HARVARD UNIVERSITY.

LIBRARY
OF THE
MUSEUM OF COMPARATIVE ZOOLOGY
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EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

PLATE 1.

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PLATE 1,

Map of a part of South America, showing the routes Spix and Martius (1817-1820), of Castelnau
(1844-1847), Natterer (1817-1835), Schomburgk (1840-1847), the Thayer Expedition (1865-1866),
and the common route along the Amazon.

4

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PLATE 2.

PLATE 2.
Fig. 1. Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier.
20718 M.C.Z. lLengthofhead17.5mm. Villa Bella, Brazil.

Fig. 2. Deuterodon iguape Higenmann.
9265 I. U. M. Type. 110 mm. Iguapé, Southeastern Brazil.

Fig. 3. Hemibrycon guppii Regan.
11326 1.U.M. Trinidad.

Fig. 4. Hollandichtys multifasciatus Higenmann & Norris.
9288 1.U.M. Type. 70mm. Cubatéo, Southeastern Brazil.

Fig. 5. Creatochanes affinis (Giinther).
21076 M.C. Z. Head 24mm. Porto do Moz, Brazil.

Fig. 6. Astyanacinus moorii Fowler.
A.N.S.P. Cotype. 102mm. Chapala Plateau, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL

COCKAYNE, BOSTON

CHARACIDAE PLATE 2

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PLATE 3.

PLATE 3.

Fig. 1. Entomolepsis steindachneri Higenmann,
20967 M.C. Z. 86mm. Iquitos, Peru.

Fig. 2. Scale from near the anal.

Fig. 3. Last scale above the lateral line in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4. Henochilus wheatlandi Garman.

21109 M.C. Z. 415mm. Type.

Fig. 5. Thayeria obliqua Eigenmann.
M.C. Z. Type. Obidos, Brazil.

Southeastern Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 8

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

PLATE 4,

PLATE 4.

Fig. 1. Tetragonopterus chalceus Agassiz.
11852 1.U.M. 68.5mm. Wismar, British Guiana.

Fig. 2. Tetragonopterus argenteus Cuvier.
20718 M.C.Z. 76mm. Villa Bella, Brazil.

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MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 6.

PLATE 65.

Fig. 1. Moenkhausia jamesi Eigenmann.
20742 M.C. Z. 72mm. Type. Amazon.

Fig. 2. Moenkhausia latissima Eigenmann.
20767 M.C.Z. 71.5mm. Type. Tabatinga, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Entomolepis steindachneri (Higenmann).
20967 M.C. Z. 86mm. Iquitos, Peru.

COMP. ZOOL

COCKAYNE, BOSTON

CHARACIDAE

if
|
4
|

PLATE 6.

PLATE 6.
Fig. 1. Moenkhausia melogramma Eigenmann.
20825 M.C. Z. About 47 mm. (caudal broken). Type. Tabatinga, Brazil.

Fig. 2. Moenkhausia comma Eigenmann.
20972 part, M.C. Z. About 85 mm. (caudal broken). Type. Cudajas, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Giinther).
118421.U.M. 78.5m. Crab Falls, British Guiana.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 6

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 7.

PLATE 7.
Fig. 1. Moenkhausia barbouri Eigenmann.
20108 M.C.Z. 65mm. Type. Villa Bella, Brazil.

Fig. 2. Moenkhausia megalops Higenmann.
20723 M.C.Z. 56mm. (caudal broken). Gurupa, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Moenkhausia ovalis (Giinther). From Type in British Museum.

Fig. 4. Moenkhausis oligolepis (Giinther).
118351.U.M. 58mm. Holmia, British Guiana.

Xeberos, Brazil.

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HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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PLATE 8.

PLATE 8.
Fig. 1. Moenkhausia colletti (Steindachner).
11809 I. U. M. 66mm. Tumatumari, British Guiana.

Fig. 2. Moenkhausia lepidura lepidura (Kner).
20788 M.C.Z. 80mm. Santarem, Brazil.

Fig. 83. Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner).
118621I.U.M. 63mm. Konawaruk, British Guiana.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

COCKAYNE, BOSTON

CHARACIDAE PLATE 8

PLATE 9.

PLATE 9.

Fig. 1. Moenkhausia cotinho Eigenmann.

11819 I. U. M. 55.5. Crab Falls, British Guiana.
Fig. 2. Moenkhausia ceros Higenmann.

20955 M.C.Z. 50mm. (caudal broken). Type. Lake Hyanuary, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner).

118201.U.M. 55mm. Rockstone, British Guiana.

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 9
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KAYNE, BOSTON

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MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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PLATE 10.

PLATE 10.

Fig. 1. Knodus chapadae (Fowler).
21829 A.N.S.P. Paratype 44 mm. Chapada, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Knodus breviceps (Higenmann).
20692 M. C. Z. 84mm. Cotype. Goyaz, Brazil.
Fig. 8. Knodus moenkhausii (Higenmann & Kennedy).
20760 M.C.Z. 41mm. Tabatinga, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Knodus heteresthes (Higenmann).
20862 M.C. Z. 51mm. Cotype. Tapajos, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 10

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 11.

PLATE 11.

Fig. 1. Gymnocorymbus ternetzi (Boulenger).

11435 I. U. M. 39 mm. to base of caudal. Cotype. Descalvados, Paraguay.
Fig. 2. Gymnocorymbus thayeri Higenmann.

19242M.C.Z. 40mm. Type. Amazon,

COMP. ZOOL. » ‘CHARACIDAE PLATE 11

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

PLATE 12.

PLATE 12.

(Mem. Carnegie Mus., 5, Plate 47.)

Fig. 1. Moenkhausia shideleri Eigenmann.
1012 C. M. 65 mm. Type. Bartica, British Guiana.

Fig. 2. Moenkhausia browni Higenmann.
1004 C.M. 66mm. Type. Aruataima Falls, British Guiana.

Fig. 3. Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Miller and Troschel).
1350 C. M. 100 mm. Crab Falls, British Guiana.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 12

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 13.

PLATE 18.

Fig. 1. Pristella aubynei Higenmann. (Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 45, fig. 4).
1042 GC. M. 50mm. Type. Lama Stop-Off, British Guiana.
Fig. 2. Pristella riddlei (Meek). (Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 45, fig. 3). i
1309 GC. M. 44.5 mm. Botanic Garden, Georgetown, British Guiana. ;
Fig. 3-5. Markiana nigripinnis (Perugia).
La Plata Basin.

(Steindachner, Sitzungsb. K. akad. wiss., 100, Plate 3).

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 13

te PEN

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 14.

PLATE 14.

Fig. 1. Moenkhausia doceana (Steindachner).
20909 M. C. Z. 102 mm. Rio Doce, Brazil. (The scales are mostly lost from the caudal
and are not indicated by the artist).

Fig. 2. Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner).
3722 C.M. 48mm. Penedo, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Moenkhausia bondi (Fowler). (Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 46, fig. 1).
2207 C. M. 51mm. Type of M. profunda Kigenmann. Issorora Rubber Plantation, British
Guiana.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 14

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO.,; BOSTON.

PLATE 16.

PLATE 16.

Fig. 1. Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner).
3699 C.M. 90mm. Puerto Suarez, Bolivia.

Fig. 2. Moenkhausia intermedia Kigenmann.

3702 C. M. 60mm. Salto de Avanhandava, Southeastern Brazil.

Fig. 3. Moenkhausia lepidura hasemani Eigenmann.
3746 C. M. 58mm. Type. Santarem, Brazil.

Fig. 4. Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner).
38742 C.M. 55mm. Maciél, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 15

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

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PLATE 16.
Fig. 1. Moenkhausia sanctae filomenae (Steindachner).
3312 C.M. 45mm. Caceres, Brazil.

Fig.2. Moenkhausia sanctae filomenae (Steindachner).
3311 C.M. 50mm. Caceres, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Knodus victoriae (Steindachner).
3751 C. M. 53 mm. Lagoa Paranagua, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 16

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

COMP. “ZOOL,

MEM. MUS.

PLATE 17.

Sa

ee

PLATE 17.

Fig. 1. Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger).

3050 C.M. 44mm. Jauru, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Hemigrammus coeruleus Durbin.

20801 M. C. Z. 40mm. Type. Manacapura, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Hemigrammus elegans (Steindachner).

20869 M.C. Z. 35mm. Tapajos, Brazil.

COME. ZOOL:

CHARACIDAE PLATE 17

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 18

PLATE 18.

Fig. 1. Hemigrammus nanus (Liitken).
44958 U.S.N.M. Cotype. 47mm. Lagoa Santa, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Hemigrammus levis Durbin.
20738 M.C. Z. 47mm. Type. Amazon.
Fig. 3. Hemigrammus micropterus Meek.
10802 I. U. M. 386mm. Cotype. Los Castillas, Venezuela.
Fig. 4. Hemigrammus hyanuary Durbin.
20955 M. C. Z. 37.5 mm. (To middle caudal rays). Cotype. Hyanuary, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 18

HEMIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 19.

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|
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PLATE 19.

Fig. 1. Hemigrammus matei Higenmann.

11438 I.U.M. 43mm. Type. Argentina.
Fig. 2. Hemigrammus tridens Higenmann.

11262 I. U. M. 20 mm. (exclusive of caudal). Type.
Fig. 3. Hemigrammus ocellifer (Steindachner).

20774 M.C. Z. 33mm. Tabatinga, Brazil.

Arroyo Pypucu, Paraguay.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 19

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 20.

PLATE 20.

Fig. 1. Hemigrammus marginatus Ellis. (Ann. Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 3).

3053 C.M. 38mm. Type. Queimadas, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner).

——M.C.Z. 22mm. to end of middle caudal rays. Manaos, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Hemigrammus cupreus Durbin.

20952 M.C.Z. 48 mm. Cotype. Jatuarana, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 20

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 21.

PLATE 21,
(Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 48).

Fig. 1. Hemigrammus orthus Durbin.

1477 C.M. 28 mm. Type. Tukeit, British Guiana.
Fig. 2. Hemigrammus ocellifer (Steindachner).

1455 C.M. 40 mm. Gluck Island, British Guiana.
Fig. 3. Hemigrammus rodwayi Durbin.

1450 C.M. 46mm. Type. Georgetown, British Guiana.
Fig. 4. Hemigrammus erythrozonus Durbin.

1448 C. M. 32mm. Type. Erukin, British Guiana.
Fig. 5. Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill).

1446 C. M. 41 mm. Wismar, British Guiana.

MEM. MUS.

COMP.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

CHARACIDAE PLATE 21

PLATE 22,

Fig.

PLATE 22.
(Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 49).

1. Hyphessobrycon stictus Durbin.
1197 C.M. 38 mm. Type. Lama Stop-Off, British Guiana.

. 2. Hemigrammus analis Durbin.

1466 C.M. 85mm. Type. Rockstone, British Guiana.

g. 3. Hyphessobrycon minor Durbin.

1189 C.M. 19 mm. Type. Konawaruk, British Guiana.

.4. Hyphessobrycon gracilis (Reinhardt).

1247 C.M. 24mm. Gluck Island, British Guiana.

. 5. Hemigrammus cylindricus Durbin.

1461 C.M. 57mm. Type. Tumatumari, British Guiana.

.6. Hyphessobrycon minimus Durbin.

1193 C.M. 18mm. Type. Cane Grove Corner, British Guiana.

. 7. Hemigrammus iota Durbin.

1458 C. M. 18mm. Type. Gluck Island, British Guiana,

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 22

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 23.

PLATE 23.
(Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 50).

Fig. 1. Creatochanes caudomaculatus (Giinther).
1385 C. M. 100mm. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 2. Creatochanes melanurus (Bloch).
1393 C. M. 96mm. Malali, British Guiana.
Fig. 3. Creatochanes affinis (Giinther).
1407C.M. 96mm. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 4. Hyphessobrycon eos Durbin.
1194 C. M. 36mm. Type. Creek near Potaro Landing, British Guiana.
Fig. 5. Hyphessobrycon rosaceus Durbin.
1190C.M. 35mm. Type. Gluck Island, British Guiana.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 23

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 24.

PLATE 24,

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek).

10929 I. U. M. 44 mm. Perez, Mexico.
Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon milleri Durbin.

112551.U.M. 40mm. Type. Los Amates, Guatemala.
Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon callistus (Boulenger).

100391I.U.M. 33mm. Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 24

HELIOTYPE C®., BOSTON

PLATE 265.

PLATE 265.

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin.

20985 M. C. Z. 26mm. Type. Serpa, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Hypessobrycon copelandi Durbin.

20771 M. C. Z. 35.5mm. Cotype. Tabatinga, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin.

20842 M.C. Z. 38mm. Cotype. Obidos, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 25

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 26,

PLATE 26.

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin.
20688 M.C.Z. 381mm. Type. Panama.
Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon gracilis (Reinhardt).
21008 M. C. Z. 30mm. Brazil.
»brycon riddlei (Meek).
fuseum. 38 mm. Type. Los Castillas, Venezuela.

.C.%. 38mm. Type. Lago do Maximo, Brazil.

ZOOL,

CHARACIDAE PLATE 26

COMP.

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 27.

PLATE 27.

Fig. 1, 2. Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Higenmann & Ogle).
34591 U.S.N.M. Type, Paratype. Para?, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon santae (Higenmann).
3034 C. M. 58mm. Mogy das Cruzes, Southeastern Brazil.

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GOMP. ZOOL,

CHARACIDAE PLATE 27

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

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I

PLATE 28.

PLATE 28.

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Higenmann).

3016 C. M. 42mm. Miguel Calmon, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon liitkeni (Boulenger).

4890 I1.U. M. 65mm. Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Fig. 83. Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Ulrey).

3004 C.M. 30mm. Braganga, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 28

HELIOTYPE ©O«, BOSTON

PLATE 29,

PLATE 29.

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon parvellus Ellis. (Ann. Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 2).
2932 C.M. 29mm. Paratype. Queimadas, Brazil.

Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon reticulatus Ellis. (Ann. Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 2).
3018 C. M. 48 mm. Type. Campos, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon taurocephalus Ellis. (Ann. Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 1).
3007 C.M. 55mm. Type. Serrinha Parana, Southeastern Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 29

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

a

PLATE 30.

PLATE 30.

(Annals Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 1, 2).

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon duragenys Ellis.

3023 C.M. 68mm. Type. Mogy das Cruzes, Brazil.
Figs. 2and8. Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus Ellis.

3026C.M. 44mm.,37mm. cand 9. Types. Campos, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus Ellis.

3035 C.M. 34mm. Type. Alto da Serra, Southeastern Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 30

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

CONE ZOO,

MEM. MUS.

PLATE 31.

PLATE 31.

(Annals Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 1).

. 1. Hasemania maxillaris Ellis.
2937 C.M. 29mm. Type.
. 2. Hasemania melanura Ellis.
3002 C.M. 35mm. Ty/f.
. 3. Hasemania bilineata Ellis.
3004 C.M. 41mm. Type. Alto da Serra, Southeastern Brazil.

Porto Uniao, Southeastern Brazil.

Porto Uniao, Southeastern Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 31

COMP. ZOOL.
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

MUS.

MEM.

PLATE 32,

PLATE 32.

)

Fig. 1. Psellogrammus kennedyi (Higenmann).

3223 C.M. 46mm. Caceres, Brazil.

The lateral line is erroneously shown as complete.
Fig. 2. Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope).

20752 M.C.Z. 95mm. Tabatinga, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Astyanax alleni (Higenmann & McAtee).

10158 1.U.M. 104mm. Corumba, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 32

MUS. COMP. ZOOL.
HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

MEM.

PLATE 33.

PLATE 33.

Fig. 1. Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Higenmann & Ogle).
5095 C.M. 62mm. Quibdo, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Higenmann & Ogle).
5094 C.M. 74mm. Type of H. proteus. Quibdo, Colombia.
Fig. 3. Astyanax daguae Higenmann.
5052 C.M. 58mm. Type. Cordova, Colombia.
Fig. 4. Hyphessobrycon panamensis Durbin.
12849 I. U.M. Boca de Raspadura, Colombia.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 33

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

PLATE 34,

PLATE 34.

Fig. 1. Creagrutus brevipinnis Higenmann.
4887a C.M. 61mm. Type. Piedra Moler, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Creagrutus melanzonus Higenmann.

1067 C.M. 44mm. Type. Crab Falls, British Guiana.

Fig. 3. Creagrutus affinis Steindachner.

5439 C.M. 61mm. Atrato Basin, Colombia.
Fig. 4. Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann.

4880 C.M. 78mm. Type. Girardot, Colombia.
Fig. 5. Creagrutus caucanus Higenmann.

4895 C.M. 113mm. Type. Paila, Colombia.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 34

|
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON j is |
i

PLATE 35,

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

PLATE 35.

1. Bryconamericus hyphessus Eigenmann.

1070 C.M. 37.5mm. Type. Tumatumari, British Guiana.

2. Microgenys minutus Higenmann.

5007 C.M. 45mm. Type. Piedra Moler, Colombia.

3. Piabina argentea Reinhardt.
23206 C. M. Rio Ziriga.
3a. Piabina argentea Reinhardt.
Premaxillary teeth from below.

4, Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner).

Premaxillary teeth from below.

5. Creagrutus peruanus (Steindachner).

13759 I. U. M. Rio Comberciato.
6. Creagrutus miilleri (Giinther).
British Museum. Type. Ecuador.
7. Creagrutus miilleri (Ginther).
Premaxillary teeth from below.

ee

COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 35

MUS.

MEM.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 36.

PLATE 36.

Fig. 1. Argopleura magdalenensis (Higenmann).
5063 C.M. 7imm. Type. Girardot, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Argopleura conventa (Higenmann).

5060 C.M. 47mm. (about). Type. Soplaviento, Colombia.

Fig. 3. Argopleura diquensis (Eigenmann).

5072 C.M. 60mm. Type. Soplaviento, Colombia.
Fig. 4. Argopleura chocoensis (Eigenmann).

5036 C.M. 61mm. Cotype. Istmina, Colombia.
Fig. 5. Argopleura chocoensis (Higenmann).

5036 C.M. 67mm. Cotype. Istmina, Colombia.

COMP: “ZOOL,

CHARACIDAE PLATE 36

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 87.

PLATE 387.

Fig. 1. Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann.
115191.U.M. 495mm. Type. Piracicaba, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Bryconamericus boops Eigenmann.
20700 M.C. Z. 76mm. (about). Type. Maldonado, Uruguay.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus emperador (Higenmann & Ogle). :
55651 U.S.N.M. 52mm. Type. Empire Station, Panama. o
Fig. 4. Bryconamericus peruanus (Miiller & Troschel).
20871 M.C.Z. 44mm. Near Trujillo, Peru.
Fig. 5. Bryconamericus ricae Higenmann.
6267 F. M. Cotype. Chitaria, Costa Rica.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 37

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

COMP... ZOOL:

MEM. MUS.

PLATE 38,

PLATE 38.

Fig. 1. Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann.

5031 C.M. 80mm. Type. Piedra Moler, Colombia.

Fig. 2. Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann.

5026 C.M. 90mm. Type. Istmina, Colombia.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus ortholepis Eigenmann.

5088 C.M. 48mm. Type. Raspadura, Colombia.
Fig. 4. Bryconamericus scleroparius (Regan).

——F.M. Rio San Juan, Nicaragua.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 38

COMP. ZOOL.

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 39.

PLATE 39.

Fig. 1. Hemibrycon decurrens (Higenmann).

5055 C.M. 57mm. Type. Soplaviento, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Hemibrycon taeniurus (Gill).

——Brit. Mus. Trinidad.
Fig. 3. Hemibrycon dentatus (Higenmann).

5054 C.M. 98mm. Type. Piedra Moler, Colombia.

Fig. 4. Hemibrycon tolimae (Higenmann).
5057 C.M. 118mm. Type. Ibagué, Colombia.
Fig. 5. Hemibrycon huambonicus (Steindachner).
After Steindachner.
Fig. 6. Hemibrycon guppii (Regan).
11326 1.U.M. Trinidad.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 39

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MEM. MUS.

PLATE 40.

PLATE 40.

Fig. 1. Astyanax bourgeti Higenmann.
Part of 20788 M. C. Z. 92mm. Type. Tabatinga, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Astyanax anterior Higenmann.
Part of 20768 M.C.Z. 91mm. Type. Tabatinga, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Astyanax riveti Pellegrin.
From the Type in the Jardin des Plantes. Rio Pove, Ecuador.
Fig. 4. Astyanax festae (Boulenger).
9587 Mus. Stanford Univ. 63 mm. Mirador, Ecuador.
Fig. 5. Astyanax pellegrini (Higenmann & Kennedy).
10245 I. U. M. 87 mm. to end of middle caudal rays. Paraguay.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 40

COMP. ZOOL.

MEM. MUS,

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PLATE 41.

Fig. 1. Astyanax symmetricus Kigenmann.
Part of 20768 M. C. Z. Type. Tabatinga, Brazil.
Caudal restored.

Fig. 2. Astyanax asymmetricus Eigenmann.
20763 M.C.Z. 45mm. Tabatinga, Brazil.

Fig. 3. Astyanax zonatus Higenmann.

Part of 20768 M.C.Z. 59mm. Type. Tabatinga, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 41

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 42.

PLATE 42.

Fig.1. Astyanax janeiroensis Higenmann.
21057 M.C.Z. 92mm. Type. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Astyanax abramis (Jenyns).
10000 I. U. M. 70 mm. to base of caudal. Asuncion, Paraguay.
Caudal restored.
Fig. 3. Astyanax orthodus Higenmann.
55655 U.S.N.M. 92mm. Type. Truando, Colombia.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 42

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 48.

PLATE 48.

Fig. 1. Astyanax caucanus (Steindachner).
12762 I. U. M. 111mm. Calamar, Colombia.
Fig.2. Astyanax atratoensis Kigenmann.
127561.U.M. 122mm. Quibdo, Colombia.
Fig. 3. Astyanax stilbe (Cope).
34589 U.S. N.M. 78mm. to base of caudal. Para, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 43

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON

3
ca
=
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PLATE 44,

Fig. 1. Astyanax ruberrimus EHigenmann.
4912 C.M. 107mm. Type. Istmina, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Astyanax lineatus (Perugia).
38292 C.M. 100mm. Sapucay, Paraguay.
Fig. 3. Astyanax cordovae (Giinther).
11093 I. U. M. 65 mm. to base of caudal. Rio Primero, Argentina.
Fig. 4. Astyanax rubropictus (Berg).

From a specimen in the British Museum. Cachi Salta, Argentina, 2500 meters.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 44

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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PLATE 46.

PLATE 45.

Fig. 1. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).

12741aI.U.M. 163mm. @. Bocade Raspadura, Colombia.

Fig. 2. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).

12741b1I.U.M. 139mm. Boca de Raspadura, Colombia.
Fig.3. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).

3446 C.M. 126mm. Rio Ribeira, Southeastern Brazil.
Fig.4. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).

After Tetragonopterus cuviert Liitken.
Fig. 5. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).

21048 M. C. Z. 114mm. Rio San Francisco, Brazil.
Fig. 6, @ and 7, 3. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).

After Tetragonopterus rutilus Steindachner. -

CHARACIBAE PLATE 45

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

PLATE 46.

PLATE 46.

Fig. 1. Astyanax scabripinnis rivularis (Liitken).
M.C. Z. 75mm. Santo Sera, Brazil.

Fig. 2 and 3. Astyanax scabripinnis rivularis (Liitken).
After Liitken.

Fig. 4. Astyanax seabripinnis (Jenyns).
21059 M. CG. Z. 116mm. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Fig. 5 and 6. Astyanax scabripinnis (Jenyns).
After Tetragonopterus jenynsii Steindachner.

Fig. 7. Astyanax fasciatus parahybae Higenmann.
20635 M. C. Z. 103 mm. Rio Parahyba, Brazil.

COMP. -ZOOL:

CHARACIDAE PLATE 46

MEM. MUS.

BOSTON

HELIOTYPE CO.

PLATE 47.

a

a

Vig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

&-

PLATE 47.

1. Astyanax giton Higenmann.

20986 M.C.Z. 67mm. Rio Parahyba, Brazil.

2. Astyanax brevirhinus Higenmann.

20905 M. C.Z. 68mm. Type. Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil.
3. Astyanax taeniatus (Jenyns).

21061 M.C. Z. 95mm. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

4. Astyanax tacniatus (Jenyns).

After Astyanax fasciatus Steindachner. Non Cuvier.

5. Astyanax scabripinnis laticeps (Cope).

After Cope,

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO.

BOSTON

CHARACIDAE PLATE 47

i
i
i
i
i

PLATE 48.

PLATE 48.

Fig. 1. Astyanax eigenmanniorum (Cope).

92941.U.M. 945mm. Rio Tieté, Southeastern Brazil.

Vig. 2. Astiyanax eigenmanniorum (Cope).
After Cope.

Fig. 3. Astyanax scabripinnis intermedius Kigenmann.
20684 M.C.Z. 53mm. Rio Parahyba, Brazil.

Fig. 4. Astyanax microlepis Higenmann.
5001 C.M. 86mm. Type. Piedra Moler, Colombia.

——

CHARACIDAE PLATE 48

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 49,

PLATE 49.

Fig. 1. Astyanax albeolus Higenmann.

6241 F. M. 116mm. Rio Machucha, Costa Rica.

Figs. 2 and 3. Composite of Steindachner’s figures of A. fischeri which is fasciatus and the color of
ruberrimus from the same locality. ‘The combination was made when it was thought there was but
one species of Astyanax in the type-locality of fischeri and that Steindachner’s artist had omitted
the color spots on the caudal. Hildebrand has just found that both fasciatus and ruberrimus occur
in the type-locality of fischeri and that the latter is a synonym of fasciatus.

Figs. 4 and 5. Astyanax mexicanus (Filippi).

(4) 109271. U. M. 9. 80mm. Victoria, Mexico.
(5) 10921 1. U. M. #@. 73mm. Yantepec, Mexico.

Fig. 6. Astyanax fasciatus macrophthalmus Regan.

10928 I. U. M. 82mm. Motzorongo, Mexico.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 49

eee

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 650.

PLATE 50.

Fig. 1. Astyanax gracilior Kigenmann.

20716 M.C.Z. 36mm. Type. Villa Bella, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).

After Steindachner.

Fig. 3. Astyanax fasciatus jequitinhonhae (Steindachner).

20901 M. C. Z. 83mm. Rio Jequitinhonha, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Astyanax multidens Higenmann.

20840 M.C.Z. 37mm. Type. Obidos.
Fig. 5. Astyanax paucidens (Ulrey).

20978 M. C. Z. 34mm. Lago Alexo, Brazil.

i 7
i |
| |

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 50

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 61.

PLATE 51.

Fig. 1. Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann.

5162C.M. 60mm. Type. Boquia, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Astyanax Zygogaster filiferus (Higenmann).

12847 1.U.M. 110mm. Type. Apulo, Colombia.
Fig. 3. Genycharax tarpon Higenmann.

4808 C.M. 174mm. Type. Cartago, Colombia.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 51

COMP. ZOOL.

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 62.

PLATE 52.
(Annals Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 7).

Fig. 1. Astyanax guaporensis Higenmann.
3352 C. M.. 33 mm. Paratype. Maciél, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Astyanax marionae Higenmann.
3353 C.M. 54mm. Type. San Luiz de Caceres, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Astyanax bimaculatus novae Higenmann.
3278 C. M. Type. Rio Sapon, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Vesicatrus tegatus Eigenmann.
3201C.M. 33mm. Type. Jaurt, Brazil.

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MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTOM

PLATE 53.

PLATE 53.
(Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 51).

Fig. 1. Astyanax mucronatus Eigenmann.
1025C.M. 53mm. Type. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 2. Astyanax mutator Higenmann.
1023 C.M. 53mm. Type. Savannah Landing, British Guiana.
Fig. 3. Astyanax essequibensis Higenmann.
1018 C.M. 53mm. Type. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 4. Astyanax guianensis Eigenmann.
1018 C.M. 54mm. Type. Warraputa, British Guiana.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 53

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 54.

PLATE 54.
(Mem. Carnegie mus., 5, Plate 52).

Fig. 1. Astyanax potaroensis Higenmann.
1037 C.M. 58mm. Type. Amatuk, British Guiana.
Fig. 2. Astyanax abramoides Higenmann.
1028 C.M. 112mm. Type. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 3. Astyanax polylepis (Ginther).
1419b C.M. 84mm. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 4. Astyanax wappi (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
From a specimen in British Museum.
Fig. 5. Astyanax polylepis (Giinther).
1419C,M, 50mm. Tumatumari, British Guiana.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO.,

CHARACIDAE PLATE 54

eT IM
Ve Boao Kite ;
SOD is te ies
: 1 Aye Ue couauuuut rey
as: gm a AM.

4.

BOSTON

PLATE 565.

PLATE 55.

(Annals Carnegie mus., 8, Plate 8).

Fig. 1. Deuterodon acanthogaster Higenmann.

3395 C.M. 54mm. Type. Corumba, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Astyanax ribeirae Higenmann.

3368 C.M. 65 mm. Type. Xiririca, Southeastern Brazil.
Fig. 3. Astyanax paranahybae Higenmann.

3356C.M. 54mm. Type. Paranahyba, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 55

#e5 5

POMS Sacco,
HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

MEM.

PLATE 56.

PLATE 56.

Fig. 1. Phenacogaster microstictus Eigenmann.

1068 C.M. 48mm. Type. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 2. Phenacogaster megalostictus Higenmann.

1056 C.M. 65mm. Type. Tumatumari, British Guiana.
Fig. 3. Deuterodon pinnatus Eigenmann.

1046 C.M. 62mm. Type. Amatuk, British Guiana.
Fig. 4. Deuterodon potaroensis Eigenmann.

1058 C.M. 43mm. Type. Amatuk, Cataract, British Guiana.

MEM. MUS, COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 56

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HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

Sa

PLATE 657.

PLATE 57.

Fig. land 2. Psalidodon gymnodontus Higenmann.
Fig. 3. Moenkhausia simulata Eigenmann and Pearson.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 57

SRA STS 2 IRCA cg See NO Ol Le ERE

z
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PLATE 58.

PLATE 58.

Fig. 1. Phenacogaster beni Eigenmann.

3229C.M. 48mm. Type. Villa Bella, Rio Beni.
Fig. 2. Phenacogaster franciscoensis Eigenmann.

3231 C.M. 38mm. Type. Boqueiras, Rio Porto.
Fig. 3. Creagrutus beni Eigenmann.

3216 C.M. 53mm. Type. Villa Bella, Rio Beni.
Fig. 4. Hysteronotus megalostomus Eigenmann.

3551C.M. 45mm. Type. Rio das Velhas, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 58

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 59.

PLATE 59.

Fig. 1. Glandulocauda melanopleura Eigenmann.

3557 C. M. 51mm. Type. Rio Iquasst, Brazil.
Fig. 2. Glandulocauda melanogenys Eigenmann.

8553 C.M. 49mm. Type. Alto do Serra.
Fig. 3. Glandulocauda inequalis Eigenmann.

3555 C.M. 40mm. Type. Porto Alegre, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Astyanacinus multidens Pearson.

17323 I. U. M. 122mm. Cotype. Rio Colorado, Lower Bopi, Argentina.

Fig. 5. Piabina beni Pearson.

173171. U. M. 36mm. Cotype. Popoi River, Upper Beni, Argentina.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 59

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO, BOSTON

;
PLATE 60.
:
|

PLATE 60.

Fig. 1. Nematobrycon amphiloxus Eigenmann & Wilson.

San Juan Basin, Colombia.

Fig. 2. Nematobrycon amphiloxus Higenmann & Wilson.

San Juan Basin, Colombia.

Fig. 8. Nematobrycon palmeri EHigenmann.
San Juan Basin, Colombia.

Fig. 4. Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann.
San Juan Basin, Colombia.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 60

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 61.

PLATE 61.

Fig. 1. Poptella longipinnis (Popta).

—I.U.M. Paratype. 50mm. Dutch Guiana.
Fig. 2. Astyanacinus moori (Boulenger).

From a specimen in the Academy nat. sci. Philadelphia.
Fig. 3. Astyanax regani Meck.

6257 F. M. 130mm. Las Carfias, Costa Rica.
Fig. 4. Diapoma speculiferum Cope.

From the Type in the Academy nat. sci. Philadelphia.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 61

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PLATE 62,

ti
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Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

PLATE 62.

1. Astyanax bimaculatus (Linné).

21024 M.C.Z. 141mm. Para, Brazil.

2. Astyanax bimaculatus (Linné).

After Tetragonopterus jacuhiensis Cope.

3. Astyanax bimaculatus lacustris (Liitken).

After Liitken.

4. Astyanax bimaculatus (Linné).

After Steindachner.

5. Astyanax bimaculatus paraguayensis Eigenmann.
10239 I.U.M. 30mm. To show development of the humeral spot.
6. Astyanax bimaculatus (Linné).

11308 I. U. M. 137mm. Trinidad.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 62

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

BOSTON

3
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Fig. 1,
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.

PLATE 63.

Gephyrothorax chocoensis Eigenmann .
Gephyrothorax caucanus Kigenmann 9° ?
Gephyrothorax melanocheir Eigenmann &.

Gephyrothorax atracaudatus Meck & Hildebrand <7.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 63

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 64,

PLATE 64.

Fig. 1. Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Higenmann & Norris).
9288 I.U.M. 70mm. Type. Cubataéo, Southeastern Brazil.
Fig. 2. Scales of the same.
Fig. 3. Pseudochalceus lineatus Kner.
After Kner & Steindachner.
Fig. 4. Mouth of Hollandichthys.
Fig. 5. Mouth of Pseudochalceus.
Fig. 6. Astyanacinus moorii (Boulenger).
\ From a specimen in the Academy nat. sci. Philadelphia.
Fig. 7. Scissor macrocephalus Giinther.
From the Type in British Museum,

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

Ba ty eather me fetes
ong BPR gener p ley Blt

ea pata Gh

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HELIOTYPE CO.,

BOSTON

CHARACIDAE PLATE 64

PLATE 65,

Bigels

PLATE 665.

Astyanax gymnogenys Higenmann.

3250 C.M. 87mm. Type. Porto Unido, Brazil.

Vite 2.

Deuterodon iguape Eigenmann.

92651.U.M. 90mm. Type. Iguapé, Brazil.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 65

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 66.

PLATE 66.

Fig. 1. Henochilus wheatlandi Garman.
21109 M.C.Z. 420mm. Type.

Fig. 2. Fifth left premaxillary tooth.

Fig. 3. One of the inner premaxillary teeth.

Fig. 4. Fifth right dentary tooth.

Fig. 5. Astyanax nicaraguensis Kigenmann & Ogle.
From a specimen in the U.S. N. M.

Fig. 6 and 7. Astyanax nicaraguensis HKigenmann & Ogle.
Maxillaries.

Fig. 8. Deuterodon nasutus (Meek).
116001. U.M. 100.5 mm. Paratype. Managua.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 66

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HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 67.

PLATE 67.

Fig. 1. Mimagoniates microlepis (Steindachner).
21026. 43mm. Brazil.
Fig. 2. Diapoma speculiferum Cope.
21580 Acad. Nat. Sci. Phil. 35mm. Type. Jacuhy, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus scopiferus guaitarae Eigenmann & Henn.
5474 C.M. 76mm. Type. Patia, Colombia.
Fig. 4. Pterobrycon landoni Eigenmann.
5051 C.M. 25mm. Type. Boca de Raspadura.

COMP: ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 67

MUS.

MEM.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 68.

PLATE 68.

Fig. 1. Bryconamericus eigenmanni (Evermann & Kendall).
11071 I. U. M. 75 mm. (about). Paratype. Rio Primero, Cordoba.
Fig. 2. Phenacogaster pectinatus (Cope).
Maxillary and premaxillary dentition.
Fig. 3. Phenacogaster pectinatus (Cope).
Scales of breast.
Fig. 4. Phenacogaster pectinatus (Cope).
Ventral view.
Fig. 5. Phenacogaster pectinatus (Cope).
20831. Obidos, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 68

COMP. ZOOL.

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

mrseenenenens ene et

PLATE 69.

PLATE 69.

.land2. Hemibrycon ipanquianus (Cope).

21114 Acad. nat. sei. Philadelphia. Camera outline of the Type.

. 38. Astyanax longior (Cope). Camera outline of the Type.
. 4, Open jaws of same.
. 5. Bryconamericus phoenicopterus (Cope).

8074, Acad. nat. sci. Philadelphia. Camera outline of a Cotype.

.6. Maxillary of Astyanax aurocaudatus Eigenmann.
. 7. Bryconamericus simus (Boulenger).

115981.U.M. Camera outline of a Cotype.

. 8. Mandible Astyanax aurocaudatus Higenmann. /

.9. | Mandibulary teeth of a Bryconamericus phoenicopterus (Cope).

.10. Astyanax aurocaudatus Kigenmann. Arrangement of the premaxillary teeth.
. 11. Bryconamericus diaphanus (Cope).

21217 Acad. nat. sci. Philadelphia. Camera outline of a Cotype.

.12. Dentition of the same, as seen from the side.
. 13. Bryconamericus eigenmanni (Evermann & Kendall).

11071 I.U.M. Camera outline of a Cotype.

PLATE 70.

Hig
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig. 4.
Fig. 5.

PLATE 70.

Stethoprion erythrops Cope.
Ephippicharax orbicularis C.V.
Ephippicharax franciscensis Higenmann (adult).

Brachychalcinus retrospina Boulenger (after Boulenger).

Ephippicharax franciscensis Higenmann (Young).

CHARACIDAE PLATE 70

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

Sn - ~ = tt i ET EE

SS

Ss

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE 71.

Soe ot

PLATE 71.

Piabucus melanostomus Holmberg (Head).
Piabucus dentatus? (Koelreuter) (Head).
Iguanodectes tenuis Cope (Head).

Piabucus dentatus (Koelreuter).

Piabucus melanostomus Holmberg.
Iguanodectes tenuis Cope.

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COMP. “ZOOL,

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 72.

PLATE 72.

Fig. 1-6. Parastremma sadina Eigenmann.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 72

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

COMP; =ZOOL,

MEM. MUS.

|
|
|
|

PLATE 73.

Fig. 1. Rhoadsia eigenmannii (Meek).
Fig. 2. Rhoadsia minor Higenmann and Henn.
Fig. 3. Rhoadsia altipinnis Fowler.

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HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

|
|

1 74,

PLATE

PLATE 74.

Rhoadsia altipinna Fowler.
Big. 1, 2.8, 4, 6)-7,-0, do; 14,
Teeth on premaxillary, maxillary and mandible.

Parastremma sadina Eigenmann.

Fig. 5, 8, 10, 11, 12, 15, 16, 17.
Teeth on premaxillary, maxillary and mandible.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 74

PLATE 75.

PLATE 75.

ig. 1. Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann).

Mandibular dentition.

. 2, Bryconamericus caucanus Higenmann.

Mandibular dentition (from side).

. 8. Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann.

Mandibular dentition (from side).

. 4, Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann).

Mandibular dentition (from side).

. 5. Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann.
Premaxillary.
. 6. Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann.

Mandibular dentition (from side).

. 7. Bryconamericus stramineus Higenmann.

Outline of premaxillary teeth (from above).

. 8. Bryconamericus stramineus Eigenmann.
Maxillary.
.9. Bryconamericus caucanus Higenmann.

Outline of premaxillary teeth (from above).

. 9a. Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger).

Maxillary.

. 9b. Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger).

Maxillary teeth (enlarged).

. 10. Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger).

Head showing maxillary and suborbitals.

. 11. Bryconamericus caucanus Eigenmann.
Maxillary.

. 12. Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann).
Maxillary.

. 13. Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann.
Maxillary.

. 14. Argopleura magdalenensis (Eigenmann).

Premaxillary dentition.
. 15. Bryconamericus exodon Eigenmann.
Premaxillary dentition (both sides).

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 75

PLATE 76.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

1. Hemibrycon guppii (Regan).
Maxillary dentition.

2. Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann).
Maxillary dentition.

3. Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann).
Mandibular dentition (half) from side.
4. WHemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann).
Mandibular dentition (half) from above.
5. Hemibrycon boquiae (Eigenmann).
Premaxillary dentition.

6. Hemibrycon tolimae (Higenmann).
Maxillary dentition.

7. Hemibrycon tolimae (Higenmann).
Mandibular dentition (half) from side.
8. Hemibrycon tolimae (Higenmann).
Premaxillary dentition (half).

9. Hemibrycon tolimae (Higenmann).
Mandibular dentition.

10. Hemibrycon dentatus (Eigenmann).

Premaxillary dentition (half).
11. Hemibrycon tolimae Eigenmann).

Premaxillary dentition (half) from below.

PLATE 76.

12. Hemibrycon dentatus (Higenmann).

Mandibular dentition.

13. Hemibrycon dentatus (Eigenmann).

Premaxillary dentition.

14. Hemibrycon dentatus (Higenmann).

Maxillary dentition.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 76

.

PLATE 77.

Fig.

PLATE 77.

ig. 1. Phenacobrycon henni (Higenmann).

Premaxillary dentition.

ig. 2. Phenacobrycon henni (Higenmann).

Mandibular dentition.

. 3. Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann.

Premaxillary teeth (from below).

¢.4. Phenacobrycon henni (Higenmann).

Maxillary dentition.

. 5. Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann.

Mandibulary teeth (from above).

ig. 6. Bryconamericus scopiferus EHigenmann.

Mandible (from side).

x, 7. Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann.

Maxillary.

. 8. Bryconamericus scopiferus Eigenmann.

Maxillary.

. 9. Parastremma sadina Higenmann.

Camera outline of head of specimen 180 mm. long to show relative length of maxillary.

. 10. Parastremma sadina Eigenmann.
Camera outline of head of specimen 70 mm. long to show relative length of maxillary (much enlarged).
- 11. Rhoadsia altipinna Fowler.

Camera outline of head of specimen 48 mm. long to show relative length of maxillary.

. 12. Parastremma sadina Eigenmann.
Camera outline of head of specimen 25 mm. long to show relative length of maxillary (much enlarged).
. 13. Rhoadsia altipinna Fowler.

Camera, outline of head of specimen 168 mm. long to show relative length of maxillary.
14. Rhoadsia altipinna Fowler.
Camera outline of head of specimen 142 mm. long to show relative length of maxillary.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 77

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 78.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

PLATE 78.

1. Hemigrammus schmardae (Steindachner).
Maxillary.

2. Hemigrammus nanus (Liitken).
Premaxillary.

3. Hemigrammus boulengeri Eigenmann.
Maxillary.

4. Hemigrammus tridens Eigenmann.
Maxillary.

5. Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Higenmann & Ogle).
Premaxillary. (For maxillary see Plate 79, fig. 2).

6. Hemigrammus micropterus Meek.
Maxillary.

7. Hemigrammus nanus (Liitken).
Maxillary.

8. Hemigrammus unilineatus (Gill).
Maxillary.

9. Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger).
Maxillary.

10. Hemigrammus ulreyi (Boulenger).
Premaxillary.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 78

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ao

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 79.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.

PLATE 79.
Dentition.

1. Hyphessobrycon liitkeni (Boulenger).
Maxillary. 9994 I. U. M.

2. Hyphessobrycon inconstans (Higenmann «& Ogle).
Maxillary. 34591 U.S. N.M. (For premaxillary see Plate 78, fig. 5).
3. Hyphessobrycon santae (Eigenmann).
Maxillary.

3a. Hyphessobrycon santae (Higenmann).
Premaxillary.

4. Hyphessobrycon anisitsi (Higenmann).
Maxillary.

5. Hyphessobrycon liitkeni (Boulenger).
Maxillary. 4890 I. U. M.

6. Hyphessobrycon riddlei (Meek).
Mazxillary.

7. Hyphessobrycon gracilis (Reinhardt).
Maxillary.

8. Hyphessobrycon bellottii (Steindachner).
Maxillary.

9. Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin.
Maxillary.

9a. Hyphessobrycon bentosi Durbin.
Premaxillary.

10. Hyphessobrycon heterorhabdus (Ulrey).
Maxillary.

11. Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin.
Maxillary.

lla & b. Hyphessobrycon copelandi Durbin.
Premaxillary and mandible.

12. Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin.
Maxillary.

12a. Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin.
Premaxillary.

12b. Hyphessobrycon serpae Durbin.
Mandibulary teeth.

13. Hyphessobrycon callistus (Boulenger).
Maxillary.

14. Hyphessobrycon compressus (Meek).
Maxillary.

14a. Hyphessobrycon riddlei (Meek).
Premaxillary.

MEM. MUS. COMP: ZOOL. ~* = 2 >. CH ARACIDAE PLATE F6

PLATE 80.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.
Fig.

PLATE 80.
Dentition.

Thayeria obliqua Eigenmann.

1. Premaxillary.
2. Maxillary.
4. Mandibulary teeth from within.
6. Mandibulary teeth from without.
Hemibrycon dentatus Eigenmann.

3 arrangement of the teeth in the first row of the premaxillary in seven different specimens.
5. Piedra Moler, Colombia.
7-11. (See also Plate 76).

Creagrutus magdalenae Eigenmann.
12. Mandibulary teeth from the side.
13. Mandibulary teeth from above.
14. Right maxillary.
15. Premaxillary teeth from below.
16. Left maxillary.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 80

PLATE 81.

PLATE 81.

Fig. 1-2. Eobrycon branneri EHigenmann.
(Type (1) and paratype (2).)

COMP. -ZO0L;

CHARACIDAE PLATE 8l

MUS.

MEM.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 82.

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PLATE 82.

Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia. 9

Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia (after Steindachner),
Pseudocorynopoma doriae (after Perugia).
Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 82

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i 83.

PLATE

PLATE 83.

Fig. 1. Pseudocorynopoma heterandria Figenmann.
Fig. 2. Corynopoma riisei Gill 9

Fig. 3. Corynopoma riisei Gill #

Fig. 4. Corynopoma aliata (Higenmann). <7

COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 83

MEM. MUS.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 84.

PLATE 84,

Fig. 1. Corynopoma aliata (Eigenmann).
Caudal and caudal scales.

Fig. 2. Landonia latidens Higenmann & Henn.
Caudal and caudal scales of male.

Fig. 38. Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn.
Anterior part of the anal fin.

Fig. 4. Pseudocorynopoma heterandria Eigenmann.
Caudal and caudal scales of male.

Fig. 5. Pseudocorynopoma doriae Perugia.
Caudal scales of male.

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

CHARACIDAE PLATE

84

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HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 85.

PLATE 85.

(Proc. Academy nat. sci. Philadelphia, 1907).

~~

Fig. 1. Hemibrycon ipanquianus (Cope).
21114 Phila. Academy. 97mm. Type. Urubamba.
Fig. 2. Astyanax longior (Cope).
21222 Phila. Academy. 79mm. Type. Peruvian Amazon.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus phoenicopterus (Cope).
8092 Phila. Academy. Length about 57mm. Type. Ambyiacu.
Fig. 4. Bryconamericus diaphanus (Cope).
21216 Phila. Academy. 52mm. Type. Peruvian Amazon.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 85

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 86.

Hig,
Fig. 2.
Fig. 3.
Fig, 4.
Fig. 5.

PLATE 86.

Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn.

5408 C.M. 55mm. 2. Type. Vinces, Ecuador.
Mandibular dentition.

Premaxillary dentition.

Maxillary dentition.

13100 I. U. M. 50mm./?.) Paratype. Vinces, Ecuador.

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 86

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PLATE 87.

PLATE 87.

Fig. 1-8. Astyanax maximus (Steindachner). (Sitzb. K. akad. wiss. Wien, 72, pl. 7.)
Fig. 4. Astyanax metae Higenmann. :
13371 1.U.M. 140mm. Barrigon, Colombia.

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 87

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

GOMP...ZOOL,

MUS.

MEM.

PLATE 88.

PLATE 88.

Fig. 1. Hemibrycon colombianus Eigenmann.
5470 C. M. 106mm. Type. Rio San Gil, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann.
131541.U.M. 65mm. Type. Chanchamayo River, Peru.
Fig. 3. Ceratobranchia obtusirostris Eigenmann.
Reversed right gill-arch.
Fig. 4. Gephyrocharax caucanus Eigenmann.
Caudal of male (enlarged).
Fig. 5. Gephyrocharax caucanus Eigenmann.
12670 I. U. M. 53mm. @. Cali, Colombia.

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 88

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

PLATE 89.

PLATE 89.

Fig. 1. Microbrycon minutus Eigenmann and Wilson.

5422 C.M. 24mm. Type. Truando, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Piabina analis Eigenmann.

5478 C. M. About 37mm. Type. Caceres, Brazil.
Fig. 3. Astyanax fasciatus heterurus Eigenmann.

5392 C.M. 50mm. Type. Truando, Colombia.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 89

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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PLATE 90.

PLATE 90.

Fig. 1. Phenacobrycon henni (Eigenmann).

13102 I. U. M.. 46mm. 9. Vinces, Ecuador.
Fig. 2.. Phenacobrycon henni (Eigenmann).

5410 C.M. 48mm. Type #. Vinces, Ecuador.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger).

3562 C.M. 57mm. Rio Jacuhy, Brazil.
Fig. 4. Bryconamericus iheringii (Boulenger).

3564 C. M. 72mm. Cacequy, Brazil.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 90

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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PLATE 91.

PLATE 91.

Fig. 1. Bryconamericus alpha Eigenmann.

5463 C.M. 59mm. Type. Villavicencio, Colombia.
Fig. 2. Bryconamericus beta Eigenmann.

5465 C.M. 57mm. Type. Villavicencio, Colombia.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus deuterodonoides Eigenmann.

5461 C.M. 43mm. Type. Villavicencio, Colombia.
Fig. 4. Bryconamericus cismontanus Eigenmann.

5459 C.M. 60mm. Type. Villavicencio, Colombia.

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 91

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTOM

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

PLATE 92.

PLATE 92.

Fig. 1. Astyanax bimaculatus paraguayensis Higenmann.
. 3281 C.M. 96mm. Sapucay, Paraguay.
Fig. 2. Astyanax hasemanni Kigenmann.
5476 C.M. About 55mm. Type. Porto Alegre, Southeastern Brazil.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus novae Eigenmann & Henn.
3568 C.M. 58mm. Type. Below Cachocira da Velha de Rio Nova, Brazil. :

GOMP. ZOOL,

CHARACIDAE PLATE 92

MEM. MUS.

MELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON.

PLATE 93.

PLATE 93.

Fig. 1. Bryconamericus brevirostris (Giinther).
13123 I. U.M. 82mm. Colimes, Ecuador.
Fig. 2. Hemigrammus barrigonae Higenmann & Henn.
13423 I. U.M. 41mm. Type. Barrigona, Colombia.
Fig. 3. Hyphessobrycon metae EHigenmann & Henn.
13421 1.U.M. 34 mm. Type. Barrigona, Colombia.
Fig. 4. Creagrutus beni Eigenmann.
Premaxillary and maxillary teeth. 3216 C. M. Type. Rio Beni, Bolivia.
Fig. 5. Creagrutus beni Eigenmann.
Premaxillary and maxillary teeth. Quevrada Gramalote, Villacencio, Colombia.
Fig. 6. Hyphessobrycon ecuadoriensis EHigenmann & Henn.
13105a I. U. M. 31mm. Vinces, Ecuador.
Fig. 7. Creagrutus beni Eigenmann.
13373 I. U. M. 66 mm. Barrigona, Colombia.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 93

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

PLATE 94.

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PLATE 94.

Fig. 1. Henochilus wheatlandii Garman.
Fig. 2. Psalidodon gymnodontus Eigenmann.
Fig. 3-4. Rhoadsia altipinnis Fowler.

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 94

BOSTON

HELIOTYPE CO.,

MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

MEM.

PLATE 965.

PLATE 95.

Fig. 1. Astyanax fasciatus (Cuvier).
127391.U.M. 162mm. Quibdo, Colombia.

Fig. 2. Phenacogaster megalostictus Eigenmann.
11746 I. U. M. 63 mm. Tumatumari, British Guiana.

Fig. 3. Moenkhausis dichroura (Kner).
11862 1.U.M. 60mm. Konawaruk, British Guiana.

Fig. 4. Moenkhausia oligolepis (Giinther).
118361.U.M. 114mm. Aruataima, British Guiana.

Fig. 5. Astyanax festae (Boulenger).
13119 I. U. M. Largest, 67 mm. Puertoviejo, Ecuador.

Fig. 6. Astyanax bimaculatus (Linné).
11308 I. U. M. 134 mm. Trinidad.

Fig. 7. Deuterodon iguape Higenmann.
11686 1.U.M. 112mm. Raiz da Serra, Southeastern Brazil.

Fig. 8. Hollandichthys multifasciatus (Eigenmann & Norris).
13297 1.U.M. 105mm. Raiz da Serra, Southeastern Brazil.

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MEM. MUS. COMP.

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ZOOL.

HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

CHARACIDAE PLATE

95

PLATE 96.

PLATE 96.

Fig. 1. Ceratobranchia binghami Eigenmann.

31561 M.C.Z. 53mm. Type. Santa Ana, Peru.
Fig. 2. Hemibrycon helleri Higenmann.

13565 M.C.Z. 100mm. Type. Rio Comberciato, Peru.
Fig. 3. Hemibrycon tridens Eigenmann.

13723 I.U.M. 65mm. Type. Uruhuasi, Peru.

Rea nme eee nara

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL. CHARACIDAE PLATE 96

HELIOTYPE CO. BOSTON |

PLATE 97.

PLATE 97.

Fig. 1. Hemibrycon tolimae (Higenmann).
Fig. 2. Bryconamericus scopiferus (Higenmann).
Fig. 3. Gephyrocharax chocoensis Eigenmann.
Fig. 4. Argopleura magdalenensis Higenmann.
Fig. 5. Pseudiconynopoma, heterandria Eigenmann.
Fig. 6. Glandulocauda melanogenys Eigenmann.
Fig. 7. Landonia latidens Eigenmann & Henn.

8

. Nematobrycon palmeri EKigenmann.

Fig. 9. Piabina argentea (Reinhardt).

Fig. 10. Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann.

Fig. 11. Nematobrycon palmeri Eigenmann.

Fig. 12. Thoracocharax maculatus (Steindachner).
Fig. 13. Creagrutus affinis Steindachner.

Fig. 14. Iguanodectes tenuis Cope.

Fig. 15. Piabucus dentatus (Koelreuter).

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 97

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HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

GOMPY ZOOL,

MEM. MUS.

PLATE 98.

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PLATE 98.
Fig. 1. Creatochanes melanurus (Bloch).
11887 1.U.M. 136mm. Wismar, British Guiana.

Fig. 2. Genycharax tarpon EHigenmann.
126741.U.M. 185mm. Cali, Colombia.

Fig. 3. Stichanodon insignis (Steindachner).
20803 M.C. Z. 65mm. Manacapuru, Brazil.

Fig. 4. Tetragonopterus chalceus Agassiz.
118551.U.M. 85mm. Crabs Falls, British Guiana.

Fig. 5. Ephippicharax orbicularis (Cuvier & Valenciennes).
122121.U.M. 82mm. Rockstone, British Guiana.

Fig. 6. Stethaprion erythrops Cope.
19268 M.C.Z. 94mm. Jutahy, Brazil.

Fig. 7. Ctenobrycon hauxwellianus (Cope).
20814 M.C.Z. 84mm. Iga, Brazil.

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HELIOTYPE CO., BOSTON

MUS, COMP, ZOOL,

MEM.

PLATE 99.

PLATE 99.

Fig. 1. Bryconamericus alfredae Eigenmann.

31564 M.C.Z. 45mm. Type. Santa Ana, Peru.
Fig. 2. Bryconamericus grosvenori Eigenmann.

31562 M.C.Z. 58mm. Type. Santa Ana, Peru.
Fig. 3. Bryconamericus pachacuti Eigenmann.

31563 M.C.Z. 74mm. Type. Santa Ana, Peru.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 99

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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PLATE 100.

PLATE 100.

| Camera outlines of the heads.

Fig. Moenkhausia barbouri Higenmann.

Fig. Moenkhausia costae (Steindachner).
Fig. Moenkhausia dichroura (Kner).
Fig. Moenkhausia melogramma Higenmann.
} Fig. Moenkhausia grandisquamis (Miller and Troschel).
: Fig. Moenkhausia bondi Fowler.

Le
2
3
4
Fig. 5. Moenkhausia oligolepis (Giinther).
6
7
Fig. 8. Moenkhausia jamesi Higenmann.
9,

Fig.

10. Moenkhausia chrysargyrea (Gimther).

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CHARACIDAE PLATE 100

ZOOL.

MEM. MUS. COMP.

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PLATE 101.

PLATE 101,

Camera outlines of the heads.

| Fig. 1. Moenkhausia ceros Higenmann. Type.
Fig. 2. Moenkhausia cotinho Higenmann. T'ype.
Fig. 3. Moenkhausia collettii (Steindachner).
| Fig. 4, Moenkhausia copei (Steindachner).
Fig. 5. Moenkhausia lepidura hasemani Higenmann.
Fig. 6. Moenkhausia lepidura igae Eigenmann.
. 7. Moenkhausia lepidura gracilima Kigenmann.

|

Fig
i

| Figs. 8, 9. Moenkhausia intermedia Eigenmann.
|

Fig. 10. Moenkhausia lepidura lata Higenmann.

CHARACIDAE PLATE 101

MEM. MUS. COMP. ZOOL.

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