i 1 ;

; ; QAKISY Meg Boe 1755S

EXPLORATIONS AND SURVEYS FOR A RAILROAD ROUTE FROM THE MISSISSIPPI RIVER TO THE PACIFIC OCEAN.

WAR DEPARTMENT.

; REPORT

ON THE

BOTANY OF THE EXPEDITION:

BY

JOHN TORREY AND ASA GRAY.

ROUTE ON THE FORTY-FIRST PARALLEL OF NORTH LATITUDE, UNDER THE COMMAND OF LIEUT. E£. G. BECKWITH, THIRD ARTILLERY;

AND

ROUTE NEAR THE THIRTY-EIGHTH AND THIRTY-NINTH PARALLELS OF NORTH LATITUDE, UNDER THE COMMAND OF OAPT. J. W. GUNNISON, CORPS OF TOPOGRAPHICAL ENGINEERS.

CONTENTS.

PART I.

Plants collected by Mr. James A. Snyder, under the direction of Lieut. E. G. Beckwith, U.S. A., in an expedition made under his charge from Great Salt Lake, Utah Territory, directly west to the Sacramento valley, in California, in the months of May, June, and July, 1854 ae ee ee we ee ee ee Free Pe Gg om nae cm

. PART II.

Plants collected by Mr. F. Creutzfeldt, under the direction of Capt. J. W. Gunnison, U. S. A., in charge of explorations or a railroad from Fort Leavenworth, via the Kansas, Arkansas, and Huerfano rivers, the Sangre de Cristo Pass, San Luis valley, Coochetopa Pass, Grand and Green rivers, and thence into the Great Basin, in the vicinity of the Sevier or Nicollet lake. The collection was made from early in June to late in October, 1853 fae ce eS oF

Page.

119

125

‘

BOTANICAL REPORT.

Botanical Report, by Joun Torrey and Asa Gray, upon the Collections made by Captain Gunnison, Topographical Engineers, in 1853, and by Lieutenant E. G: Becxwits, Phird Artillery, in 1854.

I.—Plants collected by Mr. James A. Snyder, under the direction of Lieutenant E. G. Beckwith, U.S. A., in an expedition made under his charge from Great Salt Lake, Utah Territory, directly west to the Sacramento valley, in California, in the mouths of May, June, and July, 1354.

TI.—Plants collected by Mr. F. Creutzfeldt, under the direction of Captain J. W. Gunnison, U. 8. A., in charge of explorations for a railroad from Fort Leavenworth, via the Kansas, Arkansas, and Huerfano rivers, the Sangre de Cristo Pass, San Luis valley, Coochetopa Pags, Grand and Green rivers, and thence into the Great Basin, in the vicinity of the Sevier or Nicollet lake. The collection was made from early in June to late in October, 1853.

PART I;

Plants collected by Mr. James A. Syyper, under the direction of Lieutenant E. G. Becxwira, U.S. Army, in an expedition made under his charge from Great Salt lake, directly west, to the Sacramento valley, in California, in the months of May, June, and July,

Aquitecta Canavensis, Linn.; Torrey and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 29. Ina cafion east of the Sierra Nevada; June 17. Few phanerogamous plants of this country have so great a geographical range as has this species, (including the A. formosa, Fischer,) namely: from Hudson’s Bay to Florida and New Mexico, and from Unalaschka to California.

Detpaintum Menztust1, DC. Syst. 1, p. 355 ; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer.1, p. 25. Near Great Salt Lake. Also, in a valley of the Sierra Nevada; with an incomplete specimen of what may be a white-flowered variety; May and June.

Escuscnottzia Cantrornica, Cham. and Nees, Flor. Phys. Berol. p. 73, t. 15, non Lindl. Sierra Nevada; June 25.

TuRRITIS RETROFRACTA, Hook, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p..41. Summit of a mountain in the Great Basin east of the Sierra Nevada. In flower only; June 1.

Erystmum asperuM, DC.; Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 95. Mountains near Great Salt Lake ; May.

‘SPRAGUEA UMBELLATA, Torr. Pl. Fremont, in Smithson. Contrib. p. 4, t.1. Summit of Noble’s Pass, Sierra Nevada; July 3. The specimens of this interesting Portulacaceous genus accord

with those of Col. Fremont, who alone has gathered the plant hitherto; but being younger,

the corollas are more conspicuous, and the scarious sepals not so large. REDIVIvA, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 368; Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 334, t. 86. On the 5

L Sierra Nevada; June 25.

SIDALcEA MALVZFLORA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p.16. Mountains east of the Sierra Nevada; June 14,

VioLa BeckwiTHt, (n. sp.): subcaulescent; ascending stems abbreviated; cauline leaves biter- nately or pedately parted, decurrent on the margined petiole, the lobes or segments oblong- linear, hirsute-puberulent; stipules minute, scarious, entire; sepals linear, obtuse, ciliolate; lower petal barely saccate at the base, purple, with yellow claws, the two upper shorter and deep violet. On the slope of a mountain between Great Salt Lake and the Sierra Nevada;

120 BOTANY.

June 1. A well-marked species; with the foliage somewhat like that of V. delphinifolia, Nuéé. ; but the primary divisions compoundly divided in a ternate or pinnatisect manner; and there is a distinct stem, although it is only an inch long in the specimen. Lobes of the leaves half an inch or less in length. Stipules very small and inconspicuous, except those of the lowest and subradical leaves, which are larger. Peduncles 2 inches, naked. Petals half an inch long. Style short, clavate, minutely bearded at the gibbous summit; the stigma lateral.

TRIFOLIUM ALTISsIMUM, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor._Am. 1, p. 130, ¢. 48. On the Sierra Ne- vada; June 22.

Astragatus (Puaca) Pursut, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 152. Phaca mollissima, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 350; Torr. in Stansbury’s Rep. p. 385, t. 3, figs. 4 and 5. Near Humboldt river ; in fruit. In reuniting Phaca to Astragalus, the name given by Doug- las to this species is to be restored, both on account of its priority, and because there is already an Astragalus mollissimus,

AstraGatus (Puaca) UTAnENsIs: caespitose, very softly and densely white-tomentose; stems short and depressed ; leaflets 6-9 pairs, broadly obovate or nearly orbicular; stipules lanceo- late, subulate-pointed, free; peduncles equalling or exceeding the leaves, subcapitately 3-6- flowered ; bracts setaceous, twice the length of the pedicels; teeth of calyx subulate, much shorter than the cylindrical tube; corolla violet-purple; legumes extremely woolly, sessile, ob- long, pointed, incurved, strictly one-celled. Phaca mollissima f. Utahensis, Torr. in Stansb.

p. 385, t. 2. Near Lone Rock, south of Great Salt Lake. In flower; May. Although closely allied to the preceding, this may safely be considered as a distinct species; and so Dr. Torrey was inclined to regard it. A. Purshii, besides its oblong and often acute or acutish leaflets, has the foliage and calyx, &c., clothed with villous or shaggy hairs, so that Hooker de- scribes it as ‘‘ hirsutissimus,”’ and the flowers are said by Douglas to be yellow, meaning doubt- less ochroleucous, except a purple tip to the keel. The present plant is white, with a soft and matted tomentum, and the corolla is violet-purple. The mature pods, (here described chiefly from a fruiting plant gathered by Captain Stansbury, which is doubtless a form of the species, though with shorter peduncles,) after detaching the thick mass of wool in which they are imbedded, are found to be narrower, but otherwise similar to those of the preceding. In the figure above cited, the tube of the calyx is mostly represented quite too short. the same elongated form as in A. Purshii, but the teeth are not so setaceous.

Astragaus (Homatosus?) Brcxwiram, (n. sp.): glabrous or nearly so, low, perennial; stems branched from the base, ascending; stipules triangular-lanceolate, nearly free; petioles slen- der; leaflets 6-9 pairs, small, oval-orbicular, rather scattered ; peduncles about the length of the leaves, 7-8-flowered ; bracts subulate, small; calyx oblong-campanulate, sparsely and mi- nutely black-haired; the aristiform-subulate teeth nearly as long as the tube; corolla ochroleu- cous, incurved, the oblong vexillum deeply emarginate; ovary linear, stipitate. On the Cedar Mountains, west of Lone Rock, and south of Great Salt Lake ; May; in flower. The slender stems, with the peduncles that terminate them, are only 4 inches long in the specimen, and not exceeding the radical leaves; but as they go on to branch they doubtless attain a cousiderably greater height in the season. Leaflets 24 or 3 lines long, slightly petiolulate, rather fleshy in texture, veinless, glabrous, except some minute hairs on the midrib and margins when first de- veloped. Flowers crowded on very short pedicels; tube of the calyx 3 lines long; corolla 9 lines long, abruptly curved near the obtuse tip of the keel, which is much shorter than the wings and vexillum ; ovary glabrous, more or less compressed, many-ovuled, neither suture at all introflexed, raised on a stipe which is soon about as long as the tube of the calyx. The fruit, unfortunately, is still unknown ; but the plant is evidently one not before described.

ASTRAGALUS DIpHYsUs, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 34? Southwest of Great Salt Lake; May. In

It is really of

flower only, and not to be accurately determined.

BOTANY. 121

Lupinus arrints, Agardh, Syn. Lup. p. 20; Torr. and Gray, Fl. p. 376. Agate Pass of the Quartz Mountains; June 1.

LUupINus DECUMBENS, var. ARGOPHYLLUS, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 38. Utah, in a cafion ; May 29. Flowers yellow and white. This is the same as Fendler’s No. 167, and is very likely Pursh’s lu. argenteus. L. laxiflorus, perhaps, runs into it. The calyx is conspicuously saccate-spurred on the upper side.

Rosa cymnocarpa, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 461. On the Sierra Nevada; July.

CENornera MARGINATA, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 500. On the summit of the Hum- boldt Mountains, Utah; May.

(Enornera (Cuyiismra) cLavzrormis, Torr. in Frem. Rep. 2d Exped. p. 314. At the foot of the Sierra Nevada, on the eastern side; June. What appears to be a einereous and somewhat hairy, more caulescent, and branching variety of this, was gathered by Coulter: No. 180 of his California collection.

(ENoTHERA (SpH#RostiaMa) AtyssorpEs, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 394; Hook. Ic, Pl. t. 339. Near Humboldt river; June. Flowers white.

CENoTHERA (PRIMULOPSIS) TANACETIFOLIA (n, sp.): stemless, perennial? minutely pubescent; leaves lanceolate in outline, interruptedly pinnately parted into very numerous small segments, some of them minute and oval or oblong, the others linear; all sinuate-toothed or pinnatifid ; tube of the calyx shorter than the leaves, filiform, dilated at the summit ; the segments lanceo- late, shorter than the obovate petals and the style; anthers oblong, much shorter than the moderately unequal filaments; stigma discoid, entire. On the higher parts of the Sierra Ne- vada; June 18. Root apparently thick and perennial. Leaves 3 or 4 inches long, including the short petiole, 5 to 8 lines wide, finely dissected. Tube of the calyx 2 inches or more in length ; the segments half an inch long. Petals bright yellow, nearly an inch long. Stigma broad and flat. Fruit not seen.

CEnotuERA (Gopetra) RuBicuNDA, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1856. In the Sierra Nevada; June.

PrucEDANUM NuDICAULE, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 627, var. ELLIPTICUM. Minutely and softly pubescent; fruit narrowly elliptical, nearly three times as long as broad, the winged margin as wide as the disk. Round Valley, near the sources of the Sacramento, in the Sierra Nevada; June 27. Intermediate between P. nudicaule and P. macrocarpum, having exactly the foliage of the former and the fruit of the latter. The roots of this species are used as food by the natives. :

PEvcepaNum TRITeERNATUM, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl.l.c. Seseli biternatum, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 197; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, p. 304, t. 94. Sierra Nevada. The roots of this plant, in a dried state, were brought home by Lieutenant Beckwith. They are about the size of ‘‘ pea- nuts,’’ and are collected very largely by the Indians. When dried they are hard but brittle, and have a mild sweet taste. They afford a good proportion of the food of some tribes. Besides a large quantity of starch, they contain much other nutritious matter.

Cymoprerus MonTaNnus, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 624; Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 67. Summit of the Goshoot Mountain, Central Utah. In the solitary specimen which the collection contained, the flowers are in a singular abnormal condition. The upper part of the ovary is furnished with ten spongy wings, which extend beyond the flower. The stamens are reduced to rudiments. The teeth of the calyx are normal. Instead of five petals there are only two or three, and these are of an unusual form. The styles are conspicuous, but seem to be desti- tute of stigmas. .

Cuanactis sreviorpes, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 371. Foot of the Sierra Nevada, on the eastern side; June.

Lava etanputosa, Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. p. 358, Eastern side of the Sierra Nevada;

June. Rays white. 166

~

122 BOTANY.

TETRADYMIA GLABRATA (n. sp.): shrubby, divaricately branched, unarmed, young branch- lets, and foliage loosely clothed with floccose white wool, which is soon deciduous; leaves subu- late or acerose, rather fleshy; the primary ones erect (none of them converted into spines) ; the secondary ones crowded in axillary fasciales, glabrous; scales of the tomentose-canescent involucre and flowers four; hairs of the achenium much shorter than the barbellate-denticu- late bristles of the pappus. On the Sierra Nevada, June 16. This is distinguished from T. Nuttallii by the acerose, terete, or angled and fleshy leaves, mostly mucronate or pointed, and glabrous, or soon glabrate: from T’. spinosa (which it resembles in the secondary leaves) by the fewer flowers and involucral scales, the hairs of the ovarium much shorter than the pappus, &c.; and from both of the entire want of spines. It belongs to Tetradymia proper.

DopEcaTHEON INTEGRIFOLIUM, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p.118; and Bot. Mag. t. 3622. Ina cajion between Salt Lake and the Sierra Nevada; May.

PHLOX CANESCENS (n. sp.): dwarf, very much branched, and densely caespitose, tomentose when young, and canescent; leaves acerose, imbricated, at length recurved-spreading, not rigid, very woolly towards the base, the lower ones marcescent; flowers sessile; teeth of the calyx similar to the leaves, and fully as long as the woolly tube; tube of the corolla much longer than the calyx and the cuneiform obovate retuse lobes. P. Hoodii, Torr. in Stansb.

Exped. p. 304. On the Cedar Mountains, south of the Great Salt Lake. This species (of which vaally preserved specimens were also gathered by Colonel Fremont, in his second expe- dition) is allied to P. Hoodii and P. Douglasii. From the former it is distinguished by its more slender leaves and calyx-lobes, and much longer corolla; from the latter (which has longer calyx-teeth than is shown in Hooker’s figure) it is distinguished by its woolliness, its less rigid foliage, longer calyx-lobes, and smaller corolla, but with the tube proportionally longer. The ovules are solitary in each cell. The limb of the corolla appears to be white; its tube yellowish.

Giu1a PULCHELLA, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p.'74. At the foot of the Humboldt Mountains, on the eastern side; May.

PHACELIA INTEGRIFOLIA, Torr. in Am. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. Y. 2, p. 222, t. 3. Valley of Hum- boldt River, Utah; June 8.

PHACELIA HUMILIS (n. sp.): annual, low, much branched from the base; leaves oblong, spat- ulate or lanceolate, all simple and entire, indistinctly veined, minutely ihiewiie- pubescent like the branches, and glandular dotted; racemes densely-flowered; segments of the calyx linear, obtuse, hispid, a little shorter than the (deep violet-colored) corolla; stamens exerted, Near the summit of the Sierra Nevada, California; June. A well-marked species, three or four inches high, somewhat cinereous, with a fine pubescence, except the inflorescence, and especially the calyx, which is hispid with rigid white hairs. Leaves an inch or less in length, short- petioled. Corolla short, when expanded three lines in diameter; the base biplicate between the stamens. Filaments sparingly hispid above. Style glabrous. Ovules two in each cell. Capsule 2-3-seeded. This can hardly be the P. canescens of Nuttall, in Pl. Gambell., which accords better with some states of P. circinata.

Scropuunarr1a Nnoposa, Linn. ; Benth. Pl. Hartweg. no. 1877. Foot of the Sierra Nevada; J leaves are smaller, much truncate at the base, and more laciniate-toothed than the plant of the Atlantic States.

CoLLINSIA PARVIFLORA, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1802. Foot of the Humboldt Mount- ains; May.

PenTsTEMON sPEctosus, Dougl. in Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1270. Mountains in the western part of Utah; June.

_ PentsTeMon HETEROPHYLLUS, Lindl. Bot. Reg. t. 1899? Sierra Nevada, California, on the summit of the mountains; June. Two forms, if not species, have been merged by Hooker and

BOTANY. 123

Arnott under P. heterophyllus. The present single specimen resembles the var. «, in the narrow and marginless sepals, and in the smaller flowers; but the peduncles are principally three- flowered. Not improbably it belongs to an entirely different species,

PENTSTEMON HETERANDRUM (n. sp.): glabrous; stem slender, virgate; leaves lanceolate or oblong-linear, obtuse, callose-serrulate, obtuse or subauriculate at the base; panicle spicate, interrupted ; cymes subsessile, several-flowered ; calyx puberulous, the segments ovate-lanceo- late ; corolla (nearly white) infundibuliform, slightly gibbous above, with 5 short subequal lobes, in estivation various ; stamens glabrous, straightish, of nearly equal length, all anther- iferous, or the fifth without an anther. Sierra Nevada, California; June 30. Flower white, with pink lines half an inch in length. Cauline leaves an inch long, and 3 lines wide; the floral ones successively reduced to small bracts. Anthers glabrous; the cells distinct, mod- erately diverging. Stigma minute and simple. Ovary, &c., apparently as in Pentstemon. Fruit not seen. Two peculiarities are to be noticed in this remarkable plant, either of which would have been sufficient to exclude it from Pentstemon, but both prove to be inconstant in the species. One of these relates to the stamens, which, in the flowers examined, were per- haps more frequently completely pentandrous than otherwise; the fifth (posterior) filament being similar to the others, and bearing either an exactly similar anther, or sometimes one with rather smaller cells, and with the filament or connective prolonged into a short and blunt apical appendage, as shown in figures 9 and 10. In some flowers, however, this anther was found to be reduced to a single and rather imperfect cell, and a bare rudiment of the second cell, as in fig. 11; in others again, (as in fig. 12 and fig. 6,) the fifth stamen is wholly desti- tute of any trace of anther, as in Pentstemon universally, with this exception, if such it be. It is also to be noted that the stamens of this plant are nearly equal in length, at least when all five are antheriferous, and that they are inserted into the very base of the corolla. The re- maining peculiarity relates to the estivation of the corolla; in which, although some of the flower-buds plainly have the two posterior lobes, or one of them, exterior to the others, in the manner of the Antirrhinidex generally, (this being, indeed, the only absolute character of that suborder), as shown in figures 3 and 4; yet, in quite as many instances we find the lateral lobes exterior.in the bud, and covering the two posterior as well as the anterior, (as is repre- sented in figure 2), in the manner of the Rhinanthidee: a new and striking instance of the instability of the modes of estivation of the corolla, and one not altogether unexpected, since Mr. H. T. Clark, a former pupil of Dr. Gray, and an acute and zealous naturalist, showed him several years ago that both modes occur in Mimulus ringens, M. moschatus,

Mimutus tutevs, Linn. In the Sierra Nevada; June.

CastTintesa Hisprpa, Benth. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 105. Cedar Mountains, south of Great Salt Lake; May.

CastiLiesa Pattipa, Kunth. Foot of the Humboldt Mountains, on the eastern side; May.

AUDIBERTIA INCANA, Benth, in Bot. Reg. t. 1469; and in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 359. On the Sierra Nevada; June 20. Flowers blue.

MOoNARDELLA oporatissIMA, Benth. Lab. p. 332; and in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 190. . @uasrtus- CcULA; nearly glabrous; branches slender; leaves oblong-lanceolate, narrowed to a petiole at the base, rather acute; heads terminal; bracts ovate, (colored,) shorter than the calyx, rather acute ; teeth of the calyx ovate-lanceolate, acute, unarmed. Sierra Nevada; July 8. Differs from M. odoratissima in its larger and conspicuously petiolate leaves, and in the narrower acutish bracts, &c. Flowers rose-colored.

Most of the species of this genus have the narrow lobes of the corolla sacculate at the apex; a character which seems to have escaped the notice of Mr. Bentham.

MERTENSIA OBLONGIFOLIA, G. Don, Syst. Gard. 4, p. 372; DC. Prodr. 10, p.92. Pulmonaria oblongifolia, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Phil. 7. p. 13. Pass in Humboldt Mountains; May 23. Flowers blue. This species was found also in various parts of Utah, by Colonel Fremont.

124 BOTANY.

ERITRICHIUM GLOMERATUM, DC. Prodr. 10, p. 131. Myosotis glomerata, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 112; Hook, Fl. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 82, t. 162. Summit of Humboldt Mountains; May 27.

EcHINOSPERMUM FLORIBUNDUM, Lehm. Pug. 2, p. 24; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2, p. 84 t. 164; DC. Prodr. 10, p. 143. Summit of Humboldt Mountains; May 27. Corolla white, finely veined with blue. :

GRAYIA PoLyGaLowEs, Hook. and Arn. in Hook. Ic. t. 271 and 388; Bot. Beech. p. 387. G. spinosa, Mog. in DC. Prodr. 13, pars 2, p. 119. Chenopodium (?) spinosum, Hook. Fl. Bor.- Amer, 2, p. 127. Eastern base of the Sierra Nevada; June 15, (in fruit.) This shrub is called Greasewood by the hunters.

Evrotia ranata, Mog. Chenop. p. 81; and in DC. Prodr. 13, pars 2, p. 121. Diotis lanata, - Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 602; Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 206. Eastern base of the Sierra Nevada; June 15. Flowers monoecious and dioecious. Sepals of ¢ ovate, or rather acute. Moquin (1. c.) asks whether the ? flowers are not bibracteate and destitute of a calyx. This is no doubt their true structure, and is the view taken of them by Ledebour, (FU. Ross. 3, p. 737.)

Ertogonum ovauiroLium, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Se. Phil. 7, p. 51, t. 8, fig. 1. Eucycla oval- ifolia, Nutt. 1. c. (n. ser.) 1, p. 166. astern base of the Sierra Nevada; June 15. In our solitary specimen there is but a single scape, which is about seven inches high. The leaves are broader than in Nuttall’s plant. The filaments are scarcely one-third the length of the sepals, and woolly.

Ertogonum cernuum, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Sc. Phil. (new ser.) 1, p. 162, 8. PURPURASCENS, Eastern base of the Sierra Nevada; June 16. Leaves sometimes almost reniform-orbicular. Scape sparingly and trichotomously branching an inch or two above the base. Peduncles pur- plish, and involucres glandularly pubescent. Sepals deep rose-color, with pale margins, the exte- rior ones somewhat retuse, much longer and broader than the inner ones. Filaments shorter than the inner sepals, glabrous. Achenium with a long acuminate point. Embryo curved, the radicle elongated, erect. Differs from the ordinary form of E. cernuum, which is much more branched, and has white flowers.

Rumex venosus, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 733; Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 240; Hook. FI. Bor.—Amer. 2, p. 130, ¢. 174. Mountains in Central Utah, May 12.

Amrantutum Nurratin, Gray, in Ann. Lyc. N. York, 4, p. 123. Helonias augustifolia, Nutt. im Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 154. Amiantanthus Nuttallii, Kunth, 4, p. 181. . Foot of Oquirrh Mountain, south end of the Great Salt Lake ; May 6.

SISYRINCHIUM GRANDIFLORUM, Dougl. in Bot. Reg. t. 1364; Bot. Mag. t. 3509; Hook. Fl. Bor. Am, 2. p. 207. Pass of Humboldt Mountain ; May 23.

Iris LonarpEeTALA, Herbert in Hook. and Arn. Bot, Beech. p. 395. Fort of Humboldt Mount- ains on the east side; May 28.

Camassta esculenta, Lindl. Bot. Mag. t. 1486; Kunth. Enum. 4, p. 347; Torr. and Gray in Whipple's Report, ined. Phalangium Quamash, Pursh, Fl. 1, p. 226. Near the summit of the Sierra Nevada; June 18.

Catocnortus Nurratim: stem 2-flowered ; leaves very narrowly linear ; petals obovate-cu- neate, rounded at the summit (white, but yellow at the base), with an oblon g dense tuft of hairs on the claw ; and just above this a purple spot, with a few scattered hairs. (. luteus, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 7, p. 51, not of Dougl. Summit of Noble’s Pass, Sierra Nevada; July 3. We have little doubt of this being Nuttall’s C. luteus, as it agrees exactly with his description, and with an imperfect but original specimen of that plant, except that the flower, according to Snyder, is white. Mr. N. was uncertain of the color of the flower in his specimen, for he says they are ‘‘ apparently sulphur yellow.’’ They are, indeed, yellow at the base even in the dried plant, and Mr. Nuttall supposed they were wholly of that color in the fresh state. The marking and other characters of the petals are unlike those of Douglas’s C. luteus; and

BOTANY, 125

as his plant was first discovered, and probably first described, the name must be retained for it. Besides, the name given to it by Mr. Nuttall is inappropriate, if, as we feel pretty confident, the flower of his plant is white.

Bropr#A GRANDIFLORA, J. EH. Smith in Linn. Trans. 10, p. 3; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 471. Scape glabrous ; umbel, few-(8—12-) flowered ; the rays justially 2-4 times ice than the flow- ers ; abortive stamens linear, emarginate, ne often also mucronate; cells of the ovary about 10-ovuled. Madelin Pass of the Sierra Nevada; June 26.

BRoDIMA PARVIFLORA, nN. sp.: scape roughish; umbel, many-(15—20-) flowered ; pedicels shorter than the flower ; sterile stamens ovate-lanceolate, setae acute, entire; cells of the ovary 6-8- ovuled. With the preceding; June 26. Bulb ovate, sometimes more than an inch in diameter. Leaves all radical or nearly so, rather shorter than the scape, about two lines wide, smooth. Scape scarcely larger than a crow-quill, the upper part somewhat flexuous, terete, scabrous with very minute points. Umbel about an inch and a half in diameter ; pedicels unequal, most of them scarcely half the length of the flowers. Involucrate bracts, 4-8, colored, about as long as the pedicels, the outer ones ovate and acuminate. Flowers about half an inch long, pale purple, the tube somewhat inflated ; segments erect, ovate, rather acute. Fertile stamens 3, inserted at the upper part of the tube of the perianth, opposite the inner segments ; anthers linear-oblong, acute at each end. Style filiform; stigma dilated, 3-lobed, the lobes fimbrillate- papillose. We have long had specimens of this plant, collected by Colonel Fremont on Prevost’s Fork of the Utah; and others brought from the valley of the Sacramento by Dr. Stillman. It is easily distinguished from B. grandiflora by the characters given above.

Preris Aquitina, Linn. ; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 488. On the Sierra Nevada.

PART II.

Plants collected by Mr. ¥. Crevutzrewpt, under the direction of Captain J. W. Gunnison, U. 8. Army, in charge of explorations for a railroad from Fort Leavenworth, by the way of the Kansas and Arkansas rivers, to Bent’s Fort; thence by the Huerfano river and Sangre de- Cristo Pass to the valley of San Luis; thence west from that valley to Grand and Green rivers ; thence into the Great Basin, Utah, to the vicinity of the Sevier or Nicollet lake. The colléiticls was commenced at Wasnt, in Missouri, in June, 1853, and finished late in October.

_ [The Rocky mountain ranges were entered early in August. The Sierra Blanca, in which the Sangre de Cristo and Roubi

deau’s passes are found, forms the eastern range of the Rocky mountains, and (at the head of San Luis valley, New Mexico)

unites with the next western range, which is known as the Sierra San Juan or Sahwatch chain. This sierra, in turn, is joined around the head of Grand river to Elk mountain, aid this again to the Roan mountains, the latter being only separated from the former by Blue river, which breaks through in a cafion; and the Roan mountains themselves are separated from the Wahsatch mountains only by the entirely similar cation passage of Green river, which also breaks through the great east and west connect- ing range known as the Uinta mountains. All of these ranges, some more or less parallel, while others form cross and connect- ing chains, constitute properly the great mountain formation of the continent, to which the name of Rocky mountains is applied; the former names applying only to the subdivisions of this great feature]

ANEMONE Viraintana, Linn. Prairies beyond Westport, in Kansas Territory.

Ciematis Pircnert, Zorr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 10. Prairies between Westport and Cotton- wood Creek.

Tuaticrrum Cornutt, Linn. Beyond Westport, in Kansas.

Ranwuncuws pivaricatus, Schrank ; Gray, Pl. Wright, 2, p. 8. Kansas.

Devpainium azureuM, Michz. Beyond Westport.

MENISPERMUM CANADENSE, Linn. With the preceding.

Arcemone Mexicana, Linn. var. Auprrtora, DC. Walnut Creek.

126 BOTANY.

THELYPODIUM INTEGRIFOLIUM, Endl. in Walp. Repert. 1, p. 172. Pachypodium integrifolium, Nutt. ; Hook. and Arn. Bot. Beech. pp. 321 and 74. Coochetopa, Sierra San Juan. In flower. ‘¢ Flowers reddish purple.”’

TueLypopium Wrieutit, Gray, Pl. Wright, 1, p. 7 and 2, p.12. In the Rocky Mountains. The specimens resemble Wright’s No. 845.

Cinome turea, Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 70, t. 25. C. aurea, Nutt. in Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 122. Sand-banks of Green River, Utah.

Parnassta PARVIFLORA, DC. Prodr. 1, p. 320; Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 1, p. 82, t. 27. Rocky Mountains, in the valley of the Grand River; August. This accords with specimens from _ the northwest coast, and with Hooker’s figure (which is not cited in Torr. and Gray, Fl.) but is still more delicate and slender. The filiform scape is five or six inches long ; the petals three lines long ; the radical leaves less than half an inch long, but abrupt at the base, shorter than their petiole.

SILENE sTeLLATA, Ait. Upper Arkansas.

Arenaria Fenpiert, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 13. Rocky Mountains, near the head of the Rio Grande; August. Resembling Fendler’s plant, but not so tall.

Paronyenta James, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 170. _ Plains near Fort Atkinson.

CALLIRRHOE INVoLUCRATA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 16. Prairies near Bluff Creek.

SmALcHA MALVAFLORA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 1, p.16. Utah Creek; August.

SmAcea caNDIDA, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 24. In the Rocky Mountains, east of the Rio Grande; August. In flower.

SPHARALCEA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Cav. var. 8. stetnata, Torr. and Gray, Fl. Sandy banks of the Arkansas, near the Rocky Mountains.

Cranotuus Americanus, Linn. Beyond Westport, near the Arkansas River.

Poty@ata ALBA, Nutt. Beyond Walnut Creek; J uly.

PsoRALEA optustLopa, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 300. Kansas; June,

AMORPHA CANESCENS, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 92. Between Westport and Bent’s Fort.

Daea LaxirLora, Pursh, Fl, 2, p. 741. Near Walnut Creek ; July.

PETAuosTeMON vioLAceuM, Micha. Fl. 2, p. 50, +t. 37. With the preceding.

PETALOSTEMON CANDIDUM, Micha. 1. c. With the preceding species.

Oxyrroris Lameretr, Pursh, Fl. 2, p.'740. Two varieties: one with pale, and the other with violet purple flowers. Rocky Mountains.

ASTRAGALUS aDsURGENS, Pall.; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 1, p. 149. Rocky Mountains ; August,

Baptista LEUCANTHA, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 385. Arkansas River; June.

Horrmanseeata Jamestt, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 393. Near Fort Atkinson; July.

Sonrankra uncinata, Willd.; Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 400. Upper Arkansas.

siias DELICIOSUS, Torr. in Am. Lyc. Nat. Hist. N. York, 2, p. 196. Rocky Mountains. Leaves only.

CENoTHERA spEctosa, Nutt. in Journ. Acad. Philad. 2,p. 119. Beyond Westport.

CiNoTHERA sERRULATA, Nuét. var. Dovenassm, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 502. Beyond Wal- nut Creek,

STENOSIPHON ViRGATUS, Spach, Onagr. p. 64. :

GauRA stnuata, Nutt. Near Fort Atkinson.

Gaura coccinEa, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 249. Walnut Creek,

ErrLopium AN@ustIFoLIuM, Linn. Common in the Rocky Mountains.

LyruruM AaLAtum, Pursh; Torr. and Gray, F'l.1,p.481. From Westport to Walnut Creek.

BOTANY. 127

Mentze11a (Bartonta) Nuva, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 584. Near Fort Atkinson ; July.

Cryprormnta Canapensr, DC. Prodr. 4, p. 119. Beyond Westport; June.

TiaspiuM corpatum, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 615. Near Westport; June.

ContoseLInuM Canapensis, Zorr. and Gray, Fl. 1, p. 619. In the Rocky Mountains ; August. In flower only. . | Gatrtum concinnum, Torr. and Gray, Fl. 2, p. 23. Beyond Westport, Arkansas River; June.

GALIUM BoREALE, Linn. In the Rocky Mountains; August.

OLDENLANDIA ANGUSTIFOLIA, Gray, Pl. Wright. 2, p. 68. Beyond Westport; June.

BRICKELLIA GRANDIFLORA, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) T, p. 287. Rocky Mount-

ains ; August. Asrer MULTIFLORUS, dit. Utah Creek; August.

MACH#RANTHERA TANACETIFOLIA, Nees ; Gray, Pl. Wright, I, p. 90. Fort Atkinson.

ERIGERON GLABELLUM, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 147; Torr. and Gray, Fl. 2, p. 173. Utah Creek ; August. ;

Townsenpra Fenptert, Gray, Pl. Fendl. p. 70. Valleys in the Rocky Mountains ; August.

Coreopsis paLMaTA, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 180. Arkansas River.

GATLLARDIA PULCHELLA, Foug.; Torr. and Gray, Fl. 2, p. 366. Beyond Walnut Creek; July.

AcTINELLA LANATA, Nutt. Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. 7, p. 380. White River Mountains, Utah ; October. The leaves are nearly smooth, and strongly punctate ; awn of the pappus half as long as the scale. Seems about intermediate between this species and 4. Torreyana, Nutt.

ARTEMISIA FrLIFota, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. York, 2, p. 211. Sand-banks of Green River, Utah ; October.

ARTEMISIA Discotor, Dougl.; Besser; DC. Prodr. 6, p. 109. Roubideau’s Pass, Rocky Mount- ains; Sierra Blanca.

ANTENNARIA LUZULOIDES, Torr, and Gray, Fl. 2, p. 430. Higher parts of the Rocky Mount- ains; August.

Cacarra TUBEROSA, Nutt. Gen. 2, p. 138. Beyond Westport; June.

TETRADYMIA INERMIS, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. l. c. p. 415. Rocky Mountains; Au- gust.

Lopetra LEPTOSTACHYS, Alph. DC. Prodr. 7, p. 376. Prairie near Westport.

LysmMAcHia crintata, Ait. West from Westport, Arkansas River.

ASCLEPIAS PURPURASCENS, Linn, With the preceding.

ASCLEPIAS VERTICILLATA, Linn.; 8. Torr. in Nicollet’s Report, p. 154. Fort Atkinson. This is a dwarf variety, being often not more than 3-6 inches high.

AscLEPras TuBEROSA, Linn. Beyond Westport, Arkansas River.

APoCYNUM CANNABINUM, Linn. Beyond Westport and Walnut Creek; June, J uly.

Evstoma Russen1anum, Don; Griseb. in DO. Prodr. 9, p. 51. Near Fort Atkinson; July.

GENTIANA AFFINIS, Grisebach, in Hook. Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p. 56. In the mountains, near Utah Creek; January. |

Tromma LepropHyia, Torr. in Frem. 1st Report, p. 94, and in Emory’s Rep. p. 148, t. 11. Walnut Creek; July. Dr. James was mistaken in supposing this handsome species to be an annual, It has a large perennial root, which has endured for four or five years in the Botanic Garden at Cambridge.

Putox aristata, Micha. 1, p. 144. West from Westport, Kansas; June.

GLIA PULCHELLA, Dougl. in Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p.'74. Rocky Mountains; August.

128 BOTANY.

PoLEMONIUM PULCHERRIMUM, Hook. Bot. Mag. ¢t. 2979. Rocky Mountains; August.

Gira PINNATIFIDA, Nutt. in Herb. Acad. Philad.? In the Rocky Mountains, near the head of the Rio Grande; August. If this be a variety of Nuttall’s plant (which is Fendler’s No. 655) it is remarkable for its much less lobed leaves ; those of the branches being mostly entire.

GILTA GUNNISONI, (n. sp.): annual; stem paniculately much branched from the base, nearly glabrous, as are the leaves; the latter alternate and scattered, subulate-filiform, all entire, mucronate; the crowded bracts viscid-puberulent (like the branchlets), subulate, with the di- lated lower portion viscidly villous-ciliate, mostly shorter than the flowers, which are capitate- clustered at the summit of the branchlets; teeth of the calyx pungently pointed, a little shorter than the tube of the salver-shaped white corolla; stamens inserted in the sinuses of the corolla, rather shorter than its obovate lobes; ovules 2 or 3 in each cell. Sand-banks of Green River, Utah; October. Root slender, evidently annual; the stems or branches 6 or 8 inches high. Leaves all alternate, slender; the cauline and rameal scattered, filiform; the lower nearly an inch long; the upper gradually reduced to small subulate bracts. Calyx somewhat pubescent. Corolla 3 to 4 lines long, the limb rather shorter than the tube; style pubescent below.

Martynta proposcipea, Glow. Near Walnut Creek; July.

Dirreracantuus ciitosus, NV. ab EH. in DC. Prodr. 11, p. 122. Beyond Westport; June.

DIANTHERA PEDUNCULOSA, Linn. (Rhytiglossa pedunculosa, NV. ab H.) Kansas, beyond West- port; June.

Prntstemon ‘Copaia, Nutt.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 3465. Prairie between Westport and Bluff Creek; June.

Pentstemon Drerrauts, Nutt.; Hook. Bot. Mag. t. 2587. With the foregoing.

OrtHocarPus LuTEUS, Nutt. Gen. 2, p.57. Utah Creek; August.

CASTILLEJA PURPUREA, Don. Valleys of the Rocky Mountains; August.

Monarpa FistuLosa, Linn.; Benth. in DC. Prodr. 12, p. 361. Damp valleys of the Rocky Mountains.

Monarpa anistata, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 186; Benth. 1. c. Rou- bideau’s Pass; August. The specimens are evidently annual.

ERITRIcuiuM ¢LomeRatuM, DC. Prodr.10,p. 131. Myosotis glomerata, Nutt. Gen. 2, 9,.112; Hook. Fl. Bor.—Am. 2, p. 80, t. 162. Declivities of the Rocky Mountains; August. <A very rough form of the plant; flowers white, conspicuous.

SoLANUM TRIFLORUM, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 128; Dunal in DO. Prodr. 13, part 1, p. 45. Near the Rocky Mountains; August. Leaves narrower and with fewer teeth on the lobes than usual. Stem branching from the base, and prostrate. Flowers pale blue.

ABRONIA FRAGRANS, Nutt. in Herb. Hook.; Hook. Kew. Jour. Bot. 5, p. 261. Rocky Mount- ains; August. This is in Wright’s (1711) and several other collections, as well as in Geyer’s; but no character of it has yet been published. It is distinguished from A. mellifera by its pure white ‘‘porcelain-colored’’ flowers, scarcely winged fruit, and especially by the involucre, com- posed of very large, broadly ovate, scarious and white leaflets,

OXYBAPHUs AUGUSTIFOLIUS, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. New York, 2, p. 237; Sweet; Choisy in DC. Prodr. 13, pars 1, p. 433; var. uygaris. Fort Atkinson, Arkansas river, and Roubideau’s Pass, Sierra Blanca, Rocky Mountains.

EvPpHoRsIA MARGINATA, Pursh, Fl. 2, p. 607. New Fort Massachusetts, San Luis Valley ; August.

POLYGONUM LAPATHIFOLIUM, Linn; var.: leaves narrowly lanceolate, roughly pubescent on the veins underneath and on the margin; sheaths slightly hairy, ciliate with short hairs: — glandularly pubescent and hispid. Between Westport and the Rocky Mountains;

y-

BOTANY. 129

Ertogonum annuum, Nutt. in Amer. Phil. Trans. (n. ser.) 5, p. 164; Benth. Eriog. in Linn. Trans. 17, p. 414. Sandy river valleys, near Fort Atkinson, Arkansas river; July.

Ertogonum auatum, Torr. in DC. Prodr. 15, (ined.) and in Sitgreaves’s pee P- 168, #. 8. Near the Rocky stad: on hill-sides; August. Plant 2-3 feet high. There is some mis- take about E. alatum, in Hook. Jour. Bot. and Kew. Gard. Misc. for September, 1853. That species is not ennierated in Fremont’s reports, and was described for the first time in the report of Captain Sitgreaves, which was not published till the summer of 1853. But speci- mens of the bak were distributed from Fremont’s and other collections, with the manuscript name.

Erroconum Jamestt, Benth. in DO. Prodr. 14, (ined;) Torr. in Sitgreaves’s Rep. p. 168. E. sericeum, Torr. in lai. Lyc. N. York, 2, p. 241, (eacl. syn.) On the Sierra San Juan; Sep- tember. This plant possesses considerable sAttinigency. and is used as a remedy for darrhoon by the hunters and Indians.

ErtogonuM cernuum, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil. (n. ser.) 1, p. 162; Torr. in Sitgreaves’s ftep. l. c. This species in its early state has radical leaves only, which are clothed with a white tomentum, and the scape is sparingly branched. Later in the season the lower part of the stem or caudex, below the primary leaves, elongates and repeatedly forks, producing a tuft of leaves at every principal division, thus converting the scape into a leafy stem. Western side of the Sierra San Juan; September. Sepals white, often with a deep rose-colored midrib.

RIOGONUM EFFuSUM, Nutt. ¢.c. 9. LepropHyLium, Torr. in Sitgreaves’s Rep. p. 168, t. 10. Declivities of the Rocky Mountains; August.

Var.? roLiosuM: branches at first woolly, but at length nearly glabrous, leafy; leaves crowded, linear, revolute when old, nearly glabrous; cymes small, the rays diverging, very short, compound; involucre campanulate, few-flowered, glabrous, acutely 5-toothed; exterior sepals obovate, emarginate, interior similar in form, but one-third smaller. High prairies, San Luis valley; August.

ERIOGONUM LEPTOCLADON (n. sp.): stems slender, moderately branching, the internodes elon- gated, clothed with a deciduous woolly pubescence, nearly naked above ; leaves lanceolate-linear, woolly, like the stem ; inflorescence loosely paniculate, the ultimate divisions somewhat race- mose; involucre idiqutaaledn: woolly, 5-toothed, smaller than the flowers; calyx campanulate ; eopals somewhat equal, very obtuse, and slightly emarginate; filaments as long as the sepals, hairy nearly to the summit. Sandy soil on Green river; October. A shrub, about two feet high; the branches dichotomous, or sometimes trichotomous, of a greenish hue when the wool is detached; the ultimate divisions short, and not cymose. Involucre scarcely-a line and a half long, few-(6-10-)flowered. Bracteoles linear, minutely glandular on the margin. Perianth gla- brous, obtuse at the base. Achenium with a long glabrous beak. Embryo curved, the cotyledons orbicular; radicle enlongated. Allied to H. effusum, but much more slender, and differs also in the inflorescence.

Ertogonum corymposuM, Benth. in DC. Prodr. 14, (ined.) 8. ptvartcatum: shrubby and much branched, clothed with a dense white tomentum; leaves oblong lanceolate, on very short petioles, undulate on the margin, approximated; cymes large and widely spreading, the pri- mary and secondary divisions trichotomous, the ultimate dichotomous; involucre oblong-com- panulate, obtusely 5-toothed; flowers (middle-sized) glabrous; exterior sepals broadly obovate, emarginate, the inner narrower and rather shorter; bracteole spatulate-linear; filaments hairy towards the base; ovary attenuated, glabrous; styles very long and exserted. Near springs on Green river; October. About a foot and a half high; leaves about three-fourths of an inch long, and nearly half that breadth. Perhaps a distinct species from £. corymbosum of Ben- tham, which, however, was founded on a specimen in Dr. Torrey’s herbarium, collected by feieaal eoseak very near where Lieutenant Beckwith’s plant was found.

17d

130 BOTANY.

ErI0GoNUM UMBELLATUM, Torr. in Annal. Lyc. N. York, 2, p. 241; and in Sitgreaves’s Rep. t. 12; not of Benth. Near the Rocky Mountains.

Quercus muprroaRta, Willd. Spec. 4, p. 428; Micha. f. Sylv. 1, p. 69, t. 15. Upper Arkansas. A handsome tree from 35 to 45 feet high, with a trunk sometimes 18 inches in diameter.

Quercus ALBA, Linn. ; Miche. f. Sylv.1, p.17,t. 1. 8? Gunyisonit: shrubby; leaves oblong, somewhat coriaceous, smooth above, minutely pubescent underneath, pinnatifidly lobed, the lobes nearly equal, entire, semi-ovate, obtuse ; fruit on a long peduncle; cup hemispherical ; scales oblong, flattish, with a short, abrupt, discolored acumination; gland ovate. On declivi- ties of mountains. Coochetopa Pass, Sierra San Juan. A shrub 6-10 feet high. Acorns less than half as large as in Q. alba.

Asters TAXIFOLIA, Lamb. Pin. 2,t. 47. Roubideau’s Pass. A handsome tree growing from 35 to 40 feet high, and 12 to 16 inches in diameter. The specimens are without cones. The leaves are from an inch and a quarter to nearly two inches long, very slender and glaucous on both sides.

Prints (undetermined) ; apparently between P. flexilis of James and P. Strobus. Highest places in the Coochetopa. Leaves in fives, about an inch and a half long, besmeared with a clear colorless balsam. This is the same pine that Col. Fremont collected on his first expedition, and is noticed in the Botanical Appendix to his Report, 1843, p. 97. For want of the cones, it cannot be satisfactorily determined. Perhaps it belongs to that section of the genus which includes P. edulis, Lngelm. and P. monophylla, Torr.

Pinus Saprntana, Dougl. Msse. ; Lamb. Pin. (ed. 2), 2, p. 146, ¢. 80; Endl. Syn. Conif. p. 159. Valley of the Sacramento. One of the cones brought home by Lieut. Beckwith measured 9 inches in height, by 21 inches in circumference.

Junwrervs Vireintana, Linn.; Micha. f. Syl. 2, p. 354, t. 155; Endl. Synops. Conif. p. 27. Coochetopa. A small tree, not exceeding 15 feet in height.

JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS, Linn.; Endl.l.c. Prostrate under and around trees. Roubideau’s Pass.

TrapescanTIA Vireinica, Linn. ; Bot. Mag. t. 105; Kunth., Enum. 4, p. 81. Prairies, Upper Arkansas ; June. :

PLATANTHERA LEUCOPHEA, Gray, Bot. N. States, p. 472. Orchis leucopheea, Nutt. in Trans. Amer. Phil. Soc. (n. ser.) 5, p. 161. Prairies near Westport.

Menantuium Vireintcum, Linn.; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 116. Zygadenus Virginicus, Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 195. Prairies, Upper Arkansas ; July.

ZYGADENUS eLAucus, Nutt. in Jour. Acad. Phil.7, p. 56. Z%. chloranthus. Richards. Append, to Frankl. Narr. p. 12; Hook, Fl. Bor.-Am. 2, p.177. Anticlea glauca, Kunth, Enum, 4, p. 192. Roubideau’s Pass, Sierra Blanca.

SAGITTARIA VARIABILIS, Engelm. in Gray’s Bot. N. States, p. 461. 8. sagittifolia of most American botanists. In water, Upper Arkansas.

HETERANTHERA timosa, Vahl, Enum. 2, p. 44; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 122. Leptanthus ovalis, Michx. Fi. 1, p. 25, ¢.5,f. 1. Wet places, Westport, &c., Arkansas river. Corolla usually blue, but a white-flowered variety was found with the common form.

CaLocHoRTUS VENUSTUS, Benth. in Hort. Trans. (n. 8.) 1, p. 412, t. 15, f. 2, var?: sepals erect; petals obovate, bearded and without a spot below the middle, purple at the base. Grows under trees on high mountains. Utah. Stem 2-3-flowered. Leaves grass-like, about two lines hie erties nearly 3 inches in diameter. Sepals lanceolate, striate with purple veins externally. Petals nearly twice as long as the sepals, the upper half white, pale yellow- ish-green lower down, where the inside is bearded with longish gland-tipped hairs, which are dark purple at the base. Near the base the hairs are more numerous, and form a transverse

BOTANY. 131

tuft; at the very bottom the claw is dark purple. Differs from C. venustus in its much nar- rower and less bearded petals, and in wanting the red spot above the middle.

Atuium cernuum, Roth; Kunth, Enum. 4, p. 435. Roubideau’s Pass. Differs from the description of A. cernuum, in the ovary being 6-toothed, or rather with 3 short processes, each of which is 2-lobed.

CAREX VULPINOIDEA, Michx, Fl. 2, p. 69; Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 376. (©. multiflora, Mudl. in Willd. Spec. 4, p. 233; Schk. Car. t. Lil. f. 154. Between Westport and Bent’s Fort.

ScrRPUS LINEATUS, Miche. Fl. 1, p. 32; Torr. Cyp. p. 332. In thickets, Upper Arkansas.

S. Lacustrris, Linn.; Muhl. Gram. p. 32; Torr. Cyp.p. 221. Bluff Creek.

Cyprus FiLicuLMis, Vahl, Enum, 2, p. 328; Torr. Cyp. p. 267. C. mariscoides, Elliott, Sk. 1, p. 67. Prairies near Fort Atkinson.

BovuTELOUA CURTIPENDULA, Forr. in Emory’s Report, p. 153. B. racemosa, Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 449; not of Lag. Chloris curtipendula, Miche. Fl. 1, p. 59. Atheropogon apludoides, Muhl. Gram, p. 287. Prairies, Upper Arkansas.

CHONDROSIUM OLIGOsTACHYUM, Torr. in Marcy’s Report, p. 300. Atheropogon oligostachyum, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 78. Eutriana? oligostachya, Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 96, and 2, p. 282. On the Upper Arkansas.

SESLERIA DACTYLOIDES, Nutt. Gen. 1, p. 65; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 323; Torr. in Emory’s Report, p. 323, t. 10. With the last. The flowers are all male in the specimens of this collec- tion. There are thrown out from the root, besides the upright flowering culms, long prostrate runners which produce short verticillate branches and tufts of leaves at the joints, where they also frequently strike root.

Anpropocon Torreyanum, Steud. Syn. Gram. p. 302.

A. James, Torr. in Marcy’s Report, p. 302. A. glaucum, Torr. in Ann. Lyc. N. York 1, p. 153; not of Muhl. Sources of the Arkansas.

SPARTINA cyNosuROIDES, Willd. Enum. 1, p. 80; Torr. Fl. N. York 2, p. 448, ¢. 153. Low- lands of the headwaters of the Arkansas.

TripsacuM DAcTYLOIDES, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. 1, p. 469; Steud. Gram. p. 362. Plains of the Arkansas.

Eymus Canapensis, Linn.; Kunth, Enum. 1. 451; Torr..l. c. 476. Between Westport and Bent’s Fort.

PANICUM CAPILLARE, Linn.; Kunth, Enum.1,p. 114; Torr. 1. c.p.426. With the preceding.

Panicum Crus-eaul, Linn.; Torr. Fl. N. York, 2, p. 424. Damp places. Upper Arkansas. The flowers are hispid and mostly awnless.

EXPLANATION OF THE PLATES.

Plate I. Viota Brckwirutt. Fig. 1, the petals; 2, vertical section of a flower; 3, 4, 5, stamens; 6, pistil; 7, capsule and calyx. All magnified. Plate II. Smpatcea cANDIDA.

Fig. 1, vertical section of the column, ovary, &c.; 2, upper part of the stamineal column, entire; 3, fruit, of the natural size; 4, fruit and calyx; 5, a mature carpel; 6,aseed. All but 3 sonpensiied:

132 BOTANY.

Plate III, Astreatus BeckWITHit. Fig. 1, vexillum; 2, a wing; 3, keel; 4, calyx and pistil; 4, stamens; 6, pistil, the ovary vertically divided. All enlarged. Plate [V..CENoTHERA TANACETIFOLIA. Fig. 1, vertical section of a flower; 2, stamens; 3, pollen;-4, ovules. All variously en- larged ; Plate V. TrTRADYMIA GLABRATA. r

Fig. 1, a capitulum; 2, receptacle; 3, a flower; 4, corolla and stamens; 5, corolla and sta- mens laid open; 6, a stamen; 7, transverse section of the ovary; 8, pistil, with the ovary ver- tically divided; 9, stigmas; 10, a bristle of the pappus. The details variously enlarged.

Plate VI. PENTSTEMON HETERANDUM.

Fig. 1, a flower; 2, diagram of the estivation, &c.; 3.4, normal form for the genus of wstivation of the corolla; 5, vertical section of a flower ; 6, corolla laid open, with normal sta- mens; 7, 8, anterior and posterior view of a perfect stamen; 9, 10, 11, the fifth stamen more or less antheriferous; 12, the fifth stamen reduced to the usual sterile filament; 13, pistil. The details variously enlarged.

Plate VII. PHaceLia HUMILIS.

Fig. 1, a flower; 2, corolla laid open, with the stamens; 3, 4, stamens; 5, pistil and calyx; 6, the same in fruit ; 7, capsule, &c., vertically divided; 8, a seed; 9, vertical section of the same. The details more or less magnified.

Plate VIII. Putox canescens.

Fig. 1, a flower; 2, the same laid open; 3, 4, stamens; 5, pistil; 6, ovary horizontally di-

vided; 7, vertical section of the ovary. The details variously enlarged. Plate IX. Gra Gunnisont.

Fig. l,a flower ; 2, calyx laid open; 3, corolla laid open; 4, pistil—pistil with the ovary vertically divided; 6, ovary transversely divided; 7, calyx and capsule. Details variously enlarged.

Plate X. ABRONIA FRAGANS.

Fig. 1, a flower; 2, the same laid open; 3, anther; 4, stigma; 5 » Immature fruit,

“BOTANY Plate]

LLEL.

U.S.P.RREX. {SURVEY S. 38% & 39% g41stPARA]

/\

AckermanL tth.309 Broadway N.Y

VIOLA BECKWITHIL

Plate IL

BOTANY.

SPAR ALLEL.

$

Y

URVE

a

me,

x

PRRE

fal ~ ~F

U.

U.S.PR.R.EX. ASURVEYS. 38% & 39% a41StPAR ALLET, BOTANY. Platell

AtkermanL ith. 3roadway NY

ASTRAGALUS BECKWITHIL

xX SURVEYS. 38% & 392 & AISPARALLEL

LEG

—o sic Let

StPARAL

R&R 4)

36% K 39

SURVEYS

PAR EX &

.

USPRREX.& SURVEYS. 38% 390% AISPAR ALLEL, BOTANY Plate Vi

PHLOX CANESCENS

ANY. P:

BOTs

\R ALLEL

39% & 41st PA

ATITDOANIT SURVE

EX&

S.PRER

i

t

IAS.

'M

ELIA. HL

PHAG

BOTANY Plate Vil

TANY. PlatelX

BO

Bm BC 39% & 4IStPAR ALLEL.

SURVE YS.3

if

Xx

ad sells

te WBroadway WY

TL

Acker

—

—— Fe er SN \ y — ~AY » Ws =; é \ : = aN EQY }

cpt H - aL A INS. — > “ ts i) ) SS => ~ 7 i y ea - oe RT J —— i SS

rae

¢ rs C/ AW (Ay

La |

V ta S Scan

IR R.EX. & SURVEYS. 38% 839% &4iStPARALLET P 3 BOTANY. Plate X

7 : Hibarman Lith. 319 Broadueay NY. ABRONIA FRAGRANS |