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Contributions to Western Botany, No. 10.

BY MARCUS E. JONES.

The following paper on Allium is the result of anattempt to
arrange the species of onions in systematic order so far as they
are known to exist in the Great Basin and adjoining regions.
Outside species are mentioned by way of comparison, and all are
arranged in what the writer believes to be the genetic order, so
as to save repetition. Nearly all the Great Basin species have
been studied critically in the field. The illustrations are all
from actual bulb coats drawn to a scale of forty diameters, and
each number under a figure represents the number of the species
in this paper.

. ZONAL DISTRIBUTION.

Without going into discussion of the terms used in relation
to zonal distribution, the writer will give a summary of what
he published several years ago. The flora of the World is
divisible into two grand divisions, Tropical and Temperate.
Yhe Tropical flora is bounded by the isotherm of 58° annual
temperature approximately but varies down to 56° in very dry
regions, and above 60° in humid regions. For our region in the
dry areas its characteristic zonal plant is Larrea tridentata,
in California it is Adenostoma fasciculata.

The Temperate grand division is separable into Lower,
Middle, Upper, and Frigid.

The Lower Temperate ranges down to 50-52° annual tem-
perature according to the humidity, its characteristic zonal

piant is Juniperus Utahensis (which gives the name Juniper Belt

2 Contributions to Western Botany.

or Zone to this division). Pinus monophylla also has the same
distribution but is Jess common, in our region. The apple and
peach have nearly the same distribution but the apple runs up a
little into the Middle Temperate while the peach runs down a
little into the Tropical but stops short at the upper edge of the
Lower Temperate. This is the Upper Sonoran of Merriam but
has no relation to the Tropical Zone in which it is placed by
him, its whole flora is distinctly Temperate. The sagebrush
(Artemisia tridentata) also stops short off at the lower edge of the
Lower Temperate but goes entirely through the Middle Temper-
ate also.

The Middle Temperate is limited by the upper edge of
the distribution of Juniperus Utahensis and runs to the upper
limit of the sagebrush and the deciduous oak (Quercus Gam-
belii), it also touches the lower edge of the distribution of the
spruce and aspen in the Great Basin, though the latter is of no
value zonally in Idaho or the eastern States asit runs far down
into the Middle Temperate in those regions. The characteristic
plant of this zone is the deciduous oak and gives it the name of
Oak Belt or Zone. Pinus ponderosa isalsoa good zonal plant for
this belt in the Great Basin; but in Idaho itrunsup alittle too far in
the Upper Temperate. This division is the Transition of Merriam
but it is a poor name as it shows no transition to the Tropical as
Merriam supposed, and shows less intermingling of floras than
the Upper Temperate.

The Upper Temperate is characterized by the spruce and
many other conifers, and runs up to the treeless regions or flora,
from the upper edge of the sagebrush and oak distribution. Tt 1s
called the Spruce Belt or Zone.

The Frigid Zone cannot be kept distinet from the ‘Temperate

as ithas neither genera nor species sufficient to warrant any.

Contributions to Western Botany. 3

thing but to rank as a subdivision. It is divisible into the
Alpine and Arctic according to whether it is found on moun-
tain tops or not.

A peculiar feature in the life zones is the tendency to form
tongues along streams which run far down into the lower zone,
and other tongues on dry south slopes which run far up into the
upper zone. These must be considered in determining the life
zone of a species. These tongues are more extended as the
temperature falls. All the so-called subalpine meadows are
really alpine in origin.

BESS.

The use of the usual key signs is very confusing. Instead of
these marks the writer has for years used in private a system of
letters and will adopt this in all keys hereafter. Parts of keys
that are co-ordinate are represented by the same letter, as A., 24°,
3A., ete. Subordinate sections are represented by the next
lower letter in the alphabet, combined. with the first letter such
as AB. Subordinate sections which are co-ordinate with each
other are represented by AB., A2B., A3B., ete. The same
method is used with sections that are subordinate to these, ete.

e

ALLIUM.

Flowers white to purple, never yellow, capsule from depressed-
globose to obovate, often deeply lobed and with aspongy appendage
on or near the top of each cell, called a crest; base of the style
enclosed between the lobes of the ovary and jointed to its top, cells
1-2 ovuled at the base; filaments usually flat and dilated at the
base; bracts, also called valves, 1-5, generally more or less united
when young; leaves 1-several, fleshy, rarely leathery; scape from
a several- to many-coated bulb, which, ina very few cases only,
arises from the end of a rootstock, taste and smel] that of strong
onions; in all our species the leaves are sheathed at the base, the
sheaths rising about to the surface of the ground, rarely above it,
the bracts are never elongated beyond the flowers and the fila-
ments are without teeth or points at the apex, the bases being
united into a ring under the ovary, in our species. Yhe follow-
ing arrangement of species is based on what the author regards
to be the genetic relationship, beginning with the lowest forms
and ending with the highest. In a critical study of the onions,
it is found that all but the very thinnest coats of the bulb are
double and rarely triple, the main central coat having a very
thin outer covering, which always, except perhaps in A. attenui-
folium and possibly its allies and A. acuminatum, possesses
rectangular markings arranged in vertical rows, the innermost
portion of the coat, when present, generally has the same rect-
angular markings as the external portion of the main coat and is
like it in texture; the main coat generally has peculiar markings
which are characteristic of the species and of critical value in
classification; all coats have several to many vertical ribs which
branch only in the last section of the genus and mark the most
highly developed species; coats often seabrous: cceasionally. how-

Contributions to Western Botany. ‘i
ever, the markings are wholly absent. The floral characters,
upon which much stress has been laid in classification, generally
have but little value, the pedicels, filaments, and sepals being
very variable in length and the erests of the ovary still more

variable, running in some species from nothing to very long and -

even dissected. It is only when the sepals are very obtuse or
very narrow and the filaments of unusual length that these
characters seem to have much value in classification. Since the
normal markings of the family are vertical ones and since a root-
stock is less highly developed than a bulb, we take as the lowest
species those having rootstocks at the ends of the bulbs and those
having vertical markings on the bulb coats; we pass through
those species having transverse markings to those having con-
torted markings with contorted walls, thence to those which
have the same markings developed into oblique ribs and fibres.
Nearly all our onions grow in soil which is moist in the spring,
rarely are they found in wet meadows or boggy places. The
species of this genus are entirely confined to the temperate zones.

A. Ribs of bulb coats not branching nor uniting into meshes,

and so the bulbs are not fibrous coated, except A.madidum
and fibrillum, which are minutely fibrous, but this latter is
not caused by the union of ribs.

AB. Bulb coats few, with many ribs, not reticulated; bulbs
lanceolate, tapering at tip, without rootstock, erect or nearly
so, cross section of leaves round and hollow, and leaves
several; peduncles not winged; no threads on the bulb-
coats as they decay.

1. A. Sibiricum L. Mant. 562. Common name Chives.
Closely allied to A. Schcenoprasum L. Scapes stout; umbel coa-
densed and with very short pedicels; flowers bright rose-colored;
sepals 4-5” long; stamens not exserted; capsule noterested. This
abounds from New Brunswick and northward to Alaska across
the continent, and, though rare southward, it is found in the
high mountains of northern Utah and Wyoming.

*

6 Contributions to Western Botany.

A2B. Bulb coats many, marked by about 16-20 delicate ribs
(except perhaps in A, Brandegei) which rarely produce any
branches at right angles to them; proper bulb very small;
propagating hy division of main bulb, which is 1-2’ long.

A2BC. Reticulation of bulb coat vertically-oblong or narrow,
' sometimes little wrinkles occur in the coat which appear
like cross-ribs, coats very thin and delicate; bulbs with
tapering and long apex; leaves several, straight, not thick
nor leathery, arising from crown of the bulb.

A2BCD. Bulbs lanceolate in outline, about 2’ long (rarely 1’
long in A. brevistylum), with a thick central stem or stems
arising from the crown which is conspicuously sheathed
with white membranes and which bear several long, nar-
row, flat leaves which are barely acute; bulbs ascending,
crowning a conspicuous rootstock; flowers on slender pedi-
cels; top of peduncle thickened into a knot (which is not
couspicuous inA.brevistylum) and peduncle flattened and
winged; sepals gibbous at hase; stems erect, 1-8° high; ribs
of bulb-coats persisting as straight threads after the thin
portion has perished; plants growing in wet meadows,
moStly at high elerations and blooming in July.

A2BCDE. Flowers pink or purple, many; ovary obscurely if at
all crested; Sepals conspicuously acuminate.

2. A. validum Watson Bot. King 5 350 Rootstock grad-
ually changing into a bulb and rooting on the under side; root-
lets thick aud coarse; ribs of hulb-coats about 16, extending to
tip of the leaf; stems stout, often 6” thick and sometimes 3° high
and correspondingly winged; leaves 2-6” wide, 1-2° isha Howers
with conspicuously exserted stamens; filaments gradually widen-
ing toward the base; anthers nearly linear; sepals

and pedicels
short, bracts 2-4. very broadly ovate

3. A. brevistylum Watson Bot. King 5 350. Rootstock

Fate ater stoma

Contributions to Western Botany. 7
ending abruptiy and crowned by ong or more bulbs which root
on the lower side and have many dead coats at base on the out-
side, they are also very much smaller than in A. validum, with
stems about 1-2” thick and not over14° high; peduncles obscurely
winged; leaves about half as long as the stems, 6-10’ long, about
2” wide, with 8-10 ribs; bract 1; pedicels about 1’ long; flowers
about 4” long; filaments deltoid at base and aduate nearly to the
top of the broad portion; anthers very broadly-oblong, 4 the
length of those in A. validum. This grows iv the high moun-
tains ef Utah and northward to the Big Horn Mts., Wyoming,

and in Montana. It is also found in Colorado.

‘A2BCD2E. Flowers few, white; capsule long-crested.

4. A. Plummerze Watson Proc. A. A. 18 195. Bracts 2,
long-acuminate, 1’ long, as long as the slender pedicels; sepals
lanceolate, acute, 4” long, longer than the stamens. ‘This grows
in Tanner’s Canon, Huachuca Mts., S. Arizona.

A2BC2D. Bulbs with an ovate base and prolonged apex, the
whole 2-4’ long, bulbs not arising from a rootstock, coats
reddish; leaves about half as long as the peduncles, flat;
stems Slender, about 1-114° high, not at all winged nor flat-

_ tened except at the short clavate tip; stamens more or less
exserted; flowers roSe-colored, few to many, Sepals about 2’’
long; capsules crested; pedicels filiform; bulb rooting along
the lower corner, and so is oblique, propagating by divi-
sion into about two bulblets, which are produced at the
crown of the roots and occupying the same sheath as the
mother bulb; the shining body of the bulblet projects more
or less below the mother bulb.

5. A. cernuum Roth. Roem. Arch. 1 pt. 3 40. Bulbs as-
cending, never quite erect, tip of new bulb barely | projecting
beyond the mother coat; alternate bulb coats thicker and all
coats close together; leaves linear to narrowly so, 1-2” wide;
peduncles enlarged at very tip and hooked; pedicels very slen-
der, about 4-1’ long; flowers bell-shaped to urn-shaped; sepals

8 Contributions to Western Botany.

broadly elliptical and barely acute; stamens loug-exserted; fila-

ments slender, not enlarged at base. This includes A, recurva-

tum Rydberg FI. Mont. 94, which is described as having more

slender peduncles, larger bracts, sepals with more distinet veins

and narrower not keeled leaves with rounded cross section, not

flattened, flowers brighter red; but the characters given do not

hold at all. This grows mostly in the pine belt (Middle Tem-

perate) reanone of the mountains of Colorado and Utah, but is—
also found in Texas and throughout Southern British America

to Alaska. It blooms in July.

Neo- poe Rydberg Torr. Bull. 26 541. Bulb

bracts very small; sepals oblong ovate, acute, nearly white,
without midvein; stamens and style exserted. Vhis appears to
be a form of A. cernuum. rgan Mountains, New Mexico, also
Arizona and south Colorado.

A. cernuum var. obtusum Cockerell, seems to be one of the
usual forms of the species.

6. A. haematochiton Watson Proc. A.A. 14 227. Bulbs erect
or ascending, clustered, coats sometimes 4’ long, loose, generally
brilliant-dark-purple as well as the shining bulblet at their base
this sometimes projects its entire length below the mother coat,
like a claw; Jeaves filiform, many; peduncles not hooked; pedi-
cels not over 6” long, enlarged at tip; sepals almost acute
to acuminate, open, broadly elliptical to lanceolate; stamens
variable, filaments abruptly dilated at base, which is oblong
and attached high up; capsule slightly if at all crested on the
corners. This grows from the Sierras at Soda Springs, Nevada
Co., California, to Mexico and blooms from April to July.

A. Californicum Rose Cont. Nat. Herb. 1 12. Leaves mostly
shorter than the scape; bracts 2, ovate, acute; flowers 4-5, dark
purple; pedicels 5-8” long; sepals lanceolate- acuminate; stamens |
included; promeely is a form of the above. Lagoon Head, Lower
Calif. Palmer

A2B2C. Bulbs erect, or nearly so, generally a little oblique at

Contributions to Western Botany. 9

base, not conspicuously prolonged (somewhat so in some
Dougliasii forms and even 2’ long) about, or nearly 1’ long;
coats normally white and shining, seldom red, rarely with
any reticulation but the faint normal, vertical, rectangu-
Jar ones, except A. anceps, Lemmoni, and parrum rar.
Bruce; leaves 2, thick and leathery, hooked or conspicu-
ously curved; peduncles flattened and more or less winged
above, Slender below and brittle, thickened at the bracts;
flowers pink or purple; plants not over 1° high.

A2B2CD. Stamens not shorter than the sepals, except in A.
anceps rar. aberrans; valves very broad, often longer
than the pedicels which are thickened above; with bulb
coats not red, without transverse or special markings
except in A. anceps; Scapes low, shorter than the leaves,
except in A. Hendersoni; sepals very narrow and Slender,
fanceolate in A. anceps var. aberrans, Shorter, and ovate
in A. Hendersoni, light eae taper-pointed; capsule
depressed-globose, nearly 3’’ wide.

7. A. platycaule Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 234. Peduncles fiat
and wide, 3-4’ long; leaves conspicuously hooked, 4-12” broad,
longer than the peduncles; flowers very many, on slender, 4-8’’-
long pedicels; stamens conspicuously exserted, anthers triangular
lanceolate, deeply notched at base; bracts 3-5; ovary not crested;
sepals appearing scarcely wider than the filaments, except at
base; bulb coats white; blooms in July; grows in rocky places in
the high Sierras.

8. A. anceps Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad.2 109. Peduncles 1-2”
wide above, narrowly winged, 3-4’ long; leaves about 2-3” wide;
bracts 2; pedicels slender, thickened above, about 4’ long, flow-
ers less than 20; stamens about equaling the sepals, anthers
often contracted in the middle; bulbs white and coats white,
except at least one coat which is yellowish, thick and densely
reticulated with fine, parallel, transversely and narrowly oe
pointed meshes; capsule with 6, broad, obtuse crests; blooms in
May along the eastern base of the Sierras at low elevations.

10 Contributions to Western Botany.

9. . Var. aberrans n. var. ’ Pedicels4 -1}’ long; flowers 30-60;
stamens two-thirds as long as the sepals; peduncles 6-8’ long;
sepals lanceolate-acuminate, 4” long; reticulations broader, bulb-—
coats thicker but not yellowish, outer bulb-coats brown; ovary
crestless or only ridged, globose. This grows at Weiser, Idaho.

10. A. Hendersoni Rob. & Seat. Bot. Gaz. 18 237. Leaves
about 4’ wide; scape much exceeding the leaves, about one foot
high; flowers many; valves 3; sepals rhombic-ovate at base,
purple with light midribs; stamens exserted; ovary 6-crested.
Pullman, Wash. Blooms in May.

A2B2C2D. Stamens shorter than the sepals; sepals never
very narrow; bracts broad,2; scapes generally shorter
than the leaves; capsule not over 2” wide, globose. The
species under this section are badly confused and are
probably reducible to2 or 3, since the characters are ance
based upon the very variable capsule crests.

A2B2C2DE. Bulb coats without markings, except in A. par-
vum var. Bruce,

11. A. Douglasii Hook. Fl. Bor. Am. 2 185. This cos-
mopolitan species is described as follows: Scape 8-10’ high;

_ flowers pale rose-colored, 3-4” long, segments lancéolate-acumi-
og mate, scarcely exceeding the stamens and style; ovary not at all
crested... The pedicels vary from about 4” to J’ long and from
Slender to stout; the sepals are very variable in length and

width and the stamens run from half to nearly the length of the
sepals., Since Hooker considered this to differ but slightly from
the well-known A. Tolmiei, andsince the latter we know. does
not differ specifically from several other forms described below,
we will take Douglasii as a type. This species grows generally
in large patches i in rocky places or even on clay banks in poor
soil and the bulbs are often densely aggregated but none of them
are bulbiferous but propagate by fission (division); they are
frequently ascending. This onion is much used by Indians for
food as the bulbs. are large and edible, and has the character-

Contributions to Western Botany. 11

istic long underground sheathed stem of thisgroup. Thisspecies is
found chiefly from Southwestern Idaho and Oregon to British
Columbia, but has been reported from Utah and Nevada. The
following are the forms which have been described as species:
A. Cusickii Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 228 is a form jess than 6’ high
with lanceolate, broadly acuminate sepals nearly twice as long as
the stamens, and ovary cells with a little point on each corner;
Union County, Oregon. Also found on the Clearwater, central
Idaho. .A. pleianthum Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 232. This differs
from A. Cusickii only in having the ovary conspicuously 6-
crested and sepals gibbous at base. Has been found in Southern
Idaho.and Eastern Oregon. A. Tolmiei Baker Bot. Mag.7 6227.
This is also low, with the usual light purple to pink: flowers with
lanceolate sepals, ‘acute, gibbous ‘at base, half longer than
stamens, and obscurédly ‘crested ovary. ' This is recorded from
Parley’s park, Utah, ‘Southérn Idaho, aad Northward; ’ “probably
also Western Utah and Nevada, Souk Some of the Nevada
forms have very narrow leaves 1-2” wide with 3, central, vari-
able crests, much like A. falcifolium. The Nevada forms are
probably A. Brandegei.

12. A. crenulatum Wiegand “Torr. Bull. 26 135, t 355.
Plants 3-4’ high, from a small and globose bulb; scape winged
3” wide, edges crenulately roughened as well as the leaves;
leaves 24-3’ long, 2” wide, recurved; flowers few; sepals pink, 4”
long, lanceolate, acutish; stamens 4 the sepals; anthers shert-
oblong; ovary 6-crested at tip; pedicels shorter than the flowers;
bracts 2, large, ovate, oblong, acute, 4-5” long. Said to be near
A. Douglasii. Olympic Mts., Wash. bind

The following species are kept separate from A. Douglasii by

are almost too closely related, though parvum will stan id.

13. A. Breweri Wats. Proc. A. A.14 233. Thisdiffers from
Cusickii in having acute sepals -one-third longer than’ the
stamens, and ovary and capsule: with a thick,. slightly..tohed

12 Contributions to Western Botany.

crest at the tip of each cell. Found on Mount Diablo, Western
California.

14. A. falcifolium H. & A. Bot. Beech. 400. This differs
from Cusickii in being about half as high, with attenuate and
spreading sepals which are glandular serrulate, and capsule with
3, short, narrow, central crests. This is, probably, the only
valid species and occurs in the Coast Range from Sonoma to
Humboldt County, Calif.

15. A. parvum Kell. Proc. Cal. Acad. 3 54. Bulbs white,
scales very thin, apparently not double, very base of scales
sometimes with markings of var. Bruce; scapes scarcely rising
above the ground; bracts short, broadly ovate, not as long as
pedicels, barely acute; flowers normally deep red; leaves very
long and linear, about 1” wide; pedicels short and flowers almost
capitate; sepals oblong, obtuse, always with a dark midrib, about
4” long; ovary with obscure crest-like ridges. Common on the
Eastern side of the Sierras in the vicinity of Reno, Nevada.
April and May.

16. Var. Brucae n. var. Leaf1, sheathing; pedicels 4-6”
long; sepals paler, 4” long; ovary crestless; filaments two-thirds
the sepals, broad and flattened below, tapering; bracts sharply
acute; outer bulb scales distinctly marked with the meshes of A.
tribracteatum nearly, but vertical instead of horizontal. No.
1907, Yankee Hill, Butte County, Calif., April, 1897, Mrs. C. C.
Bruce.

A2B2C2D2E. Bulb coats with horizontally oblong reticula-
tions, which run from nearly hexagonal to transversely
linear.

17. A. Lemmoni Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 234, differs from A.
Cusickii only in segments being ovate-lanceolate, gibbous, a
little longer than the stamens; ovary cells with broad, obscure
crests on each side and reticulated bulb scales. Found in the
Sierras. To this probably belong the specimens collected by the
writer at Eagle Lake, north of Susanville, Calif., No. 6666, in

Contributions to Western Botany. 13

which the scape is about 1° high; bulbs propagate by division;
lower end of some bulb scales with the markings of A.- Brande-
gei; leaves shorter than the stems, 1-2”’ wide; pedicels about: 1’
long; sepals from ovate to lanceolate-acuminate; stamens ‘nearly
equaling the sepals; ovary not atall crested. This is manifestly
very close to A. anceps.

18. A. Brandegei Wats. Proc. A. A. 17 380. Pediat

very short, rising but little above the ground, slightly Winged,
bulbs ovate, markings of some of the outer coats vary on “the

same bulb from transversely linear to openly and almost regularl§ ¥
hexagonal, one of the coats generally thick like A. anceps; leavés”
rather narrow, about 2” wide; pedicels short, slender, about 4”.

long; flowers purplish; sepals broadly lanceolate, acute, 3-47 long,
nearly double the stamens, but variable.to oblong and obtuse:
A. miser Piper is the same with obtuse sepals. . Gathered by
Brandegee on the Elk Mts., Colo. First collected by Cleburn

many years ago at Boise City, Idaho; also by orgaes in eres

County, Oregon.

A8B. Peduncles not winged: bulb coats several .to many, .

marked by 8-12 delicate ribs which do not branch; the
bulbs often solid within the coats and generally more than
half of the whole, propagating variously, ovate to spherical,
generally small, erect, never from a rootstock; bulb, coats
none of them fibrous-meshed nor becoming a mass of
interwoven, coarse threads with diamond-shaped meshes

when old.
A8BC. Reticulations of the bulb coats vertically oblong or
‘narrower, in many rows, walls not finely. contorted; gen-
erally straight; bracts 2, rarely 3 in Acsambigutrn; sepals
not serrulate; outer bulb coats dark or reddish;'flowérs rose-

colored; pedicels 2- 9’’ long, slender, except in A. Bigelovii;

leaves 2 or more, not Surpassing the scape.

19. A. scaposum Benth. Ovary obscurely, ifat all, 3-crested:
peduneles 1° or more high; reticulations linear,” straight: wid

’

14 Contributions to Western Botany.

coarse; flowers rather few, loose; stamens included; sepals lance-
olate-acuminate, 3-4” long, midvein ouly red... This may be A.
Kunthii Don., which is Scheenoprasum lineare HBK. Southern
and western Texas to southern Arizona and southern iar
zone.

20. A. Stellatum Fraser, Ker. Bot. Mag. t 1576. Outer bulb
coats reddish; peduncles rather tall; ovary 6-crested; reticula-
tions very, fan and close, linear, sepals 2-3” long; bracts acute;
stamens exserted. Western edge of the plains from the Sas-
katchewan to Iowa in the Oak Belt, and reported in north-
western Texas.

21. A. Bigelovii Wats. King’s Hop: 5. 487. .. Peduneles
not over 6’ high; reticulations vertically oblong, broad; pedicels
stout; sepals oblong-lanceolate, acute, 4-6” long; crests conspicu-
ous. Arizona and New Mexico.

A3B2C. Reticula tion tratianoreele oblong, hexagonal. or
absent, walls not at all sinuous nor beaded, except some
of the horizontal lines have a few wavresin the species from
A. attenuifolium to‘A. Per nenince, gelesen fe

A3B2CD. Spécial reticula tions absent or unknown.

A3 B2CDE. Leares not longer than the peduncles; peduncles
not over 6’ high; sepals acute, except in A. scilloides, not
over 4’’ long.

A3B2CDEF. Leaves 2; reticulations unknown.

A3B2CDEFG. Ovary not crested, or obscurely so.

22. A. scilloides Dougl. Wats, Proc. A.A. 14. 229. Bopale
oblong-lanceolate, obtuse, 3” long, half longer than the stamens;
ovary crestless. Columbia rivér, Oregon.

23. A. collinum Dougl. Sepals ovate-lanceolate, acute, 4”
long, double the slender stamens; capsule obscurely ridged at the
summit, Said to be abundant on the Blue Mts., Oregon. An
obscure species.

Contributions to Western Botany. Ld

A3SB2CDEF2G6. Peduncles 3-5’ high; ovary prominently
crested; filaments filiform not dilated below, except at
disk; flowers colored; sepals acute, longer than the
stamens. i

24. A. campanulatum Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 231. Umbels
somewhat nodding, many flowered; pedicels slender, from 4-1}’
long; flowers rather bell-shaped; sepals broadly ovate-lanceolate,
acute to short-acuminate, 4” long, one-third longer than the
stamens. Sierra Nevadas, Mariposa to Plumas Counties, Calif.
See No. 52.

25. A. Bidwelliae Wats. Proc. A.A. 14 231. Peduncles
not over 3’ high; flowers rather few; pedicels 6” long; sepals nar-
rowly lanceolate, acuminate, about 3” long, ‘stamens nearly
equaling them. Sierras, above Chico, Calif. May. :

A3B2CDE2F.. Leaf 1, narrow; bulbs red, brownish in A. crista-
tum, ovate to nearly round, about 9’’ long; fHowers many,
bracts 2, rarely more, ovate, acuminate, Shorter than the
widely spreading pedicels; sepals acuminate; plants about

_ 6 high.

A3B2CDE2FG. Pedicels 6-9’’ long, slender.

26. A. Parryi Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 231. Bulbcoats rather ©
thick and stiff, inclined to be dull, few, outer part of coats. with
rectangular and vertical, faint reticulations, rather prominent by
reflected light; bulbs propagate by cracking open at the bottom,
but apparently do not produce bulblets there nor runners; slender
plants; leaves not coiled; stigma 3-cleft with linear lobes; sepals
rose-colored, lanceolate, half to a third longer than the stamens,
about 3” long; crests entire to notched. Seeds triangular,
obovate, pitted but not ribbed, black. San Bernardino Mts., _
southern Calif. June. (For A. Parishii, which probably belongs
here, see No. 39.)

27. A. atrorubens Wats. King’s Rep. 5 352. Bulb coats
about 7, rather thin and shining, without markings except at base

16 Contributions to Western Botany.

where the meshes are vertical, narrow or rectangluar; sepals
rather lead-purple, narrewly lanceolate, 4-5” long, rather stiff;
ovar’ lacerate-crested; stamens about two-thirds the sepals;
bulbs propagate by the production of brilliant, shiny bulblets at .
the base, which point downward and outward and often produce
short runners at their apex, having 1 or more enlargements
along them and so forming a string of shiny bulblets; scapes not
slender, a few inches high, strict; leaves coiled at tip; grows in
the Oak Belt on the east side of the Sierras, Carson City to
Owen’s Valley. May to June.
A3B2CDE2F2G. Pedicels 3-5”? long; crests cars ieee fim. .

Driate and very long g, glandular toothed in A. cristatum

28. A. fimbriatum Wats. Proe. A. A. 14 232. Bulb un-
known; peduncles 3’ long; pedicels 3-4” long; flowers deep rose-
colored, 5’ long; sepals Loiseoiats nearly half longer than the
stamens; stigma 3-cleft with linear lobes; braets probably. 2;
soutbern Calif., on the Mojave river.

29. A. decipiens n.sp. Plants about 2’ above the ground;
leaf long-sheathing, probably longer than the peduncles; bracts 4,
ovate, equaling the pedicels, which are about 4-5” long; sepals
ovate-lanceolate, 4” long, a little exceeding the stamens; stigma
entire; bulb nearly Paad. coats shining, without reticulation in
the middle, but with traces of rectangular-oblong ones toward
the base and apex, which are vertically arranged, all the coats
thin. Sumfhit, Owen’s Valley, Calif., 7,000° elevation. May,
1897

30. A.cristatum Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 232. Peduncles
about 1-3’ high; bulb coats brownish, with very faint quadrangu-
Jar reticulation; bracts acuminate; pedicels 3- 4” long; sepals
tinged with he 5” long, lanceolate-acuminate, nearly double
the stamens; crests very long, acute, somewhat glandular toothed.
Southern U tah at St. George.

A3SB2CD2E. Leaves 1 or 2, longer than the peduncle; ovary
lJong-crested; very ih, 2 and small plants, a few inches high
and Sslerider Sete

Contributions to Western Botany. Ly.

. A. macrum Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 233. Leaves 2, dis-
tinctly Sonertin peduncles 1-4? high; bracts 2, acute; slender
pedicels 2-3” long; sepals white or purplish, 2-3” long, narrowly
lanceolate-acuminate, scarcely exceeding the stamens; cells of
the ovary with thick, obtuse crests at the summit. This plant
cannot be separated from A. madidum except by markings of
scales. Probably is the same as A. Nevii Watson. Union Co.,
Oregon, on rocky hills, Cusick.

A8B2C2D. Reticulations evident, walls of reticulations not
minutely sinuous, except in A. attenuifolium to A. Bolan-
deri probably, in which some of the horizontal lines have
a few waves; peduncles slender, filaments deltoid-dilated
at base; bulbs propagating by division.

A8B2C2DE. Reticulations transversely oblong to linear;
Straight or nearly so: peduncles a few inches high; leaves
longer than the peduncle.

A3SB2C2DEF. Leaves 2, rarely 1 in A. tribracteatum; bulb
coats mostly red, rarely white, thin, ends of reticulations
pointed; pedicels slender; crests not large; sopals about 3’’
long, acute, longer than the stamens.

32. A. Nevii Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 231. Peduncles 6-8’
high, pedicels rather few, 4-6” long; sepals white to rose-colored,
lanceolate-acuminate, a little longer than the stamens; cells of
the ovary with a thick, short crest on each side near the top;
bracts 2. Hood river, Ore., also the southern Blue Mts., Cusick,
No. 1642. Blooms in May. This is probably a synonym of A.
madidum.

33. A. tribracteatum Torr. Pac.R. R.4 148. Leaves some-
times 1, in the type greatly exceeding the very stout peduncle;
capsule obscurely, if at all, crested; leaves 3” broad or less, flat
and grass like; peduncles 1-2’ high; bracts 3, long-acuminate;
pedicels 2-3” long; sepals with dark midvein, narrowly oblong-
lanceolate, acutish, little longer than the stamens. Alpine in

18 Contributions to Western Botany.

the Sierra Nevadas, Mono to Nevada Co., Calif. Reported from —
Steamboat Springs, Colorado, but probably an error.

34. Var. Diehlii n. var. Bracts 2; leaves from double toa :
third longer than the peduncles, 4-6’ long, 2” wide; pedicels 4-8”
long, many; flowers white with brown midrib; outermost bulb
coats very dark-red normally, rarely white; sepals erect, rot
spreading, ovate-lanceolate to lanceolate-acuminate, the inner
ones narrower, half longer than the stamens; filaments narrowly
deltoid at base and adherent to sepals; reticulations normally
short-oblong io even linear-oblong and closely packed, but
among these cells there are often irregular ones, which are some-
times as broad as long; bracts shortly acuminate, about 6” long;
Ovary spongy- and sulcate-crested, the crests not evident in fruit;
bulbs nearly spherical, about 6” long, the coats generally all
dark red. No. 6590, Jones. Collected at Altus, Utah, 8,000°
altitude, in the upper edge of the Oak Belt, blooming in May.

A3B2C2DE2F. Reticulations nearly rectangular, leaves soli-
tary, longer than the scape; Scapes not over 6’ high; pedi-
cels short.

A3B2C2DE2FG. Capsule not crested; very small and delicate
plants growing at high elevations.

35. A. ambiguum n. sp. Leaf 1 , 1-3” wide, not falcate, flat;
bracts rarely 3, about 4” long, broadly ovate and triangular-
acuminate; pedicels 2-4” long; flowers more than 10; 3” long,
oblong-bell-shaped; sepals elliptic-lanceolate, obtuse, with a
broad, brown-purple midrib and white margins, half longer than
the filiform filaments, 3” Jong; bulbs oval-ovate
thin membranous coats, at least one of the coats in the type
specimens verdigris-colored, coats about 5, rest of bulb solid and
corm-like, the outer ones marked with prominent, normally
6-sided meshes, which run from nearly Square to hexagonal or
horizontally oblong-diamond-shaped in the middle of coat but
vertical elsewhere. This was found growing on alpine ridges at
Sammit, Calif., in bloom July 26, 1900. This may be related to

Contributions to Western Botany. 19

A. obtusum Lem., but if that species is correctly described, this
differs in having 2 bracts instead of 3, erestless capsules, and has
regularly not the slightest resemblance to A. Nevadense or A-
tribracteatum.

36. A. minimum p.sp. The most delicate of all the onions;
lzaves and peduncles almost filiform, the former 3-4’ long, the
latter rising barely above the ground; leaves 2; bracts ovate,
acute, 3” long, 2; pedicels barely 2” long; flowers less than 10,
broadly bell-shaped, 2” long, red tipped, white and hyaline and
green-nerved below, sepals ovate, broad, barely acute; filaments
flattened but not much larger below, half as long as the sepals;
ovary depressed-globose; bulbs small, about 4” long, ovate to
oval, normally with a thick, red inner coat which is prominently
marked, rarely white throughout, the other coats very thin and
membranous, in all about 5, markings nearly rectangular with
rather irregular sides, from square to broadly oblong. Alpine
summits of Cuddy mountains, Idaho, July 2, 1899.

37. A. Simillimum Henderson Torr. Bull. 27 355. Scapes
1-13’ long, slender, flat and narrowly winged; bulb ovate, 4-6”
long, loosely covered with the membranous coats; reticulations
long-rectangular above, then square, then wider than long
and meshes 5-7-sided; leaves 2, about $° wide, 3-4’ long, falcate
to recurved; bracts 2, broadly ovate; acute to acutish; flowers
6-9, 23-3” long, on slender pedicels 1-14” long; sepals narrowly
oblong, obtuse, delicately denticulate below with spreading
papilla, purplish-white, with sirong and green midnerve;
stamens }-2 the sepals, filaments widened below and attached 4
the way up; anthers oblong-oval; ovary slightly crested. Secesh
Peak, near Payette Lake, Idaho, July 2, 1895, This is near to
A. minimum but differs in the flattened and winged scape, slender
pedicels, crested ovary, and papillate-ciliate and narrow sepals.
It has the same habit.

A8B2C2DE2F2G. Capsule distinctly crested.

38. A, obtusum Lemmon Pitt 2 69. Seapes 2-3’ high, slen-

der; whole plant rose,colored; leaf 2-3” broad, usually faleate;

20 Contributions to Western Botany.

bracts 3, oblong-elliptical, acuminate, about as long as the pedi-
cels, which are 2-4” long; sepals oblong, obtuse, with broad,
greenish midrib; crests 6, short, acute; said to be near A. Neva-
dense and A. tribracteatum, but these species have nothing in
common. Said to be rare in the sub-alpine region of Gold lake,
Plumas Co., Calif., June 26, 1889.

39. A. Parishii Wats. Proc. A. A. 17 381. Bulbs with red-
dish-brown coats without reticulations, or with minute, short, .
oblong meshes; scape rather stout, 4-6’ high; bracts 2, broadly
ovate; pedicels few, short and stout, sepals rose.colored, 6-8”
long, thrice the stamens, acuminate; filaments flat and tapering;
crests prominent, acutish, irregularly toothed; stigma somewhat
lobed. Mojave desert at Cushenberg spring, Parish, May, 1882.
This is doubtless very closely allied to A. Paryi and should prob-
ably be placed next to it.

A3B2C2D2E. Reticulations transversely linear, or nearly so,
their general direction mostly oblique; bent in the middle
or contorted, in two of the species some of the meshes are
quite irregular and often broader, but narrow meshes can
always be found on every coat.

ASB2C2D2EF, Leaves 2 or more, shorter than the peduncle,
except in A, madidum and fibrillum, very narrowly linear,
taper-pointed; bracts 2; rarely 3; plants from 4-12’ high;
flowers mostly white.

AS B2C2D2EFG. Reticulations horizontally serrate, the sides
parallel,

40. A. Serratum Wats. King’s Rep. 5 487. Markings of
bulb coats with the meshes linear and bent only in the middle;
leaves very narrow; bracts narrowly acuminate; sepals 4-6”
long, rose-colored, broadly ovate-lanceolate, acute to acuminate,
rather rigid and straight, the inner somewhat serrulate; fila-
ments gradually tapering to a deltoid base and attached -for
half the length; crests very narrow ang central. Has the

Contributions to Western Botany. ad

habit of A. acuminatum. Coast ranges of Calif. and foothills
of the Sierra Nevadas; San Diego to Marin Co,

The following are probably forms of the same: A. crispum
Greene, Pitt. 1 166. Bracts 2, abruptly acute; pedicels 12-20,
about 1’ long, stoutish; sepals 3-4” long, the outer oblong-ovate,
entire, the inner lanceolate with undulate margins; stamens a
little over half the sepals; ovary not crested; San Luis Obispo
Co., Calif; April. A. dichlamydeum Greene, Pitt. 1 166; a
smaller plant with sepals 5” long, the outer oblong, abruptly
acute and spreading, the inner Janceolate-oblong, erect, all
entire; ovary crested; common around San Francisco in May and
June. A. Stenanthum Drew, appears to be identical with A.
serratum; was gathered at Pilot Ridge, Calif., in July

41. A. attenuifolium Kellogg, Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 110.
ticulations composed of delicate lines, at least he ET,
ones very sinuous, the horizontal lines generally somewhat wavy,
the meshes being more horizontally sinuous than serrate, the
meshes are quite variable in different plants, some of them being
broadly oblong and a little bent with the vertical lines very sin-
uous as figured by Watson. These markings toward the tip of
the coat turn into rectangular, vertically oblong ones with-
out sinuosity, they occur on the thin coats, but the thick
coats generally have transversely linear meshes with the
horizontal lines distinctly wavy; the bulb coats are of two kinds,
the outer 1 or 2 coats being very thin and white, an inner one
or more being quite rigid and deep red; bulbs propagate by
division and are small and nearly round, the solid part large
and seales few; Jeaves and bracts two or more, the latter very
broad and short; pedicels very slender, weak and generally
sinuous; flowers broadly campanulate, about 2-4’ long, very
delicate and thin, rose-colored to white; sepals ovate to lanceolate
and acute; stems nearly 1° high or more; crests conspicuous,
composed of broad ridges running from the style to the corner
where they are enlarged and, on the mature capsule, look like
horns. Mariposa Co., Calif., to Ore. Quite variable.

22 Contributions to Western Botany.

42. A. hyalinum Curran Proc. A. A.24 87, Bull.Cal. Acad.3_
155. Buib coats gray, meshes narrowly linear and much con-
torted; leaves several; peduncles about 1° high; the 2 bracts not
opening below except on one side; pedicels rather few, about 1’
long; sepals broad, 2-44” long, acute, broadly lanceolate to ovate,
inuer somewhat narrower, half longer than the stamens; ovary
said to be not crested. Eldorado Co., Calif., to Encenada, Lower
Calif. This may be only a delicate form of A. attenuifolium,and
reticulations of the bulb coats are nearly the same, except the
little waves of the latter on the horizontal lines.

43. A. Bolanderi Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 229. Bulbs solid in
the center, with a few outer coats, propagating by 1 or 2 very
‘short lateral offshoots, the coats with delicate, close, undulate-
serrate meshes; pedicels rather few; sepals colored, 4-5” long,
very narrowly acuminate, nearly straight, double the stamens,
inner ones strongly serrate; filaments narrow and aduate to the
middle of the sepals; crests obscure. Humboldt Co., Calif.

A8B2C2D2EF2G. Reticulations not horizontal but running
obliquely downward or irregularly, sides not evidently
parallel, though approaching it, wary or bent in irregular
arcs but not bent tato many tortuous curves, generally
bent in irregular arcs which toward the end of the
meshes change their direction, most of the meshes being
narrowly oblong in general outline.

44. A. peninsulare Lemmon Pitt. 1 165. ‘Tall, about 1-
13° high; pedicels about 1’ long and slender; bracts 2, narrow
and acuminate; flowers broadly campanulate; sepals ovate,
acutish, about 3” long, about half longer than the stamens, pink;
capsule crestless; bulb coats several, at the top the meshes are
narrowly rectangular and vertical but as they go down to the
center of the coat they become loose and more irregular, till
most of them are transversely serrate with narrow meshes. En-
cenada, Lower Calif. A.W. Anthony No. 187, also by Parish
No. 72. Bulbs propagating apparently by division, nearly
globular, about 4’ long, erect. This is referred at Cambridge to

§

Contributions to Western Botany. 23

A. campanulatum but is quite different from what the writer
supposes is that plant.

45. A.madidum Wats. Proc. A. A.14 228. Delicate plants
about 4’ high; bulbs close to the surface, ovate, less than 6” long,
oblique, ascending, propagating by many little purple bulblets
clustered around the base, which are without stalks; coats few
aud thin, reticalations narrowly oblong above and quite irregular
and diamond-shaped to irregular iower down, but in the middle
of the coat they are much contorted and about the sameas in the
following species, except that the outer coats are not so conspicu-
ously fibrous as they decay; leaves 2, about as long as the
peduneles; bracts 2. very broadly ovate and acute; flowering
pedicels concealed within the bracts, fruiting pedicels about 4”
long; flowers white or nearly so; sepals oblong-ovate and barely
acute to oblong-lanceolate and acute, 2-3” long; stamens a little
over half the sepals; ovary crestless when dry, but fresh speci-
ineus from Cusick, No. 251la, have the edge of each cell from
hear the base to tip covered with a broad, raised, spongy, flat-
topped erest which runs around the entire cell the same as in A.
tribracteatum var. Diehlii. This species was confused with A.
Douglasii by Watson for the leaf characters were drawn from
that species and also the scape as well as a part of the bulb
character. This has also been distributed by Mr. Cusick as A.
macrum and collinum, and can be separated from them with
difficulty. It grows in wet places in eastern Oregon, in small
clusters, and blooms in May and June.

46. A. collinum,Dougl. Wats. Proc. A.A. 14 228. Slender
and delicate plants, like the last in leaves, scape, color of flow-
ers, pedicels, bracts, ovary andstamens; the outer sepals ovate and
acute, about 2” long, the inner lanceolate and much narrower;
bulbs nearly spherical, without bulblets, propagating by division,
with seyeral very thin coats which appear as if fibrous because
the walls of the meshes have lost the hyaline interspaces, but
meshes not diamond-shaped; reticulations very fine and very
narrow, very much contorted and appearing as if in nests, the

24 Contributions to Western Botany.

ends of several of them coming together in short wavy lines.
Growing at high elevations in gumbo soil in the Cuddy moun-
tains, Idaho, July, 1899, No, 6650, Jones; also No. 2413, Cusick,
probably. It is hardly probable that either Watson or Douglas
would have overlooked the conspicuous bulb coats of this plant,
it is therefore more than likely that this is a distinet speciesand
in that case may bear the name of A. fibrillum n. sp.

A3B2C2D2E2F, Leat 1, very much longer than the scape and
spirally hooked at the end; bulbs propagating by the
production of little half-moon-shaped to ovate, nearly
white, bulblets from the lower edge, which often hare
little runners with 1 or more enlargements at short dis-
tances apart. :

47. A. Nevadense Wats. King’s Rep’5 351. Coats many,
bulb ovate, about 9” long, with several brown coats, having
much the habit of A. atrorubens, but flowers generally white or
rose-colored; peduncle scarcely rising above the ground; leaves
often 6’ long, leathery, but always narrow; bracts generally 2,
ovate and acute, about 6” long; pedicels 1’ or less in length;
sepals lanceolate from a broad base and jong acuminate to
oblong-ovate and acute, 3-4’ long;stamens two-thirds the sepals,
deltoid-dilated at base; oyary very long-crested; reticulations of
the bulb coats very irregular, from linear and almost straight
to seyeral angled, the vertical lines which join the ends of the
cells are easily traceable in contorted lines running vertically,
except rarely in the middle of some coats. Common from north-
ern Arizona through the Sevier valley of Uteh to Salt Lake city
and westward to the Sierra Nevadas. Blooms in May.

ASB3C. Reticulations from transt ersely rectangular to very
irregular, the walls always minutely to conspicuously
scroll-like between the angles of the meshes,

Ps

A38B38CD. Gen loutliz g i
a few inches high; aca 2; bracts 2; Missndes ee at:
base; lowers rose-colored to nearly white; sepals 3-5’’ long

Contributions to Western Botany. 25

acuminate, a little longer than the stamens; peduncles
single; bulbs white.

48. A. Palmeri Wats. King’s Rep. 5 487. Outlines of the
cells nearly quadrangular, short oblong, to even vertically
oblong occasionally but always with most of the cells transverse;
the walls very minutely sinuous; sepals ovate-lanceolate; fila-
ments with a broad deltoid base; crests thin and conspicuous;
bulb coats rather thin, probably propagating by bulblets. Grows
at lower elevations than A. bisceptrum, but probably varies into
it. Southern Utah and Arizona to N. M.

49. A. lacunosum Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 231. Bulb coats
thick, distinetly pitted by the nearly square to oblong reticula-
tions; flowers rather few; pedicels not over 5” long; sepals not
over 4” long and oblanceolate; filaments narrowly deltoid at
base; ovary with obtuse, thickened ridges toward the top of each

eell. Santa Clara Uo., Calif, on the Coast range at Mariposa

Peak.

A3B3C2D,. General outline of the meshes hexagonal, there
being 1 main, thick, outer coat, which is deeply pitted by
the walls being much raised and, with a small magnifier,
appear to have flat-topped walls and which on the inner
side of the same coat are depressed. This coat is triple,
having a thin, hyaline membrane on both sides of the
thick central one, the outer membrane has much contorted
markings like those of A. Nevadense nearly, the inner has
single or double and nearly rectangular markings; mesh-
es twice the size of any other onion in section A.

50. A. acuminatum Hooker FI. B. A.2 184. Walis of the
meshes under a moderate power appear beaded, but when mag-
nified more are minutely sinuous; pedicels 6-12’’ long; flowers
deep rose-colored, rigid, with recurved tips, 4-7 long; sepals
lanceolate-acuminate, a third longer than the stamens, the inner
ones undulate serrulate; filaments slightly enlarged below, ovary
with six, rounded, contiguous, mammillary crests when fresh which
do not exceed one-half the height of ovary; plants generally

26 Contributions to Western Botany.

about 6-12’ high, growing in clumps at low elevations; leaves

nearly equaling the peduncle; bulbs propagating by division, —

nearly spherical, about 6” long; sepals very variable, but always
with at least a short acuminate tip. This is the most common
of all the far western onions, abounding throughout Utah, Nev.,
parts of Idaho to Wash. and Calif. Blooms in May.

Var. cuspidatum Fernald is simply a form with short and
abruptly acuminate sepals, it is hardly worthy of varietal rank.
ASB8C3D. General outline of meshes decidedly irregular or
wavy; leaves 2 or more; bracts 2 (rarely 3 in A. campanu-
latum); ovary distinctly 6-crested; sepals entire, about 3”’
long, rather lax, (somewhat stiff in A. campanulatum),
acute; bulb coats white; plants about 1° high, but some-
times lower in A. campanulatum; flowers many; pedicels
Slender and rather Ion g.

A3B8C3DE. Stamens exserted.

51. A. Sanbornii Wood Proc. Phil. Acad, 1868 171. Retic-
ulations very minute and irregular; bracts 4; sepals ovate-lance-
olate; capsule very thin. Yuba to Mariposa Co., California, in
the mountains,

A8B3C3D2E. Stamens not exserted; vertical walls of the
meshes rery deeply crimped, the sinuosities being almost
as deep as the width of the meshes, very many and con-
Spicuous; bracts 2, ovate or rarely lanceolate, about 6-9’’
Jong, scarcely as long as the pedicels; sepals ovate to lan-
ceolate, shortly acuminate, about 3’’ Jong, with prominent
midvein; hulbs nearly spherical, about 6’’ long, propagat-
ing by little ranners which are sometimes 4’ long and
have bulblets at the ends; horizontal walls of the meshes
generally barely sinuous or nearly straight, except toward
the hase of the coats; leaves 2, rarely 3, about as fong as

the peduncle, flat, narrow; pedicels widely spreading.

52. A. campanulatum Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 231. Rather
slender plants, 4-12’ high; peduneles single; flowers about lead

Ue el ae ee oe ee

ibe eas it eh seta

=

PS ee cea eT PEM ON ey es I Re

Contributions to Western Botanr. at

purple; sepals from rarely to conspicuously acuminate, spread-
ing, midrib dark; ovary globular, with prominent central crests;
leaves very narrow (except in very young plants) and probably
longer than the peduncle; bulb coats brownish, never pure
white, crimpings of the vertical walis of the meshes very deep
and not conspicuously different on the upper end of the coats;
ribs about 8; bulblets often purple. This grows in the high
Sierras of California in Nevada and Plumas Cos. This is what
the writer takes to be the true A, campanulatum.

53. A, bisceptrum Wats. King’s Rep. 5351. Plants rarely
less than 1° high, normally about 14° high, quite succulent;
leaves broad when fresh, often 3” wide, taper-pointed; stems
often 2 to each bulb; bracts very broadly ovate and very delicate}.
flowers white to light-pink; sepals without prominent midveins
scarcely at all acuminate, mostly broadly lanceolate, little
Spreading; crests on the angles, prominent; bulb coats white or
nearly so, about 12-ribbed, rarely. pink or some of the outer
coats brownish, meshes very minutely sinuous, less coarse and
much shorter than in A. campanulatum, but very variable, as
they approach the top of the coat they become more uniform
until they are regularly, varrowly, and vertically oblong and
with rectangular angles and with walls simply beaded, these
latter meshes vary from quite wide to very narrow. The Ne-
vada forms which represent the type of the species have dark
flowers even with a tinge of lead-color, the leaves are normally
2” wide though wider ones occur, but both forms exist in Utah.
This onion abounds in the shade, on moist slopes, in the Oak Belt, .
and is found throughout central and northern Utah and Nevada
to the Sierras. This hardly differs specifically from A. Palmeri.
It blooms in June.

2A. Ribs (not over 11) of the many bulb coats short, branched
throughout and united into coarse, diamond-shaped, regu-
lar and very large meshes; bulb coats soon breaking up
into coarse, thread-like ribs at the top, losing the membra-
nous covering, and becoming a mass of interlaced fibres;

28 Contributions to Western Botany.

bulbs without a rhizoma or rootstock, erect or nearly so,
propagating by division only (by the production of Iittle

nipples on the lower corners which soon turn into divis- —
P. 5;

ions of the main bulb), ovate, 1’ or more long and with a
rather prolonged apex, proper bulb very small within the
coats; peduncles not winged.

2AB. Pedicels slender, about 1’ long and evidently sinuous’
generally bearing bulbs instead of some or all of the flow-
ers; Slender and tall plants, 1-2° high, when fully developed;
outer bulb coats conspicuously and coarsely fibrous.

54. A. Geyeri Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 227. Flowers in the
type 4” long, the sepals broad, acute or acuminate, strongly
nerved or rigid in fruit; bracts 2, rather small; capsule conspicu-
ously and centrally crested. Idaho to Oregon and northward.

A. fibrosum Rydberg, seems to be identical with the type of 4

A. Geyeri.

55. Var, temerum n. var., is a very slender form, about 2°
high with elliptical and acute bulblets, about 2” long and very
pale and delicate; flowers with oblong-ovate sepals less than 3”
long, not rigid; grows in very wet and boggy places in alpine
meadows, Deer Lake, Washington Co , Idaho, in July. No. 6597
also grows in the Wallowa Mts., Oregon, and probably is identical
with Watson’s 1181 from Bear River valley, Wyoming, near
Evanston,

56. A.Canadense I. Sp. 1195. Flowers about 3” long;
sepals narrowly lanceolate, obtusish; bracts generally 3; capsule
without crests; bulb coats apparently triple, the inner membrane
having the markings of A. cernuum, the outer one with prominent
hexagonal meshes like those of A. acuminatum but the walls
neither beaded nor raised, the middle membrane is thick and
fibrous; bulble!s ovate and fully 3” long; stems rather stout-
This abounds from Canada to the Gulf of Mexico and westward
to the Rocky Mountains.

rubrum Osterhuut Torr. Bull.27 £06. Scapes 1}-2° high,

round, smooth, glaucous, longer than the leaves; leaves abont 4, _

Contributions to Western Botany. 29

34” wide or fests concave; bracts 3; flowers 3-4, sepals 3-34” long,
9)? wide, rowly ovate, obtuse, the outer ones dark-veined;
pedicels 5 fe filaments as long as the sepals; bulblets red;
ovary not crested. This appears to be a form of A. Canadense.
Found on the Colorado-Wyoming line.

A. sabulicola Osterhout Torr. Bull. 27 539. penne 8-12’
high, round, smooth, tapering, shorter than the leaves; leaves
= 79 wid > ’

filaments «s Jong as the sepals; qxaty not erested; bulblets whit.

ish; pedicels rather stout, 34- 5” long. Proba ly a form o

Canadense. Chama, New Mexico.

2A2B. Pedicels not evidently sinuous, mostly stout, seldom
more than 9’’ long, often less; plants rarely if ever bulbif-
erous. These plants probably all belong to one species.
Stems rather low, rarely 1° high.

57. A. mutabile Michx. I'l. 1 195. Bulbs coarsely fibrous;
capsules crestless; leaves usually 3, about 2”) broad, flat. shorter
than the pedunele; flowers light-colored, 2-4” long; sepals thin
and Jax in fruit, ovate to narrowly lanceolate, obtuse to acutish.
From North Carolina. Nebraska, New Mexieo and southward.

A. arenicola Small Torr. Bull. 27 276. Pedicels 3-5” long,
slender; flowers 10-30, deep-pink; sepals linear to narrowly Loe
ceolate, 2” long, very delicate; filaments dilated at base; eapoule
not crested. This is probably a slender form of A. mutabile.
Brockhaven, Miss.

58. A. Nuttallii Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 227: Bulbs small,
little over 6” long; peduncles about 6’ high; sepals about 3” long
(in mine 2” long), ovate to ovate-lanceolate, rather rigid and
acute, often red; capsule not crested; leaves very narrow; bulb
coats rather chestnut-brown, with very dense and fine meshes
which split up into threads on their upper edge, but below gen-
erally remain solid. This seems to have been confused with A.
reticulatum or else passes into it by insensible gradation. Kan-
sas to Colorado and south ward,

59. A. reticulatum Fraser Don. Mem. Wern. Soc. 6 36.

30 Contributions to Western Botany.

(Named by Fraser but first published by Don). Capsule distinctly
and centrally crested in the type; bracts 2; pedicels about 6”
long; bulbs large, generally; leaves nearly 2” wide. A very vari-
able plant, as generally understood; mountain forms are slender
and the sepals very variable, the crests being always small and

ceutral. From the Saskatchewan to northern Arizona, through- —

out Colorado.

- Var. deserticola n. var. Stout and robust plants,
rarely over 6’ high; leaves surpassing the stems; bulbs often
2’ long and 1’ thick, yery densely and coarsely fibrous; ped-
icels stout; sepals oblong and acute mostly, about 3” long;
crests very long and conspicuous; bracts 3. This abounds on
the adobe plains of eastern Utah, south of the Uintas and west-
ern Colorado and southward to Texas. Blooms in May and
une.

reticulation, bright rose-colored flowers, 5-7” long on pedi-
cels over I’ long, the ovate-lanceolate, acute sepals exceed-
ing the stamens; this is found throughout the Voast range of
California.

A. monospermum Jepson Man. Bay Region 321, and A.

Alleghenense Small are also unknown to the writer.

The other species, A. tricoccum Ait. Hort. Kew 1 428,
belongs to a distinct group, which is clesely allied to the A.
validum group and is characterized by having rootstocks
beneath the czspitose bulbs, also the usual membranous
coats of that group; valyes 2; peduncles not winged; leaves 2
or 3, elliptical-lanceolate; ovules solitary in the cells; bulb
coats fleshy, the outer becoming fibrous; plants 4-12’ high;
flowers greenish white; sepals 2-3” long; capsule not crested.
New England to Wisconsin, and south to Kentucky and
North Carolina.

ee ee pe eee

ADDENDA.

A. pleianthum Var. particolor n. var. The Nevada forms
on which this variety is based have scapes 1-2’ above the ground,
flattened above, not over 1” wide, erect, dark-purple or brown as
well as the pedicels, and midrib of the flowers and bracts; leaves
usually 2, 1-2” wide, 6-3’ long, faleate, bracts 2, very broadly"
ovate, simply acute, 6” long; jodie els 6” long, stout, flattened’
like the peduncles, enlarged at tip, about 20; ‘flowers densely
clustered, large; sepals elliptical-lanceolate, rarely narrower, 4”
long, 14-2” wide, not spreading, thin and hyaline but with stout
midrib, acute, } longer than the dark-purple stamens; filaments
filiform exeept at very: base; capsule with 3 central and-2-lobed:
crests; bulbs 1’ long’ and } wide, elliptical-ovate; coats many,
very thin, the outer layer of each only. reticulated with fine,
nearly square (rarély, oblong) meshes which are vertieal when
not square; ribs about 18). Grows singly. on gravelly. slopes in’
Spririg Valley, eastern Nevada, at 6,000-6,500° alt., in flower
June 3, 1895; also Dutch Mt., western Utah, June 12,.1891, and
Spring creek, western Utah, Janes 23, 1891: This: inelades come
forms mentioned under A. Tolmiei from Utah and Nevada on
page 11

From material which has come to hand since the foregoing
was in print it is evident that the A. scaposum group should
come next to the A. cernuum group, and that to it should’ be
added A. lacounsum which has* walls of meshes straight and
meshes erect and linear to oblong, like this group, the species’ is
not at all related to A. bisceptrum (where Watson placed if).

A better arrangement than the one givea would be to: place’
A. Parryi, atrorubens, fimbriatum, decipiens, and probably. eris-

32 Contributions to Western Botany.

tatum just before A. ambiguum so that A. Nevii and tribractea-

tum could come next to A. Brandegei to which species they are

most related. The transverse markings of this whole group
from anceps to tribracteatum are very much alike, being from
narrowly oblong to linear, straight and acuminate at both ends,
the sides uniform and without waves, meshes ae a magnifica-
tion of 40 diameters 3-4” long and not over 1” w

On page 11 A. campanulatum and A. Bidwellise are men-
tioned because they were originally described without bulbs.
The former is almost certainly correctly placed on page 26 as a
too close congener of A. bisceptrum into which it seems to pass
at lower elevations in Nevada. A. Bidwelliz is still an enigma
unless it is aform of A.hyalinum as some suppose. A. scilloides
and A. collinum are also mentioned on page 14 as unknown
quantities though the place of the latter is probably on page 23.

A. Bolanderi should come after A. peninsulare. To the key
in this group the last line should be “narrowly oblong’ to linear
“in general outline.” On page 17 under A3B2C2D change “to”
to “and” in second line, and omit “probably” in the next line.

On this same page A. macrum should be put where A.
Nevii is and the latter should be placed under it as a synonym,
as they are clearly identical, this has been determined from
authentic material recently received. The last word under
Nevii should be “‘macrum” and not ‘‘madidum.”

n page 4, second line from the bottom, insert “into equal
parts” after “branch.”

A. Nevadevse Watson. This little known species, when
fresh, is characterized as follows: Leafround, channeled on the
upper side; bracts reddish-green; pedicels stout, 6” long, ascend-
ing; flowers white; sepals with the outer 3 reddish-brown to the
base, the inner 3 only at tip and a trifle narrower, pot keeled,
spreading at an angle of 45°, equal, 3” long , oblong-ovate, acute
but not acuminate, midrib greenish within; stamens 2” long;
filaments subulate; anthers oval-oblong, 4” long; style 14” long;

Contributions to Western Botany. 33

ovary 1” high, truncate, 3-lobed to the middle, the groove being
occupied by the filament, each cell with a thick wing from the
outer edge to the style, the wing gradually elevated and length-
ened up to the style where it is 2-3-lobed; bulbs ovate, with
unate bulblets which usually are su close to the bulb that they
seem to have no runner connecting, but sometimes the runner is
1’ long, bulblets arise from the lower corner of the bulb.

A. bisceptrum Watson. A specimen of what seems to be
this species gathered at Cove Creek, Utah, June 27, 1901, had
the sepals and stamens grown to the very tip of the truncate and
spongy ovary; crests triangular, toothed, purple, flat, fully half
as high as the ovary.

The Utah usual forms of A. bisceptrum are better separated
under the name of Var. Utahense n. var. with the character of
plants robust, very succulent; leaves 3-4” wide; flowers white or
only pink, lax; markings of bulb coats with thinner walls and
broader meshes.

Authentic material of A unifolium received after the Note
on page 30 was printed shows that the species is nearest related
to A. attenuifolium and not to A. bisceptrum.

The reticulatum group (2A.) is manifestly badly confused, but

the writer cannot separate the species, if there be more than
three in the group, without more material.

For Key to the Onions by markings see last page, preceed-
ing the illustrations.

NM ¥ CVAGIN ACH. At. *

Corolla wanting, its place being taken by the corolla-like
calyx, which opens in the Jate afternoon or evening and closes in
the morning, and is campanulate to tubular and, except in
Mirabilis multiflora and Hermidium, is very thin, delicate and
soon wilting but persistent, its base thickened around the single
seed, when the involucre is one-flowered it presents all the
appearance of a calyx; stamens often united at base, 1-7, normally
5, filaments attached to the calyx, slender and with rounded
anthers; style and stigma simple; ovary 1-celled and 1-seeded;
flawers normally pink, rarely purple, white or yellow, usually
collected in heads or clusters and always surrounded by separate
or united bracts (bracts entirely absent in Boerhavia spicata var.
Palmeri), but they are readily distinguishable from a true calyx, —
except rarely in Allionia, by there being more than one flower
in the cup formed by the bracts; fruit often grooved, ribbed or
winged, enclosing the free akene, which has a membranous coat;
embryo coiled around the mealy albumen and, in Abronia only,
apparently of a single leaf; weak herbs with brittle stems and
swollen joints; leaves mestly opposite and oblique, normally
fleshy when fresh and rarely membranous when dry, petioled,
without stipules, entire or only wavy on the margins, except
Berhavia annulata, and often pubescent or glutinous. Probably

all species are vespertine. This is a family of 20 genera and

e following study of the DP bas agree is confined chiefiy to the
region oe ih Great Plateau, though a few Mexican and central Texas
species are mentioned.

Contributions to Western Botany. 35

about 125 species, chiefly confined to tropical America; in our
region there are a few species found as high as the Lower Tem-
perate or Juniper Zone and are found only in arid places, exposed
to the direct rays of the sun, and blooming till the close of the
season,
SYNOPSIS OF GHNERA.

A. Flowers not collected into a head, except some species of

Beerhavia; involucre not evident, the bracts, if present,

eing separate, small and situated on the pedicel, or
apparently at its base.

1. SELINOCARPUS. Fruit with 3-5 prominent, thin wings.

2. BCZRHAVIA, Fruit 3- 10-ribbed, the ribs enlarged upwards, except in
B. annulata and tea ag ascens, toward the summit, Plants blooming
throughout the seas

3. ACLEISANTHES. Fruit 5- 15-ribbed, truncate at both ends, ribs

sually not enlarged above; calyx tube filiform, not angled, 1 or
more inches long; flowers mostly single, veer sessile; stamens 2-5;
leaves acute at base and short-petioled it
2A. Flowers in heads.

2AB. Flowers surrounded by numerous and distinct bracts,
leaves thick and leathery.

4. SORONIS: races i in a whorl at the base of the flower Cluster,

or winged, at least at tip.

5. HERMIDIUM. Bracts leaf-like, not at the base of the flower cluster

t each attached to the pedicel of a flower, and all densely aggre-

gated, very large, green orcolored and leathery; flowers funnel-form:

bell-shaped; fruit globular and smooth, not lobed nor winged;
perennials.

2A2B. Bracts united into a cup, at least at very base.

2A2BC. Fruit not winged nor tubercled on the angles; invo-
lucre 3-5-lobed; tufted perennials.

6. MIRABILIS. Involucre neither membranous nor enlarged in fruit.

6 Gas ttiae Involucre te Marga enlarged and membranous in
fruit; stamens long-exsert

Bae
PANS NIE

36 Contributions to Western Botany.

2A2B2C. Fruit conspicuously winged and wings deeply cut

and tolded over one side toward each other, inclosing the
two raised ribs which hare stalked and pellucid globules —
scattered along them, outside of fruit without prominent
ribs and sparsely tessellately rugose.

-

WEDELIA. Involucre 3-lobe:l.
1. SELINOCARPUS Gray.

Delicate, slender-stemmed perenniais, with small fruit and
flowers; growing in‘the Larrea Zone of southern New Mexico,
Arizona and Yexas. One species in Nevada.

A, Plants rather riscid, rarely puberulent only; stamens 5.

1. S. diffusus Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 15 262. Stems widely
spreading; leaves ovate to Ovate-oblong; flowers nearly sessile;
mostly in pairs; calyx tube 14” long. Overton, Neyada, and also
in ‘Texas, ete. ;

2. §. angustifolius Gray Mex. Bound. 170. Stems not de-
pressed, 6-8’ high; leaves narrowly elliptical, nearly sessile; flow-
ers solitary and at length nodding; erlyx tube 1-2” long, funnel-
form; stamens exserted; seeds with 5 Wings which are as wide as
the fruit and enlarged at base where they form ribs; intermediate
ribs 5. This seems to be the same as §. lanceolatus Wooton
Torr. Bull. 25 304.
2A. Plants not viscid: stamens 2.

3. S. chenopodioides Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 15 318. Plants
grayish, erect to widely spreading, leafy up to the cymes; leaves
triangular ovate, acute, margins mostly wavy; flowers eymosely
clustered and subumbellate, cup-shaped, with scarcely any tube;
pedicels short. Arizona and New Mexico.

2. BCERHAVIA LL.
Involuere of 1-3 very small bractlets to each flower, absent
in B. spicata var. Palmeri; stamens 1-3, stigma sbield-shaped;
fruit jointed to the pedicel and larger above, pyriform in B.

Contributions to Western Botany. 37

annulata and obliquely clavate and narrowed at the tip in B.
. gibbosa; slender and widely spreading herbs with ‘small flowers;
plants all of the Larrea Zone. The species of this genus are
merely tentative as the characters are too variable.

A. Flowers small, interruptedly spicate and sessile; annuals
with viscid stems (at least above), rather Stout; Strict
peduncles paniculate; leaves undulate on the margins’
Slender petioled; fruit copay dschsaaes rounded, about 4-
angled, smooth.

1. B. Wrightii Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 15 322, Leaves
small, oblong-obovate to lanceolate, undulate, black dotted, white
below; bractlets minute, purplish, fimbriate-ciliate, deciduous, 3
to each flower; flowers white; stamens 2; fruit 1-2” long, rough-
ened, acutely 4-angled and wrinkled; erect plants. ATS and
Texas.

2. B. bracteosa Wats. Proc. A. A. 20 370. Giapdaias
hirsute throughout, except the Ieaves; leaves ovate to lanceolate,
rounded at base; bractlets coaspicuous, pink, acuminate into» a
thread-like tip nearly as long as the flower, persistent after the
flower has fallen. Arizona and Texas. Said to be the same as
B. Wrightii, but appears different.

2A. Flowers racemose.

3. B. gibbosa Pavon, Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 15 323, B.
gypsophiloides (M. & G.) Coult. Fl. Tex. 354. A shrubby-based
perennial with gray stems; leaves mostly: lanceolate to linear,
sometimes ovate, acute, 1-2’ long; flowers: ¥ety conspicuous, red,
in long racemes; stamens long-exserted; fruitsgibbous and clavate,
reflexed, many ribbed, about 4” long. Arizona to Texas.

4. B. Coulteri: Wats. (Hook.) Proc. A. A. 24 70. .Glutinous
only in the middle of the internodes; racemes, in- fruit, about 1’.
long and panicled; stamens 3, included; flowers 1” long; bracts
very small, single; frnit clavate, about 14” long, truncate, angles
acute, channels reach the apex and-are rugulose: oni the: side;

38 Contributions to Western Botany.

leaves elliptical to oblong-lanceolate; delicate annual. Albu-
querque, New Mexico, andsouthward. In my specimens the fruit.
is rounded at the apex.

5. B. spicata Choisy DC. Prod. 13 456. Flowers with con-
spicuous brown nerves and 4” long; bracts ovate or ovate-lanceo-
late, acute, dark-colored; fruit with a pair of narrow bractlets at
the base. Arizona.

6. Var. Palmeri Wats. Proc. A.A.24 70. Finely pubescent;
leaves nearly glabrous; flowering racemes 1-2” long; floral bracts
none; stamens 2, included; flowers 4” long; fruit clavate-oblong,
1” long, obtuse, mostly obtusely angled, grooves very long and
sinuate. Arizona.

7. War. Torreyana Wats. Proc. A. A. 24 70, hasthickish, scab-
rous, glandular leaves, and flowers about 1” long. This abounds
in New Mexico, Texas and Arizona.

B. Xanti Wats. Proc. A. A. 24 71. This has large, white
flowers in a loose raceme about 1’ long; stamens 4, long-exserted;
fruit oblong-obovate, obtuse, 1” long. acutely angled, rugose 1D
the intervals. This occurs at Guaymas, Mex

3A. Flowers panicled, single, when young often in twos in B.
anisophrlila.
SAB. ee ves eee or nearly so, thick, mucronate-acute,
tate; bractlet ts 3-5;fruit 5-ribbed,
ginhioks, Chie dinbane 6 2 ros: obtuse; diffuse plants,
viscid at least above; petioles very Short or none.

8. B. linearifolia Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 15 321. Flowers

short pediceled, in an open cyme, purple, 4° wide; stamens 5.
Texas.

. B. tenuifolia Gray Coult. Fl. Tex.355. Flowers few, laose,
about 4” broad, pubescent. wheel-shaped; stamens 3. Texas.

3A2B. Leaves not linear.

10 B. anisophylla Gray Mex. Bound. 181. Stems not hairy:

Contributions to Western Botany 39

leaves ovate to irregularly oval, heart-shaped to truncate at
base; flowers loosely cymose, short pedicaled, purple, 5” wide;
stamens 5-8, much exserted; fruit obovate-oblong, smooth,
rounded, narrow-ribbed; bractlets 3. Western Texas.

11. Var. paniculata C. & F. Bot. Gaz. 17 348. Fl. Tex. 356.
Panicle more diffuse; flowers minutely pubescent on the ribs;
fruit purplish, pubescent, rugose between the ribs, tall plants.
Western Texas.
4A. Flowers panicled and more or less clustered at the ends,

ew in the clusters.

4AB. Fruit ten-ribbed, except perhaps the first.

12. B. decumbens Vahl. Enum. 1 284. Glabrous, clusters
arranged in an eplongated, spreading panicle with filiform
peduncles; fruit obeconic, scarcely grooved, rounded at apex;
flowers angular with glandular ribs. New Mexico and south-
ward.

13. B. erioselena Gray Am. Jour. Sci.2 15 322. Annual;
glutinous above, erect; leaves fleshy, glabrous, very wide, dentic-
ulate; flowers very hairy, cymose-panicled; fruit truncate. West-
ern Texas. __

14. B. leioselena Gray Mex. Bound. 172. Perennial, glab-
rous above, erect; leaves wide, glandular tubercled on both sides;
panicles few-flowered toward the summit; flowers smooth. West-
ern Texas.

- 15. B. scandens L. Sp. Pl.3. B.GrahamiGray. Glabrous
perennials climbing over weeds and brush; leaves heart-shaped
to ovate, acute, short-petioled; flowers in umbels, 6-8, 2-4” long,
_ greenish, the clusters more or less panicled; stamens exserted;

pedicels 2-6” long; fruit linear-obovate, obscurely 10-ribbed, glab-

rous except at the black-glandular tip. Grows in ravines and
‘valleys of eastern New Mexico and southward.

442B. Fruit fire-ribbed or angled.

4A2BC. Annuals.

40 Contributions to Western Botany.

16. B. purpurascens Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 15 321. At
least the branches very glandular; lower leaves oval to oblong,
obtuse, glabrous; upper linear-lanceolate, peduncled; panicles
with five to eight-flowered clusters; bracts purple and very vis-
cid, enveloping the fruit, tardily deciduous; calyx purplish, bell-
shaped, 14” long, equaling the fruit; stamens 3; fruit obovate,
glabrous, ribs prominent, narrow. Arizuna and Texas.

17. B. erecta L. Sp. Pl. 3. Leaves generally minutely
black-dotted, broadly ovate, obtuse, margin sinuous, paler be-
neath; panicle very open; bracts minute; mature cluste:s 2-5
flowered; stamens 2; fruit scarcely pediceled; about 2” long,
smooth, truncate, rugulose between the ribs. Western Texas to
Florida and West Indias.

4A2B2C. Perennials.

18. B.ramulosa n.sp. Tallperennial, very widely spreadiug
and above diffusely cymose-panicied, the filiform peduncles 1-2’
long and branching at the top into 3-4 very short (1-4” long),
subumbellate rays which have 3-5 flowers on the ends on very
minute but evident pedicels; leaves nearly oval to ovate, the
lower about 1’ long, acute to obtuse, the lower cordate and the
upper cuneate at base, gradually reduced to minute and subulate
bracts above, leathery, smooth, whiter below, petioles slender,
6-12” long; whole plant minutely pubescent throughout, also
glandular above; flowers small; fruit oblong-obovate, rounded at
tip and tapering at base, about 1” long, 5-ribbed, the broad inter-
spaces plane, hispid-glandular throughout. No. 4194 Jones, El
Paso, Texas, Sept. 11, 1884. See Fia.

19. B. hirsuta Willd. Phyt.1. Hirsute and glaudular, as
to stems and petioles at least; leaves ovate, acutish, rounded at
base, margins undulate; petioles short; panicle loose and divari-
eate; flowers nearly sessile, in small clusters, at the ends of
slender peduncles; bractlets minute; calyx red, 1” long; stameus
3; fruit 1-2” long, clavate, obtuse, glandular. Western Texas.

20. B. obtusifolia Lam. Til. 1 10. (B. viscosa, Lag.) Mi-

Contributions to Western Botany. 41

nutely pubescent or viscid, stems straight; leaves ovate-oblong to
ovate-lanceolate, mucronate, acute at base, smooth, white be-
neath, slender petioled; peduncles solitary, two-cleft, mostly
shorter than the leaves; flowers minute; stamens 3; fruit clavate,
acutish, with glandular ribs. Western Texas.
4A8B. Fruit 3-5-winged or almost paccsed in the first, obpy-

ramidal, truncate; probably all annual

21. B.intermedia n.sp. Slender annual; notat all glandular,
slightly pubescent below; leaves elliptical to oblong lanceolate,
obtuse, apiculate, whiter below, slender petioled, rounded at base,
about 1’ long, sinuate on the margins, not black-dotted; branches
panicled, with a single filiform peduncle in most lower axils
about 6-12” long, but above dichotomously cymose-panicled, the
ultimate peduncles 4-6” long, peduncles bearing 2-5 umbellate;
cainpanulate flowers about 1” long, which equal the ovaries;
stamens included; fruit not contracted to a stipe, on a filiform
pedicel, about 4” long, ribs raised into pseudo wings, narrower
than the body, rugulose between the angles. El Paso, Texas.
Distributed as B. erecta, No. 4173, Jones. See Fie.

22. B. triquetra Wats. Proc. A. A. 24 71. Low, puberulent
and viscid; leaves lanceolate, pedicels very short; flowers pink,
1” long; stamens 2, included; fruit 1°’ long, very acutely 3-4
angled, sides rugose, not contracted into a stipe. Gulf of Cali-
fornia.

23. B.alata Wats. Proc. A. A.24 69. Puberulent, reddish;
leaves narrowly oblong to linear, or lower ones broader; flowers
Joosely panicled, solitary, clustered on slender pedicels, 1-3” long;
Stamens 5, included; fruit nearly 2” long, rather broadly 5-
winged, the wings often broader than the body. Guaymas,
Mexico.

24. B. pterocarpa Wats. Proc. A. A. 17 376. Nearly
smooth, prostrate or widely spreading and low annual; leaves
ovate, acute, short petioled, less than 1’ long, with undulate

‘ Margins, white below; stems pubescent; flower clusters in pani-

42 Contributions to Western Botany.

cled, leafy racemes, each cluster nearly sessile in the axil of the
leaf; flower minute, sessile, but base contracted into a stipe; fruit
prominently 3-4-winged the apex and wrinkled between the
ribs. Arizona.

5A Flowers panicled, many,in umbels at the end of pedun-
cles.

25. B. annulata Cov. Death Valley Rep. 177. Tall peren-
nial, stems rather stout with glutinous spot on each internode;
leaves ovate to oblong-ovate, glandular dotted apd hirsute, irreg-
ularly toothed or lacerate, 2-3’ long, cordate at base and with
the flowers and fruit loosely villous; bracts of the inflorescence
minute; flowers in clusters at the ends of the branches, small,
with three conspicuously exserted stamens; fruit about 2” long,
narrowly oblong-pyriform, barely angled by ribs. narrowed at

oth ends, sometimes smooth. This grows in the Death Valley
region, California.

3. ACLEISANTHES Gray.

Plants of the Larrea Zone of Arizona to Texas and New
Mexico.

A, Plants glabrous or nearly so, prostrate to trailing; flowers
2-6’ long.

1. A.anisophyllaGray Am. Jour.Sei. 2 14 319. Plants pros-
trate; leaves oval to ovate, very unequally paired; flower 14-2’
long, much longer than the width; fruit 2” long, 10-ribbed.
Western Texas.

2. A.longiflora Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 215319. Trailing and
glabrous plants; leaves deltoid-ovate to rhombic-lanceolate; flow-
ers white and fragrant; calyx tube 4-5’ long; fruit eylindrieal, 5-
angled and 10-ribbed, ribs not enlarged above. El Paso, Texas.
2A. Plants rough-pubescent; Mowers about 2’ long.

3. A. Wrightii (Gray) B. & H. Am. Jour. Sei. 2 14 318.
(Pentachrophys Gray.) Plants scabrous and widely spreading:

_Contributions to Western Botany. 43

leaves oblong, about 1’ long; calyx tube 1-2’ long; fruit 3-4” long,
5-ribbed and ribs glandular an usually thickened above. El
Paso, Texas and southeastward.
. A. crassifolia Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 14 319. Plants
_ scabrous-puberulent, decumbent; leaves thick, rounded at base,
ovate; flowers 6”’ wide; fruit ovate, scarcely ribbed. Western
Texas,
5. A. nummularia n.sp. Like A: crassifolia butleaves oval,
13-2’ long, coarsely pinnate-ribbed, glaucous below, erose, black-
dotted, clustered at base; flowers paniculate and panicle snes
plants apparently erect. El Paso, Texas, Sept. 12, 1884. Jone

4, ABRONIA Jussieu.

All caulescent plants except the scapose A. nana; flowers
often very fragrant, many, in a dense head; wings of fruit net-
veined, sometimes rudimentary in A. umbellata and absent
in A. alpina; seeds smooth and cylindrical; at least the flowers
generally viscid; bracts of the involuere wrapped over the flow-
ers in the bud; seeds chestnut colored. i
Ovary lobed by the cavity extending into the wings there-
by making the hase of wings double; wings wider abore,
extending below the base of the seed only in A, cycloptera
and A. micrantha; seeds acutish, flattish, 1%’’ long, nearly
oblong, barely half filling the cavity in its length.

» >

AB. Widely spreading or czespitose perennials, with stout
Stems when present; flowers fragrant, except in A. nana,
not red; wings tapering from the apex to nothing at the
base of seed.

1. A. nana Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 294. Shortly-pubescent;
cespitose and acaulescent plants; leaves elliptical and acute at
both ends, sometimes with obtuse tip and truncate base, on very
long petioles; peduncles scapose from a rather woody stem which

44 Contributions to Western Botany.

is so condensed that the dead petioles are closely imbricated;
bracts large, oval, scarious, white, rounded; fruit with 5, hollow,
wide, thin wings which are wide at tip and soft and papery,
making the fruit without a leathery body; seed like that of A.
villosa but very flat and oblong-lanceolate. This grows in the
Juniper Zone of the Great Basin and northern Arizona. Not
common.

2. A. fragrans Nutt. Kew Jour. Bot. 5 261. A. elliptica
E. Nels. Torr. Bull. 26 7. Nearly prostrate with rather sparse
Jeaves which are from oval to oblong-ovate, the blade being 1-2’
long and as long as the lower petioles but much longer than the
upper ones; bracts like those of A. nana, few, normally large,
white, rounded, papery, and often 1’ long; flowers white or only
tinged; fruit without thickened disks at the top of the wings
(rarely a wing or two hasaslight thickening at top). This
grows in the Juniper Zone from Nevada and Oregon eastward to —
Iowa and southward to Texas, Arizona and Mexico. Common.

3. A. latifolia Esch. Mem. Ac. Pet. 10 281, A. arenaria —
Menzies. This maritime species of the northern Pacific coast is
prostrate and very viscid, with five small bracts and yellow
flowers. | .

A2B. Annuals; stems slender and widely spreading.

4. A. turbinata Torr. King’s Rep. 5 285. Leaves from
nearly reniform to ovate, acute, base mostly triangular; flowers :
greenish-white to rose-colored; fruit not very rigid, mostly with
disks on the upper end of the wings. A. Suksdorfii C. & F. Bot. —
Gaz. 17 348 is the same but without the disks. This grows in
the Juniper Zone of western Nevada and eastern California to
Oregon. Common.

5. Var. Carletoni (UC. & F. Bot. Gaz. 17 349.) A. angusti-
folia Greene Pitt. 3 344. Leaves from oblong-ovate to oblong-
lipear, mostly acute; bracts subulate-lanceolate; wings of the
turbinate fruit variously pubescent and with or without disks;
flowers mostly greenish-white. This intergrades with the type |

Contributions to Western Botany 45

at all points. From eastern Colorado southward to eastern
Arizona. Common.

2A. Ovary not lobed; wings consisting of a single blade, ab-
sent in A. alpina.

24B. Wings wider above than below (narrowedaborve alsoin
A. umbellata var. alba), generally reduced to a vestige at
the base of fruit, never produced below it; seeds like those
of section A.

2A4BC. Perennials, prostrate.

6. A. mellifera Dougl. Bot. Mag. t 2879. Very widely
spreading and slender, in tufts, often four feet in diameter; flow-
ers white; bracts of the inyolucre scarious, 3-6” long; fruit wings
often much elongated laterally and wider than the fruit; leaves
ovate to oblong-lanceolate, truncate to cuneate at base, on slen-
der petioles; seed nearly linear, otherwise asin A. villosa. Grows
in the Juniper Zone of southern Oregon and western Nevada.

7. A. umbellata Lam. Ill. t 5. Involucral bracts narrowly
lanceolate, not over 3” long; flowers rose-colored; wings as in
the above, inner coat that of A. gracilis; seed the same. Common
along the Southern Pacific sea-coast only.

8. Var. alba (Eastwood Proc. Cal. Acad. 3 1 97.) Closely
resembles the above but has the wings widest in the middle or a
little below the middle and rudimentary at tip and base, South-
ern Pacific sea-coast.

9. A.alpina Brandegei Bot. Gaz.27 456. Forming mats 15’
in diameter, viscid-pubescent; leaves nearly orbicular, 14-24”
wide, petioles 5-74” long; peduncles 24-3” long; bracts 4-5, nar-
rowly ovate-acuminate, 1-14” long; flowers 5, rose-colored to
white, 6-74” long, 4-5” wide; fruit 14-2” long, narrowed at both
ends, thin-coriaceous, obtusely to acutely 5-angled, glabrous,
tuberculate veined, not winged. Probably is a depauperate
form of A. umbellata. Monatchy meadows, Mt. Whitney, Cal.,

46 Contributions to Western Botany.

7-8000° alt.; at Templeton in loose granite sand. Purpus, Nos.

1877, 1497.

10. A. maritima Nutt. Bot. Cal. 2 4. Very stout; involu-—

cral bracts short, ovate-oblong; flowers red; wings of fruit some-

what Jeathery; otherwise as A. umbellata. Southern Pacific

sea. coast.
2AB2C. Slender and widely spreading annuals.

ll. A. gracilis Benth. Bot. Sulph. 44. All but the lowest

leaves very villous-glutinous, leaves rhomboidal to ovate, obtuse, |

wavy, about 1’ long or less, with variable petioles; flowers bright-
pink, about 4-5” wide; fruit. much like that of A. villosa. but
wings not so produced, inner coat with peculiar markings; seed
flat and oblong-ovate. Tropical Zone of southern California and
southward.

12. A, villosa Wats. Am. Nat. 7 302. Involucral bracts

lanceolate and acuminate, not over 4” long; flowers pink; fruib

with a firm body, strongly net-pitted; 3-5 thin wings without —

disks, truncate to acute above; seed shiny, lanceolate; leaves
oblong to ovate, wavy, obtuse, base triangular; villous plants.
Grows in the Larrea Zone of southern Nevada and Utah.

13. A.angulata JonesCont. 8 39. Whole plant very gland-
ular hairy, even to the flowers, except the leaf blades; stents

fruit 2” long, body oblanceolate, 3”? wide,
tracted below fully 1”

seems obcordate. Southwestern N evada and eastern California.

2A2B. Wings very wide all around and produced above and —

below the seed; rather Short and Stout-stemmed avinuals,
widely spreading; leares ovate or narrower; petioles equal

ing the leaves and 1-3’ long;
body of fruit stipitate and pisti! prolonged at the apex to
the edge of the wings; wings reticulated. around the mar-
gin and transparent; body of the fruit 1-3-
Side; flowers ahout 1’

wings but little con- 4
wide at the produced apex, fruit in outline

ribbed on each |
long, greenish to red: seed linear ©

a ee a ee Te eT eg eT Net ee Tet oa

= al as ics a aca a

bracts small, not over 4’ longi

Contributions to Western Botany. 47
cylindric, about 3’’ long, filling the entire cavity; whole
plant smooth, or rarely glutinous, short-hairy abore.

2A2BC. Stipe of fruit short; wing rounded to emarginate at
apex and with a double network, the primary meshes
being filled with many fine and much-branched Lines; pe-
duncles scarcely exceeding the leaves, often short.

14. A. micrantha (Torr. Frem. Rep. 96) Choisy DC. Prod.
13 2 436. Has the fine double network throughout the wing,
and ribs not conspicuously raised nor winged, nearly straight;
wings rounded or rarely emarginate at’ tip; flowers in the type
smill and greenish and peduncle shorter than the petiole.
Grows in the Navajo Basin, also on the plains of southern Wyo-
ming and Colorado; Juniper Zone. It is difficult to separate this
from A. eycloptera.

15. Var. pedunculata Jones Cont. 7 716. Flowers often
large and pinkish, peduncle longer than the leaves or as long;
bracts broader. Navajo Basin of eastern Utah.

16. A, Crux-Maltae Kell. Proc, Cal, Acad. 2 71, This has
the fine double network around the edge of wing only, outline of
wings oblate, emarginate; ribs raised into very stout transverse
wings or rays at the base, making the body of the fruit look like
the burrs or Xanthium spinosum orCenchrus. These rays extend
even to the meshes of the wings; flowers large, red, very fragrant;
bracts acute; leaves elliptical-oblong, mostly acute; peduncles
slender; found only in the Juniper Zone of western Nevada and
Oregon.

242B2C. Wings without a double network throughout, not
emarginate nor rounded at the apex, often acute; stipe of
fruit long, peduncles elongated.

17. A. cycloptera Gray Am. Jour. Sci. 2 15 319. Flowers
large, red; main ribs of wing bent at least at base, not raised
into transverse flat rays, but arising from spongy bases. Grows
in the Juniper Zone of eastern Colorado, New Mexico, Green

48 Contributions to Western Botany.

river, Utah, and southward. A. carnea Greene Pitt. 3 343 isa

robust form.

to the writer, but is described as follows: Like A. tarbindal

but bracts 5, ovate, alittle larger, very shortly acuminate; base

of the outer flowers often 2-winged, of the inner flowers obovate: _

obconic, lobes obcordate, rose colored; stamens often 6; exterior
fruits irregularly orbicular, very often 2- winged, delica tely retic-

ulate-nerved, the inner fruits wingless and obovate and heise 3

nerved. The irregular pepbel gue of wings is hardly a goo
specific character, This may be a form of A. aa Mojave
Desert, Calif., Parish 1882, ‘No. 1345.

5. HERMIDIUM Wats.

Stamens 5-7; flowers clustered on upper part of stem, rarely
a single cluster lower down, about 1’ long; leaves large; genus of
a single species, confined to the Juniper Zone of the Great Basia
from the Sierras to western Utah.

1. H. alipes Wats. Bot. King 5 296 t 32. A stout and
very leathery plant, perfectly smooth, nearly erect; leaves on very
short and thick petioles; heads about 6-flowered on stiort pedun-

a = oS eee a me a
ee ee en eee eee ng eee ee ee a a ee

cles; bracts ovate, heart-shaped, about 9” long, and acute; flow- —

ers as long, slightly lobed, purple, as long as the stamens and
style. This plant very closely resembles Mirabilis multiflora and
differs from it but little, except in the bracts.

6. MIRABILIS LL.
Stamens usually 5, at least as long as the calyx, stigma cap-
itate; flowers rose-colored to purple, rarely white.
A. Coarse plants with large flowers.
AB, Flowers with long and narrow tubes, clustered.

1, M. Jalapa L. The common four o’clock is a smooth
plant, with many-colored and short-stalked flowers; calyx tube

Contributions to Western Botany. 49

thick; stamens not longer than the calyx: Probably escaped
from cultivation in the Tropical Zone of Arizona.

2. M. Wrightiana Gray Trans. N. Y. Acad. 14 28, generally
referred to M. longiflora L. Viscid pubescent at least above;
blade of leaves halberd-shaped, with an acuminate tip, 2-3’ long,
prominently veined, lower petioles about as long as the blade;
stems nodose, paniculately branched, tall and nearly erect;
flowers sessile in the involucre; lobes of the involucre subulate
from a broad base; calyx tube about 2-3’ long; stamens and style
much exserted. Southern Arizona to Texas and southward.

A2B. Flowers witha short and broad tube, barely as ie as
the involucre, about 1-2’ long, mostly purple.

3. M. multiflora (Torr.) Gray Am. Lye. N.Y.2 237. Mex.
Bound 169, Stout and coarse with large leaves on short petioles;
flowering peduncles short; involucre large, not deeply cleft,
five lobed, with acute lobes; flowers usually six within the
involucre, 14-2’ long, large, not delicate, the lobes nearly ro-
tate, spreading, purple or purple-streaked, concave, base star-
like by stiffer and triangular ribs which run to the sinuses
and project as teeth; throat with a dark wine-purple ring, tube
long-conical, ribs feather-veined; stamens and style declined
below and upcurved at tip; style longer than the involucre; fruit
nearely 4’ long, marked toward the base with ten oblique furrows,
smooth. Tufted and decumbent plants. Th#s occurs in the
Juniper Zone, sparingly, from Colorado i, > California and south-
ward to central Arizona.

Var. Froebelii (Behr) Proc. Cal. Acad. 1 69. var. pubescens
Wats. Bot. Cal.2 2. Plants very pubescent throughout. This
hardly deserves varietal rank. A form of it with upper part of
plant very pubescent occurs in eastern Nevada, in the Juniper
Zone. Variations also occur in Utah with the outside of calyx
and upper part of plant short-pubescant and glutinous with
minute hairs standing straight out from the plant.

30 Contributions to Western Botany.

2A. Straggling and slender plants with small leaves and flow
ers, the latter with tube very short.

4, M. Californica Gray Mex. Bound. 173. M. levis (Benth.) |
Curran, Bot. Sulph. 44, Proce. Cal. Acad. 2 1 235. Flowers _
1-3, less than 6” long, broadly funnel-form with a short tube,
very delicate; involucre bell-shaped, not over 3” long, five-cleft _
with acute lobes, fruit broadly obovate, 14-24” long, obscurely
10-grooved; leaves broadly ovate, 1’ or less long, on very short —
petioles. This belongs to the Larrea Zone from southern Utah, —
California and southward and runs up into the lower Juniper in —
the Sierras. M. Bigelovii Gray Proc. A. A. 21 413 with very ©
viscid-villous pubescence, stems and rounded leaves flaccid,
flowers pale and little longer than the involucre, is probably only —
a form of this; it is found at Peach Springs, northern Arizona.

M. tenuiloba Wats. Proc. A. A.17 375. Viscid-pubes- —
cent; like M. Californica but leaves somewhat acuminate, with
cordate base, and often halberd-shaped; involucre 3-5” long, cleft |
below the middle and divisions narrowly lanceolate; petioles —
slender, 6-9” long; stems white; seeds oblong, barely grooved, 2
trifle wider above, 4” wide, 13” long. Probably only a form of
this very variable species, but leaves remarkable. San Bernar-—
dino Co., Cal., to Fairview near Williams, Arizona. Juniper to —
Larrea Zone.

7. ALLIONIA Leefl. (Oxybaphus Vahl.)

Stamens usually 3; fruit several-ribbed or angled except in |
A. oxybaphoides; involucres 5-lobed and 1-5 flowered, in
fruit generally spreading out flat, especially after the fruit has ,
fallen, flowers bell-shaped, very delicate, translucent, with deli-
cate ribs, white to purplish (except A. coccineus, which has —
‘conspicuous, red, nearly tubular, long flowers), small; stigma
capitate on a filiform style; plants tufted, tall and erect, often
widely branched; A. hirsuta sometimes 1° and A. Bodini not

Contributions to Western Botany. ol

over 6’ high; perennials with straight stems. The species of this
genus are based on too variable characters to be of much value.

A. Stems glaucous, except in A. linearifolia; leaves linear,
fruit pubescent.

1. A. Bodini (Holzinger Cont. Nat. Herb. 1 287 pl. 21.) Mo-
rong Mem. Torr.Club5 355. Low plants,2-5’ high, not more than
minutely pubescent; diftusely branched, slender branches diver-
gent; leaves narrowly linear, sessile, }- 14’ long, 1” wide or less,
slightly narrowed at both ends, fleshy; involuere single, short-
pedunculate in upper axils, finely pubescent, about 3” wide when
mature, 5-lobed about to middlé; lobes ovate-oblong, acute; fruit
narrowly obovuid, obtusely 5-ribbed, very pubescent, 23” long.
Juniper Zone or Lower Oak of eastern Colorado, also Pueblo.
A. Bushii Britton Bull. Torr. Club 22 223 seems to be the same,
With stalked involucres. This grows in Missouri.

2 A. linearis Pursh Fi. 728. Slender and glaucous plants,
except the pubescent coma se involucres; aged steed,
bushy and tufted, 2-3°h
of 45 degrees; leaves eee to broadly linea: tontlaey, generally
elongated; fruit ribs 5-7, smooth, fruit scarcely tubercled; base of
flower hemispherical to 1” above base, then rotate-campanulate,
lobes oblong-ovate, 2” long, wavy or erose, obtuse; stamens arise
from the center of the base of flower with capillary, scarcely
tapering filameuts 6-8” long, tips bent and twisted; anthers didy-
mous, of 2 obliquely oblong parts which are yellow-warty as if
glandular but are really glabrous, fixed by the middie, rather
large, with few large pollen grains; pistil fully 14, times the fila-
ments, capillary, coiled at least in the bud, tip a rather large,
flattish knob, style often purplish, rest of flower white, except
the anthers; flowers erect, outside of calyx and involucre gland-
ular. Grows from the upper Juniper Zone southward, Iowa to
Idaho and Utah and southward. Oxybaphus angustifolia Sweet.

3. Var. coccinea (Torr.) Mex. Bound. 169, resembles A.
angustifolia except that the flowers are long, nearly tubular and

o2 Contributions to Western Botany. |
red; flowers in ours tubular-bell-shaped. Arizona and New
Mexico.

4. A.linearifolia (Wats. Proc. A. A.17 376). Slender plants,
2° high, with spreading branches from the alternate axils, glab-
rous except the pubescent peduncles, involucres and flowers;
leaves linear, narrowed at base, the lower 3-4’ long; peduncles
very slender, spreading or reflexed, 2-4’ long; involucres 1-2-_
flowered, becoming 6” wide, cleft to below the middle, the lobes
acute to acuminate; flowers greenish, bell-shaped, 2-3” long; —
stamens 5; fruit oblong-obovate, pubescent, very prominently 5-_
ribbed, the ribs thick and almost touching. Resembling some
forms of A. nyctaginea. Valleys of southern Arizona in the
Tropical Zone.

A. diffusa Heller Minn. Bot. Stud. 2 33. Upper part of
plant glandular, plants diffuse; leaves lanceolate-linear, some-
what narrowed below; 24-4’ long, all acute, grayish on margin;

long
long, lobes broadly obovate; stamens 3, exserted. This appears
to be a 3.stamened form of A. linearifolia. Gravelly hills,Santa —
Fe, New Mexico. a

2A. Neither with glaucous stems nor linear leaves.
2AB. Fruit smooth, involucres 1-5 flowered.

2ABC. Flowers solitary; plants of southern Utah and north-
ern Arizona. "

5. A. glaber (Wats:) Kuntze Am. Nat.7 6. Smooth, pan-
icles large and open; flowers solitary in the involucre, en slender
pedicels 2-3” long, shorter than the involucre; fruit oblong,
strongly tuberculated between the prominent ribs. Southern

Utah to Texas.

2AB2C. Flowers not solitary: plants of the Mexican Boundary
region and Texas.

2AB2CD. Plants glabrous, except the peduncles in A. aggre-
gata.

Contributions to Western Botany. Be

A. corymbosa (Cav.) Kuntze Var. Texensis Coult. Fl.
Tex. 351. Leaves cordate-acuminate, margins sinuous; flowers
terminal and crowded; involucre 2-3 flowered. On the Rio
Grande, near El Paso, Texas.

7. A.aggregata (Vahl.) Spreng Ic. 5 437. Branches erect;
leaves lanceolate, short-petioled, margins ciliate; peduncles soli-
tary, axillary, villous, somewhat nodding. Prairies of western

24B2C2D, Plants pubescent,

A. oxybaphoides (Gray) Kuntze Sill. Jour. 2 15 320.
Stems slender, widely procumbent; leaves all deeply cordate, on
rather long petioles, lowest leaves reniform, upper ones acumi-
nate and sometimes angled; involucre 3-flowered, very glandular
as well as the loosely panicled peduncles; fruit: round-ovoid, with-
out ribs. Mountains near El Paso, Texas, and southward.

2A2B. Fruit pubescent; inrolucre 3-5 flowered.

9. A.albida Walt. FJ. Car. 84. Stems erect, striate, 4-
angled below, 1-3° high, glabrous to pubescent above; peduncles
and branches variably glandular; leaves lanceolate to oblong-
lanceolate, 3-nerved from base, the upper sessile and variably
pubescent, lower short-petioled; involucres much enlarged in
fruit, purple-veined; flowers pink; stamens often exserted; fruit
5-6-ribbed, obtuse, roughened in thegrooves. Colorado to Texas
and eastward.

10, A, nyctaginea (Mx. Fl. 1 100) Kuntze. Leavesnearly
smooth, all petioled except the uppermost reduced ones, obtuse
or heart-shaped at base; stems repeatedly forked. This occurs
in the Lower Oak and Upper Juniper Zones from Wisconsin to
the upper Missouri and southward to New Mexico and Texas
and westward as far as the Rocky mountains of Colorado, but
does not occur on the western side of the Rocky mountains, nor
do its varieties.

Var. Cervantesii (Lag.)Choisy DC. Prod. 13. Branchesand

o4 Contributions to Western Botany.

involucre viscid pubescent or hairy and hairs jointed; leaves
rather leathery and apie ict at base. Colorado and south-
ward.

Var. ovata (Pursh Fl. 97) Morong Mem. Torr. Club 5 146,
Leaves oblong to ovate-lanceolate, not heart-shaped. Colorado
and southward.

Var. latifolia (Gray) Coult, Fl. Tex. 352. Involucres gla-
brous or glabrate; leaves ovate to cordate, submembranous-
Texas and New Mexico to Wisconsin.

11, A.hirsuta Pursh Fl. 2 728. Fruit hairy, with 5 main
ribs and as many intermediate ones which do not run to base
of fruit, all tubercled; plants very densenly pubescent, with
long, jointed hairs; leaves lanceolate, thick, upper ones sessile;
the lewer sho:t-petioled. Exstern side of Rocky Mountains,
Colorado and southward. Probably a form of A. nyctaginea.

NYCTAGINEA CAPITATA Choisy, a prostrate annual with many-bracted
and many-flowered involucres, grows on the Staked Plains of Texas.

8. WEDELIA Leefl. (Allionia L.)

Involucre not changed in fruit; flowers 3, funnel-form, not
over 3’ long; stigma capitate; stamens 3-5, about as long as the
flowers; slender and prostrate plants, probably perennial but
blooming the first year.

1. W.incarnata (L.) Kuntze. Viscid pubescent, slender
petioled; involucre cleft toor below the middle, small; flowers
white to rose-colored, not over 4” long; anthers oblately orbicular,
emarginate above and below; plants often woolly throughout.
Grows only in the Larrea Zone from California to Colorado and-
southward, but is not found in the Great Basin. |

MISCHLLANEOUS SPECIES.

Pa

Peucedanum bicolor Wats. Coulter and Rose erroneously
describe this species as to the leaves. The writer’s specimens
come from Watson's type loeality. The leaves are ternate
with tripinnate divisions, segments filiform, 1-3” long. ‘They
should also have put this in the section with P. ambiguum and
not with P. caruifolium as it is more closely allied to the former.

Peucedanum bicolor var. gumbonisn.var. This has thesame
habit as the type, it grows in sticky clay soil on slopes where little
else will grow, it has the same moniliform roots or string oftubers
as the type, (not ceespitose as stated by Coulter and Rose) and is
like it also in the following particulars: Stems 1-1$° high, one to
few from the same crown, ascending, leafy, glabrous; petiole
Wholly dilated; rays few, very unequal, 1-4’ long; involucres
none; flowers yellow, many, small, dense, pediceled; fruit with a
strong odor, 6” long, 14” wide, truncate at both ends, linear-
oblong, a little narrower at tip than base, searcely at all narrowed
below; lateral wings reduced to thick white corky lines, dorsa
ribs are minute white lines; fruit arcuate a little, in dense heads.
This variety differs from the type in having ternate and not
bipinnate segments, the larger ones being 6-12” long, acute,
linear, not over 1” wide; flowering pedicels almost none, fruiting
pedicels not over 1” long, stout; oil tubes prominent, large,
apparently only one in each interval, 2 on the commissure, dor-
sal ribs evident. Gathered on Monroe Creek, April 20, 1900,
andin Indian Valley, southern Idaho, July 15, 1899.

Peucedanum Grayi var. aberrans n. var. Leaf segments fili-
form, oil tubes interrupted and variable in length except the central

06 Contributions to Western Botany.

one in each interval normally 2, rarely 1 or 3 in each interval.
Menroe Creek, April 20, 1900, Middle Fork of the Weiser River,
July 14, 1899, Cuddy Mts., July 11 1899, Snake River below
Weiser, April 28, 1900, all in southern Idaho.

Leptotaenia multifidaand L. EatoniCoulterand Rose, These
do not hold their characters, the dissection of the leaves, shape of
the seed face, and corky nerve are not good as separating charac-
ters. The same oil tubes are present in the one as in the other
bat they are empty in L. multifida generally. The same ten-
dency is shown in Cymopterus purpureus where, when the oil is
very abundant, the tubes coalesce and make one large tube in
each interval.

Leptotaenia filicina n. sp. Plant 3° high, glabrous; leaves _

with wholly inflated petioles, ternate, with segments pinnately
decompvund into filiform and very short lobes; rays 1-3’ long, 10
or less; pedicels 3-6” long; involucels of few, inconspicuous bract-
lets; fruit 6-8” long, 2”’ wide, with narrow and slightly thickened
margins; oil tube | in the intervals and prominent, 2-4 on the

commissure, irregular and small; seed face nearly flat, but seed —
arcuate. This bas the leaves of Peucedanum Grayi, the fruit —

nearly that of P. bicolor but is flatand thin. It would seem to
be a Peucedanum with aborted lateral wings, but is nearest to
L. Salmoniflora C. & R. Gathered in the Seven Devils Mts.,
Idaho, Aug. 5, 1899, at 6000° alt.

Cymopterus peecunpeg ot var. albiflorus (Nutt.) Pteryxia
albiflora Nutt. T. & G. Fl. 1 6 This often has but one dorsal
wing developed. the rest ts died to lines or nerves, and it
shows the weakness of the custom of making such genera as
Pseudocymopterus, etc., on the low development of dorsal wings.
The flowers are yellow. This is a well marked variety because
of the rigid and falcate divaricate leaf segments. Weiser, Idaho,
July 6, 1899. An intermediate form is from the Cuddy Mts.,
Idaho, July 11, 1899.

Viola vallicola Nelson is only a form of V. preemorsa and

OE Ne SER! Sone eS OO ae eee Oe OV eRe ERC Ne fee OP aly Jet TS ANE eee ea le er tae

ga ra re ag Ig Sak a le ie a Fh eae A 2s 2

Contributions to Western Botany. 57

that species and V. Nuttallii cannot be separated, for the pubes-
cent ovary does not hold.

Gilia sinister n. sp. Section Collomia and apparently allied
to G. aristella. Annual, slender, erect, much branched above
and branches repeatedly branched as if racemosely and, with the
flowers, appearing racemose, but always opposite a bract, not in
the forks except now and then a single flower on a plant is so
situated, glutinous hairy except the glabrous leaves and the calyx
which is glabrous at least after flowering; leaves linear-lanceo-
late, acuminate at both ends, barely petioled, the larger ones
about 1’ long, folded and so seeming to be obliquely linear, en-
tire, 2”? wide, gradually passing into minute bracts at the top;
flowers single on filiform pedicels, nearly erect, light-blue, 2”
long, funnel-form; pedicels normally 3-6” long, but when bracte-
ate in the middle by the abortion of a flower then often 1’ long,
rarely a pedicel is found 1’ long without a bract; lobes ovate,
streaked; throat dotted; proper tube 1” long and equaling the
calyx; stamens very unequally inserted; flowering calyx minute,
narrow, acute at base, 1’ long, 5-striped, otherwise white and
hyaline, 15-nerved in fruit, subulate lobes 4” jong, not aristi-
form in flower but cuspidate in fruit; fruiting calyx narrowly
oblong, enlarging with the capsule till it is broadly campanulate
and 14’ long, capsule as long as calyx and teeth, nearly oval,
not narrowed nor stipitate at base, cells 2-seeded, seeds without
Spiricles. This has the general appearance of G. inconspicua
but without the basal leaves. Middle Valley, southern Idaho,

July 7, 1899, in gumbo soil.

Spirzea lucida Dougl. Greene in Pittonia 2 221 says of this,
stems \......... of annual growth from horizontal running and
woody not deepseated rootstocks or roots, lower leaves small and
obovate, the upper oval, 1 or 2 inches long, acutish, incisely ser-
rate, flowers white.”” The stems are not from annual growth
from horizontal rvotstocks or roots but they arise the same as in
small forms of Neillia, the lowest leaves are obovate to oval and
nearly entire and obtuse, the upper leaves are larger, ovate-

oe

58 Contributions to Western Botany.

oblong to broadly-elliptical, obtuse or acute, nearly doubly
serrate above the middle and entire at base. The variety rosea
is the same but leaves normally smaller and barely doubly
serrate, often nearly entire. Old stems of both forms are dark-
chestnut; calyx lobes not embracing the akenes. I have the
type species from various places in the mountains of southern
Idaho where it is common. The variety I have from Sum-
mit in the Sierras, California, from Payette Lake, Idaho, and
from Reno, Nevada, in the mountains.

ASTRAGATLUS.

The following are changes in nomenclature that seem neces-
sary in the making of new combinations. Certain new species
and varieties are added.

A. decumbens var. convallarius (Greene Erythea 1 207). A.
campestris (Nutt.) Gray.

A. decumbens var. serotinus (Gray Pac. R.R.12 18 51). A.
serotinus Gr. l.c

A. humistratus var. Sonorae (Gray Pl. Wright 2 44). A.
Sonore Gr. ]. ¢.

A. humistratus var. Hosackiae (Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 1
157.) A. Hosackiz Greene l.c. This hardly deserves varietal
rank, though peculiar. It is a ferm growing in the shade.

A. flexuosus var. elongatus (Hook Fl. 1 140). A elongatus
Hook 1. e

A. bicristatus var. tetrapteroides n. var. Podsalittle winged
at the sutures; stipe twice the calyx; flowers in dense heads which
scarcely elongate with age, large; calyx teeth barely } the tube;
peduncles only a little longer than the leaves. Bear Valley,

Contributions to Western Botany. 59

San Bernardino Mountains, California. Jones, August, 1900.

A. Pomonensis n. sp. Pods about 2’ long, obliquely ovate,
nearly round in cross section, densely congested into a swab 4-6’
long, on a stout peduncle, membranous, nearly oval when
mature; flowers in heads 1-2’ long; banner obovate, slightly
arched remotely from the keel, erect part 14” high, sides reflexed >
4” deep, blade longer than the keel; keel straight, tip round and
obtuse; calyx teeth triangular, about 3 the tube; pedicel shorter
than the ovate, hyaline bract which is 1’ long; stipules small,
adnate, not connate; Jeaves 3-4’ long; leaflets 12-15 pairs, ellipti-
eal to ovate, obtuse, short-petiolulate, about 4” long but variable.
Common on the table land above Fallbrock, Calif., to Los Angeles
Closely allied to A, Cretalariz. The type is from my collection
of 1882

A. Crotalariae (Bth) Gray is the var. virgatus Gray Bot. Cal.
1 149.

Var. Magdalenae (Greene Pitt.1 162). A.Magdalene Greene
l.c, A. candidissimus (Bth.) Wats.

Var. Menziesii (Gray Proc. A. A. 6 217). A. Menziesii Gray
l.e. A. Franciscanus Sheld.

Var. anemophilus (Greene Bull. Cal. Acad. 4 186) A. anem-
ophilus Greene ]. c. A. miguelensis Greene. A. vestitus (Bth.)
ats

A. vallaris n. sp. Pods capitate, 14’ long, 6” wide, 4” high,
deeply sulcate dorsally, much obcompressed in the middle but
with prominent and laterally flattened tip, smooth, acute at
both ends, arcuate to $ circle, general outline normally elliptical-
lanceolate, dorsal suture intruded 4” deep in the middle, stipe
6” long and much enlarged at tip; flowers few, white, in a short:
head, 9” long; banner gently arched to 45 degrees, 1” beyond
the calyx tips, lanceolate, sides reflexed }”’ wide and most at the
tip, and so making the banner appear very narrow above; wings
linear, 1” wide, fully 1” longer than the keel, narrowed at tip,

60 Contributions to Western Botany.

a little ascending; keel gently rounded from base to tip, 3” long,
tip erect, blunt, purple, about the shape of that of A. amphioxys;
calyx tube cylindrical, 24” long, obliquely inserted, straight,
nigrescent; teeth subulate, 1” long; pedicels 1” long, stout, erect
in flower and reflexed in fruit; bracts ovate, 1” long; peduncles
sulcate, straight, 2’ long, slender, floral rachis about 3’ long;
leaves 3’ long, the petioles of the upper ones about as long as the
lower leaflets; leaflets elliptical-cuneate, mostly emarginate, peti-
olulate, 6-9” long, 3-4” wide, 7-9 pairs, thin, contiguous; stipules
very small, not connate, ovate, green, adnate, 2”’ long above and
1” long below; stems 1-2° long, tufted from a woody root, sulcate,
erect but weak and flexuous; lower internodes about 3’ long, the
upper 6-12” long; pubescence very scanty, appressed, of slender
and tapering hairs. Eastern Oregon, ia Snake River Canyon,
near Ballard’s Landing, Cusick. Belongs to the A. arrectus
group and nearest to A. secaphoides. More material just received
shows pods rugose, reflexed, stipe often 1’ long, septum intruded
even 2” deep.

An examiuation of the type A. arrectus Gray shows that the —
southern plants referred to it by Watson belong to a closely
allied species whose extreme form is represented by A. eremiti-
cus Sheldon, with almost papery pods. The intermediate form
given below could be referred to either species equally as well, as
it has the pods nearly of the former and the leaves and habit of
the latter. There may be intergrades but the writer has seen
none in twenty years’ field work. In fact none are known
between this form and A. eremiticus but they are to be expected.
Should none occur the following variety may be known as A.
Spencianus.

A. eremiticus var. Spencianus n. var. This is what has here-
tofore been regarded as the type of A. arrectus, but that species
belongs to the Leibergi-Palousensis group and probably includes
both those species. The present variety is the characteristic
form of eastern Nevada. Pods barely obcompressed, coriaceous
and rather rugose, narrowly oblong, 7-12” long, 2-24” wide,

Contributions to Western Botany. 61

often purplish, somewhat keeled ventrally, cuspidate, abruptly
contracted at base into a tapering stipe as long as or double the
calyx, sharply acute at both ends, tip not oblique, cross section
reniform, dorsal suleus deep, septum going to the middle, ventral
suture rather thin, beak sharp; flowers apparently in heads,
white; petals double the calyx, 7” long; calyx tube from about
horizontal to reflexed in fruit, tubular-campanulate, nigrescent,
gibbous, deeper cleft above, hyaline; teeth rather short and slen-
der but variable; pedicels reflexed, 2” long, stout, ascending 45
degrees; bracts hyaline, lanceolate; peduncles 4-6’ long; fruiting
rachis 2-3’ long and rather loosely fruited; leaves 5-8’ long;
leaflets thickish, 9-12 pairs, 6-8’ Jong, ovate, obtuse to retuse;
stipules distinct, scarious; stems rather stout, 1-2° high, erect,
suleate, simple to branched, tufted, rather stout and flexu-
ous, internodes 1-4’ long; pubescence from nearly. glabrous to

ashy. The northern forms have narrower and more pengere
leaves and shorter stems.

A. diversifolius var. roborum. A.junceus (Nutt.) Gray Proc.
A. A. 6 230

A. Douglasii var. piscinus (Jones Cont. 7 645). A. piscinus
Jones l. ¢

Var. Tejonensis (JonesCont.7 645). A.Tejonensis Jones 1. c.

A. reventus var. conjunctus (Wats. Proc. A. A. 18 371). A.
conjunctus Wats. 1. e

A. Purshii var. lectulus (Wats. Proc. A. A. 14 471). A. lec-
tulus Wats. |. ¢

Var. leucolobus (Jones Zoe 4 270). A. leucolobus Jones 1. c.

A. lotiflorus var. Reverchoni (Gray Proc. A. A. 19 74). A.
Reverchoni Gr. |. ¢

A. Francisquitensis var. Lagunensis (Jones Cont. 8 11). A.
Lagunensis Jones 1. ¢

62 Contributions to Western Botany.

A. flexuosus var. Fendleri (Gray Pl. Fend. 36). A. Fend- : .
leri Gr. 1. ¢.

A. Gibbsii var. curvicarpus (Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud. 9° 125).
A. speirocarpus var. falciformis Gr. Bot. Cal. 1 152

A. Hornii var. Bahaeensis (Sheld. |. ce. ate A. Baheensis
Sheld. 1. ce. var. minutiflorus Jones.

A. angustus var. imperfectus (Sheld. |. ¢. 19). A. ceramicus
var. imperfectus Sheld. 1.c. A. pictus var. filifolius Gray.

Var. ceramicus (Sheld. l.¢. 19). A. cpramions Sheld. 1. c..
A. pictus Gray,

A. leucopsis var. fastidius (Kell. Hesperian 1860), Phaca
fastidia Kell. |. ec.

Var. asymmetricus (Sheld. l.c. 19). hue ee Sheld.
lLe. A. leucophyllus T. & G.

Var. curtipes (Gray Proc. Cal. Acad. 3 103). A. curtipes
Gray ]. ¢.

A. Panguicensis ae Cont. 7 671) A. argophyllus var.
Panguicensis Joues |. ¢

A. argophyllus var. genepategy (Wats. Proc. A. A. 20
362). A. castanzeformis Wats

A. inflexus var. glareosus hes Hook. Fl.’ 1 152). A.-
glareosus Dougl. 1. c.

A. atratus var. phyllophorus n. var. Thisis what has been
regarded as the type of the species but the type is the var. sten-
ophyllus Jones which therefore is a synonym along with its
Sheldonian equivalent. Pods frequently a little curved, acutely
and abruptly pointed; flowers scattered; banner broadly ovate

rom a narrow base; wings arched and oblong; keel tip incurved
100 degrees; calyx short-cylindric, 2”’ long, barely gibbous, nar-
rowed below, nigrescent, teeth broadly triangular, } the tube;

Contributions to Western Botany. 63

pedicels 2” long, 3-4 times the bracts, ascending in flower; bracts
minute; leaflets rather remote; stipules not connate, minute,
broad and seale-like ouly at tip of the underground stems; stems
tufted, decumbent. Nevada. io

A. Orcuttianus var. Gregorianus n. var. This differs from
the type in the larger flowers, peduncles with floral rachis about
1° long, leaflets obovate to obcordate. It simulates A. eremiti-
cus, but the pods are much narrower. San Gregorio, Colorado
Desert, California.

A. Kentrophyta var. impensus (Sheld.9 118). A. viridis var.
impensus Sheild. 1. c.

Var. rotundus (Jones Cont.7 650). A. tegetarius var, rotun-
dus Jones | e.

Var. Coloradoensis n. var. Lee’s Ferry, Arizona, on’ the
Colorado river, June 16,1890. Like typical A. Kentrophyta but
pods 4” Jong, 2” high, half-oval-ovate, acuminate and pungently
pointed; stipules not at all connate even below; Jeaflets very rigid
and conspicuously needle-tipped. :

A. lentiginosus var. Idriensis nu. var. This very remarkable
var. I took to be a new species but it is clearly an outlying form
of this excessively variable species. It was collected at New
Idria, Calif., by Miss Eastwood. Pods coriaceous, triquetrous by
being much obcompressed, shortly stipitate, ovate-lanceolate,
sparsely puberulent with white hairs, a trifle inflated, deeply
suleate dorsally to 14” deep at base, not suleate at tip, 2-celled
except at tip, arcuate, a trifle narrowed below, shortly acumi-
nate with pungent tip, ventral suture raised and wing-like in
the middle, somewhat mottled, about 6” long, tip erect, cross-sec-
tion V-shaped; flowers 4’’ long with slightly exserted claws, not
arched, reflexed in fruit; banner elliptical, abruptly arched to
nearly erect 1” beyond the calyx tips, erect part 2” long and the
whole 2” longer than the keel, sides reflexed 4 deep in the
middle, white spot striate-veined; wings. linear, straight, about

-

64 Contributions to Western Botany.

4” longer than keel, about 4’’ wide, purple-tipped; keel gently
arched from base to tip in about a half circle, obtuse, about 1”
wide, boat shaped; calyx hyaline, thin, ashy, cleft deeper above,
upper side arched, lower side straight, base narrowed and in-
serted on lower corner; tube cylindric, 2’’ long, teeth short and
deltoid; bracts ovate, hyaline; pedicels shorter than the bracts;
leaves 1-2’ long, widely spreading; all but the lowest closely ses-
sile; leaflets contiguous to imbricated, obovate, apiculate, 2-3”
long, about 10 pairs, ashy on the margins, thick, petiolulate;
stipules stiff, green, reflexed, adnate, deltoid; stems prostrate,
slender; internodes J-3’ long, smooth

A. elegans (Hook. Fl. 1 144) Sheldon |.c. 154. If this name
is to be changed it should be A. minor (Hook. Fi. 1 144).

A. curtiflorus (Rydb. Fl. Mont. 242). A. elegans var. curti-
floras Rydb.}.c. This is the plant long called A. oroboides var.
Americanus and abounds in Colorado. It differs from A. ele-
gans in the very small and dull flowers, pods in very long and
rather dense racemes, and in congested leaflets. The writer has
seen no intergrades with the true A. elegaus, with which it has
been confounded.

A. sinuatus Piper Torr. Bull. 28 40 is a synonym of the true
A. speirocarpus Gray. Gray himself confused his type with the
variety falciformis which is a var. of A. Gibbsii and not of speir-
ocarpus.

sulphurescens Rydb. Torr, Bull. 28 36 is the normal

and well developed A. nitidus Dotigl. described by Hooker as

adsurgeps var. robustior Fl. 1 149 and though hardly deserving
varietal rank may be known as var. robustior ( Hook.)

A. drepanolobus var. aberrans n. var. Pods 6’ long, 2’’
high, a little arched, a little sulcate, on a slender stipe which is
1” long. glabrous only when ripe. Columbia Basin.

A. Kaibensis n. sp. Like A. Episcopus Wats. which is the
same as A. lancearius Gray. but pods broadly lanceolate-oblong,

Contributions to Western Botanp. 65

not oblique at either end, sessile, circular to a little oblate in
cross section, 9-15’ long, 3” wide, conical beaked; leaflets none
to 2-4 pairs. Gathered at House Rock, near Lee’s Ferry, north-
ern Arizona, June 18, 1890, Jones.

A. diphacus var. peonis n. var. This differs from the type
in being prostrate with ascending tips, silvery-hoary throughout,
leaflets about 8 pairs and 3” long. It appears to be very dif-
ferent from the type but there seem to be intergrades, while the
species is known to be variable. Zacatecas, Mex., Jones, 1892.

, A. agrestis var. ee (T.&G.) A. Hypoglottis var.
polyspermus T. & G. Fi. 1 328. A. virgultulus Sheld. Minn.
Bot. Stud.9 165. This ese deserves varietal rank.

A. Simplicifolius var. spatulatus (Sheld. Minn. Bot. Stud. 9
19.) A. spatulatus Sheld. |.c. A. caespitosus Gray.

A. Pattersoni var. praelongus (Sheld.) A. eee es
Minn. Bot, Stud. 9 19, A. procerus Gray Proc. A. A. 1

A. Shortianus var. cyaneus (Gray). A. cyaneus Hos ‘Fi.
Fend. 34. A. Shortianus var. minor Gray Proc. A. A. 6 211.

A. Antiselli var. phoxus n. var. Plants with the habit of A.
leucopsis var. curtipes, shrubby below, stems apparently 2° or
more high, ashy-white, rather stout, 2” thick; leaves minutely
pubescent with short appressed hairs fixed by the base, sessile
or with petiole little Jonger than the lowest leaflet, 6’ long, the
lower ones smaller; leaflets 12-14 pairs, nearly contiguous, 6”
loug, elliptical-oblong, retuse to rounded, not conspicuously re-
duced toward end of leaf; stipuies very small, deltoid, adnate,
not connate; internodes 1’ long or less, rarely more; peduncles
and stems deeply suleate, the former 6-12’ long, straight and
stout, racemosely flowered on the upper third; pedicels 1” long,
as long as the campanulate calyx, three times as long as the
minute and ovate bract, reflexed in flower and fruit; calyx white,
hyaline; subulate teeth half shorter; flowers 7” long, straight,
with petals on exserted claws; keel surpassing the tube by 4”,

66 Contributions to Western Botany.

straight, tip sharply incurved to 110. degrees, 13” high, with

very short, erect, blunt not dark point; wings linear-oblancevlate,

nearly 1” longer than kee] and much narrower, little arched;

banner 2” longer than the wings, arched to 80-90 degrees, sides

reflexed, 1” wide in the middle only; fruit pendulous, 3” high,

+” wide, 1-14’ long exciusive of the 6”-long filiform stipe,

smooth, flat, from half-oblanceolate to linear-elliptical, the sutures

either equally arched or the veutral more so, acuminate at base,

triangular apiculate at tip; flowers 15-20; leaflets never hoary be-

low, nearly glabrous above. This differs from A. Antiselli in the

long, large and narrow pod, ete. It approaches A. filipes Grays
more nearly than the type does. A. Antiselli seems to have been

confused with A. trichopodus by Gray as his specimens from the

Santa Clara Valley, Calif., are referred to that species in the Gray _
Herbarium. These specimens have broader and bluniter pods

and longer stipe in proportion.

A. tegetarioides n. sp. No.2619 Cusick,southern Blue Mts.,
Oregon, in sandy soil on the Buck range, June 28, 1901. Pods
about 2” long, double the calyx, 1” high, 4” wide, elliptical, ab-
ruptly apiculate at both ends, minutely stipitate, splitting the
calyx, chartacevus, coarsely reticulated, latera!ly compressed,
ashy with appressed hairs, widely spreading, completely 1-celled,

\ not inflated, few ovuled, 1-seeded, sutures nerve-like, sides con-
cave, cross section unequally 4-angled by the dorsal side being
bisuleate and with the raised suture between; flowers racemose,
3-5, spreading, slender, white, with banner purple striped in the
middle and keel dark-tipped, about 2” long, banner oval, not
hooded, abruptly arched at end of teeth to erect, emarginate,
fully 1” long, sides much reflexed; wings broadly obovate and
very oblique, wider than keel and 4” longer, 4” shorter than the —
banner; keel barely surpassing the calyx teeth, rounded from |
base to tip into a half circle, obtuse, about 4” wide; calyx tarbi-
nate-campanulate, tube about 4” long, with mouth not oblique
and base narrowed and obliquely inserted on a filiform and
ascending pedicel which is at least as long as the tube; teeth

Coutributions to Western Botany. 67

subulate, lax, ?”’ long; bracts lanceolate, shorter than the pedi-
cels; peduncles axillary throughout, filiform, about 3’ long; leaves
about 1-14’ long, the filiform petiole over half the whole; leaflets
thick, about 4 pairs, nearly contiguous, 2-24” long, obcordate to
oval-obcordate, with cuneate and long-petiolulate base; truncate
to emarginate, folded; stipules not connate, triangular-acuminate,
rather large, green above; stems very many, prostrate, much
branched, czespitose, in small mats; nodes very many and knotty;
internodes very short; stems perennial from a simple-crowned
root. This has the appearance of A. lentitormis largely as to
pods and habit, and also reminds one forcibly of A. Kentrophyta
var. tegetarius.

A. Alvordensis n. sp. No, 2583 Cusick, gathered in the des-
ert of Alvord Valley, eastern Oregon, June 18,1901. Pods char-
taceous, reticulated, somewhat mottled, laterally compressed till
nearly flat and vetch-like, triangular-acute at both ends, 2”
high, about 1’ long, tightly incurved into a circle, reflexed, some-
times sulcate dorsally, completely 1-celled, puberulent, not in-
flated, on a stipe about 3” long and triple the calyx, sutures
nerve-like; flowers barely 3” long, slender, purple-veined, widely
spreading, racemose, 3-8 (and pods 1-3); banner ovate, arched
abruptly beyond the calyx teeth to 90 degrees, about 1-14” long,
sides much reflexed; wings lanceolate, narrow, abruptly arched
near the end of keel to 45 degrees, about 4” longer than keel and
1” shorter than banner; keel base straight, 14” long, tip ab-
ruptly arched to erect, blunt; all petals purple-veined; calyx
turbinate-campanulate, about 1” long, 5-nerved, deeper cleft
above and oblique at mouth, narrowed and obliquely inserted at
base; teeth minute and deltoid; pedicels not half the calyx tube;
peduncles 4-J’ long, filiform, axillary, throughout; leaves 14’
long, narrow; petiole about 2-3’ long; leaflets 2-3” long, 6-8
pairs, obovate-cuneate, long-petiolulate, emarginate, thick,
folded, not quite contiguous; stipules minute, triangular, green,

-not connate; stems very slender, flexuous, erect, much branched,
less pubescent than the leaves, 6-15’ long, many, perennial.

68 Contributions to Western Botany.

This remarkable species has the flowers of A. Geyeri nearly, the
slender habit of A. Howellii, and the pods of A. speirocarpus,
though smaller,

A. arrectus var. Leibergi. A. Leibergi Jones Cont. 7. 663.

Var. Palousensis (Piper). A. Palousensis Piper Bot. Gaz.
22 489.

A. Leibergi is a remarkable form appearing distinct but
cannot be kept up. It is characterized by subscapose and very
long peduncles, almost filiform leaflets and is nearly acaulescent.
A. Palousensis hardly deserves varietal rauk. It is character-
ized by slender stems nearly a foot long and by wide leaflets
when mature.

A. Newberryi var. Watsonianus (Kuntze). Tragacantha
Watsoniana Kuntze Rev. Gen. 2 942. be

A. Hypoglottis var. bracteatus Osterhout Torr. Bull. 26 256
is an abnormal form of A. agrestis growing in the shade and
with stems protected by dead leaves so that they developed ab-
normal stipules and bracts.

A. brevicaulis Nelson Torr. Bull. 26 9 is the normal fully.
developed form of A. calycosus Torrey.

A, junciformis Nelson Torr. Bull. 26 9 is A. diversifolius

ray.

A. exilifolius Nelson Torr. Bull. 26 10 is one of the infini-
tessimal subdivisions of A. simplicifolius Wats.

A. aculeatus Nelson Torr. Bull. 26 11 is another similar
form of A. Kentrophyta.

_A. Cusickii Rydb. (not Gray) Torr. Bull. 26 541. A. Mal-
heurensis Heller Cat. N. A, 2 Ed.7 is A. arrectus Gray. <

A. Kelseyi Rydb. Fl. Mont. 241 is a well developed form of
A. terminalis Wats.

A. reventoides Jones Cont. 7 661 is probably only a form of
A. terminalis Wats. with shorter pods and broader leaflets.

Contributions to Western Botany. 69

A. sericoleucus var. tridactylicus (Gray). -A. tridactylicus
Gray Proc. A. A. 6 527. It is evident that this is only a well
marked variety as there are all sorts of intergrades in peduncles,
leaves and pods. The var. aretioides is an intermediate form.

A. scaphoides (Jones Proc. Cal. Acad. 2 5 664). A. arrectus
var. scaphoides Jones 1. ec. A. scophioides Rydberg Fl. Mont.
241. The writer never published an A. scophioides.

Homalobus hylophilus Rydb. Fl. Mont. 247 is the wide-
leaved form of Astragalus decumbens var. convallarius, growing
in the shade.

In Contributions No. 7 p. 633 the writer found it impossible
to see any reason in the Brittonian method of splitting up
Astragalus into Phaca, ete., and showed the absurdity of putting
certain very closely related species into sepa arate genera. Now
Rydberg in Fl. Mont. p. 242, 243, 245, 246, carries this still
farther by putting A. elegans, Americanus and aboriginum in
three genera though they are intimately related species, far more
closely so than A. aboriginum and A. tenellus which he keeps in
the same genus. By this method specific and generic characters
are no longer a question of genetic relationship but rather are
determined by the personal equation. The.next step will be the
creation of a botanical Pope, who shall decide whose botanical
intuitions are true and whose spurious.

ZOE. Itis a great pleasure to western botanists to see Zoe
again. It isto be hoped that the Brandegees will find the
necessary time to continue its publication, though the duties of
conducting such a journal are arduous. Zoe is the only botan-
ical journal on the Pacific Coast that has had the courage of its
convictions and the will to express them. Its immediate prede-
cessor, now happily defunct, in its later days consisted chiefly of
a cover and an urgent appeal to subscribers to pay up, which
was sufficiently indicative of the estimate which the botanical
public had for a journal that never had an opinion on any im-
portant controversial subject.

NOTES ON ONION MARKINGS.

There is a tendency in the hzematochiton-platycaule groups —

to have the two membranes of the coats separate, thus producing
alternate coats with ribs and no markings and the others with
markings and no ribs. In nearly all onions with special mark-
ings the ribs are on the delicate outer membrane only and
soon disappear. They seem to be on the main coatin the Doug-
lasii group.

The platycaule-Douglasii groups evidently develop trans-
versely-oblong meshes (acute at both ends) at times, and this
accounts for the too many species in these groups, but the true
limitations of the species cannot be given without more field
study. The faint markings on the outer membrane of the Doug-
lasii group coupled with the variable development of anceps
markings at the base of the coat will probably settle the status
of these species if the markings are constant as they seem to be.

Page 9, A. anceps, add “Found abundantly at Palisade,

central Nevada.” This species probably runs into A. Tolmiei.
Markings of outer membrane about 1x1” or transverse when not —

about square. The ends of the meshes are bluntly triangular, 3

thus making the meshes hexagonal.

The markings of A. Cusickii and what corresponds to A. —

Tolmiei are identical on the outer membrane with the same

markings on A. anceps, The crestsof A. Cusickii are peculiar —

in being triangular and small horns on the corners of the pod.
The markings on the outer membrane of A. pleianthum are
vertically oblong with rectangular ends. The crests of this
_ Species are central and close to the style.
It remains to determine to which class true A. Douglasii
belongs, but the probabilities are in favor of Tolmiei.

The markings of A. platycaule on the outer membrane are |

those of A. pleianthum but nearly linear, the main coat has very

Contributions to Western Botany. 71

faint traces of the markings of A. anceps outer membrane, and
the sepals are constricted over the ovary

Onions having meshes like grass-nerves are A. heematochi-
ton, validam, cernuum, lacunosum, stellatum, and _ probably
scaposum.

Onions having branched ribs are A. Parryi, Lemmoni, atro-
rubens, parvum, Douglasii,ambiguum, stellatum, macrum, cam-
panulatum and bisceptruin.

Such species as A. Parryi, atrorubens, decipiens, fimbriatum,
and perhaps cristatum are probably without special markings,
the markings given being those of the outer coat, but these are
serviceable in determining the species because of their relative
size.

The markings of A. ambiguum to A. obtusum are possibly
those of the outer coat only though they are unusually strong
for such markings. There are no other meshes.

The markings of A. serratum, attenuifolium, hyalinum, and
peninsulare are the longest in the genus, being from 8-16” long,
and rarely over 1” wide, under the same enlargement. The
markings of A. Bolanderi, madidum, and collinum are similar
but run from 4-8’* long and 3-1” wide, under the same enlarge-
ment. The walls of the meshes of A. attenuifolium, hyalinum
and Bolanderi are very delicate and thin, the most so of any
special markings of our onions, though equaled in fineness by
the markings of the outer coats of most onions, these latter
coats are very thin and have meshes which are rectangular or
nearly so except in A. acuminatum and Bolanderi which have
very much distorted meshes (for which see the figures).

A. acuminatum Hooker. Watson represents this species as
having the walls of the meshes composed of 3 lines, but this is
an optical illusion, the walls are solid, wide, apparently flat on
the top but really beaded; the outer coat is yellowish and rigid;
Sepals purple-tipped, always paler below, rigid, carinate in shorn
filaments subalate; bulbs always clove to the surface.

Key to the Onions by Markings of Bulb Coats. —
.MAGNIFICATION FORTY DIAMETERS. ;
A. Ribs not branching into equal divisions and not forming —
diamond-shaped and very large meshes.
AB. Meshes unknown. cay
ABC. _ Obscure epecice-—colliiam, seilloides, Bidwelliz. .
AB2C. Meshes probably absent on main coat and rectangular
on its outer lining—fimbriatum, Hendersoni; - Douglasii,
~ erenulatum, Breweri, falcifolium. a i
A2B. Main coat without markings. Outer lining with nearly
rectangular and very faint markings.
A2BC. Meshes vertically-oblong to nearly square.
A2BCD. Meshes unknown but probably coming here—crenula-
tum, ribs many; meshes known—Parishii, ribs few.
A2BC2D. Meshes not over 2” long by 14” wide.
A2BC2DE. Ribs many, with a few lateral nerves—pleianthum 3
var. particolor, meshes 1}-2 by 1-14”; parvum, meshes 1-2"
by 4”, ribs with a few lateral ‘nerves; Douglasii. ©? °°
pleianthum, meshes 14-2 by 4-1”, base with the markings of :
anceps but vertical.
A2BC2D2E. Ribs few—decipiens, meshes 1-2 by 2”; cristatum
probably the same; Parryi, meshes 14-2 by 4- 1”, ribs with a
few lateral nerves; ‘Parishii, probably the same; atrorubens, —

meshes 2-24 by 2, ribs with a few lateral nerves.

A2B2C. Meshes transversely oblong to nearly square.

Contributions to Western Botany. :. 73

A2B2CD, Meshes rectangular or nearly so—platycaule, meshes:
14-2 by. aNa ribs with a few lateral nerves,

A2B2C2D. Meshes six-sided—Deuglasii. ? ©
Tolmiei, meshes 1 by 1’’; Cusickii, meshes 1 by 1’’.

A3B. Main coat distinctly marked with meshes at least at base.
A3BC. Meshes straight and with straight and not wavy sides.
A3BCD. Meshes with nearly rectangular ends.

A3BCDE. Meshes vertical.

A38BCDEF. Meshes linear.

A3BCDEFG. Bulbs with a rootstock—validum, meshes 7-9 by
+”, on outer membrane of coat 3-4 by 1”; brevistylum,
meshes 3-7 by }’’; Plummerze, meshes probably similar. '

A3BCDEF2G. Bulbs without a rootstock—Sibiricum probably;
cernuum, meshes 5-9 by 4-1”, outer membrane of it 10 by
1-14’4 heematochiton, meshes 7-12 by 4-1”, outer membrane
3-5 by 1”; stellatum, meshes sometimes linear and 5-7 by
9”, also 5-7 by 14-1}” and on outer membrane 14-2 by 3”;
lacunosum, meshes nearly linear, 4-6 by 1-14”, on outer
membrane 2 by 4-1” and sometimes transverse.

A3BCDE2F. Meshes oblong.

A3BUDE2FG. Meshes large—scaposum, meshes rectangular at
the ends, 2-3 by 1”, according to Watson 4 by 2”; stellatum, »
ends of meshes mostly oblique,'5-7 by 3-14”, on outer mem-
brane 14-2 by #”, ribs with a few lateral nerves; Bigelovii,
meshes with ends often curved, 5-54 by 2”.

A3BCDE2F2G. Meshes small—decipiens, (sometimes the main
coat seems to be marked) + by 2”; cristatum, the same prob-
ably; atrorubens, meshes seem to be present on the. main
coat at times, 2-23 by 1”; falcifolium may belong here.

A3BCD2E. Meshes transverse, often unevenly six-sided, plants

74 Contributions to Western Botany.

apparently allied to the tribracteatum group—minimum,

meshes 2-23 by 1”, near the base they are almost regularly
rectangular and vertical, 14-2 by 3-1’, outer membrane 1-14
by 4-1” and mostly hexagonal and transverse; simillimum
seems to be about the same; obtusum probably comes here.

A3BC2D. Meshes with triangular ends and therefore hexagonal
but ends much shorter than the sides, oblong to linear.

A3BC2DE. Meshes vertical—parvum may develop such meshes
at base, either the outer membrane or the main coat has
meshes rectangular to hexagonal and 14-2 by 4’; parvum
var. Brucee, meshes large, ¢ by 14-2’, near the base they
are 2-3 by #-1”, outer coat 3-1”, and trausversely rectang-
ular.

A3BC2D2E. Meshes transverse.
A3BC2D2EF. Leaves broad.

A3BC2D2EFG. Plants of the Sierra region—anceps, meshes 32
by 4” and linear, according to Watson 4-5 by 4-3’’; Lemmoni,
ribs with a few lateral nerves, meshes 3-4 by 4-2” and linear
to 2-24 by #-1” and oblong; ambiguum, meshes 3 by 1’,
rarely 4 by 1”, near base2-3 by 1-14” and vertical; ribs with
a few lateral] nerves.

A3BC2D2EF2G. Plants of the interior from Utah to eastern
regon and northward, meshes oblong—anceps var. aber-
rans, meshes 24-3 by 1’; Brandegei, meshes 3 by 3-1’, also
24-3 by 3-1”, the form called miser has meshes 14-3 by $-%”.

A3BC2D2E2F. Leavesnotbroad. Plants of the Utah to eastern
Oregon region except tribracteatum—tribracteatum, meshes
according to Watson with the upper side longer than the
lower and ends ofien rounded, about 3 by 14”; tribracteatum
var. Diehlii, meshes symmetrical, 3-4 by 4”, sometimes 3-44
by 1-14”; macrum, meshes 4-5 by 3”, ribs with few lateral
nerves, the form of this called Nevii has meshes # by}-1”.

Contributions to Western Botany. 7d

A3SBC3 Meshes with rounded or bluntly triangular ends,
Broa sinall, transverse—minimum, meshes 2-24 by 1”, at
base 14-2 by #-1”, rectangular and vertical, outer coat with
ends irregularly rounded, and broad but regular meshes, 1|-
13 by $-1”; simillimum also probably; obtusum probably.
2C. Meshes conspicuously not straight, serrate to con-
torted.

A8B2CD. Meshes horizontally serrate by being bent most and
abruptly near the middle, linear and very loug, triangular or
hearly so at the ends, sides nearly parallel.

ASB2CDE. Sides without crinkles—serratum, meshes quite
regularly and abruptly bent, 12-16 by 2-1”, according to
Watson 12 by 147, outer membrane inclined to separate
from the main one; hyalinum, meshes 8-10 by 4-1” and bend
more flowing, near the ends meshes 4-6 by 3-1”, and ¢ by 3-
1”, outer membrane 1-2 by 1” and verticaily oblong.

A3B2CD2E: Sides with a few crinkles only—attenuifolium,
meshes with flowing bend, 10 by 1”, 10-12 by #-1,” rarely 7
by 14-2" and with an unusual number of crinkles, outer
mermbrane 2-4 by #” and vertically-oblong with rectangular
ends, inclined to separate from the main coat; unifolium,
meshes not so uniform, abruptly bent in the middle, 5-7 by

1-13”, bulb said to be peculiar; peninsulare might be sought
here, but the meshes are curved most at the ends and little
in the middle and though they ferm serrations it is at the
ends and not in the middle, meshes 10 by 2”, farther up 6-
-10 by 1”; on outer coat 2-3 by 4-3’, vertical and rectangular.

A3B2C2D. Meshes linear or nearly so, irregularly contorted or
running obliquely and variously bent, not crinkled.

A3B2C2DE. Meshes not forming any definite figure and thereby
not repeating themselves—Bolanderi, meshes 4-8 by 3-1”,
plants of northern California region; madidum, ioohes 4.8
by 4-1”, plants of eastern Oregon and Idaho.

76 Contributions to Western Botany.

A3B2C2D2E. Meshes forming nests or obscure serrations—~
madidum, sometimes has the meshes arranged in serrations
in the middle of the coat; peniusulare, meshes running ob-
liquely and together making serrations, 10 by 2’. farther up
6-10 by 1”, upper ones 3-4 by 2-1” and these vertical, on
outer coat vertical and 2-3 by 4-2” and rectangular; fibril-
lum, ends ot several meshes joined by a common line
and much contorted into nests, or meshes: arranged like
a labyrinth, becoming fibrous with age, 7 by 4’, or 4-6 by 3-
#4”: Sanbornii may come here.

A3B2C3D. Meshes neither narrow nor regular (except that they

are nearly regular in acuminatum).

A3B2C3DE. Mesh wallsnot crinkled, thick—Nevadense, meshes
2-3 by 4-14”, toward the top they are nearly rectangular and
vertical, 14-2 by 3-1”.

A3B2C3D2E. Walls of the meshes minutely and dense! y crink-
led, at least the vertical ones.

A3B2C3D2EF. Meshes nearly regular, from hexagonal to rect-
angular, most of them transverse; but nearly as high as
wide, equally crinkled—acuminatum, meshes large, nearly
hexagonal, much raised, 5-6 by 24-3” walls coarse, inner
membrane with transversely-oblong, rectangular, fine mesh-
es $ by 7-1” and walls straight, outer membrane with
very irregular meshes like those of Bolanderi and not
crinkled, 2-3 by 1’? and with delicate walls; Palmeri, meshes
rather obscurely quadrangular, walls fine, 3-6 by 1-2’, ac-
cording to Watson 2-3 by 4-1”.

A3B2U3 D2E2F. Meshes never regular, the vertical walls deep-
ly crinkled, the lateral walls much less so and often almost
without waves; ribs with a few lateral branches, campanula- |
tum, walls of meshes coarse, very deeply crinkled, “meshes
2-3 by 1-13”, toward the top vertically oblong and 2-6 by 1”,
flowers lead-purple, low plants with narrow leaves, growing

Contributions to Western Botany. ee

at high elevations in the Sierras; bisceptrum, walls of mesh-
es less deeply crinkled and not so coarse, meshes 2-3 by 1-2”,
near the top shoe-shaped 2-24 by 1”, flowers white to pink,

_tall plants, with wide leaves, growing at middle elevations,

Nevada to Utah; Sanbornii may come bere.

Ribs branching into equal divisions and uniting to form
large and diamond-shaped meshes, the interspac: filled with
a delicate membrane which has large, vertically oblong and
rectangular meshes.

2AB. Plants producing bulblets freely among the flowers, pedi-

cels filiform and sinuous—Canadense, thin membrane with
meshes 14-2 by 1-14”, hexagonal, ends often oblique, bulb-
lets large, rather coarse plants; Geyeri, slender plants, bulb-
lets small; Geyeri var. tenerum, very slender plants of
swamps, main meshes 10-13 by 3-4’’, bulblets small.

2A2B. Plants rarely if at all producing bulbets, pedicels not

sinuous—reticulatum; reticulatum var. deserticola, main
meshes 22 by 7”, outer coat 5 by 4-2”; mutabile; Nuttallii,
meshes of membrane 1-14 by 1’’, main meshes very large.

NOTE—Unless otherwise stated the onion markings figured are from the
t

center of the coa

ERRORS—Page 31, Allium lacounsum should be lacunosum.

Page 51, last line, A. angustifolia should be linearis.

Abronia F 35,43 Allionia glaber ..... icc Gano
alpina 43, 45 hirsuta gy: Hee
BTUPRIATA lsc y ks ceed ... 46, 48 lineariolia.. 322. 4 51, bu

angustifolia linearis 51
arenaria 44 var, coecinea a
ecarnea 48 WVCLAGINGH:. C5 ier 52,53
Crux-Malt2 ...... .....+ 47 var. Cervantéall.. 5S.
cycloptera .. 43,47 Vur. latiolia...4 a

ptica 44 OVAL a :
fragrans scuba pews. ... DO, AB
ilis 46 Allium ee. 4, 70
Ito ou ee 44 acuminatum...21, 25, 28, 71
MATIN A Ae as 46 var. ee um....26
MeHfOrA ols oct a s 5 Alleghenen 30
rantha 43, Scone eate 18;.18, 32,44

var. pedunculata...... 47 anceps 9:32, Tote

nana 43, 44 var. aberrans...9, se

OPONANENE 35 conde onc cS» Bumper mice vars 297/113] Gueeemrege mes nee

Suksdorfil 2000 ks 44 ebereat ae 14,17 A S23;
turbinata oe, 48 ?,38; 72
var, Carletoni.......... atrorubens............ S31
um bella ta 0.45.6. .54:5,< , 45 Bid wells cca ses 1.15, 32
vi al 45 Bigelovii 13, 14
llosa 46 bisceptrum..,..25, 27, 31,
Acleisanthes 35, 42 = 83, 71
isophylia sot Secs 42 ar. Utahense........ 3
Gransilolinw a so 43 se Reteenes 2 ey fi a $2074
OTRGG ee 42 randegei 6,13, 32
ummularia 43 brevistylum
htii 42 Breweri... : re
Adenostoma fasciculatum............ 1 Californicu 8
5, 50 cdheaantea 15,23
RU STORAGH oases 53 é 32, 71
albida Be Canhadense so 8, 29
Bodini at cernuuin £ i 8 Gay g |
Bushii 51 var sae sun ee, °)
corymbosa ; 53 collinum.... my 32. Me
var. Texensis ....... 53 crenulatum

diffusa 52 erispum fe

eo- ae Aaadiel DARREL ET 8
Series ‘. 20. 24, es

evii

Nuttaliii 99
obtusum 19,71
eri 25, 27
Parishii 20
Parryi 16.20.8471
parvum 1 - 12, TL
ar. 9,10, 12
peninsulare..... ie 22, '32, vig
PIBUVCAUIO 2c a ees OF
pleianthum....:.:....c2.:..
var. particolor.....31
Plummerse
recurvatum 8
TORCUIAGH I es. 29,33
var, deserticola.....30
rubrum
sabulicola...... 29
Sanbornii......... eeraeairesaate 6
scapo Ose ae ee

Index. 79
Allium cristatum............16,31,71 Allium scilloides 14, 32
Cusickii 11,70 serratum............... 20,21, 71
decipiens............ SEO A Uk Sibiricum >
dichlamyd sini
Douglasii.....9, 10, 23, Shy a3 stellatum 14,71
faleifolium a ge tenanthiim 65.6088. 28 §
fibrillu 5, Py 24. Tolniei
fibrosum 28 tribracteatum 17, 19, 20, 33
fimbriatum........... 16, 31,71 var. Diehlii..... 48, 23
veri ricoceum 3
enerum......... u PAUPTBN Ys dbs cae cavatenes 30, 33
GS eciabicn ae 8, 70,7 VRC WR ce caseceeccss ne Ces ait fe
Hendersoni.... 9, 10 wig ie rei tridentarar.. 2 2
Hy Aalnum 2 2 a 22, 32,71 spen 2
Kunthii pe a 58
lacunosum..... Saver 25, 31,71 aculeatus.. , .68
Lemmoni......:...9, 11, 12; 72 adsurgens ¥ var. roWustior ae
MACTUM: ...3.....1 1, 28,32, Ti agrestis.
madidum Et, 2Ucen, popes spermus i
32, 71 Ea a ge GF
minimum Snemophilus 2. .. ae 59
miser 13 PURGES esac ace as ee 62
ia a x RSs iiaian 30 var ceramicus......62
muta 29 var. imperfectus.. pe

Antiselli

var. else ne eiteds “
argophyllu

var’ cake neformis 62

. Pangnicensis...62

60,68

arrectus ‘
var. Leibergi........68
* Palouse:sis..68
var. scaphoides....69
moa apg Fess AEE cloet y ye
Et epi Pigonerr ea igre poy opener
var. rig Reale
Bahwensias... siskeesisees cib see
bicristatus
var, tetrapteroides 55
hravicaulia i 68
CBIV COREG foi ci live. ccisbees 68
ceespitosus 65
GETIAIORUEIE Gls toss lusdeeeccccarscit her
candidissimuwus ...............-++4 59
castanaeformis................ 62
BGP IICU i capes rede lvoe bsenues 62

var. imperfectus ..62

Index.

Astragalus conjunctus...... cog
Crotalariz

var. anemophilus.. 2s
. Magdalene.,...59
ar. Menziesii.......59
var. virgatus........59
64

eurtiflorus

curtipes 62

Cusickii 68

cyaneu 65
u

mbens
var. convallarius..58, 69
var. serotinus............5
diphacus var. peonis.........65
diversifolius 68
var.roborum........61
Douglasii var. piscinus ....61
jo 6

var. Tejonensis..... 1

drepanolobus
var, aberrans........64
64

elegans :
var. curtiflorus....64
58

ESPISCOPUB:.ci2) Belasds cs OE
ep

remiticus 60,63
ar. Spencianus. age
Serene
HORCIBEE 6 fis his 5 scone cess 02
ipes
seat ale Mage a ee 5s
. Fendleri .......
ee
Francisquitensis
var Lagunensis ...61
Gibbsii 64

var. curvicarpus...62

glareosus 62

eaten Bahveensis...,.62
minutifiorus .

Hosacki
saglutainieig
sraag anaes rete
var, Sono
le
ar. ppc atus....6
var. polyspermus 05
ES RES baer SUR

Astragalus junceus..,..................61 —
junciformis . Sone
is: 64 —
Kelse 68
Eaten ecvtaaenuwerees ..68
var r.Coloradoeasiaa

var. impensus.......63 |
var. rotundus.. sone Oe

leaeot9 bus Rhee a
eue cophyllu 62 i
rs: »psi Z

var. cur Gece

var. fastidius..
latifiorus var. Reverchoni re 4
Magdalenac ............-..:.08m
59:

to

ar. Watsonianus 68 |
nitidus ...64

var. sotuation 2 64
Oreuttianus y
var. Gregorianus 63
oroboides
var. Americsnut a ;

|B urehfis var, ge oti :
ochre, eis

Index. SS]

68

5 Sanson reventoides
ventus var. ot ody eds
ni

uaa
BCEDNOIGGS 3.5256. 0.5.: oo ceva ve te
scophioides. 69
ooo
ar. aretioides...... 69
var. tridactylicus 4
serotinus

Shortianus var. cyaneus. 5
var. minor

eae PERI Cee: a
r. spatulatus....65
6

sinuatns Wacene vise te beasentosaeke 4
Son 58
spa reap SP eWeiaaene. < eweseiee a
Meier aed Sp MeO nares

. faleiformis..62, os

ulphurescens ...........-...-+. oh
tegetarioides ....... -.......06
“nee thet var. rotundus 63
TOJONENBIR 2 oic 5.5 cos cesceessetess
termi pe 68
tridactylicus 69
vallaris 59
vestitus 59
APU COI oy. cole scus sicvaubes 15
viridis var. impensus....... 63
agente Mg Reece epee epee 35, vs
muneopeyiia Agia POEs Ree
var. paniculata.....39
PRELUDE VGUIE. s5 os eee ph ons nasejeatec se 4:
Helctenda th BT
Coulte 87
decumbens Ls
erecta 40, 41
PTIOSCIONA . .<.<ccssseesccugnysseee’ 39
s2. 87
i B39
gypsophiloides..............--. 37
40
i meee |
IEIOBGIOUA 60 ioess eee 39
foli 38

Berhavia er Piiuetsecadateues 41
TPUTABCONG 03050. .cccesr ese 40
ramulosa...... Fevcovebaucbsonste? 40
scandens 89
spicata 388

var. Palmeri...36, 38
var. ‘Torreyana..,.38
.38

tenuifolia
CPiQuetVa 165i cyssisess oot e
viscosa 40
Wrightii emia
Xanti 38
CRONCHTUE sacs bic ka Hiccak Ses theediie averse 47
Prats!

Cymopterus purpu
erbinthinus var. > alee pi
Gilia aristella

NCONSPICUA.........-4+-eeeee es ot

APIBLOY ihc ckvsathereec see eeese
Hermidivnicc. iiss ee 34, 35,48

ATIPES.........seceeeeeeee eer eese ees
malobus hylophilus welebtabokssees 69
Toniper Utahensis..ci,5:.-02-1--+ 1,2
Key ...cccee ee veccsecseseeenscnesseeeeeeeconees 3
aly to Onion Markings 72
Larrea tridentat mI
Le SOT FOATOD I co cccscccecoceestse 56
PEED eet tase Ceres or 56
m citi |: eee Per ter eerry rc 56
salmoniflora. .......----+6-++ 56
Mra DEG 55 occ cess ese eee 34,35, 48

BigelOvii ........seeeeceserneereet
Californica........-----++sese+++ 50
FAlAPA.....0-cccverece-eesceeeeers 48
levis .. 50
ngiflo eee 49
muttifiora. "84 5,48 49
belii......49
var. pubescens.. 49

tenuiloba ...-..--- operee

Wrightiana ..-.--'-----: 49
Neillia oes cee 57
NYCTAGINACES. 5 ley es Oe
Nyctaginea capitata..... ------ 54
Oxvbaphus,....... ...-.- -.---. 50
animate’ Hang
Peucedanum deat. ple ae

82 Index.

Peucedanum bIcGlOL, ss ecko
ar. gumbon gees

: ‘
earuifolium

Grayi os

var. aberrans......55

Phaea fastidia 62

PINUS MONTOPDIMA..05 oo ccscesscccccsscese

ponderosa 9

ervxi flora 5Ee

Quercus Gam i 2
Schcenoprasum lineare 7

3
chenopodioides...............386

remo
vallicola
: Coes
nearnata. ..,....;
Xanthinm SPINOSUM..........000000047
69
penal Distribubion:¢.:.2...c40 core

paresis diffasus \.3.5/. ae 5
lanceolatue .........2..c-000280
pacer facia

. He
Tragieantha' Motions jocsesie
Viola Nu 5’

APPENDIX.

The author regrets the necessity for the scrappy character
of Contributions No. 10. In explanation will say that the body
of the paper was printed last December. It early became ev-
ident that plates would be needed for the onious. The long
delay in the preparation of the plates gave the author time
to accumulate much material and some notes toward clearing
up certain ambiguous species. “The results were recorded un-
der “Addenda” along with the changes of view caused by the
new material. A revision of certain groups of the Nyctaginaces
of our region was added along with certain changes and new
names in Astragalus. An unexpected opportunity to make an
extended trip to the coast through Oregon, Washington and
Nevada caused the author to distribute that part of the Contri-
butions already printed and to reserve the plates and notes for
the Appendix.

The author wishes to acknowledge his obligation to Mr.
Diehl! the printer, and editor of the Mammoth Record for assist-
ance in proof reading and tests of the MS. in my herbarium by
actual analysis of all the species of onions, using the key and
descriptions of this Contribution.
fe Allium Californicum Rose is certainly only a form of A.
heematochiton. .

» A, Hendersoni R.&S isa form of A. Douglasii for the sta-
mens are not always exserted.| The peduncle is double the
leaves as in the otter Idaho forms. Have seen duplicate types.

A. falcifolium var. Breweri (Watson), A. Breweri Wats.
Proc. A. A. 14 233. This is manifestly only a broader sepaled
form of falcifulium. ‘The serrations of the sepals are either ab-
sent or present on both forms. The species combines the char-
acters of A. Douglasii and platycaule, but can be kept separate

84 Contributions to Western Botanp.

by the serratures when present, the variable sepals and crested
ovary. The sepals are not constricted over the ovary

in A. platycaule. The so-called species A. falcifolium
Breweri, platycaule, Douglasii, Tolmiei, Cusickii, pleianthum
and Hendersoni all grow on the same kiad of soil and in sim-
ilar situations, a very barren clay or decomposed porphyry, on
bare slopes or knoils which are well drained. ‘They prefer shal-
Jow soil on flat rocks. ‘The first two grow in the Tropical Zone
as to climate; the third in the upper Temperate near the alpine,
and the others in the lower Oak or middle Temperate.

A. parvum is put with this group because of the bulb char-
acter but the writer did not intend to say thatit is not a well
marked species.

A. parvum var. Brucae is common in the Sierras and has
been collected and distributed by Congdon as A. obtusum Lem-
mon.

A. sérratum var. dichlamydeum (Greene), A. dichlamydeum
Greene Pitt. 1 166. This is a well marked variety with very
broad and abruptly acute sepals. Have seen dupiicate types.

A. unifolium Kell. is very close to A. peninsulare Lemmon.
Its peculiar character of root is imaginary. ‘The root is no more
a coated corm than many other onions. There are few scales
anda solid center asin A peniasulare, falcifolium, ete. ‘The stem
is peculiar in coming from a horizontal ovate bulb, and coutin-
ues horizontal for about two inches and then turns upright.
At the bend it roots and forms a néw bulb. This character
favors its spreading underground.

A. Bolanderi as to its root is liable to be taken for a corm also
as it propagates by the production of a new bulb from the lower
corner of the old one, and as both bulbs are alive it makes the
root seem oblong and something like a rootstock or short corm.
The markings place it near to the peninsulare group, but they
are variable.

A. lacunosum Watson was correctly placed by Watson in

Contributions to Western Botany. 85

the bisceptrum-acuminatum, group. ‘The’ bulb scales sent me
from the type were the outer membrane only and not the main
coat, in addition they were probably taken from the upper part
only as the meshes are too long. The true markings are given
in the last plates. This species which is manifestly a close con-
gener to and the representative of A. acuminatum on the Coast,
has very similarly pitted coat, but the outer membrane has the
rectangular meshes given in the plate as those of A. lacunosum.
Mrs. Brandegee found this species growing at ‘Sehachapi, so it is
not. an insular onion exclusively. The true A..acuminatum oc-
curs in the Sierras,

A. bisceptrum has a closer relationship to several species in
the Sierras than is usually supposed and is not always easily
separable from them. ‘The writer himself has confused two of
these species. It blooms at least two weeks later than A. Aus-
tinge and is a robust plant with succulent leaves which are broad
and long. A.campanulatum is probably a similar but still more
robust plant with larger flowers.

A. campanulatum Wats. Plants found by Congdon in the
Sierras correspond perfectly with the description as given on
page 15 No. 24. This is a robust plant 14-2° high, with the
delicate sepals of the unifolium-attenuifolium groups, and with
large flowers. The markings of the bulb coats place it with A.
bisceptrum. :

A. Austinae n.sp. ‘This is what the writer has hitherto ta-
ken for the true A. campanulatum and is fully described on page
26 No. 52. The flowers are rotate. The crestsare quite vari-
able but very prominent. They cover the entire tip of the
Ovary and spread out from it like a rotate corolla the whole being
over one-half wider than the ovary. ‘They are often dark-purple
and spread the filaments widely. The species abounds by millions
at Summit and Castle Peak (Mt. Stanford) in the Sierras on
gravelly ridges along with A. obtusum.

A. stenanthum Drew is A. serratum.

86 Contributions to Western Botany.

A. Hickmanni Eastwood ined is a low form of A. peninsu-
lare. Have seen the type.

A. crispum Greene is A. serratum. Have seen the type.

A. Inyonis n. sp. A. decipiens Jones page 16. Not A.
decipiens Fisher Regl. Mon. 245.

A. obtusum Lemmon occurs abundantly on the slopes of
Casile Peak (Mt. Stanford) along with A. Austings. Like the
Utah A. Diehlii this species has the ovary covered by thick, tri-
angular, rather large, 2-lobed crests, set close around the style.
These run down the ovary from one-third to its whole length.
The leaves are 2-3’ wide, lunate in cross-section, not falcate,
when dry are very thin. It propagates by fission. It is much
like A. tribracteatum. The specimens of Lemmon’s type dis-
tributed haye but one leaf. It seems to occur on the b inks of
ths Columbia also (Howell). Itis the same as A. concinnum
K. Brandegee ined.

A. tribracteatum Torr. It is quite possible that this species
is the sama as A. obtusum Lemmon and that Watson took his
bulb coat markiags from the Utah species, A Diehlii, which he
erroneously referred to it, for he certainly was in great doubt as
to what his species was since he referred A. parvum to it also.
In addition A. tribracteatum was collected in the region near
Summit, Cal. where A. obtusum abounds, but the A. tribractea-
tum -of Watson never seems to have been collected by anybody
there or anywhere else, if his published markings belong to Tor-
rey’s type.

A. Diehlii n. sp. A. tribracteatum var. Diehlii page 18 No.
34. This is too widely separated from A. tribracteatum to be
placed under it as a variety. In addition th»re is great un-
certainty as to what the species is.

A. Palmeri has been collected by Brandegee in the Sierras
at Kernville.

Abronia alpina Brandegee. Aiter seeing the type the writer
has no hesitancy in considering it distinct.

Contributions to Western Botany. 387

Astragalus serotinus Gray has been carefully studied in the
field by the writer this season, with the result that he now re-
gards it as not a form of A. decumbens. (See page 58).

A. curtiflorus (Rydb.) page 64 should have been printed as
A. minor var. curtiflorus (Rydb.)

A, Pasqualensis n.sp. “Santiago Pasqualo, Durango, Mex.
Palmer, No. 398, April to May, 1896. Perennial from a rather
shrubby base. Ascending stems slender and flexuous, angled,
branched, about a foot high, with short internodes 4-1’ long;
leaves about 2’ long and proper petiole about 4’ long; leaflets 3-4
pairs, rather distant, alternate, 1’ long, loug-petiolulate, barely
acute at the Davee tip, linear-oblanceolate, 2” wide, about 3”
apart, the pairs 4’ apart, white-pubescent with very closely ap-
pressed hairs fixed by the middle; stems less pubescent than the
leaves, but plant pubescent throughout except the petals; stipules
very small, adnate, not connate; proper peduncles about 1’ long
and with a well developed rachis 2’ long; flowers purple appar-
ently, ascending, reflexed in fruit, short-spicate, nearly sessile,
about 4” long; triangular-subulate bracts about 1” long; calyx
tube short-campanulate, 17’ long, teeth subulate and as Jong as
tube; banner broad and short, about as long as the wings and
keel; wings probably broad and enlarged; keel large, acute, the
tip ascending about 45°; pods linear, very acute, straight, 2-celled,
_ about 1’ long and J” wide; fruiting pedicels stout, 1” long. This
is evidently a close congener to A. Arizonicus.

A. pectinatus var. platyphyllus. (See fig.) Pods very thick
and with yery prominent and raised sutures when dry; leaflets
broad. Collected by Prof. A. Nelson in Wyoming.

A. agrestis var. bracteatus ppueeene® A. Hypoglottis var.
bracteatus Osterhout Bull. Torr. Club 26 2
A. Nevinii var. Traskse (Eastwood). A. Traskee Eastwood
Proce. Cal. Acad. 3 102 fig.
Webberi var. cibarius (Sheldon). A. cibarius Sheldon
Bull. hans Bot. Stud. 9 149. >

INDEX. EFO.PLAT Hs.

The onion plates are grouped in pages of eight plates each.
and each plate is numbered to correspond with the number of
the species in the text. No. 52 should be changed to A. Aus-
tinge. A. decipiens should be A. Inyonis.

Among the Astragali, ete., the plates are numbered consec-
utively.

PLALE Tf.
Astragalus simplicifolius and the vars. caespitosus and spatulatus.

eutrophyta and the vars. Coloradoensis, rotundus, and im-
pensus.

A. sericoleucus and the vars. aretioides and tridactylicus.
A. humistratus and the vars Sonoree, tenerrimus and Hosackie.
A. flexuosus and the vars. Fendleri and elongatus.
A. diversifolius. :
A. Ibapensis. |
PLATE f1.
A. diversifolius var. roborum.
A. serotinus.
A. decumbens and the form called tenuifolius.
A. lancearius and its synonym A. Episcopus.
A. Kaibensis.
A. Alvordensis.
A. Antiselli and the var. phoxnus,
A. Mulfordze.

PLATE III.
. tegetarioides.
minor and the var. curtiflurus.
Pattersoni and the var. pralongus.

PPP

Contributions to Western Botany. 89
PEAT IV,

A. pectinatus and the var. platyphyllus.
A. Panguicensis.
A. Shortianus and the vars. minor and cyaneus.
A. inflexus.
PLATE ¥.

A. inflexus var. glareosus.
A. Purshii and the vars. tinctus, leucolobus and longilobus.

PLATE VI.
A. Purshii var. lectulus.
A. Newberryi and the vars. castoreus and Watsonianus.
A. diphacus and the var. peonis.
A. agrestis.
PLATE. VIE
A. agrestis vars. bracteatus and polyspermus.
A. leucopsis and the vars. asymmetricus and brachypus.
PLATE VIII.
A. lencopsis vars. fastidius and curtipes.
_ A. Hornii and the var, Bahzensis.
A. angustus, the form foliolosus and the vars. imperfectus and
. ceramicus.
A. lentiginosus var. [driensis.
A. lotiflorus var. Reverchoni.

PLATE IX.

A. Douglasii vars. glaberrimus and piscinus.
A. Pomonensis.
PLATE 4.

A. Douglasii and the vars. Parishii and Tejonensis.
PLATE 4X1.

A. Crotalarize and the vars. Menziesii, anemophilus and Mag-
dalenz.

90 Contributions to Western Botany.

PLATE XII.

The form Miguelensis.

. Gibbsii and the var. curvicarpus.
speirocarpus.

bicristatus and the var. tetrapteroides.
. Orcuttianus var. Gregorianus.

>> > b>

PLATE XII.
vallaris.
. scaphoides.
arrectus and the vars. Leibergi and Palousensis and the
form atropubescens.
. Bolanderi.
. eremiticus.

PPP

> bP

PLATE XIV.
. arrectus var.
. reventus and the var. conjuncius.
A. eremiticus var. Spencianus,
The form Malheurensis.

> >

PLATE AY.

A. Francisquitensis and the var. Lagunensis.
A. atratus and the var. phyllophorus,
A. argophyllus and the ae with Utahensis and the var. eas-
tanzeformis, : ye
PLATE XVI. é
Beerhavia intermedia.
B. ramulosa.

WA i iH
ol ce ie :
Mh i i id
PN 1 a Es v
| aif Ha ok ae ine ee

yUs
oe
i

:

\
it
-
i
MM

iN)
‘
y)
att
ik

\
i
i

}
!

aa
lh
A

\
‘\
K

w\
tel

}
HAY

i
f
it ee

ES a P

Me AOD 8

(ly

Seg hh PS hf RUNES KY
PP HINA A HE )
had 1 y Wt OATH LNW
Pan L He HTH VAY VIY y
os A. pleiasthum Lh he Saree ON |

16. Var Brucac

f

ey

\

4 A. Plummera

4

SS A, obtusum

ter J
Vi

RRC Re fee a oes wee eg

ga

38 A. ebtusum

Fa pena

2

Yeu Mey or
Ue EA po
a Au tN
| sel
a
1H
a v
1

4 A. faleifolinm

HV

fo \

\
ia
22 A. obtusum

i

38 A, ebtusum

Near Base
: =

38 A. obtusum

(?
§! Bales

esemelss
Bee
PETS
asec?
ip
4 8
.)

OP Me
me
SEBEe
,
Pt 4
54

0

‘

ACO T YT)
CEPT Pe
(ees

ow eg
TN

of87

oe , aprued.
ee SOR a

oy
eta

A

a ae
wy
IT
Ae Deets ae

Oliy a y (]
HEH

aR Se St ae +
19." A. SGADOSU mM, .

a}

“After Watson. £°30"D’

i
ir

Hi vy

i We
i ne

20. ae stellatam
i

Aa fe

A

He a Mi

eS

reo SS
a ws bed !
25. A. Parryi

gle

97 -A, alrorubens

Hf
Hh
Mi

29 % orc

l PRA
HBA ei

1 4
= eee

AN OMe yy
RNS ‘| a HY) | At
NN th sual

r) Senet ven
Seiaceccmaranerhiceassiien
ETT ONO Td
Weraitteg anes NLR
grad wes a andeteans
Syeat a BUN wy

CORI

eae,

OX)
ot
My

——
=

allt

»& ie

A. Nevii

After Watson x 30 D

33 A. tribracteatum
4 ee
oases
AO ea
SO

TA
YX}
MY I
aese?
WD

a

ora S
Read
ee
a

)
,
UY IN)
4 NY

3 Nea: Base.

SSS ere
perm aoe ee 4
— —_—_— =
See

Nutth nnd ih) \)

Nii
| US Cte Hat

35. Neat Base

4 AS ~~

N NS
San

y.\

eARe:

‘i

ee

a "8

BGA pe

an g 5

aN 2) .<

is 8

? gee WW 7} 6

x WS ay / =
UTI &
Ne ~ 4 o# $ nas { q be
J } pe
1 o

: i

| 3

é z

i vy

ve

NR
-

i

y

a

‘
After Watson x 30D

WTR
ly i}

br at HY :
NINA Y a
i
PH)

Cu

4s 41 Quter Membrane, %

ea ee
Lh tet As i gies)
ee © c

After Watian x jo D.

Outer Meisbrane

A. usifollum

WM

=

2

é

fe

ad -
\
wy,

Td §

wane oe

e b De

sé

ae

xe

3 A.

434A
Outer

Gi

Meg)
AC L

| 7p
ONG

CNRS

42

Ti hy ele pe
D

IS
TN (LAN
GaN
\ =~ \
Neca
44

A. Bolanderi

I (as GP
DONG A. .
|
J i \ aI :
: sy)
SH A

OSES

SAS

i

RAY

ie OH) y
AVA) ) Ni

2)

ey
We Ss ao
. NWS
(ec eS it ae Ja
on Bs
a uter Membrane. «49. A; Nevadehse
KWON; PRR
HSS A
ly »» e 2
iS
soos

HI
ae

a
<

farce

al
ae
may

Ay
Nas
T

her

WT nee
ins

een

L AAA
LY)
WX

Sees
oS AAS

38 A, obtusam
Outer Membrane

wit

4% A, lacunosum

24 A.campanulatum 24 Outer Membrane

een ~Oisete
Favissieies
SLE EEE

ry

aX

e
ts
&

&
aRae

Ny me
ihan
Re
#0.

ma
:
by

os
v

ee
Be? 8 oe
49 A. Acuposum
Outer Membrane

A

\
“4

53 A Sanbornii
Outer Memorane

49 No lucunesu

43 A. Bolander}

nT RT
Be ae |
ae

|
{

elt
i
LM) |

Mi

DUO EN acuminatum

49. A. tacunosum

yea te
e
Pil
—
‘
"s
pee

‘ ome

A
wy) Pa

Y

i C4

auice

<2) >

ager

Vi

eos
Bais 008:
/ hates
“6
o6

EZ
B,
ae
weareren
BS
s
A)

ea
7 tA

es See
et

Siz.
paeeet
oe
S75
gs
U ”
h

rN

i
i

4
8S
-
rt
2
1at@
te o
orf
&

q

SDANNP

SAG

as:
OTs

<2
adews
ssaeeen
CL)

e

()

ve

ry

FE aNZOT.

>
“4
rhdy Ze

ee

a

oy

zy

a Of ¢,
) ‘esi

A

‘=

>

rr

- 2 EJ
2 WD

3

ae

a

ae:

eh
pote}

u

patsed
Ran

°
\F

wee apatters)
AHL

rat cr

“62 A. Camoanulatum 52

Eco eae ee

ae
ol
=
3
a.
= ;
2S A

Srl a

oy q SUS ¢ aa {

ote

rae Ge. A 2! An
iF ees
4 RP ors

yaa?
i

PRY A PG ae.
5 hac i Re

——

i

4

re F ;

«age
Sang N
B ~

C2
0)

eed
(ZE=
Liss

\
\
w

Ra Fy ‘
HAY) Bt

NX V3

N k SERS
‘ ‘

| \

ONE
: \ ed (te

SS

Ss

—
®,
4

‘2

5
ro
on

wa

ee

@,

we iy
ave.
Ce,

Ot

v)

i
i
Y

i
\
Wi

ly
MY
eo

i} — es
- was —

ee
ee

ges,
eee

i

LOA

AK Ny Sry
SS Sas

7 eres
DATA ECOTRCIR EAH Ge

= _ ey er aS
69 Var. deserticola 60 Outer Membranc.. A. picianthum Var pafticolor_ A. Cusickji bie ‘ee
Outer Mertgrans. be

A. KRentraphyta ~

* (3

PLATE 7 A. Rentrophyta var. A. Bee pte PRFLR SATE 1 Vcve Dhan ppennenes
‘

‘

* Colerndocnais ' eet amet

Wee Ll
yp YL We | @ al
i, (Oe | = ne

A. shinplicitotius var,
spatulaties

dry x2
A. ssmplicitolius —.

!
’
‘
1
t
1
'
'
'
1
'
'
‘
'
'
4
1
'
!
'
1
’
1

'
- 2 ' as
A, sericoleoouns var , A. sericalencus var. ' dry ie
aretiolder —_ i ridaetylic# ‘ f ; se
~y- nang Sm A. humistratus var, A. borotabratus var, ¥ 2 :
/ Sonora tenerrimus a=
2
| |
>

¥ /

A. Hexuomus

Ay Sex aarranee
Fredien

8 Paugoweosss

SN ertdnue ay wor

shertianus var,
eyonens

4” peetinatuy var
ee phatewh yttue

i SAU
5 G \
wit yey \
ie seh
iy » }
/ sp set hog shell
hiphilgises pe
CSP ELE tip
Ss Za

wat
iy
;
'

ty}

Hs has bt
fresh x 2

aes “
‘ .
oe 4 y
oe as, i
*. +s ‘
A. Purshii Ws ‘a '
WS ‘ re
SS
if wn \ ' {
ay . '
AAS {
ff (
PRO \N 4
H
{
eS ty | -
b: > ry Me
‘e ’ VPN GP,
* WL AGM.
’ AY
: WV 4G
: Ly ite
: ff ti Je:
‘ 4
os gS
' WF
4
: NY j
‘
‘ |
(
‘

a

A. Vorshil var,
foteetobus

ae

iS) SED |

A be
gry xe

\ A, Newberry!
SRE, CARCOP OTS

i eee cam mete eaieein om te ee

ee

ay
=

<
Ss

A. Parshit war.

4

Ayia
Dy

Sec:

} ‘
Mtn \

}

}

|

t

|

A. Newbrery} rity
‘ a Wat-oulonas |
: : errno
; -s ‘ | ASTHAG ARO® 4 igs
Ee ceemertnteess ee ~ eee ene?

pe, Sle ite es : a

&. ben 6
Cot ldtuany, var,

XY Mornin vars
_.. Buhwensive

5 socom ver.

"

- ang Uti Vir
Harpe rteet ans

» lotifierns var,
Keverchon:

Cp
[ ANPHAGLIES |

te

Tejonen

A. Dougtasti

A. Dontasil var.
Vartshii

ASTEAGALES
pda wrapicone: :

Dowghelt

1S

wbaTe Fer

| he Meristatie

ee ha eR
eT cca emneeeannmns etna Tet a

—

eum at Te eee

: ’
dry x2 x

= ee i oe.

A Dleriswe
votraper

— ———

A. spe breeay pate

?
‘ A. Orewrtinsitis ver 5
; teres rane

So ke ee ee ee a

ly De
NOH

———

A artectue var.
Leberis

i}
1

heassseae ess co nat nee

BR. Gn howe

PLATE 13

‘ A. atratus var
Se
e eae phyNopherus
| os ao Wi
A. wtratus Riise
5S coer

Pi wat
teeta

4

~
are

a~ S

es

en

Ry

aed

‘, J
zs

Ae ih

"ft
4 4%,

Bie

,

Sf ceo
®
horn yew \
s ae

A. argophylius

‘

‘

Pi A. argophylius
A (ewes ene

i! , Mt teense

Lele,
,
dry x2 ins
ape
sa ert

\. arrepiy ties vor
4S UU ober

et te

vryx 8 +

1

aan :

A. argophytlus ASTHAGALUS 1 ;

en ee

|

@ #AMYLOSA Vonte w

owes

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