you are able in return to send me any more, send duplicates or even more of as many as you can and especially of some of those which you have now sent: viz, Liatris, Solidago—rigida [?]—stricta—Riddellii etc In looking over your olanits I find some old acquaintances among those with [sic] have no names. I can consequently furnish you with the names which we attach to them. I also find that I disagree with you in the names of some of the others, and shall, in the freedom in which all students of nature ought to write and speak, give you my opinion of ther which you may take for as much as it is worth, as I cannot set myself up as yet for infallible in such matters—To be The branching Aster—[p. 3] white flowered—leaves lance lin- ear—is most probably pen rae us. 2. The aster in the same sheet—Blue flowered—leaves with long petioles—ovate & lanceolate—is A. diversifolius. : ma large blue flowered aster—large flowers—leaves lance-ovate amplexicaulis— mooth—is A. laevis. ae Helianthus virgatus—is perhaps H. trachelifolius. oS marked Heli auth. sir umosus—probably H, mollis os) ee 6. " H. altissimus— . giganteus. H. altis. is purple-stemmed etc. 7. Your Lactuca hirsuta is a Sonchus—the pappus is not striped—It is perhaps S. alpinus S. floridanus or something else 8. he Ei upatoriam is most prob. F. aa 9. Your Solidago seeds is S$. canadens These remarks, where I have Sed a doubt, I beg you to verify by studying the plants with the Fae oti in the largest works which you have. I should be happy to hear from you soon; and must repeat my request of you, that when you receive my package of plants, you will take the same liberty with them that I have taken with yours? On January 10, 1836, Peter again wrote to Van Cleve: By the time that this letter comes to hand you will most probably have received the package of plants which I have put up for you (about 310 species) and sent a week or more ago, through Louisville to care of Mr. R. Buchanan of Cincinnati, who will no doubt 2001 ina MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 297 forward it to you without delay. Mr. R. Buchanan is a merchant, and a Botanist, residing at the head of the steamboat landing, and will no doubt take as much pleasure in forwarding my packages to you as he would take in sending your packages to me. There is no very direct mode of communication between this place and Cincinnati by which small packages of the kind could be sent, but from Louisville they can be easily sent here. Directed to the care of Mr. Pettit, Druggist of Louisville they would soon find their way to me as I have a brother who resides with him. You will find at least one mistake in [p. 2] the naming of plants which you will please correct on the label. Change Ludwigia natans to eee humilia. | would have done it myself but had not time. You will also give me the benefit of your criticisms and remark on my names & plants—take the same liberty with my package that I have taken with yours. In addition to other favors which I wish from you I desire to get the seeds of as many of your handsome natives as you can obtain. Will you be so good as to gather them for me as they come in seas s I am also about commencing a small farming and gardening establishment I should be grateful to receive from you anything new in point of informa- tion, seeds, etc. which you may be able to communicate—for example cuttings, for grafts, of any remarkably fine fruit—or young trees if they are very good or can be obtained by eee I can easily remit the money by mail. will send our new supplement to the catalogue of our Kentucky flora as soon as it is eee Another comment on the problems of shipping packages at that time is found letter from Asa Gray to Charles W. Short, dated July 31, 1838: I am happy to state that the long-lost box containing a parcel of plants from Dr. Peter to Saml T. Carey, Esq—the Transylvania Med jour for Lyceum, and (last not least), the Black-Walnut press for your humble servant, came to hand, about 3 or 4 weeks ago. It was sent, I believe, more than two years ago.”! That Asa Gray had more than a casual acquaintance with Peter and his work is shown in a letter written to Short some years later, on January 17, 1852: I have just (in Pl. Wright) dedicated a fine Leguminous genus to the memory of Dr. Peter, your former gos: there are five specimens of it in the collection of Wright 1851, which you are to share 1 Willis’s Flowering Plants and Ferns (1966) lists the genus, “Peteria A. Gray Wee 293 Leguminosae 3 SW the Peter’s voluminous correspondence and exchange of specimens reached beyond borders of the United States. Charles Parker wrote to him from Liverpool, England, on May 12, 1835, acknowledging the receipt of a box of “beautifully preserved Specimens of Plants,” and promising to send Peter some of his own. He wrote that: In point of beauty I never can hope to supply any Specimens that can at all approach to these you have sent. The moisture of our climate, my residence at some distance from the place of ee and the [failure] of our young English Botanists [to devote] the attention they ought the drying of their specimens. . . will I pene plead my apology for the indifference - many of the Specimens I have to offer you.” W. J. Hooker wrote to Peter from Glasgow, Scotland, on November 5, 1836: My dear Sir Let me thank you for some very nice Birds you have been good enough to send for my Son, William, & for your obliging offer, sent by Dr. Short, to supply me with more at a future opportunity. I can assure that they will be highly acceptable. I have two sons; of them one _?_ lively an interest in the Ornithology and the other (Joseph) in the Sees of N. America, as I do in its Botany. 298 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Dr. Short also sent me from you a Box of Plants to be given to some one, whom I had reason to believe would make a suitable return in European Plants. And here I have been much puzzled to know how to act. Often those who are the most able are least willing to give of their ample stores, and vice versa. At length about 3 weeks ago Mr. Wilson’ of Washington came to visit me & on my showing him your specimens he expressed the greatest desire to possess them & to give you British species in return. So he took them away with him—and I do trust he will make you a suitable returt ae command me if I can do anything for you in this ae & believe me to be, my dear s very faithfully Yours W. J. Hooker” Although Peter continued to correspond on the subject of botany and to exchange specimens, the pressure of other matters reduced the emphasis on his botanical work. A quite lengthy letter to Elias Durand dated August 11, 1837, discussed the procurement of periodicals and chemical apparatus, and the troubles at Transylvania. Only near the end did a short paragraph refer to botanical specimens. I have a small package of plants which Mr. rae will hand to you in the course of a few weeks. I have not collected any this year. t I have a number of duplicates yet remaining—which must remain in my collection want of time to select them... . Dr. Short sends his compliments to you. The other duties that had come to occupy Peter’s time are verified in the following letter: Lexington, April 21st, 1838 Dr. Robert Peter Dear Sir I am directed by the Board of Trustees of Transylvania University to inform you that on this day you were by a unanimous vote appointed Professor of Chemistry in the Medical College of the University, in the place of Dr. T. D. Mitchell appointed Professor of Materia Medica and Therapeutics. The Board hopes you will find no obstacle to an immediate acceptance of the appointment. With great respect Yours Thos. A. Marshall, Chrmn.”5 Before leaving the consideration of Peter’s botanical correspondence, two letters of importance are presented. As stated previously, one of the questions raised at the start of the investigation was: What was the link between Peter and Douglass Houghton, as suggested by the Houghton stamp on nearly all of the Peter specimens in The University of Michigan Herbarium? I found, with joy, in the archives of Transylvania University at Lexington the following letters from Hough- ton to Peter: Detroit, Feb. 2, 1835 Dear Sir, Yours of Jan. 5th came to hand in due time and I will assure you it is a pleasure to me that an avenue is now open by which we may from time to time correspond on the subjects nearest my heart. Agreeably to your request I send you a catalogue of the plants which I was able to secure during ae two years travels in the northwest. Of most of these I have duplicates— some of them in a fine state of preservation, others more imperfect—Were you acquainted with the aifficulties which the only method of traveling in that section of country interposes you would not be astonished at the small number of plants collected, or at the injuries 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER which some of the specimens have sustained—We travelled almost wholly in bark canoes and these as a matter of course would from time to time become leaky and occasionally sink. I found the plants in several of my tin boxes, which I had supposed to be sealed so completely as to prevent any moisture el them, ruined. Those mentioned in the catalogue are those which were eventually sa heavy pressure of business has thus far prevented me from making my scientific observations public, and in fact I have scarcely been able to examine the collections since my return—You will please return one of the catalogues I send you with such plants as you would wish marked. I will endeavour to send you a suit of them in the spring. I trust that I vill be enabled to make some examinations in the country immediately surrounding in the coming season—as yet my botanical observations have not at the nearest point been less than at 500 miles from this place. Accompanying the catalogue of plants which I send you is a catalogue of Minerals drawn up by Mr. Schoolcraft—other minerals were collected by myself and I have dupli- cates of them all—Mr. S. wished a catalogue for a work which he was then Beaaonn a and as my time would not permit me to make it he made use of my notes in dra which he published sources of the Mississippi to the mouth of Fievre River” (being about 1700 miles) as well as the coasts of Lks Erie, Huron, Michigan and Superior, also the country between Lk. Supe- and the Mississippi and Lk. Michigan and the Mississippi. “t ee also a fine collection of fresh water shells from the principal lakes of the interior— As I had no time to look to these upon our return and Mr. Schoolcraft wished a catalogue he sent a suit of them to Mr. Cooper of N. York, who made out a catalogue—I send you below a catalogue of them as made out by Mr. C.—I have duplicates of them all—My minerals and shells were by mistake forwarded to my former residence in N.Y. but I intend to order them back in the spring and will then be able to furnish several suits of perfect specimens.—In the immediate vicinity of this a we have but few minerals, in fact not any ao ee, ee which can be procured in any quantity f the Islands of Lk. e two or three years ae I visited i pare eee Island of that Lk. The island ; is nes composed of that mineral.—' I am not at present prepared to send you a catalogue of my other plants from the western country but will endeavour to do so by and by—TI lost nearly all my specimens of animals only three or four having been saved from a large hae those lost there were several which I am satisfied are re specie The following list embraces I believe nearly all the fresh Re: shells I collected. I have no list by me at this moment and send them from recollection one Unio cariosus Unio alatus 4 tulosus Symphysota inflata " ventriculosus " complanata " tuberculatus Palludina decisa " plicatus Physa heterotopha undatus This list although small embraces some shells interesting to the conchologist— I will mark one of your catalogues and return it to Should you have your eye on any plants in this section of country which you would like to have collected this ensuing summer, or should you wish any information of a scientific character which it is in power [to] give, it would give me much pleasure to serve you, and although at present I am completely occupied in the arduous duties of my profession [medical], I hope Beit to be able to turn my attention more exclusively to the sub- jects of Nat. History. In the meantime I shall take much pleasure in continuing the corre- spondence which we have now commenced— Yours truly Douglass Houghton"! A second letter from Houghton to Peter, is dated Detroit, September 5, 1835: In the fall of 1834, during severe family afflictions, I received through your kindness a truly valuable collection of Kentucky plants, & a collection which I will assure you I prize highly. This receipt of the plants was acknowledged soon after their reception by letter, but 300 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 in consequence of a train of circumstances which it would be difficult (& perhaps useless for me to attempt) to ei without a personal interview, it was impossible for me to make you a return at that tim Circumstances had rane & I was nearly prepared to forward you a suit of northern plants, when Mr. Lapham, through whom you directed me to forward the plants, removed to Milwalkie [sic]. Soon after his removal I wrote you, to inform me through whom I should forward the plants, but as I have not received an answer I presume you did not receive my letter. Soon after writing you I left this city & was absent nearly a year. Since my return as I have been largely engaged i in puto plans I thought it better to defer writing you until I should be able to promise you a e choice suit. e plants collected during this season eee not yet been looked over & in fact my collectors have, as yet, sent in but few of them, but during the coming fall or early part of winter I will be able to select you a choice wel eee ot western & northern plants, which will be forwarded through any ane you may dire Opportunities will occur to send them to New ak Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washing- ton, or Pittsburgh, more frequently than to any other points & you will undoubtedly be able to receive them from some one of the ee mentioned. ill you please write me at as early a day as may be convenient; & in the mean time I trust you will not charge to want of good faith, what has been the result of a train of circumstances beyond my control. Yours truly D. Houghton! Houghton met a tragic death by drowning in October, 1845, off Eagle Harbor in Michigan’s Upper Peninsula. PETER’S HERBARIUM AND SPECIMENS Peter’s own herbarium, including specimens received from European bota- nists, was in afteryears given to the Kentucky State Agricultural and Mechanical College, later to become the University of Kentucky. In 1924, Frank McFarland, demonstrating the value of the Peter Herbarium, wrote: n the University of Kentucky Herbarium are 4,106 specimens, of which 3,157 were collected by Dr. Robert Peter and Dr. Charles W. Short of Lexington, from 1832 to about 1835. For the State, Dr. Peter has listed a total of 1,205 species, but only 470 mounted species are in the Herbarium. Only 592 species for the State are listed in the University of Kentucky Herbarium, with which the Peter Herbarium is consolidated, much fewer than the actual number in the State.! In 1958, Herbert Parkes Riley wrote: Almost ten years ago the University of Kentucky had an herbarium of about 25,000 specimens. This collection was small but it was of some importance as it contained several thousand sheets that had been gathered in Kentucky over a hundred years before that date; many of them were not duplicated in other herbaria. Since Kentucky plants have not been studied extensively, any collection of Kentucky material is of interest and this collection, made by Dr. Short and Dr. Peter less than a hundred years after Kentucky was opened up to immigration, was quite valuable.!"° It is a matter of deep regret to students of the botany of Kentucky that these specimens were destroyed by the 1948 fire.!°” A small but valuable herbarium in the Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture, University of Kentucky, contains a number of plants collected by Peter’s son, Alfred Meredith Peter, over the years from 1877 to 1940. Many of these plants were taken from the same sites visited by Dr. Peter.!" 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 301 Of the herbaria assembled by the three associated Lexington collectors, only that of Short remains today, in a good state of preservation, at the Academy of Natural Sciences in Philadelphia (PH),!°*” but Griswold’s herbarium was destroyed by fire in 1837, and, as stated, Peter’s in the same manner in 1948,! While a number of the specimens sent by Peter to Houghton survive at the University of Michigan Herbarium (MICH), any that Houghton may have exchanged with Peter apparently are lost. Of Peter’s exchanges, other than those at MICH, I have been able to locate some specimens: 108 at the Herbarium of the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences (PH)!"°; four at the New York Botanical Garden (NY)'"; and ten at the United States National Arboretum (NA),!!* '!7° all of these recorded by Ronald Stuckey!!3 and added to the list in Appendix B. A few were found at the Jardin Botanique National de Belgique, Meise (BR)!"*, and at the Arnold Arboretum and Gray Herbarium at Harvard University (A and GH).' Clokie recorded seven specimens from Lexington, Kentucky, at “Oxford (OXF), all O.F.C. (Pa), 2 orleaid not query further there. “R. Peter” is listed in the Index to Collectors in the Edinburgh Herbarium (E),!'’ but only one Peter specimen was found in 1993, and that on loan from Glasgow University.'!* James P. O’Connor, of the National Museum of Ireland, referred my query to the Herbarium, Irish National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin (DBN), to which the National Museum Botanical Collections had been removed in the 1970’s.''° Howard F. Fox, Botanist at DBN, sent a careful answer, including photocopies of sources, one of which named R. Peter as a collector represented there.!?? Mr. Fox was unable to expand upon that information."! One “A. M. Peter” specimen, Gymnocladus dioica, was reported from the United States National Herbarium (US), collected in 1877,'” and Vegter!” report- ed some of his at NY. No Robert Peter specimens were found at the herbarium of Angers (ANGUC)!™; the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (CM), Pittsburgh’; the Cleveland Mu- seum of Natural History (CLM)!*°; the Dayton, Ohio, Museum of Natural History (DNMH)!’; the Rijksherbarium at Leiden (L)!**; the University of Glasgow (GL)’; the University of North Carolina, Wilmington (WNC)!'*; the University of Southwestern Louisiana (LAF)'*!; and West Chester University, Pennsylva- nia.'32. I had queried these herbaria as likely places for the deposit of Peter's specimens sent to various collectors. Regarding Peter specimens sent to Charles Parker, Liverpool, Angus Gunn replied from the Merseyside County Museums, “I am unable to ascertain whether or not we have any specimens from Robert Peter or Charles Wilkins Short. “Many of our specimens that were collected in the early nineteenth century had their original labels replaced at some later date and these replacement labels often contain little information. . .. The only collector that appears to be associated with our Parker specimens is Elliott about whom we know only that his plants came from New Jersey.”!* Hildreth’s herbarium is no longer extant.* Durand’s herbarium, including Rafinesque specimens and doubtless some of Peter’s, was deposited at the Museum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P),'*> but a letter sent there in 1992 met with no response. In most of the herbaria listed above, computerization of collection data has not been completed, making an answer to my queries not reasonable without a personal visit and search. 302 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 A query to the Herbarium of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew (K), produced a particularly interesting answer. Archivist Cheryl Piggott wrote that it appeared likely that Kew does hold some of Peter’s specimens but that one could only search via plant name, checking for a collector’s name or initials. She wrote: Peter certainly sent specimens to Sir William en then Professor of Botany at the University of Glasgow. In a letter dated 17 Octo 836 (copy enclosed, the only Peter letter in Kew’s archives) he says he sent 400 specimens of Kentucky plants to Hooker in the spring of 1836. Hooker has written at the top of the letter, ‘Promise more specimens in future, in return for these 400 species, for which I cannot find a customer. . .° That Hooker eventually found a customer seems unlikely, because it is recorded in a Kew Bulletin of Misc Information of 1901 that 400 specimens of North America plants collected by Peter were received at the Kew herbarium in _ 1848. The date is rather puzzling, though it is repeated in Index Herbariorum, Pt. Il. So there were Peter specimens here, though the Bulletin warns that there is no way of apne whether ae Beis have remained at Kew or whether they might have been exchanged or presented to other herbaria.'!° I quote here the “only Peter letter in Kew’s archives.” Lexington Ky. Oct. 17, 1836 Dear Sir, Your very valuable present of Books and specimens reached me some months ago after very great delay and no little exposure in the Custom house in this country. They, however arrived here safely, and lay upon me such a weight of obligation to you as I fear I shall not shortly remove. I need not tell you that I thank you for your magnificent present, thanks are but a small return for it. Yet I fear that I cannot shortly return any thing much more substancial, as I am obliged to confess that the press of other business occupations has, during the past season, entirely (almost) prevented me from giving my attention to the collection of Botanical specimens, or objects of Natural History—The e past season has been almost a blank to me in Botany or in Natural History. But I think that I can promise that it will not be so always and that I may yet promise myself the pleasure of contributing some specimens to your sons’ ornithological cabinet, and perchance to your herbarium. With such an able purveyor, however, as our friend Dr. Short, you have not much to expect from me, in the way of Botany, nor to lose, should I turn my labours in ae channel. This spring | took the liberty of sending to your care a box of 400 specimens of Ken- tucky plants, which, as Dr. Short no doubt requested you, you will Bea dispose of as you may think proper. If not too late I must request you to select from it any thing that may be acceptable to you.—I hope also that the few bird’s skins which I was able to get together were acceptable to your son. t the same time a small package to our friend C. §. Parker which | hope has arrived in safety.—I wrote to him in April last but as I addressed C. L. Parker, Liverpool, I fear my letter has miscarried—indeed the package was also thus improperly directed. Will you be so good when you next communicate with him to mention these circumstances. With sentiments of gratitude and respect I remain W. J. Hooker L.L.D. Robt. Peter!” A further goal of this investigation was to expand the knowledge of Peter’s collecting localities, correlating his notations with present-day landmarks. A great help was the list appended to Peter’s “Catalogue” by his son, Alfred.!3* Some data were generously supplied by Dr. Ronald Stuckey. More information was gleaned by comparison of label data on the specimens with notes in the “Catalogue,” assiduous study of topographical and road maps (listed in the References), reading Peter’s History of Fayette County, and from fragments of explanation scattered throughout other sources. Nothing was learned of the Pittsburgh collecting sites. A list of the collecting localities in Kentucky, giving as much elucidation as possible, has been included as Appendix A 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 303 I have had to conclude researches at this point, without following every possi- ble lead. It is probable, because of Peter’s wide acquaintance and correspondence, that many other facts significant to his botanical pursuits will come to light. Although Robert Peter’s botanical contributions were relatively few, their high quality has made any surviving specimens additionally valuable. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Dr. Rogers McVaugh of the Department of Biology, University of North Carolina, and formerly of the University of Michigan Herbarium suggested the project; | am Se indebted to him for his guidance and encouragement throughout the work. Also, I particularly thank Dr. Edward Voss of the University of Michigan Herbarium, Dr. Ronald Stuckey of the Ohio State ae Herbarium, and Dr. Larry Morse of The Nature Conservancy, Virginia Chapter, for their counsel and advice, and for generously sharing with me research materials. A National Science Foundation COSIP grant to Eastern Michigan University made possible a week’s study at Lexington and Louisville in 1974. The research facilities of the University of Michigan Herbarium were made available to me, as a Research Associate, from 1973 to 1978, and intermittently since then. I am also grateful to the many persons helped me in locating information or answered my letters regarding certain records. APPENDIX A COLLECTING LOCALITIES OF ROBERT PETER Big Hill [Bighill]: Present- ae int OSE of KY-31 and US-421, about 8 miles east of Berea, Madi- son County. Ca. 37°16'N Big Spring: Deep sinkhole on ate s farm (Winton) 6 1/2 miles north of Lexington; east off Newtown Pike (KY-922) between Iron Works Pike and Lemons Mill Pike, Fayette County. 38°09'15"N, 84°28'30" W Blue Lick: Blue tate Battlefield State Park, 23 miles northeast of Paris, in bend of Licking River, olas County. 38°25'45"N, 83°59'00" W Boone Ce County bordering Ohio River Reion (southwest) of Cincinnati. Ca. 39°00'N, 84°45'W. Boonsborough [Boonesborough]: Kentucky River at crossing of present-day US-227 and near Fort borough State Park, Madison County. 37°54'30"N, 84°16'15"W Boon’s [Boone’s] Creek: At the Kentucky River, border of Clark and Fayette Counties. 37°53'30"N, 20'15"W Carrington’s Peak: (See eae ee A knob near the Olympian Springs, along KY-36, Bath County. 38°03'30"N, 83°40'1 Clay’s Ferry: Across Kentucky ae near present-day I-75, between Fayette and Madison counties. 37°53'00"N, 84°20'30" W. College Lot: Present Gratz Park, downtown Lexington; bounded by Third, Market, Second, and Mill Streets. 38°03'00"N, 84°29'45" W Combs’ es Vicinity of Lisletown, off Combs’ Ferry Road, Kentucky River, Clark/Madison Coun- ties. 37°55'00"N, 84°16'30"W Courthouse Yard: Downtown Denncrom Fayette County. 38°03'00"N, 84°29'45"W. Crab Orchard: A village near the eastern border of Lincoln County, on the Cumberland Gap Road and near the headwaters of Dix River; today on US-150 between Danville and Mount Vernon. 37°28'00"N, 84°30'30"W. ne and Barren Rivers, Kentucky: ? : Present-day KY-22 and US-25, on road to Cincinnati, Grant County. 38°41'00"N, 4°35 15"W Elkhorn Creek: The several branches of Elkhorn Creek encompass Lexington. The North Branch arises in Fayette County, east of Lexington, and loops north, then west around the city. The Town Branch, now partially buried under the University of Kentucky campus, flows no orthwest out of the city, joining the South Branch at the border of Woodford and Scott Comics The South Branch, originating in Fayette and northern Nicholas counties, curves about Lexington in the southwest and west. The community of South Elkhorn lies 5 miles southwest of Lexington at the intersection of the creek and US-68. The Forks of the Elkhorn join in eastern Franklin 304 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 County near US- ae co joined forks empty into the Assuee River in northern Franklin County, and the Ken River, in turn, joins the Ohio River in Carroll Count Elkhorn on the ves aoe Elkhorn Creek, North Branch, at the present- aay Paris Pike, 8.2 miles northeast of the center of Lexington, Fayette County. 38°06'30"N, 84°24'30"W Elkhorn Creek three i er Lexington: South Elkhorn, US-68 at Elkhorn Creek, Faveite County. 37°59'45"N, 84°35' Tae of Elkhorn: Just oe of Frankfort on US-460, Franklin County. Ca. 38°12'N, 84°48'W. Elk Lick: Creek joining Kentucky River, Mile 168, 2 miles northwest of intersection of the river with I-75, Fa yette/Madison counties. 37°53'55"N, 84°22'00"W Elk Run: Same as Elk Lick. Forge on Red River near Irvine: On the Red River, then within the boundaries of Estill County, near the mouth of Hardwick’s Creek in the vicinity of Clay City, Powell County. 37°50'00"N, 83°55'30"W. Fowler's Garden: 5 or 6 miles northwest of Lexington on the old railroad, in 1942 the L&N to Fra ene and Louisville; present-day food of Bracktown or National Institute of Mental h, Fayette County. Ca. 38°06'N, 84°34'W upon a miles northwest of Ponucton a County. Ca. 38°12'N, 84°49'W. Frankfort, marsh 12 miles on road to: About 12 miles northwest of Lexington, along Old Frankfort vicinity of Nugents Cross Roads, Woodford County. 38°10'30"N, 84°45'00" W Gratz Park: Downtown Lexington, bounded by Third, Market, Second, and Mill Streets. 38°03'00"N, 84°29'45""W Greenfield: (If given as collection site) Birthplace of Charles Wilkins Short, pioneer residence of his parents, comprising several thousand acres of gently rolling, fertile, inner Blue Grass land on the North Fork of Clear Creek, just south of Versailles, Woodford County. 38°00'00"N, 84°43'00"W. Hickman’s Creek: Entering Kentucky River near present US-27, Jessamine County. 37°46'15"N, sir Creek: Blue Licks Battlefield State Park, 23 miles northeast of Paris, in bend of Licking River, cholas County. 38°25'45"N, 83°59'00"W ee ean -day KY-89 and KY-52, Estill Coie: 37°42'00"N, 83°58'30"W. Kentucky River: The Kentucky River forms a large, V-shaped loop about 14 miles south of Lexing- ton, setting off, in part, boundaries of Mercer, Woodford, Jessamine, Madison, and Fayette counties. Peter did much collecting along this river, at such places as Rodgers’, Elk Lick, Boone’s Creek, Raven Creek, Shaker Ferry, ete. - no more precise locality can be determined, a very rough 37°52-S5'N, 84°15—22'W may be us Lewis’ Ferry: Kentucky River, | 1/2 miles east 7 Shakertown, just downriver from present-day High e and mouth of Dix River, Jessamine/Mercer counties. (Same as Upper Shaker Ferry.) 37°49'15"N, 84°43'30"W Lexington: Lexington, ee County. The downtown area and general vicinity of the city may be es ues nated ca. 38°03'N, 84°30'W. City limits in 1832 were 1 mile from the Courthouse in all dir Licking Fa - tributary of the Ohio River, the Licking River flows past the Blue Licks Battlefield, which is probably the place at which Peter collected; Nicholas County, 38°25'45"N, 83°59'00"W. Masterson’s Meadow: North side of the Richmond Road (KY- -418) just beyond the old city limits; about | mile from downtown Lexington. Fayette County. Present- day US-25/US-421, about the site of the Idle Hour Country Club. 38°01'30"N, 84°28'30"W Mud Lick: Another name for the Olympian Springs but there were other Mud Licks (A. M. Peter, 1942). See also North Ben Muddy Creek: At Shorthill, estate of John Cleves Short at Big Bend, Cincinnati, Hamilton County, Ohio. Se Short and Eaton, 1831, p. 70, for description of trip to Cincinnati.) Ca. 39°08'00"N, 84°45'0 New Ae Me Henry Churchill, daughter of Jane Henry Churchill Short (stepmother of ee e from New Jersey in 1804, with her grandmother. She returned to her uncle’s home ee one year after the death of her mother. She married C. W. Short in 1815. This ne may be the source of the New Jersey plants. North Bend: North Bend of the Ohio River at Cincinnati. “Shorthill,” home of John Cleves Short, was described as lying 12 miles south of Cincinnati on the banks of the Ohio River. The present- day communities of North Bend and Cleves lie 12 miles west, or downstream, of Cincinnati. Three miles upstream from North Bend is a “Shorts Woods,” and about 4 miles downstream Mud Lick Creek empties into the Whitewater River just above the Ohio. Hamilton County, Ohio. Ca. 39°08'N, 84°45'W 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 305 Ohio River: Very likely in the ae! of North Bend. Old Race Track: See Race Tra eer SAME Se Present KY.36 between Owingsville and Frenchburg, Bath County. 38°03'30"N, 83°40'15"W Paper Mil on Wolf Run near Woodford Road: Present-day Wolf Run at New Circle Road, Lexington, Fayette County. 38°03'30"N, 84°33'00"W. Mr. Peck’s Garden: Probably on the north side of Short Street, facing Cheapside, Lexington, Fayette County. 38°03'00"N, 84°29'45"W Mr. Peers’ Garden: “No. 437 W. Second Street is the building occupied by Peers’ Eclectic Institute, a girls’ School of Rev. Benjamin O. Peers. It was in a large lot. The Hagerman Apartment on the east and the Howard Apartment on the west, recent buildings, are on the Peers lot. The garden presumably was in the back of the lot” (A. M. Peter, 1942). Downtown Lexington, Fayette nty. 38°03'15"N, 84°29 30" W. Race Track (1834): Probably the Williams Race Track, situated in 1825 near the present Kentucky Central R.R. freight depot, Scott Street and South Broadway, Lexington, Fayette County (only a few blocks from the Red Mile). 38°02 30"N, 84°30'45"W. Raven Creek: Raven creek at the Kentucky River, Mile 166/167, off Jacks Creek and Kiddville Roads, tte County. 37°53"30"N, 84°23'00"W Red ee eat where KY-89 crosses the Red River, about 7 miles north of Irvine, Clark/Estill Counties. 37°49'30"N, 84°04'00" W Red River near Winchester, Kentucky: Untnomn Richmond: Present-day city on I-75 about 5 miles south of the Kentucky River, Madison County. 37°45'00"N, 84°18'00"W Rogers’ [Rodgers’], Richmond road: Vicinity of present-day US-421 at the Kentucky River, Fayette ‘ounty. 37°54'N, 84°22'W Shaker ee lower: Kentucky River, about 5 miles northeast of Shakertown, crossing of K Y-33/US- at Brooklyn Bridge, Jessamine/Mercer Counties. 37°51'45"N, 84°42'00"W Shaker see y, upper: Kentucky River, | 1/2 miles east of Shakertown, just downriver from present- igh Bridge and mouth of Dik River, Jessamine/Mercer Counties. (Same as Lewis’ Ferry.) nee N, 84°43'30"W. Shorthill: (If given as collection site) Estate of John Cleves Short, brother of Charles Wilkins Short, on the bank of the Ohio River, 12 miles below Cincinnati; see also North Bend. Hamilto County, Ohio. Ca. 29°08'N, 84°45'W. Dr. Short’s Garden: Northeast corner of Market and Second Streets, downtown Lexington, Fayette County. 38°03'00"N, 84°30'45"W Short’s Woods: In Cincinnati, Ohio, the 32 acres of “Shorts Woods" extend north from Fernbank Avenue between Dahlia and Catalpa Aven ee (Stone Creek: On Maysville Road, Pete US-68, in Paris, Bourbon County. 38°12'45"N, ee s pm Eronably Clifton Pike (K Y-326) at the Kentucky River, about 6 miles west of Ver- ailles, Anderson/Woodford counties. Ca. 38°03'N, 84°50'W. Sweet Lick iGath Irvine: Present-day KY-89 and KY-52, Estill County. 37°42'30"N, 83°59'00" W. Col. Taylor’s: Unkno Versailles: Versa on nUS- 62, Woodford County. 38°03'00"N, 84°44'00"W. Warfield’s “Meadows”: In 1884 R. Peter wrote: “J. H. Talbutt’s farm (‘The Meadows’) late Warfield’s; half a ee rts of Lexington.” Fi fica the intersection of present-day US-27/US-68 and US-75/US-64. Ca. 38°05'N, 84°2 ers s aan North side of ae Winchester Road (US-60) a short distance east of Lexington, Fayette County. 38°02'30"N, 84°27'30 Williams’ Thicket: Probably vicinity of old race Lees near the present Kentucky Central R.R. freight pot, Scott Street and South Broadway, Lexington, Fayette County. 38°02'30"N, 84°30'45"W. Winchester: Winchester, US-60 at KY-15 and KY-89, Clark County. 37°59'30"N, 84°10'45"W Winslow’s Thicket: On the east side of present Rose Street, probably on the branch of Elkhorn Creek, which now is underground through the University of Kentucky campus, downtown Lex- ington, Fayette County. 38°02'00"N, 84°30'15"W Winslow's ae East of the present ye of Kentceey campus, downtown Lexington, Fayette y. Ca. 38°01'30"N, $4°29'S¢ Wino: 6 te miles north of Tees east off Newtown Pike (K Y-922) between Iron Works Pike Lemons Mill Pike, Fayette County. Ancestral home of Frances Dallam Peter, which became the home of Robert Peter and his family after the Civil War. 38°09'15"N, 84°28'30"W. 306 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Wolf's run: The present-day town of Wolf Run is near the intersection of Old Frankfort Pike and Circle Road. Wolf Run, a tributary of the Town Branch of Elkhorn Creek, runs near here. a anv the site meant is near the intersection of Old Frankfort Road and Wolf Run. 38°04'00"N, 84°33'00"W. Woedioid Road, creek near: Pr nee intersection of Wolf Run and road to Versailles, US-60, Fay- ette County. Ca. 38°08'N, 84° APPENDIX B BOTANICAL COLLECTIONS OF ROBERT PETER A total of 384 Peter specimens, 279 of which belong to The University of Michigan Herbarium (MICH), were located during this study and annotated; a sample label is shown in Fig. 5. An annotated list of these ete follows below. All specimens came from within the boundaries of Kentucky unless otherwise specifi name in tas is that under which the specimen was filed. Material within quotation marks is transcribed from Peter’s labels. All information supplied by me as a result of this research is included in brackets. Expansions of habitat data come chiefly from Peter’s “Catalogue.” Specimens found in herbaria other than MICH are indicated by standard herbarium abbreviations (Holmgren et al., 1981). Absence of herbarium designation indicates MICH “C/P” followed by a number refers to an entry in Peter’ s manuscript “Catalogue of Plants.” As Peter often collected several plants under one number, arbitrary letter designations are inserted, e.g., “C/P 742(e).” Notes initialed “R.S.” are by Ronald Stucke Information on specimens in the United States National Arboretum (NA) was supplied by Frederick G. Meyer and Susanne Elsasser. Peter’s specimens came to NA via Douglass Houghton, Zina Pitcher, and the Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium. Label data from specimens at the Philadelphia Academy of Natural Sciences (PH) and the New York Botanical Garden (NY) were recorded by Ronald Stuckey. At , some specimens had originally belonged to the Thomas C. Porter or Short herbaria, but the majority were apparently sent directly to the Philadelphia Academy by Peter. PTERIDOPHYTA OSMUNDACEAE Osmunda regalis L.—*Osmunda regalis Licking river [probably Blue Lick] May [1833] by C. Peck” P 511] POLYPODIACEAE Asplenium angustifolium Michx. [Now Athyrium eee. A Tidestrom]—*Asplenium angustifolium Kentucky D. Houghton R. Peter, M.D.” [cf. C/P 890(c) Rodgers’ August/Septem- ber 1835] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] Asplenium platyneuron (L.) Oakes —“Asplenium ruta muraria L. On rocks, cliffs [Boone’s Creek, Rodgers’], Kentucky river May [25] 1833.” [C/P 474(c)] Athyrium pycnocarpon (Spreng.) Tidestrom —*Asplenium angustifolium Wooded alluvial flat, [EIk Lick], Kent[uck]y river ote oh 1834.” [C/P 812 1/2 (c)] Athyrium thelypteroides (Michx. —*Asplenium thelypteroides Michx. Wood, hill side, on Ohio river [probably North Bend, aes ae ember] 1833.” [C/P -] de fragilis (L.) Bernh.—*Aspidium tenue Woods, banks of Kent[{uck]y river [near Rodgers’, e Richmond Road] ae [21] 1834.” ici 789(n)] Pellaea ane (L.) Link —*Pteris atropurpurea On rocky cliffs, Kentucky river [probably Fayette Co.] Aug[ust] 1834.” [C/P —] Ee ae hexagonoptera (Michx.) Fee —*Polypodium hexagonopterum Woods, rocky places Sep[tembe]r 1833” [Phegopteris hexagonoptera (in pencil on sheet)] [C/P —] —“Polypodium dryopteris Woods, Crab orchard [Lincoln Co.], K[entuck]y Aug[ust 2-3] 1835.” [C/P 862] [(Short Herbarium) PH] 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 307 PLANTS OF KENTUCKY Collected by Robert Peter, M.D., 1833-1835 Ceanothus americanus L. Rhamnaceae 21 June 183) Cliffs, near Rogers', Kentucky River at the Sas Rd., Fayette Co. 37° Sut Ns 8h° Peter’s manuscript “Catalogue aes Plants of Kentucky” (nos. ee cee is preserved in the archives of the University of Kentucky, xington. Individual catalogue ‘number often pertain to several Siaiee collected at the same time and p The specimens at the Ueeoeis Bit Michigan originally formed a a ot the Ao eae a Douglass Houghton (See Michigan Bo eer ntly the speci ‘or a duplicate of it, was collected under catalogue no. 759 af FIG. 5. Label with data resulting from this study of Peter’s collections affixed to a specimen of Ceanothus americanus L. at MICH; see also Fig. 1. Polypodium A eee (L.) Hitchcock —“Polypodium incanum On moss-covered limbs of trees [sand at Boonsborough] Aug[ust 8-9] 1834.” [C/P 812(p)] —*Polypodium incanum On the bark of at branches of trees - Kent[uck]y Sept[ember] 1834 [? R. S.].” Second label, “Polypodium incanum Willd. Kentucky. Prof. Peter for Mr. Durand.” [Thomas C. Porter Her- barium, PH] [C/P -] ies obtusa (Spreng.) Torr.—*Hypopeltis obtusa ? (Aspid-ebtustimt) Rocks [shady flat] near entucky river [near Rodgers’ at the Richmond Road] June [21] 1834.” [C/P 790(a)] SPERMATOPHYTA ANGIOSPERMAE-MONOCOTYLEDONAE POTAMOGETONACEAE Potamogeton foliosus Raf. var. foliosus —*Potamogeton compressus—parviflorus Brook [Wolf's Run] near Lex[ing-to]n July [2] 1834.” [C/P 795(a)] Second specimen [n.d.], probably as above [PH ad natans L.—‘Potamogeton natans, Kent[uck]y river June 1834.” [C/P ?] {Annotated B.H. 195/6 Potamogeton Lucens, Linn,” “J M C,” and “P. Lonchites, Tuckerman! A.B.”] [GL] Potamogeton natans L. var. prolixus Koch —“Potamogeton natans Kentucky river [near Rodgers’ at the Richmond Road] June [21] 1834.” [C/P 790(f)] Potamogeton nodosus Poir.—*Potamogeton natans Kentucky river [probably near Rodgers’| July 1834.” [PH] [C/P —] ALISMATACEAE eile latifolia Willd. f. obtusa (Muhl.) Robinson —“Sagittaria obtusa Wet, Banks, Kent[uck]y er [lagoon near Raven Creek] Aug[ust 23], 1834.” [C/P 815(a)] HyYDROCHARITACEAE Elodea canadensis Michx.—‘Serpicula canadensis In a lagoon, Banks of Kent[uck]y river [below Raven Creek] Aug[ust 23] 1834.” [C/P 815(e)] GRAMINEAE Agrostis alba L.—* Agrostis dispar ? (Mx.) Side of brook, Lexington July [2] 1834.” [C/P 795] 308 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B. S. P.—*Trichodium laxiflorum Sandy banks, Kentucky River [near Rodgers’] Aug[ust 16] 1834.” [CrP 812 1/2 (e)] Andropogon scoparius Michx.—“ Andropogon scoparium Rocky bank |[cliff, Boonsborough], slag river Aug[ust 8-9] 1834.” [C/P 812(n)] —“Andropogon purpurascens scoparius Bank [Raven Creek], ae) river a ra 1834.” [C/P 814(b)] Fee a ene ace (L.) Beauv.—*Arrhenatherum Kentttekiensts avenaceum [?] Grass plot, court- house yard, Lexington ee [26] 1834.” ce 768(a)| 2 specimens Dactylis glomerata L.—*Dactylis glomerata L. Grass plot [College lot], Lexington June 1833.” [C/P 534] Danthonia spicata (L.) Beauv.—*Danthonia spicata Dry roadside, [Richmond Road near] Kentfucky] river, [Madison Co.] June [1] 1834.” [C/P 781(c)] Elymus villosus Muhl.—*Elymus villosus Thickets [near Rodgers’] June [21] 1834.” [C/P 789(h)] Elymus virginicus L.—Elymus virginicus L. Thickets, etc. [vicinity of Lexington] June 1834.” [C/P -] Eragrostis hypnoides (Lam.) B. S. P.—*Poa reptans Sandy shore, Kentucky river [probably Fayette Co.] Aug[ust] 1833.” [C/P -] Eragrostis pectinacea (Michx.) Nees —“Poa pectinacea Sandy beach Kent[uck]y river, Boonsborough Aug[ust 8-9] 1834.” [C/P 812(j)] [Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] Glyceria ee (L.) R. Br.—*Glyceria fluitans Wet flat on Red river [probably near forge, Powell Co: entuck]y. June [2] 1834.” [C/P 774(a)] Givaiia nervata oe ) Trin.—*Poa nervata Wet places, Lexington June [21] 1834.” [C/P 793] Hystrix patula Moench.—*Elymus hystrix [Top of] cliff, [upper Shaker’s ferry] Kentucky river June [5] 1834.” [C/P ee ) ie oryzoides (L.) Sw.—Leersia oryzoides Wet places, Lex[ingto]n July [13] 1833.” [C/P 594] — eersia oryzoides Banks of Kentucky river [near Raven Creek] Aug[ust 23] 1834.” [C/P 814(i)] [Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] Leersia virginica Willd.—*Leersia virginica Damp places [Raven Creek] Aug[ust 23] 1834.” [C/P 814(h)] pion filiformis (Lam.) Beauv.—*Oxydenia attenuata (Nutt.) Old cultivated field near Ken|tuck |y er [near mouth of Elk Lick] Sept{ember 20] 1834.” [C/P 816(d)] Melica mutica Walt.—*Melica diffesa ? Pursh [Shaker ferry], Kent[uck]y river No. 767 May [19] 1834.” [C/P 767(a)] —“Melica (speciosa) Cliffs [Shaker ferry] Kent[uck]y river May [19] 1834.” [C/P 766 1/2 (b)] —“Melica speciosa Cliffs [Upper Shaker ferry] Kent[uck]y river May [23] 1835.” [C/P 829(j)] [PH] Melica striata (Michx.) Hitche.—*Bromus ? No. 766 [Shaker ferry, Kentucky river] May [19] 1834.” [C/P 766] Panicum capillare L.—*Panicum capillare Damp places [meadows and swampy], Lex[ingto]n July 1833.” [C/P 494] Panicum commutatum Schultes —*Panicum latifolium Meadow etc. [probably Rodgers’| June [May 3].” [C/P 469] Panicum dichotomiflorum Michx.—*Panicum geniculatum var. proliferum Lam. Alluvial banks, Kent[uck]y river [probably Fayette Co.] Sept{ember] 1834.” [2 specimens] [C/P -] Panicum ae sks Nash var. fasciculatum —*Panicum nitidum var. pilosum [Masterson’s] Meadow ingto]n June [16] 1835.” Annotated: “P. huachucae Ashe var. silvicola Hitchc. & Chase - det. Hea & Chase.” [C/P 836(d)] Panicum virgatum L.—*Panicum virgatum Rocky banks, Kent[uck]y river [Boonsborough] Aug{ust 1834.” [C/P 812(0)] Paspalum mucronatum Muhl.—*Ceresia fluitans Wet places near Lex[ingto]n June 1834.” [C/P —] [2 specimens] Paspalum pubescens Muhl. [Agnes Chase (R. S.)] —*Paspalum dasyphyllum (Elliott) Meadow, near ex[ingto]n July [14] 1835.” [C/P 847(z)] [PH] Poa brachyphylla Schultes —*Poa brevifolia Muhl. Woods [hillside near Rodgers’], Kent{uck]y river [April 5] 1834.” [C/P 724(a)] [2 specimens] Poa sylvestris Gray —“Koeleria pennsylvanica ? Woods, cliffs [and hillside, upper Shaker ferry Kent[uck]y river May [23] 1835.” [C/P 824(a)] [PH Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash —“Andropogon ciliatum Rocky bank, [Raven Creek], Kent[uck]y river Aug[ust 23] 1834.” [C/P 814(c)] ws 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 309 Sphenopholis nitida (Spreng.) Scribn.—*Koeleria ? No. 758 Hill side, [woods] Kent[uck]y river, [Rodg- ers’] May [20] 1834.” [C/P 758(a)] Sporobolus vaginaeflorus (Torr.) Wood —“Agrostis clandestina Dry ridge [road to Cincinnati, Grant Co.] Sep[tembe]r ulz8 1833.” [C/P 690(a)] Tridens yee (L.) Hitch. =e et seslerioides Rocky banks, Kent]uck]y river, [probably near rs’| See ae 1834.” [C/P Uniola ae Michx.—‘Uniola latifolia Damp soils, Boone Co. No. 415 [Pittsburgh number ?] June 34.” [C/P -] Uniola laxa (L.) B. S. P.—‘“Festuca ? (654) Marshy flats of Red river, K[entuck]y.” [In C/P, entry No. 654 reads: “Festuca (crossed out) Uniola gracilis Mx. ? Mr. Griswold. Marshy flats of Red river. [n.d.]” [PH] CYPERACEAE Carex albursina Sheldon —*Carex anceps ? Hill side [woods], Kent[uck]y river [Rodgers’] May [10] 1834.” [C/P 752] Carex eburnea Boott —“Carex alba ? Dry cliffs, Shaker ferry, Kent[uck]y river July 1834.” [C/P —] Carex ee Kunth.—“Carex ? No. 773 Wet meadow June [2] 1834.” [In C/P, No. 773 is squarrosa, orrey] [Annotated: “(young material)” “Carex typhina Schwein. 5/38 Det. by F. J. Hermann”] ene of E. C. Almendinger, Ann Arbor, Mich., presented by G. F. AGheS [C/P 773] — “Carex sparganoides ? Wet places [An earlier specimen was recorded in Peter’s Catalog as No. 755, on ee banks of shadey brook, Rogers’, Kentucky River at the Richmond Road.] July 1834. Carex hitchcockiana Lam.—‘Carex ? No. 754 Shady banks of brook near K[entuck]y river [Rodgers’] May [20] 1834.” [C/P 754] Carex laevivaginata ae ) Mack.—“Carex ? No. 758” [5/38 Det. by F. J. Hermann] [C/P -] Carex pennsylvanica —“Carex marginata ? Woods, hill side near Kentucky river [Rodgers] April [5] 1834.” ee P723(a )) Carex retroflexus —“Carex retroflexus ? Shadey banks of creek, on rocks. [Probably vicinity of Kentucky River] May 1834.” [C/P -] Carex shortii Torr. “Carex shortiana Dewey K.M.” —*No. 762 Carex ? ‘Shortii Torr. n. sp. [Torrey’s writing on label in ink, R. S.J’ [Creek near Woodford Road (C/P 762), west of Lexington, Fayette or Woodford Cos.] June 1834 [Date in C/P is May 16 1834; this may have been a later collection from the same locality].” (Torrey Herbarium, NY] Carex squarrosa L.—*“Carex squarrosa ? No. 779 Wet meadow near Richmond K[entuck]y June [1] 1834” [C/P 779] Carex sp.—“Carex ? No. 755 Rocky bank of creek [shadey brook, Rodgers’] at Kent[uck]y river May [20] 1834.” [C/P 755] Carex sp.—“Carex ? No. 772 Wet meadow [near Red River, probably near forge, Powell Co.] June [2] 1834.” [C/P 772] Carex sp.—‘Carex ? No. 781 Wet meadow [between Clay’s ferry and Richmond, Madison Co.] June [1] 1834.” [C/P 781] Cyperus aristatus Rottb.—*Cyperus inflexus Sandy beach, Kent[uck]y river [Rodgers’] Sep[tembe]r 1834.” [C/P -] Cyperus flavescens L.— ‘Cyperus flavescens Wet places, Lex[ingto]n July [20] 1833.” [C/P 607] Scirpus atrovirens Muhl.—*Scirpus atrovirens Wet places, Lex[ingto]n June 1834.” [C/P —] Scirpus lineatus Michx.—“Scirpus eriophorum Wet places, Lex[ingto]n June 1834.” [C/P -] COMMELINACEAE —“Commelina communis Damp places near Lex[ingto]n, [marsh 12 miles on road to Commelina diffusa Burm.—*Commelina communis Damp, near Lex{[ingto]n Aug[ust] 1833.” [C/P 660] [PH] Frankfort, Woodford Co.] Oct[ober] 1834 [Note: probably Seen 30, 1834].” [C/P 819(g)] PONTEDERIACEAE Heteranthera reniformis R. & P.—‘“Heteranthera reniformis Marshy pond 12 miles from Lex[ingto]n, [on road to Frankfort, Woodford Co.] Sep[tembe]r [3] 1834.” [2 specimens] [C/P 819(a)] [Also 1 aes at PH] 310 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Heteranthera sp. —“Leptanthus ovalis M[ichau]x Marshy pond on road from Lex{ingto]n to Frankfort probably Woodford Co.] Sep[tembe]r [3] 1834.” [C/P 819(a)] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, JUNCACEAE Juncus effusus L.— Juncus effusus ? Wet flats on Red river [probably near forge], K[entuck]y June [2] 1834.” [C/P 771(c)] Juncus tenuis Willd.— Juncus tenuis fields, Lex[ingto]n May 1834.” [C/P -] LILIACEAE Allium canadense L.—* Allium canadense L. Near Pittsburg, Penn{sylvaniJa. Meadow. July, 1831.” [C/P: None in July, 1831. “No. 370. Allium canadense (hex. mon.) June 7, 1831. Meadow garlic. Meadow back of penitentiary.” | Allium cernuum ue “Allium cernuum. Near Pittsburg, Penn[sylvanija. July 1831. poor speci- men.” [C/P: “No. 379, Allium cernuum Hex. mon. Woods hillside. July 25, 1831.” X-ref. to 370.] Allium tricoccum Ait.—* Allium tricoccum Leaves, in April Flowers in July 1834 Banks of Elk Lick, ent[uck]y river.” [C/P —] Camassia fraseri Torr.—*Phalangium esculentum Thickets [Williams’ thicket] about Lex[ingto]n, April [29] 1834.” [C/P 746(a)] Camassia scilloides (Raf.) Cory —Phalangium esculentum Thickets |Warfield’s woods] about Lex[ingto]n May [11] 1835.” [C/P 822(n)] [PH Erythronium albidum Nutt.—Erythronium albidum fields about Lex[ingto]n, [Winslow’s thicket] March [17] 1834.” [C/P — Erythronium americanum Ker —“Erythronium americanum Woods near Lex[ingto]n Ap[ri]l 1834.” [C/P —] [PH] Medeola virginiana L.—*Gyromia virginica Shadey Valley near Irvine [near Chalybeate spring, Lewis Co.] June [2] 1834.” [C/P 777(a)] Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf.—*“Convallaria racemosa Smilacina racemosa Desf. Pennsylvania n.d. piked Solomon Seal poor specimen.” [C/P: Convallaria Racemosa No. 80. 6.1 Spiked Solomon Seal stem subgeniculate Woods flowers small May 12, 1828.” X-ref. 54 = reference to “Conval- laria angusatoha, Two: flowered Solomon’s Seal leaves more than 3-nerved. Woods side of | ? ] May 15, 1828. 6.1 Trillium Silla leet (Michx.) Salisb.—*Trillium ain: Pittsburg Penn[sylvaniJa n.d.” [C/P: “Trillium grandiflora No. 42 May 2, 1828 false wake robin” | Trillium sessile L.—*Trillium sessile Thickets apie ete [woods beyond Warfield’s, N. side of nchester Road] April [9] 1834.” [C/P 727(c)] —*Trillium sessile Woods etc. May 1835.” (Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] [C/P — = i= AMARYLLIDACEAE eee snark — Agave virginica Dry hill top [above petrified falls, Elk Lick], near Kent[{uck]y r July [19] Te [C/P 799(n)] [Also 1 specimen at PH] pen hirsuta (L.) Coville var. hirsuta —‘Hypoxis erecta Hill top [woods] near Battlefield, Blue Lick Ap[ri]l [234-5] 1834.” [C/P 740(c)] IRIDACEAE Tris hehe Walt.—“Iris hexagona (Walt.) Wet place [swamp near Woodford road] near Lex|[ingto]n ne [20] 1835.” [C/P 839(a)] [PH] Iris versicolor L.— Iris virginica Wet flats on Red river [probably near forge, Powell Co.], K[entuck]y June [2] 1834.” [C/P 771(b) Sisyrinchium anceps Cav. [2] —“Sisyrinchium anceps Woods, [Rodgers’] May [25, 1833].” [C/P 483(b)] ORCHIDACEAE Arethusa bulbosa L.— Arethusa bulbosa. New Jersey May. from Dr. R. E. Griffith, Phil[adelphi]a.” [ his specimen stamped “Estate of Adams Jewett, M.D.,” not Douglass Houghton. | Corallorhiza wisteriana Conrad —“Corallorrhiza odontorrhiza Bank [of] Licking river, Blue Lick, [Nicholas Co.] Ap[ri]l [23-45] 1834.” [C/P 742(b)] 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 311 ANGIOSPERMAE-DICOTYLEDONAE SAURURACEAE Saururus cernuus L.—*Saururus cernuus Wet margins of brook, etc., near Lex[ingto]n [Wolf’s Run] July [2] 1834.” [C/P 794(b)] ULMACEAE Celtis occidentalis L.—“Celtis crassifolia Woods [about] Lex[ingto]n April [19] 1834 Large tree Poor spec[ime]n!” [C/P 734(a)] Celtis occidentalis L. var. pumila Gray —“Celtis pumila Bank, Kent[uck]y river, [upper Shaker’s ferry] (in fruit) June [5] 1834.” [C/P 785(k)] Ulmus alata Michx.—*Ulmus alata Top of a [Sweet Lick] Knob, Irvine, [Estil Co.] June [1] 1834.” [C/P 778(a)] MORACEAE Morus rubra L.—“Morus rubra [Probably vicinity of Lexington] May 1834.” [C/P —] URTICACEAE Urtica chamaedryoides Pursh —“Urtica urens Woods about Lex[ingto]n [beyond Warfield’s] April [9] 1834.” [C/P 727(a)] ARISTOLOCHIACEAE Asarum canadense L.—“Asarum canadense Rich shadey valley near Kent[uck]y river [Rodgers’] April [5 11834.” [C/P 720(e)] POLYGONACEAE Polygonum erectum L.—Polygonum erectum [Probably vicinity of Lexington] Corn - wet Sep[tembe]r [1834].” [C/P - BOO ae lapathifolium L.—*Polygonum lapathifolium Wet bank of a [Raven] creek, Kent[uck]y ver, Aug[ust 23] 1834.” [C/P 814(a)] Ee virginianum L.—*Polygonum virginianum Woods [Probably vicinity of Lexington] Aug[ust 1834].” [C/P -] CHENOPODIACEAE Chenopodium ambrosioides L. var. anthelminticum (L.) Gray — “Chenopodium anthelminticum Banks, Kent[uck]y river Aug[ust] 1834.” [C/P —] AMARANTHACEAE Acnida tamariscina (Nutt.) Wood —*Acnida cannabina Sandy beach of Ohio river, [North Bend at Cincinnati], Ohio eee 1833 Dwarfish specimens.” [C/P 693] Iresine paniculata (L.) Ktze.—“Iresine celosioides Alluvial banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Boonsborough] Aug[ust 8] 1834.” 2 oe [C/P 812(c)] [Also 1 specimen in Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] CARYOPHYLLACEAE pia ee Michx.—“Arenaria stricta Dry rocks near Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] May ’ (C/P 749(c)] —“Arenaria patula Cliffs, [upper Shaker ferry] Kent[uck]y river May [2 ee [C/P 829(r)] [PH] Cerastium nutans Raf. loomee) 10] 3] “Cerastium longipeduncularis Fields about Lex[{ingto]n May 1834.” [C/P -] Cerastium ec eaty L.—*Cerastium vulgare Field near Lex[ingto]n, [Williams’ thicket] Apri] [29] 1834.” [C/P 746(b)] Silene nol Nutt.—Silene rotundifolia (catch-fly) Cliffs [upper Shaker ferry], Kent[uck]y 5] 1834.” [C/P 788] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] Silene stellata ie ) Ait —**Cucubalus stellatus [Williams’] thicket near erineele [June 1833].” [C/P 533] Stellaria fontinalis (Short & Peter) Robinson — “Sagina fontinalis (N.S.) Wet places on the cliffs of y river, etc. [where springs flow over rocks, near Rodgers’ at the Richmond Road] See [5] 1834.” [C/P 725(a)] Note on sheet: ee type. See Transylvania Journ. Med. ,600 (not at Michigan). Trans J Med 600, 1836.” [See text of article for Peter’s own notes in his rae of Plants.” (p. 34)| B12 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Stellaria pubera Michx.—*Stellaria pubera Shadey vallies near Kent[uck]y river [Rodgers’] Ap[ri]] [5] >| 1834.” [C/P 726 RANUNCULACEAE Actaea alba (L.) Mill—* Actaea alba Shadey hill side [woods], Blue Lick Ap[ri]] [234-5] 1834.” [C/P 737] Anemonella thalictroides (L.) Spach.—* Anemone thalyctroides Thalictrum ?? Woods near Kent[uck]y river March 1834.” [C/P 716(c) )] Clematis virginiana L.—*Clematis virginica Fence corner near Lex[ingto|n Aug ust] 1833.” [C/P -] Delphinium tricorne Michx.—*Delphinium tricorne Hills, Blue Lick [Common] Apf[ri]l [23-4—5] 1834.” 42] | Hepatica acutiloba DC.—*Hepatica acutiloba Vallies - woods [Probably near Lexington] Ap[ri]l 1834.” [C/P -] Hydrastis canadensis L.—Hydrastis canadensis [Left bank Indian creek, woods, hillside], Blue Lick Ap[ri]] [23-4-5] 1834.” oe 740(b)| | specimen in Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] lsopyrum biternatum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gray —“Isopyrum thalyctroides Enemion biternatum (Raf.) Woods about een Mech [23] roe [C/P -] Ranunculus pusillus Poir—*Ranunculus pusillus Wet meadow near Richmond June [1] 1834.” [C/P 782] Thalictrum dioicum L.—*Thalictrum dioicum Banks of [Elkhorn] creek [at Maysville Road] near Lex[ingto]n Ap[riJl [1] 1834.” [C/P 719-2(d)] wns um polygamum Muhl.—*Thalictrum comprellum Woods, banks of Kentucky river [Rodgers] July [19] 1834.” [C/P 799(¢)] BERBERIDACEAE Siar Sch Ee aie (L.) Michx.—*Caulophyllum thalyctroides Open woods about Lex{ingto]n, [banks of Elkhorn Creek at the Maysville Road] April [19] 1834.” [C/P 733 1/2 (d)] Jeffersonia on (L.) Pers.—“Jeffersonia diphylla Woods [near old paper mill], Lex[ingto]n March [23] 1834.” [C/P 717] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] MENISPERMACEAE Cocculus carolinus (L.) DC.—*Cocculus carolinianus DC. Wendlandia populifol. Cliffs, Kent[uck]y er [Rodgers’] August 17 1833].” [C/P 648] eee rmum Lanna CHSe L.—*Menispermum canadense Near ee Penn[sylvanija. n.d. poor s “No, 216. Menispermum virginicum. 21.13 Moonseed. Woods. Side of coal-hill.’ 7 ANNONACEAE Asimina triloba (L.) Dunal —*Porcelia triloba Banks, Kent[uck|y river, [probably Fayette Co.] Ap[ri]] 1834.” [C/P -] LAURACEAE sage variifolium (Salisb.) Kuntze —*Laurus sassafras (fl. & fruit) Kentucky n.d.” [Probably cinity of Lexington ca. April 1834] [C/P -] PAPAVERACEAE Corydalis aurea Willd.—*Corydalis aurea Thickets [Winslow’s, Lexington] March [17] 1834.” [C/P 714(h)] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] Stylophorum diphyllum Michx.—*Meconopsis petiolatum Kentucky river [Rodgers’] Ap[ri]l [5] 1834.” [C/P 721(b)] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] CRUCIFERAE aka laevigata (Muhl.) Poir.—*Arabis falcata Banks of brooks, ete. [Probably vicinity of Lexington] Ap[ri]l 1834.” [C/P —] Cardamine hirsuta L.—*Cardamine pennsylvanica Wet. Banks of Elkhorn Creek, Lex[ingto|n Ap[ri]l 1834.” [C/P sae diphylla Michx.—*Dentaria diphylla Damp, shadey vallies near K[entuck]y river [Rodgers’] Ap[ri]l [5] 1834.” [C/P 720(c)] ceases heterophylla Nutt.—*Dentaria heterophylla Woods, [cliffs of] Kent[uck]y river [Rodgers’] Ap[ri]l [5] 1834.” [C/P 720(d)] 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 313 Draba ramosissima Desv.—“Draba dentata Cliffs of Kent[uck]y river [Rodgers’] May [10] 1834.” [C/P —“Draba dentata (Hooker) Cliffs, Kent[uck]y river [Rodgers’] Ap[ri]l & May 1834 [Hand of R. Peter (R. S.)].” Second label on sheet: “Draba dentata, Hook. Alyssum dentatum, Mett. [Hand of C. W. Short (R. S.)] Cliffs of K[entuck]y river [Rodgers’] C. W. Short, M.D., Lexington, 1835.” [cf. C/P 749(f)] [Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] Hesperis pinnatifida Michx.—“Hesperis pinnatifida Thickets etc. about Liexingto]n May 1833.” [(Her- barium of Columbia University, New York) NY] [C/P 443] Iodanthus pinnatifidus (Michx.) Steud —*Hesperis pinnatifida Thickets [Williams’] about Lex[ingto]n 17] 1834.” [C/P 763(d)] —“Hesperis pinnatifida Woods etc. [near Woodford road & old paper mill on Wolf run], Lex[ingto}n June [20] 1835.” [C/P 837(m)] [Charles W. Short Herbarium, PH] Rorippa islandica (Oeder ex Murray) Borbas subsp. glabra (O. E. Schulz) Stuckey var. fernaldiana (Butters et Abbe) Stuckey —“Barbarea vulgaris Wet. Lex[ingto]n May 1834.” [C/P Sisymbrium canescens Nutt.—*Sisimbrium canescens ? (Wet) Kent[uck]y river [Shaker Ferry] May [19] 1834.” [C/P 764(a)] PODOSTEMACEAE Podostemon ceratophyllum Michx.—Podostemum ceratophyllum Under water, on rocks, in the rip- ples of Kent[uck]y river [probably near Rodgers’] Aug[ust] 1833.” [C/P 642] CRASSULACEAE Sedum pulchellum Michx.—‘Sedum pulchellum K[entuck]y Dr. Peter [n.d.].” [cf. C/P 486 Kentucky ers’ May 25 1833] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] —“Sedum pulchellum On rocks. Banks, Kent[uck]y river [probably near Rodgers’] May 1834.” [C/P —] SAXIFRAGACEAE Heuchera pubescens Pursh —‘Heuchera pubescens on rocks. Banks of Red river [probably near orge] June [2] 1834.” [C/P 768(d)] Heuchera villosa Michx.—‘Heuchera caulescens Rocky banks, Elk lick, K[entuck]y river July [19] 1834.” [C/P 799(1)] Heuchera villosa Michx. var. macrorhiza R. B. L. det. 1933 —Heuchera caulescens On Rocks, Bank, Kent[uck]y river. Aug[ust] 1835.” [C/P —] [PH Saxifraga virginiensis Michx.—“Saxifraga virginiensis Rocks [opposite villa on Elkhorn] near Lex[ingto]n March [27] 1834.” [C/P 719(d)] HAMAMELIDACEAE Hamamelis virginiana L—*Hamamelis virginica Banks of creek [Elk Lick, near] Kent[uck]y river Oct[ober 16] 1834.” [C/P 822] ROSACEAE Agrimonia parviflora Ait-—“Agrimonia suaveolens (Ph) Dry meadow, Boonsborough August 8] 1834.” [C/P 809(a)] —‘Agrimonia suavolens Wet places, Olympian Springs, K[entuck]y Aug[ust] 1835.” [C/P —] [PH] Agrimonia striata Michx.—* Agrimonia eupatoria Woods, Olympian Springs, K[entuck]y Aug[ust 10- 0] 1835.” [C/P 876(e)] [PH] Crataegus coccinea L.—*Crataegus populifolia [Rocky bluff of Elkhorn Creek near Maysville Road, E. of] Lex[ingto]n Ap[ri] [19] 1834.” [C/P 735(a)] Crataegus crus-galli L_—*Crataegus crus-galli Lex[ingto]n Ap[ri]] 1834.” [C/P -| Geum album Gmel.—*Geum ee Woods about Lex[ingto]n July 1834.” [C/P -] Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & A. Gra —“Stylipus verna (Raf.) Fields etc. [Warfield’s woods near Lexington] May [11] 1835.” pee 822(k)] [PH] Gillenia stipulacea Nutt.—“Gillenia stipulacea Woods, hills near Irvine June [2] 1834.” [C/P 770(b) | Prunus angustifolia Marsh.—*“Prunus chicasa [Williams’ thicket], About Lex[ingto]n Ap[ri]] [15] 1834.” Prunus serotina Ehrh.—‘Prunus Virginiana [Swampy meadow on Woodford road, ? Fayette Co.] May [14] 1835.” [C/P 822(u)] [Charles W. Short Herbarium, PH] Prunus virginiana L.—“Prunus obovatus Banks of Elkhorn [Creek, at the Maysville turnpike, E of| Lex[ingto|n April [19] 1834.” [C/P 733 1/2 (e)] 314 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Kosa setigera Michx.— Rosa rubifolia Rocky banks, Kent[uck]y river [near Rodgers’] June [21] 1834.” [C/P 791] —*Rosa rubifolia Blue Lick June 1835.” [See C/P 842(p), July 1-2-3, 1835.] [PH] LEGUMINOSAE Amphicarpa dele (L.) Ell—*Amphicarpa monoica Shadey woods [probably vicinity of Lexing- nj July 1833.” [C/P =] Apios tuberosa Moench.—* Apios tuberosa Woods [probably vicinity of Lexington] July [ca. 1834].” [C/P -] —*Apios tuberosa Banks of brook Olympian Springs, K{entuck]y [August 10-20 1835].” [C/P 876(f)] [PH] Astragalus nee L.—* Astragalus canadensis Dry hills Blue Lick, K[entuck]y July [1-2-3] 1835.” [C/P 842(g)] [PH] Cassia nictitans L.—*Cassia nictitans Red river, Kfentuck]y [Mr. Griswold] July 1833.” —“Cassia nictitans Woods - hill sides cue Springs Aug[ust 10-20] 1835.” [C/P 875(j)] [PH] Cladrastis lutea (Michx. f.) Koch Virgilia lutea var, alba Banks, Kent[uck]y river [Lewis’ ferry, near Shakertown] May [11] 1833. hon 442} Desmodium grandiflorum (Walt.) DC.—"“Hedysarum acuminatum Woods, Kent[uck]y river [near Rodgers’| June [21] 1834.” [C/P a )| [2 sheets] Desmodium pauciflorum DC.—*Hedysarum eee (Nutt.) Open woods [dry], near [old paper- mill], Lex[ingto]n July [13] 1833.” [C/P 595] Desmodium baked ian DC. [Not det. by __G.S., (R. $.)] —*Hedysarum rotundifolium Woody hill side an Springs, K[entuck]y Aug{ust 10-20] 1835.” [C/P 876(d)| [PH] Hedysarum aa L. —*(Penciled above) Desmodium maril. Boot. Banks Kentluck]y river, aven’s Creek Aug[ust 16] 1834” [C/P 812(r)] Lespedeza procumbens Michx.—*Lespedeza procumbens Dry ridge, road te Cincinnati [Grant Co.] Sep[tembe]r 1833.” ee -| Lespedeza violacea (L.) Pers.—“Lespedeza violacea, Pers. Thickets near Lexington, Kentucky. R. Peter M.D. (Ex. Madsch Hees ) August] 1838 [Not an original Peter label (R. S.)] [(Herbarium of Alex MacElwer|?]) fe Phaseolus polystachyus (L.) B. S. P.—*Phaseolus perennis Woods, banks, Kent[uck]y river, [near Rodgers’| July 1834.” ee 799(1)} Strophostyles helveola (L.) Ell—*Strophostyles angulosa Beach of Ohio river [probably vicinity of orth Bend, near Cincinnati.| Sep[tembe]r 1833.” [C/P —] Strophostyles umbellata (Muhl.) Britt.—*Strophostyles peduncularis Hills about Crab orchard, K[entuck]y Aug[ust ee 1835.” [C/P 856(b)] [PH] Stylosanthes biflora (L.) B —*Stylosanthes elatior Sandy hills near Red river [possibly near forge], K[entuck]y Tuly ee ” [C/P -] Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers—‘Galega virginiana Dry hill-side [top of Sweet Lick knob) near Irvine, K[entuck]y June [1] 1834.” [C/P 778(b)] Be etl stoloniferum Muhl.— Trifolium stoloniferum Fields about Lex[ingto]n May 1834 (Vulg. Buffalo Clover’).” [C/P —] —“Trifolium stoloniferum Meadows ete. [about Lexington] June 1835.” [C/P 830(b)] [Thomas C. Porter Herbari | Vicia cracca L.—*Viccia cracca Woods [cliffs], ae river [near Rodgers’] Ap[ri]l [5] 1834.” [C/P 720(1)| — OXALIDACEAE Oxalis stricta L.—*Oxalis stricta Woods near Lex{ingto]n May 1833.” [C/P -] RUTACEAE Prelea trifoliata L.—*Ptelea trifoliata Banks Kent[uck]y river [Upper Shakers ferry] fl May [19]; frt June [5] 1834.” [Annotated: Revision of Ptelea (Rutaceae) Ptelea trifoliata L. subsp. trifoliata var. trifoliata Virginia Bailey, Univ. of Mich., October, 1958] [C/P 714(b) & C/P 784(d)| POLYGALACEAE 473] fie can of Columbia University, New York, NY] —*Polygala senega Banks, ee river, [Upper Shaker’s ferry] June [5] 1834.” [C/P 789(e)] sak senega L.—*Polygala Senega Shady banks of Boon|e]’s creek, See river May [25] CP. 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER Sil) Polygala senega L. var. latifolia Torr. & A. Gray —“Polygala senega Top of cliff, Kent[uck]y river, [Upper] Shaker ferry June [5] ie (err 789(e)] [Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] EUPHORBIACEAE Euphorbia corollata L.—‘*Euphorbia corollata Cliffs, Kent[uck]y river, [Boonsborough] Aug[ust 8] 1834.” [C/P 811(b)] ee peplus L.— ‘Euphorbia peplus Open wood, [Kentucky River near Rodgers’] May [25] 1833.” [C/P 485] BUXACEAE Pachysandra procumbens Michx.—*Pachysandra procumbens Cumberland & Barren rivers, K[entuck]y Feb[ruary] & March [ca. 1834].” [C/P —] [Also one specimen at PH, det. A. C. Robbins, 1960] LIMNANTHACEAE Floerkea proserpinacoides Willd. [Note: No writing by Peter on this sheet, but in his “Catalogue” is “No. 730, Floerkea uliginosa, April 9, 1834 Wet, damp, Warfield’s wood. Duplication 706 (Dr. Short).’ 1 ANACARDIACEAE Rhus glee Ait.—“*Rhus aromaticum Banks of Elkhorn [creek] near Lex[ingto]n April 1834.” [cf. C/P 747(a) May 3 1834] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA Rhus ae L.— “Rhus glabrum.” [Charles W. Short Herbarium, PH] [C/P 558(c)] CELASTRACEAE Celastrus scandens L.—*“Celastrus scandens [Margin of field, damp, top of cliff, Upper Shaker’s e entucky river June [5] 1834.” [C/P CO Euonymus atropurpureus Jacq.—*Euonymus yocuepurec: Banks, Kent[uck]y river May 1834. ] Euonymus obovatus Nutt.—*Euonymus obovatus [Rocks, etc., Rodgers’], Kentucky river May [10] 1834.” [C/P 760(b)] STAPHYLEACEAE Staphylea trifolia L_—*Staphylea trifolia (Bladder-nut) Near L[e]x[ington]-banks of Brook May 1834.” [C/P —] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] HIPPOCASTANACEAE Aesculus glabra Willd. [Note: No writing by Peter on this sheet, but this may be the same plant as the ered in Peter’s “Catalogue” as “Aesculus ohioensis (M[ichau]x, No. 733, April 15, 1834, Williams’ thicket, Lexington.” Aesculus glabra X octandra [Det. Hardin 1956] —“Aesculus ohioensis Woods [Winslow’s thicket] about Lex[ingto]n May [6] 1835.” [C/P 822(f)] [PH] Aesculus macrostachya Michx. —“[not Peter’s label] Aesculus Macrostachya White Buck eye woody ich soil B. Co. L.P. June 29” [MICH label: Aesculus macrostachya Damp, rich soil, Boone Co. Kentucky Robert L. Peter June 29, 1834.] eae Revision of the American Hip- pocastanaceae Aesculus parviflora Walt. James W. Hardin 1956. Herbarium of E. C. Almend- inger] [C/P -] RHAMNACEAE Ceanothus americanus L—*Ceanothus americanus Cliffs [near Rodgers’, Kent[uck]y river June [21] 1834.” [C/P 789(c)] Rhamnus caroliniana Walt-—“Rhamnus carolinianus Cliffs, Boon[e]’s Creek, Kent[uck]y river May 35.” [C/P -] Rhamnus lanceolata Pursh —“Rhamnus Shortii (Nutt) Rocky banks Kent[uck]y river May 1833.” [Note: Rhamnus lanceolatus is entered as C/P 484 1/2 on May 25, 1833, from Rodgers’, Kent[uck]ly river.] [Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH VITACEAE Vitis bicolor Le Conte [F. V. M. ’89] —“Vitis riparia (odoriferous grape) Pittsburgh P[ennsylvani]a [May 29 1830] —Dr. R. Peter [Short’s writing (R. S.)] [C/P 344] [Charles W. Short Herbarium, PH] 316 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 TILIACEAE Tilia heterophylla Vent.—*Tilia pubescens Blue Lick, K[entuck]y June [July 1-2-3] 1835.” [C/P 842(h)] [PH] HyYPERICACEAE (GUTTIFERAE) Ascyrum hypericoides L. var. multicaule (Michx.) Fernald [William P. Adams, 1956] —“Ascyrum crus-andraea Hill tops etc. near Crab orchard, K[entuck]y Aug[ust 2-3] 1835.” [C/P 851(f)] [PH] Hypericum gentianoides (L.) B. S. P.—*Sarothra hypericoides Hills & fields Crab orchard, K[entuck]y Aug|[ust 2-3] 1835.” [C/P 848(d)] [PH] Hypericum mutilum L.—* Hypericum parviflorum Beach, Kent[uck]y river [at Boonsborough] Aug{[ust 1834.” [C/P 811(d)] —“Hypericum parviflorum Old field Crab Orchard, K[entuck]y Aug{ust 2 3] 1835.” [C/P 849(b)] [PH] Hypericum perforatum L.—*Hypericum perforatum Banks [growing in crevices in rocky beach of] Kent[uck]y river, [at Combs’ ferry] July [6] 1833.” [C/P 583(d)] Hypericum prolificum L. [Det. Adams 1959] —*Hypericum prolificum Old field Olympian Springs, K[entuck]y Aug[ust 10-20] 1835.” [C/P 876(h)] [PH] CISTACEAE Lechea racemulosa Michx.—*Lechea racemulosa Hill tops — woods near Crab orchard, K[entuck]y Aug{[ust 2-3] 1835.” [C/P 864] [PH] VIOLACEAE Hybanthus concolor (T. F. Forst.) Spreng.—*lonidium concolor Woods, rocky, near Lex|[ingto]n April 1834.” [C/P —] Viola canadensis L.—*Viola canadensis Woods, Pittsburg May 1834.” [ef. C/P: “No. 60 Viola ae ods violet Damp woods root fibrous, pet[als] purple white on outside. May 5, 1828 Viola cucullata Ait.—* Viola cucullata Woods, etc., Lex[ingto]n March 1834.” [C/P -] Viola eee 3 —*Viola pedata Licking river, [Nicholas Co.] K[entuck]y May.” [cf. C/P 503 Mud Lick May 1833] [Isaac C. Martindale Herbarium, NA] Viola striata Ait—Viola striata Fields, etc. [Williams’ thicket] about Lex[ingto]n April [15] 1834.” [C/P 730(b)] LYTHRACEAE Cuphea viscosissima Jacq.—*Cuphea viscosissima Dry road side [Kentucky River, Elk Lick] Aug|ust 16] 1834.” [C/P 812(x)] ONAGRACEAE Circaea lutetiana L. —*Circaea lutetiana Woods Blue Lick, K[entuck]y June ae 1-2] 1835.” [C/P 842(m)] [PH] —*Circaea lutetiana Woods, about Lex[ingto]n June 1834.” [C/ P -] Epilobium coloratwm Muhl.—*Epilobium coloratum Damp [probably vicinity of Lexington] Aug[ust] 1834.” [C/P -] Oenothera muricata L.—*Oenothera muricata.” [C/P —] [Charles W. Short Herbarium, PH] ARALIACEAE Panax ee L.—*Panax quinquefolium L. Poor specimen. Pittsburg, P[ennsylvaniJa April 1829.” [cf. C/P: “No, 225, Panax quinquefolium 5.2 Ginseng side of coal hill - woods July 4, 1829.” UMBELLIFERAE Chaerophyllum a ee (L.) Crantz — capt ce ee Fence corners etc. Lex[ingto]n Ap|[riJl May 1833. [Noted on sheet, “Ex Herb. Du (R. S.)]” [C/P 440] [PH] — Rael lum ee Fence corners, [ Williams’ shicketl ee Fl. April [15], Fr. May 1834.” [C/P 731(b)] Cicuta maculata L.—*Cicuta maculata Damp [probably vicinity of Lexington] July [ca. 1834].” [C/P -] Cryptotaenia canadensis (L.) DC.—“Chaerophyllum canadense (Damp) Near Lex[ingto]n [June 1833].” Erigenia bulbosa Nutt.—Erigenia bulbosa Woods about Lex[ingto]n March 1834.” [C/P 719(b)] sae longistylis DC.—*“Uraspermum claytoni Osmorrhiza longistylis (sweet cicily) Banks, uck]y river, [probably at Rodgers’] May 1834.” [C/P —] 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER Sie? Thaspium barbinode Nutt. —“[Not Peter’s label] Lexington, Ky. Coll. Dr. Houghton” [In ink on sheet: Lexington, Ky. Dr. Houghton] [Note: Peter first collected this plant on May 6, 1828, in the vicinity of Pittsburgh.] [C/P —] CORNACEAE Cornus drummondii C. Meyer —“Cornus alba Banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Lower Shaker’s ferry] June [5] 1834.” [C/P 784(c)] Cornus florida L.—‘“Cornus florida Blue Lick, Licking river Ap[ri]l [234-5] 1834.” [C/P 744(d)] ERICACEAE Kalmia latifolia L—*“Kalmia latifolia Banks, Red river [probably near forge], K[entuck]y June [2] 1834.” [C/P 776(b)] Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. —*Andromeda arborea Woods & fields Crab orchard, K[entuck]y Aug[ust 2-3] 1835.” [C/P 854(a)] [C/P 854(a)] PH] PRIMULACEAE sare meadia L.—‘*Dodecatheon meadea Cliffs of Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] April [5] 1834.” [C/P 720(a)] —“Dodecatheon Meadia (in fl.) Cliffs [probably near Shaker ferry], Kent{uck]y river May 1835.” [cf. C/P 829(n)] [PH] Hottonia inflata L.—‘Hottonia inflata Pond near Red river, [in swamp; probably near forge] June [2] 1834.” [C/P 774(b)] Lysimachia ciliata L—*Lysimachia ciliata Damp, [Wolf's Run] near Lex[ingto]n July [2] 1834.” [C/P 795 1/2 (b)] [Also one specimen at PH] Lysimachia hybrida Michx.— (aoe hybrida Wet, meadow near Lex{ingto]n July 1834.” [C/P —] [2 specimens] ones lanceolata Walt—“Lysimachia quadriflora Hills about Blue Lick, K[entuck]y June [July 2-3] 1835.” [C/P Pa [PH] Linc quadrifolia Lysimachia quadrifolia Woods [on hills] near [Red River], Irvine, K[entuck]y June [2] aoe [C/P 770(d)] Samolus be H. B. K.—*Samolus valerandi Alluvial banks, Kent[uck]y river, Boonsborough, K[entuck]y wet Aug[ust 8] 1834.” [C/P 811(c)] —“Samolus valerandi Wet places Blue lick, K[entuck]y June 1835.” [C/P -] [PH] EBENACEAE Diospyros virginiana L.—“Diospyros virginiana Banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Lower Shaker’s ferry] June [5S] 1834.” [C/P 785(a)] GENTIANACEAE Frasera carolinensis (Walt.) Ktze. [past annot. (R. S.)] —“Frasera Walteri Cliffs, Kent{uck]y river June 1835.” [C/P —] [PH APOCYNACEAE Apocynum cannabinum L.—*Apocynum hypericifolium Rocky beach of Kentucky river, [Combs ferry] July [6] 1833.” [C/P 584(a)] —*Apocynum cannabinum Side of Brook [back of Warfield’s Woods] near Lex[ingto]n June 1833.” [C/P 570] ASCLEPIADACEAE Ampelamus albidus (Nutt.) Britt—*Enslenia albida River alluvions Kentucky & Ohio rivers July 3.” [C/P 626] [PH] Asclepias incarnata L.—*Asclepias amoena Fields - sides of Brooks [probably vicinity of Lexington] Aug[ust] 1834.” [C/P -] Gonolobus gonocarpos (Walt.) Perry —*Gonolobus macrophyllus Fence, near Versailles, [road to Sublett’s, Woodford Co.] K[entuck]y July [3, 4] 1834.” [C/P 796] [2 specimens; on the second one, writing on label not Peter’s Gonolobus laevis Michx.—“Enslenia albida Alluvial banks, Kent[uck]y river, Boonsborough Aug[ust 8] 1834.” [C/P 812(d)] [2 specimens] Matelea decipiens (Alexander) Woods.—*“Gonolobus hirsutus Dry, rocky, woods. Near Kentucky river [Rodgers’] July 1834.” [C/P — But see No. 601, July 20, 1833.] 318 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Vincetoxicum gonocarpus Walt.—*Gonolobus macrophyllus Fence corners near [beyond] Versailles road to Sublett’s, Woodford Co.], K[entuck]y July [3-4] 1834.” [G.* Peteri (annot. by Pickering (R. S.)] [C/P 796] [PH] POLEMONIACEAE Phlox divaricata L.—*Phlox divaricata Woods, about Lex[ingto]n March [23] 1834.” [C/P 715(b)] Phlox maculata L.—*Phlox maculata ee meadow, near Lex[ingto]n July 1833.” [C/P 588] Phlox maculata L. subsp. odorata (Sweet) Whe ETW = maculata Gen. Phlox, p. 113, 55) — “Phlox maculata Meadow eee ie. phere nae 8] 1834.” [C/P 809(b)] [Charles W. Short Herbarium, PH] Phlox stolonifera Sims —*Phlox reptans, Michx. stolonifera, Bot. Mag. Kentucky, Dr. Peter From E. Durand’s herb. [n.d.].” [Pencil - what I’ve always considered Durand’s writing (R. S.)] [C/P —, except cf. Pittsburg 30(b), April 28 1828] [PH] Phlox subulata L.—*Phlox setacea Rocks, near Pittsburg, ae a oe [C/P: “No. 20 Phlox [? 18 setacea. 5.1. flowers purple & white. On rocky bank above [?]. April oar | Polemonium heptane L.—*Polemonium reptans Thicket near cote March [23] 1834.” [C/P 715(a)} —*“Polemonium reptans Thickets [Winslow’s] near Lex[ingto]n May [6] 1835.” [C/P 822(c)] [PH] HyYDROPHYLLACEAF Hydrophyllum appendiculatum Michx.—*Hydrophyllum appendiculatum [Williams’ thicket], about Lex[ingto]n May [17] 1834.” [C/P 763(f)] ae Cala Michx. (L. C. 1947) —*Phacelia heterophylla Shady valley [Upper Shaker’s erry], Kent[uck]y river May [23] 1835.” [C/P 822(w)] [PH] Phacelia ae Buckley —“Phaselia fimbriata [Williams’] Thicket near Lex[ingto]n April [15] 1834.” Phacelia purshii Buckl. ssp. purshii ( Baker, 1961) —*Phacelia fimbriata Thickets about Lex[ingto]n April [15] 1834.” [C/P 730(c)] [Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH] BORAGINACEAE Lithospermum canescens (Michx.) Lehm.—*Batschia canescens [Sterile, rocky] hillside, Blue Lick April [23-4—S] 1834.” [C/P 745(a)] Mertensia virginica (L.) Link —*Pulmonaria virginica Banks of brook [Wolf’s Run], near Lex[{ingto]n March [23] 1834.” [C/P 715(d)] VERBENACEAE Lippta lanceolata Michx.—*Zapania nodiflora Sandy beach, Kent[{uck]y river, [Combs’ ferry] July [6] 1833.7 [Cir S82] Verbena angustifolia Michx.—*Verbena angustifolia [Dry] roadside near Kent[uck]y river, [|Combs’ ferry] July [6] 1833.” [C/P 585(b)] LABIATAE Blephilia ciliata Raf—*Monarda ciliata Fields (damp) about Lex[ingto]n June 1834.” [C/P —] Blephilia hirsuta (Pursh) Benth.—*Monarda hirsuta Fields about Lex[ingto]n June 1834.” [C/P —] Dracoc acl cordatum Nutt. —*Dracocephalum cordatum Alluvial banks Kentucky river, [Rodg- May [20] 1834.” [C/P 759] ee C. Porter Herbarium, PH] Seite virginianum L. (E. McClin 1947) —*“Dracocephalum variegatum Sandy beach Kentucky river, [Rodgers’| July [19] ee cL 799(d)| [PH] Isanthus brachiatus (L.) B. S. P.—“Isanthus coeruleus Dry rocky hill, [mouth of Elk Lick, near Kentucky River] Sep[tembe]r [20] 1834.” [C/P 817(b)| ioe eaane ee (Nutt.) Britt.—*“Dracocephalum cordatum Alluvial bank, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodg- ay [20] 1834.” [C/P 759] Mentha eee L.—*“Mentha tenue Wet places [probably vicinity of Lexington] July 1834.” [C/P ntha viridis Wet places [on Elkhorn Creek] near Lex[ingto]n August 30] 1835.” [C/P 887()] (PH Monarda clinopodia L.—*Monarda oblongata Dry fields [on road to Combs’ ferry] near Lex[ingto]n July [6] 1833 Stem purple (dark).” [C/P 583(e)] 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 319 Pycnanthemum flexuosum (Walt.) B. S. P.—“Pycnanthemum linifolium Rocky bank, [hillside above petrified falls, Elk Lick], Kent[uck]y river July [19] 1834.” [C/P 799(0)] [Also one specimen at PH] Pycnanthemum incanum (L.) Michx.—*Pycnanthemum incanum Dry field near Lex[ingto]n July 1833.” [C/P -] Sepa a sone Brig.—‘Cunila glabella (the true plant of M[ichau]x On fragments of lim of brook, [road to Frankfort] near Lex[ingto]n June [27] 1834.” [C/P 794] [Also one specimen at ae Scutellaria nervosa Pursh —‘“Scutellaria ambigua ? Woods [near Woodford Road and old paper mill Wolf Run] near Lex[ingto]n June [20] 1835.” [C/P 837(0)] [PH] ae tenuifolia Willd —*Stachys aspera Alluvial banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Boonsborough] Aug[us]t [8] 1834.” [C/P 812(b)] SCROPHULARIACEAE Chelone glabra L.—*Chelone glabra Damp places about Lex[ingto]n Sept{ember] 1834.” [C/P —] Collinsia verna Nutt.—“Collinsia verna Woods [Winslow’s thicket] near Lex[ingto]n May [6] 1834.” [C/P 749(b)] Gerardia tenuifolia Vahl.—*Gerardia tenuifolia [Top of] Dry ridge, road to Cincin[nJa[ti, Grant Co.] Sep[tembe]r [28] 1833.” [C/P 690(d)] Gratiola virginica L. —“Gratiola virginica Sand bar Kent[uck]y river July 1834.” [Penciled on sheet: neglecta] [C/P -] Lindernia dubia (L.) Pennell var. major Pursh —*Lindernia dilatata Beach, Kent[uck]y river Aug[ust] 1834.” [C/ [PH] Pedicularis canadensis L.—*Pedicularis canadensis Hill side, Blue Lick Apf[ri]l [23-4—-5] 1834.” [C/P 44(c)] Penstemon hirsutus (L.) Willd. (F. W. P. 1924) —*Penstemon pubescens Woods & hill sides near Irvine, K[entuck]y June [2] 1834.” [C/P 770(c)] [PH] Penstemon laevigatum Ait.—*Penstemon laevigatum Banks of a brook, near Lex[ingto]n, [Shaker erry (Dr. Short)] May [19] 1834.” [C/P 765(b)] Veronica peregrina L.—*Veronica peregrina Cultiv[ate]d fields near [Warfield’s] Lex[ingto]n Ap[ri]l [9] 1834.” [C/P 727(g)] Sy ACANTHACEAE ges americana (L.) Vahl —“Justicia pedunculosa Wet, ae Kent[uck]y river July 1834” nciled on label: Dianthera Americana L.; MICH label, Dianthera americana L. (annotated: ae of S. Florida Herbarium Justicia americana (L.) Vahl, ae 1975, determined by Martha Meagher.) [C/P 785(b) Justicia peduncularis listed from Upper Shaker’s ferry on June 5, 1834.] PHRYMACEAE Phryma leptostachya L.—*Phryma leptostachia Woods, Lex[ingto]n [common] June 1833.” [C/P 551(e)] PLANTAGINACEAE Plantago cordata Lam. (O.K. E. L. M. Dec. 31 ‘04) —“Plantago cordata Lam. Kentuckiensis Canadensis [in pencil (R. S.)] From Kentucky, Dr. Peter From E. Durand’s Her[barium] [n.d.].” [C/P ~| [PH] RUBIACEAE Galium aparine L.—*Galium aparine Thicket near Lex[ingto]n May 1834.” [C/P —] Galium lanceolatum Torr.—‘Galium lanceolatum Wood, K[entuck]y June 1834.” [C/P —] Galium tinctorium L.—Galium tinctorium Meadow near Richmond, K[entuck]y June 1834.” [C/P —] ies ciliolata Torr.—‘Houstonia ciliolata Among the rocks of the Battle field of Blue Lick, K[entuck]y April [23-4—5] 1834.” [C/P 744(a)] a ae intermediate, H7. purpurea L. x H. tenuifolia Nutt. (E. Terrell, 1957) —“Houstonia longifolia Kentucky River [probably Rodgers’ June] 1834.” [C/P 792] Houstonia ee) Gaertn.—*Houstonia longifolia Sandy banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] June [21] 1834.” [C/P 792] Houstonia purpurea L.—Houstonia purpurea Cliffs, Kentucky river [Rodgers’] June [21] 1834.” [C/P CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Go ie) j=) CAPRIFOLIACEAE allen racemosa L. Sambucus pubescens. Poor spec[ime]n from Spe? ne eee April *1C/P Sambucus pubescens from April 1834. Index refer “No. 32. ambucus eae 5.3 Red-berried Elder. Coal hill. April 28, 1828.”] fae one specimens, n.d., Charles W. Short Herbarium, PH] Triosteum angustifolium L.—*Triosteum angustifolium Fence corner, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’} May [20] 1834.” [C/P 760(a)] Viburnum prunifolium L.—*Viburnum prunifolium Banks, Licking river, Blue Lick April [234-5] 1834.” [C/P -] V ALERIANACEAE Valeriana pigs Michx.—“Valeriana pauciflora Banks of creek at Kent{uck]y river, [Rodgers’] ot entirely agree with descript[io]n of V. pauc. May [20] 1834.” [C/P 756(b)] Valerianella umbilicata (Sull.) Wood —*Fedia radiata Damp meadows about [swamp on Woodford oad near] Lex[ingto]n [probably intersection of present-day Wolf Run and U.S. 60] May [6] 1834.” [C/P 748(c)] CAMPANULACEAE Campanula americana L.— Campanula acuminata Fence corners about Lex[ingto]n July 1834.” [C/P -] Lobelia cardinalis L.—Lobelia cardinalis Banks, Kent[uck]y river [near Raven Creek] Aug|[us I8 af, [Annotated: Lobelia Cardinalis L. Determined by Rogers McVaugh - 1937.] [C/P Hey —*Lobelia cardinalis Wet places Olympian Springs, K[entuck]y Aug[ust 10-20] 1835.” [C/P 873(e)] [PH] Lobelia spicata Lam.—* Lobelia claytoniana Roadside near Irvine, K[entuck]y June [1] 1834.” [C/P -] alse eles L.—*Lobelia syphilitica Damp places, Kent[{uck]y river, [probably mouth of Elk Sep[tembe]r 1834.” [C/P —] Lobelia sp. (R. McV. 1934) —*Lobelia pallida Woods, hills Blue Lick, K[entuck]y July [1-2-3] 1835.” [C/P —] [PH] COMPOSITAE Actinomeris alternifolia (L.) DC.—*Actinomeris squarrosa Common; fence corners, etc. [vicinity of Lexington] Aug[ust] 1834.” [C/P —] [Also one specimen at PH] Antennaria plantaginifolia (L.) Richards.—*Gnaphalium plantagineum [Stoney hills - among rocks] Blue Lick, K[entuck]y Ap[ri]l [23-4-5] 1834.” [C/P 744(f)] Aster cordifolius L.— ‘Aster cordifolius Shadey vallies, Kent{uck]y river, [Rodgers’] Oct[ober 16] 1834.” [C/P 820(c)] Aster ontarionis Wieg.— Aster miser ? Gravelly beach, [mouth of Elk Lick], Kent[uck]y river Sep[tembe]r [20] 1834.” ee 817(a)] Aster eee Ait. var. phlogifolius Nees —* Aster phlogifolius [Woods, hill side top of] cliff, Kent{uck]y Rodgers’|] Oct[ober 16] 1834.” [C/P 821(f)] Aster pis Willd.— Aster multiflorus. Pittsburg, Pennj(sylvanila. n.d.” [C/P: “No. 324. Aster multi- . 18_2 W. Hab [?] pon viva Oct[ober] 5, 1829.” [X-ref. to Nos. 148, 267, 319, 320, 321, ae 993, ] Aster prenanthoides Muhl.—* Aster prenanthoides Damp places about Lex[ingto]n Sep[tembe]r 1834.” C/P -] C specimens] [Also one specimen at PH, Schweinitz Herbarium. “Pittsburg, Pennsylva- nia, 183 Aster shortit Hooker —“Aster Shortii Hooker Rocky banks Kent{uck]y river [probably Rodgers’ ] Sept[ember] 1834.” [Torrey Herbarium, NY] Astranthium integrifolium (Michx.) Nutt. subsp. integrifolium —“Bellis integrifolia Hill side, [woods] near Irvine, K[entuck]y June [1] 1834.” [C/P 78 Bidens cernua L.—*Bidens chrysanthemoides Beach of Kent[uck]y river, [mouth of Elk Lick] Sept[ember 20] 1834.” CIP 816(g)] [PH] Bidens frondosa L.—* Bidens cernua Bante Kent[uck]y river, [probably Fayette Co.] Aug[ust] 1834.” CrP Bidens laevis (L.) B. S. P.—*Bidens chrysanthemoides Damp places, [probably beach near Kentucky River, mouth of Elk Lick] Sep[tembe]r [20] 1834.” [C/P 816(g)] 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER BPA Cacalia atriplicifolia L_—*Cacalia atriplicifolia Banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’[] Aug[ust 16] 1834.” [C/P 812 1/2 (f)] Cirsium altissimum (L.) Spreng.—‘Cnicus altissimus Fence corner Near Lex[ingto]n August 31] 1833.” [C/P 657] Cirsium discolor (Muhl.) Spreng.—“Cnicus discolor Field near Lex[ingto]n Aug[ust 30] 1835.” [C/P 888(a)] [PH] Coreopsis auriculata L.—*Coreopsis auriculata Woods near [Red River] Winchester, Kent[uck]y June [2] 1834.” [C/P 770(a)] Coreopsis major Walt.—‘Coreopsis linifolia Old field Crab orchard, K[entuck]y Aug[ust 2-3] 1835.” [C/P 853] [Thomas C. Porter Herbarium, PH Coreopsis tripteris L.—‘Coreopsis tripteris Cliffs of Kent[uck]y river, [Boonsborough] Aug[ust 8] 1834.” [C/P 811(a)] [Also one specimen at PH] Eclipta ee (L.) Hassk.—‘Eclipta procumbens Beach, Kent[uck]y river, Boonsborough Aug[ust 8] 1834.” [C/P 812(g)] aoe paca Willd.—“Elephantopus carolinianus Alluvial bank, Kent[uck]y river, Boons- borough ckly ae —9] 1834.” [C/P 812(1)] Erigeron Sees L.—“Erigeron purpureum Fields about Lex[ingto]n, [Williams’ thicket, old race track] May [17] 1834.” CIP 763(e)| Erigeron pulchellus Michx.—‘“Erigeron bellidifolium [Stoney] hill side, Blue Lick, K[entuck]y river Ap[ri]l [23-4-5] 1834.” [C/P 744(e)] [Note: Although Peter’s specimen is inscribed “Kentuck river,” the river which flows past Blue Lick is the Licking River. ] a ese coelestinum L.—Eupatorium coelestinum Banks, Kent[uck]y river, Raven Creek Aug[ust 23] 1834.” [C/P oo) Eupatorium purpureum L.—Eupatorium purpureum Alluvial banks of Kent[uck]y river, Boonsbor- ough Aug[ust 8] 1834.” [C/P 811(g)] Eupatorium serotinum Michx.—Eupatorium ceanothifolium Barrens of Kent[uck]y Dr. Short Sep[tember] 1835.” [C/P 922] [PH] Eupatorium sessilifolium L—*Eupatorium sessilifolium Not quite in fllower], [Clay’s ferry], Kent{uck]y river [September 14 1833].” [C/P 670] [Also one specimen at PH] ae polycephalum Michx.—“Gnaphalium polycephalum Woods about Lex[ingto]n, [marsh 1 oad to Frankfort, Woodford Co.] Sep[tembe]r [30] 1834.” [C/P 819(b)] Helenium autumnale L.—‘Helenium autumnale Common in wet places [probably vicinity of Lexing- on] Sep[tembe]r 1834.” [C/P - Helianthus decapetalus L.—“Helianthus decapetalus Alluvial banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] Sees [14] 1833.” [C/P 682] —“Helianthus hispidulus ? doronicoides [added in pencil (R. S.] Banks of Kent[uck]y river [probably Rodgers’] Sept{ember] 1835.” [cf. C/P 890(b)] [PH] Heliopsis ae (L.) Sweet subsp. helianthoides —“Heliopsis laevis Shadey banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] Aug[ust 30] 1834.” [C/P 813(c)] Pluchea eee (L.) DC._—Conyza camphorata Sandy beach, [Elk Lick], Kent[uck]y river Aug[ust 4.” [C/P 812(r)] Polymnia canadensis L._—*Polymnia canadensis [Hillside, wood] Bank, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] July [19] 1834.” [C/P 799(s)] ee altissima L. f. altissima —“Prenanthes serpentaria Dry ridge, woods, [on road to Cincin- nati, Grant Co.] Sep[tembe]r [28] 1833.” [C/P 685] Prenanthes crepidinea Michx.—*Prenanthes gene Thicket, [fence corner] near Lex[ingto]n Sep[tembe]r [probably August 31] 1833.” [C/P 659] —“Prenanthes crepidinea Thicket, near [Col. Taylor’s], Lex[ingto]n, Aug[ust 30] 1835.” fee 888(f)] [PH Rudbeckia laciniata L.—‘*Rudbeckia laciniata Fence corner, [Fowler’s garden, near] Lex[ingto]n July 1833.” [C/P 618(b)] Rudbeckia triloba L. var. triloba —“Rudbeckia triloba Dry field near Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] July [19] 1834.” [C/P 799(h)] Senecio obovatus Muhl. ex Willd.—“Senecio aureus Banks of Creek, Lex[ingto]n April 1834.” [Also near Rodgers’, April 5, 1834. C/P 724(b)] ao ees L.—*Silphium perfoliatum Alluvial banks, Kent[uck]y river, [EIk Lick] Aug[ust 16] 1834.” [C/P 812(t)] B22 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Solidago altissima L.—*Solidago canadensis R. Peter [writing unfamiliar (R. S.)] [C/P —] [Charles W. hort Herbarium, PH] ss caesia L.—“Solidago axillaris Bank, Kent{uck]y river, [Rodgers’] Oct[ober 16] 1834.” [C/P Ste canadensis L. var. canadensis —*Solidago canadensis Banks, Boonfe]’s Creek, Kent{uck]y er Sep[tembe]r 1834.” [C/P -] ae flexicaulis L.—*“Solidago latifolia Bank, [wood, mouth of Elk Lick], Kent{uck]y river Sep[tembe ]r [20] 1834.” [C/P 816(h)} Solidago ee Ait.—“Solidago elliptica ? [epithet in pencil (R. S.)] From Carrington’s peak-Olym ngs Dr. Peter. C. W. Short, M.D. Lexington, Kentucky Sept[ember] 1835.” [cf. C/P 864 August 10-20 oe ees W. Short Herbarium, PH] Solidago rupestr —"Solidago ruprestris Raf. Rocky banks, Kent[uck]y river, [Rodgers’] Sep|[te ufo an cae icip 817(c)| Solidago se Muhl.—*Solidago ulmifolia ? woods, cliffs, Kentucky river [opposite Elk Lick] g[ust 16] 1834.” [C/P 812(w)] Verbesina occidentalis (L.) Walt.—*Verbesina siegisbeckia Alluvial banks, Kent{uck]y river, [proba- bly near Elk Lick] Sep[tembe]r [20] 1834.” [C/P 817(d)] [Also one specimen in Thomas C. PH] Porter Herbarium, P APPENDIX C BOTANICAL PUBLICATIONS USED BY ROBERT PETER BOOKS This list was compiled from an inventory of Peter’s books found at his home,'*’ from references scattered throughout his notes and correspondence, and from C. W. Short’s Senne Botanica,” on the premise that books known to Short would have been known to Peter also Barton, cee ee Smith. 1812-1814. Elements of botany: or eee of the natural history of vegeta- es, 2 parts. ae published by the au re Williars Peal Crillon. 1817-1818. Vegetable materia aa of the United States; or medical otany: containing a bot a oo and medical history, of medicinal plants indigenous to the United States, 2 vols. Philadelphia: M. Carey & Son. 818. Compendium florae philadelphicae: containing a description of the indigenous and naturalized plants found within a circuit of ten miles around Philadelphia, 2 vols. Philadelphia: M. Carey & Son. . [1820-] 1821-1823 [-1824]. A flora of North America. Mlustrated by coloured figures, drawn from ries Philadelphia, 3 vols. Philadelphia: M. Carey & Son [vol. 1]; H. C. Carey & I. Lea [vols. 2, 3]. Beck, tone Caleb. 1833. Botany of the northern and middle states; or, a description of the plants found in the United States, north of Virginia, mane according to the natural system. With a ee of the genera according to the Linnean system—a sketch of the rudiments of botany, a glossary of terms. Albany: Webster[s] ra Skinners. 820. American medical botany, being a collection of the native medicinal botanical history and chemical analysis, and proper- Boston: Cummings Bigelow. cab: plants of the United States, containing their ties and uses in medicine, diet and the arts, with coloured engravings, 3 vols. sae Hilliard. 1824. Florula bostoniensis. A collection of plants of Boston and its vicinity, with their generic and specific characters, synonyms, descriptions, places of growth, and time of flowering, and oe remarks, second edition greatly enlarged. To which is added a glossary of botanical rms employed in the work. Boston: Hilliard & Metca eee Augustin Pyramus de. [1817] 1818-1821. Regni RO systema naturale, sive ordines, genera, et species plantarum caus methodi naturalis normas digestarum et descriptarum, 2 vols. Paris, ee London: Treuttel et Wiirtz. . 1823 (-1841). Prodromus systematis naturalis regni vegetabilis, sive enumeratio contracta ordinum, generum, specierumque plantarum hucusque cognitarum, juxta methodi naturalis nor- mas digesta. Paris, Strasbourg, London: Treuttel et Wirtz. [7 vols.; entire work 17 vols] 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 523 . 1827. Organographie pani ou description raisonnée des organes des plantes, pour servir a suite et de développement 4 la théorie élémentaire de la botanique, et d’introduction a la physiologie ee et a la description de familles, avec 60 planches et taille-douce, 2 vols. Paris: Détervill Darlington, William. 1826. Florula cestrica; an essay towards a catalogue of the phaenogamous plants, native and naturalized, growing in the vicinity of the Borough of West-Chester, in Chester County, Pennsylvania... West-Chester, Pennsylvania: published by Simeon Siegfried for the author. Delessert, Jules Paul Benjamin. 1820-1846. /cones selectae plantarum quas in systemate universali ex herbariis eae praesertim ex Lessertiano descripsit Augustin Pyramus de Candolle, ° vols. Paris. Eaton, Amos. 1829. Manual of botany for North America: Comprising generic and specific descrip- s of the indigenous plants and common cultivated exotics growing north of the Gulf of siete 5th ed. Albany: Websters and Skinn 1833. Manual of botany for North ae ieoman sing generic and specific descriptions of the indigenous ae and common cultivated exotics growing north of the Gulf of Mexico, 6th ed. Albany: Oliver Ste Eaton, Amos, and John Wright. 1840. North American botany; comprising the native and common cultivated plants north of Mexico: genera arranged according to the artificial and natural methods. [8th ed. of Eaton’s Manual of botany...] Troy: Elias Gates. Eberle, John. 1818. Botanical terminology. Philadelphia: M. Carey & Son ——.. 1822-1823. A treatise ae materia medica and therapeutics, 2 fale 2d ed. 1825; 3d ed. 1830. Philadelphia: James Webs ———. 1825. A treatise of materia ee and therapeutics, 2d ed., 2 vols. Philadelphia: James Webster. . 1830. A treatise of materia medica and therapeutics, 3d ed., 2 vols. Philadelphia: James Webster. . 1836. A treatise of materia medica and therapeutics, 4th ed., 2 vols. Philadelphia: Grigg and Elliott. Elliott, Stephen. 1821-1824. A sketch of the botany of South—Carolina and Georgia, 2 vols. Charleston: J. R. Schenc Gray, Asa. 1834, 1835. North American Gramineae and Cyperaceae, parts | and 2. New York: J. Post. ——. 1836. Elements of botany. New York: G. & C. Carvill & Co Guillemin, Antoine. 1833. Archives de botanique, ou, Recueil mensuel de mémoires originaux, d’extraits et analyses pone anole d’annonces et d’avis divers concernant cette science, 2 vols. Paris : AuB des Archi ome = P. 1826. Notes on ace parts of the state of Ohio. Amer. J. Sci. 10: 319-331, 11: 231-238. : 7. Observations on the climate and productions of Washington County, Ohio. Amer. J. Sci. on Bees sacktiee William fecteort [1829-] 1830-1833. Botanical miscellany; containing figures and descrip- of such plants as recommend themselves by their novelty, rarity, or history, or by the uses to ute they are applied in the arts, in medicine, and in domestic See together with occasional botanical notices and information..., 3 vols. London: John Murray. . 1833-1840. Flora boreali—americana; or, the botany of the northern parts of British America, 2 vols. London: Treuttel & Wiirtz. Kunth, Carl Hee 1829-1844. Révision des graminées publiées dans la Nova genera et species platarum de Humboldt et Bonpland [issued in 44 fascicles]. Paris: Gide fils. Le Bon eee almanach pour l'année 1844. Paris: Librairie agricole de la Maison rustique pees John. 1831. An introduction to the natural system es botany..., with an appendix iby John y, M.D. Ist American ed. New York: G. ary 339. An introduction to botany. London: Longman, a es, Orme, Brown, and Gre Linnaeus, Carl. 1780. “cecal botanica, 2d ed. [revised and emended by Johann testis Gleditsch] Berlin: C. F. Himburg . Systema naturae, sive regna tria naturae systematice proposita per classes, ordines, genera, species... [Doubtless Robert Peter consulted one of the many later editions, but I found no indication which one.] Marshall, Humphry. 1785. Arbustrum americanum: the American grove, or an alphabetical catalogue f forest trees and shrubs, natives of the American United States, arranged according to the Linnaean nee Philadelphia: Joseph Crukshank rank André. 1803. Flora boreali-americana, sistens caracteres plantarum quas in America sep- tentrionall, ie et detexit Andreas Michaux. . . tabulis aeneis 51 ornata, 2 vols. Paris: Levrault. Muhlenberg, Henry. 1813. Catalogus plantarum Americae septentrionalis, huc usque cognitarum indi- genarum et circurum: or A catalogue of the hitherto known native and naturalized plants of North America, arranged according to the sexual system of Linnaeus. Lancaster, Pennsylvania: William Hamilton. 324 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 . 1817. Descriptio uberior graminum et plantarum calamariarum Americae septentrionalis indi- genarum et cicurum. Philadelphia: Solomon W. Conrad Nuttall, Thomas. 1817. Description of Collinsia, a new genus of plants. J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 1(8): 189-192. . 1818. The genera of North ander Plants, and a catalogue of the species, to the year 1817, 2 vols. Philade elphia: printed for the author by D. Heartt Pursh, Frederick Traugott. 1814. Flora pia septentrionalis; or, a systematic arrangement and fone of the plants of North America, 2 vols. London: White, men and Co. atence Constantin Samuel. 1820. Annals of nature or annual synopsis of new genera and species of animals, eae etc. discovered in North America by C. S. ener Lexington: Thomas Smith. : 1828, Medical flora; or, manual of the medical botany of the United States of North America, 2 vols. Philadelphia: Atkinson and Alexander . 1836 [-1838]. New flora and botany of North America, or a supplemental flora, additional to all the botanical works on North America and the United States. Philadelphia: published by the author. Riddell, John Leonard. 1834. Botanical specimens. Particular directions for collecting and preserving specimens of plants, extracted from an unpublished treatise on practical botany. West. J. Med. Phys. Sci. 8: 18-42. 5. A synopsis of the flora of the western states. Cincinnati: E. Deming. Salisbury, William. 1816. The botanist’s companion, 2 vols. London : Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Bro Smith, James Edward. 1814. An introduction to physiological and systematical botany. “First: American, from the second English edition; with notes by Jacob Bigelow, M.D.” Ph hiladelphia: Anthon Finley 1822. A grammar of botany. New York: James V. Seam Torey. John. 1824. A flora of the northern and middle sections on the United States; or, a systematic arrangement and oe of all the plants hitherto discovered in the United States, north of Virginia, 3 vols. New Yor words. . 1826. Compendium e - flora of the northern and middle states containing generic and specific descriptions of all the plants, exclusive of the ale hitherto found in the United States, north of the Potomac. New York: Stacy B. Collin Torrey, John, and Asa Gray. 1838-1843. A flora of North eee 2 vols. New York: Wiley and utnam. White, Gilbert. 1789. The ies history and antiquities of Selborne. London: B. White and Son. Willdenow, Carl Ludwig. 1805. The principles of botany and of vegetable physiology. Translated from the German of D.C. viene Edinburgh: University Press 1809. Enumeratio plantarum horti regii botanici berolinensis. Berlin. JOURNALS C. W. Short wrote,'’! “Numerous detached papers...have been given in separate ee mong the contributors of this miscellaneous matter...may be found the names the Bartons, Bartram, Baldwyn, Cooper, Croom, Curtis, Ape Dewey, the Eatons, Gray, aie ne, Griswold, Gibbes, Houghton, Hossack, James, Leconte, Leavenworth, Loomis, Neuen! Mitchell, Nuttall, Oakes, Pickering, Peter, ee Riddell, Schweinitz, Torrey, Short, “The periodicals of our own country in which botanical communications have been chiefly published, are the aI of the American Philosophical Society—The American Journal o of Science and Arts—The New York Medical A nace aes Journal of the Academy of Natural Sci- es of adel eae Annals of the New-York Lyceum—The Journal of es Boston Society of eee History—The Atlantic pee Westen Review (Lexington, Ky.)—The Western J OUT of Medical and Physical cane (Cincinnati, O.)—The Transylvania Journal of Bia ine, etc. Robert Peter had access to most of these sea 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 325 ENDNOTES 1. At the University of Michigan Herbarium (MICH), accession records from 1930 list 325 Robert Peter specimens (Kaufman 1930). In 1972-78, I was able to locate only 279: 268 from Kentucky, ten from Pittsburgh, and one from New Jersey (an exchange specimen col- lected by R. E. Griffith, Philadelphia). The missing specimens may have been re-identi- fied and placed in other parts of the Her- barium, or have been out on long-term loan. 2. Riley, 1958, p. 3 3. The original Transylvania University under- went several moves, mergers, and separa- tions. Both the present Transylvania Uni- versity and the pee! of Kentucky orig- inated in that s 4 Unless specifically noe otherwise, the follow- ing synopsis of Peter's life is a synthesis of facts derived from: Coker, 1941; Kelley, 1912; Kelley & Burrage, 1928; Meijer, 1973; Meisel, 1967; Peter Papers, 1828-1905, State- ment of Holdings; Peter, 1882; Snow, 1954; Todd & Woody, 1894; Who Was Who 1963; and Wilson & Fiske, 1888. 7. Peter Papers, 1828-1905, Statement of Holdings. 8. Kelley, 1912, p. 268 9. Peter, 1828-1835. 10. J. Bauer, 1976; Renssselaer School Exercises, 8 11. Rensselaer Catalogue, 1828. 12. Nason, 1887, p. 600 13. Wright, 1955, p. 4. 13b. Ibid. 14. Ibid., p. 7. 15. Payne & Anderson, 1962, pp. 155-156. 16. Ibid, 5. 17. Evans Bane s, 72M15, Box 3, Folder 37. 18. Rensselaer Exercises, 1828, pp. 40-43. 20. Wright, 1955, p. 7. 21. Payne & Anderson, 1962, pp. 152-153. 22. Davies, 1945, p. 145. 23. McVaugh, ce 24 Wright, 1955, 25. Wilson ae. 1888, p. 407. 26. Wright, 1955, p. 15 27. Meisel, 1924, p. 222. 28 Peter, 1828, January 23. Letters to Robert Pe- ter, 1820-1854, MSC 13, 1820 folder. 29. Peter, 1828, ian As above. . Amos Eaton, 1829. 31, Economy is now Ambridge, Pennsylvania. 32. Schweinitz, 1831. 33. Gerber, 1927, ee 280-281. 34. See Appendix . Shnabel, 1828 Payne, 1942, p. 89. Durand, 1829, March 8; and Dubarry, 1829, March 8. Durand, 1829, April 2. Evans Papers, 72M15, Box 3. . Shnabel, 1829. . Hitchcock, 1829. Hildreth, 1829. . Gibbons, 1831. 44. Peter, 1905 5. Peter, 1833, April 14. ae ae ye 23-24. . Snow Aapae 3. Baton, fe 1832. 49. Davies, 1945, p. 133. ee) j=) . Peter, ms. . Peter, 182 . Evans Piper ba Box 3, #37. . Davies, 1945, pp. 141-142. 53. Davies, 1945, p. 145. See also Short & Eaton, 1831. Ibid., p. 145. . Ibid, p. 153. . See Appendix A. . Davies, ee p. 147. . Ibid., 145-14 A facsimile eae of these publications is owned by the Herbarium of the University of Michigan . Ibid Bshort 1828, p.9 Peter’ S ene o this name varied: some- rs, at others Rogers. I used . Peter's manuscript “Catalogue of plants..” . Short & Peter, 1834. . Fernald, 1950, p. 1403 6. Peter, ms. CGaalonte. . Ibid., pp. 100 . Ibid., pp. 83-84. . Fernald, 1950, p. 624. . Short & Peter, 1834, . Peter, ms. . Short & Peter, 1834, p. 600 . Gleason, 1952, v. 2, p. 126. 1828-1835, p. 100. 123-124 598. Woqtlacuey 1828-1835, p. 103. Short & Peter, 1834, p. 600. “Catalogue,” 1828-1835, p. 120 See also Peter's “Notice of the Crab Orchard Mineral Springs,” 1835, 8:408-414. . Snow, 1954, p. 2. 78. Wright, 1955, bibliography. . See a pencil-written list, “ Articles in the Farm- er's ae Journal. Evans papers, 72M15, Folder # . Owned es the Special Collections Depart- ment, Transylvania University Library, Lex- ington, Kentucky. 326 81. Peter, 1820-1854. List of mss. letters, in Box 1820-1854, folder marked 1820. 81b. Durand, 1833 82. Peck, 1834. 83. Durand, 1834, August 1. 84. Rafinesque, 1834. 85. Durand, 1834, September 2. 86. Peter, 1835, June 29 87. Van Cleve, 1835, August 18. 88. Peter, 1835, October 11. 89. Peter, 1835, Nov 90. Peter, 1836, January 10. 91. Gray, 1838, July 31. 92. Gray, 1852, eee ibe 93, Willis, 1966 94, Parker, 1835, May 12. 95. I was unable to eain Mr. oe further. 96. Hooker, 1836, Noven 97. Peter, 1837, August a 98. Marshall, 1838, April 21. 99. Now the Galena River, Illinois. 100. Sulphur strontianite, SSrCO3, according to Devin O'Dell, student assistant at the A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum, Michigan Tech- nological ee Houghton, Michigan. 101 Houghton, 1835, Feb. 2. 102. The specimens that Houghton was offering ust have come from one of the two Schoolcraft expeditions to the Indians and to find the source of the Mississippi, as well as from the vicinity of Detroit. The first Michigan Geological Survey was not begun until ae See ae 1970, pp. 214-215, and Voss, 1978, pp. 16-28. 103. Been 1835, ie 104. McHargue, 1928, p. 153; A. M. Peter, 1942. 105. McFarland, 1924. 108. A. M. Pelee is (1877-1940). 108b. Stevens, 19 109. Davies, ee 110. Peter, 1828— 1835 aN labels on specimens in the Herbarium of the Academy of Natu- ral Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. 111. Peter, 1833-1834, labels on specimens in Her- barium of the New York Botanical Garden, Bronx, New York. No additional specimens were reported by Holmgren (1975) or Kal- lunki (1992). 112. Peter, 1834, labels on specimens in the Her- barium of the U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, D.C. CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 112b. At least one of these was verified by Foga- rasi, 1979. 3. During his painstaking research on Dr. Charles W. Short, Dr. Ronald Stuckey cop- ied label data from such Peter specimens as he encountered, and that information has een added to Appendix B. There may well be more of Peter's plants in these herbaria. — — . Bamps, 1993. 115. Kittredge, 2000. 116. Clokie, 1964, p. 223. 117. Hedge & Lamond, 1970, p. 118. 118. Noltie, 1993. See Potamogetan natans in Ap- pendix B, from the Herbarium of the Uni- versity of Glasgow. 119. O'Connor, 2000. 120. Nelson, 1980, was the source for the reference to R. Peter in Vegter, 1983. Nelson wrote, “The inclusion of a collector in this cata- logue aie that at least one specimen collected by that person is in DBN [the Her- barium of the Irish National Botanic Gar- dens, Glasnevin, Dublin]; it does not imply that there is more than one specimen (p. 38).” 121. Fox, 2000 122. Russell, 1992. 123. Vegter, 1983, 124. Guerlesquin, 1992. 125. Thompson, 1992. 126. Danielson, 1992. 127. Coovert, 2000. (The Dayton Museum of Nat- ural History has been renamed the Boon- shoft Museum of Discovery.) 128. Thijsse, 1993. 129. Wilkins, 1993. 130. Sieren, 1992. 131. Landry, 1992. 132. Potvin, 1992. 133. Gunn, 1980. 134. Stuckey, 1992. 135. Stuckey, 1971. 136. Piggott, 1992. 137, Peter; 1836, ieee Ly. 138. Peter, A.M 139. Peter, R., ei ca. 1894, An inventory of his books at Winton (his home in later years). Box 17, Evans Papers. 140. Short, Bibliographia Botanica, 1835. 141. Ibid, pp. 556-557. t 3) 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 327, REFERENCES [Maps consulted are listed at the end of this section] Anonymous. 1837. Dr. oe Lexington Intelligencer, June 20, p. 3, col. 2. Quotation from Pittsburg Advertiser of the 8th in 1890. Dr. Robert ue Kentucky Trades Journal, Hodges and Groom, Lexington, Kentucky, 1(4): 17 (April). Appleton’s cyclopaedia of American biography. 1888. Vol. 4. See Wilson, J. G. Atcher, C. L. (archivist). 1977. University of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington, Kentucky. Letter to R. Alford, April 29. . 1978. Letter to R. Alford, March 1 Bamps, P. (curator). 1993. Jardin eres National de Belgique, Meise, Belgium. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, August 25. Barnhart, J. H. (compiler). 1965. Biographical notes upon botanists, 1903-1941 and maintained in the New York Botanical Garden library, 3 vols. Boston: G. H. Hall & Co. Bauer, K. J. (archivist). 1976. Rensselaer Libraries, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York. Letter to R. Alford, February 26. Bentley, J. R. (secretary). 1976. The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky. Letter to R. Alford, April 29. Britten, J., and G. S. Boulger. 1931. A biographical index of deceased British and Irish Botanists, 2d ed. London: Taylor and Francis. Clark, T. D. 1953. Kentucky. The World Book Encyclopedia, 10: 4131-4142. Chicago: Field Enterprises. Clokie, H. N. 1964. An account of the herbaria oe the Department of Botany in the University of Oxford, p. 223. Oxford: Oxford University Pre Coker, W. C. (editor). 1941. Letters from the siege of Dr. Charles Wilkins Short. J. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Soc. 57(1): 98-168. Collins, L. 1874. History of Kentucky, 2 vols. Louisville: John P. Morton. Collins’ Historical Sketches of Kentucky. 1966. History of Kentucky, vol. 2. Kentucky Historical Society. (1st ed. 1847; 2d ed. 1874). Coovert, H. (museum ae 2000. Boonshoft Museum of Discovery, Dayton, Ohio. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlan Cox, S. (librarian). 1978, ‘Estill County Public Library, Irvine, Kentucky. Letter to R. Alford, March 4. Danielson, B. W. (museum ate. 1992. Cleveland Museum of Natural History, Cleveland, Ohio. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFar Davidson, U. 1950. The original een of pee Pa and vicinity. Unpublished M.A. thesis, University of Kentucky. 46 pp. incl. map. (302994) Davies, P. A. 1945. Charles Wilkins Short, ces ae, and physician. Filson Club Hist. Quart. 19(3): 131-155, 19(4): 208-249. 1953. The status of floristic studies in Kentucky. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 14: 49-58. Dictionary of American medical biography. 1928. See Kelly, H. A., and W. L. Burrage. Dubarry, E. G. 1829. Letter to Robert Peter, in Durand, E., 1829, March 8 (see below). Dudley, T. R. (lead scientist). 1992. Herbarium, U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, D.C. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, July 10 Durand, E. 1829. Letter to Robert Peter, March 8. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Bee onan Lexington, Kentucky] 1829. r to Robert Peter, April 2. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, ae ee ian ngton, Kentucky . 1833. Letter to Robert Peter, August 10. oe by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Tansylveant University, Lexington, Kentuc . 1834. Letter to Robert Peter, August 1. oe by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky 1834. Letter to Robert Peter, September 2. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky Eaton, A. 1829. Letter to Robert Peter, March 9. Mss. letters of R. Peter, 1820-1854. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky] Eaton, H. H. 1832. Letter to Charles W. Short, August 4. [Owned by the Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky] Evans, C. (Peter), and H. Evans, Papers, 1724 (1786-1959) -1968: Statement of holdings. 72M15. 18 boxes, 3 packages. [Owned by the University of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington, Kentucky] Fernald, M. L. 1950. Gray’s manual of botany, 8th ed. New York: American Book Co 328 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Fox, H. F. eg Ae 2000. Irish National Herbarium, Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, April 11. Gerber, A. one 1927. The journey of Lewis David von ee to Goshen, Bartholomew oe in 1831. Indiana Historical Society Publ. 8: ee Gibbons, W. P. 1831. Letter to Robert Peter, April 2 One by the Frances Carrick Thomas tees Transylvania University, Lexington, Ket diucky| Gleason, H. A. 1952. The new Britton and Brown illustrated flora of the ee United States and adjacent Canada, 3 vols. Bronx, New York: The New York Botanical Garden. Gray, A. 1838. Letter to Charles W. Short, July 31. C. W. Short ah | 3, Letterbook. [Owned by the Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky] . 1852. Letter to Charles W. Short, January 17. In “Letters from the collection of Dr. Charles Wilkins ae ed. W. C. Coker. J. Elisha Mitchell Scientific Soc. 57(1): 98-168. 1941. Griswold, H. 834. Letter to Charles Wilkins Short, November 15. C. W. Short Collections, oe letters. [Owned by The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky] Guerlesquin, M. (director). 1992. Laboratoire de Biologie Végetale et de Phytogéographie, Angers, France. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, July 13. Gunn, A. (assistant keeper of ea 1980. Merseyside County Council, County Museums Depart- ment, cues England. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, May 2. Hedge, I. C., and J. M. Lamond. 1970. Index of collectors in the Edinburgh Herbarium, p. Edinbureh: Her Majesty’s Stationery Office. Hildreth, S. P. 1829. Letter to Robert Peter, pen 15. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky Hitchcock, W. A. 1829. Letter to Robert Peter, aes 18. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentuc y] Holmgren, P. K. (director). 1975. New York Botanical Garden Herbarium, Bronx, New York. Letter pod 18. Holmgren, P. K., W. Keuken, and E. K. Schofield. 1981. Index herbariorum, Part I, the herbaria of the world, ce ed. Regnum Veg. 106: 1-452 Holmgren, P. K., N. H. Holmgren, and L. : Barnet, 1990. Index herbariorum, Part 1: the herbaria of the world, 8th ed. Regnum Veg. 120: 1-693, Hooker, W. J. 1836. Letter to Robert oe Nov. 5. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky] Houghton, D. 1835. Letter to Robert Peter, Februar 1835. Letter to Robert Peter, September 5. fon ee owned by the Frances Carrick Phcias Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, ae cky] Johnstone, H. T. 1974. History of Estill County. ?Irvine, Ken cky: Citizens Voice. Kallunki, J. (assistant aieRtor): 1992. New York Gl ae, Herbarium, Bronx, New York. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, June 2 Kauffman, C. H. 1930, Robert Peter’s Slant sent to Douglass Houghton. bares list in the archives of the Herbarium of the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich Be Kelly, H. A. (editor). 1912. A cyclopedia of American medical biography, vol. popialaeseies and London: W. B. Saunders. Kelly, H. A., and W. L. Burrage. 1928. Dictionary of American medical biography. New York and London: D. opleven an : Kentucky Acts. oe Chapt. DCXXXIII (633), Sec. 1, p. 5 Kirtland, J. P. 1835. Letter to Robert Peter, September e [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, pia Kentuc Kittredge, W. (senior curatorial assistant). 2000. Arnold Arboretum and Gray Herbarium, Cam- bridge, eee Letter to R. esa MacFarlane, March 18. Landry, G. P. pe 1992. Herbarium of the University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Louisiana. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, Jul Lanjouw, J., and F. < ee 1964. Index eae Part I: the herbaria of the world, Sth ed. Regnum Veg. 31: Lawrence, G. H. M., A a Buchheim, G. S. Daniels, and H. Dolezal (editors). 1968. Botanico- Re hnanaee Huntanum. Pittsburgh: Hunt Botanical Librar Marshall, T. A. 1838. Letter to Robert Peter, April 21. es as ans Hae 2000. Margaret I. King ae University of Kentucky, Lexing- ntucky. Letter to R. ies ord) MacFarlane, March | eee F. T. 1924. The Dr. Robert Peter herbarium - ihe University of Kentucky. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 1: i. 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER 329 McHargue, J. S. 1928. Dr. Robert Peter. J. Chem. Educ. 5(2): 151-156. McVaugh, R. 1970. Botanical results of the Michigan geological survey under the direction of Dou- glass Houghton, 1837-1840 es Bot. 9(4): 213-243. . 1978. Letter to R. Alford, Mar . 1992. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane June 24. Meijer, W. 1973. Letter to R. Alford, September 25. eae M. 1924 [reprinted 1967]. A hogy of American natural history, the pioneer century, 769-1865, 3 vols. New York: Hafner Publ. Co. vet E. D. 1949. Index Rafinesquianus. ae The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. Merrill, G. P. (editor). 1920. Contributions to a history of American state geological and natural history surveys. Se Institution, U.S. National Museum, Bull. 109. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing O Meyer, F. G., and S. Elsasser. oe The 19th century herbarium of Isaac C. Martindale. Taxon 22(4): 375-404. Nason, H. B. 1887. Biographical record of the officers and fe of the Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1886. Troy, New York: William H. Neal, J. 1977. a ie Shakers. Lexington: The chives Press of Kentucky. Nelson, E. C. 0. A contribution towards a catalogue of collectors in the foreign phanerogam section of a Herbarium, National Botanic Gardens, Glasnevin. Glasra 4: 3-68. Noltie, H. J. (assistant curator). 1993. eee Royal Botanic Garden, Edinburgh, Scotland. Let- ter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, Augus O’Connor, J. P. (botanist). 2000. National eee of Ireland, Dublin. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFar- lane, March 27. Parker, C. S. 1835. Letter to R. Peter, May 12. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky] Payne, V. F. 1942. Letters to Robert Peter. Trans. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 9(3): 88-89. Payne, V. F., and P. Anderson. 1962. Amos Eaton’s contribution to Kentucky, Hezekiah H. Eaton and Robert Peter. Filson Club History Quarterly 36: 151-157. Peattie, D. C. 1936. Green laurels. New York: Simon and Schuster Peck, C. 1834. Letter to R. Peter, March 9. [Owned by the Prances Carrick Thomas Library, Transyl- vania University, Lexington, Kentucky Peter, A. M. 1942. Notes on the localities mentioned in Robert Peter’s catalogue of Kentucky plants, pp. 57-163, 164-165. [Owned by the Sane of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington, Kentucky] . 1992. Labels on specimens (1877-1940) in the ath of the Department of Agronomy, Gallege of Agriculture, University of ante Lexing Peter, R. 1820-1854. List of mss. letters in box 1820- oa ae marked ae ae by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Ken . 1828. Letter to James R. Lambdin, January 23. MSC 13, Mss. letters, a 1820- 1854, folder Perea 1820. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexing- ton, Kentucky] . 1828. Letter to James R. Lambdin, February 9. Letter No. 11, box 1820-1854, folder marked 1820. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky] ———. 1828-1835. Catalogue of plants about Pittsburg seas catalogue of plants of Ken- tucky. 1833 to 1835. Ms. [Owned by the University of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington, Kentucky] . 1828-1835. Labels on specimens in the University of Vinee Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan. . 1828-1835 (1838). Labels on specimens in the Herbarium of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, Pennsylva 1833. Commonplace Gar MSC 13, Box 2, 12509. Robert Peter ee Special Collections a eas of the Transylvania University Library, Lexington, Ken Letter to James Lambdin, April 14. [Owned by the ae ak Thomas Library, me aes University, Lexington, Kentucky] 1833-1834. Labels on specimens in the Herbarium of the New York Botanical Garden, oe New Yor 834. Handwritten notes on Dr. Short’s lectures, January 22. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, Kentucky 834. oars on specimens in the Herbarium of the U.S. National Arboretum, Washington, D.C. . 1835. er to Samuel George Morton, M.D. (corresponding secretary of the Academy of Netra ce ae Philadelphia), June 29. Colin. #567, Phillips, p. 278. [Owned by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] 330 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 . 1835. Letter to John Van Cleve, October 11. [Owned by the Van Cleve section of the Dayton Public Library, Dayton, Ohio] 835. Letter to John Van Cleve, November 5. [Owned by the Van Cleve section of the cae Public Library, Dayton, Ohio ———.. 1835. Notice of the Crab Orchard mineral springs. Trans. J. Medical & Assoc. Sci. 8: 408-414. . 1836. Letter to John Van Cleve, January 10. [Owned by the Van Cleve section of the Dayton Public Library, Dayton, Ohio} ———. 1836. Letter to W. J. Hooker, October 17. [Owned by the Royal Botanical Gardens, Kew, England] ———. 1837. Letter to Elias Durand, August 11. Coll. #364, Phillips, p.184, ANSP Libr., Philadel- pia [Owned by the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania] 874. ee formations of Kentucky. In History of Kentucky by L. Collins and R. H. ie 1: 372-3 [2] Kentucky. yee Geological Survey under the Direction of David Dale Owen, 1854-1860. U.S. National Museum Bulletin 109:100-124. . 1881. Observations on the Blue-Grass Region of Kentucky. MSC 13. [Owned by the Univer- sity of Kentucky a Lexington, Kentucky] [Published in History of Fayette Co., Kentucky by W. H. Perrin, . 1882. History Fes County, Kentucky. Chicago: O. L. Baskin & Co. . ca. 1894. An inventory of Peter’s books at Winton, listed shelf by shelf. 1905. The history of the medical department of Transylvania University. Filson Club Publ. No. 20, Louisville: John P. Morton & Co. Peter, R., J. H. Talbott, and A. M. 1884. Geological Survey of Kentucky. Chemical analyses, A. First, second, and third chemical ee a the chemical analyses of the hemp and buckwheat plants. Frankfort, Kentucky: Yeoma Peter Papers. 1828 (1854) —1905. 7M ei V. “339 pieces. [Owned by the University of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington, Kentucky] Piggott, C. (archivist). 1992. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFar- ane, August 11. Potvin, M. A. (curator). 1992. Herbarium, West Chester University, West Chester, Pennsylvania. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, September [8 Rafinesque, C. S. 1834. Letter to Charles Wilkins ee May 5. Short botanical correspondence, v. 1. [Owned by The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentuc Rensselaer School Exercises. 1828. Rensselaer School, Troy, New York. pp. 30-46. ee bee pent catalogue of the officers and members. 1828. Francis Adancourt: Troy, ers : - 1914. History of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, 1824-1914. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Riley, H. P. 1958. Labeling herbarium specimens. Plant Science Bulletin 4(2): 3-4 Robins, V. 1912. Robert Peter. In A ee American medical biography a H. A. Kelley, vol. 2. Philadelphia and London: W. B. Sau Russell, G. F. (curator). 1992. U.S. ee ie Natural History, Washington, D.C. Letter to R. (Alford) ce nope July 9. Schweinitz, L. D. von. 1831. Letter to John Torrey, September 8. [Owned by the Historical Society of Pe ee Philadelphia Shnabel, G. - Letter to Robert Peter, June 8. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transsani era dee Lexington, Kentucky 1829 er to Robert Peter, July 29. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Tra Se He Lexington, Kentuck Short, Charles Wilkins. Botanical correspondence, vol. 1. June, 1815, to November, 1834. [Owned by The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky] . Botanical correspondence, vol. 2. January, 1837, to April, 1841, and table of contents. [Owned by The 7 son Club, Louisville, Kentucky] . 1828. Prodromus ee Lexingtoniensis, secundum florendi aetatem digestac. Trans. J. Medical: fan Sci. 1(1): 92-99 1828. Florula Lexingtoniensis, secundum florendi aetatem digestae—or A descriptive cata- logue of the eae ani plants indigenous to this portion of Kentucky, arranged in the order - their periods of flowering. iaiaees I [For February, March and part of April]. Trans. J. edical Assoc. Sci. 1(2): 250-25 : eee Fasciculus IT [For poet Trans. J. Medical Assoc. Sci. 1(3): 407-422. 2001 MACFARLANE: ROBERT PETER Soul . 1828. Fasiculus III [For the last of April and first of May]. Trans. J. Medical Assoc. Sci. 1(4): 560-575. ———. 1829. Fasciculus IV [From the first to the middle of May]. Trans. J. Medical Assoc. Sci. 2(3): 438-453 ; —___—.. 1833-1838. Plants collected, preserved and distributed between 1833 and 1838. MS. pp. 1-8. [Owned by The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentuc ky . 1835. Bibliographia botanica. A notice ae some of the more recent works on American a Trans. J. Medical Assoc. Sci. 8(4): 553- ae, 7. A third a aiiaiaa| catalogue of Rane of Kentucky. Trans. J. Medical Assoc. a nee 435-4 ———.. 1840. A a supplementary catalogue of the plants of Kentucky. Western J. Med. Surg. 2: ___——.. 1845. Letter to Prof. Drake, Medical Institute of Louisville, Feb. Western J. Med. Surg. 3(3): 1-14. Short, C. W., and H. H. Eaton. 1831. Notices of western botany and conchology. Trans. J. Medical Assoc. Sci. 4(1): 69-82. Short, [C. W.], [R.] Peter, and [H. A.] Griswold. 1833. A catalogue of the native phaenogamous plants and ferns of Kentucky. Trans. J. Medical Assoc. Sci. 6(2): 490-501. [Facsimile edition owned by the University of Michigan Herbarium, Ann Arbor, Michigan] Short, ae W.], and [R.] Peter. 1834. A supplementary catalogue of the plants of Kentucky. Trans. J. edical Assoc. Sci. 7(4): 598-600. 1835. A ae supplementary catalogue of the plants of Kentucky. Trans. J. Medical Assoc. Sl. 8(4): 575- Sieren, D. J. (director Ba curator). 1992. Herbarium, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, North Carolina. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane. Snow, C. E. 1954. Doctor Robert Peter, Jr. Unpublished manuscript; 72M15, Bx. 1, Folder 1. [Owned the University of Kentucky Libraries, Lexington, Kentucky] Stafleu, F. A., and R. S. Cowan. 1976. Taxonomic Literature, ed. 2, vol. 1: A-G. Regnum Veg. 94: 1-1136. . 1979. Taxonomic Literature, ed. 2, vol. 2: H-Le. Regnum Veg. 98: 1-991. . 1981. Taxonomic Literature, ed. 2, vol. 3: Lh-O. Regnum Veg. 105: 1-980. . 1983. Taxonomic Literature, ed. 2, vol. 4: P-Sak. Regnum Veg. 110: 1-1214. . 1985. T c Literature, ed. 2, vol. 5: Sal-Ste. Regnum Veg. 112: 1-1066. . 1986. ete Literature, ed. 2, vol. 6: Sti-Vuy. Regnum Veg. 115: 1-926. 988. Taxonomic Literature, ed. 2, vol. 7: W-Z. Regnum Veg. 116: 1-653 Stevens, P. F. 1984 [1985] Arnold Arboretum and Gray Herbarium of Harvard University, Cam- bri ae Massachusetts. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, February 14. Stuckey, R. L. 1966. Daniel Steinhauer, early Ohio plant collector, and his correspondence with the ean: ene Bartonia 36: 1-24. 1966. The ae pursuits of John Samples, pioneer Ohio plant collector (1836-1840). Ohio J. Sci. 66(1): —_——. 1971. The first Si auction of an American herbarium ee an account of the fate of the Baldwin, Collins, and Rafinesque herbaria. Taxon 20(4): 4 —_——., 1974. Letter to R. Alford, May 3, containing data concerning eae localities of R. Peter in anos ca. 1974. Bibliography of selected references concerning botanical development and explora- tion in eastern North America, ca. 1800-1880. Botany Program and Herbarium, The Ohio State University, Columbus. Ohio. 7 pp. ———. 1976-1977. Scientific contributions of Amos Eaton’s son, Hezekiah Hulbert Eaton. Bartonia 45: 37-48. ——. 1978. Medical ae in the Ohio Valley (1800-1850). Trans. & Studies Coll. Physicians Philadelphia 45(5): 2 8. Scientific ian of Charles Wilkins Short. New York: Arno Pre ee Opinions of Rafinesque expressed by his American botanical Been Bartonia 52: 26-41. 1992. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, May 28. Thijse G. (collections apne 1993. Rijksherbarium, Leiden, The Netherlands. Letter to R. (Al- rd) MacFarlane, August 7 ee J. (director). 1979. eo Kentucky. Personal communication with R. Alford (Mac- Farlane), January 6. Thomas, S. W., and M. L. Young. 1975. The development of Shakertown at Pleasant Hill, Kentucky. Filson Club History Quarterly 49(3): 231-255. S37 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Thompson, S. (collections manager). 1992. Herbarium, ee Museum of Natural History, Pitts- burgh, ps ace Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlan Todd, L. B., and S. E. Woody. 1894. Professor Robert on M.D. Trans. Kentucky State Medical .. new ser., 3: 276-279. oo J. 1838. Letter to Charles W. Short, July 31. Charles W. Short Papers, A S 559 84. [Owned by The Filson Club, Louisville, Kentucky] Torrey, J.,and A. Gray. 1838-40. A flora of North ie v. 1. New York: Wiley and Putnam. Van Cleve, J. W. 1835. Letter to ee eter, August 18. [Owned by the Frances Carrick Thomas Library, Transylvania University, Lexington, oe - y| Vegter, I. H. 1983. ae eerie part II(5). Collectors, N-R. Regnum Veg. 109: 1-803. Verhoeff, M. 1917. The Kentucky River navigation. Louisville: John P. Morton and Co. Voss, E. 2 1978. Botanical beachcombers and explorers: pioneers of the 19th Century in the Upper eat Lakes. Contrib. Univ. Michigan Herb. 13: 1-100. Who Was ie in America. 1963. Historical volume, 1607— 1896. ny 407, 414. [A component volume of Who's Who in American History] Chicago: A. N. Marqui Wilkins, M. P. (honorary curator). 1993. Glasgow University reba: Glasgow, Scotland. Letter to R. (Alford) MacFarlane, August 30. Willis, J. C. 1966. A rca aes of the Neale plants and ferns, 7th ed., rev. by H. K. Airy Shaw. Cambridge: Cambridge University Pre Wilson, J. G., and J. Fiske See 1888. cee s cyclopaedia of American biography, vol. 4: 740. New York: D. Appleton Wreck, D. L. (genealogist). ae as County Historical Society, Kenton County Public Library, Covington, Kentucky. Letter to R. Alford. Wright, J. D., Jr. 1955. Robert Peter and early science in Kentucky. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. University Microfilms, Ann Arbor, Michigan. 322 pp. . 1978. Letter to R. Alford, March 9. MAPS CONSULTED American Automobile Association, Washington, D.C. Blue grass horse farms, 1972-73 Cincinnati and vicinity, 1972-73 Jefferson County, Kentucky, 1975-76. Kentucky and Tennessee, 1974-75 Lexington and environs, 1972-73. Louisville and environs, 1975-76 Street map of Cincinnati, 1972-73 Kentucky. Official highway and parkway map. 1973. Frankfort, Kentucky: Office of the Governor. Munsell, Luke. 1818. A map of the state ae Kentucky from actual survey also part of Indiana and Illinois. Frankfort, Kentucky: Luke Munsell. Tanner, H. S. 1833. New map of ae) ser its roads and distances from ae to place along the stage and steam boat routes, A. In Tanner's Universal Atlas. Philadelphia: H. S. Tanner. . 1846. A new universal atlas, ... Philadelphia: S. Augustus Mitchell. U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey. Index to topographic maps of Kentucky, Novem- ber, 1973. Quadrangles: Bighill, 1952. Lexington West, 1965-1971. Clay City, 1966. Little Hickman, 1952. Coletown, 1965. Louisville East, 1975-76. Cowan, 1952. Olympia, 1953. Crab Orchard, 1952. Palmer, 1952 Ford, 1965. Paris East, 1952. Frankfort East, 1953-70 Paris West, 1954 Georgetown, 1965 Irvine, 1952. Lexington East, 1965-1971. Richmond Maree. 1965. Versailles, 1965. Willimsiown: 1961. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 333-337. 2001. ADDITIONS TO THE CAREX LURIDA GROUP (CYPERACEAE) IN MEXICO, INCLUDING A NEW SPECIES FROM CHIAPAS A. A. Reznicek University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 M. S. Gonzalez-Elizondo CIIDIR, IPN Apartado Postal 738 Durango, Durango, 34000, Mexico Apstract. Carex longiligula is described from Chiapas, Mexico, as a new species in the C lurida group. It differs from C. durangensis, the species most similar to it, in having much longer ligules on the main stem leaves, conspicuously ciliate pistillate and staminate scale bodies, narrower perigynia, and narrower achenes. The description of C. durangensis, compiled only from the holo- type, is expanded based on several recent collections, and C. lurida is reported as new to the Flora Mesoamericana region based on a collection from Chiapas. The Carex lurida group (section Vesicariae), as recently revised by Reznicek and Gonzdlez-Elizondo (1995), had six species: two in eastern North America, C. baileyi Britton and C. lurida Wahlenb., with C. /urida also occurring in Mexico, the Caribbean, and northern South America; two endemic species in Mexico, C. durangensis Reznicek & S. Gonzalez and C. rzedowskii Reznicek & S. Gonzalez; and two endemic species in Andean South America, C. luridiformis Mack. ex Reznicek & S. Gonzalez and C. setigluma Reznicek & S. Gonzalez. Recent field work in Chiapas and Durango has greatly expanded our knowledge of the Carex lurida group in Mexico and included the discovery in Chiapas of a new species, similar to C. durangensis in general aspect. The new species is described below as C. longiligula. In addition, C. durangensis, described only from the holotype, has now been found at several additional localities in Durango. An amplified descrip- tion is included to reflect new information provided by these discoveries. As well, C. lurida, known previously in Mexico only from a few sites on the Caribbean slope in Hidalgo and Veracruz, was discovered in Chiapas, a significant range extension and an addition to the Flora Mesoamericana region. Carex longiligula Reznicek & S. Gonzalez, sp. nov.—T ype: Mexico. Chiapas: Mpio. Tenejapa, along the road to Matzam, 2.3 km from the jct. with the San Cristébal de las Casas-Tenejapa road, 16°46'S1"N, 92°32'01"W, 11 Jul 1997, S. Gonzdlez & A. A. Reznicek 10506, M. Gonzalez, M. Pinedo (holo- type: MICH!:; isotypes to be distributed). Plantae cespitosae, rhizoma lignosum; culmi fertiles 35-68 cm alti; vaginae basales atropurpurae, glabrae. Folia 4~7, laminae 9-60 cm longae, 5-8 mm latae, folia superiora culmo longiora; vaginae glabrae, ventraliter albido- vel pallido- brunneae; ligulae foliorum principalium 25-38 mm longae. Inflorescentiae (5—) 7-17 333 334 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 cm longae, spicae (3—-) 4-5; bracteae infimae laminis 8-36 cm longis, 2.8-5 mm latis; spica terminalis omnino staminata, (2.8-) 3.8-4.9 cm longa, 3.1-4 mm lata, pedunculo 2-8 mm longo; spicae laterales (2-) 3-4, pistillatae, (2-) 3-4.3 cm lon- gae, 8-12 mm latae, floribus (80—) 150-320 dense imbricatis. Squamae staminatae 5.3-11.3 (-25.4) mm longae, corporibus 3.55.6 mm longis, 1-1.5 (-1.7) mm latis, ciliatis, aristatae, aristis (0.4) 1.1-7.8 (-22) mm longis. Squamae pistillatae 2.8— 10.4 mm longae, corporibus 1.8-3 mm longis, 0.8—1.4 mm latis, ciliatis, aristatae, aristis 0.8-7.8 mm longis. Perigynia 4.7-5.4 mm longa, 1.7-1.9 mm lata, inflata, glabra, corporibus biconvexis vel suborbiculatis in rostrum (1.8-) 2.1-2.5 (—2.8) mm longum contracta. Achenia ca. 2-2.4 mm longa, 0.81.1 mm lata, trigona. Styli persistentes; stigmata 3. Antherae 3, ca. 1.3-2.1 mm longae. Cespitose from stout, woody rhizomes up to 6 mm wide, the rhizomes ca. 0.8— 3.5 cm long between shoots; fertile culms 35-68 cm tall, erect, trigonous, promi- nently angled, almost winged, antrorsely scabrous, I-1.5 mm wide immediately below the inflorescence; bladeless basal sheaths dark purple, somewhat fibrillous with age. Leaves 4-7, distributed over the lower 4/5 of the culm: blades 9-60 cm long, 5-8 mm wide, the uppermost surpassing the inflorescence, flat to condupli- cate, the margins and midrib antrorsely scabrous distally; leaf sheaths glabrous, dorsally septate-nodulose, ventrally whitish or pale brown, somewhat hyaline dis- tally, thin, concave at the apex; ligules (0.8-) 15-38 mm long, those of the lower leaves and vegetative shoot leaves 25-38 mm long, long-acute, the free portion brownish, 0.2-0.4 mm wide. Inflorescences (S—) 7-17 cm long, 2-3.8 cm wide, with (3-) 4-5 spikes, the terminal staminate, laterals pistillate or rarely one or two with a few staminate flowers at the apex; pistillate spikes approximate or the lower separated by up to 12.5 cm, erect, nearly sessile or the lowermost on a peduncle up to 2.9 cm long; lowermost 1-3 bracts foliaceous, 8-36 cm long, 2.8-5 mm wide, antrorsely scabrous along the margin and midvein or distally on all the veins, proximally slightly septate-nodulose, sheathless or with a short sheath up to 17 mm long, the upper bracts reduced. Staminate spike (2.8-) 3.8-4.9 cm long, 3.14 mm wide, linear-cylindric, on a smooth peduncle 2-8 mm long. Pistillate spikes (2-) 3-4.3 cm long, 8-12 mm wide, cylindric, densely flowered with about (80—) 150-320 ascending-spreading perigynia in several to many rows. Staminate scales 5.3-11.3 (-25.5) mm long, the body 3.5-5.6 mm long, 1-1.5 (—1.7) mm wide, oblan- ceolate to linear-oblong, stramineous to brownish or purple with a green, 3-nerved center, margins ciliate in the upper 1/3-1/2, acute, the midrib prolonged into a rough awn (0.4—) 1.1-7.8 (-22) mm long, the awn (0.1—) 0.3-6.5 times as long as the body. Pistillate scales 2.8-10.4 mm long, the body 1.8-3 mm long, 0.8-1.4 mm wide, ovate to oblong, stramineous to purple-red with a green, 3-nerved center, margins ciliate in the upper 1/3-1/2, acute, the midrib prolonged into a rough awn 0.87.8 mm long, the awn 0.7-2.7 times as long as the body. Perigynia 4.7-5.4 mm long, 1.7-1.9 mm wide, inflated, biconvex to suborbicular in cross section, cellular- membranaceous, glabrous, greenish to pale brown or dark purple, shiny, 6—10- nerved with 2 (-3) nerves more or less evident and extending into the beak, the rest faint, sessile or short-pedicellate, contracted into a beak: beak (1.8—) 2.1-2.5 (-2.8) mm long, ca. 0.6-0.8 (-1) times as long as the body, smooth, cylindrical, slender, green to stramineous or purple-tinged, the apex bidentate with erect teeth 0.4-0.7 mm long. Achenes 2-2.4 mm long, 0.8-1.1 mm wide. trigonous with convex sides above, narrowly obovoid to ellipsoid, often with one angle curved to indented, papillose, pale yellowish brown, stipitate, at the apex tapering and con- tinuous into the persistent, contorted style; stigmas 3. Anthers 3, ca. 1.32.1 mm long. 2001 REZNICEK & GONZALEZ: CAREX LURIDA B35 Carex longiligula is known only from the type locality in Chiapas, where it was rare in several large, wide patches in openings and at the edges of a Schoeno- plectus californicus marsh along a small, clear stream at 2400 m. This species is similar to C. durangensis in its wide leaves and general aspect and would key to it, admittedly somewhat imperfectly because of its narrower achenes, in Reznicek and Gonzalez (1995); however, it is a leafier, somewhat more slender plant forming looser, wider clumps. It differs most strikingly in its longer ligules (25-38 mm on the main stem leaves versus 12-22 mm), longer staminate scale awns [(0.4—) 1.1-7.8 (-22) mm versus 0.2-1.5 (—S.4) mm], pistillate and staminate scales ciliate on the upper 1/3-1/2 of the body versus erose-ciliate only near the base of the awn, narrower perigynia [1.7-1.9 mm versus (1.7—) 1.9- 2.2 mm], and narrower achenes (0.8-1.1 mm versus 1.1-1.4 mm). Additional dif- ferences are provided in Table 1. The relatively narrow, indented achenes also might suggest a relationship with the South American species of this group, especially C. setigluma, with smaller perigynia and long-awned scales; however, the ciliate scale bodies and extremely long ligules of C. /ongiligula are both unique within the C. /urida group. Carex longiligula also differs from C. setigluma in having longer pistillate scale bodies, 1.8-3 mm long and clearly visible in the spike, and wider achenes, 0.8-1.1 mm wide. Carex setigluma has pistillate scales with tiny bodies 1.1—1.7 mm long, which are totally concealed in the spikes by the perigynium bodies, leaving only the awns visible, and narrower achenes, 0.6-0.8 mm wide. Carex luridiformis differs additionally in having large perigynium bodies, with the beaks less than half the length of the bodies (beak/body ratio 0.40.5); C. longiligula has proportionately much shorter bodies [beak/body ratio 0.6-0.8 (-1)]. Carex durangensis Reznicek & S. Gonzalez, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 20: 220. 1995.—Typr: Mexico. Durango: 7 mi SW of El Salto, 11 Jul 1970, Fitzner 262 (holotype: MSC!). Cespitose from stout, woody rhizomes up to 6 mm wide, the rhizomes ca. 0.3- 2.5 mm long between shoots; fertile culms 24-65 cm tall, erect, trigonous, promi- nently angled, smooth or antrorsely scabrous, (1.2—) 1.5-1.8 mm wide immediately below the inflorescence; bladeless basal sheaths brown with purple tingeing to red-purple, somewhat fibrillous with age. Leaves 4-7, mostly on the lower 2/3 of the culm; blades 5-25 (-31) cm long, 5-10 mm wide, the uppermost surpassing the inflorescence, flat, the margins and midrib antrorsely scabrous distally; leaf sheaths glabrous, very slightly septate-nodulose dorsally, whitish or pale brown, some- what hyaline at the upper part ventrally, thin, truncate or slightly concave or convex at the apex; ligules (6-) 12-22 mm long, acute, the free portion brownish, 0.2-0.4 mm wide. Inflorescences (2.8-) 5-11 cm long, 2-3.5 cm wide, with 3-4 (—5) spikes, terminal staminate, lateral pistillate or rarely one with a few staminate flowers at the apex; pistillate spikes approximate or the lower separate, erect, nearly sessile or the lowermost on a peduncle up to 2 cm long; lowermost 1-3 bracts foliaceous, 10-26 cm long, 4.4-8.4 mm wide, antrorsely scabrous along the margin and midvein or distally on all the veins, sheathless or with a short sheath up to 15 (-45) mm long, the upper bracts reduced. Staminate spike 1.2-4.8 cm long, (1.9-) 3.1-4 mm wide, linear-cylindric, on a smooth peduncle 2-8 mm long. Pistillate spikes 2.2-4.3 cm long, 9-11 mm wide, cylindric, densely flowered with about 170-300 ascending-spreading perigynia in several to many rows. Staminate 336 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 TABLE |. Contrasting characters of Carex durangensis and C. longiligula. CHARACTER C. durangensis C. longiligula Culm angles acute almost winged Leaf blade length (fertile 5-25 (-31) 9-60 ulms) (cm) Ligule length of lower stem 1222 25-38 leaves (mm) Inflorescence length (cm) (2.8—) 5-11 (S—) 7-17 Spike number 34 (-5) (3-) 4-5 Lowermost bract width (mm) 4.4-8.4 2.8-5 Staminate scale width (mm) 1.4—2 1—1.5 (-1.7) Staminate scale awn length 0255 2645 CME mas By ee (mm) Staminate scale awn/body 0.05-0.4 (0.1-) 0.3-6 length ratio Pistillate scale width (mm) 1.2—1.6 0.8-1.4 ee Pinger entire except at base of awn, ciliate along upper 1/3—1/2 of Scale body margin where erose-ciliate the body Perigynium width (mm) (1.7—) 1.9-2.2 1.7-1.9 Perigynium beak length (mm) 1.7—2.3 (1.8—) 2.1—2.5 (—2.8) Beak/body length ratio 0.5—0.7 0.6—-0.8 (—1) Achene width (mm) 1.1-1.4 O.8—-1.1 narrowly obovoid to ellipsoid, Achene shape obovoid, not indented F usually indented on one angle scales 4.3—5.8 (—9.4) mm long, the body 3.5—5 mm long, 1.4-2 mm wide, obovate to oblanceolate, brownish to purple with a green, 3-nerved center, erose-ciliate api- cally or at the base of the awn, acute or the midrib prolonged into a rough awn 0).2-1.5 (5.4) mm long, the awn 0.05-0.4 (-1.1) times as long as the body. Pistil- late scales 2.8-7 mm long, the body 1.7-2.5 mm long, 1.2-1.6 mm wide, ovate to oblong, whitish to purple-red with a green, 3-nerved center, the upper margin ciliate, truncate to acute, the midrib prolonged into a rough awn 1.1-5.5 mm long, the awn 0.7-2.5 times as long as the body. Perigynia ca. 4.5-5.5 mm long, (1.7-) 1.9-2.2 mm wide, inflated, biconvex to suborbicular in cross section, cellular- membranaceous, glabrous, greenish to brown or reddish brown, somewhat shiny, 6—-10-nerved with 2 nerves more or less prominent and extending into the beak and the rest very faint, sessile or short-pedicellate, contracted into a beak: beak 1.7-2.3 mm long, ca. 0.5-0.7 times as long as the body, smooth, cylindrical, slen- der, green to stramineous, the apex sometimes purple, obliquely cut or bidentate with erect teeth 0.1-0.7 mm long. Achenes 2.1-2.4 mm long, 1.1-1.4 mm wide, trigonous with convex sides above, obovoid, papillose, whitish to yellowish brown, stipitate, at the apex tapering and continuous into the persistent, contorted style; stigmas 3. Anthers 3, ca. 1.6-2.3 mm long. The holotype of C. durangensis proved to be a large, but relatively typical individual. The emended description provides adequate ranges for many features based on several ample recent collections. This quite local species of specialized habitats is now known from a few localities in Durango at 2500-2700 m, in wet 2001 REZNICEK & GONZALEZ: CAREX LURIDA Boy) meadows and especially along moist banks of streams. Carex durangensis is uncom- mon in such habitats, but often widespread in small patches. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Mexico. DurANGo: Mpio. Canelas, Las Cebollitas, 2460 m, bosque mixto de coniferas, presencia de Abies, Pinus, Picea, Cupressus y Pseudotsuga, 1 Aug 1990, A. Benitez 1720 (IEB); 10 km SW of El Salto, 1 km NE of Lecheria (ca. Km 110 on Hwy 40), 2620 m, 23°45'36"N, 105°26'19" W, wet meadow dominated by Carex, Juncus, eee aris, etc., in flat-bot- tomed valley of small stream, 17 Jul 1996. S. Gonzdlez & A. A. Reznicek 10307 (CITDIR, IEB, MICH, MEXU); Mpio. Pueblo Nuevo, ca. 3.4 km S of El Salto, alone road to Santa Barbara, 2560 m, 23°44'56"N, 105°23'05"W, stream bank with Eleocharis, Juncus, and Senecio pene in flat- bottomed valley in open Pinus Pee forest, 24 Jun , 3. Gonzalez & . Reznicek 11148 (CHDIR, MICH); Mpio. Pueblo Nuevo, ca. 2.5 km S of El Salto, along road t ae nta Barbara, 2550 m, 23°45'14"N, 105°22'50"W, sary stream bank with Senecio billieturneri, Scirpus microcarpus, Sparganium, Juncus, and Carex in flat-bottomed valley in open Pinus cooperi forest, 24 Jun 2000, S. Gonzalez & A. A. Reznicek ee (CIIDIR, MICH). Carex lurida Wahlenb., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 153. 1803.—Type: “America septentrionali,” Hultgren s.n. (holotype: not located). The collection cited below represents the first record of this species from southern Mexico and from the Flora Mesoamericana region (Chater 1994). Carex lurida grew in a depressional marsh dominated by Juncus, Carex, Typha, and Osmunda regalis. The species was abundant at this site, in fact one of the main dominants, but was not seen in similar habitats in the general vicinity. SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Mexico. Cuiapas: along road between San Andrés Larrainzar and Puerto Cato, 2060 m, 16°53'15"N, 92°43'35"W, 12 Jul 1997, S. Gonzdlez & A. A. Reznicek 10510 (CIIDIR, IEB, MICH). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to the curators of the herbaria from which we examined specimens for our study of the Carex lurida group, including BH, CIIDIR, ENCB, F, GH, IEB, MEXU, MICH, MO, MSC, NY, H. SD, US, and VDB. We thank Peter Ball for his helpful comments on the manuscript. S$. Gonzalez thanks CGPI, COFAA, and EDI, of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, for support for research. LITERATURE CITED Chater, A. O. 1994. Carex. In Flora Mesoamericana, vol. 6, ed. G. Davidse, M. Sousa S., and Chater. Mexico City: Universidad Nacional Aut6noma de México; St. Louis: Missouri Botanical Garden; London: The Natural History ee (London). Reznicek, A. A., and M. §S. Gonzalez-Elizondo. 1995. The Carex lurida group (Cyperaceae) in the Neotropics. Contrib. Univ. Michigan Herb. 20: 217-230. es a oe 5 _—_ — =p So see fee ‘a _ Sie ee ee | : ~“ “se” 7 a nn a OS ee - a ae ene Se i : e a eee ca ie i ; 7 7 7 - 7 i ae -- a 7 -_ - 7 : 7 7 a =a -_ a .) es = 3 - 7 a) Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 339-348. 2001. CAREX SECTION POROCYSTIS (CYPERACEAE) IN MEXICO AND CENTRAL AMERICA A. A. Reznicek University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 M. S. Gonzalez-Elizondo CIHIDIR, IPN Apartado Postal 738 Durango, Durango 34000, Mexico Apstracr. Carex section Porocystis is a small, mostly New World section. Two species have long been known from Mexico and Guatemala; one, C. complanata, disjunct from the southeastern United States, and another, C. boliviensis, disjunct from Andean South America. Study of numerous recent collections disclosed that C. complanata in Mexico and Guatemala is represented by an endemic subspecies, subsp. tropicalis, differing from temperate North American subsp. complanata in its broader pistillate and staminate scales, and generally shorter awned pistillate scales. Carex boliviensis is represented in Mexico by two geographically separated subspecies: subsp. boliviensis of the Transvol- canic Belt and the Eastern Cordillera in central Mexico, and the more northern and western subsp. occidentalis. The latter is larger than subsp. boliviensis, has longer inflorescences, and especially longer terminal spikes with longer staminate portions. Carex eee a localized endemic with blunt, broad, pistillate scales, short achenes, and narrow spikes is newly described. It occurs in subalpine habitats in the state of Oaxaca and is related to C. ae ee INTRODUCTION Carex sect. Porocystis Dumort. (subg. Carex) is a small, primarily North Amer- ican section of loosely to densely cespitose, small species, with the sheaths and sometimes also the leaves, culms, and perigynia pubescent. The inflorescences have essentially sheathless bracts, leaf-like or not, and densely flowered spikes with the terminal spike usually gynaecandrous or uncommonly staminate. The perigynia are beakless or very short-beaked with an essentially entire orifice. Eight species, C. bushii, C. caroliniana, C. complanata, C. hirsutella, C. pallescens, C. swanii, C. torreyi, and C. virescens, occur in North America, north of Mexico. One of these, C. pallescens, also occurs in Eurasia. Two species, C. boliviensis and C. tovarensis, occur in South America (Reznicek & Wheeler 1993). Since Hermann’s (1974) study of Carex in Mexico and Central America, a great deal of new material has accumulated, enough to allow a thorough systematic analysis of sect. Porocystis as it occurs in Mexico. Hermann recognized two Mexi- can species in sect. Porocystis (under sect. Virescentes). The primarily South Amer- ican C. boliviensis was recorded from Durango, Guerrero, Puebla, and the Valley of Mexico. The southeastern North American C. complanata was recorded from Chiapas, the first record of this species from the tropics. We describe here a third, C. angustispicata, from Oaxaca. The following key separates all Mexican members of sect. Porocystis and C. complanata subsp. complanata from the southeastern United States. 339 340 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 1. Larger perigynia 2.5-4.1 (-4.6) mm long, widest at 1.4-2.3 mm below apex; pistillate scales obtuse to acute, rarely with a minute mucro to 0.1 mm long; culms more or less flexuous, 0.2— 0.65 (-0.85) mm wide ca. | cm below the inflorescence; plants loosely cespitose, rhizomes ca. (0.3—) 0.5-2 (4) cm long between shoots; lateral spikes pistillate or gynaecandrous 2. Longest terminal spikes 8-17 mm long, the staminate portion usually less than half the length of the spike; the lowest bract often shorter than or about equaling the inflores- cence, rarely longer; inflorescences 1.1-2.6 (-3.2) cm long. . boliviensis fe boliviensis. 2. Longest terminal spikes 15-30 mm long, the staminate portion often half the len spike or ee the lowest bract often longer than the inflorescence; longest ee 2.5—6.1 cm long. C. boliviensis subsp. occidentalis. Larger perigynia 2.1-2.8 mm long, widest at 1.1-1.5 mm below apex; pistillate scales o to acuminate, often minutely cuspidate or short-awned; culms stiff, straight or arched, (0. i ) 0).5-1.2 mm wide ca. | cm below the inflorescence; plants densely cespitose, rhizomes rarely more than 0.5 cm long between shoots; lateral spikes pistillate. 3. Pistillate scales 1.2—1.6 times as long as wide, obtuse to acute, sometimes ar: cuspi- date; achenes 1.4-1.8 mm long; pistillate portion of terminal spikes 2.8-5.1 m1 — C. ingen 3. Pistillate scales 1.6-3.3 times as long as wide, obtuse to acuminate-awned, at least s scales with an awn 0.1—0.9 mm long; achenes 1.7-2.2 mm long; pistillate portions of termi- nal spikes (4.4-) 4.8-7.3 mm wide. 4. Scales from the middle of the staminate portion of the terminal spikes 1.8-2.9 (-3. 1) times as long as wide, (1-) 1.2-1.6 (-1.8) mm wide; scales from the middle the pistillate Sc of the spikes 1.3-2.5 times as long as wide, the longest awns 0).1-0.5 (—0.8) mn C. complanata subsp. tropicalis. Scales ae te middle of the operon portion of the terminal spikes (2.2—-) 2.7-5S times as long as wide, 0.9-1.5 mm wide; scales from the middle of the pistillate portions of the spikes (1.9—) 2.3-3.3 ee as long as wide, the longest awns 0.3-0.9 mm lon C. complanata subsp. complanata. = CAREX BOLIVIENSIS Carex boliviensis consists of two geographically separated entities differing consistently by several overlapping characters. Plants from the Transvolcanic Belt, and the Eastern Cordillera in central Mexico, have the inflorescences 1.1—2.6 (- 3.2) cm long with terminal spikes (6—) 8-17 mm long, the staminate portion usual- ly less than half the length of the spike, and the lowest inflorescence bracts short- er than or about equaling the inflorescence (rarely longer). These plants appear to be essentially identical with those from the South American range of the species. Plants of the Western Cordillera from Chihuahua south to Guerrero have the inflorescences (1—) 2.5-6.1 cm long with terminal spikes (9-) 15-30 mm long, the staminate portion often half the length of the spike or longer, and the lowest bracts often longer than the inflorescence (Fig. 1). In addition, C. boliviensis in the Western Cordillera also differs from those clsewhere in being a generally larger and more robust plant that can have longer culms (up to 87 cm), which are more scabrous- or ciliate- angled. The culms are also sometimes more erect and less flexuous. The perigynia, scales, achenes, and anthers also tend to be longer, and the basal sheaths are often purple or purple- tinged to a greater extent than is typical for C. boliviensis. All the characters separating these two entities, however, overlap to a greater or lesser degree, and recognition of these two entities as geographical subspecies seems most appropriate, although robust plants from the Western Cordillera are quite strikingly different. 2001 REZNICEK & GONZALEZ: CAREX SECTION POROCYSTIS 34] * Carex boliviensis subsp. occidentalis A Carex boliviensis subsp. boliviensis (S. Am.) V Carex boliviensis subsp. boliviensis (Mexico) No = a 2 a Staminate portion L. of terminal spike (mm) / Terminal spike L. (mm) 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Bract L. (mm) / Inflorescence L. (mm) IG. 1. Carex boliviensis. Bract length (mm)/inflorescence length (mm) versus length of the staminate portion of the terminal spike (mm)/terminal spike length (mm). Carex boliviensis Van Heurck & Muell.-Arg., Observ. Bot. 1: 32. 1870.—TyPE: Boutvia. [La Paz:] Prov. Larecaja prope Sorata, Mandon 1428 (holotype: AWH)?; isotypes: GH! MICH! NY! P! US!). Loosely cespitose from hard, ascendent, branched rhizomes, the rhizomes ca. (0.3-) 0.5-2 (-4) cm long between shoots; fertile culms (3—) 8-87 cm long, at maturity erect, decumbent, or prostrate, usually much longer than the leaves, wiry and flexuous or not so, trigonous, 0.20.65 (—0.85) mm wide ca. | cm below the inflorescence, the angles acute, prominent, scabrous to ciliate; bladeless basal sheaths yellowish brown to red or dark purple, soon ruptured and fibrillous. Leaves 5-10, mostly on the lower 1/3 to 1/8 of the culms, occasionally one present a few centimeters below the inflorescence; blades 3.5—-25 cm long, 0.8-3.8 mm wide, flat to conduplicate, pubescent basally or almost glabrous, scabrous to ciliate on mar- gins and occasionally on the main veins; leaf sheaths 1-15 cm long, tight, dorsally pubescent or glabrous, green, the inner band membranaceous, pubescent to nearly glabrous, stramineous to pale brown, sometimes red- or brown-dotted, hyaline and easily ruptured, concave to truncate, ciliate at apex; ligules rounded to acute, 0.6-3.7 (-4.6) mm long, the free portion ciliate, 0.1-0.3 (-0.4) mm wide, whitish to brownish. Inflorescences (1—) 2.5-6.1 cm long, spikes (1—) 2-4, overlapping or the 342 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 lowermost separated up to 3 cm, single at nodes, sessile or the lowermost some- times on a filiform peduncle up to 12 mm long; a single pistillate spike is occasion- ally present on a filiform (0.2 mm wide) ciliate basal culm; the lowest bracts + scalelike to filiform-triangular to foliaceous, scabrous distally, 0.25-8.5 cm long, 0.1—1.6 mm wide, shorter or longer than the inflorescence, sheathless or with a sheath 1-5 mm long, the upper bracts reduced, scalelike and sometimes awned: terminal spike gynaecandrous, (6-) 8-30 mm long, with an ovoid to cylindrical distal pistillate portion 4.5-16 mm long and 3.5—6 mm wide, 6—45-flowered, the staminate portion 2-22 mm long, 1.5-2.5 mm wide, 3-45-flowered, cylindric-obconic to turbinate; lateral spikes pistillate or gynaecandrous, 5-15 mm long, 3.5-6 mm wide, ovoid to cylindrical, with 6 to 35 (—50) perigynia. Pistillate scales 1.7-3.4 mm long, 1.1-2 (—2.2) mm wide, 1.2-2.2 times as long as wide, ovate to ovate-lan- ceolate, obtuse to acute, rarely with a minute mucro to 0.1 mm long, glabrous (rarely minutely scabrous), stramineous to brown or purple with a green or stra- mineous 3-nerved center and usually with narrow hyaline margins and apex; stam- inate scales 2.7-4.8 mm long, 1.2-2.3 mm wide, 1.7-3.2 times as long as wide, lanceolate to obovate, acute, stramineous to brown or purple with a green or stramineous 3-nerved center and narrow hyaline margins, glabrous or sparsely pubescent. Perigynia 2.2-4.1 (-4.6) mm long, 1.4-1.75 mm wide, widest at 1.4—2.3 mm below apex, ascending, trigonous to flattened-triangular with elliptic to rhom- bic-ovate sides, glabrous, firm-membranous, scarcely inflated, green to pale brown, sometimes red-dotted, faintly 6-16-nerved or with some nerves prominent, coni- cally tapered to a truncate, entire, minutely erose, or emarginate apex: beak absent. Achenes 1.6-2.6 mm long, 1.1-1.5 mm wide, trigonous, ovoid, ellipsoid, or obo- void, brown with paler, yellowish angles, minutely puncticulate, pedicellate and apiculate. Style straight, withering; stigmas 3. Anthers 3, 1.4-2.3 mm long. Carex boliviensis var. boliviensis. Carex galbana L. H. Bailey, Bot. Gaz. (Crawfordsville) 25: 271. 1898.—Typr: Mexico. México: Sierra de las Cruces, 13 Aug 1896, Pringle 7083 (holo- type: BH!; isotypes: ENCB! MEXU-2! US! VT!). Culms 3-64 cm tall, wiry, flexuous, decumbent or prostrate, 0.2-0.5 (-0.75) mm wide at ca. | cm below the inflorescence, finely scabrous-angled; bladeless basal sheaths yellowish brown or only little red-tinged. Inflorescences 1.1-2.6 (-3.2) mm long, the lowest bracts little more than an awned scale to filiform-triangular, 0.25—3 cm long, usually shorter than to equaling the inflorescence; terminal spikes (6—-) 8-17 mm long, the staminate portion 1-4.5 mm long, usually less than half the length of the spike. Pistillate scales 1.8-2.3 mm long; staminate scales 2.7-3.1 (3.7) mm long. Perigynia 2.2—3.2 (-3.4) mm long. Achenes 1.6-2.2 mm long. Anthers 1.4-2.1 mm long. Carex boliviensis var. boliviensis is known from central and southern Mexico, and in South America from Peru south to northern Argentina. In Mexico it occurs in alpine to subalpine sites, usually in swampy areas and along streambanks, but sometimes in drier meadows between 2700 and 3940 m (Fig. 3). In South America it grows at elevations up to 4100 m. Fruiting occurs from June to October. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. Mexico. Disrriro FEDERAL: Puerto de Las Cruces, Deleg. Cuajimalpa, 24 Jun 1973, S. Gonzalez 999 (ENCB); Sierra de Las Cruces, 13 Aug 1896, C. G. Pringle 7088 (MEXU); Llano de La Cieneguilla, cerca del Cerro de La Palma, Sierra de Las Cruces, 9 Jul 1967, J. Rzedowski 23873 (ENCB); Puerto de Las Cruces, Deleg. Cuajimalpa, 24 Jun 1973, J. Rzedowski 2001 REZNICEK & GONZALEZ: CAREX SECTION POROCYSTIS 343 30808-a (ENCB), 20 Jul 1980, J. Rzedowski 36725 (ENCB).—Hpatco: Cerro de Las Ventanas, al N de Pachuca, 14 Aug 1963, J. Rzedowski 17032-a (ENCB).—MExico: Mpio. Ixtapaluca, 8 km S of Rio Frio along main road from hwy to Estacién Experimental Zoquiapan, 3100-3200 m, 8 Oct 1983, W. R. Anderson et al. 12949 (ENCB, MEXU, MICH); Mpio. de Chalco, Llano de Aculco, 10 km al SW de Rio Frio, 15 Aug 1972, J. Rzedowski 29130 (ENCB); Villa Alpina, Naucalpan, 2 Jul 1978, J. Rzedowski 35695 (ENCB), 1 Jul 1979, J. Sa 36154 (ENCB); Mpio. de Iturbide, cerca de la Presa Itur- bide, 8 Jun 1980, J. Rzedowski 36675 (ENCB); Mpio. de Tlalmanalco, La Ciénega, regién de la cabeza del Ixtaccihuatl, 18 Jul er o Rzedowski 37861 (ENCB); 3.2 road km N of Paso de Cortés, $ slope of Volcan Ixtaccfhuatl, 12,500 ft, 21 Aug 2000, P. F. Zika 15389 (MICH).—MicuHoacan: Mpio. de Zinapécuaro, base del Cerro del Gallo, cerca del yacimiento de caolin, 13 Jul 1989, M. J. Jasso 1116 (IEB); Mpio. Santa Clara del Cobre, La Laguna, cerca de San Gregorio, 2700 m, 7 Jul 1985, J. Rzedowski 38747 (1EB); Mpio. de Santa Clara del Cobre, La aus cerca de San Gregorio, 2700 m, 21 Jul 1987, J. Rzedowski 43817 (CHUDIR, ENCB, IEB).—Oaxaca: Mpio. saan pe near Cerro Pelon, along Hwy 175 (Tuxtepec-Oaxaca Hwy), 17°34'23"N, 96° at 20"W, 293 16 Jul 1997, S. Gonzélez & A. A. Reznicek 10532 (CHDIR, [EB, MICH).—PugEBLa: ieee na side of mtn, 3940 m, 31 Jul 1958, J. H. Beaman 1979 (GH). Carex boliviensis subsp. occidentalis Reznicek & S. Gonzalez, subsp. nov.—TyPE: Mexico. Durango: Mpio. Durango, aprox. 61 km al S de Durango, por el camino a La Flor, 2670 m, 13 Jul 1990, §. Gonzalez 4461 con A. Garcia y S. Acevedo (holotype: CIIDIR!; isotypes: IEB! MEXU! MICH!). Habitu Carici boliviensi subsp. boliviensi similis, inflorescentiis, spicis termi- nalibus, basibus staminatis spicarum terminalium longioribus differt. s 35-87 cm tall, somewhat wiry and flexuous or not, erect, arching or + decumbent, 0.20.65 (—0.85) mm wide at ca. 1 cm below the inflorescence, promi- nently scabrous- or ciliate-angled; bladeless basal sheaths brown to red or dark purple. Inflorescences (1—) 2.5-6.1 mm long, the lowest bracts often foliaceous, 1-8.5 cm long, shorter or often longer than the inflorescence; terminal spikes (9—) 15-30 mm long, the staminate portion 3-22 mm long, often more than half the length of the spike. Pistillate scales 1.8-3.4 mm long; staminate scales 3-4.8 mm long. Perigynia —4.6) mm long. Achenes 2—2.6 mm long. Anthers 1.7—2.3 mm long. Carex boliviensis var. occidentalis is common, sometimes abundant, in marshy areas in openings in pine or pine-oak forest of the Sierra Madre Occidental in Chihuahua, Durango, Jalisco, and Guerrero from (2000-—) 2500-3200 m (Fig. 3). This subspecies seems to be most frequent in Durango, where it is a very prevalent component of marshy montane meadows, often forming extensive colo- nies. A collection from southern Durango (S$. Gonzalez 2368) is especially robust, with erect culms 0.6-0.85 mm wide. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. Mexico. CHtHUAHUA: Mpio. Bocoyna, ca. 2-3 mi N of San Juanito road to El Alamito-San Pedro, 2300 m, 2 Aug 1977, R. Bye & W.A. Weber 7844 (SD).—DuRANGo: Mpio. Pueblo Nuevo, 7 km W de El Salto, 21 Aug 1981, S. ee 1911 (CIIDIR; duplicates to be distributed); Mpio. El Mezquital, 22 km al ae de Los Charcos, 1 Nov 1982, S$. Gonzdlez 2368 (CIIDIR; duplicates to be distributed); Mpio. Durango, entrada a precio Las Bayas (UJED), 93 km al S de Durango, 2700 m, 13 Jul 1990, S. ae 4491 (CIIDIR, MICH); Mpio. Durango, Cerro La Gruya, predio Las Bayas, al S de Durango, 15 Jul 1990, S. Gonzalez 4543 (CIIDIR); aprox. 10 km de Los Charcos, por el camino a Santa Maria Ocotan, 2630 m, 18 Jun 1992, S$. Gonzalez 5155 (CILDIR, IEB, MEXU, MICH): Mpio. El Mezquital, aprox. 16 km de La Ventana, camino Los Charcos—Santa Maria Ocotan, 18 Jun 1992, §. Gonzalez 5163 (CIIDIR, MICH); 1 km al S de Buenos Aires, cerca de la carretera Durango—Mazatlan, en sitio inundable, 23°42' cea 105°43'26" W, 19 Aug 1999, S. sie 6179 (CIIDIR, ENCB, IEB, MEXU, MICH); Mpio. Pueblo Nuevo, Km 134 carretera Dura Mazatlan, 3 Nov 1990, S. Gonzalez & M. Gonzalez 4580 ees El Hae Aserraderos, Sierra Made Occidental, 2530-2540 m, 28 Aug 1934, F. W. Pennell 18368 (MEXU, PH, US): Mpio. E] Salto, Sierra Madre Occidental, 3.2 mi E of La Cuidad along Hwy 40 (near 23°44'N, 105°40'W), 2600 m, 19 Aug 344 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 1988, A. C. Sanders 8135 (VDB).—Guerrero: Distr. Mina, Teotepec, 3200 m 17 Jul 1939, G. B. Hinton 14460 (ENCB, LL, MICH, NY).—JAtisco: Mpio. Autlan, camino en el file de la vaca, por el limite de la propiedad, Las Joyas, Autlan, 19°35'37"N, 104°16'38"W, 2040 m, 28 Jul 1985, A. Vasquez 3452 (ZEA). CAREX COMPLANATA Carex complanata, as it occurs in Chiapas and Guatemala, differs from material from the southeastern United States in a few subtle features. Though the ranges are fairly similar, there is a strong tendency for the awns of the pistillate scales, especially of those in the middle portions of the spikes, to be shorter, giving the spikes a somewhat less “bristly” appearance as compared with plants from the southeastern United States. Tropical plants have awns 0.1-0.5 (-0.8) mm long, and plants from the southeastern United States have awns mostly 0.3-0.9 mm long. Also, both the pistillate and staminate scales have a strong tendency to be broader in the tropical plants. Scales from the middle of the pistillate portion of the spikes are 1.6—2.5 times as long as wide in the tropical plants and (1.9-) 2.3-3.3 times as long as wide in temperate plants. Scales from the middle of the staminate portion of the terminal spikes are (1—) 1.2-1.6 (-1.8) mm wide and 1.8-2.9 (-3.1) times as long as wide in the tropical plants versus 0.9-1.5 mm wide and (2.2-) 2.7-5 times as long as wide in temperate plants. These features are both subtle and show some degree of overlap (Fig. 2), but taken in combination allow almost all plants to be recognized without recourse to geography. Although only subtly different, the distinctions nevertheless suggest that the occurrence of C. complanata in southern Mexico and Guatemala is not the result of a very recent introduction. We describe the tropical entity as a geographically isolated subspecies, C. complanata subsp. tropicalis. A relative of C. complanata in North America, C. hirsutella, is also sometimes recognized at infraspecific rank as C. complanata var. hirsuta (Gleason & Cron- quist 1991). It differs consistently in its much more pubescent foliage and is here viewed as a separate species. Some authors, e.g., Correll and Johnston (1970), have suggested that C. complanata should also include C. bushii and C. caroliniana. but this view has not gained acceptance, and we recognize C. complanata in the restricted sense of Mackenzie (19335). Carex complanata subsp. tropicalis Reznicek & S. Gonzalez, subsp. nov. Type: Mexico. Chiapas: Mpio. Larrainzar, along road between San Andrés Larrainzar and Puerto Cato, 16°55'04"N, 92°45'34"W, 12 Jul 1997, S. Gonzalez & Reznicek 10515, M. Gonzalez, M. Pinedo (holotype MICH!: isotypes: CIIDIR!, others to be distributed). Habitu Carici complanatae subsp. complanatae similis, squamis pistillatis stami- natis latioribus, aristis brevioribus differt. Densely cespitose from hard rhizomes rarely more than 0.5 cm long between shoots, forming small to large clumps; fertile culms (20-) 35-86 cm long, stiff, erect to spreading, trigonous, 0.45-1.1 mm wide ca. | cm below the inflorescence, the angles acute, prominent, smooth or minutely scabrous; bladeless basal sheaths dark purple or purple-tinged, becoming ruptured and somewhat fibrillous. Leaves 5-10, on the lower 1/4 of the culms; blades 15-38 cm long, 1.5-3.5 (-4) mm wide, flat, rarely conduplicate, nearly glabrous or scabrous to short-pilose distally and at 2001 REZNICEK & GONZALEZ: CAREX SECTION POROCYSTIS 345 LW oO ike Staminate scale M7 2129S ayeulweys Carex complanata subsp. complanata %* Carex complanata subsp. tropicalis FIG. 2. Carex complanata. Staminate scale width (mm) versus pistillate scale I/w versus stami- nate scale l/w the lower parts; leaf sheaths 2.5-16 cm long, tight, pale-green, dorsally glabrous or very sparsely short-pilose, the inner band whitish or pale-brown, short-pilose to hirsute, paler, sometimes red-dotted, membranous, hyaline and easily ruptured, the apex truncate to concave, ciliate; ligules shorter than wide, 0.5-1.4 mm long, the free portion 0.3-0.5 mm wide, ciliate, whitish to brownish or reddish. Inflores- cences 1—2.9 cm long, spikes 2-5, overlapping, single at nodes, sessile or nearly so; bracts the lowest bracts 0.8-8.8 cm long, 0.4-2.2 mm wide, usually exceeding the terminal spike, sheathless or with a sheath up to 2.5 mm long, the upper bracts much reduced, setiform; terminal spike gynaecandrous with an ovoid to ovoid- cylindrical pistillate portion 5-13 mm long and (4.4—) 4.8-7.3 mm broad, the stam- inate portion 3-7 mm long, short-obconic; lateral spikes pistillate, ovoid to cylin- drical, 4-14 mm long, 4.3-6 mm wide, sessile or very short-peduncled, with 7 to 70 perigynia. Pistillate scales (1.4—) 1.6-2.8 (-3.3) mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, 1.3-2.5 times as long as wide, ovate, narrower and shorter than or more or less equaling the perigynia, obtuse to acuminate, often short-awned or minutely cuspidate, the longest awns 0.1-0.5 (—0.8) mm long, the lower more strongly acuminate than the upper, glabrous, stramineous hyaline to brownish hyaline with a green, stramine- ous or pale brown 3-nerved center, the center smooth or sparsely and minutely scabrous; staminate scales 2.3-4 (-4.6) mm long, 1-1.8 (-2) mm wide, 1.8-3.1 times as long as wide, ovate, acute to acuminate, stramineous to brownish hyaline 346 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 with a green, stramineous, or pale brown 3—5-nerved center. Perigynia 22.8 mm long, 1.2-1.9 mm wide, widest at 1—-1.5 mm below apex, ascending, triangular to flattened-triangular or unequally biconvex, obovoid, glabrous (rarely minutely scabrous on the angles), firm-membranous, not inflated, olive-brown to brown, 2- ribbed, with several weak nerves that are inconspicuous at full maturity, the perigynia tapering to the base and to the apex, beakless, with a nearly entire, inconspicuous orifice. Achenes 1.7—2.2 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, trigonous, obovoid to ovoid, yellowish to brown, puncticulate, sessile to short-pedicellate, bent-apiculate. Style withering; stigmas 3. Anthers 3, 1.5-1.9 mm long. Carex complanata subsp. tropicalis is found in Chiapas and Guatemala (Fig. 3) in moist, shrubby openings and on steep slopes of mesophytic pine-oak forests from 1600 to 2800 m. Flowering and fruiting occur all year long. Subspecies tropicalis appears to be a plant of successional openings. It forms robust, spreading clumps with many culms in recent clearings and other disturbed open areas. In denser or shadier sites, it occurs as smaller clumps with few, lax culms, sometimes erect or leaning on other vegetation. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Mexico. CHiApAs: 2 km N of Jitotol on road to Pichucalco, 1620 m, 20 Oct 1983 W. R. Anderson et al. 13243 (MICH); Mpio. Tenajapa, near crest of ridge in the paraje of Banabil, 9100 ft, 10 Oct 1965, D.E. Breedlove 12943 (MICH); Mpio. La Independencia, 6-10 km NNE of La Soledad along logging road from Las Margaritas to Campo Alegre, 1600 m, 30 Sept 1981, D. E. Breedlove 53191 (ENCB); Mpio. Jitotol, 10 km N of Jitotol near Rio Hondo, 8 Nov 1981, DE ee oe S55135(ENCB, NY); Mpio. Jitotol, near Colonia El Laurel, ca. 5 km N of Jitotol, 1600 m, 13 i , G. Davidse et al. 29623 (MICH, MO); Mpio. Tenejapa, ca. o km S of Tenejapa (Km 26.7) ine ies to San Cristébal de Las Casas, 16°49'03"N, 92°30'08"W, 10 Jul 1997, S. Gonzdlez & Reznicek 10469 (CAS, CIIDIR, IEB, MICH, MO); Mpio. Tenejapa, near Colonia Ach’lum, 16°46'50"N, 92°26'55"W, 11 Jul 1997, S. Gonzdlez & Reznicek 10493 (CHDIR, MICH); 10 km SE of Jitotol on road to Bochil, 5600 ft, 25 Jan 1965, P. H. Raven 20059 (MICH); Mpio. Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan, Clinica Yerba Buena, 2 km NW of Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan, 5400 ft, 23-24 Jan 1965, P. H. Raven 19879 & D. E. Breedlove (MICH); Mpio. Tenajapa, at the Paraje Matsab, 9000 ft, 12 May 1966, A. S. Ton 943 (F, MICH, MO). Guatemala. ALTA Verapaz: Sierra de las Minas, 3 km SE of Purulh, 2000 m, 6 Jan 1974, L. O. Williams et al. 43413 (BM, F, MICH). CAREX ANGUSTISPICA Several recent collections from subalpine habitats in Oaxaca of plants some- what similar to C. complanata consistently differ in a number of features from both C. complanata in Chiapas and Guatemala, and representatives from the United States. These Oaxacan collections have very broad pistillate scales, only 1.2-1.6 times as long as wide, which are merely obtuse to acute and lack an awn, having at most a tiny cusp, contrasted with scales 1.6-3.3 times as long as wide with awns 0.1—0.9 mm long in C. complanata. Also, achenes are shorter, only 1.4— 1.8 mm long, contrasted with achenes 1.7-2.2 mm long in C. complanata. The spikes in the subalpine plant are also narrower, with the terminal spikes 2.8—-5.1 mm wide versus terminal spikes (4.4-) 4.8-7.3 mm wide in C. complanata. The several differences involving inflorescences, scales, and achenes, as well as the distinctive subalpine habitat of this taxon, argue for its recognition at specific rank. Carex angustispica Reznicek & S. Gonzalez, sp. nov.—Type: MEXICO. Oaxaca: Sierra de Juarez, along Hwy 175, 1.5 km by road SW of mirador at Cerro Pelon, 21 Feb 1988, A. A. Reznicek & S. A. Reznicek 8093 (holotype: MICH!; isotypes: ENCB! GENT! MEXU!). 2001 REZNICEK & GONZALEZ: CAREX SECTION POROCYSTIS 347 . cs A Bae A Carex boliviensis subsp. boliviensis i gh Neo s, a Los oe @ Carex boliviensis subsp. occidentalis ..._ gc 0 100 200 300 400 500 KM L 4 L i ih = T T T 0 100 200 300 MILES FIG. 3. Distribution of Carex sect. Porocystis in Mexico and Central America. Dense cespitosae; culmi (3—) 10-65 cm alti; vaginae basales purpurascentes. Folia 5-10, plerumque basalia; laminae (2.5—) 5-28 cm longae, 1.2-3.6 mm latae; vaginae 0.8-4.5 cm longae, glabrae, ventraliter brevipilosae; ligulae 0.2-1.6 mm longae. Inflorescentiae 0.8-4.5 cm longae; spicae 2-4 (—5), plus minusve erectae; spica terminalis gynaecandra, spicae laterales pistillatae; bracteae infimae laminis 0.5-6 cm longis, 0.4-2.6 mm latis, plerumque evaginatis. Perigynia 2.1-2.8 mm longa, 1.2-1.5 mm lata, ovoidea vel obovoidea, complanato-trigona, ascendentia, viridia vel brunnea, erostrata. Achenium 1.4-1.8 mm longum, 1.1-1.3 mm latum. Styli marcescentes; stigmata 3. Antherae 3, ca. 1.3-1.7 mm longae. Densely cespitose from hard rhizomes rarely more than 0.5 cm long between shoots, usually scattered in small clumps; fertile culms (3—) 10-65 cm long, erect, stiff, trigonous, 0.4-1.2 mm wide ca. 1 cm below the inflorescence, the angles acute, smooth to minutely scabrous; bladeless basal sheaths reddish purple-tinged, spikes pistillate, ovoid to cylindrical, 4-14.5 mm long, 3-4.8 mm wide, with ca. 5— 40 perigynia. Pistillate scales 1.6-2.4 (-2.6) mm long, 1.3-1.7 mm wide, ca. 1.2-1.6 times as long as wide, ovate to broadly ovate, wider and shorter than the perigy- nia, obtuse to acute, sometimes minutely cuspidate, glabrous, stramineous hyaline to brownish with a green or pale brown 3-nerved center and narrow hyaline margins, the center smooth or sparsely and minutely scabrous; staminate scales 2.8-3.3 mm long, 1.3-1.9 mm wide, ca. 1.7—2.2 times as long as wide, ovate, acute to acuminate, stramineous to brownish with a green or pale brown 3-5-nerved center and narrow hyaline margins. Perigynia 2.1-2.8 mm long, 1.2-1.5 mm wide, widest at 1.1-1.4 mm below apex, ascending, flattened-trigonous, ovoid to obovoid, 348 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 glabrous, firm-membranous, not inflated, green to brown, 2-ribbed with ca. 9-14 weak nerves that are inconspicuous at full maturity, the perigynia tapering to the base and to the apex, beakless, with a nearly entire, inconspicuous orifice. Achenes 1.4-1.8 mm long, 1.1-1.3 mm wide, flattened-trigonous, obovoid, yellowish to brown, puncticulate, sessile to short-pedicellate, bent-apiculate. Style withering; stigmas 3. Anthers 3, ca. 1.3-1.7 mm long. Carex angustispica occurs in Oaxaca in grassy and sedgy areas among erica- ceous shrubs in subalpine habitats or open pine forest on mountain summits and upper slopes at ca. 2800-3000 m. It fruits from late August to February. This species is smaller in stature than C. complanata and sometimes forms a dwarf “turf” in gravelly, sterile openings. The culms tend to be stiffly erect, not spreading to ascending, like those of C. complanata subsp. tropicalis. Carex angus- tispica presumably grows on acidic soils; it is found on volcanic rock in association with various members of the Ericaceae. Carex complanata subsp. tropicalis occurs often in areas of limestone soils. Also, it flowers and fruits throughout the year, but C. angustispica has been collected in fruit only from August through February. The vicinity of Cerro Pel6n, Oaxaca, is the only area of Mexico where more than one species of sect. Porocystis occurs. In addition to C. angustispica, C. boliviensis subsp. boliviensis has been collected there (Fig. 3). ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. Mexico. OAXACA: 47 km al N de Ixtlan de Juarez, sobre la carretera a Tuxtepec (cerca de Cerro Pelén) [en lugares perturbados, cerca de matorral de Erica- ceas], §. Gonzalez 1014 (ENCB, IEB, MEXU); Cerro del Humo, 9300 ft, 10 Aug 1975, R. O. Lawton 803 (F, MO); along Mex Hwy 175, 30.5 mi NE of Guelatao, 24 Dec 1975, A. A. Reznicek & D. R. Gregory M-319 (MICH); Sierra de Juarez, along Hwy 175, 0.6 km by road SW of mirador at Cerro Pelon, 21 Feb 1988, A. A. Reznicek & S. A. Reznicek 8077 (IEB, MICH), 8080 (CAS, MICH). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS We are grateful to the curators of all the herbaria from which we examined specimens for this study: BH, BM, CIIDIR, ENCB, F, GH, IEB, LL, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, PH, SD, US, VDB, VT, and ZEA. Socorro Gonzalez thanks CGPI, COFAA, and EDI, of the Instituto Politécnico Nacional, for support for research. We also thank Peter Ball for his helpful comments on the manuscript. LITERATURE CITED Correll, D. S., and M. C. Johnston, 1970. Manual of the vascular plants of Texas. Renner, Texas: Texas Research Foundation. xv Gleason, H. A., and A. ee 1991. Mevuai of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent boon 2de nx, New York: New York Botanical Garden. Ixxv + 910 Hermann, F. J. 1974. il se ee Genus Carex in Mexico and re America. Washinaion: D.C.: eae ye Forest Service, U.S.D.A. iv + 219 pp. een K. i. 1935. Cyperaceae-Caricoideae. N. Amer. Flora 18(4—7): 169-478. Reznicek, A. S G. A. Wheeler, 1993. Carex ee (Cyperaceae), a new species from eee one Univ. Michigan Herb. 19: 137-14 Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 349-350. 2001. A PURPLE COLOR FORM OF PITCHER’S THISTLE Edward G. Voss University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 49109-1057 ABSTRACT. Cirsium pitcheri (Compositae), a thistle endemic to the sandy shores and dunes of lakes Michigan, Huron, and Superior, has hitherto been known to have heads only pale (white or cream) in color. A new form discovered at the north end of Lake Michigan has rich magenta corollas of a shade like that of the usual form of C. vulgare. This fees is the reverse of the more usual discovery of a pale (or albino) form of a normally colored speci Pitcher’s Thistle, Cirsium pitcheri (Eaton) Torr. & A. Gray (Compositae), was originally found “by Dr. Zina Pitcher, on the great sand banks of Lake Superior” (Eaton 1829, p. 180). Amos Eaton admitted, however, that his specimen (and hence the type, apparently no longer extant) “was collected by Dr. E. James, at Lake Huron”. Besides the Grand Sable dunes, which remain the only known site on the south shore of Lake Superior, the species occurs at one place on the north shore, and on various dunes and beaches along lakes Huron and Michigan. As a species endemic to the Great Lakes shores, it has been officially listed as threat- ened under Michigan law since 1980 and federal law since 1988. Eaton said nothing of flower color, although Torrey and Gray (1843, p. 456) said “flowers ochroleucous.” And indeed, subsequent authors have invariably declared the flowers to be white, cream-colored, yellowish white, or similarly pale—as in its nearest relative, C. canescens Nutt. (see Loveless & Hamrick 1988). I find no published mention of any other color form [other than a brief last-minute addi- tion in Michigan Flora Part III (Voss 1996)]. Imagine our surprise, therefore, when C. Eric Hellquist and I came upon plants with deep magenta heads growing (along a federal highway!) with others of normal pale color—a reversal of the usual minor discovery of a white-flowered form in an ordinarily colored species. The heads in this population are as deep and rich red-purple as is normal in C. vulgare (Savi) Ten. and C. muticum Michx. Otherwise, the plants seem identical to typical C. pitcheri: e.g., large achenes (ca. 7 mm), corolla tubes shorter than in C. vulgare, spines absent on margins or surfaces of leaves—except a short one at the apex of each slender leaf lobe; and leaves (especially beneath), stems, and peduncles with the typical white tomentum of normal plants. We discovered this population in 1995 southeast of the Brevort River in Mack- inac County, Michigan, at the north end of Lake Michigan (or west end of the Straits of Mackinac, presumably within 15 miles or so from the type locality of the species; see Voss 1956, p. 24). There were three large bushy plants here, at a spot frequently trampled by tourists heading for the extensive beach. Tabulating the number of individuals is difficult, for some plants may have finished flowering or be too young at the time of counting (the species is perennial but monocarpic), and it is of course impossible to determine the flower color of the numerous seedlings and young individuals in the vicinity. However, in 1996 three purple-headed plants were again noted; in 1997 there were 7; in 1998, 17; and in 1999, 44. Always there were at least as many cream-headed plants plus many young individuals, and 349 350 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 occasional intermediate pink-headed ones. Then in 2000 there was a crash. I could find only 5 purple-headed individuals (plus some cream and immature ones). The cause was presumably extensive grading along U.S. Highway 2, scraping the dunes, and decimating this protected species and its as yet undescribed color form at this site. With luck, it will rebound; dunes, after all, are naturally disturbed (though not by heavy equipment). Some disturbance is in fact required for maintenance of this species (Hamzé & Jolls 2000). In the meantime, it seems well to provide a name for this striking form of an endemic species: Cirsium pitcheri forma magenteum E. G. Voss, f. nov.—Type: MICHIGAN. Macki- nac Co.: disturbed area in low sand dunes along Lake Michigan, sec. 16, T41N, RSW, ca. 0.6 mi SE of Brevort River, 18 July 1995. E. G. Voss 16509 with Eric Hellquist (holotype: MICH!; isotypes: GH! MSC! UMBS!). Cirsium pitcheri forma magenteum differt a forma typica corollis magenteis. ADDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED (from the same locality): Voss 16537 & Hellquist, 16 July 1996 (MICH); Voss 16730, 11 July 2000 (MICH, WIS, NY, MIN). Cirsium pitchert is named for an eminent 19th century physician (see Voss 1978). Evidently Zina Pitcher discovered this thistle while stationed as an Army surgeon at Fort Brady, Sault Ste. Marie, 1826-1828. He later settled in Michigan and when the University was established in Ann Arbor the governor named him among its first regents. He served from 1837 until the post became elective in 1852. Always a scholar, Dr. Pitcher offered the motion to buy the first book for the University library—Audubon’s Birds of America (at a bargain price of $970), He was chairman of a regents committee that brought in a favorable report on establishing a medical department in the University. So he is often looked upon as the founder of the University of Michigan Medical School, on whose faculty he served from 1852 until his death in 1872. The street approaching the Medical Center from the south is now happily named Zina Pitcher Place, and a large oil portrait of him (on loan from the Medical School) hangs in the library of the University of Michigan Herbarium. He was an avid botanist, accumulating a large herbarium, and other plants have been named for him. I have always admired his thistle, even without knowing of this exceptional color form (my personal book- plate, designed in 1952, features a sketch of it). LITERATURE CITED Eaton, A. 1829. Manual of Botany, for North America, 5th ed. 452 + 4+ 12 pp. Albany: Websters & ki Hamzé, S. ind C. L. Jolls. 2000. Germination ecology of a federally treatened endemic thistle, ees of the Great Lakes. Amer. Midl. Nat. 143: 141-153 Loveless, M. D., and J. L. Hamrick. 1988. Genetic organization and a otona history in two North American species of Cirsium. Evolution 42: 254-265. Torrey, J., and A. Gray. 1843. A Flora of North America, vol. 2. 504 pp. New York: Wiley & Putnam. Voss, E. G. 1956. A history of floristics in the Douglas Lake region (Emmet and Cheboygan coun- ties), Michigan, with an account of rejected records. Jour. Sci. Lab. Denison Univ. 44: 16-75. . 1978. Botanical Beachcombers and Explorers: Pioneers of the 19th century in the Upper ee oe Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 13: 1-100. ———. 1996. Michigan Flora Part IH Dicots (Pyrolaceae~-Compositae). 622 pp. Cranbrook Inst. Sci. Bull. a Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Herbarium. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 351. 2001. CORRECT ATTRIBUTION OF THE NAME SCEPTRIDIUM SUBBIFOLIATUM (OPHIOGLOSSACEAE) Florence S. Wagner University of Michigan Herbarium North University Building Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 ABSTRACT. The correct name for the species described as Botrychium subbifoliatum Brack. CO an when assigned to the genus Sceptridium Lyon is Sceptridium subbifoliatum (Brack.) In a recent article on Hawaiian pteridophytes (Wagner et al. 1999), Wagner and Wagner proposed transferring Botrychium subbifoliatum Brack. (Ophiogloss- aceae) to the genus Sceptridium Lyon. They had overlooked that Lyon (1905) had already published the combination. The correct name for the species in Sceptridium is Sceptridium subbifoliatum (Brack.) Lyon. LITERATURE CITED Lyon, H. L. 1905. A new genus of Ophioglossaceae. Bot. Gaz. 40: 455-458. Wagener, W. H., Jr., F. S. Wagner, D. D. Palmer, and R. W. Hobdy. 1999. Taxonomic notes on the pteridophytes of Hawaii—II. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 22: 135-187. a eS ee 7 COD cle ieee: Le 7 . ae : - a o y ore « - ~~ — rr = i>. =—* ta — += ro: _-_ a — a > ; _ 7 SS a oe ear on ig iene Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 353-388. 2001. SYNOPSIS OF CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS (EUPHORBIACEAE) IN WESTERN TROPICAL MEXICO Grady L. Webster Herbarium, Section of Plant Biology University of California Davis, California 95616 ApsTRACT. Preliminary to a treatment of Croton and Phyllanthus in the Flora Novo-Galiciana, discussions of species, with citation of specimens and keys where appropriate, are presented for western Mexico. Forty-seven species of Croton and 21 species of Phyllanthus are recognized for the ea. A new subsection Xalapenses of Croton sect. Cyclostigma is described. Two species of Croton are described as new: C. mcvaughii and C. stenopetalus. As a result of the revision of the species of Croton sect. Velamea in western Mexico, Croton mazapensis var. pacificus is described as new, and w combination C. morifolius var. brandegeanus is applied to the taxon generally referred to as C. flavescens. Phyllanthus sect. Brachycladus is described as new; its only local representative is P. mickelii. In Phyllanthus sect. Paraphyllanthus, five species are recognized from western Mexico, and P. peninsularis subsp. novogalicianus is described as new. INTRODUCTION During studies on the Euphorbiaceae for the Flora Novo-Galiciana (FNG) in collaboration with Dr. Rogers McVaugh, it has become evident that a consider- able number of taxonomic and nomenclatural changes in Croton and Phyllanthus, including descriptions of new taxa, are needed. Discussion of taxonomic problems sometimes extends outside the boundaries of FNG, hence for this study the region delineated in the map by McVaugh (1993) has been expanded to include tropical western Mexico (south of 28°N), including all or portions of the states of Baja California Sur, Sonora, Sinaloa, Chihuahua (west of 107°W), Nayarit (including Islas Tres Marias), southwestern Durango and Zacatecas, Aguascalientes, Jalisco, Colima, and Michoacan. Representative specimens (at least one locality per state) are cited for each species recorded from this area; complete specimen citations will appear for species included in FNG (additional citations are sometimes given for species outside Nueva Galicia). Circumscriptions of the sections of Croton follow Webster (1993), although some modifications have been found necessary. CROTON Within western tropical Mexico, Croton is represented by 47 species including 12 varieties. These are referable to 15 sections as delimited by Webster (1993), although study of the FNG species has indicated that circumscription and compo- sition of some sections must be modified; revised descriptions of sections (as represented in the neotropics) are given where needed. Since the study of the Euphorbiaceae of Nueva Galicia by McVaugh (1961), the species of Croton in western Mexico have been reviewed by Wiggins for the Sonoran Desert (1964) and Baja California (1980); more recently Steinmann and Felger (1997) have treated the species in Sonora. Martinez Gordillo (1995) has described and illustrated the species of Guerrero, many of which also occur in FNG. 353 354 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 KEY TO THE SECTIONS OF CROTON IN WESTERN MEXICO lL. Petals well developed in both 5 and 2 flowers; indumentum lepidote. 3. Croton sect. Eluteria. |. Petals absent or greatly reduced in ¢ flowers; indumentum stellate or dendritic (rarely stellate lepidote). 2. Lower nodes of inflorescence with both and @ flowers; petiolar glands conspicuous; indumentum at least in part of dendritic hai 3. Styles multifid; sepals of 2 flowers een adaxially. 3. Styles bifid; sepals of 2 flowers stellate-pubescent adaxially ton sect. Cyclostigma (subsect. Cyclostigma). e 2. Lower nodes of bisexual inflorescences with ? flowers only (if ¢ flowers present, 1. Croton sect. Cleodora. petiolar glands obsolete). 4. Petals absent in both ° and d flowers; indumentum stellate-lepidote. 15. Croton sect. Drepadenium. 4, cee present in d flowers; indumentum usually stellate. Leaf blades deeply 3-lobed; receptacle (disk) of ¢ flower glabrous; ne tetragonal. 4. Croton sect. Astraea. . Leaf blades not deeply lobed; receptacle ch) of ¢ flower as copiously villose; seeds more or less ellipsoidal and compresse 6. Styles multifid; leaf blades without paired alande at base. 7. Indumentum of leaves lepidote; sepals of 2 flowers Ree eam ct. Argyroglossum. = ws 7. Indumentum of leaves stellate (stellate-lepidote in C. hy sepals flowers not reduplic 8. Stipules well eae >I mm long. Stipules entire, not glandular; leaf blades pinnately veined, without stalked glands. ton sect. Anadenocroton. 9. Stipules glandular-dissected; leaf blades triplinerved or palmately veined, with few to many stalked capitate glands. 11. Croton sect. Adenophyllum. 8. Stipules rudimentary, <1 mm long. 12. Croton sect. Medea. 6. Styles bifid; leaf blades with or without paired glands at base. 10. Leaf blades with paired glands at base of leaf or apex of petic 11. Sepals of 2 flower markedly unequal; bracts with basal Rec, of glands; stamens 8-10. 8. Croton sect. Geiseleria. 1. Sepals of @ flower subequal; bracts without basal seen of glands; stamens 8-40. 12. Leaf blades coarsely double-dentate, 2-10 cm oe stamens 8-12. 4. Croton sect. Corylocroton. 12. Leaf blades entire to serrulate. 13. Leaf blades acuminate, rounded or cordate at base, 7-20 cm long, petioles 1-5 cm ap stamens 22-35. 2. Croton sect. Cyclostigma Vea ial 13. Leaf blades obtuse or acute, obtuse or cuneate at bas long, petioles 0.5—1 cm long; stamen number elon Croton sect. Cascarilla 10. Leaf blades eglandular at base (or glands not over 0.2 mm in diameter). 14. Fruiting pedicels 3-7 mm long, recurving; herbs; leaf blades entire. ton sect. Gynamblosis. 14. Fruiting pedicels less than 3 mm long, not recurving; herbs, shrubs, or trees; leaf blades entire or dentate 15. Sepals of 2 flower markedly unequal, margin laciniate. 10. Croton sect. Julocroton LS: Spe of 2 flower equal or subequal, margin entire. ae entire, not glandular; leaves stellate-pubescent, ovate to eolat . Croton sect. Velamea. 16. ie ere dissected or leaves stellate-lepidote, linear 12. Croton sect. Maren 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 355 1. Croton section Cleodora (Klotzsch) Baillon, Etude Euphorb. 369. 1858.—Lecro- TYPE, designated by Webster, 1993: Cleodora sellowiana Klotzsch [=C. sphaerogynus Baillon]. Our representative of this section, Croton billbergianus Mill. Arg., is the single Mexican representative of this otherwise mainly South American group. Although this species was placed only tentatively within sect. Cleodora (Webster 1993), further review indicates that this is indeed where it belongs. 1.1. Croton billbergianus subsp. pyramidalis (Donn. Sm.) G. L. Webster, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 75: 1123. 1988. Croton pyramidalis Donn. Sm., Bot. Gaz. 35: 7. 1903.—Tyee: GUATEMALA. Alta Verapaz: Rio Dolores near Cubilgiiitz, Tiirckheim 7974 (holotype: US!). The two collections from a limited area in oak and pine woodlands (>1000 m) in the Sierra de Manantlan are the first records of this subspecies west of Oaxaca; it is not reported from Guerrero by Martinez Gordillo (1995). SPECIMENS EXAMINED. JALISco: Mpio. Cuautitlan, 1-2 km SW of Telcruz, Vazquez & Zuniga 4487 (IBUG, WIS); 2 km SE of Las Marias, Santana et al. 5307 (IBUG, WIS). 2. Croton section Cyclostigma Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 42. 1859.—T ype: Croton gossyplifolius Vahl. This large section of about 50 mainly neotropical species is poorly represented in FNG; the only typical species is Croton draco Schltdl. & Cham., in subsect. Cyclostigma (Griseb.) Miill. Arg. However, there are three aberrant species that lack bisexual lower cymules in the inflorescences but resemble species of sect. Cyclostigma in habit: C. swberosus Kunth in H. B. K., C. xalapensis Kunth in H. B. K., and C. stenopetalus; the last is here diagnosed as new. In order to accommodate these three species in sect. Cyclostigma, it seems best to create a new subsection for them; this now gives a total of four subsections, as indicated in the key. KEY TO THE SUBSECTIONS OF CROTON SECTION CYCLOSTIGMA — . Pistillate flowers distinctly ae leaves with petiolar glands; lower cymules of bisexual thyrses with d flowers; stamer 2. Styles bifid; sepals of 2 ae not Pee -valvate; leaf blades palmately or pinnately veined, copiously stellate-pubescent or sparsely pubescent; stamens 15-65. 3. Leaf blades palmately or pinnately veined, copiously stellate- sare stamens 15-65. oton subsect. Cyclostigma. 3. Leaf blades pinnately veined, sparsely pubescent; stamens 15-20. roton subsect. Sampatik. 2. Styles multifid; sepals of 2 flowers more or less ane ae leaf blades mostly palmately veined, copiously stellate-pubescent; stamens 10-150. oton subsect. Palanostigma. 1. Pistillate flowers sessile or subsessile; leaves with or without ene a lower cymules of bisexual thyrses lacking ¢ flowers; stamens 12-35. Croton subsect. Xalapenses. 2-1. Croton subsection Cyclostigma (Griseb.) Miill. Arg., Linnaea 34: 81. 1865.— YPE: Croton gossypiifolius Vahl. 356 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 2-1.1. Croton draco Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 6: 360. 1831.—Type: Mexico. Vera- cruz: “in sylvaticis Papantlae,” Schiede 1127 (holotype: HAL; isotype: W!). This is the only species of subsect. Cyclostigma in Mexico. It is the northern- most of the “sangre de drago” species, which exude red latex and range from Sinaloa and Veracruz south to Panama. In western Mexico C. draco occurs in arroyos or oak/pine forests, mostly above 800 m. EPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Mazatlan, 16 mi by road N of Chupaderos, Webster & Breckon 15544, Webster & Lynch 17049 (DAV); Villa Unién, 1964, Di ee (UC).—NayarIt: Mpio. Compostela, 28 mi by road SW of Tepic, Webster & Breckon 15773 (DAV).—Ja.isco: Mpio. Autlan de Navarro, Puerto Los Mazos, 10 mi SW of Autlan, McVaugh 19558, aay (MICH), Webster & Breckon 16031 (DAV).—Co.ima: Mpio, Comala, SW foothills of Nevado de Colima, MceVaugh 16117 (MICH).—Micuoacan: Mpio. Coalcoman, Sierra Naranjillo, Hinton 13930 (LAM). 2-2. Croton subsection Xalapenses G. L. Webster, subsect. nov.—Type: Croton xalapensis Kunth in H. B. K. Subsectio Xalapenses ab aliis subsectiones Cyclostigmatis differt cymulis infi- mis thyrsi tantum &, floribus 2 sessilibus vel subsessilibus, glandulis petiolorum interdum exiguis vel nullis. Subsection Xalapenses includes both Mesoamerican and South American spe- cies, such as Croton pungens Jacq., C. chilensis Miill. Arg., and C. boliviensis Miill. Arg. The total number of species will not be certain until sect. Cyclostigma is revised. KEY TO SPECIES OF CROTON SUBSECTION XALAPENSES IN WESTERN MEXICO _ . Climber; ae of ¢ flowers linear-lanceolate, 44.5 mm long; stamens 22-27; ae glands 0.2-0.5 mm in diameter. 2-2.2. C. stenopetalus. 2 Erect ce petals of d flowers ovate-lanceolate to spathulate, 2.53.5 mm long: stamens 12-55: petiolar glands absent or ca. | mm in diameter 2. Petiolar glands ca. | mm in diameter; seeds eeaesibnee stamens 22-35, 2-2.1. C. xalapensis. 2. Petiolar glands absent; seeds smooth; stamens 12-15. 2-2.3. C. suberosus 2-2.1. Croton xalapensis Kunth in H. B. K., Nov. gen. sp. 2: 85. 1817.—Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Jalapa, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype: P-HBK!). The population in western Michoacan appears to be disjunct from those in eastern Mexico (Veracruz to Chiapas). Croton xalapensis is common in secondary forests from Mexico to Costa Rica, from near sea level to over 1000 m. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. MICHOACAN: Mpio. Coalcoman de Matamoros, Coaleoman, Hinton 15899 (MICH); Mpio. Jungapeo, San José Purtia, Hinton 13806 (MO), 2-2.2. Croton stenopetalus G. L. Webster, sp. nov.—Typr: Mexico. Jalisco: Mpio. Toliman, Sierra de Manantlan, 1-1.5 km W of El Terrero, Santana & DeNiz 4543 (holotype: IBUG 9335!; isotype: WIS!). Fig. | Arbuscula monoica scandens, foliis lanceolatis acuminatis triplinerviis, tri- chomata stellata plusminusve adpressa; glandulae laminae minutae: petioli glan- dulosi; inflorescentiae 5—6 cm longae, ad basin floribus 2 1-3; flos 2 pedicello 5— 7.5 mm longo; petala lineari-lanceolata, 44.5 mm longa, minus quam | mm lata: stamina 22-27, filamentis glabris; sepala integra, 2.5-3 mm longa; styli bifidi. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 357 TRG PNET ata Maen, fe AY Si & FIG. 1. Croton stenopetalus. A. Flowering ane x0.5. B. ee glands at base of leaf blade, ue C. Stellate-porrect trichomes, 10. D. Staminate cymule with one open flower, 2.5. E. Staminate flower, view from above, <6. F. Staminate flower, view from ee x6. G. Basal parts of stamens and petals, 10. H. Pistillate flower, <6. Rite) CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 This rare species, known only from two collections in cloud forest at 2000-2200 m in the Sierra de Manantldan, is distinctive because of its scandent habit and the very narrow petals in the d flower. It appears to be most similar to C. xalapensis, but in addition to its distinctive habit differs in its narrower and less densely pubes- cent leaf blades, which lack well-developed patelliform glands. Also, the 3 flowers are borne on longer pedicels and have narrower petals. ADDITIONAL SPECIMEN EXAMINED. JALISCO: Mpio. Toliman, 3 km W of El Terrero, Santana & Ceballos 4559 (IBUG). 2-2.3. Croton suberosus Kunth in H. B. K., Nov. gen. sp. 2: 86. 1817.—Type: Mexico. Guerrero: Acapulco, Manoa & Bonpland 3862 (holotype: P- HBK!). Croton cladotrichus Mill. Arg., Linnaea 34: 124. 1865.—T ype: Mexico. Unknown collector, “Herb. Pavén” (holotype: G!). Croton purpusit Brandegee, Univ. California Publ. Bot. 6: 184. 1915.—Type: Mexico. Oaxaca: San Gerénimo, Purpus 7146 (holotype: UC!). In general, C. suberosus resembles other species of sect. Cyclostigma in its large cordate leaves, elongate stipules, and dendritic indumentum; however, it lacks petiolar glands and bisexual cymules in the inflorescence, and it has smooth (rather than ribbed) seeds. Its position therefore must be regarded as anomalous. It is curious that this species, which extends along the Pacific Coast lowlands (elev. 300-400 m or less) to Guerrero and Oaxaca, has not been collected in Nayarit. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Escuinapa de Hidalgo, forest along MEX-15 ca. 11 mi N of Nayarit border, Clarke et al. 1547-5 (DAV); Mpio. Mazatlan, N of Mazatlan, Mexia 55, 1097, Shreve 7813 (MO).—Duranco: Mpio. Toyaltita, 54 km SW de San Miguel de Cruces, Tenorio & Romero 6247 (DAV; identity doubtful).—Jatisco: Mpio. La Huerta, 15 km NE of Juan Gil Preciado, Flores et al. 2767 (DAV).—Couma: 10 mi S of Colima, Webster & Breckon 16102 (DAV).—MICHOACAN: Mpio. Aquila, 4 km E of Rio Motin del Oro, Tucker 2953 (CAS). 3. Croton section Eluteria Griseb., FI. Brit. W. Ind. 39. 1859. Croton subg. Eluteria (Griseb.) Pax & Hoffm., Nat. Pflanzenfam. 3(5): 38. 1890.—Tyre: Croton eluteria (L.) Sw. (based on Cluytia eluteria L.). This section is represented in Nueva Galicia by six species: C. fantzianus Seym., C. guatemalensis Lotsy, C. niveus Jacq., C. pseudoniveus Lundell, C. reflexifo- lius H. B. K., and C. schiedeanus Schltdl. They are readily distinguishable by the lepidote indumentum and well-developed petals in the @ flowers. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CROTON SECTION ELUTERIA IN WESTERN MEXICO 1. Leaf-blades pinnately veined; stamens 9-11, filaments glabrous; ovary lepidote. 3.1. C. schiedeanus. 1. Leaf-blades palmately veined; stamens 10-18, filaments glabrous or hirsutulous. 2. Ovary stellate-tomentose; scales often porrect; fruiting pedicel 4-5 mm long. 3.2. C. niveus. 2. Ovary lepidote; scales never porrect (except in C. fantzianus). 3. Stamens 10 or 11; fruiting pedicel 1-2 mm long; leaf blades sparsely oy abaxially. _ pseudoniveus. 3. Stamens 13-18; fruiting pedicel 1-15 mm long or more; leaf blades pole lepidote abaxially. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 359 a . Fruiting pedicel 1-3 mm long; bracts of ¢ flowers 2—2.5 mm long; scales sometimes porrect; seeds 7.5-8 mm long. 3.4. C. fantzianus. . Fruiting pedicel 5-12 (-15) mm long; bracts of ¢d flowers 0.5-2 mm eave scales never porrect 5. Inflorescences 8-22 cm long; fruits and seeds >10 mm long. 3.5. C. guatemalensis. 5. Inflorescences not over 6 cm long; fruits and seeds less than 10 mm long. 3.6 a ‘Gi reflexifolius. 3.1 Croton schiedeanus Schtdl., Linnaea 19: 243. 1847.—Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Misantla, Schiede 1126 (holotype: HAL!). This species, widespread mainly in lowland rain forests on the Gulf side of Mesoamerica from Veracruz to Panama and northern South America, is very rare in western Mexico, where it is known only from two stations in Nayarit. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. NAYARIT: Mpio. Compostela, 1-1.5 mi above Cucaracha, McVaugh 19200 (MICH); Mpio. San Blas, 2 km W of Cora towards Jalcocotan, Téllez 10057 (DAV, MEXU) 3.2 Croton niveus Jacq., Enum. Syst. Pl. 32. 1760.—Type: CoLomsia. Cartagena, 1857, Schott s.n. (neotype, here designated: MO 1905037!). Croton syringifolius Kunth in H. B. K., Nov. gen. sp. 2: 67. 1817.—T ype: MBIA. Bolivar: Turbaco, Humboldt & Bonpland 1437 (holotype: P- HBK!). Croton septemnervius McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 165. 1961.—T yee: Mexico. Colima: Manzanillo, Palmer 1058 in 1890 (holotype: MICH!). Although the synonymy of C. niveus is not extensive, this widespread Carib- bean and Mesoamerican species has been confused with various other species of sect. Eluteria. Unfortunately, no specimen of Jacquin appears to have survived, and his original diagnosis of 1760 is very inadequate: “foliis ovato-cordatis, serru- latis, dorso tomentosis.” In his book of 1763, Jacquin gave an illustration of a leaf and detailed description, which do seem to fit C. niveus as understood by most taxonomists. In describing Croton septemnervius from FNG, McVaugh (1961) may have been misled by the treatment of Miiller (1866: 518), who described the fruits of C. niveus as “lepidoto-puberulis” and those of C. reflexifolius as “molliter echinatis.” In fact, under the name C. septemnervius McVaugh provided the first accurate illus- tration and description of the stellate ovarian trichomes of C. niveus contrasted with the lepidote ones of C. reflexifolius and other Mexican taxa of sect. Eluteria. Burger and Huft (1995) question the consistency of this stellate vs. lepidote ovarian character, but examination of many specimens of C. niveus and other related species suggests that it does hold, as accepted by G6mez-Pompa (1966) and Howard (1989). h C. niveus is widespread from Mexico (Tamaulipas) south through Central America and the West Indies to northern South America, it has not been recorded from Michoacan, Nayarit, and Sinaloa. Usually it grows in lowland decidu- ous tropical woodland below 300 m, but occasionally ascends to nearly 1000 m. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALIsco: Mpio. La Huerta, Rancho Cuixmala, Guadalupe Ayala 1208, ae et al. 3645, 3700 (MICH, MO); Mpio. Cihuatlan, Playa de Cuastecomate, 8 km NW of Navidad, cVaugh & Koelz 1698 (MICH).—Co ima: Mpio. Manzanillo, 14 mi WNW of Santiago, McVaugh ee (MICH). 360 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 3.3. Croton pseudoniveus Lundell, Phytologia 1: 449. 1940.—Typre: Mexico. Sinaloa: Mpio. Rosario, Los Labrados, Mexia 92/ (holotype: MICH!; isotype: UC!). Recorded from Sonora south to Panama, this species is especially common in tropical deciduous woodlands along the Pacific lowlands (to 500 m) from Jalisco to Chiapas; curiously, it is unrecorded from Nayarit. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Culiacan, Baila, Abuya, Gonzalez Ortega 6567 (GH): Mpio. Pericos, Cerro Tecomate, Gentry 5722 (GH); Mpio. Mazatlan, Mazatlan, Gonzdlez Ortega 2027 O).—Jauisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Rancho Cuixmala, Lott 2862 (MICH, MO).—Cotmma: Mpio. Coli- ma, 10-11 mi S of Colima, McVaugh & Koelz 1051 (MICH), Webster & Breckon 16094 (DAV, MICH). 3.4. Croton fantzianus Seymour, Phytologia 43: 171. 1979.—Type: NicARAGUA. Nueva Segovia: Dipilto, Budier 6390 (holotype: FLAS; isotypes: DAV! MO! UC). This species, which superficially resembles C. pseudoniveus, has been misidenti- fied throughout much of its range. It occurs sporadically (below 1000 m) from Sonora to Oaxaca and then is disjunct to Nicaragua and Costa Rica, although it will probably be collected in northern Central America. It clearly differs from C. pseudoniveus in a number of characters, including bract size, number of stamens, and size of seeds. Apparently its closest relationship may be with C. niveus, with which it shares a porrect indumentum; however, it differs from that species in having more compact inflorescences, shorter fruiting pedicels, and larger seeds. The distribution and characters of C. fantzianus suggest the possibility that it could be of hybrid origin following crosses between C. niveus and C. pseudoniveus. However, arguing against the hypothesis of a recent hybrid origin is the presence of the aberrant form of C. fantzianus in Sonora (Steinmann & Felger 1997), where C. niveus has not been collected. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: Mpio. Alamos, Cerro la Calera, 12-14 km NW of Alamos, Steinmann et al. 94-154, Van Devender et al. 93-334 (DAV).—JA.isco: Mpio. San Martin de Bolafios, 11 km NE of Bolanos, Lott et al. 2108 (MEXU, TEX). 3.5. Croton guatemalensis Lotsy, Bot. Gaz. 20: 353. 1895.—Type: GUATEMALA. Santa Rosa: Santa Rosa, Heyde & Lux 3035 (holotype: F!). C. eluterioides Lotsy, Bot. Gaz. 20: 352. 1895.—Type: GUATEMALA. Santa Rosa: Santa Rosa, Heyde & Lux 3470 (holotype: F!). C. pyriticus Croizat, J. Arnold Arb. 26: 186. 1945.—Type: Costa Rica. Cartago: EI] Alto RR station on road to Cartago, Allen 66/ (holotype: A!). C. wilburi McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 166. 1961.—Type: Mexico. Jalisco: 10 mi S of Autlan, Wilbur & Wilbur 2431 (holotype: MICH!). The large-fruited North American species of sect. Eluteria that occur in cloud forests above 1500 m have been poorly understood, partly because material with both flowers and fruits is usually necessary for identification. Croizat (1942) re- garded C. guatemalensis and C. eluterioides as different species, with the latter being distinguished by larger rugose fruits. Croizat (1945) later described the large-fruited form as C. pyriticus, but provided no distinguishing characters. Stand- ley and Steyermark (1949) placed C. eluterioides in synonymy under C. guate- malensis; this is a rather unfortunate choice, because as pointed out by Croizat 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 361 (1942), the type material of C. guatemalensis lacks fruits. There is therefore some ambiguity in the application of the name, but in the absence of any countervailing evidence, the decision of Standley and Steyermark is followed here. The plants in Nueva Galicia, named C. wilburi by McVaugh (1961), are dis- tinctive in their larger coarser leaves, but in both flowers and fruits agree with C. guatemalensis. Whether C. wilburi can be recognized at a lower taxonomic level must await a critical revision of sect. Eluteria. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALIsco: Mpio. Autlan, 9 km E of Casimiro Castillo, //tis & Santana 30114 (MICH).—Cotma: Cerro Grande, 3.5 km SW of El Terrero, Cochrane et al. 11746 (IBUG, WIS). 3.6. Croton reflexifolius Kunth in H. B. K., Nov. gen. sp. 2: 68. 1817.—TyPeE: Mexico. “In maritimis prope Acapulco,” Humboldt & Bonpland (holo- type: P-HBK!). As construed here, C. reflexifolius is widespread in Mexico and perhaps occurs in Guatemala as well. It has been confused with both C. niveus and C. guatemalensis. Although it is usually readily distinguished from C. niveus by its lepidote ovarian scales and lack of porrect trichomes, the populations in Tamaulipas closely mimic that species in general aspect. Croton reflexifolius is less easily differentiated from C. guatemalensis, as pointed out by Burger and Huft (1995). There seems to be an ecological difference between the species; C. reflexifolius occurs mainly in drier forests below 1000 m and C. guatemalensis mostly in cloud forests above 1000 m. Yet, as indicated by G6mez-Pompa (1966), some collections from above 1000 m in Guatemala appear to be referable to C. reflexifolius. Clearly, more critical study of specimens in Chiapas and Guatemala is needed. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMEN. JALISCO: Mpio. La Huerta, Estacién Bioldgica Chamela, McVaugh 26256 (MICH). 4. Croton section Corylocroton G. L. Webster, Taxon 42: 806. 1993.—Type: Croton corylifolius Lam. This relatively small group of a half dozen Caribbean species is very close to sect. Ocalia, and both sections may be regarded as the American equivalents of the Old World sect. Croton. There are two species in western Mexico. KEY TO SPECIES OF CROTON SECTION CORYLOCROTON IN WESTERN MEXICO Fruiting pedicel 1-1.5 mm long; inflorescence with 3-7 ? flowers; seeds 2.9-3.3 mm long. 4.1. C. mevaughii. Fruiting pedicel 3-5 mm long; inflorescence with 1 or 2 @ flowers; seeds 4 mm long. 4.2. C. repens. 4.1. Croton mevaughii G. L. Webster, sp. nov.—Tyere: Mexico. Jalisco: Mpio. Cabo Corrientes, 5 km N of El Tuito, McVaugh 25521 (holotype: MICH!). Arbuscula monoica ().7—1.5 m alta; foliis ovatis vel ovato-lanceolatis, 3-9.5 cm longis, 2-5.5 cm latis, petiolis 3-9 mm longis; inflorescentiae 3-5 cm longae, ad basin floribus 2 3-7; pedicelli fructiferi 1-1.5 mm longi; semina 2.9-3.3 mm longa. It is highly appropriate to dedicate a new species to Rogers McVaugh, whose previous study of Croton in Nueva Galicia was an indispensable reference for the treatment in FNG. Although closely related to the widespread C. repens, C. mcvaughii 362 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 differs in its larger more pointed leaves, inflorescence with 3-7 (instead of | or 2) ? flowers, and smaller seeds. It has been recorded from oak woods and mixed broadleaf montane forest at 200-300 m. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARIT: Mpio. San Blas, 5 km NE of Miramar, Téllez 9772 (DAV).— Jaisco: Sierra las Vigas, San Juan Casala, Machuca Nunez 4456 (WIS); Mpio. Jocotepec, Cerro Viejo, Zapotitan de Hidalgo, Machuca Niifez 6375 (MICH). 4.2. Croton repens Schitdl., Linnaea 19: 237. 1847.—Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Haci- enda de La Laguna, Schiede 40 (holotype: B, destroyed; lectotype, here designated: HAL!) Although placed in sect. Cascarilla by Webster (1993), this species seems to fit sect. Corylocroton by virtue of its coarsely dentate, palmately veined leaves. It is widespread in oak savannas from Nayarit to Central America, mostly at eleva- tions below 1000 m. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAyARIT: Mpio. Nayar, | km N of Mesa de Nayar, Steinmann 1062 (DAV); Mpio. San Blas, 2-9 mi W of Jaleocotan, McVaugh & Koelz 694 (MICH).—Ja.isco: Mpio. Zapopan, 10 km N of Tesistan, Chazaro & Flores 6303 (TEX). 5. Croton section Anadenocroton G. L. Webster, Taxon 42: 806. 1993.—TypeE: Croton axillaris Mull. Arg Section Anadenocroton comprises nine or ten species, occurring from western Mexico to northern South America, and is represented by two species in western Mexico. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CROTON SECTION ANADENOCROTON IN WESTERN MEXICO Inflorescences terminal; leaf blades obtuse to rounded at base, stipules 0.5-1 mm broad (not foliose). 5.1. C. acapulcensis. Inflorescences axillary; leaf blades + cordate at base, stipules foliose, 1-2.5 mm broad. 5.2. C. alamosanus. 5.1. Croton acapulcensis Martinez Gordillo & J. Jiménez-Ram., Anales Inst. Biol. Univ. Nac. Auton. México, Bot. 60: 40. 1990.—Typre: MExico. Guerrero: Mpio. Acapulco, Parque Nacional “El Veladero,” Noriega 599 (holotype: FCME; isotype: MEXU). This species resembles C. sutup Lundell from eastern Mexico, but differs in its larger stamen number and shorter fruiting pedicels. Martinez Gordillo (1995) recorded C. acapulcensis only from Guerrero, but specimens collected in lowland deciduous woodlands of coastal Jalisco appear to represent this species. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALIsco: Mpio. La Huerta, Estacién Biolégica Chamela, Ayala & Lott 24, Lott 3836 (DAV, MICH), Gentry & Woodruff 74399 (MO). 5.2. Croton alamosanus Rose, Contr. U.S. Nat. Herb. 1: 111. 1891.—Type: Mexico. Sonora: Alamos, Rose 742 (lectotype. Be pean IS!) Croton blasianus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bo : 49. 1933.—Type: Mexico. Sinaloa: San Blas, Jones 23304 (holotype: boMn 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 363 Croton alamosanus is common in the deciduous thorn scrub of the Pacific lowland of western Mexico and sympatric with C. acapulcensis in the Chamela area. It is easily distinguished from C. acapulcensis by its foliose stipules, dioe- cious populations, and axillary inflorescences. It seems closer to C. axillaris Mill. Arg., a Gulf Coast species distributed from Veracruz to Nicaragua. Usually the latter species may be separated by its leaves with longer petioles and non-foliose stipules. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: Mpio. Alamos, Arroyo Las Rastras, Van Devender et al. 93-1463 (DAV).—StnaLoa: Mpio. Guamtchil, 10 mi N of Guamtchil, Dressler 976 (MO); Mpio. Culiacdn, Altata, Gentry 5442 (MICH, MO); Mpio. Mazatlan, vicinity of Mazatlan, Wright 1250 MO).—Nayanrit: Mpio. Nayar, Los Sabinos, Lomeli Sencién 2116 (DAV).—Jaisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Estacion Bioldgica Chamela, Bullock 1272, Lott 1102 (DAV, MICH).—MiIcuHoacan: Mpio. Aquila, Titzupan, Hinton 13824 (DAV, GH, MO). 6. Croton section Cascarilla Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 38. 1859. Cascarilla Adans., Fam. pl. 2: 355. 1763.—T ype: Croton cascarilla (L.) L. (based on Cluytia cascarilla L.). It is indicative of the biogeographic distinctiveness of the taxa of Croton in western Mexico that there is only a single local species belonging to the largest neotropical section. 6.1. Croton ortegae Standl., Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 22: 35. 1940.—Type: Mexico. Sinaloa: Mpio. Mazatlan, Loma Atravesada, Ortega 7019 (holotype: F- 670991!; isotype: US!). This apparently rare species is known only from the type collection, and no ¢ flowers have been seen. Its systematic position, therefore, remains problematical. Specimens of C. culiacanensis Croizat appear similar, but differ in smaller fruiting calyces with finer tomentum, and lack stipitate glands at the base of the leaf blade. 7. Croton section Velamea Baillon, Adansonia I, 4: 316. 1864.—LeEctTorypPE, desig- nated by Webster, 1993: Croton campestris A. St.-Hil. With nine species and several varieties, sect. Velamea is the largest and most complex group of Croton within FNG. It also presents the greatest number of taxonomic difficulties. There are evidently two species groups, which (pending a revision of all North American species of sect. Velamea) are not given formal designation at this time: Group 1, with entire leaves often copiously pubescent abaxially; and Group 2, with dentate sparsely pubescent leaves. Group 1 includes a variety of forms that have mostly passed under the names Croton flavescens Greenm., C. fragilis H. B. K., C. morifolius Willd., C. rze- dowskii M. Johnston, and C. sphaerocarpus H. B. K. Prolonged study of this complex suggests that most plants in FNG are referable to two polymorphic spe- cies, C. morifolius Willd. and C. roxanae Croizat. The relationship of the plants in Baja California with those on the mainland remains rather problematic, but it appears that C. caboensis and C. magdalenae may be the only species confined to Baja California (and offshore islands). 364 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CROTON SECTION VELAMEA IN WESTERN MEXICO |. Twigs stiffly hispid (hairs 2-2.5 mm long); leaf blades entire, strigose adaxially, appressed- stellate abaxially; pedicel and calyx of ¢ flowers stellate-pubescent. 8. C. tremulifolius. Twigs appressed-stellate to hirsute or hispid (but then hairs less than 2 mm long); leaf blades entire or dentate, strigose or stellate-pubescent ener eine to tomentose abaxially; pedicel and calyx of ¢ flowers glabrous to pubes . Leaves pple) dentate, cordate, thick, copiously me -pubescent; stipules obscure; seeds 6-7 mm long. 7.3. C. magdalenae. 2. Leaves entire, de to cordate at base, thin, sparsely to copiously pubescent; stipules absent to prominent; seeds often less than 6 mm long 3. Stipules subulate, (1—) 2-5 mm long; pedicel and eae of ¢ flowers stellate- aa leaf blades with the apex + abruptly cuspidate or acuminate (acume often with a subulate mucro, generally with the base cordate; petioles mostly oe long; inflorescences mostly at least 5 cm long. a Os ie . Stipules rudimentary or absent; pedicel and calyx of ¢ flowers stellate- eae to to almost glabrous; leaf blades rarely with the apex abruptly cuspidate or the base cor- date; petioles mostly <1 cm long; inflorescences mostly <5 cm long 4. Pedicel and calyx of ¢ flowers stellate-pubescent. 5. Leaf blades stellate-pubescent adaxially, stellate-tomentose ge seeds 4 5.2 mm long. ’ ioe) _C. mazapensis. 5. Leaf blades stellate-pubescent or + strigose adaxially, stellate- atte abaxially, never tomentose; seeds mostly 5 mm long or more. 6. Receptacle of 3 flowers glabrous or nearly so; Bis. glabrous to stellate- pubescent, not er hispid; — 55.8 mm long; leaf blades stellate- pubescent adax sonorae [variant with pubescent ¢ hire 6. Receptacle of . Pee moderately villose; petioles + porrect- ee se 5.5—-6.5 mm long; leaf blades + strigose adaxially 6: ee. 4. Pedicel of d flowers glabrous or nearly so; calyx of 3 flowers glabrous to sparsely stellate. 7. Leaf blades lanceolate, entire, + attenuate-acuminat 8. Leaf blades glabrescent ine aly, strigose when young; twigs ‘aa stellate to nearly glabrous; lower nodes of inflorescence often with 3 flow accompanying the ° flowers; seeds 3.8-4.6 mm long “aA, C. roxanae. caf blades stellate-scabrid adaxially; twigs densely porrect-hispid: lower nodes of inflorescence with ° flowers only; seeds 5—6.5 mm long. 5. C. sonorae. 7. Leaf blades ovate to elliptic, denticulate or coarsely dentate, obtuse or acute to abruptly acuminate Twigs appressed-stellate (stellate-tomentose on autumn twigs); leaf blades denticulate, petioles mostly 1-2 cm long; stamens 10 or 11; styles 4-6 mm long, glabrous 7.7. C. adspersus. 9. Twigs platen leaf blades coarsely dentate, petioles mostly 3-7 cm long stamens 13-15; styles ca. 3 mm long, sparsely stellate 7.9. C. ynesae. Group I. Leaves on flowering axes entire; stipules relatively well developed (0.5- 3 mm long). 7.1. Croton mazapensis Lundell, Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 7: 19. 1942.—Typr: Mexico, Chiapas: between Mazapa and Motozintla, Matuda 4834 (holo- type: MICH!). This species is morphologically very similar to C. morifolius; there appear to be no consistent differences in the reproductive stuctures. Croton mazapensis is sympatric with C. morifolius over large areas, but appears to grow in generally drier habitats. It seems expedient, therefore, to maintain it as a distinct species. Studies of the FNG specimens indicate that two varieties can be distinguished. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 365 7.1a. Croton mazapensis var. obtusifolius (Mill. Arg.) G. L. Webster, comb. nov. Croton morifolius var. obtusifolius Mull. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 641. 1866.—Tyee: Mexico. Oaxaca, Andrieux 109 (holotype: G). Croton gonzalezii Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39: 81. 1903.—TyPE: MEx- 1co. Jalisco: Mpio. San Juan Bautista Cuicatlan, Cuicatlan, V. Gonzalez 980 (holotype: GH!). Croton rzedowskii M. C. Johnston, Brittonia 20: 227. 1968.—Tyee: MExico. San Luis Potosi: Rioverde to San Ciro, Rzedowski 4543 (holotype: MICH!). When he described C. rzedowskii, Johnston (1968) commented that it was close to C. mazapensis. This seems evident, and it appears better to regard C. rzedowskii as an allopatric variety distinguished by a few characters, such as shorter inflorescences with a smaller number of 2 flowers. This variety barely enters the FNG area in upland savannas in Zacatecas, at 1500-2000 m. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. ZACATECAS: Mpio. Jalpa, 5 mi SW of Jalpa, McVaugh 18503, Rze- dowski 14205 (MICH). 7.1b. Croton mazapensis var. pacificus G. L. Webster, var. nov.—TyPE: MExIco. Jalisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Cerro Pedregoso, Pérez J. 1809 (holotype: DAV!). Croton mazapensis var. pacificus ab var. obtusifolio differt ramulis non hirtel- lis, foliis acutis non mucronulatis. In contrast to var. obtusifolius, which is found in open grassy terrain at much higher elevations (1500 m and above), var. pacificus appears to be restricted to lowland (<100 m) deciduous scrub or woodland. So far, there are only a few known collections of var. pacificus, all from the coast between southwestern Jalisco and Mazatlan (Sinaloa). A remarkable specimen from near Mazatlan (Eyerdam & Beetle 8683, UC) probably represents var. pacificus, although the leaf blades are glabrous adaxially and tomentose abaxially, as in the eastern Mexican Croton cortesianus Kunth; however, the Sinaloan specimen differs from that species in its bisexual inflores- cences and appressed stem pubescence. It may be an aberrant form of var. pacift- cus, but needs further study in the field. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALISco: Mpio. La Huerta, Cumbres de Cuixmala, El Salto, Acevedo 998 (DAV).—Sinaoa: hill of wireless station, Mazatlan, Ferris 50006 (DS); Mpio. Mazatlan, Maza- tlan, Howell 10547 (CAS). 7.2. Croton morifolius Willd., Sp. pl. 4: 535. 1805.—Type: VENEZUELA: Cumana, Humboldt & Bonpland (holotype: B-W-17854!). This common species extends from the Pacific and Gulf coastal slopes of Mexico to northern Colombia and Venezuela. It occurs in seasonal forest and scrub, and sometimes reaches cloud forest above 1000 m. In Mexico, there are three varieties, all represented in the FNG area. One or more of these taxa have been recognized as distinct species (e.g., by Martinez-Gordillo 1995), and their rank is still subject to investigation. I believe that because there are indications of intergradation among the three, they are best treated as varieties. 366 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 KEY TO THE VARIETIES OF CROTON MORIFOLIUS I. Twigs appressed-stellate (dendritic hairs rare or absent); ovary and capsule rounded or angled, indumentum of ovary whitish or yellowish. 2. Ovary and capsule distinctly angled. 7.2a. C. morifolius var. brandegeanus. Ovary and capsule rounded. 7.2b. C. morifolius var. morifolius. 1. Twigs floccose with stipitate-stellate and dendritic hairs: ovary and capsule rounded, indu- mentum + brownish. 7.2c. C. morifolius var. sphaerocarpus. 7.2a. Croton morifolius var. brandegeanus (Croizat) G. L. Webster, comb. nov. Croton flavescens var. brandegeanus Croizat, J. Arnold Arb. 26: 187. 1945.—T ype: Mexico. Sonora: 4 mi N of Nacori, Wiggins & Rollins 391 (holotype: A!). Croton flavescens Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 39(5); 81. 1903.—T ype: Mexico. Michoacan: Monte Leon, Pringle 8667 (holotype: GH!). Although mature specimens of var. brandegeanus are very easily recognized by the angular ovaries and fruits, vegetatively the plants are almost indistinguish- able from var. morifolius. In general, var. brandegeanus occurs further to the north and west in Mexico than the other two varieties: it occurs in a surprisingly wide range of habitats, from tropical deciduous forest to cloud forest, at eleva- tions of 150-1600 m. In the FNG area, it is to some extent sympatric with var. sphaerocarpus, but the two have not been found at the same locality. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: Mpio. Alamos, San Bernardo, Gentry 1488 (UC).—Cuinua- HUA: Mpio. Batopilas, La Bufa, Soulé 572 (MO): Areponapuchic, Barranca de Urique, Knobloch 1341 (MICH).—SinaALoa: Mpio. Culiacan, Culiacan, 18 Aug 1904, Brandegee s.n. (UC); Mpio. Rosario, El Monte, near Los Labrados, Mexia 929 (MO).—Nayarir: Mpio. Nayar, Jestis Maria, Norris & Taranto 13948 (MICH).—Zacatecas: Mpio. Moyhahua, San José, Rzedowski 20252 (MICH).—JALisco: Mpio. Tuxcacuesco, 5-6 km ENE of Zenzontla, Santana & Benz 5907 (DAV, WIS).—MIcHOACAN: Mpio. Apatzingan, canyon below Acahuato, Leavenworth & Hoogstraal 1545, 1550 (MO). 7.2b. Croton morifolius var. morifolius. Croton morifolius var. genuinus Miill. Arg., Linnaea 34: 125. 1865. Croton sericeus Schltdl. & Cham., Linnaea 5: 85, 1830, non Croton sericeus Lam., 1786. Croton deppeanus Steud., Nomencl. Bot., ed. 2, 1: 446 Croton fragilis [var.] sericeus (Schltdl. & Cham.) Miill. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 642. 1866.—Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Plan del Rio, Schiede 59 (holo- type: HAL!). This is the most widespread of the varieties, occurring from eastern Caribbean Venezuela north to Nayarit and Veracruz. Generally, it is found in deciduous woodlands at lower elevations (usually below 1000 m) than the other two varieties. In the FNG area, it has been recorded in a few localities in Nayarit, Jalisco, and Colima. Specimens from Veracruz, including the type of C. sericeus Schltdl. & Cham., are distinctive in their larger leaves, often with an elongate apical mucro; it is possible that further study may demonstrate that they are varietally distinct. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. Nayarit: Mpio. Tepic, Colorado de la Mora, Lomeli Senci6n 2062 (DAV).—Jauisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Cuixmala, Cerro de Alborada, Castillo 5314 (DAV).—Co.ima: Mpio. Colima, 5 mi S of Colima, McVaugh 15507 (MICH). 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 367 7.2c. Croton morifolius var. sphaerocarpus (Kunth in H. B. K.) Mill. Arg., Linnaea 34: 125. 1865. Croton sphaerocarpus Kunth in H. B. K., Nov. gen. sp. 2: 84, pl. 105. 1817.—Type: Mexico. Michoacan: Volcan Jorullo, Hum- boldt & Bonpland s.n. (holotype: P-HBK!, fragment: A!). Although it extends to Nayarit and Zacatecas, this variety occurs in gallery and tropical montane forests, generally at higher elevations (up to 1900 m) than the other two; it is the only variety found in the Sierra Madre Oriental in Querétaro, Puebla, and Hidalgo. A good argument could be made for recognizing it as a distinct species. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. Nayarit: Mpio. Ahuacatldn, 5-10 mi SE of Ahuacatlan towards Barranca del Oro, Feddema 272, McVaugh 16359 (MICH).—Jatisco: Mpio. Tapalpa, El Salto, Rio Jiquilpan, Lott 374 (MICH).—Co.tma: Mpio. Comala, Rancho E] Jabali, 22 km NW of Colima, Lott 2912, Vazquez 476, Sanders 10324 (MICH).—Micuoacan: Mpio. Sahuayo, 8 mi NW of Sahuayo, McVaugh 18190 (MICH).—Guanasuato: Mpio. Leon, 4.5 km ENE of Alfaro, Galvan 3087 (MO). 7.3. Croton magdalenae Millsp., Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 2: 220. 1889.— Tyre: Mexico. Baja California Sur: Isla Magdalena, 17 Jan 1889, Brande- gee s.n. (holotype: F; isotype: UC!). Croton boregensis M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18: 48. 1933.—TypE: Mexico. Baja California Sur: Laguna Mts., Borrego Ranch, Jones 27496 (holotype: POM, isotype: UC!). The most common woody Croton in Baja California, this species occurs from the Sierra Judrez south to Cabo San Lucas in lowland xeric scrub (from sea level to 700 m). It is similar in many ways to C. morifolius, but differs in its thicker + obscurely dentate leaves, abaxially villose petals of d flowers, and larger fruits and seeds. Plants on the islands in the Sea of Cortez have smaller, thicker leaves, but appear conspecific. Wiggins (1980) distinguished C. boregensis by its truncate rather than cordate leaf bases, but the leaves of the isotype are clearly cordate. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA: Sierra Judrez, Cafién Diablito, Webster 18264 AV).—Basa CAiFoRNIA Sur: Sierra de la Giganta, Carter & Ferris 3886 (DAV, UC); Sierra de la Victoria E of Todos los Santos, Chambers 887 (US); Cayuca Ranch, Loreto, Jones 27498 (MO); W of Volcan Las Tres Virgenes, Webster 26163 (DAV). Isla del Carmen: Puerto Ballandra, Wiggins 17507 (DAV, DS); Agua Grande, Johnston 4143 (MO). Steinmann and Felger (1997) reported C. magdalenae from Isla Tiburon, Sonora. 7.4, Croton roxanae Croizat, J. Arnold Arb. 21: 81. 1940.—Type: Mexico. Nayarit: Islas Tres Marias, Maria Madre, Ferris 560] (holotype: A!; isotype: DS!). Leaf blades elliptic to lanceolate, caudate-acuminate, glabrescent adaxially (often becoming almost glabrous in age); stipules obsolete; pedicels of 3d flowers glabrous or nearly so; inflorescences often with bisexual lower cymules. There has been more confusion about the identity of this common species than any other species of Croton in FNG. It occurs mostly in lowland deciduous woodlands, but sometimes reaches oak forest above 1000 m. Most of the collec- tions here referred to C. roxanae have been identified as C. fragilis H. B. K. or C. rhamnifolius H. B. K., both based on types from South America. The type material of C. fragilis from Cumana, Venezuela (Humboldt 97, P-HBK!) was described by 368 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Kunth as having the upper leaf surface stellate rather than strigose and the twigs tomentose-pilose, characters that do not suggest the plants from FNG. Further- more, the type collection of C. fragilis is so imperfect that the identity of the species must remain doubtful; there seems little justification for applying the name C. fragilis to Mexican plants. Croton rhamnifolius (syntypes from Prov. Sucre, Venezuela, Humboldt in Herb. Willdenow 17853, B) presents problems of a dif- ferent nature. It seems probable that several different species are included in Miiller’s very broad circumscription of 1866. The type variety, C. rhamnifolius sensu stricto, has tomentose stems, the leaves more short-pointed, and ¢ flowers with a puberulent calyx and copiously villose receptacle (in contrast to the nearly glabrous receptacle of C. roxanae). It appears that the least unsatisfactory alternative is to apply the name Croton roxanae to this highly variable complex of populations in western Mexico. There frankly remains some doubt about the relationship between the rather poorly known plants from the Islas Tres Marias and those on the mainland. ) REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA! Mpio. Rosario, Los Labrados, Ferris & Mexia 5242 (A).— Nayarit: Mpio. San Blas, 12 mi NE of Singayta, Webster & Lynch 17071 (DAV, MICH).—Jauisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Estaci6n Biolégica Chamela, Bullock 932, Delgado 294, Lott & Ayala 29, Pérez 683 (MICH).—Co.ima: Mpio. Manzanillo, gorge of Rio Cihuatlan 13 mi N of Santiago, McVaugh 15837 (MICH).—Micnoacan: Mpio. Coalcoman de Matamoros, Coalcoman, Hinton 13850 (MICH). 7.5. Croton sonorae Torrey in Emory, Rept. Bot. Mex. Bound. Surv. 194, 1859,— Type: Mexico. Sonora: “Sierra de Nayos,” Jul 1855, A. Schott s.n. (holo- type: NY, photograph: DAV!),. Croton pringlei S. Watson, Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 20: 373. 1885.—TypE: Mexico. Sonora: “northwestern mountains,” Pringle 569 (holotype: GH!: isotype: US!). Croton attenuatus M. E. Jones, Contr. W. Bot. 18: 47. 1933.—Type: MEXIco. Baja California Sur: Sierra Giganta, Cayuca ranch, Jones 27500 (holotype: RSA This species, common in the Sonoran Desert, is typically easy to recognize by its small rigid leaves with sparse scabrid indumentum. Larger-leaved forms, such as occur in Baja California, can mimic C. roxanae or forms of C. mazapensis. However, usually the pedicel of 3 flowers is stellate-pubescent in C. sonorae, and the seeds are larger than in C. roxanae. The absence of C. sonorae from Sinaloa is unexpected, in view of its presence in Baja California Sur. It is also surprising that C. sonorae is sympatric with C. caboensis and C. magdalenae in Baja California Sur, but does not occur further north in the peninsula. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA Sur: Sierra de la Giganta, S of Tinaja de Naucajoa, Carter 4480 (DAV, UC); Mesa del Protrero de San Javier, Carter 4963 (UC); 17 mi S of La Paz, Webster & Murphey 24344 (DAV).—Sonora: Mpio. Guaymas, Punta Narizon, Webster & Dehgan 19747 (DAV). — 7.6. Croton caboensis Croizat, J. Arnold Arb. 26: 181. 1945.—Type: Mexico. Baja California Sur: Todos Santos, 4 Oct 1899, Brandegee s.n. (holotype: UC!). Croizat characterized this species as an outstanding segregate from the “group of C. fragilis” because of its strigose leaves, large seeds, and hispid ovary. These characteristics are indeed distinctive in separating it from C. mazapensis and C. morifolius. In semi-xeric deciduous woodlands and scrub in Baja California Sur C. caboensis is sympatric with both C. magdalenae and plants referred to C. sonorae by Annetta Carter. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 369 REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA SuR: Sierra de la Giganta, 3.5 km NE of San José de Agua Verde, Carter 4834 (DAV, MO, UC); Cafién de la Cumbre, Carter 4849 (MO, UC); San José del Cabo, Brandegee 549 (UC). Group 2. Leaves on flowering axes serrulate to coarsely dentate, stipules rudi- mentary. In contrast to the taxa of Group 1, the species of Group 2 are restricted to northern Mesoamerica. Croton adspersus Benth. reaches Guatemala at its southern limit, C. ynesae Croizat is found from Jalisco to Guerrero, and C. tremulifolius Croizat is endemic to Colima. A character of possible systematic importance is the production of smaller densely tomentose leaves during the dry season in both C. adspersus and C. ynesae; possibly C. tremulifolius will show the same behavior. Apparently, compara- ble short-shoots with densely tomentose leaves do not occur in taxa of Group 1| 7.7. Croton adspersus Benth., Pl. Hartwegianae 51. 1840.—Type: Mexico. Micho- acan: Morelia, Hartweg 389 (holotype: K!). Croton calvescens S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 26: 147. 1891.—TyPE: Mexico. Jalisco: Chapala, Palmer 706 in 1886 (holotype: GH!). Croton botryocarpus Croizat, Field Mus. Publ. Bot. 22: 445. 1942.—T ype: Gua- TEMALA. Jalapa: Jalapa, Standley 77519 (holotype: A!). Croton adspersus is widespread and common in oak-pine forests above 1500 m in the Sierra Volcdnica Transversal, in Mexico from Jalisco to Chiapas and in Guatemala. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JaLisco: Mpio. Tapalpa, 1-2 mi E of Tapalpa, McVaugh 20515 (MICH).—MicuHoacan: Mpio. San José de Gracia, 6 km NE of San José, Rzedowski 15504 (MICH); Mpio. Tancitaro, 2 mi S of Tancitaro, Leavenworth 603 (MO); Mpio. Morelia, 16 mi E of Morelia, Webster & Breckon 16142 (DAV). 7.8. Croton tremulifolius Croizat, J. Arnold Arb. 21: 83. 1940.—Type: Mexico. Colima: hill between Cuyutlan Lagoon and the ocean, Ferris 6176 (holo- type: A!; isotype: CAS!). Croton tremulifolius is rare in coastal deciduous woods below 100 m in south- ern Jalisco and adjacent Colima. An anomalous specimen (Sanders 8472) from Rancho Jabali, Colima, lacks hispid stems. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALISCO: Mpio. La Huerta, Playa Perula adjacent to Bahia Chamela, Mayfield 1631 (DAV).—Co.ima: Mpio. Manzanillo, 5 km E of Manzanillo, Diaz Luna 3324 (MICH); Playa Campos, 4-5 km S of Manzanillo, Orcutt 4504 (CAS, MO). 7.9. Croton ynesae Croizat, J. Arnold Arb. 21: 83. 1940.—Type: Mexico. Jalisco: Mpio. Puerto Vallarta, Santa Cruz de Vallarta, Mexia 1279 (holotype: A!; isotype: MO!). Croton ynesae occurs in mixed deciduous or oak forests at 300 to 1200 m from Nayarit to Guerrero. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARIT: Mpio. Ruiz, between El Venado and Zopilote, Breedlove & Almeda 45206, 60679 (CAS); Mpio. Santa Marfa del Oro, lake NE of Santa Maria, Feddema 753 (MICH), Webster 19917 (DAV).—Jatisco: Mpio. Tecalitlan, 5 mi SW of Tecalitlan, McVaugh 15451 (MICH).—Co.ima: Mpio. Minatitlan, 9 km NE of Minatitlan, McVaugh 26235 (MICH). 370 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 8. Croton section Geiseleria (Klotzsch) Baillon, Etude Euphorb. 359. 1858.— Tyre: Geiseleria chamaedryfolia Klotzsch [=Croton trinitatis Millsp. ]. There are five species of this section in western Mexico, two of them recently described. Steinmann (1998) pointed out that C. cupuliferus and his new species C. martinianus belong to sect. Geiseleria. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CROTON SECTION GEISELERIA IN WESTERN MEXICO . Leaf blades subentire. 2. Shrub to 3 m, leaves stellate-lepidote abaxially; 2 flowers appressed to inflorescence axis. 8.1. C. chamelensis. 2. Perennial herb or subshrub less than 0.5 m; leaves stellate-lanate abaxially; 2 flowers not ppressed to inflorescence axis. 8.2. C. varelae. . Leat blades coarsely dentate. 3. Bracts subtending 3 flowers <1 mm long, lacking bottle-shaped glands at base; sepals of 2 flowers slightly unequal, linear to oblanceolate, the larger 2~2.5 mm long in fruit; leaf blades acuminate, strigose or appressed-stellate adaxially; seeds 3.5-4 mm long; scarcel woody shrub to | m high. 8.3. C. cupuliferus, 3. Bracts subtending d flowers at least 2 mm long, subtended by bottle-shaped glands; sepals of 2 flowers distinctly unequal, linear to oblanceolate to spathulate, the larger >3 mm long in fruit; leaf blades obtuse to acute, stellate or tomentose on both faces: seeds 2.6-3.3 mm long; herbs mostly 0.5 m high or less. 4. Perennials with appressed-stellate to tomentose stems; leaf blades sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent adaxially; receptacle of 3 flowers densely villous; sepals of 2 flowers oblanceolate to spathulate, the larger 3.5-4 mm long; seeds 3-3.3 mm long. — 8.4. C. martinianus. 4. Annuals with hirsute-hispid stems; leaf blades strigose adaxially; receptacle of ¢ flowers glabrous or nearly so; sepals of 2 flowers linear to oblanceolate, the larger 4-6.5 mm long; seeds 2.6-3.1 mm long. 8.5. C. hirtus. 8.1. Croton chamelensis E. J. Lott, Brittonia 39: 302. 1987—Type: MExico. Jalisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Estacion Biolégica Chamela, Pérez Jiménez 1391 (holo- type: MEXU; isotype: DAV!). This species, with disjunct stations in Nayarit, Jalisco, and Guerrero, appears to be restricted to deciduous woodlands at low elevations (<200 m). Croton cha- melensis appears very different from the other local species and is closely related to C. ramillatus Croizat of eastern Mexico. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARIT: Mpio. Nayar, La Nopalera, Flores-Franco 2799 (MICH).— JAtisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Estaci6n Biolégica Chamela, Bullock 1924, Lott et al, 557, 1677, 1730 (MICH). 8.2. Croton varelae V. W. Steinm., Aliso 19: 182. 2001.—Type: Mexico. Nayarit: Mpio. Nayar, | km N of Mesa de Nayar, Steinmann et al. 1063 (holotype: RSA; isotype: DAV!). Croton varelae is known only from the type collection gathered in oak-pine woods at 1300 m. This species appears very distinct from the other Mexican taxa of sect. Geiseleria. 8.3. Croton cupuliferus McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 163. 1961—Type: Mexico. Colima: Mpio. Manzanillo, 14 mi WNW of Santiago, McVaugh 20771 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: DAV!). 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS Syl Croton cupuliferus occurs in deciduous woodlands below 1000 m in Jalisco and Colima. This species is very similar in aspect to C. martinianus, but differs from that and the other species of sect. Geiseleria in the lack of bottle-shaped glands at the base of the bracts subtending the ¢ flowers. If it were not for its close resemblance to C. martinianus, it could be assigned to sect. Corylocroton. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMEN: JALISCO: Mpio. La Huerta, Chamela, Cerro Maderas, Lott et al. 1829 (DAV, MICH). 8.4. Croton martinianus V. M. Steinm., Novon 8: 81. 1998.—Type: Mexico. Sonora: Mpio. Alamos, Sierra de Alamos, 2 km SW of Alamos, Steinmann 954 (holotype: ARIZ; isotype: DAV!). Croton martinianus is found in tropical deciduous forest and oak woodland at 500-1200 m from southern Sonora to Jalisco. As noted by Steinmann (1998), there is dimorphism in leaf pubescence, the tomentose plants apparently developing during the dry season. This has not been noted in C. cupuliferus, unless the ques- tionable specimens from northern Jalisco cited for C. martinianus really belong to C. cupuliferus. TATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: Mpio. Alamos, 2 km SW of Alamos (topotype), Steinmann 93- 309 (DAV): Arroyo Gochico, ca. 10 km E of San Bernardo, Steinmann et al. 606 (DAV) SINALOA: Mpio. Salvador Alvarado, N of Terrero, Bojérquez 688 (MEXU).—Jauisco: Mpio. San Crist6bal de la Barranca, 1 km NE of a Cristébal, Lomeli Senci6n 2010 (DAV); Mpio. Zapopan, 30 km N of Zapopan, Rodriguez et al. 1416 (WIS). 8.5. Croton hirtus L’Her., Stirp. nov. 17, pl. 9. 1785. Croton glandulosus [var.] hirtus (L’Her.) Mill. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 684. 1866. Croton glandu- losus subsp. hirtus (L’Her.) Croizat, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 75: 401. 1948.— Type: FRENCH Guiana. L. Richard s.n. (syntypes: P-LA!; P-JU 16358!). This widespread weed has often been confused with C. glandulosus L., which so far has not been encountered in western Mexico. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Culiacan, Culiacan, Sep 1904, Brandegee s.n. (UC).— Jatisco: Mpio. La Huerta, just N of La Huerta, Wilbur 36715 (DUKE).—Co.ima: Mpio. Colima, ee Palmer Ge in 1897 (MICH, UC).—MicHoacan: Mpio. Aquila, Playa Cocula, Wilbur 36633 (DUKE). 9, Croton section Gynamblosis (Torr.) A. Gray, Manual, ed. 2, 392. 1856.—TvPeE: Croton monanthogynus Michx. 9.1. Croton pedicellatus Kunth in H. B. K., Nov. gen. sp. 2: 75, pl. 104. 1817.— Type: Peru. Cajamarca: Pongo de Rentema, Humboldt & Bonpland (holo- type: P-HBK). Croton tenuilobus S. Wats., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 21: 439. 1886.—TyYPE: Mexico. Chihuahua: Hacienda San José, Palmer 29 (holotype: GH). McVaugh (1961) appears correct in including C. tenuilobus in C. pedicellatus, which is widespread in South America, but in North America is known only from western Mexico in thorn forests or woodlands. ae CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: 9.7 mi by road S of Nuri, Turner & ae 77-26 (UC).— Nayarit: Mpio. Nayar, 32.5-40 km NE of Jestis Maria, Flores & Tenorio 966, 1009 (DAV, MICH, MEXU).—Jauisco: Mpio. Chapala, 9 mi W of Chapala, Webster & Lynch ae (DAV, MICH).— MicHoacan: Mpio. Coalcoman de Matamoros, Coalcomaén, Hinton 12690 (MICH, UC). 10. Croton section Julocroton (Mart.) G. L. Webster, J. Arnold Arb. 48: 354. 1967. Julocroton Mart., Flora 20, Beibl. 2: 119. 1837.—Type: Julocroton phagedaenicus Mart. [= Croton triqueter Lam.| Although Julocroton was reduced to a section of Croton over thirty years ago (Webster 1967), it is still treated by some as a distinct genus. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CROTON SECTION JULOCROTON IN WESTERN MEXICO Annual herb with silvery foliage; leaf blades rounded to acute at apex; bracts entire; petals of 3 d flower glabrous; disk of 2 flower asymmetrically lobed. 10.1. C. argenteus. Shrub, foliage with brownish hairs; leaf blades acute to acuminate at apex; bracts apically laciniate; petals of 5 flower pubescent; disk of 2 flower lunate, entire. 10.2. C. conspurcatus. 10.1. Croton argenteus L., Sp. pl. 1004. 1753. Julocroton argenteus (L.) Didr., Vidensk. Meddel. Dansk Naturh. Foren. Kj@benhavn 1857: 134. 1857.— Type: specimen in the Hortus Cliffortianus Herbarium (holotype: BM!). Croton argenteus ranges from southern Texas and Mexico to South America, but it is rare in western Mexico and apparently recently introduced there. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMEN, JALISCO: Mpio. La Huerta, 3 km W of Quémaro, Guadalupe Ayala 916 (DAY). 10.2. Croton conspurcatus Schltdl., Linnaea 7: 380. 1832. Julocroton conspurcatus (Schltdl.) Klotzsch, Arch. Naturgesch. 7: 193. 1841. Ee (riqueter var. conspurcatus (Schitdl.) Miill. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 705. 1866.— Type: Mexico. Veracruz: Tioselo [Teocelo], Schiede 39 oe HAL). Like C. argenteus, C. conspurcatus is common in eastern Mexico but rare and perhaps recently introduced into western Mexico. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALISCO: Mpio. La Huerta, Cumbres de Cuixmala, El Salto, Acevedo’ et al. 999 (DAV, WIS); Mpio. Tuxcacuesco, 5-6 | km ENE of Zenzontla, Santana & Benz 592] (DAV, WIS). 11. Croton section Adenophyllum Griseb., Fl. Brit. W. Ind. 40. 1859.—Type: Croton adenophyllus Spreng. This section, characterized by stipitate glands on leaves, stipules, and sometimes calyces, is represented by five species in western Mexico. Except for the common C. ciliatoglanduliferus, the species are poorly sampled and inadequately understood. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF CROTON SECTION ADENOPHYLLUM IN WESTERN MEXICO 1. Leaf blades ovate to lanceolate, >1 cm broad; styles multifid; stamens 11-45. 2. Leaf blades with copious stipitate marginal glands, tomentose abaxially; stipules dissected into gland-tipped cilia 2-5 mm long; stamens 25-45. 11.1. C. ciliatoglanduliferus. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS SHIe) 2. Leaf blades with scattered (usually very sparse) stipitate marginal glands, sparsely stel- late-pubescent abaxially; stipules dissected into cilia 0.5-2 mm long; stamens 11-1 3. Fruiting pedicel 4-5.5 mm long; seeds 5.2—-5.6 mm long. 11.2. C. jucundus. 3. Fruiting pedicel 1.5-3.5 mm long; seeds 3.7-4 mm long. 11.3. C. subjucundus. 1. Leaf blades linear, <1 cm broad; styles bifid; stamens 10- 4. Leaf blades stellate-tomentose abaxially, margins often an stipitate glands; stipules een dular- Scie bracts of ¢ flowers glandular-dissected; sepals of 2 flowers with co stipitate glan 11.4. C. yecorensis. 4. Leaf blades ee abaxially, margins without glands; stipules rudimentary; bracts of 3 flowers subulate, glandular at base; sepals of 2 flowers sparsely glandular. 11.5. C. michaelii. 11.1. Croton ciliatoglanduliferus Ortega, Nov. pl. descr. dec. 51. 1797 (“C. cili- atoglanduliferum”). Croton penicillatus Vent., Choix pl. 12, pl. 12. 1803, nom. superfl—Type: based on living material cultivated at the Madrid Botanical Garden from seed sent by Sessé.—[MeExico.] “Nueva Espana,” Sessé & Mocirio s.n. (neotype, here designated: G-Barbey-Boissier! ). This extremely common species, barely reaching southern Texas, is wide- spread in Mexico from Sonora and Tamaulipas to Chiapas and Quintana Roo, continuing into Central America. In Nueva Galicia, it is common in disturbed deciduous forest or scrub from sea level to 1800 m In the protologue, Ortega wrote “Habitat in Insula Cuba” and “é seminibus missis per D. Sessé”; however, the species is not known from Cuba, and presum- ably was grown from seeds collected in Mexico by Sessé and sent to Havana. From the discussions of McVaugh (2000), it appears that Sessé and Mocifo col- lected the species in Mexico several times, but misdetermined it as Croton humile L.: this name was used on the plate Ic. Fl. Mex. 221 and DC. 1120. The specimen at G labelled C. humile by Pavon and determined by Miller Argoviensis as C. ciliatoglanduliferus is certainly authentic, and is here designated as the neotype. Additional specimens are enumerated by McVaugh (2000). REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA Sur: Rancho San Antonio, E side of Sierra San Francisco, Moran 23811 (DAV).—Sonora: Mpio. Alamos, 1 mi SW of Alamos, sa 3671 (DAV).— SinaLoa: Mpio. San Ignacio, 6 mi NW of Elota, Webster 19836 (DAV).— ARIT: Mpio. Tepic, Volcan Geer 10-13 km NW of Jala, Téllez & Miller 10578 (MICH). ae Mpio. Autlan de Navarro, 14-15 mi N of Autlin, Webster & Breckon 15984 (DAV).—MicHoacan: Mpio. Jacona, Jacona, Moore 140 (UC). —Guanasuato: Mpio. Silao, Chichiniequillas, Galvan 3386 (MO). 11.2. Croton jucundus Brandegee, Zoe 5: 205. 1905.—T ype: Mexico. Sinaloa: Mpio. Culiacdn, Yerba Buena, 10 Oct 1904, Brandegee (holotype: UC!). The distinctions between C. jucundus and C. subjucundus are still poorly understood, because available material for examination is inadequate. As remarked by Croizat, C. jucundus appears to have larger flowers and seeds than C. subju- cundus. It may possibly prove more logical to treat these two taxa as allopatric varieties of a single species. The seed size of the specimens from the Islas Tres Marias agrees better with C. subjucundus, so assignment of these collections must be regarded as provisional. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARIT: Islas Tres Marias, Marfa Madre, Howell 10415 (A, CAS), 10496A (CAS) 374 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 11.3. Croton subjucundus Croizat, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 69: 451, 1942.—Type: Mexico. Sonora: Navajoa, Drouet & Richards 3923 (holotype: A!). As indicated by Steinmann and Felger (1997), this species is known only from three collections from thorn scrub areas in southern Sonora. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMEN. SONORA: Mpio. Huatabampo, arroyo 1 mi N of Bachoco, 27 Dec 1986, Martin & O'Rourke s.n. (DAV). 11.4. Croton yecorensis V. M. Steinm. & Felger, Novon 8: 207. 1998.—Typr: Mex- Ico. Sonora: Mpio. Sahuaripa, 4 km SSW of Mulatos, Felger & Buirquez 94-574 (holotype: ARIZ; isotype: DAV!). Although the documented localities of C. yecorensis are slightly north of the 28th parallel, it appears quite possible that this species will be encountered to the south. The affinities of C. yecorensis are problematic, as remarked by the Stein- mann and Felger (1998). Because of various characters, including its bifid rather than quadrifid styles, the species technically does not reside within the boundaries of sect. Adenophyllum:; however, the glandular-stipitate indumentum and dissected stipules suggest that it fits better here than in any other North American section. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: Mpio. Sahuaripa, 4 km SSW of Mulatos, Felger & Burquez 94-578 (DAV); Mpio. Yécora, Rancho La Pinosa, 10 km W of Rio Maicoba bridge on MEX-16, Felger et al. 94-331 (DAV). 11.5. Croton michaelii V. M. Steinm., Aliso 19: 184. 2001—Typre: MEXIco. Durango: Mpio. Durango, Sierra de Cacaria, 5 km W of El Carmen, Wilson 96-236 (holotype: RSA; isotype: DAV!). According to Steinmann (2001), this species is very similar to C. yecorensis with which it shares the characteristic narrow leaves and bifid styles. If it were not for this similarity, it would be extremely difficult to assign C. michaelii to a sec- tion, and its placement in sect. Adenophyllum must be regarded as provisional. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. DURANGO: Mpio. Durango, Sierra de Cacaria, 5 km W of El Car- men, Wilson 96-235 (RSA).—AGuascaLientes: Mpio. Calvillo, 1 km S of presa E] Capulin, Garcia 2717 (HUAA, fide Steinmann). 12. Croton section Medea (Klotzsch) Baillon, Etude Euphorb. 368. 1858.—Type: Medea hirta Klotzsch [= Croton timandroides (Didr.) Mill. Arg.]. Croton disjunctus is referred here with considerable diffidence. The presence of petiolar glands in some populations of this species does not agree with the character of sect. Medea as circumscribed by Webster (1993); however, the pres- ence of stipitate glands on leaf margins and bracts does not agree with the charac- ters of sect. Velamea, where C. disjunctus might also be placed. At present, the sectional assignment of C. disjunctus must be regarded as doubtful. 12.1. Croton disjunctus V. M. Steinm., Aliso 19: 185. 2001.—Typr: Mexico. Chi- huahua: Mpio. Balleza, “24” [2.4?] road miles W of Durango state line on MEX 45, E of canyon of Rio Balleza, Wilson 96-213 (holotype: RSA: isotype: DAV!). 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 375 This recently described species is reported by Steinmann (2001) from the type locality and two stations in Aguascalientes, in oak woodland or scrub at 1800-2200 m. Steinmann notes that the population in Chihuahua has basal foliar glands, whereas the plants in Aguascalientes lack them. He suggests a relationship of C. disjunctus with C. fruticulosus Torr., a species occurring from Texas and Coahuila to eastern Chihuahua; however, C. disjunctus shows even closer resemblances to C. incanus Kunth, a species occurring from Texas to San Luis Potosf and Querétaro. Except for the rudimentary stipules, the Aguascalientes population of C. disjunctus could perhaps be included as a variety of C. incanus. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. AGUASCALIENTES: Mpio. San José de Gracia, Barranca Serpiens, Garcia 4390 (RSA, not seen); Mpio. Rincon de Romos, mountains above Presa Calles, Shreve 9263 (DAV). 13. Croton section Argyroglossum Baillon, Adansonia I, 4: 289. 1864.—TyPE: Cro- ton argyroglossum Baillon. This section is represented in western Mexico by a single species. 13.1. Croton culiacanensis Croizat, J. Arnold Arb. 26: 182. 1945.—Type: Mexico. Sinaloa: Culiac4n, Palmer 1507 in 1891 (holotype: A). So far, all collections of this species have come from Sinaloa. Croton culiacan- ensis is closely related to eastern Mexican C. watsonii Standl., which scarcely differs except for its stellate-lepidote (rather than stellate) ovary. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Culiacén, Ymala [Imala], Palmer 1446 in 1891 (GH); Mpio. Concordia, ca. 9 km NE of Villa Union, Sanders et al. 8696 (DAV); Mpio. Mazatlan, low hills 8 mi N of Mazatlan, Waterfall 12749 (MICH). 14. Croton section Astraea (Klotzsch) Baillon, Etude Euphorb. 363. 1858.—Tyre: Croton lobatus The single local (probably introduced) weedy species of this section, C. loba- tus, differs strikingly from other western Mexican taxa of Croton in its deeply 3- lobed leaves, glabrous receptacle of d flowers, and tetragonal seeds. 14.1. Croton lobatus L., Sp. pl. 1005. 1753 (“C. lobatum”).—Tyre: [Mexico.] Ver- acruz, Houston s.n. (BM-Clifford Herbarium). The illustration in Martyn (Hist. Pl. Rar. t. 46. 1737) is probably based on material grown from seed collected by Houston in Veracruz. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Culiacan, Culiacan, 20 Aug 1904, Brandegee (UC).— Nayarit: Mpio. Compostela, between Villa Varadero and mouth of Rio Ameca, Chazaro & Montes 6333 (MICH).—Ja.isco: Mpio. La Huerta, Rancho Cuixmala, Sanders et al. 8660 (DAV).—MIcHo- ACAN: Mpio. Tepalcatepec, Chdzaro et al. 5601 (MICH). 15. Croton section Drepadenium (Raf.) Miill. Arg., Linnaea 34: 79. 1865.—TyPe: Croton punctatus Lam. The species of this section are very distinct from other Mexican taxa of Croton in the apetalous 3 flower, and eglandular exstipulate leaves with stellate-lepidote L. 376 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 indumentum. Only one species is recorded for tropical western Mexico, but Stein- mann and Felger (1997) list two other species in temperate Sonora: C. texensis (Klotzsch) Mill. Arg. and C. wigginsii L. C. Wheeler 15.1. Croton californicus Miill. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 691. 1866. Hendecandra procumbens Eschsch., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St. Petersbourg Hist. Acad. 10: 287. 1826, non Croton procumbens Jacq., 1760.—Type: U.S.A. California 1824, Eschscholz s.n. (holotype: not seen, presumably at LE) This characteristic strand species is common in Alta and Baja California, and extends down the Mexican mainland to Sinaloa. It is very similar to Croton punc- tatus Jacq., widespread on the coasts of the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA SuR: Mpio. La Paz, barrier island opposite Puerto Lopez Mateos, Johnson 1213 (DAV); Peninsula El Mogote, La Paz, Johnson 1253 Mpio. sey perro ae Playa Huatabampito, see et al. 4227 SINALOA: . La Cruz de Elota, 7 mi NW o ). V).—SONORA: Mpio Altata, Gentry 5430 (MO (DAV), Fishbein et al. 1979 (MO). — a Cruz, Johnson 8056 (DAV); Mpio. Culiacan, PHYLLANTHUS Within FNG, Phyllanthus is represented by 21 species in eight sections. Sec- tional circumscriptions and arrangement follow Webster (1956-58, 1967). Charac- ters used in the key to sections apply only to taxa occurring in Mexico KEY TO THE SECTIONS OF PHYLLANTHUS IN WESTERN MEXICO Lateral stem axes not deciduous, not differentiated from main axes: flowers not confined to specialized ee leaves never reduced to 2 bs or unders hrubs; leaves mostly not >3 cm long; pollen grains colporate; seeds smooth or verruculose, >3 mm 3. Leaves spiral; maine pedicels not bent or reflexed; @ flowers with greenish, foliose sepals and the disk dissected; stems + terete, never winged 1. Phyllanthus sect. Paraphyllanthus. 3, Leaves distichous; fruiting pedicels + reflexed; 2 flowers with often reddish, not foliose sepals and the disk not dissected: stems terete to Re or winged Phyllanthus sect. Lo. dela 2. Shrubs or trees; leaves mostly >3 cm long; pollen grains areolate; cae Pete: >3 mm lor axes distally reduced to scale ee en sect. ee ateral stem axes deciduous; flowers borne only on lateral leafy one leaves on main 4. Fruits aoe ee cauliflorous, borne on leafless axes proximal to leafy branchlets: stam , ire 3. Phyllanthus sect. Cicca. 4. Fruits ene flowers not cauliflorous, borne on leafy branchlets; stamens 2 or 3 or connate 5; Brsnchicts all or mostly ae ae disk of 5 flowers aaa or of 3 segments; stamen 3, filaments connate; shrubs o Phyllanthus sect. Norham 5. Branchlets pinnatiform; disk E 3 oe entire or of 5S or : omens stamens 2 0 filaments free to connate; shrubs or her 6. Shrubs; branchlets fascicled, with Bs 5-10 leaves; leaf blades hirtellous abaxially on midrib; disk of ¢ flowers annular: stamens 3, free, arse shorter than anthers Phyllanthus sect. Brachycladus. 6. Herbs; ste not regularly fascicled, with 10 or more leaves; leaf blades gla- brous; disk of 3 flowers dissected; stamens 2-5, free or connate, filaments usually longer anthers. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS Suid) 7. Stamens 5, filaments free; fruiting pedicels capillary, 3-8 mm long; ? flowers often 2 per node; seeds papillose. 7. Phyllanthus sect. Pentandra. 7. Stamens 2 or 3, filaments free or connate; ae pedicels 1-5 mm long; @ flowers solitary; seeds striate, ribbed, or puncticulat ae) Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus. 1. Phyllanthus section Paraphyllanthus Mill. Arg., Linnaea 32: 3. 1863; DC. Prodr. 15(2): 355. 1866.—Lecrorype, designated by Webster, 1956: Phyllanthus maderaspatensis L. There are about ten species of this section in Mexico, of which three are common in Nueva Galicia. A fourth, P. polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng., reaches only Aguascalientes. There has been much confusion about species circumscrip- tions, and a high percentage of Mexican specimens (other than P. polygonoides) have been misidentified. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHYLLANTHUS SECTION PARAPHYLLANTHUS IN WESTERN MEXICO 1. Styles distinctly bifid, 0.3-1.3 mm long; staminal column 0.5—-1.5 mm long 2. Leaves broadly elliptic to suborbicular; styles at least 1 mm long; stipules less than 1 mm : 1.1. P. gypsicola. 2. Leaves obovate; styles less than 1 mm long; stipules usually at least 1 mm lon 3. Herb not over 0.5 m tall, stems clustered at base; stipules distinctly auriculate at base; seeds not over 1.5 mm long. L322. pees 3. Shrubs to 1-2 m tall; stipules not distinctly auriculate at base; seeds 1.7-2.4 mm long. j zene smooth; seeds 1.9—2.4 mm long. 1.2a. P. peninsularis subsp. oe ee nches papillate; seeds 1.7—2 mm long. 1.2b. P. peninsularis ey Maia 1. Styles ae 1-1.5 mm long; ert column 1.5—2 mm long. P. galeottianus. 1.1. Phyllanthus gypsicola McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 194, 1961—T ype: Mexico. Colima: 11 mi SSW of Colima, in deciduous woodland with Bursera, Amphyptery- gium, 400-500 m, McVaugh & Koelz 1573 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: WAN): Although most collected in Colima, this species also occurs in southern Baja California, where it has been confused (as noted below) with P. peninsularis. However, in leaf shape and dimensions of flowers, it is more similar to P. galeotti- anus and appears to be a lower-elevation, more xeric vicariant of that species. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA SuR: Mpio. La Paz, 14 mi by road E of Cabo San Lucas, 30 m, Hastings & Turner 64-345 (DS); Cabo San Lucas, Brandegee 540 (UC).—JaLisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Cerro Maderas, 200 m, Lott 1823 (TEX).—Co.tmma: Mpio. Comala, 19-20 km NW of Colima, 1400 m, ie et om 5269 (WIS); Mpio. Colima: 15 mi SSW of Colima, McVaugh 15542 (DAV, MICH) 1.2. Phyllanthus peninsularis Brandegee, Erythea 7: 8. 1899.—Type: Mexico. Baja California Sur: San José del Cabo, Anthony 364 (lectotype, here designated: UC!; isolectotype: MO!). Brandegee cited both San José del Cabo and Sierra la Laguna, and indicated his number 539. Unfortunately, Brandegee 539 could not be located; there is a Brandegee collection labelled number 15 from Sierra La Laguna that does represent 378 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 P. peninsularis. Another collection at Berkeley (UC) is Brandegee 540, which represents the Baja California form of P. gypsicola McVaugh. In order to pre- serve the name Phyllanthus peninsularis in the sense it has been used by most botanists, it is preferable to select as lectotype Anthony 364, also from San José del Cabo, and the only other collection number cited in the protologue. A number of collections of P. peninsularis from the mainland (Nayarit and Jalisco) and some from Baja California have been mistakenly identified as P. galeottianus or P. subcuneatus Greenm. All of the Nueva Galician specimens differ from P. galeottianus in having narrower leaf blades, distinctly bifid styles, and smaller ¢ flowers (sepals less than 2 mm long, staminal column <1.5 mm long). Also, they differ in their larger, more pointed leaf blades and bifid styles from P. subcuneatus, which seems to be confined to the Sierra Madre Oriental. Phyllanthus peninsularis displays a gap in geographic variation between the populations in Baja California and on the mainland. It is therefore necessary to recognize two subspecies, one of which is here described. 1.2a. Phyllanthus peninsularis subsp. peninsularis. Twigs smooth; sepals of ¢ flowers (1.5—) 1.8-2.5 mm long; seeds 2.1—2.4 mm long. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA SuR: Mpio. La Paz, Isla Espiritu Santo, Wiggins 16121] (MICH); Sierra La Laguna, Brandegee 15 (UC), Moran 7430 (DS, US); La Burrera, 27 km E of Todos Santos, Tenorio et al. 10516 (MEXU); Saucito, 1891, Brandegee s.n. (UC, US); San José del Cabo, Brandegee 540 (UC), Dawson 1178 (MICH). 1.2b. Phyllanthus peninsularis subsp. novogalicianus G. L. Webster, subsp. nov.— Type: Mexico, Jalisco: Mpio. Talpa de Allende, 11-12 mi S of Talpa, 1200-1700 m, in subtropical mixed forest with Carpinus, Magnolia, Quer- cus, and Matudaea, McVaugh 20390 (holotype: MICH!). Fig. 2. Phyllanthus peninsularis subsp. novogalicianus ab subsp. peninsulari differt ramulis papillosis, floribus ¢ minoribus, seminibus 1.7-2 mm longis. It must be noted that specimens from Sinaloa (H. S. Gentry 11446, 24330, MICH) and Nayarit (Palmer 1887, MICH) are atypical in lacking the papillate branches and appear transitional to P. gypsicola. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARIT: Tepic, Palmer 1887 (US); Mpio. Tepic: 13 km by road W of junction of MEX-15 and Nay-66, 1225 m, Steinmann & Varela 1076 (DAV).—Jauisco: Mpio. Cuautitlan, Sierra de Manantlan, 30-35 km SE of Autlan, McVaugh 23228 (MICH); 1-2.5 km SW of Rincon de Manantlan, Judziewicz & Guzman 5062 (MICH). 1.3. Phyllanthus polygonoides Nutt. ex Spreng., Syst. veg. 3: 23. 1826. Maschalan- thus polygonoides (Nutt. ex Spreng.) Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., ser. 2, 5: 175. 1837.—Typer: U.S.A. “Arkansas,” Nuttall s.n. (lectotype, here designated: NY!). This species, primarily of the Chihuahua Desert and Texas, barely enters tropical western Mexico in Aguascalientes and southern Sonora; collections from Municipios Bacerac and Cucurpe, Sonora, are cited by Steinmann and Felger (1997). REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: Mpio. Alamos, Cafién Saucito, Gentry 689 (F).—AGuas- CALIENTES : 6 km E of Tepezala, Rzedowski & McVaugh 1230 (MICH). 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 379 4 & “Me BOA ep AD rete £ a fs ern Neato iy a Cr i a ge o x Steet eter cer er nee aeee peor aya OI EE hore ToS, (er ter as ee i, Ore Lice pa prosnespe pare FIG. 2. Phyllanthus peninsularis Brandegee subsp. aes A. Flowering branch, 0.75 B. Stem with papillae, X10. C. Tip of branch with pistillate flower above and staminate flower below, 3.5. D. Staminate flower, X7.5. E. Pistillate flower, <7.5. F. Cope, ce G. Two cocci of dehisced capsule, X9. H. Seed, lateral view, X10. I. Seed, adaxial view, x 380 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 1.4. Phyllanthus galeottianus Baill., Adansonia I, 1: 32. 1860.—TypE: Mexico. Michoacan: Morelia, Galeotti 7215 (lectotype, here designated: P!). Phyllanthus americanus Sessé & Moc., Pl. nov. hisp. 159. 1890.—Tyre: Mexico. Guerrero: Mazatlan, Sessé & Mocino s.n. (lectotype, here designated:G- Del; isotype: MA!). [The MA sheet is numbered 4561; a painting (Ic. FI. Mex. 298) is at G.] As pointed out before (Webster 1966), Baillon cited the specimen at G- Delessert at a time before the “Icones Flora Mexicanae” were rediscovered. McVaugh (2000) enumerates in detail the specimens and drawings associated with the names Phyllanthus americanus and P. galeottianus, but does not typify either name. The name P. galeottianus has been mistakenly applied to the majority of specimens of sect. Paraphyllanthus in Mexico. In the strict sense, the species includes only upland plants (_ 1000 m elevation) in the central and western Mexi- can highlands (Guanajuato and Jalisco to Guerrero and México) with larger flow- ers and unlobed styles. For clarification, additional specimens are cited from states in eastern Mexico. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALISCO: Mpio. Guadalajara: barrancas, oe 4443 (MICH, MO); o. Tuxcacuesco, 5-6 km ENE of Zenzontla, 1100 m, Santana & Benz 5922 (WIS).—MExico: Temascaltepec, Hinton 4497 (LL).—GueErRRERO: Mpio. Coyuca, Mina, as Hinton 10482 (MICH).—Oaxaca: Mpio. San Juan Mixtepec, Rio San eae 1780 m, Reyes Santiago 389 (MEXU).— Cutapas: Mpio. Jitotol, 1450 m, Breedlove 26400 (CAS). 2. Phyllanthus section Loxopodium G. L. Webster, Contr. Gray Herb. 176: 46. 55.—Type: Phyllanthus caroliniensis Walt. The widespread American species P. caroliniensis has not been recorded from western Mexico; we have only the following two species in this section. 2.1. Phyllanthus evanescens Brandegee, Zoe 5: 207. 1905.—Typr: Mexico. Sinaloa: Culiacan, Brandegee s.n. (holotype: UC!). Phyllanthus pudens L. C. Wheeler, Contr. Gray Herb. 127: 50. 1939. Phyllan- thus avicularia Small, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 27: 278. 1900, non Phyllanthus avicularis Mill. Arg., 1863.—Type: U.S.A. Texas: Austin Co., “Colum- bia” [Columbus], B. F. Bush 263 (holotype: NY). Stems scabridulous or hispidulous; filaments free; fruiting pedicel 1.2-1.8 (-2.2) mm long; styles bifid, not dilated; capsule 2.8-3.2 mm in diameter, seeds 1.31.6 mm long. The characters used by Texas authors to recognize populations from Tamauli- pas and southern Texas as P. pudens appear indistinguishable from those used to delimit populations from western Mexico as P. evanescens. Phyllanthus evane- scens, a species characteristic of seasonally inundated grassy habitats, is disjunct to Nicaragua, and may be expected elsewhere in northern Central America. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Culiacén, Lodiego, 55 km NE of Culiacan, Palmer 1590 (US).—Jatisco: Mpio. Jocotepec, Ejido Zapotitén de Hidalgo, Machuca ga EIS): lous ch La Huerta, Est. Biol. Chamela, Lott & Ayala 2629, McVaugh 25197 (MICH). : Mpio. Jaral del oe Santiago Capitiro, Rzedowski 39366 (DAV). Also reported from Sonora by Stein- mann and Felger (1997: 62). 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 381 2.26 A brandegei Millsp., Proc. California Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 2: 218. 1889.— yee: Mexico. Baja California Sur: Comondt, 17 Feb 1889, T. S. Brande- 19 (holotype: UC!). Stems smooth; filaments connate; fruiting pedicel 1.8-1.9 mm long; styles dilated, capsule 3.5-4 mm in diameter, seeds 1.8—1.9 mm long. Phyllanthus brandegei is known only from the type collection and possibly is extinct. A specimen from Sonora (Mpio. Huatabampo, 2 km NE of Las Aguilas, Sanders et al. 13562, UCR) appears somewhat intermediate between P. evanescens and P. brandegei; it has the smooth stems, dilated styles, and larger seeds of the latter, but free filaments and shorter fruiting pedicels of the former. 3. Phyllanthus section Cicca (L.) Miill. Arg., Linnaea 32: 50. 1863. Cicca L., Mant. pl. 124. 1767.—Type: Cicca acida L. [=Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels]. Since my original consideration of subg. Cicca (Webster 1957), the status of sect. Aporosella, to which our only local species belongs, has been reevaluated. In 1957, sect. Aporosella was maintained as distinct from sect. Cicca because of its dioeciousness and lack of a floral disk. Yet, vegetatively the two groups are simi- lar, and both have drupaceous fruits produced ramiflorously. It seems appropriate to recognize this similarity by delimiting sect. Cicca as comprising two subsec- tions, the monotypic subsect. Cicca and subsect. Aporosella. Phyllanthus subsection Aporosella (Chodat) G. L. Webster, stat. nov. Aporosella odat, Bull. Herb. Boiss., sér. 2, 5: 488. 1905. Phyllanthus sect. Aporosella (Chodat) G. L. Webster, J. Arnold Arb. 38: 72. 1957.—TyPE: Aporosella hassleriana Chodat [=Phyllanthus chacoensis Morong]. The subsection includes only two species, the South American P. chacoensis and our local species, P. elsiae. 3.1. Phyllanthus elsiae Urb., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 405. 1919.—Typr: TRINIDAD AND Tosaco. Tobago: Auchenskeoch Beach, Broadway 4789 (lectotype, designated by Webster, 1957: US!). In an earlier review (J. Arnold Arb. 38: 75. 1957), P. elsiae was reported from western Mexico only from Nayarit. Since then, it has been found at a number of different localities, most often in coastal woods adjacent to mangroves. It is closely related to P. chacoensis Morong of the Pantanal region of South America. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARit: Mpio. Tuxpan, Mexcaltitan, Mexia 1005 (US).—JALisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Cuixmala, Castillo 5149, 5235 (DAV), Lott et al. 3472 (MO).—Co.ima: Mpio. Manzanillo, Laguna Cuyutlan, McVaugh 15628 (MICH).—MicuHoacan: Mpio. Coahuayana, mouth of Rio Coahuayana, Turner 1999 (TEX). 4. Phyllanthus section Nothoclema G. L. Webster, Contr. Gray Herb. 176: 56. 1955.—Type: Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl. Only three species of this American section of ten species, characterized by its mostly bipinnatiform branchlets, have been recorded from western Mexico. 382 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHYLLANTHUS SECTION NOTHOCLEMA IN WESTERN MEXICO |. Leaf blades scabrous nme acute or acuminate; anthers acute; styles + dilated; branchlet mostly with 10-20 lateral ax 4.1. P. acuminatus. 1. Leaf blades smooth alin, acute to rounded; anthers emarginate or obtuse; styles slender; branchlets with 0-15 lateral axes. 2. Branchlets with 10-15 lateral axes; pedicels of ¢ flowers not over 5 mm long; sepals 1 mm long. 4.2. P. Aled aca 2. Branchlets with 1-4 (-8) lateral axes (sometimes simple); pedicels of ¢ flowers 5—15 long; sepals 1.5 mm long or more. 4.3. P. mocinianus. 4.1. Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl, Symb. bot. 2: 95. 1791.—Type: Trinipap. Ryan s.n. (holotype: C!). ?Phyllanthus sessei Briquet, Ann. Conserv. Jard. Bot. Genéve 4: 224. 1900.— Type: Mexico. Sessé & Mocifio (G-Del, holotype). This widespread species extends from Mexico to Argentina and Brazil, but is very uncommon in western Mexico, where it occurs in disturbed woodlands below 1000 m. Synonymy and a map of the Caribbean distribution have been given earlier (J. Arnold Arb. 38: 365-367. 1957). The citation of Phyllanthus sessei Brig. as a synonym of P. acuminatus is made with some doubt, because of floral differences pointed out by Webster (1966) (especially Briquet’s description of the calyx of the male flowers as ca. 1.5 mm long in P. sessei). McVaugh (2000) cites other specimens and drawings from the Sessé and Mociiio collections, and also suggests that P. sessei is probably a syn- onym of P. acuminatus. Re-examination of this material is desirable to determine if Briquet’s description is erroneous, or if P. sessei is yet another endemic species in Nueva Galicia. Potion etniseiee SPECIMENS. BAJA CALIFORNIA Sur: Mpio. La Paz, La Burrera, 27 km E of Todos Santos, Tenorio et al. 10506 (DAV).—Nayarit: Mpio. Tuxpan, camino a est. microondas Pefitas, se 12805 (MICH); Mpio. Compostela, 7-9 km W of Mazatlan, Téllez & Davila 9070 (MEXU).— JAuisco: Mpio. Mi Huerta, 15 km NW of Juan Gil Preciado, Santana & Cervantes 499 (WIS).— Couima: Mpio. Manzanillo, 13 mi N of Santiago, McVaugh 15839 (MICH, US).—Micuoacan: Mpio. Aone pon pee 15065, 16109 (MICH, US). 4.2. Phyllanthus micrandrus Miill. Arg., Linnaea 32: 27. 1863: DC., Prodr. {Bol W) 383. 1866.—Type: VENEZUELA. Aragua: Colonia Tovar, Fendler 1195 (lecto- type, here designated: G!; isolectotypes: K! MICH! MO!). Phyllanthus micrandrus occurs in deciduous and oak woodlands mainly from 1000-1500 m. It is similar to P. mocinianus in aspect and sometimes mistaken for it; however, it is readily separable by its more highly ramified branchlets and much smaller flowers. The disjunction in the range of the Mexican populations of P. micrandrus from those in Costa Rica and South America is remarkable, but is paralleled by the distribution of P. botryanthus of sect. Elutanthos. It is possible that further study of the Mexican plants may show them to be a distinct subspecies, but the few specimens available do not show any clear morphological differences. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARIT: Islas Tres Marias, Maria Madre, pen 10452 (A, CAS); Mpio. Compostela, 4 mi N of San Juan Caxstle, Norris & Taranto 13668 (MICH ).—JA.isco: Mpio. Guadalajara, Barranca de Huentitén el Alto, Chaézaro et al. 6260 ( (MO), Maes Macias & Reynoso 1106 (WIS); Mpio. Autlén de Navarro, 9-10 mi SW of Autlan, McVaugh 14201 (MICH). 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 383 4.3. Phyllanthus mocinianus Baillon, Adansonia I, 1: 35. 1860.—Type: Mexico. Sessé & Mocifio s.n. (lectotype, designated by McVaugh, 2000: G-Del!). This is by far the commonest representative of sect. Nothoclema in both west- ern and eastern Mexico and extends to Belize and Guatemala. In Nueva Galicia, it is found in a variety of habitats, from lowland deciduous woodlands or scrub to mesic woodlands in upland (to 1100 m) barrancas. It is morphologically similar to P. anisolobus Miill. Arg. of Costa Rica to Ecuador, and was circumscribed to include that species by Burger and Huft (1995). However, P. mocinianus may be separated by its androecium with shorter staminal column and horizontally dehis- cent (not deflexed) anthers, as well as by its shorter styles. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. CHIHUAHUA: Batopilas, Gentry 2619 (A, MO).—S1naLoa: Sierra ad tato, Quebrada de Mansana, Gentry 6534 (GH, MO).—Nayarit: Islas Tres Marias, Maria Madre, Ferris 5569 (A, DS); Mpio. Ruiz, 2-3 km E of El Venado, Breedlove & Almeda 45209 ee Jauisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Rancho Cuixmala, Lott & sis 3671 (DAV).—Co ma: Cd. Colima, Jones 23 (DS).—MicHoacAn: Mpio. Coalcoman de Matamoros, Coalcoman, Hinton 13882 (GH, TEX).—MExtco: Temascaltepec, Mpio. Tejupilco, eran Hinton 5330 (GH, MO, TEX). 5. Phyllanthus section Elutanthos Croizat, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33: 12. 1943.— Tyee: Phyllanthus glaucescens Kunth [=P. grandifolius L.]. This neotropical section includes three species in western Mexico and several others in eastern Mexico, including the type species, P. grandifolius L. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHYLLANTHUS SECTION ELUTANTHOS IN WESTERN MEXICO 1. Stamens 3, anthers borne on filaments; seeds 2-8 mm long. 2. Styles distinctly bifid; sepals >2 mm long; stamens free or nearly so; seeds ca. 8 mm long. 5.1. P. coalcomanensis. 2. Styles entire or emarginate; sepals <2 mm long; stamens connate, fommine a aes ee 2-2.5 mm long. Pin es amie 1. Stamens 2, anthers sessile (the two modified and seemingly a single anther); ar 6.5-8 long. S35 BR: eee 5.1. Phyllanthus coalcomanensis Croizat, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 33: 13. 1945.—T ype: Mexico. Michoacdn: Coalcoman, Hinton 15857 (holotype: US!; isotype: MICH!) Phyllanthus coalcomanensis grows in perhaps somewhat less xeric lowland (up to 500 m) forests than P. botryanthus. It appears to be rather uncommon, with a few collections known from Nayarit, Colima, and Michoacan, but so far none from Jalisco. It is possible that this species occurs further east to Chiapas and even Nicaragua, but the available collections are so incomplete that they can be only tentatively assigned to P. coalcomanensis. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. Nayarit: Mpio. Tuxpan Pefiitas, estacion microondas Penitas, Téllez 12674 (MO); Mpio. San Blas, Ensenada de Matanchén, Ferris 5437 (DS, US).—Co.ttma: Mpio. Man- zanillo, 8 mi WNW of Santiago, McVaugh 15785 (MICH, US).—Micuoacan: Mpio. Aquila, wooded hill and barranca, Hinton 15859, 15967 (MICH, US) 5.2. Phyllanthus botryanthus Mill. Arg. in DC., Prodr. 15(2): 323. 1866.—Type: Cotompia. Bolivar: Cartagena, Triana 3664 (lectotype, designated by Web- ster, 1958: P!; isotypes: K! W!). 384 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 This species, which is common in lowland tropical woodlands in Jalisco (but not elsewhere in Nueva Galicia), has not been previously reported from North America. The Mexican populations are disjunct from xeric areas in coastal north- ern South America (Colombia to Venezuela and the Dutch offshore islands, Aruba to Bonaire); no intermediate populations are known in Central America. This appears to be an unusual geographic pattern in Phyllanthus, although it may represent an extreme of a pattern shown by other members of the Euphorbiaceae (e.g., Croton morifolius), which extend from Mexico into Nicaragua, with a gap only in Costa Rica and Panama. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALIsco: Mpio. Tomatlan, 46 km N of Chamela, Guadalupe Ayala 160 (MICH); Mpio. La Huerta, 2.5 km W of Quémaro, Lott 1716 (MICH); Rancho Cuixmala, Castillo et al. 52320 (MO), Lott et al. 3705 (MO). 5.3. Phyllanthus tequilensis B. L. Rob. & Greenm., Proc. Amer. Acad. Arts 29: 392. 1894.—Type: Mexico. Jalisco: Tequila, Pringle 5490 (holotype: GH!; isotypes: MO! UC!). Phyllanthus micromalus McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 198. 1961.—Typr: Mexico. Nayarit: 10 mi SE of Tepic, McVaugh 16569 (holotype: MICH!: isotype: DAV!). This species is common especially in dry woodlands (oak and tropical decidu- ous) from 300-1500 m in Jalisco, Nayarit, and the Tres Marias Islands, where it has often been misidentified as P. adenodiscus Miill. Arg. or P. grandifolius L. It is readily distinguished by its inflated capsules, 3-4 cm broad, and by its unique androecium of two stamens modified so that there appears to be a single anther dehiscing upwardly. East of the Nueva Galicia region, specimens have been seen that may also referable to P. tequilensis, but with smaller fruits and seeds (6.05 Kamirez Cant s.n. from Isla Roqueta, Acapulco, Gro., MEXU). A single collec- tion from Chamela, Jalisco (Lott et al. 1564, MICH), where the species is not common, has capsules only 1.5 cm in diameter, and thus resembles the Guerrero collection. These small-fruited plants appear to represent P. oaxacanus Brandegee, described from “San Geronimo” [San Jerénimo], Oaxaca (Purpus 7154, UC, holo- type!; MO, isotype). Flowering specimens from southern Oaxaca, 75 miles by road SE of Oaxaca (Croat 39957, 39958, MO) have flowers typical for P. tequilensis. It is conceivable that P. oaxacanus could be retained as a small-fruited subspecies of P. tequilensis, of which the Chamela collection is the northernmost locality; how- ever, sampling of fruiting specimens of Mexican collections of sect. Elutanthos is so inadequate that the problem cannot be resolved at this time. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Culiacan, Baila, Santa Maria, Gonzalez Ortega 6708 (CAS).—Duranco: Mpio. Mezquital, Huasemote, Rose 23/5 (US).—Zacatecas: Mpio. Juchipila, 5 km SE of Pueblo Nuevo, Rzedowski 18264 (MICH).—Nayarit: Islas Tres Marias, Maria Madre, Ferris 5697 (DS, US); Mpio. Compostela, 5 mi NW of Las Piedras, Webster & Lynch 17124 (DAV).— Jatisco: Mpio. Juchitlin, Los Carrales a Los Guajes, Machuca & Chdézaro 6579 (DAV, MO).— MicHoacan: Mpio. Jungapeo, abajo de Agua Blanca, Martinez 376 (DAV). 6. Phyllanthus section Brachycladus G. L. Webster, sect. nov.—T ye: Phyllanthus rupestris Kunth in H. B. K. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 385 Frutices monoici; ramulis deciduis, floriferis, fasciculatis, non ramosis, foliis paucis (5-10); sepalis ¢ 6; discus integer; stamina 3, filamentis liberis connatisve; antherae muticae; pollinis grana globosa areolata; sepalis 2 6; discus patelliformis; ovarium triloculare; stylis liberis, bifidis; fructus capsularis; semina laevia. Monoecious shrubs with phyllanthoid branching; branchlets fasciculate, unrami- fied, with few leaves (5-10); ¢ flowers with 6 sepals, an annular disk, and 3 stamens with the filaments free or connate and the anthers muticous, the pollen grains globose, areolate, areoles polybrochate; ? flowers with 6 sepals, a patelli- form disk, a 3-locular ovary, and free and bifid styles with slender branches; fruit capsular, seeds smooth. Section Brachycladus is primarily a South American group, with most species confined to the Amazon Basin. At least six South American species can be referred here, including P. adianthoides Klotzsch, P. atabapoensis Jabl., P. paezensis Jabl., P. rupestris Kunth, and two undescribed species. All of the species seem to be characteristic of riparian habitats in areas of tropical evergreen forest. The affini- ties of sect. Brachycladus are clearly with taxa of subg. Xylophylla, as shown by the characteristic areolate pollen grains, but the section appears to be isolated by its androecium of discrete stamens, annular disk in the 6 flowers, and short branchlets with few leaves. 6.1. Phyllanthus mickelii McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 196. 1961 —Tyre: Mexico. Colima: Mpio. Manzanillo, 8 mi WNW of Santiago, McVaugh 15763 (holotype: MICH!) Phyllanthus mickelii, the only representative of sect. Brachycladus in North America, is highly disjunct from the other species; also, it is ecologically divergent in its deciduous woodland habitat (especially in woods of Piranhea). It would appear to be most closely related to P. rupestris, which is widespread from Ama- zonian Colombia to Brazil. The resemblance between the two species is very close, although the leaves of P. rupestris differ in their more prominulous vena- tion. Because of the scarce material of P. mickelii available for study, a final decision on its status as a distinct species cannot yet be made. DDITIONAL SPECIMENS EXAMINED. JALISco: Mpio. La Huerta, Estacion Bioldgica Chamela, Lott 2592 (MICH), 3820 (MO), 3897(DAV), Pérez 1760 (DAV, MEXU). 7. Phyllanthus section Pentandra G. L. Webster, J. Arnold Arb. 48: 333. 1967.— Tyee: Phyllanthus pentandrus Schumach. & Thonn. This African-Malagasian section of shrubs and herbs is represented in the New World only by the following introduced herbaceous species. 7.1. Phyllanthus tenellus Roxb., Flora Indica, ed. 2, 3: 668. 1832.—Type: INbIA. West Bengal: Calcutta Botanical Gardens, Wallich 7892 ex p. (holotype: K!). The single collection cited below represents a new record for Mexico; the species has previously been recorded from the New World only in the eastern U.S.A., the West Indies, and South America. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Nayarit: Mpio. Tepic, ca. 15 km W of Tepic, Steinmann & Varela 1079 (DAV). 386 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 8. Phyllanthus section Phyllanthus. Five species of sect. Phyllanthus, all herbaceous, have been recorded from western Mexico. KEY TO THE SPECIES OF PHYLLANTHUS SECTION PHYLLANTHUS IN WESTERN MEXICO —_= . Cymules unisexual, d flowers at proximal nodes of branchlet. 2. Leaf blades distinctly inequilateral at base; seeds verruculose, 1.5—1.8 mm long. 8.1. P. niruri. 2. Leaf blades not distinctly inequilateral at base; seeds striate or finely ribbed, <1.5 mm long. 3. Stamens 3; sepals of ¢ flowers 5 or 6. Stems often with aerenchyma at base; leaf blade margins often oe disk of ? flowers 5-angled; filaments en aie connate. Zak: eae 4. Stems without aerenchyma, leaf blade margins never reddish; disk - 9 flo asymmetrically 3-lobed; filaments connate in proximal half. 8.32: i or 3. Stamens 2; sepals of ¢ flowers 4. 8.4. P. standlevi. — . Cymules bisexual (at least at distal nodes of branchlet). 5. Sepals 5, distinctly acute; disk of 2 flowers 5-lobed; distal cymules each with | 3 an 1 2 flower; seeds finely ribbed on back, 0.9-1 mm long; leaf blades oblo ong. 8.5. P. amarus. ay oe 6, obtuse or subacute; disk of 2 flowers 6-lobed; distal cymules each with | @ and 3 d flowers; seeds striate on back, 1.2-1.5 mm long; leaf blades elliptic. 8.6. P. hexadactylus. 8.1. Phyllanthus niruri L., Sp. pl. 981. 1753—Type: specimen in the Hortus Clif- fortianus Herbarium (holotype: BM!). This widespread American species, characteristically occurring in upland mon- tane evergreen forests (>1000 m), has also been found near sea level in deciduous forest and woodlands in Sinaloa. It has been confused with several neotropical and paleotropical species, but has not been introduced into the Old World. It is rather variable, and a number of segregates have been proposed (Webster 1970). sPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SINALOA: Mpio. Culiacan, road to Presa Adolfo Lépez Mateos, Stein- mann & Varela 1155 (DAV); Mpio. Mazatlan, 7 en of Mazatlan, Webster & Breckon 15636 (DAV).—Nayarit: Mpio. Tepic, mountains 9.5 1 of Tepic, McVaugh 18945 (MICH).—JALisco: Mpio. Talpa de Allende, 11-12 mi S of Talpa, Mc Pai ie "7 (MICH), 8.2. Phyllanthus stipulatus (Raf.) Webster, Contr. Gray Herb. 176: 53. 1955. Moeroris stipulata Raf., Sylva tellur. 91. 1838.—Type: JAMaica. Swartz s.n. (lecto- type, designated by Webster, 1955: S!). This widespread species of semi-aquatic or aquatic habitats is recorded in western Mexico only from the following collection. SPECIMEN EXAMINED. Nayarit: Mpio. Compostela, wet meadow 4-5 mi N of Compostela, McVaugh 19328 (MICH). 8.3. Phyllanthus caribaeus Urb., Symb. antill. 5: 382. 1908.—Typr: TRINIDAD AND TosBaco. Tobago: Becers Esp meee designated by Webster, 1957: F!; isotype: NY!) This Doppelganger of P. stipulatus apparently replaces that species in western Mexico. Only one character, the unusual asymmetrical disk in the 2 flower, is invari- ably diagnostic for distinguishing P. caribaeus. It seems to be ecologically separated from P. stipulatus by occurring in moist forest rather than in aquatic habitats. 2001 WEBSTER: CROTON AND PHYLLANTHUS 387 REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NaYARIT: Mpio. Tepic, 9.5 mi W of Tepic, McVaugh 18945 (MICH).— Jatisco: Mpio. Tecalitlin, between Tecalitlén and San Isidro, McVaugh 16176 (DAV, MICH). 8.4, Phyllanthus standleyi McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 199. 1961. Phyllanthus perpusil- lus Standl., Amer. Midl. Nat. 36: 178. 1948, non Phyllanthus perpusillus Baillon, 1866.—TyPeE: Mio Michoacan: 2 mi W of Uruapan, Leaven- worth & Hoogstraal 1282 (holotype: F). This diminutive species, found in pine or oak forests or deciduous woodlands (300-1200 m), in most instances is readily distinguishable from P. caribaeus and P. stipulatus by its 6 flowers with a 4-merous perianth and an androecium of two stamens. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. NAYARIT: Mpio. Santa Maria del Oro, oak woods 25 km by road SE of Tepic, Webster & Breckon 15683 (DAV).—Jaisco: Mpio. La Huerta, Rancho Cuixmala, Lott et al. 2891 (DAV, MICH).—Co.tma: Mpio. Colima, 11-12 mi SSW of Colima, McVaugh 16038 (MICH), Webster & iSieliare 16129 (DAY). 8.5. Phyllanthus amarus Schumach. & Thonn., Beskr. guin. pl. 421. 1827.—TyPE: Guana. “Guinea,” Schumacher & Thonning (holotype: C!). Undoubtedly the commonest, weediest, and most widespread of all species of Phyllanthus, P. amarus has a pantropical distribution. Although there are few collections from Nueva Galicia, this weedy species will surely be encountered in other lowland areas. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. JALISCO: Mpio. La Huerta, Rancho Cuixmala, Lott et al. 3565 (DAV); Mpio. Cihuatlan, 9 mi N of W end of Bahia Navidad, McVaugh 20917 (MICH).—Co.ima: Colima, Orcutt 6925 (DS): Manzanillo, Palmer 925 in 1890 (US). 8.6. Phyllanthus hexadactylus McVaugh, Brittonia 13: 195. 1961.—Type: Mexico. Michoacan: Mpio. Apatzingdn, 4 mi W of Apatzingan, McVaugh 17945 (holotype: MICH!; isotype: DAV!) This diminutive species has a curious disjunct distribution; it has been recorded only from lowland deciduous forest areas in Sonora and Michoacan. It appears similar to P. caribaeus, but is rather easily distinguished by its wing-angled branchlets, elliptic to obovate leaves, and hexamerous perianth. REPRESENTATIVE SPECIMENS. SONORA: Mpio. Alamos, near Arroyo Potrero, 7 km ESE of Alamos, Steinmann et al. 94-60 (DAV).—Micuoacan: Mpio. La Huacana, 29.8 km N of Descansadero, Stein- mann & Varela 1116 (DAV). ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am especially indebted to Rogers McVaugh, formerly of the University of Michigan and now at the University of North Carolina, who provided indispensable advice during the preparation of the manuscript on some genera of Euphorbiaceae for the Flora Novo-Galiciana. William Anderson, formerly Director of the University of Michigan Herbarium, graciously permitted use of two plates drawn by Karin Douthit. Facilities for the systematic work were provided through the courtesy of Ellen Dean, Director of the Davis Herbarium (DAV). A large suite of specimens donated by MEXU was crucial in providing material for comparisons of taxa. Specimens of a considerable number of species were collected with the assistance of my graduate students, especially Gary Breckon and 388 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Steven Lynch. Additional specimens documenting several species were donated by Victor Steinmann and Andy Sanders. For their cooperation in making loans of specimens (and their patience), I am further ease to the directors and curators of the following herbaria: A, B, C, CAS, DS, DUKE, F, G, GH, HAL, IBUG, LAM, MEXU, MICH, MO, NY, P, TEX, UC, UCR, W, and WIS. LITERATURE CITED Burger, W., and M. Huft. 1995. Flora Costaricensis Fam. 113. Euphorbiaceae. eon. Bot. 36: 1-169. Croizat, L. 1942. New species of Croton from Guatemala. Publ. Field Mus. Bot. 22: 4 ae 45. New or critical Euphorbiaceae from the Americas. J. Arnold Arb. 26: ie Gomez-Pompa, A. 1966. Estudios botanicos en la regién de Misantla, Veracruz. Instituto vo de Recursos Renovables, Méxic Howard, R. A. 1989. Euphorbiaceae In le of the Lesser Antilles, ed. R. A. Howard, 5: 1-90. Jamaica Plain, Mass.: Arnold Arbor Jacquin, N. J. 1760. aie raion een quas in insulis Caribaeis vicinaque Americes continente detexit novas. Leiden: T. H . 1763. Selectarum stirpium americanarum historia. Vienna: Kraus Johnston, M. C. 1968. A new species of Croton widespread in Mexico. Brittonia 20: 227-229 Martinez Gordillo, M. 1995. Contribucién al conocimiento del género Croton (Euphorbiaceae) en el stado de Guerrero, México. Contr. Herb. Facultad de Cienc. UNA : 1-109 McVaugh, R. 1961. Euphorbiaceae novae Novo-Galicianae. Brittonia 13; 145-205. . 1993, Flora Novo- eae Vol. 13: Limnocharitaceae to Typhaceae. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Her . 2000. Sone ee of the Sessé and Mocino scien (1787—1803) VII. A Guide to Se irgeiaie ae of Plants. Pittsburgh: Hunt Institute for Botanical Documentation. Miller, J. 1866. Crot n Prodromus systematis regni ene ed. A. P. de Candolle, 15(2): 512- rie Paris: Victor ee & fils. sae P.C., and J. Steyermark. 1949. on In Flora of Guatemala, part 6, by P. C. Standley and ee Fieldiana, Bot. 24: 64— Steinmann, V. W. 1998. Croton martinianus i a new species from Mexico. Novon 8: 33 . 2001. New Euphorbiaceae from Mexico. Aliso 19(2): 181-186. Steinmann, V. W., and R. S. Felger. 1997. The Euphorbiaceae of Sonora, Mexico. Aliso 16: 1-71. 1998. nes yecorensis (Euphorbiaceae), a new species from northwestern Mexico. Novon 8: 207-209 Webster, G. c: 1956-58. A monographic study of the West Indian species of Phyllanthus. J. Arnold ee ee 91-122, 217-268, 340-359; 38: 51-80, 170-198, 295-373; 39: 49-100, 111-112. 966. The species of Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) collected by Sessé and Mociiio. Sida 2: te 380. ——.. 1967. The a of the Euphorbiaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arb. 48: ie se 363-4 970, A revision of Phyllanthus (Euphorbiaceae) in the continental United States. Brittonia 22: ria 76. . 1993. A provisional synopsis of the sections of the genus Croton. Taxon 42: 793-823 Wiggins, I. L. 1964. Flora of the Sonoran Desert. In Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert by F. Shreve and I. L. Wiggins, 188-1740. Stanford : Stanford University Press . 1980. Flora of Baja California. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 23: 389-406. 2001. NEW RECORDS OF BENTHIC MARINE ALGAE FROM THE SULTANATE OF OMAN, NORTHERN ARABIAN SEA. III. Michael J. Wynne Department of Biology and Herbarium University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 TRACT. Seventeen taxa of benthic marine algae are reported for the first time from the Sultanate of Oman. These include 12 taxa of Rhodophyta, 3 taxa of Ochrophyta (Phaeophyceae), and 2 taxa of Chlorophyta. The following taxa had not been previously known to occur in the Indian Ocean: Gelidiella ligulata E. Y. Dawson, Chrysymenia grandis Okamura, Nitophyllum adhaerens M. J. Wynne, and Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold. INTRODUCTION Further investigations of collections of benthic marine algae from the Sultan- ate of Oman have resulted in the recognition of additional new records for this region of the northern Arabian Sea. Extensive collecting in the mid-1980’s carried out by personnel of the Tropical Marine Research Unit, University of York, U.K., produced a preliminary list of species (Barratt et al. 1984), which was later includ- ed in the Indian Ocean catalogue of benthic marine algae by Silva et al. (1996). More recently, papers from my lab and in collaboration with Barry P. Jupp led to the publication of a number of new records for Oman (Wynne & Jupp 1998; Wynne 1999b, 2000, in press; Wynne & Leliaert 2001) and some new taxa (Wynne 1998b, 1999a, 2001). A complex picture of floristic affinities is emerging, with a mixture of typical widely occurring tropical species alongside warm- and cool- temperate elements, including the kelp Ecklonia radiata (C. Agardh) J. Agardh. A number of new records for the Indian Ocean have been reported (Wynne 2000) of species previously known only from Japan and elsewhere in Asia. Several species previously known from southern Africa also occur on the Omani coast (Wynne 1999b). The most significant factor is the summertime monsoon with its associated upwelling bringing relatively cooler, nutrient-rich water and much turbulence. The following list of new records is based on the collections made by person- nel of the Tropical Marine Research Unit (=TMRU) of the University of York, U.K., and by my own fieldwork conducted in early 1997. Also included are collec- tions made by Dr. Jose Stirn, formerly of Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, and presently at the National Institute of Biology, University of Ljubljana, Portoroz, Slovenia. Personnel of the Hunting Technical Services of York, U.K., including Emma Dodsworth, Glenn Richards, and Lynne Barratt. also kindly provided col- lections for this project. Jeremy Kemp, Gianna Minton, and Tim Collins also participated in the HTS expeditions. Voucher specimens have been deposited in the herbaria of the University of Michigan (MICH), the Natural History Museum of Oman (ON), Muscat, and the Natural History Museum (BM), London. Coordi- nates were obtained in the field by using several GPS devices. 389 390 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Ny Kj X FIG. 1. Dermonema abbottiae. Herbarium specimen collected by L. Barratt, 20. viii. 1985. RHODOPHYTA NEMALIALES Liagoraceae Dermonema abbottiae Afaq-Husain, Nizamuddin & Shameel Fig. 1. Oman. Wadi Forh (Lennon’s Bay) (16.95833°N, 54.73166°E), Mirbat, 6 km east of Sadh, Dhofar: 20. vit. 1985, leg. L. Barratt, lower intertidal. Mirbat, Dho- far: 31. ix. 1983, leg. TMRU. Hoon’s Bay (17.00517°N, 54. 15339°E), east of Mir- bat, Dhofar: 10. ix. 2000, leg. M. Wynne 10092000-03-12, on mid-littoral rocks. 2001 WYNNE: MARINE ALGAE FROM OMAN—III 391 The specimens (Fig. 1) here determined to be Dermonema abbottiae are in agreement with the characteristics used by Afaq-Husain et al. (1991) in separating this species from others in the genus: the dark red color of the thalli, the com- pressed nature of the axes, the absence of terminal hairs on the assimilatory filaments, and the greater height than that of the type species, D. virens (J. Agardh) Pedroche & Avila Ortiz [formerly D. frappieri (Mont. & Millardet) Bgrgesen; see Pedroche & Avila Ortiz, 1996]. Our specimens were 8.0-11.5 cm in height. The description of D. abbottiae given by Afaq-Husain et al. (1991) gives a maximum height of 8 cm. Also, the 5 mm width of the major axes slightly exceeds the maximum 4 mm width stated in the description of D. abbottiae. These specimens were found growing in the lower intertidal in a moderately exposed site. This species was described by Afag-Husain et al. (1991) from near Cape Monze, Karachi, Pakistan. This is the first report of the taxon outside of Pakistan. Another species, Dermonema zinovae, was described by Nguyen Huu Dinh (1986) from Vietnam as having thalli 2.5-4.0 cm tall and axes 1.5-1.8 mm thick and as producing numerous proliferations from the basal parts of the thalli. It was also distinguished by having cells of the cortical filaments ovoid or oblong-ovoid rather than cylindrical. GELIDIALES Gelidiellaceae Gelidiella ligulata E. Y. Dawson Oman. Shinzi, Masirah Island (20.57500°N, 58.93333°E): 6. 11. 1997, leg. M. Wynne 10874 & 10879, on intertidal rocks. This species was first described by Dawson (1953) from Pacific Mexico. It was later reported from the Solomon Islands (Womersley & Bailey 1969) and recently from Japan (Shimada & Masuda 1999). Gelidiella ligulata is distinguishable from other species in the genus by its ligulate blades (to 4.5 cm tall), arising from creeping terete axes. Blades are typically unbranched and have undulate margins. Dawson (1953) said that older branches can become branched, and these branches were deciduous and possibly serving a means for vegetative propagation. Accord- ing to Shimada and Masuda (1999) the deciduous nature of Dawson’s material is uncertain and needs to be confirmed; it may have been an artefact of preserva- tion. Gelidiella indica Sreenivasa Rao (1971) is similar in appearance to G. ligulata but has non-deciduous branches arranged marginally. If these two taxa prove to be conspecific, G. ligulata has nomenclatural priority. GIGARTINALES Gigartinaceae Chondracanthus acicularis (Roth) Fredericq in Hommersand et al. Oman. Rock to east of Mirbat, Dhofar (16.95116°N, 54.74800°E): 28. ix. 1999, leg. G. Richards 28999-04-10, on rock, 12 m. This alga consists of compressed axes, 1.0-1.8 mm wide and to 20 mm long, with widely separated pinnate branching to the second order. It formed small tufts showing horizontal growth, the axes becoming secondarily attached to the rock substrate. The texture was cartilaginous, and specimens did not adhere to the paper upon being pressed. Tips showed a multiaxial organization. Cross sections 392 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 of axes showed a loosely filamentous medulla and a cortex of branched, radially aligned, small-celled filaments. These features agree with the description of this species given by Dixon and Irvine (1977) for British material. When the genus Chondracanthus Kiitzing (1843) was resurrected by Hom- mersand et al. (1993) as a genus distinct from Gigartina, G. acicularis (Roth) Lamouroux was transferred to the segregate genus. According to Hommersand et al. (1993), this species has a distribution in the North and South Atlantic Oceans and the Mediterranean Sea, but there have been a number of old and recent reports of this species from throughout the Indian Ocean (Murray 1887; Bgrgesen 1935; Anderson & Stegenga 1989; Desikachary et al. 1998). A related species showing a similar turf-like habit is Chondracanthus (Gigartina) intermedius (Sur- ingar) Hommersand, with a distribution in Japan (Okamura 1908; Yoshida 1998), China (Tseng 1983), Korea (Lee & Kang 1986), and eastern Australia (Millar 1990). One of the features used by Hommersand et al. (1993) to separate Chondra- canthus from Gigartina s.s. was the release of the tetraspores through pores in the wall in the former genus and the release of tetraspores by excision of the entire sorus in the latter genus. In the eight species of southern Australian representa- tives, Womersley (1994) observed no instances of the release of tetraspores through pores or an ostiole in the wall and thus treated them all within Gigartina. He expressed the opinion that Chondracanthus is “doubtfully distinct” from Gigartina. Chondracanthus teedei (Mertens ex Roth) Kiitzing Oman. Grindstone Bay (16.95116°N, 54.81650°E): 22. ix. 1999, leg. J. Kemp 22999-01-02, on rock, 6 m; male. This alga had a generally comparable habit to that of Chondracanthus acicu- laris in having distichous branching, but the primary axes were flattened, to 4.0- 4.5 mm wide, and the secondary axes to 2.5 mm wide. Branching was to the third order. The internal structure consisted of a loose network of medullary filaments and a cortex of branching filaments 6-7 cells long. A distribution in the North and South Atlantic Oceans was reported by Hommersand et al. (1993) for this species. The record of C. teedei from the Seychelles by Untawale and Jagtap (1989) was regarded by Silva et al. (1996) as likely to represent the same species that had been reported from other Indian Ocean localities as C. (Gigartina) acicularis. Yet, the Omani material here identified as C. teedei and C. acicularis (above) is quite different in appearance in terms of overall size, width of the axes, and degree of branching. RHODYMENIALES Rhodymeniaceae Chrysymenia grandis Okamura Pigs. 2, 3. Oman. Mirbat Island, southeast of Mirbat, Dhofar (16.95000°N, 54.74583°E).: 23. 1x. 1999, leg. EF. Dodsworth 23999-02-02, 11 m, on rock. Atery Cove (16.96094°N, 54.75627°E), east of Jazirat Hino, east of Mirbat, Dhofar: 13. ix. 2000, leg. G. Richards 13092000-06-21, sublittoral, cystocarpic. Grindstone Cove (16.95116°N, 54.81650°E), east of Mirbat, Dhofar: 18. ix. 2000, leg. M. Wynne 18092000-12-09, cystocarpic, in drift. “Reef Stingray Cove” (16.96091°N, 54.82795°E), east of Mir- bat, Dhofar: 24. ix. 2000, leg. G. Richards & T. Collins 24092000-17-01, cystocarpic & tetrasporangiate, sublittoral. 2001 WYNNE: MARINE ALGAE FROM OMAN—III 393 gnc gy FIG. 2. Chrysymenia grandis. Herbarium specimen collected by E. Dodsworth, Mirbat Is- land, 22. ix. 1999. Chrysymenia grandis was originally described from Tateyama Bay, Honshu, Japan (Okamura 1933). This appears to be the first report of this species outside Japan, and it reinforces the concept that there is a high incidence of shared ma- rine algal species between Japan and Oman (Bérgesen 1934b; Wynne 2000). Vari- ous authors (Okamura 1933, pl. 301; Chihara 1975; Yoshida 1998) have depicted C. grandis as consisting of large tubular fronds that are elongate and filled with clear 394 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 FIG. 3. Chrysymenia grandis. Herbarium specimen collected by G. Richards and T. Collins, 24. ix. 2000. 2001 WYNNE: MARINE ALGAE FROM OMAN—III 395 mucous, or jelly, and this is true for the Omani specimens. Japanese thalli have been depicted as branched primarily near the base and then irregularly branched distally into finger-like segments. The Omani material, which otherwise is in agree- ment, has branches arising variously from along the primary axes and with branch- ing to 2 or 3 orders (Figs. 2, 3). Omani specimens showed great variation in their dimensions. Most individual axes were 10-18 cm long, but older primary axes could reach 38 cm in length. Most axes were 12-19 mm wide, but occasional older axes reached 44 mm in width. The Omani specimens included tetrasporangiate and cystocarpic thalli. Kajimura (1977, 1998) has described the reproductive mor- phology of fertile material from Japan. In describing two new species of Chrysymenia from the tropical western Atlantic, Norris and Ballantine (1995) provided a key to the eight species they recognized as occurring in that region. The thalli of their newly described species, C. nodulosa and C. littleriana, both reach comparable sizes to those of C. grandis, but they are much more densely branched than in C. grandis. Lomentariaceae Gelidiopsis variabilis (J. Agardh) Schmitz Sadh (17.05000°N, 55.07500°E), Dhofar: 1. xii. 1996, leg. J. Stirn. Gelidiopsis variabilis, the type species of the genus, has a wide distribution in tropical seas, including the Indian Ocean (Silva et al. 1996) and the Caribbean (Littler & Littler 2000). Yoshida (1998) has reported G. gracilis (Kiitzing) Feld- mann from Japan, but this species has been treated as conspecific with G. variabilis by Norris (1987). In recent years the genus Gelidiopsis had been assigned to the Rhodymeniaceae (Price & Kraft 1991; Silva et al. 1996; Wynne 1998a); however, Saunders et al. (1999) presented evidence based on molecular analyses to place it in the Lomentariaceae. Champiaceae Champia indica Bgrgesen Fig. 4 Oman. On small island (16.95000°N, 54.74853°E), east of Mirbat, Dhofar: 23. ix. 1999, leg. G. Richards 23999-02-04, on rock, 12 m depth. Atery Cove (16.96094°N, 54.75627°E), east of Jazirat Hino, east of Mirbat, Dhofar: 13. 1x. 2000, leg. M. Wynne & G. Minton 13092000-06-02, tetrasporangiate, attached at 7 m and in drift. The Omani specimens (Fig. 4) are in general agreement with Bgrgesen’s (1933) description of this alga, its thalli reaching about 15 cm in height; however, the segment width of up to 5.5 mm is more robust than the width of 3.0 mm reported by Bgrgesen. The cortex is single-layered, but the larger cortical cells cut off smaller cells from their corners, producing a discontinuous layer of these small cortical cells. Reedman and Womersley (1976) pointed out the usefulness of the character of the distribution of the longitudinal filaments coursing in the interior of the thallus: either scattered over the central diaphragms and located at the periphery, or restricted to the periphery of the thallus. In the Omani specimens, these longitudi- nal filaments showed the scattered distribution in agreement with Bgrgesen’s descrip- tion of their running “in the interior of the joints.” Bgrgesen (1933) regarded C. indica as related to C. affinis (Hooker & Harvey) J. Agardh of southern Australia and New Zealand. In the latter species the longitudinal filaments are restricted to the periphery of the interior of the thallus (Womersley 1996). 396 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 DO FIG. 4. Champia indica. Herbarium specimen collected by G. Richards, 23. ix. 1999, CERAMIALES Ceramiaceae eye) elegans (Berthold) J. Price & D. John MAN. 500 m east of Mirbat Island, southeast of Mirbat, Dhofar (16.95116°N, 54 74800°E): 28. ix. 1999, leg. E. Dodsworth 28999-04-03, epiphytic on Valoniopsis pachynema (Martens) Bgrgesen, 12 m depth; leg. E. Dodsworth 28999-04-12, tetrasporangiate; epiphytic on Chondria curvilineata, 12 m depth. The thalli consisted of both creeping and erect axes, and there were usually 3 subequal whorl-branches per segment. Prostrate axes were attached by whorl- branches developing into elongate, unicellular rhizoids; these whorl-branches were sometimes unicellular or few-celled. Whorl-branches usually reached only 9 cells in length. Gland cells were abundant, often in series of up to 3, and were produced on lateral cells remote from the tips of whorl-branches. This intercalary mode of formation and other features conform to Antithamnionella elegans. This species can be distinguished from A. breviramosa (Dawson) Wollaston and A. verticillata (Suhr) Lyle, in both of which species gland cells are produced terminally, and from A. graeffei (Grunow) Athanasiadis, with both laterally and terminally pro- duced gland cells (Athanasiadis 1996). One of the collections included plants 2001 WYNNE: MARINE ALGAE FROM OMAN—III 397 bearing tetrasporangia. They are sessile, and are produced on periaxial cells and the second cells of whorl-branches. They show a cruciate-decussate cleavage pat- tern. Their measurements of 18-26 pm in height and 16-20 um in diameter are smaller than the “to 40 um X 23 um” reported by Athanasiadis (1996). Antithamnionella flagellata (Bergesen) Abbott, which was described from Mau- ritius (B@rgesen 1945), was treated as a synonym of A. graeffei by Athanasiadis (1996). The whorl-branches of A. graeffei also differ by their greater length, com- posed of up to 20 cells, whereas those of A. elegans reach up to only 12 cells. There have been prior reports of A. elegans from India (Dixit 1968) and Pakistan (Anand 1943). Desikachary et al.’s (1998) record from India included A. brevira- mosa as conspecific, following the proposal made by Cormaci and Furnari (1988), but Athanasiadis (1996) provided grounds for the separation of A. elegans and A. breviramosa, namely, the differing modes of gland cell formation. Ceramium filiculum Harvey ex Womersle Oman. Sadh (17.05000°N, 55.07500°E), Dhofar: 1. xii. 1996, leg. J. Stirn (=Wynne 11068), epiphytic on coarse red algae. Wadi Haart, Dhofar: 29. ix. 1983, leg. TRMU, Univ. of York. Al Ashkarah (21.83333°N, 59.57500°E): 6. xi. 1992, leg. B. Jupp (OMAN 210), epiphytic on Sarcodia. Ceramium filiculum was described from southern Australia by Womersley (1978) and has a discontinuous range extending from New South Wales to Western Australia (Huisman & Walker 1990; Millar 1990; Huisman 1997; Womersley 1998). According to Womersley (1998), it was depicted by Harvey (1862, pl. 206A, as “C. miniatum Suhr”). It was reported from the Seychelles with a query by Wynne (1995). Delesseriaceae Nitophyllum adhaerens M. J. Wynne Oman. Rock 500 m east of Mirbat Island, southeast of Mirbat, Dhofar (16.95116°N, 54.74800°E): 28. ix. 1999, leg. E. Dodsworth 28999-04-03, epiphytic on Valoniopsis pachynema (G. Martens) Bérgesen, 12 m depth. This species was originally described as occurring at various locations in the Caribbean Sea and from Bermuda; the type locality is in Quintana Roo, Mexico (Wynne 1997). Its range was extended significantly when it was reported from Hawaii (Abbott 1999). It is a small, monostromatic alga, the delicate blades becoming mutually connate by means of marginal rhizoids as well as by becoming closely attached to its algal hosts. Thus, it is easily overlooked or damaged when collected. Myriogramme bombayensis Bgrgesen Oman. Ras Hamar (“Donkey’s Head”), west of Mughsayl (16. 25000°N, 53.90000°E): 26. ix. 1983, leg. S. Hiscock. Rock 500 m east of Mirbat Island, southeast of Mirbat, Dhofar (16.95116°N, 54.74800°E): 28. ix. 1999, leg. G. Richards 28999-04-11, 12 m, epiphytic on Carpopeltis maillardii (Mont. & Millardet) Chiang. Although Hommersand and Fredericq (1997a, b) have placed the genera Myrio- gramme and Schizoseris in different tribes of the Delesseriaceae, some small- statured species assigned to these two genera remain poorly known. Bgrgesen (1931) described Myriogramme bombayensis from India as having small, stipitate blades, to about 3 cm tall, deeply lobed and with strongly developed, occasionally forking nerves. The lobes were depicted as becoming attached to one another by marginal rhizoids (Bgrgesen 1935). 398 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Bgrgesen (1931) admitted that the presence of dichotomously divided nerves suggested a connection of his Myriogramme bombayensis with Schizoseris, but the species assigned to that genus were all larger forms (Ricker 1987). Over the years, a total of three species of small-statured Schizoseris have been described: S. sub- dichotoma (Segawa) Yamada (1944) (Segawa 1941; Cho & Boo 1998), §. pygmaea Dawson (1950, 1962), and S. minima Kaneko & Masaki (1973). Yoshida (1998) treated S. minima as a taxonomic synonym of S. subdichotoma, whereas Abbott (1999) has recently placed both S. subdichotoma and S. pygmaea within M. bom- bayensis. Nevertheless, Abbott admitted that until cystocarpic plants of M. bom- bayensis have been studied in terms of the criteria proposed by Hommersand and Fredericq (1997a, b), it will be uncertain as to which is the correct generic assignment for this taxon (or these taxa). The present treatment is to follow the lead of these other authors in assigning this small Omani delesseriacean alga to Myriogramme. This species has also been reported from eastern Australia (Cribb 1954, 1983). Rhodomelaceae Acanthophora dendroides Harvey Oman. Taqah: 22. ix. 1983. leg. TMRU, Univ. of York; littoral turf. In their recent systematic treatment of Acanthophora, de Jong et al. (1999) recognized a total of seven species. Acanthophora dendroides has an Indian Ocean distribution, including its type locality of Rottnest Island, western Australia (Har- vey 1855), Indonesia (Weber-van Bosse 1923), India (Bergesen 1934a), Tanzania (Jaasund 1976), and Pakistan (Shameel & Tanaka 1992). This record represents the first report of this species from Oman. It has been compared with an isotype specimen in MICH (Harvey Aust. Exsicc. 139-a), and although the single Omani specimen is only 6 cm tall and lacks the basal portion, otherwise it has been observed to be in agreement with de Jong’s et al. (1999) concept of this species. The color is dark purple; the main axes are terete (0.5-1.0 mm in diameter) and densely branched. The determinate branches are basally constricted, with rounded apices and bearing | or 2 spines per branchlet. A stoloniferous base is characteris- tic of this species (de Jong et al. 1999), PHAEOPHYTA DICTYOTALES Dictyotaceae Dictyota cervicornis Kiitzin Oman. Sadh (17.05000°N, 55.07500°E), Dhofar: 4. iii. 1987, leg. L. Barratt, 9 m. Padina glabra Gaillard Oman. Cove between Tagah and Khor Rouri (17.02997°N, 54.43437°E), 2.3 km east of Taqah, east of Mirbat, Dhofar: 9. ix. 2000, leg. M. Wynne 09092000-01-01, attached to bottom of a deep tide pool. The only previous report of Padina glabra from the Indian Ocean was that of Rengasamy and Anand (1986) from India. The species was originally described by Gaillard (1966) from Dakar, Senegal, West Africa, and distinguished from other species in the genus by the absence of hairs (its most distinctive feature), the lack of calcification, the (3-) 4 cell-layered organization, and the non-indusiate nature 2001 WYNNE: MARINE ALGAE FROM OMAN—III 399 of the sporangial sori. More recently, this species was reported from Florida by Wynne and De Clerck (1999), the first record from the western Atlantic. The Omani specimens were abundant in a deep tide pool. The blades were 8.5-10.0 cm tall and often deeply split. They bore plantules in the region of the sori. The sori were located on both blade surfaces but were more abundant on the inferior face. The production of plantules in Padina glabra was reported in the Indian material (Rengasamy & Anand 1986) and in the Florida material (Wynne & De Clerck 1999). Padina somalensis Hauck Oman. Al Ayjah, Masirah Island (20.59166°N, 58.91666°E): 7. 11. 1997, leg. M. Wynne 10916. This collection consisted of about a dozen blades, which are lightly calcified with a stupose base and mostly deeply split. Cross sections showed the blades to be four layers in thickness throughout the thallus. Sporangia occurred in broad bands in alternating hair zones. Because Padina somalensis had a minimal original description provided by Hauck (1887) and because it has been seldom reported in the literature (Sartoni 1975), the holotype was borrowed from Leiden (L #937.60-89) and examined. It was collected in February, 1873, from Scara, Somalia, and consists of two specimens showing moderate calcification on one surface. The specimens are 12.0-12.5 cm tall, very deeply dissected, and heavily epiphytized. There are alter- nating fertile and sterile zones, with the sori in extremely broad bands and also with very broad bands of densely set hairs (6-10 deep). The distance between successive soral bands is (3-) 6 mm. The hair bands on the opposite surface of the blade are also densely set. The blades are four layers in thickness. There are some shared features with P. boergesenii Allender & Kraft (1993), in particular the alternating sterile and fertile bands, but that species is (2—) 3 layers in thickness. CHLOROPHYTA BRYOPSIDALES Bryopsidaceae Pseudobryopsis myura (J. Agardh) Berthold Figs. 5-14 Oman. Hoon’s Bay (17.00517°N, 54. 15339°E), east of Mirbat, Dhofar: 26. ix. 2000, leg. T. Collins 26092000-20-02, in sand at 8.5 m; gametangial. In their Indian Ocean catalogue, Silva et al. (1996) followed Taylor’s (1962) taxonomic treatment of including Pseudobryopsis (Berthold in Oltmanns 1904) within the circumscription of Trichosolen (Montagne 1860). Subsequently, Henne and Schnetter (1999) offered evidence to treat these heterotypic genera as dis- tinct. In their emended definitions of this pair of genera, Henne and Schnetter (1999) characterized Pseudobryopsis as having small chloroplasts without pyrenoids and having gametangia separated from the bearing axis by a plug, the contents emptied after discharge of the gametes. They described Trichosolen as having relatively large chloroplasts with pyrenoids and having gametangia that are in protoplasmic continuity with their bearing axes, such that following release of gametes the volume of the gametangium is refilled with protoplasm. Henne and Schnetter (1999) assigned six species to Pseudobryopsis. Criteria that have been used in the recognition of these species include the following: 400 . CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM 6 9 9-14 100pm borne in proximal region. FIG FIGS. 5-14. Pseudobryopsis myura. Camera-lucida drawings. FIGS. 5-8. Ramuli with gametangia . 9-14. Gametangia borne singly or in pairs per ramulus. Collected by T. Collins, 26. ix. 2000. height, width, and degree of branching of the primary axes; length and width of the ramuli; shape and relative size (length and width) of the gametangia, and their number and location on the bearing ramulus; size of the chloroplasts (Kobara & Chihara 1978; Henne & Schnetter 1999). The type species, P. myura (J. Agardh) Berthold, is known from the Mediterranean. The height of Mediterranean P. myura VOLUME 23 2001 WYNNE: MARINE ALGAE FROM OMAN-—III 401 is quite variable, ranging from 3 to 15 cm (Hamel 1931; Feldmann 1937). The specimens that were the basis of Yendo’s report of this species from Japan (Yen- do 1915, as Bryopsis myura) were later shown to belong to Bryopsis (Chihara & Kobara 1995). The single Omani specimen is robust, composed of many primary axes reaching 7 cm in height and 1.0 mm in diameter, and is densely fringed with determinate ramuli 1.2-2.2 mm long and 22-32 um wide. The main axes are occasionally branched with similar indeterminate branches. Ramuli are constricted at their proximal ends. All along the primary axes the ramuli bear numerous gametangia most often near their proximal ends (Figs. 5-8) but sometimes on mid-regions, the gametangia somewhat hidden beneath the dense fringe of the ramuli. One (Figs. 9-12) or two (Figs. 13, 14) gametangia are borne per ramulus, but occasionally three gametangia were present per ramulus (Fig. 7). The gametangia (Figs. 8-14) are papillate at their apices and are narrowed toward their bases. There is slight evidence of a pedicel; many sporangia appear to be sessile or subsessile on the ramulus. Mature gametangia presented two appearances: with finely granular, yellowish contents or with coarsely granular dark greenish contents. These are regarded to be the male and female gametangia, respectively, corresponding to these two types depicted in Chihara and Kobara (1995) for P. myura. In the Omani specimen, the size of the gametangium is dependent on from what part of the primary axes this structure is measured. In the mid-portion of a primary axis gametangia were measured to be 40-54 um wide (average of 50.4 ym based on 10 measurements) and 66-96 um long (average of 91.6 um based on 10 measure- ments). Gametangia that were measured in a more proximal region of a primary axis were 46-66 um wide (average of 57.3 ym based on 10 measurements) and 86— 128 um long (average of 107.5 um based on 10 measurements). The range of gametangial sizes when compared with those presented by Kobara and Chihara (1978, fig. 32) for the three species, P. myura, P. hainanensis, and P. oahuensis shows that the Omani material best conforms to the size range of P. myura. The width-length range corresponds to that given by Feldmann (1937) and also covers much of the broader size range later reported by Feldmann (1969) and by May- houb (1974) for Syrian material. Pseudobryopsis hainanensis was described by Tseng (1936) from Hainan Island, Guangdong Province, China, and was regarded to be endemic to that region (Tseng 1983), but it has been reported from southern Japan (Kobara & Chihara 1978; Okuda et al. 1987). Tseng (1936) described the primary axis in P. hainanensis to reach only 2. 2 cm in height, whereas Japanese material identified as P. hainanen- sis was stated to be 1.0-4.0 cm (Kobara & Chihara 1978) and to reach 3-10 cm in culture (Okuda et al. 1979, as P. sp.; Okuda et al. 1987). Although Tseng (1936) described a single gametangium per ramulus, Japanese workers (Kobara & Chi- hara 1978; Okuda et al. 1979, as P. sp.) have shown there may be 1, 2, or 3 gametangia per ramulus. With some reservation, Norris (1992) reported P. hain- anensis from northern Natal, South Africa, but reported his material to have somewhat larger ramuli (“pinnae”) and gametangia than reported in typical speci- mens. The Natal specimens were reported to reach a maximum height of 3.0 cm. The Omani specimen is not identified as P. hainanensis, because the gametangia in that species are significantly smaller (36-52 um wide and 52-78 ym long accord- ing to Tseng, 1936; 35-75 ym wide and 55-105 pm long, according to Kobara & Chihara, 1978). Thallus size is generally smaller in P. hainanensis, and the ramuli are shorter (only 1. 2 mm long). 402 CONTR. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN HERBARIUM VOLUME 23 Egerod (1952) described P. oahuensis from Hawaii as 3-5 cm tall, bearing ovate, pedicellate, terminally papillate gametangia 60-75 um wide and 135-150 mm long. There is some overlap in this gametangial size range with that reported for P. myura (Mayhoub 1974; Kobara & Chihara 1978). Egerod followed the erroneous literature concerning P. myura in thinking that its gametangia lacked an apical papilla and that its chloroplasts had pyrenoids. Later workers (Chihara & Kobara 1995) showed that P. myura has papillate gametangia and chloroplasts without pyrenoids. Numerous specimens of P. oahuensis in MICH collected by W. J. Gilbert and A. J. Bernatowicz have been examined. The height of the plants ranges from 2.0 to 10.0 cm, and the ramules are often to 2.0 mm long. Primary axes are most often simple. According to Egerod (1952), up to five gametangia can be borne per ramulus, a number that has not ever been reported for P. myura. Nasr (1941) described Pseudobryopsis papillata from the Red Sea, and so far it seems to be restricted to the Red Sea. Nasr’s plant reached a height of 15 cm. It clearly is distinguishable because of its repeatedly subdichotomous branching and the greater length (3-4 mm) of the ramuli. Also, the gametangia are globular to obovate (50-65 mm wide and 70-90 ym long), smaller than the gametangia in the Omani plant. Other species of the genus reported from the Indian Ocean include Pseudo- bryopsis thikkodiensis, described from India by Anil Kumar and Panikkar (1993), That species is distinct because of its small stature (to 1.5 cm height), the short ramuli, and the production of a single gametangium from each ramulus. Codiaceae Codium duthieae P. Silva in Silva & Womersley Oman. Mirbat, Dhofar: 31. ix. 1984, leg. TMRU. Dawwah, Masirah Island (20.55000°N, 58.80833°E): 6. ii. 1997, leg. M. Wynne 10942, in drift. This report represents the first record of this species from Oman. The type locality of this species is Strandfontein, False Bay, Cape Prov., South Africa (Silva & Womersley 1956), but it is also known from Mozambique, Kenya, and Australia (Womersley 1984; Silva et al. 1996; Van den heede & Coppejans 1996). It is a dichotomously or subdichotomously branched species. Axes may be entirely cylindri- cal, as they are in the Omani material, or they can be terete with flattening at the dichotomies, or with flattening almost throughout (Silva 1959). It is the relatively large size of the utricles that is one of the distinguishing characteristics for this species. They range (220—) 465-560 (—780) um in diameter near their apices and 1200-1400 um in length. The utricles are thin-walled and not capitate or orna- mented at their tips. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Some of the field work for this work was part of the Algal Biodiversity Project of Oman (1999- 2002), funded by a Darwin Initiative grant for the Survival of Species, which in turn is administered by the British Government’s Department of the Environment, Transport and the Regions (DETR). The project was managed by Hunting Technical Services Development Ltd., U.K., working with the Natural History Museum of Muscat, Oman, and supported by the Natural History Museum of Lon- don and the University of Michigan. I am grateful to the following persons who made the algal collections: Emma Dodsworth, Glenn Richards, Genevieve Temple, Jason Hall-Spencer, Gianna Minton, and Tim Collins. Ms. Dodsworth and Mr. Richards were members of the HTS staff. Dr. Temple, Dr. Hall-Spencer, and Mrs. Minton were volunteers on the Hellaniyats 99 Expedition, and 2001 WYNNE: MARINE ALGAE FROM OMAN—III 403 Mrs. Minton and Mr. Collins participated on the September, 2000, Dhofar expedition. The Darwin Initiative is part of the British Government’s Department of Environment Transport and the Regions (DETR). m grateful to David Bay, Department of Biology, University of Michigan, for his photographic assistance. Gerald T. Kraft of the University of Melbourne, Australia, and Olivier De Clerck of the University of Cape Town, South Africa, provided useful advice in making some of the determinations. LITERATURE CITED Abbott, I. A. 1999. 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